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4016562 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Dun%20%28River%20Kennet%29 | River Dun (River Kennet) | The River Dun (historically known as Bedwyn Brook) is a tributary of the River Kennet, flowing through Wiltshire and Berkshire in England. Its main source is in the parish of Great Bedwyn, Wiltshire and it flows in a northeasterly direction into Berkshire. It discharges into the Kennet at Hungerford, which has a smaller average flow and width upstream of that point.
The Dun valley is an important transport route through the high chalklands between the London Basin to the east and the Vale of Pewsey to the west. It is the route by which the Kennet and Avon Canal (linking London and Bristol) enters the Thames basin from the Vale of Pewsey, crossing the watershed with the aid of the Bruce Tunnel and Crofton Pumping Station. The later Reading to Plymouth railway linking London and the south-west also follows the valley.
The Dun has two named tributaries: the Froxfield Stream joins on the left between Little Bedwyn and Hungerford, and the Shalbourne Stream on the right above Hungerford. During or after the building of the Kennet and Avon Canal in the late 18th century, the Shalbourne was diverted into it. In 2000 the stream was returned to its original course, rejoining the Dun via a culvert under the canal.
References
Dun, Northern River
Dun, Northern River
1Dun |
4016564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UH%2025 | UH 25 | UH 25 is a fuel mixture for rockets. It was developed for the European Ariane 2–4 launch vehicles.
UH 25 was developed after a disaster during flight 2 of the Ariane 1 rocket. During launch, one of the four Viking engines on the first stage developed a combustion instability which led to an engine fire, subsequent explosion and destruction of the vehicle. Following this event and starting with Ariane 2, the fuel was changed from pure UDMH to the mixture UH 25.
UH 25 was used in Ariane rocket versions 2 through 4, and in the Indian GSLV Mk III
UH 25 is a mixture of 75% UDMH and 25% hydrazine hydrate. It is hypergolic with dinitrogen tetroxide as oxidizer, and both can be stored as liquids at room temperature.
Danger
Like its components, UH 25 is flammable, toxic (carcinogenic) and corrosive.
Safety labels
See also
Aerozine 50 - a 50:50 mix of hydrazine and UDMH.
C-Stoff, the 50:50 mix of hydrazine and methanol fuel used for the HWK 109-509 Nazi rocket motor series.
References
This Article has been based on a translation of the Article UH 25 from the German-speaking Wikipedia in the Version from February 9, 2006 13:01 CET. A List of the main Authors (History) in accordance with GNU FDL is here.
Rocket fuels |
4016566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bourne%20Rivulet | Bourne Rivulet | The Bourne Rivulet is a river in the English county of Hampshire. It is a tributary of the River Test.
The Bourne Rivulet (known as 'The Bourne' locally) is a winterbourne (a seasonal chalk stream that rises and falls with the water table). It usually rises in January and flows until around August each year. It normally runs from the village of Upton and flows through the villages of Hurstbourne Tarrant, St Mary Bourne and Hurstbourne Priors before joining with the Test near Tufton.
Above Hurstbourne Tarrant it is known as the Swift or River Swift.
Due to water extraction in the drainage basin, the upper flow is more intermittent than naturally. However Vitacress Salads Ltd.'s watercress plant, which is at the perennial headwater point, maintains flow through its pumping of extracted water not needed down into the stream.
In literature
The Bourne was celebrated in a much loved book by Harry Plunket Greene, "Where the Bright Waters Meet", in which he described it as "unquestionably the finest trout stream in the south of England."
Fans of this book, which chronicles the author's fishing experiences on the Bourne between 1902 and 1912, still come from all over the world to fish here.
Since 1995 the fishing has been managed and let by a private company.
Environmental issues
The river still produces some large wild brown trout. In the past there has been an unexplained subtle invertebrate imbalance (source: Environment Agency). Since 2007, Vitacress Salads Ltd. has taken measures which have reversed the imbalance (source: Environment Agency 2008), to the extent that restoration works downstream were recently winners in the Wild Trust Trust 2008 Awards.
References
Bourne Rivulet
1Bourne |
4016572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian%20Peretyatkovich | Marian Peretyatkovich | Marian Marianovich Peretyatkovich (; 23 August 1872, in Usychi (Усичі in Ukrainian), Volhyn (now Ukraine) 22 May 1916, in Kyiv (Ukraine) was a Russian and Ukrainian architect. His premature death at the age of 43 limited his career to only eight years of independent practice (1908-1916), however, he managed to excel in a rational (Finnish) variety of late Art Nouveau, Renaissance Revival and Russian Revival in Saint Petersburg and Moscow.
He is sometimes compared with Louis Sullivan on account of his insistence on functionality of office buildings.
Biography
Training
Peretyatkovich trained at Saint Petersburg Institute of Civil Engineers, graduating in 1901, and the Imperial Academy of Arts under Leon Benois (1901-1906). Still at college, Peretyatkovich became famous as a refined draftsman; architect like Gavriil Baranovsky, Roman Klein and Ivan Rerberg hired him for drafting and interior designs. Thus, Peretyatkovich was involved in such high-profile jobs as the Hotel Metropol, Elisseeff Emporium, and the Pushkin Museum. Before graduation, Peretyatkovich secured a solid reputation among professionals in both capitals of Russia.
In 1907, he travelled over Europe on the Academy study tour, and learned the Finnish version of Art Nouveau practiced by Eliel Saarinen and Lars Sonck, as well as Roman architecture of Southern Europe; both these styles became the trademarks of his short career.
Own practice
On his return from Europe, Peretyatkovich designed his first major project - Solodovnikov's Cheap Apartment Building in Moscow (it was executed by Traugott Bardt), a typical Northern Moderne, Saint Petersburg version of Art Nouveau. His second project - the Northern Insurance Buildings in Moscow, was executed in collaboration with Ivan Rerberg and Vyacheslav Oltarzhevsky in stern Neoclassical Revival. This buildings are also notable as Ilya Golosov's first employment and for Sergei Rachmaninoff melody written for the chiming clock. Now, they house the Constitutional Court of Russia.
In Saint Petersburg, Peretyatkovich designed various office and residential buildings; the best known, Wawelberg Trade Bank (1911-1912), combines neoclassical composition with Renaissance exterior (in the same period, Ivan Zholtovsky built a similar but far smaller Tarasov House in Moscow).
The historicist dimension of Peretiatkovich's work is even more pronounced in his designs for St Petersburg churches. He oversaw the construction of the Saviour Church "on Waters" (Спас-на-Водах), inspired by the 12th-century architecture of Vladimir-Suzdal and commemorating Russian sailors who perished during the Russo-Japanese War. The church was demolished by the Leningrad authorities in 1932. His other major project was the Roman Catholic church of Notre-Dame de Lourdes (1908–09), inspired by Romanesque architecture of Northern Europe and designed in collaboration with Leon Benois.
His last work was a memorial chapel for the late Prince Oleg Konstantinovich of Russia, modelled after historical Pskov churches.
Legacy
Peretyatkovich, as the youngest member of Neoclassical Revival movement after 1915, had a solid influence on Saint Petersburg architects of his period, securing the leading role of this style together with Vladimir Shchuko and Ivan Fomin.
His early reputation as a talented graphic artist in college and a very short architectural career that left a lasting influence are reminiscent of another architect, Konstantin Melnikov.
Completed buildings
Saint Petersburg
1907-1908 Interiors, State Council Hall, 6 Isaakievskaya Square (with Leon Benois)
1907-1909 Notre Dame de France church, 7 Kovensky Lane
1908 Bridge over Fontanka (with Leon Benois)
1908-1909 Salamandra apartment building, 4 Gorokhovaya Street
1910-1911 Saviour on the Waters church (destroyed)
1911-1912 Wawelberg Trading Bank and apartments, 7-9 Nevsky Prospect
1912-1913 Catholic orphanage, 19 Kirillovskaya Street
1912-1913 City services building, 49 Kronverksky Prospect
1912-1914 Russian Trade and Industry Bank, 15 Bolshaya Morskaya Street
1914-1915 Ministry for Trade and Industry, 8 Makarova Embankment
Moscow
1899-1900 Assistant to Roman Klein on Pushkin Museum
1898-1907 Assistant to Gavriil Baranovsky on Elisseeff Store, 14 Tverskaya Street
1901-1903 Assistant to Hotel Metropol (Moscow) architects
1965-1908 Solodovnikov Cheap Apartment Building, 65 Gilyarovskogo Street
1909-1918 Northern Insurance Society, 23 Ilyinka Street (with Ivan Rerberg, Vyacheslav Oltarzhevsky)
1915-1916 Prince Oleg Konstantinovich of Russia memorial chapel, Ostashevo, Volokolamsk District
Rostov-on-Don
1910s State Bank building
References
William Craft Brumfield, Commerce in Russian Urban Culture 1861-1914, The Woodrow Wilson Center Press,
William Craft Brumfield, The Origins of Modernism in Russian Architecture, University of California Press, 1991 contents
Russian: Нащокина, Мария, "Архитекторы московского модерна", М, "Жираф", 2005, стр.373-377 (Maria Naschokina)
Russian architects
Russian people of Ukrainian descent
Ukrainian architects
1872 births
1916 deaths
Neoclassical architects
Art Nouveau architects
Saint-Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering alumni |
4016574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Srikanth | Srikanth | Srikanth or Sreekanth is a common Indian first name.
Srikanth (Tamil actor, born 1940), Tamil film actor active in films from 1965
Srikanth (Tamil actor, born 1980), Tamil actor active in films after 2002
Srikanth (Telugu actor), Telugu actor who debuted in films in 1991
Srikanth Iyengar, Telugu actor who acted in 2010s
Krishnamachari Srikkanth, Indian cricketer |
4016586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Coe | George Coe | George Coe (born George Julian Cohen; May 10, 1929 – July 18, 2015) was an American actor. He was a cast member for the first season of Saturday Night Live and voiced the character of Woodhouse in Archer.
Early life
Coe was born in Jamaica, Queens, New York.
Career
His Broadway theater career began in 1957 and included turns as "M. Lindsey Woolsey" opposite Angela Lansbury in the original production of Mame; as "Owen O'Malley" in On The Twentieth Century, and creating the role of David in the original Broadway production of Company.
Coe was an original member of the "Not Ready For Prime Time Players", the original cast of Saturday Night Live. He was only credited as a cast member for the first show, October 11, 1975. Coe was used in several other episodes of SNL, but was never again credited.
In 1979 he appeared as the head of Dustin Hoffman's character's advertising firm in the Academy Award-winning Kramer vs. Kramer. Coe was nominated for an Academy Award for the 1968 short film The Dove, a parody of Ingmar Bergman's films, which he also co-directed. Coe also played the role of Brigadier General Scott Watson in the 1986 movie Remo Williams: The Adventure Begins. He guest-starred on a 1991 episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation. He also portrayed Ben Cheviot, the eventual head of Network 23, on the series Max Headroom. His various television appearances include Murder, She Wrote, Bones, My Wicked, Wicked Ways: The Legend of Errol Flynn, Judging Amy, The King of Queens, Nip/Tuck, Grey's Anatomy, Columbo, Curb Your Enthusiasm, Gilmore Girls, The Golden Girls, Wilfred, and as Senator Howard Stackhouse in two episodes of The West Wing.
He voiced the character of Woodhouse, the much-put-upon valet in the FX animated series Archer. He voiced the Autobot Wheeljack in Michael Bay's Transformers: Dark of the Moon. Coe provided voice acting for the video games The Elder Scrolls V: Skyrim, Star Wars: The Old Republic, and Guild Wars 2.
Death
Coe died on July 18, 2015, at the age of 86, after a long illness, in Santa Monica, California. The eighth season of Archer (the primary arc of which revolves mostly around the death of his character Woodhouse) was dedicated to him.
Filmography
Film
Television
Video games
Theatre
Accolades
See also
History of Saturday Night Live (1975–1980)
References
External links
1929 births
2015 deaths
Male actors from New York City
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male voice actors
American male television actors
Hofstra University alumni
American Academy of Dramatic Arts alumni
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
People from Jamaica, Queens |
4016613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple%27s%20Way | Apple's Way | Apple's Way is an American drama television series that aired on CBS from February 10, 1974, to January 12, 1975. It was created by Earl Hamner Jr.
Premise
The Apples of Los Angeles—architect George, his wife Barbara, their children Paul, Cathy, Steven, and Patricia; and Grandfather Aldon—seek refuge from the hectic pace of city living and relocate to George's hometown of Appleton, Iowa, which was founded by his ancestors. The family had to adjust to a different culture and climate and to a slower pace of life. They lived in a working grist mill that served as a backdrop for the situations depicted in each episode. Well-meaning George would often get involved in causes that increased his family's tensions.
Apple's Way was a mid-season replacement for The New Perry Mason. The series did not gain the ratings CBS had hoped for, partly because it had to compete with NBC's long-running Top 20 hit The Wonderful World of Disney and ABC's popular crime drama The F.B.I.. The concept was "re-booted" in the second season to focus on plots that dealt more with such issues (such as freedom of speech, drug use, terminal illness) as opposed to the more rural-specific plots of the first season. The second season was produced by successful veteran producer-writer John Furia Jr. Furia hired Worley Thorne as story editor. The series was canceled during its second season and replaced with Cher.
Cast
Ronny Cox as George Apple
Frances Lee McCain as Barbara Apple
Vince Van Patten as Paul Apple (1974–1975)
Malcolm Atterbury as Grandfather Aldon
Kristy McNichol as Patricia Apple (1974–1975)
Eric Olson as Steven Apple
Patti Cohoon as Cathy Apple
Frannie Michel as Patricia Apple (1974)
Episode list
Season 1: 1974
Season 2: 1974–75
Syndication
Both TV Land and AmericanLife TV aired the series in reruns during the late 1990s and early 2000.
Two decades after this series left the air, lead actors Ronny Cox and Frances Lee McCain were reunited in the short lived 1993–1994 television prime time soap Second Chances.
In popular culture
The short lived TV game show Couch Potatoes which focused on TV trivia, had a still pic of the Apple's Way cast used in the Channel Roulette bonus round/endgame. Contestant Axel Kyster had the first pic of the round and picked "channel 11" which contained the cast picture, and guessed correctly. It earned him and his team (who called themselves The Brady Bunch on the show) an automatic 1,000 points which is the required point value to win $5,000 in the game.
References
External links
Apple's Way at The Classic TV Archive
From the creator of The Waltons, Earl Hamner's Apple's Way
1970s American comedy-drama television series
1974 American television series debuts
1975 American television series endings
CBS original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by Lorimar Television
Television shows set in Iowa |
4016614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Single%20Guy | The Single Guy | The Single Guy is an American sitcom television series that ran for two seasons on NBC, from September 21, 1995, to April 14, 1997. It starred Jonathan Silverman as struggling New York City writer Jonathan Eliot and followed several of his close friends (some of whom came and left as the show was re-tooled between seasons). The series also starred Joey Slotnick as Eliot's best friend Sam Sloan, Ming-Na Wen as Sam's wife Trudy and Ernest Borgnine as doorman Manny, throughout its entire run. The Single Guy was created by Brad Hall.
Cast
Main
Jonathan Silverman as Jonathan Eliot
Joey Slotnick as Sam Sloan
Ernest Borgnine as Manny Cordoba
Ming-Na Wen as Trudy Sloan
Mark Moses as Matt Parker (season 1)
Jessica Hecht as Janeane Percy-Parker (season 1)
Shawn Michael Howard as Russell (season 2)
Olivia d'Abo as Marie Blake (season 2)
Recurring
Jensen Daggett as Charlie McCarthy (season 2)
Dan Cortese as Dan Montgomery (season 2)
Episodes
Season 1 (1995–96)
Season 2 (1996–97)
Beginning and reception
While the series was favored enough by NBC to earn a timeslot in its coveted "Must-See-TV" Thursday night line-up, it ultimately failed to generate enthusiasm with critics and viewers. It was largely written-off as one in a long line of "singles in the city" sitcoms that emerged in the mid-1990s, following the success of Seinfeld. Many of that hit show's calling cards were emulated in The Single Guy, from the neurotic best friend who occasionally does reprehensible things, to its main character's rotating cast of flawed girlfriends. Jonathan and friends would also regularly hang out at a local coffee shop, The Bagel Cafe, which was seen by some viewers as too similar to that of the critically acclaimed NBC sitcom, Friends of which they had a guest star crossover with David Schwimmer's character, Ross Geller.
Ending
Perhaps aware of its impending cancellation, the series ended its second and final season with Jonathan Eliot married in Las Vegas, thus ending his single status.
Ultimately, it was one of the highest rated shows to ever get canceled, consistently attaining 4th or 5th place in the Nielsen ratings. Most attribute this to the fact that it was hammocked in the coveted 8:30pm EST slot, between Friends and Seinfeld. According to Entertainment Weekly, when the show was moved to a different time slot, its position in the ratings plummeted.
Ross Geller (played by David Schwimmer), a character from the sitcom Friends, appeared on the show.
References
External links
1995 American television series debuts
1997 American television series endings
1990s American romantic comedy television series
NBC original programming
1990s American sitcoms
Television series by Castle Rock Entertainment
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television series by Universal Television
Television shows set in New York City
English-language television shows
Latino sitcoms |
4016615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASFMA%20Award | ASFMA Award | The Australian Science Fiction Media Awards (ASFMA Awards) were awards given annually for achievement in non-literary media and media appreciation within Australian science fiction. They were awarded at the Australian National Science Fiction Media Convention, from 1984 to 1997. The award was formally dissolved and incorporated into the Ditmar Awards at the Business Meeting of the Australian National Science Fiction Convention, Spawncon II in Melbourne in 1999, with the formal merger of the Australian "Media Natcon" and the Natcon.
Results
1983: Conquest '83, 24–25 September 1983 Brisbane
It was decided to give ASFMA awards at the annual Media Natcon, starting in 1984.
1984: Medtrek 2, March 10–11, 1984, The Shore Inn Sydney
Best Australian Media Fanzine
Chronicles
Best Australian Media Fanwriter
Sue Bursztynski
Best Australian Media Fanartist
Sue Campbell
1985: Con Amore, June 8–10, 1985, Brisbane Parkroyal Brisbane
Best Australian Media Fanzine
Chronicles
Best Australian Media Fanwriter
Sue Bursztynski
Best Australian Media Fanartist
Lynn Hendricks
1986 Galactic Tours Convention, March 7–10, 1986, Townhouse Melbourne
Best Australian Media Fanzine
Chronicles
Best Australian Media Fanwriter
Sue Bursztynski
Best Australian Media Fanartist
Robert Jan
Best Amateur Audio-Visual
Sale of 23rd Century
1987: Eccentricon, July 3–6, 1987, Hawkesbury Agricultural College N.S.W.(NSW)
Best Australian Media Fanzine
Chronicles
Best Australian Media Fanwriter
Sue Clarke
Best Australian Media Fanartist
Robert Jan
Best Amateur Audio-Visual
Perfect Botch
1988: Zencon II, October 14–16, 1988, Carlton Social Club Melbourne
Best Australian Media Fanzine
A for Andromeda
Australian Playbeing
Chronicles
Newspeak
Spock
Timeloop
Best Australian Media Fanwriter
Edwina Harvey
Gail Neville
Mark Try
Karen Herkes
Alan Stewart
Best Australian Media Fanartist
Gail Adams
David Kenyon
Phil Wlodarczyk
Ian Gunn
Mark Try
1989 Conspire, March 17–19, 1989, The Rex Hotel Canberra
Best Writer
Nikki White
Best Artist
Gail Adams
Best Fanzine
Spock
Best Audio-visual
No Award
1990: Huttcon '90, November 23–25, 1990, The Diplomat Motel Melbourne
Best Australian Media Fanzine
Starwalking Newsletter
Enarrare, edited by Ellen Parry, Annie Hamilton, Marie Letters & Christine Poulson
Spock
Psychodaleks
Captain's Log
Best Australian Media Fanwriter
Ana Dorfstad
Edwina Harvey
Moira Dahlberg
Jan McNally
Sue Isle
Best Australian Media Fanartist
Marianne Plumridge
Wendy Purcell
Bruce Mitchell
Ian Gunn
Phil Wlodarczyk
1991 Vampiricon, October 11–13, 1991, Melbourne Townhouse
Best Writer
Alan Stewart
Best Artist
Ian Gunn
Best Fanzine
Spock Wendy Purcell
Best Media Newszine
Ethel the Aardvark edited by Alan Stewart
Best Audio-visual
Danny Heap Huttcon `90 Opening Ceremony
1992 HongCon, June 6–8, 1992, Hotel Adelaide, S.A.
Best Fiction Zine
Steve & Martin's Excellent Fanzine Steven Scholz & Martin Reilly
Best Australian Media Newszine
3 way tie for award
Just Alice Adam Jenkins
Captain's Log Gail Adams
Ethel the Aardvark Alan Stewart
Best Australian Media Fanwriter
Martin Reilly
Best Australian Media Fanartist
Steven Scholz
Best Amateur Audio-Visual
James Bond etc George Ivanoff
1993 DefCon, June 4–7, 1993, Hotel St George Wellington New Zealand
Best Australian Media Newszine
Ethel the Aardvark edited by Alan Stewart & Paul Ewins
Best Australian Media fanwriter
Hazel Naird
(Remaining categories not voted on due to inadequate nominations.)
1994 Constantinople, April 1–4, Southern Cross Melbourne
Best Fan Writer
James (Jocko) Allen
Paul Ewins
Terry Frost
Jan MacNally
Martin Reilly
Katharine Shade
Best Fan Artist
Ian Gunn
Darren Reid
Steve Scholtz
Kerri Valkova
Phil Wlodarczyk
Best Newsletter
Awaken
Blacklight
Ethel the Aardvark
Get Stuffed
Thyme
Best Fan Fiction Zine
Black Light
Nekros
Spock
Steve and Martin's Excellent Fanzine
Yukkies
Best Amateur Audiovisual Production
Concave Opening Ceremony Russell Devlin
Beky's Brain Phone Answering Message Danny Heap
Star Wars Tribute @ Jedi 10th Darren Maxwell
Starwalking Video, Karen Ogden
Starwalking II Closing Ceremony The Bastards (Danny Heap & Paul Ewins)
1995 Basicon, October 21, Melbourne University
Best Fan Writer
Chris Ballis
Paul Ewins
Ian Gunn
Karen Pender-Gunn
Best Fan Artist
Ian Gunn
Tracy Hamilton
Darren Reid
Catherine Scholz
Steve Scholz
Kerri Valkova
Best News Zine
Coztume, Edited by Gail Adams
Ethel The Aardvark, Edited by Paul Ewins
Pink, Edited by Karen Pender-Gunn
Severed Head, Edited by B.J.Stevens
The Communicator, Edited by Derek Screen
Thyme, Edited by Alan Stewart
Best Fiction Zine
Bobby & Mike #1, Edited by Peter & Jimmy Reilly
Spock, Edited by Katherine Shade
Strange Matter, Edited by Sian O'Neale
The Mentor, Edited by Ron Clarke
Best Audio Visual
Constantinople Closing Ceremony (Performance) by George Ivanoff & Ian GunnConstantinople Masquerade Video (Video Compilation) by Carol TilleyConstantinople Opening Ceremony (Video/Performance) by George Ivanoff & Ian Gunn
Constantinople Party Animation (Computer Animation) by Kerri Valkova
1996: The Festival of the Imagination, April 4–8, Kings Hotel Perth
Best Fan Fiction Zine
Ethel the Aardvark, edited by Paul Ewins
Best Fan Newsletter
Thyme, edited by Alan Stewart
Best Media Fan Writer
Ian Gunn
Best Media Artist
Ian Gunn
Best Amateur Audio/Visual Production
The Dalek Tapes (Albert Q.)
1997 Basicon 2, 27–28 September 1997 YWCA Cato Conference Centre, Elizabeth St, Melbourne
Best Australian Fan Fiction ZineAlliance edited by Cavell Gleeson & Jeremy SadlerBabyloney 5 written & illustrated by Peter Reilly
Best Australian Fan Newsletter
The Communicator, edited by Derek ScreenFrontier, edited by Katharine MaxwellOscillation Overthruster, edited by Sue Ann Barber
Thyme, edited by Alan Stewart
Best Australian Media Fan Writer
Sue Ann Barber
Paul Ewins
Ian GunnGeorge IvanoffKaren Pender-Gunn
Margaret Walsh
Best Australian Media Fan Artist
Ian Gunn
Tracy Hamilton
Steve ScholzKerri ValkovaPhil Wlodarczyk
Best Australian Amateur Audio/Visual Production
Enterprise Web Site David Barker (https://web.archive.org/web/19980428161222/http://aba.net.au/people/susien/enterprise/)Star Trek 30th Anniversary Tribute Video (screened at Multiverse II) Danny Heap'''
Zero G (3RRR radio program) Robert Jan
See also
Ditmar Award
Ditmar Award results
Australian science fiction awards |
4016616 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kohat%20Pass | Kohat Pass | Kohat Pass () is a mountain pass in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan, between the cities of Kohat and Peshawar. The pass traverses the Khigana Mountains, which stretch from the Federally Administered Tribal Areas towards Attock.
British authorities in Peshawar commenced construction of the Kohat Pass road in 1849, and completed it by 1850 despite violent opposition from local tribes. The pass was closed temporarily in 1853 after a quarrel arose among nearby tribes. The road which connected Kohat to Rawalpindi via Khushalgarh was of little trouble compared to the Kohat Pass road.
Travel times across the pass were dramatically reduced with the opening of the Kohat Tunnel in 2003.
See also
Khyber Pass
References
External links
Pictures of Kohat and the pass
Kohat District
Peshawar |
4016618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monte%20Caseros%2C%20Corrientes | Monte Caseros, Corrientes | Monte Caseros is a city in the south-east of the province of Corrientes in the Argentine Mesopotamia. It has about 37,000 inhabitants as of the . It is the head town of the department of the same name, which comprises also the municipalities of Colonia Libertad, Juan Pujol and Mocoretá.
The city lies on the west bank of the Uruguay River, opposite Bella Unión, Uruguay, about 440 km east-southeast of the provincial capital (Corrientes) and 640 km north of Buenos Aires.
Climate
References
Municipality of Monte Caseros - Official website.
Diario del Bicentenario, edición digital del Periódico Contexto - Noticias e Información de la ciudad de Monte Caseros.
Guía Online Turística, Comercial, Empresarial y Cultural de la Ciudad de Monte Caseros, Corrientes
Populated places in Corrientes Province
Uruguay River |
4016620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellipi | Ellipi | Ellipi was an ancient kingdom located on the western side of the Zagros (modern Iran), between Babylonia at the west, Media at the north east, Mannae at the north and Elam at the south. The inhabitants of Ellipi were close relatives of the Elamites.
History
The period of major development in Ellipi was from the 9th to 7th centuries BC, as is reflected in archaeological research. The prosperity of the country came from the control of trade routes. They were also cattle dealers. It functioned as a buffer state between Assyrian provinces of Kishesim (Kar-Nergal) and Harhar (Kar-Sharrukin) and Elam.
Assyrian Vassal
During the 8th and 7th centuries BC it was ruled by an Iranicized dynasty.
Talta of Ellipi (d. 707 BC)
Talta (Dalta) was the King of Ellipi.
He was probably on the throne contemporary with Assyrian kings Tiglath-Pileser III (r. 745-727 BC) and Shalmaneser V (r. 727-722 BC).
He paid tribute to the Assyrian king Sargon II (r. 722-705 BC) since 714 BC.
War of Succession (Civil War)
In 707 BC, when Talta died of old age, his (sister's?) sons Nibe, supported by Elam, and Ishparaba, supported by Sargon II, started a civil war with Ishparaba winning and becoming king of Ellipi.
Ishparaba of Ellipi
In 703 BC, Ellipi was implicated in the Babylonian rebellions of Marduk-apal-iddina II against Assyria. In 702 BC, he was strongly punished by king Sennacherib of Assyria, who took Marubishti, the capital city.
The Sennacherib Prism Column 2 states: "The front of my yoke I turned around and took the road to the land of the Elippi. Before me Ispabâra, their king, abandoned his strong cities, his treasurehouses, and fled to the distant parts. Over the whole of his wide land I swept like a hurricane. The cities Marubishti and Akkuddu, his royal residence-cities, together with 34 small towns of their area, I besieged, I captured, I destroyed, I devastated, I burned with fire. The people, great and small, male and female, horses, mules, asses, camels, cattle, and sheep, without number I carried off. I brought him to nothing; I diminished his land."
Fall
During the 7th century BC, Ellipi suffered Cimmerian invasions, and then disappeared from sources.
Literature
Lendering, J.: "Cimmerians ", www.livius.org
Liverani, M. (1995)): El Antiguo Oriente: Historia, Sociedad y economía.
Quintana, E. (1997): Historia de Elam, el vecino mesopotámico.
Rogers, R. W. (1900): A History of Babylonia and Assyria (Volume II)
Luckenbill, Daniel David (1924) The Annals of Sennacherib. Oriental Institute Publications 2. Chicago: Univ. of Chicago
Josette Elayi (2017) Sargon II, King of Assyria
References
Ancient history of Iran
Iron Age peoples of Asia
Former countries in the Middle East
Former kingdoms
Iron Age countries in Asia |
4016623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O14 | O14 | O14 is a set of model railway standards for accurately modelling narrow-gauge railways in 1:43.5 (7 mm scale) using gauge track.
The first published O14 standards appeared in Model Railway Constructor magazine, September 1951. The article was titled "A Narrow Gauge Layout" and was by Douglas Clayton. He advocated HO standards, less 2.5mm coupled with coarse scale OO wheelsets set to 12.5 mm back to back. A subsequent article in 1953 provided details of his layout. Very little more happened regards the development of O14 until Roy C Link published a new set of standards (1993 — revised 1994) in his magazine Narrow Gauge and Industrial Railway Modelling Review. They were developed for his range of O14 kits — now produced by David Janes under the name KBscale. They are based on the proven 4 mm scale EM standards (BRMSB) and are reasonably close to exact scale especially considering the variations to be found in prototype nominal gauge railways.
This scale/gauge combination is managed by the O14 Group (an informal web based society dedicated to finescale 7mm narrow gauge modelling) and supported by the 7mm Narrow Gauge Association.
Related scales
O gauge is used for modelling standard-gauge railways in 7 mm scale, with ScaleSeven the accurate scale and complementary set of standards to O14. Other 7 mm scale narrow-gauge model railway gauges include: O16.5, On30 and O21.
See also
On2 scale – the USA equivalent of O14 which models in 1:48 scale on 1/2" gauge track
Model railway scales
List of rail transport modelling scale standards
External links
The official O14 Group website
7 mm scale
Narrow gauge railway modelling |
4016631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yassamin%20Maleknasr | Yassamin Maleknasr | Yassamin Maleknasr (also spelled Yasman Malek-Nasr, born 19 May 1955, Tehran, Iran) is an Iranian filmmaker and actress.
Career
Yassamin Maleknasr is the first Iranian woman filmmaker to graduate from the University of Southern California (USC) in Film and Television Production. She did post-graduate work in Drama at Towson State University in Maryland.
She made her first short film, Jazz Ballet in the U.S.; then after several years working at American film companies, she returned to Tehran to perform in Dariush Mehrjui's film Sara (1993) for which she won a "Best Supporting Actress" award from the Fajr International Film Festival in Tehran. She has also acted in a number of other Iranian features.
In 1995, Maleknasr directed and acted in her first feature film, "Common Plight".
In 2002, she took a journey with a small crew throughout war-torn Afghanistan and traveled more than 3,000 miles by land to make her acclaimed film, “Afghanistan the Lost Truth”. Her recent lyrical documentary, "Women of the Silk Road", depicts the lives of four women from four countries of the Silk Road is an exploration of women’s lives today via textile along the ancient trade route. Shot in Iran, Turkey, Oman, and Tajikistan. A story of love, courage, and hope.
Her films have been screened at various networks such as Arte, France and Ireland, BBC, Australian, and New Zealand networks, TVC Spain, USHUAIA France, plus special screenings at the Screen Actors Guild – Los Angeles, United Nations – New York, World Bank – Washington DC, the United States Senate, and many universities across the United States.
See also
Iranian cinema
List of famous Persian women
References
External links
Iranian documentary filmmakers
Iranian women film directors
Iranian film directors
Iranian film actresses
People from Tehran
USC School of Cinematic Arts alumni
1955 births
Living people
Towson University alumni
Crystal Simorgh for Best Supporting Actress winners
Women documentary filmmakers |
4016634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minister%20of%20Finance%20%28Norway%29 | Minister of Finance (Norway) | The Minister of Finance is a councilor of state and chief of the Ministry of Finance. The position is since October 2021 held by Trygve Slagsvold Vedum of the Centre Party who is a member of Støre's Cabinet.
List of ministers
Key
1st Ministry (finance affairs) (March-November 1814)
5th Ministry (finance affairs) (November 1814-1818)
Ministry of Finance, Trade and Customs (1818-1846)
Ministry of Finance and Customs (1846-2000)
Ministry of Finance (2000-)
Notes
See also
Norwegian Ministry of Finance
References
Finance
1814 establishments in Norway |
4016636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangtze%20Plain | Yangtze Plain | The Yangtze Plain (Chinese: 長江中下游平原/长江中下游平原; Wade-Giles: Ch'ang Chiang P'ing-yüan; Pinyin: Chang Jiang Pingyuan) is made up of a series of alluvial plains of along the Yangtze River and its major tributaries.
The Yangtze Plain starts east of Yichang (Hubei province), China. The Middle Yangtze Plain is made up of parts of the north-eastern and south-eastern Hunan, Hubei, and north-central Jiangxi provinces, and includes the Dongting, Poyang, and Hong lakes.
The Middle-Lower Yangtze Plain stretches eastward from Mount Wu to the coast. It is made up of alluvial deposits from the Yangtze River and its tributaries. The plain is somewhat swampy, made up of many lakes and rivers, making it suitable for rice growing and freshwater fish, and it is therefore known as the "land of fish and rice". The area also produces tea, silk, rapeseed, broad beans, and tangerines.
The Lower Yangtze Plain includes the Yangtze River Delta.
See also
Jiangnan
References
"Land and Resources" — Chinese Embassy in Sweden Web pages (retrieved 9 February 2006)
"Natural Condition" — China Facts and Figures 2005 (retrieved 9 February 2006)
Plains of China
Yangtze River
Landforms of Hubei
Landforms of Hunan
Landforms of Jiangxi
Central China |
4016640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constraint%20learning | Constraint learning | In constraint satisfaction backtracking algorithms, constraint learning is a technique for improving efficiency. It works by recording new constraints whenever an inconsistency is found. This new constraint may reduce the search space, as future partial evaluations may be found inconsistent without further search. Clause learning is the name of this technique when applied to propositional satisfiability.
Definition
Backtracking algorithms work by choosing an unassigned variable and recursively solve the problems obtained by assigning a value to this variable. Whenever the current partial solution is found inconsistent, the algorithm goes back to the previously assigned variable, as expected by recursion. A constraint learning algorithm differs because it tries to record some information, before backtracking, in form of a new constraint. This can reduce the further search because the subsequent search may encounter another partial solution that is inconsistent with this new constraint. If the algorithm has learned the new constraint, it will backtrack from this solution, while the original backtracking algorithm would do a subsequent search.
If the partial solution is inconsistent, the problem instance implies the constraint stating that cannot be true for all at the same time. However, recording this constraint is not useful, as this partial solution will not be encountered again due to the way backtracking proceeds.
On the other hand, if a subset of this evaluation is inconsistent, the corresponding constraint may be useful in the subsequent search, as the same subset of the partial evaluation may occur again in the search. For example, the algorithm may encounter an evaluation extending the subset of the previous partial evaluation. If this subset is inconsistent and the algorithm has stored this fact in form of a constraint, no further search is needed to conclude that the new partial evaluation cannot be extended to form a solution.
Efficiency of constraint learning
The efficiency of constraint learning algorithm is balanced between two factors. On one hand, the more often a recorded constraint is violated, the more often backtracking avoids doing useless search. Small inconsistent subsets of the current partial solution are usually better than large ones, as they correspond to constraints that are easier to violate. On the other hand, finding a small inconsistent subset of the current partial evaluation may require time, and the benefit may not be balanced by the subsequent reduction of the search time.
Size is however not the only feature of learned constraints to take into account. Indeed, a small constraint may be useless in a particular state of the search space because the values that violate it will not be encountered again. A larger constraint whose violating values are more similar to the current partial assignment may be preferred in such cases.
Various constraint learning techniques exist, differing in strictness of recorded constraints and cost of finding them.
Graph-based learning
If the algorithm proves all values of to be inconsistent with , then this evaluation was consistent, as otherwise the algorithm would not have evaluated at all; as a result, the constraints violated by a value of together with all contain .
As a result, an inconsistent evaluation is the restriction of the truth evaluation of to variables that are in a constraint with , provided that this constraint contains no unassigned variable.
Learning constraints representing these partial evaluation is called graph-based learning. It uses the same rationale of graph-based backjumping. These methods are called "graph-based" because they are based on pairs of variables are in the same constraint, which can be found out from the graph associated to the constraint satisfaction problem.
Jumpback learning
Jumpback learning is based on storing as constraints the inconsistent assignments that would be found by conflict-based backjumping. Whenever a partial assignment is found inconsistent, this algorithm selects the violated constraint that is minimal according to an ordering based on the order of instantiation of variables. The evaluation restricted of the variables that are in this constraint is inconsistent and is usually shorter than the complete evaluation. Jumpback learning stores this fact as a new constraint.
The ordering on constraints is based on the order of assignment of variable. In particular, the least of two constraint is the one whose latest non-common variable has been instantiated first. When an inconsistent assignment is reached, jumpback learning selects the violated constraint that is minimal according to this ordering, and restricts the current assignment to its variables. The constraint expressing the inconsistency of this assignment is stored.
Constraint maintenance
Constraint learning algorithms differ not only on the choice of constraint corresponding to a given inconsistent partial evaluation, but also on the choice of which constraint they maintain and which ones they discard.
In general, learning all inconsistencies in form of constraints and keeping them indefinitely may exhaust the available memory and increase the cost of checking consistency of partial evaluations. These problems can be solved either by storing only some learned constraints or by occasionally discarding constraints.
Bounded learning only stores constraints if the inconsistent partial evaluation they represent is smaller than a given constraint number. Relevance-bounded learning discards constraints (or does not store them at all) that are considered not relevant given the current point of the search space; in particular, it discards or does not store all constraints that represent inconsistent partial evaluations that differ from the current partial evaluation on no more than a given fixed number of variables.
See also
Look-ahead (backtracking)
Backjumping
References
Constraint programming |
4016644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20Stickney | Dorothy Stickney | Dorothy Stickney (June 21, 1896 – June 2, 1998) was an American film, stage and television actress, best known for appearing in the long running Broadway hit Life with Father.
Early years
Stickney was born in Dickinson, North Dakota, but because of a medical condition, she was unable to go into bright places and spent most of her childhood indoors to protect her sensitive eyes. Her introduction to reading came from family members who read the classics to her. Because she had difficulty reading, she focused on skills like dancing and elocution. She was fond of going to the theater with her family, and this sparked her interest in being an actress. Because of several eye surgeries, by her teens, Stickney was able to continue her education and pursue a career in the theater.
Stickney attended the North Western Dramatic School in Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Career
Stickney sang and danced as one of the four Southern Belles in vaudeville and began acting in summer stock companies including Atlanta's Forsyth Players in the early 1920s before she married Howard Lindsay. In 1927, Stickney and Lindsay were married, and the two stayed married until Lindsay's death in 1968.
Stickney made her Broadway debut in 1926 in The Squall and had a string of hits, frequently playing eccentric characters. She was Liz, the mad scrubwoman, in the original nonmusical version of Chicago, and Mollie Molloy, who dives out of the pressroom window, in The Front Page. With increasingly important roles, she moved on to Philip Goes Forth, Another Language, On Borrowed Time, The Small Hours, To Be Continued and The Honeys. In 1940, Stickney received the Barter Theatre Award for "outstanding performance for an American player" for her role as Vinnie in Life with Father, which had been written by her husband, Lindsay, who also co-starred. The award was presented to her by Eleanor Roosevelt.
She also appeared in some films and TV programs, and wrote several poems including "You're Not the Type" and "My Dressing Room". She played the Queen in the original 1957 TV production of Rodgers & Hammerstein's Cinderella, and later Aunt Abby in the 1962 Hallmark TV production of Arsenic and Old Lace, co-starring Boris Karloff.
In 1961, she was the second inductee of the North Dakota Roughrider Award. On November 16, 1966, Stickney appeared on ABC's Stage 67 anthology program in Stephen Sondheim's macabre television musical Evening Primrose as Mrs. Monday, the leader of the mannequins who come to life every evening in a department store. One of her later stage roles was as Berthe in the original Broadway run of Pippin from 1972 to 1977. She took over the role in 1973 from Irene Ryan, who died during the run. She created the role of Emily Baldwin, one of the Baldwin sisters, in the television film The Homecoming : A Christmas Story, which was the pilot for The Waltons.
In 1979, Stickney published Openings and Closings, a memoir that chronicled her long career as well as her secret battle with stage fright.
Stickney and Howard maintained a longtime home in Stanton, New Jersey.
Death
She died on June 2, 1998, in New York City. She had no children and no immediate family survivors.
Filmography
References
External links
Dorothy Stickney and Howard Lindsay papers and scrapbooks, 1931-1985, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
Dorothy Stickney and Howard Lindsay papers, additions, 1909-1985, held by the Billy Rose Theatre Division, New York Public Library for the Performing Arts
1896 births
1998 deaths
20th-century American actresses
Actresses from North Dakota
American centenarians
American film actresses
American stage actresses
American television actresses
People from Dickinson, North Dakota
People from Readington Township, New Jersey
Vaudeville performers
Women centenarians |
4016667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murders%20of%20Rachel%20and%20Lillian%20Entwistle | Murders of Rachel and Lillian Entwistle | Neil Entwistle (born September 18, 1978) is an English man convicted of murdering his American wife, Rachel, and their infant daughter, Lillian, on January 20, 2006, in Hopkinton, Massachusetts, United States. He was sentenced to life imprisonment without parole and is incarcerated at Old Colony Correctional Center in Bridgewater, Massachusetts.
