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4013649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster%20House%20Conferences | Lancaster House Conferences | Lancaster House Conferences may refer to any of the following meetings that took place at Lancaster House in London:
The Lancaster House Conferences (Nigeria) in 1957 and 1958 where the federal constitution for an independent Nigeria was prepared
The Lancaster House Conferences (Kenya), three meetings (1960, 1962, 1963) in which Kenya's constitutional framework and independence were negotiated
The Ugandan Constitutional Conference, held at Lancaster House in September and October 1961
A Conference that led to the Lancaster House Agreement, the independence agreement for Rhodesia, now known as Zimbabwe
See also
The Lancaster House Treaties, an Anglo-French military co-operation agreement signed in 2010 |
4013655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20Thomson%20%28sportsman%29 | Keith Thomson (sportsman) | Keith Thomson (born 26 February 1941) is a New Zealander who represented his country at cricket and hockey. He played two cricket Tests in 1968, and 28 hockey Tests between 1961 and 1971, and was later an umpire in both sports.
Cricket career
A middle-order batsman, Thomson was stoutly built and batted with a crouching stance, but hit the ball hard. He played first-class cricket for Canterbury from 1959–60 to 1973–74. In the Plunket Shield in 1966–67 he hit two centuries and was selected for all four matches for New Zealand against the touring Australian XI.
He made his Test debut against India in the 1967–68 season at Christchurch where he scored 69 (adding 119 for the fifth wicket with Graham Dowling) and 0 not out in what was New Zealand's fourth victory in Tests. His second, and final, Test came a week later at Wellington where he scored 25 and 0.
His highest score in first-class cricket was 136 not out for Canterbury against Northern Districts in 1968–69. He was a fine fieldsman, a good catcher close to the wicket.
Thomson later became an umpire, standing in 13 first-class matches and 11 List A matches between 1983–84 and 1986–87.
Hockey career
Thomson played hockey for Canterbury from 1959 to 1974 mainly as centre half or inside right. He made his debut for New Zealand in 1961 against India at Lancaster Park, Christchurch. Between 1961 and 1971 he represented New Zealand in 28 hockey Tests. At the 1968 Olympics in Mexico City, he played in eight games and scored three goals – one each against India, East Germany and Belgium, as New Zealand finished seventh.
He was a New Zealand graded hockey umpire and umpired two international matches involving Canada and India. He was awarded life memberships of the Canterbury Hockey Association and the New Zealand Hockey Association.
Later life
Thomson worked as a secondary school teacher. He taught at Amuri Area School, Hagley High School, Makora College (in Masterton) and Christchurch Boys' High School.
References
External links
1941 births
Living people
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
New Zealand male field hockey players
Field hockey players at the 1968 Summer Olympics
Olympic field hockey players of New Zealand
South Island cricketers
People from Methven, New Zealand
Sportspeople from Canterbury, New Zealand |
4013660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pupil%20master | Pupil master | A pupil master ('pupilmaster' or 'pupil-master') or, in the case of a female barrister, 'pupil mistress' etc., is the former name given to an experienced barrister who a pupil shadows during their pupillage. The terms have now been replaced by the term 'pupil supervisor'. Barristers are called to the Bar via one of the four Inns of Court upon successful completion of the BPTC and having undertaken a required number of "qualifying sessions" in their chosen Inn of Court. In most cases, the newly called barrister is then required to undertake training for a period of at least a year before being able to start their own private practice.
The training period, known as pupillage, is usually split into two periods of six months known as "sixes". The first "six" is a non-practising six, during which the pupil will shadow their pupil master; the second is usually a practising "six", when the pupil, with their pupil master's permission, can undertake the supply of legal services and exercise rights of audience in court. Occasionally, a pupil barrister may undertake a third "six", extending the training period a further six months. At the end of pupillage, to continue practising the law, a barrister may attempt to become a tenant in a set of barristers' chambers or find a position as an employed barrister.
External links
Pupillage from the Singapore Board of Legal Education
Barcode Chambers Student Guide: Don't let alien terms used at the Bar confuse or intimidate you!
Lawyers by type
Legal terminology
Legal professions |
4013662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20John%27s%20Medical%20College | St. John's Medical College | St. John's Medical College is a private medical college and hospital situated in Bangalore, India. It is part of the St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences run by the Catholic Bishops' Conference of India. It was established in 1963. The college annually accepts 150 students for the MBBS undergraduate course based on a national entrance exam. It also accepts 100 postgraduate students (80 MD & 20 Diploma) to a number of medical specialties. The college culfest Autumn Muse is one of the oldest in South India.
Partnerships
In 2018, St. John's Medical College partnered with Apple to conduct a needs assessment of the health and well-being of supplier employees. Based on assessment findings, Apple developed and launched a training curriculum to improve health knowledge in key areas. St. John's also provided nutrition consultation that has led to improvements at several supplier cafeterias.
Undergraduate courses
The college offers the four and a half year M.B.B.S. course with a one-year compulsory rotating internship. There are 150 seats which are filled through NEET exam.
Academic divisions
In December 1994, the Institution was renamed as St. John's National Academy of Health Sciences and it comprises the following Institutes:
St. John's Medical College
St. John's Medical College Hospital
St. John's Research Institute
St. John's College of Nursing
St. John's Institute of Health Management and Para Medical Studies
Rankings
St John's Medical College was ranked 14th among medical colleges in India by the National Institutional Ranking Framework in 2020. St. John's Medical College was ranked 17th among medical colleges in India in 2020 by India Today, 13th by The Week in 2019 and 4th in India by Outlook India in 2019.
References
External links
Medical colleges in Karnataka
Catholic universities and colleges in India
Colleges in Bangalore
1965 establishments in Mysore State
Educational institutions established in 1965 |
4013669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mo%C3%AFse%20Fortier | Moïse Fortier | Moïse (Moyse) Fortier (November 6, 1815 – October 17, 1877) was a Quebec businessman and political figure. He was a Liberal member of the House of Commons of Canada representing Yamaska from 1867 to 1872.
He was born in Saint-Léon in 1815. He became a merchant at Saint-David-d'Yamaska and was also president of the Richelieu, Drummond and Arthabaska Railway. He served as mayor of Saint-David for 22 years. In 1861, he was elected to the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada in Yamaska; he was re-elected in 1863 and was elected to the Canadian House of Commons after Confederation.
He died at Saint-David-d'Yamaska in 1877.
External links
1815 births
1877 deaths
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada East
Liberal Party of Canada MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Quebec
Mayors of places in Quebec |
4013677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20Education%20and%20Religious%20Affairs%20%28Greece%29 | Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs (Greece) | The Ministry of Education and Religious Affairs () is a government department of Greece. One of the oldest ministries, established in 1833, it is responsible for running the country's education system and for supervising the religions in Greece. The incumbent minister is Niki Kerameus.
History
Current leadership
Minister for Education and Religious Affairs: Niki Kerameus
Deputy Minister (responsible for primary, secondary and special education):
Deputy Minister (responsible for higher education):
List of ministers
Ministers for National Education and Religious Affairs (1981–2009)
Ministers for Education, Lifelong Learning and Religious Affairs (2009–2012)
Ministers for Education, Religious Affairs, Culture and Sport (2012–2013)
Ministers for Education and Religious Affairs (2013–2015)
Ministers for Culture, Education and Religious Affairs (2015)
Ministers for Education, Research and Religious Affairs (2015–2019)
Minister for Education and Religious Affairs (since July 2019)
References
External links
Ministry website
1833 establishments in Greece
Greece
Government ministries of Greece
Lists of government ministers of Greece
Ministries established in 1833
Religion in Greece |
4013678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symptomatic%20treatment | Symptomatic treatment | Symptomatic treatment, supportive care, supportive therapy, or palliative treatment is any medical therapy of a disease that only affects its symptoms, not the underlying cause. It is usually aimed at reducing the signs and symptoms for the comfort and well-being of the patient, but it also may be useful in reducing organic consequences and sequelae of these signs and symptoms of the disease. In many diseases, even in those whose etiologies are known (e.g., most viral diseases, such as influenza and Rift Valley fever), symptomatic treatment is the only treatment available so far. For more detail, see supportive therapy. For conditions like cancer, arthritis, neuropathy, tendinopathy, and injury, it can be useful to distinguish treatments that are supportive/palliative and cannot alter the natural history of the disease (disease modifying treatments).
Examples
Examples of symptomatic treatments:
Analgesics, to reduce pain
Anti-inflammatory agents, for inflammation caused by arthritis
Antitussives, for cough
Antihistaminics (also known as antihistamines), for allergy
Antipyretics, for fever
Enemas for constipation
Treatments that reduce unwanted side effects from drugs
Uses
When the etiology (the cause, set of causes, or manner of causation of a disease or condition) for the disease is known, then specific treatment may be instituted, but it is generally associated with symptomatic treatment, as well.
Symptomatic treatment is not always recommended, and in fact, it may be dangerous, because it may mask the presence of an underlying etiology which will then be forgotten or treated with great delay. Examples:
Low-grade fever for 15 days or more is sometimes the only symptom of bacteremia by staphylococcus bacteria. Suppressing it by symptomatic treatment will hide the disease from effective diagnosis and treatment with antibiotics. The consequence may be severe (rheumatic fever, nephritis, endocarditis, etc.)
Chronic headache may be caused simply by a constitutional disposition or be the result of a brain tumor or a brain aneurysm.
Finally, symptomatic treatment is not exempt from adverse effects, and may be a cause of iatrogenic consequences (i.e., ill effects caused by the treatment itself), such as allergic reactions, stomach bleeding, central nervous system effects (nausea, dizziness, etc.).
See also
Palliative care – program of supportive care for people with serious illnesses
References
Medical treatments
Medical terminology |
4013685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dayle%20Hadlee | Dayle Hadlee | Dayle Robert Hadlee (born 6 January 1948) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played in 26 Tests and 11 ODIs from 1969 to 1978. He is the son of Walter Hadlee, the older brother of Sir Richard Hadlee and the younger brother of Barry Hadlee.
Cricket career
An opening bowler and useful batsman in the lower order, Dayle Hadlee was selected to tour England, India and Pakistan in 1969 after only three first-class matches, none of them in the Plunket Shield. He played in two Tests in England, taking six wickets. He played all six Tests against India and Pakistan, taking 21 wickets at 15.95, including his best Test figures of 4 for 30 in Hyderabad, and making 152 runs at 16.88, including his only Test fifty, 56 at Karachi, when he had a partnership of 100 in 90 minutes for the eighth wicket with Bryan Yuile.
He was hampered by injury for a couple of years and didn't make his Plunket Shield debut for Canterbury until 1971–72. In 1972–73 he took 32 wickets in the Shield at 13.50, opening the bowling with his brother Richard, who took 28 at 15.64. Dayle took 6 for 42 against Otago, and 4 for 28 and 7 for 88 against Northern Districts.
Richard made his Test debut in the First Test against Pakistan, then lost his place to Dayle for the last two Tests of the series. Neither brother made much impact. Between the Second and Third Tests New Zealand played its first One Day International, beating Pakistan by 22 runs in fading light in Christchurch; Dayle took 4 for 34.
Dayle and Richard each took 38 first-class wickets on the tour of England in 1973. Dayle played all three Tests, taking 10 wickets at 34.00, including 4 for 42 in the first innings of the First Test. That match, the first Test in which the brothers had played together, was Richard's only Test of the series.
Dayle toured Australia in 1973–74, playing all three Tests, and then played all three when Australia toured New Zealand later that summer, taking 16 wickets in the six matches. In the Second Test in Christchurch, he took 1 for 42 and 4 for 75 in New Zealand's first Test victory over Australia. He played both Tests against the touring English side in 1974–75.
At the 1975 World Cup he took seven economical wickets in the three qualifying matches but was severely punished by Alvin Kallicharran in the semi-final against West Indies. He played all three Tests against the Indian touring team in 1975–76, taking three wickets in New Zealand's victory in Wellington, when Richard took 11. Dayle's final Test was New Zealand's first ever Test victory over England, in Wellington in 1977–78, in which he took no wickets while Richard took 10.
He had taken his best first-class innings figures of 7 for 55 for Canterbury against Wellington earlier in the 1977–78 season. His only first-class century came in 1982–83, when he scored 109 not out in Canterbury's victory over the touring Sri Lankans. He retired after the 1983–84 season, in which he took 17 wickets at 16.88.
After cricket
After he retired he took up coaching. In 1999 he described the English cricketer Ian Bell as "the best 16-year-old I've ever seen". In 2008 he was appointed to coach at the Global Cricket Academy in Dubai. In 2012, he discovered Kyle Jamieson, and converted the 6'8" batting all rounder into a bowling all rounder/bowler.
References
External links
1948 births
Living people
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand One Day International cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Cricketers at the 1975 Cricket World Cup
Cricketers from Christchurch
New Zealand cricket coaches
Dayle
South Island cricketers |
4013686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 1997 French Open – Men's singles | Gustavo Kuerten defeated Sergi Bruguera in the final, 6–3, 6–4, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 1997 French Open. He became the first unseeded player since Mats Wilander in 1982 and the second-lowest ranked player ever to win a major, and the first Brazilian singles player to win a major. Following the win, Kuerten improved in the rankings from world No. 66 to No. 15.
Yevgeny Kafelnikov was the defending champion, but lost to Kuerten in the quarterfinals.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
1997 French Open Men's Singles draw – Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP)
1997 French Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
French Open by year – Men's singles
1997 ATP Tour |
4013687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Saadabad | Treaty of Saadabad | The Treaty of Saadabad (or the Saadabad Pact) was a non-aggression pact signed by Turkey, Iran, Iraq and Afghanistan on July 8, 1937, and lasted for five years. The treaty was signed in Tehran's Saadabad Palace and was part of an initiative for greater Middle Eastern-Oriental relations spearheaded by King Mohammed Zahir Shah of Afghanistan. Ratifications were exchanged in Tehran on June 25, 1938, and the treaty became effective on the same day. It was registered in League of Nations Treaty Series on July 19, 1938.
In Iraq, the left-leaning Bakr Sidqi military government of 1936–1937 was less Arab nationalist than other Iraqi governments. Sidqi was a Kurd and his prime minister, Hikmat Sulayman, was a Turkmen. They were, therefore, interested in diplomacy with Iraq's eastern, non-Arab neighbours. Turkey sought friendly relations with its neighbours and was still recovering from its defeat in World War I and the costly victory in the Turkish War of Independence.
In 1943, the treaty was automatically extended for a further five years because none of the signatories had renounced it.
Notes
External links
Text of the treaty
D. Cameron Watt: "The Saadabad Pact of 8 July 1937"
Treaties concluded in 1937
1937 in Asia
Treaties of Turkey
Treaties of Pahlavi Iran
Treaties of the Kingdom of Iraq
Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
1937 in Turkey
1937 in Iran
1937 in Iraq
1937 in Afghanistan
Non-aggression pacts
Interwar-period treaties |
4013700 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanur%2C%20Malappuram | Tanur, Malappuram | Tanur (English: ) is a coastal town, a municipality, and a block located in Tirur Taluk, Malappuram district, Kerala, India. It is located on the Malabar Coast, north of Tirur and 9 kilometres south of Parappanangadi. It is the 17th-most populated municipality in the state, the fourth-most populated municipality in the district, and the second-most densely populated municipality in Malappuram district, having about 3,568 residents per square kilometre as of the year 2011. Tanur town is located south of the estuary of Poorappuzha River, which is a tributary of Kadalundi River. Tanur was one of the major ports in the southwestern coast of India during the medieval period. It was ruled by the Kingdom of Tanur, also known as Vettathunadu, who were vassals to the Zamorin of Calicut. In the early medieval period, under the chiefs of Kozhikode and Tanur, Tanur developed as one of the important maritime trade centre on the Malabar Coast. Later it became a part of Vettathunadu Taluk in Malabar District under British Raj, which was merged with the Ponnani taluk in 1860-1861. Tanur railway station is a part of the oldest Railway line of Kerala laid in 1861 from Tirur to Chaliyam. Presently, the status of Tanur is reduced to a major fishing centre in Kerala.
History
The ancient maritime port of Tyndis, which was then a centre of trade with Ancient Rome, is roughly identified with Tanur. Tyndis was a major center of trade, next only to Muziris, between the Cheras and the Roman Empire. Pliny the Elder (1st century CE) states that the port of Tyndis was located at the northwestern border of Keprobotos (Chera dynasty). The North Malabar region, which lies north of the port at Tyndis, was ruled by the kingdom of Ezhimala during Sangam period. According to the Periplus of the Erythraean Sea, a region known as Limyrike began at Naura and Tyndis. However, the Ptolemy mentions only Tyndis as the Limyrikes starting point. The region probably ended at Kanyakumari; it thus roughly corresponds to the present-day Malabar Coast. The value of Rome's annual trade with the region was estimated at around 50,000,000 sesterces. Pliny the Elder mentioned that Limyrike was prone by pirates. The Cosmas Indicopleustes mentioned that the Limyrike was a source of peppers.Das, Santosh Kumar (2006). The Economic History of Ancient India. Genesis Publishing Pvt Ltd. p. 301.
The name "Tanur(Thanni-ur)" is derived from the Malayalam language. "Thanni" refers to the Bastard myrobalan tree, Terminalia bellirica, while "ur" refers to the settlement. Tanur was an important trading port with trade connections with Middle East during the early medieval period. When Kingdom of Tanur became vassal to the Zamorin of Calicut, Tanur also became a major port like other port towns in the kingdom. The Zamorin earned a greater part of his revenue through the maritime trade through ports.
Vettathunad, also known as the Kingdom of Tanur, was a coastal city-state kingdom in the Malabar Coast. It was ruled by the Vettathu Raja, who was a vassal of the Zamorin of Calicut. Parts of Tirurangadi, Tirur, and Ponnani Taluks were ruled by the Vettathu Rajas. Vettathunad was known for its trade relationship with the Middle Eastern merchants in the medieval period. Tanur was a major port town in the Malabar Coast during the medieval period. Tanur was also an important trade centre. The Veṭṭathunāṭu rulers owed their allegiance to the kings (Zamorin) of Calicut, a regional power on the Malabar coast. With the emergence of the Portuguese in India, the Veṭṭathunāṭu ruler sided with them against his overlord at Calicut. It is believed that St. Francis Xavier visited Tanur in 1546AD. The Raja converted to Christianity though only for a few months in 1549.
It is also known that during the Battle at Chaliyam Fort in 1571 carried out by the naval force of Zamorin with the support of native Mappilas, which ousted the Portuguese from the region of Zamorin of Calicut, Chaliyam was the northern border of Kingdom of Tanur. Its southern border was somewhere near Thavanur on the bank of Bharathappuzha river. Vettathunadu had sea coast and four major rivers (Chaliyar, Kadalundi River, Tirur River, and Bharathappuzha river). The rulers of Tanur were great admirers of art and culture. Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan, the father of modern Malayalam language, and many of the members of the medieval Kerala School of Astronomy and Mathematics were natives of Tirur in Vettathunadu. Melpathur Narayana Bhattathiri, another prominent figure of 16th century Kerala, was also born at Kurumbathur near Athavanad.
In the 16th century, Portguese arrived here just after the arrival of Vasco Da Gama near Calicut. Kingdom of Tanur was one of the earliest Portuguese colonies in the Indian Subcontinent. The ruler of the Kingdom of Tanur, who was a vassal to the Zamorin of Calicut, sided with the Portuguese, against his overlord at Kozhikode. As a result, the Kingdom of Tanur (Vettathunadu) became one of the earliest Portuguese Colonies in India. The ruler of Tanur also sided with Cochin. Many of the members of the royal family of Cochin in 16th and 17th members were selected from Vettom. However, the Tanur forces under the king fought for the Zamorin of Calicut in the Battle of Cochin (1504). However, the allegiance of the Mappila merchants in Tanur region still stayed under the Zamorin of Calicut. Thunchaththu Ezhuthachan, who is considered as the father of modern Malayalam literature, was born at Tirur (Vettathunadu) during Portuguese period. The Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics flourished between the 14th and 16th centuries. In attempting to solve astronomical problems, the Kerala school independently created a number of important mathematics concepts, including series expansion for trigonometric functions. The Kerala school was mainly based at Kingdom of Tanur.
The naval chiefs of Zamorin, commonly known as Kunjali Marakkars, had close relationship with the medieval port town of Tanur. In 1523, when the Portuguese Viceroy Menezes sailed with all the available ships to Hormuz, an Arab merchant, one Kutti Ali of Tanur, had the effrontery to bring a fleet of two hundred vessels to Calicut, to load eight ships with pepper, and to despatch them with a convoy of forty vessels to the Red Sea before the very eyes of the Portuguese. In 1532 with the help of the ruler of Tanur, a chapel was built at Chaliyam, together with a house for the commander, barracks for the soldiers, and store-houses for trade. Diego de Pereira, who had negotiated the treaty with the Zamorin, was left in command of this new fortress, with a garrison of 250 men; and Manuel de Sousa had orders to secure its safety by sea, with a squadron of twenty-two vessels. The Zamorin soon repented of having allowed this fort to be built in his dominions, and used ineffectual endeavours to induce the ruler of Parappanangadi, Caramanlii (King of Beypore?) (Some records say that the ruler of Tanur was also with them ) to break with the Portuguese, even going to war against them. In 1571, the Portuguese were defeated by the Zamorin forces in the battle at Chaliyam Fort.]
During the last decades of 18th century CE, Vettathunadu became a part of Kingdom of Mysore. Tanur is located on Tirur-Kadalundi Tipu Sultan Road. It is one of the earliest roads in Kerala, which was created by Tipu for his conquests. Following the Treaty of Seringapatam in 1792, Tanur became a part of British India. During the arrival of British, according to William Logan, the kingdom ("nadu") was divided into 21 "Amsoms" as shown below (A main bazaar in each Amsom is given in bracket):
Anantavur (Cherulal), Chennara, Clari (Kuttippala), Iringavur, Kalpakanchēri (Kadungathukundu), Kanmanam (Thuvvakkad), Mangalam, Mēlmuri, Niramaruthūr, Ozhūr, Pachattiri, Pallippuram, Pariyāpuram, Ponmundam (Vailathoor), Purathur, Rayiramangalam, Thalakkad (Betteth Puthiya Angadi), Thanalur, Trikkandiyoor (Tirur), Triprangode, and Vettom.
According to Logan, the Kshatriya family of the Vettathu Rajas became extinct with the death of the last Raja on 24 May 1793. It was an important town in Malabar District during the British rule. During the first decades of British era Vettathunadu was the name of a Taluk in Malabar District consisting of Tanur and Tirur regions of present-day Tirur Taluk, and it was situated on the northern bank of the River Bharathappuzha. Later it was merged with Ponnani taluk. Tanur railway station is one of the oldest railway stations in Kerala. It was a part of the first rail route (Tirur–Chaliyam) in Kerala, which began in the year 1861. In 1957, the region was separated from Ponnani taluk to form Tirur Taluk.
Civic administration
The town is administered by Tanur Municipality, headed by a chairperson. For administrative purposes, the town is divided into 44 wards, from which the members of the municipal council are elected for a term of five years.
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Tanur Municipality Election 2020
Law and Order
The municipality comes under the jurisdiction of the Tanur police station, which was formed on 29 February 1962. The station is located on Tanur-Parappanangadi public road about 100 yards west of Tanur junction. The station has the jurisdiction over the municipality of Tanur and the Gram panchayats of Tanalur, Ozhur, Niramaruthur, and Nannambra.
The jurisdictional courts of Tanur Police Station are Judicial First Class Magistrate Court at Parappanangadi, Subdivisional Magistrate Court at Tirur, and Sessions Court at Manjeri.
The border police stations are headquartered at Tirur, Parappanangadi, Kalpakanchery, and Tirurangadi.
Tanur is also headquarters of one among the six subdivisions of Malappuram District Police. The police stations at Tanur, Parappanangadi, Tirurangadi, Kalpakanchery, and Kadampuzha comes under the jurisdiction of Tanur subdivisional zone of district police.
Transport
Tanur railway station, in the heart of the town, is located from Malappuram on the Shoranur - Mangalore Section of the Southern Railway. The nearest airport is Karipur Airport, which is approximately from the town. Tipu Sultan Road (Tirur-Kadalundi Road), one among the oldest roads of Kerala (laid in 18th century CE), passes through Tanur town.
