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4015080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20Zaggia | Simone Zaggia | Simone Zaggia is an Italian astronomer. He was born in 1965 and did undergraduate work at the
University of Padua, where he also received his Ph.D. in 1996. He has done post-doctoral work at the
European Southern Observatory and the Capodimonte Observatory, he worked at Trieste Observatory and currently (2007) works at Padua Observatory.
Zaggia's research interest include the dynamics of dwarf galaxies and globular clusters.
See also
List of Italian scientists
References
1965 births
21st-century Italian astronomers
People from the Province of Padua
Living people |
4015087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%20Graham%20Norton | V Graham Norton | V Graham Norton is a British chat show broadcast on Channel 4 in the United Kingdom starring Graham Norton, broadcast every weeknight as a successor to the weekly So Graham Norton. It aired from 6 May 2002 to 28 December 2003. It featured celebrities who chatted with Graham and became involved in studio games which were usually laden with sexual innuendo. The studio games were later featured on the clip show Nortonland in 2007 on digital channel Challenge.
The show features a 'webcam', a roving television camera which was randomly situated in a different place in the UK each week (though often in Covent Garden) and which followed Graham's instructions and allowed him to interact live with the public. The feature was made technically possible using digital microwave link technology provided by Rear Window Television with the 'spontaneous' webcam feature always produced as a full quality Outside Broadcast, before being made to look like a traditional webcam at the studios.
The most often repeated (and voted as the show's funniest) moment involved Graham and Dustin Hoffman interacting live with a passenger (and later, the driver) of a London taxi cab driving through the city. Another notable episode was with Harvey Keitel who was upset by Graham having an action figure with a gun based on his character in Reservoir Dogs.
Episode guide
References
External links
Graham Norton
2000s British comedy television series
2000s British television talk shows
2002 British television series debuts
2003 British television series endings
Channel 4 comedy
Channel 4 talk shows
English-language television shows
Television series by ITV Studios |
4015090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saturday%20Night%20Dead | Saturday Night Dead | Saturday Night Dead is a television program that hosted B horror films on KYW-TV, Channel 3, at that time the NBC affiliate in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. The program aired at 1:00am directly following Saturday Night Live, from September 29, 1984 to late October 1990, comprising 141 episodes. The show was a cult favorite from the start, with Karen Scioli winning a local acting Emmy in 1985.
Stella
The program was hosted by Stella, dubbed "the Man-Eater From Manayunk" (a section near the Schuylkill River, a working-class neighborhood) and the "Daughter of Desire". Stella’s haunted condo was a playground for celebrities and comics including John Zacherle (aka "Roland"), Jane "Pixanne" Norman, Bill "Wee Willie" Webber, Rip Taylor, Sally Starr, Bobby Rydell, Robert Hazard, Channel 3’s anchors, reporters, weather people, and many local comics and Philadelphia icons. Stella delighted in half-clad, gorgeous young men and often had one or two hanging in her dungeon awaiting her pleasure. According to her biography, Stella was "born in North Libido, New Jersey, a small village outside of Atlantic City. She is the only child of traveling hecklers. Her parents dropped her in a plastic basket at Fifth and Shunk in front of Guido's Hair Weaving and Plumbing Supplies, but for all intents and purposes she was raised by a flock of pigeons." Reincarnated 37 times, Stella was just your typical "ghoul" next door.
Stella was portrayed by Karen Scioli, a South Philadelphia-born actress, writer and homemaker who weekly donned a push-up bra, slinky black dress, feather boa, false eyelashes, and a mole on her right cheek. As clarified by Scioli in the 2006 documentary film American Scary, Stella was not a vampiress or monster, she was instead a traditional, non-supernatural vamp. In 2012, Scioli/"Stella" was inducted into the Horror Host Hall of Fame.
Many Philadelphia and New York City-based actors worked on the program. Stella's butler "Skeeves" was initially portrayed by Bill Brown; when Brown departed the show, he was replaced by Bob Billbrough who then played "Hives".
Glenn Davish played "Cousin Mel"; mad scientist "Dr. Schuylkill" (playing off the Schuylkill River); faceless dungeon monster "Iggy" who ate those Stella didn't like; talking "Portrait" that gave sarcastic responses about whatever Stella was wisecracking. Nerdy "Mel" was told by everyone, in tribute to a character on The Dick Van Dyke Show played by Richard Deacon, to "Shut up, Mel." [Davish had appeared in Mannequin with Andrew McCarthy, Kim Cattrall and Estelle Getty.]
Other prominent regulars included Allen Fitzpatrick who appeared as Stella's love interest "Rhett Cutlet," a butcher from Manayunk who had been raised in the Old South. "Cutlet", a character devised by Fitzpatrick, was modeled on Clark Gable in Gone with the Wind. Fitzpatrick also portrayed Rhett's mother, "Veala Cutlet," and scores of other characters including a bimbo in the "LONESOME DIVA" story line (a parody of then-popular TV show Lonesome Dove). Other highly-featured regulars included Donna Ryan as whacked-out psychic "Madame Tofutti"; and Kathy Robinson in a variety of roles. (Stella's canopied bed, "Beda Lugosi", also appeared; the bed was notable for its both speaking and vibrating.)
Saturday Night Dead often featured the talent from KYW's local news production, Eyewitness News, including Howard Joffe.
The Duke Ellington Orchestra's recording of "The Mooche" was used as the show's theme song.
Featured films
Gamera: Super Monster directed by Noriaki Yuasa
Night Fright directed by James A. Sullivan
Shivers (a/k/a They Came From Within) directed by David Cronenberg (shown in a "Christmas in July" episode)
The Tomb of Ligeia directed by Roger Corman
Zombies of Sugar Hill directed by Paul Maslansky
Zombie Lake directed by Jean Rollin
Bluebeard
Dracula vs. Frankenstein directed by Al Adamson
The Legend of Boggy Creek "starring no one" as described by the Saturday Night Dead announcer during commercial bumpers
References
American television shows featuring puppetry
Horror movie television series
1984 American television series debuts
1990 American television series endings
Television in Philadelphia |
4015100 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uchpa | Uchpa | Uchpa is a Quechua-singing Peruvian hard rock and blues band. Fredy Ortiz formed the band in 1994.
History
Uchpa came to fame singing in the Quechua language. Formed in Ayacucho in 1991, initially playing cover versions of Nirvana in Quechua, and subsequently classic 1960s and 1970s rock. The initial line-up was almost entirely made up of musicians from Ayacucho, except for Fredy Ortiz and Igor Montoya (both from Andahuaylas). They included: Tampa, Koki, Mr. Blues and Jaime Pacheco. However, the members went their separate ways. Igor went travelling and Fredy moved to Lima, to work as a policeman, taking the demos with him, and reforming the group in Lima, with the same name but different members.
Following two first albums, Uchpa released a third, Qukman muskiy (A different breath, 2000), once again entirely in Quechua. This album made them much better known in the Peruvian capital.
“Chachaschay”, one of the group's best known songs, is a typical Peruvian huayno from Chaccra, a locality situated between the borders of the Apurímac and Ayacucho; it is a huayno usually played with a harp and violin and sung by a woman. It is well known as a classic among the people of Andahuaylas, Apurímac and Ayacucho, and very different from the urban huaynos (Ñachu Mamayki yachanña Chachaschay/Quri anillu Qusqayta Chachaschay/ñachu mamayki yachanña chachaschay/Quri anillu Qusqayta chachaschay/Yachachun yachachun chachaschay/Quri anillu Qusqayta chachaschay - first verse).
Members
Fredy Ortiz Carrasco (vocals)
Marcos Maizel (Lead guitar)
Julio Valladares (rhythm guitar)
Miguel Ángel Cruz (bass
Ivo Flores (drums)
Juan Ezpinoza (Waqrapuku, a Peruvian instrument from Cusco)
Former members
Bram Willem (bass)
Igor Montoya
Tampa
Koki
Mr. Blues
Jaime Pacheco
Albums
Wayrapim Kaprichpam (1995)
Qauka Kausay (1994)
Qukman Muskiy (2000)
Lo Mejor De Uchpa (2005)
Concierto (2006)
Singles
"Perú Llaqta"
"Ananao"
"Añas Blues"
"Pitaqmi Kanki?"
"Corazón Contento"
"Chachaschay"
"Pachamama"
"Kusi Kusun"
Notes
External links
Videos
Peruvian musical groups |
4015114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handwriting%20%28album%29 | Handwriting (album) | Handwriting is the debut album by the instrumental group Rachel's. It was released in May 1995 on Quarterstick Records.
Critical reception
Trouser Press wrote: "Using vibes, winds and traps, 'M. Daguerre' is the closest to jazz the ensemble gets, but the song’s main theme gives way to effective, unsettling improv, as well as delicate passages led by [Rachel] Grimes’ piano and a string section."
Track listing
"Southbound to Marion" – 3:11
"M. Daguerre" – 11:28
"Saccharin" – 7:04
"Frida Kahlo" – 1:53
"Seratonin" – 3:34
"Full on Night" – 14:32
"Handwriting" – 1:48
Personnel
Richard Barber – contra bass
Nat Barrett – cello
Marnie Christensen – violin
Kevin Coultas – drum kit
Christian Frederickson – viola
Mark Greenberg – vibraphone
Rachel Grimes – piano
Gregory King – hand drums
Michael Kurth – double bass
Eve Miller – cello
Jeff Mueller – orator
Jason B. Noble – electric bass, guitars, tapes
Barry Phipps – upright bass
Jacob Pine – violin
John Upchurch – clarinet, bass clarinet
Bob Weston – double bass, electric bass
References
Rachel's albums
1995 albums
Quarterstick Records albums |
4015115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indoor%20skiing | Indoor skiing | Indoor skiing is done in a climate-controlled environment with artificially produced snow. This enables skiing and snowboarding to take place regardless of outdoor temperatures. Facilities for both alpine skiing and nordic skiing are available.
History
Since the early 20th century, there have been four major stages in the evolution of indoor snow centres.
Firstly, centres that had no refrigeration and used an artificial mixture of materials to create a surface substance something like snow, the first of these opened in Austria and Germany in the 1920s. The first recorded indoor “snow” slope was created at Berlin’s Automobilhalle in April 1927 gaining worldwide attention. According to contemporary reports a wooden slope was created about 720 feet long and sixty feet wide.
The "snow" substitute used was invented and later patented by a British diplomat, L. C. Ayscough, and involved a mixture of powdered mica, soda crystals and sawdust spread on a brush matting surface. The Berlin government were concerned about health risks from the mixture and commissioned the then head of its Municipal Health Bureau, Dr. Wilhelm von Drigalkski, to check it was safe for public use. He confirmed that it was and an order for 200 tons of the material to be delivered by train was placed.
The slope was initially popular and a company was founded to build more slopes in Dresden, Munich, and Frankfurt. It is not known if these were ever created.
A second indoor centre using "Ayscough snow", planned to be a more permanent facility, opened in Austria in November 1927. Known as Schneepalast (German: Snow Palace), it was opened in the Austrian capital Vienna in the abandoned Vienna Northwest Railway Station established by the Norwegian ski jumper Dagfinn Carlsen. The track in the ski area was built on a wooden ramp. A ski jump made it possible to jump up to . Skiers had to walk up the artificial mountain, because there was no ski lift. However, sledges could be pulled up with an electrically-operated system. The artificial snow had been made by the English experimenter James Ayscough from soda.
After the initial excitement enthusiasm for "Ayscough snow" rapidly waned however as users decided it was not particularly slippery and the initial whiteness rapidly discoloured. The Vienna facility closed in May 1928.
The second attempt at indoor snow centres came three decades later with the first centre that used real snow or crushed ice which was transported inside to a slope covered by a roof and open to urban skiers during cold months of the year in the city of Sayama, Japan. This centre opened in 1959 and continues to operate, although now with on-site snowmaking rather than bringing in snow by lorry.
Thirdly came the first generation of refrigerated indoor centres which used either a chemical mixture to simulate snow or scraped ice. The first three of these opened in 1988, each claiming to be the first in the world. These were MtTheBarton in Adelaide, Australia, Casablanca in Belgium, and Ski in Tsudanuma in Japan.
The fourth and current stage of indoor snow centre development came when centres which used ‘real snow’, made by snow-making machines, with no chemical additives, began to appear. These are now the norm for most of the 140 centres that have been built since the first, which was The Snowdome at Tamworth in the UK which opened in May 1994.
Present Day
Since the first indoor snow centre was built in Berlin in 1926, 149 indoor snow centres have been, most of them since 1990. 113 are currently operational in 35 countries on 6 continents.
Most offer skiing and snowboarding but some, primarily in sub-tropical areas in southeast Asia that do not normally see natural snowfall, exist as snow experience centres offering activities like sledging, snowman building and snowball fights.
The number of centres being built continues to grow and 2019 saw more indoor snow centres open worldwide than any other year. Analysis of the last three decades of indoor snow centre construction saw 2010-19 had the most indoor snow centres built (60), up from 43 between 2000 and 2009 and 34 built in the 1990s.
Asia (especially China) saw the most-new indoor snow centres built since 2010, as it did in the 1990s (back then most were built in Japan). Between those two decades Europe built the most facilities in the first decade of this century. The past decade saw the first indoor snow centres open in Africa (Egypt), North America (USA) and South America (Brazil).
Three of the five-biggest indoor snow centres in the world, including two with 50,000sqm+ (500,000+ square feet) indoor snow space, opened in a 12 month period from March 2019 to March 2020.
Many of the indoor snow centres built in recent years are in China which has 34 centres, almost five times more than the next closest country (The Netherlands, with seven). China’s SUNAC group has become the world’s largest operator of indoor snow centres, operating seven centres, including the world’s three largest. Two more are under construction, most of these opened in 2019-20.
List of Alpine ski halls by country
Australia
Mt Thebarton Snow and Ice, Adelaide. Operated 1987 - 2005. Built in a state without any ski resorts, it was probably the world's first indoor ski slope on artificial snow.
Swiss Pavilion at World Expo 88, Brisbane. Two lifts operated for six months. Included a ski slope on artificial snow serviced by a handle tow and a double chairlift operating on a rectangular route.
Belgium
Aspen, Antwerp
Ice Mountain, Comines
Snow Valley, Peer
China
Harbin Wanda Indoor Ski and Winter Sports Resort located in Harbin, Heilongjiang, world's largest indoor ski resort with of indoor snow.
Yinqixing indoor skiing, Shanghai
Sunac Snow Park, Guangzhou
Sunac Snow Park, Wuxi
Sunac Snow Park, Kunming
Sunac Snow Park, Chengdu
Sunac Snow Park, Chongqing
France
SnowHall, SnowHall Amnéville, France
Germany
alpinCenter Bottrop in the SnowFunPark in Wittenburg with a slope and a 31 percent grade.
SnowDome Bispingen, Bispingen.
Alpenpark Neuss, 300m slope.
Indonesia
Trans Snow World in Bekasi, first of a series of snow parks that are opening across Indonesia, which includes also a ski slope and ski lifts. It is possible to ski and learn skiing by Ski Club Indonesia, first Ski operator and association in Indonesia
Japan
Sayama ski resort, Tokorozawa
Lithuania
Snow Arena, Druskininkai
Netherlands
SnowWorld, Landgraaf with a total of of snow. In 2003, the first indoor snowboard FIS WorldCup contest was held here.
SnowWorld, Zoetermeer
SnowWorld, Rucphen
SnowWorld, Terneuzen
De Uithof, The Hague
SnowWorld, Amsterdam
Montana Snowcenter, Westerhoven
New Zealand
Snowplanet, Auckland
Norway
SNØ, Lørenskog with a total of . Has a alpine ski track and a cross-country skiing track suspended from the roof. One-of-a-kind combination of these winter sports. Opened January 2020. https://snooslo.no
Russia
Snejcom, Moscow. http://www.snej.com
Spain
SnowZone, in Madrid, has of snow areas, including a slope (over 25% grade), a slope, chairlifts, and other winter sports facilities.
United Arab Emirates
Ski Dubai, Mall of the Emirates, Dubai.
Egypt
Ski Egypt, Mall of Egypt, 6th of October. It has the only indoor ski slope in Africa with the main slope being long.
United Kingdom
Chill Factore, outside Manchester, with a main slope.
Snowzone Castleford, near Leeds with a main slope.
Snowzone, near Milton Keynes with a main slope.
Snowdome at Tamworth, near Birmingham with a slope and two smaller beginner areas long.
Snow Centre at Hemel Hempstead
Snow Factor at Braehead Soar
United States of America
Big SNOW American Dream, American Dream Meadowlands, (Meadowlands Sports Complex), East Rutherford, New Jersey (Opened on 5 December 2019)
Nordic ski tunnels (Cross-country skiing )
References
External links
Indoor Snow News
Cross-country skiing
Ski areas and resorts
Artificial ski resorts |
4015120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20African%20animals%20extinct%20in%20the%20Holocene | List of African animals extinct in the Holocene | This list of African animals extinct in the Holocene features animals known to have become extinct in the last 12,000 years on the African continent and its islands, such as Madagascar, the Mascarenes, Seychelles, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, Cape Verde, Madeira, and the Canary Islands.
Many extinction dates are unknown due to a lack of relevant information.
Mammals
Undated
Prehistoric
Recent
Local
Birds
Undated
Prehistoric
Recent
Reptiles
Prehistoric
Recent
Amphibians
Fish
Insects
Crustaceans
Molluscs
Undated
Recent
See also
List of extinct animals
List of extinct animals of New Zealand
List of extinct animals of Réunion
List of extinct birds
Extinct in the wild
Lazarus taxon
References
External links
The Extinction Website
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species
Africa
†Holocene |
4015125 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/527th%20Space%20Aggressor%20Squadron | 527th Space Aggressor Squadron | The 527th Space Aggressor Squadron is a United States Space Force unit assigned to the Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional). The unit traces its lineage to the 312th Bombardment Squadron (Light) constituted in 1942. It presents realistic adversary threats to US and allied military forces to improve their training for space-associated operations. It is stationed at Schriever Space Force Base, Colorado. Its present form dates from its activation as part of the United States Air Force in 2000. That year it was activated as part of the Space Warfare Centre, but it was then transferred to the 57th Adversary Tactics Group in 2006. With the formation of the Space Force in 2019, the squadron was part of the second wave of transfers and reorganizations which took place in mid-2020.
Mission
Its mission is to train US, joint and allied military forces for combat with space-capable adversaries; preparing USAF, Joint and Allied Forces for combat through realistic threat replication, training, and feedback through specialized and certified space-capable aggressors. It operates adversary space systems, develops new tactics, techniques and procedures to counter threats, and improves the US military space posture.
The squadron attempts to replicate enemy threats to space-based and space-enabled systems during tests and training exercises. By using Global Positioning System and satellite communications jamming techniques, it provides Space Force, joint and coalition military personnel with an understanding of how to recognize, mitigate, counter and defeat these threats.
The 527th serves to know, teach and replicate a wide array of terrestrial and space threats to the U.S. Department of Defense's space enablers. The squadron trains the modern warfighter to operate in an environment where critical systems like GPS and SATCOM are interfered with or denied—preparing them for the current and future fights, and guaranteeing U.S. battlefield dominance well into the 21st century.
History
World War II
Initially activated as the 312th Bombardment Squadron, a Douglas A-20 Havoc light bomber squadron in the southeast, trained under Third Air Force. Was reequipped as a Douglas A-24 Banshee fighter-bomber squadron and redesignated as the 527th Fighter-Bomber Squadron in August 1943.
Was deployed to Twelfth Air Force in North Africa in May 1943, being initially stationed in Algeria. Flying operations began 15 May from Médiouna Airfield, near Casablanca, French Morocco. Moved eastward supporting the Fifth Army with close air support missions. In the North African Campaign, the squadron engaged German positions in Tunisia.
In July, initial elements of the squadron moved to Sicily. From the Gela Airfield, begin flying combat missions, supporting the 1st Division of II Army Corps. On 27 August, the squadron provided air support for the first Allied landings on the European mainland at Salerno, Italy. On 10 September, three days after the invasion of Salerno, advance echelons of the squadron moved to Sele Airfield, near the beachhead. Enemy shelling of the beaches caused considerable difficulty during the move, and the 5527th did not fly its first missions until 15 September.
Moved north through Italy during the Italian Campaign, supported Allied forces by attacking enemy lines of communication, troop concentrations and supply areas. In April 1944 the squadron attacked the German Gustav Line. It also attacked rail and road targets and strafed German troop and supply columns during late spring.
The 527th was an active participant in Operation Strangle, the attempt to cut German supply lines prior to the Allied offensive aimed at rail and road networks, and attacking German troop and supply columns. While Strangle did not significantly cut into German supplies, it did disrupt enemy tactical mobility and was a major factor in the Allies' eventual breakthrough. During this period the 527th received Curtiss P-40 Warhawks to augment its aging A-36s, but the obsolescent P-40s were only a stopgap measure. The 527th welcomed its first Republic P-47 Thunderbolts a few weeks later, on 23 June.
Moved to Corsica in July 1944. From Poretta Airfield, the squadron flew bombing missions against coastal defenses in direct support of Operation Dragoon, the Allied invasion of southern France 15 Aug. 1944. Allied forces met little resistance as they moved inland twenty miles in the first twenty-four hours. Once the invasion was completed, the squadron moved back to northern Italy and continued its coastal basing by attacking enemy road and rail networks in northern Italy and, for the first time, flying regular escort missions with heavy bombers. The 527th also conducted armed reconnaissance against the enemy in the Po Valley region.
The 527th continued combat in northern Italy until February 1945, when it left the Mediterranean Theater and moved to Tantonville Airfield, France, in the Lorraine region, and operations shifted from targets in the Po Valley to those in southern Germany. The 527th's first mission to Germany – a cause of some excitement – was on 25 Feb. 1945, and by March most missions were flown into Germany against rail lines, roads, supply dumps, enemy installations and airfields. The squadron transferred from Tantonville to Braunshardt Airfield, near Darmstadt, Germany,
The 527th Fighter Squadron flew its final combat mission on 8 May 1945.
Just after the war, the squadron performed military occupation duty in Germany, with personnel demobilizing throughout the summer. The squadron's last personnel were sent back to the United States from AAF Station Schweinfurt, Germany, on 15 February 1946, with the squadron inactivated as an administrative unit in March.
Cold War
The squadron was reactivated in the postwar era 20 August 1946 at AAF Station Nordholz, Germany equipped with surplus P-47 Thunderbolts from storage depots in Europe. Over the next several years, the squadron underwent several redesignations and several station assignments in occupied Germany. In June 1948, the squadron was moved to Neubiberg Air Base, near Munich when tensions with the Soviet Union culminated in the Berlin Blockade. By 1948, it was obvious that the piston-engine Thunderbolts would be no match for Soviet jet fighters, and in early 1950 the squadron was re-equipped with Republic F-84E Thunderjets for air defense of the Munich area.
With the arrival of the jet age in Europe, USAFE wanted to move its units west of the Rhine River, as its bases in the Munich area were just a few minutes flying time from Soviet MiG-15 bases in Czechoslovakia. The squadron relocated to a new base, located west of the Rhine River near Kaiserslautern, West Germany in 1952. Landstuhl Air Base opened for operations on 5 August 1952, and the 527th Fighter Bomber Squadron arrived on 21 August.
In April 1953, the 527th completed its move to Landstuhl and was soon reequipped with the North American F-86F Sabre Jet, the first unit in USAFE to fly the most modern American fighter. The F-86F had been very successful as both a fighter and fighter bomber in the Korean War, and marked a quantum increase in the Wing's capabilities.
A year later the squadron was redesignated the 527th Fighter-Interceptor Squadron and assumed a new mission of air defense for the central European region. For this mission, the squadron was re-equipped with the rocket-armed North American F-86D Sabre interceptor which provided an all-weather capability
The 527th was inactivated on 8 Feb 1956 in a reorganization of air defense forces in West Germany by USAFE, with personnel and equipment transferring to the 461st Fighter-Day Squadron.
Fighter Aggressor Squadron
In April 1976, the squadron was reactivated at RAF Alconbury, England as the 527th Tactical Fighter Training and Aggressor Squadron, becoming the United States Air Forces in Europe's only aggressor squadron. The 527th began providing aggressor support to European-based combat units in September. Its mission was to train United States Air Forces Europe fighter pilots for air combat with Eastern bloc adversaries using "Dissimilar Air Combat Training" (DACT)
The squadron was equipped with the Northrop F-5E Tiger II, being originally part of an order of aircraft destined for South Vietnam. The first batch of eight aircraft were air-freighted into Alconbury on 21 May 1976 on board a Lockheed C-5A Galaxy direct from the production facility at Palmdale, California. Eight more Tigers arrived on 14 June with the final batch of four following ten days later, on 24 June. These aircraft were also airfreighted on board a C-5A. The 527th was fully operational a few months later with the first DACT course commencing in October 1976
The aggressor F-5Es were painted in a variety of colourful camouflage schemes designed to mimic those in use by Warsaw Pact aircraft. Two-digit Soviet-style nose codes were applied to most aggressor aircraft. These coincided with the last two digits of the serial number. When there was duplication, three digits were used.
International conventions made it necessary for military aircraft to carry their national insignia, but the star-and-bar national insignia was reduced in size and relocated to a less-conspicuous position on the rear fuselage. The 527th's Aggressor aircraft were among the first to apply the star and bar in toned-down or stencil form, now standard on USAF aircraft.
The 527th Aggressors flew their aircraft in intense turns and other maneuvers as their mission involved intense combat fighter training, often involving high-G turns at supersonic speeds. The Aggressors trained both United States Air Force squadrons in Soviet fighter tactics, but deployed frequently to other NATO airfields, training pilots from Norway to Greece and Turkey, France, West Germany and the Low Countries in combat tactics.
After 12 years of intense flying, in 1988 the fleet of aggressor F-5Es were getting rather worn out as a result of sustained exposure to the rigours of air combat manoeuvring. There were restrictions placed on operations in which pilots were warned not to exceed a certain G-load. Some repair kits had to be devised to overcome these problems, and the estimated cost of repair of the entire fleet was beginning to exceed a billion dollars. In addition, with the appearance of a new generation of Soviet fighters, it became apparent that F-5Es could no longer adequately mimic Warsaw Pact threats.
It was decided to re-equip the squadron with General Dynamics F-16C Fighting Falcons and move the squadron to RAF Bentwaters. In return, the Fairchild Republic A-10 Thunderbolt II's at Bentwaters would move to Alconbury and give the 10th Tactical Fighter Wing a new close air support mission.
After the 527th was reassigned, eight of the lowest-hour F-5E's were transferred to the Navy for Top Gun/Aggressor training at Marine Corps Air Station Miramar, California in July 1988. The remainder were sent to storage at RAF Kemble for refurbishing. From there they were sold under the foreign military assistance program to Morocco and Tunisia in October 1989. One F-5E was thought to be retained at Alconbury for static display as a gate guard. In reality this is a plastic/fiberglass model with an authentic windscreen and canopy.
The 527th flew its last F-5E sortie from Alconbury on 22 June 1988 and personnel and equipment was moved to RAF Bentwaters. The first two of an intended complement of eighteen F-16Cs arrived at Bentwaters on 14 June 1988. These were single examples taken from the 52d Tactical Fighter Wing at Spangdahlem Air Base, West Germany and the 86th Tactical Fighter Wing at Ramstein Air Base. The first four months at Bentwaters were dedicated to pilot conversion for the new aircraft.
The 527th AS resumed their aggressor role in November 1988 when six McDonnell Douglas F-15C Eagles from the 36th Tactical Fighter Wing at Bitburg Air Base, Germany arrived at Bentwaters for the start of a three-week DACT course. The 527th's complement of aircraft had reached twelve on 16 January 1989 when one more F-16C was delivered from Spangdahlem.
In 1989 with the collapse of the Warsaw Pact and a reduction of defense spending, the decision was made to terminate the entire USAF aggressor program. In November 1989 the squadron began disposing of its F-16Cs in preparation for inactivation the following year. The first two aircraft to leave were flown to Spangdahlem on 29 November 1989. The 527th had reassigned its entire fleet of 12 aircraft by mid-1990 and was inactivated on 30 September 1990. It was to be the only F-16 unit ever to be based in the United Kingdom.
Space Aggressor Squadron
The 527th was not activated again until 29 September 2000 when it became the 527th Space Aggressor Squadron. On 14 April 2006 the squadron moved from under Air Force Space Command to Air Combat Command. In 2006 it began reporting to the 57th Adversary Tactics Group of the 57th Wing.
On 24 July 2020 the 527th Aggressor Squadron was transferred to the United States Space Force.
Lineage
Constituted as the 312th Bombardment Squadron (Light) on 13 January 1942
Activated on 10 February 1942
Redesignated 312th Bombardment Squadron (Dive) on 3 September 1942
Redesignated 527th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 23 August 1943
Redesignated 527th Fighter Squadron, Single Engine on 30 May 1944
Inactivated on 31 March 1946
Activated on 20 August 1946
Redesignated: 527th Fighter-Bomber Squadron on 20 January 1950
Redesignated: 527th Fighter-Day Squadron on 8 October 1954
Inactivated on 8 February 1956
Redesignated 527th Tactical Fighter Training Aggressor Squadron on 29 September 1975
Activated on 1 April 1976
Redesignated 527th Aggressor Squadron on 15 April 1983
Inactivated on 30 September 1990
Redesignated 527th Space Aggressor Squadron on 29 September 2000
Activated on 23 October 2000
Assignments
86th Bombardment Group (later 86th Fighter-Bomber Group, 86th Fighter Group), 10 February 1942 – 31 March 1946
86th Fighter Group, 20 August 1946
United States Air Forces in Europe, 15 May 1947
Tactical Air Command, 25 June 1947
United States Air Forces in Europe, 30 December 1947
86th Fighter Group (later 86th Fighter-Bomber Group, 86th Fighter-Interceptor Group), 25 January 1948 – 8 February 1956
10th Tactical Reconnaissance Wing (later 10th Tactical Fighter Wing), 1 April 1976
81st Tactical Fighter Wing, 14 July 1988 – 30 September 1990
Space Warfare Center, 23 October 2000
57th Adversary Tactics Group, 14 April 2006 – 24 July 2020
Space Training and Readiness Delta (Provisional), 24 July 2020 onwards
Stations
Will Rogers Field, Oklahoma, 10 February 1942
Hunter Field, Georgia, 15 June 1942
Key Field, Mississippi, c. 7 August 1942 – 19 March 1943
Oran Es Sénia Airport, Algeria, 11 May 1943
Marnia Airfield, French Morocco, 15 May 1943
Tafaraoui Airfield, Algeria, 11 June 1943
Korba Airfield, Tunisia, 1 July 1943
Gela West Landing Ground, Sicily, Italy, 20 July 1943
Barcelona Landing Ground, Sicily, Italy, 27 August 1943
Sele Airfield, Italy, c. 16 September 1943
Serretella Airfield, Italy, c. 11 October 1943
Pomigliano Airfield, Italy, c. 20 October 1943
Marcianise Airfield, Italy, 30 April 1944
Ciampino Airport, Italy, 12 June 1944
Orbetello Airfield, Italy, c. 19 June 1944
Poretta Airfield, Corsica, France, c. 12 July 1944
Grosseto Airfield, Italy, c. 17 September 1944
Pisa Airport, Italy, c. 26 October 1944
Tatonville Airfield (Y-1), France, c. 23 February 1945
Braunshardt Airfield (Y-72), Germany, 17 April 1945
AAF Station Schweinfurt (R-25), Germany, 20 September 1945 – 15 February 1946
Bolling Field, District of Columbia, 15 February–31 March 1946
AAF Station Nordholz, Germany, 20 August 1946
AAF Station Lechfeld, Germany, c. 1 December 1946
AAF Station Bad Kissingen, Germany, 5 March–25 June 1947
Langley Field, Virginia, 25 June–30 December 1947
Neubiberg Air Base, Germany, 30 December 1947
Landstuhl Air Base, Germany, 1 August 1952 – 8 February 1956
RAF Alconbury, England, 1 April 1976
RAF Bentwaters, England, 14 July 1988 – 30 September 1990
Schriever Air Force Base, CO, 23 October 2000 – present
Aircraft
Douglas A-20 Havoc, 1942
Douglas A-24 Banshee, 1942
Vultee A-31 Vengeance, 1942
North American A-36 Apache, 1942–1944
Curtiss P-40 Warhawk, 1944
Republic P-47 (later F-47) Thunderbolt, 1944–1946, 1946–1947, 1948–1950
Republic F-84 Thunderjet, 1950–1953
North American F-86 Sabre, 1953–1956
Northrop F-5 Tiger II, 1976–1988
General Dynamics F-16 Fighting Falcon, 1988–1990
List of commanders
Lt Col Scott Bonzer, 22 June 2012 – 6 June 2014
Lt Col Kyle J. Pumroy, 6 June 2014 – 2 June 2016
Lt Col Anibal Rodriguez, 2 June 2016 – ???
Lt Col Jason Adams, ~2019
Lt Col Jennifer Hodges, ~2020
References
Notes
Explanatory notes
Citations
Bibliography
Luce, Steve. 86th Fighter Group in WW II. Hamilton, Montana: Eagle Editions Ltd., 2007. .
External links
57th Wing factsheet
527th AS 1986 Deployment, Decimommanu AB, Italy
When Bears Roamed Suffolk
Squadrons of the United States Space Force |
4015130 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeastern%20University%20School%20of%20Law | Northeastern University School of Law | Northeastern University School of Law (NUSL) is the law school of Northeastern University in Boston, Massachusetts. Founded as an evening program to meet the needs of its local community, Northeastern law school is nationally recognized for its cooperative legal education and public interest law programs.
History
Northeastern University School of Law was founded by the Boston Young Men's Christian Association (YMCA) in 1898 as the first evening law program in the city. At the time, only two law schools were in the Boston area and the time-honored practice of reading law in the office of an established lawyer was losing its effectiveness. An advisory committee, consisting of James Barr Ames, dean of the Harvard Law School; Samuel Bennett, dean of the Boston University School of Law; and Massachusetts Judge James R. Dunbar, was formed to assist with the formation of the evening law program. The program was incorporated as an LL.B.-granting law school, the Evening School of Law of Boston YMCA, in 1904. Additional campuses of YMCA Law School were opened in Worcester, Massachusetts by 1917, in Springfield, Massachusetts by 1919, and Providence, Rhode Island by 1921. The Worcester and Providence branches were closed by 1942, but the Springfield branch eventually became the Western New England University School of Law. In its early days, the school "saw itself as the working man's alternative to the elite schools" and "boasted of being 'An Evening Law School with Day School Standards,'" using the case method of teaching, according to legal historian Robert Stevens.
The school was renamed Northeastern University School of Law in 1922 and began admitting women that year. NUSL was accredited by the University of the State of New York in 1943 and became a member of the Association of American Law Schools in 1945. It was accredited by the American Bar Association in 1969.
In April 1953, Northeastern President Carl Ell announced that the law school would close. He cited the number of other law schools that had sprung up elsewhere in the city. Meanwhile, enrollment at Northeastern law school had plummeted, from 1,328 students in 1937-38 to 196 students in that year. The school's building and library on Mt. Vernon Street in Beacon Hill was eventually sold. Alumni - who composed one-fourth of Massachusetts's Superior Court judges as well as many District Court judges - worked to reestablish the law school in 1966, based upon the university's signature cooperative, or co-op, education model. Thomas J. O'Toole, a Harvard Law graduate, was selected as the school's dean in 1967. In 1970, Gryzmish Hall on Huntington Avenue was dedicated, which would later become part the Asa S. Knowles Center for Law. Despite the school's working-class origins, rigorous new admissions policies resulted in a small student body of 125 students who nearly all came from financially well-off families and upper-echelon undergraduate colleges. Still, half of those admitted as first-year students were women.
Over the ensuing decades, students worked in co-ops as varied as Native American land claims in rural Maine; assisting migrant farm laborers in east Texas; at the Moscow, Russia office of Baker & McKenzie; the United Nations High Commission for Refugees in New Delhi; and countless legal services offices. In 1968, O'Toole, explaining the school's dedication to public interest law, told a Boston Globe reporter that "law schools are still teaching lawyers as if they were all going out to be corporation lawyers on Wall Street...(but) the big demand for lawyers today is in the field of public affairs in government, and in dealing with basic human problems, and no law school today seems to be training lawyers for those jobs."
Campus
The NULS complex is located on Boston's Huntington Avenue and includes three adjacent buildings: Knowles Center, which houses offices and the Law Library; Cargill Hall, home to most faculty and some administrative offices as well as small seminar rooms and lecture halls; and Dockser Hall, which includes a moot courtroom, classrooms, seminar rooms, offices and lounge areas and space for the law school's clinical program.
Academics
NULS offers a Juris Doctor (JD) program for full-time, on-campus students as well as a FlexJD program for part-time students online and on-campus that began in the fall of 2021. The law school also offers on-campus and online Master of Laws (LLM) programs for lawyers seeking to expand their legal knowledge. In addition, the school offers programs for non-lawyers, including a Master of Science (MS) in Media Advocacy and online programs leading to graduate certificates in health law, intellectual property law, business law and human resources law, plus a data privacy fundamentals program.
NULS integrates full-time employment into its traditional JD curriculum, allowing students to graduate in three years - the same amount of time as peers at other law schools. Following the first year of study, students alternate between classroom and co-op professional experience until they graduate with three, full-time employment experiences. Instead of grades, students receive written evaluations from their professors and co-op employers.
Northeastern has been named as one of the top public interest law schools in the nation. Many students participate in the school's clinics and institutes, such as the Civil Rights and Restorative Justice Project. In addition, all students are required to complete a year-long social justice project during their first year.
Northeastern is #1 for "Practical Training," according to The National Jurist.
The Princeton Review's "The Best 172 Law Schools" ranks Northeastern #2 among all the law schools for both providing the "best environment" for minority students and for having the "most liberal" students.
Costs
Tuition for a full-time Northeastern student is $56,940 per year. The total cost of attendance (indicating the cost of tuition, fees and living expenses) at Northeastern law school for the 2021–2022 academic year is $82,736.
Student organizations and journals
Northeastern University School of Law has many student-run organizations and activities, including affinity groups and shared interest groups such as Entertainment and Sports Law Society (ESLS), Human Rights Caucus (HRC) and Phi Alpha Delta International, a co-ed fraternity. NULS is home to two scholarly legal journals.
Northeastern University Law Review
The Northeastern University Law Review is a law review founded in 2008 that publishes a broad array of legal scholarship primarily from law professors, judges, attorneys and law students. Staffed and edited by law students, it is published twice a year. Staff members are selected largely based on their writing abilities, tests and first-year grades. The law review also publishes content through its online publications: Extra Legal and the Online Forum.
Journal of Legal Education
NULS is co-editor of the Journal of Legal Education, a quarterly publication of the Association of American Law Schools. The Journal publishes articles on legal theory, legal scholarship and legal education, among other topics. It claims a readership of more than 10,000 law instructors.
Research centers, institutes and clinical programs
Center for Health Policy and Law
Center for Law, Information and Creativity (CLIC)
Center for Public Interest Advocacy and Collaboration (CPIAC)
Civil Rights and Restorative Justice Project
Community Business Clinic
Criminal Justice Task Force
Domestic Violence Institute
Health in Justice Action Lab
Immigrant Justice Clinic
Initiative for Energy Justice
IP CO-LAB
NuLawLab
Poverty Law and Practice Clinic
Prisoners' Rights Clinic
Program on Human Rights and the Global Economy
Program on the Corporation, Law and Global Society
Public Health Advocacy Institute
Public Health Legal Clinic
Notable alumni
Charlotte Hunter Arley, lawyer in Reno, Nevada Petticoats Trial
Janet Bond Arterton, Judge, United States District Court for the District of Connecticut
Mary Bonauto, Civil Rights Project Director, Gay & Lesbian Advocates & Defenders; lead counsel in Goodridge v. Department of Public Health; MacArthur "Genius"
Margot Botsford, Justice, Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court (retired)
Timothy Mark Burgess, Judge, United States District Court for the District of Alaska
Marie-Therese Connolly, Elder Rights Lawyer, MacArthur "Genius"
William "Mo" Cowan, US Senator (retired); Vice President, Litigation and Legal Policy, General Electric
Harold Donohue, (deceased) Member, US House of Representatives
Martín Espada, poet, recipient of 2018 Ruth Lilly Poetry Prize
Dana Fabe, Justice, Alaska Supreme Court (retired)
Thomas A. Flaherty, (deceased) Member, US House of Representatives
Peter Franchot, Comptroller of Maryland
Kumiki Gibson, Former Chief Counsel to Vice President Al Gore
Maggie Hassan, United States Senator for New Hampshire
Maura Healey, Attorney General, Commonwealth of Massachusetts
Courtney Hunt, Best Picture Academy Award-nominated film director/screenwriter in 2009 for Frozen River
Candace S. Kovacic-Fleischer, gender equality expert, Professor emerita, Washington College of Law, American University
Landya McCafferty, US District Court Judge for the District of New Hampshire
Rishi Reddi, short story writer, Best American Short Stories
Emily Gray Rice, Former US Attorney for New Hampshire
Rashida Richardson, director of policy research at the AI Now Institute
Delissa A. Ridgway, Judge, US Court of International Trade
Victoria A. Roberts, Judge, United States District Court for the Eastern District of Michigan
Rachael Rollins, District Attorney, Suffolk County
Chase Strangio, ACLU Staff Attorney, LGBT & HIV Project, and transgender rights activist
Urvashi Vaid, Author, Irresistible Revolution: Confronting Race, Class and the Assumptions of LGBT Politics (2012) and Virtual Equality: The Mainstreaming of Lesbian and Gay Liberation (1996); CEO, The Vaid Group
Leslie Winner, North Carolina Former State Senator
Leocadia Zak, President, Agnes Scott College
References
External links
Northeastern University School of Law
Northeastern University
Law schools in Massachusetts
Educational institutions established in 1898
1898 establishments in Massachusetts |
4015141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge-transfer%20amplifier | Charge-transfer amplifier | The charge-transfer amplifier (CTA) is an electronic amplifier circuit. Also known as transconveyance amplifiers, CTAs amplify electronic signals by dynamically conveying charge between capacitive nodes in proportion to the size of a differential input voltage. By appropriately selecting the relative node capacitances, voltage amplification occurs by the charge-voltage relationship of capacitors. CTAs are clocked, or sampling, amplifiers. They consume zero static power and can be designed to consume (theoretically) arbitrarily low dynamic power, proportional to the size of input signals being sampled. CMOS technology is most commonly used for implementation. CTAs were introduced in memory circuits in the 1970s, and more recently have been applied in multi-bit analog-to-digital converters (ADCs). They are also used in dynamic voltage comparator circuits.
See also
Comparator
Mixed-signal integrated circuit
Charge amplifier
Electronic amplifiers |
4015145 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20DeWitt%20Burton | Ernest DeWitt Burton | Ernest DeWitt Burton (February 4, 1856 – May 26, 1925) was an American biblical scholar and president of the University of Chicago.
Biography
Burton was born in Granville, Ohio and graduated from Denison University in 1876. After graduating from Rochester Theological Seminary in 1882, he studied in Germany at Leipzig and Berlin, then taught at seminaries in Rochester and Newton (1882–1892). Burton was then appointed chief of the department of New Testament literature and interpretation at the University of Chicago and in 1897 was named editor of the American Journal of Theology. Burton was president of the Chicago Society of Biblical Research in 1906–1907. He served as the third president of the University of Chicago from 1923 until his death from cancer in 1925.
Publications
Burton notably wrote with Shailer Mathews, Constructive Studies in the Life of Christ (1901) and Principles and Ideals of the Sunday School (1903), and with J. M. P. Smith and G. B. Smith he wrote Biblical Ideas of Atonement (1909).
Works
- Originally published under the title Constructive Studies in the Life of Christ
- contains "The published writings of Ernest De Witt Burton": pages 153-159
References
External links
Guide to the University of Chicago Office of the President, Harper, Judson and Burton Administrations Records 1869-1925 at the University of Chicago Special Collections Research Center
1856 births
1925 deaths
Academic journal editors
American biblical scholars
American theologians
Colgate Rochester Crozer Divinity School alumni
Critics of the Christ myth theory
Denison University alumni
New Testament scholars
People from Granville, Ohio
Presidents of the University of Chicago
University of Chicago faculty |
4015146 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pier%20Arts%20Centre | Pier Arts Centre | The Pier Arts Centre is an art gallery and museum in Stromness, Orkney, Scotland. It was established in 1979 to provide a home for an important collection of fine art donated to "be held in trust for Orkney" by the author, peace activist and philanthropist Margaret Gardiner (1904–2005). Alongside the permanent collection the Centre curates a year-round programme of changing exhibitions and events.
History
18th and 19th centuries
The buildings occupied by The Pier Arts Centre are firmly rooted in the history of Orkney. The house fronting the street was built in the 18th century, and during much of the 19th century was occupied by Edward Clouston, a prosperous merchant and Agent of the Hudson's Bay Company. On the pier behind the house Clouston erected stores and offices. On the first floor of his house, he had a finely panelled drawing room, furnished with books, family portraits and a pianoforte.
The arrival early each summer of the Hudson's Bay Company ships en route for Canada was a social highlight in Stromness. In June 1840 Mr and Mrs Clouston entertained for a week a party of ladies travelling to join their husbands in the Hudson's Bay Company. Their daughter, Anne Rose married Augustus Edward Pelly of Montreal, a relative of John Henry Pelly, governor of the Hudson's Bay Company from 1822 to 1852, and of the Bank of England in 1841–42.
In 1872 the premises came into the possession of John Aim Shearer, whose general merchant's business was to last nearly 100 years. In the late 19th century Stromness was a flourishing centre of the herring fishing. J. A. Shearer erected a shop across the street from his house, and on the pier established a cooperage. At this time most trade with the east coast of Scotland was carried on by local trading vessels and Shearer's schooners, Maggie, Janet, Mary Ann and Minnie, three of them named after his daughters, were a familiar sight discharging their cargoes at the end of the pier.
20th century to the present
The herring boom passed and by 1918 all Shearer's schooners were gone – three of them lost at sea; the pier became a quiet backwater. It remained thus until the Second World War, when the upper part of the pier store was requisitioned by the Royal Engineers as a base for planning the many army camps and installations required in the area. Later the upper floor was used as a dwelling. Between 1965 and 1971 the property was split between three owners. The main dwelling and part of the pier building became a private lodging house and hostel. In 1977 The Pier Arts Centre Trust purchased the original dwelling and the pier store.
Margaret Gardiner had first visited Orkney in the 1950s and converted the old quayside building to house her collection of modern paintings and sculpture. Born into a well-to-do family Gardiner studied at Cambridge University before a brief spell as a teacher. She was an early activist against the fascist movement in the 1930s and in the 1960s organised an international press campaign of public figures against the Vietnam War. The author of several books including a biography of Barbara Hepworth she was also associated with some of the major figures in 20th century literature including Louis MacNeice and W. H. Auden.
Although never happy to be called a collector – "I hate being called a collector, for I never set out to collect" – Gardiner gathered together, through friendship and astute patronage, a very personal and important collection of art that closely charts the development of British Modernism. Gardiner's interest in art was deeply influenced by her long friendship with the Hepworth and through this friendship she came into contact with many of the principal figures in 20th century British art, including Hepworth's second husband, Ben Nicholson.
Throughout the 1930s and 40s Gardiner was a key supporter of the small group of artists who sought sanctuary in St Ives and she was also an early champion of the Cornish painter and seaman Alfred Wallis. Following the Second World War she encountered and encouraged a new generation of artists, including Peter Lanyon, Patrick Heron, Terry Frost, Margaret Mellis, John Wells and Roger Hilton, that had been drawn to St Ives by its growing reputation as a centre of innovation.
The Collection has grown steadily since 1979 and now contains over 180 works, grouped around the central genre of Modernism, spanning the period from 1929 to the present day. Most recently work by international contemporary artists, including Sean Scully, Eva Rothschild, Martin Boyce, Camilla Løw and Olafur Eliasson, has been acquired.
Architecture
The Pier Arts Centre re-emerged in July 2007 following a two-year period of construction. The original listed buildings and pier, that had housed the office and stores of the Hudson's Bay Company, have been extended by Reiach & Hall Architects who have created a new building at the harbour's edge.
Artists in the collection
Roger Ackling
Robert Adams
Kenneth Armitage
Adam Barker-Mill
Wilhelmina Barns-Graham
Julius Bissier
Sandra Blow
Martin Boyce
Michael Broido
Stanley Cursiter
Alan Davie
Robyn Denny
Katy Dove
Olafur Eliasson
Ian Hamilton Finlay
Lesley Foxcroft
Mark Francis
Terry Frost
Naum Gabo
William Gear
Robin Gillanders
Douglas Gordon
Barbara Hepworth
Patrick Heron
Roger Hilton
Callum Innes
Alan Johnston
Anish Kapoor
Peter Lanyon
Bet Low
Camilla Low
Steven MacIver
F E McWilliam
Margaret Mellis
Garry Fabian Miller
Mary Newcomb
Ben Nicholson
Simon Nicholson
Eduardo Paolozzi
Serge Poliakoff
Alan Reynolds
Ragna Robertsdottir
Eva Rothschild
Ian Scott
William Scott
Sean Scully
Ross Sinclair
Margaret Tait
Italo Valenti
Keith Vaughan
Alfred Wallis
John Wells
Sylvia Wishart
References
External links
The Pier Arts Centre Website
Art museums and galleries in Scotland
Arts centres in Scotland
Museums in Orkney
Art museums established in 1979
1979 establishments in Scotland
Stromness
Arts organisations based in Scotland
Contemporary art galleries in Scotland |
4015155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20Lee%20Moffitt%20Cancer%20Center%20%26%20Research%20Institute | H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute | Houston Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute is a nonprofit cancer treatment and research center located in Tampa, Florida. Established in 1981 by the Florida Legislature, the hospital opened in October 1986 on the University of South Florida's campus. Moffitt is one of two National Cancer Institute-designated Comprehensive Cancer Centers based in Florida. In 2021, U.S. News & World Report ranked Moffitt Cancer Center as a top 30 cancer hospital in the United States.
History
Funding for construction of the initial $70 million facility came primarily from the state of Florida's cigarette tax, while the momentum to create the center came from a cadre of legislators, physicians, educators, and business leaders who envisioned a new dimension of cancer care and research in Florida.
In late 1978, H. Lee Moffitt, a Florida state representative, recognized the need for a comprehensive cancer center within the state after several friends died from cancer. An excellent negotiator, Moffitt put his plan into motion by first proposing the idea to Hollis Boren, then dean of the University of South Florida College of Medicine. Over lunch at the Tampa Club, Moffitt proposed his idea. By dessert, Boren has signed on. "Out of that discussion came plans for a plug-shaped, multilevel cancer research teaching hospital to be built a short walk away from the USF clinics," The Tampa Times reported on February 5, 1979. Moffitt and Boren had gathered information about the need for a comprehensive cancer center, the article said, and the need was great.
Moffitt sought community support and convinced the State Legislature to fund the facility. During the center's planning phase, consultants associated with NCI-designated Cancer Centers were retained to ensure that the finished facility would be as technologically advanced and as efficiently designed as possible.
Groundbreaking ceremonies took place in January 1983. The center was incorporated in the spring of 1984 and was named for Houston Lee Moffitt, then Speaker of the State House of Representatives. The building was dedicated in October 1986 and admitted its first patients that same month.
In 1990, the acquisition of the Research Center building across from the Cancer Center enhanced the recruitment of scientists, clinicians, and support staff, and expanded Moffitt's vision beyond the original structure. The Moffitt Research Center became the focal point for basic and translational cancer research with the overriding goal to produce discoveries that could be translated quickly from the bench to the patient's bedside. The Florida Legislature allocated $12 million for renovation and equipment for this structure, and the Moffitt Research Center became fully operational in 1995. In 1999, of basic research lab space was added to the Moffitt Research Center at a cost of $11 million to house the growing need for additional scientists.
In 2022 the Florida Legislature approved more than $706 million for a new H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center and Research Institute campus in Pasco County. $600 million in state funding will be distributed in yearly in $20 million yearly increments for each of the next 30 years.
Organization
On June 10, 1998, in a ceremonial signing at Moffitt, Florida governor Lawton Chiles approved a legislative initiative to fund construction of the Moffitt Tower Project, which opened in April 2003, adding more than of new space. This expansion includes the Vincent A. Stabile Research Building, eponymously named in recognition of the largest private donation ever made to the Cancer Center. The new construction also includes an expansion of the Moffitt Clinic. In addition to new research laboratories, which nearly double the cancer center's research capabilities, the new facilities include a digital imaging center, and a new infusion center.