Background
Neil Entwistle was born near Nottingham and attended the University of York, receiving a master's degree in electronic engineering. He grew up in Worksop with his parents, Clifford and Yvonne, and his younger brother Russell. Entwistle's home was working class; his father was a coal miner and his mother was a cook at a school canteen.
While at university, Entwistle met Rachel Souza, an American who was studying abroad. They married on August 23, 2003, in Plymouth. The couple moved to Worcestershire, where their daughter Lillian was born on April 9, 2005. Entwistle worked in computing and his wife as a teacher of English, Drama and Theatre Studies at St. Augustine's Catholic High School in Redditch. After migrating to the US, the couple stayed with Rachel's mother and stepfather, Joseph and Priscilla Matterazzo, in Carver, Massachusetts, before finding a house of their own in Hopkinton, located 26 miles (42 kilometers) west of Boston.
Murders
The bodies of 27-year-old Rachel and 9-month-old Lillian were found on 22 January 2006 in the master bedroom of the family's rented home, where they had been living for only ten days. Autopsy results showed that Rachel died of a gunshot wound to the head and Lillian of a gunshot wound to the torso. The bullet that passed through Lillian also pierced Rachel's left breast. The bullets were so small that the one in Rachel's head went undetected until the autopsy.
Hours after the deaths of his wife and daughter, Entwistle purchased a one-way ticket to London at about 5:00 a.m. (EST) on 21 January and boarded a British Airways flight that departed Boston at 8:15 a.m. His speedy departure from the crime scene was not the only reason he raised suspicion: Entwistle's DNA was found on the handle of the same .22 handgun owned by his father-in-law, Joseph Matterazzo, that he told authorities he had only used once, months earlier, while practising at Matterazzo's shooting club. DNA matching that of his wife was found on the gun's muzzle. A set of keys to Materazzo's house were found in the car Entwistle left at Boston's Logan International Airport.
A search of Entwistle's computer revealed that days before the murders, he had looked at a website that described "how to kill people" and searched for escort services. Contrary to outward appearances, Entwistle had been unemployed since September 2005 and was indebted at the time of the murders. Though he claimed an income of $10,000 per month from an "offshore account" set up by his previous employer in the UK, Entwistle had no such income or account. He was also more than $30,000 in credit card debt and was under investigation by eBay for numerous fraudulent transactions. Authorities suspected a financial motivation for the murders.
Investigation and evidence
On the evening of 21 January, the day after the murders are believed to have been committed, police officers visited the Entwistles' home after Rachel's friend reported her missing. Though the police conducted a cursory inspection of the house, they failed to notice Rachel's and Lillian's bodies, obscured under a pile of bedding in the master bedroom. A second and more thorough search the following evening discovered their bodies.
On 23 January, a Massachusetts State Police trooper called Entwistle at his parents' home in Worksop. The call lasted two hours and was recorded. Entwistle told the trooper that, on the morning of the murders, he had left his Hopkinton home at around 9:00 a.m. (EST) to run an errand and that his wife and daughter had both been alive and well, in the bed in the couple's master bedroom. He claimed that when he returned, at around 11:00 a.m., he found both had been shot dead, and had no idea who had killed them. Entwistle covered their bodies with a blanket and did not alert authorities. Entwistle claimed that he was so distraught upon seeing the corpses of his wife and daughter that he decided to kill himself. However, because he was unable to bring himself to end his life with a knife, he drove the family car to the Materazzos' house to get a .22LR caliber revolver. Finding the house locked, he told police that he decided to fly home to England to see his parents.
Police subsequently named Entwistle as a person of interest in the investigation, and later issued an international arrest warrant. On 9 February 2006, Entwistle was arrested on a London Underground train at Royal Oak station following a detailed search of his parents' house. After an initial request that he not be sent back to the US, he later agreed to be extradited. Middlesex County district attorney Martha Coakley (who had successfully prosecuted British au pair Louise Woodward in 1997) told a press conference after Entwistle's arrest:
Arrest and events prior to trial
Rachel and Lillian were buried in Evergreen Cemetery in Kingston, Massachusetts, with the surname Souza on their graves. They were buried in a single coffin. Lillian's birth and death certificates were edited to read "father unknown".
On 8 February 2006, a week after their funerals, Entwistle was arrested by the extradition unit of London's Metropolitan Police Service at Royal Oak station. He eventually waived his right to contest the extradition order and was returned to the US on 15 February where he was arraigned at Framingham District Court and ordered to be held without bail at Middlesex County jail in Cambridge. On 28 March, Entwistle was indicted on two counts of murder, the illegal possession of a firearm, and the illegal possession of ammunition. He pleaded not guilty. In December 2006, nearly a year after the murders, officers at the Middlesex County jail found letters from Entwistle to his parents and his legal team which indicated he was depressed and might be contemplating suicide. As a result, he was transferred to Bridgewater State Hospital for mental evaluation before being returned to Middlesex County. Forensic psychiatrist Christopher Cordess believed Asperger syndrome explained Entwistle's behavior, and Dr. David Holmes concurred.
After numerous delays, the Middlesex superior court began juror selection in June 2008. There were concerns that, due to the high-profile nature of the case, Entwistle would not receive a fair trial. Some media reported that potential jurors were indicating that they had already formed significant views on his guilt.
Trial and conviction
Entwistle's trial for double murder began on 2 June 2008 in Woburn, Massachusetts. His legal team, led by Elliot Weinstein, unsuccessfully fought proposals by the prosecution to use DNA evidence. He also unsuccessfully fought to suppress other evidence found in the family home, due to the lack of a warrant. Entwistle called no witnesses, nor did he testify in his own defense.
Entwistle was found guilty of all charges on 25 June 2008 and sentenced to life imprisonment without the possibility of parole, the mandatory sentence for first degree murder in the state of Massachusetts. Judge Diane Kottmyer made it clear that this was a whole life sentence, subject only to a governor's pardon or successful appeal. Kottmyer imposed two life sentences on the murder charges and ten years of probation on the firearms and ammunition charges, all to run concurrently, and the condition that he never profit from the sale of his story.
Entwistle was first incarcerated at the Souza-Baranowski Correctional Center. In August 2008, he was tricked into shaving his head in an attempt to secure the protection of a white supremacist prison gang. Instead of giving him protection, the gang had reportedly said: "It's a nice gesture on your part but we're gonna kill you." Entwistle was put into protective custody (i.e., Administrative Segregation or "AdSeg") as a result, and in December, he was transferred to Old Colony Correctional Center, a medium security prison in Bridgewater. The Department of Corrections confirmed that Entwistle's transfer was for his own safety, and that the threats against his life were quite serious.
Aftermath and appeals
Entwistle's conviction was automatically appealed to the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court. He arranged for a new lawyer to represent him in his appeal, since his original lawyer, Weinstein, was diagnosed with pancreatic cancer and dropped the case to focus on recovery. On appeal, Entwistle argued that the searches of the family home were carried out without warrants and the evidence seized as a result should have been suppressed during the trial. The appeal was rejected in August 2012. The U.S. Supreme Court declined to hear the case in January 2013. Entwistle has thus exhausted all of his appeals.
In October 2008, Entwistle's parents filed a complaint of harassment with the UK Press Complaints Commission (PCC) against their local newspaper, the Worksop Guardian; the complaint was rejected. His parents continue to insist that their son is innocent of the murders, that Rachel was the true killer and that he will eventually be cleared and released from prison. Entwistle's mother said after the trial: "The evidence points to Rachel murdering our grandchild and then committing suicide".
Media
In 2008, a book titled Heartless: The True Story of Neil Entwistle and the Cold Blooded Murder of His Wife and Child, was released by author Michele R. McPhee.
In December 2012, the British broadcaster Channel Five aired an Entwistle documentary entitled The Man Who Didn't Cry.
See also
Crime in Massachusetts
List of familicides in the United States
Sharpe family murders
Charles Stuart (murderer)
Scott Peterson
Watts family homicides
Federico murder case
References
External links
Neil Entwistle Murder Trial, a site maintained by the MetroWest Daily News covering the Entwistle case
Neil Entwistle Trial Resources
2006 in Massachusetts
2006 murders in the United States
January 2006 crimes
January 2006 events in the United States
Crimes in Massachusetts
Familicides
History of Middlesex County, Massachusetts
Hopkinton, Massachusetts
Incidents of violence against women
Violence against women in the United States
Deaths by firearm in Massachusetts
Deaths by person in Massachusetts
Female murder victims |
4016671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavia | Cavia | Cavia is a genus in the subfamily Caviinae that contains the rodents commonly known as guinea pigs or cavies. The best-known species in this genus is the domestic guinea pig, Cavia porcellus, a meat animal in South America and a common household pet outside of that continent.
Former taxonomic controversy
Cavia is classified in order Rodentia, although there was once a minority belief in the scientific community that evidence from mitochondrial DNA and proteins suggested the Hystricognathi might belong to a different evolutionary offshoot, and therefore a different order. If this had been so, it would have been an example of convergent evolution. However, this uncertainty is largely of historical interest, as abundant molecular genetic evidence now conclusively supports classification of Cavia as rodents. This evidence includes draft genome sequences of Cavia porcellus and several other rodents.
Species
Historically, there has been little consensus in regard to the number of Cavia forms and their taxonomic affiliations. Morphological characters differentiating between Cavia species are limited and levels of inter and intra specific morphologic variation have not been well documented, thus, interpretations have varied and resulted in very different taxonomic conclusions. Three scientists disagreed on the number of species, Tate(1935) recognized 11 species, while Cabrera(1961) recognized 7, and Huckinghaus(1961) recognized only 3. Recent scientific compilations have generally followed either Cabrera or Huckinghaus.
At least five wild species of guinea pig are recognised, in addition to the domestic form:
Cavia aperea – Brazilian guinea pig, widespread east of the Andes
Cavia fulgida – shiny guinea pig, eastern Brazil
Cavia intermedia – intermediate guinea pig, Moleques do Sul islands, Santa Catarina, Brazil, first described in 1999
Cavia magna – greater guinea pig, Uruguay, southeast Brazil
Cavia porcellus – domestic guinea pig, wild ancestor is likely:
Cavia tschudii – montane guinea pig, Peru south to northern Chile and northwest Argentina
Some authors also recognise the following additional species:
Cavia anolaimae (often considered a synonym of C. porcellus or a subspecies of C. aparea) – Colombia
Cavia guianae (often considered a synonym of C. porcellus or a subspecies of C. aparea) – Venezuela, Guyana, Brazil
Cavia patzelti (often considered a synonym of C. aparea) - Ecuador
In addition, four fossil species have been identified:
†Cavia cabrerai - early Pliocene Argentina
†Cavia galileoi - late Pliocene Argentina
†Cavia lamingae - late Pleistocene Brazil
†Cavia vates - late Pleistocene Brazil
References
External links
Cavies
Rodents of South America
Mammals of the Andes
Pleistocene rodents
Quaternary mammals of South America
Middle Pleistocene
Extant Pleistocene first appearances
Rodent genera
Taxa named by Peter Simon Pallas |
4016672 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennsylvania%20Route%2028 | Pennsylvania Route 28 | Pennsylvania Route 28 (PA 28) is a major state highway which runs for from Anderson Street in Pittsburgh to U.S. Route 219 (US 219) in Brockway in Pennsylvania. From Pittsburgh to Kittanning it is a limited access expressway named the Alexander H. Lindsay Memorial Highway or the Allegheny Valley Expressway.
Route description
PA 28 begins adjacent to Downtown Pittsburgh at Anderson Street near the Interstate 279 (I-279)/I-579 interchange and travels north/northeast along the northern bank of the Allegheny River. Until recently the route was a surface street for the first until the 40th Street Bridge and then an expressway from 40th Street to Kittanning. Upgrades in 2013 made it a limited-access highway throughout its in the Pittsburgh metropolitan area from the route's start at I-279 to Rayburn Township, Armstrong County, with Governor Tom Corbett attending the completion ceremony on November 17, 2014.
In Etna, PA 28 interchanges with Pennsylvania Route 8 at exit 5 before departing the Blue Belt, which PA 28 is part of from I-279/I-579 to this point, at exit 6 near Aspinwall. Near Harmar Township, PA 28 meets Pennsylvania Route 910 at exit 11 which provided access to Interstate 76 (the Pennsylvania Turnpike). From exit 11 to U.S. Route 422 west of Kittanning, PA 28 has eight interchanges, including exits with Pittsburgh Mills Boulevard (exit 12A), Pennsylvania Route 366 (exit 14), and Pennsylvania Route 356 (exit 17), while continuing to parallel the Allegheny to the east. Exit 18 consists of Pennsylvania Route 128 crossing or which used to be old 28 before the expressway. At exit 19, PA 28 merges with the limited-access US 422 and heads east along US 422 as it proceeds south of West Kittanning.
Upon crossing the Allegheny River and entering Kittanning, US 422 and PA 28 interchange with Pennsylvania Route 66. PA 66 then joins the concurrency for two miles (3 km) to an exit with U.S. Route 422 Business southeast of downtown Kittanning. Here, US 422 leaves the freeway and heads east toward Indiana while PA 28 and PA 66 remain concurrent as they progress northward.
The freeway ends with a concurrency with Pennsylvania Route 66. In Rayburn Township, PA 28/PA 66 intersects the western terminus of Pennsylvania Route 85. After PA 85, PA 28/PA 66 head towards the northeast. In South Bethlehem, PA 28/PA 66 become North Street and Broad Street then intersecting the northern terminus of Pennsylvania Route 839.
After crossing Redbank Creek, PA 28/PA 66 enters Clarion County and New Bethlehem. In downtown New Bethlehem, PA 66 splits off from PA 28 and making the PA 28/PA 66 concurrency one of the longest concurrencies in Pennsylvania. After the split, PA 28 heads northeast as Broad Street paralleling Redbank Creek. In Hawthorn, PA 28 is called Brookville Street and meets the western terminus of Pennsylvania Route 536. North of PA 536, PA 28 begins to slide to the north instead of the northeast.
In Summerville, PA 28's course begins to slide towards the northeast again and in Summerville, PA 28 is called Harrison Street. In Clover and Rose townships, PA 28 parallels many railroads tracks that even cross it. In Brookville, PA 28 has a wrong-way concurrency with U.S. Route 322 and Pennsylvania Route 36. The reason of the wrong-way concurrency is that PA 28 is heading north while PA 36 is heading south on the concurrency with US 322. In downtown Brookville, PA 36 splits off from US 322/PA 28. Then after crossing North Fork Creek, US 322/PA 28 meet the southern terminus of the former Pennsylvania Route 968. East of here, US 322 splits off from PA 28 at a "T" interchange. East of Brookville in Pine Creek Township, PA 28 intersects Interstate 80 at exit 81 a diamond interchange. North of I-80, PA 28 continues north as a local road without intersecting another route for more than . PA 28 passes through the many wildlife in Pennsylvania through a forest region. In Brockway, PA 28 is called Main Street before terminating (ending) at a "T" intersection with U.S. Route 219.
History
The highway was signed in 1927 from Pittsburgh to Kittanning. It is named after Alexander Lindsay, a lawyer who lived in South Buffalo and commuted to work in Pittsburgh: he successfully lobbied for the city to be connected to the proposed Keystone Shortway (I-80).
The highway was extended north to Brockway in 1928. In 1928, the route was under construction from Blawnox to Cheswick, Troy Hill Road to Oakland, and Hazen to Reitz Crossing Road. Those sections were completed the following year. In 1929, the section from Avella to Woodrow and from Hickory to Fort Cherry Road was under construction and finished the following year. In 1930, the section from Skyline Road to PA 18 was paved as well as in Venice. That year the western terminus was moved from Avella to Independence.
In 1958, the highway was widened and a median installed at the interchange with the Turnpike. On July 15, 1960, the highway's southern terminus was moved from Independence to PA 8 in Etna. The former section of PA 28 from South Main Street in the West End Valley to the intersection of Noblestown Road and Crafton Boulevard in Crafton Heights was redesignated as PA 60. The remaining 83-mile stretch from Crafton Heights to Independence was renumbered PA 50. This designation change was made to reduce the number of concurrent routes in Pittsburgh. The changes took effect a few months later and signs were changed by spring 1961.
In 1963, this section opened to traffic from PA 8 north to the Highland Park Bridge interchange and the following year to Blawnox. Also that year, the Pittsburgh Area Transportation Plan recommended upgrading PA 28 and then PA 8, to a six-lane, limited-access highway starting west of the 31st Street Bridge and ending at the 40th Street Bridge. Full interchanges would be constructed at both bridges; however, this recommendation was not carried out. It also laid out a plan that would turn PA 28 into an expressway from Pittsburgh to Brookville, this too was not carried out.
In 1964, the highway was widened and a median installed on it between Brackenridge and the Butler County line. In 1968, construction began on the section from Blawnox to PA 910. The expressway was proposed from that point to the Butler County line. Construction also began on the section from Slate Lick to near Center Hill in the same year. In 1965, the route was moved from Courthouse Road into Kittanning to bypass the borough on its current alignment. In 1969, construction commenced on the section from PA 910 to Exit 12 and from Exit 16 to PA 356 and the Armstrong County line.
The start of the 1970s saw the construction extend from Exit 16 all the way to a new expressway alignment for US 422, also under construction, near West Kittanning. In 1971, construction commenced on the section from Exit 15 to Exit 16. In 1972, the expressway opened to traffic from Blawnox to PA 910 and from Exit 15 to US 422. However, PA 28's designation was not placed on the section from Exit 15 to Exit 16. The following year, the expressway opened from PA 910 to Exit 12.
In 1973, the route was extended to end at US 19/PA 65 at Chateau Street via Western Avenue and East Ohio Street.
In 1975, construction commenced on the section from Exit 12 to north of Tarentum; during the following year, the construction was extended to Exit 15. In 1978, the PA 28 designation was routed onto the newly opened highway from Exit 11 to Exit 12 and from Exit 15 to Exit 16. The PA 28 designation still followed Freeport Road to connect between Exit 12 and Exit 15.
In 1980, the expressway opened from Exit 12 to Exit 13 and the PA 28 designation was moved onto this section. In 1984, the route was changed to follow Western Avenue, Allegheny Avenue, North Shore Drive, General Robinson Street, and Madison Avenue for northbound traffic, and Reedsdale Street for southbound traffic in Pittsburgh. The final section of the Allegheny Valley Expressway between Exit 13 and Exit 15 opened in 1985. During the 1980s, through traffic in each direction at the Highland Park Bridge interchange was reduced to one lane due to heavy demand for the bridge itself.
In 2011, the southbound lanes of PA 28 were shifted to bypass the intersection of the 40th Street Bridge, while the northbound lanes remained under the bridge. In 2012, an excavation lowered the roadbed of PA 28 at the 31st Street Bridge.
Though technically limited access for its first two miles near downtown Pittsburgh since the 2012 construction, all lanes were clear of lane closures and construction by November, 2014 when Governor Tom Corbett attended the official groundbreaking ceremony to celebrate all 44.5 miles being expressway-grade. The widening included a small park with a promenade and a retaining wall which features several murals on the city's history, including that of the Saint Nicholas Croatian Catholic Church on the aforementioned structure's site.
On December 12, 2017, PennDOT announced that they planned on widening PA 28 at the Highland Park interchange to have two through lanes on each side while having a designated exit and entrance lanes for the bridge, with work scheduled to start in 2020 with some residual work lasting into 2021. The only other thing keeping PA-28 from having the possibility of receiving an interstate designation are the 45-mph speed limits near the Millvale and Etna Exits, as well as the section of the southbound one-lane expressway between Exit 9 (Blawnox Exit), and Exit 8,(Waterworks Exit). If these are ever to be upgraded to Interstate Highway standards, PA 28 will be up to Interstate Highway standards from its southern terminus all the way to Kittanning, and could potentially receive an Interstate designation in the future.
Major intersections
PA 28 Truck
Pennsylvania Route 28 Truck is a truck route in Brookville, Jefferson County, Pennsylvania. As Route 28 travels through the Brookville city center, it becomes a narrow main street and features a relatively sharp turn just west of the bridge over North Fork Creek. As a result, after the completion of Interstate 80, Route 28's truck traffic was shifted onto this freeway bypass from Exit 78 at Pennsylvania Route 36 (which Truck 28 is cosigned for its first 1/2 mile of existence) to Exit 81, where Route 28 meets the highway.
See also
References
External links
PA 28 Exit List
Pennsylvania Highways - Pennsylvania Route 28
028
Limited-access roads in Pennsylvania
Freeways in the United States
Transportation in Allegheny County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Armstrong County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Butler County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Clarion County, Pennsylvania
Transportation in Jefferson County, Pennsylvania |
4016688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word%20wall | Word wall | A word wall is a literacy tool composed of an organized (typically in alphabetical order) collection of words which are displayed in large visible letters on a wall, bulletin board, or other display surface in a classroom. The word wall is designed to be an interactive tool for students or others to use, and contains an array of words that can be used during writing and/or reading.
Although typically associated with reading/writing instruction, word walls are becoming commonplace in classrooms for all subject areas due to their ability to foster phonemic awareness, display connections throughout word "families" (such as "-ick" words), serve as a support/reference for students, as well as create meaningful/understandable/memorable experiences with new vocabulary words, it can help you create work better for school, work and personal.
Due to their flexible nature and ability to "grow" alongside the students, word walls can be used in classrooms ranging from pre-school through high school.
Word walls are considered to be interactive and collaborative tools, as they are a student-created and student-centered artifact. Many variations of the word wall are currently in existence, including those featuring illustrations of the words and color-coded lists.
References
culture |
4016710 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Software%20project%20management | Software project management | Software project management is an art and science of planning and leading software projects. It is a sub-discipline of project management in which software projects are planned, implemented, monitored and controlled.
History
In the 1970s and 1980s, the software industry grew very quickly, as computer companies quickly recognized the relatively low cost of software production compared to hardware production and circuitry. To manage new development efforts, companies applied the established project management methods, but project schedules slipped during test runs, especially when confusion occurred in the gray zone between the user specifications and the delivered software. To be able to avoid these problems, software project management methods focused on matching user requirements to delivered products, in a method known now as the waterfall model.
As the industry has matured, analysis of software project management failures has shown that the following are the most common causes:
Insufficient end-user involvement
Poor communication among customers, developers, users and project managers
Unrealistic or unarticulated project goals
Inaccurate estimates of needed resources
Badly defined or incomplete system requirements and specifications
Poor reporting of the project's status
Poorly managed risks
Use of immature technology
Inability to handle the project's complexity
Sloppy development practices
Stakeholder politics (e.g. absence of executive support, or politics between the customer and end-users)
Commercial pressures
The first five items in the list above show the difficulties articulating the needs of the client in such a way that proper resources can deliver the proper project goals. Specific software project management tools are useful and often necessary, but the true art in software project management is applying the correct method and then using tools to support the method. Without a method, tools are worthless. Since the 1960s, several proprietary software project management methods have been developed by software manufacturers for their own use, while computer consulting firms have also developed similar methods for their clients. Today software project management methods are still evolving, but the current trend leads away from the waterfall model to a more cyclic project delivery model that imitates a software development process.
Software development process
A software development process is concerned primarily with the production aspect of software development, as opposed to the technical aspect, such as software tools. These processes exist primarily for supporting the management of software development, and are generally skewed toward addressing business concerns. Many software development processes can be run in a similar way to general project management processes. Examples are:
Interpersonal communication and conflict management and resolution. Active, frequent and honest communication is the most important factor in increasing the likelihood of project success and mitigating problematic projects. The development team should seek end-user involvement and encourage user input in the development process. Not having users involved can lead to misinterpretation of requirements, insensitivity to changing customer needs, and unrealistic expectations on the part of the client. Software developers, users, project managers, customers and project sponsors need to communicate regularly and frequently. The information gained from these discussions allows the project team to analyze the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats (SWOT) and to act on that information to benefit from opportunities and to minimize threats. Even bad news may be good if it is communicated relatively early, because problems can be mitigated if they are not discovered too late. For example, casual conversation with users, team members, and other stakeholders may often surface potential problems sooner than formal meetings. All communications need to be intellectually honest and authentic, and regular, frequent, high quality criticism of development work is necessary, as long as it is provided in a calm, respectful, constructive, non-accusatory, non-angry fashion. Frequent casual communications between developers and end-users, and between project managers and clients, are necessary to keep the project relevant, useful and effective for the end-users, and within the bounds of what can be completed. Effective interpersonal communication and conflict management and resolution are the key to software project management. No methodology or process improvement strategy can overcome serious problems in communication or mismanagement of interpersonal conflict. Moreover, outcomes associated with such methodologies and process improvement strategies are enhanced with better communication. The communication must focus on whether the team understands the project charter and whether the team is making progress towards that goal. End-users, software developers and project managers must frequently ask the elementary, simple questions that help identify problems before they fester into near-disasters. While end-user participation, effective communication and teamwork are not sufficient, they are necessary to ensure a good outcome, and their absence will almost surely lead to a bad outcome.
Risk management is the process of measuring or assessing risk and then developing strategies to manage the risk. In general, the strategies employed include transferring the risk to another party, avoiding the risk, reducing the negative effect of the risk, and accepting some or all of the consequences of a particular risk. Risk management in software project management begins with the business case for starting the project, which includes a cost-benefit analysis as well as a list of fallback options for project failure, called a contingency plan.
A subset of risk management is Opportunity Management, which means the same thing, except that the potential risk outcome will have a positive, rather than a negative impact. Though theoretically handled in the same way, using the term "opportunity" rather than the somewhat negative term "risk" helps to keep a team focused on possible positive outcomes of any given risk register in their projects, such as spin-off projects, windfalls, and free extra resources.
Requirements management is the process of identifying, eliciting, documenting, analyzing, tracing, prioritizing and agreeing on requirements and then controlling change and communicating to relevant stakeholders. New or altered computer system Requirements management, which includes Requirements analysis, is an important part of the software engineering process; whereby business analysts or software developers identify the needs or requirements of a client; having identified these requirements they are then in a position to design a solution.
Change management is the process of identifying, documenting, analyzing, prioritizing and agreeing on changes to scope (project management) and then controlling changes and communicating to relevant stakeholders. Change impact analysis of new or altered scope, which includes Requirements analysis at the change level, is an important part of the software engineering process; whereby business analysts or software developers identify the altered needs or requirements of a client; having identified these requirements they are then in a position to re-design or modify a solution. Theoretically, each change can impact the timeline and budget of a software project, and therefore by definition must include risk-benefit analysis before approval.
Software configuration management is the process of identifying, and documenting the scope itself, which is the software product underway, including all sub-products and changes and enabling communication of these to relevant stakeholders. In general, the processes employed include version control, naming convention (programming), and software archival agreements.
Release management is the process of identifying, documenting, prioritizing and agreeing on releases of software and then controlling the release schedule and communicating to relevant stakeholders. Most software projects have access to three software environments to which software can be released; Development, Test, and Production. In very large projects, where distributed teams need to integrate their work before releasing to users, there will often be more environments for testing, called unit testing, system testing, or integration testing, before release to User acceptance testing (UAT).
A subset of release management that is gaining attention is Data Management, as obviously the users can only test based on data that they know, and "real" data is only in the software environment called "production". In order to test their work, programmers must therefore also often create "dummy data" or "data stubs". Traditionally, older versions of a production system were once used for this purpose, but as companies rely more and more on outside contributors for software development, company data may not be released to development teams. In complex environments, datasets may be created that are then migrated across test environments according to a test release schedule, much like the overall software release schedule.
Maintenance and update is the process where Requirements and customer needs are always involving. They will undoubtedly find bugs, may request new features and ask for different functionality and more updates. So, all of these requests need to check and fulfill the customer's requirements and satisfaction.
Project planning, execution, monitoring and control
The purpose of project planning is to identify the scope of the project, estimate the work involved, and create a project schedule. Project planning begins with requirements that define the software to be developed. The project plan is then developed to describe the tasks that will lead to completion. The project execution is the process of completing the tasks defined in the project plan.
The purpose of project monitoring and control is to keep the team and management up to date on the project's progress. If the project deviates from the plan, then the project manager can take action to correct the problem. Project monitoring and control involves status meetings to gather status from the team. When changes need to be made, change control is used to keep the products up to date.
Issue
In computing, the term "issue" is a unit of work to accomplish an improvement in a system. An issue could be a bug, a requested feature, task, missing documentation, and so forth.
For example, OpenOffice.org used to call their modified version of Bugzilla IssueZilla. , they call their system Issue Tracker.
Severity levels
Issues are often categorized in terms of severity levels. Different companies have different definitions of severities, but some of the most common ones are:
High
The bug or issue affects a crucial part of a system, and must be fixed in order for it to resume normal operation.
Medium
The bug or issue affects a minor part of a system, but has some impact on its operation. This severity level is assigned when a non-central requirement of a system is affected.
Low / Fixed
The bug or issue affects a minor part of a system, and has very little impact on its operation. This severity level is assigned when a non-central requirement of a system (and with lower importance) is affected.
Trivial (cosmetic, aesthetic)
The system works correctly, but the appearance does not match the expected one. For example: wrong colors, too much or too little spacing between contents, incorrect font sizes, typos, etc. This is the lowest severity issue.
Issue management
In many software companies, issues are often investigated by quality assurance analysts when they verify a system for correctness, and then assigned to the developer(s) that are responsible for resolving them. They can also be assigned by system users during the User Acceptance Testing (UAT) phase.
Issues are communicated using Issue or Defect Tracking Systems. In some other cases, emails or instant messengers are used.
Philosophy
As a subdiscipline of project management, some regard the management of software development akin to the management of manufacturing, which can be performed by someone with management skills, but no programming skills. John C. Reynolds rebuts this view, and argues that software development is entirely design work, and compares a manager who cannot program to the managing editor of a newspaper who cannot write.
References
General
External links
Resources on Software Project Management from Dan Galorath
Project failure |
4016719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bela%20Vista%20de%20Goi%C3%A1s | Bela Vista de Goiás | Bela Vista de Goiás is a city located in central Goiás state in Brazil.
Location
It is 45 kilometers from the state capital of Goiânia
The municipality has boundaries with Hidrolândia, Caldazinha, Aparecida de Goiânia, Senador Canedo, and Silvânia. It is part of the Goiânia Microregion, which has more than one million seven hundred thousand inhabitants.
Bela Vista de Goiás is crossed by the following rivers and streams: Meia Ponte River, Caldas, Piracanjuba, Boa Vista, Arapuca, Sozinha, São José, Aborrecido, Nuelo, Barro Amarelo, São Bento, Furado, Sucuri and Boa Vistinha.
Demographic and political data
Population density: 16.15 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Population growth rate: 1.01% (2000-2007)
Population in 2007: 20,615
Population in 1980: 17,255
Population in 1991: 17,316
Urban population: 14,296 (2007)
Rural population: 6,319 (2007)
Urban and rural population in 1990: 6,010 inhab / 11,245 inhab
Eligible voters: 15,970 (2007)
City government in 2007: mayor (Wilson Marcos Teles), vice-mayor (Sônia Maria Moreira Gonçalves), and 09 councilpersons
Economy
During the period of 1930 to 1950 Bela Vista was famous for its tobacco production and was called the "Tobacco capital of Brazil"". Low international prices caused the gradual abandonment of this crop and today the economy is more diversified with fruit production, milk, and the poultry industry.
There is a large herd of cattle—113,620 head in 2006, of which 21,590 were milking cows.
It is one of the largest producers of milk in the state and has two milk processing units. There are approximately eight thousand milk producers, of whom 70% are small farmers. Milk production was over 30 million liters a year in 2003.
The main employer of the region is Granja Saito, a producer of poultry. Poultry production, besides being the mainstay of the economy, stimulates the local production of corn, soybeans, and wheat. According to IBGE there were 1,390,000 chickens in the region. Egg production was 27,104 dozens a year (2006)
Agricultural products
The main agricultural products in 2006 were bananas, coffee, coconut, citrus fruits, rice, manioc, corn, and soybeans.
Source: IBGE
Sectors of employment (2003)
The main economic employers in 2003 were:
agriculture and cattle raising: 523 workers
transformation industries: 689 workers
construction: 231 workers
commerce: 278 units employing 782 workers
public administration: 415 workers
Financial institutions
02 in 2007—Banco do Brasil S.A. and Banco Itaú S.A.
Health
Infant mortality in 2000: 22.68
Infant mortality in 1990: 28.50
Hospitals: 02 with 59 beds in 2007
Education
Literacy rate in 2000: 87.7
Literacy rate in 1991: 80.3
There were 27 schools with 5,980 students enrolled in 2006
See Sepin for data on municipalities in Goiás.
Human Development Index: 0.744
State ranking: 92 (out of 242 municipalities)
National ranking: 2,052 (out of 5,507 municipalities)
Data are from 2000
Historic structures
Bela Vista de Goiás is home to a number of structures of the late 19th century. The House of Senador Canedo was designated a national monument by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN) in 1986.
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás |
4016735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piasecki%20Aircraft | Piasecki Aircraft | The Piasecki Aircraft Corporation (PiAC) is a manufacturer of aircraft, principally advanced rotorcraft. It was founded by American vertical flight pioneer Frank Piasecki to develop compound helicopters and other advanced rotorcraft after he was ousted from the leadership of his first company, Piasecki Helicopter.
History
The company's origins dated back to 1936 with the formation of the P-V Engineering Forum in 1940 and it was renamed the Piasecki Helicopter Corporation in 1946. After a falling out with other owners, Frank Piasecki and some of his design team left to form Piasecki Aircraft Corporation in 1955.
The Piasecki Aircraft Corporation is based in Essington, Pennsylvania and is run by Frank Piasecki's sons; Frederick Weyerhaeuser Piasecki is chairman and John Weyerhaeuser Piasecki is president and CEO.
In 2005, the company was selected by the United States Army as the prime contractor for two Future Combat Systems (FCS) unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) systems The FCS Class III UAV system contract was awarded to the company in late 2006 following a competitive downselect of four competing technologies. As part of that effort, the company flew the world's first autonomous autogyro.
The company was the successful bidder when the US Navy’s Naval Air Systems Command awarded a demonstration contract to serve as a testbed to validate the "Vectored Thrust Ducted Propeller" system. Piasecki developed and flight-tested the X-49 experimental compound helicopter, with its first flight in 2007, later completing all Phase 1 requirements.
Piasecki bid on the Future Vertical Lift program, but was not chosen when that project moved into its Joint Multi-Role Technology Demonstrator (JMR-TD) phase in 2013.
Products
See also
Piasecki Helicopter
References
Notes
Bibliography
Trimble, William F. High Frontier: A History of Aeronautics in Pennsylvania. Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania: University of Pittsburgh Press, 1982. .
External links
Piasecki Aircraft Corporation
World's First Autonomous Autogyro
FCS Entries
Helicopter manufacturers of the United States |
4016738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nafanua | Nafanua | Nafanua was a historical ali'i (chief/queen) and toa (warrior) of Samoa from the Sā Tonumaipe'ā clan, who took four pāpā (district) titles, the leading ali'i titles of Samoa. After her death she became a goddess in Polynesian religion.
There are historical and mythological traditions about Nafanua's family and life. She reportedly played a crucial role in the civil wars between the districts of eastern and western Savai’i.
Life
Family
According to Samoan mythology, she was the daughter of Saveasi'uleo, also considered a demigod, the Ali'i of Pulotu. Pulotu was both a historical place, and a place of the afterlife for the warriors of Samoa (comparable to the Viking concept of Valhalla). In one tradition, Nafanua's mother was Tilafaiga the sister of Taema, the legendary conjoined twins, whom brought the malu tattoo here in Samoa.
Adulthood
Nafanua was bestowed the title of Toa / Toa Tama'ita'i (or Warrior Princess) for avenging her uncle and bringing peace to Savai'i through military victories. Her village was located on the western side of the island of Savai’i.
During Nafanua's time, the eastern and western sides of Savai’i were engaged in a war for the land and title of the entire island. In Samoan culture, a family is more prestigious if they own a lot of land; and family members (especially males) receive greater titles and a bigger share of the land. According to oral tradition, when High Chief Lilomaiava caught anyone from the east side on the west side of the island, he would force them to climb a coconut tree upside-down as a public punishment
One of the villagers that Lilomaiava caught was Ta'i'i, the uncle of Nafanua and the older brother of Saveasi’uleo. Ta’i'i was punished and was forced to climb the coconut tree feet first. As he was climbing the coconut tree, the pain and humiliation caused him to sigh loudly. Ta'i'i's sighs were overheard by Saveasi'uleo and Nafanua. This made Savesi’uleo angry; consequently he told Nafanua to prepare for war and to cut down the Toa tree. The wood from the tree was to be used to make weapons to drive away Lilomaiava and his army.
She made the following four weapons from the Toa (also known as Koa) wood. They are as follows:
1. Ta Fesilafa'i - This was her first and primary weapon and she used it most of the time during the battle. It's shaped like a wide hook facing side out and has three to four pointed sharp teeth facing side ways. During wartime, this weapon is plain and not painted or decorated.
2. Fa'auli'ulito - This is the weapon that Nafanua had made and given to Matuna and Matuna (her adopted parents) to use while fighting. She asked them to attack the enemy from the side, so that she could meet the enemy in the middle and try to reach a compromise of peace and harmony. She waned Matuna and Matuna to be careful as it was difficult for her to spot the enemy, and in the end, she had accidentally killed her adopted parents. As for the shape of the weapon, it looks like a plain stick but has a rounded, thick, heavy and wide edge.
3. Ulimasao - This is a weapon is considered a stand-by weapon to be used to end war and bring peace. The word "Ulimasao" also means driving safely. It is shaped like a canoe paddle with round, smooth sides and one pointed edge.
4. Fa'amategataua - This weapon is a second reserve weapon and is considered to be the most dangerous weapon of them all. In fact, according to the late Silivelio Suafo'a (orator of this legend), this war club was never meant to be used. It was fortunate that Nafanua did not need to use the fourth weapon called “Weapon of Death”. Legend has it that tt is so powerful that if used it would kill everyone including her family. This weapon It is shaped like a spear but has teeth on both sides. The number of teeth varies from five to seven.
These weapons are now considered the traditional Samoan weapons, and are used today more so as decorative objects, in remembrance of our history.
The war ended because Nafanua’s apana (shirt) was blown upward by the wind revealing her breasts. Up to this time the men did not know she was a woman. When they discovered that she was a woman, they decided to end the war. They felt humiliated because there was only one woman among several men fighting the war. This concludes the story about the Goddess of War, Nafanua, who was famous throughout Samoa, especially on the island of Savai'i.
Suafoa – Taua’i
Immediately Nafanua cut down the Toa tree and left it there to dry. A few days later, she returned to the area where the Toa tree was cut and discovered that the tree had attracted many Pule (seashells). "E gase toa ae ola pule". Literally this means that the shells are living but the Toa tree is dead. But metaphorically speaking, although we have great strength and power as human beings, we do not succeed if we do not have wisdom to make a good, solid decision. It takes courage to make wise decisions.
Before leaving for battle Saveasi'uleo ordered Nafanua, "A pa'ia le pa i Fu'alaga, a'e le tuli au'a le Ali'i o Aiga". This translates to Nafanua being ordered to STOP the killing when she reached the village of Fualaga. Over the course of battle, Nafanua forced the enemy back to the border of their own territory. One tradition holds that she forgot her father's order, and it was only when the wind blew strong enough to lift her tiputa (coverings) that she remembered. The enemy warriors surrendered in shame when they realised that they had been outclassed by a woman. There are a few different interpretations of some of the events, but Nafanua is widely accepted in Polynesia as one of the greatest warriors.
After her victory, Nafanua took possession of the four major chiefly titles of the district: Tui Atua, Tui A‘ana, Gato‘aitele, and Tamasoali‘i, reconstituting the fa’amatai (chiefly system of government) that continues in Samoa today.
Falealupo
In Samoa, the village of Falealupo on the western side of Savai'i is the home of Nafanua. Falealupo is also the site of the entryway into the spirit world Pulotu. Often chiefs from distant villages and islands would come to Falealupo to seek Nafanua's blessings before beginning any military adventure. In 1989, the Chiefs and Orators of Falealupo bestowed the title of Nafanua on ethnobotanist Paul Alan Cox for his conservation efforts in protecting the Samoan rainforest. The title was formally registered with the Samoan Lands and Title Court.
It was in Falealupo, one tradition holds, that Nafanua foretold the coming of Christianity. After years of war, Malietoa Fitisemanu wanted to unite Samoa and end the bloodshed, so he came to Nafanua. After many days, Nafanua prophesied onto Malietoa Fitisemanu, "Fa'atali i lagi se ao o lou malo" ("Wait on the heavens for a crown for your kingdom"). In 1830, the missionary John Williams arrived on the shores (matani'u feagaimaleata) of Sapapali'i and brought the bible from his boat into the hands of Malietoa Vainu'upo, the son of Malietoa Fitisemanu. Thus, Malietoa Vainu'upo became known as "The King whom Samoa listens to". King Malietoa became one of the kings of Samoa and he was instrumental in uniting all of Samoa. These events were considered by many to have fulfilled Nafanua's prophecy.
Other references
Nafanua Volcano, an active underwater volcanic cone in American Samoa
Nafanua, is the name of a Pacific Forum patrol vessel operated by the Western Samoa Police Department. It was provided to Western Samoa by the Australian Government as part of the Pacific Patrol Boat Program.
Nafanua, the name of the Congregational Christian Church of Samoa - Avondale, Auckland, New Zealand.
See also
Military of Samoa
History of Samoa
Samoa
Salamasina
References
Samoan deities
Legendary Polynesian people
Polynesian goddesses
History of Samoa
Samoan chiefs
16th-century women rulers
War goddesses
Women in war in Oceania |
4016739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Junior%20B%20Lacrosse%20League | Ontario Junior B Lacrosse League | The Ontario Junior B Lacrosse League (OJBLL) is a box lacrosse league sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association in Canada. The league features twenty-five teams in Ontario, one in Quebec, and one in the Akwesasne (which straddles the two aforementioned provinces and New York) that annually play a 20-game schedule and four rounds of playoffs for the J. A. MacDonald Trophy. After the conclusion of the playoffs, a league champion represents the OJBLL at the Founders Cup National Junior B Championship.
History
The Ontario Junior B Lacrosse League of the Ontario Lacrosse Association has been around since at least 1965. The OJBLL compete for the J. A. MacDonald Trophy annually at the provincial level. At the national level, the OJBLL has been extremely dominant at the Founders Cup tournament only losing out to other leagues a handful of times in the last 40+ years.