Geography
Tanur is located at . It has an average elevation of .
Places of Interest
Tanur beach
Tanur harbour
Purappuzha estuary (Purappuzha Azhimukham)
Kodinhi backwater (Kodinhi Kayal)
EducationGovt Arts and Science College Tanur: C.H. Muhammad Koya Memorial Govt. Arts & Science College Tanur was established in 2013. The College is affiliated to the University of Calicut. Now the college is temporarily located at Puthentheru, about 2 km away from Tanur town. College offers UG courses in B.A English, B.Com, BBA, BCA, and B.Sc Electronics. The college has been an entrance to the world of higher education for the public, especially for the people from coastal area.Islahul Uloom Arabic College: Islahul Uloom Arabic College in Tanur town is one among the oldest Arabic Colleges in Kerala. It was built in 1924 under the leadership of Pangil Ahmed Kutty Musliyar, a personality who died in 1946. The decision to building an Islamic Institution in Tanur was made by Asasul Islam Sabha of Tanur, in a meeting held at Tanur Valiya Kulangara Palli, on October24 1924.Devadhar Government Higher Secondary School: Established in 1919, it is one of the oldest secondary schools in Kerala.
There are also many private and government schools as well as a state Industrial training institute and a government arts and science college.
Another important school near Tanur is Govt. Higher Secondary School, Kattilangadi, Tanur. A Govt. Fisheries Vocational Higher Secondary school is also there.
Wards of Tanur
Tanur Municipality is composed of the following 44 wards:
Suburbs of TanurOn Kadalundy Route'
Chiramangalam, Mukkola and Moolakkal
Devadhar, Puthentheru and Vattathani
Valiyapadam, Moochikkal and Cherumoochikkal
Peruvazhiyambalam, Pookkayil and Naduvilangadi
Tanur Block
Tanur Block Panchayat is the local body responsible for the block-level administration of the following Gram panchayats:
Cheriyamundam
Niramaruthur
Ozhur
Perumanna-Klari
Ponmundam
Tanalur
Valavannur
See also
Tanur (State Assembly constituency)
Tanur railway station
Kingdom of Tanur
Tirur Taluk
References
External links
Official website
Populated coastal places in India
Cities and towns in Malappuram district
Parappanangadi area |
4013703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salto%20Grande%20Dam | Salto Grande Dam | The Salto Grande Dam is a large hydroelectric dam on the Uruguay River, located between Concordia, Argentina, and Salto, Uruguay; thus shared between the two countries.
The construction of the dam began in 1974 and was completed in 1979. Power is generated by fourteen Kaplan turbines, totaling the installed capacity to . The dam passes approximately of water per second, compared to the current average flow of the Uruguay River at . The reservoir has a total area of , while its maximum dimensions are .
Gallery
See also
List of conventional hydroelectric power stations
List of power stations in Argentina
Salto Grande Waterfall
Salto Grande Bridge
References
Dams completed in 1979
Energy infrastructure completed in 1979
Dams in Uruguay
Dams in Argentina
Buildings and structures in Salto Department
Hydroelectric power stations in Uruguay
Hydroelectric power stations in Argentina
Uruguay River
Geography of Entre Ríos Province
Argentina–Uruguay border |
4013709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Cordes | John Cordes | John H. F. Cordes (August 9, 1890 – April 19, 1966) was a detective in the New York Police Department, once described by New York mayor Jimmy Walker as "the city's best cop". He is the only detective to have been awarded the department's Medal of Honor twice.
Cordes was first awarded the medal in 1923 after coming across a Manhattan cigar store robbery in progress. As a result of his involvement, Cordes suffered five gunshot wounds, three of which came from another policeman for unknown reasons.
His second Medal of Honor was awarded in 1927 for his work in solving the kidnapping of real estate tycoon Abraham Scharlin.
Cordes retired in 1949. Part of his career is described in the book "NYPD: Stories of Survival from the World's Toughest Beat".
References
Further reading
1890 births
American police detectives
Year of death unknown |
4013728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Biggins | Jonathan Biggins | Jonathan Martin Biggins (born 14 September 1960) is an Australian actor, singer, writer, director and comedian. He has appeared on film, stage and television as well as in satirical sketch comedy television programmes.
He was born in Newcastle, New South Wales, and attended Newcastle Boys' High School in the mid-1970s. He said that it was "a fairly intimidating place to be if you weren't great at sports or maths. However once [I] joined the debating team, and went on to win the state finals, things started looking up."
Biography
Stage appearances include The Importance of Being Earnest (as John Worthing, replacing Geoffrey Rush), A Funny Thing Happened on the Way to the Forum, Orpheus in the Underworld and the Gilbert and Sullivan operas Ruddigore and The Mikado.
His television appearances include The Dingo Principle and Three Men and a Baby Grand, satirical sketch television comedy programmes for which he was a writer/performer with Phillip Scott and Drew Forsythe. He also presented the art panel programme Critical Mass.
His film appearances include Thank God He Met Lizzie and Gettin' Square. He also co-wrote, with Phillip Scott, some of the dialogue for The Man from Snowy River: Arena Spectacular, a stage musical based on the poem "The Man from Snowy River". Biggins also played Peter Sellers in Ying Tong, a play about Spike Milligan and The Goons and an Australian-wide hit.
Biggins has directed the Wharf Revue since 2000, written for the Sydney Morning Herald weekly magazine Good Weekend for seven years and directed the Australian production of Avenue Q. He hosted the New Year's Eve Gala Concert in 2010 at the Sydney Opera House.
He is married to Australian actress Elaine Smith, best known as Daphne Clarke in the soap opera Neighbours. He and Smith have twin daughters born in February 2000.
Awards
Biggins was awarded the Medal of the Order of Australia in the 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours for "service to the performing arts through theatre".
Mo Awards
The Australian Entertainment Mo Awards (commonly known informally as the Mo Awards), were annual Australian entertainment industry awards. They recognise achievements in live entertainment in Australia from 1975 to 2016.
(wins only)
|-
| 2000
| Jonathan Biggins
| Male Comedy Performer of the Year
|
|-
References
External links
Meet Jonathan Biggins
Jonathan Biggins – New South Wales Art Gallery
The Wharf Revue
Jonathan Biggins – Interview
Jonathan Biggins – Supporting Newcastle and Hunter Talent
Jonathan Biggins – The Wharf Revue – Queensland Musical Festival
Jonathan Biggins – on ABC TV's Q&A – 26 February 2009
1960 births
Australian male comedians
Australian male film actors
Australian male musical theatre actors
Australian male singers
Australian male stage actors
Australian male television actors
Australian operatic baritones
Australian theatre directors
Helpmann Award winners
Living people
People educated at Newcastle Boys' High School
People from Newcastle, New South Wales
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
University of Newcastle (Australia) alumni |
4013731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downend%20School | Downend School | Downend School is a coeducational secondary school and sixth form with academy status, situated on Westerleigh Road in the suburban village of Downend in South Gloucestershire, England.
About
The school has four houses: Carpenter (green), Brunel (red), Grace (blue) and Muller (yellow), each named after a different famous person from Bristol. Students are sorted into these house somewhat at random, though some allowance is made for siblings and friendships. Each house has house captains, which can consist of four house captains or two house and two vice. Generally these are two girls and two boys. The house is shown via the tie that each student wears, which has three stripes repeating down it, one thin white stripe, one thick navy stripe and one medium stripe which is the house colour. There is also the school logo on the tie (a shield with small images representing the houses).
In addition to the tie, the uniform consists of a navy blazer, the school logo situated on a pocket on the left. A white shirt is worn, along with dark grey tailored trousers and black leather shoes. There is also the option of wearing a dark grey skirt instead of trousers.
Facilities
The school is accessed through three sets of two gates, at the front, back and side of the school. Students, when entering and exiting the school, must pass through both gates.
The exception to this is at the front gates, in which visitors (and late students) may enter through the reception, and the sixth form, which is entered by passing only through the first front gate. The reason for these double gates is so that the inner gates can be closed to keep students in, while visitors are still able to enter and exit through the outer gates.
The school has several buildings, each containing different departments.
To the back it has several sports facilities, including a sports hall and several sports courts. The sports hall complex is run by the Circadian Trust.
In roughly the middle, there is a canteen, and just behind it is a major classroom block, which includes Maths, English and DT (design and technology).
To the left of the canteen are the science labs. The fire assembly point is behind the science block on the aforementioned courts.
At the front of the school, there is a building complex containing humanities, languages, and business classrooms as well as containing the administrative facilities.
Further included in this complex is the main hall and the gym, which are used for special occasions like open days, examinations and, in the 2019-(?) Coronavirus pandemic, for viral testing and vaccination.
To the far left of the school is the drama hall, where one of the three sets of gates are located.
CSET
Downend is part of an educational trust called Castle School Education Trust, named after Castle School.
Sixth Form
Downend and Mangotsfield share a sixth form, located in the Downend School premises.
The logo of this sixth Form is a 6 made up of various green shapes, including squares and a smaller 6.
Students at this sixth form are mainly from Downend or Mangotsfield School, though some come from other local schools.
The building is to the right of the primary front gate, and the entrance is just past the main school's secondary front gate. To enter this building, students must have a key card, marked with their name and a picture of themselves. This card expires when the student leaves the school at the end of year 13.
Contained within the building are staff and student toilets, the nine classrooms, the common room and a few staff offices. Eight of the classrooms are smaller, with one larger one. These are marked as P(1-9). Most rooms have a lime green colour scheme. One of these classrooms is a computer room, although the students also have access to laptops, available in the common room, which is by far the largest room in the building. This common room contains many chairs and tables, as well as leaflets for universities and other higher education opportunities, drawers for student possessions, and a small kitchenette containing a microwave and a kettle. Also located in the common room is a whiteboard where announcements are written, and where students are allowed to write as well.
Lessons like Maths and English generally take place within the sixth form building itself, whilst those requiring more specialised equipment or facilities, for example the sciences, take place within the main school. There are two exits at the back of the sixth form building that lead into the main school grounds, which do not require key cards.
History
Page School for Girls
Staple Hill Senior School for Girls was established in 1933, and in 1947 became Staple Hill Secondary Modern School, having separate departments for boys and girls. After the Chase Comprehensive School had been built for the boys in about 1966, the girls stayed in the buildings in North View, and it was renamed Page School for Girls.
Establishment
In September 1982, Page School for Girls merged with the coeducational Stockwell Hill Comprehensive School, and the new school was called Downend Comprehensive School.
Later years
It was renamed Downend Community School. In 2005, it moved to Westerleigh Road.
Tamryn Savage, was instated as head teacher for the school year beginning 2006 and onwards after the acting head teacher Ray Lockey retired. She left at the end of the academic year 2010-2011 and was replaced by Will Roberts.
The buildings of Page School for Girls were demolished from 2007 to 2008.
The school converted to academy status on 1 March 2013.
Notable former pupils
Actor Mike Bailey, best known for playing the role of Sid Jenkins on Skins (TV series)
Conservative MP for Bromsgrove and Secretary of State for Health and Social Care Sajid Javid
Former professional darts player Chris Mason (darts player)
References
External links
Official Site
Secondary schools in South Gloucestershire District
Educational institutions established in 1982
1982 establishments in England
Academies in South Gloucestershire District |
4013736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hutzler%27s | Hutzler's | Hutzler's, or Hutzler Brothers Company, was a department store founded in Baltimore by Abram G. Hutzler (1836–1927) in 1858. From its beginning as a small dry goods store at the corner of Howard and Clay Streets in downtown Baltimore, Hutzler's eventually grew into a chain of 10 department stores, all of which were located in Maryland.
Early years
At age 23, Abram Hutzler was not yet old enough to secure credit; his father, Moses Hutzler, signed the official documents Abram needed to open the store in July 1858. Although the store originally traded as M. Hutzler & Son, Moses Hutzler was otherwise not involved in the business.
After Abram brought his two brothers, Charles and David, into the business in 1867, the retail store was left in David's hands while Abram and Charles operated a wholesale business. The retail store expanded into three other storefronts on Howard Street in 1874, 1881 and 1887, gradually transforming into a department store. Abram and Charles discontinued the wholesale business in 1888 to concentrate on the company's retail operations.
The original Howard Street locations were razed in 1888 and replaced by the five-story Hutzler Brothers Palace Building, designed by the architectural firm of Baldwin & Pennington. An example of neoclassical architecture, the Palace was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984. Its exterior features included Nova Scotia gray stone, carved with Arabesque heads and foliage, and large display windows. Facing Clay Street, a keystone carved with the image of Moses Hutzler was placed over a display window. The new store was organized into several departments and employed 200 workers.
In 1908, the company incorporated as Hutzler Brothers Company of Baltimore City. This was later amended to Hutzler Brothers Company.
Innovative retail practices
An innovator of progressive retailing practices, Hutzler's was believed to have established the one-price policy in 1868. With one-pricing, all customers pay the same price, set by the store for a specific item, for specific period of time. This policy replaced the process of higgling or haggling to negotiate prices determined by the bargaining skill of individual customers. One-pricing for basic commodities was actually practiced in rural stores before the Civil War, but Hutzler's may have been the first retailer to apply the policy to such a broad range of merchandise, including every item in the store.
Hutzler's led the retailing industry as one of the first to establish a liberal return policy, granting refunds to dissatisfied customers, and the first Maryland retailer with its own fleet of delivery trucks. It is also believed to be the first retail chain that did not discriminate against African-American customers. They operated the first bargain counter during the civil war.
Downtown expansion
A five-story building on Saratoga Street and two smaller buildings on Howard Street were added to the Hutzler's downtown location in 1916. Then in 1924 another five floors were added to the Saratoga Street building, bringing it up to 10 floors. Hutzler's Downstairs, an outlet for discounted merchandise, opened in the store's basement in September 1929.
A five-story art deco style expansion to the downtown store, described as "Greater Hutzlers", opened on October 1, 1932. This building eventually extended to nine floors and became known as the Tower building.
When it reached the peak of its operations in the 1950s, the Downtown location covered of retail space.
Suburban expansion
In 1952, after nearly 100 years exclusively on the original site, Hutzler's opened its first branch store in Towson, Maryland. Other stores followed at Westview Mall, Eastpoint Mall, Southdale Center (this location was moved to Harundale Mall), Security Square Mall, Harford Mall, White Marsh Mall, and Salisbury Mall. In 1980, a small store in the Inner Harbor area was opened.
Designed for customers using automobiles, rather than pedestrian traffic, the Towson Hutzler's lacked the showcase windows of the downtown store. On the third floor of the Towson Hutzler's, customers dining in the store's Valley View Room, also known as the Tea Room, enjoyed a view overlooking the historic Hampton Mansion. The store restaurant had its own bakery, featuring Lady Baltimore cake and Goucher cake.
Declining years
In response to declining business in the 1980s, Hutzler's hired Angelo Arena from Marshall Field's in 1983 to take charge of the company and reverse the downward trend. In the Fall of 1984, he moved the downtown store from its original location into the new Atrium building next door, site of Hochschild Kohn's former downtown location. The "Palace" name was also moved to the new building. By the time Arena arrived in 1983, the Hutzler's Palace store had contracted to of retail floor space. Its new location in the Atrium building reduced Hutzler's to 70,000 square feet.
The move to the Atrium was part of a five-year plan, announced by Arena in August 1984, to buy four Hochshild Kohn's locations and to expand Hutzler's from eight to 15 stores in the Baltimore area.
Arena's efforts were unsuccessful. Hutzler's began closing stores, first with the Inner Harbor store in December 1986. The other locations followed until 1990, when all were gone.
Hutzler's remained a family-owned, Maryland business throughout its 132 years. Its downtown location is believed to hold the record among American department stores for the longest survival at an original location. David A. Hutzler, who joined the company's board in 1976, remained at his position until the company closed in 1990, without going through bankruptcy or lawsuits as its operations ended and assets were liquidated.
Literature
See also
Moses Hutzler in Wikipedia Deutsche
Bargain bin
References
External links
"Downtown Department Stores, and other Retail Goodies"
Towson Hutzler's during Christmas
Towson Hutzler's exterior
Hutzler's downtown Baltimore store
American companies established in 1858
Retail companies established in 1858
Retail companies disestablished in 1990
Defunct department stores based in Maryland
Defunct companies based in Baltimore
1858 establishments in Maryland
1990 disestablishments in Maryland
Department stores on the National Register of Historic Places
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore |
4013737 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Andrews%20%28cricketer%29 | Bryan Andrews (cricketer) | Bryan Andrews (born 4 April 1945) is a New Zealand former cricketer who played in two Test matches during the 1973–74 season. Later he was a member of the Radio Sport cricket commentary team, and served as President of the Auctioneers Association of New Zealand.
Cricket career
Andrews was born in Christchurch in 1945. He began his first-class cricket career with Canterbury in 1963–64, moved to Central Districts during the 1966–67 season, and later moved to Otago, where he played from 1970–71 to 1973–74.
He was considered a surprise choice to tour Australia with New Zealand in 1973–74, but after taking a five-wicket haul in the final warm-up match against Queensland was selected for the first Test of the series. He opened the bowling with Richard Hadlee but failed to take a wicket. After taking just two wickets in the second Test, he was replaced by Lance Cairns for the final Test of the series. After playing for Otago against the touring Australians a few weeks later he played no further first-class cricket. He played for New Zealand three times in the Australian domestic limited-overs cricket tournament: in 1971–72, 1972–73 (when New Zealand won) and 1973–74.
His best first-class bowling figures were seven wickets for 37 runs taken for Central Districts against Otago in 1969–70. He was the leading bowler in the Plunket Shield that season with 28 wickets taken at a bowling average of 15.96. He also played for Wanganui in the Hawke Cup from 1967 to 1970.
Later life
Andrews was a member of the Radio Sport cricket commentary team for many years and worked as an auctioneer. For seven years until 2013 he served as President of the Auctioneers Association of New Zealand. He was awarded the Queen's Service Medal in 2015 for his community and charitable work, notably in organising and conducting charity auctions. He is an executive board member of the Halberg Disability Sport Foundation.
References
External links
1945 births
Living people
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Central Districts cricketers
Otago cricketers
New Zealand cricket commentators
New Zealand auctioneers
Recipients of the Queen's Service Medal
North Island cricketers |
4013741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petar%20Bojovi%C4%87 | Petar Bojović | Petar Bojović (, ; 16 July 1858 – 19 January 1945) was a Serbian military commander who fought in the Serbo-Turkish War, the Serbo-Bulgarian War, the First Balkan War, the Second Balkan War, World War I and World War II. Following the breakthrough on the Thessaloniki Front he was promoted to fourth Field Marshal.
Life
Early life
Bojović was born on 16 July 1858 in Miševići, Nova Varoš. He had distant ancestry from the Vasojevići.
He fought in Serbian-Ottoman Wars from 1876 to 1878 as a cadet of the Artillery school, as well as in wars that Serbia waged at the beginning of the 20th century. He was Chief of the General Staff for the first time from 1905 to 1908.
Balkan Wars
In the Balkan Wars, he was the Chief of Staff of the 1st Army, which scored huge success in battles of Kumanovo, Bitola (First Balkan War) and Bregalnica (Second Balkan War). Given that the commander was the militarily infinitely less experienced crown prince Alexander who had to rely heavily on his chief of staff - the appointment made him effectively the commander of the army. He took part in peace negotiations with Turkey, held in London in 1913, as a military expert in the Serbian Government delegation.
World War I
At the start of World War I, he was given command of the 1st Army. His army suffered huge losses at the Battle of Drina in 1914, but managed to stop the Austro-Hungarian offensive. Bojović was wounded in the battle, and was replaced at the army general position by Živojin Mišić. In January 1916, he was appointed Chief of General Staff for a second time in place of the ailing vojvoda Radomir Putnik, who was carried by his soldiers to the city of Skadar. He held that position until June 1918, when he resigned because of disputes with the allied generals on the issue of widening the Thessaloniki Front. He returned to his position Commander of the 1st Army, which broke the enemy lines and advanced deep into the occupied territory. He received the title of Field Marshal on for his contribution during the war.
Inter-war years and World War II
In 1921, he was appointed Chief of the General Staff of the Yugoslav Army, and in 1922 he withdrew from active service.
At the very beginning of World War II, Petar Bojovic was appointed Deputy Commander-in-Chief of the Yugoslavian Armed Forces by the young King Petar II Karađorđević. However, because of his old age, he did not participate in the events that followed.
Death
Petar Bojović was beaten on 19 January 1945 by a group of Partisans who came to forcibly evict him from his home in Trnska street in Belgrade. According to an alleged testimony:
Bojović soon died of the injuries sustained. His body was transferred to the Belgrade New Cemetery in a wagon on 20 January 1945 and the burial was held privately.
To prevent his being paid tribute, the Communists on Radio Belgrade announced that anyone who tried to come to Bojović's funeral would be arrested and prosecuted.
The new Administration in 1945 named one of the important streets in Belgrade after Vojvoda Bojović. It is a street previously called Donjogradski bulevar, which is today called Bulevar vojvode Bojovića. In 1990 a monument to Bojović was erected in the small park in the Kalenić neighborhood. The park, which is encircled by the small roundabout, became known as the "Park of Vojvoda Bojović".
Awards and decorations
See also
Radomir Putnik
Živojin Mišić
Stepa Stepanović
Božidar Janković
Ilija Gojković
Pavle Jurišić Šturm
Ivan S. Pavlović
References
Literature
1858 births
1945 deaths
People from Nova Varoš
Vasojevići
Serbian soldiers
Serbian military personnel of World War I
Serbian military personnel of the Balkan Wars
Field marshals
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Recipients of the Order of the Yugoslav Crown
Royal Serbian Army soldiers
People killed by Yugoslav Partisans
Serbian murder victims
People murdered in Yugoslavia
Deaths by beating in Europe
Burials at Belgrade New Cemetery
Recipients of the Order of the Cross of Takovo |
4013743 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zanzibari%20ryal | Zanzibari ryal | The ryal () was the currency of Zanzibar between 1882 and 1908. It was subdivided into 136 pysa and circulated alongside the Indian rupee and Maria Theresa thaler. The ryal was replaced by the Zanzibari rupee at 2⅛ rupees = 1 ryal.
Coins
In 1882 (A.H. 1299), coins were introduced in denominations of 1 pysa, ¼, ½, 1, 2½ and 5 ryals. The pysa was struck in copper, with the ¼, ½ and 1 ryal in silver and the 2½ and 5 ryals struck in gold. Further 1 pysa coins were struck in 1887 (A.H. 1304) but no more silver or gold pieces were ever struck.
The silver and gold ryals all look similar with the exception of the denomination and were struck at the Royal Belgian Mint, Brussels, Belgium. Only the 1 and 5 ryal were put in circulation; for the ¼, ½, and 2½ ryal only patterns were struck. The 1 ryal coin of 38 mm in diameter shows the following text.
Obverse: line 1 and 5: الله حفظه (Allah guards);
line 2 tot 4: سلطان سعيد بن برغش بن سلطان (sultan Sa’id bin Barghash bin Sultan).
Reverse: ١ ريال سكة سعيدية ١٢٩٩عام (ryal 1, coin of Sa’idiat, year 1299).
Zanzibar has been called the Isle of Cloves and the clove sprigs can be seen at different positions on the obverse and reverse.
References
Browder, Tim J., Zanzibar coinage, Numismatic Scrapbook Magazine, vol. 27, sept. 1961, pp. 2530-2535.
External links
History of Zanzibar
Currencies of the British Empire
Currencies of Tanzania
Modern obsolete currencies
1882 establishments in Zanzibar
1908 disestablishments
Economy of Zanzibar
History of Zanzibar
Sultanate of Zanzibar |
4013744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Williams%20%28Henry%20V%29 | Michael Williams (Henry V) | Michael Williams is a character in William Shakespeare's Henry V. He is one of three soldiers visited by King Henry V before the Battle of Agincourt.