In 1991, John Ruckdeschel, assumed the position of center director, president and CEO. Under Ruckdeschel's leadership, Moffitt became a National Cancer Institute (NCI) Comprehensive Cancer Center. In 2017, the NCI renewed Moffitt's Cancer Center Support Grant for another five years. Currently Moffitt receives more than $50 million annually in peer-reviewed grant monies.
In 2002, Ruckdeschel stepped down, and William Dalton, became Moffitt's third president, CEO and center director.
In 2008, the University of Florida and Shands at UF formed a partnership with Moffitt to develop programs in cancer care, research and prevention.
In 2009, the University of South Florida and Moffitt were awarded $6 million in federal grant money to create the Center for Equal Health, a five-year partnership focused on addressing issues of cancer health disparities.
Scientific programs include molecular oncology;, drug discovery; immunology; experimental therapeutics; computational biology of cancer; health outcomes; and behavior and risk assessment, detection and intervention. It also serves as the site for the Bill and Beverly Young National Functional Genomics Center, funded by the U.S. Department of Defense.
Moffitt Cancer Center is affiliated with the University of South Florida Morsani College of Medicine, and provides education to medical students and residency training as well.
On June 24, 2011, Moffitt Cancer Center opened the first blood and marrow transplant (BMT) clinic in Puerto Rico.
On July 1, 2011, Moffitt Cancer Center opened a new 50,000-square-foot satellite facility at International Plaza. The building replaced Moffitt's former outpatient center at Tampa General Hospital.
In July 2012, William Dalton, became the CEO of M2Gen and Moffitt's new Personalized Medicine Institute. Alan List, who previously served as Moffitt's executive vice president/physician-in-chief and president of the Moffitt Medical Group, succeeded Dalton as CEO and president. Thomas Sellers assumed the role of center director.
In February 2013, Moffitt began construction of a $74.2 million outpatient facility on the cancer center's 30-acre property on N McKinley Drive, about a mile from Moffitt's main campus.
In November 2015, Moffitt opens the McKinley Outpatient Center. The six-story, 207,000-square-foot facility at 10920 N McKinley Drive is located about a mile from the main campus. Services on the site include the skin and breast cancer clinics, four operating rooms, an imaging suite, research labs, space for blood draws and a Publix pharmacy.
In July 2017, Moffitt and Memorial Healthcare announce a partnership to establish a comprehensive blood and marrow transplant cellular therapy program for South Florida residents. The alliance brings the renowned cancer center's access to research, clinical trials, and comprehensive treatment to leukemia, lymphoma and multiple myeloma patients.
Research and Treatment
Through clinical trials, Jeffrey Weber, director of the Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center at Moffitt, and researchers at Moffitt Cancer Center discovered two monotherapy drugs – Mekinist (trametinib) and Tafinlar (dabrafenib) – can be safely combined to overcome or delay treatment resistance for a large percentage of melanoma patients with a specific gene mutation. Approved by the FDA in January 2014, Mekinist in combination with Tafinlar is one of the biggest advancements in melanoma treatment in the past 30 years.
In August 2011, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the drug vemurafenib (Zelboraf) for metastatic melanoma patients who test positive for a specific gene mutation. Moffitt Cancer Center conducted a registration trial using the drug manufactured by Genentech, a member of the Roche Group.
Anna Giuliano, director of Moffitt's Center for Infection Research in Cancer, led two studies on human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men. Her work strengthened the Food & Drug Administration (FDA) recommendation for boys and men to receive HPV vaccinations and provided useful data for the development of realistic cost-effectiveness models for male HPV vaccination internationally.
In September 2014, a new cancer immunotherapy for melanoma patients called Keytruda became the first anti-PD-1 (programmed death receptor-1) therapy approved in the United States. Jeffrey Weber, director of the Donald A. Adam Comprehensive Melanoma Research Center of Excellence at Moffitt, was one of the lead investigators of the clinical trial which led to the drug receiving breakthrough status from the FDA.
In January 2016, researchers at Moffitt teamed up with the state of Florida in a study to see if making fruits and vegetables available to children who otherwise may not have them readily available can decrease their risk of cancer.
In October 2017, the Food and Drug Administration announced the approval of Yescarta™, a revolutionary new immunotherapy for adult patients with diffuse large B cell lymphoma, a form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma. Yescarta is a Chimeric Antigen Receptor (CAR) T cell therapy, also known as CAR-T. Moffitt Cancer Center's Frederick Locke, is the co-lead investigator of the pivotal ZUMA-1 clinical trial that tested the new therapy, which is manufactured by Kite, a Gilead company.
Notable patients
Keylla Hernandez (1973-2018), Puerto Rican television reporter
Locations
Moffit Cancer Center is located on the campus of the University of South Florida in north Tampa. The center includes the hospital, Muriel Rothman Building (clinic), Vincent A. Stabile Research Building and the Moffitt Research Center.
Moffitt at International Plaza is a 50,000-square-foot full service outpatient facility near Tampa International Airport. The facility includes physician office visits, infusion services, radiation and radiology.
Moffitt Cancer Center Prevention Research, Fowler Campus, located in north Tampa, is a facility that practices research for prevention and early detection of cancer.
The Richard M. Schulze Family Foundation Outpatient Center at McKinley Campus, 10920 N. McKinley Drive, includes the breast and skin cancer clinics, infusion center, research labs and four surgery suites.
Moffitt Malignant Hematology & Cellular Therapy at Memorial Healthcare System, 801 N. Flamingo Road, Pembroke Pines, FL, provides a comprehensive Blood and Marrow Transplant Cellular Therapy Program for South Florida residents.
Recognition
From 1999 to 2019, Moffitt has been ranked one of "America's Best Hospitals" for cancer by U.S. News & World Report.
In 2014, Becker's Hospital Review includes Moffitt in the 100 Accountable Care Organizations to Know.
In 2015, Moffitt earned a Magnet designation for nursing excellence, granted by the American Nurses Credentialing Center (ANCC), the credentialing body of the American Nurses Association.
In 2015, Becker's Hospital Review recognizes Moffitt's president and CEO Dr. Alan List in its "100 Physician Leaders of Hospitals and Health Systems."
Moffitt Cancer Center was named 2017 Nonprofit of the Year by the Tampa Bay Business Journal. Moffitt was also recognized as the category winner in the Health & Human Services category.
In 2018, Moffitt was named LGBTQ Healthcare Equality Leader by the Human Rights Campaign Foundation. The cancer center was also named one of Working Mother Magazine's 100 Best Companies for 10th time.
See also
University of South Florida
University of South Florida College of Medicine
References
External links
Moffitt Cancer Center, Corporate Site
Hospital buildings completed in 1986
Hospitals in Florida
Cancer organizations based in the United States
University of Florida
University of South Florida
Medical research institutes in Florida
Cancer hospitals
1986 establishments in Florida
NCI-designated cancer centers |
4015159 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julian%20Thew | Julian Thew | Julian "Yoyo" Thew is an English professional poker player based in Nottingham, Nottinghamshire.
Thew received his nickname when fellow players told him that his chipstack goes up and down like a yo-yo.
Thew has made ten finishes in the money on the European Poker Tour (EPT) to date, including two final tables during its first season, and winning the Baden bei Wien event in season four which paid him € 670,800.
He has also won three £1,000 GUKPT titles, the 2008 $5000 Venetian Deepstack Main Event & the 2011 £1000 Monte Carlo event at Dusk Till Dawn, Nottingham.
On Sunday 16 October 2011 he won his third GUKPT title at the G Casino in Coventry, winning £42,740 and becoming the first player to win three GUKPT titles. Fittingly, it was also his birthday.
As of 2011, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,600,000. He is sponsored by Sky Poker.
External links
Official blog
PokerNews interview
BlondePoker interview
Poker425 interview
PokerVerdict interview
Julian Thew sponsorship announcement
Hendon Mob tournament results
English poker players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
European Poker Tour winners |
4015164 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franconia%20College | Franconia College | Franconia College was a small experimental liberal arts college in Franconia, New Hampshire, United States. It opened in 1963 in Dow Academy and the site of the Forest Hills Hotel on Agassiz Road, and closed in 1978, after years of declining enrollment and increasing financial difficulties.
A small, eclectic faculty provided a diverse education. Areas of studies included the fine arts, architecture, performing arts, languages, law, and business.
History
Franconia College opened in the former Dow Academy buildings as a two-year college in 1963 with nine founding staff members; the school began granting four-year degrees in 1965. The school was accredited by the New England Association of Schools and Colleges.
1960s
The school first gained national attention in 1968 when William Loeb, publisher of the Manchester Union Leader, vilified the students for behavior that included unmarried persons of the opposite sex sleeping together. The headline "Bare Debauchery at Franconia College: Sex, Liquor, Drugs Rampant on Campus" made the front page of the newspaper the same day a larger, main headline announced the assassination of Martin Luther King Jr.
While the article was believed to be exaggerated, nine students were arrested in a marijuana raid that spring, and a cascade of changes happened at the school. College president Richard Ruopp resigned at the demand of the board of trustees in April, then the board let two teachers' contracts lapse against a faculty committee recommendation to rehire them. The teachers and staff responded in July with mass resignations, leaving the college with half the number of staff it had at the beginning of the 1967–68 year. At the time, the school was running $100,000 per year in debt and the school's mortgage was threatened with foreclosure. In an attempt to ease its financial straits, the school made its grounds available as a weekend ski lodge the following winter.
1970s
Franconia College again gained national attention in 1970, when 23-year-old Leon Botstein became the youngest college president in the country. After securing $800,000 in federal grants, Botstein oversaw new construction including three small dormitories and a student union.
In 1976, the college appeared on a segment of ABC Evening News with president Ira Goldenberg, economics professor George Wheeler and two students discussing the experiences and responsibility learned at Franconia.
Honorary degrees were conferred on Muhammad Ali and Kenneth Clark in 1977.
Franconia College closed due to bankruptcy in January 1978. According to former dean of students and director of housing and counseling services Rich Colfer, every student who contacted counseling services during the closure was placed at another college.
After Franconia College closed, the School of Human Services program moved to New Hampshire College (now Southern New Hampshire University). The program currently resides at Springfield College.
Campus
Situated north of the White Mountain National Forest, the college provided easy access for students to the outdoor sporting activities for which the North Country is most famous. Several students lived in their own tents and tepees in the nearby woods.
The college initially used the former Dow Academy buildings. The trustees of Franconia College purchased the former Forest Hills Hotel property in 1960. The hotel had been in operation since its construction in 1882 and had been donated to the University of New Hampshire in 1956. Other buildings in town were used as classrooms and dorms.
In June 1978, the campus was offered for sale at auction but failed to sell at that time. The main hotel building was torn down in 1985, and the former college president's house, known as "The Lodge" when built in 1892, opened as a bed and breakfast called The Inn At Forest Hills in 1993. The forested areas of the hotel property were subdivided into building lots. In the village, the Dow Academy buildings turned into condominiums and Dow Field into a town recreational area.
In November 2019, the state's Division of Historical Resources installed New Hampshire Historical Marker No. 263 along NH Route 142 in Franconia at the site of the college.
Students
Enrollment
1963: 75
1965: 200
1968: 325
1970: 250
1972: 400
1978: 185
Faculty
The nine founding staff members included Richard S. Roupp, later president of the college, Robert Greenway, Peter Elbow, and Nicholas Howe. Notable faculty included Eliot Coleman, who taught Spanish, and Nancy L. Walker, a widely published and award-winning creative nonfictionist. After the closure of Franconia, Walker became Professor of English and Director of Composition at Missouri State University in Springfield. The influential poet Robert Grenier taught at the college in the early 1970s. Other notable faculty included Mike Wallace, Peter Linebaugh, and Jerome Corsi in history, David Kettler in political science, and Michael Dorris in anthropology.
Extracurricular activities
The physics department sponsored a student UFO Study Group. In 1975, three student members contacted and interviewed Betty Hill.
Curriculum
Part of Franconia College's oeuvre (body of work) was alternative education classes that were the object of study in developing new ways to teach that gave more individualized instruction and more varied opportunities. There were no required courses, no formal academic departments, and no grades. Degrees were granted after students demonstrated competence in their fields to a faculty committee.
In 1975, a group of students from the University of Pittsburgh Alternative Curriculum program toured several New England schools that were offering new and progressive programs, including Franconia College. Several students were invited to come back for a special summer session that included classes for "Sugar Maple Woodlot Management" and "Auto Mechanics". Teachers with local professional experience offered hands-on education and experience with tools of the trade and actual work experience, such as the basics of auto tune-ups, as well as learning how to evaluate a woodlot for the healthiest growth of the trees. Students learned how to safely work on cars and use a chain saw to thin the sugar maple woodlots, as well as learning how to tap a tree and how to protect oneself from the notorious black flies. One of the students reports that she was able to use the skills and experience learned in the auto mechanics class to hire on as a Journeyman marine machinist repairing diesel engines onboard Navy ships in Alameda, California.
In 1975, that same year, the college was denied a US$560,000 federal grant to support an experimental cooperative project with a local school district that met with opposition by both Governor Meldrim Thomson, Jr. and the Manchester Union Leader.
Notable alumni
Ron Androla, poet
Mark Beyer, artist
Henry Corra, filmmaker
Tim Costello (1945–2009), labor and anti-globalization advocate and author
Lenny Feinberg, documentary film maker
Jamaica Kincaid, novelist
Aurora Levins Morales, writer, historian and activist
Andy Statman, musician
Steven "Steinski" Stein, musician
Marc Steiner, radio talk show host and founder, Center for Emerging Media
Bill Talen, actor and activist AKA Reverend Billy
Jeff Zinn, actor, director, author
References
External links
Franconia College Pages
WBUR: Franconia College: Attempt At Utopia, Or Unwelcome Counterculture Outpost?
Educational institutions disestablished in 1978
Defunct private universities and colleges in New Hampshire
Educational institutions established in 1963
Buildings and structures in Grafton County, New Hampshire
1963 establishments in New Hampshire
Franconia, New Hampshire |
4015167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricky%20Gardiner | Ricky Gardiner | Ricky Gardiner (31 August 1948 – 13 May 2022) was a Scottish guitarist and composer.
Biography
Gardiner joined his first band, the Vostoks, at school in 1962. Next there were the Kingbees and the System, with whom he formed Beggars Opera in 1969.
He played in his own outfit with this band, Beggars Opera, and also with friends David Bowie and Iggy Pop. For Bowie he played lead guitar on the 1977 album Low. For Pop he worked on his album Lust for Life the same year: the issue included "The Passenger", regarded as one of Pop's best songs, for which Gardiner composed the music. Bowie biographer David Buckley described it as being "possessed with one of the greatest riffs of all time".
On 19 October 1977, Gardiner was selected by Tony Visconti to play guitar for the pre-recorded backing of Bowie's performance on "Heroes" on the BBC's Top of the Pops. The recording was made at Good Earth Studios in Soho, London with Bowie, Visconti, and pianist Sean Mayes. Gardiner emulated Robert Fripp's guitar sound by using feedback as he had not realised an EBow had been used: "I was asked to reproduce Robert Fripp's line", he told Stephen Dalton in 2001, "I did not realise at the time that he [Fripp] had used an EBow. I did my best using feedback alone. As we went through the song, my amplifier started dying. As the song finished, so did the amp.".
From the 1970s, Gardiner played and composed in a variety of music styles, including ambient, classical, and rock.
In 2017, photographs Gardiner took at the Château d'Hérouville, during the making of David Bowie's Low album in 1977, were included in a hardcover book that accompanied the vinyl and CD box set of A New Career in a New Town (1977–1982), alongside photographs by Anton Corbijn, Helmut Newton, Andrew Kent, Steve Shapiro,
Duffy, and others.
Gardiner said that he suffered from electromagnetic hypersensitivity, which he believed he contracted through exposure to high levels of computer radiation and magnetic fields.
Gardiner died on 13 May 2022, aged 73, after a long battle with Parkinson's disease.
References
External links
An interview with Gardiner
Personal website
1948 births
2022 deaths
20th-century Scottish male musicians
21st-century Scottish male musicians
Scottish male guitarists
Progressive rock musicians
People educated at Craigmount School
Musicians from Edinburgh |
4015178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20the%20Blessed%20Virgin%20Mary%20of%20Mercy | Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy | The Royal, Celestial and Military Order of Our Lady of Mercy and the Redemption of the Captives (, abbreviated O. de M.), also known as the Mercedarians, is a Catholic mendicant order established in 1218 by Peter Nolasco in the city of Barcelona, at that time in the Crown of Aragon, for the redemption of Christian captives. Its members are most commonly known as Mercedarian friars or nuns. One of the distinguishing marks of the Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy is that, since its foundation, its members are required to take a fourth vow: to die, if necessary, for another who is in danger of losing their faith. The Order exists today in 17 countries.
General background
Between the eighth and the fifteenth centuries, medieval Europe was in a state of intermittent warfare between the Christian kingdoms of southern Europe and the Muslim polities of North Africa, Southern France, Sicily and Moorish portions of Spain. According to James W. Brodman, the threat of capture, whether by pirates or coastal raiders, or during one of the region's intermittent wars, was a continuous threat to residents of Catalonia, Languedoc and the other coastal provinces of medieval Christian Europe. Raids by militias, bands and armies from both sides were an almost annual occurrence.
For over 600 years, these constant armed confrontations produced numerous war prisoners on both sides. Islam's captives were reduced to the state of slaves since they were considered war booty. In the lands of Visigothic Spain, both Christian and Muslim societies had become accustomed to the buying and selling of captives, so much so that tenth-century Andalusian merchants formed caravans to purchase slaves in Eastern Europe. In the thirteenth century, in addition to spices, slaves constituted one of the goods of the flourishing trade between Christian and Muslim ports.
Starting before the First Crusade, many hospices and hospitals were organized by the chapters of cathedrals or by the monastic orders. Within the communal organizations of towns, local charitable institutions such as almshouses were established by confraternities or guilds, or by successful individual laymen concerned with the welfare of their souls.
Broader-based and aristocratically-funded charitable institutions were more prominent, and the episodes of aristocratic and even royal ransom and its conditions, were the subject of chronicle and romance. The knights of the original Order of St John—the Knights Hospitaller—and the Templars in their origins are well known, and the impact of their organized charity upon the religious values of the High Middle Ages.
Peter Nolasco
Sources for the origins of the Mercedarians are scant and almost nothing is known of the founder, Peter Nolasco. A narrative developed between the 15th and early 17th centuries that culminated in Nolasco's canonization as a saint in 1628.
All the biographers agree that, at some point in his youth, Nolasco became concerned with the plight of Christians captured in Moorish raids and that he decided to establish a religious order to succor these unfortunates. Nolasco began ransoming Christian captives in 1203. After fifteen years of work, he and his friends saw that the number of captives was growing day by day. His plan was to establish a well-structured and stable redemptive religious order under the patronage of Blessed Mary.
Foundation of the Order
The Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy (or the Order of Merced, O.Merc., Mercedarians, the Order of Captives, or the Order of Our Lady of Ransom) was one of many dozens of associations that sprang up in Europe during the 12th and 13th centuries as institutions of charitable works. The work of the Mercedarians was in ransoming impoverished captive Christians (slaves) held in Muslim hands, especially along the frontier that the Crown of Aragon shared with al-Andalus (Muslim Spain).
The Order of Mercy, an early 13th century popular movement of personal piety organized at first by Nolasco, was concerned with ransoming the ordinary men who had not the means to negotiate their own ransom, the "poor of Christ."
Hagiographical origins
From the year 1192 certain noblemen of Barcelona had formed a confraternity for the purpose of caring for the sick in hospitals, and also for rescuing Christian captives from the Moors. Tradition has it that around 1218, Nolasco and King James I of Aragon experienced separately a vision of the Virgin Mary, who asked them to found a religious order dedicated to rescuing the many Christian captives held by the Muslims. Nolasco's confessor, Raymond of Penyafort, a Dominican friar and former canon of Barcelona, encouraged and assisted him in this project; and King James also extended his protection.
On August 10, 1218, the new religious order for the Redemption of Captives was officially constituted at the main altar erected over Eulalia of Barcelona's tomb in the Cathedral of the Holy Cross (also known as the Cathedral of Santa Eulalia) in Barcelona. Bishop Berenguer de Palou gave Nolasco and his companions the white religious habit that they would wear as characteristic of the Order; he put them under the Rule of Saint Augustine as a norm for their life in common and he gave his authorization for the sign of his cathedral, the Holy Cross, to be on the habit of the Order. After that, Nolasco and the first Mercedarians made their religious profession there before the bishop. Their headquarters was the Monastery of St. Eulalia of Barcelona, which served as the first Mercedarian convent and as a house of welcome for redeemed captives.
Documentary records
Reconstructing the Order's beginnings from the documentary record produces a far less detailed story. In this, the year 1218 plays no role. The founder first appears ca. 1226 as a collector of alms in Perpignan. By 1230 he was collecting alms for captives in Barcelona as the head of a small lay confraternity. On August 12, 1230, Maimó Gombal, a resident of Barcelona and a man of some property, directed in his will that 100 Papal States scudi be handed over to Nolasco for the ransoming of captives. The bequest was not unusual, either in amount or intent, for Catalans of this era frequently included this pious good work in their testaments. What sets this particular bequest apart is that it contains the first notice of the redeeming work of Nolasco. Nothing is known about him before his appearance in Maimó's will and only very little afterwards.
During the next six years, the confraternity slowly evolves into a religious order, as members obtain properties in Catalonia. While Nolasco, by all accounts, first established his movement at Barcelona and then on Mallorca, its first acquisitions of note were in the Kingdom of Valencia. Here special circumstances associated with the frontier —an abundance of new land awaiting Christian settlement and an arena for
the practice of charitable ransoming— created an ideal environment for the new Order. Consequently, the preponderance of what Mercedarians came to possess here were lands donated by the king, successful crusaders and other patrons.
In 1236, Pope Gregory IX granted the Mercedarians formal recognition as a religious order under the old Rule of St. Augustine. The small order gained additional members, property and support in the 1250s and 1260s. While evidence is scant, one has to assume that this support came in recognition of the Order's work in ransoming captives in a war zone that remained quite active. The growing pains, however, also caused institutional turmoil, whose outlines can only be glimpsed. The visible result was a reorganization in 1272 by a new master, Pere d'Amer.
James I, whose descendants claimed him to be the Mercedarian founder, had in fact no documented contact with the Order until the late 1230s and early 1240s, at which time he granted formerly Muslim lands in Valencia, especially the Shrine of Santa Maria del Puig, patron saint of the kingdom. It was not until the 1250s that royal patronage becomes evident, when the king granted the Order his guidaticum (a form of diplomatic protection), economic privileges that promoted gifts to the Order, and, at least temporarily, the important shrine of St. Vincent in the City of Valencia. Claims by King James II and Peter IV of a royal foundation of the Order reflected not real history but their own designs upon the Order's financial resources and personnel.
Constitutions of the Mercedarian Order
In the preface of the first Constitutions of the Mercedarian Order of 1272, three key elements referring to the foundation stand out: the name, the founder and the purpose of the Order.
The name with which the Order founded by Nolasco is identified, is mentioned first. Prior to the 1272 Constitutions, the Order had several names among which: Order of Saint Eulalia, Order of the Mercy of Captives, Order of the Redemption of Captives, Order of Mercy. Those of 1272 established a dual patronage: The Order of the Virgin Mary of the Ransom of Captives of St. Eulalia of Barcelona. But the proper and definitive title is: Order of the Virgin Mary of Mercy of the Redemption of Captives. This name, however, does not come into general use until the 1290s and is not codified until the Albertine Constitutions of 1327.
The 1272 Constitutions, further, establish Nolasco as the Order's founder:he has been constituted "servant, messenger, founder and promoter" of the new Institute. Peter Nolasco is the real founder of the Order or the "Procurator of the alms of captives" as defined on March 28, 1219, by the first document referring to him.
Finally, it is clearly specified that the purpose of the Order is "to visit and to free Christians who are in captivity and in power of the Saracens or of other enemies of our Law… By this work of mercy… all the brothers of this Order, as sons of true obedience, must always be gladly disposed to give up their lives, if it is necessary, as Jesus Christ gave up his for us."
Reform
In the 15th century, a movement grew up among the monasteries of the Order seeking a stricter lifestyle, keeping more exactly the Rule of St. Augustine under which the friars live. This spread and gained approval by the Master General of the Order. As a result of the Counter-Reformation, spurred by the Council of Trent (1545-1563), this goal was revived and further developed by Friar John Baptist of the Blessed Sacrament ().
A small community of friars were allowed to open their own monastery under the leadership of Friar John Baptist in 1603. Adopting a simpler form of life and of their religious habit and wearing only sandals, they became known as the Mercedarian Recollects, later as Discalced Mercedarians. They were approved as a semi-autonomous branch of Order by Pope Gregory XV in 1621. They eventually separated and became a fully independent Order.
The fourth vow
Some orders and congregations add particular vows, besides the three vows of religion.
These additional vows are part of the nature of the profession of each order and are permitted by the church. They can be solemn or simple, perpetual or temporary. The Fourth Vow of the Order of Mercy is a Solemn Vow. In accordance with the general principle of a vow, it is an act of the will and an authentic promise, in which the reason for the vow is perfection. It also presupposes a sincere will of obligation in conscience and by virtue of the community.
Fourth vow in the various constitutions
In the First Constitutions of the Order, the American Constitutions (1272): "... all the brothers of the Order must always be gladly disposed to give up their lives, if it is necessary, as Jesus Christ gave up His for us..."
The Albertine Constitutions (1327): "Chapter 28: Surrender of one’s life as hostage in Saracen Territory."
The Zumelian Constitutions (1588): "I will be obedient to you and your successors up to death; and I will remain in person in the power of the Saracens if it be necessary for the Redemption of Christ’s Faithful."
The Madrilene Constitutions (1692) and the Roman Constitutions (1895): "Therefore, we must understand in the first place, that all our religious are committed to the Redemption of Captives in such a way that they must not only always be disposed to carry it out in fact if the Order sends them, but also to collect alms, or if the prelates do select them, to do whatever else may be necessary for the act of redemption to be carried out."
Also in the Madrilene Constitutions: "We declare that this vow is essential because it inseparably constitutes our Order in its nature and substance by virtue of the early institution… and our predecessors have always professed and fulfilled it."
The Constitutions and Norms (1970): "The Mercedarian, urged by Charity, dedicated himself to God by a particular vow in virtue of which he promises to give his own life, if it will be necessary, as Christ did for us, to free from the new forms of slavery the Christians who are in danger of losing their Faith."
The Aquarian Constitutions (1986): "In order to fulfill this mission we, impelled by love, consecrate ourselves to God with a special vow, by virtue of which we promise to give up our lives, as Christ gave his life for us, should it be necessary, in order to save those Christians who find themselves in extreme danger of losing their faith by new forms of captivity."
Our Lady of Ransom
Eventually a feast day was instituted and observed on September 24, first in the religious order, then in Spain and France, and on February 22, 1696 Pope Innocent XII extended it to the entire church. The Mercedarians keep this day as a first class feast, with a vigil, privileged Octave and Proper Office under the title: Solemnitas Descensionis B. Mariæ V. de Mercede.
Patronage
Our Lady of Ransom is the principal patron of Barcelona; the proper Office was extended to Barcelona (1868) and to all Spain (second class, 1883). Sicily took up the old date of the feast (Sunday nearest to August 1) by permission of the Roman Congregation of Rites of August 31, 1805.
In England, Our Lady of Ransom is also venerated as “Our Lady of the Dowry” in the context of a revival of devotion to her “to obtain the rescue of England as Our Lady's Dowry”, i.e., to reverse England's formal separation from the Roman Catholic Church and restore papal supremacy.
In the Philippines, particularly Barangay Mercedes, Catbalogan City, Roman Catholics have been devoted to Nuestra Señora de las Mercedes as their principal patroness, often invoked for protection against Moro raiders.
See also
Scapular of Our Lady of Ransom
Our Lady of Mercy
Trinitarian Order
Santa Maria della Mercede e Sant'Adriano a Villa Albani, Rome
References
Further reading
Murúa, Martín de, Historia General del Pirú, orígen y descendencia de los Incas... Ms. 1616.
Remón, Alonso, Historia General de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced Redención de Cautivos... (2 Vols.), Madrid 1618, 1633.
Vargas, Bernardo de, Chronica Sacri et Militaris Ordinis Beatae Mariae de Mercede Redemptionis Captivorum (2 Vols.), Palermo 1619, 1622.
Molina, Tirso de (Pseud. Fr. Gabriel Téllez), Historia general de la orden de Nuestra Senora de las Mercedes (2 Vols.), (Ms.1636, 1639), Madrid 1973, 1974.
Salmerón, Marcos, Recuerdos históricos y políticos..., Valencia 1646.
Vázquez Núñez, Fr. Guillermo, Manual de historia de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced. Tomo I, Toledo 1931.
Pérez Rodriguez, Fr. Pedro Nolasco, Historia de las misiones mercedarias en América, Madrid 1966.
Brodman, James William: Ransoming Captives in Crusader Spain: The Order of Merced on the Christian-Islamic Frontier, Pennsylvania 1986.
García Oro, José / Portela Silva, Maria José, Felipe II y la Reforma de las Ordenes Redentoras, in: Estudios 200-201 (1998), 5-155.
Taylor, Bruce, Structures of Reform. The Mercedarian Order in the Spanish Golden Age, Leiden 2000, ; 9789004118577.
León Cázares, María del Carmen, Reforma o extinción: Un siglo de adaptaciones de la Orden de Nuestra Señora de la Merced en Nueva España, México 2004, .
Mora González, Enrique, Fe, Libertad, Frontera. Los rescates de la Merced en la España de Felipe II (Redenciones 1575, 1579 y 1583) (Diss.Pontifica Universitá Gregoriana Rom 2012).
Nieländer, Maret, The Mercedarian Order in the Andes in the sixteenth century, Heidelberg 2019.
External links
Homepage for the Order of Our Lady of Mercy in the United States
Homepage of the Mercedarian Order (in Spanish)
1218 establishments in Europe
Christian religious orders established in the 13th century |
4015188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captains%20Courageous%20%281937%20film%29 | Captains Courageous (1937 film) | Captains Courageous is a 1937 Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer adventure film. Based on the 1897 novel of the same name by Rudyard Kipling, the film had its world premiere at the Carthay Circle Theatre in Los Angeles. It was produced by Louis D. Lighton and directed by Victor Fleming. Filmed in black and white, Captains Courageous was advertised by MGM as a coming-of-age classic with exciting action sequences.
Backgrounds and exteriors for the film, which updated the story's setting to the mid-1920s, were shot on location in Port aux Basques, Newfoundland and Shelburne, Nova Scotia in Canada, and Gloucester, Massachusetts in the United States.
Plot
Harvey Cheyne (Freddie Bartholomew) is the spoiled son of American business tycoon Frank Burton Cheyne (Melvyn Douglas). Harvey is shunned by his classmates at a private boarding school, and eventually suspended for bad behavior. His father therefore takes him on a business trip to Europe, travelling there by trans-Atlantic steamship. Mid-passage, Harvey falls overboard in the Grand Banks of Newfoundland. He is rescued by a Portuguese-American fisherman, Manuel Fidello (Spencer Tracy), and taken aboard the fishing schooner "We're Here", from Gloucester, Massachusetts.
Harvey is shocked the schooner's captain, Disko Troop (Lionel Barrymore), intends fishing in the Atlantic for three more months. He fails to persuade the captain to take him back to New York nor can he convince him of his wealth; but Captain Troop offers Harvey temporary crew membership until they return to port. Harvey is reluctant to do real work but eventually accepts. Befriended by Captain Troop's son, Dan (Mickey Rooney), he becomes acclimated to the demanding fishing lifestyle. The We're Here fills with fish they catch. When a prank of Harvey's causes a fish hook to lodge in a crewman's arm, Manuel defends the boy.
In the climactic race back to the Gloucester, Massachusetts port against a rival schooner, the Jennie Cushman, Manuel climbs to the top of the mast to furl the sail. However, the mast cracks and he is plunged into the icy sea, tangled in the rigging that will cut him in half. Manuel speaks to the cook in Portuguese and the cook tells the Captain: All the bottom half of him is gone, and he doesn't want the boy to see. He tells the captain to cut him free from the boat, knowing this will kill him. Harvey crawls out on the wreckage, crying and distraught, while the captain strikes blow after blow after blow with the ax until the rigging finally parts. Manuel kisses the cross around his neck and sinks below the water. The schooner returns to port and Harvey is reunited with his father, who is impressed by his son's maturity. Harvey grieves for Manuel, pushing his father away and wanting to stay on the We're Here, but Disko reassures Cheyne, telling him that there is room in Harvey's heart for both men and that once there he “will find Manuel mighty satisfactory company.” At the church, Harvey lights two candles, one from Manuel to his father and one from him to Manuel. His father overhears Harvey praying that someday he will be with Manuel again and follows the boy to Manuel's dory, floating near the ship. Harvey is inconsolable and begs Cheyne to leave him alone.
The next day, in front of the Fisherman's Memorial, he and his father join the Gloucester community in casting bouquets and wreaths on the outgoing tide in tribute to the men and boys lost during this fishing season. The last shot shows the Cheyne's car, speeding down the road with Manuel's dory on a trailer behind. Through the side window, we see that Harvey is laughing and gesturing, regaling his father with stories of his adventures. Dissolve to a close-up of a smiling Manuel and then to the Fisherman's Memorial.
Cast
Freddie Bartholomew as Harvey Cheyne
Spencer Tracy as Manuel Fidello
Lionel Barrymore as Captain Disko Troop
Melvyn Douglas as Frank Burton Cheyne
Charley Grapewin as Uncle Salters
Mickey Rooney as Dan Troop
John Carradine as "Long Jack"
Oscar O'Shea as Captain Walt Cushman
Jack La Rue as Priest (credited as Jack LaRue)
Walter Kingsford as Dr. Finley
Donald Briggs as Bob Tyler
Sam McDaniel as "Doc" (credited as Sam McDaniels)
Bill Burrud as Charles Jamison (credited as Billy Burrud)
Gladden James as Secretary Cobb (uncredited)
Frank Sully as taxi driver (uncredited)
Billy Gilbert as soda steward (uncredited)
Charles Coleman as Burns, the butler (uncredited)
Lester Dorr as corridor steward (uncredited)
Reception
Frank S. Nugent of The New York Times called the film "another of those grand jobs of movie-making we have come to expect of Hollywood's most prodigal studio. With its rich production, magnificent marine photography, admirable direction and performances, the film brings vividly to life every page of Kipling's novel and even adds an exciting chapter or two of its own." Variety reported that the Kipling story had "been given splendid production, performance, photography and dramatic composition." Harrison's Reports wrote, "Excellent! It is the type of entertainment that audiences will not forget soon, for its spiritual beauty makes a deep impression on one." John Mosher of The New Yorker called it "as rich a film as you will see this spring ... The picture is magnificent as a sketch of storm and struggle on the ocean."
Box office
According to MGM records the film earned $1,688,000 in the US and Canada and $1,445,000 elsewhere resulting in a profit of $355,000.
Awards
Spencer Tracy won the Academy Award for Best Actor for his work in this film. The movie was also nominated for three other Academy Awards:
Best Picture – Louis D. Lighton, producer
Best Film Editing – Elmo Veron
Best Writing, Screenplay – Marc Connelly, John Lee Mahin and Dale Van Every
A VHS edition of the 1937 film was released by MGM Home Video in 1990 followed by Warner Home Video's DVD of the film on January 31, 2006.
The film is recognized by American Film Institute in these lists:
2003: AFI's 100 Years...100 Heroes & Villains:
Manuel Fidello – Nominated Hero
2006: AFI's 100 Years...100 Cheers – #94
In popular culture
Holden Caulfield, protagonist of the 1951 novel The Catcher in the Rye, is thought to look like Harvey Cheyne, as in the book a prostitute tells Caulfield that he looks like the boy who falls off a boat in a film costarring Melvyn Douglas, though the film is not mentioned by name.
The film is considered a classic semi-documentary record of Grand Banks Schooners fishing under sail. The back projection shots of the period fishing schooners under sail are frequently watched by members of the American Sail Training Community for the sailing shots - rather than for the human plot.
Chris Elliott has stated that Captains Courageous was the inspiration for the film Cabin Boy.
See also
Lionel Barrymore filmography
Spencer Tracy filmography
References
External links
1937 films
1930s adventure drama films
American adventure drama films
American black-and-white films
Films scored by Franz Waxman
Films about fishing
Films based on British novels
Films based on works by Rudyard Kipling
Films directed by Victor Fleming
Films featuring a Best Actor Academy Award-winning performance
Films set in Massachusetts
Films set on ships
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Sea adventure films
Seafaring films
Films set in the Atlantic Ocean
1937 drama films
Photoplay Awards film of the year winners
1930s English-language films |
4015193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moffitt | Moffitt | Moffit or Moffitt may refer to:
Geography
Moffit, North Dakota
Mount Moffit, Alaska
People
Athol Moffitt (1914–2007), an eminent Australian jurist
Bill Moffit (1926–2008), American composer
Billie Jean Moffitt, birth name of American tennis player, Billie Jean King
Brett Moffitt, American stock car driver
Donald Moffitt, science fiction writer
Donald L. Moffitt, a Republican member of the Illinois House of Representatives
Ernest Moffitt (1871–1899), an Australian artist
H. Lee Moffitt, cancer survivor who founded the H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute
Hosea Moffitt (1757–1825), a U.S. Representative from New York
Howard Moffitt, builder
Jefferson Moffitt (1887–1954), an American screenwriter and film director
John Moffitt (American football) (born 1986), retired offensive lineman
John Moffitt (athlete) (born 1980), an American track and field athlete
John H. Moffitt (1843–1926), a U.S. Representative from New York
Ken Moffitt (1933–2016), English footballer
Peggy Moffitt (born 1939), a fashion model
Ralph Moffitt (1932–2003), English golfer
Randy Moffitt (born 1948), a former American baseball pitcher
Robert Moffit, Director of the Center for Health Policy Studies at The Heritage Foundation
Ronni Moffitt (1951–1976), an American political activist
Rowan Moffitt, an Australian admiral
Terrie Moffitt, (born 1955), an American clinical psychologist
Thad Moffitt, American racing driver
William Moffitt (1925–1958), British quantum chemist
Organizations
H. Lee Moffitt Cancer Center & Research Institute, University of South Florida, Tampa
Moffitt Library, University of California, Berkeley
Moffitt Royal Commission, a royal commission to investigate the extent and activities of organised crime in the state of New South Wales, Australia
Other uses
Moffitt architecture, the eccentric vernacular architectural style of Howard Moffitt
See also
Moffat (disambiguation)
Moffatt (disambiguation)
Moffett (disambiguation) |
4015201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardman | Hardman | Hardman may refer to:
Hardman (surname)
Places
United States
Hardman, Oregon, an unincorporated community
Hardman, Gilmer County, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
See also
Hardman & Co., a stained glass maker
Hardman Peck, a piano maker
Hardiman |
4015203 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Energetik | Energetik | Energetik () is the name of several rural localities in Russia:
Energetik, Republic of Bashkortostan, a former urban-type settlement in the Republic of Bashkortostan, Russia; since 2004—a rural locality (selo)
Energetik, Orenburg Oblast, a former urban-type settlement in Orenburg Oblast, Russia; since 1999—a settlement
Energetik, a former urban-type settlement in Vladimir Oblast, Russia; since 2006—part of the city of Vladimir |
4015205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubberface | Rubberface | Rubberface is a 1981 television film made for CBC television starring Jim Carrey. Originally titled Introducing... Janet, it was changed to Rubberface for the video release after Carrey's success.
Plot
A funny schoolgirl (Adah Glassbourg) becomes friends with a stand-up comedian called Tony Maroni (Jim Carrey) who is struggling with his career.
Home media
The film was released on DVD on January 23, 2007.
References
External links
1981 films
Canadian comedy films
1981 comedy films
Films about entertainers
CBC Television original films
English-language Canadian films
English-language films |
4015208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Who%20Killed%20Bambi%3F%20%28unfinished%20film%29 | Who Killed Bambi? (unfinished film) | Who Killed Bambi? was to be the first film featuring the punk rock band the Sex Pistols, and was due to be released in 1978. Russ Meyer and then Jonathan Kaplan were due to direct from a script by Roger Ebert and Pistols' manager Malcolm McLaren.
Development
McLaren wanted to use the film as a vehicle for the Sex Pistols to break into the American market as opposed to releasing a single or an album. "The Sex Pistols are not a 'music group'," said McLaren. "They play music and they write songs but they are more of a social event. With a film we can demonstrate very clearly the whole social condition the band came out of and deliver that in its pure and undiluted form to everyone outside the UK."
Some members of the band were fans of Meyer's film Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, and McLaren hired him to make the film. "McLaren was sincere," recalled Meyer. "He was really a zealot. He had fire in his eyes."
Scripting
A script was written by Roger Ebert, who had co written Meyer's Beyond the Valley of the Dolls. Ebert had never heard of the band, and says Meyer told him "We can go wild on this. I've got a couple of big-titted London girls already in mind." (A script had apparently been written by Rene Daalder, but Meyer discarded it.)
The film was intended as a punk rock version of A Hard Day's Night.
Meyer said it was "more on the order of Beyond the Valley of the Dolls. Instead of four girls, I had four boys. It was about this supposedly aging rock star who was prone to go out into the Queen's Reserve, shoot a deer, and then give it to the poor. He was dressed in livery and had a convertible Rolls-Royce."
According to Ebert, "McLaren thought of Meyer as a fascist. Meyer thought of McLaren as a source for money to make an RM film."
The working title was Anarchy in the UK, after one of the band's most famous songs.
Rehearsal
According to Meyer, the sets were built and the film cast. He rehearsed with the Sex Pistols. Meyer found guitarist Steve Jones and drummer Paul Cook "very intelligent, level-headed guys", but thought singer Johnny Rotten and bassist Sid Vicious "were absolutely nuts. Both had an intense hatred for McLaren. They would call me up at two in the morning to say unspeakable horrors about him." Meyer said Rotten "definitely had a charisma" and Vicious embraced the idea of sex scenes between him and Marianne Faithfull (set to play his mother), "but he objected to us showing them shooting up."
Budget
Meyer said "they never really knew" what the budget was "because McLaren had no conception of what it would cost. We did some eight versions of the script... The conception from the beginning was based on a lack of knowledge. And I have to include myself in that."
Meyer says originally McLaren had committed only £150,000 with no expense for the Sex Pistols. Meyer said this would not cover one quarter of the film. However the Sex Pistols' popularity increased, so McLaren could get $300,000 from Warner Bros and an extra amount of money from 20th Century Fox in England to bring finance up to $1 million. "But the budget was like $1.7 million," said Meyer. "Everyone was pulling their hair."
Filming
Filming started in October 1977. Meyer filmed for three days (though no footage involved the band). Then 20th Century Fox withdrew and shooting was abandoned.
Reasons for cancellation
According to Meyer, Grace Kelly "got involved in it. She despises me, and she's an important stockholder at Fox. She was going to pull out all support of Fox in Europe." This was confirmed in media reports at the time.
McLaren said Fox pulled out after reading the screenplay. Ebert says "This seems unlikely because the studio would not have green-lighted the film without reading the script."
Ebert wrote that Meyer said "McLaren had made false promises of financing and was broke. Electricians and others had walked off after not being paid. Meyer himself demanded each week's salary be deposited every Monday morning."
"To get in that situation where you're just the director and not the producer where you can call the shots-it's a very frustrating experience," said Meyer.
Sets that had been built at Bray Studios in Berkshire were destroyed. Meyer and the Sex Pistols both wound up suing each other.
"Too bad it couldn't have been made," said Meyer. "Probably Vicious would still be living."
Great Rock and Roll Swindle
Following Meyer's departure, Jonathan Kaplan was briefly attached to the project.
McLaren eventually made The Great Rock and Roll Swindle with director Julien Temple, the trailer for which included the title shot of a deer being killed. This scene was not, however, in the finished film. A song with the same name is also featured in the film, sung by Edward Tudor-Pole. Additional footage appeared in the 2000 documentary The Filth and the Fury.
In April 2010, Roger Ebert posted the screenplay of Who Killed Bambi? (originally titled Anarchy in the UK) on his blog.
References
External links
The Great Rock and Roll Swindle remembered by McLaren employee Sue Steward
"McLaren & Meyer & Rotten & Vicious & Me", in which scriptwriter Roger Ebert recounts his experiences with the film
Who Killed Bambi? - A screenplay, full screenplay of the proposed film (archived link)
Films directed by Russ Meyer
Punk films
Sex Pistols
Films with screenplays by Roger Ebert
1970s unfinished films |
4015210 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maps%20in%20a%20Mirror | Maps in a Mirror | Maps in a Mirror (1990) is a collection of short stories by American writer Orson Scott Card. Like Card's novels, most of the stories have a science fiction or fantasy theme. Some of the stories, such as "Ender's Game", "Lost Boys", and "Mikal's Songbird" were later expanded into novels. Each of the smaller volumes that make up the larger collection as a whole are centered on a theme or genre. For instance, Volume 1, The Changed Man, reprints several of Card's horror stories. The collection won the Locus Award in 1991.
Publication history
Most of the stories appearing in the book are reprints of stories which were first published in science fiction and fantasy periodicals.
The book has been published as a single large volume, as a two volume set and as a four volume set. However, only the single volume editions contain: “Book 5: Lost Songs, The Hidden Stories”.
Single volume
Maps in a Mirror (1990) Tor Books
Maps in a Mirror (1991) Legend Books
Two volume set
Maps in a Mirror Volume 1 (1992) Legend Books
Maps in a Mirror Volume 2 (1992) Legend Books
Four volume set
The Changed Man (1992) Tor Books
Flux (1992) Tor Books
Monkey Sonatas (1993) Tor Books
Cruel Miracles (1992) Tor Books
Story list
The short stories in this book are:
Book 1 - The Changed Man: Tales of Dread
In the one-volume editions, this section is titled "The Hanged Man: Tales of Dread".
"Eumenides in the Fourth Floor Lavatory"
"Quietus"
"Deep Breathing Exercises"
"Fat Farm"
"Closing the Timelid"
"Freeway Games"
"A Sepulchre of Songs"
"Prior Restraint"
"The Changed Man and the King of Words"
"Memories of My Head"
"Lost Boys"
Book 2 - Flux: Tales of Human Futures
"A Thousand Deaths"
"Clap Hands and Sing"
"Dogwalker"
"But We Try Not to Act Like It"
"I Put My Blue Genes On"
"In the Doghouse"
"The Originist"
Book 3 - Monkey Sonatas: Fables and Fantasies
In the one-volume editions, this section is titled "Maps in a Mirror: Fables and Fantasies".
"Unaccompanied Sonata"
"A Cross-Country Trip to Kill Richard Nixon"
"The Porcelain Salamander"
"Middle Woman"
"The Bully and the Beast"
"The Princess and the Bear"
"Sandmagic"
"The Best Day"
"A Plague of Butterflies"
"The Monkeys Thought 'Twas All in Fun"
Book 4 - Cruel Miracles: Tales of Death, Hope, and Holiness
"Mortal Gods"
"Saving Grace"
"Eye for Eye"
"St. Amy's Tale"
"Kingsmeat"
"Holy"
Book 5 - Lost Songs: The Hidden Stories
"Ender's Game"
"Mikal's Songbird"
"Prentice Alvin and the No-Good Plow"
"Malpractice"
"Follower"
"Hitching"
"Damn Fine Novel"
"Billy's Box"
"The Best Family Home Evening Ever"
"Bicicleta"
"I Think Mom and Dad Are Going Crazy, Jerry"
"Gert Fram"
See also
List of works by Orson Scott Card
Orson Scott Card
References
External links
About the book Maps in a Mirror from Card's website
1990 short story collections
Short story collections by Orson Scott Card
Science fiction short story collections
Fantasy short story collections
Tor Books books |
4015233 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stella%20Ross-Craig | Stella Ross-Craig | Stella Ross-Craig (19 March 1906 – 6 February 2006) was an English illustrator best known as a prolific illustrator of native flora.
Early life and education
Ross-Craig was born in Aldershot in 1906; her parents were Scottish and her father was a chemist. Interested in botany from her youth, she studied at the Thanet Art School and attended drawing classes at the Chelsea Polytechnic.
Career
In 1929, she began work as a botanical illustrator and taxonomist at Kew Gardens and was a contributor to Curtis's Botanical Magazine and Icones Plantarum of William Jackson Hooker. Her work drew the attention of Sir Edward Sailsbury, the director of Kew, who brought her to a publisher.
Drawings of British Plants
The first in Ross-Craig's series Drawings of British Plants was published in 1948. The series was issued as a set of inexpensive paperbacks retailing initially for 6 shillings, a departure from similar books for professionals and wealthy amateurs. The series eventually grew to 31 parts, taking until 1973 to complete and containing over 1300 lithographic plates.
The series contained all the British flowering plants except for the grasses and sedges. She often drew from preserved dried specimens kept at Kew, and she worked in black and white.
Honours and awards
In 1999 Ross-Craig became only the sixth person to receive the Kew International Medal. In 2003, 55 of her originals were exhibited at the Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, when she was aged 95. The works were subsequently exhibited at the Kew Gardens Gallery the next year. Ross-Craig was a Fellow of the Linnean Society from 1948 to 1974. She was awarded the Royal Horticultural Society's Gold Veitch Memorial Medal in 2002.
Personal life
She was married to the botanist, her colleague Joseph Robert Sealy, whom she first met at Chelsea Polytechnic.
References
1906 births
2006 deaths
English botanists
English illustrators
English taxonomists
Botanical illustrators
Women botanists
British women illustrators
Women taxonomists
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Veitch Memorial Medal recipients
People from Aldershot
English people of Scottish descent
English garden writers
English nature writers
English non-fiction outdoors writers
20th-century British botanists
20th-century English painters
20th-century British women artists
20th-century British women scientists |
4015236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pecan%20Pie%20%28film%29 | Pecan Pie (film) | Pecan Pie (2003) is a short film by Michel Gondry, starring Jim Carrey, in which the main character drives around the streets in a bed while singing a song in the style of Elvis Presley. It also features French comic duo Éric et Ramzy as the gas station staff.
It was attached as a bonus clip in the DVD for Eternal Sunshine of the Spotless Mind.
On the October 25, 2014 episode of Saturday Night Live, Jim Carrey performed "Pecan Pie" during the opening monologue.
References
External links
Some screen caps
2003 films
American short films
Films directed by Michel Gondry |
4015242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wonderful%20Music%20of%20Donovan | Wonderful Music of Donovan | Wonderful Music of Donovan is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released by Remember Records (1993) and in Portugal (WMO 90323) in 1996.
History
In 1993, budget label Remember Records issued a compilation of Donovan's 1965 Pye Records recordings and selections from his 1984 album Lady of the Stars. Three years later, Portuguese label Wonderful Music of issued exactly the same compilation as Wonderful Music of Donovan but cut the last two tracks ("Boy for Every Girl" and "Till I See You Again").
Track listing
All tracks by Donovan Leitch, except where noted.
"Catch the Wind" – 3:01
"Colours" – 3:04
"Sunshine Superman" – 4:04
"Turquoise" – 3:39
"Oh Deed I Do" (Bert Jansch) – 2:16
"Belated Forgiveness Plea" – 2:59
"Remember the Alamo" (Jane Bowers) – 3:12
"The War Drags on" (Mick Softley) – 3:42
"Ramblin' Boy" – 2:35
"To Try for the Sun" – 3:46
"The Ballad of a Crystal Man" – 3:18
"Hey Gyp (Dig the Slowness)" – 3:10
"Lady of the Stars" – 4:42
"Season of the Witch" – 5:22
"Living for the Love Light" – 3:44
"Every Reason" – 3:03
External links
Wonderful Music Of Donovan – Donovan Unofficial Site
1993 compilation albums
Donovan compilation albums |
4015246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iber%C3%A1%20Wetlands | Iberá Wetlands | The Iberá Wetlands (, from Guaraní ý berá: "bright water") are a mix of swamps, bogs, stagnant lakes, lagoons, natural slough, and courses of water in the center and center-north of the .
Iberá is one of the most important freshwater reservoirs in South America and the second-largest wetland in the world after Pantanal in Brazil. It is of pluvial origin, with a total area of .
Since 1982, part of the wetland is included within a provincial protected area, the Iberá Provincial Reserve, which comprises about , the largest of such areas in Argentina. There are ongoing plans to further up its protection status to national park.