Players from the OJBLL and the Ontario Junior A Lacrosse League are often drafted straight into the professional levels of lacrosse, the National Lacrosse League and Canadian Lacrosse League.
The league has changed formats few times in the last few decades. The league has played with no divisions (1990) and with as many as seven (2005). In the past few years, the league has expanded to Oakville, Windsor, London, Cornwall, Hamilton, Niagara, Markham, Orangeville, and Welland. Also, for the 2007 season, the City of Caledon applied to resurrect its old Caledon Bandits franchise, but was offered a spot in the new OLA Junior C Lacrosse League in 2008. Kahnawake Hunters joined the OLA Junior B League in 2009 after not fielding a team in the OLA or Iroquois League for five years. In 2012, the Brampton Excelsiors joined the OJBLL.
Clarington Green Gaels had a run between 1998 and 2004 when the Gaels won four Founders Cups Canadian Junior B titles and two J. A. MacDonald Trophy championships. Of the more recent expansion of the league, the Oakville Buzz have been the most remarkable franchise to be built. In 2006, the Buzz team went 19-1 and strolled through the playoffs with little opposition. The Buzz went undefeated at the Founders Cup and crushed the hopes of the host Windsor AKO Fratmen, beating them by a score of 10-4 in the final. Oakville made the jump to Junior A for the 2019 season.
Six Nations Rebels dominated the league from 2007 through 2014, winning five league championships (2007, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013) and six Founders Cups (2007, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, and 2014).
Orangeville continued the league success at Founders Cup winning back-to-back titles in 2016 and 2017. Elora Mohawks kept the OJBLL streak alive when they captured gold at the 2018 national championship. It would mark the sixth gold medal in the history of the Mohawks.
Teams
Champions
Overall champions are bolded. In three-division years, the italics denote finals runner-up. Champion moves on to the Founders Cup national championship.
(*) denotes that OLA championship was awarded through a superior record at Founders Cup/Castrol Cup tournament.
Former teams
Barrie Tornado (Relocated to Orillia in 2009 in return getting Orillia Junior A franchise in Barrie)
Brantford Posse (Folded after 2002 season)
Huntsville Hawks (Moved to Junior C in 2011)
Kitchener-Waterloo Braves (Moved to Junior A in 1991)
Mimico Mountaineers (Mississauga Junior A moved to Mimico in 2015 folding Mimico Junior B)
Mississauga Tomahawks (Moved to Junior A in 1988)
Oakville Buzz (Moved to Junior A in 2019)
Onondaga Redhawks (Folded after 2003 season)
Orangeville Northmen (Moved to Junior A in 1991)
Six Nations Arrows (Moved to Junior A in 1990)
Toronto Beaches (Folded after 1983 season)
Windsor Warlocks (Folded after 1985 season)
References
External links
OJBLL website
The Bible of Lacrosse
Ontario Lacrosse Association
Lacrosse leagues in Canada
Sports leagues established in 1965
1965 establishments in Ontario |
4016767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Draper | Theodore Draper | Theodore H. Draper (September 11, 1912 – February 21, 2006) was an American historian and political writer. Draper is best known for the 14 books he completed during his life, including work regarded as seminal on the formative period of the American Communist Party, the Cuban Revolution, and the Iran–Contra Affair. Draper was a fellow of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and the 1990 recipient of the Herbert Feis Award for Nonacademically Affiliated Historians from the American Historical Association.
Biography
Early years
Theodore Draper was born Theodore Dubinsky on September 11, 1912, one of four children. His younger brother was Hal Draper, who became a noted Marxist historian. Theodore's parents were ethnic Jews who emigrated to New York City from Ukraine, then part of the Russian empire. His father, Samuel Dubinsky, was the manager of a shirt factory who died in 1924. His mother, Annie Kornblatt Dubinsky, ran a candy store to make ends meet following her husband's death.
He was raised in Brooklyn, New York and graduated from the borough's Boys High School. His mother insisted they change the family name to the "American-sounding" surname "Draper" when Draper was 20 so that the children could avoid anti-semitism during pursuit of their careers.
Political career
In 1930, Draper enrolled at the College of the City of New York, better known as "City College". It was there that he joined the National Student League (NSL), a mass organization of the Communist Party USA targeted at organizing and mobilizing college students. This marked the start of a decade during which Draper chose to remain reliably within the Communist Party's orbit.
Draper later recalled:
"My initiation came in the National Student League, which I joined in 1930... Most of its leaders were members of the Young Communist League, but I was not. I preferred being a 'fellow-traveler,' which was how I came to be around it. I was enough of a true believer to be convinced that whatever its faults or shortcomings, only the Communist movement was capable of making the 'Revolution'; a revolutionary, therefore, had to be close to it. Nevertheless, I was unwilling to give up a measure of freedom or absence of discipline, such as I could enjoy as a fellow-traveler."
Draper noted that his non-party status "may even have helped me, because it could show that one did not have to be a card-carrying Communist to hold a leading position in the NSL." Membership did come at a cost, however, as a decision was made by the Communist Party to distribute NSL members from City College, where the organization was strong, to other campuses where the fledgling organization had no presence. Draper was instructed to enroll at the Brooklyn branch of City College, forerunner of Brooklyn College, a decision which he later remembered as "one of the saddest days of my life."
Draper graduated from Brooklyn College with a B.S. in philosophy in 1933; by this time, the College's National Student League organization "was so large and influential that it could virtually close down the school on May Day." Upon graduation he enrolled in the graduate program in history at Columbia University, which he attended for two years without taking a degree.
While attending a social function in 1935, Draper was approached by Harry Gannes, the foreign editor of the Communist Party's newspaper, The Daily Worker. The editor asked Ted whether he would be willing to put his prospective academic career aside and to instead come to work at the paper as his assistant. After giving the matter careful consideration, Draper decided to accept the offer and went to work at the Daily Worker, where he remained for two years as assistant foreign editor, writing for publication under the name Theodore Repard.
In the summer of 1936 Draper was tapped to go to Moscow as the Daily Worker's correspondent there. He was ready to travel to Russia when he was suddenly told he couldn't leave because the party had learned that his brother, Hal Draper, was a Trotskyist, causing Soviet authorities to regard Ted as a security risk. The position of Moscow correspondent was subsequently offered to another Daily Worker journalist.
In 1937, Draper moved to the Communist Party's literary-artistic weekly, The New Masses, where he took a position as foreign editor and wrote for publication under his real name. The magazine sent Draper to Europe in 1938 to cover the tense geopolitical situation there. Draper spent time in Paris, in Czechoslovakia covering the crisis which led to the "Munich Agreement" between Adolf Hitler and Neville Chamberlain, and in Spain covering the last days of the Spanish Civil War.
Upon returning from Europe in 1939, Draper was approached by a new fellow-traveling publishing house called Modern Age Publishers with an offer for Ted to write a book on the European political situation. Draper used the book advance as an excuse to quit The New Masses and he headed for Paris to conduct further research. Draper returned to the United States in November 1939, but the changing political situation — and the changing political line of the Communist Party in response to this — ultimately scrapped Draper's book project despite multiple re-writes.
Throughout 1939 and 1940 Draper continued to periodically write for the New Masses on various topics at the request of the editors. With France falling to Nazi Germany in the summer of 1940, Draper was urgently requested to contribute an article for publication on the significance of the event. An article entitled "New Moment in France" was produced and published in the July 9, 1940 issue, in which Draper argued that the French collapse had altered the balance of power in Europe and hinted that the Soviet Union would be a likely next target of the Nazis in their pursuit of "an ever widening circle of expansion for easy booty."
Draper remembered:
"The article was delivered just before the deadline and must have gone in without much editorial deliberation. With everyone stunned by the French debacle, and no party line on it immediately established, my article had squeaked through. I was asked to write another article on the same subject for the following issue and attempted to say the same thing in even stronger form. But this time the party line caught up with me as a result of word from Moscow. The Soviet press let it be known that nothing had changed, there were no new problems or new conditions, no 'new moment in Europe.'... My second article was never published. It was the first time that any article of mine had been rejected. I was suddenly faced with the kind of personal political crisis that so many had confronted before and were to confront afterwards."
Draper refused to write any more articles for the New Masses after that date, limiting himself to a few book reviews so as to avoid a total severing of connections with the Communist movement. He also spent a six-month stint as correspondent for the Soviet news agency TASS, before joining the staff of a short-lived French language weekly newspaper based in New York City. Despite being invited back into the fold after the June 1941 Nazi invasion of the Soviet Union validated his earlier prognostications, Draper felt this impossible and instead worked at a series of temporary jobs to make ends meet.
In 1943, Draper was inducted into the U.S. Army and was thereby "saved from thinking any more about American Communism, at least for the next three years." Draper was put to work in the Historical Section of the 84th Infantry Division, ultimately writing the Division's official history of its activities during the Battle of the Ardennes in World War II. During his time with the 84th Infantry Division he met with Henry Kissinger and Fritz Kraemer, and stayed in friendly contact with the latter. In 1944 Draper also saw the publication at last of a book on French affairs, when mainstream publisher The Viking Press released a book by Draper called The Six Weeks' War. Draper's transition from a political journalist to a historian had begun.
Historian
Following World War II, Draper worked as a freelance journalist, writing extensively for Commentary magazine, a new publication of the American Jewish Committee, among other publications. In 1950 he began to write for a new bi-weekly news magazine called The Reporter, founded by Max Ascoli. Such writing tasks did not constitute full-time work, however, leaving time for Draper to engage in other literary pursuits.
With the growth of McCarthyism and the Second Red Scare, the subject of communism in America began to loom large in the public consciousness. Draper began to think of writing a "traditional" history of the American Communist Party based upon documentary sources and meeting scholarly standards and slowly began work on the project in his spare time. He was set free to work on the task full-time in 1952 by a grant from the newly established Fund for the Republic, set up as an autonomous organization by the Ford Foundation. Under the direction of political scientist Clinton Rossiter of Cornell University, the Fund for the Republic determined to publish a full-scale history of American communism. David A. Shannon of the University of Wisconsin was tapped to write the history of the CPUSA during the post-war period, while Draper was chosen to produce a monograph on the party's early years. Robert W. Iverson wrote The Communists and the Schools (1959) in that series.
Rossiter allowed Draper two years to complete the entire project, the history of American communism from its origins in 1919 until the sacking of party leader Earl Browder at the end of World War II. Draper set to work, mustering sources and conducting interviews with living participants of the formative period of the American Communist Party. One of those with whom he conducted an extensive correspondence was James P. "Jim" Cannon, a midwesterner who was sacked from the organization in 1928 for supporting Leon Trotsky and the Russian "Left Opposition." Draper noted that Cannon's letters soon became "more formal, better organized, each a little gem of its kind." These letters of Jim Cannon to Ted Draper were ultimately published in book form as The First Ten Years of American Communism in 1962.
In the meantime, Draper finished his book for Rossiter and the Fund for the Republic:
"Two years later, I finished a book, but not the book.... I woke up one day to realize that I had written a book which ended in 1923, a turning-point in the story.... I was faced with a problem; 1923 was too far from 1945 to make up a plausible alibi. I could not expect anyone else to know what the significance of 1923 was and why it had become my stopping-point. Yet, somehow, without intending it, I had produced a book on the formative period of the formative period; it had a beginning, a middle, and an end; it was a book I knew, if the wrong one."
Draper turned in the manuscript to Clinton Rossiter, who was irate about the truncation of the narrative but was in great need of a publication to show that the Fund for the Republic project was alive and functioning. The manuscript thus found print without revision as The Roots of American Communism in 1957 and Rossiter set Draper back to work for two more years to complete the rest of the assigned time period.
To his own dismay, Draper repeated the stunt, terminating the second volume with the 1929 expulsion of party leader Jay Lovestone and his co-thinkers. Again Clinton Rossiter protested and published, with the Viking Press releasing the volume as American Communism and Soviet Russia in 1960.
A third volume was planned, for which Draper began assembling research material. Unfortunately, by this time the Fund for the Republic had run out of money and the story of the American Communist Party during the decade of the 1930s was left to be told by another writer at a later date. After several tries and failures to complete the task, Draper turned his research material over to a young scholar whose work he appreciated, Harvey Klehr of Emory University. Klehr's book, which made use of Draper's research material but to which Draper did not himself personally contribute, was ultimately published in 1984.
With his scholarly funding dried up and his interests shifting, Draper next moved to the hot-button topic of the Cuban Revolution as a focus for his scholarship. A series of articles, books, and pamphlets ensued, marked by the 1962 tome Castro's Revolution: Myths and Realities, published by Frederick A. Praeger publishers.
Draper's work as a historian of the Cuban Revolution brought him to the attention of the Hoover Institution on War, Revolution, and Peace, an anti-communist think tank located at Stanford University. Draper accepted a Hoover Institution fellowship and remained there until 1968, at which time he departed, ill at ease with the growing conservatism of the institution. Draper moved across country to accept a similar post at the Institute for Advanced Study located at Princeton University, where he focused his scholarship on the question of race relations.
Draper was a long-time contributor first to the magazine Commentary and later to the New York Review of Books.
Some of Draper's later works include A Very Thin Line, a history of the Iran-Contra Affair, and A Struggle for Power, a monograph on the economic and political circumstances behind the American Revolution of 1776.
Death and legacy
Theodore Draper died on February 21, 2006, at his home in Princeton, New Jersey. He was 93 years old at the time of his death.
Draper's papers are housed in two locations. Materials relating to his two published books on American Communism and the Cuban Revolution are held by the Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California. An additional 63 boxes of material collected for his unpublished third book on American Communism, plus over 120 reels of microfilm and other research materials, are to be found at the Emory University Manuscripts, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Atlanta, Georgia.
Footnotes
Works
Spain in Revolt. As Theodore Repard, with Harry Gannes. New York: Alfred A. Knopf, 1936.
The Six Weeks' War: France, May 10 – June 25, 1940. New York: Viking Press, 1944.
The 84th Infantry Division in the Battle of the Ardennes, December 1944 – January 1945, Liege, Belgium: Historical Section, 84th Infantry Division, April 1945.
The Roots of American Communism. New York: Viking Press, 1957.
American Communism and Soviet Russia: The Formative Period. New York: Viking Press, 1960.
Ordeal of the UN: Khrushchev, Hammarskjöld, and the Congo Crisis. New York: The New Leader, 1960.
Castro's Cuba: A Revolution Betrayed? New York: The New Leader, 1961.
Cuba and United States Policy. New York: The New Leader, 1961.
Castro's Revolution: Myths and Realities. New York: Praeger, 1962.
Castro's Communism. London, Encounter, 1962.
Five Years of Castro's Cuba. New York: American Jewish Committee, 1964.
The Roots of the Dominican Crisis, New York: League for Industrial Democracy, 1965.
Castroism, Theory and Practice. New York: Praeger, 1965.
Abuse of Power. New York: Viking Press, 1967.
Israel and World Politics: Roots of the Third Arab–Israeli War. New York: Viking Press, 1968.
The Dominican Revolt: A Case Study in American Policy. New York: Commentary, 1968.
The Rediscovery of Black Nationalism. New York: Viking Press, 1970.
The Dominican Intervention Reconsidered. Indianapolis: Bobbs-Merrill, 1971.
The United States and Israel: Tilt in the Middle East? New York: American Jewish Committee, 1975.
On Nuclear War: An Exchange with the Secretary of Defense: Caspar Weinberger vs. Theodore Draper. Boston: Council for a Livable World Education Fund.
The Atlantic Alliance and Its Critics. With Robert W. Tucker and Linda Wrigley. New York: Praeger, 1983.
Present History: On Nuclear War, Detente and Other Controversies. New York: Random House, 1983.
A Present of Things Past: Selected Essays. New York: Hill and Wang, 1990.
A Very Thin Line: The Iran–Contra Affairs. New York: Hill and Wang, 1991.
A Struggle for Power: The American Revolution. New York: Times Books, 1996.
External links
Peter Daniels, "Obituary: Theodore Draper—American Historian and Social Critic", World Socialist Web Site, International Committee of the Fourth International, March 3, 2006.
Xiuzhi Zhou, "Preliminary Inventory to the Theodore Draper Papers, 1912–1966", Hoover Institution Archives, Stanford University, Palo Alto, California, 1998.
"Theodore Draper research files, 1919–1970", Emory University Manuscripts, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Atlanta, Georgia.
Author Archive Theodore Draper
1912 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American historians
American male non-fiction writers
Boys High School (Brooklyn) alumni
Brooklyn College alumni
Columbia University alumni
Contemporary historians
Historians from New York (state)
Historians of communism
Historians of the United States
Jewish American historians
Jewish socialists
The New York Review of Books people
Writers from Brooklyn |
4016782 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structure%20gauge | Structure gauge | A structure gauge, also called the minimum clearance outline, is a diagram or physical structure that sets limits to the extent that bridges, tunnels and other infrastructure can encroach on rail vehicles. It specifies the height and width of platforms, tunnels and bridges, and the width of the doors that allow access to a warehouse from a rail siding. Specifications may include the minimum distance from rail vehicles to railway platforms, buildings, electrical equipment boxes, signal equipment, third rails or supports for overhead lines.
A related but separate gauge is the loading gauge: a diagram or physical structure that defines the maximum height and width dimensions in railway vehicles and their loads. The difference between these two gauges is called the clearance. The specified amount of clearance makes allowance for wobbling of rail vehicles at speed; consequently, in some circumstances a train may be permitted to go past a restricted clearance at very slow speed.
Road traffic application
The term can also be applied to the minimum size of road tunnels, the space beneath overpasses and the space within the superstructure of bridges, as well as doors into automobile repair shops, bus garages, filling stations, residential garages, multi-storey car parks, overhangs at drive-throughs and warehouses.
Accidents
Motor vehicles hit railway bridges 1789 times in 2019 in the UK, where such incidents are known as bridge strikes, with several bridges being hit over 20 times in a single year. The total cost borne by the state was around £23 million.
A high overpass bridge near St Petersburg is known as the "Bridge of Stupidity" because it is often struck by vehicles despite many warning signs. In May 2018, after it was struck for the 150th time by a GAZelle truck, a birthday cake was presented to the bridge. This made national news.
Similarly, an overpass in Durham, North Carolina, USA, was frequently struck by vehicles, and made the news a number of times until it was raised in 2019.
Infrared sensors which trigger warning signs when a high vehicle approaches were added to an underpass in Frauenfeld, Switzerland, only after several incidents.
A similar situation exists at an underpass on Guy Street in Montreal.
Another problem is the Montague Street Bridge in South Melbourne.
Gallery
See also
Air draft, applies to bridges across navigable waterways
Berne gauge
Bridge
Clearance car
Cut
Disadvantages of third rail (additional infrastructure restrictions)
Engineering tolerance
Loading gauge
Railway platform
Railway platform height
Tunnel
Wayobjects
References
External links
Transport Canada, Standard Respecting Railway Clearance
GLOSSARY OF TERMS USED IN RAILROAD HIGH AND WIDE CLEARANCES
Railway line clearances and car dimensions including weight ..., Volumes 87-90
www.ipm.fraunhofer.de/railway
Clearance Guidelines for Industrial Railways (BC)
Transport Canada
Rail infrastructure
Road hazards |
4016792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen%20Fukushima | Glen Fukushima | Glen Shigeru Fukushima (born 1949) is an American business leader and former public servant. He is a senior fellow at the Center for American Progress in Washington, D.C.
Government service
As Deputy Assistant United States Trade Representative for Japan and China (1988–1990) and director for Japanese affairs (1985–1988) at the Office of the United States Trade Representative (USTR), Fukushima gained a reputation as one of the most effective trade negotiators between the US and Japan.
He was largely responsible for the success in opening Japanese markets to US products and services during that period. He gained particular so-called fame after a memo he wrote ("Repairing the U.S.-Japan Relationship," January 4, 1994) ended up on the desk of U.S. President Bill Clinton. Clinton added favorable annotations and circulated it widely, along with other memos he received that day.
Business
After leaving government, Fukushima entered the Japanese corporate world as vice-president of AT&T in Japan and later as president of Arthur D. Little and NCR in Japan. He was the president and CEO of Airbus Japan from 2005 to 2010, and the chairman and director from 2010 to 2012.
Education
A native of California, Fukushima attended Zama American High School in Japan Deep Springs College, Stanford University, and Harvard University, where he earned a J.D. degree. While at Harvard he lectured as an assistant to influential Japanologists Ezra Vogel and Edwin Reischauer.
References
External links
1949 births
Zama American High School alumni
Deep Springs College alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
Living people
Stanford University alumni
American businesspeople of Japanese descent
20th-century American businesspeople |
4016809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apalachicola%20Bay | Apalachicola Bay | Apalachicola Bay is an estuary and lagoon located on the northwest coast of the U.S. state of Florida. The Apalachicola Bay system also includes St. George Sound, St. Vincent Sound and East Bay, covering an area of about 208 square miles (540 km2). Four islands, St. Vincent Island to the west, Cape St. George Island and St. George Island to the south, and Dog Island to the east, separate the system from the Gulf of Mexico. Water exchange occurs through Indian Pass, West Pass, East Pass and the Duer Channel. The lagoon has been designated as a National Estuarine Research Reserve and the Apalachicola River is the largest source of freshwater to the estuary. Combined with the Chattahoochee River, Flint River, and Ochlockonee River they drain a watershed of over 20,000 square miles (50,000 km2) at a rate of 19,599 cubic feet (550 m3) per second according to the United States Geological Survey in 2002.
Biodiversity
Apalachicola Bay is part of The National Estuarine Research Reserve System. The region features 1,162 species of plants, and includes the largest natural stand of tupelo trees in the world. The area is also home to 308 species of birds, 186 species of fish, 57 species of mammals, and boasts the highest species density of amphibians and reptiles in all of North America, north of Mexico stated by the Apalachicola Reserve, 2002.
Endangered Species
Threatened and endangered species reside in the Apalachicola. Previous and current threatened and endangered species include the Gulf Sturgeon, the at threeridge mussel, the Purple bankclimber mussel, and the Chipola slabshell mussel. According to the United States Fish and Wildlife Service, changes in flow rate affect the physiological processes of mussels in the Apalachicola Bay. Temperature increases with flow rate while oxygen concentrations decreases. Low flow and dissolved oxygen displayed a direct relationship with mussel mortality in Flint River. Drought in the Apalachicola Bay has led to growing concerns for its threatened and endangered mussel species.
Ecosystem Services
Oyster Fisheries
The Apalachicola Bay oysters consist of 90% of Florida's annual oyster consumption and 10% of the oyster catch across the United States. Apalachicola oysters are a critical component of the Bay's ecosystem as well as Florida's economy. The growth and maintenance of oyster reefs depends on water circulation, salinity, temperature, sedimentation, food web dynamics, commercial harvesting and weather. In 2012, Apalachicola oyster populations began to decline , leading to the declaration of a fishery disaster by the Secretary of Commerce in 2013. The oyster population in Franklin County experienced a 98% decrease. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission aimed to restore the fishery by prohibiting oyster fishing for five years. Periods of low flow cause an increase in salinity concentrations and in turn, lead to increases in predation rates by stone crabs and oyster drills. Past studies have hypothesized that high rates of freshwater discharge cause a high mortality rate in oysters due to low salinity. In oysters, low salinity is known to cause hindrances in gametogenesis, gonad disintegration, delays in spawning, post-settlement mortality, and declining larval and adult filtration rates. However, further research is necessary to provide a widely accepted explanation for the relationship between Apalachicola discharge and oyster fisheries.
Water Rights Dispute
"Tri-State Water Wars"
The Apalachicola Bay is part of an ongoing dispute between Alabama, Florida and Georgia. The Tri-State Water Wars involve the Apalachicola-Chattahoochee-Flint (ACF) river basin. Beginning in 2007, drought within federal reservoirs has led to a dispute regarding the fate of water flow management within the ACF. The three states have a experienced a long-term dispute regarding the U.S Army Corps of Engineers' (Corps) ability to change the rate of water discharge such that water storage is preserved, particularly in Lake Lanier. The Corps controls water from Lake Lanier such that it flows into the Apalachicola to meet its minimum flow requirement. The Apalachicola Bay and its oyster industry is dependent on discharge from the Apalachicola River. The Army Corps of Engineers have issued Exceptional Drought Operations that allow for 16% lower flow into the Apalachicola River. The minimum flows to the Apalachicola are necessary to the survival of the species listed under the Endangered Species Act.
Climate Change and Variability
Low Flow and Drought
El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is a driver of climate variability on a global scale. Research has shown that baseflow of the Flint River has increased by 10% during El Niño and decreased by 10% during La Niña. Under Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) and Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), La Niña causes a decrease in baseflow, resulting in severe drought throughout the ACF River Basin. Florida has experienced a decrease in precipitation and an increase in temperature between 1970-2009. It has been predicted that air temperatures may increase by 3-4 degrees Celsius due to a twofold increase in atmospheric carbon dioxide. Climate models in the Apalachicola River basin have allowed researchers to project increases in extreme rainfall intensity and frequency.
Extreme Weather Events
It has been projected that extreme weather events, a consequence of climate change, will have a significant impact on the Apalachicola Bay. Extreme weather events and differences in seasonality due to climate change may exacerbate changes in streamflow and sediment load in the Apalachicola. The migration, reproduction and distribution of organisms in the Apalachicola Bay is sensitive to salinity and total suspended solid levels. Additionally, organisms in the Apalachicola River Basin are threatened by high flow magnitude and seasonal changes in runoff and sediment load due to climate change.
See also
Apalachicola (tribe)
References
External links
Apalachicola River Watershed - Florida DEP
Oyster Rules for Apalachicola Bay
Bay, Apalachicola
Lagoons of Florida
Bays of Florida on the Gulf of Mexico
Biosphere reserves of the United States
Estuaries of Florida
Bodies of water of Franklin County, Florida |
4016816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Principles%20of%20the%20Civil%20Law%20of%20the%20People%27s%20Republic%20of%20China | General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China | The General Principles of the Civil Law of the People's Republic of China () is a law in the PRC that was promulgated on April 12, 1986 and came into force on January 1, 1987. It is heavily influenced by the German Civil Code. It is the main source of civil law in the PRC and seeks to provide a uniform framework for interpreting the PRC's civil laws.
Unlike most civil law jurisdictions, the PRC didn't not have a comprehensive civil code until 2021, and attempts to create one by the Chinese government have been difficult and controversial. The "General Principles" include both civil rights and liabilities under civil law, and contains 9 chapters and 156 articles. The chapters deal with the following topics:
Basic Principles
Citizen (Natural Person)
Legal Persons
Civil Juristic Acts and Agency
Civil Rights
Civil Liability
Limitation of Action
Application of Law in Civil Relations with Foreigners
Supplementary Provisions
See also
Civil Code of People's Republic of China, passed on May 28, 2020, effective Jan. 1, 2021.
References
Laws of China |
4016820 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauricella%20hypergeometric%20series | Lauricella hypergeometric series | In 1893 Giuseppe Lauricella defined and studied four hypergeometric series FA, FB, FC, FD of three variables. They are :
for |x1| + |x2| + |x3| < 1 and
for |x1| < 1, |x2| < 1, |x3| < 1 and
for |x1|½ + |x2|½ + |x3|½ < 1 and
for |x1| < 1, |x2| < 1, |x3| < 1. Here the Pochhammer symbol (q)i indicates the i-th rising factorial of q, i.e.
where the second equality is true for all complex except .
These functions can be extended to other values of the variables x1, x2, x3 by means of analytic continuation.
Lauricella also indicated the existence of ten other hypergeometric functions of three variables. These were named FE, FF, ..., FT and studied by Shanti Saran in 1954 . There are therefore a total of 14 Lauricella–Saran hypergeometric functions.
Generalization to n variables
These functions can be straightforwardly extended to n variables. One writes for example
where |x1| + ... + |xn| < 1. These generalized series too are sometimes referred to as Lauricella functions.
When n = 2, the Lauricella functions correspond to the Appell hypergeometric series of two variables:
When n = 1, all four functions reduce to the Gauss hypergeometric function:
Integral representation of FD
In analogy with Appell's function F1, Lauricella's FD can be written as a one-dimensional Euler-type integral for any number n of variables:
This representation can be easily verified by means of Taylor expansion of the integrand, followed by termwise integration. The representation implies that the incomplete elliptic integral Π is a special case of Lauricella's function FD with three variables:
Finite-sum solutions of FD
Case 1 : , a positive integer
One can relate FD to the Carlson R function via
with the iterative sum
and
where it can be exploited that the Carlson R function with has an exact representation (see for more information).
The vectors are defined as
where the length of and is , while the vectors and have length .
Case 2: , a positive integer
In this case there is also a known analytic form, but it is rather complicated to write down and involves several steps.
See for more information.
References
(see p. 114)
(corrigendum 1956 in Ganita 7, p. 65)
(there is a 2008 paperback with )
(there is another edition with )
Hypergeometric functions
Mathematical series |
4016822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beacon%20Park | Beacon Park | Beacon Park is a public park in the centre of the city of Lichfield, Staffordshire, in the United Kingdom. The park was created in 1859 when the Museum Gardens were laid out adjacent to the newly built Free Museum and Library. The park has since been extended in stages and now forms of open parkland in the city centre. The park is in the northwest of the city centre and to the west of the Cathedral Close across the road from the Garden of Remembrance.
The majority of the park was originally waterlogged marshland and a lake covered the area of what is now the Museum Gardens. The land was drained in the early 19th century and the Museum Gardens were raised with silt dredged from Minster Pool. The large northern area of the park once formed the land and gardens of Beacon House. This land was incorporated into the park when the owner of Beacon House, Colonel Swinfen Broun, donated the land after his death.
The park has many sporting and recreational facilities for use by the public, including an 18-hole golf course, football pitches, tennis courts and bowling greens. The park also hosts a wide range of events throughout the year including the Lichfield Bower and The Lichfield Festival. The park is home to many monuments, most notably a large bronze statue of Captain Smith of the RMS Titanic.
History
Early history
Beacon Park stands on land which was originally low lying, poorly drained pasture alongside the Leamonsley Brook. The Museum Gardens and Recreation Grounds were the site of Bishops Fish Pool (sometimes known as Upper Pool). The pool was created when a causeway was built on Beacon Street in the 14th century separating it from Minster Pool. The waterlogged marshland surrounding Bishops Fish Pool became known as 'The Moggs' from the 15th century and later 'Swan Moggs'.
Swans were kept by the Bishops of Lichfield on Bishops Fish Pool from the early 14th century. Special pens and nesting areas were constructed. Ownership of the birds passed to the Lichfield Corporation from 1548. In 1704 the lease owner of 'Swan Moggs' was required to allow the swans make their nests there. In this area today we get the street names Swan Road and Swan Mews reflecting the history of the land use.
The land of the wider Beacon Park was used for agriculture from at least the 13th century to the 19th century. This past use is visible today in street names with Townfields south of the park and north of the park there are records of a Shaw field in 1336 which is now Shaw Lane.
19th century
As the city water supply from Aldershawe was diminishing in the early 19th century, money was spent diverting surface waters from 'Swan Moggs' into a common conduit. The two streams across it were diverted into underground culverts; the land was raised with silt and mud dredged from Minster Pool. The area was subsequently developed into the formal gardens of Beacon Park by the Lichfield Corporation, but paid for by the Conduit Lands Trust. The Museum Gardens were opened in 1859 to complement the new Italianate Free Library and Museum. The Recreation Grounds, opened in 1891, is the small area between the Museum Gardens and the wider Beacon Park. The central fountain was unveiled as the central focus of the Museum Gardens in 1871. A bandstand was also installed close to the junction of the Museum Gardens and Recreation Grounds, and was positioned to provide a focus for the avenue through the Museum Gardens.
The development of the wider Beacon Park is closely linked to the development of Beacon House, which was built for George Hand in 1800. The gardens and parkland were developed in stages over the nineteenth century as ownership of the estate changed. In 1826 the owner, Richard Hinckley added two wings to the house, extended the grounds and carried out extensive improvements to the landscape. Two fish ponds were dug along the valley, fed by the Leomonsley Brook, and a long ornamental approach constructed across the fields towards Walsall Road. Samuel Lipscomb Seckham acquired Beacon House and its estate in 1880. He extended the parkland to cover and added a terraced walk along the front; linking the house to the ponds.
20th century
Statues of Edward VII and Edward Smith were erected in the Museum Gardens in 1908 and 1914 respectively. During the First World War, Beacon House was sold to the War department. A Crimean War cannon and a First World War German gun were placed in the Museum Gardens after the war, only to be removed for scrap metal during the next war. After the First World War the park was the scene of much celebration with the Recreation Grounds used for athletics and the Museum Gardens for dancing. The Garden of Remembrance was laid out across Beacon Street opposite the park in 1920. The timber framed public convenience at the northeast entrance was built in 1930, partly with old materials from the portion of the Friary which was taken down in 1925 on the making of the new road.
Beacon House was used by the Royal Army Service Corps during the Second World War before being demolished by the City Council in 1964. The land on which Beacon House once stood is now a housing estate with street names Swinfen Broun Road and Seckham Road named after previous residents of the house. Colonel Swinfen Broun gifted of the land to the park in 1943. After the land attached to Beacon House was incorporated into Beacon Park between 1943 and 1964 the park area as we know it today was complete.
Over the rest of the 20th century many recreation facilities were incorporated into the park. Parkland was levelled for football pitches in 1947. A second bowling green in the Recreation Grounds was laid out by the City Council in 1962 to join the green in the Museum Gardens laid in 1922. In 1972 the two fish ponds were reshaped and deepened to leave one pool (Beacon Pool) we see today. The golf course was laid out and opened in 1973.
21st century
In 2009, the Heritage Lottery Fund and the Big Lottery Fund announced Beacon Park, Minster Pool and Walk and the Garden of Remembrance had been awarded a grant £3.9 million under the 'Parks for People' programme. The transformation started in 2010 and was completed in 2012 with works including a new café, refreshment kiosk, bowls and education pavilion, toilets, and new and improved play areas for children of all ages. Conservation work was carried out on the listed structures, including the statues, railings and fountain. In the Museum Gardens, the bowling green was relocated to the Recreation Grounds and in its previous location beds of flowers were planted to recreate the Victorian geometric landscaping to the gardens.
Monuments and sculpture
Plaque of Martyrs – The plaque came into being as the seal for the city of Lichfield. The disputed story of 999 Christian martyrs who were killed by the Romans under pagan Emperor Diocletian in Lichfield in 288 CE is depicted in the stonework of the monument. It was located on the front of the Guildhall until, in 1744 during the Victorian restoration of the Guildhall the plaque was taken down a placed in storage. It emerged again in 1864, when it was moved to a rockery on the eastern side of the Museum Gardens. It lay in the rockery falling into a state of disrepair until 2010 when it was restored and relocated onto a plinth in the Recreation Grounds. The seal can also be seen on the railway bridge at St John's Street.
Chancellor Law's Fountain – Unveiled in May 1871, the fountain was sculpted by Turner and Allen of London. The lions are made from Ashlar stone and the central figure is sculpted iron. The fountain was a gift from James Thomas Law who was the chancellor of the diocese and gave much to the city, including the statue of Samuel Johnson in the market square. The fountain is located at the centre of the Museum Gardens. In 2011 the fountain was restored with funding from Lichfield Conduit Lands Trust.
King Edward VII – Unveiled in September 1908 the statue was sculpted by local stonemason George Lowther of Robert Bridgeman & Sons of Lichfield. The pedestal is made of Hoptonwood stone and the figure from Portland stone. Edward is portrayed in full coronation robes with a sceptre in his right hand. The arms of the City of Lichfield are on the front of the pedestal. The statue was erected during Edward's reign as a gesture of the city's loyalty to the King. The statue is located on the eastern end of the Museum Gardens. The statue was rededicated on 24 April 2013 by The Princess Royal.
Captain Edward Smith – Unveiled in July 1914 at the western end of the Museum Gardens, the statue was sculpted by Kathleen Scott, wife of Antarctic explorer Robert Scott. The pedestal is made from Cornish granite and the figure is bronze. This is a memorial to the captain of the RMS Titanic, which sank on 15 April 1912. Captain Smith was from Hanley and Lichfield was chosen as the location for the monument because Smith was a Staffordshire man and Lichfield was the centre of the diocese. The statue originally cost £740 raised through local and national contributions. In 2010, as part of the 'Parks for People' programme, the statue was restored and the green patina removed from its surface at a cost of £16,000. In 2011 an unsuccessful campaign was started to get the statue moved back to Captain Smith's home town of Hanley.
Colonel Swinfen Broun – Unveiled in September 1972, the memorial is a 1.9m high sandstone brick with two bronze plaques located on each side. In 1948 Lichfield mourned the loss of one of its most generous benefactors, Colonel Swinfen Broun. He had paid a large part of the cost of Victoria Hospital, given the Guildhall its clock and donated of recreational land to Beacon Park in 1943. In his will he also left half of his estate at Swinfen Hall to Lichfield Cathedral and the other half to the Lichfield Corporation. A memorial was set up on the west bank of Beacon Pool after his death in recognition to his contribution to the city.
Erasmus Darwin – Unveiled on 12 December 2012, a high bronze statue of Erasmus Darwin sculpted by Peter Walker. The statue was estimated to cost £61,500 with 30% of the funds to come from Section 106 funding. The statue is located near to the Bird Street entrance to the Museum Gardens.
Recreational uses
The park has many sporting facilities including flat and crown bowling greens in the recreation grounds. The Lichfield Museum Bowling Club has been playing on the greens since 1922 and is one of the oldest bowling clubs in the country. There are four asphalt surfaced tennis courts built in 1932, six football pitches (seasonal), a basketball court, a cricket pitch (seasonal) and an eighteen-hole public golf course.
In addition to sports, other recreational facilities are available. These include a crazy golf course, a young children's playground and an older children's playground. During the summer season activities such as canoeing on Beacon Pool, donkey rides, giant board games and a bouncy castle are available in the park.
Two new catering facilities in the park opened in May 2012. The Lakeside Bistro near Beacon Pool and Chandlers Café at the Bird Street entrance to the park were built as part of the works following the £3.9 million grant and Chandlers Group spent £200,000 fitting out the new facilities.
Entertainment uses
The park is used as a venue for many entertainment events throughout the year. The Lichfield bower and the Lichfield Festival hold events in the park annually, during the summer. 'Cars in the Park' takes place annually at the end of June. First held in 1997, 'Cars in the Park' showcases more than 1,000 vintage and modern cars and 62 car clubs took part in the 2011 event. Lichfield Proms in the Park, an open air classical music event, takes place annually on the first Saturday of September. A big top Circus also comes to the park annually in Spring.
Gallery
References
External links
Visit Lichfield: Beacon Park
Lichfield District Council: Historic Parks
A video of the making of the Erasmus Darwin statue
Lichfield
Tourist attractions in Staffordshire
Parks and open spaces in Staffordshire |
4016823 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signatures%20Restaurant | Signatures Restaurant | Signatures Restaurant was a Washington D.C. restaurant opened by Jack Abramoff. Expensive and lavishly appointed with expensive memorabilia, Villeroy & Boch chargers and Christofle flatware, Signatures was used by Abramoff in coordination with his skyboxes and foreign trips to spend money primarily given by Indian tribes on politicians. During 17 months between 2002 and 2003 Signatures gave away $180,000 of food and drinks.
Signatures rivaled the Capital Grille, opened in 1994, as the premier high-end GOP restaurant in town. It was more successful than Abramoff's other Washington D.C. food ventures: Archives Restaurant and Stacks Delicatessen, both kosher eateries.
The political website PoliticsPA named it to their list of restaurants frequented by politicians.
Abramoff's scandalous dealings
Abramoff billed his tribal clients hundreds of thousands of dollars for meals at Signatures. Billing, campaign finance records, and restaurant records show, for example, that the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians paid Greenberg Traurig over $5,600, and that the Agua Caliente Band of Cahuilla Indians paid as much as $20,000 for dozens of luncheon and dinner events a month.
Abramoff's preferred table was Table 40, where Tom DeLay, Dana Rohrabacher, Bob Ney, and John Doolittle were his regular guests, getting their meals comped. Rohrabacher ate as Abramoff's guest at least monthly, claiming the friendship exemption to House ethics rules. Bob Ney paid Signatures about $1,900 for meals and events between 2002 and 2004 in addition to many comped meals. Restaurant records show that Team Abramoff members Neil Volz and Tony Rudy (with Tom Hammond) organized $1,500 (minimum) dinners for their respective former bosses, Bob Ney and Tom DeLay, in April 2002, though campaign finance records show no payment. Although representatives Roy Blunt (R-Mo.) and Frank A. LoBiondo (R-N.J.) and former senators John Breaux (D-La.), Don Nickles (R) and Tim Hutchinson (R) were also on an Abramoff list of people to be comped, Blunt, LoBiondo, and Breaux deny ever receiving free meals.
Over the period of January 2002 to May 2003 Abramoff and his investors put more than $3 million into Signatures, spending 7 percent of revenues on comped food and drink, well above the industry standard.
Who's who and featured memorabilia
The official owner of Signatures was Livsar Enterprises, with Rodney Lane acting as the CEO. The registered agent was lawyer Yale Ginsburg; lawyer Jay Kaplan led the Signatures restaurant group. According to emails sent by Abramoff in 2001, Capitol Campaign Strategies transferred money to Livsar, which he planned to have under the control of his wife Pamela.
Signatures was built by John S. Hillery & Assoc. Const. Inc of Sterling, Va. at a cost of $850,000.00.
The original chefs were executive chef Michael Rosen and sous-chef Jeff Ramsey. In 2006, the executive chef was Morou Ouattara. The main dining room seated 104 (50 seats at the bar), and about 50 on the patio. The private dining rooms seated 15 and 25 people. Amenities included rentable wine lockers and an in-house humidor.
The restaurant featured rare document collections of Stan Klos and Edward Bomsey, as well as other political memorabilia. The documents on display featured famous autographs. Most of the items displayed were also for sale. Some of the memorabilia featured included a rocking chair used by John F. Kennedy ($495,000), a signed replica of Gerald Ford's pardon of Richard Nixon (sold for $5,000), and signed portraits, letters, and photos of Czar Nicholas, Winston Churchill, Gen. George Patton, Rocky Marciano, Harry Houdini, Thomas Edison and Meyer Lansky ($5,000-$10,000).
External links and references
https://web.archive.org/web/20051003231719/http://img.thehill.com/thehill/export/TheHill/Features/CapitalLiving/110404.html
http://www.forward.com/campaignconfidential/archives/001782.php
References
Defunct restaurants in the United States
Restaurants in Washington, D.C.