While walking among his troops on the eve of battle, the King arrives incognito upon a trio of soldiers. They are ruminating on their chances of mere survival, let alone victory in the coming fight. The King pretends to be a junior officer and joins in the discussion. Michael Williams espouses his view on the responsibilities a commander has for the men in his charge, to the extent that he may even be responsible for their souls. He has the grand setpiece speech that includes the line, "There be few that die well that die in a battle." If the men die in a state of unreconciled sin, their subsequent damnation could be the fault of the King who brought death upon them. The King successfully rebukes this, however, as all people are responsible for their own souls.
There is some speculation as to the merits of the King surrendering himself for ransom in order to save the lives of his soldiers. Henry declares he knows the King would never allow himself to be ransomed and would fight the enemy to the death. Williams shows he knows some of the psychology involved, and declares that of course the King would say that, "to make us fight cheerfully: but when our throats are cut he may be ransomed and we ne'er the wiser." The King says in his guise that if that happened, he would "never trust the King after." Williams finds that remark to be so ridiculous as to be outrageousas if the King would care whether an ordinary man trusted his word or not. The King in return finds he cannot allow his word as a man to be doubted. Williams and Henry agree to settle their argument after the battle, should they live, both wearing charges of the other so they could be recognised.
After Agincourt, the victorious King is in a playful mood, and he presents Williams' glove to Fluellen, the Welsh captain, pretending it is a French trophy. When Williams strikes Fluellen to settle the score of the previous night, Fluellen threatens Williams with treason. The King separates them with apologies to Fluellen and promises of gold to Williams for showing honor and bravery. Fluellen tries to add a small amount to Williams' purse, but Michael Williams replies to him, "I will none of your money."
In his review of Laurence Olivier's version in 1944, reviewer James Agee calls this exchange "the most inspired part" of the play, as Michael Williams presents the only challenge to Henry in any way, and almost the only personal conflict. Williams' bravery and intelligence is shown as a spur to Henry's own conscience.
In the 1989 film adaptation of Henry V, Williams was played by the British actor Michael Williams. In this version, there is a wordless scene after Agincourt in which the King simply gives the glove to Williams, who initially looks thankful but then shocked as he realizes he has quarreled with the King. The character also appears in the 1990 Star Trek: The Next Generation episode "The Defector", in Data's holodeck re-enactment of Act IV, Scene I, played under heavy makeup by Patrick Stewart, who had asked to portray Williams or John Bates due to his unabashed love of Shakespeare.
References
Literary characters introduced in 1599
Male Shakespearean characters |
4013753 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi%E2%80%93Kurdish%20Autonomy%20Agreement%20of%201970 | Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970 | Iraqi–Kurdish Autonomy Agreement of 1970 (or the Iraqi–Kurdish peace talks or the 1970 Peace Accord) was an agreement, which the Iraqi government and the Kurds reached March 11, 1970, in the aftermath of the First Iraqi–Kurdish War, for the creation of an Autonomous Region, consisting of the three Kurdish governorates and other adjacent districts that have been determined by census to have a Kurdish majority, Federal Republic of Kurdistan was established. The plan also gave Kurds representation in government bodies, to be implemented in four years. For its time it was the most serious attempt to resolve the long-running Iraqi–Kurdish conflict.
Despite this, the Iraqi government embarked on an Arabization program in the oil rich regions of Kirkuk and Khanaqin in the same period. Eventually, the peace plan for the Kurdish autonomy had failed, re-erupting into the Second Iraqi–Kurdish War in 1974, thus escalating the Kurdish–Iraqi conflict.
Articles
The Kurdish language shall be, alongside the Arabic language, the official language in areas with a Kurdish majority; and will be the language of instruction in those areas and taught throughout Iraq as a second language.
Kurds will participate fully in government, including senior and sensitive posts in the cabinet and army.
Kurdish education and culture will be reinforced.
All officials in Kurdish majority areas shall be Kurds or at least Kurdish-speaking.
Kurds shall be free to establish student, youth, women's and teachers' organisations of their own.
Funds will be set aside for the development of Kurdistan.
Pensions and assistance will be provided for the families of martyrs and others stricken by poverty, unemployment or homelessness.
Kurds and Arabs will be restored to their former place of habitation.
The Agrarian Reform will be implemented.
The Constitution will be amended to read "The Iraqi people is made up of two nationalities, the Arab nationality and the Kurdish nationality."
The broadcasting station and heavy weapons will be returned to the Government.
A Kurd shall be one of the vice-presidents.
The Governorates (Provincial) Law shall be amended in a manner conforming with the substance of this declaration.
Unification of areas with a Kurdish majority as a self-governing unit.
The Kurdish people shall share in the legislative power in a manner proportionate to its population in Iraq.
Implementation
Tariq Aziz retrospectively stated "We were sincere when we announced the 11 March Manifesto. It wasn't propaganda." Mulla Mustafa Barzani saw it as too good to be true, but signed nevertheless due to pressure from the Kurdish communities.
Within a month of signing, most articles were implemented, and by December Mulla Mustafa Barzani was optimistic about autonomy, but by the end of the year it became clear that the Ba'ath party was just playing for time, as there was an attempt on his son's life. The census for disputed areas was postponed twice, and by 1973 the Accord had collapsed.
See also
Kurdistan Regional Government
Kurdistan independence movement
Mustafa Barzani
Ba'athist Iraq
References
History of the Kurdish people
Middle East peace efforts
1970 in Iraq
History of Kurdistan
Iraqi–Kurdish conflict |
4013760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Public%20trustee | Public trustee | The public trustee is an office established pursuant to national (and, if applicable, state or territory) statute, to act as a trustee, usually when a sum is required to be deposited as security by legislation, if courts remove another trustee, or for estates if either no executor is named by will or the testator elects to name the Public Trustee.
Origins
The first Public Trustee is that of New Zealand; it was proposed by Edward Cephas John Stevens in 1870 due to the difficulty of finding reliable private trustees in the colony and adopted by Prime Minister Julius Vogel who established the Public Trust and installed Jonas Woodward as the world's first Public Trustee on January 1, 1873. Initially it was a part-time for position for one man, the government had not anticipated that much of the public would prefer to trust a bureaucrat with their estate - by the mid 20th century the New Zealand Public Trustee gained nearly 1/3 of the estate market in the country, was undertaking many statutory duties beyond this and employed a staff of a thousand. Meanwhile the idea was spreading, initially across the Tasman, where South Australia established a Public trustee on the same model on 1 January 1881, making it the first Public Trustee established in Australia.
Other nations
The office of Public Trustee was adopted by several other countries of the Commonwealth, including the United Kingdom, (founded 1906), where it plays a far more limited role, Sri Lanka, Hong Kong, Singapore, most Canadian provinces and all Australian states and territories.
United Kingdom and Australia
There is a public trustee in each state and territory of Australia and a similar national position exists under English law. The public trustee primarily performs the role of trustee of deceased's estates where no executor is appointed, or the executor declines to act (and no other person is appropriate). Some public trustees also provide a free or inexpensive service for drawing wills (receiving remuneration upon administering the estate). The public trustees also manage the estates of infants (such as in cases where they receive a damages settlement), prisoners, and others under a disability (legal or otherwise), when required. In England and Wales since 1994 the property of someone dying intestate vests in the Public Trustee until a grant of letters of administration is made to an administrator or administrators (prior to 1994 it vested in the President of the Family Division). The public trustee may also act as trustee of unclaimed property in some states (Australia).
New Zealand
Although much reduced in size after a series of restructurings in the 1990s, and unsuccessful moves into conveyancing, unit trust-like investments and other non-core business, which led to large losses at the end of the decade, the office has now returned to profit. As at 2005 it held over 330,000 wills and drafted over 21,000 wills per year, managed 3,500 residential properties, 400 charitable trusts and 30 farms, employing 450 people at 35 offices. Public Trust was a corporation sole until 2001, when it was moved to a company-like structure called a 'Crown entity'.
References
External links
UK Justice
Law of Australia
English law
Legal professions
Trustee |
4013761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KYK-13 | KYK-13 | The KYK-13 Electronic Transfer Device is a common fill device designed by the United States National Security Agency for the transfer and loading of cryptographic keys with their corresponding check word. The KYK-13 is battery powered and uses the DS-102 protocol for key transfer. Its National Stock Number is 5810-01-026-9618.
Even though the KYK-13 was first introduced in 1976 and was supposed to have been obsoleted by the AN/CYZ-10 Data Transfer Device, it is still widely used because of its simplicity and reliability. A simpler device than the CYZ-10, the KIK-30 "Really Simple Key loader" (RASKL) is now planned to replace the KYK-13s, with up to $200 million budgeted to procure them in quantity.
Components
P1 and J1 Connectors - Electrically the same connection. Used to connect to a fill cable, COMSEC device, KOI-18, KYX-15, another KYK-13, or AN/CYZ-10.
Battery Compartment - Holds battery which powers KYK-13.
Mode Switch - Three position rotary switch used to select operation modes.
"Z" - Used to zeroize selected keys.
ON - Used to fill and transfer keys.
OFF CHECK - Used to conduct parity checks.
Parity Lamp - Blinks when parity is checked or fill is transferred.
Initiate Push button - Push this button when loading or zeroizing the KYK-13.
Address Select Switch - Seven position rotary switch.
"Z" ALL - Zeroizes all 6 storage registers when mode switch is set to "Z".
1 THROUGH 6 - Six storage registers for storing keys in KYK-13.
References
Key management
National Security Agency encryption devices
Military equipment introduced in the 1970s |
4013767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20Before%20Dawn | Just Before Dawn | Just Before Dawn may refer to:
Just Before Dawn (1946 film), an American crime film directed by William Castle
Just Before Dawn (1981 film), an American slasher film directed by Jeff Lieberman
The Original Jill Scott from the Vault, Vol. 1 (working title: Just Before Dawn: Jill Scott from the Vault, Vol. 1), a 2011 album by Jill Scott |
4013772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seymour%20Sarason | Seymour Sarason | Seymour Bernard Sarason (January 12, 1919, Brownsville, Brooklyn, New York – January 28, 2010, New Haven, Connecticut) was Professor of Psychology Emeritus at Yale University, where he taught from 1945 to 1989. He is the author of over forty books and over sixty articles, and he is considered to be one of the most significant American researchers in education, educational psychology, and community psychology. One primary focus of his work was on education reform in the United States. In the 1950s he and George Mandler initiated the research on test anxiety. He founded the Yale Psycho-Educational Clinic in 1961 and was one of the principal leaders in the community psychology movement. In 1974, he proposed psychological sense of community, a central concept in community psychology. Since then, sense of community has become a well-known and commonly used term both in academic and non-academic settings.
Early life
Sarason was born in Brownsville, Brooklyn New York on January 12, 1919. Both of his parents, Maxwell and Anna (Silverlight) Sarason, were Jewish immigrants and his father worked in a children's clothes factory in the garment district of Manhattan. Sarason grew up with his sister, Mildred, and his brother, Irwin (who also became a psychologist). At the age of six his family moved to Newark, New Jersey. Sarason was a teenager during the Great Depression and he sold frozen treats and handkerchiefs to help support his family.
During his junior year in high school, Sarason was diagnosed with polio and he lost mobility in his right arm. After a successful surgery that was financed by the New Jersey State Rehabilitation Commission, he regained some functionality of his right arm. Due to the physical limitations Sarason experienced as a result of polio, he became more interested in writing as a career (one of the activities he could still do with his right arm). He was especially interested in becoming a playwright, and he credited his interest in creative writing as one factor that drew him to psychology.
Education
Sarason attended public schools throughout his childhood. When he was seven years old, he began attending Temple B’Nai Abraham, a Hebrew school in New Jersey, on some afternoons and Sunday mornings. As a result of his polio diagnosis, the New Jersey State Rehabilitation Commission collaborated with Dana College (which was later incorporated into Rutgers University) to provide Sarason with a scholarship loan to attend college. He received a bachelor's degree from Dana College in 1939. He obtained a Master's of Arts (1940) and a Ph.D. (1942) in Clinical Psychology from Clark University. At Clark University his research mentor was Saul Rosenzweig and Sarason was the first student at Clark to obtain practical experience working as an extern at a hospital.
Career
Southbury Training School
After obtaining a Ph.D. from Clark University in 1942, Sarason served for three years as the chief psychologist at the Southbury Training School, a residential facility for children and adults with intellectual disabilities. Sarason noted that the goal of the Southbury Training School was to train and educate residents, and then help them return to their homes and communities. While at the Southbury Training School, Sarason administered many psychological evaluations and conducted psychotherapy. He developed a humanistic view of people with intellectual disabilities after witnessing their creativity and their rich emotional experiences. Based on his work at the Southbury Training School, he published articles on the use of projective psychological tests with people with intellectual disabilities, the use of creativity in therapy, and conducting psychotherapy with people with intellectual disabilities.
While at the Southbury Training School, Sarason became frustrated with individual-based psychological theories that did not consider social context. He also became frustrated by the organization's growing insensitivity toward the well-being of its residents. Sarason stated that the Southbury Training School developed a bureaucratic structure, began to experience departmental rivalries, and lacked effective leadership. He began to wonder why the Southbury Training School deteriorated and whether he could create a setting that effectively and sustainably pursued its purpose.
Yale University
In 1945, Carl Hovland, the chair of the Department of Psychology at Yale, offered Sarason an Assistant Clinical Professor Position. In addition to teaching clinical courses and supervising clinical students in psychological testing and report writing, Sarason also published papers on projective techniques during his first few years at Yale. Although Sarason is not well known for his work on projective techniques, he appreciated this work because it gave him insight into how human problem solving adapts based on the specific task at hand.
Intellectual disability
Based largely on his experiences at the Southbury Training School, Sarason published his first book in 1949: Psychological Problems in Mental Deficiency. This book provided a new approach to intellectual disabilities that emphasized social and cultural factors that affect our understanding of intellectual disability. This book became popular in schools of education, and Sarason became well known in the field of education and, more specifically, special education.
Teacher preparation and school reform
In the 1950s, Sarason developed a close friendship and working relationship with Burton Blatt, the chair of the department of special education at New Haven State College. Burton Blatt was interested in working with Sarason because of Sarason's influential research on intellectual disabilities in the field of education. Both Sarason and Blatt were interested in the preparation of teachers, and they believed that teachers lacked training in how to make educational decisions based on observations of student behavior. To highlight this concern, Sarason, Blatt, and another researcher (Ken Davidson) wrote The Preparation of Teachers: An Unstudied Problem in Education. This book emphasized the importance of taking a historical and sociological perspective when considering school reforms, such as considering the history of teacher training programs and how that history may impact teachers’ current work.
In 1965, Sarason predicted that all attempts to reform schools would fail. His prediction still has an accuracy of 100%. He believed that schooling needed fundamental changes. Further, he often stated that it was inconceivable to think that an ingrained human social system such as public schooling was easily reformed. The preparation and training of teachers was a good place to begin reform, according to Sarason.
Test anxiety and situational factors affecting test performance
Sarason's research interests in children's test anxiety developed from his observations that the performance of people with and without intellectual disabilities on intelligence tests could be impacted by anxiety related to the testing environment. For approximately 15 years, Sarason examined how test-taking attitudes and anxiety affect test performance. Summarizing some of his research, Sarason wrote The Clinical Interaction to describe situational factors in testing environments that can lead to inaccurate and confusing test results. Although Sarason's research was considered successful, he described his work as a “research factory” and he was frustrated by the lack of socially-relevant action based on his research (e.g., he was frustrated that his research did not lead to programs to help children who experienced high test anxiety).
Yale Psycho-Educational Clinic
Sarason was frustrated by the lack of social action in his research career, and he seized the opportunity to start a new clinic at Yale University so that he could be more involved in making positive social change. In the late 1950s Sarason was the supervisor of two clinical psychology interns who worked at the Yale Child Study Center, a child psychiatry organization. Because there was a lack of clients available for his supervisees at the Yale Child Study Center, Sarason decided to start a psychology clinic within the Yale Department of Psychology after gaining approval from the chair of the department, Claude Buxton. In the early 1960s Sarason founded the Yale Psycho-Educational Clinic. Although some clients did visit the clinic for psychotherapy and clinical assessments, the clinic was unique in that most of the clinic staff spent the majority of their time in community settings working directly with community organizations. The clinic aimed to expand the role of clinical psychologists to include working in community settings and helping to solve community-based problems. Through his work in the clinic, Sarason also sought to better understand the creation and sustainability of settings. He defined settings as “any instance in which two or more people come together in new relationships over a sustained period of time in order to achieve certain goals.”
The history of the Yale Psycho-Educational Clinic can be separated into two time periods. During the first time period from 1963 to 1965, Sarason and his colleagues aimed to gain entrance into various settings by partnering with organizations, including public schools, anti-poverty programs, and a center for intellectually disabled people. During the second time period from 1965 to 1973, Sarason and the clinic staff focused on studying how settings were created and factors that influenced their longevity. Sarason's main method of investigation involved him acting as a participant-observer who collaborated with various organizations to help solve problems (e.g., low student academic performance, low recruitment for anti-poverty programs). Based on this work, Sarason argued that clinical psychologists should expand their individual-based focus and consider how broader settings contribute to both well-being and pathology. He also argued that changing and reforming settings requires a deep understanding of those settings. Finally, Sarason identified several issues that are relevant to the creation and sustainability of settings, such as having positive external relationships with other people and organizations, having strong leadership at the organizational level, and maintaining realistic expectations about the organization's needs and influence. Sararson's and his colleagues’ work at the clinic resulted in seven books and many articles.
Publications
Seymour Sarason is considered the “father” and “conscience” of Community Psychology because he advocated for the development of a psychology that focused on contextual factors that impact human behavior, the prevention of pathology instead of treatment, and being a collaborative partner rather than an expert. Many of the ideas important to the field of Community Psychology originated from Sarason's work with the Yale Psycho-Educational Clinic. Sarason's influential publications in the field of Community Psychology include:
Sarason, S. B., Levine, M., Goldenberg, I., Cherlin, D., & Bennett, E. (1966). Psychology in community settings: Clinical, educational, vocational, social aspects. New York, NY: Wiley.
Sarason, S. B. (1971). The culture of the school and the problem of change. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Sarason, S. B. (1972). The creation of settings and the future societies. Cambridge, MA: Brookline Books.
Sarason, S. B. (1974). The psychological sense of community: Prospects for a community psychology. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Sarason, S. B. (1976). Community psychology and the anarchist insight. American Journal of Community Psychology, 4(3), 221.
Sarason, S. B. (1976). Community psychology, networks, and Mr. Everyman. American Psychologist, 31(5), 317–328.
Sarason, S. B. (1978). The nature of problem solving in social action. American Psychologist, 33(4), 370–380.
Sarason, S. B. (1981). An asocial psychology and a misdirected clinical psychology. American Psychologist, 36(8), 827–836.
Sarason was world-renowned as an expert in school reform. Some of his notable publications on education and school reform include:
Glazek, S. D., & Sarason, S. B. (2007). Productive Learning: Science, Art, and Einstein’s Relativity in Educational Reform. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Sarason, S. B., Davidson, K. S., & Blatt, B. (1962). The preparation of teachers: An unstudied problem in education. New York, NY: Wiley.
Sarason, S. B. (1971). The culture of the school and the problem of change. Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
Sarason, S. B. (1983). Schooling in America: Scapegoat and salvation. New York, NY: Free Press.
Sarason, S. B. (1990). The predictable failure of educational reform: Can we change course before it’s too late? San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Sarason, S. B. (1993). The case for change: Rethinking the preparation of educators. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Sarason, S. B. (1993). You Are Thinking of Teaching? Opportunities, Problems, Realities. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Sarason, S. B. (1995). Parental involvement and the political principle: Why the existing governance structure of schools should be abolished. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Sarason, S. B. (1996). Barometers of change: Individual, educational, and social transformation. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Sarason, S. B. (1996). Revisiting “The culture of the school and the problem of change.” New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Sarason, S. B. (1998). Political leadership and educational failure. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Sarason, S. B. (2001). American psychology & schools: A critique. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
Sarason, S. B. (2002). Questions you should ask about charter schools and vouchers. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Sarason, S. B. (2003). The skeptical visionary: A Seymour Sarason education reader. (R. L. Fried & S. B. Sarason, Eds.). Philadelphia, PA: Temple University Press.
Sarason, S. B. (2004). And what do you mean by learning? Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
Sarason, S. B. (2006). Letters to a serious education president. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press.
Sarason's notable publications on intellectual disability include:
Sarason, S. B. (1949). Psychological problems in mental deficiency. Oxford, England: Harper.
Sarason, S. B. (1952). Aspects of a community program for the retarded child. Training School Bulletin, 48, 201–207.
Sarason, S. B. (1952). Individual psychotherapy with mentally defective individuals. American Journal of Mental Deficiency, 56, 803–805.
Sarason served as president of the Division of Clinical Psychology of the American Psychological Association from 1978-1979. A selection of Sarason's notable publications within the field of clinical psychology, including test anxiety research, include:
Sarason, S. B. (1954). The clinical interaction: With special reference to the Rorschach. New York, NY: Harper.
Sarason, S. B., Davidson, K. S., Lighthall, F. F., Waite, R. R., & Ruebush, B. K. (1960). Anxiety in elementary school children. Oxford, England: John Wiley.
Sarason, S. B. (1985). Caring and Compassion in Clinical Practice. Northvale, NJ: Jason Aronson, Inc.
Sarason also wrote about career expectations, published an autobiography, and wrote a novel:
Sarason, S. B. (1977). Work, aging, and social change: Professionals and the one life-one career imperative. New York, NY: Free Press.
Sarason, S. B. (1988). The making of an American psychologist: An autobiography. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
Sarason, S. B. (2005). St. James and Goldstein at Yale. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse, Inc.
Honors and awards
Sarason received many awards from multiple organizations. These awards include:
Award for Distinguished Contribution to Clinical Psychology from the American Psychological Association (1969)
Distinguished Contribution Award from the Divisions of Education and Psychology of the American Association on Mental Deficiency (1973)
The Special Award in the Field of Mental Retardation from the American Association on Mental Deficiency (1974)
The Award for Distinguished Contributions to Community Psychology and Mental Health from the American Psychological Association Division 27 (1975)
American Psychological Association Award for Distinguished Contributions to Psychology in the Public Interest (1984)
Lifetime Contribution to Education Award from the American Federation of Teachers (1989)
Distinguished Service Medal from the Teachers College at Columbia University (1989)
Gold Medal Award for Lifetime Contributions by a Psychologist in the Public Interest from the American Psychological Foundation (1996)
Sarason received three honorary degrees:
Doctor of Humane Letters from Syracuse University (1983)
Doctor of Science from Queens College at the City University of New York (1985)
Doctor of Humane Letters from Rhode Island College (1988)
To honor Sarason's legacy, in 1993 the Society for Community Research and Action, Division 27 of the American Psychological Association, established the Seymour B. Sarason Award for Community Research and Action.
Personal life
While working toward his Ph.D. at Clark University, Sarason met Esther Kroop, a fellow graduate student. Sarason married Esther Kroop in 1943, and they had one daughter, Julie. After 50 years of marriage, Esther died in a car accident in 1993. Later in his life, Sarason's companion was Dr. Irma Janoff Miller. Sarason was described as an incredibly warm and welcoming man who made a positive impact on the lives of many students, colleagues, and scholars. Sarason died on January 28, 2010 in New Haven, Connecticut at the age of 91.
References
External links
"Seymour B. Sarason, Leader in Community Psychology, Dies at 91." New York Times, Feb. 8, 2010, by William Grimes.
1919 births
2010 deaths
American educators
American psychologists
20th-century American Jews
People from Brownsville, Brooklyn
21st-century American Jews |
4013783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phillip%20Scott%20%28actor%29 | Phillip Scott (actor) | Phillip Scott (born 16 August 1952 in Sydney) is an Australian actor, singer, pianist, writer and comedian.
Career
He has appeared on film as well as in sketch comedy television programs. His television appearances include The Dingo Principle and Three Men and a Baby Grand, satirical sketch television comedy programs for which he was a writer/performer with Jonathan Biggins and Drew Forsythe. He also appeared with Max Gillies in The Gillies Report and its sequels, The Gillies Republic and Gillies and Company, and was a writer/performer on ABC TV's The Big Gig and a regular writer for Good News Week.
He (wrote the music for, played piano) and Max Gillies starred in "Night of National Reconciliation" during 1983 at Kinselas, Taylor Square, Darlinghurst, Sydney.