See also
Iberá Provincial Reserve
References
External links
Rewilding Ibera: Efforts made to save Argentina’s wetlands. Al Jazeera Englisch, January 2021 (video, 4:25 mins)
Wetlands of Argentina
Ramsar sites in Argentina
Geography of Corrientes Province
Guaraní words and phrases
La Plata basin |
4015278 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fyodorovka | Fyodorovka | Fyodorovka may refer to the following places:
Kazakhstan
Fyodorovka, Fyodorov District, Kostanay Region
Fyodorovka, Uzunkol District, Kostanay Region
Fyodorovka, West Kazakhstan Region
Russia
Fyodorovka, Russia, several inhabited localities
Ukraine
Fedorovka, Ukraine |
4015296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/London%20%28William%20Blake%20poem%29 | London (William Blake poem) | "London" is a poem by William Blake, published in Songs of Experience in 1794. It is one of the few poems in Songs of Experience that does not have a corresponding poem in Songs of Innocence. Blake lived in London so writes of it as a resident rather than a visitor. The poems reference the "Two Contrary States of the Human Soul". The "Songs of Innocence" section contains poems which reference love, childhood and nature. Critics have suggested that the poems illustrate the effects of modernity on people and nature, through the discussion of dangerous industrial conditions, child labour, prostitution and poverty.
Poem
I wander thro’ each charter’d street,
Near where the charter’d Thames does flow.
And mark in every face I meet
Marks of weakness, marks of woe.
In every cry of every Man,
In every Infants cry of fear,
In every voice: in every ban,
The mind-forg’d manacles I listen
How the Chimney-sweepers cry
Every blackning Church appalls,
And the hapless Soldiers sigh
Runs in blood down Palace walls
But most thro’ midnight streets I hear
How the youthful Harlots curse
Blasts the new-born Infants tear
And blights with plagues the Marriage hearse
Analysis of the poem
This poem is taken from “songs of experience”. It reveals the poet's feelings towards the society in which he lived. England in the 1800s became very oppressive, influenced by fears over the French Revolution. Laws began to be imposed which restricted the freedom of individuals. At first, Blake loved London, writing about “golden London and her silver Thames, throng’d with shining spires and corded ships”(Poetical Sketches), but after the French Revolution, the British government began to oppress the civil democratic activities, making London quite different from before: "everything was covered with darkness, terrors and miseries.” (Zhan,2013). Thus he shows a negative picture of London, and offers social criticism of 18th-century England. An Acrostic can be found in the third stanza. The word "Hear" is spelled out in the first letters of each line. This acrostic is foreshadowed in the last word of the second stanza.
Themes
Lack of freedom
Sources for the lack of freedom
Downfall of London.
Literary techniques
Polyptoton - "mark in every face I meet, // Marks of weakness, marks of woe.
Structure – four quatrains with alternate lines rhyming. ABABCDCD
Alliteration – “weakness, marks of woe”
Oxymoron – Marriage hearse
Repetition:
“chartered” – shows the inability to escape and reflects the suffocating atmosphere of the London city.
“cry” – shows the suffering of both adults and children in London.
Publishing
Songs of Innocence and Experience was originally hand-printed and illustrated by Blake in 1794. Punctuation: as can be seen in the image, there are capital letters, commas, and full stops (periods). Using these as a guide, the poem read as transcribed above when first attached to the image by Blake. The text appears with some alterations and/or additions to its punctuation in later iterations—19th through 21st-century anthologies, reviews, etc. Was Blake ever the individual making such changes, or was it always later editors and publishers?
Allusions
Blake suggests that the experience of living there could encourage a revolution on the streets of the capital. This could have been influenced by the recent French Revolution. The use of the word "chartered" is ambiguous and goes against control and ownership. It may express the political and economic control that Blake considered London to be enduring at the time of his writing. Blake's friend Thomas Paine had criticised the granting of Royal Charters to control trade as a form of class oppression. However, "chartered" could also mean "freighted" and may refer to the busy or overburdened streets and river or to the licensed trade carried on within them. In the original draft, the word used was simply "dirty" ("I wander through each dirty street / Near where the dirty Thames does flow"). Blake makes reference to the "Blackening church" suggesting that the church as an institution is not only physically blackening from the soot of London, but is actually rotting from the inside, insinuating severe corruption. Blake created the idea of the poem from using a semantic field of unhappiness. This is presented through the verbs 'curse', 'cry' and 'sigh'.
Adaptations
Ralph Vaughan Williams set the poem to music in his 1958 song cycle Ten Blake Songs.
The poem was set to music in 1965 by Benjamin Britten as part of his song cycle Songs and Proverbs of William Blake.
The poem was set to music in 1987 by Tangerine Dream on their album Tyger; the album is based on the poems of William Blake.
"London" also inspired the opening lines of The Verve's 1995 single "History".
Sparklehorse adapted the poem into music in a single, which was also named after it.
References
External links
A Comparison of the original hand-painted copies of "London" available from the William Blake Archive
William Blake's London by Lethargica. The Internet Archive. Retrieved 07/05/2008.
The Poem 'London' main theme of the 'London' by William Blake.
1794 poems
Songs of Innocence and of Experience
Works about London
Poems about cities
Culture associated with the River Thames |
4015299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nominal%20Pipe%20Size | Nominal Pipe Size | Nominal Pipe Size (NPS) is a North American set of standard sizes for pipes used for high or low pressures and temperatures. "Nominal" refers to pipe in non-specific terms and identifies the diameter of the hole with a non-dimensional number (for example – 2-inch nominal steel pipe" consists of many varieties of steel pipe with the only criterion being a outside diameter). Specific pipe is identified by pipe diameter and another non-dimensional number for wall thickness referred to as the Schedule (Sched. or Sch., for example – "2-inch diameter pipe, Schedule 40"). NPS is often incorrectly called National Pipe Size, due to confusion with the American standard for pipe threads, "national pipe straight", which also abbreviates as "NPS". The European and international designation equivalent to NPS is DN (diamètre nominal/nominal diameter/Nennweite), in which sizes are measured in millimetres, see ISO 6708. The term NB (nominal bore) is also frequently used interchangeably with DN.
In March 1927 the American Standards Association authorized a committee to standardize the dimensions of wrought steel and wrought iron pipe and tubing. At that time only a small selection of wall thicknesses were in use: standard weight (STD), extra-strong (XS), and double extra-strong (XXS), based on the iron pipe size (IPS) system of the day. However these three sizes did not fit all applications. Also, in 1939, it was hoped that the designations of STD, XS, and XXS would be phased out by schedule numbers, however those original terms are still in common use today (although sometimes referred to as standard, extra-heavy (XH), and double extra-heavy (XXH), respectively). Since the original schedules were created, there have been many revisions and additions to the tables of pipe sizes based on industry use and on standards from API, ASTM, and others.
Stainless steel pipes, which were coming into more common use in the mid 20th century, permitted the use of thinner pipe walls with much less risk of failure due to corrosion. By 1949 thinner schedules 5S and 10S, which were based on the pressure requirements modified to the nearest BWG number, had been created, and other "S" sizes followed later. Due to their thin walls, the smaller "S" sizes can not be threaded together according to ASME code, but must be fusion welded.
Application
Based on the NPS and schedule of a pipe, the pipe outside diameter (OD) and wall thickness can be obtained from reference tables such as those below, which are based on ASME standards B36.10M and B36.19M. For example, NPS 14 Sch 40 has an OD of and a wall thickness of . However, the NPS and OD values are not always equal, which can create confusion.
For NPS to 12, the NPS and OD values are different. For example, the OD of an NPS 12 pipe is actually . To find the actual OD for each NPS value, refer to the tables below. (Note that for tubing, the size indicates actual dimensions, not nominal.)
For NPS 14 and up, the NPS and OD values are equal. In other words, an NPS 14 pipe is actually OD.
The reason for the discrepancy for NPS to 12 inches is that these NPS values were originally set to give the same inside diameter (ID) based on wall thicknesses standard at the time. However, as the set of available wall thicknesses evolved, the ID changed and NPS became only indirectly related to ID and OD.
For a given NPS, the OD stays fixed and the wall thickness increases with schedule. For a given schedule, the OD increases with NPS while the wall thickness stays constant or increases. Using equations and rules in ASME B31.3 Process Piping, it can be shown that pressure rating decreases with increasing NPS and constant schedule.
Some specifications use pipe schedules called standard wall (STD), extra strong (XS), and double extra strong (XXS), although these actually belong to an older system called iron pipe size (IPS). The IPS number is the same as the NPS number. STD is identical to SCH 40S, and 40S is identical to 40 for NPS to NPS 10, inclusive. XS is identical to SCH 80S, and 80S is identical to 80 for NPS to NPS 8, inclusive. XXS wall is thicker than schedule 160 from NPS in to NPS 6 in inclusive, and schedule 160 is thicker than XXS wall for NPS 8 in and larger.
Blockage or ball test
When a pipe is welded or bent the most common method to inspect blockages, misalignment, ovality, and weld bead dimensional conformity is to pass a round ball through the pipe coil or circuit. If the inner pipe dimension is to be measured then the weld bead should be subtracted, if welding is applicable. Typically, the clearance tolerance for the ball must not exceed . Allowable ovality of any pipe is measured on the inside dimension of the pipe, normally 5% to 10% ovality can be accepted. If no other test is conducted to verify ovality, or blockages, this test must be seen as a standard requirement. A flow test can not be used in lieu of a blockage or ball test. See pipe dimensional table, Specification ASME B36.10M or B36.19M for pipe dimensions per schedule.
Stainless steel pipe is most often available in standard weight sizes (noted by the S designation; for example, NPS Sch 10S). However stainless steel pipe can also be available in other schedules.
Both polyvinyl chloride pipe (PVC) and chlorinated polyvinyl chloride pipe (CPVC) are made in NPS sizes.
NPS tables for selected sizes
NPS to NPS
DN does not exactly correspond to a size in millimeters, because ISO 6708 defines it as being a dimensionless specification only indirectly related to a diameter. The ISO 6708 sizes provide a metric name for existing inch sizes, resulting in a 1:1 correlation between NPS and DN sizes. ISO 6708 does not include values for "DN 6" or "DN 8", however ASME B36.10M list the "DN 6" and "DN 8" . Also, the European Standard EN 12 516-1 (Industrial valves - Shell design strength - Part 1: Tabulation method for steel valve shells) specifies the dimensions "DN 6" and "DN 8", respectively their equivalents NPS "and NPS ".
Tolerance: The tolerance on pipe OD is + (.0156) inch (), − (.0312)inch ().
As per ASME B36.10M -2018 Pipe wall thickness are rounded to nearest , while converting Wall Thickness from inch to mm.
NPS 4 to NPS 9
NPS 10 to NPS 24
NPS 26 to NPS 36
Additional sizes (NPS)
See also
British standard pipe thread sizes
Copper tubing sizes
Pipe thread sizes
National pipe thread sizes
Pipe (fluid conveyance)
Pipe sizes
Standard dimension ratio
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Notes on Pipe—PVC Pipe weights and max PSI
Quick calculator to determine standard pipe dimensions For Carbon Steel and Stainless Steel pipes as per ANSI. (Requires Membership)
Piping
Mechanical standards |
4015307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khalid%20El-Amin | Khalid El-Amin | Khalid El-Amin (born April 25, 1979) is a retired American professional basketball player. He was a member of the 1999 University of Connecticut men's basketball team that won the NCAA championship. He is originally from Minnesota where he played for North High School in Minneapolis. In 2000, he was selected in the 2nd round by the Chicago Bulls of the NBA Draft and played 50 games for them, averaging 6.3 points and 2.9 assists per game. He played professionally in several countries, mainly in Europe.
College career
After leading Minneapolis North HS to three straight state titles and being named a McDonald's All-American, the three-time Minnesota State Player of the Year and 1997 Minnesota Mr. Basketball was named Big East Conference Rookie of the Year while being second in the team in scoring (16.0) and setting the UConn single-season scoring record for a freshman.
As a sophomore, El-Amin was the starting point guard on their team that won the 1999 NCAA Championship game over Duke. In the final game he scored the Huskies' final 4 points in their 77–74 victory.
In 2000 El-Amin led the Huskies in scoring (16.0), assists (4.4) and steals (1.7) and was named to the All-Big East first team. He was also one of 15 finalists for the Naismith Award and set a Big East record by making 93.4 percent of his FTs in league games. El-Amin scored a collegiate career-high 34 points in a 75–70 loss to the University of Notre Dame on January 5, 2000, which ended the UConn Huskies' 10-game winning streak.
He left UConn as fourth all-time at the school in FT percentage at 82.2, sixth all-time in assists and fifth in steals. His averages per game in his final season are 31.9 minutes, 16.0 points, 3.1 rebounds, 5.2 assists, 2.7 turnovers, 1.7 steals, makes 2.9 of 5.5 field goals (41.1%) and 4.1 of 4.6 free throws (89.2%). He finished his college career with averages of 30.1 minutes, 15.3 points on 41.6% shooting and 82.2% free throws, 3.0 rebounds, 4.4 assists, 2.7 turnovers and 1.7 steals.
El-Amin also helped the U.S. to a gold medal performance in the '98 Goodwill Games in New York City.
NBA career
El-Amin was drafted by the Chicago Bulls in the 2nd round with the 5th pick (34th overall) of the 2000 NBA Draft. That year, he played in the Schick Rookie Challenge at All-Star weekend in Washington, DC and scored 18 points. El-Amin only played 1 season in the NBA, playing 50 games (14 starts) and had a per-game average of 6.3 points, 2.9 assists, 1.6 rebounds, 1 steal, and 1.1 turnovers. His final NBA game was played on February 6th, 2001 in a 78 - 84 loss to the Golden State Warriors where he played for 13 minutes and recorded 2 assists.
European career
El-Amin signed with Strasbourg (France) in January 2002. He then joined Maccabi Ironi Ramat Gan (Israel) in November 2002.
He joined Besiktas Istanbul of the Turkish league in August 2003. Dominating the league for two seasons, El-Amin was second in scoring (20.9) and third in assists (5.2) in his first season. In 2005, he led the league in assists and averaged 20.4 points a game. He was named MVP of the Turkish League All-Star Game in 2005 and was a member of the World Team at the 2005 FIBA Europe All-Star Game.
In June 2005, he started his first season with Azovmash Mariupol of the Ukrainian Basketball SuperLeague. Azovmash won the 2006 Ukrainian Championship, and El-Amin was named the MVP of both the regular season and playoffs.
In June 2007, he signed with Türk Telekom B.K. of the Turkish Basketball Super League for the 2007–08 season.
In June 2008, he returned to Azovmash and signed a two-year contract. In March 2009, he returned to Türk Telekom for the remainder of the season. He was named to the All-EuroCup Second Team for the 2008–09 Eurocup season.
In August 2009, he signed with Budivelnyk Kyiv. He left Budivelnyk after one season.
In October 2010, he signed a one-year contract with BC Lietuvos Rytas of the Lithuanian Basketball League and EuroLeague. In March 2011, he suffered a torn quadriceps ending his season and tenure with Lietuvos Rytas.
In December 2011, El-Amin signed a one-month deal with Cibona Zagreb of Croatia. He later extend his contract for the rest of the season, and helped his team to win the Croatian A-1 Liga.
In July 2012, he signed a one-year deal with Le Mans Sarthe Basket of France. He left Le Mans in February 2013, and signed with the Turkish club Trabzonspor. In October 2013, during the Turkish Cup game with Pinar Karsiyaka, he got injured and later missed whole 2013–14 season.
In August 2014, he signed with BG Göttingen of the German Basketball Bundesliga for the 2014–15 season.
On August 11, 2015, he signed with Sigal Prishtina of Kosovo for the 2015–16 season. On December 7, 2016, he left Prishtina and returned to BG Göttingen for the rest of the 2015–16 season. In May 2016, he underwent back surgery. In spring 2017, he had a short stint with the Marinos de Anzoategui of Venezuela.
He joined CBS Sports Network as a college basketball analyst.
After retiring from professional basketball, El-Amin became an assistant coach for the boys' basketball team at Minneapolis North High School.
References
External links
College & NBA stats at Basketballreference.com
Euroleague.net Profile
Eurobasket.com Profile
ESPN Magazine interview
Khalid El-Amin won't quit @ citypages.com
TBLStat.net Profile
1979 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
African-American Muslims
American expatriate basketball people in Croatia
American expatriate basketball people in France
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Kosovo
American expatriate basketball people in Lithuania
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
American expatriate basketball people in Venezuela
American men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 1999 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four
Basketball players from Minneapolis
BC Azovmash players
BC Budivelnyk players
BC Rytas players
Beşiktaş men's basketball players
BG Göttingen players
Chicago Bulls draft picks
Chicago Bulls players
Dakota Wizards (CBA) players
Ironi Ramat Gan players
Israeli Basketball Premier League players
KB Prishtina players
KK Cibona players
Le Mans Sarthe Basket players
Marinos B.B.C. players
McDonald's High School All-Americans
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Point guards
SIG Basket players
Türk Telekom B.K. players
UConn Huskies men's basketball players
Goodwill Games medalists in basketball
Competitors at the 1998 Goodwill Games
North Community High School alumni
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American sportspeople |
4015329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20Mercy | Order of Mercy | Order of Mercy may also refer to the:
Order of the Blessed Virgin Mary of Mercy, a Catholic religious order.
Order of the League of Mercy, a former British royal order. |
4015333 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontario%20Junior%20Hockey%20League | Ontario Junior Hockey League | The Ontario Junior Hockey League (OJHL) is a Junior A ice hockey league in Ontario, Canada. It is under the supervision of the Ontario Hockey Association and the Canadian Junior Hockey League. The league dates back to 1954 as the Central Junior B Hockey League. In 1993, the Central Junior B Hockey League was promoted to the Junior A level and renamed the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League. In 2009, the league was dissolved by the Ontario Hockey Association and split into two leagues: the Central Canadian Hockey League and the Ontario Junior A Hockey League. By early 2010, the two leagues merged to reform the Ontario Junior Hockey League.
In July 2013, the TheHockeyWriters.com listed the OJHL as the 7th best developmental league, professional or amateur, in North America.
At its peak, the league was composed of 37 teams and is now mostly based in the Greater Toronto Area with a few teams eastward towards Kingston. The exception to this is the Buffalo Jr. Sabres located in the American state of New York.
The winner of the OJHL playoffs and Frank L. Buckland Trophy compete for the Dudley Hewitt Cup with the winners of the Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League, Superior International Junior Hockey League and the host team. The winner of the Dudley Hewitt Cup then goes on to compete for the Centennial Cup, the national Junior A championship.
History
Central Junior B Hockey League
1954 to 1971
In 1954, a variety of teams from different leagues and Ontario Hockey Association junior groupings were put together in the Central Junior B Hockey League. The Central League was formed as a sister league to the Western Ontario Junior B Hockey League that had been running since 1950. During the early years, the two leagues were regarded as the two divisions of the OHA's Big 10. The "Big" moniker was often given to OHA leagues as the OHA pushed away from smaller rural multi-level groupings.
The 1954–55 season's members were the Woodstock Warriors, Owen Sound Greys, Waterloo Siskins, Burlington Mohawks, Paris Redshirts, Dundas Flyers, and Ingersoll Reems. Woodstock took the first ever Central League crown as well as that year's Sutherland Cup as provincial champions.
From 1955 until 1964, the Waterloo Siskins won the league six out of nine seasons, losing out to Burlington in 1957 and 1958 and the Owen Sound Greys in 1961. Neither Burlington or Owen Sound managed to win the Sutherland Cup with their league championship, in fact only Owen Sound even made to the finals where they were swept by the St. Michael's Buzzers of the Metro Junior B Hockey League. During that streak, the Waterloo Siskins won the Sutherland Cup four times. In 1956 they defeated the Brampton Regents of the Metro league 4-games-to-1 with 1 tie. In 1960, the Siskins defeated the Marlboros of the Metro League 4-games-to-2 with 1 tie to win the provincial crown. In 1962, they defeated the St. Thomas Elgins of the Western Junior B League 4-games-to-1 and in 1964 they defeated Weston of the Metro League 4-games-to-1 to claim another crown.
In 1964, began a four-year dynasty for the Kitchener Greenshirts. In 1965, 1966, 1967, and 1968, the Greenshirts were Central League champions. They also won the Sutherland Cup in 1965 by defeating Etobicoke of the Metro League 4-games-to-2 and in 1967 by defeating the Metro League's Dixie Beehives 4-games-to-2.
In 1968, their sister league, the Western Ontario Junior B Hockey League, went renegade and left the Ontario Hockey Association. As a result, the Strathroy Rockets were homeless and joined the league. In their only year in the CJBHL they won the league championship and lost the Sutherland Cup final 4-games-to-1 with 1 tie to the Markham Waxers of the Metro League.
In 1969, the Collingwood Blues jumped up to the Central League and stayed until the realignment of 1971, winning both league championships (1970 and 1971). The Blues failed to make the provincial final in either of those years.
The teams of the 1970–71 season were the Owen Sound Greys, Collingwood Blues, Waterloo Siskins, Preston Raiders, and Kitchener Ranger B's. This would be the final incarnation of the league in its original setup. Much change happened in the summer of 1971.
1971 to 1993
In 1971, the league re-aligned itself geographically. The Owen Sound Greys and Collingwood Blues jumped to the Mid-Ontario Junior B Hockey League. The Waterloo Siskins and Kitchener Ranger B's moved over to the Western Ontario Junior B Hockey League. The Burlington Mohawks were the only team to stay put. In return, the Central League gained many teams from the Mid-Ontario Junior B Hockey League, like the Oakville Blades, Milton Flyers, Hespeler Shamrocks and Streetsville Derbys. They also gained the Dundas Blues and the Brampton Vic Woods.
The 1972 champion is unknown, but in 1973 Burlington won the Central League and in 1974 and 1975 Oakville won two straight league titles. The 1974–75 season was special for the Oakville Blades. After winning the league championship, they won their way all the way to the Sutherland Cup final. Unfortunately for the Blades, the Bramalea Blues of the Metro Junior B Hockey League awaited them. The Blues defeated the Blades 4-games-to-3.
From the 1975–76 season until the 1979–80 season, the Central League was dominated by the Streetsville Derbys. In this span, the Derbys won the League title five straight times, made the Ontario finals three times, and won the Sutherland Cup once. In 1977, the Derbys made the All-Ontario final. In the final, they lost to the Stratford Cullitons of the Waterloo-Wellington Junior B Hockey League 4-games-to-2. A year later, the Derbys again met the Stratford Cullitons (now of the Mid-Western Junior B Hockey League), but lost 9-points-to-5. The 1978–79 season had the Derbys make the Sutherland Cup final for the third straight year. In the final, the Derbys met the St. Catharines Falcons of the Golden Horseshoe Junior B Hockey League and defeated them 4-games-to-none to finally win a provincial title.
In 1978 the Mid-Ontario league folded, and Orillia Terriers, Thornhill Thunderbirds, the Barrie Colts, and Oak Ridges Dynes joined the Central League.
The 1980–81 season had a team other than the Derbys show dominance, as the Burlington Cougars won the Central League championship. They kept on winning and found themselves in the Sutherland Cup final. The Cougars came up against the Stratford Cullitons of the Mid-Western League and were victorious, winning 8-points-to-4. In 1982, the Oakville Blades won the Central league for the first time in seven years.
From the 1982–83 season until the 1985–86 season, the Streetsville Derbys celebrated another period of dominance. In those four seasons, the Derbys won three league championships, made the Ontario final twice, and received a harsh punishment from the Ontario Hockey Association. In 1982–83, the Derbys won their first league title in three season, a year later they won it again and battled all the way to the Sutherland Cup final. In the final, the Derbys met the Waterloo Siskins of the Mid-Western League and despite a spirited performance, fell 4-games-to-3 to the Siskins. A year later, the Derbys failed to get out of their league. In 1985–86, the Derbys dominated the Central League again and won their third title in four years. They battled to the Sutherland Cup final and again met the Stratford Cullitons of the Mid-Western League. The Cullitons swept the series, 4-games-to-none, and the Derbys lost their discipline. The result was a one-year ban for the Streetsville Derbys from Ontario Hockey Association play. The Derbys were forced to sit out in 1986–87, as the Burlington Cougars won the league, and the Derbys never won another Central League title.
From the 1987–88 season until the 1989–90 season, the Barrie Colts dominated the league with three straight championships. None of these championships transpired into a Sutherland Cup.
In 1991, the Oakville Blades won the Central League, but lost the Sutherland Cup final to the Waterloo Siskins 4-games-to-none. In 1992, the Milton Merchants won the league championship, but also fell in the Sutherland Cup final, this time to the Kitchener Dutchmen. During the summer of 1992, the OHA promoted the Central League to Junior A status, allowing its teams less limitations on signing players then an average Junior B team would have. In 1992–93, the Barrie Colts dominated the CJAHL. With 47 wins and one tie, the Colts celebrated an unheard of undefeated season. They won the Central League championship, and were granted permission to compete in the Provincial Junior B playdowns. In the final of the Sutherland Cup, they met the Kitchener Dutchmen and swept them 4-games-to-none to win the Central League its third and final Sutherland Cup since 1971. The 1993 playoff run, aided by their Junior A status, was the final and most successful Provincial Jr. B playoff run of any Central League champion in at least twelve years.
The 1992–93 season would be the final Junior B season for the Central League. The teams in the league that year were the Barrie Colts, Markham Waxers, Peterborough Jr. Petes, Newmarket 87's, Orillia Terriers, Lindsay Bears, Ajax Axemen, Collingwood Blues, and Cobourg Cougars in the East Division and the Brampton Capitals, Burlington Cougars, Milton Merchants, Caledon Canadians, Oakville Blades, Streetsville Derbys (played that season in Mississauga), Georgetown Raiders, and Royal York Rangers in the West Division.
Ascension to Junior "A"
In 1988, the Metro Junior B Hockey League left the Ontario Hockey Association. In 1991, it declared itself a Junior A hockey league and a couple seasons later was recognized by the Canadian Junior A Hockey League. In response, the Ontario Hockey Association took the Central Junior B Hockey League, the remaining Junior B league closest to Toronto, and promoted it to Junior A. The league changed its name to the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League, the original name of the old Junior A League that lasted from 1972 to 1987.
The first ever OPJHL champion was the Orillia Terriers in 1994. Despite much of the hype going into the Ontario Hockey Association Junior A championship round robin, the Terriers lost 3–1 to the Caledon Canadians of the Metro Junior A Hockey League in the OHA final. The other competitors were the Metro's Wexford Raiders and the NOJHL's Powassan Hawks. In the summer of 1994, the Barrie Colts left the OPJHL to play in the Ontario Hockey League.
In 1995, the Brampton Capitals won the OPJHL's crown, the Buckland Cup, and gained a berth into the Dudley Hewitt Cup round robin in Thunder Bay. In the round robin, the Capitals went undefeated, beating the Metro's Caledon Canadians 4–1, the NOJHL's Timmins Golden Bears 5-3 and the USHL's Thunder Bay Flyers 5–2. Their undefeated record gave the Capitals a bye directly into the DHC final, which they lost in a 6-4 heart-breaker to the Thunder Bay Flyers.
The summer of 1995 brought crisis to the rival Metro Junior A Hockey League. In the midst of perceived corruption by the league, five teams walked away from the Metro. Four of these teams; the Bramalea Blues, Kingston Voyageurs, Mississauga Chargers, and St. Michael's Buzzers; fled to join the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.
In 1996, The Newmarket 87's were OPJHL champions. They went to the Dudley Hewitt Cup in Cobourg, Ontario to compete for the Central Canadian Championship. Also attending from the OPJHL were the Cobourg Cougars as hosts and the Brampton Capitals as OPJHL finalists. Cobourg lost to the Thunder Bay Flyers 5–3, defeated the Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats 5–3, before losing to both Newmarket and Brampton. Newmarket defeated Rayside-Balfour 4–3, Cobourg 3–1, lost to Brampton, and then Thunder Bay 3–2. The Capitals were undefeated in the round robin, defeating Thunder Bay 5–2, Rayside-Balfour 10–6, Newmarket 6–3, and Cobourg 9–3. All three OPJHL teams made the tournament's semi-finals. In the first semi-final, Brampton defeated Cobourg 5–2, while Newmarket beat Thunder Bay 6–3. This results in a rematch of the OPJHL final in the Dudley Hewitt Cup final. The Newmarket 87's crushed Brampton 8–2. Next, Newmarket flew out to Melfort, Saskatchewan to compete in the Royal Bank Cup 1996. In their first game they defeated the BCHL's Vernon Vipers 7–5, then the SJHL's Yorkton Terriers 5–2. It all went downhill from there as the 87's then lost to the host Melfort Mustangs 11–3, the MJAHL's Moncton Beavers 4–3, and were defeated in the semi-final by Vernon 7–4. This ended the OPJHL's first odyssey in the Royal Bank Cup.
The 1996–97 season was won by the Milton Merchants. In a best-of-7 for the Dudley Hewitt Cup against the NOJHL's Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats, the Merchants were defeated 4-games-to-1. A year later, the Merchants again won the OPJHL and this time the DHC too. They traveled off to the Royal Bank Cup 1998 in Nanaimo, British Columbia to compete for the National Junior A championship. They defeated the Central Junior A Hockey League's Brockville Braves 5–2, but lost to the host Nanaimo Clippers 6–2, SJHL's Weyburn Red Wings 6–2, and the South Surrey Eagles 3-0 and again in the semi-final 6–2.
The summer of 1998 would change the face of Junior A hockey. Already at 22 teams, the OPJHL was about to almost double in size.
Expansion years (1998–2008)
In 1998 came the exodus. The Metro Junior A Hockey League closed its doors after over half a century of action at the Junior A and B levels. The Bancroft Hawks (Quinte), Buffalo Lightning (Niagara), Caledon Canadians, Durham Huskies, Huntsville Wildcats, Markham Waxers, North York Rangers, Oshawa Legionaires, Pickering Panthers, Port Hope Buzzards, Shelburne Wolves, Syracuse Jr. Crunch, Thornhill Rattlers, Wellington Dukes, and Wexford Raiders all made the jump to the OPJHL. The only team not to come was the Pittsburgh Jr. Penguins, who were not interested in the extra travel. A season before, a sign that this might happen occurred when the 1997 Metro Champion Aurora Tigers defected prior to the 1997–98 season. This swelled the league from 22 to 37 teams. Also, for the first time in its history, the OPJHL had American hockey clubs with the Buffalo Lightning and Syracuse Jr. Crunch.
The first season for this super-league was won by the Bramalea Blues. The Blues also won the Dudley Hewitt Cup as Central Canadian Champions and travelled to Yorkton, Saskatchewan to compete in the Royal Bank Cup 1999. Despite winning the round robin with a 3–1 record, the Blues were upset by the BCHL's Vernon Vipers, 3–2, in the semi-final. The 1999-00 Buckland Cup champions were the Brampton Capitals, but they failed to win the Dudley Hewitt Cup, losing a best-of-7 series to the Rayside-Balfour Sabrecats.
The 2001 Buckland Cup champions were the Thornhill Rattlers. The Rattlers defeated Rayside-Balfour to win the Dudley Hewitt Cup and moved on to Flin Flon, Manitoba for the Royal Bank Cup 2001. The Rattlers were unsuccessful in their venture, losing four straight games and not qualifying for the semi-finals.
In 2002, the Brampton Capitals once again were the Buckland Cup champions. After defeating the Wellington Dukes to win the OPJHL crown, the Caps failed to win the Dudley Hewitt Cup for a berth in the Royal Bank Cup. A year later, the Wellington Dukes rebounded their OPJHL final defeated from 2002 and won the 2003 Buckland Cup 4-games-to-2 over the Aurora Tigers. The Dukes ventured to Fort Frances, Ontario for the Dudley Hewitt Cup. After defeating the SIJHL's Fort Frances Borderland Thunder 7–1, they lost to the NOJHL's North Bay Skyhawks 2–1. The Dukes came back and defeated the SIJHL's Thunder Bay Bulldogs 7–4 to earn a berth into the DHC semi-final. In the semi-final, they defeated the Borderland Thunder 4-2 and then defeated North Bay 4–0 in the final to win the Central Canadian crown. The Dukes then moved on to Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island for the Royal Bank Cup 2003. The Dukes lost their first game 4–1 to the SJHL's Humboldt Broncos and lost again in their second game 7–1 to the AJHL's Camrose Kodiaks. It was do-or-die time for the Dukes, and they stepped up to the plate by defeating the host Charlottetown Abbies 1–0 in overtime and the QJAAAHL's Lennoxville Cougars 5–2 to gain access to the semi-final. The Dukes lost a tight 3–2 game to Humboldt in the semi-final to end their national championship hopes.
The 2003–04 Aurora Tigers achieved much in with Spring of 2004. After defeating the St. Michael's Buzzers 4-games-to-2 to clinch the Buckland Cup and their fifth victorious best-of-7 series of the playoffs, the Tigers moved on to North Bay, Ontario to compete for the Dudley Hewitt Cup. The Tigers swept the opposition, defeating the NOJHL's Soo Thunderbirds 3–1, the SIJHL's Fort William North Stars 4–0, and the host North Bay Skyhawks 5–3, they moved straight to the final and beat the Skyhawks again 5–1 to clinch the Central Canadian championship. The Tigers then flew out to Grande Prairie, Alberta to compete in the Royal Bank Cup 2004. After losing their first game to the host Grande Prairie Storm 4–2, the Tiger went on a roll, beating the BCHL's Nanaimo Clippers 4–2, the SJHL's Kindersley Klippers 5–0, and the then Central Junior A Hockey League's Nepean Raiders 3–1. In the semi-final, the Tigers played the Raiders again and beat them 7–2, then manhandled the Klippers 7–1 in the final to win the Royal Bank Cup. This marked the first national championship in the OPJHL's 11-year history.
The 2005 Buckland Cup champions were the St. Michael's Buzzers. After defeated the Georgetown Raiders 4-games-to-2 to win the OPJHL, they then traveled to Georgetown, Ontario to compete for the Dudley Hewitt Cup. The Raiders went 3–0 in the tournament, defeating the NOJHL's North Bay Skyhawks 7–2, SIJHL's Fort William North Stars 4–0, and then St. Mike's 5–4. On top of St. Mike's loss to Georgetown, they lost to Fort William 6–4, but defeated North Bay 4–3 in quadruple overtime. In the semi-final, St. Mike's defeated Fort William 6–2, only to be defeated 3–1 in the final. Georgetown then traveled to Weyburn, Saskatchewan to compete in the Royal Bank Cup 2005. They started out with a loss to the host Weyburn Red Wings, then beat the Central Junior A Hockey League's Hawkesbury Hawks 3–0. In their third game, they defeated the MJHL's Portage Terriers 6–3, but then lost to the AJHL's Camrose Kodiaks 2–1. They again drew Camrose in the semi-final and were walloped 8–2 to end their season.
In 2006, the St. Michael's Buzzers won the Buckland Cup again by defeating the Stouffville Spirit 4-games-to-2. It seemed like the Buzzers were set to avenge their Dudley Hewitt Cup losses from the previous year, but it did not go as planned. In their first game, the Buzzers lost 3–2 to the SIJHL's Dryden Ice Dogs despite badly outshooting them. In the next game, the Buzzers found their form again and massacred the host Fort William North Stars 7–1, only to lose to the NOJHL's Sudbury Jr. Wolves 5–2. Due to tie-breaker, the Buzzers were eliminated from the round robin. The OPJHL still had a single hope left, the Streetsville Derbys were the hosts of the 2006 Royal Bank Cup in Brampton, Ontario. The Derbys finished first in the round robin, defeating the BCHL's Burnaby Express 4–3 in overtime, Fort William 3–2, the SJHL's Yorkton Terriers 2–1, before dropping a game to the QJAAAHL's Joliette Action 4–1. Unfortunately, the Derbys failed to win the semi-final against Yorkton, losing 2–1.
The 2006–07 season was dominated by the Aurora Tigers. After finishing first in the OPJHL regular season, the Tigers walked through five rounds of playoffs to win the Buckland Cup. They then traveled to Iroquois Falls, Ontario for the Dudley Hewitt Cup. The Dudley proved to be little challenge for the Tigers, as they defeated the NOJHL's Soo Indians 4–1, the SIJHL's Schreiber Diesels 6–3, and the host Abitibi Eskimos 7–0, before crushing Schreiber 10–0 in the Central Championship final. Next, they traveled to Prince George, British Columbia for the 2007 Royal Bank Cup. Aurora started off the national championship with a 4–2 victory over the MJHL's Selkirk Steelers. They then lost to the Central Junior A Hockey League's Pembroke Lumber Kings 5–3. The Tigers then beat the host Prince George Spruce Kings 6-3 and the AJHL's Camrose Kodiaks 7–4 to clinch first place in the round robin. In the semi-final, the Tiger ended up defeating the only team they lost to in the tournament, Pembroke, 3–2 in overtime. In the final, the Tigers defeated Prince George 3–1 to win their second national title in four years.
The 2008 league champions were an exciting Oakville Blades team that had a great regular season and dominated the Buckland Cup playoffs. At the Dudley, the Blades were perfect, defeating the SIJHL's Dryden Ice Dogs 5–1, the NOJHL's Sudbury Jr. Wolves 5–3, and the host Newmarket Hurricanes 5–2. The other two games for Newmarket had them defeat Sudbury 5-1 and Dryden 7–1. In the semi-final, Newmarket defeated Dryden again 2-1 and in the final Oakville finished off Newmarket's season with a 6–3 victory. In the process, Oakville lost their star goaltender, mid-tournament, in order for him to maintain hist NCAA eligibility due to his age. This loss cost the Blades as they traveled to Cornwall, Ontario for the 2008 Royal Bank Cup. The Blades lost their opener to the host Cornwall Colts 5–4. they then lost in overtime to the MJAHL's Weeks Crushers 4–3. They rebounded in their fourth game, defeating the SJHL's Humboldt Broncos 7–6, but then had all their hopes erased with a 6–1 loss to the AJHL's Camrose Kodiaks. With a 1–3 record, the Blades were eliminated from the tournament despite outshooting their opponent in all four games.
Dissolution and reformation (2008–2010)
The summer of 2008 brought much change to the OPJHL. As approved by the OHA, the semi-autonomous Central Division Hockey pilot program began in 2008–09. This divisions creation was controversial and had been appealed by left out teams to the Ontario Hockey Federation. Although the OHA is attempted to play down the significance of the division in some aspects, they have admitted that the new conference would have slightly different rules than the rest of the divisions and that the CDH would be geared more for development. As well, the member teams would operate at a higher budget and completely partitioned from the rest of the OPJHL until the league semi-final. Additionally, the CDH would play a 53-game schedule, as opposed to the rest of the league which played a 49-game season. The division had its own website, separate from the league.
On September 19, 2008, the league, already a month into the 2008–09 season, announced a name change, a new logo, and a new website. The league will now be known as the Ontario Junior Hockey League. Prior to the start of the season, the three divisions not involved with Central Division Hockey were renamed. The West Division is now the MacKinnon Division, the North Division is now the Phillips Division, and the East Division is the Ruddock Division. The South Division is scattered between the Phillips and MacKinnon Divisions.
The 2008–09 season finished with the Couchiching Terriers taking the overall best record. The finish in the Central Division was quite unique. First and last place in the division was the least spread out of all four divisions, the top six of eight teams all had even or winning records, the Markham Waxers and Wellington Dukes race for first place lasted until the final game of the season, as did the race for third between the Hamilton Red Wings, Newmarket Hurricanes, and Toronto Jr. Canadiens. The Central Division playoffs was won by Wellington, but they were eliminated by the MacKinnon Division champion and defending league champion Oakville Blades in a controversial series that went to a seventh game. The Kingston Voyageurs won the Ruddock Division who beat the Phillips Division champion Huntsville Otters 4-games-to-1 to go to the Buckland Cup finals. Kingston would defeat Oakville 4-games-to-2 in the league final for the Buckland Cup. The Voyageurs moved on to the Dudley Hewitt Cup in Schreiber, Ontario where they started the tournament by beating the host Schreiber Diesels of the SIJHL 9–0. They then were upset by the SIJHL champion Fort William North Stars 1–0. In the third game, the Voyageurs defeated the NOJHL champion Soo Thunderbirds 2–0 to move on directly to the DHC Final. In the final, the Voyageurs defeated a fatigued and fresh off a slim semi-final victory North Stars 4–1 to win the Central Canada crown. They then flew out to Victoria, British Columbia for the 2009 Royal Bank Cup. The event was a learning experience for the Voyageurs who started off the event with a 5–0 loss to the host Victoria Grizzlies. In their next game, the Voyageurs edged the MJAHL's Summerside Western Capitals with a wild 7–5 win. They then lost to the SJHL's Humboldt Broncos 5–2 and then the BCHL's Vernon Vipers 8–5. Edging into the semi-finals via a head-to-head win over the Capitals, the Voyageurs lost their final game of the year 6–3 to the eventual national champion Vipers.
A new and thought to be final chapter in the OJHL saga opened in April 2009. Thirteen more teams left the core of the OJHL to join the Central Division, jumping the number of teams in the CDH to 21 and dropping the remainder of the OJHL to 15 for the 2009–10 season. On June 29, 2009, the OHA Board of Directors voted to separate the OJHL into two completely different leagues. The group of 15 teams will be known as the Ontario Junior A Hockey League, and the other 21 teams will be the Central Canadian Hockey League.
OJAHL
The first game in the new league's history was on September 9, 2009. The Bramalea Blues defeated the Mississauga Chargers 6–4 in Mississauga.
The Oakville Blades defeated the Kingston Voyageurs 4-games-to-3 in the OJAHL final to win their first and what will be the only OJAHL Championship.
The Oakville Blades then faced the CCHL's Newmarket Hurricanes for the 2010 Buckland Cup. The Hurricanes kept the series close, but the Blades took it in six games to move on to the Dudley Hewitt Cup.
CCHL
The first game under the CCHL banner was played September 9, 2009. The Streetsville Derbys defeated the North York Rangers 5–4 in a shootout in North York.
The West Division Champion Newmarket Hurricanes defeated the East Division Champion Bowmanville Eagles 4-games-to-2 in the CCHL final to win their first and what will be the only CCHL Championship.
Amalgamation (2010–present)
As the 2009–10 season wore on, the Ontario Hockey Association presented the Tomorrow's Game plan. An attempt to downsize the OHA's Jr. A and Jr. B teams from 63 teams of near equal calibre to about 12-16 teams of high calibre and the rest playing in a development division. The two leagues put aside their differences and appealed the move by the OHA to the Ontario Hockey Federation, who sided with the leagues.
From this point on, the two leagues have re-amalgamated for the 2010–11 season and have reduced the number of teams in competition by five, buying out or merging the Ajax Attack, Bowmanville Eagles, Bramalea Blues, Couchiching Terriers and Seguin Bruins. The trend continued in the summer of 2011, as the Streetsville Derbys merged to leave the league and the Collingwood Blackhawks, Dixie Beehives, and Orangeville Flyers all ceased operations. However, just over a week later, the Orangeville Flyers were reborn as the Villanova Knights filled in the void, and taken the identity of the Flyers.
The Huntsville Otters, Vaughan Vipers, and Brampton Capitals have all accepted buyouts from the league at the conclusion of the 2011–12 season. The Otters went as far as hosting the Dudley-Hewitt Cup, and playing in the final losing to the Wellington Dukes, while the Vipers were improving and being one of the top teams, and the Capitals went out of business.
As of the Summer of 2014, the OJHL has shrunk to 22 teams with only a handful outside of the Greater Toronto Area. Despite the retraction in league size and an increase in overall league talent, the league's teams have suffered at the gate and some teams have been forced to charge player fees.
Shortly after Hamilton being announced as a major junior market, the Hamilton Red Wings relocated to Markham, but were not allowed to return as the Markham Waxers and instead re-branded as the Markham Royals and will begin play in 2015–16.
Potential markets
Since 2009, the Ontario Junior Hockey League has retracted in size down to 22 teams as of 2015 after a series of buyouts from the league and mergers. The OJHL has been looking outside of the Greater Toronto Area, such as Huntsville, Parry Sound and even Belleville. It is highly questionable, if the OJHL will consider expanded to Central Ontario and Southern Ontario.
In late 2015, the OJHL announced a proposal to increase the league by two teams. The added teams are proposed to be advancement of Junior B teams and not from expansion. However, no teams were added.
March 2019, the OJHL announced the addition of the Collingwood Colts for the 2019–2020 season. Also for the 2019–20 season it was announced that the Newmarket Hurricanes had been sold and would be re-located to Milton and be rebranded the Milton Menace.
Seasons
Teams
Former teams
CJBHL (Left before 1992)
Acton Sabres
Brampton Warriors Jr. B
Dixie Beehives Jr. B
Dundas Flyers
Goderich Siftos
Guelph Biltmores
Guelph CMC's
Hamilton Bees
Ingersoll Marlands
Kitchener Greenshirts
Mimico Monarchs
Nobleton Devils
Oak Ridges Dynes
Owen Sound Greys
Paris Redshirts
Preston Raiders
St. Catharines Amthes
St. Marys Lincolns
Stratford Braves
Strathroy Rockets
Thornhill Thunderbirds
Waterloo Siskins
Woodstock Warriors
Regular season champions
This is a list of divisional regular season champions and their point totals, bolded are the overall league regular season champions.
Junior A years
Please note: In 2009-10, there are two bolded league champions, this is due to a schism in the league that season.
Champions
OJHL Champions
This chart shows all divisional playoff champions since the inception of the league in 1992. Bolded are the overall playoff champions, Italicized are the runner-up and fellow conference champion. From 1998 until 2009, the league champion has been awarded the Frank L. Buckland Trophy. From 1994 until 1998 the OPJHL competed against the Metro Junior A Hockey League and/or Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League for the Buckland Cup, losing in 1994 and 1997 but winning 1995, 1996 and 1998. The Buckland Cup was never technically the championship trophy of the OJHL, it was the championship of the Ontario Hockey Association and in 1998-99 the OPJHL became the only Jr. A league in the OHA.
Dudley Hewitt Cup Central Canadian Champions
Junior A National Champions
Central League Jr. B Champions
The league champions are bolded.
Sutherland Cup Provincial Jr. B Champions
OPJHL Champions are listed on the league's official website. The CJBHL champions were provided by the league's statistician and the Toronto Star.
OPJHL Showcase Tournament
The OPJHL Showcase Tournament was an annual event ran between Christmas and New Years in Newmarket, Ontario, hosted by the Newmarket Hurricanes. The tournament started in 1992 to help aid Canadian Hockey League, National Hockey League, and National Collegiate Athletic Association scouts in finding prospects for their teams. The tournament was highly competitive and successful. It drew as many as twenty junior hockey teams from all over North America. Despite just being a mid-season tourney, the event was highly contested and its title is played for with much ferocity.
In 2007, the tournament was canceled as Newmarket wanted to focus their attention on hosting the Dudley Hewitt Cup that year. In 2008, the tournament was turned strictly into a 2-game a team showcase for teams from Central Division Hockey, killing the tournament format.
Champions
2006 Georgetown Raiders
2005 Vaughan Vipers
2004 Texas Tornado
2003 Texas Tornado
2002 Texas Tornado
2001 Brampton Capitals
2000 Hamilton Kilty B's
1999 Vaughan Vipers
1998 Milton Merchants
1997 Milton Merchants
1996 Brampton Capitals
1995 Milton Merchants
1994 Newmarket 87's
1993 Hamilton Kilty B's
1992 Markham Waxers
League records
Scoring
Records (Junior A)
Best record: 1992-93 Barrie Colts (47-0-1)
Worst record**: 1993-94 Royal York Rangers (1-40-1)
Most goals, one season: Steve Walker (75) -- 1992-93 Barrie Colts
Most assists, one season: Jamie Janjevich (94) -- 1994-95 Milton Merchants
Most points, one season: Steve Walker (151) -- 1992-93 Barrie Colts
(**) denotes that the record is held only by a team that completed their season. The 2003-04 Huntsville Wildcats are one of only two teams in OPJHL history to have folded mid-season. They folded with record of 0-23-0-0 and hold the record for worst winning percentage of all-time.
Timeline of teams in OJHL
1992 - Central Junior B Hockey League is elected to become pilot project for planned Junior A league
1992 - Cobourg Cougars join league from Central Ontario Junior C Hockey League
1992 - Aurora Eagles leave league for Metro Junior A Hockey League
1992 - Streetsville Derbys move and become Mississauga Derbys
1993 - League changes name from Central Junior A Hockey League to Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League
1993 - Hamilton Kiltys join league from Golden Horseshoe Junior Hockey League
1993 - Caledon Canadians leave league for Metro Junior A Hockey League
1993 - Mississauga Derbys move and become Streetsville Derbys
1994 - Lindsay Bears become the Lindsay Muskies
1995 - Barrie Colts leave league for Ontario Hockey League
1995 - Markham Waxers leave league for Metro Junior A Hockey League
1995 - Bramalea Blues, St. Michael's Buzzers, Mississauga Chargers, and Kingston Voyageurs join league from Metro Junior A Hockey League
1995 - Stouffville Clippers join league
1995 - Trenton Sting and Bowmanville Eagles join league from Central Ontario Junior C Hockey League
1996 - Royal York Royals become the Vaughan Vipers
1996 - Stouffville Clippers become the Stouffville Spirit
1997 - Aurora Tigers join league from Metro Junior A Hockey League
1997 - Orillia Terriers move and become Couchiching Terriers
1997 - Newmarket 87's become Newmarket Hurricanes
1997 - Peterborough Jr. Petes become Peterborough Bees
1997 - St. Michael's Buzzers take leave of absence
1998 - League absorbs folded Metro Junior A Hockey League; new teams due to merger: Auburn Jr. Crunch (Syracuse Jr. Crunch), Bancroft Hawks (Quinte Hawks), Buffalo Lightning (Niagara Scenic), Caledon Canadians, Durham Huskies, Huntsville Wildcats, Markham Waxers, North York Rangers, Oshawa Legionaires, Pickering Panthers, Port Hope Buzzards, Shelburne Wolves, Thornhill Rattlers, Wellington Dukes, and Wexford Raiders.
1999 - Auburn Jr. Crunch change name to Syracuse Jr. Crunch
1999 - Shelburne Wolves leave league
1999 - Caledon Canadians leave league
1999 - Parry Sound Shamrocks join league from Northern Ontario Junior Hockey League
1999 - St. Michael's Buzzers rejoin league
2000 - Port Hope Buzzards become the Port Hope Clippers
2001 - Durham Huskies leave league
2001 - Port Hope Clippers are renamed Port Hope Predators
2002 - Parry Sound Shamrocks leave league
2002 - Hamilton Kiltys change name to Hamilton Red Wings
2003 - Huntsville Wildcats fold mid-season
2003 - Peterborough Bees change name to Peterborough Stars
2003 - Milton Merchants change name to Milton Icehawks
2004 - Huntsville Wildcats are reformed and changed their name to Huntsville-Muskoka Otters
2004 - Thornhill Rattlers change name to Thornhill Thunderbirds
2005 - Thornhill Thunderbirds become Toronto Thunderbirds
2005 - Buffalo Lightning become Buffalo Jr. Sabres
2005 - Ajax Axemen become Ajax Attack
2005 - Seguin Bruins join the league
2005 - Oswego Admirals join the league
2005 - Syracuse Jr. Crunch leave the league for Eastern Junior Hockey League
2006 - Wexford Raiders become Toronto Jr. Canadiens
2006 - Oshawa Legionaires become Durham Fury
2006 - Couchiching Terriers take leave
2006 - Toronto Thunderbirds take leave
2006 - Orangeville Crushers join league from Mid-Western Junior Hockey League
2007 - Couchiching Terriers return to league
2007 - Oswego Admirals move and become Toronto Dixie Beehives
2007 - Trenton Sting become Quinte West Pack
2007 - Toronto Thunderbirds return as Villanova Knights
2007 - Bancroft Hawks take leave
2007 - Bramalea Blues take leave
2008 - Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League is renamed Ontario Junior Hockey League
2008 - Quinte West Pack become Trenton Hercs
2008 - Bramalea Blues return to league
2008 - Bancroft Hawks return as Upper Canada Hockey Club
2008 - Durham Fury move and become Whitby Fury
2009 - Trenton Hercs fold mid-season (January)
2009 - Ontario Junior Hockey League temporarily divides into Central Canadian Hockey League and Ontario Junior A Hockey League (by the 2010 Dudley Hewitt Cup, the schism is mended and the Oakville Blades represent both leagues as the OJHL Champions)
2009 - Port Hope Predators move and become Trenton Golden Hawks
2009 - Toronto Dixie Beehives move and become Dixie Beehives
2009 - Upper Canada Hockey Club move and become Upper Canada Patriots
2010 - Bramalea Blues, Couchiching Terriers, and Seguin Bruins cease operations
2010 - Ajax Attack fold and merge into Pickering Panthers
2010 - Bowmanville Eagles fold and merge into Cobourg Cougars
2010 - Collingwood Blues change name to Collingwood Blackhawks
2010 - Orangeville Crushers change name to Orangeville Flyers
2011 - Upper Canada Patriots change name to Toronto Lakeshore Patriots
2011 - Streetsville Derbys fold and merge into Cobourg Cougars
2011 - Dixie Beehives cease operations
2011 - Collingwood Blackhawks cease operations
2011 - Orangeville Flyers cease operations
2011 - Villanova Knights move and become Orangeville Flyers
2012 - Huntsville Otters jump to Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior C Hockey League
2012 - Brampton Capitals cease operations
2012 - Vaughan Vipers cease operations
2012 - Peterborough Stars fold and merge into Lindsay Muskies
2013 - Markham Waxers membership terminated by league
2014 - Toronto Lakeshore Patriots change name to Toronto Patriots
2015 - Hamilton Red Wings move and become Markham Royals
See also
Ontario Hockey Association
Hockey Canada
Canadian Junior A Hockey League
Metro Junior A Hockey League
Southern Ontario Junior A Hockey League
Dudley Hewitt Cup
Royal Bank Cup
References
External links
Ontario League Website
OHA Website
1954 establishments in Ontario
Canadian Junior Hockey League members
A
A
Ontario Hockey Association
Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League
Organizations based in Mississauga
Sports leagues established in 1954 |
4015343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Baptist%20College | American Baptist College | American Baptist College (previously American Baptist Theological Seminary) is a private, Baptist college in Nashville, Tennessee, affiliated with the National Baptist Convention, USA. Founded in 1924, its predecessor in black Baptist education was Roger Williams University, a Nashville college begun in the late-19th century and closed in the early 20th century (Its campus is now occupied by Peabody College of Vanderbilt University). Upon full accreditation by the American Association of Bible Colleges, ABTS officially dropped use of the term "Theological Seminary" and renamed itself American Baptist College. The college has an 82% acceptance rate. In Fall 2019, 77% of students were retained after the first year of attendance.