Jack Abramoff scandals |
4016830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ines%20M%C3%BCller | Ines Müller | Ines Müller, (born 2 January 1959 in Grimma, Muldentalkreis, Saxony), is a German track and field athlete who represented East Germany in the shot put during the 1980s. Her biggest success was the bronze medal in the 1987 World Championship.
International Competitions
Müller represented the Empor Rostock sport club. During her sporting career she was 1.82 meters tall and weighed 90 kilograms.
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
People from Grimma
East German female shot putters
German female shot putters
Olympic athletes of East Germany
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for East Germany
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade silver medalists for East Germany
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1981 Summer Universiade
Sportspeople from Saxony |
4016840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlet%20skimmer | Scarlet skimmer | The scarlet skimmer or ruddy marsh skimmer, Crocothemis servilia, is a species of dragonfly of the family Libellulidae, native to east and southeast Asia and introduced to Jamaica, Florida, and Hawaii.
Subspecies
There are two known subspecies; Crocothemis servilia servilia (Drury, 1773) and Crocothemis servilia mariannae Kiauta, 1983. C. s. mariannae lacks the mid-dorsal black stripe.
Description and habitat
It is a medium sized blood-red dragonfly with a thin black line along the mid-dorsal abdomen. Its eyes are blood-red above, purple laterally. Thorax is bright ferruginous, often blood-red on dorsum. Abdomen is blood-red, with a narrow black mid-dorsal carina. Anal appendages are blood-red. Female is similar to the male; but with olivaceous-brown thorax and abdomen. The black mid-dorsal carina is rather broad.
It breeds in ponds, ditches, marshes, open swamps and rice fields.
See also
List of odonates of Sri Lanka
List of odonates of India
List of odonata of Kerala
References
External links
Chen et al (2009) Common edible insects and their utilization in China. Entomological Research 39:299-303
Ying et al (2001) Three edible odonata species and their nutritive value. Forest Research 14:421-424
Scarlet skimmer at USGS
Insects as food in China Chen et al (2009)
Nutritive value Ying et al (2001)
Libellulidae
Insects described in 1773 |
4016846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreilles%20de%20crisse | Oreilles de crisse | Oreilles de crisse () is a traditional Quebec dish consisting of deep-fried salted fatback. It is generally served in cabanes à sucre (sugar shacks) in spring time, as a salty and crunchy side contrasting with maple syrup-laden foods.
See also
Chicharrón
Pork rinds
List of deep fried foods
List of smoked foods
External links
Recipe
Cuisine of Quebec
Pork dishes
Deep fried foods
Smoked meat
Canadian cuisine |
4016863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Junior%20Lacrosse%20League | Ontario Junior Lacrosse League | The Ontario Junior Lacrosse League (OJLL) is considered the most competitive Junior A men's box lacrosse league in the world and the number one source for talent for the National Lacrosse League (NLL). The OJLL is sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association. It is a 11 team league wherein the top 8 go to the playoffs and battle it out for top spot in Ontario. The Ontario Champion is annually awarded the Iroquois Trophy and moves on to compete against teams from Alberta and British Columbia for the Minto Cup - the Junior A National Box Lacrosse Championship of Canada. Ontario has captured the Minto Cup fifty-six times since 1937.
The OJLL is the number one source for talent for the National Lacrosse League (NLL), the largest and most successful professional lacrosse property in the world. Since the first NLL draft in 1996, sixteen OJLL alumni have been selected first overall.
The Teams
2021 OJLL Playoffs Bracket - Iroquois Trophy
The Iroquois Trophy playoff champions
Champion moves on to the Minto Cup national championship.
Draft History
2018 Midget Draft
2017 Midget Draft
2016 Midget Draft
2015 Midget Draft
2014 Midget Draft
Former Member Teams
Akwesasne Indians (Folded in 2012)
Elora Mohawks
Hamilton Bengals
Huntsville Hawks
Mississauga Tomahawks (Relocated to Mimico in 2015)
Orillia Rama Kings
Oshawa Green Gaels
Ottawa Titans
Rexdale Warriors
Scarborough Saints
Sarnia Pacers
Toronto Beaches
Windsor Warlocks
References
External links
Ontario Lacrosse Association
Lacrosse leagues in Canada
Sports leagues established in 1933
1933 establishments in Ontario |
4016864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clancy | Clancy | Clancy is an Irish name coming from the Gaelic Mac Fhlannchaidh/Mac Fhlannchadha, meaning "Son of the red/ruddy warrior" (Mac being for sons, Ní Fhlannchaidh/Ní Fhlannchadha would be for daughters), or as a hypocorism for Clarence.
Notable people with the name include:
As a first name
Clancy Barone, American football coach
Clancy Brown, American actor and comedian
Clancy Chassay, English journalist
Clancy Cooper, American actor
Clancy Eccles, Jamaican reggae singer
Clancy Edwards, American track and field sprinter
Clancy Fernando, Sri Lankan admiral
Clancy Hayes, American singer
Clancy O'Connor, American actor
Clancy Pendergast, American football coach
Clancy Rudeforth, Australian rules footballer
Clancy Sigal, American writer
Clancy Smyres, American baseball player
Clancy Williams, American footballer
As a last name
Abigail Clancy, English model
Al Clancy, American baseball player
Bobby Clancy, Irish folk musician, one of the Clancy Brothers
Boetius Clancy, Irish MP
Claire Clancy, Chief Executive and Clerk to the National Assembly for Wales, and first woman to be Registrar of Companies for England and Wales
Conor Clancy (Clare hurler) (born 1971), Irish hurler
Conor Clancy (Offaly hurler) (born 1993), Irish hurler
Cummin Clancy (1922–2013), Irish discus thrower
Daniel J. Clancy, American computer scientist
Dave Clancy, British ice hockey player
Donald D. Clancy, American politician
Edward Clancy (disambiguation), several people
Finbarr Clancy, Irish folk musician, member of the High Kings
Frank Willey Clancy, American lawyer and politician
George Clancy (politician), Irish teacher and politician
George Clancy (rugby union), Irish rugby union referee
Gil Clancy (1922–2011), American boxing trainer and commentator
Gordon Drummond Clancy, Canadian politician
Jack Clancy, American football player
James Clancy (disambiguation), several people
Jim Clancy (baseball player), American baseball player
Jim Clancy (journalist), American broadcast journalist
Joe Clancy, American football player
John Clancy (disambiguation), several people
Joseph Clancy (Wisconsin), American politician
J. J. Clancy (MP), Irish member of the British Parliament
Kendrick Clancy, American football player
Kevin Clancy, Scottish football referee
Kevin Clancy (Royal Mint), British numismatist
King Clancy, Canadian ice hockey defenceman
Laurence Clancy, British aerodynamicist, academic and author
Liam Clancy (1935–2009), Irish folk musician, one of the Clancy Brothers
Matthew Clancy, Irish Gaelic footballer
Michael Clancy, Governor and Commander-in-Chief of St. Helena and Dependencies, husband of Claire Clancy
Natalie Clancy, Canadian journalist
Patrick Clancy, Irish folk musician, one of the Clancy Brothers
Patrick Clancy (Irish politician), Irish politician for Limerick
Patty Clancy, American politician
Pauric Clancy, Irish Gaelic football player
Peadar Clancy, member of the Irish Republican Army
Robert H. Clancy, American Representative from Michigan (1923–25, 1927–33)
Professor Robert Clancy, Australian scientist
Sam Clancy, American football and basketball player
Sam Clancy Jr., American basketball player, son of the above
Seán Clancy, member of the Irish Volunteers
Sean Clancy (disambiguation), several people
Susan Clancy, American psychologist and ufologist
T. Frank Clancy, American politician
Taliqua Clancy (born 1992), Australian beach volleyball player
Thomas Owen Clancy, American historian
Tim Clancy, Irish footballer
Tom Clancy (1947–2013), American author
Tom Clancy (singer), Irish folk musician, one of the Clancy Brothers
William Clancy, Irish missionary
Willie Clancy (hurler), Irish hurler
Fictional characters
Kanuka Clancy, one of the main characters from the anime series Mobile Police Patlabor
Chief Wiggum, Clancy Wiggum, character on The Simpsons
Clancy Freeman, a recurring character in Blue Heelers
Clancy, the protagonist in US-band Twenty One Pilots's fifth studio album Trench
Clancy of the Overflow, the titular character in a Banjo Paterson poem, possibly based on Australian drover Thomas Gerald Clancy
See also
Clancey
References
Surnames of Irish origin
Anglicised Irish-language surnames
Irish families
Septs of the Dál gCais |
4016872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengt-%C3%85ke%20Gustafsson | Bengt-Åke Gustafsson | Bengt-Åke Gustafsson (born 23 March 1958) is a Swedish ice hockey coach and former ice hockey player. Gustafsson is a former head coach of the Sweden men's national ice hockey team, a post he held from February 2005 to May 2010.
During his North American career, including two games in the World Hockey Association then nine seasons in the National Hockey League with the Washington Capitals, he was often called Bengt Gustafsson or Gus.
The Capitals also selected Gustafsson's son, Anton Gustafsson, with the first of their two first-round picks in the 2008 NHL Entry Draft.
In 2003, Gustafsson was inducted into the IIHF Hall of Fame as a player.
Playing career
Gustafsson started his professional career in 1973, playing for Bofors IK in the Swedish third tier league. He later transferred to Färjestads BK of the Elitserien. Gustafsson was drafted by the Washington Capitals in the fourth round of the 1978 NHL Amateur Draft. Gustafsson chose to play the 1978–79 season in his homeland Sweden, but he signed with the WHA's Edmonton Oilers in March 1979. Gustafsson made his North American pro debut in the WHA playoffs that spring, picking up a goal and two assists in two games. When the Oilers merged into the NHL that summer, despite their attempts to select him as one of their two protected skaters for the 1979 NHL Expansion Draft, the Capitals reclaimed Gustafsson's rights from Edmonton as they did not have a valid contract with him before the draft.
In the 1986-1987 season, Gustafsson played for Bofors IK in the second highest Swedish division and still was selected for the national team, which caused some controversy, before playing two more NHL seasons. After retiring from the NHL he played with Färjestads BK for the next four seasons, then spent several years playing with VEU Feldkirch in the Austrian Hockey League and the coincident tri-nation Alpenliga, winning five Austrian ice hockey championships and the 1997–98 European Hockey League championship.
International play
Gustafsson earned 117 caps for the Swedish national team and has played in five (1979, 1981, 1983, 1987 and 1991) World Championships with the Swedish national team. In both 1987 and 1991 he won the gold medal, got silver in 1981 and bronze in 1979.
He also played in the Canada Cup in 1984 and 1987.
In 1992 he represented Sweden in the Olympic Games in Albertville.
Coaching career
Gustafsson started his career behind the bench as an assistant coach on the Swiss national team, serving under head coach Ralph Krueger. He attended five World Championships with the Swiss team between 1998 and 2002.
Additionally Gustafsson worked as head coach of Austrian VEU Feldkirch in the 1998-99 season, followed by a two-year stint as head coach of SC Langnau of the Swiss top-flight National League A (1999-2001). In 2001, he accepted the head coaching job at Färjestads BK in the Swedish Elitserien. He guided the team to the Swedish championship in 2002 and to back-to-back finals appearances the following two years.
Gustafsson was named head coach of the Swedish national team in 2005. Under his guidance, Tre Kronor captured gold at the 2006 Olympic Games and the 2006 World Championships, becoming the first coach to achieve this "double". He earned Swedish Coach of the Year honors that year. Gustafsson also led Team Sweden to a bronze medal at the 2009 World Championships. He stepped down from his position in 2010.
In October 2010, he took over as head coach of the ZSC Lions of the Swiss top-flight National League A (NLA) and remained in the job until the end of the 2010-11 season.
On 6 May 2011 Gustafsson was named the head coach of Atlant Moscow Oblast of the Kontinental Hockey League (KHL), becoming the first Swede to be named the head coach of a KHL team. However, after a disappointing start of the 2011–12 season for Moscow Oblast, Gustafsson was forced to leave the club on 3 November 2011. The team's then assistant coach Janne Karlsson took over the head-coaching job for Moscow Oblast.
In December 2012, he was named head coach of the Nürnberg Ice Tigers of the German Deutsche Eishockey Liga and replaced Jeff Tomlinson who had been sacked. After the season, Gustafsson did not have his contract renewed.
In October 2013, he returned to Swiss SC Langnau for a second spell with the club, having previously spent two years with the Tigers. He led SCL to the NLB title and to promotion to the NLA in 2015, but parted company with the club despite the success. On January 24, 2017, he took over the head coaching position at NLB side EHC Olten. He was sacked in early February 2018 following a run of five wins in 15 contests and after dropping to the 4th place of the NLB standings.
Coaching style
He has been reported as a "player's coach", listening to and arguing with his players rather than telling them what to do. In a SVT interview he stated: "[Ice] hockey is played on the ice, not behind the bench. As coach I can point things out to them and make them aware of stuff but they are the ones who play the game. As a player I have to confess that I didn't listen that much to what the coach said, and as a coach I don't expect them to do either."
He was criticised for asking various players whom they would like to see in the team and how they wanted to play and for asking players how they would like to see the lines formed. He then went in and adjusted the lines as the tournaments went on. The criticism has been somewhat subdued after his 2006 Olympic and IIHF WC double.
The Olympic and IIHF team only shared eight players. Most of the stars from Olympics was missing. Only Jörgen Jönsson, Kenny Jönsson, Henrik Zetterberg, Niklas Kronwall, Mikael Samuelsson, Stefan Liv, Ronnie Sundin and Mika Hannula participated in both tournaments.
Awards and achievements as player
Named to the 1977 World Junior Championships All-Star Team
Bronze at 1979 World Championships
Silver at 1981 World Championships
Named to the Swedish All-Star Team in 1983
Named to the Swedish All-Star Team in 1987
Awarded Guldhjälmen (Swedish Most Valuable Player) in 1990
Gold medal at the 1987 and 1991 World Championships
94, 95, 96, 97, 98 Austrian champion with VEU Feldkirch
Won 1998 European Hockey League with Feldkirch
Named to the Alpenliga All-Star Team in 1997
2003 Inductee into the IIHF Hall of Fame
Awards and achievements as coach
Swedish champion as head coach for Färjestads BK in 2002
2006 Olympic Champion and 2006 World Champion with Sweden
Bronze medal at 2009 and 2010 World Championships
Named as Swedish Coach of the Year in 2006
Won NLB Championship and guided SCL Tigers to promotion to NLA in 2014-15
Records
Set a Washington Capitals record (since broken) for points by a rookie with 60 in 1979–80.
Scored the fastest goal from the start of a period (5 seconds in third period) vs. the Philadelphia Flyers on January 18, 1983.
First coach in history to win the Olympics and the IIHF World Championship in the same year (2006).
Notable events
Scored the game-winning goal for the Washington Capitals in the franchise's first victory over the Montreal Canadiens on February 19, 1980.
Became the first Washington Capitals player to attempt two penalty shots in the same season in 1980–81.
Scored 5 goals to beat the Philadelphia Flyers 7–1 on January 8, 1984.
Played on the Swedish team that reached the Canada Cup final vs Canada in 1984.
He played his entire nine-year NHL career with the Washington Capitals and notched 555 points (196 goals, 359 assists) in 629 games.
Inducted into the International Ice Hockey Federation Hall of Fame in 2003.
Appointed head coach for the Swedish national men's ice hockey team in 2005
Became first coach in history to win both Olympic and IIHF World Championship the same year during the 2006 Winter Olympics and 2006 Ice Hockey World Championship.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
http://washingtoncapitalslegends.blogspot.fr/2007/07/bengt-ake-gustafsson.html
1958 births
Living people
Bofors IK players
Edmonton Oilers (WHA) players
Färjestad BK players
Ice hockey players at the 1992 Winter Olympics
IIHF Hall of Fame inductees
Olympic gold medalists for Sweden
Olympic ice hockey players of Sweden
People from Karlskoga Municipality
Sweden men's national ice hockey team coaches
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Austria
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in Canada
Swedish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Swedish ice hockey coaches
Swedish ice hockey centres
Washington Capitals draft picks
Washington Capitals players
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Örebro County |
4016874 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20Aiso | John F. Aiso | John Fujio Aiso (December 14, 1909 – December 29, 1987) was an American nisei military leader, lawyer and judge. Aiso was the Director and head instructor of the Military Intelligence Service Language School, and the highest-ranking Japanese American in the U.S. Army during World War II. He was also the first Japanese American appointed as a judge in the contiguous United States.
Early life
Born in the Los Angeles suburb of Burbank, Aiso was an excellent student, despite encounters with anti-Japanese prejudice. He later described one of his first memories as being called a "Jap" by an elderly woman on a streetcar, explaining the amount of effort he put into his schoolwork was largely to counteract such comments. He was elected student body president of his junior high school in 1922, but the victory proved to be short lived: parents protested a Japanese American holding the position, and student government was suspended until Aiso left the school. He went on to attend Hollywood High School, where he drew national attention when he won the school's oratorical competition on the U.S. Constitution in 1926. However, he was once again forced to step down, when he was told he could not compete at the national championship and would instead have to coach his runner up.
Education and career
After graduating at the top of his Hollywood High School class in 1926, Aiso spent a year in Japan, studying Japanese at Seijo University in Tokyo. He returned to the United States after receiving a scholarship to attend Brown University, where he captained the debate team and majored in economics, graduating cum laude and serving as class valedictorian in 1931. He continued his studies at Harvard Law School, completing his degree in 1934.
Between 1935 and 1952, he worked in private practice in Los Angeles and New York. In 1936, he spent another year in Tokyo, working with Japanese banks on behalf of his U.S. law firm, and while there he studied Japanese law at Chuo University. From 1937 to 1940, he worked for the British American Tobacco Company in Japanese-occupied Manchuria.
After his return to the United States, Aiso was drafted into the army, reporting for active duty in April 1941. Originally stationed at Fort MacArthur, Aiso was assigned to menial tasks due to discrimination, and was working in the motor pool when his proficiency in the Japanese language was recognized by Fourth Army G-2 officer, Capt. Kai E. Rasmussen, who was tasked with developing a Japanese language school, and transferred Aiso to the hastily formed (and, at first, secret) Military Intelligence Service Language School (MISLS). Recruited by MISLS head Lt Col John Weckerling as an instructor at the school, Aiso, then a Private First Class, couldn't be expected to teach officers, and Japanese Americans were prohibited from being commissioned at the time, so he was to be discharged, transferred to Reserve service, and hired as a War Department Civilian.
Aiso distinguished himself in his role, earning praise from his commanders and his fellow instructors, and was soon appointed the Director of Academic Training, a position normally held by a Lieutenant Colonel. When the Chief of Army Intelligence, Gen Clayton Lawrence Bissell, visited the school in 1944, he was outraged that a civilian was placed in command of military personnel, and went back to Washington to demand a direct commission for Aiso to Major. In this position, he became the highest-ranking Japanese American in the United States Army during the Second World War, eventually separating from active duty with the rank of lieutenant colonel.
Under his inspiring leadership as director of academic training, the MISLS rapidly expanded. He recruited and trained a staff of over 150, developed course materials, and set the highest academic standards. The more than 6,000 graduates contributed immeasurably to the American victory over Imperial Japan and to winning the peace that followed. (General Charles Willoughby credited Aiso's MIS graduates with shortening the war by two years and saving close to a million lives.)
After the Allied victory in August 1945, Aiso refocused the MISLS curriculum to prepare students for roles in the occupation of Japan. In January 1946, he would transfer to Gen Douglas MacArthur's staff as a legal assistant under MacArthur's G-2 chief, Gen Charles A. Willoughby, working in the investigation and enforcement of the political purge dictated by the Potsdam Declaration. Aiso was released from active duty and returned to Los Angeles in February 1947, returning to private law practice . He would later be promoted to a colonel in the Army Reserve, before retiring in 1965.
In 1950, he received an honorary master's degree from Brown University. In 1952, he served as a Superior Court Commissioner for one year. Aiso was then appointed to the Los Angeles Municipal Court in 1953, where he served until he was elevated to the Los Angeles Superior Court in 1957. He was the first Japanese American to enter the California State Judiciary when then Governor Ronald Reagan appointed Aiso as an associate justice of the California Court of Appeal, Second Appellate District, on November 4, 1968.
Awards and accolades
President Lyndon B. Johnson awarded him the Legion of Merit in 1965 for his service during World War II. In 1984, the Emperor of Japan awarded him the 3rd Class Order of the Rising Sun for his contributions to understanding and friendship between the United States and Japan. He was inducted into the Military Intelligence Corps Hall of Fame in 1991. The Aiso Library at the Defense Language Institute (DLI) Foreign Language Center is named in his honor for his contributions as the chief instructor of MISLS, the predecessor of DLI. In the Little Tokyo community of Los Angeles, a one-block segment of San Pedro Street between Temple Boulevard and 1st Street has been renamed Judge John Aiso Street in his honor.
Death
John Aiso died December 29, 1987, from a head injury sustained in an attempted mugging. Aiso, 78, was filling his car at a Hollywood gas station when he was attacked and knocked to the pavement; he died two weeks later in a Burbank hospital.
See also
List of Asian American jurists
References
1909 births
1987 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American judges
American jurists of Japanese descent
American military personnel of Japanese descent
California state court judges
Brown University alumni
Deaths by beating in the United States
Harvard Law School alumni
Hollywood High School alumni
Male murder victims
Military personnel from California
Municipal judges in the United States
People from Burbank, California
People murdered in California
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Recipients of the Order of the Rising Sun, 3rd class
Superior court judges in the United States
United States Army colonels
United States Army personnel of World War II |
4016884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speldhurst | Speldhurst | Speldhurst is a village and civil parish in the borough of Tunbridge Wells in Kent, England. The parish is to the west of Tunbridge Wells: the village is west of the town.
Speldhurst has a primary school, a parish church, a general store with post office, a pub, and a small business park. There is a residential care home for the elderly, Birchwood House, which is a former manor house with a rich history.
History
The name Speldhurst derives from the Old English for 'wooded hill ('hyrst') where wood-chips ('speld') are found'.
Parish Church
St Mary's Church Speldhurst was designed by John Oldrid Scott and built by Hope Constable of Penshurst, being dedicated to St Mary on 6 May 1871. The stained glass windows are by Burne Jones and William Morris. At present the parish of Speldhurst is part of a united parish with Ashurst and Groombridge. A previous incumbent of St Mary's Church Speldhurst was Rev Baden Powell, the father of Lord Baden-Powell who founded the Scout Movement. Rev. Powell married his second wife in the Church, and she is buried in the churchyard.
The hymnwriter Francis Pott resided in the parish until his death in 1909. Pott, who wrote popular hymns such as "Angel voices, ever singing" and "The strife is o'er, the battle done", donated a chalice and paten to the church plate of St Mary's.
Local customs
Speldhurst has an annual pram race on the second Sunday in May. There are various race categories of different age groups with the main event being two laps around the village. Contestants have to push a "baby" around the course and all have to down half a pint every time they pass the two drinks stations, one situated by the George and Dragon and the other by the old Northfields pub.
Parish villages and hamlets
Ashurst
Langton Green
Old Groombridge
Speldhurst itself
Stone Cross, a hamlet which includes Burrswood, a building designed by Decimus Burton
References
External links
Speldhurst Online
Speldhurst Parish Council website
St Mary's church
Speldhurst Pram Race
Birchwood House
Villages in Kent
Civil parishes in Kent |
4016894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Sturt | Michael Sturt | Michael Ormonde Cleasby Sturt (born 12 September 1941) is an English businessman and cricketer.
Mike Sturt was born in Wembley, Middlesex. He played county cricket for Middlesex County Cricket Club in six separate seasons between 1961 and 1978, as a right-handed lower-order batsman and a highly efficient deputy wicketkeeper, for most of the period playing only when John Murray was not available through Test or other commitments. He played in 33 first-class matches, taking 64 catches and making 8 stumpings.
He combined a successful business career with his cricket and he was a longtime committee member for both Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) and Middlesex. He has served as an MCC Trustee and as the County Chairman of Middlesex in 1993, before he suddenly resigned due to "a matter of principle".
References
External links
Mike Sturt at Cricinfo
1941 births
Living people
English cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Chairmen of Middlesex County Cricket Club
Cricketers from Wembley |
4016895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20Broady | Earl Broady | Earl Clifford Broady (1904–1992) was a judge, attorney, police officer and pianist in Los Angeles. He joined the police department in 1927, later becoming Deputy D.A., and then a judge.
Broady lead a jazz ensemble known as Broady's Hot Footers.
Broady was hired as Chief Deputy District Attorney by District Attorney Evelle Younger. He was the first African American in upper management in the office.
He was a highly respected judge who was regularly assigned high profile and complicated cases.
Personal life
Broady once said, "I not only was born across the tracks. I was born on the wrong side of that place across the tracks.” He began working as a janitor at age 13, and in his early years worked as a mail carrier, and was an accomplished pianist and a band leader. Later in life he was known for his philanthropy.
Career
Broady joined the Los Angeles Police Department in 1927. He became one of the first African American police officers to be elevated to the rank of Lieutenant and Watch Commander at the Los Angeles Police Force.
He attended night classes at University of Southern California USC and the Los Angeles College of Law, and in 1944 left the LAPD to practice law. He was later elected president of the Criminal Courts Bar Association of Los Angeles, and became Chief Deputy District Attorney for Los Angeles County.He was appointed to be a judge on the Los Angeles Superior Court on June 7, 1965, where he served until his retirement in 1978. Judge Broady also served on the McCone Commission, which studied the causes behind the Watts riots.
He gave $1 million to Howard University in honor of Los Angeles lawyer Curtis C. Taylor in whose office Broady started his legal career.
References
1904 births
1992 deaths
California state court judges
African-American judges
African-American police officers
American police officers
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century American judges
20th-century African-American people |
4016903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayleen%20Froese | Gayleen Froese | Gayleen Froese (born 1972 in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan) is a Canadian mystery novelist, writer, and singer-songwriter. Her first novel, Touch, was published by Edmonton's NeWest Press in 2005. The sequel, Grayling Cross was published by NeWest Press in 2011. Her upcoming detective novel, The Girl Whose Luck Ran Out, will be published in June 2022 by DSP Publications.
Froese was educated at Ryerson University in Toronto. Her first album, Obituary, won an Undiscovered Artist Award from CBC Radio. Froese appeared on Canadian Learning Television's A Total Write Off in 2006, and was one of twelve writers selected as a finalist for BookTelevision's 3 Day Novel Contest in 2007. (Filmed in 2007, the show did not air until late 2009; Froese ended up as the winning contestant.) She was also shortlisted in the overall 2007 International Three-Day Novel Contest.
Touch is set in Victoria, British Columbia and features Anna Gareau and Collie Kostyna, two women who become involved in a murder mystery. Gareau is a psychometrist, whose ability to discover secrets by touching objects draws her into a realistic supernatural community. In "Grayling Cross", Anna and Collie have established themselves in Edmonton as PR experts who keep things quiet for the local magical community. The book is a locked-room murder involving teleportation.
Froese's non-fiction and humour writing has appeared in publications including See Magazine, The Rat Creek Press, and The Session.
Currently, Froese lives in the Avenue District of Edmonton, Alberta.
Bibliography
Touch (2005)
Grayling Cross (2011)
Discography
Obituary (1997)
Chimera (1999)
Sacrifice (2005)
References
External links
Gayleen Froese
Crime Writers of Canada
1972 births
Living people
Canadian mystery writers
Canadian women singer-songwriters
Musicians from Saskatoon
Writers from Saskatoon
Musicians from Edmonton
Writers from Edmonton
Writers from Prince Albert, Saskatchewan
Canadian women novelists
Women mystery writers
21st-century Canadian women singers
20th-century Canadian women singers |
4016917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agustin%20Olvera | Agustin Olvera | Agustin Olvera (1820-1876) was a pioneer of Los Angeles, California, and was active in the political affairs of the time.
Biography
Accompanying his uncle, Ygnacio Coronel, he came to California in 1834 as a member of the Híjar-Padrés Colony. In 1842, Olvera married Concepción Argüello (1815–1853), daughter of Santiago Argüello. After her death, Olvera married in 1859 Maria Ortega (1823–1918), widow of Edward Stokes.
Olvera held various offices in the Mexican administration. Olvera was granted Rancho Mission Viejo in 1842 and the Rancho Cuyamaca in 1845. Olvera helped to bridge the gap between the governance of California by Mexico and the United States. Olvera later served as captain in Flores' campaign against Frémont and was one of the commission of three that negotiated peace with the American forces at Cahuenga. As a commissioner he signed the Treaty of Cahuenga ending the war in California.
U.S. Military Governor Bennet Riley appointed Olvera to be Judge of the First Instance in 1849. Augustin Olvera was subsequently elected the first county judge of the newly formed County of Los Angeles in 1850. He relied upon a bilingual Sheriff to translate the proceedings from Spanish because he did not speak English when he first took the bench. Along with his legal duties, Olvera was responsible, with his two associate justices, for administering county business until the establishment of the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors two years later. When his term expired in 1853, he entered the private practice of law. He was a Los Angeles County Supervisor in 1855.
Olvera was a member of the Los Angeles Common Council in 1851–52.
Legacy
In 1877, the Los Angeles Common Council changed the name of Vine Street to Olvera Street in his honor. Olvera held the first county court trials in his home near the historic Olvera Street marketplace and plaza.
In 1959, the actor Cesar Romero played Olvera in an episode of the same name on the syndicated television anthology series, Death Valley Days, hosted by Stanley Andrews.
References
1818 births
1876 deaths
People of Alta California
Californios
Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors
19th-century American politicians |
4016923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance%20McKee | Constance McKee | Constance McKee is the founder, President and CEO of Asilomar Pharmaceuticals. She is the co-inventor of one of the technologies upon which Asilomar's products are based. She is the former CEO of SynGenix Limited of Cambridge, UK. From 1990 to 1994, she was CEO of Cambridge Quantum Fund I, a seed venture fund at University of Cambridge.
McKee is an honors graduate of Stanford University and holds an MBA from Yale School of Management. She was also the recipient of a Bosch Fellowship in Germany.
References
Constance McKee bio at Asilomar
Yale School of Management alumni
Stanford University alumni
American women chief executives
Living people
American chief executives of financial services companies
American technology chief executives
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women |
4016935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Giesler | Jerry Giesler | Harold Lee Giesler, known professionally as Jerry Giesler (November 2, 1886 – January 1, 1962) was an American trial attorney.
Giesler was the defense attorney of record for many of the highest-profile litigations, both criminal and civil, in the United States during the first half of the twentieth century. He represented Clarence Darrow, Charles Chaplin, Alexander Pantages (three times), Errol Flynn, Busby Berkeley, Bugsy Siegel, and Marilyn Monroe, among many others. His reputation for winning cases that appeared unwinnable was such that "Get me Giesler!" became a media epithet attached to any celebrity or prominent public figure facing serious criminal charges or an onerous civil dispute.
Giesler served for a number of years on the board of governors of the State Bar of California, and as president of the Beverly Hills Bar Association.
Early career
Giesler was born in Wilton Junction, Iowa, on November 2, 1886. Though christened Harold Lee Giesler, he preferred the nickname Jerry from a young age, and used it professionally throughout his career. In 1906 he enrolled at the University of Iowa College of Law. After one year, he relocated to Los Angeles—where he remained for the rest of his life—and continued his law studies at the University of Southern California. Midway through his second year, he began working in the office of the celebrated attorney Earl Rogers, and later left law school to become Rogers' full-time research assistant. In 1910, he was admitted to the bar (a law degree was not a prerequisite for bar candidates at that time; law students could sit for the examination as soon as they felt qualified) and joined Rogers' firm as a junior associate.
In early 1912, Clarence Darrow was charged with two counts of attempted bribery of prospective jurors during the McNamara brothers trial, and retained Rogers to defend him. During preparation, Darrow and Rogers asked Giesler to research a point of law for them. He submitted a 40-page brief, and was invited to join the defense team itself. "Never ... have I had another thrill," he later wrote, "to equal what I felt on being allowed to be a member of such a team." The two charges were tried separately; the first trial ended with acquittal, and the second with a hung jury and dismissal of the case. Darrow later invited Giesler to join his Chicago law firm. Though he considered it "the greatest possible honor", Giesler chose to remain with Rogers, and after Rogers' death, to open his own practice in Los Angeles.
Famous cases and clients
Giesler garnered attention in the 1920s by defending Walburga Oesterreich in the infamous "Love in the Loft" murder case, but became truly famous by defending theater mogul Alexander Pantages for rape. Errol Flynn relied on him to win acquittal on charges of statutory rape. Other famous clients included actor Robert Mitchum, and director Busby Berkeley. After the first two trials for murder ended in hung juries, Berkeley was acquitted in a third.
Giesler also won acquittal for Lili St. Cyr, Charlie Chaplin, gangster Bugsy Siegel and Buron Fitts, a district attorney accused of improper conduct. In the "White Flame Murder" case, Giesler won his client freedom with a temporary insanity defense. He secured a four-month sentence for producer Walter Wanger for shooting his wife's (the actress Joan Bennett) agent. Wanger suspected he and Bennett were having an affair, which she denied.
In December 1949, Giesler won an acquittal of incest and child molestation charges against Dr. George Hodel, who later became a suspect in the still-unsolved Black Dahlia murder investigation.
In 1958, Giesler defended 14-year-old Cheryl Crane, actress Lana Turner's daughter, who was accused of fatally stabbing her mother's abusive lover, gangster Johnny Stompanato. The killing was eventually ruled justifiable homicide.
George Reeves's death from a gunshot wound to the head, in 1959, was ruled a suicide. Reeves's mother thought the ruling premature and peremptory, and retained Giesler to represent her in her bid to have the case reinvestigated as a possible murder. The findings of a second autopsy, conducted at Giesler's request, were the same as the first, except for a series of bruises of unknown origin about the head and body. A month later, having uncovered no additional evidence, Giesler announced that he was satisfied that the gunshot wound had been self-inflicted, and withdrew.
Giesler handled civil as well as criminal cases. He represented Marilyn Monroe in her much publicized 1954 divorce from Joe DiMaggio. Other prominent divorce clients included Rudolph Valentino, Zsa Zsa Gabor, Barbara Hutton, John Crawford, and Shelley Winters.
Death
Jerry Giesler died at age 75 on New Year's Day in 1962, after a series of heart attacks, the last and most serious in October 1961. He was interred in a crypt in the Great Mausoleum of Forest Lawn Memorial Park in Glendale, California.
Notes
External links
Des Moines Register, Famous Iowans
1886 births
1962 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
Criminal defense lawyers
Trial lawyers
USC Gould School of Law alumni
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Glendale)
People from Wilton, Iowa |
4016940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Series%20Lacrosse | Ontario Series Lacrosse | Ontario Series Lacrosse, known as the OLA Senior B Lacrosse League from 1999-2019, is a Senior box lacrosse league based out of Ontario, Canada sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association. Many of the players in the league play or have played in the National Lacrosse League. OSL winners earn a chance at the national championship—the Presidents Cup.
History
The league was formed in late 1999 with play beginning in 2000. Founding members of the league were the Arthur Aces, Brooklin Merchants and St. Clair Storm. Burlington Chiefs, Owen Sound Woodsmen and Six Nations Crash and were accepted for the 2001 season.
The Ennismore Shamrocks were added for the 2002 season while the Six Nations Crash changed their named to the Six Nations Mohawk Stars.
The league expanded again for 2003 with the Ajax-Pickering Rock and Kitchener-Waterloo Kodiaks. The loss of the Burlington franchise for the 2004 season was offset by the addition of the Barrie Sr. Lakeshores.
Barrie won the league championship in their inaugural season and immediately moved to Major Series Lacrosse in 2005.
At the beginning of the 2006 season, the Kitchener-Waterloo Kodiaks purchased the St. Catharines Athletics MSL team, leaving the Senior B league at seven teams. Also in 2006, the Arthur Aces were renamed the Wellington Aces.
Prior to the start of the 2007 season, the St. Clair Storm announced that they were folding. The Ennismore Shamrocks changed ownership and became the Norwood Nitro, the first of three name changes to come.
In 2009, the Owen Sound Woodsmen became the first team in league history to win back-to-back Presidents Cups championships. In 2010, the Woodsmen would win their fourth-consecutive and seventh overall league title, both league records.
At the beginning of the 2010 season the Nitro changed their name to Norwood Champs, then Ennismore James Gang in 2013. Huntsville Hawks were added as a new franchise for the 2010 season.
St. Catharines Saints joined the league for the 2011 season and won the 2013 Presidents Cup in just their third season.
Sarnia Beavers joined in 2012 and the Six Nations Rivermen in 2013. Sarnia relocated as the Wallaceburg Thrashers for 2015.
After hosting the Presidents Cup in 2015, the St. Catharines Saints ceased operations.
In March 2016 the OSBLL announced expansion into Waterloo, Ontario, as the MSL's Kitchener-Waterloo Kodiaks had relocated to Cobourg, Ontario.
In 2019, the league rebranded as Ontario Series Lacrosse.
Teams
Former teams
Ajax-Pickering Rock (2003-2010)
Arthur/Wellington Aces/Wellington-Dufferin Titans (became Oakville Titans in 2013)
Barrie Sr. Lakeshores (2004)
Burlington Sr. Chiefs (2001-2003)
Ennismore Shamrocks/Norwood Nitro/Norwood Champs (became Ennnismore James Gang in 2013)
Huntsville Hawks (2010-2012)
Kitchener-Waterloo Kodiaks (2003-2006)
Kitchener-Waterloo Velocity (2017-2019)
Sarnia Beavers/Wallaceburg Thrashers (2012-2015)
Six Nations Crash/Mohawk Stars/Ohsweken Warriors (2001-2011)
St. Catharines Saints (2011-2015)
St. Clair Storm (2001-2006)
Clare Levack Memorial Trophy Champions
Champion moves on to the Presidents Cup national championship.
Presidents Cup winners
References
External links
OLA Senior B website
OLA Official website
Ontario Lacrosse Association
Lacrosse leagues in Canada
1999 establishments in Ontario
Sports leagues established in 1999 |
4016944 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystals%20of%20Zong | Crystals of Zong | Crystals of Zong is a maze-chase game written by Sean McKinnon for the Commodore 64 and published by Cymbal Software in 1983.
Gameplay
Each level consists of nine single-screen rooms arranged in a 3×3 grid. At the centre of each room is a locked treasure area. The treasure areas in eight of the rooms contain different treasures and one of the rooms contains a ladder to the next level. The player's task is to navigate the maze-like corridors of the rooms to unlock the treasure areas and get the treasure. The player can descend to the next level via the ladder once they've unlocked it, collecting all the treasures is not necessary to proceed.
Various monsters inhabit the rooms. The monsters start out slow and dim-witted, but become faster and smarter on later levels. Contact with a monster kills the player instantly. In each room, there is a sword, collecting which temporarily gives the player the ability to kill the monsters. After some time, the monsters return.
There is a time limit to each level in the form a torch health bar, which decreases slowly as time passes. It can be replenished by collecting the torch power up, and paused altogether once the lantern, one of the treasures, is obtained.
References
External links
1983 video games
Maze games
Commodore 64 games
Commodore 64-only games
Video games developed in the United Kingdom |
4016946 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20Rogers | Earl Rogers | Earl Rogers (November 18, 1869 – February 22, 1922) was an American trial lawyer and professor, who later became the inspiration for Perry Mason.
Life
Earl Rogers was born in Perry, New York on November 18, 1869, the son of Methodist minister Lowell L. Rogers and Ada (Andrus) Rogers. The Reverend Rogers moved the Rogers family to California in 1874. Rogers attended Ashland Academy in Ashland, Oregon and St. Helena Academy in St. Helena, California. He then studied at Syracuse University, but left to return to California after his father went bankrupt.
Rogers worked as a newspaper reporter, then studied law under former U.S. senator Stephen M. White and Judge William P. Gardiner. Rogers was admitted to the bar in 1897, and began to practice in Los Angeles. Among the prospective attorneys who studied law under Rogers was Buron Fitts, who later became a Los Angeles County district attorney.
As a defense counsel, Rogers handled 77 murder trials and lost only three . He astonished medical experts on the witness stand with his technical questions . His expertise was so complete that he became a professor of medical jurisprudence and insanity in the College of Physicians and Surgeons as well as a professor at the University of Southern California Law School. In "The Case of the Grinning Skull," Rogers introduced the victim's skull to prove what appeared to be a fracture caused by a violent blow from a blunt instrument, in fact, was the result of the autopsy surgeon's carelessness. The jury returned a not guilty verdict.
Ten years after his death, impressed with accounts of Rogers' cases, attorney and author Erle Stanley Gardner reincarnated Rogers as the character Perry Mason. Earl Rogers's life is recounted by his daughter Adela Rogers St. Johns, who was his assistant for most of his legal career, in her book Final Verdict (Doubleday, 1962), which was the basis of the television film Final Verdict, that was produced by Warner Bros.
Notable cases
William Alford, 1899
Rogers defended William Alford from a murder charge by entering the victim's intestines into evidence. An expert witness testified that the path of the bullet confirmed Alford's story .
Charles F. Mootry, 1899
Rogers defended Charles F. Mootry from a charge of murdering his wife by appealing to the jurors' own feelings about their wives. After the trial, when Mootry tried to congratulate Rogers, he turned away from Mootry and said, "Get away from me, you slimy pimp; you're as guilty as hell and you know it."
The Catalina Island murder 1902
Rogers is also remembered for the defense in the Catalina Island murder case. In the early morning of August 13, 1902 at the Metropole Hotel, a gambler, William A. Yeagar, better known as "the Louisville Sport," was murdered during a card game. Alfred Boyd was one of three men in the room playing poker. Harry Johnson, who was at the table, ran from the room, yelling "He shot him, he shot him!" and handed Boyd's gun to bartender Jim Davis, who thought that there was no question that Boyd was the killer. Boyd was charged with the murder, but Rogers won an acquittal..
Griffith J. Griffith, 1903
Colonel Griffith J. Griffith, the namesake of Griffith Park, was tried for the attempted murder of his wife. He was convicted of the lesser charge of assault with a deadly weapon and served two years in prison.