From 2000 to 2017 he co-wrote, composed and performed as an actor/musician in the award-winning Wharf Revue series of political satirical revues for the Sydney Theatre Company, including Free Petrol, Sunday in Iraq with George, Much Revue About Nothing, Pennies from Kevin and Open for Business. Other cabaret shows include The Twink and the Showgirl with Vincent Hooper, and co-writing script (with Dean Bryant) and musical arrangements for the bio-show Newley Discovered which premiered at the Adelaide Cabaret Festival in 2009 and starred Hugh Sheridan. Phillip co-created several shows with singer/actor Trevor Ashley, including Gentlemen Prefer Blokes, Fat Swan, Little Orphan Trashley, and the tribute shows Diamonds Are For Trevor and Liza's Back (Is Broken). His recent cabaret shows (as writer and performer) are Mario, about the life and music of Mario Lanza, with Blake Bowden, and Reviewing the Situation, about the English songwriter Lionel Bart. The latter show was co-written and directed by Terence O'Connell, and was nominated for a Helpmann Award in 2016.
His musical theatre writing credits (as composer and/or co-writer) include Safety in Numbers for the Q Theatre and Ensemble Theatre, a new libretto of Orpheus in the Underworld for Opera Australia (2003, revised 2015), and the AWGIE Award-winning musical The Republic of Myopia (2004). The Sydney Theatre Company production of The Republic of Myopia starred Helen Dallimore, Tamsin Carroll and Simon Gleeson. He was script consultant on the book of Priscilla, Queen of the Desert – the Stage Musical (2006). He also wrote music and lyrics for Monkey Baa Theatre Company's children shows Pearlie in the Park (based on the book by Wendy Harmer), Millie and Jack and the Dancing Cat, and Pete the Sheep (based on the book by Jackie French). Another upcoming Jackie French adaptation, Josephine Wants to Dance is slated for 2018.
Scott composed the score for the feature film Those Dear Departed, for which he was nominated for an AFI Award. Scott also co-wrote the music for the miniseries Bodyline.
He has written four novels. Three have been published in the United States by Alyson Books: One Dead Diva, Gay Resort Murder Shock and Mardi Gras Murders. He has written weekly columns for Sydney's free papers SX and The Sydney Star Observer.
Scott has a music degree from the University of Sydney, and writes reviews for the international classical CD magazine Fanfare and the Australian national music magazine "Limelight".
Personal life
Scott was married and has two daughters. He has been in a relationship with his partner Michael for over twenty years. His elder daughter, Dr. Phoebe Scott, is a curator at the National Gallery of Singapore. His younger daughter, Georgie Scott, is an actress.
References
External links
1952 births
Australian male stage actors
Australian male film actors
Australian male television actors
Australian male musical theatre actors
Australian pianists
Australian male comedians
Australian male composers
Australian composers
Australian male singers
Australian male novelists
Living people
People from Sydney
Australian musical theatre composers
LGBT singers from Australia
Male pianists
21st-century pianists
21st-century Australian male musicians
21st-century Australian musicians |
4013786 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochschild%20Kohn%27s | Hochschild Kohn's | Hochschild Kohn's, also known as Hochschild-Kohn or simply Hochschild's, was a 20th-century American department store chain based in Baltimore, Maryland. It was started in 1897 as a partnership between Max Hochschild, Benno Kohn, and his brother Louis B. Kohn. Hochschild-Kohn & Company opened that year with a downtown-Baltimore store on the northwest corner of Howard and Lexington Streets. The chain closed in 1984.
History
The company prospered and in 1912 purchased a building at 208 N. Howard Street. When incorporated in 1922, Hochschild-Kohn was Baltimore's largest department store. Space needs led to the purchase of most of the block bounded by Howard, Franklin, Park, and Centre Streets in 1923 in anticipation of building a new, more modern and spacious store, but financial difficulties and Max Hochschild's retirement as president led to the plan's abandonment. (The building now standing at the Howard and Lexington location echoes some of the original building's semi-circular arched door and window profiles.)
Benno Kohn died in 1929. Management then consisted of Irving Kohn (Louis' son) president; Walter Sondheim and Walter Kohn, vice-presidents. Although financed by corporate stock, Hochschild-Kohn was still run as a partnership. At that time plans for a new building at Howard and Franklin Streets were abandoned, and the Lexington Street building was leased, improved, and connected to the Howard and Lexington Street property.
During the Great Depression, Hochschild-Kohn lost more in sales percentages than the aggregate sales lost by other Baltimore department stores. Sales were down almost fifty percent from 1930 in the Depression's worst year. Management also suffered from discord between Irving and Walter Kohn, who retired in 1935. Management then consisted of Irving Kohn, Walter Sondheim, and Martin Kohn. After illness caused Walter Sondheim to be less active in 1943, and Irving Kohn's death in 1945, Martin B. Kohn became president of the store. Louis Kohn II and Walter Sondheim Jr. were his vice-presidents.
Martin B. Kohn pioneered the suburban expansion of downtown department stores with the opening of Hochschild-Kohn's Edmondson Village store in 1947. Later expansion included stores at York Road and Belvedere Avenue in northern Baltimore in 1948, known as the Hochschild, Kohn Belvedere store, and at Harundale Mall south of the city. Other locations included Security Square Mall in Woodlawn and The Mall in Columbia in Columbia. In December 1969 Supermarkets General purchased Hochschild's and did not divulge its purchase price. Under Supermarkets General, Hochschild Kohn adopted a "compete-or-get-trampled-on" outlook. The company's York, Pennsylvania store opened on September 27, 1968, followed by its large The Mall in Columbia location on August 2, 1971. Chairman Louis B. Kohn II called the Columbia store's opening, "A start of a new era for Hochschild's." Other later locations included Freestate Mall in Bowie, Maryland. The Bowie location was the last Hochschild's to open. By 1984, Supermarket's General had closed Hochschild's as a chain, and many Hochschild-Kohn stores were purchased by Hutzler's later that year. These stores included locations such as Harundale Mall and Security Square Mall, which at the time was the highest volume store for Hochschild's.
The Hochschild, Kohn Belvedere store was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2003.
References
Pathmark and Its Super Stores
Hochschild Kohns History
Supermarkets General Holding Company
External links
Introduction to the Hochschild, Kohn Collection 1896-1981 in the library of the Maryland Historical Society
Hutzler's plans bigger volume, more outlets
Defunct department stores based in Maryland
Retail companies established in 1897
Retail companies disestablished in 1983
Defunct companies based in Baltimore
Department stores on the National Register of Historic Places
Commercial buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Baltimore |
4013787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Looney%20Tunes%20Golden%20Collection%3A%20Volume%204 | Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 4 | Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 4 is a DVD box set that was released by Warner Home Video on November 14, 2006.
This Looney Tunes collection is the first one where every disc in the collection has a special theme. Disc one is Bugs Bunny. Disc two is devoted to cartoons directed by Frank Tashlin. Disc three is dedicated to Speedy Gonzales cartoons. Disc four features Sylvester, plus lesser known feline characters such as Conrad the Cat and Claude Cat, among others. Previous Golden Collections included at least one All-Stars disc with no common theme.
Like Volume 3, Volume 4 contains a warning about the politically incorrect humor and racial stereotypes in some of the cartoons, but unlike Volume 3's warning, which was a filmed introduction done by Whoopi Goldberg, Volume 4 simply presents a title card before the main menu with the following:
The Region 2 version contains only 53 shorts; 11 on Disc 2, and 14 on each of the others.
Related releases
Akin to Volume 2 and 3, Disc 1 was released separately in Region 4 as Best of Bugs Bunny, Volume 4, while the other discs were not released in the same format.
In Region 1, discs 1 and 4 were also released separately as the more family-friendly Looney Tunes Spotlight Collection: Volume 4.
Disc 1 - Bugs Bunny Favorites
All cartoons on this disc star Bugs Bunny.
Special features
Audio bonuses
Audio commentaries
Eric Goldberg on Rabbit Hood and Mississippi Hare
Paul Dini on Operation: Rabbit and Hurdy-Gurdy Hare
Jerry Beck on 8 Ball Bunny
June Foray and Jerry Beck on Rabbit Romeo
Music only tracks on Knight-mare Hare, Sahara Hare, Barbary Coast Bunny, To Hare Is Human and Rabbit Romeo
Music and effects track on Operation: Rabbit and Southern Fried Rabbit
Behind the Tunes
Twilight in Tunes: The Music of Raymond Scott
Powerhouse in Pictures
From the Vault
Bugs Bunny: Superstar, part 1 (1975), which contains the following shorts:
What's Cookin' Doc? (1944)
The Wild Hare (1940)
A Corny Concerto (1943)
I Taw a Putty Tat (1948)
Fifty Years of Bugs Bunny in 3 ½ Minutes - (1989)
The Bugs Bunny Show
Ballpoint Puns Bridging Sequences
Foreign Legion Leghorn recording sessions
Trailer Gallery:
Bugs Bunny's Cartoon Carnival
Bugs Bunny's All-Star Revue
Disc 2 - A Dash of Tashlin
All cartoons on this disc are directed by Frank Tashlin.
Special features
Audio commentaries
Mark Kausler on The Case of the Stuttering Pig and Porky in the North Woods Michael Barrier with Frank Tashlin on Now That Summer is Gone, Cracked Ice and Porky's Poultry Plant Daniel Goldmark on You're an Education Greg Ford on Plane Daffy and I Got Plenty of Mutton Jerry Beck on Puss n' Booty Eddie Fitzgerald on The Stupid CupidFrom the Vault
Bugs Bunny: Superstar, part 2, which contains the following shorts:
Rhapsody Rabbit (1946)
Walky Talky Hawky (1946)
My Favorite Duck (1942)
Hair-Raising Hare (1946)
The Old Grey Hare (1944)
Porky and Daffy in "The William Tell Overture"
Frank Tashlin Storybooks
Little Chic’s Wonderful Mother
Tony and Clarence
Private Snafu shorts
The Goldbrick (1943)
The Home Front (1943)
Censored (1944)
Disc 3 - Speedy Gonzales in a FlashAll cartoons on this disc star Speedy Gonzales.Special features
Audio bonuses
Audio commentaries
Stan Freberg and Jerry Beck on Cat-Tails for TwoGreg Ford with Friz Freleng on Mexican BoardersArt Leonardi and Jerry Beck on Nuts and VoltsPaul Dini on The Wild Chase Music only track on Tabasco Road, Mexicali Schmoes, and West of the Pesos Music and effects track on Cat-Tails for TwoFrom the Vault
90 Day Wondering (1956 Army reenlistment film by Chuck Jones)
Drafty, Isn’t It? (1957 Army recruitment film by Chuck Jones)
OthersFriz on Film (new 1-hour documentary)
Disc 4 - Kitty Korner
Special features
Audio bonuses
Audio commentaries
Greg Ford with Chuck Jones on Conrad the SailorEddie Fitzgerald on The Aristo-CatGreg Ford with Chuck Jones on The Aristo-CatJerry Beck on Dough Ray Me-owDaniel Goldmark on Pizzicato PussycatJune Foray and Jerry Beck on The Unexpected Pest Music only tracks on Cat Feud, The Unexpected Pest, and Go Fly a Kit Music and effects track on A Peck o' TroubleBehind the Tunes
One Hit Wonders
Sing-a-Song of Looney Tunes
The Art of the Gag
Wild Lines: The Art of Voice Acting
Looney Tunes: A Cast of Thousands
From the Vault
Porky’s Breakdowns'' (1939 joke reel with Porky swearing) (unavailable on UK release)
Sahara Hare Storyboard Reel
Porky’s Poor Fish Storyboard Reel
See also
Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography
Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1929–1939)
Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1940–1949)
Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1950–1959)
Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1960–1969)
Looney Tunes and Merrie Melodies filmography (1970–present and miscellaneous)
List of Bugs Bunny cartoons
Notes
References
External links
Bugs Bunny/Looney Tunes Comedy Hour, The - Complete List of Volume 4 Shorts at tvshowsondvd.com
Looney Tunes home video releases |
4013790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laggan%2C%20Great%20Glen | Laggan, Great Glen | Laggan () is a small village in the Great Glen, in the Highland region of Scotland. The older, longer Gaelic name is Lagan Achaidh Droma, "hollow at the field of the ridge".
Geography
Laggan is often considered to be two separate settlements, North Laggan and South Laggan, about one mile apart, both situated between Loch Lochy and Loch Oich. The Caledonian Canal passes by Laggan, linking these two lochs. Laggan Locks, a flight of two locks, connects the canal to Loch Oich.
The main A82 road between Glasgow and Inverness passes through Laggan, crossing the canal at Laggan Swing Bridge.
The Great Glen Way long-distance footpath passes by Laggan, running alongside the canal and following the old railway line.
History
The Battle of the Shirts was fought nearby in July 1544 between the Macdonalds of Rannald and Clan Fraser of Lovat in the Great Glen, overlooking Loch Lochy.
The Invergarry and Fort Augustus Railway once passed by Laggan. This line opened in 1896, with Invergarry railway station situated at North Laggan. The line closed to passengers in 1933, and to freight in 1947.
Gallery
References
Villages in Highland (council area) |
4013800 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Password%20notification%20email | Password notification email | Password notification email is a common password recovery technique used by websites. If a user forgets their password then a password notification email is sent containing enough information for the user to access their account again. This method of password retrieval relies on the assumption that only the legitimate owner of the account has access to the inbox for that particular email address.
The process is often initiated by the user clicking on a forgotten password link on the website where, after entering their username or email address, the password notification email would be automatically sent to the inbox of the account holder. This email may contain a temporary password or a URL that can be followed to enter a new password for that account. The new password or the URL often contain a randomly generated string of text that can only be obtained by reading that particular email.
Another method used is to send all or part of the original password in the email. Sending only a few characters of the password, can help the user to remember their original password, without having to reveal the whole password to them.
Security Concerns
The main issue is that the contents of the password notification email can be easily discovered by anyone with access to the inbox of the account owner. This could be as a result of shoulder surfing or if the inbox itself is not password protected. The contents could then be used to compromise the security of the account. The user would therefore have the responsibility of either securely deleting the email or ensuring that its contents are not revealed to anyone else. A partial solution to this problem, is to cause any links contained within the email to expire after a period of time, making the email useless if it is not used quickly after it is sent.
Any method that sends part of the original password means that the password is stored in plain text and leaves the password open to an attack from hackers. This is why it is typical for newer sites to create a new password generate a token. If the site gets hacked the password contained within could be used to access other accounts used by the user, if that user had chosen to use the same password for two or more accounts. Additionally emails are often not secure so, unless the email had been encrypted prior to being sent, the contents could be read by anyone who eavesdrops on the email.
References
Password authentication |
4013803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perioperative | Perioperative | The perioperative period is the time period of a patient's surgical procedure. It commonly includes ward admission, anesthesia, surgery, and recovery. Perioperative may refer to the three phases of surgery: preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative, though it is a term most often used for the first and third of these only - a term which is often specifically utilized to imply 'around' the time of the surgery. The primary concern of perioperative care is to provide better conditions for patients before operation (sometimes construed as during operation) and after operation.
Perioperative care
Perioperative care is the care that is given before and after surgery. It takes place in hospitals, in surgical centers attached to hospitals, in freestanding surgical centers, or health care providers' offices. This period is used to prepare the patient both physically and psychologically for the surgical procedure and after surgery. For emergency surgeries this period can be short and the patient may be oblivious to this; for elective surgeries 'preops', as they are called, can be quite lengthy. Information obtained during preoperative assessment is used to create a care plan for the patient.
Findings from a systematic review of perioperative advance care planning suggest the importance and value that various types of decision aids have for patients to clarify their goals and specify others who can make decisions for them in case of unexpected surgical difficulties.
Phases
Preoperative
The preoperative phase is used to perform tests, attempt to limit preoperational anxiety and may include the preoperative fasting.
Intraoperative
The intraoperative period begins when the patient is transferred to the operating room table and ends with the transfer of a patient to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU). During this period the patient is monitored, anesthetized, prepped, and draped, and the operation is performed. Nursing activities during this period focus on safety, infection prevention, opening additional sterile supplies to the field if needed and documenting applicable segments of the intraoperative report in the patients Electronic Health Record. Intraoperative radiation therapy and Intraoperative blood salvage may also be performed during this time.
Postoperative
The postoperative period begins after the transfer to the Post Anesthesia Care Unit (PACU) and terminates with the resolution of the surgical sequelae. It is quite common for the last of this period to end outside of the care of the surgical team. It is uncommon to provide extended care past the discharge of the patient from the PACU.
See also
Pre-anesthesia checkup
References
External links
AORN - Association of periOperative Registered Nurses
AfPP - Association for Perioperative Practice
Evidence Based Perioperative Medicine
Surgery |
4013810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray%20Parker | Murray Parker | Norman Murray Parker (born 28 August 1948) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in three Test matches and one One Day International during 1976.
His highest first-class cricket score was 135 in his first game for Canterbury in 1973–74, in a team total of 225.
Beyond cricket
His brother John also played for New Zealand and was in the team with Murray for his four international matches. His son Mark was also a promising cricketer, but his professional career was cut short when he was killed in the 2002 Bali bombings.
Murray was a Science and Physical Education teacher at Timaru Boys' High School between 1971 and 2013.
References
External links
1948 births
Living people
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand One Day International cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Otago cricketers
Cricketers from Dannevirke
University of Otago alumni
South Island cricketers |
4013838 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobster-tailed%20pot%20helmet | Lobster-tailed pot helmet | The lobster-tailed pot helmet, also known as the zischägge, horseman's pot and harquebusier's pot, was a type of post-Renaissance combat helmet. It became popular in Europe, especially for cavalry and officers, from c. 1600; it was derived from an Ottoman Turkish helmet type. The helmet gradually fell out of use in most of Europe in the late 17th century; however, the Austrian heavy cavalry retained it for some campaigns as late as the 1780s.
Origin
The lobster-tailed pot helmet had an oriental origin, being derived from the Ottoman Turkish çiçak (pronounced 'chichak', Turkish – çiçek Çiçek means flower in Turkish which is attributed to the shape of the helmets top side) helmet, which developed in the 16th century. It was adopted by the Christian states of Europe in the early 17th century. The chichak was almost identical to the later European helmets – it had a forward projecting peak, sliding bar nasal, cheekpieces and neck guard; only its tendency to have a conical rather than rounded skull was distinctive. The European derivative of this helmet saw widespread use during the Thirty Years War when it became known as the zischägge, a Germanisation of the original Turkish name.
Characteristics
The lobster-tailed pot had a rounded skull-piece, which was sometimes fluted. The skulls of English-made helmets were usually formed from two sections, joined by a raised comb running from front to back; the skulls of helmets manufactured on the continent were most often raised from a single-piece of metal. Cheekpieces, commonly made in one piece but occasionally articulated, were attached to the skull by leather strapping; however, the better quality examples are sometimes hinged. To protect the face there was either a fixed forward projecting peak that incorporated a sliding nasal bar retained by a large screw, or a hinged peak with three attached bars. Finally, the helmet had a laminated defence (or a single-piece of plate ridged to imitate separate lames) to protect the back of the head and neck that was said to resemble the tail of a lobster. Another common name for the helmet was the "harquebusier's pot", the harquebusier being the most common type of cavalry in Western Europe during the 17th century. The single nasal-bar type was characteristic of Continental Europe, whilst the three-barred type with a pivoting peak was more widely used in the British Isles. Many European-made lobster-tailed pot helmets were later imported to Britain during the English Civil War. Occasionally, older helmets like the burgonet or sallet were modified to resemble the 'lobster-pot.' As stated by General George Monck in 1644, the "headpiece with three small bars" was intended to be pistol-proof.
Decoration and appearance
The appearance and finish of lobster-tailed pots varied greatly, from the highly decorated, superb-quality examples made for individual commanders down to crudely executed "munition-quality" types, which were mass-produced to equip large numbers of ordinary cavalry troopers. High quality helmets could be decorated using a range of techniques, including repoussé, engraving and blue-and-gilt finishes. An extant helmet made for King James II of England had the three bar face defence replaced by a pierced openwork plate depicting the full royal arms of England, sight being afforded by spaces within the design. Many helmets were blackened or browned as a treatment to weatherproof them and protect against rust. The better quality helmets given this treatment would often have had their sombre appearance relieved by the use of numerous gilded rivet heads. Some of the most flamboyantly decorated helmets were produced for the Polish winged hussars, with metal crests and enlarged, decoratively shaped, nasals being not uncommon. A number of extant helmets have tubular plume-holders attached, this, taken with the evidence of contemporary illustrations, indicates the use of feather plumes.
Use
This form of helmet was widely used during the Thirty Years War and English Civil War; it was commonly known as a zischägge in Germany and a 'horseman's pot' or 'three-barred pot' in Britain; the term 'lobster-tailed pot' is widely used in modern scholarship. The typical cavalryman of the period, the harquebusier, would have worn the helmet with a buff coat, bridle-hand gauntlet and breastplate and backplate. It was also sometimes worn by a more heavily armoured type of cavalry, the cuirassier, combined with three-quarter armour. It was used by cavalry on both sides of the English Civil War including Oliver Cromwell's Ironside cavalry. The common misconception of Cavaliers wearing plumed wide-brimmed hats whilst the Roundheads wore helmets is definitively disproved by a surviving order signed by Charles I himself for 33 'potts', along with other cavalry armour, for the use of his own troop of horse in 1642. Another order, this time from the Parliamentarian authorities, dating to 1644 for 300 "potts with three barres English" indicates that each helmet, no doubt of basic quality, cost 7 shillings.
Similar helmets were worn in the 17th century by Polish winged hussars and were termed "szyszak" in Polish, again a derivative of the original Turkish name. Austrian cuirassiers were equipped with the lobster-tailed pot helmet as late as the 1780s, long after its use had died out elsewhere, when campaigning against the Ottoman Turks.
Gallery
Notes
References
Blackmore, D. (1990) Arms & Armour of the English Civil Wars, Trustees of the Royal Armouries.
Brzezinski, R. (McBride, A. - illustrator) (1987) Polish Armies 1569-1696 (1), Osprey Publishing, London.
Bull, S. (1991) An Historical Guide to Arms and Armour, Studio Editions, London,
Haythornthwaite, P. (1994) The Austrian Army, 1740-1780: Cavalry Osprey Publishing.
Oakeshott, Ewart (1980) European Weapons and Armour: From the Renaissance to the Industrial Revolution. Lutterworth Press.
Robinson, H.R., (2002) Oriental Armour, Courier Dover Publications.
Tincey, J. (McBride, A. - illustrator) (1990) Soldiers of the English Civil War (2) Cavalry, Osprey Publishing,
Early Modern helmets
New Model Army
Western plate armour
English Civil War
be:Ерыхонка
ru:Ерихонка |
4013843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ettore%20Muti | Ettore Muti | Ettore Muti (2 May 1902 – 24 August 1943) was an Italian aviator and Fascist politician. He was party secretary of the National Fascist Party (Partito Nazionale Fascista, or PNF) from October 1939 until shortly after the entry of Italy into World War II on 10 June 1940.
World War I and Fiume
Born in Ravenna, Romagna, Muti was banned from any school in the country at age 13, after punching one of his teachers. The next year, he ran away from home in order to fight in World War I, but was recovered and returned by the Carabinieri. At 15, a new attempt was successful, and Muti joined the famed Arditi.
On the front, Muti distinguished himself through feats of audacity. His detachment of 800 men was ordered to establish a bridgehead under enemy fire: it managed to do so, but was only left with 23 members at the end of the day. Gabriele D'Annunzio benefited from Muti's services during his seizing of Fiume (now Rijeka, Croatia) in September 1919-January 1921; he gave Muti the lasting moniker Gim dagli occhi verdi ("Green-Eyed Jim"). In fact, Muti was rarely involved in fighting over Fiume, being more likely to engage in flamboyant stunts. D'Annunzio told Muti: "You are the expression of Superhuman values, a weightless impetus, a boundless offering, a fistful of incense over the embers, the scent of a pure soul".