History
The idea of a seminary for the training of Black Baptist ministers grew out of conversation between National Baptist leaders and Dr. O.L. Hailey about the possibility of establishing a seminary for the education of its ministers, in 1913. In a resolution presented by Dr. Edgar Young Mullins and adopted by the Southern Baptist Convention in that same year, the convention pledged its cooperation and appointed a similar committee. The committees of the two conventions met together and the following year recommended to their respective bodies that the college be established in Memphis, Tennessee. It was later decided to establish the College in Nashville. The present site of 53 acres was purchased with the help of the National Baptists in 1921, and a plan calling for the management of the seminary by a holding board and a governing board representative of the two conventions was adopted. The first building, Griggs Hall, was erected in 1923 and housed dormitory rooms, dining hall, library, and classrooms.
American Baptist College formally opened its doors for the training of Christian workers under the name of the American Baptist Theological Seminary on September 14, 1924. "The seminary opened Oct. 1, 1924, with an enrollment of 28 men and 2 women. The first faculty consisted of William T. Amiger, J.H. Garnett, and 0. L. Hailey. Sutton E. Griggs was elected the first president."
In 1937, the Southern Baptist Convention agreed to share 50/50 with the National Baptist Convention, USA Inc. in the operation of the College. The unprecedented cooperation between the National Baptist Convention, USA Inc. and the Southern Baptist Convention created a unique educational opportunity for African American clergy to gain higher biblical and theological education for over five decades. Due to this partnership, the Southern Baptist Convention helped prepare students and a broad spectrum of church leaders who were ready to meet the challenges of the Civil Rights Movement led by Martin Luther King Jr. Providing scholarships and fiscal support of the operations of American Baptist College, the Southern Baptist Convention made a significant contribution to the education of men and women for Christian service in the world. In order to support the future growth and flourishing of the College, the Southern Baptist Convention continued in that partnership until a joint decision to turn over the assets to the Board of Trustees of American Baptist College in 1996.
The College has educated Civil Rights champions, national leaders and Christian ministers. The school's history during the 1960s and 1970s was filled with civil rights champions, national leaders and Christian ministers. Students from American Baptist College, such as Julius Scruggs, Bernard Lafayette, James Bevel, William Barbee and John Lewis served on the front line of the Nashville sit-ins for justice and change.
Under the tutelage of then Professor J.F. Grimmett, Kelly Miller Smith, and Dr. C.T. Vivian, many students sat down at local lunch counters, dramatically altering the quality of life for African Americans living in the South. They sat, marched, and persevered through arrests and beatings before they were victorious in pursuit of justice and human rights. The campus itself was a popular command post for organizing and training students for social justice causes throughout the city at the time. A number of students from that period have gone on to become major names in civil rights history and American politics (e.g., Congressman John Lewis, Dr. Bernard Lafayette, Dr. Julius Scruggs). At the time, members of the Nashville Student Movement referred to the college as the "Holy Hill".
In 1971, the school became accredited and its official name was changed to American Baptist College. The college was originally formed as a joint educational partnership between the Southern Baptist Convention and the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. The Southern Baptist Convention withdrew its one of the founding fathers of the College. At its annual meeting in 1993, the National Baptist Convention appointed a committee to investigate support of the college in 1995. The college continues to serve as the primary theological training center for the NBC, USA Inc.
Civil Rights Movement
Nashville was the "University of Nonviolence...the movement's research laboratory...here the nonviolent sit-in was first methodically theorized, practiced, and tested... An extraordinary number of [Civil Rights] Movement leaders got their start in Nashville... Their organizational energy was felt throughout the South for the next decade."
Author Townsend Davis lists graduates of this "University of Nonviolence": James Bevel,
Bernard Lafayette, John Lewis, C.T. Vivian (American Baptist Theological Seminary students);
Diane Nash and Marion Berry (Fisk University students). He also notes the leadership of Rev.
Kelly Miller Smith (pastor, First Baptist Capitol Hill and professor at ABTS). In the recent
"rolling history lesson" on the 1961 Freedom Rides [January 27–28, 2007], American Baptist
College was represented by Bernard Lafayette, John Lewis, C.T. Vivian and four current students
as well as one of our faculty members. Rev. James Lawson spoke often during this journey of the
impact of the Nashville movement on the national movement, from 1959 until now, and of the
importance of American Baptist. A number of people have tried to figure out why so many of the national civil rights leaders came from American Baptist College, a small four year historically black college in North Nashville.
Noting that American Baptist was seldom even mentioned, David Halberstam, author of The
Children explains:
"It was a place without pretense, without class lines...But at a time when the black church was becoming the driving force of a larger social revolution taking place in the United States, American Baptist had become a magnet for many of the most talented
and passionate young blacks in the country. For young blacks in small towns in the South, dreaming of doing something for their own people, did not in those days dream of going to Harvard or Yale or Stanford Law, they dreamt of going into the Baptist ministry. Therefore the talent and the passion and the innate human strength of the students at American Baptist had nothing to do with the seeming simplicity and relative poverty of the school. It was a place filled with political ferment and passion. Its faculty was gifted and its students, many of them diamonds in the rough, were hungry to learn."
Historic district
The American Baptist Theological Seminary Historic District was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in June 2013. The listing recognized the institution's significance for African American ethnic heritage, education, and religion, as well as its role in the Civil Rights Movement of the mid-twentieth century. Contributing elements in the historic district include the historic plan and landscape of the campus at 1800 Baptist World Center Drive in Nashville, as well as three historic buildings: Griggs Hall (built in 1924), the J.B. Lawrence Administration Building (built in 1947), and the T.L. Holcomb Library (built in 1954).
College Facilities
The T.L. Holcomb and Susie McClure Library
The mission of the T.L. Holcomb and Susie McClure Library is to support the academic objectives, programs, and curriculum of American Baptist College by providing appropriate resources and services. The T.L. Holcomb and Susie McClure Library serves both the entire student body and its surrounding community. The T.L. Holcomb and Susie McClure library is a three-floor facility located in the center of campus. The Library provides research and study areas, houses the ABC Chapel and a computer lab.
The Library collection contains more than 14,000+ volumes, over 200 periodicals, and a rare collection of Bibles in over 300 different languages. The collected writings of Mohandas "Mahatma" Gandhi can be found in the library's reading room. The library has also received donations from the private collections of Dr. Renita J. Weems, Harmon Wray, and Professor Janet Wolf. These donated books cover a variety of topics including ethics, politics, social justice, theology, and Christian leadership.
The T.L. Holcomb and Susie McClure Library is a member of Project Athena. This membership enables the library to share resources with other libraries. The library staff also offers one-on-one reference assistance as well as the classroom instruction in research skills and the use of specific electronic databases.
T.L. Holcomb Chapel
Chapel services are required and held weekly in the T.L. Holcomb Chapel. Every service involves students, staff, and faculty with occasional guest preachers, alumni, and scholars in residence. Chapel services are mandatory and held weekly on Tuesday from 5:30 pm to 6:30 pm. Vesper service is held weekly on Friday beginning at 6:45 pm (attendance not required).
J. H. Flakes and J. B. Lawrence Administration Building
The Administration building was completed in 1946 and is named in honor of Dr. J.B. Lawrence, a former Secretary of the Southern Baptist Home Mission Board. In 2011, Rev. J. H. Flakes' name was added to the administration building in honor of his work and ministry on behalf of the college. This building houses administrative offices and classrooms.
Griggs Hall
Griggs Hall was the first building constructed on the campus in 1923. It was named to honor the legacy of the Griggs family: Dr. Sutton E. Griggs was the first president of American Baptist Theological Seminary (ABTS) and his father, Dr. A.R. Griggs, served as the secretary of the National Baptist Education Board. In 1948, a fifty-foot addition to the structure was completed. The school's first cafeteria was originally housed in the basement of the hall, along with modest laundry facilities. Currently, this building is undergoing renovation.
Baptist World Center
Dedicated in 1989, the Baptist World Center was constructed as a state-of-the-art Official International Headquarters for the National Baptist Convention USA, Inc. It is the very first building of its kind erected by the convention. The Baptist World Center is located on the south edge of the campus, on the original site of the former National Baptist Missionary Training center. It houses administrative offices of the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. and is used by American Baptist College for classroom space, events, workshops, and the campus dining hall. The sanctuary is large enough to accommodate the Annual Mid-Winter Board Meeting of the National Baptist Convention USA, Inc., as well as annual lectures and major conferences and convocations of the college.
John R. Lewis and Julius R. Scruggs Leadership Development Center
The Lewis-Scruggs building was opened in 2005 and named in honor of two ABC alumni, Congressman John R. Lewis (D-GA) and Rev. Dr. Julius R. Scruggs, ABC Board Member and Vice President at Large, National Baptist Convention, USA, Incorporated. The Leadership Center is located behind the T.L. Holcomb Library and Susie McClure Library
Alumni Hall
Alumni Hall is a single-story structure that was named in honor of the College's alumni. The hall, located near student apartments on the north edge of campus, is used to house the department of Campus Operations.
Student activities
American Baptist College has a variety of organizations, committees, and activities.
The Garnett-Nabrit Lectures
The Garnett-Nabrit Lectures (GNL) is an annual event held each spring to honor the legacy of the former Dean, Dr. J.H. Garnett and Dr. J.M. Nabrit, fourth President of the college. The lecture series, initiated in 1958, grew out of the annual Ministers and
Missionary Conference that began in 1937. American Baptist College hosts this annual event on campus at the World Baptist Center. Religious scholars and preachers are selected to address issues relevant for service and leadership. The lecture series provides a forum for church leaders, as well as students, to listen to, interact with, and be inspired by noted scholars, pastors, and laypersons.
The Garnett-Nabrit Lectures is the premier lecture series of the year held at American Baptist College. During the lecture series, alumni return to campus to take part in the tradition of academic enrichment. This time of homecoming allows former students to interconnect with current and prospective students providing a lasting heritage for American Baptist College. Attendance is highly recommended for all enrolled students.
Founders Day
Representatives of the National Baptist Convention, USA, Inc. and the Southern Baptist Convention founded the American Baptist Theological Seminary, now known as the American Baptist College, on May 6, 1924. The College observes this day annually with
a special service commemorating the event. Generally, special pre-Founders Day activities are sponsored on campus throughout the week and a Founders Day Memorial Service for the community of American Baptist College including the Alumni Association.
Discovery Week
Discovery Week at American Baptist College is a campus wide engagement with the Nashville at large community and beyond and path seekers who desire vocational guidance for relevant spirituality, biblical studies, and theological education.
ABC Day
American Baptist College seeks to develop leaders who aspire to become prophetic in their preaching and teaching ministry. Therefore, ABC Day allows for the college to partner up with churches in various cities to provide opportunities for students to go and
preach and represent the college as future leaders and preachers. ABC Day is often held in the Spring semester each academic year.
Student Government Association (SGA)
All students at American Baptist College carrying six hours or more are members of the Student Government Association (SGA). It is the purpose of SGA to promote the welfare of the student body and to maintain high standards of conduct for all students. Each spring the students elect a student council that supervises the student body. The president of the council serves as a liaison between the students and the administration. The SGA sponsors most of the campus-wide social events that are open to all students. These
events include parties, game nights, banquets, and annual picnics. SGA Officers includes: President, Vice President, Secretary, Treasurer, Senior Class Representative, Junior Class Representative, Sophomore Class Representative, and Freshman Class
Representative. A student must have a grade point average (GPA) of at least 2.5 to run for office and once elected must maintain a 2.5 GPA. Elections are held during the Spring semester of each school year.
Baptist Student Union
The Baptist Student Union (BSU) is a student ran organization that provides a venue for students to grow and fellowship with each other as they participate in the liturgy through: preaching, lecturing, and worship called Vesper. Vesper services are held every Friday at 7 pm. The Baptist Student Union of the National Baptist Convention USA, Inc was actually founded on the ABTS campus.
Greek Organizations
Greek-letter organizations encourage high standards of scholarship, promote programs for cultural and social growth, and stress the spirit of Inter-Greek fellowship. They operate under charters granted by the college and their respective national bodies. Students are encouraged to see Student Services for complete list of sanctioned campus charters. Membership is open to male and female students above first-year classification. Students must meet the academic standards prescribed by the college (i.e., a cumulative average of 2.5 or better), as well as academic or other standards set by the several national bodies.
Honors Day
Honors day is held during the spring semester each school year for the purpose of recognizing distinctive achievement on the part of individual students.
Constitution Day
In compliance with the U.S. Education Department, Constitution Day is recognized as a National holiday at American Baptist College. Constitution Day shall be observed each year on September 17 in commemoration of the September 17, 1787, signing of the United States Constitution. If September 17 occurs on a non-school day, Constitution Day shall be conducted on the preceding Friday.
Notable alumni
LeRoy Bailey Jr., clergy, Senior Pastor of The First Cathedral
James Bevel, civil rights leader
R. E. Cooper, Sr., Baptist pastor and civil rights leader
Cleavant Derricks, pastor, choir director, songwriter
Leroy Gilbert, Chaplain of the United States Coast Guard
Bernard Lafayette, civil rights activist, leader in the 1960s Civil Rights Movement and organizer; named first director of the Peace Education Program at Gustavus Adolphus College, St. Peter, Minnesota; recognized as one of the leading exponents of nonviolent direct action in the world and Distinguished Scholar-in-Residence at the Candler School of Theology at Emory University in Atlanta, Georgia.
John Lewis, Georgia Congressman and leader of the Civil Rights Movement
C.T. Vivian, author, minister, activist; served in Jesse Jackson's presidential campaign as the national deputy director for clergy
References
External links
Official website
Baptist universities and colleges in the United States
Baptist Christianity in Tennessee
University and college buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Bible colleges
Educational institutions established in 1924
Evangelical seminaries and theological colleges
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Tennessee
Universities and colleges in Nashville, Tennessee
Seminaries and theological colleges in Tennessee
National Register of Historic Places in Nashville, Tennessee
1924 establishments in Tennessee |
4015360 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro%20Junior%20A%20Hockey%20League | Metro Junior A Hockey League | The Metro Junior "A" Hockey League was a junior level ice hockey league based out of Southern Ontario. The league originated in 1956 as the Metro Junior "B" Hockey League, which lasted until 1991, when it changed its designation from Junior B to Junior A. It remained a Jr. A league from 1991 until 1998 when it was absorbed by the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League.
History
The teams that formed the Metropolitan league played in the Big Six Junior B league in 1950 until 1953, when a new, nine-member OHA Jr.B league was formed. The league officially took on the Metropolitan Toronto junior hockey league name in 1956. For some time, was a part of the Ontario Hockey Association and the Canadian Junior A Hockey League. As the name suggests, the league originally consisted of Junior B teams in the Toronto area. However, over time, with the defection of teams to the Junior A league, the Metro league accepted teams from wider regions. The league featured many future NHL stars, including Brad Park (Toronto Westclairs), Wayne Gretzky (Toronto Nationals), Eric Lindros (St. Michael's Buzzers), Dale Hawerchuk (Oshawa Legionaires), Ken Dryden (Etobicoke Indians), and Curtis Joseph (King City Dukes).
During the early years, the "Junior B" league was essentially the minor league feeder for the "Junior A" Ontario Hockey Association. Almost all of the Metro players eventually moved on to play in the OHA. Following the NCAA's 1980 rule change that deemed any OHL players to be professionals, amateur leagues such as the Junior B leagues grew. The Metro league became a key feeder to college hockey programs during the 1980s and 1990s, producing more than 200 future NCAA players.
The early Junior B years
The early years featured Toronto-based teams such as the St.Mike's Buzzers, Dixie Beehives, Toronto Lakeshore Bruins, Toronto Marlies/Weston Dukes, Unionville Jets, Aurora Tigers, Whitby Dunlops, Leaside Rangers, Brampton 7Ups and the Woodbridge Dodgers. For the most part, the teams served as farm teams at the Junior B level for the Junior A OHA teams. The 1964–65 season starred a 17-year-old Ken Dryden in net for the Etobicoke Indians. With Dryden in net, the Indians won the Metro league title and made it all the way to the Sutherland Cup final where they lost 4-games-to-2 to the Kitchener Greenshirts. Ken Dryden moved on to become one of the most famous NHL goaltenders of all-time. He played in the 1972 Summit Series, won the 1971 Conn Smythe Trophy as playoff MVP a season before he was officially a rookie (which he won the Calder Memorial Trophy in 1972 as Rookie of the Year), he won six Stanley Cups, and is a Hockey Hall of Fameer.
Exodus 1972
In 1972 the Metro B league was reshaped substantially when six members left to join the new Ontario Provincial Junior A league. Metro members Ajax Steelers, Aurora Tigers, Dixie Beehives, Downsview Bees, North York Rangers, and the Richmond Hill Rams left. A year later the Markham Waxers also left. To make up for the losses, the Metro league took in new members Belleville Bobcats and the Peterborough Lions from the folded Eastern Ontario Junior B Hockey League, and expanded with the Oshawa Legionaires, Bramalea Blues, Pickering Panthers, and Wexford Warriors. The Etobicoke Selects, Toronto Red Wings, and Markham Waxers joined in 1973. The Kingston Voyageurs entered the league in 1974.
In 1974, the Metro Champion Bramalea Blues defeated the Owen Sound Greys 4-games-to-3 to reach the Sutherland Cup All-Ontario Final. Upon reaching the final, the Blues defeated the Hamilton Red Wings of the Niagara & District Junior B Hockey League in Game 1, only to have a brawl involving the teams, officials, and fans breakout to the point that police were called to break up the incident. Due to the brawl, the Blues withdrew from the final and became the only team in Ontario Hockey Association history to forfeit the Sutherland Cup.
The 1975 season marked the first junior appearance by a 14-year-old "underage" Wayne Gretzky for the Toronto Nationals. In September, Walter Gretzky had Wayne moved to the City of Vaughan to play midget hockey for the Toronto Young Nats instead of playing in his hometown of Brantford, Ontario. In October, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association declared Gretzky and 15-year-old Brian Rorabek ineligible because they had established residency too late. Gretzky sued in the Canadian Courts and lost . Because Gretzky could remain in Toronto to play junior (rather than midget hockey), Gretzky tried out for the Junior B team, and made the team. In 28 games, Gretzky scored 27 goals and 33 assists to win Metro Rookie of the Year honours. The next year the team moved to Richmond Hill and became the Seneca Nationals. Gretzky scored 36 goals and 36 assists in 32 games, and then 40 goals and 35 assists in 23 playoff games to lead his team to a Metro Junior "B" Championship. The team came up short of a Sutherland Cup victory, as the Nationals were stopped dead in the 1977 All-Ontario Semi-final by the Stratford Cullitons of the Wellington-Waterloo Junior B Hockey League.
The Henry Carr Crusaders, a team sponsored by the Toronto highschool, joined the Junior "B" ranks in 1980. They won league titles in 1983, 1984, and 1987. Their best season came in 1983, where they went undefeated during the regular season, won the Metro, and then went on to win the Sutherland Cup as All-Ontario Junior "B" Champions. That team featured future NHLers Bob Essensa, Paul Cavallini and Victor Posa and NHL draft picks Rob Bryden and Allister Brown. In 1991, Henry Carr Highschool dropped its sponsorship of the team, and as of 2006 were known as the Toronto Thunderbirds.
During the 1986–87, a strange occurrence happened with the team that is now known as the Mississauga Chargers. Then known as the King City Dukes and in their third season in King since moving from Weston, the team moved mid-season to North York and renamed itself the North York Civics. The oddity here is that teams rarely do a complete locational move in the middle of a season. The next year they became the Richmond Hill Dukes and skipped around the Greater Toronto Area for the better part of the next decade trying to find a home.
During the 1988–89 season Kingston's Scott Martin won his second consecutive scoring title and League MVP award. His season totals of 62 goals and 114 points in a mere 42 games came closest to topping the league records set by NHLers Patrick Flatley during the 1980–81 season (137 points for Henry Carr), and Paul Gardner during the 1973–74 season (77 goals and 132 points for St.Mike's).
1990 departure from CJAHL and move to Junior A
The league was classified by the OHA as a Junior B league, until a falling-out in June 1990, when the Ontario Hockey Federation was formed, comprising the OHA, the Ontario major junior league, three minor hockey groups and women's hockey. The OHA was given jurisdiction over junior hockey below major junior excluding junior A in the north. Junior teams in Toronto were not members of the OHA and therefore not members of the CAHA. As a result, in 1990 the Metro league declared itself to be an independent junior league. A year later, during the summer of 1991, the league declared itself to be a Junior A league, and hired a full-time commissioner, Don Linthwaite.
The Metro League's move brought into motion changes that ultimately led to the creation of the Ontario Provincial Junior Hockey League. After the Metro league declared itself to be a Junior A league, the Central Junior B league followed, declaring itself a Junior A league after the 1992–93 season. Through November 19–21, 1993, the new junior A leagues joined with teams from the other Canadian provincial junior A leagues, and formed the Canadian Junior A Hockey League.
Exodus 1995
In 1995, crisis struck the Metro Junior A Hockey League. In the midst of perceived corruption by the league, five teams walked out on the Metro. Four of these teams, the Bramalea Blues, Kingston Voyageurs, Mississauga Chargers, and St. Michael's Buzzers, fled to join the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League. The Richmond Hill Riot folded. This marked the beginning of the end for the Metro. The Metro Junior Hockey League chose to play outside the CJAHL and CHA in 1995–96.
Hockey history was made on February 21, 1997 when Ryan Venturelli of the Muskoka Bears became the first goaltender in hockey history to score two goals (both empty net) in a hockey game against the Durham Huskies.
Despite extensive expansion, the league was not able to retain its past glory and was swallowed whole by the OPJHL in 1998. The Metro league folded, with most of its teams being taken in by the OPJHL, as well as many of its players. So far the most successful of these teams seem to be the Aurora Tigers, who after winning the OPJHL and Dudley Hewitt Cup in 2004, they took home the Royal Bank Cup 2004 as CJAHL National Champions as well. The league produced numerous stars, both in the NHL and as a feeder for NCAA college hockey, having produced 350 NCAA Division I scholarship athletes from 1980 to 1998.
Teams
Champions
Please note: On the chart, the bolded team is the league champion.
(*) denotes that there was no clear winner to the Eastern Division in 1998, but Syracuse did maintain a better record than Oshawa in the 1998 playoffs and is the closest the division has to a playoff champion.
Sutherland Cup Provincial Jr. B Champions
See also
List of ice hockey leagues
Ontario Hockey Association
Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League
Royal Bank Cup
External links
Ontario Provincial League Website
OHA Website
Defunct ice hockey leagues in Ontario
Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League
1950 establishments in Ontario
Sports leagues established in 1950
1998 disestablishments in Ontario
Defunct junior ice hockey leagues in Canada |
4015361 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel%20Jocelyn | Nathaniel Jocelyn | Nathaniel Jocelyn (January 31, 1796 – January 13, 1881)
was an American painter and engraver best known for his portraits of abolitionists and of the slave revolt leader Joseph Cinqué.
Family and education
Nathaniel Jocelyn was born in New Haven, Connecticut, the son of clockmaker and engraver Simeon Jocelin and Luceanah Smith. He trained under his father as a watchmaker, later taking up drawing, engraving, and oil painting. He studied engraving with George Munger around 1813; they published at least one print together under the name Jocelin & Munger. In 1817, Munger painted one of the few known portraits of Jocelyn.
The inventor Eli Whitney also helped to foster his career, and in 1820 he briefly worked in the studio of Samuel F. B. Morse. Later, in 1829–30, he furthered his education by touring Europe with Morse and the architect Ithiel Town.
During the War of 1812, at the age of 16, he volunteered for the Governor's Foot Guard, which defended the city of Madison, Connecticut.
In 1818, he married Sarah Atwater Plant of New Haven. They had six daughters and a son, Isaac, who died at the age of six.
Career
In 1817, Jocelyn moved to Hartford, Connecticut, where helped set up the Hartford Graphic and Bank Note Engraving Company. From 1820 to 1822 he lived in Savannah, Georgia, where he established himself as a painter of portraits and miniatures. On returning to New Haven in 1822, he continued as a portraitist. He was an abolitionist, and among his sitters were several notable abolitionists, including William Lloyd Garrison. Garrison declared that Jocelyn's portrait was a "tolerable likeness," but remarked that "those who imagine that I am a monster, on seeing it will... deny its accuracy, seeing no horns about the head."
Another of Jocelyn's well-known works is his 1839 portrait of Joseph Cinqué, leader of a revolt on the Spanish slave ship La Amistad. Jocelyn and his brother Simeon were also active in seeking legal counsel for Cinqué's defense.
In 1827 he was elected an Associate of the National Academy of Design, and he became a full Academician in 1846. Throughout his career, he often showed work at the academy's annual exhibitions.
Jocelyn continued as an engraver alongside his portrait business. In the 1830s, he and his brother Simeon Smith Jocelyn founded and ran an engraving company under the name N. & S. S. Jocelyn.
From 1843 to 1847, Jocelyn had a second portrait studio in New York City. His New Haven studio burned in 1849, and for a time he gave up painting for engraving, initially with the firm of Toppan, Carpenter & Co. He went on to found the National Bank Note Engraving Company, where he served as head of the art department through to the end of the Civil War.
After the war, he returned to painting, working out of a studio provided for him at the recently founded Yale School of Art, where he served as curator of Italian art. He retired in 1864 and died in New Haven.
Legacy
In 1858, Jocelyn and his brother gave a piece of land to the city of New Haven to be used as public park and playground. It is now known as Jocelyn Square.
Many of Jocelyn's portraits are in the collection of Yale University.
References
American portrait painters
19th-century American painters
American male painters
Artists from New Haven, Connecticut
1796 births
1881 deaths
Burials at Grove Street Cemetery
19th-century American male artists |
4015364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metro%20Junior%20Hockey%20League | Metro Junior Hockey League | Metro Junior Hockey League may refer to:
Metro Junior A League, a Junior 'A' hockey league from 1961 to 1963 that operated in association with the Ontario Hockey Association
Metro Junior A Hockey League, a Junior 'A' hockey league from 1991 to 1998 that was later absorbed by the Ontario Provincial Junior A Hockey League
See also
Metropolitan Junior Hockey League, an American Tier III Junior ice hockey league with teams in the eastern USA, renamed as North American 3 Atlantic Hockey League (NA3AHL) for the 2016–17 season |
4015371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cousteau%20%28band%29 | Cousteau (band) | Cousteau are a London-based band who enjoyed considerable international success, particularly in Italy and the U.S. from 1999 to 2005. The band's sound has been compared to Burt Bacharach, Scott Walker and David Bowie with an updated contemporary edge.
Their best known song remains the single "The Last Good Day of the Year", from their eponymous debut album. It has featured in advertisements (such as those for Nissan in the United States and Borsci in Italy), films (such as Happily Ever After, with Charlotte Gainsbourg, winner of the Special Selection category at the Toronto Film Festival 2005, and South Kensington with Rupert Everett) and documentaries and television programmes around the world. It also enjoyed radio play on both BBC Radio 1 and BBC Radio 2 in the UK, later becoming a staple of the NPR and AAA networks in the US.
History
The first release of the 1999 eponymous album was 'home-made' and included many demos produced for various major labels. 3,000 copies of the album were pressed by indie label Global Warming (later to become Series 8) set up by Trevor Holden. The album sold out after receiving good reviews, including a 5-star review in Uncut magazine, and recommended album in Time Out London. When the band signed to Chris Blackwell's Palm Pictures label a decision was made to re-record the majority of the album (two tracks, including 'Last Good Day of the Year', were not changed). On re-release the album was Album Of The Week in The Guardian in the UK, and went on to sell more than 230,000 copies internationally.
The band achieved gold-record status in Europe after years of consistent touring and promotion, including tours supporting The Dandy Warhols, David Gray, and Goldfrapp.
In 2002 the second album, Sirena, was released; the version released in the US included a DVD with videos and unreleased live songs. This album sold over 80,000 copies, and contains the singles 'Talking to Myself' and '(Damn These) Hungry Times'. Sirena was met with critical acclaim from the likes of Rolling Stone, USA Today and Billboard, and most notably a 2-page colour feature in The New York Times. In 2005 Sirena was awarded Classic Album status in The Sydney Morning Herald.
The band's line-up changed when songwriter/producer Davey Ray Moor left to pursue production jobs in Italy, such as the No. 4 album Dove Sei Tu for Cristina Dona, a solo album 'Telepathy', released in Europe in the USA (included in Republica's Critics Top 100, 2004) and television soundtracks.
Songwriting duties were taken on by singer Liam McKahey, and after a change in record companies, the group returned in 2005 with the album Nova Scotia, produced by U2's engineer Ger McDonnel. Lead singer Liam McKahey (now resident in Australia) released a solo album in 2009 as 'Liam McKahey and the Bodies' entitled Lonely Road, and 2014 saw the release of a second album entitled 'Black Vinyl Heart'.
The HBO network in the US continues to license Cousteau's earlier work, with their song 'Mesmer' appearing in a feature about Heidi Fleiss, and 'The Last Good Day of The Year' in the HBO film Tell Me You Love Me and again in the 2005 French movie Happily Ever After.
Reboot
In 2016 it was announced that Liam McKahey and Davey Ray Moor were returning as CousteauX and were back in the recording studio preparing new music. To honour the new era the band placed an X at the end of their name. Cousteaux is another popular French family name. The new CousteauX began with a sold-out debut at The Blue Note in Milan in May 2016. A new album (CousteauX) was released in September 2017 on Silent X Records to international critical acclaim. The duo have performed gigs in London, Portugal and Milan.
Another new album, Stray Gods, will be released in August 2021.
Members
Current
Liam McKahey – vocals, percussion
Davey Ray Moor – songwriter, producer, multiple instruments
Former
Robin Brown – guitars
Joe Peet – bass guitar, violin, double bass
Dan Church – drums on the Global Warming Cousteau album
Craig Vear – drums and percussion
Discography
Albums
Cousteau – 1999, Global Warming Ltd (GLOB CD 5)
Cousteau (reissue) – 2000, Palm Pictures Ltd (PALMCD 2058-2)
Sirena – 2002, Palm Pictures Ltd (PALMCD 2083-2)
Nova Scotia – 2005, Endeavur
CousteauX – 2017, Silent X Records
Stray Gods – 2021
Singles (CD)
"The Last Good Day Of The Year" 1999, Global Warming Ltd (WARM CD 6)The Last Good Day Of The Year (radio mix) / Captain Swing / Love In The Meantime / The Last Good Day Of The Year (album mix)
"She Don't Hear Your Prayer" 2000, Palm Pictures Ltd (PPCD 7032-2)She Don't Hear Your Prayer / Lovers In A Loveless Place (Babyman Remix) / Late September Rain
"The Last Good Day Of The Year" 2000, Palm Pictures Ltd (PPCD 7043-2)The Last Good Day Of The Year / Captain Swing / Rachael Lately
"The Last Good Day Of The Year" (US promotional enhanced CD) 2001, Palm Pictures Ltd (PRCD v20581)The Last Good Day Of The Year / Mesmer / You My Lunar Queen / The Last Good Day Of The Year (video)
"Into The Blue EP" (US promotional EP) 2001, Palm Pictures Ltd (PRCD v20583)She Don't Hear Your Prayer (live) / (Shades Of) Ruinous Blue (live) / Jump In The River (live) / Rachael Lately
"Into The Blue EP" (Italian promotional EP) 2001, Nun Entertainment/Tutto magazineHeavy Weather (album version) / The Last Good Day of the Year (remix by Feel Good Production) / The Last Good Day of the Year (live) / She Don't Hear Your Prayer (live) / (Shades Of) Ruinous Blue (live) / Jump In The River (live)
"Wish You Were Her" 2001, Palm Pictures Ltd (PPCD 7049-2)Wish You Were Her / To Know Her / The Cuttlefish Walks The Cuttlefish Waltz
"Talking To Myself" 2002, Palm Pictures Ltd (PPCD 7074-2)Talking To Myself / Short Sighted, Beautiful And Shy / Last Secret Of The Sea
"(Damn These) Hungry Times" 2002, Palm Pictures Ltd (PPCD 7089)(Damn These) Hungry Times (Bedroom Rockers Remix Radio Edit) / (Damn These) Hungry Times (album version) / Nothing So Bad
Other contributions
WYEP Live and Direct: Volume 4 – On Air Performances (2002) – "Last Good Day of the Year"
KINK LIVE (2002) – "Last Good Day of the Year"
Live @ The World Cafe Tenth Anniversary Edition (2001) – "Last Good Day of the Year"
From the Mountain Music Lounge Volume 9 (2003) – "Last Good Day of the Year"
City Folk Live IV (2001) – "Last Good Day of the Year"
DETLIVE Vol 3 (2002) – "Your Day Will Come"
Sounds Eclectic Too (2002) – "You My Lunar Queen"
Sing a Song for You: Tribute to Tim Buckley (2002) – "Blue Melody"
References
External links
British indie pop groups
English pop music groups
Palm Pictures artists |
4015382 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bartholomew%20Burghersh%20the%20younger | Bartholomew Burghersh the younger | Bartholomew Burghersh, 2nd Baron Burghersh KG (bef. 1329 – 5 April 1369), called 'the younger', was an English nobleman and soldier.
Life
He was the son of Bartholomew Burghersh the elder, adopted his father's profession of arms and rivalled him in military distinction.
His recorded career begins in 1339, when he accompanied Edward III in his expedition to Flanders and took part in the first invasion of French territory.
We find his name also as attending the king on his third inglorious and unprofitable campaign in Brittany in 1342–3.
In 1346, he was one of the retinue of Edward the Black Prince, then in his fifteenth year, in the Battle of Crécy, and in the following year was present at the Siege of Calais, being rewarded for his distinguished services there by a rich wardship. In 1349, he was in the campaign in Gascony.
On the institution of the Order of the Garter in 1348, he was chosen to be one of the first knights companions.
In 1354, he fulfilled a religious vow by taking a journey to the Holy Land.
On his return home, he joined the Black Prince in the expedition, in 1355.
He was one of the most eminent of the commanders of the invading army, and had a leading share in the events of the campaign, especially in the Battle of Poitiers, 19 September 1356.
A daring exploit of Burghersh is recorded by Froissart shortly before the battle.
In company with Sir John Chandos and Sir James Audley, and attended by only four-and-twenty horsemen, he made an excursion from the main body of the army, and, falling on the rear of the French army, took thirty-two knights and gentlemen prisoners.
His prowess and skill were again tried about the same time, when, on his return with a small foraging party at Romorantin near Berry, he was attacked from an ambuscade by a much more formidable force, which, however, he managed to keep at bay till relieved by the Black Prince.
During this campaign his father, Lord Burghersh, died, and he received livery of his lands as his heir.
In 1359, he again accompanied Edward III on his last and most formidable invasion of France, ending in the decisive treaty of Brétigny, 8 May 1360.
He was deputed to aid in the negotiation of this treaty between 'the firstborn sons of the kings of England and France' at Chartres, for which letters of protection were given him. He and his brother commissioners were taken prisoners in violation of the bond, and Edward had to interpose to obtain their liberation.
During this campaign Knighton records his successful siege of the castle of Sourmussy in Gascony, in which he appears to have evidenced no common skill.
In 1362, he was appointed one of the commissioners on the state of Ireland.
When, in 1364, King John II of France, to make atonement for the Louis I, Duke of Anjou's breach of faith, determined to yield himself back to captivity, to die three months alter his Landing at the Savoy Palace, Burghersh was one of the nobles deputed to receive him at Dover and conduct him by Canterbury to Edward's presence at Eltham.
In 1366, he was one of the commissioners sent to Urban V, who had rashly demanded the payment of the arrears of the tribute granted by King John.
His death took place in 1369.
By his desire, he was buried in the lady chapel of Walsingham Abbey.
Family
He married before 10 May 1335 Cecily de Weyland, by whom he had one daughter:
Elizabeth Burghersh (c. 1342–1409), suo jure Baroness Burghersh, she married Edward le Despencer, 1st Baron le Despencer before December 1364.
After the death of Cecily, he married Margaret Gisors, by whom he had no children.
Notes
Attribution
References
Excerpt from The Institution, Laws and Ceremonies of the Most Noble Order of the Garter, by Elias Ashmole
Weis, Frederick Lewis, Walter Lee Sheppard, William Ryland Beall, and Kaleen E. Beall. Ancestral Roots of Certain American Colonists Who Came to America Before 1700: Lineages from Alfred the Great, Charlemagne, Malcolm of Scotland, Robert the Strong, and Other Historical Individuals. Baltimore, Md: Genealogical Pub. Co, 2006. Line 70–34.
Burghersh, Bartholomew de, 2nd Baron
Burghersh, Bartholomew de, 2nd Baron
14th-century English nobility
Barons Burghersh
Garter Knights appointed by Edward III
People of the Hundred Years' War |
4015387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abd%20al-Wahid%20al-Marrakushi | Abd al-Wahid al-Marrakushi | ʿAbd al-Wāḥid ibn ʿAlī al-Tamīmī al-Marrākushī (; born 7 July 1185 in Marrakech, died 1250) was a Moroccan historian who lived during the Almohad period.
Abdelwahid was born in Marrakech in 1185 during the reign of Yaqub al-Mansur, in 1194 he moved to Fes to pursue his studies, but continued traveling back and forth between the two cities for academic purposes. In 1206 he left for al-Andalus where he stayed for nine years before returning to Morocco. In 1224 he completed Kitab al-mujib fi talkhis akhbar ahl al-Maghrib (The pleasant book in summarizing the history of the Maghreb), a history of the Almohad dynasty as well as the preceding dynasty of the Almoravids coupled with a summary of Al Andalus history from the Muslim conquest until 1224. The book was written in a lighthearted spirit with many anecdotes; Abdelwahid explained that his intention was to inform and entertain the students in a summarized way since academic history books tend to be overly lengthy which can sometimes bore the reader. The book contains valuable information about Ibn Rushd (a contemporary of Abdelwahid) as well as information directly taken from the Almohad archives, various princes and accounts of events that the author witnessed.
Although he vowed respect for the Almohad dynasty and its founding tribe the Masmuda, the book was fairly objective as it contained criticism of the actions of some of its kings as well as a neutral account of the dynasty's founder Ibn Tumart and his teachings. Another aspect of this is the account about the Almoravids, who were the rivals of the Almohads, but were properly credited with their good deeds. Additionally events of in-fighting between the Almohad princes were properly reported, contrary to Ibn Abi Zar, writing a century later under the Marinids, who omitted to report about significant plots and revolts that occurred during his lifetime.
Abdelwahid finished his life in Egypt, as he reported in his book that the later events of the Almohads did not reach him in great detail since he was away.
References
Bibliography
Abdel Wahid al-Marrakushi, The history of the Almohades, preceded by a sketch of the history of Spain from the time of the conquest till the reign of Yúsof ibn-Téshúfin, and of the history of the Almoravides, ed. R.P.A. Dozy, 1968 (reprint of the second edition, Leyden 1881; first edition Leyden 1847)
1185 births
Place of death missing
13th-century deaths
People from Marrakesh
Moroccan emigrants to Egypt
13th-century Moroccan historians
Almohad historians |
4015393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20Simplified%20Boiling%20Water%20Reactor | Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor | The Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR) is a passively safe generation III+ reactor design derived from its predecessor, the Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (SBWR) and from the Advanced Boiling Water Reactor (ABWR). All are designs by GE Hitachi Nuclear Energy (GEH), and are based on previous Boiling Water Reactor designs.
Passive safety system
The passive nuclear safety systems in an ESBWR operate without using any pumps, which creates increased design safety, integrity, and reliability, while simultaneously reducing overall reactor cost. It also uses natural circulation to drive coolant flow within the reactor pressure vessel (RPV); this results in fewer systems to maintain, and precludes significant BWR casualties such as recirculation line breaks. There are no circulation pumps or associated piping, power supplies, heat exchangers, instrumentation, or controls needed for these systems.
ESBWR's passive safety systems include a combination of three systems that allow for the efficient transfer of decay heat (created from nuclear decay) from the reactor to pools of water outside containmentthe Isolation Condenser System, the Gravity Driven Cooling System, and the Passive Containment Cooling System. These systems utilize natural circulation based on simple laws of physics to transfer the decay heat outside containment while maintaining water levels inside the reactor, keeping the nuclear fuel submerged in water and adequately cooled.
In events where the reactor coolant pressure boundary remains intact, the Isolation Condenser System (ICS) is used to remove decay heat from the reactor and transfer it outside containment. The ICS system is a closed loop system that connects the reactor pressure vessel to a heat exchanger located in the upper elevation of the reactor building. Steam leaves the reactor through the ICS piping and travels to the ICS heat exchangers which are submerged in a large pool. The steam is condensed in the heat exchangers and the denser condensate then flows back down to the reactor to complete the cooling loop. Reactor coolant is cycled through this flow path to provide continuous cooling and to add water to the reactor core.
In cases where the reactor coolant pressure boundary does not remain intact and water inventory in the core is being lost, the Passive Containment Cooling System (PCCS) and Gravity Driven Cooling System (GDCS) work in concert to maintain the water level in the core and remove decay heat from the reactor by transferring it outside containment.
If the water level inside the reactor pressure vessel drops to a predetermined level, due to the loss of water inventory, the reactor is depressurized and the GDCS is initiated. It consists of large pools of water inside containment located above the reactor that are connected to the reactor pressure vessel. When the GDCS system is initiated, gravity forces water to flow from the pools into the reactor. The pools are sized to provide sufficient amounts of water to maintain the water at a level above the top of the nuclear fuel. After the reactor has been depressurized, the decay heat is transferred to the containment as water inside the reactor boils and exits the reactor pressure vessel into the containment in the form of steam.
The PCCS consists of a set of heat exchangers located in the upper portion of the reactor building. The steam from the reactor rises through the containment to the PCCS heat exchangers where the steam is condensed. The condensate then drains from the PCCS heat exchangers back to the GDCS pools where it completes the cycle and drains back to the reactor pressure vessel.
Both the ICS and PCCS heat exchangers are submerged in a pool of water large enough to provide 72 hours of reactor decay heat removal capability. The pool is vented to the atmosphere and is located outside of the containment. The combination of these features allows the pool to be refilled easily with low pressure water sources and installed piping.
The reactor core is shorter than in conventional BWR plants to reduce the pressure drop over the fuel, thereby enabling natural circulation. There are 1,132 fuel rod bundles and the thermal power is 4,500 MWth in the standardized SBWR. The nominal output is rated at 1594 MWe gross and 1535 MWe net, yielding an overall plant Carnot efficiency of approximately 35%.
In case of an accident, the ESBWR can remain in a safe, stable state for 72 hours without any operator action or even electrical power. ESBWR safety systems are designed to operate normally in the event of station blackout, which prevented proper functioning of the emergency core cooling systems at the Fukushima Daiichi Nuclear Power Plant. Below the vessel, there is a piping structure that allows for cooling of the core during any very severe accident. These pipes facilitate cooling above and below the molten core with water. The final safety evaluation report accepted by the NRC reports an overall core damage frequency of 1.65 * 10−8 per year (i.e., roughly once every 60 million years).
NRC design review process
The ESBWR received a positive Safety Evaluation Report and Final Design Approval on March 9, 2011. On June 7, 2011, the NRC completed its public comment period. Final rule was issued on September 16, 2014, after two outstanding problems with GE-Hitachi's modeling of loads on the steam dryer were solved.
In January 2014, GE Hitachi paid $2.7 million to resolve a lawsuit alleging it made false claims to the NRC about its analysis of the steam dryer.
The NRC granted design approval in September 2014.
Construction and operation licences
However, in September 2015, at the request of owner Entergy, the NRC withdrew the Combined Construction and Operating License application for the first proposed ESBWR unit at Grand Gulf Nuclear Generating Station.
On May 31, 2017, the Nuclear Regulatory Commission announced that it had authorized the issuance of a Combined License for North Anna Nuclear Generating Station unit 3.
See also
Nuclear power
Nuclear safety in the United States
Economics of nuclear power plants
Generation III reactor
European Pressurized Reactor
Nuclear Power 2010 Program
Other Generation III+ designs
EPR
US-APWR
VVER-TOI
ACR
References
External links
GE Energy ESBWR website
Status report 100 - Economic Simplified Boiling Water Reactor (ESBWR), ARIS, IAEA, 01-08-2011
POWER magazine article on the ESBWR
NRC ESBWR Overview page
ESBWR Probabilistic Risk Assessment
ESBWR Design Control Document, Rev. 10
Design overview published in ANS Nuclear News (2006).
Nuclear power reactor types
Nuclear power in the United States
Boiling water reactors |
4015423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MITMOT | MITMOT | MITMOT ("Mac and mImo Technologies for More Throughput") proposal for IEEE 802.11n, the high throughput Wi-Fi MIMO standard has been initiated jointly by Motorola and Mitsubishi in order to propose a new PHY and MAC layer specification competing with WWiSE and TGnSync proposals addressing the need for integration of Wi-Fi chipsets into mobile phones.
MITMOT high throughput Wi-Fi IEEE802.11n proposal features
This proposal was motivated by the fact that according to latest market forecasts, in 2009 one third of the mobile phones will be Wi-Fi enabled which corresponds to 200 million units sold per year to be compared to a 70 million Wi-Fi PCs volume. Thus handsets will soon capture the predominant share of the entire Wi-Fi market. IEEE 802.11n thus has to mark an evolution from the IEEE IT-centric focus towards finally capturing both the consumer electronic and handset industry technical requirements.
To anticipate and contribute to this change, according to MITMOT proposal summary, it has introduced the following technical features to enable a better support of handsets:
Built-in support for asymmetric antenna configurations to accommodate various terminal sizes (Phone/PDA/PC) offering a scalable and evolutionary solution using space time block codes
Exploit the spatial diversity provided by MIMO not only to increase the peak data rate but also to grant range extension for indoor/limited outdoor operation (i.e. SOHO, corporate enterprise networks, and public "hotspots")
Support heterogeneous traffic: increase overall peak data rate without jeopardizing lower data rates modes
Focus on simple and proved technologies by considering low complexity open-loop MIMO solutions
Enhance support for low power operation to offer comparable battery lifetime to existing cellular phones with increased throughput efficiency compared to IEEE 802.11e
The TGn group of IEEE 802.11 after having suspended the down-selection process in order to allow the merging of the remaining candidate proposals: WWiSE, TGnSync and MITMOT into a single Joint Proposal (JP), has elected at the January 2006 IEEE 802.11 Hawaii meeting the resulting proposal containing handset features as the task group draft.
External links and references
MITMOT IEEE802.11n presentation: IEEE802 standard document 11-04-1369-07-000n and 11-05-0735-00-000n
MITMOT IEEE802.11n specification: IEEE802 standard document 11-04-1372-06-000n
IEEE802.11n standard process status: http://grouper.ieee.org/groups/802/11/Reports/tgn_update.htm
Telecommunications standards
Networking standards |
4015427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Semitic%20languages | East Semitic languages | The East Semitic languages are one of three divisions of the Semitic languages. The East Semitic group is attested by three distinct languages, Akkadian, Eblaite and possibly Kishite all of which have been long extinct. They were influenced by the non-Semitic Sumerian language and adopted cuneiform writing.
East Semitic languages stand apart from other Semitic languages, traditionally called West Semitic, in a number of respects: historically, it is believed that this linguistic situation came about as speakers of East Semitic languages wandered further east, settling in Mesopotamia during the third millennium BCE, as attested by Akkadian texts from this period. By the beginning of the second millennium BCE, East Semitic languages, in particular Akkadian, had come to dominate the region.
Phonology
Modern understanding of the phonology of East Semitic languages can only be derived from careful study of written texts and comparison with the reconstructed Proto-Semitic. Most striking is the reduction of the inventory of back consonants, that is velar and pharyngeal fricatives, as well as glottals. Akkadian only preserves and (partly) as a single phoneme transcribed and usually reconstructed as a voiceless velar or uvular fricative. The sounds have all been lost. Their elision appears to give rise to the presence of an e vowel, where it is not found in other Semitic languages (for example, Akk. bēl 'master' < PS. *ba‘al). It also appears that the series of interdental fricatives became sibilants (for example, Akk. šalšu 'three' < PS. *). However, the exact phonological make-up of the languages is not fully known, and the absence of features may have been the result of the inadequacies of Sumerian orthography to describe the sounds of Semitic languages rather than their real absence.
The word order in East Semitic may also have been influenced by Sumerian, being subject–object–verb rather than the West Semitic verb–subject–object order.
References
Huehnergard, J. 1995. “Semitic Languages.” Pp. 2117–2134 in Civilizations of the Ancient Near East. Jack Sasson (editor). New York.
Languages attested from the 3rd millennium BC
Semitic languages |
4015440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marguerite%20Barankitse | Marguerite Barankitse | Marguerite (Maggie) Barankitse (born in 1957 in Ruyigi, Ruyigi province, Burundi) is a humanitarian activist who works to improve the welfare of children and challenge ethnic discrimination in Burundi. After rescuing 25 children from a massacre, she was forced to witness the conflicts between the Hutu and Tutsi in her country in 1993. She established Maison Shalom, a shelter that provided access to healthcare, education, and culture to over 20,000 orphan children in need. Because she protested against a third term for President Nkurunziza, she lives in exile.
During the 26 years that it operated in Burundi, Maison Shalom grew into a large network of schools, hospitals, and healthcare services across the country. Its purpose was to improve the lives of Burundi's children, through integrated and sustainable development with the ultimate aim of fostering lasting peace in the country.
However, in 2015 Barabkitse was forced to flee her country, and Maison Shalom plunged into a political crisis. Far from surrendering, Barabkitse shifted her focus and decided to dedicate all of her energy to helping more than 90,000 Burundian refugees in Rwanda. In 2017, she opened the Community Center Oasis of Peace in Kigali to help schoolchildren, offer psychological and social support to torture and rape victims, and implement sustainable development activities in areas such as health, education, vocational training, culture, and income-generation. She stated that her vision is to instill dignity in refugees to keep their dreams alive: "Evil never has the last word – Love always wins."
Barabkitse has received numerous awards, including the Juan Maria Bandres Prize for Asylum Rights, and the French Government's Human Rights Prize (both 1998), the World Children's Prize (2003), the Four Freedoms Award (Freedom From Want), the Voices of Courage Award of the Women's Commission for Women and Refugee Children (both 2004), the Nansen Refugee Award (2005), the Opus Prize (2008), the UNESCO Prize (both 2008), the Prize for Conflict Prevention (2011), and the Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity (2016).
Biography
Marguerite "Maggie" Barankitse was born in 1957 in Ruyigi, East-Burundi, one of the poorest regions of the country. Of Tutsi heritage, she was a teacher at a local secondary school but was fired because of her protests against discrimination between the Hutu and Tutsi in the field. She then went to work as a secretary for the Catholic bishop in Ruyigi. Despite mounting tensions, Barabkitse put her dream of ethnic harmony into practice by adopting seven children: four Hutus and three Tutsis. As violence escalated between the two tribes following the assassination of the first democratically elected president of Burundi, a group of armed Tutsis descended on Ruyigi on October 23, 1993, to kill the Hutu families who were hiding in the Bishop's manor. Barabkitse had managed to hide many of the children but was caught by the fighters. They beat and humiliated her and forced her to watch the killing of 72 Hutus, but she refused to tell them where the children were hidden. Ultimately, she was spared only because of her Tutsi heritage. After the ordeal, Barankitse gathered her adopted children and the surviving orphans and hid them in a nearby school. As more and more children sought shelter with her, she decided to create a small nongovernmental organisation: Maison Shalom, the House of Peace. Her house was open to children of all ethnic origins: Tutsi, Hutu, and Twa. She calls them "My Hutsitwa children", and they call her Oma (or "grandmother" in German). In the following years, Maison Shalom in Ruyigi was one of the few places in Burundi where Hutus and Tutsis cohabited in harmony.