Morrison Buck, 1906
In 1906, Rogers made one of his rare appearances for the prosecution and used his medical expertise to send Morris Buck to the gallows for the murder of Chloe Canfield, wife of Charles A. Canfield (1848-1913).
Patrick Calhoun 1909
Patrick Calhoun, president of the United Railroad Company, was charged with bribing the San Francisco Board of Supervisors in exchange for granting the overhead trolley franchise to his company in the wake of the 1906 San Francisco earthquake. Rogers defended Calhoun, but during his trials and all the related trials of United Railroad Company's general counsel, Tiery Ford, Rogers did not call a single witness nor introduce any evidence, arguing that the prosecution simply hadn't made a case against the defendants. On June 20, 1909, the Calhoun jury was deadlocked, with the final jury vote at ten for acquittal and two for conviction. He was not retried.
Clarence Darrow, 1912-1913
Perhaps the most famous lawyer-client disagreements recorded in legal history were those which developed between Clarence Darrow, indicted for attempted jury bribery in Los Angeles in 1912, and Earl Rogers. The case arose out of Darrow's defense of the McNamara brothers, labor leaders who were indicted in the 1910 dynamiting of the Los Angeles Times building, in which 21 Times non-union employees were killed.
The McNamara brothers were indicted, and Clarence Darrow was brought in to defend them. The case gripped the attention of the entire nation. Before the McNamara brothers could plead guilty, however, Darrow himself was charged by the Los Angeles district attorney with an attempt to bribe a juror. Darrow then hired Rogers as his chief counsel.
When the case went to trial, however, Darrow frequently disagreed with his attorney over how the case should be tried. According to the account of Adela Rogers St. Johns, much of her father's energy during the trial was given over to trying to persuade Darrow and his wife to accept his position on how to try the case.
Rogers was successful in getting Darrow, the great champion of organized labor, to refrain from making an argument essentially condoning the dynamiting of the Times building and the killing of 21 people. Rogers and Darrow both made closing arguments. Rogers' short summary of the evidence was business-like and to the point, emphasizing his own theory of the case that Darrow was too smart to have been involved in a bribery scheme and that he would not in any event have knowingly run across the street at the scene of the bribery and thus drawn attention to his presence at the scene.
Darrow was acquitted, but he was later indicted for allegedly attempting to bribe another juror in the McNamara case. Rogers began the second case as lead counsel but was soon forced to withdraw for health reasons. The second bribery trial ended in a hung jury, with several jurors holding out for a conviction.
It was not until many months later that the second indictment was finally dismissed, based on Darrow's agreement never to practice law in California again. The most difficult advocating that Earl Rogers faced in the Darrow case was to persuade Darrow not to continually hurt his own case with unappealing – if not suicidal – arguments."
The actor Robert Vaughn played Rogers in the episode, "Defendant: Clarence Darrow" (January 13, 1963), of the CBS anthology series, GE True, hosted by Jack Webb. In the story line, Darrow, played by Tol Avery, and Rogers argue passionately over legal procedures.
Jess Willard 1913
Rogers defended boxer Jess Willard on charges of second-degree murder stemming from the death of his opponent, John "Bull" Young, from a blow to the head in the ninth round of a boxing match on August 22, 1913. On January 13, 1914, a jury found Willard not guilty. Willard later went on to become heavyweight champion of the world.
Charles E. Sebastian, 1916
Rogers successfully defended Los Angeles Police Chief Charles E. Sebastian, who later became mayor, against a charge of contributing to the delinquency of a minor. While running for the mayor's office Sebastian was charged with many crimes but was later acquitted of all of them. However, he left City Hall on September 2, 1916, after adverse publicity concerning his personal life arose from the publication of several letters of a damaging nature, and Earl Rogers ran the mayor's office until Frederick T. Woodman was appointed acting mayor on September 5, 1916.
References
St. Johns, Adela Rogers, Final Verdict, (Doubleday, 1962)
External links
1869 births
1922 deaths
California lawyers
Criminal defense lawyers
Trial lawyers
Lawyers from Buffalo, New York
Burials at Evergreen Cemetery, Los Angeles
19th-century American lawyers
People from Perry, New York
Southern Oregon University alumni
Lawyers from Los Angeles |
4016952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/N-electron%20valence%20state%20perturbation%20theory | N-electron valence state perturbation theory | In quantum chemistry, n-electron valence state perturbation theory (NEVPT) is a perturbative treatment applicable to multireference CASCI-type wavefunctions. It can be considered as a generalization of the well-known second-order Møller–Plesset perturbation theory to multireference Complete Active Space cases. The theory is directly integrated into many quantum chemistry packages such as MOLCAS, Molpro, DALTON, PySCF and ORCA.
The research performed into the development of this theory led to various implementations. The theory here presented refers to the deployment for the Single-State NEVPT, where the perturbative correction is applied to a single electronic state.
Research implementations has been also developed for Quasi-Degenerate cases, where a set of electronic states undergo the perturbative correction at the same time, allowing interaction among themselves. The theory development makes use of the quasi-degenerate formalism by Lindgren and the Hamiltonian multipartitioning technique from Zaitsevskii and Malrieu.
Theory
Let be a zero-order CASCI wavefunction, defined as a linear combination of Slater determinants
obtained diagonalizing the true Hamiltonian inside the CASCI space
where is the projector inside the CASCI space.
It is possible to define perturber wavefunctions in NEVPT as zero-order wavefunctions of the outer space (external to CAS) where electrons are removed from the inactive part (core and virtual orbitals) and added to the valence part (active orbitals). At second order of perturbation . Decomposing the zero-order CASCI wavefunction as an antisymmetrized product of the inactive part and a valence part
then the perturber wavefunctions can be written as
The pattern of inactive orbitals involved in the procedure can be grouped as a collective index , so to represent the various perturber wavefunctions as , with an enumerator index for the different wavefunctions. The number of these functions is relative to the degree of contraction of the resulting perturbative space.
Supposing indexes and referring to core orbitals, and referring to active orbitals and and referring to virtual orbitals, the possible excitation schemes are:
two electrons from core orbitals to virtual orbitals (the active space is not enriched nor depleted of electrons, therefore )
one electron from a core orbital to a virtual orbital, and one electron from a core orbital to an active orbital (the active space is enriched with one electron, therefore )
one electron from a core orbital to a virtual orbital, and one electron from an active orbital to a virtual orbital (the active space is depleted with one electron, therefore )
two electrons from core orbitals to active orbitals (active space enriched with two electrons, )
two electrons from active orbitals to virtual orbitals (active space depleted with two electrons, )
These cases always represent situations where interclass electronic excitations happen. Other three excitation schemes involve a single interclass excitation plus an intraclass excitation internal to the active space:
one electron from a core orbital to a virtual orbital, and an internal active-active excitation ()
one electron from a core orbital to an active orbital, and an internal active-active excitation ()
one electron from an active orbital to a virtual orbital, and an internal active-active excitation ()
Totally Uncontracted Approach
A possible approach is to define the perturber wavefunctions into Hilbert spaces defined by those determinants with given k and l labels. The determinants characterizing these spaces can be written as a partition comprising the same inactive (core + virtual) part and all possible valence (active) parts
The full dimensionality of these spaces can be exploited to obtain the definition of the perturbers, by diagonalizing the Hamiltonian inside them
This procedure is impractical given its high computational cost: for each space, a diagonalization of the true Hamiltonian must be performed. Computationally, is preferable to improve the theoretical development making use of the modified Dyall's Hamiltonian . This Hamiltonian behaves like the true Hamiltonian inside the CAS space, having the same eigenvalues and eigenvectors of the true Hamiltonian projected onto the CAS space. Also, given the decomposition for the wavefunction defined before, the action of the Dyall's Hamiltonian can be partitioned into
stripping out the constant contribution of the inactive part and leaving a
subsystem to be solved for the valence part
The total energy is the sum of and the energies of the orbitals involved in the definition of the inactive part . This introduces the possibility to perform a single diagonalization of the valence Dyall's Hamiltonian on the CASCI zero-order wavefunction and evaluate the perturber energies using the property depicted above.
Strongly Contracted Approach
A different choice in the development of the NEVPT approach is to choose a single function for each space , leading to the Strongly Contracted (SC) scheme. A set of perturbative operators are used to produce a single function for each space, defined as the projection inside each space of the application of the Hamiltonian to the contracted zero order wavefunction. In other words,
where is the projector onto the subspace. This can be equivalently written as the application of a specific part of the Hamiltonian to the zero-order wavefunction
For each space, appropriate operators can be devised. We will not present their definition, as it could result overkilling. Suffice to say that the resulting perturbers are not normalized, and their norm
plays an important role in the Strongly Contracted development. To evaluate these norms, the spinless density matrix of rank not higher than three between the functions are needed.
An important property of the is that any other function of the space which is orthogonal to do not interact with the zero-order wavefunction through the true Hamiltonian. It is possible to use the functions as a basis set for the expansion of the first-order correction to the wavefunction, and also for the expression of the zero-order Hamiltonian by means of a spectral decomposition
where are the normalized .
The expression for the first-order correction to the wavefunction is therefore
and for the energy is
This result still misses a definition of the perturber energies , which can be defined in a computationally advantageous approach by means of the Dyall's Hamiltonian
leading to
Developing the first term and extracting the inactive part of the Dyall's Hamiltonian it can be obtained
with equal to the sum of the orbital energies of the newly occupied virtual orbitals minus the orbital energies of the unoccupied core orbitals.
The term that still needs to be evaluated is the bracket involving the commutator. This can be obtained developing each operator and substituting. To obtain the final result it is necessary to evaluate Koopmans matrices and density matrices involving only active indexes. An interesting case is represented by the contribution for the case, which is trivial and can be demonstrated identical to the Møller–Plesset second-order contribution
NEVPT2 can therefore be seen as a generalized form of MP2 to multireference wavefunctions.
Partially Contracted Approach
An alternative approach, named Partially Contracted (PC) is to define the perturber wavefunctions in a subspace of with dimensionality higher than one (like in case of the Strongly Contracted approach). To define this subspace, a set of functions is generated by means of the operators, after decontraction of their formulation. For example, in the case of the operator
The Partially Contracted approach makes use of functions and . These functions must be orthonormalized and purged of linear dependencies which may arise. The resulting set spans the space.
Once all the spaces have been defined, we can obtain as usual a set of perturbers from the diagonalization of the Hamiltonian (true or Dyall) inside this space
As usual, the evaluation of the Partially Contracted perturbative correction by means of the Dyall Hamiltonian involves simply manageable entities for nowadays computers.
Although the Strongly Contracted approach makes use of a perturbative space with very low flexibility, in general it provides values in very good agreement with those obtained by the more decontracted space defined for the Partially Contracted approach. This can be probably explained by the fact that the Strongly Contracted perturbers are a good average of the totally decontracted perturbative space.
The Partially Contracted evaluation has a very little overhead in computational cost with respect to the Strongly Contracted one, therefore they are normally evaluated together.
Properties
NEVPT is blessed with many important properties, making the approach very solid and reliable. These properties arise both from the theoretical approach used and on the Dyall's Hamiltonian particular structure:
Size consistency: NEVPT is size consistent (strict separable). Briefly, if A and B are two non-interacting systems, the energy of the supersystem A-B is equal to the sum of the energy of A plus the energy of B taken by themselves (). This property is of particular importance to obtain correctly behaving dissociation curves.
Absence of intruder states: in perturbation theory, divergencies can occur if the energy of some perturber happens to be nearly equal to the energy of the zero-order wavefunction. This situation, which is due to the presence of an energy difference at the denominator, can be avoided if the energies associated to the perturbers are guaranteed to be never nearly equal to the zero-order energy. NEVPT satisfies this requirement.
Invariance under active orbital rotation: The NEVPT results are stable if an intraclass active-active orbital mixing occurs. This arises both from the structure of the Dyall Hamiltonian and the properties of a CASSCF wavefunction. This property has been also extended to the intraclass core-core and virtual-virtual mixing, thanks to the Non Canonical NEVPT approach, allowing to apply a NEVPT evaluation without performing an orbital canonization (which is required, as we saw previously)
Spin purity is guaranteed: The resulting wave functions are guaranteed to be spin pure, due to the spin-free formalism.
Efficiency: although not a formal theoretical property, computational efficiency is highly important for the evaluation on medium-size molecular systems. The current limit of the NEVPT application is largely dependent on the feasibility of the previous CASSCF evaluation, which scales factorially with respect to the active space size. The NEVPT implementation using the Dyall's Hamiltonian involves the evaluation of Koopmans' matrices and density matrices up to the four-particle density matrix spanning only active orbitals. This is particularly convenient, given the small size of currently used active spaces.
Partitioning into additive classes: The perturbative correction to the energy is additive on eight different contributions. Although the evaluation of each contribution has a different computational cost, this fact can be used to improve performance, by parallelizing each contribution to a different processor.
See also
Electron correlation
Perturbation theory (quantum mechanics)
Post-Hartree–Fock
References
Electron states
Computational chemistry |
4016964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Kindersley%2C%201st%20Baron%20Kindersley | Robert Kindersley, 1st Baron Kindersley | Robert Molesworth Kindersley, 1st Baron Kindersley (21 November 1871 – 20 July 1954) was an English businessman, stockbroker, merchant banker, and public servant who organised the National Savings movement.
Background
Kindersley was born in Wanstead, Essex. His father was an Old Etonian from a wealthy family who had been a captain in the Indian Army, but had fallen on hard times since resigning his commission and becoming a chemist. Kindersley was educated at Repton School, but was forced to leave in 1887 when his father could no longer afford the fees.
Banking career
He then became a clerk in several London firms before joining the London Stock Exchange in 1901, becoming a partner in David A. Bevan & Co in 1902 and the merchant bank Lazard Brothers & Co in 1905, a firm with which he was connected for the rest of his life and of which he became chairman in 1919.
Public service
From 1915 to 1925, Kindersley was Governor (Company Chairman) of the Hudson's Bay Company, North America's oldest company (established by English royal charter in 1670). He served as a director of the Bank of England from 1914 to 1946. In 1924 he was the senior British representative on the Dawes Committee.
Kindersley is chiefly recognised for his work as chairman of the National Savings Committee from 1916 to 1920; he was then its president until 1946.
He was also a major shareholder in the Canadian Northern Railway, later amalgamated into Canadian National Railways, and the town of Kindersley, Saskatchewan, was named after him.
Personal life
He married Gladys Margaret Beadle, daughter of Maj-Gen James Prinsep Beadle, of Worton Grange, co. Wiltshire, on 3 November 1896 and had six children, Lionel, Hugh, Margaret, Richard, Philip (who married Oonagh Guinness and Valerie Violet French) and Elizabeth. Lord Kindersley was succeeded in the Barony by his second son Hugh, his eldest son Lionel having been killed in action in the First World War.
Honours and arms
Kindersley was knighted as Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire (KBE) in 1917 and raised to Knight Grand Cross (GBE) in the 1920 civilian war honours for his chairmanship of the National Savings Committee. He served as High Sheriff of Sussex for 1928 and in 1941 was raised to the peerage as Baron Kindersley, of West Hoathly in the County of West Sussex.
References
Biography, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
External links
1871 births
1954 deaths
English stockbrokers
People from Wanstead
People educated at Repton School
English businesspeople
English bankers
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Governors of the Hudson's Bay Company
High Sheriffs of Sussex
Robert
Barons created by George VI |
4016967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlos%20Gary | Charlos Gary | Charlos Gary (born September 14, 1968) is an American cartoonist and comic strip author, best known for creating a series entitled Working It Out, a strip that deals with office politics in a format similar to Dilbert.
Biography
Charlos Gary was born in Boynton Beach (near West Palm Beach) and reared in Orlando, Florida. He is African-American. The middle child in a family of seven, Gary discovered an aptitude for art at an early age and pursued it as a career field while studying at Ohio State University, and later at the University of Toledo.
His first semi-professional gig came at Ohio State, with a short-lived comic strip called State U. After graduating from Toledo, he began working as a graphic designer for various newspapers, often submitting his own political cartoons for publication. In early 2001, as an editorial artist for the Chicago Tribune, Gary created his signature strip Working It Out.
Creative works
Charlos Gary has published two comic strips and a web log; he published his first book in 2006. His two comic strips, Working It Out (2001 to present) and Café Con Leche (2007-2014), are syndicated by Creators Syndicate.
Bibliography
In 2006, Gary published his Working It Out comics in a book titled It's Always a Great Day to Be the Boss.
Working It Out
, Working It Out currently runs in about 50 newspapers across the United States, typically in the business and financial sections.
The comic strip centers around a character named "Mr. Jamison" – a bushy-moustached, pencil-nosed low-level manager who seems to take delight in the suffering and mistreatment of his subordinates. Mr. Jamison frequently goes on a “power trip” over the most trivial of issues and often refers to his employees as “peons”. The overall theme is a workplace tug-of-war that pits the weasel-like management staff against the water-cooler backstabbing of their hard(-ly) working, expendable employees.
Café Con Leche
Gary launched his newly syndicated comic strip, called Café Con Leche, in April 2007. Café Con Leche is about an interracial couple getting to know each other's cultural background. The strip ended November 2, 2014.
Web log
Gary is an active blogger, commenting on topics of the day, with focus on minority issues in American society.
References
External links
Working It Out at Creators Syndicate
Cafe Con Leche at Creators Syndicate
1968 births
Living people
African-American comics creators
American comics creators
American comic strip cartoonists
Chicago Tribune people
Ohio State University alumni
University of Toledo alumni
American bloggers
People from Boynton Beach, Florida
21st-century African-American writers
20th-century African-American people |
4016978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Universal | The Universal | "The Universal" is a song by English alternative rock band Blur and is featured on their fourth studio album, The Great Escape (1995). It was released on 13 November 1995 as the second single from that album, charting at number five on the UK Singles Chart and number 12 in both Iceland and Ireland.
In keeping with the song's science fiction theme, the single's cover art is an allusion to the opening shot of 2001: A Space Odyssey, and the music video is a tribute to the movie A Clockwork Orange, with the band dressed up in costumes similar to Alex and his droogs. Both films were directed by Stanley Kubrick.
Music video
A music video for the song was directed by Jonathan Glazer. The band is presented in imitation of the opening scenes from the 1971 film A Clockwork Orange, in the Milk Bar. Blur star as the quasi-Droogs, complete with Damon Albarn wearing eyeliner similar to the character Alex DeLarge. They perform in the bar in all-white. Though the band do not engage in their usual vibrant stage demeanor, Damon Albarn frequently turns to the camera and gives a sly, crooked smile. Graham Coxon spends the majority of the video sitting against the wall, while playing his guitar. They also spend some time during the video sitting at a table, watching the people around them.
The bar patrons consist of different groups; a male with two females are openly kissing. The man has lipstick all over his face; a lone female entertains male business colleagues by exploiting their sexual interest in her; two men, one identified as a 'red man' (dressed entirely in red) who used to be 'blue', conduct a stilted (subtitled) conversation; two other men – one of them wearing a vicar's clerical collar – become increasingly drunk on cocktails, laughing more and more hysterically until the clergyman tells his friend something to which the viewer is not privy, causing his friend to withdraw into stunned silence (a device similar to that used in Radiohead's promotional video for the song "Just" in the same year). There are also two old men who make a few comments (again subtitled) marveling at the scene. Blur then walk down the aisle to exit the building. Damon Albarn stops them, then the clergyman moves in to kiss his friend.
There are also scenes outside, showing high rise buildings, where people are gathered around a golf ball speaker atop a roof, listening.
The golf ball-shaped speaker featured in the video was sold in a charity auction in 1999.
Track listings
All music was composed by Albarn, Coxon, James, and Rowntree. All lyrics were composed by Albarn.
7-inch and cassette
"The Universal" – 4:00
"Entertain Me" (The Live It! remix) – 7:19
CD1
"The Universal" – 4:00
"Ultranol" – 2:42
"No Monsters in Me" – 3:38
"Entertain Me" (The Live It! remix) – 7:19
CD2: The Universal II – Live at the BBC
"The Universal" – 4:11
"Mr Robinson's Quango" – 4:17
"It Could Be You" – 3:17
"Stereotypes" – 3:12
Japanese CD
"The Universal" – 4:00
"It Could Be You" (Live at the BBC) – 3:17
"Stereotypes" (Live at the BBC) – 3:12
"Entertain Me" (The Live It! remix) – 7:19
Note: the 7-inch vinyl edition was pressed for use on jukeboxes and was not issued commercially.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Uses in popular culture
A cover by Irish singer Joe Dolan in 1998 made it to number 19 on the Irish Singles Chart.
The song has been used on TV advertisements for British Gas since 2009 (although it never re-entered the top 40).
The song was used in a 2002 ad for the Chrysler Concorde.
The song was featured in the episode "I Don't" of MTV animated series Daria.
The song was featured in an episode of Channel 4 comedy-drama My Mad Fat Diary in 2013
Irish singer Lucy O'Byrne released a cover and video clip as part of her first album in 2016.
The song was featured in an episode of Apple TV+ comedy Ted Lasso.
References
1995 singles
1995 songs
Blur (band) songs
Food Records singles
Song recordings produced by Stephen Street
Songs written by Alex James (musician)
Songs written by Damon Albarn
Songs written by Dave Rowntree
Songs written by Graham Coxon |
4017022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Major%20Series%20Lacrosse | Major Series Lacrosse | Major Series Lacrosse (MSL) is a Senior A box lacrosse league based in Ontario, Canada sanctioned by the Ontario Lacrosse Association. Most of the star players in the league play or have played in the National Lacrosse League. Each year, the playoff teams battle for the right to compete against the Western Lacrosse Association champion for the Mann Cup every September. The championship is hosted alternately between Ontario and British Columbia every year.
History
Field Era
Major Series Lacrosse originated in the late 19th century as the Canadian Lacrosse Association. In its early days, it had competition from the semi-professional National Lacrosse Union that ran from around 1880 until around 1920 with teams in the Toronto, Ottawa, and Montreal markets. In the early 20th century the CLA had another rival league, the Dominion Lacrosse Association in much of the same markets as the NLU. In these early days, all lacrosse was field lacrosse. Early powerhouses in the league were the Orangeville Dufferins (1890s) and the St. Catharines Athletics (1900s and 1910s).
In 1913, the CLA became the Ontario Amateur Lacrosse Association. The league had a Western Division with teams in Toronto and the Golden Horseshoe and an Eastern Division with teams in the Ottawa District, but a year later the Ottawa teams left the league. In 1920, the NLU had dropped to 3 teams and elected to disband. The OALA was left as the only Senior A league in Ontario and only had to face the Ontario Intermediate A champion for a berth into the Mann Cup National Senior championships.
In 1926, an OALA team won its first Mann Cup. Until this point, the Mann Cup was a challenge trophy, mostly dominated by British Columbia's New Westminster Salmonbellies, in 1926 the entire country could compete for the trophy in a playdown style. As standings leaders of the OALA at midpoint, the Weston Westonmen were awarded the right to represent the OALA for the Mann Cup. The Westonmen were met by the Winnipeg Tigers, whom they defeated 11-3 to become the first Mann Cup champion of the playdown era. The Westonmen were then forced to face the Brampton Excelsiors in the Ontario final who beat them 10-goals-to-6 in a two-game series. The Westonmen would dominate the Ontario scene in the 1920s with 5 league titles and the 1926 Mann Cup. In 1931, the Excelsiors defeated the Toronto Native Sons 2-games-to-1 to win the OALA championship. The Excelsiors would go on to defeat New Westminster in the Mann Cup final 2-games-to-1. This marked the end of Field Lacrosse for this league and the last Mann Cup to ever be conducted on a field.
Indoor Era
The Mimico Mountaineers would defeat the Fergus Thistles 2-games-to-1 to become the first Ontario Senior A box lacrosse champions. They would later host the Winnipeg Argos at Maple Leaf Gardens and win the first ever indoor Mann Cup 2-games-to-none.
The Orillia Terriers would be the most dominant OALA team in the 1930s, winning four straight OALA title (1934-1937) and three consecutive Mann Cup (1934-1936) becoming the first team of the Indoor Era to accomplish that streak.
In 1939, the league became the Ontario Lacrosse Association Senior A League (OLA).
The St. Catharines Athletics found their stride in 1938 and would win the OLA seven times in nine seasons (losing 1942 and 1943 to Brampton). The Athletics would be National Champions five times in that span, beating the New Westminster Adanacs 3-games-to-none in 1938, the Vancouver Burrards 3-games-to-1 in 1940, the Richmond Farmers 3-games-to-2 in 1941, the New Westminster Salmonbellies 3-games-to-2 in 1944 and the 'Bellies again in 1946 3-games-to-none.
In 1951, the core of the 1950 Mann Cup winning Owen Sound Crescents, including star goalie Lloyd "Moon" Wootton transferred to the Peterborough Trailermen. The move would lead to one of the biggest dynasties ever in lacrosse, including 8 OLA championships in 9 years, 4 Mann Cups, and an infamous standoff with the Canadian Lacrosse Association that left the entire team suspended for five years. From 1951 until 1957, the Trailermen won 7 straight OLA League titles and the first four years they won the Mann Cup, becoming the first indoor team to win four years straight. In 1951, the Trailermen defeated the Vancouver Combines 4-games-to-3 to win their first Mann Cup, then beat Vancouver (Burrards) again in 1952 4-games-to-none to win it again. In 1953 and 1954, the Trailermen defeated the Victoria Shamrocks 4-games-to-1 and 4-games-straight respectively to cap off the four cup run. Victoria would return the favour in 1955, beating the Trailermen in 5 games, and the Nanaimo Timbermen would do the same in 1956. The Trailermen would win their league again in 1957, but controversy ensued at the Mann Cup. Peterborough's star scorer Bob Allan left a BC team without receiving a release to come play for the Trailermen. Although the OLA ruled him eligible, when the team arrived in BC to play the Mann Cup, the CLA barred him from playing. Peterborough refused to take the floor for the first game without Allan and the CLA kicked them out of the playoffs and suspended every player on the team for five seasons. The Trailermen were replaced by a rusty Long Branch Pontiacs squad that were easily swept by Victoria. The Trailermen players sat out their suspension in 1958, but their suspensions were commuted in time for the 1959 season. Peterborough would win yet another league title in 1959, but could not muster any past success in the Mann Cup final. The dynasty had ended and Peterborough did not make another final for six seasons.
Teams
All-Star Game
During the 2012 MSL Entry Draft, the league announced it would be holding its first ever All-Star Game. Peterborough was set to host, citing average attendance as the driving factor. However, in April that same year, the game was cancelled due to two major issues. The first was concern of unnecessary risk of injury and the other was the distribution of revenue.
Champions
Defunct teams
Aurora Astros
Akwesasne Thunder
Barrie Lakeshores
Brantford Warriors
Buffalo Gamblers
Fergus Thistles
Hastings Legionnaires
Huntsville Hawks
Kitchener-Waterloo Kodiaks
Mississauga Renegades
Mississauga Braves
Niagara Falls Gamblers
Orangeville Northmen
Oshweken Wolves
Owen Sound North Stars
Sarnia Lumley Wrecking
Scarborough Saints
St. Catharines Athletics
St. Regis Indians
Toronto Shooting Stars
Toronto Maple Leafs
Windsor Warlocks
See also
Box lacrosse
Western Lacrosse Association
References
External links
Major Series Lacrosse
OLA Official Website
Ontario Lacrosse Association
Lacrosse leagues in Canada
Sports leagues established in 1887
1887 establishments in Ontario |
4017028 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KV63 | KV63 | KV63 is a recently opened chamber in Egypt's Valley of the Kings pharaonic necropolis. Initially believed to be a royal tomb, it is now believed to have been a storage chamber for the mummification process. It was found in 2005 by a team of archaeologists led by Dr. Otto Schaden.
The chamber contained seven wooden coffins and many large storage jars. All coffins have now been opened, and were found to contain only mummification materials, with the jars also containing mummification supplies including salts, linens, and deliberately broken pottery.
Some clay seal impressions contain text, such as the partial word 'pa-aten,' part of the name used by Tutankhamun's wife, Ankhesenamun. This inscription, the architectural style of the chamber, and the form of the coffins and jars all point to an Eighteenth Dynasty date, roughly contemporary with Tutankhamun, whose tomb is nearby.
KV63 was revisited by Schaden's team again in 2010, along with a TV team. Another 16 storage jars were explored, and a wooden bed with lions' heads, along with pieces of wine jars, were discovered. The team arrived at the theory that the chamber was probably used by Tutankhamun's family embalmers, some time about 1337–1334 BC.
Discovery
The vertical shaft of KV63 was re-discovered on 10 March 2005. The discovery that the shaft led to a chamber was announced on 8 February 2006, by the Supreme Council of Antiquities, which credited the find to a team of U.S. archaeologists from the University of Memphis, under the leadership of Dr. Otto Schaden. The chamber — given the name "KV63" in accordance with the sequential numbering convention used in the Valley — was initially thought to be a tomb, the first new one to be revealed there since the discovery of KV62, the tomb of Tutankhamun, by Howard Carter in 1922.
KV63 is located in the area between KV10 (Amenmesse) and KV62 (Tutankhamun), in the very centre of the Valley's eastern branch and near the main crossroads of the network of paths traversed by thousands of tourists every day.
The discovery was made as the archaeological team was excavating the remains of 19th dynasty workmen's huts at the entrance to KV10, looking for evidence to clarify the succession of Amenmesse. The area around the huts had accumulated rubble from the occasional flooding. Both Theodore M. Davis and Howard Carter had dug in the area in the early twentieth century, but had not removed these particular huts. While exploring a layer of dark rock, the dig suddenly came across chips of white stone (these being the last level excavated by Carter). Further exploration revealed a straight edge of cut stone, which turned out to be on the upper lip of a vertical shaft. At that point the team knew they had discovered something much more elaborate and significant than the remains of the tomb-diggers' resthouses. Unfortunately, the discovery came at the very end of the 2004–05 digging season, and further excavations had to be postponed until the team recommenced its work the following autumn.
Description of chamber
The overhang on the shaft of KV63 has been compared with and found to be similar to other Eighteenth Dynasty tombs (that of Yuya and Tjuyu), thereby dating the construction to the latter portion of the Eighteenth Dynasty (ca. 14th century BC) of the New Kingdom (16th century to 11th century BC). It is also broadly speculated that all three tombs are the work of the same architect, or at least the same school of architects.
The newly revealed shaft descends some five metres. At the bottom of this pit stands a 1.5 metre tall door made of stone blocks. Behind this door, in which the team originally opened up a small window for the 10 February 2006 event, stands the single chamber.
No seals were found on the door, and it was initially believed that KV63 was a reburial and had experienced some intrusion in antiquity. The blocking stones in the doorway were not original, suggesting that the doorway had been opened and closed a few times. The original blocking stones were found inside the tomb, giving evidence that someone had re-entered and sealed the tomb in antiquity.
The chamber measures some four metres by five and has plain white walls. It contained seven wooden coffins, including one scaled for a child and one for a small infant. Two of the adult coffins and the child's coffin feature yellow funerary masks; the others have black funerary masks. It has been suggested that those with yellow faces may have been designed for female occupants. There is extensive termite damage on some coffins and the result was likened by the excavating team to "black paste"; however, at least two coffins were virtually untouched by termites. These termites seem to have come from the workers' huts above the shaft, and therefore probably date from the pharaonic era. There was no evidence of water damage. However, now that the chamber has been opened, the site is at risk of damage from flash floods.
The identity of the owners of the coffins is unknown; in any case none contained human remains, all having been used to hold material relating to the embalming process. There is no evidence for the chamber having been sealed more than once and it thus seems that the deposit represents embalming debris from one particular person's mummification.
The chamber also held 28 large storage jars, approximately 75 cm tall, made from both pottery and alabaster. The jars weighed in at around 40 or 43 kg (90–95 pounds), varying slightly in size and weight. Three of them appear to have been broken in antiquity at the rim or lower neck. Most of the jars were discovered with intact lids, but did not bear pharaonic seal impressions. Shortly after their manufacture, the jars were whitewashed while standing in sand, and the bottoms show the original clay. A large ostracon, not identified to have come from one of the storage jars at this time, was discovered and broken during the modern opening of the tomb.
According to Dr. Schaden, the method of sealing the storage jars had been very deliberate. A mud plug was first inserted, then a seal, and then a large plaster seal. Apparently, the people doing it had thought it of prime importance that it should be done in this very precise manner. This supports the idea that there was a solid reason behind the placing of the artifacts and that the chamber was not merely a dumping ground.
There was over 175 kg of natron in the chamber, some inside the coffins and some inside little sacks. The jars and contents are similar to those from KV54, the Tutankhamun embalming cache.
Work has been going on to carefully remove the coffins and the storage jars to KV10, which has adequate space for a conservation team to conduct a thorough examination and analysis of the coffins and jars in a proper, scientific manner. A pulley system was devised to facilitate the safe removal of the coffins and jars from the shaft. Grass buckets and bubblewrap were used to lift the jars out from the place where they were packed away for 3000 years. The removal of jars began on 2 March 2006 and most jars have been relocated safely along with one large sealed alabaster jar, which contained small pots packed in mud. Twelve of the storage jars have thus far been examined. Contents include natron, wood, seeds, shells, carbon, assorted pottery, small animal bones, papyrus fragments, mud trays, mud seals, and pieces of twine or rope. Egyptologist Salima Ikram is supervising the removal and examination of the contents.
On first examination there appeared to be some kind of stuffing extruding between the lid and the bottom of the youth coffin labeled 'G'. When the coffin was opened this stuffing was revealed to be five pillows. As textile remnants from ancient Egypt are relatively rare, and pillows extremely so, the materials used for these will be of great interest. On May 26, 2006, a 42 cm. pink gold leaf anthropoid coffinette was discovered inside the youth coffin, under the pillows.
The last and only completely sealed coffin was opened on June 28, 2006. As cameras were rolling, it was revealed that the coffin contained no mummy, only artifacts used for mummification or to decorate a body. It looked like it had once been used, as there was an impression of a human body in the bottom of the coffin. It is theorized that this body was moved or destroyed in antiquity.
Due to its proximity to the tomb of Tutankhamun and the resemblances between the portraits in the sarcophagi, as well as the style contemporary to the latter part of the 18th Dynasty, there was groundless speculation at the time of the first discovery that the coffins were once used for the bodies of Kiya and/or even Ankhesenamen. However, there is no reason to believe that the coffins were other than that of basic types used for private persons, probably derived from undertakers' stock for use to contain embalming debris.
Given the location of the tomb, and the fact that its entrance was sealed by the same flood layer that sealed that of Tutankhamun, it seems most likely that KV63 was the main embalmers' cache for Tutankhamun's burial. In this case, the long-known group of material deriving from his funeral found in KV54 probably represents an 'overflow' of material requiring disposal after KV63 had been sealed.
See also
KV64
KV65
References
External links
Theban Mapping Project: KV63
KV63 Expedition website: 'Dig Diary' of Dr. Otto Schaden with KV-63 Clearance and Excavation photos. See KV-63 Publications Page.
Question-and-answer session with Roxanne Wilson, staff artist/recorder with the KV-10/KV-63 mission. (28 February 2006)
Approximate location of KV63
New Tomb Discovered in the Valley of the Kings (University of Memphis)
A Concealed Cachet (sic) in Luxor (Zahi Hawass)
Hypothesis over an "yellow-face" mask's coffin's identification
U of M-sponsored Find in Egypt Promises More "Wonderful Things" (University of Memphis Press Release)
The Amenmesse Project (KV10 expedition webpage)
IEAA KV 63 (IEAA)
News media
Egypt's New Tomb Revealed (an interactive site by Discovery Channel)
Pharaonic tomb find stuns Egypt (BBC News, with video footage of tomb)
Tomb Found in Egypt's Valley of Kings (ABC news, with pictures)
Tomb of mummies found in Egypt's Valley of the Kings (CBC)
"Experts in new Egypt tomb discovery." The Scotsman
New Tomb Found in Valley of Kings (CBS)
Intact tomb found in Egypt's Valley of the Kings (Washington Post)
Pharaoh'ld coup for Ulster archaeologist Belfast Telegraph
Slackman, Michael. "Tomb Yields Many Mysteries, but no Mummy," New York Times, June 28, 2006
Buildings and structures completed in the 14th century BC
Valley of the Kings
2006 archaeological discoveries |
4017029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Cholmeley | Roger Cholmeley | Sir Roger Cholmeley (c. 1485 – 21 June 1565) was Lord Chief Justice of the Court of King's Bench from 1552 to 1553. From 1535 to 1545 he was Recorder of London and served in the House of Commons. He is possibly best remembered for his endowment to found a free grammar school, Highgate School, at London.
Background and early life
Cholmeley (sometimes spelled "Cholmley" or "Cholmondeley; all pronounced "ˈtʃʌmli", "CHUM-lee") was the illegitimate son of Sir Richard Cholmeley of Yorkshire (c. 1460 – 1521), who served as Lieutenant of the Tower of London from 1513 to 1520. Cholmeley's family can be traced back to the 12th-century Robert de Chelmundelegh, second son of William le Belward, who inherited parts of the Barony of Malpas (for which Malpas, Cheshire, is named), including Cholmondeley, Cheshire, previously held by Robert Fitzhugh. Over the centuries, the family name was spelt in many variants as Middle English developed away from French influences. Different branches of the family still spell the name differently, and Cholmeley's most famous cousins, of Cholmondeley, Cheshire, spell it "Cholmondeley". The pronunciation and spelling are neither counterintuitive nor phonetic, but as used down the ages.
Roger Cholmeley was educated to the law at Lincoln's Inn from 1506. Despite thrice being expelled from the Inn, he entered the legal profession.
Career
Most of Cholmeley's career as a lawyer was spent in the City of London, but he lived at Highgate in Middlesex. In 1520 he was called as a bencher of Lincoln's Inn, in 1531 became a serjeant-at-law, and in November 1534 was knighted. From 1535-45 he was Recorder of London, during which time he was one of the city's Members of Parliament in four Parliaments.
In November 1545 Cholmeley became Chief Baron of the Exchequer, and in May 1552 was appointed Chief Justice of the King's Bench. He was Lord Chief Justice for only a year as Queen Mary I would not reappoint him. The same year, he was imprisoned for a month and fined for signing Lady Jane Grey's instrument of succession as Queen. He returned to work as a barrister and was a Member of Parliament for Middlesex from 1554 to 1559.
Princess (later Queen) Elizabeth I stayed the night of 15 Feb 1555 with Cholmeleys in Highgate.
Highgate School
Cholmeley founded Highgate School, which was established by Royal Charter in 1565. Former pupils of the school are known as Old Cholmeleians in his memory. The school has gone on to become a leading independent school (sometimes referred to as a public school). Old Cholmeleians include John Venn, the creator of Venn diagrams, poets Gerard Manley Hopkins and John Betjeman, and musicians John Tavener and John Rutter.
Death
Cholmeley died in London on 21 June 1565.
He willed property to nephew Jasper.
Family
He married Christine Hurst, who died in 1558. They had two daughters:
Elizabeth, married first to Sir Leonard Beckwith of Selby, Yorkshire, and secondly to Christopher Kern of Kern, Somersetshire;
Frances, the other daughter, was married to Sir Thomas Russell of Strensham, Worcestershire.
References
Further reading
|-
1480s births
1565 deaths
People from Highgate
Founders of English schools and colleges
Lord Chief Justices of England and Wales
Chief Barons of the Exchequer
16th-century English judges
Recorders of London
English knights
Roger
Serjeants-at-law (England)
English MPs 1529–1536
English MPs 1536
English MPs 1539–1540
English MPs 1542–1544
English MPs 1554–1555
English MPs 1555
English MPs 1558 |
4017035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shap%20Rural | Shap Rural | Shap Rural is a very large, but sparsely populated, civil parish in the Eden district of Cumbria in England, covering part of the Lake District National Park. It had a population of 119 in 2001, increasing to 130 at the 2011 Census.
Within the parish are the hamlets and settlements of Wet Sleddale, Hardendale and Swindale, most of the Shap Fells range and the reservoirs of Haweswater (part) and Wet Sleddale. The village of Mardale Green, which disappeared when Haweswater was converted into a reservoir in the 1930s, was in the parish.
The parish was created in 1904 with the splitting of the former civil parish of Shap into urban and rural parts. Shap Urban, or now simply Shap, was administered by an urban district council from 1906 to 1935. Shap and Shap Rural today have a joint parish council.
Major landowners in the parish are the Lowther Family Estates and United Utilities.
Junction 39 of the M6 motorway lies within the parish.
Shapbeck Limestone quarry owned by Hanson plc is in the northern part of the parish though the Hardendale Corus limestone quarry and works and the famous Cemex (formerly RMC) Shap Granite quarries and works are within both Shap Rural and Shap parishes.
The cottage owned by Uncle Monty in the cult 1986 film Withnail & I is located by the reservoir at Wet Sleddale.
See also
Listed buildings in Shap Rural
References
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Shap (nb: provisional research only – see Talk page)
Civil parishes in Cumbria
Eden District |
4017086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20largest%20shopping%20malls%20in%20the%20United%20States | List of largest shopping malls in the United States | This is a list of shopping malls in the United States and its territories that have at least 2,000,000 total square feet of retail space (gross leasable area). The list is based in part on information provided by the International Council of Shopping Centers and by the Department of American Studies at Eastern Connecticut State University as part of its Shopping Mall Studies.
See also
List of largest shopping malls in the world
List of largest enclosed shopping malls in Canada
References |
4017092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French%20Social%20Party | French Social Party | The French Social Party (, PSF) was a French nationalist political party founded in 1936 by François de La Rocque, following the dissolution of his Croix-de-Feu league by the Popular Front government. France's first right-wing mass party, prefiguring the rise of Gaullism after the Second World War, it experienced considerable initial success but disappeared in the wake of the fall of France in 1940 and was not refounded after the war.
Background and origins (1927–36)
La Rocque envisioned the PSF as the more explicitly-political successor of the Croix-de-Feu, the World War I veterans' organization that had been founded in 1927 and, by the early 1930s, had emerged as the largest and one of the most influential of interwar France's numerous far-right leagues. Though the Croix-de-Feu had adopted as its slogan "Social d'abord" ("Social First") as a counter to the "Politique d'abord" ("Politics First") of Action Française, it espoused the political goals elaborated by La Rocque in his tract Service Public, including social Catholic corporatism, the institution of a minimum wage and paid vacations (congés payés), women's suffrage and the reform of parliamentary procedure. The party's programme would further develop the same themes by advocating "the association of capital and labour", a traditional platitude of French conservatism, and the reform of France's political institutions along presidential lines to bolster the stability and authority of the state.