Between the world wars
During this time, Muti met Benito Mussolini, for whom he developed a lasting fascination. A Fascist as soon as the Fiume episode came to an end, he was arrested on several occasions. On 29 October 1922, he was head of the squad that occupied Ravenna City Hall during the March on Rome. After the taking over of the state, Ettore Muti made a career in the Blackshirts, organized as the "Voluntary State Security Militia" (Milizia Volontaria per la Sicurezza Nazionale, MVSN).
His life remained adventurous: a womanizer and entertaining host, Muti cruised in speeding cars or on his Harley Davidson. In 1926 he married Fernanda Mazzoti, the daughter of a banker, and, in 1929, fathered his only child Diana. He escaped an assassination attempt carried out by a left-wing activist on 13 September 1927, but was shot twice in his abdomen and arm, as a result. His survival was uncertain for a period of time, and he was left with a 20 cm scar.
He joined the Regia Aeronautica (Italian air force), developing a passion for aircraft - he accepted demotion to lieutenant, according to the practical requirements of the service. He flew during the Second Italo-Abyssinian War in 1935-1936, where his skills as a pilot earned him a Silver Medal of Military Valor.
In 1936 he returned to Italy, but left soon after as a volunteer on Francisco Franco's side in the Spanish Civil War, fighting under the pseudonym Gim Valeri. He led a squadron of bombers over Republican ports, winning several silver medals, and, in 1938, a Gold Medal of Military Valor. He returned with the new moniker Cid alato ("The Winged El Cid") and the prestigious Military Order of Savoy. Later in 1938, he left for Italian-influenced Albania, staying on through its full occupation by the Italians in 1939 (and winning another medal).
In World War II
Upon his return, Muti was awarded the PNF party secretary position replacing Achille Starace. He was awarded this position based on the intervention of his friend Galeazzo Ciano. However, Muti disliked this inactive duty, and profited from the outbreak of the war to return in the military. As a lieutenant colonel, Muti participated during the Italian invasion of France, during the long-range bombing of Haifa and Bahrain, and during the Battle of Britain. However, his hasty departure from his party secretary position made him lose the friendship of both Ciano and Mussolini.
In 1943, Muti joined the military intelligence service. On 25 July, the day of the pro-Allied coup d'état in the Grand Council of Fascism, Muti was in Spain, trying to obtain the radar set of a United States aircraft that had crashed on neutral territory. He returned to Rome on 27 July, and remained in his private villa. On the night of 23–24 August, a group of Carabinieri entered his residence and placed him under arrest. They all left through a pine forest surrounding the area, and the following moments are still mysterious. The official communiqué stated:
Following an investigation into major irregularities in the administration of a state-associated entity, during which the implication of the ex-secretary of the dissolved fascist party, Ettore Muti, has become apparent, the Carabinieri military corps proceeded in Muti's arrest at Fregene, near Fiumicino (then part of the comune of Rome), on the night of 23–24 August. As they led him to their barracks, the escort was shot at with several rounds from the forest. In the momentary disturbance, he attempted to run away, but, after being shot at and wounded by the Carabinieri, he died.
The major irregularities mentioned were never clarified, nor were the identities of shooters in the forest. In the dramatic gunfight, Muti was the only one hit: his cap displayed two holes, one in the back of the head, the other in front. Other circumstances point as well towards a political execution, with Ettore Muti as the first victim in the violence that engulfed Italy for the next two years. Pietro Badoglio, the leader who had deposed Mussolini, defined Muti as "a menace" in a letter he had previously sent to the head of the local police: it is likely that Muti was informed about the role of Badoglio in the catastrophic Italian defeat of Caporetto, a role that Badoglio in the years after World War I had tried to hide.
After his death, Muti became the main hero of Italian Fascist regime (revived in northern Italy with help from Nazi Germany, as the Italian Social Republic). His name was given to an autonomous Police Legion stationed in Milan and to one of the most feared Black Brigades units.
References
External links
1902 births
1943 deaths
People from Ravenna
Italian aviators
Italian fascists
Italian people of the Spanish Civil War
Italian military personnel killed in World War II
Italian Air Force personnel
Deaths by firearm in Italy
People murdered in Italy
Assassinated Italian politicians
Child soldiers in World War I
Regia Aeronautica personnel of World War II |
4013848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strawberry%20%28disambiguation%29 | Strawberry (disambiguation) | Strawberry is commonly the cultivated garden strawberry, Fragaria × ananassa.
Strawberry or Strawberries may also refer to:
Fragaria, the strawberry genus, or any of its species
Mock strawberry, the plant Potentilla indica
Places
Strawberry, Arizona
Strawberry, Arkansas
Strawberry, El Dorado County, California
Strawberry, Marin County, California
Strawberry, Tuolumne County, California, U.S.
Strawberry, Nevada, a ghost town
Strawberry, South Carolina
Strawberry, Utah
Strawberry Cirque, Antarctica
Strawberry Crater, Arizona, U.S.
Strawberry Creek, Berkeley, California, U.S.
Strawberry Field, a former children's home in Liverpool, England
Strawberry Hill (disambiguation), several places
Strawberry Island (Deception Pass, Washington), Island County, Washington, U.S.
Strawberry Island (Rosario Strait, Washington), Skagit County, Washington, U.S.
Strawberry Islands, Door County, Wisconsin, U.S.
Strawberry Lagoon, California, U.S.
Strawberry Line railway walk, U.K., a walkway along a former railway line and a model railway line
Strawberry Mountain (disambiguation), several peaks
Strawberry Peak, a mountain in California, U.S.
Strawberry Range, a mountain range in Oregon, U.S.
Strawberry Reservoir, Utah, U.S.
Strawberry River (Arkansas), U.S.
Strawberry River (Utah), U.S.
Strawberry Tree (disambiguation), several topics
Strawberry Valley, California, U.S.
People
Strawberry Saroyan, American journalist and author
Tamara Greene or Strawberry, exotic dancer
Family name
Darryl Strawberry (born 1962), American former baseball player
D. J. Strawberry, (born 1985), American-Cameroonian basketball player
Linda Strawberry, American artist, director, editor and musician
Art, entertainment, and media
Fictional characters
Ichigo Kurosaki or Strawberry, in the manga series Bleach
Ichigo Amano, in the manga series Yumeiro Pâtissière
Strawberry Shortcake, franchised character appearing on greetings cards etc.
"Strawberry", played by Tom Skeritt in Up In Smoke
Films
Strawberry (film), 2015 Tamil film
Music
Bands
Strawberry (band), Canadian indie band formed in 1993
Companies
Strawberries, defunct American record store chain acquired by Trans World Entertainment
Strawberry Studios, recording studio in Stockport, England
Albums
Strawberry (album), by Wussy
Strawberries (album), 1982 album by the Damned
Songs
"Strawberries" (song), 1997 song by Smooth
"Strawberry" (song), 1998 song by Nicole Renée* "Strawberries", by Asobi Seksu, 2007
"Strawberries", by Girl from Sheer Greed, 1980
"Strawberries", by Jerry Butler from Folk Songs, 1963
Other uses
Strawberry Perl, version of Perl programming language
Strawberry (bus operator), a bus company in England
See also
Barren Strawberry (disambiguation)
Strawberry Fields (disambiguation)
Strawberry generation, Chinese sociological term
Strawberry land hermit crab (Coenobita perlatus), a species of terrestrial hermit crab often kept as pets
Strawberry mark or hemangioma, a type of birthmark
Team Strawberry, American cycling team used in scientific research
Wild Strawberries (disambiguation)
English-language surnames |
4013850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Porter%20%28artist%29 | Howard Porter (artist) | Howard Porter is an American comic book artist from southern Connecticut.
Education
Howard Porter graduated from Paier College of Art in Connecticut where he majored in illustration. One of his teachers there was Frank McLaughlin. McLaughlin also worked as a comic book inker and he began to give Porter work assisting him in his inking jobs which led Porter to assist other inkers and eventually find work for himself in the industry.
Biography
Porter worked as a penciller and his first major run on a title came with DC Comics' The Ray (vol. 2) (1994–1995), where he worked with writer Christopher Priest. Shortly afterward, Porter worked on DC's summer 1995 crossover event Underworld Unleashed, with writer Mark Waid, followed by the Justice League of America relaunch, JLA (1997–2000), with writer Grant Morrison and inker John Dell.
Porter temporarily left comics to work in banking, doing graphic design work for Credit Suisse First Boston. He left that job in 2003 to open an artists' studio with comics artist Ron Garney. Porter returned to comics that year with a six-issue run of Marvel Comics' Fantastic Four, reuniting with writer Waid.
In July 2004, Porter signed a two-year exclusive contract with DC, and began as regular penciller of The Flash, with writer Geoff Johns and inker John Livesay.
In 2006, DC announced Porter would pencil the limited series The Trials of Shazam!, collaborating with writer Judd Winick. Unfortunately he was unable to finish the series because he severely injured his hand (severed a nerve and almost the entire tendon in his thumb) and had to take time out from comics for recovery. Unable to draw, he worked as a school bus driver until his return in late 2008, when he drew DC Universe: Decisions #2. He became the regular penciller on Titans and then was the first artist for the Doc Savage series. He also drew an issue of The Brave and the Bold featuring a team-up between Static and Black Lightning. He then became the regular penciler on DC Comics' Magog for the series' first ten issues, before being replaced by Scott Kolins.
As of 2016, Howard Porter is still drawing for DC Comics, with recent works including Superman Beyond, Justice League 3000, Superman and Scooby-Doo.
In September 2014, Porter was the artist put forward by DC to create the poster and key art for the UFC 181 MMA fight event. Porter - a huge fan of the UFC - created art featuring the main four fighters on the UFC 181 card as superheroes.
Bibliography
The Ray #0–11, 13, 14 (with Christopher Priest, DC Comics, 1994–1995)
Underworld Unleashed #1–3 (with Mark Waid, DC Comics, 1995)
JLA #1–7, 10–16, 18, 19, 22–25, 28–31, 34, 36–41, 43–45 (with Grant Morrison and Mark Waid, DC Comics, 1996–2000)
DC Secret Files – JLA: Secret Files & Origins #1 (with Grant Morrison and Mark Millar, DC Comics, August 1997
Fantastic Four #503–508 (with Mark Waid, Marvel Comics, 2003–2004)
The Flash Vol. 2 #207–211, 213–217, 220–225 (with Geoff Johns, DC Comics, December 2003 – August 2005)
The Trials of Shazam! #1–9 (with Judd Winick, 12-issue limited series, DC Comics, 2006–2007)
Countdown to Final Crisis #20, 18 (DC Comics, 2007)
DC Universe: Decisions #2, 4 (with Judd Winick and Bill Willingham, DC Comics, 2008)
Titans #7–11 (pencils, with Judd Winick, DC Comics, 2009)
Magog #1–7 (pencils, with Keith Giffen, DC Comics, 2009-2010)
Doc Savage #1–5 (with Paul Malmont, DC Comics, 2010)
Superman Beyond #1–20 (with JT Krul, DC Comics, 2012)
Justice League 3000 #1-4, 6-13, 15 (with Keith Giffen and JM DeMatteis, DC Comics, 2014-2015)
Justice League 3001 #1-3, 5 (with Keith Giffen and JM DeMatteis, DC Comics, 2015)
Superman Vol. 3 #45-48, 50 (with Gene Luen Yang, DC Comics, 2015-2016)
Scooby Apocalypse #1-7 (with Keith Giffen and JM DeMatteis, DC Comics, 2016)
Justice League vs. Suicide Squad #6 (with Joshua Williamson, DC Comics, 2017)
The Flash #21-22, 26-27, 33, 36, 47-50, 70-75, Annual 1 (with Joshua Williamson, DC Comics, 2017-2019)
Dark Knights Rising: The Wild Hunt #1 (with Scott Snyder, DC Comics, 2018)
Justice League/Aquaman: Drowned Earth #1 (with James Tynion, DC Comics, 2018)
Aquaman/Justice League: Drowned Earth #1 (with Scott Snyder, DC Comics, 2018)
Notes
References
Artists from Connecticut
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
4013853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Hilton | Arthur Hilton | Arthur Hilton (April 5, 1897 – October 15, 1979) was a British-born film editor and director.
Biography
Hilton was born in London and edited his first film in 1928. Shortly after, he immigrated to the US, where he worked on such films as the W. C. Fields classic comedies The Bank Dick (1940) and Never Give a Sucker an Even Break (1941), and Julien Duvivier’s portmanteau film Flesh and Fantasy (1943). Hilton was nominated for an Academy Award in 1946 for Best Film Editing for Robert Siodmak’s film noir The Killers.
Hilton later established himself as a director, with his film director credits including The Return of Jesse James (1950), The Big Chase (1954), and Cat-Women of the Moon (1953), the latter consider by The Encyclopedia of Science Fiction as "absurd [but] one of the most influential science-fiction films ever made.". Hilton's television director credits include Lassie, Mission: Impossible, Wanted Dead or Alive, and Police Story. Hilton was recognized by American Cinema Editors for his editing work on the 1977 mini-series Washington: Behind Closed Doors.
Selected filmography
1930: Captain Thunder
1931: The Virtuous Husband
1933: What Price Innocence?
1935: Swellhead
1938: Breaking the Ice
1940: The Bank Dick
1941: Keep 'Em Flying
1941: Man Made Monster
1942: Who Done It?
1942: Pardon My Sarong
1943: Flesh and Fantasy
1943: Crazy House
1944: Phantom Lady
1944: The Suspect
1944: Bowery to Broadway
1944: Ghost Catchers
1945: Scarlet Street
1945: Here Come the Co-Eds
1945: The Strange Affair of Uncle Harry
1945: The Naughty Nineties
1946: The Killers
1948: Let's Live a Little
1948: Secret Beyond the Door
1950: The Baron of Arizona
1950: The Return of Jesse James
1950: House by the River
1953: Cat-Women of the Moon
1954: The Big Chase
1973: Harry in Your Pocket
References
External links
1897 births
1979 deaths
British film editors
Recipients of the Austrian Decoration for Science and Art
Film people from London
British emigrants to the United States |
4013857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOAA%20Senior%20AA%20Hockey%20League | WOAA Senior AA Hockey League | The WOAA Senior AA Hockey League is a Canadian senior ice hockey league governed by the Western Ontario Athletic Association. The league operates in Southwestern Ontario.
History
Format
The league uses Hockey Canada playing rules but is not operated under the jurisdictions of the Ontario Hockey Association or Hockey Canada. The league is based in the Georgian Triangle and Southwestern Ontario. The league has been in existence since 1943, one year after the WOAA itself was established, and has entertained large crowds with local former Junior Hockey players and the odd former professional player. The league is rather large and features teams of both Senior "AA" and Senior "A" calibre. It is generally accepted that none of these teams could financially compete with the Senior "AAA" teams that compete for the Allan Cup.
The league is divided into two division that do not interlock until the playoffs. The WOAA consists of 17 teams, compared to the next biggest Ontario league, Major League Hockey, which has 5.
Intermediate B Era
From 1969 until 1977, the WOAA's premier division was an Intermediate B hockey league. Teams that were involved were the Mount Forest Rams, Arthur Tigers, Thornbury, Harriston Blues, Milverton Four Wheel Drives, Plattsville Combines, Seaforth, Durham 72's, Listowel, Lucknow, Crediton, Atwood, Ripley, Belgrave, and Kurtzville. The league was divided into as many as five divisions, Int. B, Major and Minor Int. C, and Major and Minor Int. D. The teams from the Major Int. C loop dominated the WOAA in terms of Grand Championships, winning 5 of 8. The most dominant teams were Mount Forest and Milverton.
Intermediate A Era
From 1977 until 1991, the WOAA promoted itself to the Intermediate A level. With four major loops: A, B, C, and D; the WOAA had a wide variety of teams, including the Durham 72's, Arthur Tigers, Brussels Crusaders, Lion's Head Northstars, Woodford Royals, Ripley Roosters, Drayton Comets, St. Clements Saints, Teeswater Falcons, Lucknow Lancers, Kincardine Kings, Dundalk Flyers, Monkton Wildcats, Mitchell Red Devils, and Tara Cyclones. As the league grew, they bought many smaller local senior leagues like the Central Ontario Hockey League, Central Grey-Bruce Hockey League and the Bruce Rural Hockey League, integrating many of their teams. In 1991, they came to grip with the times and dropped the Intermediate moniker, relabeling itself the WOAA Senior A Hockey League. In the 1980s, many teams jumped between the WOAA and the Ontario Hockey Association Senior leagues that attempted to operate in the area. This era ended in 1994 with the death of the WOAA Grand Championship. The final champions were the Durham Thundercats, who took it for the third straight year in 1994. From 1977 until 1994, the WOAA was dominated early on by Lion's Head and Woodford and later on by Brussels and Durham.
Senior AA Era
With the collapse of Ontario Hockey Association Senior hockey, the WOAA made the move to declare itself one level below Allan Cup competition with the Senior AA moniker in 1994. The league consolidated itself into one large league with different tiers of playoff championships: AA, A, and Sr. B until 1997. The Durham Thundercats proved to be the team to beat early on. Going back to the 1991–92 season, the Thundercats won 9 league championships in 15 years, including 6 out of 7 from the 1991–92 season until 1998. In 1995, the Tavistock Royals won the first ever WOAA Senior AA championship by taking the Durham Thundercats to seven games. The Thundercats avenged the loss by winning the next three Senior "AA" crowns. As time went on, the Milverton Four Wheel Drives reemerged as a powerhouse in the WOAA, dominating the league in 1999, 2000, and 2002. The Palmerston 81's and Elora Rocks also emerged as dominant forces later in the decade along with Tavistock as the Thundercats stranglehold on the league has loosened. The Saugeen Shores Winterhawks, based out of Port Elgin, have become the perennial team to beat since entering the league in 2007/08, winning the "AA" championship in 2009, 2011 and 2012.
Southern Expansion
As the league grows in popularity and proves itself with stability like no other Senior league in Ontario's history, the further South the league has been receiving applications for expansion. Despite Ilderton having a WOAA franchise in the 1950s, the league had not been that far south in a long time. In 2004, the WOAA allowed for the recreation of the famed Lucan-Ilderton Jets franchise, a team that dominated the Intermediate ranks in the 1960s and 1970s. The Jets, near London set a precedent for years to come. In 2006, the WOAA shocked many of its teams by confirming the expansion of the even more Southerly Thedford Dirty Dogs. In 2007, the WOAA turned down Eastern expansion to the Cooks Bay Canucks as that was not where the league was interested in going. In 2008, the Ontario Hockey Association was rocked by the defection of three of its five Major League Hockey Senior AAA teams. Two of them applied successfully for expansion into the WOAA, the Tillsonburg Vipers and the two-time Allan Cup champion Petrolia Squires. Also, the WOAA has made wind about further expansion to the South in former Senior AAA towns like Aylmer and Dorchester in the near future.
In the Summer of 2010, the WOAA decided to change the name of the league to the WOAA Senior AA Hockey League. Adding the "AA" designation was to help differentiate the league from Major League Hockey which carries a "AAA" designation. Also the league is to be divided into a Northern and Southern Conference with Northeast, Northwest, Southeast, and Southwest Divisions. The league as well wishes to promote expansion in the league, especially to the Southeast Division. Another change for 2010–11 is that there will only be one league championship for the first time in the league's modern history, as the league will drop both its second and third tier championships (Sr. A and Sr. B respectively). This was changed during the 2010–11 season, the Sr. A championship and qualifier round will still be gone but the Sr. B championship and its round robin will now be known as the Sr. A championship.
Back to One Division
By 2017, the league had shrunk to 14 teams, with the departures of Walkerton, Thedford, Monkton and Komoka. With the South Division down to six teams (eight in the North), the league reverted to one division with each team playing an unbalanced schedule to reduce travel costs.
The playoff format was revised, with the top-eight teams qualifying for the Sr. "AA" championship, while the remaining five teams played for the Sr. "A" championship.
This change did nothing to stop the dynasty in Clinton, with the Radars rattling off four consecutive championships.
Much like the rest of the world, the 2020 playoffs were stopped in the semi-final round, and ultimately cancelled, by the COVID-19 pandemic, resulting in no champion being crowned for the first time in over 70 years.
On September 25, 2020, the league announced the 2020–21 season was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
With COVID-19 restrictions loosened, the league returned for the 2021/22, with 13 teams in the fold. The Creemore Coyotes joined as an expansion team, while Elora and Tillsonburg withdrew.
The Ripley Wolves were in first place with an 11-2-1 record on January 4, 2022 when the arrival of the omicron variant of COVID-19 caused restrictions to be re-imposed, shutting down the league.
On January 12, 2022, the league announced the regular season had been declared complete and that the playoffs would begin upon resumption of play. Teams were ranked based on points-percentage due to the unequal number of games played.
The Seaforth Centenaires ended Clinton's reign as champions, knocking off the Radars in five games to capture the Sr. AA Championship.
Teams
Regular season was halted January 4, 2022 due to COVID-19 pandemic restrictions. Upon resumption of play, the season advanced directly to the playoffs
Past teams
Arthur Tigers
Brussels Crusaders
Dundalk Flyers
Durham Huskies
Drayton Comets
Drayton Icemen
Elora Rocks
Exeter Mohawks
Goderich Pirates
Grand Valley Tornados
Kincardine Kings
Komoka Classics
Lakeshore Winterhawks
Lion's Head Northstars
Listowel Jets
Lucan-Ilderton Jets
Mildmay Monarchs
Mitchell Red Devils
Monkton Wildcats
Mount Forest Rams
Nottawasaga River Rats
Palmerston 81's
Thedford Dirty Dogs
Tillsonburg Thunder
Walkerton Capitals
Wellesley Merchants
Wiarton Redmen
Wingham Bulls
Woodford Royals
Championships
WOAA Senior AA Champions
League Champion is Bolded.
WOAA Senior A & B Champions (1995–Present)
Late Intermediate Era (1978–1994)
Middle Intermediate Era (1970–1977)
Early Intermediate Era (1949–1969)
Other WOAA-sanctioned Championships
Central Grey-Bruce
1982 Tara
1981 Williamsford
1980 Desboro
1978 Chesley
Bruce County
1978 Chepstow
Central Ontario Hockey League
1982 Markdale Majors
1981 Honeywood
1980 Dundalk Flyers
See also
Western Ontario Athletic Association
Central Ontario Hockey League
References
External links
Western Ontario Athletic Association (WOAA)
WOAA Senior Hockey League
Clinton
Drayton
Exeter
Georgian Bay
Goderich
Lucan-Ilderton
Milverton
Monkton
Palmerston
Ripley
Saugeen Shores
Shallow Lake
Shelburne
Thedford
Tillsonburg
Walkerton
Wingham
Internet Hockey Database
2
Senior ice hockey |
4013859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jump%20Cut%20%28journal%29 | Jump Cut (journal) | Jump Cut: A Review of Contemporary Media is a journal covering the analysis of film, television, video, and related media. Established in 1974 by John Hess, Chuck Kleinhans (Northwestern University), and Julia Lesage (University of Oregon), it takes its name from the jump cut, a film editing technique in which an abrupt visual change occurs. The publication's stated goal is to approach its subject from a "nonsectarian left, feminist, and anti-imperialist" perspective.
History
Hess, Kleinhans, and Lesage met in Bloomington, Indiana while they were attending graduate school at Indiana University, circa 1970. Kleinhans remembers, "[W]e were actually sitting having a coffee in the university library and saying, 'We should start a film journal,' because John published something in Film Quarterly and Julia and I had published something too." After formulating the journal's principles and gathering articles during 1973, Jump Cut'''s first issue was released in 1974. Each editor contributed $1,000 toward each issue so that they could be free of advertising. Costs were kept low by publishing on newsprint in tabloid format and typing the copy on an electric typewriter (instead of having it typeset). Distribution was initially done by volunteers driving copies to newsstands in Chicagowhere Kleinhans and Lesage took college-teaching jobsand San Francisco/Berkeley, Californiawhere Hess settled. Jump Cut was published in print until 2001. Soon after, it began releasing issues online. As of September 1, 2019, its back issues are available on the Internet Archive for reading or downloading in a variety of formats.
See also
Political cinema
External links
Jump Cut, 1974-2000: The Internet Archive'' hosts a collection of all issues from the beginning until 2000.