Since the events of 1993, over 20,000 children and youth have benefited from Maison Shalom. Before the current crisis in Burundi, the organisation employed more than 270 people, including nurses, psychologists, and educators who implemented special projects for the children.
In April 2016, Barabkitse spoke out against the third term of President Pierre Nkurunziza and joined the youth demonstrations denouncing him. As a result, she was obliged to hide for a month in an embassy in Bujumbura. Eventually, she had to flee; the government had her name on a death list. Barabkitse found herself a refugee.
Maison Shalom in Burundi
In the autumn of 1993, after the assassination of Melchior Ndadaye, the first democratically elected president of Burundi (a Hutu), the Burundian civil war began with massacres taking place throughout the country. In the province of Ruyigi, disaster struck on 24 October. To exact vengeance for the killing of members of their ethnic group, the Tutsi hunted the town's Hutus, who were hiding in diocese buildings. Barankitse, a Tutsi, was also there, and she tried to reason with the group of Tutsi to not to use violence. However, her efforts were in vain: They decided to tie her to a chair and forced her to watch the killing of 72 of her friends.
A few hours after the massacre, the children of the victims started to come out of their hiding places. That day, Barankitse says, she realized that her mission would be to fight the violence ravaging her country by giving those children, and the 20,000 who would follow, an alternative to hate. Amid the prevailing disaster, the news spread rapidly about the "crazy woman of Ruyigi" who dared to take in all of the orphans who came to her, never refusing anyone. Twa, Hutu, Tutsi: Barankitse made no distinction.
Barankitse initially gathered the 25 orphaned children of the Ruyigi massacre. With the help of European and Burundian friends, she organized a network that provided care for a growing number of children. In May 1994, the Roman Catholic bishop of Ruyigi, Bishop Joseph Nduhirubusa agreed to transform a former school into a children's shelter called 'Maison Shalom'. It was named so named by the children, in memory of a song heard on the radio at the time, and because the word "peace" in Kirundi had been instrumentalized and defiled by the slaughterers on both sides of the conflict.
Maison Shalom's focus was predominantly children, including child soldiers, orphans, mutilated children, and minors in prison. However, its services were available to the entire community, having an impact not only on the lives of orphans but also the entire region that could access to its services. Maison Shalom's activities soon also expanded to other cities such as Butezi and Gizuru, where Barankitse opened other children's shelters.
Over the years, what was merely a shelter seeking to protect orphans from both sides after the civil war, grew into an entire village, and included a bank, a crèche, the REMA Hospital, a hotel, a shop, a resource centre for learning sewing and computing, a mechanic training school, a swimming pool, and even a cinema.
Many of the activities were income-generating initiatives run by the youth themselves, such as the guesthouse, the cinema, the car workshop, and the like. When they became independent, the young people supported by Maison Shalom received a small house and a plot of land.
In 2004 an estimated 20,000 children had benefited from Barankitse's help, either directly or indirectly.
By 2015, over 300 houses for children and youth aged between 4 and 20 had been built. The NGO also helped internally displaced persons and returning Burundian refugees to reintegrate in Ruyigi and to find their missing relatives. Barankitse was also on the frontline in the battle against HIV/AIDS, setting up counselling projects to promote HIV/AIDS prevention. She and her staff cared for over 100 HIV-infected children who had been abandoned or orphaned.
Barankitse also started an initiative to help imprisoned youth. Some children were born in prison, and she worked to find them a better life, through education and a home outside prison. Her team continued to promote agriculture and established a microfinance project to enable the parents to develop small businesses.
In 2015, however, everything fell apart. The Burundian government started suppressing protests against President Nkurunziza. Thousands of Burundians started fleeing to Rwanda, Uganda, Tanzania or the DRC. Barankitse protested, cared for the wounded young, and fed those who were in prison. But in June 2015, Barankitse was herself forced to flee. In Burundi, there is a price on her head.
Maison Shalom Rwanda and the Community Center Oasis of Peace
Barankitse refused to spend her days in Europe comfortably and decided to dedicate her energy to help more than 90,000 Burundian refugees in Rwanda. She started with her expertise: education. She fought for education for children and university students in refugee camps. She put 126 children in preschool, 160 in secondary school, and obtained 353 scholarships for university-level refugee students to join Rwandan universities, and 10 scholarships for the best students to study in universities abroad.
In May 2017, Barankitse opened the Community Center Oasis of Peace for schoolchildren, offer psychological and social support to victims of torture and rape, and to implement activities of sustainable development in areas such as health, education, vocational training, culture, and income-generation. The Center offers a variety of courses including in English language, culinary arts, tailoring, embroidery, and painting. It also has a restaurant and is cyber-equipped with computers with internet connections for research and basic computer training. Approximately 200 people come every day to the Centre and benefit from the various services offered by Maison Shalom.
Maison Shalom seeks to help refugees and especially young people in exile to live in dignity, to use the period of exile for empowerment and forgiveness for those who forced them to flee their homeland.
Mahama Elite Center at Mahama Refugee Camp and
Since 2015, more than 430,000 Burundians have been forced to flee and to seek refuge in neighbouring countries such as Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda. Among them, more than 90,000 are in Rwanda, of which 58,000 live in Mahama Refugee Camp. This camp is considered to be a model case of refugee management in the East African Region.
To support the refugees living there, Maison Shalom opened the Mahama Elite Center on 22 June 2018. This training center was poised to offer vocational training and employment to Burundian refugees in the camp. The project will enable young people to improve their living conditions but also to strengthen their entrepreneurship skills.
Awards and honours
The scope of her action, as well as the fact that she protects all children without consideration of their origin, Tutsi or Hutu, brought Maggy praise from all corners of the world:
1998 : Prix des Droits de l'homme de la République française – Liberté – Égalité – Fraternité (Human Rights award of the French government)
2000 : North-South Prize from the Council of Europe
2003 : World's Children's Prize for the Rights of the Child
2004 : Voices of Courage Award of the Women's Commission for Women and Refugee Children
2004 : Nansen Refugee Award
2008 : Opus Prize
2008 : UNESCO Prize
In June 2009, Grand Duchess Maria Teresa of Luxembourg, UNICEF Eminent Advocate for Children, visited Maison Shalom during a tour of Burundi. In October 2011, the Grand Duchess welcomed Marguerite Barankitse to Luxembourg to open a photographic exhibition in support of Maison Shalom.
On November 24, 2011, Barankitse received the Prize for Conflict Prevention from the hands of Kofi Annan. The Conflict Prevention Prize is awarded every year by the Fondation Chirac, launched in 2008 by former French president Jacques Chirac.
In 2011 Barankitse received the journalistic prize Golden Doves for Peace issued by the Italian Research Institute Archivio Disarmo.
On April 24, 2016, Marguerite was awarded the $1.1 million Aurora Prize for Awakening Humanity, an award given to humanitarians in memory of the Armenian genocide.
Honorary degrees
2017 Degree of Doctor of Laws (honoris causa) of Rhodes University, Eastern Cape, South Africa
2013 Emory University, Honorary Doctor's Degree, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
2013 Duke University, Honorary Doctor's Degree, Durham, North Carolina, USA, alongside Melinda Gates
2012 Université de Lille, France, Honorary Doctor's Degree
2011 Doctor Honoris Causa, Université Catholique de Lille, France
2004 Doctor Honoris Causa from the University of Louvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
Books about Maggy and Maison Shalom
La haine n'aura pas le dernier mot, in French by Christel Martin, Editions Michel Albin 2005
Madre di diecimila figli, Edition Piemme Bestseller 2010, translated into Italian from the French, La haine n'aura pas le dernier mot by Christel Martin
Hummingbird, Why Am I Here? Maggy's Children, by Judith Debetencourt Hoskins, in English, 2012
References
External links
Official Web-site of Maison Shalom (in French)
Video on Marguerite Barankitse's action, Fondation Chirac's website
Community Center Oasis of Peace
Barankitse and the Aurora Prize
Barankitse and the Opus Prize
Burundian human rights activists
Burundian women activists
Living people
1957 births
People from Ruyigi Province
African women in war
People of the Burundian Civil War
Women in 21st-century warfare
Recipients of the Four Freedoms Award |
4015443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wescam | Wescam | L3Harris Wescam, stylized as L3Harris WESCAM, is a Canadian company specializing in the production of gyro-stabilized, EO-IR imaging systems. Wescam Inc. is a subsidiary of L3Harris Technologies. The name has become synonymous with cameras of the type although several organizations around the world manufacture similar systems. Wescam is based in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada.
History
In 1959, the military division of Westinghouse Canada developed a stabilized camera mount for the Canadian Defense Research Establishment. The product was named WESSCAM - Westinghouse Steered Stabilized Camera Mount.
In 1974, WESSCAM inventor Nox Leavitt purchased the lab equipment and patents from Westinghouse and founded Istec Limited, Isolation Stabilization Technologies. The company had 17 employees and generated approximately $1 million in revenue. It experienced substantial expansion through internal growth and strategic acquisitions. This brought complementary technologies into the company and broadened its intellectual capability and market share.
In 1994, Istec changed its name to Wescam and in 1995 Wescam went public on the Toronto Stock Exchange.
In 2002, L3 Technologies acquired Wescam. As part of L3 Technologies, Wescam has expanded its presence in the U.S., and increased its base of products and service offerings to customers.
In June 2019, L3 Wescam became L3Harris Wescam when their parent company – L3 Technologies – had a "merger of equals" with Harris Corporation.
In November 2021, Wescam moved its headquarters to a new production facility in Hamilton, Ontario.
Products
Wescam's primary product line is the MX-Series, which consists of MX-series turret families—the MX-8, MX-10, MX-15, MX-20 and MX-25. These are all controlled by the US ITAR They are currently used by defence, homeland security, and law enforcement agencies as well as in televised sporting events, such as NASCAR. These products are typically mounted on fixed-wing, rotor-wing, UAV and Aerostat airborne platforms and also on numerous armoured vehicles, and marine-based platforms.
MX-10
Introduced in 2009, the MX-10 is Wescam's newest imaging system. Its fully integrated weight is 38 pounds (17.2 kg), has a 10-inch (26 cm) diameter and stands 14 inches (36 cm) tall. This small size and low weight reduce the weight and clearance requirements for installation on manned and unmanned airborne platforms. The MX-10 can incorporate several different types of sensors (up to six), including high-definition daylight and infrared sensors.
Wescam has been in the process of creating variations of the MX-10 for use in a wider range of applications. The MX-10GS (GS: Ground System) has been adapted for mounting on a ground vehicle where it can sit atop a mast or tower for a higher point of view, whether the vehicle is moving or stationary. The MX-10MS (MS:Marinized System) has also been created, and Zyvex Technologies has operated it on the Piranha Unmanned Surface Vessel (USV).
WESCAM's MX 10 is a compact Multi-Sensor, Multi-Spectral imaging system for surveillance missions from light aircraft.
The Wescam MX-10 thermal imaging system houses two cameras. A color camera used primarily during the day can read an object the size of a license plate from more than 750 feet away. The second camera, an infrared thermal imager, can be used during the day and at night. Infrared technology permits the flight crew to see objects that may otherwise go undetected at night.
MX-15
The MX-15 is Wescam's most popular family of imaging systems. This turret can weigh up to 100 pounds (45 kg) with a diameter of 15.5 inches (40 cm) and a height of 19 inches (48 cm). The MX-15 Family includes the MX-15, the MX-15HDi (High-Definition variant), the MX-15D (Designator variant) and the MX-15GS (Ground System variant). These imaging systems are usually installed on manned fixed- and rotary-wing aircraft. Price for 1 set above $1 million.
MX-20
Of the MX-Series, the MX-20 is the largest imaging system, weighing in at up to 198 pounds (90 kg). It has a diameter of 21 inches (54 cm) and a height of 26 inches (67 cm). This larger system is typically installed on large, fixed-wing aircraft, such as the P-3 Orion, Bayraktar Akıncı and Aerostats. This turret is used for long-range surveillance, as it can identify and engage subjects from over 20 km away.
MX-Series key attributes
Simplified Installation/Integration: These products do not require external or support electronics, thus simplifying installation and reducing weight and space requirements. Wescam has also implemented common operator interfaces and Line Replaceable Units (LRUs) to maintain interchangeability between turret models and platforms within a fleet.
Long-Range Optimization: MX-Series imaging systems use custom-designed, large-aperture lenses to for high magnification, state-of-the-art sensors for high resolution, and a missile-grade, solid-state Inertial Measurement Unit for "rock-solid" stabilization.
On-Board Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU): While similar products often require a mounting intercase for the IMU to stabilize the camera, the MX-Series has an integrated IMU, which in turn reduces payload requirements. The IMU allows the system to have a precise, jitter-free lock on any geographic position and a very high target location accuracy, despite aircraft manoeuvres and noise in the aircraft's GPS/INS system. When connected to a GPS antenna, the onboard IMU enables the turret to point to any geographic location supplied by a third party moving map system.
Compatibility with third-party systems: The MX-Series turrets are able to downlink to third-party communications systems in order to provide a clear visual of the situation in real time. This compatibility allows a wide range of installations, spanning even complex, multi-operational systems.
Continuous improvement: Wescam invests heavily in research and development in order to incorporate ultramodern technology into the MX-Series. Some contracts also involve a spiral growth path, allowing Wescam to modify the turret over time in order to fit to customers' evolving requirements.
Customers
Wescam serves militaries and agencies around the world. Below is a short list of some of its customers.
Air Attack, France
Australian National Police
Turkey
Canadian Department of National Defence
Catalunya Police
Chilean Navy
French Gendarmerie
Icelandic Coast Guard
Italian Air Force
Italian Army
Italian Carabinieri
Italian Coast Guard
Italian Finance Guard
Italian Navy
Italian State Police
Lithuanian Air Force
Luxembourg Police
OHB-System, Germany
Portuguese Air Force
Royal Netherlands Air Force
Royal Norwegian Air Force
Spanish Fisheries
Spanish UME
National Police Air Service (NPAS)
Swedish Coast Guard
Trafico Spain
UK Maritime & Coast Guard
UK Ministry of Defence
US Air Force
US Army
US Customs & Border Patrol
US Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI)
US Navy
References
External links
Official website
Defence companies of Canada
Infrared imaging |
4015445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy%20Birthday%2C%20Mr.%20President | Happy Birthday, Mr. President | "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" is a song sung by actress and singer Marilyn Monroe on May 19, 1962, for President John F. Kennedy at a celebration of his 45th birthday, 10 days before the actual date (May 29).
Monroe sang the traditional "Happy Birthday to You" lyrics in a sultry, intimate voice, with "Mr. President" inserted as Kennedy's name. She continued the song with a snippet from the classic song, "Thanks for the Memory", for which she had written new lyrics specifically aimed at Kennedy.
Afterwards, as a large birthday cake was presented to him, President Kennedy came on stage and joked about Monroe's version of the song, saying, "I can now retire from politics after having had Happy Birthday sung to me in such a sweet, wholesome way," alluding to Monroe's delivery, skintight dress, and image as a sex symbol.
The performance was one of Monroe’s last major public appearances before her death less than three months later on August 4, 1962. First Lady Jacqueline Kennedy, who rarely attended Democratic Party events, instead spent the day at the Loudon Hunt Horse Show with her children, John and Caroline. Monroe was accompanied by jazz pianist Hank Jones.
History
President Kennedy's birthday celebration was held at the third Madison Square Garden on May 19, 1962, and more than 15,000 people attended, including numerous celebrities. The event was a fundraising gala for the Democratic Party.
Monroe's dress was made of a sheer and flesh-colored marquisette fabric, with 2,500 shimmering rhinestones sewn into it. The dress was so tight-fitting that Monroe had difficulty putting it on; she wore nothing under it. It was designed by Jean Louis.
Monroe was accompanied to the event by her publicist Patricia Newcomb and her former father-in-law Isidore Miller with whom she had remained very close. Peter Lawford was at the event that night to introduce Monroe. He made a play on the actress's reputation for tardiness by giving her a number of introductions throughout the night, after which she did not appear on stage. When Monroe finally appeared in a spotlight, Lawford introduced her as the "late Marilyn Monroe". Monroe peeled off her white ermine fur coat, revealing the dress, and the audience gasped.
The event was staged and produced by Broadway composer and lyricist Richard Adler. It was choreographed by Carol Haney of The Pajama Game fame.
Legacy
In the 1992 film Wayne's World, Mike Myers puts on a bra and does an impression of Monroe singing the song as his character, Wayne, while his girlfriend Cassandra (Tia Carrere) is on the phone. In 1994, Mathilda (Natalie Portman) reenacted Myers's scene in Leon: The Professional. At the time, she had never seen Monroe's performance.
On the January 16, 1993, episode of Saturday Night Live the musical guest, Madonna, parodied the song as "Happy Inauguration, Mr. President", alluding to Bill Clinton's January 20 presidential inauguration.
Spice Girl Geri Halliwell performed the song in 1998 for Prince Charles' 50th birthday celebration, replacing the line "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" with "Happy Birthday, Your Royal Highness".
In a season two episode of Breaking Bad, "Mandala", Skyler White sings the song to her boss Ted Beneke for his birthday.
In 2012, American musician Lana Del Rey reenacted the performance in the music video for her song "National Anthem", with herself as Monroe and ASAP Rocky as President Kennedy.
In 2016, a trailer for the second season of the alternate history series The Man in the High Castle shows Monroe singing the song for Adolf Hitler, with the line "Happy Birthday, Mr. President" replaced with "Happy Birthday, Mein Führer".
Dress
Monroe's iconic dress was designed by costume designer Bob Mackie who was hired to sketch the design for the leading fashion designer of the time, Jean Louis who paid $1,440.33 (equivalent to $ in ) for its construction. The dress sold in 1999 at an auction in New York City for over $1.26 million (equivalent to $ in ). Canadian billionaire Jim Pattison subsequently purchased the dress on November 17, 2016, at a Los Angeles auction for $4.8 million.
Use by Kim Kardashian
In 2022, reality TV star Kim Kardashian wore Monroe's Happy Birthday Mr. President dress for the Met Gala. Kardashian had lost in three weeks to fit into the dress. Kardashian remains the only person other than Monroe to have been known to have worn the dress. Kardashian wore Monroe's original dress for approximately five minutes, only to walk up the runway and then changed into an exact replica to not cause any more unnecessary strain to the dress.
However, because the dress was tailored specifically for Monroe's exact measurements, despite Kardashian losing weight for her to wear the dress, additional materials had to be incorporated onto the dress for her to fit in it. Displeased with both Kardashian and the current owner, Ripley Entertainment, Bob Mackie (who first sketched the design in 1962 at the age of 23) said in an interview with Entertainment Weekly, "I thought it was a big mistake.. [Marilyn] was a goddess. A crazy goddess, but a goddess. She was just fabulous. Nobody photographs like that. And it was done for her. It was designed for her. Nobody else should be seen in that dress."
Within the same interview, the host for Turner Classic Movies Alicia Malone expressed her worries by saying, "There are all the issues with the actual preservation of the dress and things like oxygen can affect a dress.. Usually, these outfits are kept very much in controlled environments. So, it was quite alarming that she was able to wear it. I personally wish she wore a replica instead of the real thing."
In an interview with BBC in June 2022 , a senior lecturer in cultural studies at Falmouth University, Dr Kate Strasdin said; "You can't even handle a dress like that without damaging it in some way, let alone wear it, so it was inevitable that there was going to be significant damage just by even wearing it on the red carpet.. there will have been oils in her skin, there will have been all of that chemical reaction with a silk that is fragile"", it is also noted that an instagram account dedicated to 'The Marilyn Monroe Collection' (a company which claims to hold 'the world's largest privately held collection of Marilyn Monroe's personal property') which is managed by owner Scott Fortner's team, posted a comparison image of the dress which showed significant irreversible damage which occurred after the gala event.
References
1962 in American music
1962 in New York City
1962 songs
Songs about birthdays
Songs about birthday parties
Songs about John F. Kennedy
Marilyn Monroe songs
May 1962 events in the United States
Presidential birthdays in the United States
Madison Square Garden |
4015463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha%20Tsui | Sha Tsui | Sha Tsui () was a headland in Tsuen Wan, Hong Kong. It was situated at the west end of the old town of Tsuen Wan. The main road, Sha Tsui Road in the town centre of Tsuen Wan New Town is named after it.
Capes of Hong Kong
Tsuen Wan |
4015469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchanted%20Highway | Enchanted Highway | The Enchanted Highway is a collection of the world's largest scrap metal sculptures constructed at intervals along a stretch of two-lane highway in the southwestern part of the U.S. state of North Dakota.
Description
The road has no highway number, although its northern portion is th Avenue SW (counting from Bismarck, ND, which is to the east). The Enchanted Highway extends north from Regent to the Gladstone exit on Interstate 94 east of Dickinson. Each sculpture has a developed pull-out and several have picnic shelters; the highway passes through scenic farm country with intermittent buttes. Geese in Flight is visible from I-94, standing 110 feet tall and 150 feet wide. In 2002, it was recognized as the world's largest scrap metal sculpture by the Guinness Book of World Records.
History
Local artist Gary Greff conceived of the project and began building it in 1989, and continues to maintain the sculptures. He took inspiration from local wildlife and historical figures, including Theodore Roosevelt. Greff's intention was to revive his hometown of Regent, after decades of population and economy decline. In 2012, Greff opened a motel, The Enchanted Castle, in Regent, continuing the theme of the Enchanted Highway. The state of North Dakota provided $75,000 in its 2019-2020 budget to assist Greff in maintaining the sculptures; prior to that year, he had used his own money and donations to pay for upkeep. The highway attracts approximately 6,000 tourist cars per year.
Sculptures
The Tin Family (1991)
Teddy Rides Again (1993)
Pheasants on the Prairie (1996)
Grasshoppers in the Field (1999)
Geese in Flight (2001)
Deer Crossing (2002)
Fisherman's Dream (2006)
Spider Webs (In progress)
Gallery
References
External links
Regent and the Enchanted Highway area placemarks for Google Earth.
Zoomable pictures of each site
Regent, North Dakota, and the Enchanted Highway, a Photo Gallery by J. Q. Jacobs.
Hettinger County Historical Society Museums, Regent, North Dakota.
North Dakota Tourism website
National Geographic Top 10 U.S. Roadside Attractions
The Enchanted Highway at Dakota Search
Outdoor sculptures in North Dakota
Buildings and structures in Hettinger County, North Dakota
Tourist attractions in Hettinger County, North Dakota
Roadside attractions in North Dakota
Sculpture series |
4015475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%BCl%20G%C3%B6lge | Gül Gölge | Gül Gölge (born September 28, 1981 in İzmir, Turkey) is a Turkish TV presenter. She is the well-known for being the former host of the program Canlı Canlı which aired on Kanal D. She is also a model and actress, having acted in Çiçek Taksi, Yapayalnız and Köpek among others dramas and soaps. She was runner-up at the Miss Turkey pageant in 1997.
Gül finished her secondary education at Özel Türk Koleji in İzmir and went for higher education to Istanbul. She graduated from Istanbul Bilgi University with a bachelor's degree in Film and Television.
References
Who is Who database - Biography of Gül Gölge
External links
1981 births
Living people
People from İzmir
Turkish film actresses
Turkish television presenters
Turkish female models
Istanbul Bilgi University alumni |
4015479 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1%20Pol%C3%A1%C4%8Dek | Tomáš Poláček | Tomáš Poláček (born 29 August 1980) is a Czech professional football midfielder playing for FC Přední Kopanina.
Club career
Born in Planá u Mariánských Lázní, he started playing for SK Slavia Praha at the age of 14. In 2000 FK Siad Most bought him from Slavia. In fall 2005 they were promoted to Czech first league. On 1 August 2005 after the 4th round unexpectedly Sparta Prague bought him. He played as starter all 6 group matches of the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League however Sparta ended up 4th and eliminated in the group. In July 2006 he joined FK Mladá Boleslav, where he played until 2010.
In February 2011 after a successful trial Poláček signed with Serbian club FK Sloboda Point Sevojno. He left Serbia in summer 2011 and returned to the Czech Republic where he joined FK Chmel Blšany. In 2014, after a spell at FC Chabry, he joined FC Přední Kopanina.
International career
Tomáš Poláček has represented Czech Republic at U-15 and U-18 levels.
Honours
Sparta Prague
Czech Cup: 2006
References
External links
Official Sparta Prague website – Tomáš Poláček
Tomáš Poláček Stats at Utakmica.rs
1980 births
Living people
People from Planá
Czech footballers
Czech expatriate footballers
SK Slavia Prague players
FK Baník Most players
AC Sparta Prague players
FK Mladá Boleslav players
Czech First League players
FK Sloboda Užice players
Serbian SuperLiga players
Expatriate footballers in Serbia
FK Chmel Blšany players
Association football midfielders
Sportspeople from the Plzeň Region |
4015485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Township%20Public%20Schools | Lawrence Township Public Schools | The Lawrence Township Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Lawrence Township, in Mercer County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2015-16 school year, the district and its seven schools had an enrollment of 3,995 students and 323.4 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.4:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "GH", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Students from Robbinsville Township (known as Washington Township until 2007) had attended Lawrence High School as part of a sending/receiving relationship that ended following the opening of Robbinsville High School, with the final group of Robbinsville seniors graduating in the 2006-07 school year.
Awards and recognition
For the 1999-2000 school year, Lawrence Middle School was named a "Star School" by the New Jersey Department of Education, the highest honor that a New Jersey school can achieve.
Lawrence Township Public Schools have been consistently named one of the "Best Communities for Music Education" in the nation by NAMM since 2005.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2015-16 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Elementary schools
Eldridge Park Elementary School (grades K-3; 281 students)
Kathy Robbins, Principal
Ben Franklin Elementary School (PreK-3; 425)
Jay Billy, Principal
Lawrenceville Elementary School (PreK-3; 319)
Melissa Lockett, Principal
Slackwood Elementary School (K-3; 266)
Jean Musi, Principal
Lawrence Intermediate School (4-6; 913)
Cynthia Westhead, Principal
Middle school
Lawrence Middle School (7-8; 595)
Mindy Milavsky, Principal
High school
Lawrence High School (9-12; 1,143)
David Adam, Principal
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Ross Kasun, Superintendent of Schools
Tom Eldridge, Business Administrator / Board Secretary
References
External links
Lawrence Township Public Schools
School Data for the Lawrence Township Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Lawrence Township, Mercer County, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group GH
School districts in Mercer County, New Jersey |
4015501 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaragu%C3%A1%2C%20Goi%C3%A1s | Jaraguá, Goiás | Jaraguá is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil. It is a regional center and a producer of agricultural products, clothing, and cattle.
Location and connections
Considered to be the national capital of the clothing industry, Jaraguá is in the Vale do São Patrício on the important Belém-Brasília highway (BR-153). It is 124 km from the state capital of Goiânia and 230 km from the federal capital of Brasília. Anápolis, the second largest city in the state of Goiás, lies 90 km to the south.
Highway connections from Goiânia are made by GO-080 / Nerópolis / São Francisco de Goiás / BR-153 /. For a complete list of distances and highway connections in the state of Goiás see Seplan
Municipal boundaries
Goianésia, Itaguari, Itaguaru, Jesúpolis, Pirenópolis, Rianápolis, Santa Isabel, Santa Rosa de Goiás, São Francisco de Goiás, Taquaral de Goiás and Uruana.
Demographics
Population density: 20.63 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Population growth rate 1996/2007: 2.57.%
Population in 2007: 38,968
Population in 1980: 36,559
Urban population in 2007: 32,116
Rural population in 2007: 6,852
Economy
Today Jaraguá has a solid economy based on agriculture, cattle raising and the clothing industry. In agriculture Jaraguá produces pineapple, watermelon, corn, rice, and beans. In cattle raising it has one of the largest herds of cattle in the state (176,000 in 2007) and is a leader in milk and dairy product production with 32,000 milking cows. Jaraguá is the largest producer of pineapple in the state of Goiás, with most of the product being exported to São Paulo.
The clothing industry is responsible for the presence of over 400 small factories. Everything began in the 1970s with the arrival of the Pereira da Silva family, who were modest tailors. Today the clothes manufactured here are known all over the country with salespersons arriving to buy up stock and resell it in the large urban centers of the south.
Number of industrial establishments: 442
Number of retail establishments: 339
Dairies: Conceição Fleury de Bastos., Fleury e Pinto Ltda. (22/05/2006)
Banking establishments: Banco do Brasil S.A., BRADESCO S.A., Banco Itaú S.A., CEF, HSBC Bank Brasil S.A., Banco Multiplo.
Automobiles: 3,856
Agricultural data 2006
Number of Farms: 1,534
Total area: 129,864 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 1,302 ha. (pineapple, coconuts, citrus fruits)
Area of perennial crops: 8,854 ha. (corn, beans, and rice)
Area of natural pasture: 93,995 ha.
Area of woodland and forests: 25,656 ha.
Persons dependent on farming: 5,100
Farms with tractors: 231
Number of tractors: 293
Cattle herd: 176,000 head IBGE
Education (2006)
There were 33 schools in activity with 10,514 teachers. There was a campus of UEG - Faculdade Estadual de Ciências Humanas e Exatas de Jaraguá
The literacy Rate was 86.6%.
Health (2007)
There were 2 hospitals with 94 beds and 11 walk-in clinics . The infant mortality rate was 24.81 (in 1,000 live births)
Municipal Human Development Index
MHDI: 0.728
State ranking: 154 (out of 242 municipalities in 2000)
National ranking: 2,478 (out of 5,507 municipalities in 2000)
All data are from 2000
For the complete list see frigoletto.com.br
History
The settlement of the region where Jaraguá is now located began in the first decades of the eighteenth century. The first settlers were prospectors looking for gold who established a settlement called Córrego de Jaraguá on the banks of the Rio Pari. Unhealthy conditions and flooding of the river convinced the inhabitants to move the town to higher ground where they built a church called Nossa Senhora da Penha on a wide and straight street called Rua Direita, after the tradition in Portugal. By 1748 the church was ready with five altars of gold and silver. In 1776 a second church was built called Nossa Senhora do Rosario, and in 1828 a third church called Nossa Senhora da Conceição was completed. In 1833 Jaraguá was made a "vila" with the name of Nossa Senhora da Penha de Jaraguá. In 1882 the vila was dismembered from Pirenópolis to become a municipality. In the 1960s the government finished the BR-153 highway, or Belem-Brasília, which led to rapid development of the region. See Jaraguá for the history in Portuguese.
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
References
Frigoletto
External links
Jaraguá
Municipalities in Goiás |
4015504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Eisenman | Robert Eisenman | Robert Eisenman (born 1937) is an American biblical scholar, historian, archaeologist, and poet. He is currently professor of Middle East religions, archaeology, and Islamic law and director of the Institute for the Study of
Judaeo-Christian Origins at California State University Long Beach.
Eisenman led the campaign to free up access to the Dead Sea Scrolls in the 1980s and 90s, and, as a result of this campaign, is associated with the theory that combines Essenes with Palestinian messianism (or what some might refer to as "Palestinian Christianity") – a theory opposed to establishment or consensus scholarship.
Before this, Eisenman spent five years "on the road" in the United States, Europe, and the Middle East as far as India, encapsulating all these things in his poetic travel Diario (1959–62), published in 2007 by North Atlantic Books, Berkeley, California and called The New Jerusalem, in which he describes the San Francisco "Beat" scene in 1958–59, Paris when still a "moveable feast", working on kibbutzim in Israel, the Peace Corps, and several voyages on the overland route to India.
Life and career
Robert Eisenman is from New Jersey. He was born to assimilated Jewish parents His brother is deconstructionist architect Peter Eisenman – best known for his design of the Holocaust Memorial in Berlin, the Visitor's Center at Santiago de Compostela in Spain, and the Arizona Cardinal Football Stadium.
Education
Eisenman majored for two and a half years in Engineering Physics (a course which was intended to prepare students to enter nuclear physics), graduated B.A. from Cornell University in Physics and Philosophy in 1958. He received an M.A. Degree in Hebrew and Near Eastern Studies with Abraham I. Katsh from New York University in 1966. He received a PhD Degree from Columbia University in Middle East languages and cultures in 1971 with a minor in Jewish Studies and a major in Islamic law, where he studied with Joseph Schacht. He was a National Endowment for the Humanities fellow at the American Schools of Oriental Research, Jerusalem, Israel, 1985–86 and, in 1986–87, he was a senior research fellow at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies, Oxford, England.
Current position
He is professor of Middle East religions, archaeology, and Islamic law and the director of the Institute for the Study of Judeo-Christian and Islamic Origins at California State University Long Beach. He is also a visiting senior member of Linacre College, Oxford University, and was a National Endowment for the Humanities fellow at the Albright Institute of Archaeological Research (American Schools of Oriental Research) in Jerusalem.
Early life
Eisenman grew up in South Orange, New Jersey and went to Columbia High School in Maplewood, but skipped his senior year to take up an acceptance in the Engineering Physics Department at Cornell University. In his junior year Eisenman moved, first to Philosophy to study with Max Black, then on to Comparative Literature with John Senior, and then back to Philosophy to graduate in 1958 with a major in Aesthetics and a minor in Physics.
On the road internationally (1958–63)
Eisenman left college and immediately took to the road (it was the time of Jack Kerouac's On the Road published the previous year, 1957), but now not nationally, internationally. People who knew him then say he was the first to introduce American tennis shoes – substitutes for his college "white bucks" – as white walking shoes to Europe (see the picture at right) and the first American "backpacker" they ever saw (Australians, New Zealanders, and assorted Europeans had been doing it earlier).
Stopping in Paris, he spent the fall in Alt-Aussee in Austria; and from there to Vienna and down to Greece, to Athens and ultimately Hydra Island, where he was entertained by the Norwegian writer and poet Axel Jensen and his wife Marianne (later immortalized by Leonard Cohen in his song “So Long, Marianne”).
Having been accepted for graduate study in Comparative Literature at UC Berkeley, Eisenman returned to the U.S. via Paris and Cape Cod and ultimately went across the country by Greyhound Bus to San Francisco where he found a room on Russian Hill and tested the scene at North Beach. When he finally went across the Bay to register at UC Berkeley, what he saw reminded him so much of Cornell (Bermuda shorts, bobby socks, fraternities/sororities, etc. – this was a decade before the Free Speech Movement there) that he ripped up his computer punch cards right on the Registration line in the Armory and tossed them into a wastepaper basket.
He then hitchhiked back across the country and returned to Paris. From 1959 to 1960, Eisenman stayed at "the Beat Hotel” where he encountered the likes of William Burroughs, Gregory Corso, et al., but he was not really interested in these sorts of persons or their scene. All this he documents in The New Jerusalem: A Millennium Poetic/Prophetic Travel Diario, 1959–62, published in 2007 and taken directly from the free verse notebooks he kept during this period, which he in his "Introduction" and his publishers on the back cover both call "an Anti-Beat Manifesto".
He then went on to Israel and Jerusalem, where he had the epiphany of encountering members of his family of whom he had previously never heard (his great grandfather had gone to Jerusalem at the time of the Turks and was one of the founders of the Bikur Holim Hospital there, while his two oldest sons left him in Istanbul and came directly to America), worked on Kibbutzim in the Galilee (1960–61 – he had previously worked on John F. Kennedy's 1960 Campaign,) and finally went back to join the first Peace Corps Group to go into the field. This, curiously enough, trained at the International House at UC Berkeley, so he was back to where he had started out; but while they went on to meet Kennedy on the White House lawn and to Ghana, he was flown back to New York City because, as he saw it, he was on his way to India and the East not Africa.
Resuming his "Passage to India", he returned to Paris, and then on to kibbutzim in Galilee again. The next Spring, after staying in monasteries throughout Israel, and a climactic fight with the future Israeli "Peace Pilot" at the California Café in Tel Aviv; Eisenman made the last overland run from Cyprus, across Turkey, Iran, Beluchistan, and Pakistan by bus, train, and boat to India, where he ended his journey as a guest of, and sleeping in, the Jewish Synagogue of New Delhi, most of whose members were up in the Simla Hill States because it was high summer and monsoon. He returned to Paris over the Indian Ocean, up the Red Sea, and across the Mediterranean.
Release of the Dead Sea Scrolls
From about 1986 onwards, Eisenman became the leading figure in the struggle to release and free the Dead Sea Scrolls. The Scrolls had been discovered from 1948 to 1956 in several waves, but after a suggestive article by literary critic Edmund Wilson in The New Yorker magazine, editing more or less ground to a halt from about 1959 onwards.
This is not to say the Scrolls were not out. The Israelis had been very forthcoming with the first Scrolls that came into their possession from Cave I. It was the Scrolls from later caves discovered like III–XI, which came in after 1948 and Partition and on-site excavations by persons like Dominican Father Roland de Vaux, which were the problem. In 1985–86, Eisenman, who had written his first book presenting, as he called it, "A New Theory of Qumran Origins" in 1983 and a follow-up on James as Righteous Teacher in 1985, received a National Endowment for the Humanities Fellowship at the Albright Institute of Archaeological Research in Jerusalem (also known as "the American School") where Cave I Scrolls had first come in and been photographed in 1947–48.
Ostensibly he was to work on a project comparing the Jerusalem Community of James the Just to the Community at Qumran, but while at the American Schools of Oriental Research (then the Albright Institute) he found that there was nothing he could do – all paths being barred to him. Notwithstanding, he and a colleague, Philip Davies of Sheffield University, England, went in to see one of the curators of the Shrine of the Book and were told categorically, "You will not see the Scrolls in your lifetime". Subsequently, he came into possession of the complete computer print-out of all the Scrolls in possession of the Israel Antiquities Authority, both those before 1967 and those afterwards at the Rockefeller Museum and, not three years later, a complete photographic archive of all previously unpublished materials from Cave IV all the way up to Cave XI.
He sent a copy of this computer-generated print-out to the Editor of Biblical Archaeology Review, Hershel Shanks, which created a huge stir in the office and the campaign to free the Scrolls really began in earnest.
During his stay at Oxford University as a senior fellow at the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies and a visiting senior member of Linacre College in 1986–87, a colleague had also passed him a xerox copy of 4QMMT, a document which had been talked about but which no one outside the inner circle had ever been allowed to see. This, too, he freely shared with anyone who wanted to see it as part of the campaign, and, thereafter, it made the rounds.
At this time, too, he brought James Robinson – a colleague of his at Claremont University and the Editor of the Nag Hammadi Codices (a dispute similar to the Qumran one) – into the mix and together they took the decision to publish all the unpublished photographs. This amounted to 1785 plates. The original publication (in microfiche form) was supposed to occur in April, 1991 through EJ Brill in Leiden, the Netherlands.
However, a few weeks before publication, Brill's representative had attended a Scrolls Conference in Madrid, Spain and mistook the uproar there over Kapera's publication the year before in Poland of the samizdat copy of 4QMMT he had received from Davies for a dispute over freedom of access to the Scrolls generally. Following this, newly appointed Israeli representatives came to Leiden and talked the Brill publishers out of the Eisenman/Robinson microfiche project and into a newly conceived one of their own. So Eisenman and Robinson had to fall back on the offices of Hershel Shanks and the Biblical Archaeology Society who were unwilling to go to press before October/November of that year. The publication was contracted by public interest attorney William John Cox.
While all these things were going on, Eisenman had been invited to become a consultant to the Huntington Library in San Marino, California, which had become aware that it had in its archive a collection of photographs of all the Dead Sea Scrolls, donated to it by Elizabeth Bechtel. The late William Moffett, its director, asked whether he thought the library should open its archive to all scholars. He was projecting this for September, two months before Eisenman's and Robinson's own projected B.A.S. Edition. Eisenman encouraged him to do so, though he knew the library would get most of the credit for breaking the monopoly and Robinson and he very little.
Surveys, groundscans, and excavations
Since 1988, Eisenman has led the Judean Desert Explorations/Excavations Project under the auspices of the Institute for the Study of Judeo-Christian Origins at CSULB he headed. These expeditions included students from CSULB and other institutions. Its aim was to search for possible new caves that might contain scrolls. It was his feeling that, though the Bedouins in their enthusiasm to find artifacts had clearly been in almost all accessible caves, there might have been others, inaccessible to them or hidden in some manner or cave-ins. These were the best possibilities of finding new scrolls.
In the first expedition, between 1988 and 1989, he and his students were involved in the excavation of a cave a kilometer or two south of Qumran, in which they found some Bronze Age artifacts, including an arrow that had evidently been shot into the cave, which still displayed its lacquer rings and feather marks, an oil jug, and the wooden remains possibly of a plough.
From 1989 to 1992 Eisenman and his students conducted a walking survey of the entire Dead Sea shore and its environs from seven kilometers north of Qumran to thirty-five kilometers south, past Wadi Murabba'at, to the northern limits of Ein Gedi, mapping the whole area. In this survey they went into some 485 caves and depressions.
In 1990–91, with the help of author Michael Baigent and radar groundscan specialist Tony Wood, he conducted the first radar groundscan of the Qumran plateau, its ruins and, in particular, the top of the various marls, including Caves 4–6 where he felt there was the best chance of finding hidden pockets that previously might not have been visible. Ground-scanning on the marls and below Cave VI did point to several such pockets and seemingly empty areas in the marls adjourning Cave IV.
In 2001–03, his teams joined an expedition led by Hanan Eshel and Magen Broshi and sponsored by John Merrill and the B.A.S. In the course of this expedition, two of his students, Dennis Walker and Ron Dubay, excavated a small building on the eastern edge of the Qumran Cemetery. They found that it contained bones: two secondary burials (and the next year one primary burial was uncovered beneath this). The next year everyone went back to do more work on the enclosure and the bones it contained and to further survey the graveyard at Qumran, which evolved into the first comprehensive map of the Qumran settlement and adjacent cemetery.
In 2004, they had the opportunity to return and investigate the empty areas in the marls of Cave IV, but with little result.
Theories
Dead Sea Scrolls
Eisenman claims that the preconceptions of the group of scholars around Father Roland De Vaux who first worked on the Dead Sea Scrolls led them to erroneously date the non-biblical, sectarian community documents to the Maccabean period, and to read them as the writings of a serene, retiring community of Essene monks exiled to the wilderness in the course of a dispute with the reigning priesthood of the day led by the "Wicked Priest"/"Spouter of Lying."
Eisenman reads the attitude of these documents as militant, nationalistic and zealous and places them not in the Maccabean period but the later, Herodian era ( 35 BCE to 70 CE and beyond), which means the establishment priesthood that they opposed was the collaborating, compromising, corrupt Herodian priesthood. He sees parallels between the political, religious and ethical stance of these sectarian documents and that of James the brother of Jesus, whom he identifies as the scrolls' Teacher of Righteousness, and sees 'the Wicked Priest' and 'the Man of Lying' as two different adversaries of the Scroll community, the Wicked Priest being the High Priest Ananus ben Ananus, James' executioner, and the Man of Lying, Paul the Apostle.
He is critical of the ways radiocarbon dating and paleography have been employed to date the Dead Sea Scrolls, and relies instead on his interpretation of the content of the scrolls despite this being at a clash with scientific consensus. He claims to find parallels between the James-Jesus first-century milieu and the scrolls' repeated allusion to "the Star Prophecy", the aggressiveness of the War Scroll and similar documents, the hiding of the Jerusalem Temple treasure as delineated in the Copper Scroll, the description of foreign armies (the Kittim) invading on a much more massive scale than any Hellenistic invasion during the Maccabean period, and the reference to themselves several times as "the Congregation," "Church of the Poor" and Ebionites ("the Poor"), the name of James' community as described in Early Church literature and by Paul. Eisenman lays particular emphasis on the scroll community's description of the Kittim's military and religious practices in their interpretation of Habakkuk 2:2–2:4 (the Habakkuk Commentary) as "sacrificing to their standards and worshiping their weapons of War", and their reference to Roman “tax-farming” across the whole of the civilized world.
Interpretation of Habakkuk 2:4 at Qumran
The recourse to an interpretation of Habakkuk 2:4 ("the Righteous shall live by his Faith"), the center piece and real building block of all Christian theology both in the Pauline corpus (Romans, Galatians, et al.) and in the Epistle of James he sees as proof positive that these documents were written more or less contemporaneously and at a time when this prophecy or proof-text was in play.
In addition, he sees the interpretation in the Habakkuk Commentary at Qumran, seemingly written in the latter part of the Community's history and witnessing its fall and the fall of the Jerusalem Temple (c. 70 CE), as 'Jamesian' as opposed to 'Pauline'. That is, first of all it is confined to "Jews" or, in the language of the Commentary, "the House of Judah", and second of all, it applies only to "Torah-doing" Jews ("doing" here, the basis of the Hebrew word for "works" throughout the Qumran corpus and also being an extremely important usage in the Epistle of James), that is, it does not apply to "non-Torah-doing Jews" and certainly not "non-Torah-doing Gentiles."
For Eisenman this is a direct riposte and a rejection of the Pauline interpretation of this prophecy, and the basis of the Pauline theology one finds in Galatians and Romans and actually, in fact, seemingly argued against in the extant Epistle of James whether seen as authentic, not authentic, or just part of 'the Jamesian School'; and, therefore, Eisenman claims, a chronological indicator for the document as a whole.
Finally, he points to the fact that there are even collections of messianic proof-texts at Qumran which include, for instance, the Star Prophecy of Numbers 24:17 which Josephus, at the end of the Jewish War, singles out as the reason for the outbreak of the revolt, and even one dedicated to "the Promises to the Seed" or "House of David". For Eisenman the Dead Sea Scrolls are Messianic, it being not properly appreciated just how messianic the Scrolls actually are. They represent "the literature of the Messianic Movement in Palestine" which he prefers to the usage "Christianity in Palestine".
Though, one might call them “Essene”, one must take the definition for this from what the Scrolls themselves say, not necessarily what others think or say the Essenes were. Hippolytus, for instance, possibly preserving an alternate version of Josephus, thinks there are two or even three groups of "Essenes", “Zealot” or “Sicarii Essenes", and for Eisenman, this is a better definition of what the Essenes were than the more normative ones people are familiar with. For him the Essenes are what Christians were in Palestine before 'the Movement' went overseas and was Paulinized, turning it into the mirror opposite of what it was in Palestine before the fall of the Temple.
For him, Acts confirms this, averring that "Christians were first called Christians" in Antioch in Syria in the mid-Fifties AD. As opposed to this, he considers the more historically-oriented sectarian or later documents of the Dead Sea Scrolls to be the messianically inspired literature of a pietist, Law-oriented, and nationalistic Party in opposition to Roman/Herodian rule in Palestine which uses the language as "Sons of Zadok” (in some vocabularies, “Sadducees”) or “Zaddikim (צדיקים),” a derivate usage, in referring to itself or even "Messianic Sadducees", as opposed to "Herodian Sadducees" pictured in both the New Testament and Josephus.
Call for AMS carbon dating
With his attempts to get free access to the Scrolls, Eisenman claims he was the first to call for AMS Carbon dating the Dead Sea Scrolls (the earliest carbon dating tests – non-AMS – were performed 14 November 1950 on a piece of linen from Qumran Cave 1, producing a date range being 167 BCE – 233 CE.) Libby had first started using the dating method in 1946 and early testing required relatively large samples that were destroyed, so testing on scrolls only became feasible when methods used in the dating process were improved upon. F. E. Zeuner carried out tests on date palm wood from the Qumran site yielding a date range of 70 BCE – 90 CE. In 1963 Libby tested a sample from the Isaiah Scroll, which gave a range between 200 BCE – 1 CE. This proposal was contained in a series of letters to John Strugnell, Eisenman wrote with Philip R. Davies of Sheffield University in England and copied to Amir Drori, the head of the Israel Antiquities Authority.
Not two months after he and Davies made this request to the Antiquities Authority, to which they attached a recent article about AMS radiocarbon techniques, it announced its intention to run just such tests. Eisenman was not mentioned as having initiated the tests. He and Davies had included in their letter to the IAA a caveat, that "Opposition Scholars" be included in process because they claimed it was they who felt the most need for the tests and they who could identify which documents should be tested. Nevertheless, Eisenman and Davies were not included in the testing process. Eisenman disputes the findings of these tests.
James
As far as Eisenman is concerned, James the Just, the individual Paul actually refers to as either "brother of Jesus" or "the brother of the Lord", is the historical character who exhibits the most in common with "the Teacher of Righteousness" pictured at Qumran and he considers that these events are the ones vividly portrayed in the Habakkuk Commentary. Historically speaking, it is this character who led the "Opposition Movement", including Essenes, Zealots, Sicarii, and/or Nazoreans – even Ebionites – and who, as “Zaddik" (צדיק), i. e., "the Zaddik of the Opposition Movement", about whom all these groups revolved until his death at the hands of the High Priest Ananus ben Ananus in 62 CE as described both in Josephus and Early Church literature. For him, the popularity of James and the illegality of the manner of his death at the hands of the Herodians, establishment High Priesthood, and Pharisees in 62 CE set the stage for and possibly even triggered the First Jewish Revolt against Rome in 66–73 CE – to say nothing of the fire in Rome, not long afterwards which, aside from his probably having set it himself, Nero was reported to have blamed on "Christians".
For his part, the Jewish historian Josephus makes it clear that those he is calling "Essenes" (as opposed to these same Herodians, Sadducees, and Pharisees) participated in the uprising, willing to undergo any torture or any form of death rather than "eat things sacrificed to idols" or "break the Law." For Eisenman, these "Nazoreans", (נצרים) "Zealots", (קנאים) "Zaddikim" (צדיקים) or "Ebionim" (אביונים) were marginalized by a Herodian named Saul (Paul) and the gentile Christians who followed him. This version of Christianity, as it later emerged from a gentile milieu as led by Paul, transformed the apocalyptic militancy of the Ebionite/Essene Zaddikim into a universalist peaceful doctrine. In this manner, Eisenman sees the doctrine of Christianity as largely the product of Pauline dialectic and apologetics. In so doing, Eisenman attempts to recover the authentic teaching of Jesus and/or James from the obscurity into which it seems to have been intentionally cast by resultant orthodoxy. As he puts it at the end of James the Brother of Jesus, once you have found the Historical James, you have found the Historical Jesus or alternatively, "who and whatever James was so too was Jesus".
Paul as a Herodian
Eisenman identifies Paul as a Herodian, calling attention to Paul's peculiar version of Judaism. A presentation seeming to represent the interests of the Herodian dynasty in Palestine, as well as the intention to extend its influence into Asia Minor and further East into Northern Syria and Mesopotamia. He covered this in a series of papers and books beginning in 1984. Offered as proof is Paul's salutation (if authentic), at the end of the Letter to the Romans, where he sends greetings to his "kinsman Herodion" (i. e., "the Littlest Herod") and "all those in the Household of Aristobulus” (the putative son of Herod of Chalcis and the ultimate husband of the infamous Salome – in fact, their son was "the Littlest Herod").
Proof is also found in Josephus' picture of a curious member of the Herodian family, an individual he also calls "Saulos" who shares many characteristics in common with "Paul" in New Testament portraiture. Not only was this "Saulos" involved in an appeal of sorts to “Caesar,” he was also involved in violent behaviour in Jerusalem (although on the surface, at a somewhat later time); and it was he who made the final report to Nero in Corinth about the Roman reverses in Jerusalem which resulted in the dispatch of his best general Vespasian from Britain.
Finally he found Herodian traces in Paul's own outlook, his philosophy of "winning“ or being a "Jew to the Jews, a Law-keeper to the Law-keeper and a Law-breaker to the Law-breaker" also expressed in I Corinthians 9:19–27. In his own identification of himself as of "the Tribe of Benjamin” (Romans 11:1 and Philippians 3:5), a claim he might have felt Herodians, as Idumeans, were making for themselves, and his founding "a Community where Greeks and Jews could live in harmony, etc.,” where there were "no foreign visitors", as well as in the easy access he seems to have had to positions of power, and his own Roman citizenship.