Though the Croix-de-Feu participated in the demonstrations of 6 February 1934, La Rocque forbade its members from involving themselves in the subsequent riot, thus demonstrating a respect for republican legality that the PSF would also uphold as one of its essential political principles. La Rocque, who had previously maintained a certain mystique with regard to his attitude towards the Republic, explicitly rallied to it and denounced in a speech on 23 May 1936 totalitarianism (both Nazi and Soviet) along with racism (with regard to which he explicitly rejected anti-Semitism) and class struggle, as the principal obstacles to "national reconciliation".
Nevertheless, critics of the left and centre denounced the Croix-de-Feu, together with the other leagues, as fascist organizations. A desire to defend the republic was not their sole motivation. Politicians of the centre-right and left alike opposed La Rocque because of the perceived threat of his success in mobilising a mass base within their traditional particularly working-class constituencies.
The disruptive nature of the leagues' activities made Pierre Laval's government outlaw paramilitary groups on 6 December 1935. Although that decision was succeeded by the law of 10 January 1936 regulating militias and combat organizations, the law was only partially implemented. Of all the leagues, only Action Française was dissolved, and the Croix-de-Feu was allowed to continue its activities essentially unimpeded. After the victory of the Popular Front, which had included in its electoral programme a promise to dissolve the right-wing leagues in the parliamentary elections of May 1936, the government issued a decree banning the Croix-de-Feu, along with the Mouvement social français, on 18 June. Within weeks, on 7 July, La Rocque founded the French Social Party to succeed the defunct league.
Political success and co-operation (1936–40)
Organisation and mass mobilisation
The PSF inherited the large popular base of the Croix-de-Feu (450,000 members in June 1936, most of them having joined since 1934) and, mirroring the contemporary Popular Front, achieved considerable success in mobilizing it through a variety of associated organizations: sporting societies, labour organizations and leisure and vacation camps. PSF members also orchestrated the development of "professional unions" (), envisioned as a means of organising management against labour militancy, which espoused class collaboration and claimed 1,000,000 members by 1938.
Unlike established right-wing parties such as the Republican Federation and Democratic Alliance, which had traditionally lacked a formal membership structure and relied instead on the support of notables, the PSF aggressively courted an extensive membership among the middle and lower classes. By 1940, the PSF had become not only France's first right-wing mass party but also the nation's largest party in terms of membership: over 700,000 members (and more than a million according to some historians), it eclipsed even the traditionally mass-based Socialist (SFIO) and Communist Parties (202,000 and 288,000 members, respectively, in December 1936).
The party's central committee included its president, La Rocque, vice-presidents Jean Mermoz and , , Charles Vallin, Jean Ybarnégaray, Jean Borotra, and . The party had two newspapers: Le Flambeau and Le Petit Journal.
Electoral success
Six members of the nascent PSF were elected to the Chamber of Deputies in 1936, and three more were elected in by-elections between 1936 and 1939. Two deputies of other right-wing parliamentary groups defected to the party. The true measure of the party's electoral potential, however, came with the municipal elections of 1938–1939 in which it won 15% of votes nationally. As a result of the proportional representation law passed by the Chamber in June 1939, that promised to translate into approximately 100 deputies in the legislative elections planned for 1940. By 1939, the party's elected officials, its 11 deputies aside, included nearly 3000 mayors, 541 general councilors and thousands of municipal councilors.
Competition with established right-wing parties
Of all the PSF's successes, it was the party's popularity among the middle classes, the peasants, shopkeepers, and clerical workers, who had been hardest hit by the Great Depression. They generated the most fear from the left. That demographic had historically been one of the primary bastions of the Radical-Socialist Party, and its falling under the influence of the "fascist" right was viewed by Popular Front leaders as a serious threat to the stability of the republic. The PSF, for its part, actively courted the middle classes and argued that their traditional Radical defenders had abandoned them by supporting the Popular Front.
Despite that demographic threat, however, the PSF generated the most fervent hostility within the parties of the established parliamentary right, most notably the conservative Republican Federation. The tensions between the Federation and the PSF were demonstrated as early as 1937 by a Normandy by-election in which the Federation candidate, after being behind the PSF candidate in the first round, initially refused to stand down and support the latter in the runoff round. The rancor of the feuding parties, despite the Federation candidate's eventual endorsement of the PSF, resulted in the seat falling to the centre, which demonstrated to Federation and PSF leaders alike the undesirability of co-existence. Thus, although the two parties were in fact in agreement on many questions of ideology, notably their defense of the far-right leagues, the PSF was viewed by the long-established Federation as a rival "to its own electoral fortunes".
A second victim of the PSF's popularity was Jacques Doriot's far-right Parti Populaire Français (PPF), which incorporated nationalist, virulently-anticommunist and openly-fascist tendencies. Founded, like the PSF, in June 1936, the PPF enjoyed initial success and attracted a membership of 295,000, according to the party's own statistics by early 1938. With the continued growth of the PSF, however, the PPF fell into decline, which parallelled the demise of the Popular Front to which it had largely been a reaction.
In March 1937, Doriot proposed the formation of a Front de la Liberté ("Front of Liberty") with the objective of unifying the right in opposition to the Popular Front. Although the Republican Federation, followed by several small right-wing parties that stood to lose little from allying themselves to the more extremist PPF, quickly accepted Doriot's proposal, it was rejected both by the moderate Democratic Alliance and by La Rocque, who identified the Front as an attempt to "annex" the popularity of his party. His insistence on the PSF's independence got La Rocque attacked violently by other figures on the right, including former Croix-de-Feu members who had abandoned the more moderate Social Party.
Rapprochement with Radical Party
The major parties of the right fell in disarray after their electoral defeat and the strike movement of June 1936. Although the Republican Federation, at least, was consistent in its opposition to Popular Front policies, the Democratic Alliance and the small, Christian democratic Popular Democratic Party (PDP) were reluctant to criticise the government to prevent the sabotage of their efforts to lure the Radical Party into a centre-right coalition.
Thus, the Independent Radicals, gathering right-wing Radical parliamentarians, constituted the most effective opposition to the Popular Front, particularly in the Senate. With the prospect of a PSF breakthrough in the 1940 elections in mind, the Independent Radicals sought to cooperate with the new force; for their part, the PSF deputies voted confidence in Édouard Daladier's Radical government in April 1938. With the collapse of the Popular Front the PSF-Radical alliance seemed inevitable to many on the left, with the Socialist newspaper Le Populaire writing in 1938 that "the PSF-Radical bloc has become a reality of political life". However, that observation appeared premature to most contemporary observers.
Wartime activities (1940–45)
The Danzig Crisis of 1939 deprived the PSF of the chance to make serious inroads in parliament. On 30 July, French Prime Minister Édouard Daladier, fearing that the imminent electoral campaign would distract the Chamber of Deputies from the business of national defence, used the decree powers granted him by the Chamber to extend its term until May 1942.
After the Fall of France and the establishment of the Vichy regime, La Rocque denounced it as defeatist and anti-Semitic, but he still proclaimed his personal loyalty to Marshal Philippe Pétain, and the PSF was renamed Progrès Social Français (French Social Progress) and took on the form of a social aid organisation because of the occupation authorities' prohibition of organised political activities.
La Rocque's attitude towards the Vichy government was initially ambiguous. As stated, he continued to affirm his loyalty to Pétain and was amenable to certain of the more moderate aspects of Vichy's reactionary program, the Révolution Nationale, notably its corporatism and social policies. The PSF further refused to recognize General Charles de Gaulle's Free French, along with the National Council of the Resistance, as the legitimate French authorities in opposition to Vichy, which also claimed constitutional legitimacy although some members of the PSF, such as Charles Vallin, joined the Free French. However, La Rocque was hostile to Vichy's enthusiastic collaboration with the Nazi occupiers and forbade PSF members from participating in Vichy-sponsored organisations such as the Service d'Ordre Légionnaire, the Milice and the Legion of French Volunteers.
In August 1940, La Rocque began actively to participate in the French Resistance by transmitting information to the British Secret Intelligence Service via Georges Charaudeau's Réseau Alibi ("Alibi Network") and forming the Réseau Klan ("Klan Network") in 1942 as a means of coordinating intelligence-gathering activities among PSF members. Nevertheless, he continued to believe that he could convince Pétain to abandon his collaborationist line and so he requested and was granted three meetings with the Marshal in early 1943. Two days after their last meeting, on 9 March, La Rocque was arrested by the Gestapo during a nationwide roundup of over 100 PSF leaders. Deported first to Czechoslovakia and later to Austria, he returned to France only in May 1945.
As with nearly all other political parties that had existed under the Third Republic, the PSF produced both collaborators with and resisters of the Vichy regime. In most cases, individual circumstances dictated more ambiguous loyalties and actions. Although former PSF deputy Jean Ybarnegaray, for instance, served in the first Vichy government under Pétain as Minister for Veterans and the Family, he resigned his post in 1940 and was in 1943 arrested and deported because of his efforts in helping Resistance members to cross the Pyrenees into Spain.
Postwar legacy (1945–58)
Official continuation
In August 1945, after the Liberation of France, La Rocque and his remaining followers, principally Pierre de Léotard, André Portier, and Jean de Mierry, established the Parti Républicain Social de la Réconciliation Française (Social Republican Party of French Reconciliation), known generally as Réconciliation Française and intended as the official successor of the PSF. On the initiative of Léotard, the PRSRF participated in the right-wing Rally of the Republican Lefts (RGR, see sinistrisme) coalition in the elections of June 1946, November 1946, 1951 and 1956. The death of La Rocque in 1946 deprived the party of unifying leadership, however, and the prewar popularity that it had hoped to exploit never materialised. Though the PRSRF had effectively disappeared by 1956, with the schism that year of the RGR into centre-left and centre-right groups, some of its members would later continue their political careers within the conservative National Centre of Independents and Peasants (CNIP).
Ideological successors
Despite the postwar insignificance of the party itself, elements of the PSF's and La Rocque's ideology strongly influenced the political formations of right and the centre during the Fourth Republic. La Rocque had advised his followers to create "a third party, sincerely republican and very bold from a social perspective" — by which he meant Réconciliation Française within the Rally of the Republican Lefts, but for some former PSF loyalists and sympathizers, the statement applied more accurately to the newly-formed Christian democratic Popular Republican Movement (Mouvement Républicain Populaire, MRP) and, for others (notably François Mitterrand), the left-liberal Democratic and Socialist Union of the Resistance (UDSR).
PSF ideology, particularly its corporatist emphasis on the association of capital and labour and its advocacy of a strong stable presidential regime to replace the parliamentary republic, would also contribute to the development of Gaullism, culminating in the establishment of the presidential Fifth Republic in 1958. The postwar Gaullist party, the Rally of the French People (RPF), like the MRP, enthusiastically adopted the mass-based model of organization and mobilization that had been pioneered by the PSF, a sharp and permanent break from the cadre-based parties of the prewar classical right.
Historiography
Historical debate over the PSF, like its predecessor, the Croix-de-Feu, has been driven by the question of whether they can be considered in at least some respects as the manifestations of a "French fascism". Most contemporary French historians, notably René Rémond, Michel Winock, Jean Lacouture and Pierre Milza, have rejected that assertion. Rémond, in his La Droite en France, identifies the PSF instead as an offshoot of the Bonapartist tradition in French right-wing politics, populist and anti-parliamentarian but hardly fascist. Milza in La France des années 30 writes that "the PSF was more anti-parliamentarian than anti-republican". More recently, Lacouture wrote, "La Rocque's movement was neither fascist nor extremist". Furthermore, Rémond identified the PSF, at least in part, as a populist and social-Catholic "antidote" to French fascism. He wrote, "Far from representing a French form of fascism in the face of the Popular Front, La Rocque helped to safeguard France from fascism" by diverting the support of the middle classes away from more extremist alternatives. Jacques Nobécourt made similar assertions: "La Rocque spared France from a pre-war experiment with totalitarianism".
The lasting confusion over the "fascist" tendencies of the PSF can be ascribed in part to two factors. Firstly, the PSF's predecessor, the Croix-de-Feu, had aspired to a paramilitary aesthetic (described by Julian Jackson as a "fascist frisson" and dismissed by Rémond as "political boy scouting for adults") outwardly similar to that employed by the more overtly fascist of the right-wing leagues. Furthermore, La Rocque continued to defend the leagues' activities even in the face of their condemnation by the parties of the established moderate right (though not the Republican Federation). Secondly, the PSF's condemnation of parliamentarism, which was considered synonymous with French republicanism by most leftist and centrist politicians, marked it as inherently anti-republican and thus "fascist" in the period's political discourse in their opinions.
A number of foreign historians, however, have questioned those defences of La Rocque and the PSF. Zeev Sternhell, criticising Rémond's classification of the PSF as Bonapartist in Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France, associates the party and its leader with a "revolutionary right" tradition that owes its political heritage to Boulangism and the revolutionary syndicalism of Georges Sorel. That minority view is partially shared by Robert Soucy, William D. Irvine, and Michel Dobry, who argue that the Croix-de-Feu and the PSF were partially-realized manifestations of a distinctively-French fascism, their political potential but not their tactics of organization and mobilisation, which was destroyed by the German invasion and thus permanently discredited. Sternhell, pointing to the democratic path to power followed by the Nazi Party, also made the argument that La Rocque's apparent respect for republican legality is not enough to disqualify his movement as fascist.
See also
Far right leagues
History of far right movements in France
Interwar France
François de La Rocque
Travail, Famille, Patrie, PSF motto appropriated by Vichy
References
Further reading
Dobry, Michel. Le Mythe de l'allergie française au fascisme, Paris: Albin Michel, 2003.
Irvine, William D. French Conservatism in Crisis: The Republican Federation of France in the 1930s, Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press, 1979.
Jackson, Julian. The Popular Front in France: Defending Democracy, 1934-38, Cambridge: CUP, 1988. Specifically, see Chapter 9, 'The view from the right', p. 249-68.
Kennedy, Sean. Reconciling France Against Democracy: The Croix-de-Feu and the Parti Social Français, 1927-45, Montreal: McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007.
Machefer, P. "Les Croix-de-Feu 1927-36", Information historique, No. 1 (1972).
Machefer, P. "Le Parti social français en 1936-37", Information historique, No. 2 (1972).
Milza, Pierre. La France des années 30, Paris: Armand Colin, 1988.
Nobécourt, Jacques. Le colonel de La Rocque, ou les pièges du nationalisme chrétien, Paris: Fayard, 1996.
Rémond, René. La Droite en France, Paris: Aubier-Montaigne, 1968.
Sternhell, Zeev. Neither Right Nor Left: Fascist Ideology in France, Berkeley: University of California Press, 1995.
French nationalist parties
Political parties of the French Third Republic
Defunct political parties in France
Right-wing parties in France
Right-wing populism in France
Political parties established in 1936
Political parties disestablished in 1940
1936 establishments in France
1940 disestablishments in France |
4017168 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transfer%20%28computing%29 | Transfer (computing) | In computer technology, transfers per second and its more common secondary terms gigatransfers per second (abbreviated as GT/s) and megatransfers per second (MT/s) are informal language that refer to the number of operations transferring data that occur in each second in some given data-transfer channel. It is also known as sample rate, i.e. the number of data samples captured per second, each sample normally occurring at the clock edge. The terms are neutral with respect to the method of physically accomplishing each such data-transfer operation; nevertheless, they are most commonly used in the context of transmission of digital data. 1 MT/s is 106 or one million transfers per second; similarly, 1 GT/s means 109, or equivalently in the US/short scale, one billion transfers per second.
The choice of the symbol T for transfer conflicts with the International System of Units, in which T stands for the tesla unit of magnetic flux density (so "Megatesla per second" would be a reasonable unit to describe the rate of a rapidly changing magnetic field, such as in a pulsed field magnet or kicker magnet).
These terms alone do not specify the bit rate at which binary data is being transferred, because they do not specify the number of bits transferred in each transfer operation (known as the channel width or word length). In order to calculate the data transmission rate, one must multiply the transfer rate by the information channel width. For example, a data bus eight-bytes wide (64 bits) by definition transfers eight bytes in each transfer operation; at a transfer rate of 1 GT/s, the data rate would be 8 × 109 B/s, i.e. 8 GB/s, or approximately 7.45 GiB/s. The bit rate for this example is 64 Gbit/s (8 × 8 × 109 bit/s).
The formula for a data transfer rate is: Channel width (bits/transfer) × transfers/second = bits/second.
Expanding the width of a channel, for example that between a CPU and a northbridge, increases data throughput without requiring an increase in the channel's operating frequency (measured in transfers per second). This is analogous to increasing throughput by increasing bandwidth but leaving latency unchanged.
The units usually refer to the "effective" number of transfers, or transfers perceived from "outside" of a system or component, as opposed to the internal speed or rate of the clock of the system. One example is a computer bus running at double data rate where data is transferred on both the rising and falling edge of the clock signal. If its internal clock runs at 100 MHz, then the effective rate is 200 MT/s, because there are 100 million rising edges per second and 100 million falling edges per second of a clock signal running at 100 MHz.
Buses like SCSI and PCI fall in the megatransfer range of data transfer rate, while newer bus architectures like the PCI-X, PCI Express, Quick Path, and HyperTransport / Infinity Fabric operate at the gigatransfer rate.
See also
Data-rate units
Data transmission, also known as digital transmission
File transfer
Parallel port
Symbol rate (baud)
References
What does GT/s mean, anyway?
Computer performance |
4017186 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gadriel | Gadriel | Gadriel may refer to:
Angels (Marvel Comics) one of the Grigori
or Gadreel, fallen angel called Gadriel ('wall of God') in Chapter 68 of Book of Enoch |
4017188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Lindquist | Johan Lindquist | Johan Lindquist of Stockholm was an important 18th-century Swedish clock and watch maker. He was a pupil of Julien Le Roy in Paris in, perhaps, the 1740s, and in the late 1750s was appointed clock-maker to King Adolf Frederick of Sweden. He died on 4 June 1779. He numbered all his pieces, and was at approximately no. 620 by the time of his death.
References
Gunnar Pipping, Elis Sidenbladh and Erik Elfström Urmakare och klockor i Sverige och Finland Norsted, 1995
External links
A long-case clock by Johan Lindquist.
Businesspeople from Stockholm
Swedish clockmakers
1779 deaths
Year of birth unknown |
4017200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20A.%20Borski%20Jr. | Robert A. Borski Jr. | Robert Anthony Borski (born October 20, 1948) is an American politician. He was a Democratic Party Congressman from the U.S. state of Pennsylvania from 1983 until 2003, representing the state's 3rd congressional district.
Borski was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and he graduated from the University of Baltimore in 1971. He was a member of the Pennsylvania state house of representatives from 1977 to 1982.
In 1982, he took on GOP Representative Charles F. Dougherty in the 3rd Congressional District, which had been renumbered from the 4th after the 1980 Census. 1982 was a rough year for Republicans due to a recession and Borski would be a beneficiary of the public discontent. He also was helped by some friendly redistricting that shifted some heavily Democratic wards to the 3rd. Borski scored a narrow victory of less than 3,000 votes—in the process, ousting the last Republican to represent a significant portion of Philadelphia in the House. The Borski-Dougherty battles would be fought out in this district three more times in 1992, 1998, and 2000 with Borski victorious each time.
In his 20 years in Congress, Borski rose to become the second-ranking Democrat on the Transportation and Infrastructure Committee. He was generally classed as a liberal Democrat, but opposed abortion in most cases.
In 2002, the Republican-controlled State Legislature threw Borski a curve. Pennsylvania was due to lose two districts as a result of the 2000 United States Census, and the legislature dismantled his northeast Philadelphia district. Borski's home was drawn into the Montgomery County-based 13th District of two-term Democrat Joe Hoeffel. They expected that either Borski or Hoeffel would be bloodied from the resulting primary election. However, Borski decided not to run, instead retiring from Congress and allowing Hoeffel to avoid a costly primary campaign.
After retiring, Borski formed his own lobbying firm, Borski Associates. Governor Ed Rendell hired Borski in 2003 to help lobby for the state of Pennsylvania in Congress.
On October 10, 2002, Robert Borski was among the 81 House Democrats who voted in favor of authorizing the invasion of Iraq. In 2003, the post office where Borski's father once carried mail was renamed in his honor.
In 2010, Politics Magazine named him one of the most influential Democrats in Pennsylvania.
References
External links
PA redistricting lawsuit
1948 births
Living people
University of Baltimore alumni
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Pennsylvania lobbyists
Politicians from Philadelphia
Pennsylvania Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
21st-century American politicians |
4017205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omni-Man | Omni-Man | Omni-Man (Nolan Grayson) is a fictional character in the Image Universe, created by writer Robert Kirkman and artist Cory Walker (with Ryan Ottley) as an expansion of a character concept created by Alan Moore and Chris Sprouse. Omni-Man is the father of Invincible and a member of the Viltrumite race, a humanoid species of extraterrestrial origin who possess immense powers, working as a superhero on Earth. As is customary for males of his species, Omni-Man sports a large moustache. Omni-Man appears in Supreme, Invincible, Noble Causes, and Dynamo 5.
In the Invincible television series, Omni-Man is voiced by J. K. Simmons.
Publication history
Omni-Man (as Omniman) was first referenced in Alan Moore's and Chris Sprouse's Supreme: The Story of the Year (August 1996–September 1997), in which the titular Supreme (in his civilian identity of Ethan Crane) would illustrate the adventures of Omniman. Robert Kirkman would officially introduce Omni-Man as the father of the titular character in his comic series Invincible (January 2003–February 2018), redesigned by Cory Walker and Ryan Ottley as a black-haired, moustachioed man compared to his Supreme design of blonde hair and a clean-shaven face.
Fictional character biography
Supreme
In Supreme: The Story of the Year, the superhero Supreme (upon adopting the civilian identity of Ethan Crane) begins drawing the adventures of Omni-Man (spelled Omniman) as a comic book artist for Dazzle Comics, imagining his secret identity as that of Spencer Samson, and his love interests as Linda Lake and Lyra Lemuria alongside writer and Omniman creator Diana Dane. Later, supervillain Cyber-Zerk attacks Supreme's place of work in search of Omniman, assuming the comic to be accurate to life, and kidnapping Dane in an attempt to draw him out, subsequently mistaking Supreme for Omniman. Later, Supreme encounters a real-life version of the Dazzle Comics Omniman in his office after finding a comic book depicting his own life as it is happening. After questioning their respective existences and accusing the other to be fictional, Omniman and Supreme decide to demonstrate each other's powers in a brawl, with Diana helping Supreme by proving background on Omniman's powers. Ultimately, after breaking character, "Omniman" reveals to himself to be the inter-dimensional Szazs, the Sprite Supreme, having imitated Supreme's Omniman in an attempt to win the Impolympics.
Following a multiversal war and a subsequent "revision" of Earth's history in Erik Larsen's Supreme, set during the events of Invincible, the real Omni-Man faces a "mean" Supreme after he viciously beats Suprema into a coma and goes on a killing spree, murdering criminals to re-establish his position as the most powerful superhero on the planet, while Dane, the "modern" Supreme and other surviving Supremes of the Supremacy, having been stripped of their superpowers, adjust to their helplessness in ending "mean" Supreme's rampage. After bringing their fight to the moon, knocking the "mean" Supreme unconscious, Omni-Man is surprised when the "mean" Supreme is captured by Khromium, while on Earth, Dane and Supreme are amazed to see a real-life version of their character brought to life, after finding Dazzle Comics to no longer exist.
Invincible
In Invincible, Omni-Man arrived on Earth in the 1980s, where he eventually adopted the secret identity of a best-selling author named Nolan Grayson. He married Debbie, whose life he had saved, and they had a son together named Mark Grayson. In issue number 7, Nolan lures Earth's premiere superhero team, the Guardians of the Globe, to their hideout in Utah, where he brutally murders all the members. It was later revealed that the Immortal, the Guardians' leader, had been resurrected by the supervillain duo the Mauler Twins in an attempt to brainwash and control him. Remembering Omni-Man's betrayal, Immortal tracked down Nolan and battled him in public, outing him as the murderer and villain he truly is before being killed yet again. Nolan reveals that he was sent to Earth as a conqueror for the Viltrum Empire, a revelation that was in stark contrast to his previous claims that his presence was to advance human technology and protect the Earth from extraterrestrial dangers. In a confrontation shortly thereafter, Omni-Man beat Mark to within an inch of his life, yet he refuses to kill him before he fled the planet.
It was further revealed that Nolan had found a new planet over which to rule, in the hopes of offsetting some of the consequences of his earthly failure. Nolan's rise to power, however, was entirely peaceful. The custom of the native inhabitants, the Mantis Aliens (an insectoid people who live entirely within a nine-month span), was to simply choose the oldest among them to act as their leader. As on Earth, Nolan has taken a native wife, Andressa, and sired a second son, Oliver (who subsequently begins to use the codename "Kid Omni-Man" when he accompanies Invincible back to Earth). The genetic differences between Viltrumites and the mantis-people were more apparent, though, than they were with humans. This caused the child to age much more slowly than his mother's species, but much faster than his father's.
Omni-Man's attempts to appease the Viltrum Empire ended in failure with his defeat and capture at the hands of his own people. He was held captive in prison until the Empire was able to send the required Viltrumite executioners. His parting words to Mark were "Read my books, Mark. My books..." In a conversation with his tailor Art Rosenbaum, Mark learns that the books Nolan referred to were not his well-known travel books, but a series of failed science fiction "novels". While Arthur suspected that the stories were Viltrumite folklore, Mark quickly realized that they were, in fact, first-person accounts of Nolan's own missions to destroy potential threats to the Viltrum Empire, which could provide the secrets to defeating the Viltrumites.
He is later saved on the day of his execution by Allen the Alien, to whom he agrees to reveal the "secret": Viltrumites are a near-extinct race, with fewer than fifty pure-blood able individuals left. Emboldened by the incredible strength shown by his new ally, he begins a two-men campaign to eradicate Viltrum's supremacy. Embarking on adventures across the galaxy, they gather weapons and allies which will give them an advantage over the Viltrumites, before returning to Earth to collect Mark and Oliver. They are briefly waylaid by the Viltrumite champion Conquest, an old enemy of Invincible who is killed in the ensuing battle, but not before Mark is critically injured. Nolan spends the subsequent months bonding with Oliver while Mark heals.
In the final battle of the war, the anti-Viltrumite coalition is victorious, destroying the Viltrumite homeworld and scattering their enemies, although Nolan is badly wounded by the Viltrumite regent Thragg, who secretly relocates the surviving members of his race on Earth, planning to interbreed with humans to covertly rebuild the empire. Tensions mount when Thragg discovers that Nolan is a descendant of the long-dead Viltrumite king, and thus heir to the throne, provoking a fierce battle between them. Although Nolan is overpowered, the Viltrumites recognize him and rally behind him, forcing Thragg to flee. Nolan is subsequently crowned as ruler of the Viltrum Empire.
Nolan Grayson manages to overlook the Viltrumites on Earth and sees how the Viltrumites changed for the better and see Earth as their new home. Nolan learns that Anissa raped Mark, and is saddened at Oliver's death. In the final confrontation between the Viltrumites and Thragg's army, Nolan was killed by Thragg. In his last words to Mark, Nolan Grayson names Mark as his successor to be the Emperor of Viltrumites. In the future, his grandson (Marky) visits Nolan's grave and promises to live up to his father's legacy.
Dynamo 5
In Dynamo 5: Sins of the Father, Omni-Man (alongside Captain Dynamo, Supreme, and the Savage Dragon) defeats Dominex in combat thirty years prior to the series' events, in which Dominex's three sons seek to regain their family's honour (after their father had been spared from execution and sent him back to his home planet in shame) by fighting Invincible and the Dynamo 5.
Powers and abilities
In addition to having all the generic powers and abilities of a Viltrumite, Omni-Man ranks among the most powerful Viltrumites to ever exist. He has superhuman strength, able to easily lift immense amounts of weight and tear through virtually any matter; this places him as the single most powerful being on Earth. He has super speed, able to close tremendous distances in seconds and likewise react to the fastest of opponents. He is nigh-invulnerable, immune to all forms of illness or contamination and able to withstand physical harm from all but the strongest of dangers. He has an enhanced healing factor, able to recover from any damage he does sustain in remarkably short periods of time with no lingering side-effects. He has nigh-limitless stamina, able to continue his exertions for such long periods of time with no effect to his performance and endure any damage he does sustain unhindered. He is also able to levitate and fly. While still needing air, Omni-Man can endure weeks holding his breath and likewise can survive the vacuum of space unprotected, allowing for unaided interstellar travel. Omni-Man is blessed with an immense longevity. This stems from a decelerated aging process, gradually aging slower the older he gets, allowing him to retain his youthful health, vitality, conditioning, and appearance for an incalculably long time. At over two thousand years old, he has only begun to show signs of aging while still physically performing in his prime. Also as a Viltrumite, Omni-Man's genetics are so potent, they almost completely overshadow any genetics his offspring will inherit from the other parent, making said offspring almost purely Viltrumite themselves.
In other media
Omni-Man appears in the Invincible streaming television series, voiced by J. K. Simmons to positive critical reception, spawning several internet memes.
Omni-Man appears in the web series Death Battle where he battled Homelander from The Boys and won.
Reception
Omni-Man was ranked as IGN's 93rd-greatest comic book hero/villain of all time. The website cited his charismatic moustache in its ranking.
The character has been compared to Superman, Vegeta from the Dragon Ball franchise, and Homelander from The Boys comic series and its TV adaptation.
References
Characters created by Robert Kirkman
Fictional characters with slowed ageing
Fictional defectors
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional military personnel in comics
Fictional military personnel in television
Fictional rampage and spree killers
Fictional terrorists
Fictional prison escapees
Fictional sleeper agents
Fictional warlords
Fictional writers
Soldiers in science fiction
Image Comics extraterrestrial superheroes
Image Comics extraterrestrial supervillains
Image Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Image Comics characters with accelerated healing
Image Comics characters with superhuman strength
Image Comics male superheroes
Image Comics male supervillains
Invincible (comic)
Skybound Entertainment superheroes
Skybound Entertainment supervillains
Parodies of Superman
Superheroes with alter egos
Internet memes introduced in 2021
Film and television memes |
4017211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Nelsen | Bill Nelsen | William Keith Nelsen (January 29, 1941 – April 11, 2019) was a football player who played collegiately for the University of Southern California and professionally with both the Pittsburgh Steelers and Cleveland Browns. He was known for his leadership and willingness to play with pain, having endured a series of knee injuries during the course of his career. He later served as an assistant coach with four NFL teams.
College career
After playing one season of community college ball at Cerritos College in California, Nelsen moved on to USC, where he was a key player during his first two seasons, leading the squad in total offense in both 1960 and 1961. In 1962, he split time at the position with Pete Beathard, helping the team capture the national championship.
Professional career
Nelsen was drafted in the 10th round of the 1963 NFL Draft by the Steelers, but saw limited action during his first two seasons. In 1965, new head coach Mike Nixon gave Nelsen the starting job. However, the struggling team finished 2-12, offering him little help, with Nelsen throwing for eight touchdowns, in addition to 17 interceptions. In the November 14, 1965 game against the Dallas Cowboys, Nelsen suffered a knee injury that plagued him the remainder of that year; he underwent surgery after the season.
The following season, Nelsen suffered a knee injury against the Detroit Lions in the season's second game. Originally scheduled to be out of the lineup for six weeks, Nelsen did not return until the season's 12th week. The limited time on the field allowed him to set a league record for fewest interceptions (100 minimum passes) with just one on the campaign. In the season finale on December 18, he completed his final 11 passes to defeat the expansion Atlanta Falcons.
In 1967, the injuries continued for Nelsen when during the closing moments of the September 24 game against the St. Louis Cardinals, he was injured following a tackle by Chuck Walker. He missed the next four games, but came off the bench to engineer a 14-10 comeback victory over the expansion New Orleans Saints on October 29.
On May 14, 1968, Nelsen was traded, along with defensive back Jim Bradshaw, to the Browns. In return, the Pittsburgh Steelers received quarterback Dick Shiner, defensive tackle Frank Parker and an undisclosed draft choice. The trade wound up helping both teams, as within a month into the season, both Nelsen and Shiner were starting at quarterback for their new clubs.
After serving as Frank Ryan's backup for three games in 1968, Nelsen was elevated to the starting role, and quickly made his mark with a shocking 30-20 upset of the previously unbeaten Baltimore Colts on October 20. By the end of the season, Nelsen had led the team to the playoffs, winning nine of his 11 starts.
In 1969, Nelsen had another strong season, leading the Browns to a 10-3-1 record and a postseason berth, as well as being selected to his first and only Pro Bowl. One week after throwing for five touchdowns in a 42-10 victory over the previously unbeaten Dallas Cowboys on November 2, Nelsen spent a miserable afternoon against the Minnesota Vikings on the losing end of a 51-3 score. In addition, he briefly left that game with a pinched nerve in his throwing arm, a malady which would trouble him for the rest of the season.
In game two of the 1970 NFL season, Nelsen took yet another hit to his knees in a September 27 game against the San Francisco 49ers. The injury forced him out of the game and kept him on the sidelines the following week as well. After a mid-season slump, he was replaced for one game by rookie Mike Phipps, but returned to start the final five games. Unfortunately, the Browns dropped to a 7-7 mark and missed the postseason.
In 1971, Nelsen led the Browns to four wins in their first five games, but another mid-season slump once again relegated him to the bench for one game. Unlike the previous year, however, Nelsen led the team to five straight victories to again reach the playoffs. Nelsen briefly won the starting job to start the 1972 season, but gave way to Phipps after a 26-10 loss to the Green Bay Packers in the opening game. Weeks after the conclusion of the season, Nelsen underwent his fifth knee operation and announced his retirement.
In 2012, the Plain Dealer named Nelsen #52 on its list of the top 100 Browns of all time.
Coaching career
On February 14, 1973, he was hired as an assistant coach for the New England Patriots, but resigned after two years. After briefly considering the Browns' open head coaching slot, he accepted an assistant position with the Atlanta Falcons. He resigned that position following the dismissal of head coach Marion Campbell.
On February 9, 1977, he was named quarterback coach of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, reuniting him with his former college coach, John McKay. He spent the next six seasons in that role until being fired amid reports of conflict with Buccaneers quarterback Doug Williams and McKay. After sitting out the 1983 NFL season, Nelsen was hired by Detroit Lions' head coach Monte Clark, a former Browns teammate, as their offensive coordinator on January 20, 1984.
On April 11, 2019, Nelsen died in Orlando, Florida, at the age of 78.
References
External links
Bill Nelson Career statistics
1941 births
2019 deaths
American football quarterbacks
Atlanta Falcons coaches
Cerritos Falcons football players
Cleveland Browns players
Detroit Lions coaches
New England Patriots coaches
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers coaches
USC Trojans football players
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from Los Angeles |
4017218 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaykhism | Shaykhism | Shaykhism () is a Shi'a Islamic school founded by Shaykh Ahmad in early 19th-century Qajar Iran. While grounded in traditional Twelver Shiʻi doctrine, Shaykhism diverged from the Usuli school in its interpretation of key ideas such as the nature of the end times and the day of resurrection, the source of jurisprudential authority, and the proper hermeneutic to be employed in interpreting prophecy through the mystical writings of the Twelver Imams. These divergences resulted in controversy and ongoing accusations of heresy from Usulis and Akhbaris.
It has been described as a mystical strand of Twelver Shi'a Islam.
, there remained a following in Iran, Iraq Saudi Arabia, Kuwait and Pakistan.
Shaykhí teachings
Eschatology
The primary force behind Ahmad's teachings is the belief in the occultation of the Twelfth Imam. Believers in this doctrine, hold that the last divine ordained leader, or Imam, lives in occultation and will reappear as the promised Mahdi. Following the Mahdi's appearance, Ahmad teaches that the Imam Hussain ibn Ali will return to re-conquer the world and that the Imam Ali and prophet Muhammad will kill Satan. Al Raj'a (meaning "the return" in English) was heavily emphasized by Ahmad and is more important in Shaykhism than in the Usuli school of Islam.
Shaykh Ahmad's perspectives on accepted Islamic doctrines diverged in several areas, most notably on his mystical interpretation of prophesy. The sun, moon and stars of the Qurʼan's eschatological surahs are seen as allegorical, similar to Ismailis, where common Muslim interpretation is that events involving celestial bodies will happen literally at the Day of Judgment.
Mystical interpretation
In other writings, Shaykh Ahmad synthesizes rather dramatic descriptions of the origin of the prophets, the primal word, and other religious themes through allusions and mystical language. Much of this language is oriented around trees, specifically the primal universal tree of Eden, described in Jewish scripture as being two trees. This primal tree is, in some ways, the universal spirit of the prophets themselves:The symbol of the preexistent tree appears elsewhere in Shaykh Ahmad's writings. He says, for instance, that the Prophet and the Imams exist both on the level of unconstrained being or preexistence, wherein they are the Complete Word and the Most Perfect Man, and on the level of constrained being. On this second, limited plane, the cloud of the divine Will subsists and from it emanates the Primal Water that irrigates the barren earth of matter and of elements. Although the divine Will remains unconstrained in essential being, its manifest aspect has now entered into limited being. When God poured down from the clouds of Will on the barren earth, he thereby sent down this water and it mixed with the fallow soil. In the garden of the heaven known as as-Saqurah, the Tree of Eternity arose, and the Holy Spirit or Universal Intellect, the first branch that grew upon it, is the first creation among the worlds.
Prominent Scholars
Shaykh Ahmad
Shaykh Ahmad, at about age forty, began to study in earnest in the Shiʻa centres of religious scholarship such as Karbala and Najaf. He attained sufficient recognition in such circles to be declared a mujtahid, an interpreter of Islamic Law. He contended with Sufi and Neo-Platonist scholars, and attained a positive reputation among their detractors. He declared that all knowledge and sciences were contained (in essential form) within the Qurʼan, and that to excel in the sciences, all knowledge must be gleaned from the Qurʼan. His leadership style and approach to interpretation draw both on traditional and theosophical methods, attempting to harmonize these two streams of Shiʻia thought in unprecedented ways, and emphasizing the validity of intuitive knowledge for religious thought. Rather than relying entirely on Ijtihad, or independent rational justification, Shakyh Ahmad claimed to derive direct guidance from the Imams. Relying entirely on individual justification for religious guidance had, he suggested, led to the introduction into Shiʻa belief of erroneous views of particular scholars. By emphasizing the role of a charismatic leader whose work was suggested to shared in the infallibility of the Imams, Shakyh Ahmad suggested that the diversity of rulings promoted by the ulama could be replaced with a singular set of doctrines-this view would later find widespread support in the Ayatollah system of modern Usulism. His views resulted in his denunciation by several learned clerics, and he engaged in many debates before moving on to Persia where he settled for a time in the province of Yazd. It was in Isfahan that most of this was written.
Sayyid Kazim Rashti
Al-Ahsa'is most prominent student, Kazim Rashti, was given the authority to teach on his behalf in Karbala and became his undisputed successor.
Abbas Amanat notes that, in contrast to other religious schools in Iran where students came from families of high-ranking clerics, "the majority of the students in Rashti's circle, with the exception of a few, were alike in their humble origins".
Karim Khan
Al-Rashti had hundreds of students and several of his leading students claimed to be the true successors to his scholarship. The two main currents of Shaykhism since then came to be known as the Kermani and Tabrizi Schools.
Karim Khan Kermani (1809/1810-1870/1871) became the leader of the main Shaykhi group. He became the foremost critic of those that formed a new religion, writing four essays against them. He repudiated some of the more radical teachings of Ahsai and Rashti and moved the Shaykhi school back towards the mainstream Usuli teachings. Karim Khan Kirmani was succeeded by his son Shaykh Muhammad Khan Kirmani (1846–1906), then by Muhammad's brother Shaykh Zaynal 'Abidln Kirmani (1859–1946). Shaykh Zayn al-'Abidin Kirmani was succeeded by Shaykh Abu al-Qasim Ibrahimi (1896–1969), who was succeeded by his son 'Abd al-Rida Khan Ibrahimi who was a leader until his death.
Muhammad Baqir Sharif Tabatabae
Mirza Muhammad Baqir Sharif Tabatabaei was born in a village named Qehi, in the vicinity of Isfahan, in 1823. His father, Mulla Muhammad Jafar was an admirer of Sheikh Ahmad Ahsaei.
After learning the basics from his father, Mirza Muhammad Baqir travelled to Isfahan to continue his education, and resided in Nimavard School where he studied different sciences for several years. Then he met one of the admirers of Haj Muhammad Karim Kermani, (who was also known as “Badr”). Since Kermani was on a pilgrimage to Imam Reza's shrine in Mashhad through Yazd, he travelled to Yazd in the hope of visiting the great man in 1261 Hijri year.
Since the path was dangerous, and Kermani had to return to Kerman, Mirza Muhammad Baqir accompanied him to Kerman, and resided in Ibrahimieh School, studying Islamic theology. He soon reached a level where he could teach the lessons of his grand master.
After several years, the date of which is not known, Kermani sent him to the city of Naein for preaching and guidance, where he spent some years preaching and proselytizing.
Mirza Muhammad Baqir immediately gained the attention and respect of the Sheikhieh members of Naein, Anarak, Jandaq, Biabanak and the surrounding cities.
Then he returned to Kerman, Until Kermani left for a pilgrimage to Karbala in 1283 Hijri year. When Kermani arrived in Hamedan, because of the great number of Sheikhieh adherents, and also lack of great leaders after the demise of Mullah Abdulsamad Hamedani, he appointed Mirza Muhammad Baqir as a leader in his absence, and continued his pilgrimage to Karbala.
Mirza Muhammad Baqir stayed in Hamedan since his mentor had mandated it. He engaged in preaching, proselytizing and teaching Islamic principles for 32 years. He was a great leader and protector for the Sheikhieh members after the demise of his mentor, until 1315 Hijri.
In Eid al-Fitr of 1315, when the riots of Hamedan occurred, he migrated to Jandaq village and stayed there for the rest of his fruitful life, teaching Islamic principles and preaching.
Mirza Muhammad Baqir died on the 23rd of Shaʼban 1319 (1901), at the age of 80. After Maqrib and Isha prayer.
This great man was buried in the same village, but after two years, his body was moved to Mashhad, to be laid to rest in Imam Reza's shrine, next to his Imam. He has left more than 190 manuscripts and almost 2000 sermons and teachings.