References
Magazines about the media
Creative Commons-licensed journals
Feminist magazines
Magazines established in 1974
Magazines disestablished in 2001
Online magazines with defunct print editions
Magazines published in California |
4013864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20McEwan%20%28cricketer%29 | Paul McEwan (cricketer) | Paul Ernest McEwan (born 19 December 1953 in Christchurch) is a former New Zealand Test and ODI cricketer who played in four Tests and seventeen ODIs from 1980 to 1985. He played domestic cricket for Canterbury from 1977 to 1991. In the early 1990s, he set up the Canterbury Neonatal Unit Trust.
Career
McEwan received his secondary education at St Andrew's College, Christchurch, Graham Dowling's old school, and went on to pass Dowling's run-scoring record for Canterbury. He played for Old Collegians in Christchurch and Ian Cromb influenced him as a young club player. He made his first-class debut for Canterbury during the 1976–77 season.
McEwan was a hard-hitting, orthodox right-hand batsman and a right-arm medium-pace bowler. He scored consistently for Canterbury for over a decade. His best seasons were 1983–84, when he scored 713 runs at 59.41, and 1989–90, when, aged 36, he scored 758 runs at 44.58. In his last season, 1990–91, he scored over 500 runs at 43.41. One of the best examples of his attacking batting was when his 155 and 35-ball 50 against Auckland won the Shell Trophy for Canterbury in the last game of the 1983–84 season. In 1984–85 McEwan was brought in as a late replacement for the Young New Zealand tour of Zimbabwe under the captaincy of Jeff Crowe. He was the New Zealand team's highest scorer, with 364 runs at 91.00 in the four games, after a first-ball duck in the first.
McEwan made his Test debut in the 1979–80 series against the West Indies and toured Australia in 1980–81 and Pakistan in 1984–85. However, he was unable to convert his domestic form into success at international level.
McEwan had his Benefit Year for Canterbury (the first given by the province) during the 1988–89 season. During the 1990–91 season, McEwan's last, New Zealand Cricket published the New Zealand first-class Master-Blaster averages. The qualification was 500 runs. No one "batted a thousand" for the season, but the nearest was McEwan, who hit 521 runs off 618 balls with a strike rate of 843 per 1000 balls faced. An example of McEwan's strike power was his century at Lancaster Park against Northern Districts. Coming in fifteen minutes after lunch, he was 99 not out at tea, and totalled 103 off 108 balls.
While McEwan did not achieve success on the international stage, he ended his career as Canterbury's greatest run scorer (5940) with the most centuries (11). He was also the first player to make 100 appearances for Canterbury, ending his career with 103 games. In total, McEwan scored 6677 runs from 115 matches at 34.95 with twelve centuries and forty-three fifties. He had a highest score of 155 and he took 82 catches. With his bowling McEwan took 29 wickets at 38.79 with best figures of 3–25. His first class one-day career had brought 1643 runs from 77 matches at 23.81 with one century and eight fifties. McEwan had a highest score of 106 and he took 30 catches. He took 27 wickets at 36.44 with best bowling figures of 3–31.
McEwan told The Press, "Every ball I faced I endeavoured to score runs. There is so much dead cricket, so many balls just patted back. Garfield Sobers said the best line of defence is attack and I was always looking to dominate a game. I wanted to be on top of the game."
Family
McEwan's first son died two weeks after his birth following heart surgery. McEwan then had twin boys who also had a heart condition and spent 95 days on a ventilator. The McEwans set up the Neonatal Unit Trust Fund in response. In the 2022 Queen's Birthday and Platinum Jubilee Honours, he was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to neonatal care.
References
Books
.
Articles
External links
1953 births
Living people
People educated at St Andrew's College, Christchurch
Cricketers from Christchurch
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand One Day International cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers
Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit |
4013878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew%20Forsythe | Drew Forsythe | Drew Forsythe (born 23 August 1949) is an Australian actor, singer, writer, and comedian. He has appeared on film, stage, and television, as well as in satirical sketch comedy television programs.
Early life
Born in Sydney, New South Wales, Forsythe attended Atherton Primary School, far north Queensland.
Career
The title roles of the heroic Tonino and the foolish Zanetto in the Nick Enright/Terence Clarke musical, The Venetian Twins, were written for Forsythe. He originated these dual roles for Nimrod Theatre Company in the first Sydney Theatre Company season in 1979, and subsequently in two revivals. Other stage appearances include the Gilbert and Sullivan comic operas H.M.S. Pinafore and The Mikado for Essgee Entertainment, receiving a Melbourne Green Room Award as Ko-Ko in The Mikado in 1995.
For the film Caddie, Forsythe received the 1976 Australian Film Institute Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role. His television appearances include The Miraculous Mellops, The Dingo Principle, and Three Men and a Baby Grand, satirical sketch television comedy programs for which he was a writer/performer with Phillip Scott and Jonathan Biggins. The 'Three Men' team started in revue at the Tilbury Hotel, and much of the thematic material from these revues has been revisited and developed in the Sydney Theatre Company's 'Wharf Revue' series.
Forsythe provided the anonymous, uncredited voice of David Tench, a computer-animated host on Network Ten's short-lived comedy talk show David Tench Tonight. He also voiced several characters on the Australian award-winning animated series I Got a Rocket.
Forsythe is credited with writing and singing the theme song for the ABC's long-running Sunday morning radio program, Australia All Over, hosted by Ian McNamara. For more than thirty years when over 2 million listeners spanning every corner of Australia tune in from 5.30 am on Sunday mornings to listen to 'Macca' they are greeted by Forsythe's song - "Macca on a Sunday Morning".
Personal life
Forsythe's son, Abe Forsythe, is an actor and director.
References
External links
1949 births
Living people
Australian operatic baritones
Australian male comedians
Australian male film actors
Australian male singers
Australian male musical theatre actors
Australian male stage actors
Australian male television actors
Australian male voice actors
People from Sydney |
4013882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illarion%20Pryanishnikov | Illarion Pryanishnikov | Illarion Mikhailovich Pryanishnikov (; – ) was a Russian painter, one of the founders of the Peredvizhniki artistic cooperative, which broke away from the rigors of their time and became one of the most important Russian art schools of the late 19th century.
Biography
Illarion Pryanishnikov was born in the village of Timashovo in the Borovsky Uyezd of Kaluga Governorate (today's Borovsky District of Kaluga Oblast) in a family of merchants. From 1856 to 1866 he studied in the Moscow School of Painting, Sculpture and Architecture in the classes of Evgraf Sorokin and Sergey Zaryanko.
His picture Jokers. Gostiny Dvor in Moscow, painted in the last year of education, straight away brought to him a wide reputation. In this small canvas he gives an original solution of a theme of the humiliation of human dignity, callousness and cruelty in the world, where everything is bought and is sold. After depicting the tipsy merchants, who with a jeer are compelled to dance under the concertina and a poor elderly official, the artist authentically demonstrates a whole gallery of the specimens of moral deformity and complacent caddishness. The painting caused indignation in some adherents of official academic art who felt that the young painter appeared as the destroyer of the "high" destination of the art which was to express in the ideal form the eternal truths.
In 1870 Pryanishnikov received the title of the "painter of 1st degree". From 1873 until his death he was a teacher in the MSoPSA and his apprentices were Konstantin Korovin, Vitold Byalynitsky-Birulya, Mikhail Nesterov, Alexei Stepanov and others.
From the outset of the existence of the union of Peredvizhniks, he was a member, and from the second exhibition he was one of directors of the union. Although Pryanishnikov lived in mainly in Moscow, he often visited the Russian north where he sketched. He took part in the decoration of the original Cathedral of Christ the Saviour, which was demolished in 1931.
Pryanishnikov died in Moscow where one of the streets was named after him.
Gallery
References
External links
Biography
Article in Ogonyok
1840 births
1894 deaths
People from Borovsky District
People from Borovsky Uyezd
19th-century Russian painters
Russian male painters
Russian realist painters
Peredvizhniki
19th-century Russian male artists |
4013886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clyde%20Burghs%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 | Clyde Burghs (UK Parliament constituency) | Clyde Burghs, also known as Glasgow Burghs, was a district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of Great Britain (at Westminster) from 1708 to 1801 and of the House of Commons of the United Kingdom (also at Westminster) from 1801 to 1832. It elected one Member of Parliament (MP).
Creation
The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland burgh constituencies of Glasgow, Dumbarton, Renfrew and Rutherglen.
Boundaries
The constituency consisted of parliamentary burghs along the River Clyde and the Firth of Clyde: Dumbarton in the county of Dumbarton, Glasgow and Rutherglen in the county of Lanark, and Renfrew in the county of Renfrew.
History
The constituency elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until the seat was abolished for the 1832 general election.
When the district of burghs constituency was abolished in 1832 the Glasgow parliamentary burgh was merged into the then new two-member Glasgow constituency. The Dumbarton, Renfrew and Rutherglen burghs were combined with Kilmarnock burgh and Port Glasgow burgh in the then-new Kilmarnock Burghs constituency.
Members of Parliament
References
1708 establishments in Scotland
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1708
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1832
Historic parliamentary constituencies in Scotland (Westminster)
History of Glasgow
History of Renfrewshire
History of South Lanarkshire
History of West Dunbartonshire
Politics of Glasgow
Politics of Renfrewshire
Politics of South Lanarkshire
Politics of West Dunbartonshire |
4013888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuous%20tone | Continuous tone | A continuous tone image (contone for short, or CT even shorter) is one where each color at any point in the image is reproduced as a single tone, and not as discrete halftones, such as one single color for monochromatic prints, or a combination of halftones for color prints.
The most common continuous tone images are film photographs (digital latitude is not continuous!) Also see film latitude. Every single dot of which can take a continuous range of colors depending on the quantity of captured radiance. On the other hand, at a microscopic level, developed black-and-white photographic film consists of only two colors, and not an infinite range of continuous tones. For details, see film grain.
An example of a continuous-tone device is a CRT computer screen. Here, any pixel can represent any color, because the color components of the pixel are analog and can vary in infinite steps, and hence do not need halftones to make the colors. Of course, because the computer is a digital device, it cannot provide the CRT with infinite tone variations. In 24-bit color mode, it provides the monitor with 256 discrete steps for each channel (red, green, and blue), for a total of 16,777,216 (2563) discrete colors. A purely analog video signal (one that has not been manipulated by a computer of any kind) can provide infinite tone variations inside its own gamut.
A halftone device, in contrast, uses discrete dots of color, which at a certain distance look closely like the intended color. Examples of this are inkjet printers. Magazines and most printed material also use this technique to create the colors.
See also
Halftone
Printing terminology |
4013889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aurora%20Gonin%20Musume | Aurora Gonin Musume | Aurora Gonin Musume (オーロラ5人娘, Aurora's five daughters) was a short-lived J-Pop group, that made their debut on 7 April 1993 with the single "Cool Love" (クールな恋). The group's members were Chiemi Chiba, Reiko Chiba, Ichiko Hashimoto, Maki Yamashita and Reiko Yamashita.
(born 19--) is a Japanese J-Pop singer and was a member of this J-Pop group. She made her singing debut on 7 April 1993.
Japanese pop music groups |
4013901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River%20Blackwater%20%28River%20Test%29 | River Blackwater (River Test) | This River Blackwater drains small parts of the English counties of Hampshire and Wiltshire. It is a tributary of the River Test.
Course
It rises just to the east of the Wiltshire village of Redlynch, east of Salisbury. It then flows east into Hampshire, where it flows north of the village of Wellow and the hamlet of Wigley. The river turns south, passing under the M27 and past Broadlands Lake and the Testwood Lakes reservoirs, before joining the Test between Totton and Redbridge. The Environment Agency records the length of the main river as , with an additional for the watercourse from Redlynch to the confluence north of Hamptworth.
Water quality
The Environment Agency measures water quality of the river systems in England. Each is given an overall ecological status, which may be one of five levels: high, good, moderate, poor and bad. There are several components that are used to determine this, including biological status, which looks at the quantity and varieties of invertebrates, angiosperms and fish. Chemical status, which compares the concentrations of various chemicals against known safe concentrations, is rated good or fail.
Water quality of the River Blackwater in 2019:
See also
This River Blackwater should not be confused with the River Blackwater in north-east Hampshire, which is a tributary of the River Loddon and (indirectly) of the River Thames.
Another similarly named waterway in Hampshire is Black Water, a small stream which flows eastwards across the New Forest, passing under Rhinefield Ornamental Drive, before joining Ober Water and Highland Water just north of Brockenhurst to form the Lymington River.
References
Ordnance Survey (2004). OS Explorer Map OL22 - New Forest. .
Ordnance Survey (2004). OS Explorer Map 131 - Romsey, Andover & Test Valley. .
External links
Rivers of Hampshire
Rivers of Wiltshire
1Blackwater |
4013914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/.375%20H%26H%20Magnum | .375 H&H Magnum | The .375 H&H Magnum also known as .375 Holland & Holland Magnum is a medium-bore rifle cartridge introduced in 1912 by London based gunmaker Holland & Holland. The .375 H&H cartridge featured a belt to ensure the correct headspace, which otherwise might be unreliable, given the narrow shoulder of the cartridge case. The cartridge was designed to use cordite which was made in long strands – hence the tapered shape of the case, which, as a beneficial side effect also helped in smooth chambering and extraction from a rifle's breech.
The .375 H&H often is cited as one of the most useful all-round rifle cartridges, especially in shooting large and dangerous game. With bullet weights ranging from 270 grains (17 g) to 350 grains (23 g), it has the necessary punch for small to medium game, as well as large, thick-skinned dangerous game. The most common bullet weight available in this caliber is 300 grains (19 g). In many regions with thick-skinned dangerous game animals, the .375 H&H is seen as the minimum acceptable caliber, and in many places (primarily in Africa) it is now the legal minimum for hunting such game. African game guides, professional hunters, and dangerous game cullers have repeatedly voted the .375 H&H as their clear preference for an all-round caliber if they could have only one rifle. Alaskan game guides have expressed a similar preference for brown bear and polar bear country.
Unlike many other calibers, .375 H&H Magnum rifles achieve nearly the same point of impact over a wide range of bullet weights at all commonly used distances. This simplifies a hunter's choice in selecting different bullet weights, based upon the game hunted, by requiring fewer scope or sight adjustments, which further serves to popularize the .375 H&H Magnum among professional hunters.
History and origins
The .375 H&H Magnum is the result of competition between British rifle manufacturers to develop new cartridges to take advantage of the new smokeless powders. The 9.5×57mm Mannlicher–Schönauer cartridge had a major influence on British rifle manufacturers and was soon adopted by Westley Richards and Eley as the .375 Rimless Nitro Express 2.25". In an effort to compete, Holland & Holland introduced the .400/375 Belted Nitro Express.
.400/375 Belted Nitro Express was developed in 1905 and the 9.5×57mm MS – just in 1908.
The .400/375 H&H (also known as the .375 Velopex) as it is sometimes known was the first cartridge manufactured to feature a belt. The addition of a belt to a rimless cartridge design provided the advantage of allowing for correct headspacing of highly tapered cartridges (an advantage of flanged cartridges) and smooth feeding through magazine rifles (the advantage of rimless cartridges).
The introduction of the 9.3×62mm Mauser cartridge in 1905 had a profound and lasting influence on hunters in Africa. Compared to the British double rifles, the Mauser was a far less expensive rifle to manufacture and therefore cheaper to acquire. The double rifles gained little from industrialization whereas the Mauser rifles had gained from mass production due to contracts to produce military rifles for many countries. The result was cheap magazine rifles capable of firing one of the very best candidates for the all round hunting cartridge in Africa. The influence of Mauser's 98 action should not be understated; British gunmakers such as Rigby were purchasing the Mauser 98 actions for use in their own rifles with their own cartridges. The popularity of the 9.3×62mm Mauser was such that everyone from the German farmers in Africa to the white hunters from Europe discarded their previous doubles and less powerful magazine rifles and took to the 9.3×62mm. The 9.3×62mm demonstrated that it was adequate for everything from the dik-dik to the elephant and had acquired a reputation to match.
This trend did not go unnoticed by British rifle manufacturers. Between 1909 and 1911 Holland & Holland, Jeffery, Rigby, and Westley Richards introduced their own cartridges: .375 H&H Magnum, .404 Jeffery, .416 Rigby, and the .425 Westley Richards in an effort to stem the tide of the 9.3×62mm.
Holland & Holland decided that the rifle had to fire a bullet with an adequate sectional density as the bullet of the 9.3×62mm Mauser cartridge which had demonstrated that it had the required penetration on thick skinned dangerous game. Secondly, the cartridge would require a high velocity so as to provide this penetration at extended ranges. Thirdly, the cartridge must function reliably through a magazine rifle in tropical conditions and this required a tapered case working at lower pressures. Holland & Holland had determined that to provide adequate penetration a bullet with the sectional density similar to the 9.3×62mm required impact velocities of about . Drawing from anecdotal evidence of hunters it was also determined that high velocities provided impressive kills on game. Another added advantage of the high velocities was that a range misjudgment would be mitigated by the flatter trajectory of a HV projectile.
Holland & Holland’s new cartridge was named .375 Holland and Holland Magnum, and was released together with a flanged or rimmed version (.375 Flanged Magnum also known as the .375 Nitro Express). It featured the belt from the .400/375 H&H cartridge, fired a bullet which had the same sectional density of the 9.3×62mm bullet at a velocity of . The cartridge burned cordite and had a rather low working pressure of by modern standards so that spent cases would extract reliably in the tropical environments of India and Africa.
Original cordite loads were as follows:
62 grains for the 235-gr bullet, yielding a listed 2,800 feet per second
61 grains for the 270-gr bullet, yielding a listed 2,650 feet per second
58 grains for the 300-gr bullet, yielding a listed 2,500 feet per second
The new cartridge was a proprietary design unlike the 9.3×62mm and was considerably longer than its German counterpart. While many .375 H&H rifles were built on the longer magnum Mauser actions, these actions were considerably more expensive and rarer than the standard actions. Standard actions could be used but required modifications to allow for flawless feeding and cycling of the .375 H&H Magnum cartridge. So while the .375 H&H provided considerable advantages over the 9.3×62mm, the significantly greater cost of the H&H rifles presented a roadblock to the adoption of the .375 H&H over the 9.3×62mm cartridge and remained for a time a less attractive option.
At the end of World War I, Holland & Holland released the cartridge to the public for general trade. Also, new markets opened in America as more hunters sought to hunt in Africa. The .375 H&H was seen by many as the best medium bore dangerous game cartridge available for African safari hunting and which could be easily put to use for hunting large game in North America. Winchester was the first US gunmaker to produce rifles chambered for the cartridge and did so beginning in 1925.
The end of World War II saw many gun makers turning to the civilian shooting market when war time contracts began running out. FN, Mauser, Remington and Winchester began turning out quality bolt-action rifles and with increasing number of sportsmen taking to Africa saw the .375 H&H increasing in popularity. A further boost in popularity came when African colonies enacted legislation stipulating that the or the be the minimum bullet diameter for dangerous game. The legislating away of sub minimum cartridges forced the users of these cartridges to pick up a cartridge which qualified for the shooting of these game species and the logical choice was to move up to the .375 H&H Magnum.
Design & specifications
The .375 H&H Magnum case design was conceived to use cordite; a stick type propellant used widely in the United Kingdom. The tapering cartridge body design and the small shallow shoulder are typical aspects of cartridges optimized for the use of this propellant. An advantage of such a case design is that it will feed and extract smoothly thus contributing to the cartridge's reliability in the field.
Unlike previous cartridges, the .375 H&H operates at relatively higher pressures and was designed from the outset for use with smokeless powders that can generate higher pressures and thus higher velocities. However, when the cartridge was designed pressure levels were held to as cordite was sensitive to temperature and could cause dangerously high pressures in the hot tropical climates of Africa and India. However, modern smokeless powders are not as sensitive to ambient temperatures as cordite and therefore both the C.I.P. and SAAMI provide far higher allowable pressures than the original loading of the cartridge allowed.
C.I.P. recommends that commencement of rifling begin at . Bore diameter is given as and groove diameter is . C.I.P. recommends a six groove barrel contour with each groove having an arc length of and a twist rate of one rotation in . Maximum chamber pressure is given at . There are no discrepancies between SAAMI and C.I.P. values. However, C.I.P. measures angle α (shoulder angle) as 29°55'43". SAAMI measure the shoulder angle as α/2 which is given by SAAMI to be 15°.
Performance
When the .375 H&H Magnum was released in 1912 it was loaded with three bullet weights: a at , at and a at . However, today, with the availability of a wide range of powders, velocities gains of can be realized. Acceptable bullet weights for the .375 H&H Magnum range from to . The lighter bullets, those weighing to are suitable for lighter plains game. Bullets weighing between to can be used on heavy bodied plains game. Bullets weighing to should be reserved for heavy dangerous game.
Today, a typical factory load such as Remington’s R375M1 or Federal’s ammunition will launch a spitzer bullet at with of energy at the muzzle. This load has approximately the same trajectory as the 180-grain (12 g) bullet from a .30-06 Springfield. However while the .30-06 generates only about compared with the .375 H&H. The spitzer bullet at .375 H&H velocities has a maximum point blank range (MPBR) of about when sighted in at about .
The typical ammunition manufactured by Federal and Remington have a muzzle velocity of churning out of energy. The ammunition has a bullet trajectory similar to that of the .308 Winchester firing a bullet. The trajectory allows for a MPBR of about when zeroed in for .
Hornady new Superformance line of cartridges provides a leap in performance to the .375 H&H cartridge. The Superformance line uses powders specifically blended for each cartridge. Hornady’s 375 H&H 270 gr SP-RP Superformance ammunition fires a bullet at for while the 375 H&H 300 gr DGS Superformance fires a bullet at generating and of energy respectively.
The 9.3×64mm Brenneke cartridge is the closest European continental ballistic twin of the .375 Holland & Holland Magnum. When compared to the .375 Holland & Holland Magnum the 9.3×64mm Brenneke uses a bullet of a slightly smaller diameter of versus the .375 H&H which uses a bullet a difference of only .
Sporting usage
The .375 H&H Magnum is one of the most versatile cartridges and is referred to by Jack O’Connor as the "Queen of the Medium Bores". The cartridge is very popular in Africa where it is considered one of the best all-round rifle cartridges. It is capable of taking any big species including all the Big Five game animals. The big game hunter, John "Pondoro" Taylor, held the .375 H&H Magnum in such high esteem that he dedicated a chapter to it in the book African Rifles and Cartridges.
Ammunition loaded with the or heavier bullet on the .375 H&H is adequate for heavy thick-skinned dangerous game such as elephant and rhinoceros in most conditions. Today, due to the pace at which hunting is conducted and the requirement of success within certain time constraints, the .375 H&H Magnum is considered under powered for class 4 game like elephant, rhinoceros and buffalo as the only shooting situation that might present itself might be an adverse one. However, there is little doubt that it has been successfully used to take these heavy dangerous game species. There is some speculation that the .375 H&H Magnum has been used to take more Big Five game than any other cartridge. Even today, many professional hunters, outfitters and wildlife management personnel in Africa continue to rely on the .375 H&H Magnum to carry out their duties throughout the continent.
Bullets weighing will have sectional densities between .330 and .356. These bullets can be launched at velocities between giving these bullets greater penetration than a .458 bullet at .
Bullets weighing are perfect for the largest cats such as the lion or tiger and other dangerous class 3 game. While these felines do not require extremely powerful cartridges, (a .300 Winchester Magnum can be considered a minimum for these cats), local requirements or regulations may require a larger cartridge than the .375 H&H Magnum. This range of bullets also is a great choice for most plains game species in Africa and for elk, red deer, and moose (called elk in Europe) in North America and Europe.
There are a great number of rifles (and even a few handguns, such as adapted Howdah pistols) chambered for the .375 H&H. Many types of actions are used, including single-shot rifles, double-rifles, and bolt-action rifles. When hunting dangerous game, a double-rifle or a controlled-feed bolt-action rifle is most commonly recommended, as a quick follow-up shot may be necessary, and reliability of the firearm becomes of paramount importance.
The one sport in which the .375 H&H Magnum has made some gains in has been the Big Bore Shoots such as those sponsored by the Big Bore Association of South Africa and its affiliated chapters. The .375 H&H Magnum is considered a transitional bore by the association and the minimum cartridge which is allowable for score keeping.