Rounding out his arguments, Eisenman cites the matter of an unidentified "nephew" of Paul – seemingly the son of Paul's sister, resident in Jerusalem (Cypros married to the Temple Treasurer Helcias? – see the genealogies). This "nephew" has unfettered entrée to the Commander of the Roman garrison in the Tower of Antonia who, in turn, saves Paul from “Nazirite oath-taking" “Zealot”-like Jewish extremists who take an oath "not to eat or drink till they have killed Paul" (Acts 23:12–35). Eisenman identifies this individual as Julius Archelaus, the son of Saulos' sister, Cypros. Finally, consider Paul's Roman citizenship; the philosophy of paying the Roman tax to Caesar; and placing the Roman Law above the Jewish Law as an expression of "the Righteousness Commandment" of "loving your neighbor as yourself" (Romans 13:1–10).
First to call the James Ossuary fraudulent
Eisenman was the first to publicly claim that the James Ossuary was fraudulent when it originally surfaced in October 2002 and he did this on the first day it appeared in news articles from AP and op-ed pieces as in the Los Angeles Times on the basis of what the inscription actually said and not on the basis of 'scientific' or 'pseudo-scientific aids like those of palaeography or patina analysis.
In the first place, when he actually saw the ossuary at the AAR/SBL Conference in Toronto three weeks later, it was clear there were two separate hands on the inscription, the second patently more cursive. Secondly, even if the "Jacob the Son of Joseph" part were authentic (there being plenty of ossuaries of this kind available around Jerusalem), the second "Brother of Jesus" part would have to have been added a substantial amount of time later, either in antiquity by a pious pilgrim or in modern times, by a not-very-sophisticated forger because at the time (62 CE), Jesus – if he existed as such – would have been no more well known in Jerusalem than his putative brother James, and probably far less so; so there would have been no need to add such a rare cognomen except to please believers.
Moreover, as he said in his Los Angeles Times op ed of 29 September 2002, he would have been much more impressed if the first part of the inscription had said "son of Clopas'/'Cleophas'/‘Cephas’ or some such thing, which is how individuals connected to this family were known in Palestine in this period and not the more pat or theologically-consistent "Joseph"; or if the second part had simply added the cognomen "the Zaddik” (הׂצדיק) or "Just One", which was also how James was known by everyone in Palestine at this time according to Eusebius.
Works
Islamic Law in Palestine and Israel E.J. Brill, Leiden (1976)
Maccabees, Zadokites, Christians and Qumran: A New Hypothesis of Qumran Origins E.J. Brill, Leiden (1984)
James the Just in the Habakkuk Pesher E.J. Brill, Leiden (1986)
A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls (with James Robinson), Biblical Archaeology Society (1991)
The Dead Sea Scrolls Uncovered (with Michael Wise), Penguin (1992)
James the Brother of Jesus: The Key to Unlocking the Secrets of early Christianity and the Dead Sea Scrolls (1997)
The Dead Sea Scrolls and the First Christians (1996)
The New Testament Code: The Cup of the Lord, the Damascus Covenant, and the Blood of Christ (2006)
The New Jerusalem: A Millennium Poetic/Prophetic Travel Diario 1959–1962 (2007)
James the Brother of Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls I, Grave Distractions Pub. (2012)
James the Brother of Jesus and the Dead Sea Scrolls II, Grave Distractions Pub. (2012)
References
External links
Robert Eisenman's web site
Robert Eisenman's articles, interviews and reviews of his books
Eisenman's Dead Sea Scrolls lectures and courses
Interviews on site at Qumran
An assortment of Eisenman's talks and TV appearances
Eisenman before non-Christian Groups, etc.
Robert Eisenman: Man of New Ideas
1937 births
Living people
Academics of the Oxford Centre for Hebrew and Jewish Studies
American archaeologists
American biblical scholars
Biblical archaeology
California State University, Long Beach faculty
Columbia University alumni
Cornell University alumni
Dead Sea Scrolls
Fellows of Linacre College, Oxford
Jewish American historians
New York University alumni
People from South Orange, New Jersey
Historians from New Jersey
21st-century American Jews |
4015509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alain%20Bauer | Alain Bauer | Alain Bauer (born 8 May 1962) is a French criminologist who has been a professor of criminology at the Conservatoire national des arts et métiers (CNAM Paris) since 2009. He is also a senior research fellow at the John Jay College of Criminal Justice (New York) and the China University of Political Science and Law (Beijing). There were many protests in the scientific community in France against the appointment because he had not received a PhD.
Career
As an elected student on the "U.N.E.F. I.D." list, a socialist organisation, he was the youngest vice president of the Sorbonne in charge of Finances and Administration, an office he held from 1982 to 1989. Afterwards, he became an advisor on national security to Prime Minister Michel Rocard from 1988 to 1990.
Bauer was elected Professor of Criminology at the National Conservatory for Arts and Crafts under CNAM in Paris in 2010. He is a member of the International Association of Chiefs of Police. In 2006 and 2007, he has been appointed at the French Commission on police data control and of the French Working Group on Policing. He also worked as an advisor to the New York City Police Department (NYPD), the Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department (LASD) and the Sûreté du Québec (Canada).
He was appointed in August 2007 by President Nicolas Sarkozy to reorganise the French system on studies and research on security and strategy, focusing on the creation of a National Security Council. Bauer was also an advisor for the French industrial company Lafarge between 2007 and 2014.
Awards
Grand Master of the Grand Orient de France, 2000–2003
Chancellor of the International Masonic Institute since 2003
Knight of the Legion of Honour
Captain of the National Order of Merit, of the National Order of Academic Palms, of the National Order of Arts and Letters
Grand Cross of the Lafayette Order
Works
Violence et Insécurité urbaines (Que Sais Je 1998, 11ème éd., PUF 2007)
l'Amérique, la violence, le crime (2000, 2 e éd., PUF 2001)
la Guerre ne fait que commencer (JC. LATTES 2002, rééd. GALLIMARD 2003)
les Polices en France (Que Sais Je 2 e éd., PUF 2002)
le Crime aux Etats-Unis (PUF), les Polices aux Etats-Unis (PUF)
Imaginer la sécurité globale (Pensée et les Hommes Bruxelles 2003)
Etat d'urgence (Fayard 2004), Deux siècles de débats républicains (Edimaf) et Dico rebelle (Michalon 2004)
l'Enigme Al Qaïda (JC. LATTES 2005)
Mercenaires et polices privées (en coll., UNIVERSALIS 2006)
Géographie de la France criminelle (ODILE JACOB 2006)
les Polices au Québec (dir., Que sais-je, PUF 2006)
Mieux contrôler les fichiers de police (DOCUMENTATION FRANCAISE 2006)
World Chaos, Early Detection and Proactive Security (DRMCC 2007)
Les mystères de Channel Row (JC. LATTES 2007)
Radicalization in the West (NYPD 2007)
L’année stratégique 2008 (Dalloz 2007)
Le nouveau chaos mondial (Les Riaux 2007 plus éditions italien, arabe, chinois)
L’esprit des lumières est il perdu (Le MONDE-PUR 2007)
République, Républiques (GODF 2007)
Pour une stratégie globale de sécurité nationale (Dalloz 2008)
Vidéosurveillance et vidéoprotection (Que Sais Je PUF 2008)
Le 11 Septembre (Memorial de Caen – Ouest France 2008)
100 Mots pour comprendre l’actualité (PUF 2008)
References
1962 births
Living people
French criminologists
University of Paris faculty
John Jay College of Criminal Justice faculty
French Freemasons
20th-century French Jews
French people of German-Jewish descent
Lawyers from Paris
Commandeurs of the Légion d'honneur |
4015518 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pila%2C%20Aosta%20Valley | Pila, Aosta Valley | Pila is an Alpine ski-resort in the Aosta Valley region of northern Italy. It is a frazione of the comune of Gressan.
There are more than 24 pistes (>70 km total length), including 4 blue runs, 29 red runs and 4 black runs, with a pipe zone and a slopestyle zone. There is one cable car, 3 gondolas, 8 chairlifts and 5 conveyors. The resort itself is at 1,814 metres altitude, while the highest skiing can be done at 2,700m.
The nearest city to Pila is Aosta, to which it is connected by road and also a cable car system.
References
External links
Ski Resort Homepage
Hotel
Pila ski resort guide
Frazioni of Aosta Valley
Cities and towns in Aosta Valley
Ski areas and resorts in Italy
Gressan
Italy geography articles needing translation from French Wikipedia |
4015529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bullock-Clifton%20House | Bullock-Clifton House | The Bullock-Clifton House is a historic home in the Deer Park neighborhood of Louisville, Kentucky, United States. It is the oldest known surviving wood-frame structure in Jefferson County. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.
History
The house was built as a manor house for the surrounding farm, which was a truck farm by the early 20th century. The house was built in two sections, typical of a farmhouse of its age. The first was built in 1834 in the Federal style, facing northward towards the Ohio River. This reflected the early rural nature of the area, before the Bardstown Turnpike, a quarter mile to the east, was nothing more than an unpaved trail. In 1873, the Federal facade was removed along with the eastern portion of the house when the signature Italianate/Eastlake facade was built facing east towards the Bardstown Turnpike, which was by this time the focal point of the area.
The older portion of the house was built by William Bullock, a politician, judge and philanthropist. As a member of the Kentucky General Assembly Bullock introduced legislation to establish what became the public school system in Kentucky. His most important achievement as a politician was securing an endowment for the Kentucky School for the Blind in 1841. In 1834, he purchased of land from William Pope and constructed the house.
Bullock sold the property in 1839 to Francis Thornton, a minister.
Features
The front, newer, portion of the house is 2½ stories high, with a distinctive octagonal tower rising up for a fourth level cupola.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in The Highlands, Louisville, Kentucky
References
Houses in Louisville, Kentucky
19th-century buildings and structures in Louisville, Kentucky
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Kentucky
Houses completed in 1834
1834 establishments in Kentucky
National Register of Historic Places in Louisville, Kentucky |
4015530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty%20Tower | Liberty Tower | Liberty Tower may refer to:
Liberty Tower (Melbourne), Australia
Liberty Tower (Manhattan) , New York
Liberty Tower (Dayton), Ohio
Liberty Tower (South Bend), Indiana
Liberty Tower (Tulsa), Oklahoma
Liberty Tower (Warsaw), a proposed skyscraper in Warsaw
See also
Liberty Memorial, Kansas City, Missouri
Liberty Towers (Jersey City), New Jersey
Liberty Towers (Tulsa), Oklahoma |
4015531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%C5%9Far%2C%20Sorgun | Alişar, Sorgun | Alişar is a village in the district of Sorgun, Yozgat Province, Turkey. Near the village is the archaeological site of Alişar Hüyük.
Alişar Höyük
The site was settled from the Chalcolithic period in the fourth millennium BCE until the Phrygian period in the first millennium BCE. During the Early and Middle Bronze Age in the third millennium BCE Alişar developed into a walled town. Eventually, it became the most significant city in the region. Like Kanesh (Kültepe) to the south, it was a center for trade attracting merchants from Assyria at the beginning of the second millennium BCE. The city was then destroyed, and this may have been the conquest by the semi-legendary Hittite king Anitta. He is told to have conquered the city of Kussara which can be identified with Alişar Hüyük. The Hittites later made Hattusa to the north their capital. By the Hittite empire period 1400-1200 BCE Alişar was nothing but a small provincial town probably known as Ankuwa. Like most Hittite settlements it was burnt and destroyed at the end of the Late Bronze Age in the twelfth century BC. The Phrygians later occupied the site. In the vicinity of Alişar laid a large Phrygian Iron Age city at Kerkenes.
The site was first excavated 1927–1932 by the Oriental Institute, University of Chicago, headed by Hans Henning von der Osten. Artefacts from the site were brought to the Museum of Anatolian Civilizations in Ankara. Excavations restarted in 1992 by Turkish archaeologists through the TAY project.
External links
The Turkish TAY project at Alişar Hüyuk.
Towns in Turkey
Archaeological sites in Central Anatolia
Former populated places in Turkey
Villages in Yozgat Province
History of Yozgat Province |
4015545 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20K.%20Golden | Andrew K. Golden | Andrew K. Golden (born 25 May 1959) is an American investor, endowment fund manager, and philanthropist. He is currently the president of the Princeton University Investment Company which manages Princeton University's financial endowment which as of February 2017 sits at $22.2 billion USD.
Early life and education
Golden studied at Duke University and holds a master's degree at Yale School of Management. Golden also holds the Chartered Financial Analyst designation.
Investment career
Before joining Princeton in 1995, Golden worked with David Swensen as an intern and then as Portfolio Manager at Yale's Investment Office from 1988 to 1993.
In 2005, the universities endowment earned a rate-of-return of 17%, bringing the value of the endowment up to $11.2 billion (up from $9.9 billion a year ago). According to the Princeton University Investment Company the endowment had a compound rate-of-return of 15.6% over the ten years of 1995 to 2005. Golden said of the achievement: “When you have a mission to preserve purchasing power into perpetuity, in some sense a year is a pretty short period of time,” Golden said. “Seventeen percent is gratifying, but we take that in stride, just as we would take in stride a 2 percent year.”
Investment philosophy
Golden's principle investment strategy focuses on long-term high-yield returns through an "aggressive, equity-biased approach." He has stated that because the university's endowment has relatively low spending requirements, he is free to engage in fund management that tolerates "above-average volatility and below-average liquidity."
References
External links
Princeton endowment article (2005)
Yale endowment article (2005)
Princeton endowment article (1996)
Yale School of Management alumni
Duke University alumni
American money managers
Living people
CFA charterholders
1959 births |
4015553 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Buffalo%20Boy | The Buffalo Boy | The Buffalo Boy (, ) is a 2004 film directed by Nguyễn Võ Nghiêm Minh. The movie was the official entry from Vietnam for Best Foreign Language Film category at the 78th Academy Awards. It was filmed in Cà Mau Province, Vietnam's southernmost province.
Plot summary
An old man named, Kim is telling his family history to his grand daughter, as she found the bones of his father.
When he was a boy, Kim's father was ill, when their lands flooded. His two buffaloes have no forage. Kim takes the two buffaloes in search of good grass. He joins Lap's herding team, but One of the two buffaloes dies.
Later he helps Det, who builds a new herding team with him, to reunite with his girl friend and their son, whom Det hasn't seen for 5 years.
When Kim hears his father is dying, he goes to U Minh. The father reveals the truth of Kim's ancestry. A couple of strangers help Kim put his father's corpse in a safe place in the water, until the flooding subsides and he can be properly buried.
Lap confirms what Kim's father told him as he died:--that Kim's true mother is the sister of Lap, whom Kim's father raped on a buffalo herding run.
Kim tries to rape Det's wife. Det dies in a skirmish between Lap's and Kieng's buffalo herding teams. Kim adopts Det's son, Thieu.
In a voiceover, Kim says that the Japanese came in to drive out the French, and then were themselves driven out. This political change does not seem to affect rural Vietnam.
External links
2004 films
2004 drama films
Vietnamese-language films
Films about farmers
2004 in Vietnam
Cà Mau province
Films shot in Vietnam
Vietnamese drama films |
4015565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buffalo%20Boy | Buffalo Boy | Buffalo Boy may refer to:
The Buffalo Boy, a 2004 Vietnamese film directed by Minh Nguyen-Vo
Buffalo Boy, a series of fashion spreads evolved by Ray Petrie and others |
4015570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judiciary%20of%20the%20Isle%20of%20Man | Judiciary of the Isle of Man | The lowest courts in the Isle of Man are the summary courts, Coroner of Inquests, Licensing Court, Land Court, etc. These courts are presided over by magistrates. There are two stipendiary magistrates, the High Bailiff and the Deputy High Bailiff, along with lay justices of the peace.
The superior court of the Isle of Man is the High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man, consisting of a Civil Division and an appeal division, called the Staff of Government Division. The judges of the High Court are the deemsters, appointed by the Queen (acting on the advice of the Secretary of State for Justice in the United Kingdom), and the judicial officers, appointed by the Lieutenant Governor. The High Bailiff and the Deputy High Bailiff are ex officio judicial officers, and additional judicial officers (full-time or part-time) may be appointed.
Civil matters are usually heard at first instance by a single deemster sitting in the High Court.
Criminal proceedings are heard at first instance before either the High Bailiff or the Deputy High Bailiff or a bench of lay magistrates, in less serious cases. More serious criminal cases are heard before a deemster sitting in the Court of General Gaol Delivery; in a defended case the Deemster sits with a jury of seven (twelve in cases of treason or murder).
Civil and criminal appeals are dealt with by the Staff of Government Division. Appeals are usually heard by a deemster (the one not involved with the case previously in the High Court or Court of General Gaol Delivery) and the Judge of Appeal.
Final appeal is to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council in the United Kingdom. This dates back to an ancient right of the Manx to appeal to the Crown of England against the decisions of the Lord of Mann, who in previous times was the supreme insular legal authority, and was explicitly confirmed by the Privy Council in their decision of Christian v. Corren in 1716, several years before revestment.
One special case, that also applies to the Channel Islands, is the jurisdiction of the Queen's Bench Division of the English High Court over the island in matters of habeas corpus. This dates back to the ancient right of the king to at any time have an account as to why the liberty of any of his subjects was restrained, and operated in the Isle of Man pre-revestment, as it did across all the king's dominions despite the other competencies of the Kings's Bench being restricted to England.
References
See also
Manx law
Isle of Man Constabulary
Tynwald
Government of the Isle of Man
Manx law |
4015573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Ontario%20Senior%20Hockey%20League | Eastern Ontario Senior Hockey League | The Eastern Ontario Senior Hockey League, or EOSHL, is a top Senior ice hockey league in Eastern Ontario that operated from 2003 to 2008, merged into the Major Hockey League in 2008 and resumed its operations from 2019 onwards. The EOSHL is governed by the Ontario Hockey Association.
History
The EOSHL became a sanctioned Senior "A" league in 2003. In 2005, the league was promoted to Senior "AAA" to compete against the Major League Hockey (MLH) league and have a chance to win the Allan Cup. In 2006, the league dropped from six to four teams.
During the 2007-08 season, a new team known as the Cooks Bay Canucks joined the league. What ensued with this franchise his quite original, as the team, although successful on the ice, underwent two name changes in the same season. The team started the season as the Cooks Bay Canucks, but soon dropped it for the Simcoe County Canucks. Although that does not sound too strange, the Canucks made the playoffs and before game two of the league semi-final announced another name change to the Simcoe County Tundras, with new logos, and completely different jerseys and team colours.
In May 2008, due to major team losses in the MLH leaving the western league with two teams, the EOSHL and the MLH merged to operate as Major League Hockey. The league subsequently changed its name to Allan Cup Hockey.
The EOSHL is back in action after an 11 year break. It will resume for the 2019/2020 season with 4 teams. Cornwall Senior Prowlers, West Carleton Rivermen, Maxville Millionaires and Deseronto Bulldogs with hopes of adding teams for the 2020/2021 season. Each team will play a total of 18 regular season games. 6 games versus each opponents with 3 home and 3 away games against each team.
Teams
Champions
2008 Whitby Dunlops
2007 Whitby Dunlops
2006 Whitby Dunlops
2005 Norwood Vipers
2004 Belleville Macs
Bolded teams were the winners of the Robertson Cup as Ontario Hockey Association champions.
External links
Eastern Ontario Senior League Website
OHA Website
Defunct ice hockey leagues in Ontario |
4015574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sicherman%20dice | Sicherman dice | Sicherman dice are a pair of 6-sided dice with non-standard numbers–one with the sides 1, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4 and the other with the sides 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8. They are notable as the only pair of 6-sided dice that are not normal dice, bear only positive integers, and have the same probability distribution for the sum as normal dice. They were invented in 1978 by George Sicherman of Buffalo, New York.
Mathematics
A standard exercise in elementary combinatorics is to calculate the number of ways of rolling any given value with a pair of fair six-sided dice (by taking the sum of the two rolls). The table shows the number of such ways of rolling a given value :
Crazy dice is a mathematical exercise in elementary combinatorics, involving a re-labeling of the faces of a pair of six-sided dice to reproduce the same frequency of sums as the standard labeling. The Sicherman dice are crazy dice that are re-labeled with only positive integers. (If the integers need not be positive, to get the same probability distribution, the number on each face of one die can be decreased by k and that of the other die increased by k, for any natural number k, giving infinite solutions.)
The table below lists all possible totals of dice rolls with standard dice and Sicherman dice. One Sicherman die is coloured for clarity: 1–2–2–3–3–4, and the other is all black, 1–3–4–5–6–8.
History
The Sicherman dice were discovered by George Sicherman of Buffalo, New York and were originally reported by Martin Gardner in a 1978 article in Scientific American.
The numbers can be arranged so that all pairs of numbers on opposing sides sum to equal numbers, 5 for the first and 9 for the second.
Later, in a letter to Sicherman, Gardner mentioned that a magician he knew had anticipated Sicherman's discovery. For generalizations of the Sicherman dice to more than two dice and noncubical dice, see Broline (1979), Gallian and Rusin (1979), Brunson and Swift (1997/1998), and Fowler and Swift (1999).
Mathematical justification
Let a canonical n-sided die be an n-hedron whose faces are marked with the integers [1,n] such that the probability of throwing each number is 1/n. Consider the canonical cubical (six-sided) die. The generating function for the throws of such a die is . The product of this polynomial with itself yields the generating function for the throws of a pair of dice: . From the theory of cyclotomic polynomials, we know that
where d ranges over the divisors of n and is the d-th cyclotomic polynomial, and
.
We therefore derive the generating function of a single n-sided canonical die as being
and is canceled. Thus the factorization of the generating function of a six-sided canonical die is
The generating function for the throws of two dice is the product of two copies of each of these factors. How can we partition them to form two legal dice whose spots are not arranged traditionally? Here legal means that the coefficients are non-negative and sum to six, so that each die has six sides and every face has at least one spot. (That is, the generating function of each die must be a polynomial p(x) with positive coefficients, and with p(0) = 0 and p(1) = 6.)
Only one such partition exists:
and
This gives us the distribution of spots on the faces of a pair of Sicherman dice as being {1,2,2,3,3,4} and {1,3,4,5,6,8}, as above.
This technique can be extended for dice with an arbitrary number of sides.
References
See also
Two-cube calendar
External links
Mathworld's Information Page
Dice
Combinatorics |
4015576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raccoon%20Creek%20%28Beaver%20County%2C%20Pennsylvania%29 | Raccoon Creek (Beaver County, Pennsylvania) | Raccoon Creek is a tributary of the Ohio River in Beaver County, Pennsylvania, United States.
Raccoon Creek joins the Ohio River in Potter Township. Only a small portion of the creek is located within Raccoon Creek State Park. The stream within the park is Little Traverse Creek.
See also
List of rivers of Pennsylvania
References
External links
U.S. Geological Survey: PA stream gaging stations
Rivers of Pennsylvania
Tributaries of the Ohio River
Rivers of Beaver County, Pennsylvania |
4015594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinamore | Sinamore | Sinamore is a Finnish gothic metal band from Hamina. Sinamore released their first album A New Day in January 2006. This was followed by a second album Seven Sins a Second the following year. This would be their final release before the band's break-up.
Current members
Mikko Heikkilä - Vocals, guitar
Jarno Uski - Bass
Sami Hauru - Guitar
Miika Hostikka - Drums
Discography
Studio albums
A New Day (2006)
Seven Sins a Second (2007)
Demos
Follow Into the Cry (2004)
Videos
"Darkness of Day" (2006)
"Fallen" (2006)
"Better Alone" (2007)
External links
Official website
Official MySpace.com
Sinamore at Napalm Records
Videos
"Darkness of Day" (2006) at Napalm Records (WMV)
"Fallen" (2006) at Napalm Records (WMV)
Finnish gothic metal musical groups |
4015598 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorny | Gorny | Gorny (masculine), Gornaya (feminine), or Gornoye (neuter) may refer to:
Gorny District, a district of the Sakha Republic, Russia
Gorny (inhabited locality) (Gornaya, Gornoye), name of several inhabited localities in Russia
Gorny (air base)
Gorny Camp Directorate of Gulag
Gorny (surname)
Gorny Institute, common name of the National Mineral Resources University
See also
Gorny Institute, a stratovolcano named after the university |
4015603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cary%20Boyce | Cary Boyce | Cary Boyce (b. 29 October 1955) is artistic co-director and composer-in-residence of the production company and musical ensemble Aguavá New Music Studio, which specializes in producing projects involving contemporary music.
Boyce's music has been heard around the world in more than 25 countries, on nationally syndicated public radio and television, in concert and festivals, and in two films by Prix-de-Rome-winning director Evelyne Clavaud — Aria ou les rumeurs de la Villa Medicís and her artistic documentary, Mandiargues: L'amateur d'imprudence, about the French Surrealist author. His credits include original music and the recording the soundtrack for the documentary American Horizons: The Photography of Art Sinsabaugh, part of the Sinsabaugh exhibit at the Art Institute of Chicago and currently touring museums in the midwest. His oratorio, Dreams within a Dream, is the subject of a public radio special released in 2004. His music was featured on the Dale Warland Singers Cathedral Classics nationally syndicated radio special, as well as on their concerts in Minnesota. His music, performed by his Aguavá ensemble, has also been featured on such syndicated shows as Harmonia, Center Stage from Wolftrap, and CD-Tipp syndicated in Europe by Deutsche Welle. His cantata, Ave Maris Stella, was premiered by Aguavá New Music Studio at the International Cervantino Festival in Mexico, and subsequently broadcast throughout Latin America. His Hodie Christus natus est premiered at Washington National Cathedral's 50th anniversary holiday concert, winning the National Young Composers Award. His quartet, Nightshade, was recorded for Aguavá by the Corigliano String Quartet. Boyce is the recipient of numerous grants and awards, including awards from Arts International, the National Endowment for the Arts, the Pew Charitable Trusts, and the Indiana Arts Commission. Boyce frequently tours with Aguavá as a pianist or singer.
Born in Santa Rosa, California, United States, Boyce was raised in Sacramento where he found his first musical training singing high school choruses and teaching himself to play the piano. He went on to earn a bachelor of music degree with a double major in voice and theory/composition at California State University, Sacramento, and later a master of music degree at the University of North Texas under the guidance of Martin Mailman with a cognate in piano studying with Joseph Banowetz. He earned his doctorate at Indiana University Bloomington with teachers Eugene O'Brien and Claude Baker with minors in conducting and theory.
Boyce also trained as a figure skater since he was 16, and skated with Holiday on Ice in Europe for a time in the early 80s. This experience added to his love of ballet and dance genres. He left professional skating to teach for Ice Capades Chalet at the Dallas Galleria while working on his master's degree at the University of North Texas.
His education was assisted by scholarships and teaching fellowships while he worked steadily as a church and synagogue musician, a practice that shaped his understanding of choral genres. Between degrees Boyce traveled widely through the United States and Europe. Upon settling in Bloomington, Indiana, he has pursued a career based on his commitment to the idea of the composer as a voice for the community. He has been an active participant in artistic and musical outreach endeavors of the city, not only as a composer, but also as a producer and music essayist with public radio, online journals, major orchestras, and community presses.
Boyce's music is published by Boosey & Hawkes and by Aguavá New Music Studio. He remains active as a tenor, pianist, and conductor.
External links
Aguavá New Music Studio
University of North Texas College of Music alumni
1955 births
Living people |
4015604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giulino | Giulino | Giulino (also known as Giulino di Mezzegra) is an Italian frazione of the Comune of Mezzegra, in the province of Como. Since 21 January 2014 both Giulino and Mezzegra are included in the comune of Tremezzina.
History
Early history
The village was an autonomous municipality until 1928, when it merged into Mezzegra becoming its frazione (civil parish).
Death of Mussolini
The village has passed into history because it is the place where Benito Mussolini and his lover Claretta Petacci were killed on 28 April 1945, in front of a manor house named Villa Belmonte. The execution was carried out by local resistance fighters (partigiani), who had captured the dictator at Dongo (often erroneously considered to be the place where the execution actually took place).
Geography
Giulino, part of the Intelvi geographical region, lies on the hills close to the north-western shore of the Lake Como. It is 2 km from Mezzegra, 30 from Como and 40 from Lugano (in Switzerland).
Literature
Bruno Giovanni Lonati : "Quel 28 aprile. Mussolini e Claretta: la verità". Mursia, 1994.
References
External links
Former municipalities of the Province of Como
Frazioni of the Province of Como
Benito Mussolini |
4015610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmad%20ibn%20Ajiba | Ahmad ibn Ajiba | Aḥmad ibn Muḥammad ibn ʿAjība al-Ḥasanī (; 1747–1809) was an influential 18th-century Moroccan scholar and poet in the Darqawa Sufi Sunni Islamic lineage.
Biography
He was born of a sharif family in the Anjra tribe that ranges from Tangiers to Tetuan along the Mediterranean coast of Morocco. As a child he developed a love of knowledge, memorizing the Qur'an and studying subjects ranging from Classical Arabic grammar, religious ethics, poetry, Qur'anic recitation and tafsir. When he reached the age of eighteen he left home and undertook the study of exoteric knowledge in Qasr al-Kabir under the supervision of Sidi Muhammad al-Susi al-Samlali. It was here that he was introduced to studies in the sciences, art, philosophy, law and Qur'anic exegesis in depth. He went to Fes to study with Mohammed al-Tawudi ibn Suda, Bennani, and El-Warzazi, and joined the new Darqawiyya in 1208 AH (1793), of which he was the representative in the northern part of the Jbala region. He spent nearly his entire life in and around Tetuan, and died of the plague in 1224 AH (1809). He is the author of over thirty works, including an autobiography, al-Fahrasa, which provides interesting information concerning the intellectual center that Tetuan had become by the beginning of the 19th century.
Works
The Immense Ocean: Al-Bahr Al-Madid: A Thirteenth Century Quranic Commentary on the Chapters of the All-Merciful, the Event, and Iron (Fons Vitae, Quranic Commentaries) 2009.
The Book of Ascension: Looking into the Essential Truths of Sufism (Mi'raj al-tashawwuf ila haqa'iq al-tasawwuf), A Lexicon of Sufic Terminology by Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba, Mohamed Fouad Aresmouk (Translator), Michael Abdurrahman Fitzgerald (Translator). Fons Vitae 2012; .
Al-ʿumda fī sharḥ al-burda, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām al-ʿImrānī al-Khālidī, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2011.
Al-durar al-mutanāthira fī tawjīh al-qirāʾāt al-mutawātira, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām al-ʿImrānī al-Khālidī, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2013.
Īqāẓ al-himam fī sharḥ al-ḥikam, ed. Muḥammad Aḥmad Ḥasab Allāh, Cairo: Dār al-Maʿārif, 1983.
Autobiography: Aḥmad Ibn ʿAjība, Fahrasat al-ʿālim al-rabbānī Sayyidī Aḥmad Ibn Muḥammad Ibn ʿAjība al-Ḥasanī, ed. ʿAbd al-Salām al-ʿImrānī al-Khālidī, Beirut: Dār al-Kutub al-ʿIlmiyya, 2013.
The Autobiography (Fahrasa) of a Moroccan Soufi: Ahmad ibn 'Ajiba, translated from the Arabic by Jean-Louis Michon and David Streight, Fons Vitae, Louisville KY USA,1999
Jean-Louis Michon: Autobiography of a Moroccan Sufi: Ahmad Ibn 'Ajiba [1747–1809]. 2000;
Sources
Jean-Louis Michon: Le soufi marocain Ah̥mad Ibn 'Ajība (1746–1809) et son "Mi'rāj" (glossaire de la mystique musulmane). Paris : J. Vrin, 1990 (Etudes musulmanes, 14) (Review (1) (2) / Kat.).
Florian A.G. Lützen: Sufitum und Theologie bei Aḥmad Ibn ʿAǧība – Eine Studie zur Methode des Religionsbegriffs, Tübingen: Mohr Siebeck, 2020.
Ḥasan ʿAzzūzī: Al-Shaykh Aḥmad Ibn ʿAjība wa manhajuhū fī al-tafsīr, 2 vols., Rabat: Maṭbaʿat Faḍāla, 2001.
Mahmut Ay: Ahmed b. Acîbe ve işârî tefsir açisindan „El-Bahru‘l-Medîd“, PhD, University of Marmara, Istanbul, 2010.
Nūr al-dīn Nās al-Faqīh: Aḥmad Ibn ʿAjība – Shāʿir al-taṣawwuf al-Maġribī, Beirut: Books-Publisher, 2013.
See also
Abu al-Hasan al-Shadhili
Muhammad al-Arabi al-Darqawi
Ibn 'Ata' Allah al-Sakandari
Ibn al-Banna' al-Marrakushi
Jean-Louis Michon
List of Sufis
List of Ash'aris and Maturidis
External links
His page on Goodreads
Asharis
Sunni Muslim scholars
Sunni imams
Sunni Sufis
Darqawi
Shadhili order
Mujaddid
Quranic exegesis scholars
Moroccan Maliki scholars
Moroccan autobiographers
Moroccan Sufi writers
People from Tangier
People from Tétouan
18th-century Moroccan people
19th-century Moroccan people
1747 births
1809 deaths |
4015636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Ontario%20Junior%20C%20Hockey%20League | Western Ontario Junior C Hockey League | The Western Ontario Junior C Hockey League was a Junior "C" ice hockey league in Ontario, Canada, sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Association. The Champion of the Western will compete for the All-Ontario Championship and the Clarence Schmalz Cup. The WOJCHL merged into the Provincial Junior Hockey League in the Summer of 2016.
Western Junior "C" Hockey League 1966–1970
Central Junior "C" Hockey League 1970–1980
Grey-Bruce Junior "C" Hockey League 1980–1988
Western Ontario Junior "C" Hockey League 1988–2016
History
The Western Junior C Hockey League was founded in 1966 when the original OHA Central Junior C Hockey League, a large league, was divided up. In 1970, the Western league changed its name to the Central league. A couple years later, another league from the old Central league, the Intercounty Jr. C league merged with the new Central league. Brought into the fold was the Caledonia Corvairs who won the league and the Clarence Schmalz Cup in 1973, then jumped to the Junior B level.
In 1969, the Hanover Hurricanes made the jump from the Western Junior D Hockey League to the Central Junior "C". Early powerhouses in the league were the Listowel Cyclones, Kincardine Kinucks, and New Hamburg Hahns. The Hanover Barons are the only remaining team that is still a member from the founding of the league in 1966. They won two Clarence Schmalz Cups while playing in the league and dominated in the 1960s. They were promoted to Junior "B" in 1977. The league became one of at least four different leagues in the OHA to be known as the Central Jr. C league since 1960. The league may have changed its name in 1970 to the Grey-Bruce Junior C Hockey League. This lasted until 1988, as the league granted expansion to 2 teams that were not in Grey or Bruce County—in 1987, the Mount Forest Patriots and in 1989, the Brussels Bulls. In 1988, the league donned its present name, the Western Junior "C" Hockey League.
From 1972 until 1976, the Central league (now the Western league) featured a variety of teams from the Niagara region of Ontario. In 1974, the majority of these teams broke away to form the Niagara & District Junior C Hockey League. In 1976, the remainder of these teams walked away to form the Southwestern Junior B Hockey League, which folded in 1978 and the remaining teams went mostly to the Niagara District league to help form a Western division.
During the 2004-05 season, the WJCHL played an interlocking schedule with the Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior C Hockey League. The WJCHL lost the series with 44 losses, 32 victories, and 6 ties.
On May 29, 2008, the Western league and the Ontario Hockey Association allowed for the Mitchell Hawks to move from the more southerly Southern Ontario Junior Hockey League and into the Western league for the 2008-09 season. This marks the second time the Hawks have been in the loop, the first being the mid-1960s. Also, they share the same name as the Walkerton Hawks, although Walkerton's name is from the raptor (since 1999), while Mitchell's is from the Native Chief.
In 2012, the OHA entered into talks with the Western League and the Southern Ontario Junior Hockey League. If successful, the northern half of the SOJHL would become the "Southern Division" of the WOJCHL, while the original teams would form a "Northern Division". In the Summer of 2013, the OHA opted to realign the SOJHL with the Niagara & District Junior C Hockey League instead. The northern half of the SOJHL remained the SOJHL, while the southern half merged with the NDJCHL. Weeks later the OHA announced that the Eastern Division of the NDJCHL would remain as the Niagara League, while the West would break off and form a new Midwestern Junior C Hockey League.
The teams
2015–16 League Playoffs
Western Junior "C" Champions
A Red Row indicates a team representing the league in the Super Jr. C Playdowns without being the known league champion.
A Blue Row indicates a team representing the league in the OHA Jr. C Playdowns without being the known league champion.
Regular Season Champions
Former Member Teams
Arthur Eagles (1978–1980)
Brantford Penguins (1974–1976)
Brussels Bulls (1989–1999)
Caledonia Corvairs (1972–1973)
Clinton Mustangs (1974–1985)
Elmira Sugar Kings (1966–1970)
Exeter Hawks (1968–1969)
Fergus Green Machine (1980–1982)
Grand Valley Harvesters (1989–1993)
Hespeler Shamrocks (1966–1970)
Ingersoll Marlands (1973–1976)
New Hamburg Hahns (1966–1977)
Kitchener Flying Dutchmen (19xx-1973)
Listowel Cyclones (1972–1979)
London Optimists (19xx-1976)
Owen Sound Salvagemen (1974–1975)
Paris-Burford Flyers (1972–1974)
Port Elgin Bears (1976–1989)
Preston Raiders (1966–1969)
St. Thomas Colonels (1972–1973)
Simcoe Jets (1972–1974)
Tillsonburg Titans (1974–1976)
Wiarton Wolves (1994–2003)
Woodstock Navy-Vets (1972–1976)
Professional alumni
National Hockey League
Kevin Czuczman (Walkerton 2008-09)
Louie DeBrusk (Port Elgin 1986–87)
Aaron Downey (Grand Valley 1990–91)
Paul MacDermid (Port Elgin 1979–80)
Jeff MacMillan (Hanover 1995–96)
Jim Nahrgang (New Hamburg 1966–67)
Nathan Perrott (Walkerton 1992–93)
Kevin Pollock (Hanover)
Curtis Sanford (Wiarton 1994–95)
Darryl Sittler (Elmira 1966–67)
Jordan Willis (Hanover 1991–92)
See also
Provincial Junior Hockey League for PJHL Pollock Division
External links
Western Jr. "C" Website
OHA Website
C
C |
4015641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khachatur%20Abovian | Khachatur Abovian | Khachatur Abovian (or Abovyan; ; (disappeared)) was an Armenian writer and national public figure of the early 19th century who mysteriously vanished in 1848 and was eventually presumed dead. He was an educator, poet and an advocate of modernization. Reputed as the father of modern Armenian literature, he is best remembered for his novel Wounds of Armenia. Written in 1841 and published posthumously in 1858, it was the first novel published in the modern Armenian language, using Eastern Armenian based on the Yerevan dialect instead of Classical Armenian.
Abovian was far ahead of his time and virtually none of his works were published during his lifetime. Only after the establishment of the Armenian SSR was Abovian accorded recognition and stature. Abovian is regarded as one of the foremost figures not just in Armenian literature, but Armenian history at large. Abovian's influence on Western Armenian literature was not as strong as it was on Eastern Armenian, particularly in its formative years.
Early life and career
Abovian was born in 1809 in the village of Kanaker, then part of the Qajar Persian Empire, and now a district of Yerevan, Armenia. Abovian's family were descendants of the Beglaryan melik family in Gulistan, one of five Armenian families who ruled around the current day region of Nagorno-Karabakh. The Abovian family held the position of tanuter (a hereditary lordship) in Kanaker; Abovian's uncle was the last tanuter of Kanaker. His aunt was the wife of Sahak Aghamalian, the last melik of Yerevan at the time of the Russian annexation in 1828. His social origins and descent imbued him at an early age with a sense of responsibility to his people. He was born six years after his parents, Avetik and Takuhi, married. He had a brother, Garabed, who died at the age of three.
At age 10, Abovian was taken by his father to Echmiadzin to study for the priesthood. He dropped out after five years and moved to Tiflis in 1822 to study Armenian studies and languages at the Nersisyan School under the guidance of Harutiun Alamdarian. Abovian graduated in 1826 and began preparing to move to Venice to further his education. However, the outbreak of the Russo-Persian War (1826–28) curtailed his plans. For the following three years he taught briefly at Sanahin and then worked for Catholicos Yeprem of Armenia as his clerk and translator. While working for the Catholicos, the twenty-year-old Abovian met many notable foreigners, including the diplomat and playwright Alexandr Griboyedov, who was stuck in Echmiadzin en route to Tabriz in September 1828. Griboyedov's weekly Tifliskiye Vedemosti became the first paper to publish an article on Abovian.
Conquest of Ararat
The turning point in Abovian's life was the arrival of Friedrich Parrot in Armenia in September 1829, a professor of physics from the University of Dorpat in Livonia (in present-day Tartu, Estonia). Parrot traveled to Armenia to climb Mount Ararat to conduct geological studies and required a local guide and a translator for the expedition. The Catholicos assigned Abovian to these tasks. With Abovian's assistance, Parrot became the first explorer in modern times to reach the summit of Mount Ararat. The project received full approval from the emperor Nicholas I, who provided the expedition with a military escort.
Abovian and Parrot crossed the Arax River into the district of Surmali and headed to the Armenian village of Akhuri situated on the northern slope of Ararat above sea level. Following the advice of Harutiun Alamdarian of Tiflis, they set up base camp at the Monastery of St. Hakob some higher, at an elevation of . Abovian was one of the last travelers to visit Akhuri and the monastery before a disastrous earthquake completely buried both in May 1840. Their first attempt to climb the mountain, using the northeast slope, failed as a result of lack of warm clothing.
Six days later, on the advice of Stepan Khojiants, the village chief of Akhuri, the ascent was attempted from the northwest side. After reaching an elevation of , they turned back because they did not reach the summit before sundown. They reached the summit on their third attempt at 3:15 p.m. on October 9, 1829. Abovian dug a hole in the ice and erected a wooden cross facing north. Abovian picked up a chunk of ice from the summit and carried it down with him in a bottle, considering the water holy. On November 8, Parrot and Abovian climbed up Lesser Ararat. Years later, in 1845, the German mineralogist Otto Wilhelm Hermann von Abich climbed Ararat with Abovian. Abovian's third and last ascent of Ararat was with the Englishman Henry Danby Seymour in 1846.
The Dorpat years
Impressed with Abovian's thirst for knowledge, Parrot arranged for a Russian state scholarship for Abovian to study at the University of Dorpat in 1830. He entered the university directly without additional preparation and studied in the Philosophy faculty of the Philological-Historical department from September 3, 1830, until January 18, 1836. The years in Dorpat (present-day Tartu, Estonia) were very fruitful for Abovian who studied social and natural sciences, European literature and philosophy, and mastered German, Russian, French and Latin. At this time Abovian fell under the influence of German Romanticism. In addition, Abovian established numerous contacts with European intellectuals of the time. At the university he became friends with the sons of Nikolay Karamzin who studied with him. In 1834 Abovian visited his cousin Maria (daughter of melik Sahak Aghamalian) in St. Petersburg, then married to the Georgian Prince Alexander. Prior to graduation, Abovian learned that his mother Takuhi had died.
Return to Armenia
In 1836 he returned home anxious to embark on a mission of enlightenment. Abovian's efforts were thwarted as he faced a growing and hostile reaction from the Armenian clergy as well as Tsarist officials, largely stemming from his opposition to dogmatism and formalism in the school system. Abovian was appointed as the supervisor of the Tiflis uyezd school and married a German woman named Emilia Looze (died 1870) in 1839. In 1840 he was approached by English traveler Anne Lister, who was visiting Tiflis with her partner Ann Walker. She hoped that Abovian would guide her on another expedition to Mount Ararat which ultimately did not occur. He was dismissed from the school in 1843 and was transferred to the uyezd school in Yerevan where he encountered apathy and antagonism from his colleagues and the clergy.
In the summer of the same year, Abovian was visited by two German travellers. A Bavarian professor, Moritz Wagner, from the University of Munich, arrived in May and toured the Lake Sevan region with Abovian and thereafter corresponded with him on a regular basis. In July Abovian also accompanied Wagner on the first recorded ascent of Mount Aragats in Armenia.
In August, Abovian escorted the German Baron August von Haxthausen around the province. They visited the Abovian family home in Kanaker and attended a service at the Blue Mosque. They also visited a Yazidi encampment where they met the chief Timur Aga and exchanged pleasantries with a rider from Count Paskevich's guard. He became a trusted friend of the Yazidi community in Armenia, and when the chief returned with lavish gifts from a banquet in Tiflis organized by the viceroy of the Caucasus Mikhail Semyonovich Vorontsov in 1844, he organized a tribal feast and Abovian was invited to attend. In 1845 he applied for a position at the Catholicate of Echmiadzin but was not accepted. The following year, he became a contributor to Vorontsov's weekly newspaper, Kavkaz, for which Abovian wrote three articles.
Disappearance
On April 14, 1848, Abovian left his home for an early morning walk, and was never seen again; his disappearance remains unresolved. His wife Emilia did not report him missing for a month. Their children, Vartan (1840–1896) and Zarmandukht (later known as Adelaide; 1843–1909), were ages eight and five, respectively, at the time of the disappearance.
Numerous theories have been proposed attempting to explain his disappearance: that he committed suicide, was murdered by his Persian or Turkish enemies, or arrested and exiled to Siberia by the Special Corps of Gendarmes, among others. Given his love for his children and their young age, it is generally disregarded that Abovian committed suicide. Writer Axel Bakunts put forward the theory that Abovian was in Western Europe engulfed in the Revolutions of 1848.
Writings
Abovian wrote novels, stories, descriptions, plays, scientific and artistic compositions, verses and fables. He was the first Armenian writer to compose literature for children.
Wounds of Armenia
The historical novel Wounds of Armenia (written in 1841, first published in 1858) was the first Armenian secular novel dedicated to the fate of the Armenian people and its struggle for liberation in the period of Russo-Persian war of 1826–1828. The novel dealt with the suffering of Armenians under Persian occupation. The basic concept of the novel was the assertion of feelings of national merit, patriotism and hatred of oppressors. These themes had a profound influence over wide layers of Armenian society. The hero, Agassi, personifies the freedom-loving national spirit and its will to fight against the foreign conquerors. "Give away your life, but never give away your native lands", is his motto. The story begins with an abduction of an Armenian girl by a band of thugs sent by the Persian sardar that triggers an uprising led by Agassi.
Abovian saw in strengthening of the friendship of Russian and Armenian peoples a guarantee of the national, political and cultural revival of his native lands. However; when Abovian wrote the novel he was already disillusioned with Tsarist policies in Armenia, particularly with the implementation of Polozhenie (Statute) in 1836 which greatly reduced the political power of the Armenian Catholicos and the abolishment of the Armenian Oblast in 1840. In the novel, elements of romanticism and realism are interlaced while the narration is supplanted by lyrical retreats.
Other works
Abovian's poetry was filled with satire best expressed in The wine jug, in which he criticized Russian bureaucracy. Leisure entertainment was adapted by Abovian from notes he took in public gatherings. The work is a collection of fables in verse that chastise vice, injustice and moral degeneration. He wrote scientific and artistic non-fiction works such as the Discovery of America and Book of Stories. Abovian translated to the Armenian language the works of Homer, Goethe, Friedrich Schiller, Nikolay Karamzin, I. A. Krylov and others. He continued promoting secular and comprehensive (mental, moral, working, physical) training, school accessibility, free education for the indigent and equal education of boys and girls. Pedagogical compositions of Abovian include the book for reading Introduction to education (1838), a textbook of Russian grammar and an Armenian-language novel History of Tigran, or a moral manual for the Armenian children (printed in 1941). He was the first Armenian to study scientific ethnography: the way of life and customs of the peasants of the native settlements around Kanaker, inhabitants of Yerevan, and gathered and studied Armenian and Kurdish folklore.
Legacy
Abovian's life is well remembered in Armenia. During the years in which Armenia was under Soviet rule, his pro-Russia stance was emphasized. Schools, streets, boulevards and parks were named after him. The village of Elar, located northeast of Yerevan, was named after him in 1961. Two years later, as the village's population grew larger, Abovyan was accorded with city status. His home in Kanaker was turned into a house-museum in 1939, and many of his original writings are preserved there. The work Abovian accomplished in the field of education was remembered. Yerevan's State Pedagogical Institute was named after him. On February 28, 1964, a medal was named in his honour (Աբովյանի Անվան Մեդալ) and which was awarded to school teachers who showed exceptional abilities in teaching and education.
Portrait
Abovian's portrait is one of the most exceptional exhibits of the Museum of Literature and Arts after Charents. It is an oil painting with a size of by . In 1938 Abovian's grandsons brought it to the museum. When Abovian's son Vardan returned to the Caucasus, he found the painting in a badly deteriorated condition. But by Vardan's request Armenian painter Gevorg Bashinjagyan restored the portrait. He cut worn-out edges, glued it to a hard paper and then filled the cracks with corresponding colors. The painter of the portrait was Ludwig von Maydell, from Dorpat University. He painted it in the fall of 1830, when Abovian was only 20 or 21 years old. This portrait is the only painting of Abovian made during his lifetime.
Statues
Two prominent statues of Abovian stand in Yerevan. The concept of the first statue dates back to 1908 when a number of Armenian intellectuals in Russian Armenia decided to commemorate the 60th anniversary of Abovian's disappearance and raise funds for a statue. These included Alexander Shirvanzade, Hovhannes Tumanyan and Gevorg Bashinjagyan. By 1910 they had collected enough funds to order the statue. It was designed by M. Grigoryan and sculpted by Andreas Ter-Manukyan in Paris between 1910 and 1913. The statue is high and made of bronze on a granite pedestal. As a result of a misunderstanding the statue was only delivered to Yerevan in 1925 and first erected on Abovian street by the cinema Moscow in 1933 and then moved to the children's park on the banks of the Hrazdan River. In 1964, it found its permanent home by the Abovian house-museum in Kanaker. The second statue of Abovian in Yerevan was erected in Abovian square in 1950. The high bronze statue was designed by Gevork Tamanian (son of Alexander Tamanian) and sculpted by Suren Stepanyan.
Film
Between 1948 and 1984, five documentary films were produced in the Armenian SSR about the life and work of Abovian. In 2011, the documentary film Journey to Ararat on Parrot and Abovian's expedition to Mount Ararat was produced in Estonia by filmmaker Riho Västrik. It was screened at the Golden Apricot International Film Festival in Yerevan in 2013.
See also
List of people who disappeared
Selected bibliography
Prose
Novels
Wounds of Armenia, or lamentation of the patriot (Tiflis 1858)
History of Tigran, or a moral manual for Armenian children (1941)
Non-fiction
Introduction to education (Tiflis 1838)
Collection of algebra exercises (1868)
New theoretical and practical Russian grammar for Armenians (1839)
Other
Unpublished works (Tiflis 1904)
Unpublished letters (Vienna 1929)
Stories
The Turkish girl (Yerevan 1941)
Poetry
The wine jug (Tiflis 1912)
Folk songs (Yerevan 1939)
Poems (Yerevan 1941)
Poetry for children (Yerevan 1941)
Fables
Leisure entertainment (Tiflis 1864, includes the play Feodora)
Fables (Yerevan 1941)
Notes
References
Further reading
Hakobyan P., S. Dulyan et al. "Abovyan, Khachatur", "Abovyan (city)", "Medal after Abovyan", "Abovyan House-Museum" in the Soviet Armenian Encyclopedia. vol. i. Yerevan, Armenian SSR: Armenian Academy of Sciences, 1974, pp. 32–35, 38.
External links
Khachatur Abovian's biography at AV Production
Khachatur Abovian House-Museum
1809 births
1840s missing person cases
1848 deaths
19th-century Armenian writers
Place of death unknown
Armenian people of the Russian Empire
Persian Armenians
Armenian activists
Writers from Yerevan
Armenian male writers
Nersisian School alumni
Mount Ararat
Year of death unknown |
4015668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmen%20Helena%20T%C3%A9llez | Carmen Helena Téllez | Carmen-Helena Téllez (25 September 1955, Caracas, Venezuela-10 December 2021, South Bend, Indiana) was a Venezuelan-American music conductor, producer, and composer. Reviewed as "a quiet force behind contemporary music in the United States today", she was a pioneer of new modes of classical music presentation, through the exploration of the relationship of music with other arts and technology as well as through the discovery of underrepresented composers (especially women and Latin American authors) with multiple performances of contemporary works for chorus, orchestra and new opera.
Career
Conducting
She conducted in the United States, Europe, Israel, and Latin America. After her tenure as Music Director of the National Chorus of Spain, she joined the music faculty at Indiana University in 1992, as Director of the Latin American Music Center and the Contemporary Vocal Ensemble. For these organizations, she commissioned and recorded several new works, produced 14 CDs of Latin American music, and organized several Inter-American Composition Workshops. During the 2001-2002 period, she was the Resident Conductor of the pioneering Contemporary Chamber Players of Chicago and became the Music Director of the Pocket Opera Players in New York City.