Modern Shaykhism
The current leader of the Shaykhiya is Zein al-Abedin Ebrahimi from Iran which become the leader of Shaykhiya when the last leader Mr. Ali al-Musawi died in Iraq.
Ali al-Musawi was the man who heads a community with followers in Iraq - mainly Basrah and Karbala - Iran and the Persian Gulf. Basrah has a significant Shaykhi minority, and their mosque is one of the largest in the city holding up to 12,000 people. The Shaykhiya were resolutely apolitical and hence were allowed relative freedom under Saddam Hussein. Since the 2003 Invasion of Iraq and subsequent Iraqi Civil War they have been targeted by Iraqi nationalists who accused them of being Saudis on the grounds that Ahmad al-Ahsai was from present-day Saudi Arabia. They responded by creating an armed militia and asking all local political groups to sign a pact allowing them to live in peace. This was done at the al-Zahra conference in April 2006. In a move away from their traditional apolitical stance, a Shaykhi political party stood in the Basra governorate election, 2009; they came third, winning 5% of the votes and 2 out of 35 seats.
Reception in other religions
Bábís and then Baháʼís see Shaykhism as a spiritual ancestor of their movement, preparing the way for the Báb and eventually Baháʼu'lláh. According to this view, Shaykhism has outlived its eschatological purpose and is no longer relevant. There are many connections between Bábism and Shaykhism. The Báb met with Siyyid Kazim several times and more than half of the 'prominent' converts to the Bábí Faith in its first four years were Shaykhis according to Moojan Momen and Peter Smith. One key similarity between Shaykhism and the Bábí and Baháʼí Faiths is their shared emphasis on a symbolic and allegorical understanding of religious scripture.
Further reading
Corbin, Henry (1977). Spriritual Body and Celestial Earth: From Mazdean Iran to Shi'ite Iran. Princeton University Press, New Jersey.
Related documents on Bahai-library.com
Notes
References
External links
Early Shaykhism: Some Bibliographical Notes, Translations and Studies by Stephen Lambden
Collected Works of Shaykh Ahmad al-Ahsa'i at H-Bahai Discussion Network
Al-Abrar; Digital Library of Shaykhia
Shaykhism
Twelver Shi'ism
Ja'fari jurisprudence
History of the Bahá'í Faith
Shia Islam in Iraq
Islam in Iran |
4017222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tendring | Tendring | Tendring is a village and civil parish in Essex. It gives its name to the Tendring District and before that the Tendring Hundred. Its name was given to the larger groupings because it was at the centre, not because it was larger than the other settlements. In 2011 the parish had a population of 736 and the district had a population of 138,048. The linear village straddles the B1035 from Manningtree to Thorpe-le-Soken.
The parish includes the settlements of Goose Green, Tendring Green and Tendring Heath. The church is dedicated to St Edmund. The Tendring Union Workhouse was located at Tendring Heath.
Transport
The village is on the B1035 road and close to the A120 road. There are bus services to Clacton-on-Sea and Colchester.
References
Villages in Essex
Civil parishes in Essex
External links
St Edmund King & Martyr Church website |
4017227 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Torre | José María Torre | José María Torre (born José María Torre Hütt on November 4, 1977, in San Salvador, El Salvador) is a Mexican Salvador-born actor and fashion designer known for his roles in telenovelas. He is the brother of Fátima Torre and Andrea Torre. He started his career at the age of five doing television commercials.
Biography
Born in San Salvador, El Salvador into a large family, that encompasses four brothers and six sisters, two of them are actresses: Andrea and Fátima. Jose María is Catholic.
He started his acting career when his family moved to Mexico City at the age of 5 years old doing commercials. At age 12, he obtained a small role in the telenovela Yo compro esa mujer, playing the child version of Alejandro (Eduardo Yáñez). Later that year, he also appeared in Amor de nadie starred by Lucía Méndez. Three years later, he played the character of Lucero's brother in Los parientes pobres. In 1994, he also starred in Agujetas de color de rosa and also performed two songs for the telenovela's soundtrack: "Siempre estarás en mí" (duet with Irán Castillo) and "Cruce de sonrisas". Since then, he has made more than ten telenovelas with Televisa. In addition to his acting career, he also pursued fashion design; he released his line of clothes on October 27, 2005.
Several years later, he debuted in Telemundo and starred in Dueños del paraíso with Kate del Castillo and Jorge Zabaleta. In 2016, he obtained a major villain role in Señora Acero: La Coyote, opposite Carolina Miranda and Luis Ernesto Franco. Two years after, he returned to Televisa and joined the legal drama Por amar sin ley in the role of Roberto Morelli, one of the key lawyers of the Vega y Asociados law firm who falls in love with Victoria Escalante (Altaír Jarabo).
Filmography
Film
Television roles
References
External links
José María Torre at esmas.com
Profile and chat archive at the telenovela database
1977 births
Living people
Mexican male child actors
Mexican male film actors
Mexican male stage actors
Mexican male telenovela actors
Mexican male television actors
Mexican fashion designers
Male actors from Mexico City
Mexican Roman Catholics |
4017230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maziar%20Miri | Maziar Miri | Maziar Miri (born 1974 in Tehran) is an Iranian filmmaker.
Maziar Miri graduated in editing, and started his career with making documentaries about Iran. He made his first short film in 1996, and worked for several years in the editing department of Iranian TV, channel 2. He made his debut feature film in 2000 titled The Unfinished Piece that won him several international awards but the movie was never allowed to release in Iran because of its topic about women being banned from singing in Iran. He directed a documentary series titled Red Migration that lasted from 2002 to 2004.
His second feature film, Gradually, was selected to be screened in 2006-Berlin film festival for the programme section. Reward of Silence is his third film with a different anti-war view at Iran -Iraq war. The Book of Law is the fourth film made by Miri on the topic of wrong customs and conventions in Iranian culture which was banned immediately for 2 years and was allowed neither to attend international festivals nor even national ones. It was finally unbanned after 2 years removing 9 minutes of it.
In 2010 he made his fifth film, Felicity Land. The film has criticized Iran's middle class. His latest film, The Painting Pool, is about a mentally retarded couple and their problems in the society of Iran.
Filmography
Film
Sara and Aida (2016)
The Painting Pool (2012)
Felicity Land (2011)
The Book of Law (2008)
Reward of Silence (2006)
Gradually (2005)
The Unfinished Song (2000)
Home Video
Honors and awards
Regard d’Or (Grand Prize of the Festival), Fribourg International Film Festival, Switzerland (2006).
International Critics Prize (FIPRESCI) at Dhaka Film Festival.
Best Directing Honorary Diploma at the Fajr Film Festival in International category.
Best Film Award at Fajr Film Festival in the International Section for Gradually.
See also
Persian cinema
References
External links
Maziar Miri's official website
1971 births
Living people
Iranian film directors |
4017235 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boutique%20amplifier | Boutique amplifier | Boutique amplifier is a catch-all descriptor for any type of instrument amplifier that is typically hand built with the intention of being much better than the mass-produced variety offered by large companies. In the majority of cases, this is reflected in the price. Sometimes they are clones of older designs, often with minor improvements or alterations in layout or circuit design; sometimes they are new designs altogether.
History
California company Mesa Boogie can lay claim to being perhaps the earliest boutique amp company: their late 1960s Mark series, based on the ubiquitous Fender Princeton "study" amp but "hot-rodded", quickly established a reputation for tone and volume, and was used by, among others, Carlos Santana.
Since the advent of the boutique amp age, larger companies have released reissues of their classic designs, touting their faithfulness to the original sound and the labor-intensive building process.
Common elements
Some common features of boutique amplifiers include point-to-point or turret board construction, heavy-duty chassis, NOS vacuum tubes, and high-end electronic parts and speakers.
Notable manufacturers
Gjika Amplification
Bogner Amplification
Fryette Amplification
Carr Amplifiers
65amps
Matchless Amplifiers
Dumble Amplifiers
Trainwreck Circuits
Carol-Ann Amplifiers
Van Weelden Amplifiers
See also
Tube sound
References
Instrument amplifiers |
4017242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athletics%20Weekly | Athletics Weekly | Athletics Weekly was a weekly track and field magazine until 2020 when it became AW and is now published monthly
It is published in the United Kingdom by Athletics Weekly Limited and covers news, results, fixtures, coaching and product advice for all aspects of track and field, cross-country, road racing and race walking.
Jimmy Green years (1945 to 1987)
The magazine was started as a monthly by PW "Jimmy" Green in 1945, with the first few issues produced from the back bedroom of a bungalow in Kent which Green shared with his wife, Pam.
With post-war paper rationing still in force, Green used a mixture of determination and devilment to launch the first, self-published edition. It was numbered Volume II Issue I, but this was a deliberate error to fool the government into thinking the magazine had existed before the war. There was, of course, never a Volume I.
Green was also told by athletics and publishing experts that the idea would never work. “I thanked them for their advice and completely ignored it. I was pig headed,” said Green. Green's magazine went weekly in January 1950, published on Fridays, and has never failed to come out since.
In 1968, Green (who died in 1998, aged 88) passed the editorship to the enthusiastic and knowledgeable Mel Watman, who in a near-20-year reign steered the title to some success and continued to build its reputation for accuracy and authority.
Independently published by Kent Art Printers in a distinctive A5, pocket-sized format, the magazine reached its peak of popularity in the mid-1980s - coinciding with the marathon running boom following the first London Marathon in 1981 - selling some 25,000 copies per week.
Emap years (1987 to 1999)
The title was bought in 1987 by Emap and moved from Kent to Peterborough, where the management sought to repeat the publishing success of its Smash Hits pop title and re-launched AW as an A4 title aimed at teenagers. Emap’s youthful relaunch was very unpopular with traditional readers and damaged the magazine's reputation.
Mel Watman remained in a consultant role until he jointly launched ‘Athletics Today’, at which time the only other pre-Emap member of staff also left the magazine. New members of journalistic staff included UK international athletes Paul Larkins and Martin Gillingham. By late 1989, one-third of sales had been lost. Keith Nelson, Emap's choice as editor, moved on to edit ‘Country Walking’ magazine and subsequently launch ‘Trail Walker’ magazine with Emap.
Aware of its loyal following's disgruntlement with the re-launch of Athletics Weekly, in 1989 Eddie Kulukundis funded the launch of a rival title, Athletics Today, jointly edited by Randall Northam and Mel Watman: for the first time in its existence, Athletics Weekly now faced competition.
Despite the sport's continued successes through the 1990s and the ultimate demise of its rival in 1993, Athletics Weekly struggled in vain to regain its reputation, even though results were published only days after events took place - whereas results in the original title could be published weeks afterwards.
Descartes years (1999 to 2010)
After a decade's ownership, Emap admitted defeat and in April 1999 licensed the title to Descartes Publishing, a company established by businessman and athletics enthusiast Matthew Fraser Moat for the purpose. Descartes kept the title in Peterborough and went on to purchase the title outright in 2003. In February 2005 the magazine was awarded Sports BrandLeader status
and in December 2005 Athletics Weekly celebrated its 60th birthday with a charity calendar
and a special 100 page edition.
In 2006 the title changed its publication date back to a Thursday, and increased in size to 64 pages a week; in 2007 an online digital version was launched and in 2009 Athletics Weekly became the first magazine in the world to have all its content commercially available on the iPhone. In 2010 the AW app was relaunched for the iPad.
A sister company, Athletics Data Limited, was formed to manage the commercial rights of ''Athletics Weeklys results data and in 2009 Athletics Data was appointed to run Power of 10, a statistical website, for UK Athletics.
Taking advantage of the renewed interest in the sport generated by London 2012 and Usain Bolt, the magazine was "highly commended" in the "Brand Extension of The Year" category at the 2009 Independent Publisher Awards and won a "Media Pioneer Award" at the 2010 Specialist Media Show.
In January 2010, the magazine celebrated 60 years as a weekly magazine.
Athletics Weekly years (2010 to date)
In May 2010, ownership of the magazine passed to a new company "Athletics Weekly Limited", with a new publisher Richard Hughes. In 2015 the magazine was bought by The Great Run Company. Wendy Sly is managing director of the Great Run Publishing team.
In 2020, Athletics Weekly became a monthly magazine and changed its name to AW.
There are five editorial staff who work full-time at Athletics Weekly:
Jason Henderson - Editor
Euan Crumley - Editorial Director
Mike Taylor - Production Editor
Steve Smythe - Results Editor
Jessica Whittington - Web Editor
Full list of Athletics Weekly editors PW "Jimmy" Green - 1945-1968Mel Watman - 1968-1986Barry Trowbridge - 1986-1987Keith Nelson - 1987-1989Steven Downes - 1989-1991Paul Richardson - 1991-1992David Clarke - 1993-1994Paul Larkins - 1994-1995Nigel Walsh - 1995-2001Jason Henderson - 2001 to dateRandall Northam edited it for a week in 1986.
References
External links
Athletics Weekly website
AW digital edition
Athletics Data website
Power of 10 website
1945 establishments in the United Kingdom
Athletics magazines
Magazines established in 1945
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Sports magazines published in the United Kingdom
Weekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Mass media in Kent
Mass media in Peterborough |
4017259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A4018%20road | A4018 road | The A4018 is an A-road connecting the city centre of Bristol to the M5 motorway at Cribbs Causeway. It is one of the four principal roads which link central Bristol to the motorway network (the others being the M32 motorway, the A38 and the Portway).
Route
The A4018 runs for , starting at a junction with the A4 and A38 at The Centre, and finishing at junction 17 of the M5 motorway at Cribbs Causeway. The route includes Park Street and Whiteladies Road. It then passes over part of Durdham Down on Westbury Road, then along Falcondale Road and Passage Road through Westbury-on-Trym and Brentry. The final part of the A4018 is Cribbs Causeway, near Catbrain. Part of the road forms the boundary for the Westbury-on-Trym electoral ward in Bristol.
History
The original route of the A4018 went from Bristol to Avonmouth via Durdham Down and Shirehampton Road, the main road between Bristol and Avonmouth before the Portway was opened in 1926. By the 1940s only the route from the centre of Bristol to Durdham Down was designated the A4018, and the remainder of the route had been redesignated the B4054. In 1959 Passage Road was widened and rebuilt, and by 1962 the route of the A4018 was extended from Durdham Down to Cribbs Causeway along the former route of the B4055 (Westbury Road), unclassified roads (Falcondale Road and Passage Road) and a further part of the B4055 (Cribbs Causeway), linking with the New Filton Bypass which ran from Cribbs Causeway to the A38 north of Patchway. In December 1971 the New Filton Bypass was incorporated into the M5 motorway, and the A4018, by then dualled from Cribbs Causeway to Westbury-on-Trym, became the principal road linking the motorway to west Bristol.
Places of interest
Sites close to the route of the road include Blaise Castle, an Iron Age hill fortification.
References
Roads in England
Roads in Bristol |
4017269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concordat%20of%20Bologna | Concordat of Bologna | The Concordat of Bologna (1516) was an agreement between King Francis I of France and Pope Leo X that Francis negotiated in the wake of his victory at Marignano in September 1515. The groundwork was laid in a series of personal meetings of king and pope in Bologna, 11–15 December 1515. The concordat was signed in Rome on 18 August 1516. It marked a stage in the evolution of the Gallican Church.
The Concordat explicitly superseded the Pragmatic Sanction of Bourges (1438), which had proved ineffective in guaranteeing the privileges of the Church in France, where bishoprics and abbacies had been wrangled over even before the Parlement of Paris: "hardly anywhere were elections held in due form", R. Aubenas observes, "for the king succeeded in foisting his own candidates upon the electors by every conceivable means, not excluding the most ruthless".
The Concordat permitted the Pope to collect all the income that the Catholic Church made in France, while the King of France was confirmed in his right to tithe the clerics and to restrict their right of appeal to Rome. The Concordat confirmed the King of France's right to nominate appointments to benefice (archbishops, bishops, abbots and priors), enabling the Crown, by controlling its personnel, to decide who was to lead the Gallican Church. Despite these gains, the Concordat was not the triumph of the French monarchy and encountered bitter opposition from the Parlement of France and the University of Paris.
Canonical installation of those church officers was reserved to the Pope; thus the agreement confirmed the papal veto of any leader the King of France chose who might be deemed truly unqualified. The Concordat confirmed the Apostolic Camera's right to collect annates, the first year's revenue from each benefice, a right that when abused led to shuffling of prelates among dioceses. The fiction of elections to bishopric by canons and to abbacies by monks was discontinued. On Francis's part, it was at last firmly conceded that the Pope's powers were not subject to any council, an affirmation of the papal position in the long-crushed Conciliar Movement.
Notes
References
Bibliography
Knecht, R. J. (1963). "The Concordat of 1516: A Reassessment". In: University of Birmingham Historical Journal 9.1 (1963), pp. 16-32.
Bologna, Concordat of (1516)
Bologna
Religion in the Ancien Régime
1516 in France
16th-century Christianity
16th-century Catholicism
Documents of Pope Leo X |
4017279 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thoracolumbar%20fascia | Thoracolumbar fascia | The thoracolumbar fascia (lumbodorsal fascia or thoracodorsal fascia) is a deep investing membrane throughout most of the posterior thorax and abdomen although it is a thin fibrous lamina in the thoracic region. Above, it is continuous with a similar investing layer on the back of the neck—the nuchal fascia.
It is formed of longitudinal and transverse fibers that bridge the aponeuroses of internal oblique and transversus, costal angles and iliac crest laterally, to the vertebral column and sacrum medially. In doing so, they cover the paravertebral muscles.
It is made up of three layers, anterior, middle, and posterior. The anterior and middle layers insert onto the transverse processes of the vertebral column while the posterior layer inserts onto the tips of the spinous processes, hence it is indirectly continuous with the interspinous ligaments.
The anterior layer is the thinnest and the posterior layer is the thickest. Two spaces are formed between these three layers of the fascia.
Psoas major lies anterior to the anterior layer, with the anterior fascia of this muscle being continuous with the vertebral body and thus the anterior longitudinal ligament.
Between the anterior and middle layer lies the quadratus lumborum muscle.
The erector spinae muscles and the transversospinales muscles are then enclosed between the middle and posterior layers.
Various superficial muscle layers on the posterior thorax and abdomen then arise from the posterior layer. These primarily include latissimus dorsi and serratus posterior inferior.
See also
Erector spinae muscles
References
External links
- "Thoracolumbar Fascia, Dissection, Posterior View"
- "Trunk, Transverse MRI Showing Lamellae of the Thoracolumbar Fascia"
Thorax (human anatomy)
Fascial spaces of the head and neck |
4017290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTV2 | UTV2 | UTV2 was a television channel, owned by Ulster Television plc (now UTV Media). The channel was on digital terrestrial television and NTL cable in Northern Ireland.
The channel launched on 28 June 1999 as TV You, but was rebranded as UTV2 in 2000. The programming consisted primarily of simulcasts with ITV2, as broadcast in England, Wales and the Scottish Borders, although they did also use archive programmes from UTV.
Unusually, for a commercial station, UTV2 did not carry any advertising. This was presumably due to their failure to attract advertisers to UTV2, which was only receivable by a few thousand viewers.
UTV2 closed on 22 January 2002 following a deal with ITV Digital and was replaced by ITV2.
See also
UTV
ITV2
S2
References
1999 establishments in Northern Ireland
Defunct British television channels
Mass media in Belfast
Television channels and stations established in 1999
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2002
Television channels in the United Kingdom
Television in Northern Ireland
UTV (TV channel)
2002 disestablishments in Northern Ireland
Commercial-free television networks |
4017291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Fabyan%20Parrott | John Fabyan Parrott | John Fabyan Parrott (August 8, 1767July 9, 1836) was a United States representative and a Senator from New Hampshire.
He was born in Portsmouth in the Province of New Hampshire to John Parrott, a merchant and ship captain, and his wife Deborah Walker. He followed his father's line of work and began trading in Europe and the Caribbean, something which stopped with the passing of the Embargo Act of 1807. Parrott was a member of the New Hampshire House of Representatives from 1809 to 1814 and also held various local offices. He was an unsuccessful candidate for election in 1812 to the Thirteenth Congress, but was elected to the U.S. House of Representatives for the Fifteenth Congress, serving from March 4, 1817 to March 3, 1819. He was then elected to the U.S. Senate and served from March 4, 1819 to March 3, 1825. He was a Democratic Republican (later Adams-Clay Republican).
Later, in 1826, he was the postmaster of Portsmouth. He was also a member of the New Hampshire Senate from 1830 to 1831. He died in Greenland, New Hampshire and was interred in the family burying ground on the Parrott estate. His papers are kept at the University of North Carolina.
His sons included Robert Parker Parrott and Peter Pearse Parrott.
References
1767 births
1836 deaths
Members of the New Hampshire House of Representatives
New Hampshire state senators
Members of the United States House of Representatives from New Hampshire
United States senators from New Hampshire
New Hampshire postmasters
New Hampshire Democratic-Republicans
Democratic-Republican Party United States senators
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives |
4017314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titulus%20Crucis | Titulus Crucis | The Titulus Crucis (Latin for "Title of the Cross") is a piece of wood kept in the Church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme in Rome which is claimed to be the (title panel) of the True Cross on which Jesus Christ was crucified. It is venerated by some Catholics as a relic associated with Jesus. Its authenticity is disputed, with some scholars confirming a plausible authenticity, while others ignore or consider it to be a medieval forgery.
The board is made of walnut wood, and has a weight of . It is inscribed on one side with three lines, of which the first is mostly destroyed. The second line is written in Greek letters and reversed script, the third in Latin letters, also with reversed script. The Latin reads ("Jesus the Nazarene King of the Jews"), corresponding to John 19:19 and the initials INRI familiar to Roman Catholics. The Titulus Crucis is also mentioned in the Synoptics: in Mark 15:26 (as the reason of the crucifixion), in Luke 23:38 and in Matthew 27:37.
Helena's relic
Saint Helena, Roman Empress and mother of Emperor Constantine the Great, went on pilgrimage to the Holy Land and reportedly discovered the True Cross and many other relics which were donated to the church of Santa Croce in Gerusalemme ("Holy Cross in Jerusalem") which she had built in Rome about AD 325. Gherardo Caccianemici dal Orso was made cardinal priest of the church in 1124 and, some time before he became Pope Lucius II in 1144, he renovated the church and had the relic deposited in a box that bears his seal as a cardinal. The box was apparently forgotten until 1 February 1492, when workers restoring a mosaic discovered it hidden behind a brick that was inscribed "Titulus Crucis". Pedro González de Mendoza, Spanish cardinal priest of Santa Croce at the time, encouraged veneration of the rediscovered relic.
Other Jerusalem relics
Some Christian pilgrims who visited Jerusalem in the centuries between Helena and Pope Lucius reported seeing Christ's titulus there: Egeria reported that in AD 383 "A silver-gilt casket is brought in which is the holy wood of the Cross. The casket is opened and (the wood) is taken out, and both the wood of the Cross and the title are placed upon the table." Antoninus of Piacenza in the 6th century described a of "nut" wood with the inscription ("Here is the king of the Jews"), corresponding to Luke 23:38.
Authenticity
In 1997, the German author and historian Michael Hesemann performed an investigation of the relic. Hesemann presented the inscription of the title to seven experts on Hebrew, Greek and Latin palaeography: Gabriel Barkay of the Israel Antiquities Authority, Hanan Eshel, Ester Eshel and Leah Di Segni of the Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Roll and Benjamin Isaac of the University of Tel Aviv and Carsten Peter Thiede of Paderborn/Germany and the University of Beer Sheva, Israel. According to Hesemann, none of the consulted experts found any indication of a mediaeval or late antique forgery. They all dated it in the timeframe between the 1st and the 3rd–4th century AD, with a majority of experts preferring, and none of them excluding, the 1st century. Hesemann concluded that it is very well possible that the Titulus Crucis is indeed the authentic relic.
Carsten Peter Thiede suggested that the Titulus Crucis is likely to be a genuine part of the Cross, written by a Jewish scribe. He cites that the order of the languages match what is historically plausible rather than the order shown in the canonical New Testament because had it been a counterfeit, the forger would surely have remained faithful to the biblical text. Joe Nickell refers to this argument as "trying to psychoanalyze the dead," saying that "Forgers—particularly of another era—may do something cleverer or dumber or simply different from what we would expect."
In 2002, the Roma Tre University conducted radiocarbon dating tests on the artifact, and it was shown to have been made between 980 and 1146 AD. The uncalibrated radio-carbon date was 1020 ± 30 BP, calibrated as AD 996–1023 (1σ) and AD 980–1146 (2σ), using INTCAL98. These results were published in the peer-reviewed journal Radiocarbon. The Titulus Crucis recovered from the residence of Helena is therefore most likely a medieval artifact; an Italian classical scholar Maria Rigato discussed a possibility that it is a copy of the now-lost original.
See also
Relics associated with Jesus
Arma Christi
Crown of thorns
Holy Nail
Holy Sponge
Lance of Longinus
True Cross
Notes
References
External links
Rosary Workshop on the Titulus Crucis
Relics associated with Jesus
Forgery controversies
Latin words and phrases
Christian terminology |
4017322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ADVISE | ADVISE | ADVISE (Analysis, Dissemination, Visualization, Insight, and Semantic Enhancement) is a research and development program within the United States Department of Homeland Security (DHS) Threat and Vulnerability Testing and Assessment (TVTA) portfolio. It is reportedly developing a massive data mining system, which would collect and analyze data on everyone in the United States and perform a "threat analysis" on them. The data can be anything from financial records, phone records, emails, blog entries, website searches, to any other electronic information that can be put into a computer system. This information is then analyzed, and used to monitor social threats such as community-forming, terrorism, political organizing, or crime.
ADVISE will possess the ability to store one quadrillion data entities.
The exact scope and degree of completion of the program is unclear. ADVISE is in the 2004-2006 Federal DHS Budget as a component of the $47 million TVTA program.
The program was officially scrapped in September 2007 after the agency's internal Inspector General found that pilot testing of the system had been performed using data on real people without required privacy safeguards in place.
See also
Data warehouse
Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA)
ECHELON
Information Awareness Office
NSA warrantless surveillance controversy
TALON (Threat and Local Observation Notice)
References
External links
US plans massive data sweep, February 9, 2006 article by Mark Clayton in the Christian Science Monitor
Data Sciences Technology for Homeland Security Information Management and Knowledge Discovery, report of the Department of Homeland Security Workshop on Data Sciences conducted September 22–23, 2004, released in January 2005 by Sandia National Laboratories and Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. See pages 7–8.
Information to Insight in a Counterterrorism Context, report on ADVISE prepared for the US Department of Energy by Robert Burleson of the Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory at the University of California
Threat & Vulnerability, Testing & Assessment - $47M, page 23 of Fiscal Year 2006 Budget Brief for the Department of Homeland Security Science & Technology Directory, by Parney Albright, March 1, 2005
ADVISE at SourceWatch
United States Department of Homeland Security
Privacy of telecommunications
Mass surveillance |
4017334 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtownstewart | Newtownstewart | Newtownstewart is a village and townland of in County Tyrone, Northern Ireland. It is overlooked by hills called Bessy Bell and Mary Gray and lies on the River Strule below the confluence with its tributary the Owenkillew. It is situated in the historic barony of Strabane Lower and the civil parish of Ardstraw. In the 2011 Census it had a population of 1,551 people. It lies within the Derry City and Strabane District Council area.
History
The townland of Newtownstewart was historically called Lislas. Newtownstewart Castle was built by Sir Robert Newcomen in 1615 as part of the Plantation of Ulster. The castle was acquired by Sir William Stewart when he married Newcommen's second daughter in 1629. The castle and town were renamed Newtownstewart by Sir William Stewart after his birthplace.
The Northern Bank building on the corner was the scene of an infamous murder in 1871 when bank cashier William Glass was robbed of £1,600 and killed. Assistant District Inspector Thomas Hartley Montgomery, of the Royal Irish Constabulary, who was in charge of the investigation, was subsequently tried, convicted, and hanged at Omagh Gaol.
Newtownstewart Town Hall, which was the venue for petty session hearings, was completed in 1880.
Royal Visit
The Duke and Duchess of York visited the Duke of Abercorn at Baronscourt as part of their Royal Visit to Northern Ireland in 1924.
Sport
Newtownstewart St. Eugene's is the local Gaelic Athletic Association club.
Ardstraw Football Club is the local football club. They have a strong connection to the town with many players coming from within the town and the surrounding area
Demographics
On Census Day 27 March 2011, in Newtownstewart Settlement, considering the resident population:
99.74% were from the white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic group;
52.87% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 45.84% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion; and
43.58% indicated that they had a British national identity, 25.53% had an Irish national identity and 33.33% had a Northern Irish national identity*.
Respondents could indicate more than one national identity
Considering the population aged 3 years old and over:
11.82% had some knowledge of Irish;
7.59% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots; and
1.68% did not have English as their first language.
People
Thomas Burnside (1782–1851), member of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania and associate justice of the Supreme Court of Pennsylvania, born near Newtownstewart.
Thomas Maclear (1794–1879), Astronomer Royal at the Cape of Good Hope, was born in Newtownstewart.
Dukes of Abercorn, reside at Baronscourt, near Newtownstewart
Johnny Loughrey, Irish singer born in Newtownstewart in 1945, died in 2005.
Jacob Stockdale, Ulster and Ireland rubgy player, was born in Newtownstewart.
Transport
Construction of the Irish gauge (Irish Standard Gauge), Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway (L&ER) began in 1845 and reached Strabane in 1847. By 1852 it had extended to Newtownstewart and Omagh and its terminus in Enniskillen was reached in 1854. The company was absorbed into the Great Northern Railway (Ireland) in 1883. Newtownstewart railway station opened on 9 May 1852 and finally closed on 15 February 1965.
See also
List of towns and villages in Northern Ireland
Notes
References
External links
Bronze Age burial cist - Newtownstewart
Stewart Castle
Villages in County Tyrone
Civil parish of Ardstraw |
4017346 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafi%20Pitts | Rafi Pitts | Rafi Pitts (, born 1967) is an Iranian film director.
Life and career
Pitts was born in Mashad, Iran. Rafi spent his childhood in Tehran, where he lived in a basement flat underneath a post-production studio. He came to England (his father is English) in 1981 during the Iran Iraq war. He graduated in 1991 from the Polytechnic of Central London with a BA (Hons) degree in Film and Photography. His first short film, In Exile (1991) was presented the same year at the London International Film Festival. In the 90's Pitts moved to Paris and worked on films by Leos Carax, Jacques Doillon and Jean-Luc Godard.
Educated in France and England, Rafi Pitts belongs to the new wave of Iranian cinema, which received numerous prestigious prizes in the international festival circuit.
In 1996 he had the opportunity to film in Iran and he was the first film director (in exile) to do so since the Revolution in 1979. His first feature Season Five (1997) was the first Franco-Iranian coproduction since the Revolution.
In 2006, he was nominated for Golden Bear award of Berlin Film Festival for his film, It's Winter. His 2010 film The Hunter was nominated for the Golden Bear at the 60th Berlin International Film Festival.
His 2016 Film Soy Nero won the best film award at the 12th Bucharest International Film festival, in April 2016
Representative awards and honors
Golden Bear, nominated, Berlin Film Festival, 2006.
Grand Prix, Paris Film Festival, 2001.
Golden Moon of Valencia, Cinema Jove - Valencia International Film Festival, 2001.
Golden Wheel, Vesoul Asian Film Festival- France, 2001.
OCIC Grand Prix, Amiens International Film Festival, 1997.
Special Jury Prize, Mannheim-Heidelberg International Filmfestival, 1997 & 2000.
Filmography
2016 Soy Nero
2011 60 Seconds of Solitude in Year Zero
2010 The Hunter (Shekarchi)
2006 It's Winter (Zemestan)
2003 Abel Ferrara: Not Guilty (documentary from the series "Cinema de Notre Temps)
2000 Sanam
1997 Season Five (Fasl-e-Panjom)
References
1967 births
Alumni of the University of Westminster
Iranian film directors
Living people
People from Mashhad
Persian-language film directors
Iranian people of English descent |
4017356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donovan%20in%20Concert | Donovan in Concert | Donovan in Concert is the sixth album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan, and the first live album of his career. It was recorded in the Anaheim Convention Center in Anaheim, California on 17 November 1967. It was released in the United States in June 1968 (Epic Records BN 26386 (stereo)) and in the United Kingdom in September 1968 (Pye Records NPL 18237 (monaural) / NSPL 18237 (stereo)). The album reached No.18 on the US charts.
History
This concert was recorded several months before Donovan released A Gift from a Flower to a Garden, and the concert included several songs that would not have been widely known to a US audience, including some which were UK single b-sides. "Poor Cow" is introduced by Donovan as "Poor Love", its original title, which was changed when the song appeared in the film Poor Cow. It retained that title when released as the b-side to "Jennifer Juniper" in February 1968.
The music at the concert was much more subdued than Donovan's singles of the time, and Donovan was backed by the core group of musicians who had recorded with him on his previous albums including flautist Harold McNair and percussionist Tony Carr. They play many genres of music, from folk to jazz. The concert was introduced by (Los Angeles radio station) KRLA radio personality, Rhett Walker, who then hands the proceedings to Donovan's father Donald Leitch.
Reissues
On 15 February 2002 Beat Goes On Records reissued Donovan in Concert (BGOCD 90) on compact disc in the UK.
In 2006 EMI reissued a 2-CD remastered version of the album Donovan in Concert – The Complete 1967 Anaheim Show (094635410020) in the UK.
Track listing
Original album
Track number, title, length, and on which releases of the studio versions of each song appeared. Songs that were unreleased at the time of the concert are noted with an asterisk (*):
Side one
All tracks by Donovan Leitch.
"Intro" – 3:25
"Isle of Islay"* – 4:21 (from A Gift from a Flower to a Garden, released December 1967)
"Young Girl Blues" – 6:09 (from Mellow Yellow, released March 1967)
"There Is a Mountain" – 3:04 (single, released August 1967)
"Poor Cow"* – 3:28 (b-side of "Jennifer Juniper" single, released February 1968)
"Celeste" – 5:15 (from Sunshine Superman, released September 1966)
"The Fat Angel" – 3:24 (from Sunshine Superman, released September 1966)
"Guinevere" – 2:42 (from Sunshine Superman, released September 1966)
Side two
"Widow with Shawl (A Portrait)"* – 3:34 (from A Gift from a Flower to a Garden, released December 1967)
"Preachin' Love" – 5:03 (b-side of "Mellow Yellow" single, released October 1966)
"The Lullaby of Spring"* – 3:08 (from A Gift from a Flower to a Garden, released December 1967)
"Writer in the Sun" – 4:30 (from Mellow Yellow, released March 1967)
"Pebble and the Man"* – 3:10 (released as "Happiness Runs" on Barabajagal, 11 August 1969)
"Rules and Regulations"* – 2:54 (no studio version released except a demo tape)
"Mellow Yellow" – 4:18 (single, released October 1966)
2006 Reissue
Disc one
"Intro" – 3:25
"Isle of Islay" – 4:21
"Young Girl Blues" – 6:09
"There Is a Mountain" – 3:04
"Poor Love (Poor Cow)" – 3:28
"Sunny Goodge Street" – 3:13
"Celeste" – 5:15
"The Fat Angel" – 3:24
"Guinevere" – 3:39
"Widow with Shawl (A Portrait)" – 3:00
"Epistle to Derroll" – 5:53
"Preachin' Love" – 9:38
Disc two
"Lullaby of Spring" – 4:27
"Sand and Foam" – 3:21
"Hampstead Incident" – 5:10
"Writer in the Sun" – 4:11
"Try for the Sun" – 3:27
"Someone Singing" – 2:55
"Pebble and the Man (Happiness Runs)" – 3:10
"The Tinker and the Crab" – 3:38
"Rules and Regulations" – 2:33
"Mellow Yellow" – 4:42
"Catch the Wind" (part) – 1:16
Personnel
Donovan – Guitar, Harmonica, Vocals
Tony Carr – Percussion
Harold McNair – Flute & sax
David Troncoso – Bass
Lorin Newkirk – Piano
'Candy' John Carr – Bongos & finger cymbals
and The Flower Quartet
References
External links
Donovan In Concert – Donovan Unofficial Site
1968 live albums
Donovan live albums
Epic Records live albums
Pye Records live albums
Albums produced by Mickie Most |
4017359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowland%20Allanson-Winn%2C%205th%20Baron%20Headley | Rowland Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley | Rowland George Allanson Allanson-Winn, 5th Baron Headley (19 January 1855 – 22 June 1935), also known as Shaikh Rahmatullah al-Farooq, was an Irish peer and a prominent convert to Islam, who was also one of the leading members of the Woking Muslim Mission alongside Khwaja Kamal-ud-Din. He also presided over the British Muslim Society for some time.
Biography
Rowland George Allanson Allanson-Winn was born in London and educated at Westminster School and Trinity College, Cambridge University. He then entered Middle Temple, before commencing studies at King's College London. He subsequently became a civil engineer by profession, a builder of roads in India, and an authority on the protection of intertidal zones.
He was an enthusiastic practitioner of boxing as well as other arts of self-defence, and in 1890 co-authored, with C. Phillipps-Wolley, the classic Broad-sword and Singlestick (1890). He was solo author of Boxing (1889) in the same "All-England Series" (introduced by the boxer Bat Mullins) which was reprinted in 2006. In 1899 he married Teresa Johnson, daughter of William H. Johnson, former Wazir-wazirat (governor) of Ladakh (Jammu and Kashmir), India. She died in 1919.
Headley converted to Islam on 16 November 1913 and adopted the Muslim name of Shaikh Rahmatullah al-Farooq. In 1914 he established the British Muslim Society. He was the author of several books on Islam, including A Western Awakening to Islam (1914) and Three Great Prophets of the World. He was a widely travelled man and twice performed the Hajj.
He inherited his peerage from his cousin in 1913. In 1921 he married the Australian author Barbara Baynton. He became bankrupt in 1922. He was offered the throne of Albania in 1925, along with $500,000 and $50,000 per year but refused it, at which point Lady Headley returned to Melbourne, where she died in 1929. From 1929 Headley owned and lived at Ashton Gifford House near the village of Codford in Wiltshire. His widow Lady Catherine Headley continued to live at the property until 1940. He is buried in the Muslim section of Brookwood Cemetery.
Armenian genocide stance
Baron Headley alleged that the Armenian genocide was a case of both sides, Turks and Armenians, killing each other and that the Turks were more numerous as victims than the Armenians.
See also
Sir Charles Edward Archibald Watkin Hamilton, 5th Baronet
Henry Stanley, 3rd Baron Stanley of Alderley
William Abdullah Quilliam
Marmaduke Pickthall
Faris Glubb
Timothy Winter
Robert Reschid Stanley
References
Work cited
Further reading
External links
Full details of the life, activities and writings of Headley
1855 births
1935 deaths
People educated at Westminster School, London
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Alumni of King's College London
Barons in the Peerage of Ireland
Converts to Islam
Burials at Brookwood Cemetery
English Muslims
British Ahmadis |
4017369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraspinous%20ligament | Supraspinous ligament | The supraspinous ligament, also known as the supraspinal ligament, is a ligament found along the vertebral column.
Structure
The supraspinous ligament connects the tips of the spinous processes from the seventh cervical vertebra to the sacrum. Above the seventh cervical vertebra, the supraspinous ligament is continuous with the nuchal ligament.
Between the spinous processes it is continuous with the interspinous ligaments.
It is thicker and broader in the lumbar than in the thoracic region, and intimately blended, in both situations, with the neighboring fascia.
The most superficial fibers of this ligament extend over three or four vertebrae; those more deeply seated pass between two or three vertebrae while the deepest connect the spinous processes of neighboring vertebrae.
Development
Function
The supraspinous ligament, along with the posterior longitudinal ligament, interspinous ligaments and ligamentum flavum, help to limit hyperflexion of the vertebral column.
Clinical significance
Lesions to the supraspinous ligament may result in palpable thickening. Ultrasound is effective for detecting lesions. A strain injury can also damage the supraspinous ligament.
The supraspinous ligament creates resistance during midline epidural anaesthetics when the needle is being inserted. This increased resistance needs to be taken into account, and is one of the first subcutaneous tissues.
See also
References
Ligaments of the torso
Bones of the vertebral column
Ligaments |
4017375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%E2%80%9306%20West%20Ham%20United%20F.C.%20season | 2005–06 West Ham United F.C. season | During the 2005–06 season, West Ham United competed in the FA Premier League, following promotion from the Football League Championship the previous season.
Season summary
West Ham had barely scraped into the top six of the Championship the previous season before gaining promotion via the play-offs, so few gave the Hammers much hope of Premiership survival. However, West Ham surprised their naysayers to stand fourth at the end of October after 11 points from their opening six games. A run of mediocre form saw West Ham fall to tenth, before a run of five straight wins between January and February, including a 3–2 win at Arsenal, which saw the Hammers become the last side to beat Arsenal at Highbury, saw them rise to sixth. Alan Pardew won the Manager of the Month award for February. Several more good results, including a 2–1 home win over Tottenham Hotspur on the last day of the season that denied the North London side Champions League qualification, saw West Ham finish in ninth, above Everton, Middlesbrough and Manchester City.
West Ham's best form came in the FA Cup, where they overcame Blackburn Rovers, Bolton Wanderers and Middlesbrough to reach the FA Cup final – their first since 1980 – against a Liverpool side that were the reigning European champions and finished third in the Premiership. In spite of the odds, West Ham took a 2–0 lead within the first half-hour and also led 3–2 before a Steven Gerrard equalised at the end of normal time. Extra time proved goalless and a penalty shoot-out was required. Liverpool goalkeeper Pepe Reina, who had made several errors in the match, saved from Bobby Zamora, Paul Konchesky and Anton Ferdinand to give Liverpool a 3–1 win. However, as Liverpool had already qualified for the Champions League, West Ham qualified for the UEFA Cup.