Variants
The .375 H&H Magnum's long tapering body and shallow shoulders are generally believed not to promote long case life due to case head separation above the belt. The case design does not promote the optimal use of the cartridge size to gain performance. Modern cartridges have very little taper so as to benefit from a larger powder capacity. There have been a few attempts to improve the performance of the cartridge.
.375 Flanged Magnum
The .375 Flanged Magnum (9.5×75mmR), also known as the .375 H&H Flanged Magnum is the companion cartridge to the .375 H&H Magnum for use in double rifles and was released together with the .375 H&H Magnum by Holland & Holland. It is a rimmed (flanged) cartridge and is loaded to a lower pressure level of .
The CIP has published mandatory specifications for the .375 Flanged Magnum. Bore ∅ for the cartridge is and the groove ∅ is . The barrel will have six grooves with a twist of one revolution in and each groove being wide. SAAMI has not published specifications nor recommendations in regard to this cartridge.
The cartridge is capable of firing a bullet at , a bullet at and a bullet at with muzzle energies of , and respectively. The cartridge is appropriate for the same game species as the .375 H&H Magnum cartridge.
.375 H&H Ackley Improved
The .375 H&H Ackley Improved was a cartridge designed by P. O. Ackley in an effort improve on the performance and case life of the .375 H&H Magnum. The improved case follows the formulaic Ackley design of a body of little taper and steep shoulder of 40°. The cartridge was found to be capable of with a bullet. A .375 H&H Magnum cartridge can be chambered and fired safely in an Ackley Improved chamber but with a loss of performance. A .375 H&H Magnum case thus fired will form to the Ackley Improved chamber.
.375 Weatherby Magnum
The .375 Weatherby Magnum is an improved case like the .375 H&H Ackley Improved. The case was designed by Roy Weatherby in 1944 and features the Weatherby double radius shoulder typical of all Weatherby cartridges. The .375 Weatherby Magnum is capable of launching a at . The .375 H&H Magnum can be fired in the chamber of a .375 Weatherby Magnum with a slight loss in performance. Unlike the .375 H&H AI cartridge, the .375 Weatherby Magnum is loaded to higher pressures than its parent cartridge.
As a parent cartridge
The distinctive belted case of this cartridge was patented in Britain on 31 March 1891 by G. Roth of Austria. The first commercial use of the patent was in 1907 for the .375 Holland-Schoenauer cartridge for a Mannlicher–Schoenauer bolt-action rifle marketed by Holland & Holland. The .375 H&H used an improved belted case shared with the .275 H&H Magnum when they were introduced together in August, 1912. This second belted case design was later used with the .300 H&H Magnum, and has been modified as the basis for "Magnum" cartridges developed by other arms manufacturers.
Cartridges based on the full length .375 H&H Magnum case
.244 H&H Magnum - based directly on the .375 H&H case
7mm Shooting Times Westerner – Via the 8mm Remington Magnum
.30 Super A modified variant of the .300 H&H Magnum produced by Winchester
.300 H&H Magnum – based directly on the .375 H&H case.
.300 Weatherby Magnum – via the full length .30 Super improved
8mm Remington Magnum – necked down improved .375 H&H case
.340 Weatherby Magnum – via the full length .30 Super improved
.350 Griffin & Howe Magnum - based directly on the .375 H&H case
.358 Shooting Times Alaskan – Via the 8mm Remington Magnum
.375 Weatherby Magnum – via the .30 Super improved
.40 BSA Magnum
.400 H&H Magnum - based directly on the .375 H&H case
.416 Remington Magnum – via the 8mm Remington Magnum
.458 Lott – via the .458 Winchester Magnum
.470 Capstick – based directly on the .375 H&H case
Standard length cartridges based on the .375 H&H Magnum case
.257 Weatherby Magnum – via the .30 Super
.26 BSA Magnum
.264 Winchester Magnum – based directly on the .375 H&H case
.270 Weatherby Magnum – via the .30 Super
.275 H&H Magnum - developed along with the .375 in 1912
7×61mm S&H - via the .275 H&H Magnum
7mm Remington Magnum – based on the .375 H&H case via the .264 Winchester Magnum case
7mm Weatherby Magnum – via the .30 Super
.300 Winchester Magnum – based directly on the .375 H&H case
.308 Norma Magnum – used standard length Weatherby cases
.33 BSA Magnum
.338 Winchester Magnum – based directly on the .375 H&H case
.358 Norma Magnum – used standard length Weatherby cases
.458 Winchester Magnum – based directly on the .375 H&H case
Short action cartridges based on the .375 H&H Magnum case
6.5mm Remington Magnum – via the .350 Remington Magnum
.350 Remington Magnum – via the 7mm Remington Magnum
.450 Marlin - via the .458 Winchester Magnum
See also
List of rifle cartridges
Table of handgun and rifle cartridges
9 mm caliber
References
Sources
Hodgdon Online Reloading Data
Cartridge Dimensions
External links
The .375 H&H Magnum Website
Improving the .375 H&H Magnum
The Reload Bench – .375 H&H Mag
.375 H&H Magnum A Hunting Classic
Pistol and rifle cartridges
Holland & Holland cartridges
British firearm cartridges |
4013933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Adl%20Wa%20Al%20Ihssane | Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane | Al Adl wal Ihsane ( : Justice and kindness or Justice and Spirituality) is a Moroccan Islamist association, founded by Cheikh Abdesslam Yassine (not to be confused with Ahmed Yassin, the former head of Palestinian Hamas). This association is not legal but is tolerated by the Moroccan authorities. The current leader is Mohammed Abbadi, who was elected secretary-general of the organization.
Founder
Its founder, Abdessalam Yassine, an old inspector in the moroccan National Education Ministry was initially a member of Zaouia boutchichia, a Sufi brotherhood that he quit after deploring its evolution and because he was not offered the role of the leader of this brotherhood prior to his son. Yassine was also heavily influenced at his beginnings by the thinking of Sayyid Qutb, he considered that the moroccan society lives in a fitna (division) under the regime of ignorance. He also started advocating for a policy near Iran's after the revolution.
Journey
Abdessalam Yassine was born in 1928. His father, a poor peasant, belonged to the family of "Ait-Bihi", he proclaims himself an Idrissid Berber from the region of "Oullouz" in Souss (southern Morocco). He completed his primary studies in a school founded in Marrakech by ((Mohamed Mokhtar Soussi)). After four years of studies, he graduated from the Ibn Youssef Institute. He finished his studies at the teacher training school in Rabat in 1947, then worked in national education, for twenty years he was brought to represent Morocco in many international educational meetings. In 1968, he was dismissed from his post without any administrative decision, he was retired in 1987.
Policies
Yassine acted as a charismatic leader for the organisation, which attributes him near saintly-status and operates on lines similar to those a Moroccan Sufi brotherhood (Zaouia boutchichia), of which Yassine was a member prior to his politicisation.
The party advocates the transformation of Morocco into an Islamist republic, ruled by its interpretation of the Shariah. Like the Muslim Brotherhood, it works for the Islamisation of the whole society, through its grassroots social welfare organisations and important presence in universities.
Contrary to the legalist Justice and Development Party, Al Adl Wa Al Ihssane has not been allowed to transform itself into a political party by the Moroccan government, it has also been argued that it's the party's choice to not do so as it refuses to enter the political game under the current political practices, which it perceives as illegitimate; the party also opposes the article of the Moroccan constitution which states that the king Mohammed VI is also Amir al-Muminin.
Three No's
The organization's principles were summed up and reaffirmend, during the 24 December 2012 press conference following Mohammed Abbadi election, as "No to violence, no to secrecy, no to foreign intervention."
Cult of personality around its former leader and interpretation of his dreams
The association is entirely centred on the personality of Abdesslam Yassine, who died 13 December 2012.
Through the year 2005, the association reportedly developed the idea of a qawma, a revolution, for 2006, after a series of dreams of association members. Many Adlists think these dreams refer to the immediate abolition of the monarchy in Morocco and the instauration of a Caliphate. In spring 2005, Nadia Yassine, Yassine's daughter, who heads the feminist branch of the organisation, said in an interview to the Moroccan newspaper Al Ousbouiya Al Jadida that she believed that Monarchy is not appropriate for Morocco. Yassine and two journalists from the newspaper are facing charges for defamation of the monarchy relating to the remarks, although her trial has twice been postponed. Publicly, the group has denied any revolutionary plans, arguing rather that Moroccan stability is at serious risk not from it but due to persistently high levels of unemployment and poverty.
References
External links
http://www.yassine.net
https://web.archive.org/web/20001018121219/http://www.aljamaa.com/
Politics of Morocco
Islamic political parties
Organizations with year of establishment missing
Islamism in Morocco |
4013942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarsus%20%28eyelids%29 | Tarsus (eyelids) | The tarsi (tarsal plates) are two comparatively thick, elongated plates of dense connective tissue, about in length for the upper eyelid and 5 mm for the lower eyelid; one is found in each eyelid, and contributes to its form and support. They are located directly above the lid margins. The tarsus has a lower and upper part making up the palpebrae.
Superior
The superior tarsus (tarsus superior; superior tarsal plate), the larger, is of a semilunar form, about in breadth at the center, and gradually narrowing toward its extremities. It is adjoined by the superior tarsal muscle.
To the anterior surface of this plate the aponeurosis of the levator palpebræ superioris is attached.
Inferior
The inferior tarsus (tarsus inferior; inferior tarsal plate) is smaller, is thin, is elliptical in form, and has a vertical diameter of about . The free or ciliary margins of these plates are thick and straight.
Relations
The attached or orbital margins are connected to the circumference of the orbit by the orbital septum.
The lateral angles are attached to the zygomatic bone by the lateral palpebral raphe.
The medial angles of the two plates end at the lacrimal lake, and are attached to the frontal process of the maxilla by the medial palpebral ligament).
The sulcus subtarsalis is a groove in the inner surface of each eyelid.
Along the inner margin of the tarsus are modified sebaceous glands known as tarsal glands (or meibomian glands), aligned vertically within the tarsi: 30 to 40 glands in the upper lid, and 20 to 30 in the lower lid, which secrete a lipid-rich product which helps keep the lacrimal secretions or tears from evaporating too quickly, thus keeping the eye moist.
Additional images
See also
List of specialized glands within the human integumentary system
References
Human eye anatomy |
4013954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%20Federal%20Route%2055 | Malaysia Federal Route 55 | Federal Route 55 or Jalan Kuala Kubu Bharu–Teranum–Raub (also called Jalan Pahang in Kuala Kubu Bharu) is a 62-km federal road connecting the states of Selangor and Pahang in Malaysia. It is the first federal road ever constructed in Pahang. The road connects Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor to Teranum near Raub in Pahang (later extended to Raub Indah at south Raub in 2013–2015). It is the main access route to Fraser's Hill.
Route background
The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 55 is located at Kuala Kubu Bharu, Selangor, at its intersection with the Federal Route 1, the main trunk road of the central of Peninsular Malaysia. After passing Kuala Kubu Bharu town centre, it runs along the eastern circumference of the Selangor Dam. Shortly after passing the Selangor Dam, the road becomes winding as it ascends the Titiwangsa Range until its intersection with the uphill road to Fraser's Hill near the Selangor–Pahang state border. Then, the road descends downhill, running in parallel with the Teranum River until its eastern terminus at Teranum where it meets with the Malaysia Federal Route 218.
History
The Federal Route 55 is the earliest federal road ever constructed in Pahang. It was constructed as an 80-mile bridle track from Kuala Kubu Bharu to Kuala Lipis known as the Kuala Kubu–Kuala Lipis Road. In 1915, a road was constructed from Teranum to Bentong, forming the southern pioneer route for the Federal Route 8. The entire roadway was upgraded and paved in 1928 with the specific cost of RM2,004 per mile (or RM1,237 per kilometre), which was considered as the most expensive road project at that time. Portion of the Kuala Kubu–Kuala Lipis Road from Teranum to Raub, together with the road from Teranum to Bentong, would later form a part of the Federal Route 8 before the winding Bentong–Raub old road was bypassed by a new, more straight super two road in conjunction with the opening of FELDA Lurah Bilut. Therefore, the bypassed old road is now re-gazetted as the Federal Route 218.
In 1919, work started on the access road to the hill station from The Gap and by 1922, the hill station named Fraser's Hill was opened to visitors.
During the Malayan Emergency, Sir Henry Gurney, a British High Commissioner in Malaya, was assassinated by the Malayan Communist Party terrorists at Mile 56 ½, Kuala Kubu Road on 7 October 1951, on his way to Fraser's Hill. The communist terrorists ambushed his Rolls Royce Silver Wraith and shot him to death. His remains were buried at the Cheras Road Christian Cemetery (now Cheras War Cemetery) at Jalan Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. A memorial signboard was later erected by Malaysian Public Works Department at the site of the incident (location: 3.673596,101.747346 ).
At the end of the 1990s, a new water dam known as the Sungai Selangor Dam was constructed to cater to the increasing water demand in the Klang Valley. During construction, a 7.7-km super two road was built to replace the existing roadway at the Sungai Selangor Dam construction site. Construction started in 2001 and was completed in 2003.
This road has two bridges, the Sungai Selangor bridge and the Sungai Peretak bridge.
List of junctions and towns
References
Malaysian Federal Roads |
4013956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Assembly%20%28Suriname%29 | National Assembly (Suriname) | The National Assembly (De Nationale Assemblée, The Assembly, commonly abbreviated "DNA") is the Parliament, representing the legislative branch of government in Suriname. It is a unicameral legislature. The assembly has been situated in the former park house at the Independence Square in Paramaribo, after a fire destroyed the old building of representation on 1 August 1996. A reconstruction of the old building was completed in 2022.
The 51 members of parliament are elected every five years by open list proportional representation on the basis of the country's component districts. The most recent elections were held on 25 May 2020. The current Chairman of the Assembly, Marinus Bee, was appointed on 14 July 2020. Dew Sharman was appointed as Vice Chairman on 29 June 2020.
History
The first representation was formed by the Colonial States, from 1866. The name was changed to Estates of Suriname in 1936. When Suriname became an independent republic on 25 November 1975, the representation was named Parliament of the Republic of Suriname. This Parliament was made inoperative during the coup d'état of 1980. In 1985, the Parliament was replaced by an appointed Assembly. The National Assembly, in its current form, dates from 1987. In that year, democracy was reestablished after the coup and a new constitution was adopted, organizing the Assembly, so new elections could be held on 25 November 1987. From here on, elections were held.
In some cases, a two-thirds majority is required, like the election of the President. If those votes fail, De Verenigde Volksvergadering (The United Nation Meeting) is called. In those meetings, the Districts and Resorts will participate, and vote on the issue by majority.
Chairmen since 1975
From December 1973, Emile Wijntuin was the Chairman of the Estates of Suriname, and remained Chairman of Parliament after Independence, until it was dissolved in August 1980.
After the elections in 1987, Jagernath Lachmon (VHP) became Chairman, an office which he already had taken twice in the Estates of Suriname. Lachmon resigned in 1996, because he could not agree with the Wijdenbosch government.
On 10 October 1996, Marijke Djwalapersad (BVD) was elected as Chair, becoming the first woman in Suriname's history to assume this office. On 24 July 2000, Djwalapersad was succeeded by Jagernath Lachmon, who remained in office until his death in 2001. His fellow party man Ramdien Sardjoe took his place.
After the elections of 2005, Paul Somohardjo of Pertjajah Luhur (a party that was part of the New Front combination) wanted to become Vice President of Suriname. This did not seem feasible, since he was convicted in August 2003 for defamation, which resulted in a suspended two-month sentence and his removal as minister. Within the coalition was decided to make Ramdien Sardjoe vice president and Somohardjo Chairman of the National Assembly.
On 30 June 2005, Somohardjo was elected to the proposed office with 29 out of 50 votes. Caprino Alendy (BEP/A-Combination) was elected as vice-Chairman, with the same number of votes.
On 30 June 2010, Jennifer Simons of Dési Bouterse's NDP/MC surprisingly won the office from Somohardjo, with 26 votes against 24 votes, and became the incumbent Chair of the Assembly. Ruth Wijdenbosch was elected as Vice Chair with 25 votes, one more than her rival, Anton Paal (PALU/MC). Remarkable is the fact that this is the first time that these offices are held by opposing politicians. It is also the first time that both offices are held by women.
On 29 June 2020, Ronnie Brunswijk was elected as Chairperson of the National Assembly in an uncontested election. Dew Sharman was elected as Vice Chairperson. After Brunswijk was elected Vice President of Suriname on 13 July 2020, Marinus Bee was installed as his successor on 14 July 2020.
Composition
In the elections of 25 May 2020, the 51 parliamentary seats were allocated as follows:
See also
Chairman of the National Assembly of Suriname
List of Chairmen of the Estates of Suriname
Politics of Suriname
List of legislatures by country
Notes
References
External links
Politics of Suriname
Political organisations based in Suriname
Government of Suriname
Suriname
Suriname |
4013962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolic%20Vicariate%20of%20Savannakhet | Apostolic Vicariate of Savannakhet | The Apostolic Vicariate of Savannakhet () is a territorial jurisdiction of the Catholic Church in Laos. As an apostolic vicariate, it is a pre-diocesan jurisdiction, entitled to a titular bishop. It is located in central Laos.
It is exempt, i.e., not part of any ecclesiastical province and directly dependent on the Holy See and its missionary Roman Congregation for the Evangelization of Peoples.
The vicariate covers an area of 48,100 km² in central Laos, including the provinces of Savannakhet, Khammouan and part of Bolikhamxai. By land area, it is the largest of the apostolic vicariates in Laos. Approximately 12,500 of the 2.7 million people living within the vicariate are members of the Catholic Church. The vicariate has 54 parishes, and only 6 priests.
History
The Apostolic Vicariate of Savannakhet was originally established as the Prefecture Apostolic of Thakhek on 21 December 1950, when the Vicariate Apostolic of Laos was split into two parts. The western part in Thailand was renamed the Vicariate Apostolic of Thare, while the Laotian part was formed into a new prefecture. On 24 February 1958 it was elevated to an Apostolic Vicariate. In 1963 the name was changed to Savannakhet, even though its see remained in Thakhek, Khammouan province. In 1967 the southern part of the vicariate was erected as the independent Vicariate Apostolic of Paksé.
Ordinaries
Apostolic Vicars of Savannakhet
Jean-Rosière-Eugène Arnaud, M.E.P. (1950-1969)
Pierre-Antonio-Jean Bach, M.E.P. (1971-1975)
Jean-Baptiste Outhay Thepmany (1975-1997)
Jean Sommeng Vorachak (1997-2009)
Jean Marie Vianney Prida Inthirath (2010-present)
References
External links
Catholic hierarchy
Savannakhet
Savannakhet
Christian organizations established in 1950
Roman Catholic dioceses and prelatures established in the 20th century
1950 establishments in Laos
Savannakhet |
4013968 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prisma%20Energy%20International | Prisma Energy International | Prisma Energy International Inc., was a former subsidiary of Enron Corporation, formed in 2003 to own and manage the majority of Enron's overseas assets, formerly known as "Enron International". Prior to its official organization, Prisma was referred to within Enron as "InternationalCo". Enron's original bankruptcy reorganization plan, presented in early 2002, would have created a company broadly similar to Prisma (known under the working name "OpCo Energy"), but including Portland General Electric and the energy trading business, both later divested separately. As one of the final steps in Enron's liquidation, following their 2001 bankruptcy, Prisma was sold to Ashmore Energy International Ltd., a unit of Ashmore Group Plc., in 2006. Prisma was structured as an 'offshore' United States corporation incorporated in the British Overseas Territory of the Cayman Islands, but with its headquarters in Houston, Texas. It served as a holding company for 15 gas and electricity businesses. Its subsidiary, Prisma Energy International Services LLC, employed approximately 125 individuals, most at its headquarters in Houston, Texas. Assets in which Prisma Energy managed an interest employed an additional 6,500 employees worldwide. Following its 2006 sale to Ashmore Energy International Limited, Prisma Energy International Inc. was merged/amalgamated with Ashmore Energy International Limited with Prisma Energy being the survivor company. In December 2006, Prisma Energy International Inc. changed its name to Ashmore Energy International and, subsequently, in May 2007 to AEI.
Scope of operations
Prisma Energy managed interests in international energy assets focused on transportation, distribution and generation of gas and electricity with approximately:
of natural gas transmission pipelines
of oil/liquids pipelines
of electric transmission and distribution lines
1,903 MW of electric power generating capacity
4 million LPG and electric power customers
15 businesses located in 11 countries
Enron bankruptcy
According to the final restructuring plan submitted to bankruptcy court, Enron Corporation will be dissolved at the conclusion of the restructuring process, which would have allowed Prisma Energy International to emerge as an independent company. Enron's creditors, who lost about $63 billion due to its massive bankruptcy, were expected to receive between 17 and 22 cents on the dollar in cash and in Prisma stock due to its parent company Enron's dissolution. Prisma Energy had three business segments: natural gas, power distribution, and power generation on four continents. The natural gas units process and supply liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, and South Korea. The power distribution business consisted of Elektro Eletricidade, a Brazil-based company with 1.8 million customers. Prisma Energy's power generation units managed power plants in Europe and South America. As of 2006, Enron's bankruptcy case is still ongoing. Despite earlier plans to spin off Prisma as an independent, public company, Enron instead reached a deal to sell the business outright to a unit of the London-based Ashmore Group. On September 7, 2006, the sale of Prisma to Ashmore Energy International Limited was completed.
Board members
Board members included:
Ron Haddock , Executive Chairman and CEO
John W. Ballantine
Philippe A. Bodson
Lawrence S. "Larry" Coben
Dr. Paul K. Freeman
Henri Philippe
Robert E. Wilhelm
Brent de Jong
Patrick S. Kenney
External links
- 'Prisma Energy International Inc.' information
Energy companies of the United States
Enron
Multinational companies
Oil companies of the United States
Natural gas companies of the United States
Electric power companies of the United States
Companies based in Houston |
4013970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frittenden | Frittenden | Frittenden is a village and civil parish in the Tunbridge Wells District of Kent, England. The parish is located on the flood plain of one of the tributaries of the River Medway, 15 miles (24 km) to the east of Tunbridge Wells: the village is three miles (4.8 km) south of Headcorn. It is in a very rural part of Kent. The parish church is dedicated to St Mary.
History
Roman remains have been found near an old Jutish track which ran through the area, along which pigs were driven into the forest of Andreadsweald. The village itself is named in a charter of 804, and the Anglo Saxon Chronicle of 839 relate that King Ethelwulf of Wessex gave the village land to St Augustines in Canterbury.
Thomas Cromwell was given land in the village during the reign of King Henry VIII.
Frittenden Church underwent extensive renovation in 1848 following a fire in the Church in 1790 when lightning struck the Church steeple.
Rumours of the Frittenden Treacle Mines were started by locals in the 1930s at the expense of gullible Londoners who would tour the area in their newly acquired motor cars, eager to visit the source of much of the world's treacle.
Frittenden Historical Society keeps a record of the history of the village and its inhabitants. It meets regularly in the Memorial Hall.
Notable people
The Rector of the parish church from 1900 to 1916 was Rupert Edward Inglis who was a former England rugby international. He was killed at the Battle of the Somme in 1916. His letters home to his wife from the front were published by his widow after the war. He is commemorated on the war memorial, and the lychgate at St Mary's church is dedicated to him.
Admiral Sir Arthur Moore (1847–1934), the son of another rector of the parish, Edward Moore, was born at Frittenden in 1847 and was buried in the churchyard.
References
(source of History section)
External links
Villages in Kent
Civil parishes in Kent |
4013971 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sarsang%20Reservoir | Sarsang Reservoir | The Sarsang Reservoir (, ) is a reservoir located de jure between the Tartar and Kalbajar districts of Azerbaijan, de facto in the Martakert Province of the self-proclaimed Republic of Artsakh. The reservoir was formed by the construction of a dam on the Tartar River. The overall volume of the reservoir is 575 million m3.