Throughout her life, Téllez was known as a conductor of new music, even as she remained active conducting canonic repertoire. She is the first woman on record to conduct Berlioz's Grande Messe des Morts (Indiana University, 2000). In the year 2001, she conducted the American Midwest premiere of John Adams' El Niño, and in 2002 she conducted Stephen Hartke's Tituli and the second-ever performance of Ralph Shapey's oratorio "Praise". She was responsible for several commissions and world premieres, including John Eaton's opera Inasmuch and his Mass for vocal-instrumental ensemble. Téllez also performed the Midwest premieres of many important compositions, including James MacMillan's Seven Last Words, Alfred Schnittke's Requiem and Lou Harrison's Orpheus. In July 2006, Téllez conducted the world premiere of MacMillan's Sun-Dogs which she had co-commissioned. In October 2007 she conducted the collegiate premiere of Osvaldo Golijov's opera Ainadamar. In August 2008 she produced and conducted the world premiere of Gabriela Ortiz's opera ¡Únicamente la verdad! In 2011 she also premiered a new interdisciplinary version of "Passion with Tropes" by Don Freund. She also commissioned and premiered the oratorio Paradiso by Robert Kyr, and recorded the anthology of works based on poetry by Sor Juana Inés de la Cruz by MacArthur Award winner John Eaton.
With Chía Patiño, artistic director of Ecuador's Teatro Nacional Sucre, she developed a version in 2018 of The Magic Flute, La flauta mágica de los Andes, featuring aspects of Andean mythology while rewriting and completing a proposed transcription using Ecuadorian instruments.
Consulting and research
As a scholar and conductor, she won numerous grants and awards from the US-Mexico Fund for Culture, the Rockefeller Foundation, the Indiana Arts Commission, the United States Information Agency, and the Circle of Music and Theater Critics of Mexico. She was a respected consultant with international organizations on contemporary composers and on Latin American music, and wrote several articles on these subjects for the New Grove Dictionary of Music. Indiana University awarded her the Tracy Sonneborn Award for the integration of creativity and teaching in 2010.
In 1996, she founded Aguavá New Music Studio, with composer Cary Boyce. With this organization, she recorded two CDs. Her current research and performance interests involved the inter-disciplinary presentation of new music, in order to enhance the connection of composers with the concerns of present-day audiences and reassess the ritual role of art in our time. In 2014, she founded the collective Kosmologia, to advance new modes of music presentation.
In 2012, she became Professor of Conducting at the University of Notre Dame, where she founded the doctoral Choral Conducting program and led a series of musical works with new modes of interdisciplinary presentation. She won a grant from the Andrew W. Mellon Foundation to develop projects in sacred music drama for her research project, Notre Dame Vocale, between 2012 and 2016.
Carmen-Helena Téllez held a Doctor of Music degree from Indiana University, and was the winner of the ACDA Julius Herford National Choral Dissertation Award (1991).
Death
She passed away on December 10th, 2021 at her home in South Bend, Indiana.
References
Aguava New Music Studio
Carmen Helena Téllez Official Site
Indiana University Latin American Music Center
Sacred Music at Notre Dame
1955 births
Living people
Indiana University faculty
Venezuelan expatriates in the United States
Venezuelan conductors (music)
Women conductors (music)
20th-century conductors (music)
20th-century women musicians
21st-century conductors (music)
21st-century women musicians
University of Notre Dame faculty |
4015679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peirce%27s%20criterion | Peirce's criterion | In robust statistics, Peirce's criterion is a rule for eliminating outliers from data sets, which was devised by Benjamin Peirce.
Outliers removed by Peirce's criterion
The problem of outliers
In data sets containing real-numbered measurements, the suspected outliers are the measured values that appear to lie outside the cluster of most of the other data values. The outliers would greatly change the estimate of location if the arithmetic average were to be used as a summary statistic of location. The problem is that the arithmetic mean is very sensitive to the inclusion of any outliers; in statistical terminology, the arithmetic mean is not robust.
In the presence of outliers, the statistician has two options. First, the statistician may remove the suspected outliers from the data set and then use the arithmetic mean to estimate the location parameter. Second, the statistician may use a robust statistic, such as the median statistic.
Peirce's criterion is a statistical procedure for eliminating outliers.
Uses of Peirce's criterion
The statistician and historian of statistics Stephen M. Stigler wrote the following about Benjamin Peirce:
"In 1852 he published the first significance test designed to tell an investigator whether an outlier should be rejected (Peirce 1852, 1878). The test, based on a likelihood ratio type of argument, had the distinction of producing an international debate on the wisdom of such actions (Anscombe, 1960, Rider, 1933, Stigler, 1973a)."
Peirce's criterion is derived from a statistical analysis of the Gaussian distribution. Unlike some other criteria for removing outliers, Peirce's method can be applied to identify two or more outliers.
"It is proposed to determine in a series of observations the limit of error, beyond which all observations involving so great an error may be rejected, provided there are as many as such observations. The principle upon which it is proposed to solve this problem is, that the proposed observations should be rejected when the probability of the system of errors obtained by retaining them is less than that of the system of errors obtained by their rejection multiplied by the probability of making so many, and no more, abnormal observations."
Hawkins provides a formula for the criterion.
Peirce's criterion was used for decades at the United States Coast Survey.
"From 1852 to 1867 he served as the director of the longitude determinations of the U. S. Coast Survey and from 1867 to 1874 as superintendent of the Survey. During these years his test was consistently employed by all the clerks of this, the most active and mathematically inclined statistical organization of the era."
Peirce's criterion was discussed in William Chauvenet's book.
Applications
An application for Peirce's criterion is removing poor data points from observation pairs in order to perform a regression between the two observations (e.g., a linear regression). Peirce's criterion does not depend on observation data (only characteristics of the observation data), therefore making it a highly repeatable process that can be calculated independently of other processes. This feature makes Peirce's criterion for identifying outliers ideal in computer applications because it can be written as a call function.
Previous attempts
In 1855, B. A. Gould attempted to make Peirce's criterion easier to apply by creating tables of values representing values from Peirce's equations. A disconnect still exists between Gould's algorithm and the practical application of Peirce's criterion.
In 2003, S. M. Ross (University of New Haven) re-presented Gould's algorithm (now called "Peirce's method") with a new example data set and work-through of the algorithm. This methodology still relies on using look-up tables, which have been updated in this work (Peirce's criterion table).
In 2008, an attempt to write a pseudo-code was made by a Danish geologist K. Thomsen. While this code provided some framework for Gould's algorithm, users were unsuccessful in calculating values reported by either Peirce or Gould.
In 2012, C. Dardis released the R package "Peirce" with various methodologies (Peirce's criterion and the Chauvenet method) with comparisons of outlier removals. Dardis and fellow contributor Simon Muller successfully implemented Thomsen's pseudo-code into a function called "findx". The code is presented in the R implementation section below. References for the R package are available online as well as an unpublished review of the R package results.
In 2013, a re-examination of Gould's algorithm and the utilisation of advanced Python programming modules (i.e., numpy and scipy) has made it possible to calculate the squared-error threshold values for identifying outliers.
Python implementation
In order to use Peirce's criterion, one must first understand the input and return values. Regression analysis (or the fitting of curves to data) results in residual errors (or the difference between the fitted curve and the observation points). Therefore, each observation point has a residual error associated with a fitted curve. By taking the square (i.e., residual error raised to the power of two), residual errors are expressed as positive values. If the squared error is too large (i.e., due to a poor observation) it can cause problems with the regression parameters (e.g., slope and intercept for a linear curve) retrieved from the curve fitting.
It was Peirce's idea to statistically identify what constituted an error as "too large" and therefore being identified as an "outlier" which could be removed from the observations to improve the fit between the observations and a curve. K. Thomsen identified that three parameters were needed to perform the calculation: the number of observation pairs (N), the number of outliers to be removed (n), and the number of regression parameters (e.g., coefficients) used in the curve-fitting to get the residuals (m). The end result of this process is to calculate a threshold value (of squared error) whereby observations with a squared error smaller than this threshold should be kept and observations with a squared error larger than this value should be removed (i.e., as an outlier).
Because Peirce's criterion does not take observations, fitting parameters, or residual errors as an input, the output must be re-associated with the data. Taking the average of all the squared errors (i.e., the mean-squared error) and multiplying it by the threshold squared error (i.e., the output of this function) will result in the data-specific threshold value used to identify outliers.
The following Python code returns x-squared values for a given N (first column) and n (top row) in Table 1 (m = 1) and Table 2 (m = 2) of Gould 1855. Due to the Newton-method of iteration, look-up tables, such as N versus log Q (Table III in Gould, 1855) and x versus log R (Table III in Peirce, 1852 and Table IV in Gould, 1855) are no longer necessary.
Python code
#!/usr/bin/env python3
import numpy
import scipy.special
def peirce_dev(N: int, n: int, m: int) -> float:
"""Peirce's criterion
Returns the squared threshold error deviation for outlier identification
using Peirce's criterion based on Gould's methodology.
Arguments:
- int, total number of observations (N)
- int, number of outliers to be removed (n)
- int, number of model unknowns (m)
Returns:
float, squared error threshold (x2)
"""
# Assign floats to input variables:
N = float(N)
n = float(n)
m = float(m)
# Check number of observations:
if N > 1:
# Calculate Q (Nth root of Gould's equation B):
Q = (n ** (n / N) * (N - n) ** ((N - n) / N)) / N
#
# Initialize R values (as floats)
r_new = 1.0
r_old = 0.0 # <- Necessary to prompt while loop
#
# Start iteration to converge on R:
while abs(r_new - r_old) > (N * 2.0e-16):
# Calculate Lamda
# (1/(N-n)th root of Gould's equation A'):
ldiv = r_new ** n
if ldiv == 0:
ldiv = 1.0e-6
Lamda = ((Q ** N) / (ldiv)) ** (1.0 / (N - n))
# Calculate x-squared (Gould's equation C):
x2 = 1.0 + (N - m - n) / n * (1.0 - Lamda ** 2.0)
# If x2 goes negative, return 0:
if x2 < 0:
x2 = 0.0
r_old = r_new
else:
# Use x-squared to update R (Gould's equation D):
r_old = r_new
r_new = numpy.exp((x2 - 1) / 2.0) * scipy.special.erfc(
numpy.sqrt(x2) / numpy.sqrt(2.0)
)
else:
x2 = 0.0
return x2
Java code
import org.apache.commons.math3.special.Erf;
public class PierceCriterion {
/**
* Peirce's criterion
* <p>
* Returns the squared threshold error deviation for outlier identification
* using Peirce's criterion based on Gould's methodology.
* <p>
* Arguments:
* - int, total number of observations (N)
* - int, number of outliers to be removed (n)
* - int, number of model unknowns (m)
* Returns:
* float, squared error threshold (x2)
**/
public static final double peirce_dev(double N, double n, double m) {
//Check number of observations:
double x2 = 0.0;
if (N > 1) {
//Calculate Q (Nth root of Gould 's equation B):
double Q = (Math.pow(n, (n / N)) * Math.pow((N - n), ((N - n) / N))) / N;
//Initialize R values(as floats)
double r_new = 1.0;
double r_old = 0.0; // <-Necessary to prompt while loop
//Start iteration to converge on R:
while (Math.abs(r_new - r_old) > (N * 2.0e-16)) {
//Calculate Lamda
//(1 / (N - n) th root of Gould 's equation A'):
double ldiv = Math.pow(r_new, n);
if (ldiv == 0) {
ldiv = 1.0e-6;
}
double Lamda = Math.pow((Math.pow(Q, N) / (ldiv)), (1.0 / (N - n)));
//Calculate x -squared(Gould 's equation C):
x2 = 1.0 + (N - m - n) / n * (1.0 - Math.pow(Lamda, 2.0));
//If x2 goes negative, return 0:
if (x2 < 0) {
x2 = 0.0;
r_old = r_new;
} else {
//Use x -squared to update R(Gould 's equation D):
r_old = r_new;
r_new = Math.exp((x2 - 1) / 2.0) * Erf.erfc(Math.sqrt(x2) / Math.sqrt(2.0));
}
}
} else {
x2 = 0.0;
}
return x2;
}
}
R implementation
Thomsen's code has been successfully written into the following function call, "findx" by C. Dardis and S. Muller in 2012 which returns the maximum error deviation, . To complement the Python code presented in the previous section, the R equivalent of "peirce_dev" is also presented here which returns the squared maximum error deviation, . These two functions return equivalent values by either squaring the returned value from the "findx" function or by taking the square-root of the value returned by the "peirce_dev" function. Differences occur with error handling. For example, the "findx" function returns NaNs for invalid data while "peirce_dev" returns 0 (which allows for computations to continue without additional NA value handling). Also, the "findx" function does not support any error handling when the number of potential outliers increases towards the number of observations (throws missing value error and NaN warning).
Just as with the Python version, the squared-error (i.e., ) returned by the "peirce_dev" function must be multiplied by the mean-squared error of the model fit to get the squared-delta value (i.e., Δ2). Use Δ2 to compare the squared-error values of the model fit. Any observation pairs with a squared-error greater than Δ2 are considered outliers and can be removed from the model. An iterator should be written to test increasing values of n until the number of outliers identified (comparing Δ2 to model-fit squared-errors) is less than those assumed (i.e., Peirce's n).
R code
findx <- function(N, k, m) {
# method by K. Thomsen (2008)
# written by C. Dardis and S. Muller (2012)
# Available online: https://r-forge.r-project.org/R/?group_id=1473
#
# Variable definitions:
# N :: number of observations
# k :: number of potential outliers to be removed
# m :: number of unknown quantities
#
# Requires the complementary error function, erfc:
erfc <- function(x) 2 * pnorm(x * sqrt(2), lower.tail = FALSE)
#
x <- 1
if ((N - m - k) <= 0) {
return(NaN)
print(NaN)
} else {
x <- min(x, sqrt((N - m)/k) - 1e-10)
#
# Log of Gould's equation B:
LnQN <- k * log(k) + (N - k) * log(N - k) - N * log(N)
#
# Gould's equation D:
R1 <- exp((x^2 - 1)/2) * erfc(x/sqrt(2))
#
# Gould's equation A' solved for R w/ Lambda substitution:
R2 <- exp( (LnQN - 0.5 * (N - k) * log((N-m-k*x^2)/(N-m-k)) )/k )
#
# Equate the two R equations:
R1d <- x * R1 - sqrt(2/pi/exp(1))
R2d <- x * (N - k)/(N - m - k * x^2) * R2
#
# Update x:
oldx <- x
x <- oldx - (R1 - R2)/(R1d - R2d)
#
# Loop until convergence:
while (abs(x - oldx) >= N * 2e-16) {
R1 <- exp((x^2 - 1)/2) * erfc(x/sqrt(2))
R2 <- exp( (LnQN - 0.5 * (N - k) * log((N-m-k*x^2)/(N-m-k)) )/k )
R1d <- x * R1 - sqrt(2/pi/exp(1))
R2d <- x * (N - k)/(N - m - k * x^2) * R2
oldx <- x
x <- oldx - (R1 - R2)/(R1d - R2d)
}
}
return(x)
}
peirce_dev <- function(N, n, m) {
# N :: total number of observations
# n :: number of outliers to be removed
# m :: number of model unknowns (e.g., regression parameters)
#
# Check number of observations:
if (N > 1) {
# Calculate Q (Nth root of Gould's equation B):
Q = (n^(n/N) * (N-n)^((N-n)/N))/N
#
# Initialize R values:
Rnew = 1.0
Rold = 0.0 # <- Necessary to prompt while loop
#
while (abs(Rnew-Rold) > (N*2.0e-16)) {
# Calculate Lamda (1/(N-n)th root of Gould's equation A'):
ldiv = Rnew^n
if (ldiv == 0) {
ldiv = 1.0e-6
}
Lamda = ((Q^N)/(ldiv))^(1.0/(N-n))
#
# Calculate x-squared (Gould's equation C):
x2 = 1.0 + (N-m-n)/n * (1.0-Lamda^2.0)
#
# If x2 goes negative, set equal to zero:
if (x2 < 0) {
x2 = 0
Rold = Rnew
} else {
#
# Use x-squared to update R (Gould's equation D):
# NOTE: error function (erfc) is replaced with pnorm (Rbasic):
# source:
# http://stat.ethz.ch/R-manual/R-patched/library/stats/html/Normal.html
Rold = Rnew
Rnew = exp((x2-1)/2.0)*(2*pnorm(sqrt(x2)/sqrt(2)*sqrt(2), lower=FALSE))
}
}
} else {
x2 = 0
}
x2
}
Notes
References
Peirce, Benjamin, "Criterion for the Rejection of Doubtful Observations", Astronomical Journal II 45 (1852) and Errata to the original paper.
. NOAA PDF Eprint (goes to Report p. 200, PDF's p. 215). U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey Annual Reports links for years 1837–1965.
Ross, Stephen, "Peirce's Criterion for the Elimination of Suspect Experimental Data", J. Engr. Technology, vol. 20 no.2, Fall, 2003.
Hawkins, D.M. (1980). Identification of outliers. Chapman and Hall, London.
Chauvenet, W. (1876) A Manual of Spherical and Practical Astronomy. J.B.Lippincott, Philadelphia. (reprints of various editions: Dover, 1960; Peter Smith Pub, 2000, ; Adamant Media Corporation (2 Volumes), 2001, , ; BiblioBazaar, 2009, )
Statistical outliers
Articles with example R code
Articles with example Python (programming language) code |
4015689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus%20Gates%20Farmstead | Cyrus Gates Farmstead | The Cyrus Gates Farmstead is located in Maine, New York. Cyrus Gates was a cartographer and map maker for New York State, as well as an abolitionist. The great granddaughter of Cyrus-Louise Gates-Gunsalus has stated that from 1848 until the end of slavery in the United States in 1865, the Cyrus Gates Farmstead was a station or stop on the Underground Railroad (Woodward 1973). Its owners, Cyrus and Arabella Gates, were outspoken abolitionists as well as active and vital members of their community. Historian Shirley L. Woodward states that through those years escaped slaves came through the Gates' station.
One runaway female slave, a 16-year-old girl named Margaret "Marge" Cruizer was so comfortable with the Gates family that she decided to stay at their station and live with them. Marge ended up spending the rest of her life with the Gates and is buried in the cemetery next to the house. (Woodward 1973 pp 52–53). Margaret was also known as the wife of Thomas "Old Bay Tom" Crocker. Mr. Crocker was famous for being the first African-American to be elected as mayor of Binghamton, New York, albeit a protest vote that was reversed in the election of 1872. (Smith 2014).
Role of the Farmstead
Owning a station or being a conductor on the Underground Railroad (UGRR) was most certainly illegal behavior, although not considered unethical behavior by many people. In light of this, participation in the Underground Railroad was very secretive; records were not usually, if ever kept of the comings and goings at stations. It would be an unwise act to record illegal behavior, especially in New York where the Northern Democrats were strong. In fact Cyrus' own brother William Gates was an ardent Copperhead and after an argument with Cyrus over "breaking the law" moved out of the family house. In light of this it is easier to see why much of the history of this vast network of stations has been passed down through oral history.
The oral history of the Cyrus Gates Farmstead says that the main house was used before and after the Civil War as a station on the Underground Railway and that Cyrus and Arabella Gates were station hosts or conductors. The following is a statement made by Cyrus Gates' great-granddaughter, Louise Gates-Gunsalus (1894-1982):
"I know of only one route in Maine township for the travel and care of slaves. This route has, as far as I have been told, its first point of contact in a home in Vestal, New York. Its next station, or stop, the Luce home on Route 26, south of Union Center, and next, to the Russell Gates home. The next and last known point was the Bushnell home on the Newark Valley, Dryden Road at the crossroad where the Bushnell house stood. From there the next station was in or near Ithaca, but where I have no information." (Woodward 1973 p. 52)
As UGRR historian Milton Sernett has referenced: To facilitate the harboring and if necessary the hiding of runaway slaves, the Gates built a hiding place inside the south wing of their attic. Inside the master bedroom upstairs, an access panel was made inside of one of the closets. The old leather thong used to close the panel to the wall is still there to this day. This panel would give assess to an area that was roughly 20 feet by 10 feet by four feet high. It is not known if runaways were actually ever forced to retreat to this area. There would probably have to be a high level of concern, such as a bounty hunter in the area to necessitate the hiding of slaves inside the house. (Sernett 2002, p162)
Underground Railroad Connection
The Southern Tier of New York State was a key geographic area for runaway slaves, whether on their own or as a part of the Underground Railroad (UGRR). Broome County, New York stands midway between a Philadelphia UGRR launch point such as William Still's and the significant UGRR station zone of abolitionist Gerrit Smith in Peterboro, NY. As the most well known of UGRR conductors, Harriet Tubman frequently traveled this area. She made several trips from the South to Upstate New York stations such as the Smiths and possibly the Gates, St. James AME Zion Church (Ithaca, New York), and eventually to final stops in places like St. Catharines, Ontario. In addition, Harriet Tubman lived in Auburn, New York where as a member of the Thompson AME Zion Church she started the Harriet Tubman Home for the Aged.
Slaves traveled from the South to the North from station to station mostly under the cover of darkness. Often, once runaways got into the states of Pennsylvania and Ohio, they were not in much danger of being captured by bounty hunters or the police. Runaways in New York often worked and did chores with the station owners during the day.
In 1850 the United States government, in trying to prevent a war between the slave and non-slave states, passed the new and more aggressive Fugitive Slave Act. This law gave bounty hunters from the South more rights to chase slaves into the North and forced Northern police officers into arresting and returning runaway slaves that they captured. Abolitionists hated the Fugitive Slave Act, and started working with more intensity and urgency to find ways to end slavery. Southern slave plantation owners hated Northern abolitionists because the abolitionists wanted to end slavery which in turn would mean that the plantation owners would lose their laborers, considered as their chattel.
The average slave was worth a lot of money to a slave owner-about $1,000 in the 1860s, so owners would pay bounty hunters to bring runaway slaves back to them or pay upon delivery of the runaway slave.
Historic Registry
The Cyrus Gates Farmstead was placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1999. In addition to the main Greek Revival farmhouse, the farmstead contains two barns (one built in 1836), a tenant farmer's house, a bee keeper's house or sugar shack, a blacksmith's shop, a four-seat outhouse, and a pole barn. The placement was based on the home's Greek Revival architecture, the importance of Cyrus Gates, a cartographer and mapmaker for the State of New York and its strong oral history as a stop on the Underground Railroad.
See also
Underground Railroad
Abolitionism in the United States
List of Underground Railway sites
Thomas Garret
Cyrus Gates
Jermain Wesley Loguen
Gerrit Smith
William Still
Harriet Tubman
Notes
References
Smith, Gerald and Basler, George 'Did Ex-Slave Beat Banker in 1872 Binghamton Mayor Race? November 9, 2014.
External links
http://www.wpcsd.org/CyrusGatesFarmstead.aspx
Houses on the Underground Railroad
Houses in Broome County, New York
1840s in New York (state)
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
Historic American Buildings Survey in New York (state)
Greek Revival houses in New York (state)
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New York (state)
National Register of Historic Places in Broome County, New York
Underground Railroad in New York (state)
de:Atlantischer Sklavenhandel
he:עבדות בארצות הברית
pl:Niewolnictwo w USA
sk:História otroctva v Spojených štátoch amerických |
4015693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20University%20%28United%20States%20Air%20Force%29 | Air University (United States Air Force) | Air University is a professional military education university system of the United States Air Force. It is accredited by the Commission on Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools to award master's degrees.
Organizations
Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT)
Carl A. Spaatz Center for Officer Education
Air War College (AWC)
Air Command and Staff College (ACSC)
Squadron Officer School (SOS)
International Officers School (IOS)
School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (SAASS)
USAF Center for Strategic Deterrence Studies
Curtis E. Lemay Center for Doctrine Development & Education
Ira C. Eaker College for Professional Development
Air Force Chaplain Corps College
Air Force Personnel Professional Development School
Commanders' Professional Development School
Defense Financial Management & Comptroller School
National Security Space Institute
Civilian Leadership Development School
Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen Development
Air Force Officer Training School (OTS)
Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC)
Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFJROTC)
Civil Air Patrol (CAP)
Civilian Acculturation and Leadership Training (CALT)
Thomas N. Barnes Center for Enlisted Education
Airman Leadership School (ALS)
Air Force Career Development Academy
Air Force Enlisted Heritage Research Institute (AFEHRI)
Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy (SNCOA)
Air Force Noncommissioned Officer Academy (NCOA)
Enlisted Professional Military Education Instructor Course (EPMEIC)
Chief Master Sergeant Leadership Course (CLC)
Community College of the Air Force (CCAF)
USAF First Sergeant Academy (FSA)
USAF Center for Counterproliferation Studies
Air University Press
Air Force Fellows Program (AFF)
Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA)
China Aerospace Studies Institute (CASI)
Schools and centers
The institutions that fall under the Air University include:
Officer professional military education
The Carl A. Spaatz Center for Officer Education (Spaatz Center) unified the continuum of Air Force officer professional military education. Activated in 2008, the Spaatz Center was named in honor of the Air Force's first chief of staff, General Carl A. Spaatz. The center was disestablished in 2017.
Squadron Officer School
The Squadron Officer School in-residence program is a 6.5-week course for USAF captains. The course is structured around four primary areas: Leadership, building highly-effective teams, logical and ethical reasoning in decision making, and multi-domain joint warfare.
Air Command and Staff College
The Air Command and Staff College (ACSC) is a 10-month master's-level resident program that prepares field grade USAF, U.S. Army and USMC officers in pay grade O-4 and USN / USCG officers in pay grade O-4, their international counterparts, and U.S. civilian equivalents, for positions of higher responsibility within the military and other government agencies. Often referred to as "intermediate level education" (ILE), intermediate level professional military education (intermediate level PME) or phase I joint PME, ACSC is also available via "distance learning", primarily a CD-ROM enabled correspondence course.
Air War College
The Air War College (AWC) is a 10-month resident course for USAF, U.S. Army and USMC lieutenant colonels and colonels (pay grades O-5 and O-6), USN and USCG commanders and captains (pay grade O-5 and O-6), their international counterparts, and Department of Defense and Department of the Air Force civilian equivalents (GS-14/GM-14, GS-15/GM-15). AWC prepares students to lead in a joint, interagency and multi-national environment at the strategic level of military operations. Also known as "senior developmental education" (SDE), senior level PME, or (since 2010) phase II JPME, AWC is also available at the Pentagon and selected active USAF installations as a 10-month seminar program paralleling the academic year and course content of the resident course. It is also available via "distance learning" as a correspondence course typically requiring 18 to 24 months to complete.
The Secretary of the Air Force's annual National Security Forum (NSF) conducted for select influential civilian leaders in business, industry, state and local government, law, academia, media, and the clergy is administered and hosted by the AWC.
International Officer School
The International Officer School is a seven-week course designed to provide international officers an enhanced understanding of the United States and prepares them for attending Squadron Officer School, Air Command and Staff College, or the Air War College.
Enlisted professional military education
The Thomas N. Barnes Center for Enlisted Education (Barnes Center, formerly the College for Enlisted Professional Military Education) is responsible for the instructional programs and faculty development for all Air Force enlisted professional military education programs. This includes the airman leadership schools, noncommissioned officer academies, and the Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy.
Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy
The Air Force Senior Noncommissioned Officer Academy graduates more than 1,800 Air Force chief master sergeant selectees, senior master sergeants, senior master sergeant selectees, and non-commissioned officers and chief petty officers from other U.S. military services and the services of international U.S.-allied nations annually. It is located on Maxwell AFB's Gunter Annex.
NCO academies
The NCO academies provide selected noncommissioned officers education. Several NCO academies operate worldwide on various Air Force installations.
Airman Leadership School
The goal of the program is to provide senior airmen an opportunity to understand more fully their position in the USAF organizational structure and the continued need for professional development to be effective NCOs.
First Sergeant Academy
Enlisted Heritage Research Institute
The Enlisted Heritage Research Institute is dedicated to preserving the history of the enlisted corps of the U.S. Air Force and U.S. Army Aeronautical Division, Air Service, Air Corps, and Air Forces in the development of air power to defend the United States. The institute achieves this by featuring artifacts, collections, and pictorial exhibits, written and oral documentation, audiovisuals, equipment, and selected aircraft parts. Additionally, students use the in-house and online research capabilities to enhance learning and complete enlisted heritage research projects.
Officer accessions
The Jeanne M. Holm Center for Officer Accessions and Citizen Development (Holm Center), previously known as Air Force Officer Accession and Training Schools (AFOATS), operates two of the four USAF officer commissioning sources. These are the Air Force Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFROTC) at civilian colleges and universities across the United States, and the Air Force Officer Training School (OTS) at Maxwell AFB.
Although they are USAF officer accession and training programs, the United States Air Force Academy (USAFA) and the Air National Guard's Academy of Military Science (AMS) do not fall under the Air University. The U.S. Air Force Academy is a Direct Reporting Unit (DRU), and the superintendent of the USAF Academy reports directly to the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Admission to and administration of the ANG Academy of Military Science, although collocated with OTS at Maxwell AFB, is controlled by the director of the Air National Guard via the National Guard Bureau (NGB).
Citizenship Development, Aerospace Education, and associated programs
Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps
The Air Force Junior Reserve Officer Training Corps (AFJROTC) program provides citizenship training and air and space science education via a cadet program for high school students in grades 9 through 12 at various high schools across the United States and at select Department of Defense Dependent Schools (DoDDS) at US military installations overseas. Instruction is conducted by retired field grade USAF officers employed by the respective school systems, assisted by retired USAF senior non-commissioned officers under similar employment.
AFJROTC is a "citizenship program" for high school students and should not be confused with AFROTC, which is a "pre-commissioning program" for four-year college and university students to become Air Force officers.
Academic education
The Air Force Institute of Technology (AFIT) is a geographically separated unit (GSU) of Air University, located at Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
The Community College of the Air Force (CCAF) is the only degree-granting institution of higher learning in the world dedicated exclusively to enlisted military personnel. CCAF offers educational opportunities for active duty, Air National Guard and Air Force Reserve airmen and NCOs to earn a job-related Associate of Applied Science degree. CCAF also facilitates selected professional certification and recognition for airmen. Possession of a CCAF degree has in recent years become a de facto mandatory requirement for promotion to senior master sergeant and higher, regardless of whether or not the candidate has a civilian degree such as a baccalaureate. This de facto status is now official: starting with the 2007 promotion cycle, promotion candidates cannot receive critical endorsements on performance reports without having first received an associate degree from CCAF.
Professional continuing education
The Curtis E. LeMay Center for Doctrine Development and Education (LeMay Center), previously known as the Air Force Doctrine Development and Education Center, develops and publishes Air Force doctrine, teaches doctrine through resident and on-line courses, and advocates air power through visionary war gaming, and provides integration and outreach services for Air University.
The Ira C. Eaker College for Professional Development provides continuing education and technical training to Air Force and other Department of Defense personnel and international officers, including resident and distance-learning courses for a variety of Air Force specialties.
United States Air Force Center for Strategic Deterrence Studies
The USAF Counterproliferation Center (CPC) was established in 1998 at the direction of the Chief of Staff of the Air Force. Located at Maxwell AFB, this center capitalizes on the resident expertise of Air University, while extending its reach far beyond - and influences a wide audience of leaders and policy makers. A memorandum of agreement between the Air Staff's Director for Nuclear and Counterproliferation (then AF/XON) and Air War College commandant established the initial personnel and responsibilities of the center. This included integrating counterproliferation awareness into the curriculum and ongoing research at the Air University; establishing an information repository to promote research on counterproliferation and nonproliferation issues; and directing research on the various topics associated with counterproliferation and nonproliferation .
In 2008, the Secretary of Defense's Task Force on Nuclear Weapons Management recommended "Air Force personnel connected to the nuclear mission be required to take a professional military education (PME) course on national, defense, and Air Force concepts for deterrence and defense." This led to the addition of three teaching positions to the CPC in 2011 to enhance nuclear PME efforts. At the same time, the Air Force Nuclear Weapons Center, in coordination with the AF/A10 and Air Force Global Strike Command, established a series of courses at Kirtland AFB to provide professional continuing education (PCE) through the careers of those Air Force personnel working in or supporting the nuclear enterprise. This mission was transferred to the CPC in 2012, broadening its mandate to providing education and research on not just countering WMD but also nuclear operations issues. In April 2016, the nuclear PCE courses were transferred from the Air War College to the U.S. Air Force Institute for Technology.
In February 2014, the center's name was changed to the Center for Unconventional Weapons Studies (CUWS) to reflect its broad coverage of unconventional weapons issues, both offensive and defensive, across the six joint operating concepts (deterrence operations, cooperative security, major combat operations, irregular warfare, stability operations, and homeland security). The term "unconventional weapons", currently defined as nuclear, biological, and chemical weapons, also includes the improvised use of chemical, biological, and radiological hazards. In May 2018, the name changed again to the Center for Strategic Deterrence Studies (CSDS) in recognition of senior Air Force interest in focusing on this national security topic.
The center's military insignia displays the symbols of nuclear, biological, and chemical hazards. The arrows above the hazards represent the four aspects of counterproliferation - counterforce, active defense, passive defense, and consequence management. The Latin inscription "Armis Bella Venenis Geri" means "weapons of war involving poisons".
Advanced Professional Military Education
The School of Advanced Air and Space Studies is the "Air Force graduate school for airpower and space power strategists". The school began as the School of Advanced Airpower Studies. It began operation on July 22, 1991, at Maxwell Air Force Base, Alabama. The first class of 25 students was all-male, although later classes included women. Most of the first class came from the U.S. Air Force's Air Command and Staff College. The first director of the school, Colonel William F. Fortner, stated that the school's goal was to "create the soldier-scholars for conflicts of the future". Fortner likened the school to the U.S. Army's School of Advanced Military Studies, but stated that the new school's curriculum would go "much deeper into the study of air-power history, doctrine and strategy". The curriculum, planned for a duration of 11 months, was taught by a faculty of nine civilian and military Ph.D. instructors. The curriculum in the first years comprised two parts, focusing on "the past and present of warfare". Students read about 150 pages per night, and wrote and defended a research paper.
Associated Agencies
Air Force Historical Research Agency
The Air Force Historical Research Agency is the repository for United States Air Force historical documents.
The agency's collection, begun during World War II in Washington, DC, moved in 1949 to Maxwell Air Force Base, the site of the present-day Air University, to provide research facilities for professional military education students, the faculty, visiting scholars, and the general public. The Air Force Historical Research Agency is now a forward operating agency (FOA) assigned directly to the Air Force History and Museums Program, and a tenant unit at Maxwell AFB.
History
Lineage
Authorized as the Air Service School by the War Department on 25 February 1920, and established that same year, exact date unknown
Redesignated: Air Service Field Officers' School on 10 February 1921
Redesignated: Air Service Tactical School on 8 November 1922
Redesignated: Air Corps Tactical School on 18 August 1926
Discontinued on 9 October 1942
Established as: Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics, 16 Oct 1942
History and insignia of Air Corps Tactical School bestowed upon activation.
Redesignated as: Army Air Forces School on 1 June 1945
Established as Major Command: 29 November 1945
Redesignated as: Air University on 12 March 1946
Reassigned to Air Training Command on 15 May 1978, losing major command status
Returned to major command status effective 1 July 1983
Changed from a major command of the United States Air Force to a subordinate organization of Air Education and Training Command on 1 July 1993.
Stations
Langley Field, Virginia, 25 Feb 1920 - 14 Jul 1931
Maxwell Field, Alabama, 15 Jul 1931 – 9 Oct 1942
Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, 16 Oct 1942 - 29 Nov 1945
Maxwell Field (later Maxwell AFB), Alabama, 29 Nov 1945 – Present
Components
During the years 1943–1945, the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics (AAFSAT) at Orlando Army Air Base, Florida operated a massive air-to-air and air-to-ground combat simulation facility across Central Florida. Units and various main operating bases and auxiliary airfields were established throughout an area of central Florida designated as a mock "war theater" and stretching roughly from Tampa through Orlando, east to Titusville, north to Starke, and northwest to Apalachicola in which air war games were conducted. Following the end of World War II, the simulation facility ceased operation and most of the operating air bases and auxiliary airfields were either placed in military caretaker status or returned to local civilian control. On 1 Jun 1945, the AAFSAT was redesignated as the Army Air Forces School (AAFS). On 29 Nov 1945, the AAFS relocated from Orlando AAB, Florida to Maxwell Field, Alabama.
Operations
The Wright Brothers established the first U.S. civilian flying school in Montgomery, Alabama in 1910. By the 1920s, Montgomery became an important link in the growing system of aerial mail service. It was in the early 1930s when the Army Air Corps Tactical School moved to Maxwell Field and Montgomery became the country's intellectual center for airpower education.
Air University (AU), established in 1946, continues the proud tradition of educating tomorrow's planners and leaders in air and space power for both the U.S. Air Force as well as other branches of the U.S. Armed Forces, federal government civilians and many international organizations. Today, AU has a reach worldwide affecting the careers of every member of the United States Air Force.
Origins
As a result of the U.S. Army Reorganization Act of 1920, the Air Service authorized the establishment of an Air Service School on 10 February 1921 at Langley Field, Virginia. To reflect its primary mission of preparing senior officers for higher Air Service duty, the Air Service redesignated the Air Service School as the Air Service Field Officers' School.
Following the decision to let all Air Service officers attend the institution in 1922, the Air Service redesignated the Air Service Field Officers' School as the Air Service Tactical School. In conjunction with the 1926 redesignation of the Army Air Service as the Army Air Corps, the Air Service Tactical School became the Air Corps Tactical School. To take advantage of the propitious climate and facilities expansion potential, the Army Air Corps began moving the Air Corps Tactical School from Langley Field in Virginia in 1931 to Maxwell Field, Alabama.
World War II
Because of the wartime need for officers of the caliber of those attending the Maxwell institution, in May 1941 the Army Air Corps suspended instruction at the tactical school and reduced its faculty and staff to seven officers. Anticipating the institution's eventual reopening, the Army Air Corps moved the skeletonized Air Corps Tactical School to Washington, DC, and placed it under the Directorate of Individual Training. In spite of the institution's successful efforts in developing Air Corps planners and leaders, the Air Corps discontinued the Air Corps Tactical School on 9 October 1942 with the intention of reopening it after the war.
To partially fill the educational void left by the discontinuance of the Tactical School and to correct the growing shortage of experienced Air Corps, later renamed Army Air Forces, officers, the Army Air Forces authorized the establishment of the Army Air Forces School of Applied Tactics on 9 Oct 42. The Army Air Forces activated the AAF School of Applied Tactics at Orlando Army Air Base, Florida, with the mission to train "selected officers" under simulated combat conditions. Based on lessons learned in the combat theaters and the school's actual operational experiences, the AAF established the AAF Tactical Center with the AAF School of Applied Tactics as a subordinate unit. Due to a major reorganization of the Tactical Center and a change in the types of courses conducted by the institution, the Army Air Forces redesignated the AAF School of Applied Tactics as the Army Air Forces School on 1 Jun 45.
Postwar era
In preparation for its post-war educational operations, the Army Air Forces transferred the Army Air Forces School from Orlando AAB to Maxwell Field, Alabama, on 29 November 1945 and assigned it directly to Headquarters, U.S. Army Air Forces (HQ AAF) as a major command.
In the first conclave of its kind since the end of World War II, the AAF Educational Conference ended after a three-day meeting on 20 Feb 1945 to discuss the post-war AAF educational structure. The Army Air Forces began the first instructor training course in March 1946 for preparing instructors to teach at the post-war AAF educational institutions.
HQ AAF redesignated the Army Air Forces School as Air University (AU) on 12 March 1946 and established the Air War College, Air Command and Staff School, and Air Tactical School as its subordinate units. The AU commander organized the Air University Board of Visitors, composed of senior educators and university administrators, to meet regularly and advise him on educational matters.
Air University became operational on 1 April 1946 when HQ AAF transferred the School of Aviation Medicine at Randolph Field, Texas, from Air Training Command to Air University. To take advantage of existing facilities, Air University transferred the Air Tactical School from Maxwell Field to Tyndall Field, Florida on 21 May 1946. Major General Orvil A. Anderson was appointed the first commandant of the Air War College, the senior school in the three-tiered AAF officer professional military education (PME) system.
Assuming responsibilities comparable to those of the Army and Navy advisers on the HQ AU staff, the Royal Air Force Liaison Officer also became a part of the HQ AU staff on 1 June 1946. When members of the Air University Board of Visitors concluded their first meeting with such dignitaries as General Carl Spaatz, Commanding General of the Army Air Forces; Air Marshall Hugh Pughe Lloyd of the Royal Air Force; and the class members of the Air War College and the Air Command and Staff School participating, the Air University was officially dedicated during a ceremony at Maxwell Field.
Classes began at the Air War College and the Air Command and Staff School on 4 September 1946, fulfilling the "dream for education in airpower" of most post-war AAF leaders and planners. The Air Tactical School, the junior officer PME program of the AU educational system, began classes at Tyndall in January 1947. Later that year, the Royal Canadian Air Force sent its first group of students to the two-week indoctrination course at Maxwell. With Secretary of War Robert P. Patterson as the guest speaker, the Air War College and the Air Command and Staff School conducted a combined graduation ceremony for 185 senior and field grade officers.
As a result of the National Security Act of 1947, the United States Air Force became a separate and independent branch of the U.S. military on 18 September 1947. In keeping with the Air Force's new status, Headquarters, U.S. Air Force (HQ USAF) redesignated Maxwell Field as Maxwell Air Force Base on 13 January 1948.
On 12 July 1949, HQ USAF established the Air University Human Resources Research Institute. It was one of three USAF field agencies created to conduct research on the human factor in Air Force planning and operations. Air University established the 3894th AU School Squadron to provide administrative support to Air Force instructors and students at the various service schools operated by the Army, Navy, and Marine Corps.
The USAF Historical Division relocated to Maxwell AFB from Washington, DC in September 1949 and became a part of the Air University Library. The combined activity is now known as the Air Force Historical Research Agency (AFHRA).
Academic degrees and accreditation
The Air University is accredited by the Commission of Colleges of the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools (SACS), and is authorized to grant the following degrees:
Master of Strategic Studies – offered by the Air War College
Master of Military Operational Art and Science – offered by the Air Command and Staff College (ACSC)
Master of Aerospace Studies – offered by the School of Advanced Air and Space Studies (SAASS)
Master of Science in Flight Test Engineering – offered by the U.S. Air Force Test Pilot School (USAFTPS)
Associate in Applied Science – offered for USAF enlisted personnel by the Community College of the Air Force (CCAF) with majors in 68 areas
In 2010, SACS upgraded AU's accreditation to Level V, a move that will eventually enable AU to eventually award three different doctoral degrees.
Air University was also awarded the Space Foundation's inaugural Space Achievement Award in 1995. This award recognizes individuals or organizations for space achievement, breakthrough space technology or program or product success representing critical milestones in the evolution of space exploration and development.
List of commanders
1: Lt. Gen. Muir S. Fairchild, January 1947 - May 1948
2: Lt. Gen. George C. Kenney, October 15, 1948 - August 31, 1951
Lieutenant General Troup Miller Jr., August 1, 1961 - December 1963
Lieutenant General Ralph Powell Swofford Jr., January 1964 - August 1965
Lieutenant General Alvan C. Gillem II, August 1, 1970 - November 1973
14: Lt. Gen. Raymond B. Furlong, August 1975 - July 1, 1979
15: Lt. Gen. Stanley M. Umstead Jr., July 1, 1979 - July 1981
16: Lt. Gen. Charles G. Cleveland, July 1981 - August 1984
17: Lt. Gen. Thomas C. Richards, August 1984 - November 1986
18: Lt. Gen. Truman Spangrud, November 1986 - July 1988
19: Lt. Gen. Ralph E. Havens, July 1988 - October 1989
Vacant, October 1989 - January 1990
20: Lt. Gen. Charles G. Boyd, January 1990 - October 1992
21: Lt. Gen. Jay W. Kelley, October 1992 - October 1996
24: Lt. Gen. Joseph J. Redden, October 1996 - July 1999
See also
Army University
Marine Corps University
References
External links
Official website
Military education and training in the United States
Military in Alabama
Educational institutions established in 1946
Universities and colleges accredited by the Southern Association of Colleges and Schools
Universities and colleges in Montgomery, Alabama
1946 establishments in Alabama
Education government agencies of the United States
Department of Defense Education Activity
Public university systems in the United States
Military education and training |
4015708 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Goodman | Frank Goodman | Frank Goodman (5 May 1916 in New York City – 3 February 2006 in Manhattan) was an American Broadway theatre publicist.
Career
Goodman began in theatre during the Great Depression, when he worked for the Federal Theater Project under the Works Projects Administration. From 1939, when he started his career, to 1961, Mr. Goodman represented more than 50 Broadway productions, including eight shows in 1960 alone. He also handled stars as varied as Jerome Robbins to Audrey Hepburn, and playwrights William Inge and Clifford Odets.
In his early days as a publicist, he worked with John Houseman and Orson Welles at the Mercury Theatre. He worked with Ethel Merman on Gypsy and Mary Martin on The Sound of Music. Goodman claimed the producer David Merrick once fired him from three shows at once for taking a rival's account.
He died of congestive heart failure in Manhattan. He was 89 years old.
External links
McKinley, Jesse (February 9, 2006). Frank Goodman, 89, Handler of Press and Broadway Stars, Dies The New York Times
1916 births
2006 deaths
American public relations people |
4015712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haddonfield%20Public%20Schools | Haddonfield Public Schools | The Haddonfield Public Schools is a comprehensive community public school district serving students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade in Haddonfield, in Camden County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2020-21 school year, the district, comprising five schools, had an enrollment of 2,654 students and 220 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "J", the highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
The district serves students from the Borough of Haddonfield, along with those from Pine Valley and Tavistock who attend the district's schools as part of sending/receiving relationships. The schools are funded through local property taxes. While most students are residents, a small number of students are enrolled on a tuition or voucher basis.
Each elementary school has approximately three sections in each grade. Facilities were modernized several years ago. Most students walk to school.
The middle school serves grades 6-8. Several world language courses are offered in German, French and Spanish, while some students take supplemental reading classes. Over 20 co- and extra-curricular programs including our GSA, Diplomats for Diversity, or Technology Club are offered.
Awards, recognition and rankings
In 2015, Elizabeth Haddon School was one of 15 schools in New Jersey, and one of nine public schools, recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School in the exemplary high performing category by the United States Department of Education.
During the 2004-05 school year, Haddonfield Memorial High School was awarded the National Blue Ribbon School Award of Excellence by the United States Department of Education, the highest award an American school can receive.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Elementary schools
Central Elementary School with 419 students in grades K-5
Shannon Simkus, Principal
Elizabeth Haddon Elementary School with 367 students in grades K-5
Gerry Bissinger, Principal
J. Fithian Tatem Elementary School with 422 students in grades PreK-5
Kimberly Dewrell, Principal
Middle school
Haddonfield Middle School with 659 students in grades 6-8
Tracy Matozzo, Principal
Karen Russo, Vice Principal
High school
Haddonfield Memorial High School with 869 students in grades 9-12
Tammy McHale, Principal
Hamisi Tarrant, Dean of Students
Dan Licata, Assistant Principal
Administration
Superintendent, Chuck Klaus
Business Administrator, Michael Catalano
Chief Academic Officer, Dr. Colleen Murray
Assistant Superintendent, Dr. Gino Priolo
Director of Special Education, Carmen Henderson
Board of education
The district's board of education, with nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. In addition to their work on the board as a whole, each board member chairs a three-member committee which meets throughout the year to discuss specific issues. Major board committees include finance, student life, buildings and grounds, and communications.
Operations
In 1948, during de jure educational segregation in the United States, children of all races attended the same school, but white and black children were put in separate classes for grades 1-4.
References
External links
Haddonfield Public Schools
School Data for the Haddonfield Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Haddonfield, New Jersey
Pine Valley, New Jersey
Tavistock, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group J
School districts in Camden County, New Jersey |
4015719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trades%20Union%20Certification%20Officer | Trades Union Certification Officer | The Trades Union Certification Officer was established in the United Kingdom by Act of Parliament in 1975. They head the Certification Office for Trade Unions and Employers' Associations.
Responsibilities
The Certification Officer is responsible for:
maintaining a list of trade unions and employers' associations
receiving and scrutinising annual returns from trade unions and employers' associations
determining complaints concerning trade union elections, certain other ballots and breaches of trade union rules
ensuring observance of statutory requirements governing mergers between trade unions and between employers' associations
overseeing the political funds and the finances of trade unions and employers' associations
certifying the independence of trade unions
Certification Officer
David Cockburn was appointed on 1 August 2001 and re-appointed in 2004, 2007, 2010 and 2012. Mr Cockburn retired on 30 June 2016. He has chaired the Industrial Law Society (ILS), the Employment Lawyers Association (ELA), and the Employment Law Committee of the Law Society. He was also the founder treasurer of the Institute of Employment Rights. He is currently a vice-president of the ILS and the ELA and a member of the editorial board of the Encyclopaedia of Employment Law and the Industrial Law Journal. He is also a part-time chairman of Employment Tribunals and a Visiting Professor at the Middlesex University Business School.
Gerard Walker was appointed as the Certification Officer by the Secretary of State for Business, Innovation and Skills on 29 June 2016. The appointment was on an interim basis for the period 1 July 2016 to 30 November 2016. The appointment was extended on 24 November 2016 and was extended until December 2017. Walker was responsible for a ruling that foster carers could not form a union, which was then reversed by the Court of Appeal in National Union of Professional Foster Carers v Certification Officer [2021] EWCA Civ 548 as a violation of fundamental human rights and the Act of Parliament.
Sarah Bedwell was appointed as Certification Officer in December 2017.
Recognition
In order to be recognised by the Officer, a union must first apply to be listed – a simple paper process, costing £150. To be recognised as an independent union, with all the attendant legal benefits that follow, a union must undergo a more rigorous inspection to confirm its independence from employers. This currently costs £4,066.
References
External links
Official website
Catalogue of the Certification Office archives, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
Labour relations in the United Kingdom
1975 establishments in the United Kingdom |
4015722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Bailiff | High Bailiff | The High Bailiff () is a legal position held within the Isle of Man. The High Bailiff is the head stipendiary magistrate.
The current High Bailiff is Her Worship Jayne Hughes, who took office on 11 March 2019.
The High Bailiff and their deputy are appointed by the Lieutenant Governor. The High Bailiff and Deputy High Bailiff are ex officio judicial officers of the High Court of Justice of the Isle of Man and coroners of inquests.
Originally there was a High Bailiff of each of the four towns of the island: Castletown, Ramsey, Peel and Douglas. In 1911 the offices of High Bailiff of Castletown and Douglas, and the offices of High Bailiff of Peel and Ramsey, were merged. Those offices were merged in turn in 1933 to form a single office of High Bailiff of the Isle of Man.
Deputy High Bailiffs
Unknown, 1933–1977
Weldon Williams, 1977–1988
Andrew Williamson, 1988–1995
Michael Moyle, 1995–2002
Alastair Montgomerie, 2002–2011
Jayne Hughes, 2011
Christopher Arrowsmith, 2019
See also
Bailiff
Bailiff (Channel Islands)
Manx Judiciary
References
Manx law
Government occupations
Region-specific legal occupations
Judiciary of the Isle of Man |
4015724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Ritchin | Fred Ritchin | Fred Ritchin is dean emeritus of the International Center of Photography (ICP) School. Ritchin was also the founding director of the Documentary Photography and Photojournalism Program at the School of ICP and was appointed dean in 2014. Prior to joining ICP, Ritchin was professor of photography and imaging at New York University's Tisch School of the Arts, and co-director of the NYU/Magnum Foundation Photography and Human Rights educational program. He has worked as the picture editor of The New York Times Magazine (1978–1982) and of Horizon magazine, executive editor of Camera Arts magazine (1982–1983), Ritchin has written and lectured internationally about the challenges and possibilities implicit in the digital revolution.
Life and work
In 1994 and 1995, he conducted a research project for The New York Times on how to transform the print newspaper into a multimedia publication. Ritchin co-founded PixelPress in 1999, serving as director of an organization that has created multimedia documentary and photojournalism projects online, and collaborated with humanitarian organizations such as UNICEF, WHO, UNFPA, Crimes of War, and the Rwanda Project.
Ritchin is a prolific author and curator, focusing on digital media and the rapid changes occurring in photography. He wrote the first book on the impact of digital imaging on photography, In Our Own Image: The Coming Revolution in Photography (Aperture, 1990, 1999, 2010), which was followed by two more books on the future of imaging in the digital era, After Photography (W. W. Norton, 2008), and Bending the Frame: Photojournalism, Documentary, and the Citizen (Aperture, 2013). Ritchin has contributed articles and essays to numerous books and publications such as Aperture, Camera Arts, Mother Jones, The New York Times, Time LightBox, and the Village Voice. His curatorial projects include Contemporary Latin American Photographers at the Burden Gallery, What Matters Now: Proposals for a New Front Page at Aperture Gallery, An Uncertain Grace: The Photographs of Sebastião Salgado at the San Francisco Museum of Modern Art, and Bodies in Question at the New York Photo Festival.