Final league table
First-team squad
Squad at end of season
Left club during season
Results
Premier League
League Cup
FA Cup
Statistics
Overview
Goalscorers
League position by matchday
Appearances and goals
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Goalkeepers
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Defenders
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Midfielders
|-
! colspan=12 style=background:#dcdcdc; text-align:center| Forwards
|}
Transfers
In
Out
References
2005-06
2005–06 FA Premier League by team
West Ham United
West Ham United |
4017382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirchdorf | Kirchdorf | Many places in German-speaking countries are called Kirchdorf (church village):
Germany
Baden-Württemberg
Kirchdorf an der Iller, a municipality in the district of Biberach
Bavaria
Kirchdorf am Haunpold, former name of the municipality of Bruckmühl
Kirchdorf am Inn, in the district of Rottal-Inn
Kirchdorf Wildcats, an American football team from Kirchdorf am Inn
Kirchdorf am Inn (Raubling), former name of the municipality of Raubling
Kirchdorf an der Amper, a municipality in the district of Freising
Kirchdorf im Wald, a municipality in the district of Regen
Kirchdorf, Lower Bavaria, a municipality in the district of Kelheim
Kirchdorf, Upper Bavaria, a municipality in the district of Mühldorf
Hamburg
Kirchdorf Süd in Hamburg-Wilhelmsburg
Lower Saxony
Kirchdorf, Lower Saxony, a municipality in the district of Diepholz
Kirchdorf (Samtgemeinde), a Samtgemeinde in the district of Diepholz
Kirchdorf (Deister), a part of the city Barsinghausen
Mecklenburg-Vorpommern
Kirchdorf, Mecklenburg-Vorpommern, a municipality in the district Vorpommern-Rügen
Kirchdorf (Poel), village on the island Poel
Austria
Kirchdorf (Amstetten)
Kirchdorf am Inn, Upper Austria
Kirchdorf an der Krems
Kirchdorf in Tirol
Slovakia
Spišské Podhradie, also known as Kirchdorf amongst German-speakers.
Switzerland
Kirchdorf, Switzerland, a municipality in the canton of Bern
Kirchdorf, Aargau, part of Obersiggenthal |
4017383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wind%20That%20Shakes%20the%20Barley%20%28film%29 | The Wind That Shakes the Barley (film) | The Wind That Shakes the Barley is a 2006 war drama film directed by Ken Loach, set during the Irish War of Independence (1919–1921) and the Irish Civil War (1922–1923). Written by long-time Loach collaborator Paul Laverty, this drama tells the fictional story of two County Cork brothers, Damien O'Donovan (Cillian Murphy) and Teddy O'Donovan (Pádraic Delaney), who join the Irish Republican Army to fight for Irish independence from the United Kingdom.
The film takes its title from Robert Dwyer Joyce's "The Wind That Shakes the Barley", a song set during the 1798 rebellion in Ireland and featured early in the film. The film is heavily influenced by Walter Macken's 1964 novel The Scorching Wind.
Widely praised, the film won the Palme d'Or at the 2006 Cannes Film Festival. Loach's biggest box office success to date, the film did well around the world and set a record in Ireland as the highest-grossing Irish-made independent film, until surpassed by The Guard.
Plot
County Cork, Ireland, 1920. Damien O'Donovan is about to leave his native village to practice medicine in a London hospital. Meanwhile, his brother Teddy commands the local flying column of the Irish Republican Army. After a hurling match, Damien witnesses the summary execution of his friend, Micheál Ó Súilleabháin, by British Black and Tans, for refusing to say his name in English. Although shaken, Damien rebuffs his friends' entreaties to stay in Ireland and join the IRA, saying that the war is unwinnable. As he is leaving town, Damien witnesses the British Army vainly trying to intimidate a railway personnel for refusing to permit the troops to board. In response, Damien decides to stay and is sworn into Teddy's IRA brigade.
After drilling in the mountains, the column raids the village's Royal Irish Constabulary barracks to acquire revolvers, then uses them to assassinate four Auxiliaries. In the aftermath, Anglo-Irish landowner Sir John Hamilton coerces one of his servants, IRA member Chris Reilly, into passing information to the British Army's Intelligence Corps. As a result, the entire brigade is arrested. In their cell, Damien meets the train driver, Dan, a union official who shares Damien's socialist views.
Meanwhile, British officers interrogate Teddy, pulling out his fingernails when he refuses to give them the names of IRA members. Johnny Gogan, a British soldier of Irish descent, helps the prisoners escape, but three are left behind. After the actions of Sir John and Chris are revealed to the IRA's intelligence network, both are taken hostage. As Teddy is still recovering, Damien is temporarily placed in command. News arrives that the three remaining IRA prisoners have been tortured and shot. Simultaneously, the brigade receives orders to "execute the spies".
Despite the fact that Chris is a lifelong friend, Damien shoots both him and Sir John. Later, the IRA ambushes and wipes out a convoy of the Auxiliary Division, and in retaliation another detachment of Auxiliaries loots and burns the farmhouse of Damien's sweetheart, Cumann na mBan member Sinéad Sullivan. Sinéad is held at gunpoint while her head is roughly shorn, her scalp being wounded in the process. Later, as Damien treats her, a messenger arrives with news of a formal ceasefire between Britain and the IRA.
After the Anglo-Irish Treaty is signed, the brigade learns that a partitioned Ireland will only be granted Dominion status within the British Empire. As a result, the brigade divides over accepting the terms of the Treaty. Teddy and his allies argue that accepting the Treaty will bring peace now while further gains can be made later. Others oppose the Treaty, proposing to continue fighting until a united Irish Republic can be obtained. Dan and Damien further demand the collectivisation of industry and agriculture. Any other course, declares Dan, will change only "the accents of the powerful and the colour of the flag".
Soon the Irish Free State replaces British rule, and Teddy and his allies begin patrolling in National Army uniforms. Meanwhile, Damien and his allies join the Anti-Treaty IRA. When the Battle of Dublin launches the Irish Civil War, the Anti-Treaty column commences guerrilla warfare against Free State forces. As the violence escalates, Teddy expresses fear that the British will invade if the republicans gain the upper hand. His position is: "They take one out, we take one back. To hell with the courts."
Soon after, Dan is killed and Damien is captured during a raid for arms on an Irish Army barracks commanded by Teddy. Sentenced to execution, Damien is held in the same cell where the British Army imprisoned them earlier. Desperate to avoid executing his brother, Teddy pleads with Damien to reveal where the Anti-Treaty IRA is hiding the stolen rifles. In return, Teddy offers Damien full amnesty, a life with Sinéad, and the vision of an Ireland where Pro- and Anti-Treaty Irishmen can raise families side by side. Insulted, Damien responds by saying that he will never "sell out" the Republic the way Chris Reilly did and Teddy leaves the cell in tears. Damien writes a goodbye letter to Sinéad, expressing his love for her, and quoting Dan's words: "It's easy to know what you're against, quite another to know what you're for". But he says that he knows what he stands for and is not afraid to die for it and tells Sinéad to look after Teddy. At dawn, Damien dies before a firing squad commanded by a heartbroken yet obstinate Teddy. Teddy delivers Damien's letter to Sinéad who is distraught and heartbroken. She attacks Teddy and orders him to leave her land.
Main cast
Cillian Murphy – Damien O'Donovan
Pádraic Delaney – Teddy O'Donovan
Liam Cunningham – Dan
Orla Fitzgerald – Sinéad Ní Shúilleabháin
Laurence Barry – Micheál Ó Súilleabháin
Mary Murphy – Bernadette
Mary O'Riordan – Peggy
Myles Horgan – Rory
Martin Lucey – Congo
Roger Allam – Sir John Hamilton
John Crean – Chris Reilly
Damien Kearney – Finbar
Frank Bourke – Leo
Shane Casey – Kevin
Máirtín de Cógáin – Sean
William Ruane – Johnny Gogan
Fiona Lawton – Lily
Seán McGinley – Father Denis
Kevin O'Brien – Tim
Production
The film stars mostly Irish actors and was made by British director Ken Loach. It is an international co-production between companies in Ireland, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy, Spain, France, Belgium and Switzerland.
The title derives from the song of the same name, "The Wind That Shakes the Barley", by 19th-century author Robert Dwyer Joyce. The song made the phrase "the wind that shakes the barley" a motif in Irish republican song and poetry. Loach took some of the inspiration for Damian's character from the memoirs of republican leader Ernie O'Malley. University College Cork historian Dr. Donal Ó Drisceoil was Loach's historical adviser on the film.
The film was shot in various towns within County Cork during 2005, including Ballyvourney and Timoleague. Some filming took place in Bandon, County Cork: a scene was shot along North Main Street and outside a building next to the Court House. The ambush scene was shot on the mountains around Ballyvourney while the farmhouse scenes were filmed in Coolea. Damien's execution scene was shot at Kilmainham Gaol in Dublin, where many leaders of Irish rebellions were imprisoned and some executed by the British and latterly in 1923 by the Irish Free State.
Many of the extras in the film were drawn from local Scout groups, including Bandon, Togher and Macroom with veteran Scouter Martin Thompson in an important role. Many of the British soldiers seen in the film were played by members of the Irish Army Reserve, from local units.
Among the songs on the film's soundtrack is Óró sé do bheatha abhaile, a 17th-century Irish Jacobite song whose lyrics the nationalist leader Pádraig Pearse changed to focus upon republican themes.
Soundtrack
The Wind That Shakes the Barley - Traditional - Words by Robert Dwyer-Joyce
Amhrán na bhFiann / A Soldier's Song - Traditional - Words by Peader Kearney & Patrick Heeney
Oró! Sé Do Bheatha 'Bhaile - Traditional - Words by Padraic Pearse
The Doon Reel - Traditional - Arranged by the performers
Distribution
The commercial interest expressed in the UK was initially much lower than in other European countries and only 30 prints of the film were planned for distribution in the United Kingdom, compared with 300 in France. However, after the Palme d'Or award the film appeared on 105 screens across Great Britain and Northern Ireland.
The Respect Party, on whose national council Ken Loach was at the time, called for people to watch the film on its first weekend in order to persuade the film industry to show the film in more cinemas.
Themes
According to director Ken Loach, the film attempts to explore the extent that the Irish revolution was a social revolution as opposed to a nationalist revolution. Loach commented on this theme in an interview with Toronto's Eye Weekly (15 March 2007):
According to Rebecca O'Brien, producer of the film and a longtime Loach collaborator:
Reception
The Wind That Shakes the Barley became the most popular independent Irish film ever released in Ireland, earning €377,000 in its opening weekend and €2.7 million by August 2006.
The film received positive reviews from film critics. As of 2021, the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes reported that 90% of critics gave the film positive reviews, based on 116 reviews. The website's critical consensus reads, "Bleak and uncompromising, but director Ken Loach brightens his film with gorgeous cinematography and tight pacing, and features a fine performance from Cillian Murphy." Metacritic reported the film had an average score of 82 out of 100, based on 30 reviews.
The Daily Telegraph'''s film critic described it as a "brave, gripping drama" and said that director Loach was "part of a noble and very English tradition of dissent". A Times film critic said that the film showed Loach "at his creative and inflammatory best", and rated it as 4 out of 5. The Daily Record of Scotland gave it a positive review (4 out of 5), describing it as "a dramatic, thought-provoking, gripping tale that, at the very least, encourages audiences to question what has been passed down in dusty history books."
Michael Sragow of The Baltimore Sun named it the 5th best film of 2007, and Stephen Hunter of The Washington Post named it the 7th best film of 2007.
Jim Emerson, Roger Ebert's editor, gave the film a 4 star review, calling it "breathtakingly authentic", and declared it ranked "among the best war films ever made." In a generally positive review, the Irish historian Brian Hanley suggested that the film might have dealt with the IRA's relationship with the Protestant community, as one scene in its screenplay did.
The film also revived debate on rival interpretations of Irish history.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Interview with Ken Loach from Socialist Worker'', 10 June 2006
Introduction to The Wind That Shakes the Barley script by Luke Gibbons, and Gibbons' reply to Kevin Myers
2006 films
2006 drama films
British war drama films
English-language films
English-language Irish films
English-language French films
English-language German films
English-language Italian films
English-language Spanish films
English-language Swiss films
Films scored by George Fenton
Films about the Irish Republican Army
Films directed by Ken Loach
Films set in the 1920s
Films set in Ireland
Irish Civil War films
Irish drama films
Irish-language films
Irish War of Independence films
Palme d'Or winners
Political drama films
Social realism in film
War romance films
UK Film Council films
Irish Film Board films |
4017385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pale%20Folklore | Pale Folklore | Pale Folklore is the debut studio album by American metal band Agalloch. The album was released on June 6, 1999 by The End Records. It featured an eclectic mix of acoustic folk reminiscent of Scandinavian bands such as Ulver; doom and black metal-esque riffs; growled, clean, whispered, and shrieked vocals; and a production style and atmosphere that borrowed heavily from black metal. The lyrical themes focused mainly on depression, nature, folklore and the supernatural. It featured the roots of a post-rock influence which was greatly expanded on with Agalloch's second studio album, The Mantle.
Track listing
Personnel
Agalloch
Don Anderson – guitar
John Haughm – vocals, guitar, drums
Jason William Walton – bass
Shane Breyer – keyboards
Additional
Produced by Ronn Chick, John Haughm and Shane Breyer
Engineered by Ronn Chick
Artwork by Dennis Gerasimenko and Sergey Makhotkin
Band photography by Aaron Sholes
References
1999 debut albums
Agalloch albums
The End Records albums
Profound Lore Records albums |
4017399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Stursberg | Peter Stursberg | Arthur Lewis Peter Stursberg, known as Peter Stursberg, (August 31, 1913 – August 31, 2014), was a Canadian writer and broadcaster.
Life and career
Stursberg was born in Chefoo, China, the son of Mary Ellen (née Shaw) and Walter Arthur Stursberg, who was working for the Chinese postal service. His father was born in Canada to a German father from the Rhineland and an English mother, while his mother was born in China to an English father and a Japanese mother.
At the age of seven, Stursberg's parents took him on a world tour before returning to China. At age 11 Stursberg was sent to a boarding school in England. Several years later his parents returned to Canada. He joined them and went on to graduate from West Hill High School in Montreal. He then took his British matriculation at Bedford School before returning to Montreal in 1930 to attend McGill University where he studied sciences and wrote for the McGill Daily. As a result of the Great Depression, Stursberg's parents suffered a reversal in their economic status and moved to a farm on Vancouver Island. Stursberg left university to follow them west and worked at a number of odd jobs including working in a logging camp, on farms and odd jobs.
In 1934 Stursberg found a job as agricultural editor of the Victoria Daily Times. Curious about the situation in Europe, he embarked on a tour of the continent in 1938 visiting France, Germany, Austria, Czechoslovakia, Hungary, Romania and the Soviet Union where he was briefly detained for a visa violation. He filed stories as a freelance reporter during his tour and was hired on the strength of these pieces as a war reporter for the London Daily Herald.
With the outbreak of World War II in 1939, Stursberg returned to Canada to join the Vancouver Daily Province. He joined the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation (CBC) in Vancouver in 1941 as a news editor. In 1942 he enlisted in the Royal Canadian Navy before becoming a war correspondent for the CBC later that year.
Stursberg spent his career as a foreign correspondent, newspaper editor, television newscaster and commentator, and author. He was recognised as one of the best Canadian correspondents of the Second World War, reporting for CBC Radio from the front lines in Italy and France. He published a book in 1944, Journey Into Victory, based on his experience. In 1945 he left the CBC to return to the Daily Herald as a foreign correspondent. He rejoined CBC in 1950 as the network's United Nations correspondent, leaving again in 1956 to join the Toronto Daily Star as Ottawa editorial correspondent. He left journalism in 1957 to work as a researcher and speechwriter for Prime Minister John Diefenbaker who subsequently appointed him press officer to the Canadian Trade Mission to the United Kingdom in 1957 and later, in 1958, secretary of the Trade Mission in Ottawa.
Stursberg joined Ernest Bushnell to apply for a license for what became CJOH Television in Ottawa. When the station was launched in 1961 he became a television newscaster and commentator for CJOH and was one of the initial co-anchors of the CTV National News. He remained a news commentator for CJOH and CTV until his retirement from broadcasting in 1973. He wrote several books on Diefenbaker and Lester Pearson: Diefenbaker: Leadership Gained, 1956-62 (1975) and Diefenbaker: Leadership Lost, 1962-67 (1976), Lester Pearson and the Dream of Unity (1978) and Lester Pearson and the American Dilemma (1980). In 1980 he joined the Department of Canadian Studies at Simon Fraser University as an Instructor and was an adjunct professor there from 1982 to 1988. In 1996 he was made a Member of the Order of Canada for having "helped Canadians to be better informed about themselves and their place in the world".
Stursberg's final book, No Foreign Bones in China (2002), details his family's complex relationship with his country of birth:
"Stursberg recreated the story of his family in China for No Foreign Bones in China, recalling the turbulent birth of modern China through the Opium Wars, the Boxer Rebellion, two world wars and the rise of Mao. It traces the fortunes of Captain Samuel Lewis Shaw, a merchant seaman, who arrived in China in the 1830s. He settled in Foochow and married a Japanese woman, Peter Stursberg's grandmother, to whom the book is dedicated. The Shaw children grew up in Pagoda Anchorage, the heart of the Chinese tea trade. The title refers to the fury of the Chinese over the Korean War. They expelled all foreigners and even dug up their bones, including the bones of Stursberg's grandfather and grandmother."
Through his ancestors Captain Shaw and his Japanese wife, Stursberg is related to former British Conservative leader, Iain Duncan Smith.
Stursberg is the father of former CBC executive Richard Stursberg. His granddaughter, Trina Maus, is a news reporter for CTV. Stursberg died in 2014, on his 101st birthday, in Vancouver, British Columbia.
Selected bibliography
Journey Into Victory: Up the Alaska Highway and to Sicily and Italy (1944)
Agreement in Principle (1961)
Those Were The Days: Victoria in the 1930s (1969)
Mister Broadcasting: The Ernie Bushnell Story (1971)
Diefenbaker: Leadership Gained 1956-62, Toronto 1975, University of Toronto Press
Diefenbaker: Leadership Lost 1962-67, Toronto 1976, University of Toronto Press
Lester Pearson and the American Dilemma (1980)
EXTRA! When the Papers Had the Only News (1982)
Gordon Shrum: An Autobiography with Peter Stursberg (1986)
The Golden Hope: Christians In China (1987)
Roland Michener, The Last Viceroy (1989)
The Sound of War: Memoirs of a CBC Correspondent (1993)
No Foreign Bones in China: Memoirs of Imperialism and Its Ending (2002)
References
External links
Profile, abcbookworld.com; accessed October 25, 2014.
CBC Archives: CBC reporter Peter Stursberg
Peter Stursberg archival fonds description (R5637) at Library and Archives Canada
1913 births
2014 deaths
People educated at Bedford School
Canadian non-fiction writers
Canadian centenarians
Canadian newspaper reporters and correspondents
Canadian people of German descent
Canadian people of English descent
Canadian people of Japanese descent
Canadian radio reporters and correspondents
Canadian Broadcasting Corporation people
Canadian television news anchors
Members of the Order of Canada
Men centenarians
Writers from Vancouver
McGill University alumni
CTV Television Network people
20th-century Canadian journalists
21st-century Canadian journalists
Canadian expatriates in China |
4017404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bakewell%20%28disambiguation%29 | Bakewell (disambiguation) | Bakewell is a town and civil parish in Derbyshire, England.
Bakewell may also refer to:
Bakewell, Northern Territory, suburb of Palmerston, Australia
Bakewell, Tennessee, U.S.
Bakewell Island, Antarctica
People with the surname
Cathy Bakewell, Baroness Bakewell of Hardington Mandeville (born 1949), British politician
Charles Montague Bakewell (1867–1957), American professor and politician
Claude I. Bakewell (1912–1987), U.S. Representative from Missouri
Danny Bakewell (born 1946), American civil rights activist and entrepreneur
Edward Howard Bakewell (1859–1944), pastoralist and public transport official in South Australia
Enid Bakewell (born 1940), English woman cricketeer
Ernest Bakewell (1898–1983), English-born chemical engineer and politician
Fred Bakewell (1908–1983), English cricketer
Frederick Bakewell (1800–1869), English physicist
Gary Bakewell, British television actor
George Bakewell (born 1864), English footballer
Joan Bakewell (born 1933), British journalist and television presenter
Marika Bakewell (born 1985), Canadian curler
Michael Bakewell, British television producer
Robert Bakewell (disambiguation), a few people with the name
Samuel Bakewell (1815–1888), grocer and politician in South Australia
Sarah Bakewell, British non-fiction writer
William Bakewell (1908–1993), also known as Billy Bakewell, American actor
William Bakewell (politician) (1817–1870), solicitor and politician in South Australia
William Lincoln Bakewell (1888–1969), American sailor and adventurer
See also |
4017406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody%27s%20Crazy | Everybody's Crazy | Everybody's Crazy is the fourth studio album by American recording artist Michael Bolton. The album was released in 1985 by Columbia Records.
The lead guitarist on the album is Bruce Kulick, later of KISS fame. The title track was a minor hit on hard rock radio stations, and was also featured in the 1986 movie Back to School. It was reissued overseas in the mid-1990s with a then-current photo on the cover. The album was reissued on February 25, 2008 by Rock Candy Records, UK on CD with a 12-page full colour booklet with original and new artwork.
Given the contrast in musical style between this album and the majority of Bolton's later (and more successful) musical output, songs from the album rarely appear on Bolton compilations. However, the title track was included on Bolton's entry in the Playlist series of Greatest Hits compilations.
Background
Producer Neil Kernon described how he became involved with the album: "Well, I got a call from Michael's manager asking me if I'd be interested. I'd heard "Fools Game" [from his previous album, Michael Bolton] and liked that, so we met and hit it off straight away. Michael was one of the funniest people I've ever met." Kernon also said that later on, Bolton did not want to re-release Everybody's Crazy or his self titled 1983 album on CD for fear of confusing and alienating fans of his later adult contemporary music.
Reception
In their retrospective review, AllMusic criticized Everybody's Crazy for muting Bolton's distinctive vocals, remarking that "much of the time he seemed to be fighting to be heard, and when he was, all he had was a mouthful of cliches to offer."
The album has an average rating of 88/100 on the hard rock/AOR database Heavy Harmonies.
Track listing
Personnel
Michael Bolton – lead vocals, backing vocals, additional guitar, arrangements (1, 3, 5)
Bruce Kulick – lead guitar (1-5, 7, 8, 9)
Dennis Feldman – bass, backing vocals
Lloyd Landesman – keyboards
Mark Mangold – keyboards, arrangements (1, 3, 5)
Jan Mullaney – keyboards
Mark Radice – keyboards
Allan St. John – keyboards
Chuck Burgi – drums (uncredited on the original release, but credited in the reissue)
Mark Rivera – saxophone
Larry Fast – synthesizer programming
Schuyler Deale – additional bass
Doug Katsaros – additional keyboards
Neil Kernon – additional keyboards
Terry Brock – backing vocals
Peppy Castro – backing vocals
Joe Cerisano – backing vocals
Randy Goodrum – keyboards, synthesizer programming, drum programming, backing vocals (all on 6 only)
Kevin Dukes – guitar (6)
Paul Pesco – additional guitar (6)
Production
Producers – Neil Kernon (Tracks 1–5, 7, 8 & 9); Randy Goodrum (Track 6)
Co-Producer – Michael Bolton (Tracks 1–5, 7, 8 & 9)
Executive Producer – Louis Levin
Engineers – John Abbey, Bruce Buchalter, Bobby Cohen, John Davenport, Neil Kernon, Bruce Lampcov, Andrew Milano and Malcolm Pollack.
Additional Engineer on Track 6 – Larold Rebhun
Assistant Engineers on Track 6 – Michael Sommers-Abbott and Paul Ericksen.
Recorded at The Power Station, Electric Lady Studios and Delta Recording Studios (New York, NY).
Additional Overdubs on Track 6 engineered by Jay Graydon at Garden Rake Studios (Sherman Oaks, CA).
Tracks 1, 2, 3, 5, 7, 8 & 9 mixed by Neil Kernon.
Track 4 mixed by Bobby Cohen, Jan Mullaney and Michael Bolton at The Hit Factory (New York, NY).
Track 6 mixed by Elliot Scheiner at Soundcastle (Los Angeles, CA).
Mastered by Bob Ludwig at Masterdisk (New York, NY).
Studio Maintenance – Bruce Friedman
Direction – Louis Levin, in association with David Krebs and Steve Leber for Contemporary Communications Corporation
Photography – Randee St. Nicholas
Stylist – Fleur Thiemeyer
Music videos
Cover versions
Starship covered "Desperate Heart" for their 1985 album Knee Deep in the Hoopla.
Jennifer Rush covered "Call My Name" (with slightly altered lyrics, thus earning Rush a co-writing credit on her version) for her 1987 album Heart Over Mind.
References
External links
Everybody's Crazy at Discogs
Michael Bolton albums
1985 albums
Albums produced by Neil Kernon
Columbia Records albums |
4017414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deportivo%20Wanka | Deportivo Wanka | Deportivo Wanka is a Peruvian football club, based in the city of Huancayo in the Peruvian Andes. It was founded in 1969 and is named after the Wankas people who formerly inhabited the area and after whom the city of Huancayo is named. The current Deportivo Wanka is merged with Deportivo Pesquero of Chimbote but its home city is still Huancayo. They play their home games at Estadio Huancayo. Their last First Division participation was in 2004. They protested against their relegation and were suspended from participating in any football tournament.
History
Deportivo Sipesa
Club Ovacion Miraflores was founded in 1969 in Chimbote, which would later become Ovación Sipesa. They played in the First Division of Chimbote and received sponsorship from the fishing trade union Sipesa. In 1992 they were promoted to the First Division and in 1993 they played in the Copa CONMEBOL.
Deportivo Pesquero
In 1996 the trade union ceased sponsoring the club and therefore changed their club name to Deportivo Pesquero.
Deportivo Wanka
In 2000, Deportivo Pesquero and Deportivo Wanka merged, giving Huancayo access to the Primera División Peruana
The team aroused controversy in 2004 when it moved its base to Cerro de Pasco, the highest city in the world and almost certainly the world's highest venue for professional football, at an altitude of 4,380 m (13,973 ft) above sea level, well above the point where altitude sickness becomes a problem. Its opponents criticised the move as an attempt to stave off relegation by playing in conditions that no other team could tolerate, including hail, rain, near-freezing temperatures and a lack of oxygen from the high altitude. The club was relegated that season anyway.
Historic badges
Notable players
Honours
National
League
Torneo Zonal:
Winners (1): 1992
National cups
Torneo Intermedio:
Runner-up (1): 1993
Regional
Liga Departamental de Ancash:
Winners (1): 1991
Liga Distrital de Chimbote:
Runner-up (1): 1989
Outside football
In 2006, it emerged that Deportivo Wanka shirts had become a cult collectible item for British football fans, with over 1,000 shirts selling in the space of a few weeks. The British slang word wanker "one who masturbates", sounds like Wanka when said with a (non-rhotic) British accent. The Sun quoted a club spokesman as saying that "It is very strange. Everyone in Britain seems to think we have a funny name."
See also
List of football clubs in Peru
Peruvian football league system
References
Football clubs in Peru
Association football clubs established in 1969 |
4017428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Baird%20Sr. | David Baird Sr. | David Baird Sr. (April 7, 1839February 25, 1927) was an Irish-born American politician who served as a United States Senator from New Jersey.
Biography
A Scots-Irishman born in County Londonderry, Ireland, Baird immigrated to the United States in 1856 and entered the lumber business in Port Deposit, Maryland. He moved in 1860 to Camden, New Jersey, where he continued in the lumber business and also engaged in banking. He was a member of the Board of Chosen Freeholders of Camden County from 1876 to 1880. He also served as the sheriff of Camden County, New Jersey from 1887 to 1889, and again from 1895 to 1897. He was a member of the State board of assessors in 1895 and from 1901 to 1909.
Baird was an unsuccessful candidate for election to the United States Senate in 1910, but he was appointed on February 23, 1918 to the Senate to fill the vacancy caused by the death of William Hughes. He was subsequently elected as a Republican on November 5, 1918 and until March 3, 1919, when he did not run for reelection. He resumed his former business pursuits in Camden, where he died and was interred in Harleigh Cemetery.
Baird was the father of David Baird Jr., also a Senator from New Jersey.
See also
Federal government of the United States
List of United States senators born outside the United States
Politics of the United States
Notes
External links
David Baird at The Political Graveyard
1839 births
1927 deaths
American bankers
Burials at Harleigh Cemetery, Camden
County commissioners in New Jersey
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
New Jersey Republicans
Politicians from Camden, New Jersey
People from County Londonderry
Republican Party United States senators
United States senators from New Jersey |
4017451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Hamblin | Ken Hamblin | Ken Loronzo Hamblin II (born October 22, 1940), the self-titled Black Avenger, was host of the Ken Hamblin Show, which was syndicated nationally on Entertainment Radio Networks. His show peaked in the 1990s, but he left the air, without warning, in July 2003 due to a contractual dispute with his syndicator, the American Views Radio Network. Hamblin, based in Denver, Colorado, is the author of the books Pick a Better Country: An Unassuming Colored Guy Speaks His Mind about America and Plain Talk and Common Sense from the Black Avenger.
Early career
The child of immigrant parents from Barbados, Hamblin is a policeman's son. He served in the United States Army's 101st Airborne Division before becoming a photographer for the Detroit Free Press. In the late 1960s Hamblin was a producer and film cameraman with the public television channel in Detroit, WTVS, Channel 56. An event Hamblin captured exclusively was the release of poet John Sinclair from prison after serving time for marijuana possession. Hamblin began his radio career in the 1970s. Hamblin has said he was once sympathetic to the radical left, including the Black Panthers, and gave them favorable coverage. He eventually came to the opinion the left had failed to bring about the type of America it spoke of, and he began to move to the conservative side of the spectrum. Hamblin is a licensed fixed-wing pilot and a motorcycle owner. He is a father and grandfather.
The Ken Hamblin Show
Hamblin had a long-running local talk program on powerful KOA radio in Denver, a clear-channel station heard across the western and central United States. Hamblin hosted the early evening shift, which he worked the evening of June 18, 1984, when Alan Berg, one of the station's biggest and most controversial hosts, was gunned down. He gained national attention when his show, then carried on another Denver radio station, was broadcast on C-SPAN during the early 1990s. He was heard on KNUS and KXKL radio in Denver, as well as across the nation. After his show was syndicated, he was heard across the United States on about 200 radio stations.
In 1999, Hamblin was named one of Colorado's Top 100 most influential media personalities.
Hamblin's show had several unique features: playing various versions of the "Star Spangled Banner" at the beginning of the show; playing "Taps" for fallen law enforcement officers; announcing the execution of convicts on death row, often with a clip from the movie Unforgiven, saying "It's a hell of a thing killin' a man; you take away all he's got, and all he's ever gonna have." The execution segment was notable for having "Another One Bites the Dust", sung by Queen. Hamblin frequently referred to liberals as "Egg-sucking dogs", and sometimes challenged listeners to call in to, "Name one major American city that improved morally, socially, and economically after the city elected a liberal black mayor ('You can't do it')". He has also been an outspoken critic of Louis Farrakan and the Nation of Islam, challenging those unhappy with the United States to "pick a better country" and go live there.
Life after leaving public life
As of 2010, Hamblin was reported to be living in Douglas County, Colorado and now spends much of his time traveling with his wife Sue.
See also
Black conservatism in the United States
References
External links
American talk radio hosts
Writers from Denver
1940 births
Living people
African-American radio personalities
African-American writers
American writers
American conservative talk radio hosts
Radio personalities from New York City
Radio personalities from Detroit
Writers from New York City
Writers from Detroit
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people |
4017463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Summer%20Jam%20%28festival%29 | Summer Jam (festival) | Summer Jam is the annual hip-hop fest held in East Rutherford, New Jersey and sponsored by New York-based radio station Hot 97FM. Normally held in June, the concert features the most popular acts that hip hop and R&B have to offer in a particular year.
The hip-hop summer festival format was originally pioneered and popularized by San Francisco radio station KMEL with their large-scale Summer Jam concerts from 1987 through the 1990s and present day. KMEL continues to host smaller versions of the event annually. Similarly, Los Angeles station KKBT held an annual Summer Jam hip-hop concert during the 1990s after hiring KMEL's Program Director in 1993. The concert was discontinued as the station switched formats.
The concert has increasingly become a scene of drug use and violence over the years. A recent festival held on June 7, 2015 included a riot in the stadium parking lot. The disturbance began when crowds of people without tickets attempted to enter the stadium anyway by climbing over the fence and were stopped by New Jersey State Police. At this time, the decision to close all gates to the stadium was made and those in the parking lot were asked to leave. Instead of leaving, the crowd began throwing glass bottles and other objects at police. The police responded with riot gear, armored vehicles, and pepper spray. Multiple arrests were made.
See also
List of hip hop music festivals
Hip hop culture
References
Hip hop music festivals in the United States
Music festivals established in 1994
Music festivals in New Jersey |
4017488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sausage%20%28disambiguation%29 | Sausage (disambiguation) | Sausage is a type of prepared meat.
Sausage may also refer to:
Sausage (band), a funk metal band fronted by Les Claypool
Sausage dog, nickname for a Dachshund
Sausage Software, a now defunct creator of web editing software
Sausage Galaxy, a former dwarf galaxy that accreted in a violent collision into the Milky Way
The sausage, the name of the device detonated in the Ivy Mike nuclear test
Sausage (album), a 1992 album by Baboon
See also |
4017510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Willis%20%28RAF%20officer%29 | John Willis (RAF officer) | Air Chief Marshal Sir John Frederick Willis (27 October 1937 – 9 January 2008) was a senior Royal Air Force officer.
Flying career
John Frederick Willis was born in London and educated at Dulwich College and the RAF College Cranwell. Willis gained his RAF commission in 1958 and went on to fly Vulcan bombers. He went on to be Commanding Officer of No. 27 Squadron at RAF Scampton. He was appointed deputy director of Air Staff Plans at the Ministry of Defence in 1979, Station Commander at RAF Akrotiri on Cyprus in 1982 and Director of Air Staff Briefing & Co-ordination at the Ministry of Defence in 1985. Later that year he was made Chief of the Special Weapons Branch at Headquarters SHAPE.
In 1989 he was appointed Assistant Chief of Defence Staff (Policy & Nuclear). He went on to be one of the RAF's most senior commanders, becoming Director-General of Training in 1991, Air Officer Commanding-in Chief of Support Command in 1992 and the Vice-Chief of the Defence Staff at the Ministry of Defence in 1995. He retired from the Royal Air Force in 1997.
In retirement he was a member of the council of the University of Newcastle upon Tyne and a patron of the Second World War Experience Centre. He was also actively involved in his local Royal Air Forces Association.
Personal life
In 1959, while living in London, Sir John met his wife Merrill, who was a nurse. They married in 1960. They had five children together, Jonathan, David, Kate, Rachel, and Rob. Sir John had fourteen grandchildren: Rebecca, Michael, Gregory, William, Joe, Ben, Finn, Ella, Millie, George, Sarah, Daisy, Pip and Heidi.
References
External links
Honorary Fellowship of Newcastle University
Obituary in The Times, 24 January 2008
|-
|-
Royal Air Force air marshals
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire
Knights Commander of the Order of the Bath
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Graduates of the Royal Air Force College Cranwell
People educated at Dulwich College
People associated with Newcastle University
1937 births
2008 deaths
Military personnel from London |
4017534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20McSheffrey | Gary McSheffrey | Gary McSheffrey (born 13 August 1982) is an English football manager, currently in charge of club Doncaster Rovers, and former professional player.
As a player he was a striker and left winger who made more than 450 appearances in the Football League and Premier League, including 247 for Coventry City, where he became the youngest player ever to play in the Premier League. He went on to play for Stockport County, Luton Town, Birmingham City, Nottingham Forest, and Leeds United before returning to Coventry in 2010. Released in September 2013, he signed for Chesterfield later that month. In January 2014, he signed for Scunthorpe United on a free transfer until the end of the 2013–14 season before moving on to Doncaster Rovers, Eastleigh, Grimsby Town, and Frickley Athletic. He scored more than 100 league goals during his career. McSheffrey played internationally for England at under-20 level.
After a short spell as caretaker manager of Doncaster, he was appointed manager in December 2021.
Club career
Coventry City
McSheffrey was born in Coventry, and began his football career at home town club Coventry City. When he made his first-team debut against local rivals Aston Villa at the age of 16 years and 198 days on 27 February 1999, a game that Coventry won 4–1, he became the youngest player ever to play in the Premier League. He held the record for over four years until Aaron Lennon made his Leeds United debut at a younger age in August 2003. During his time at Coventry he spent loan spells at Stockport County, Luton Town earlier in the 2004–05 season helping them achieve promotion to the Championship, and Swedish side IK Brage. He represented England at under-18 and under-20 levels.
Playing primarily on the left wing in the 2005–06 season, McSheffrey ended up among the top scorers in the Football League Championship with 15 league goals. It was form like this that brought him to the attention of local rivals Birmingham City during the summer of 2006. After weeks of bidding, Coventry accepted an offer valued at £4 million. This has since been estimated at £2.3m cash with a further £1.3m depending on promotion and appearances. The deal was completed on 16 August 2006, and McSheffrey became a Birmingham City player three days after his 24th birthday.
Birmingham City
McSheffrey scored his first hat-trick for his new club in a league match against Preston North End on 9 December 2006. He was part of the 2006–07 promotion-winning side, returning to the Premier League after just one season in the Championship. McSheffrey was also their top scorer with 16 goals, of which 13 were scored in the league. His penalty in Birmingham's 3–2 win against Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane on 2 December 2007 was his first goal in the Premier League. McSheffrey found his time limited during the 2008–09 season; he helped the side clinch promotion back to the Premier League by winning four out of six league appearances he made. In March 2009, he joined Nottingham Forest on loan for what was reported as an initial month. and then to have returned to Birmingham because he needed surgery on a persistent knee problem, but manager Alex McLeish confirmed that the loan was in fact for two months. Told in August 2009 that he was free to find another club, and frustrated by lack of opportunity, McSheffrey made just one start and four substitute appearances in the 2009–10 Premier League.
Leeds United (loan)
On 29 January 2010, McSheffrey joined Leeds United of Football League One on loan for the remainder of the season. He made his debut the following day, producing a man-of-the-match performance on the left wing in Leeds' 2–0 League home win against Colchester United. In an interview after the game McSheffrey said "there'd be no better club to be with at Championship level" should Leeds succeed in gaining promotion.
Ineligible for an FA Cup replay against Tottenham Hotspur, McSheffrey returned to the starting line-up for the 2–2 draw with Hartlepool United. He started on the left wing for Leeds against Carlisle United in the Football League Trophy Northern Final second leg. Leeds won the game 3–2, but ended up losing the tie after losing the penalty shootout 6–5, with McSheffrey converting one of the penalties for Leeds.
He scored his first and only goal for Leeds against Walsall after his mis-hit cross eluded goalkeeper Clayton Ince, but Walsall won 2–1 to inflict Leeds' first home defeat in more than a year. McSheffrey was dropped to the bench against Oldham Athletic and replaced in the starting line-up by Aidan White, but after White suffered an injury McSheffrey returned to Leeds' starting line-up against Huddersfield Town. McSheffrey earned promotion with Leeds to the Championship, after finishing as runners up in League One.
Return to Coventry City
In May 2010, Birmingham City announced that McSheffrey was one of five players to be released when their contracts expired at the end of June. He agreed to return to Championship club Coventry City, where he agreed a one-year deal, with the option of a further year, to begin on 1 July 2010.
His return to Coventry was a largely disappointing spell in his career, despite being a regular starter, fans felt that his best years were past him. McSheffrey was one of eight players told in June 2013 that they did not feature in manager Steven Pressley's future plans, and one of five who had to train on their own during pre-season. On 3 September, his contract was cancelled.
Chesterfield
Ten days later, he signed a four-month contract with League Two club Chesterfield.
Scunthorpe United
On 14 January 2014, McSheffrey signed for Scunthorpe United until the end of the 2013–14 season. McSheffrey made his United debut on 25 January in a 3–3 draw away to Dagenham & Redbridge, and his home debut two days later in a goalless draw with Fleetwood. His first goal for the club came from a free kick in a 2–1 win against Walsall on 30 August. He played 37 times for United in the league that season, scoring four goals, as they finished 16th behind Oldham Athletic by one point.
Doncaster Rovers
On 23 March 2016, McSheffrey signed for fellow League One club Doncaster Rovers on loan until the end of the season.
Eastleigh
McSheffrey joined National League club Eastleigh on 7 September 2017 on a deal until January 2018. He scored twice from 11 league appearances before his contract was cancelled by mutual consent for family reasons in late November.
Grimsby Town
McSheffrey joined League Two club Grimsby Town as a free agent on 15 March 2018 until the end of the season. He was released at the end of the season.
Coaching career
McSheffrey played a one-match trial for Boston United in their Lincolnshire Senior Cup defeat against Lincoln United in July 2018, before joining the coaching staff at Doncaster Rovers' Academy as professional development phase coach working with the under-18 team. Alongside his coaching role, he played a few matches for Northern Premier League East side Frickley Athletic early in the 2018–19 season, and made his debut for Northern Counties East League club Rossington Main in October 2020.
On 2 December 2021, McSheffrey was appointed caretaker manager of Doncaster Rovers following the sacking of manager Richie Wellens with the club 23rd in the table. After four matches in charge, he was appointed manager on a permanent basis.
Personal life
McSheffrey has coached children in the Coventry area via the Soccer Rockz football coaching programme, in association with Coventry City Football Club (CCFC).
A former pupil of Bishop Ullathorne School, McSheffrey is a Roman Catholic.
Career statistics
Honours
As a player
Luton Town
League One champions: 2004–05
Birmingham City
Championship second-place promotion: 2006–07
Championship second-place promotion: 2008–09
Leeds United
League One second-place promotion: 2009–10
Scunthorpe United
League Two second-place promotion: 2013–14
Doncaster Rovers
EFL League Two third-place promotion: 2016–17
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Footballers from Coventry
English footballers
England youth international footballers
Association football forwards
Association football wingers
Coventry City F.C. players
IK Brage players
Stockport County F.C. players
Luton Town F.C. players
Birmingham City F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Scunthorpe United F.C. players
Doncaster Rovers F.C. players
Eastleigh F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Frickley Athletic F.C. players
Rossington Main F.C. players
Premier League players
English Football League players
Superettan players
National League (English football) players
Northern Premier League players
English football managers
Doncaster Rovers F.C. managers
Association football coaches
Doncaster Rovers F.C. non-playing staff
English expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
English Roman Catholics |
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