Ritchin is also the founding director of PixelPress, an organization that has published multimedia projects experimenting with virtual and non-linear photojournalistic and documentary work. PixelPress has collaborated with many humanitarian organizations on issues such as a global attempt to end polio, progress towards achieving the Millennium Development Goals, the promulgation and explanation of the crimes of war, and the photographic vision of children in a Rwandan orphanage. PixelPress also featured an online publication combining documentary and new media strategies, including a collaboration with photographer Gilles Peress for The New York Times first multimedia piece, entitled Bosnia: Uncertain Paths to Peace, which was nominated for a Pulitzer Prize in public service in 1997.
Publications
Publications by Ritchin
An Uncertain Grace: The Photographs of Sebastião Salgado (Aperture, 1990).
In Our Own Image: The Coming Revolution in Photography (Aperture, 1990; reissued 1999).
Co-author of An Uncertain Grace: The Photographs of Sebastiao Salgado (Aperture, 1990)
Mexico Through Foreign Eyes, 1850-1990 (W. W. Norton, 1993).
After Photography (W W Norton, 2008)
Bending The Frame: Photojournalism, Documentary, and the Citizen (Aperture, 2013).
Publications with contributions by Ritchin
In Our Time: The World as Seen by Magnum Photographers. New York; London: W W Norton, 1989. . With essays by William Manchester ("Images: a Wide Angle"), Jean Lacouture ("The Founders") and Ritchin ("What is Magnum?"), and "Biographical Notes and Selected Bibliographies" and "Bibliography and Chronology of Magnum" by Stuart Alexander.
The Critical Image (1990).
Photo Video: Photography in the Age of the Computer (1991)
A New History of Photography (1994)
National Geographic Photos: Milestones (1999)
Sahel: Man in Distress (2004)
Under Fire: Great Photographers and Writers on the Vietnam War (2005)
Felice Beato: Photographer of the Eastern Road (2010)
The Uncanny Familiar: Images of Terror (C/O Berlin, 2011)
Exhibits curated
Contemporary Latin American Photographers (1987)
An Uncertain Grace: The Photographs of Sebastiao Salgado (1990)
The Legacy of W. Eugene Smith: Twelve Photographers in the Humanistic Tradition (1991)
Mexico Through Foreign Eyes: Photographs, 1850-1990 (1992)
Chasing the Dream (United Nations, 2005)
Bodies in Question (New York Photo Festival; NYU Tisch School of the Arts, 2010)
What Matters Now? Proposals for a New Front Page (Aperture Foundation, 2011)
Revolution: Photographs from Libya (NYU Gulf and Western Gallery, 2011)
Awards
Markle Foundation grant (1993–1994)
Presidential Fellowship for Junior Faculty (1994)
David Payne-Carter Award for Teaching Excellence (1995)
Nominated for the Pulitzer Prize in Public Service by The New York Times for the Web site, "Bosnia: Uncertain Paths to Peace" (1997).
Hasselblad Foundation Grant (1999) for future web project "Witnessing and the Web: An Experiment in Documentary Photography”
References
External links
After Photography blog
"Where is the Front Page in Cyberspace?". The New York Times Lens blog, 2011.
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
New York University faculty
American non-fiction writers
American magazine founders
Yale University alumni
The New York Times editors |
4015733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost%20Dutchman%20Mine%20%28video%20game%29 | Lost Dutchman Mine (video game) | Lost Dutchman Mine is a non-linear adventure video game which puts the player in the role of a gold miner, circa 1860 A.D. The game was the biggest success for its publisher, Magnetic Images.
The player was free to roam around the desert and town at will, constrained only by the need to make sure he had enough food to eat and a safe place to sleep. Earning money could be accomplished in a variety of ways, including panning for gold in a river, mining for gold in a cave or capturing a wanted bandit. Food could be purchased or caught from a river if the player had previously acquired fishing gear.
The game became well known for its breezy, free-flowing nature. The game was also notable for not having a single environment for the player to operate in; the location of mines and rivers, and the details of characters a player could meet were different, each time the game was played.
Reception
Abandonware website Abandonias Ted Striker reviewed Lost Dutchman Mine with: "There are different modes that the game will put you in, which are equally basic and so fun (something basic is something fun). The game runs on real-time and you need to do what you would need to do in a real expedition: get well equipped, be sure to check your supplies often and don't panic once you encounter danger. After all, isn't it, this very feature, that makes a game addictive in the first place ?"
See also
Lost Dutchman's Gold Mine (American historical site)
Al Emmo and the Lost Dutchman's Mine (2006 game)
References
External links
Lost Dutchman Mine at Hall Of Light
Lost Dutchman Mine at Atari Legend
1989 video games
Adventure games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
DOS games
Video games developed in the United States
Video games set in the United States
Western (genre) video games |
4015735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20Tadatomo | Honda Tadatomo | a retainer of the Japanese clan of Tokugawa following the Azuchi–Momoyama period of the 16th century to the Edo period of the 17th century of Japan. Tadatomo was the younger son of the famous Honda Tadakatsu, one of Four Guardians of the Tokugawa.
Tadatomo received a 100,000-koku fief at Ōtaki in Kazusa Province following the year 1600. In the year 1609 Tadatomo received Don Rodrigo, who was the Spanish Governor of Manila.
During the winter campaign of Siege of Osaka, Tadatomo fought well and made a lot of contributions. However, he was defeated in a battle because of getting drunk. He was scolded by Tokugawa Ieyasu after the defeat for this mistake. This incident however changed the fate of Tadatomo. In the next year, 1615, Tadatomo fought very valiantly during the Battle of Tennōji, one of the final battles of the summer campaign of Siege of Osaka, to regain his honor by clearing his shame during the winter campaign. He led an attack that led to the death of Mōri Katsunaga. Tadatomo himself did not survive the battle. He died at the age of 34.
Before his death, Tadatomo was said to be regret making critical mistakes caused by his drinking habit. His final words include "I shall help those who drink"（） and "What I should have done was to quit drinking. Those who visit my tomb, must obtain the hate of alcohol, and quit drinking."（）Since his death, Tadatomo is known as the "God of alcohol quitting" among the public. In Japan, a lot of people who wish to quit drinking, or those who wish their family will quit drinking, visits Tadatomo's tomb and pray.
Tadatomo's tomb is inside Isshin-ji, a Pure Land Buddhist temple located very close to the camp of the Tokugawa army during the Siege of Osaka.
References
1582 births
1615 deaths
Honda clan
Samurai
Japanese warriors killed in battle |
4015744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hiam%20Abbass | Hiam Abbass | Hiam Abbass (, ; born 30 November 1960), also Hiyam Abbas, is a Palestinian actress and film director.
Personal life
Hiam Abbass was born in Nazareth, Israel, to a Muslim Arab family. She was raised in the village of Deir Hanna. Since the late 1980s, she has lived in Paris and holds French citizenship.
During the filming of the Steven Spielberg film Munich (2005), Abbass lived in a hotel with the Palestinian Arab and Israeli actors for three months. During that time, they had many discussions that "helped both sides grow closer." In an interview in 2006, Abbass said, "I still remember how difficult it was for the Arab actors to manhandle the Israeli actors in the first scene where the Israeli national team is taken hostage."
Film career
Abbass is known for her roles in Red Satin (2002), Haifa (1996), Paradise Now (2005), The Syrian Bride (2004), Free Zone (2005), Dawn of the World (2008), The Visitor (2008), Lemon Tree (2008), Every Day is a Holiday (2009) and Amreeka (2009). In Spielberg's film, depicting the response to the Munich Massacre, she also served as a dialect and acting consultant.
She directed two short films, Le Pain (2001), and La Danse éternelle (2004). She portrays humanitarian Hind al-Husseini in Julian Schnabel's film Miral (2010), based on the life of Husseini and her orphanage.
In 2002, she appeared in Satin Rouge by Raja Amari, a film about the self-discovery of a middle aged Tunisian widow. She also a similar role in The Syrian Bride, about a Druze woman eager to break down barriers.
Abbass appeared in the French films Le sac de farine and Le temps de la balle.
In 2008, she played the mother of an illegal Syrian immigrant in Tom McCarthy's movie The Visitor, and the mother of an Iraqi soldier in Abbas Fahdel's film Dawn of the World.
Also in 2008, she played the principal role in Israeli director Eran Riklis's film Lemon Tree (Etz Limon in Hebrew). For this role, she won Best Performance by an Actress at the 2008 Asia Pacific Screen Awards. In Jim Jarmusch's 2009 film The Limits of Control, in the role of Driver, she recites in Classical Arabic one of the film's leitmotif-phrases, "He who thinks he is bigger than the rest must go to the cemetery. There he will see what life really is."
Abbass also appears in A Bottle in the Gaza Sea (2011), a French-Québecois-Israeli film produced by Thierry Binisti. It is based upon the young adult novel Une bouteille dans la mer de Gaza by Valérie Zenatti. She plays the role of Naïm's mother.
In 2012, she was named as a member of the Jury for the Main Competition at the 2012 Cannes Film Festival. She made her directorial feature film debut with The Inheritance in 2012.
In 2017 she played Freysa, the head of the replicant freedom movement, in Blade Runner 2049.
Abbass has also acted in four TV shows: The Promise (2011), The State (2017), Succession (2018-present), and Ramy (2019-present).
Filmography
Actress
Director
See also
List of Arab citizens of Israel
List of Israeli actors
References
External links
G21 Interview: Hiam Abbass, by Brad Balfour
Photos of Hiam Abbass at Berlin Film Festival 2008
1960 births
Arab citizens of Israel
Living people
Israeli film actresses
Palestinian film actresses
People from Nazareth
Israeli television actresses
Palestinian television actresses
Asia Pacific Screen Award winners |
4015750 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuna%20casserole | Tuna casserole | Tuna casserole is a casserole primarily made with pasta (or rice) and canned tuna, with peas and corn sometimes added. The dish is often topped with potato chips, corn flakes, bread crumbs or canned fried onions. Tuna casserole is a common dish in some parts of the United States, prepared using only nonperishable pantry ingredients.
History
Casseroles became popular in American households in the 1950s mainly because the ingredients were cheap and easy to find at the supermarket. A can of tuna, a can of vegetables, a can of soup, and a package of egg noodles becomes a prepared family dinner in around half an hour. Tuna casserole can also be frozen or refrigerated and then reheated to be eaten the next day. Tuna casserole is popular to take to potlucks. In small communities, it may be taken to the home of someone who is sick or going through bereavement as a gesture of kindness.
While there are countless variations on tuna casserole, historically it is made with egg noodles, chopped onion, shredded cheddar cheese, frozen green peas, canned and drained tuna, condensed cream of mushroom or cream of celery soup, sliced mushrooms and crushed potato chips. The cooked noodles, onion, cheese, peas, tuna, soup and mushrooms are mixed in a baking dish, with the potato chips and more cheese sprinkled on top, and then baked.
Tuna mornay
Also common in most parts of Australia this casserole is also called tuna mornay and served with a Mornay sauce (Béchamel with cheese added, or cheese sauce). Peas and corn are usually added. Additionally, wheat pasta is used rather than egg noodles.
See also
Hotdish
Comfort food
Funeral potatoes
Green bean casserole
List of tuna dishes
Midwestern cuisine
Timballo
References
Tuna dishes
Casserole dishes
American seafood dishes |
4015755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josh%20Gorges | Josh Gorges | Joshua Daniel Gorges (born August 14, 1984) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey defenseman. He is of German ancestry; his grandparents immigrated from Germany to Canada. Gorges played in the National Hockey League (NHL) for the San Jose Sharks, Montreal Canadiens and Buffalo Sabres.
Playing career
As a youth, Gorges played in the 1998 Quebec International Pee-Wee Hockey Tournament with a minor ice hockey team from Kelowna.
Gorges played major junior for his hometown Kelowna Rockets of the Western Hockey League (WHL) from 2000 through 2004. After going undrafted in 2002, he signed as a free agent with the San Jose Sharks. Gorges was named Team WHL captain for the 2003 RE/MAX Canada-Russia Challenge. He was also a member of Team Canada at the 2004 World Junior Ice Hockey Championships, where he won a silver medal. In 2004, the Rockets (with Gorges as team captain) won the Memorial Cup.
During the 2004–05 NHL lockout, Gorges played for the Sharks' American Hockey League (AHL) affiliate, the Cleveland Barons. He made his debut for the Sharks during the 2005-06 season, skating in 49 games.
On February 25, 2007, Gorges and a 2007 first-round pick were traded to the Montreal Canadiens in exchange for Craig Rivet and a 2008 fifth-round pick. On July 9, 2008, the Canadiens signed Gorges to a three-year, $3.3 million contract extension.
On February 10, 2010, during a game against the Washington Capitals, Gorges was hit on the left side of the head by a slap shot from Mike Green. Gorges remained motionless on the ice for several minutes, with his head bleeding. He eventually was helped up by team doctors and helped to the bench. The Canadiens eventually won the game 6–5 in OT to end the Capitals 14-game win streak. Gorges skated in practice the next day and was quoted as saying "Unless something happens in the next 24 hours, I’ll be in the lineup against the Flyers."
Gorges was widely praised for his performances in the 2010 Stanley Cup Playoffs, with Don Cherry declaring "Josh Gorges should be captain of the Canadiens, there’s no doubt in my mind. He’s a captain’s captain. This isn’t in any way to say that Brian Gionta is bad, it’s only to say that Gorges is so good. He’s exceptional. And I think Brian would be happy to have a little pressure taken off him so he could just play the game. Look up the word ‘leader’ in the dictionary, and you’ll find Gorges’s picture."
On July 22, 2011, the Canadiens re-signed Gorges to a one-year, $2.5 million contract extension.
On January 1, 2012, Gorges signed a six-year, $23.4 million contract extension with the Canadiens.
On July 1, 2014, Gorges was traded to the Buffalo Sabres in exchange for a 2016 second-round pick. He refused to waive his no-trade clause to be traded to the Canadiens' rival, the Toronto Maple Leafs.
Upon concluding his contract with the Sabres following the 2017–18 season, Gorges remained an un-signed free agent over the summer and into the 2018–19 season. On January 14, 2019, Gorges announced his retirement from his 13 season NHL career.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
Awards
2002–03: WHL – West Second All-Star Team
2004: Memorial Cup – George Parsons Trophy (Most Sportsmanlike Player)
2003–04: WHL – West First All-Star Team
2004: Junior World Championships – Silver medal
2004–05: Cleveland Barons rookie of the year
2004–05: Cleveland Barons Rubbermaid "Player of the Year" (along with Doug Murray)
2011–12: Montreal Canadiens Jacques-Beauchamp-Molson individual team award (Unsung Hero)
References
External links
1984 births
Buffalo Sabres players
Canadian ice hockey defencemen
Canadian people of German descent
Cleveland Barons (2001–2006) players
Ice hockey people from British Columbia
Sportspeople from Kelowna
Kelowna Rockets players
Living people
Memorial Cup winners
Montreal Canadiens players
San Jose Sharks players
Undrafted National Hockey League players
Worcester Sharks players |
4015758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%22Weird%20Al%22%20Yankovic%3A%20The%20Ultimate%20Video%20Collection | "Weird Al" Yankovic: The Ultimate Video Collection | "Weird Al" Yankovic: The Ultimate Video Collection is a DVD by "Weird Al" Yankovic which features all 24 music videos Yankovic created up to the release of the DVD. Also included are bonus features including on-screen lyrics, a photo gallery, 5.1 surround sound, and three bonus video clips.
The DVD has been classified for platinum sales in The United States.
Music videos
All videos are the original, except for "Spy Hard" – the credits that originally appeared during the opening of the film were removed for copyright reasons; only the title and Al's theme music credit remain.
Bonus clips
The Weird Al Show: Includes the opening plus "Lousy Haircut", "Livin' in the Fridge", and "Lasagna" videos shown during the series run.
The Tomorrow Show: Full segment from April 21, 1981, with Al singing "Another One Rides The Bus".
"My Bologna": An Easter egg accessed by selecting The Weird Al Show on the Extras page and pressing up.
Note: None of these Bonus Clips are present in the Australian version of this DVD.
Certifications
References
External links
"Weird Al" Yankovic video albums
2003 video albums
Music video compilation albums
2003 compilation albums
Volcano Entertainment video albums
Volcano Entertainment compilation albums
"Weird Al" Yankovic compilation albums |
4015764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Tour%20de%20Langkawi | 2003 Tour de Langkawi | The 2003 Tour de Langkawi was the 8th edition of the Tour de Langkawi, a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia. It began on 31 January in Langkawi and ended on 9 February in Kuala Lumpur. In fact, this race was rated by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) as a 2.2 category race.
Tom Danielson of USA won the race, followed by Hernán Darío Muñoz of Colombia second and Fredy González of Colombia third. Graeme Brown of Australia won the points classification category and Roland Green of South Africa won the mountains classification category. won the team classification category.
Stages
The cyclists competed in 10 stages, covering a distance of 1,343.5 kilometres. Due to the extreme weather conditions(heavy downpour) experienced during the Stage 10 of the 2003 Tour de Langkawi, the stage was neutralised according to the decision of the College of Commissaires and the Race Organizer. All competitors at the stage had been awarded the winner's time. However, the classification and the top three finalist of the stage had been awarded.
Classification leadership
Final standings
General classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Asian rider classification
Team classification
Asian team classification
List of teams and riders
A total of 20 teams were invited to participate in the 2003 Tour de Langkawi. Out of the 138 riders, a total of 122 riders made it to the finish in Kuala Lumpur.
Hernán Darío Muñoz
Fredy González
Russel Van Hout
Ruber Marín
Urbelino Mesa
Mikhaylo Khalilov
José Rujano
Gabriele Missaglia
Maximilian Sciandri
Rubens Bertogliati
Daniele Righi
Marco Pinotti
Luciano Pagliarini
Marco Serpellini
Santos González
Miguel Ángel Martín Perdiguero
Rubén Lobato
Lorenzo Cardellini
Filippo Simeoni
Sergio Marinangeli
Stuart O'Grady
Christopher Jenner
Corey Sweet
Eric Leblacher
Yohann Charpenteau
Yan Tournier
Team Fakta
René Jørgensen
Jørgen Bo Petersen
Julian Winn
Lars Bak
Allan Bo Andresen
Jacob Moe Rasmussen
Bjørnar Vestøl
Marlux-Ville De Charlerois
Dave Bruylandts
Christian Poos
Raivis Belohvoščiks
Johan Dekkers
Guillaume Girout
Charles Guilbert
Sébastien Mattozza
De Nardi-Colpack
Andrus Aug
Simone Cadamuro
Michele Colleoni
Ondrej Fadrny
Andrea Rossi
Charly Wegelius
Michele Gobbi
Telekom Malaysia
Wong Kam-po
Ghader Mizbani
Thomas Evans
Tonton Susanto
Simone Mori
Nor Effendy Rosli
Tsen Seong Hoong
Paolo Lanfranchi
Graeme Brown
Brett Lancaster
Scott Davis
Sergiy Matveyev
Filippo Perfetto
Guillermo Bongiorno
Saturn
Chris Horner
Tom Danielson
Charles Dionne
Tim Johnson
Nathan O'Neill
Eric Wohlberg
Phil Zajicek
Josep Jufré
David Fernández Domingo
Nácor Burgos
Oscar Laguna Garcia
German Nieto Fernandez
Jose Manuel Maestre
José Manuel Vázquez Palomo
Formaggi Pinzolo Fiave
Biagio Conte
Moreno Di Biase
Fortunato Baliani
Domenico Gualdi
Luis Felipe Laverde
Matteo Cappe
Massimo Amichetti
Flanders-iTeamNova
Ronny Assez
Jamie Drew
Scott Guyton
Allan Iacuone
Jurgen Landrie
David McKenzie
Trent Wilson
Malaysia
Shahrulneeza Razali
Wong Ah Thiam
Mohd Mahadzir Hamad
Musairi Musa
Shahrizan Selamat
Suhardi Hassan
Mohd Sazlee Ismail
Canada
Roland Green
Seamus McGrath
Peter Wedge
Cory Lange
Alexandre Lavallée
Gordon Fraser
Bruno Langlois
Thierry De Groote
Kristof Trouve
Hendrik Van Dyck
Michel Van Haecke
Erwin Thijs
Peter Wuyts
Gert Vanderaerden
South Africa
Malcolm Lange
Simon Kessler
Johan Van Der Berg
Morné Bester
Owen Hannie
Ross Grant
David George
Japan
Tomoya Kano
Shinri Suzuki
Hidenori Nodera
Kazuya Okazaki
Satoshi Hirose
Koki Shimbo
Koji Fukushima
Philippines
Victor Espiritu
Arnel Quirimit
Merculio Ramos
Villamor Baluyut
Enrique Domingo
Warren Davadilla
Lloyd Lucien Reynante
Iran
Ahad Kazemi
Hossein Askari
Alireza Haghi
Mehdi Sohrabi
Hassan Maleki
Rasoul Farshbaf
Sirous Hashemzadeh
References
2003
2003 in road cycling
2003 in Malaysian sport |
4015766 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutter | Cutter | Cutter may refer to:
Tools
Bolt cutter
Box cutter, aka Stanley knife, a form of utility knife
Cigar cutter
Cookie cutter
Glass cutter
Meat cutter
Milling cutter
Paper cutter
Side cutter
Cutter, a type of hydraulic rescue tool
People
Cutter (surname)
Fictional characters
Colonel Cutter, a character from the 1998 animated film Antz
Cutter, a character from the comic book property Elfquest
Cutter (G.I. Joe), a character from the G.I. Joe toyline, comic books, and animated series
Cutter John, a character from the comic strip Bloom County
Cutter Wentworth, a character from the television soap opera One Life to Live
John Cutter, a character from the 1992 film Passenger 57
Nick Cutter, a character from the television series Primeval
Sol Cutter, a character from the video game Burn Cycle
Captain Spaulding (nicknamed "Cutter"), a character appearing in films by Rob Zombie
Companies
Cutter Consortium, an information technology research firm
Cutter Laboratories, a pharmaceutical company
Entertainment
The Cutter, a 2005 American action film directed by William Tannen
Cutters (TV series), an American television series
Cutter (professional wrestling), a move in professional wrestling involving a facelock and a bulldog, also known as an RKO
The Cutter (album), a compilation album of Echo & the Bunnymen
"The Cutter" (song), a 1983 single by Echo & the Bunnymen
Sport and games
Cutter or cut fastball, a type of pitch in baseball
Cutter (card player), the player who cuts the pack in a card game
Leg cutter, a type of delivery in cricket
Off cutter, a type of delivery in cricket
Cutter, a participant in the equestrian sport of cutting, where the horse and rider demonstrate their ability to handle cattle
Cutters, a current Little 500 cycling team whose name was taken from 1979 film Breaking Away
Transportation
Cutter (boat), a term applied to several different sorts of watercraft defined by hull type, sailing rig, or the intended use
United States Coast Guard Cutter, a term used by the United States Coast Guard for its commissioned vessels
UKBF 42m Customs Cutter, a class of four patrol vessel for the UK Border Force
Cutter, a type of small horse-drawn sled
Other uses
Coors Cutter, a beverage
Cutter v. Wilkinson, a 2005 U.S. Supreme Court case
Cutter Expansive Classification, a library classification system
Someone who engages in self-harm
See also
Cut (disambiguation)
Cutting (disambiguation)
Qatar
Cutter & Buck
Kutter (disambiguation)
Woodcutter (disambiguation) |
4015767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Irvine%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201958%29 | Alan Irvine (footballer, born 1958) | James Alan Irvine (born 12 July 1958) is a Scottish former professional footballer and coach.
Irvine played as a winger for Queen's Park, Everton, Crystal Palace, Dundee United and Blackburn Rovers.
As a coach, Irvine worked in various roles at Blackburn Rovers, Preston North End, Newcastle United and Everton before becoming a manager, firstly with Preston and then Sheffield Wednesday. After three years in charge of the Everton Academy, he became head coach of West Bromwich Albion. He rejoined Blackburn as assistant manager in November 2015, and was later caretaker manager of Norwich City and assistant manager at West Ham United.
Early life
Born in Glasgow, Scotland, Irvine studied for qualification as an insurance broker whilst playing for Queen's Park. Irvine is a boyhood Leeds United fan, citing fellow Scot Eddie Gray as his favourite player.
Club career
After Queen's Park, Irvine went on to play for Everton, Crystal Palace, Dundee United and Blackburn Rovers.
He helped Everton win the 1983–84 FA Cup: despite being left out of the final match day squad, he had started all 7 previous FA cup matches up to and including the semi-final, scoring goals in the 3rd round and 5th round ties. Irvine also started the 1984 League Cup Final and League Cup Final Replay with Everton ultimately losing 1–0 to Liverpool.
In 1992, he was part of the Blackburn team that won promotion to the new FA Premier League. He announced his retirement from playing just before the 1992–93 season began.
Coaching career
Irvine returned to Goodison Park to join the coaching staff 20 years after leaving as a player. He was academy director at Blackburn Rovers and Newcastle United, where he was credited with bringing through players such as Steven Taylor and Peter Ramage. Damien Duff has described Alan Irvine as being "the best coach" he's ever worked under.
Preston North End
Irvine took over as manager of Preston North End on 20 November 2007 with Preston in a relegation battle. He guided Preston to a respectable 15th place in the 2007–08 season. In his first full season in charge, Irvine led Preston to the play-offs when on a dramatic final day of the season, after Preston clinched the final play-off spot thanks to goals from Jon Parkin and Sean St. Ledger. After that he was named the Championship Manager of the Month for April. Preston lost their play-off semi-final to Sheffield United 2–1 on aggregate. He was dismissed on 29 December 2009 after Preston suffered a poor run of results where the team only won once in 10 games.
Sheffield Wednesday
Irvine was appointed manager of Sheffield Wednesday on 8 January 2010. Wednesday got off to a good start under Irvine, winning games against Barnsley, Blackpool and Peterborough United. Irvine was named Championship Manager of the month for January 2010. This form was not sustained, however, as on the last day of the season Wednesday faced a Hillsborough relegation showdown against Crystal Palace who had suffered a 10-point deduction, needing a home win to avoid relegation. The match ended in a 2–2 draw, relegating Wednesday to League One.
Wednesday then had severe financial issues, with the club appearing in court twice over winding up orders. Following the successful takeover by Milan Mandarić at the end of 2010, Irvine was allowed transfer funds to revamp his squad. Despite making several new signings, the team continued to have consistently poor results. On 3 February 2011, Wednesday dismissed Irvine with the side lying 12th in League One.
It was announced on 12 July 2011 that Irvine had returned to Everton to replace Ray Hall as the manager of the club's academy.
West Bromwich Albion
On 14 June 2014 West Bromwich Albion announced that Irvine would fill their vacant head coach role on a 12-month rolling contract, his first management work in the Premier League.
In his first league match in charge on 16 August, West Bromwich Albion drew 2–2 at home against Sunderland. It was not until his fifth league match, on 21 September, that they won a league match, James Morrison heading the only goal to defeat Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane. A week later, he got his first home league victory, 4–0 against Burnley at The Hawthorns. It was the team's biggest league win since 2012 and moved them up seven places in the league to 10th. Irvine's time in charge also saw West Bromwich Albion forward Saido Berahino called into the senior England team after scoring seven goals in ten league matches.
After only seven months in the role, on 29 December 2014, Irvine was dismissed by West Bromwich Albion, with the team lying in 16th position in the Premier League having won only four of 19 league games under his managership, and just one point above the relegation zone.
Norwich City
On 2 July 2016, Irvine joined Norwich City as assistant manager. He took over as caretaker manager on 10 March 2017 after Alex Neil was dismissed. On 25 May 2017 Daniel Farke took over on a permanent basis, and Irvine left the club.
West Ham United
In November 2017, Irvine was named as an assistant to David Moyes at West Ham United; the pair had worked together at Preston and Everton He left the east London club at the end of the 2017–18 season, after Moyes' contract was not renewed. He rejoined West Ham on 30 December 2019 following Moyes' reappointment as the club's manager. Irvine was replaced by Billy McKinlay as West Ham United's assistant manager in May 2021 and switched to a technical advisory role. Moyes commented Irvine's role saying "We have Alan who is always watching and analysing the opposition for us".
Managerial statistics
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish footballers
Association football wingers
Queen's Park F.C. players
Everton F.C. players
Crystal Palace F.C. players
Dundee United F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
English Football League players
Scottish football managers
Preston North End F.C. managers
Sheffield Wednesday F.C. managers
West Bromwich Albion F.C. managers
Norwich City F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Premier League managers
Blackburn Rovers F.C. non-playing staff
Preston North End F.C. non-playing staff
Newcastle United F.C. non-playing staff
Everton F.C. non-playing staff
Norwich City F.C. non-playing staff
West Ham United F.C. non-playing staff
Association football coaches |
4015776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Lakes%20Junior%20C%20Hockey%20League | Great Lakes Junior C Hockey League | The Great Lakes Junior C Hockey League was a Junior "C" ice hockey league in Ontario, Canada, sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Association. The champion of the Great Lakes competed for the All-Ontario Championship and the Clarence Schmalz Cup. It is now a division in the Provincial Junior Hockey League.
The league got its start as the Border Cities Junior Hockey League in 1968. It became a Junior B and C league under the Great Lakes name in 1970 before strictly Junior C in 1974.
History
Development
Out of the ashes of the old Bluewater Hockey League, a local league that sometimes operated at Junior D and Juvenile levels, came the Border Cities Junior Hockey League in 1968. In 1968-69, the league operated on both sides of the Canada-United States border. The Leamington Flyers joined the league after a lackluster year in the Western Jr. B League, with the Blenheim Golden Blades, Petrolia Jets, and Dresden Jr. Kings on the Canadian side. The American teams did not participate in the OHA playoffs. Blenheim would win the Border Cities Jr. B crown with a 4-games-to-2 series win over Petrolia, while Dresden would beat Leamington 3-games-to-2 with 2 ties for the Junior C crown.
In 1969-70, the league operated as two different, but interlocked, identities - the Border Cities League and the Michigan Junior Hockey League. The Canadian teams stayed with the BCJHL and added a fifth member - the Tilbury Bluebirds. Petrolia was named Junior B champions at the end of the year, uncontested, and went on to the Sutherland Cup playdowns, while Leamington beat Dresden for the Junior C championship, and Blenheim beat Tilbury for a Junior D title.
During the summer, the league opted to separate from its Michigan brethren, who went on to form their own league. The league received an offer from a new team, the Windsor Royals. In the Fall of 1970, the league renamed itself the Great Lakes Junior Hockey League.
Great Lakes
The 1970-71 season, the first as the Great Lakes Junior Hockey League, saw the league operating with six teams. Four of the teams in the league had opted for a Junior B designation for the playoffs: Blenheim, Petrolia, Tilbury and Windsor; Dresden and Leamington remained Junior C. Petrolia would take the league Junior B crown with a dominant series victory over the upstart Royals, while the Dresden Jr. Kings went the distance and shocked the Leamington Flyers (who had finished the season with ten more wins). Dresden would go on to defeat the Central Ontario Junior C Hockey League's Champion, Bowmanville Red Eagles to win the league's first ever Provincial Championship.
In the Summer of 1971, the league expanded again with the Mooretown Flags jumping in at the Junior C level. Petrolia would defeat Windsor again at Jr. B, while Leamington gained revenge over Dresden in the Jr. C final. Leamington would manage to duplicate the deeds of the Kings in 1971, winning the 1972 OHA Junior C Championship over the Central Ontario League's Cobourg Cougars.
Before the 1972-73 season, the Petrolia Jets applied to leave the league for the Western Ontario Junior B Hockey League. They were replaced by the Sandwich West Thunderbirds of LaSalle, Ontario at the Jr. B level and the Wallaceburg Lakers in Jr. C. Windsor would win the B loop, while Leamington would again take Jr. C.
The Summer of 1973 brought more expansion. The Royals, disgruntled former affiliates of the Southern Ontario Junior A Hockey League's Windsor Spitfires were having a battle over which team deserved ascension to Major Junior A level. The Spitfires opted to not renew their agreement with the Royals and financially supported the new Belle River Bulldogs. They were joined by the soon-to-be powerhouse Essex 73's and Michigan Yankees of Utica, Michigan. Sandwich West did not return for a second season. Windsor walked through Tilbury and Belle River with no problem to win their second straight Jr. B title. Essex would shock everyone in the league and finish with the best record, but fell in the Jr. C finals to the Leamington Flyers.
In the Summer of 1974, the Royals were relocated to the Western Ontario Junior B Hockey League and the Michigan Yankees ceased operations. With half the teams gone from their already fragile Jr. B loop, the league opted to operate at Junior C from then on.
Junior C exclusive
After eliminating the Junior B level, the Great Lakes Junior C Hockey League had dropped down to eight teams for 1974-75: Belle River, Blenheim, Dresden, Essex, Leamington, Mooretown, Tilbury, and Wallaceburg. Essex, in only their second year, would win not only the regular season title (33-8-1), the playoff championship by defeating Leamington in four-straight-games, but would march their way to their first (and the GLJCHL's third) OHA Junior C Championship by defeating the Central Ontario League's Lindsay Muskies 4-games-to-3.
In 1975, Belle River Bulldogs left the league after only two seasons. Essex would win the 1975-76 regular season title, their third straight, by beating Dresden in seven games, but would fall to the Niagara & District Junior C Hockey League's Dunnville Terriers 4-games-to-2 in the provincial final.
1994 Tilbury Hawks scandal
In 1994, members of the Tilbury Hawks were charged with 135 various criminal violations by the Ontario Provincial Police stemming back to a rookie party in the Fall of 1993. Members of the Hawks organization, who won the league in 1992-93, had engaged in a rookie party at the team owner's house in which various hazing rituals were performed on rookies including forced drinking, group masturbation, shaving of pubic hair, and various sexual acts. Eventually, team trainer Paul Everaert and captain Ed Fiala pleaded guilty to their charges and were fined a total of $6,000. The team was forced out of Tilbury by the end of the 1993-94 season, relocating to Walpole Island and folding in 1999. The team was a part of an investigation and subject matter of an episode of The Fifth Estate.
Teams
2015-16 Playoffs
Winner moves on to the Clarence Schmalz Cup.
Playoff champions
Regular season champions
(*) Leamington awarded 1972-73 regular season title over Windsor Royals due to winning head-to-head record.
Former member teams
Amherstburg Vikings
Clearwater Steeplejacks
Leamington Flyers
Michigan Yankees
Petrolia Jets
Sandwich West Thunderbirds
Tilbury Bluebirds
Tilbury Hawks/Walpole Island Hawks
Windsor Royals
Professional alumni
National Hockey League
Chris Allen (Blenheim 1992-93)
Darren Banks (Leamington 1983-84)
Bob Boughner (Belle River 1986-87)
Ted Bulley (Windsor 1971-72)
Bruce Crowder (Essex 1974-75)
Keith Crowder (Essex 1975-76)
Brian Dobbin (Mooretown 1980-82)
Tie Domi (Belle River 1984-85)
Rick Heinz (Windsor 1972-73)
Dave Kelly (Dresden 1969-70)
Kris Manery (Leamington 1972-73)
Matt Martin (Blenheim 2005-06)
Mike Natyshak (Belle River 1979-82)
Rumun Ndur (Clearwater 1991-92)
Warren Rychel (Essex 1983-84)
D. J. Smith (Belle River, Chippawa 1992-93)
Alek Stojanov (Belle River, Amherstburg 1988-89)
John Van Boxmeer (Petrolia 1970-71)
Todd Warriner (Blenheim 1988-89)
Derek Wilkinson (Belle River 1989-90)
Brian Wiseman (Dresden 1986-87)
Dave Gagnon (Essex 1984-85; 1985–86)
References
External links
Great Lakes Junior C website
C
C |
4015779 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boechera%20gunnisoniana | Boechera gunnisoniana | Boechera gunnisoniana, or Gunnison's rockcress, is a perennial herb of the family Brassicaceae (the mustards). It grows on windswept ridges as well as on stoney hillsides in west-central Colorado. The plant has many slender, erect stems which may reach a height of 15 cm. Flowering time is from May to June.
According to chromosome counts, this species is diploid (n=7 as in all Boechera species) which probably reproduces sexually.
References
External links
USDA Plants Profile:
gunnisoniana
Flora of Colorado
Flora of North America |
4015791 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czech%20Republic%20national%20under-21%20football%20team | Czech Republic national under-21 football team | The Czech Republic national under-21 football team is the national under-21 association football team of the Czech Republic and is controlled by the Football Association of the Czech Republic. The team competes in the UEFA European Under-21 Championship, held every two years.
Although the breakup of Czechoslovakia occurred officially on 1 January 1993, the under-21 team continued until the end of the 1994 championship. After that, the Czech Republic and the Slovakia under-21s became separate footballing entities.
For both nations, the first matches were played in September 1994 in qualification for the 1996 championship.
The Czech Republic under-21 team reached the quarter-finals in 1996, but failed to qualify for 1998. The team reached the final in both the 2000 and 2002 tournaments, winning the latter on penalties.
Subsequently, the team failed to qualify for the tournaments in 2004 and 2006. They qualified for the 2007 competition but finished last in the group stage. They once again failed to qualify for the 2009 competition. In the 2011 UEFA European Under-21 Championship, they placed fourth.
Competitive Record
Summer Olympics record
UEFA European Under-21 Championship Record
*Draws include knockout matches decided by penalty shootout.
Individual awards
In addition to team victories, Czech players have won individual awards at the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship.
Results and fixtures
2021
2022
Players
Current squad
The following players were called up for the 2023 UEFA European Under-21 Championship qualification matches.
Match dates: 3 and 13 June 2022
Opposition: and
Caps and goals correct as of: 29 March 2022, after the match against
Names in bold denote players who have been capped for the Senior team.
Recent call-ups
The following players have also been called up to the Czech Republic under-21 squad in the last 12 months and remain eligible:
Previous squads
2021 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship squads – Czech Republic
2017 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship squads – Czech Republic
2015 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship squads – Czech Republic
2011 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship squads – Czech Republic
2007 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship squads – Czech Republic
2002 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship squads – Czech Republic
2000 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship squads – Czech Republic
1996 UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship squads – Czech Republic
Leading AppearancesNote: Those players in bold are still eligible to play for the team at the moment.
Statistics up to and including Czech Republic vs Germany, 18 November 2014.
Leading GoalscorersNote: Club(s) represents the permanent clubs during the player's time in the Under-21s. Those players in bold' are still eligible to play for the team at the moment.Statistics up to and including Czech Republic vs Andorra, 5 June 2012.''
See also
Czech Republic national football team
Czech Republic national under-19 football team
Czech Republic national under-18 football team
Czech Republic national under-17 football team
Notes
References
External links
UEFA Under-21 website Contains full results archive
Czech Republic Under-21s at uefa.com
Official ČMFS Czech Republic Under-21 website Contains listings and statistics of current and past Czech Republic U-21 players.
The Rec.Sport.Soccer Statistics Foundation Contains full record of U-21 Championships.
under-21
European national under-21 association football teams
Youth football in the Czech Republic |
4015792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Japan at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Japan competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Shizuka Arakawa won the country's only medal, a gold, in women's figure skating. She was the first person born and raised in Asia to become an Olympic champion in that event. Athletes representing Japan participated in all but one of the 2006 Olympics' 15 sports, with Ice hockey the only exception.
Medalists
| width=78% align=left valign=top |
| width=22% align=left valign=top |
Alpine skiing
Biathlon
Men
Women
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Distance
Sprint
Curling
Women's
Team: Ayumi Onodera (skip), Yumie Hayashi, Mari Motohashi, Moe Meguro, Sakurako Terada (alternate)
Round Robin
Draw 2
;Draw 3
;Draw 4
;Draw 5
;Draw 8
;Draw 9
;Draw 10
;Draw 11
;Draw 12
Standings
Key: The hammer indicates which team had the last stone in the first end.
Figure skating
Key: CD = Compulsory Dance, FD = Free Dance, FS = Free Skate, OD = Original Dance, SP = Short Program
Freestyle skiing
Men
Women
Luge
Nordic combined
Note: 'Deficit' refers to the amount of time behind the leader a competitor began the cross-country portion of the event. Italicized numbers show the final deficit from the winner's finishing time.
Short track speed skating
Skeleton
Ski jumping
Note: PQ indicates a skier was pre-qualified for the final, based on entry rankings.
Snowboarding
Halfpipe
Men
Women
Note: In the final, the single best score from two runs is used to determine the ranking. A bracketed score indicates a run that wasn't counted.
Parallel GS
Key: '+ Time' represents a deficit; the brackets indicate the results of each run.
Snowboard Cross
Speed skating
Men
Women
Team Pursuit
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4015797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hashiba%20Hidekatsu | Hashiba Hidekatsu | was a Japanese samurai, and the fourth son of the famed feudal warlord Oda Nobunaga and was adopted by Toyotomi Hideyoshi at a young age.
At the time of Nobunaga's death in 1582, Hidekatsu was at Kojima in Bizen Province. During the funeral, he held his birth father's mortuary tablet (ihai). Afterwards, Hidekatsu received Kameyama Castle in Tanba Province (modern day Kameoka, Kyoto Prefecture).
Shortly after Nobunaga's death, Hidekatsu assisted Hideyoshi during the Battle of Yamazaki, and defeated Akechi Mitsuhide. He also served Hideyoshi during the Battle of Komaki and Nagakute in 1584. Hidekatsu suddenly died in 1586, with many people believing that Hidekatsu was killed on the orders of Hideyoshi.
Family
Father: Oda Nobunaga (1536–1582)
Adopted Father: Toyotomi Hideyoshi (1536–1598)
Brothers:
Oda Nobutada (1557–1582)
Oda Nobukatsu (1558–1630)
Oda Nobutaka (1558–1583)
Oda Katsunaga (1568–1582)
Oda Nobuhide (1571–1597)
Oda Nobutaka (1576–1602)
Oda Nobuyoshi (1573–1615)
Oda Nobusada (1574–1624)
Oda Nobuyoshi (died 1609)
Oda Nagatsugu (died 1600)
Oda Nobumasa (1554–1647)
Sisters:
Tokuhime (1559–1636)
Fuyuhime (1561–1641)
Hideko (died 1632)
Eihime (1574–1623)
Hōonin
Sannomarudono (died 1603)
Tsuruhime
Notes
References
Hall, John Whitney, McClain, James L. and Jansen, Marius B. (1991). The Cambridge History of Japan. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press..
Samurai
1568 births
1586 deaths
Oda clan |
4015804 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Gardin | Vladimir Gardin | Vladimir Rostislavovich Gardin () (born Vladimir Rostislavovich Blagonravov (Благонра́вов); – 28 May 1965) was a pioneering Russian film director and actor who strove to raise the artistic level of Russian cinema.
He first gained renown as a stage actor in the adaptations of Russian classics by Vera Komissarzhevskaya and other directors. In 1913, he turned to cinema and started producing screen versions of great Russian fiction: Anna Karenina (1914), The Kreutzer Sonata (1914), Home of the Gentry (1914), War and Peace (1915, co-directed with Yakov Protazanov), and On the Eve (1915).
After the Russian Revolution of 1917, he organized and presided over the first film school in the world, now known as VGIK. With the advent of sound pictures, he stopped directing and returned to acting. His roles won him a high critical acclaim and the title of People's Artist of the USSR (1947). Gardin published two volumes of memoirs in 1949 and 1952. Another book, The Artist's Life and Labor, followed in 1960.
Selected filmography
director
The Keys to Happiness (1913); co-directed with Yakov Protazanov
Days of Our Life (1914)
Anna Karenina (1914)
The Kreutzer Sonata (1914)
A Nest of Noblemen (1914)
War and Peace (1915)
Petersburg Slums (1915); co-directed with Yakov Protazanov
Ghosts (1915)
Thought (1916)
The Iron Heel (1919)
Hunger... Hunger... Hunger (1921)
Sickle and Hammer (1921)
A Spectre Haunts Europe (1923)
Locksmith and Chancellor (1923)
Cross and Mauser (1925)
Gold Reserves (1925)
The Marriage of the Bear (1926)
The Poet and the Tsar (1927)
Kastus Kalinovskiy (1928)
actor
Sniper (1931)
Beethoven Concerto (1936)
Pugachev (1937)
Stepan Razin (1939)
Russian Ballerina'' (1947)
References
External links
1877 births
1965 deaths
20th-century Russian male actors
20th-century screenwriters
People from Tver
People from Tver Governorate
Honored Artists of the RSFSR
People's Artists of the RSFSR
People's Artists of the USSR
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Russian male stage actors
Russian male film actors
Russian male silent film actors
Silent film directors
Russian film directors
Soviet film directors
Soviet screenwriters
Male screenwriters
Soviet male film actors
Belarusfilm films
Male actors of the Russian Empire
Soviet theatre directors
Gerasimov Institute of Cinematography faculty
Burials at Bogoslovskoe Cemetery |
4015805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mougambi | Mougambi | Mougambi is a small village on an island located on the Ndogo Lagoon in Gabon, between the town of Gamba and the village Setté Cama. The closest village to Mougambi is Pitonga.
Populated places in Ngounié Province
Islands of Gabon |
4015806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgian%20Mid-Ontario%20Junior%20C%20Hockey%20League | Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior C Hockey League | The Georgian Mid Ontario Junior C Hockey League is a former Junior "C" ice hockey league in Ontario, Canada, sanctioned by the Ontario Hockey Association. The Champion of the league competed for the All-Ontario Championship and the Clarence Schmalz Cup.
In the summer of 2016, the GMOHL merged into the Provincial Junior Hockey League and became the Carruthers Division in the Northern Conference.
History
Dating back to the late 1940s, the Georgian Bay League featured teams like the Owen Sound Greys, Barrie Colts, and Collingwood Blues. As the top tier teams of the group were promoted to Junior B, teams to the north entered the loop in the 1960s - Powassan North Stars, Bracebridge Bears, Huntsville Blair McCann, Parry Sound Shamrocks, Gravenhurst Indians, and so on. In 1971, the South-Central Junior D Hockey League was formed with teams like the Bradford Blues, Alliston Hornets, Schomberg Cougars, and Stayner Siskins. The South-Central League became Central League Group 1 in 1973. In 1974, Powassan and the Sundridge Beavers dropped out of the Georgian Bay League, so Huntsville and Bracebridge joined the Central League for two seasons until 1977 when they found enough interest from other clubs to restart their League. During this time, the Central League had three playoff championships, Central Junior C, Georgian Bay Junior C, and Central Junior D, all representing the league at the provincial level.
When the South-Central Junior D league was promoted to Junior C, their league champion competed for the Clarence Schmalz Cup, but a second tier champion also competed for the Junior D OHA Cup. In 1974, 1975, 1976, and 1977, the Stayner Siskins competed on behalf of the then Central league for the All-Ontario Junior D title, victorious in 1974 and 1976.
The Georgian Mid-Ontario Junior "C" Hockey League is the result of the 1994 merger of the Mid-Ontario Junior "C" Hockey League and the short-lived Georgian Junior "C" Hockey League. The league began as a Junior "D" league in the early 1970s.
During the 2004-05 season, the GMOHL played an interlocking schedule with the Western Junior C Hockey League. The GMOHL won the series with 44 victories, 32 losses, and 6 ties.
In, May 2010, The OHA confirmed the welcoming of The Caledon Golden Hawks have entered the GMOHL. In March 2012, the GMOHL allowed the Huntsville Otters to join the league after recently retracting from the Ontario Junior Hockey League. With the announcement on April 16, 2015 the league accepted the Collingwood Admirals as the eleventh franchise to the Georgian Bay Mid-Ontario Hockey League. The awarding of the Collingwood franchise was challenged by the Stayner Siskins on the basis that the area did not have enough hockey players to support another franchise. Their appeal was upheld and the expansion Admirals will not participate. The Fergus Devil's announced that they are taking a leave of absence for the 2015-16 season.
League timeline
Black vertical lines denote a Clarence Schmalz Cup championship. Purple vertical lines denote an OHA Cup Jr. D championship.
The teams
- inactive for the 2015-16 season.
2015-16 Playoffs
Winner moves on to the Clarence Schmalz Cup.
GMO Junior "C" Champions
Georgian Bay Champions
Mid-Ontario Champions
Central League (1973-1976)
Georgian Bay Junior C
South-Central Junior D
Regular season champions
Former member teams
Astorville Flyers, GB 1970s
Bradford Bulls, GMO 1971-06
Bracebridge Bears, GB 1974-78
Caledon Flyers, MO 1976-90
Collingwood Glassmen, MO 1977-79
Essa 80's, MO 1980-82, GB 1983-85
Innisfil Bruins, GB 1985-94
Grand Valley Harvesters, GMO 1993-96
Gravenhurst Cubs, GMO 1994-00
Gravenhurst Indians, GB 1980-87
Huntsville Blair McCann/Huskies, GB 1983-94
Keswick Royals, MO 1982-86
Meaford Monarchs, MO 1975-78
Orangeville Crushers, MO 1975-94
Oro 77's, GB 1977-92
Parry Sound Shamrocks, GB 1983-91
Powassan North Stars, GB 1970s
Shelburne Bluebirds, MO 1971-73
Sundridge Beavers, GB 1970s
Vaughan Kings/Maple Trappers, MO 1978-81
Wasaga Beach White Caps, GB 1992-93
Woodbridge Raiders, MO 1982-84
Professional alumni
National Hockey League
Perry Anderson (Alliston 1977-78)
Jason Arnott (Stayner 1989-90)
Mike Fountain (Huntsville 1988-89)
Kris King (Gravenhurst 1982-83)
Manny Legace (Alliston 1987-88)
John Madden (Alliston 1989-91)
Darrin Madeley (Bradford 1984-86)
Sandy McCarthy (Midland 1987-88)
Brian McReynolds (Penetang 1982-84)
Darrin Shannon (Alliston 1984-85)
Darryl Shannon (Alliston 1983-84)
Jeff Shevalier (Acton 1989-91)
References
External links
OHA Website
C
C
Sports leagues established in 1994
1994 establishments in Ontario |
4015815 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery%20Township%20School%20District | Montgomery Township School District | The Montgomery Township School District is a comprehensive public school district, consisting of five school facilities, that serves students in pre-kindergarten through twelfth grade from Montgomery Township and Rocky Hill, in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States. Rocky Hill was a non-operating school district whose school children had attended the Montgomery Township schools as part of a sending/receiving relationship, but has since been incorporated into the school district. Montgomery Township had been one of the fastest-growing school districts in New Jersey. In September 1992, the K-12 enrollment was 1,590 compared to 4,924 in September 2005, tripling in just more than a decade.
As of the 2019–20 school year, the district, comprised of five schools, had an enrollment of 4,701 students and 413.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.4:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "J", the highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Awards and recognition
For the 1992-93 school year, Montgomery High School was formally designated as a National Blue Ribbon School of Excellence, the highest honor that an American school can achieve. Montgomery Middle School was recognized as a Blue Ribbon School for the 1999-2000 school year.
The Montgomery Township School District has been ranked among the best schools in New Jersey. Montgomery Township's schools were ranked as "the best bang for the buck" (New Jersey Monthly magazine), referring to the high achievement of students with a relatively low spending per pupil (compared to other school districts in New Jersey). Montgomery High School was the 4th ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 316 schools statewide, in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2006 cover story on the state's Top Public High Schools.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2019–20 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Elementary schools
Orchard Hill Elementary School with 810 students in grades PreK-2
Kathleen Scotti, Principal
Daniel Van Hise, Vice Principal
Village Elementary School with 660 students in grades 3-4
Susan Lacy, Principal
Lia Camuto, Vice Principal
Middle schools
Montgomery Lower Middle School with 796 students in grades 5-6
Michael Richards, Principal
Lisa Romano, Vice Principal
Montgomery Upper Middle School with 780 students in grades 7-8
Cory M. Delgado, Principal
Mark Accardi, Vice Principal
High school
Montgomery High School with 1,619 students in grades 9-12
Paul J. Popadiuk, Principal
Scott Pachuta, Vice Principal
Heather Pino-Beattie, Vice Principal
John McAvaddy, Vice Principal
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Mary E. McLoughlin, Superintendent
Alicia M. Schauer, Business Administrator / Board Secretary
Board of education
The district's board of education, comprised of nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2013) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the day-to-day operation of the district.
References
External links
Montgomery Township School District
Data for the Montgomery Township School District, National Center for Education Statistics
Montgomery Township, New Jersey
Rocky Hill, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group J
School districts in Somerset County, New Jersey |
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