Overview
Sarsang Reservoir was built on Tartar River by Soviet authorities in 1976. At that time, the district was part of Tartar Region. The area of the reservoir is . The height of the dam at the reservoir is . The reservoir has the tallest dam out of all dams in either Artsakh or Azerbaijan. When it opened, the reservoir provided irrigation water for in the districts of Tartar, Agdam, Barda, Goranboy, Yevlakh and Aghjabadi. The Sarsang Hydro Power Plant has a capacity of 50 megawatts.
In November 1992, in the midst of the First Nagorno-Karabakh War, the region of Mardakert came under effective Armenian control. The power plant, now operated by Artsakh HEK OJSC, is the source of 40-60% of Artsakh's electricity. Local authorities have expressed hopes for the reservoir to turn to a major tourism site in the long run.
Environmental concerns
Azerbaijan has maintained that the Sarsang Reservoir, due to poor maintenance, poses a threat to nearly 400,000 people living in the Karabakh lowlands which remain under Azerbaijani control. The country has taken measures to minimise potential damage that water evacuation could cause. In addition, the exploitation of the reservoir by the Armenian side deprived farmers from seven Azerbaijani villages in the Tartar District from accessing water regularly.
In 2014, Bosnian member of the Parliamentary Assembly of the Council of Europe (PACE) Milica Marković prepared a report in which she outlined environmental risks brought upon by the lack of regular maintenance of the dam, as well as a possibility of the frontier regions of Azerbaijan being deprived of water supply as a result of intensive farming, industrial activities, climate change and consumer habits, but also policy mistakes on the part of the Nagorno-Karabakh authorities. On 26 January 2016, PACE (of which both Armenia and Azerbaijan are members) adopted Resolution 2085, whereby it deplored "the fact that the occupation by Armenia of Nagorno-Karabakh and other adjacent areas of Azerbaijan creates similar humanitarian and environmental problems for the citizens of Azerbaijan living in the Lower Karabakh valley" and requested the immediate withdrawal of Armenian armed forces from the region in order to allow independent engineers access to carry out an on-the-spot survey. The Assembly also recommended that the Armenian side stopped using water resources as tools of political influence or an instrument of pressure benefiting only one of the parties to the conflict.
In June 2016, the White House formally responded to a petition signed by over 330,000 people regarding the status of Nagorno-Karabakh and dangers posed by the Sarsang Reservoir. In the response, the Obama administration expressed its support of the PACE Resolution 2085 and said it would welcome a meeting between technical experts to discuss water management and dam inspections at the reservoir.
References
Reservoirs in Azerbaijan
Reservoirs built in the Soviet Union
Bodies of water of the Republic of Artsakh |
4013984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collapsed%20Lung%20%28band%29 | Collapsed Lung (band) | Collapsed Lung are an English, Harlow-based Britpop group, best known for the song "Eat My Goal". They formed in February 1992.
History
Collapsed Lung was originally formed as a bedroom studio collaboration between Anthony Chapman and Steve Harcourt. The pair had met at Harlow music venue The Square, and despite coming from contrasting musical backgrounds (Harcourt had previously played guitar in metal band Bomberz, whereas Chapman had previously played bass in pseudo-C86 outfit Pregnant Neck) found they had a shared love of funk and the Amiga tracker software Med/Octamed. Eventually, the duo decided to perform a live show, using an Amiga computer on stage as well as live guitar from Harcourt.
After their debut performance they were invited to play an all-day music festival in Harlow at which Harcourt first met Nihal Arthanayake, a school friend of Chapman. Nihal was a rapper of Sri Lankan descent who was studying law in Twickenham, Middlesex. He was consequently invited to record some of his raps over the duo's existing tracks. Chapman later took up co-rapping duties alongside Arthanayake, with the line-up completed by bass player Johnny Dawe (previously of Hull band Death By Milkfloat). However, Arthanayake left the band in 1994 after signing a deal for his own group Muddie Funksters with Go! Discs.
Collapsed Lung replaced him with rapper Jim Burke and drummer Chris Gutch. Chapman also bolstered his reputation with DJ work at a variety of London venues. He was keen to reinstate Collapsed Lung's rap credentials, stating "at the end of the day, it's just hip-hop", while promoting the release of 1995's Jackpot Goalie. In late 1995, drummer Chris Gutch left the group to join a band called Rehab. Gutch was replaced by Jerry Hawkins, previously of Atom Seed and The Fuzz.
In 1996 they released their second album Cooler (written as C**ler – the type on the album artwork reflecting the use of stars to denote the refrigeration level of a domestic freezer). In June 1996 a double A-side "London Tonight" / "Eat My Goal" was released which reached number 31 in the UK Singles Chart. "Eat My Goal" was used as the soundtrack to Coca-Cola's "Eat Football, Sleep Football, Drink Coca-Cola" advertising campaign that tied in with the Euro 96 football championships in England.
Despite their success, Collapsed Lung broke up in 1997.
"Eat My Goal" was re-released in May 1998 and reached number 18 on the same chart, and was subsequently used on many TV programmes, most notably SMTV Live in which the song was used for a segment of the same name. It also featured in the video game LMA Manager 2001.
They reformed again in 2014 to support Senser on 26 June at the Dome in London, and have since been playing shows around the UK, including gigs with Jesus Jones.
"Eat My Goal" continues to be used extensively on TV and radio, including as the theme music for Mark Steel's BBC Radio 4 series Mark Steel's in Town – 2009 to present.
Members
Discography
Albums
EPs
Singles
Compilations
References
Notes
1.A remix of "Eat My Goal", with the word "eat" changed to "beat".
External links
Entry at Forgotten Band Planet
English hip hop groups
Musical groups established in 1992
Musical groups disestablished in 1996
Musical groups from Essex
Britpop groups
Rap rock groups |
4014002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Hillyard%20Cameron | John Hillyard Cameron | John Hillyard Cameron, (April 14, 1817 – November 14, 1876) was an Ontario lawyer, businessman and political figure. He was a Conservative Member of Parliament representing Peel from 1867 to 1872 and Cardwell from 1872 until his death.
He was born in Blendecques, France in 1817. His father was a soldier in the 79th Highlanders who served in France during the Napoleonic Wars. In 1825, he came with his family to Kingston in Upper Canada. He studied at Kilkenny College in Ireland and Upper Canada College. He then studied law with Henry John Boulton. During the Upper Canada Rebellion, he served with the Queen's Rangers. In 1839, he was called to the bar in Upper Canada and entered a law practice in Toronto, Ontario. In 1846, he became a Queen's Counsel. Cameron also served on Toronto city council from 1846 to 1847, from 1851 to 1852 and 1854 to 1855. In 1860, he served as treasurer for the Law Society of Upper Canada. In 1869, he was also called to the Quebec bar.
In 1846, he was chosen as solicitor general for Upper Canada and was elected to the 2nd Parliament of the Province of Canada in a by-election for Cornwall. In 1847, he was appointed to the Executive Council. He served in the Legislative Assembly until Confederation, except for the 4th and 6th parliaments, when he did not run. He supported representation by population and opposed the introduction of an elected Legislative Council. In 1856, he helped stir up controversy in the wake of the death of Robert Corrigan in Lotbinière, Quebec; this helped undermine the government of Allan MacNab which led to the rise of Sir John A. Macdonald as leader of the Conservatives. He supported Confederation but would have preferred a legislative union. He was elected to represent Peel in the House of Commons in 1867. In 1872, he ran in both Peel and Cardwell, being elected in the latter.
He was a director of the Toronto and Guelph Railway, which was later absorbed by the Grand Trunk Railway, helped found the Canada Life Assurance Company in 1847, was president of the Provincial Insurance Company and chairman of the board in Canada of the Edinburgh Life Insurance Company. He was also involved in the incorporation of a number of companies in the Toronto area including the Western Assurance Company in 1851 and the Toronto and Georgian Bay Canal Company in 1856. He suffered extensive financial losses near the end of 1857 as a result of a financial panic and economic depression; he promised to make good on his debts, which left him financially strained for the remainder of his life.
He was a loyal follower of the Church of England and tried to defend its interests, including the revenue from the clergy reserves. He served on the council of Trinity College, an Anglican university at the time; he also was a professor of law at the college and served as chancellor from 1863 until his death. In 1856, he joined the Orange Order and served as grand master in Canada from 1859 to 1870.
He suffered a heart attack and died while in Toronto in 1876.
Footnotes
References
External links
1817 births
1876 deaths
People from Pas-de-Calais
French emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario
Members of the Legislative Assembly of the Province of Canada from Canada West
Conservative Party of Canada (1867–1942) MPs
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Upper Canada College alumni
Treasurers of the Law Society of Upper Canada
Lawyers in Ontario
Canadian Queen's Counsel
Immigrants to Upper Canada |
4014005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Velvet%20Light%20Trap | The Velvet Light Trap | The Velvet Light Trap is a peer-reviewed academic journal covering film and media studies. It is edited by graduate students at the University of Wisconsin–Madison and the University of Texas at Austin.
Each issue covers critical, theoretical, and historical topics relating to a particular theme.
History
The Velvet Light Trap was established as a quarterly journal in 1971 by film lovers in Madison, Wisconsin, including graduate students at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Russell Campbell served as editor-in-chief. In 1973, John Davis and Susan Dalton took over as editors, and Davis became the publisher. The journal's name originates from a specific part of the film camera that keeps the light out where the magazine is attached. In its earliest years, The Velvet Light Trap served the local film community with a journal that emphasized American film history. It drew upon the talents of the graduate students at the University of Wisconsin–Madison but it was not an official university publication. As the journal increased its circulation, it spread beyond the local community.
By the mid 1970s, The Velvet Light Trap had established a reputation for scholarly research, with faculty from around the United States publishing articles in special issues such as "RKO Radio Pictures", "MGM", and "Warners Revisited". The Velvet Light Trap often attempted to define the styles and genres that distinguished individual Hollywood studios. Access to primary documents at the Wisconsin Center for Film and Theater Research led to special interests such as the blacklist period (1947-1960s).
In 1989, the journal changed publishers, moving to the University of Texas Press. As part of the deal with the journal's founders, UT graduate students would collectively co-edit the journal along with Madison students. With the move to the UT Press, the journal established an international advisory editorial board and instituted blind peer review. The biannual format of Madison publishing an issue in the fall and Texas publishing an issue in the spring still stands.
See also
List of film periodicals
References
External links
Film studies journals
Television studies journals
University of Texas Press academic journals
Biannual journals
English-language journals
Publications established in 1971
Academic journals edited by students |
4014008 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ipstones | Ipstones | Ipstones is a village and civil parish in the north of the English county of Staffordshire.
Ipstones is part of the Staffordshire Moorlands district; within the boundaries of the civil parish are the hamlets Foxt, Consall Forge and Bottomhouse. Ipstones Edge, to the north of the village, rises to and gives views for many miles around.
Ipstones is not mentioned in the Domesday book and dates from around the 12th century. The majority of the houses and farms, barring modern development, are built from local sandstone. Two sections of the village are designated as Conservation Areas with several listed structures contained within them.
Ipstones was served by a railway station opened by the North Staffordshire Railway on 15 June 1905, on its line between Leekbrook Junction and Waterhouses. The station was closed to passengers on 30 September 1935. The buildings have been demolished but heritage trains of the Churnet Valley Railway now use the line again and there have been proposals to restore mineral trains to Caldon Low.
Ipstones has three pubs, a butcher's, a corner shop, an agricultural supplies store, a church and a primary school.
See also
Listed buildings in Ipstones
References
External links
BBC article
GENUKI(tm) page
Church Website
Ipstones Agricultural Show website
Villages in Staffordshire
Towns and villages of the Peak District
Staffordshire Moorlands |
4014018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Film%20Quarterly | Film Quarterly | Film Quarterly, a journal devoted to the study of film, television, and visual media, is published by University of California Press. It publishes scholarly analyses of international and Hollywood cinema as well as independent film, including documentary and animation. The journal also revisits film classics; examines television and digital and online media; reports from international film festivals; reviews recent academic publications; and on occasion addresses installations, video games and emergent technologies. It welcomes established scholars as well as emergent voices that bring new perspectives to bear on visual representation as rooted in issues of diversity, race, lived experience, gender, sexuality, and transnational histories. Film Quarterly brings timely critical and intersectional approaches to criticism and analyses of visual culture.
Since 2013, it has been edited by B. Ruby Rich. Working with her are associate editor Rebecca Prime, assistant editor Marc Francis, book reviews editor Carla Marcantonio, and Quorum editor Girish Shambu. Since 2015, Film Quarterly has received funding from the Ford Foundation’s JustFilms initiative to “support the journal’s work in advancing criticism, analysis, and reporting with particular attention to social justice documentary and the interrogation of cinema practices across genres and platforms” with an emphasis on the representation of diversity and new voices.
History
Film Quarterly was first published in 1945 as Hollywood Quarterly, was renamed The Quarterly of Film, Radio, and Television in 1951, and has operated under its current title since 1958.
Hollywood Quarterly (1945–1951)
According to former Film Quarterly editorial board member Brian Henderson, “Hollywood Quarterly was launched in 1945 as a joint venture of the Hollywood Writers Mobilization and the University of California Press. The association began as a wartime collaboration between educators and media workers in response to social needs occasioned by the war.” Notable members of its first editorial board were playwright and screenwriter John Howard Lawson, psychologist Franklin Fearing, and writer-director Abraham Polonsky.
Quarterly of Film, Radio, and Television (1951–1958)
After allegations in a House of Un-American Activities Committee hearing that Hollywood Quarterly had communist leanings, in 1951, the journal changed its name to Quarterly of Film, Radio, and Television. This name change inaugurated the journal’s clear divorce from the Hollywood industry with which it had partnered for several years. The journal’s turn towards “politically safe” work in the following years led to editorial discord and instability until August Frugé, then-director of UC Press, changed the direction of the journal. Frugé drew inspiration from the European film journals Sight and Sound and Cahiers du cinéma, noting in his book that, "there was no American review comparable to these two, intellectual but not academic and devoted to film as art and not as communication. By accident we found ourselves with the means to publish one—if we chose and if we knew how."
Film Quarterly (1958–present)
Under the editorial guidance and visionary leadership of Ernest Callenbach, the journal rebranded itself to bridge film criticism and scholarship, and was renamed Film Quarterly in Fall 1958. Its initial advisory board was composed of, among others, film scholar Andries Deinum; Gavin Lambert, a former editor of Sight and Sound who was then a screenwriter in Hollywood; Albert Johnson, a Bay Area-based film programmer and critic; and Colin Young, who taught film at UCLA and later became the first director of the British National Film and Television School. Ernest Callenbach remained Film Quarterly’s editor until the Fall 1991 issue; he had overseen the production of 133 issues by the end of his appointment.
Ann Martin, who had worked as an editor at American Film and The New Yorker, and on various film and video productions, served as the editor of Film Quarterly during 1991–2006. Rob White, who had edited the British Film Institute’s BFI Classics series, was in charge during 2006–2012. David Sterritt took over as guest editor for volume 66 in 2012–13.
Immediately following its 40th anniversary, the University of California Press published a Film Quarterly anthology of its groundbreaking essays, co-edited by Brian Henderson and then-editor Ann Martin. Editorial board members Leo Baudry, Ernest Callenbach, Albert Johnson, Marsha Kinder, and Linda Williams all participated in the conceptualization of the volume. In 2002, Ann Martin and Eric Smoodin (who was then the Film, Media, and Philosophy Acquisitions Editor at UC Press) co-edited a volume of highlights from the journal’s Hollywood Quarterly (1945–1951) years.
In 2013, film critic and historian B. Ruby Rich took over as editor for the journal. Rich's editorial vision has particularly emphasized work that engages with fresh approaches to film in a shifting digital media environment and a broadened view of cultural and critical approaches for both historical and contemporary work. Film Quarterly has emphasized the shifting forms and meanings the moving image has taken in the digital age and worked to expand its views of the field and the writers included in its pages. Special dossiers have focused on Joshua Oppenheimer’s ground-breaking The Act of Killing, the cinema of Richard Linklater, the significance of Brazilian documentarian Edouardo Coutinho, the legacy of Chantal Akerman, and a collection of Manifestos for the current era. Cover stories have focused on such films and television series as Melvin Van Peebles' The Watermelon Man, Louis Massiah's The Bombing of Osage Avenue, Jill Soloway's Transparent, and Kenya Barris's Black-ish. Film Quarterly aims to widens the scope of voices published in its pages, creates a shared discourse for divergent platforms, and broadens the canon beyond traditional auteurism.
Pauline Kael's involvement
For a brief time in the 1950s, Pauline Kael was considered for the role of editor. She was then a programmer at the Cinema Guild, a repertory movie house in Berkeley, CA. Frugé and Kael did not share the same vision so the position was subsequently offered to Callenbach instead. Beginning in 1961, a regular feature, "Films of the Quarter," appeared in which a group of well-known film critics—Dwight Macdonald, Stanley Kauffmann, Pauline Kael, Jonas Mekas, and Gavin Lambert—discussed what they viewed as the best films of the prior three months. In the Spring 1963 issue, Pauline Kael famously attacked Andrew Sarris’ auteur theory in her landmark article, "Circles and Squares." In the Summer 1963 issue, Sarris responded to Kael’s critique with his own article, "The Auteur Theory and the Perils of Pauline."
Kael included many of her articles, film reviews, and other material published in FQ during 1961–65 in her first book, I Lost It at the Movies (1965).
Notable contributors
André Bazin
David Bordwell
Noël Carroll
Manthia Diawara
Richard Dyer
Umberto Eco
Miriam Hansen
Pauline Kael
Laura Mulvey
Bill Nichols
B. Ruby Rich
Jonathan Rosenbaum
Andrew Sarris
Paul Schrader
Parker Tyler
Linda Williams
See also
List of film periodicals
References
Further reading
Frugé, August. 1993. A Skeptic Among Scholars: August Frugé on University Publishing. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Henderson, Brian, Ann Martin, and Lee Amazonas. 1999. Film Quarterly: Forty Years, a Selection. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Smoodin, Eric Loren, and Ann Martin. 2002. Hollywood Quarterly: Film Culture in Postwar America, 1945–1957. Berkeley: University of California
External links
Website (UC Press)
Journal Website
Publications established in 1945
Film studies journals
Television studies journals
Media studies journals
University of California Press academic journals |
4014021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamasp%20%28sage%29 | Jamasp (sage) | Jamasp was an Iranian philosopher in the time of Zoroaster.
Jamasp was the Grand Vizier of Gushtasp.
The book Jamasp Namag is about him.
Sources
دوستخواه، جلیل: اوستا، کهنترین سرودهای ایرانیان، چاپ دوم، انتشارات مروارید، تهران ۱۳۷۴.
Iranian philosophers
Shahnameh characters |
4014043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vizma%20Bel%C5%A1evica | Vizma Belševica | Vizma Belševica (May 30, 1931 – August 6, 2005) was a Latvian poet, writer and translator. She was nominated for the Nobel Prize in Literature.
Biography
Belševica was born in Riga. Her father Žanis Belševics was a worker, and her mother Vera Belševica (maiden name Cīrule) was a housewife. The family was relatively poor, as only one of the two spouses did paid work. Vizma's father had drinking problems, which aggravated when during the Great Depression he lost his job as a baker. Vizma Belševica was born on May 30, 1931, in prewar Riga, then the capital of democratic Latvia, where she spent most of her childhood. The city often is featured in her works, especially her most famous work—autobiographic trilogy "BILLE"—, but the time spent in Courland, on her relatives' small farm has also an important role in her poetry and writings. Her son Klāvs Elsbergs was a famous Latvian poet in the 1980s and her second son Jānis is a writer as well.
Recognition
Receiving the Nobel prize was her childhood dream; she, as a poor but bright girl, spent much of her time reading classical literature. Belševica's work has been recognised: on December 6, 1990, she was elected honorary member of the Latvian Academy of Sciences; she has twice received the Spidola Award, which is the highest recognition in Latvian literature. Belševica has also received the highest award of the Latvian State, namely the Three Star Order.
Works
Vizma Belševica published her first poems in 1947; her first book of poetry appeared in 1955. Her most notable poetry collections are Jūra deg (The Sea is Burning, 1966), Gadu gredzeni (Annual Rings, 1969), Madarās (In My Lady's Bedstraw, 1976), Kamola tinēja (The Clew Winder, 1981), Dzeltu laiks (Autumn Time, 1987). Her short stories' collections are Ķikuraga stāsti (Stories from Kikurags, 1965), Nelaime mājās (Misfortune at Home, 1979), Lauztā sirds uz goda dēļa (Broken Heart on the Board of Honour, 1997). During the post-Soviet period, Belševica wrote three semi-autobiographical books – stories about the girl Bille, following her life from the late 1930s, throughout the first year of Soviet occupation of Latvia (1940–41), the Nazi occupation (1941–45), and the first post-war years under Stalin's regime: Bille (Bille, 1992, 95), Bille un karš (initial title: Bille dzīvo tālāk) (Bille and War, 1996), Billes skaistā jaunība (The Wonderful Youth of Bille, 1999). Its first edition was published by the Latvian publisher Mežābele in 1992 in the United States and only in 1995 in Latvia. Now this trilogy has been recognized as one of the most important works of Latvian literature of all times. It has been translated into Swedish, but not in English.
Belševica's poetry and fiction has been translated in about 40 languages. Within the Soviet Union of the 1960s–1980s, several books of her selected poetry were published in Russian, Belarusian and Armenian. Her poems were translated into English by Inara Cedrins for the anthology Contemporary Latvian Poetry published by the University of Iowa Press in 1983. From the 1980s onwards, Belševica has been regularly present on the Swedish literary scene, (translator Juris Kronbergs), books of her poetry and Bille stories have enjoyed immense critical success and wide readership there. Her Selected Poems have been published also in Norway, Denmark and Iceland. Selected Short Stories – in Russia, Georgia and Germany. The Russian translation of the Bille trilogy has been published in Riga, Latvia, the first two parts in a single volume in 2000, and the last part in 2002.
The first volume of the Bille trilogy was published in 2019 in Finnish.
In her work she criticized the situation of oppressed nations in Soviet Union, therefore from 1971 to 1974 she was not allowed to publish. Her name could not be mentioned in media. KGB agents searched her apartment twice confiscating manuscripts and notes.
References
Works cited
External links
Belševica. GRATITUDE and Other Poems
1931 births
2005 deaths
Writers from Riga
Latvian women novelists
Latvian women poets
20th-century Latvian poets
20th-century novelists
20th-century women writers
20th-century Latvian women writers
Maxim Gorky Literature Institute alumni |
4014052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mera%20Peak | Mera Peak | Mera Peak is a mountain in the Mahalangur section, Barun sub-section of the Himalaya and administratively in Nepal's Sagarmatha Zone, Sankhuwasabha. At it is classified as a trekking peak. It contains three main summits: Mera North, ; Mera Central, ; and Mera South, , as well as a smaller "trekking summit", visible as a distinct summit from the south but not marked on most maps of the region.
The height of Mera is often given as , and claimed to be the highest trekking peak. This figure actually points to nearby Peak 41, which was mistakenly named Mera in a list of Himalayan peaks, and the figures were copied to the official trekking peak list as they were, including the wrong location coordinates.
History
The region was first explored extensively by British expeditions in the early 50s before and after the ascent of Everest. Members of those teams included Edmund Hillary, Tenzing Norgay, Eric Shipton and George Lowe.
The first ascent of Mera Central was on May 20, 1953 by Col. Jimmy Roberts and Sen Tenzing (who was known by the nickname The Foreign Sportsman). Roberts was heavily involved in establishing the trekking industry in Nepal in the early 1960s. He was posthumously awarded the "Sagarmatha (Everest) National Award" by the government in May 2005.
Mera North is believed to have first been climbed by the French climbers Marcel Jolly, G. Baus and L. Honills in 1975, though some sources state that it was climbed on 29 October 1973 and the climbers included L. Limarques, Ang Lhakpa and two other Sherpas.
In 1986 Mal Duff and Ian Tattersall made the first ascent of the south west pillar. The route is approximately in length and graded at ED inf. The approach to the base of the pillar is extremely exposed to serac fall.
In September 2017, Hari Budha Magar summited Mera Peak, in doing so he became the first ever double above-knee amputee to climb a mountain over 6,000m in altitude.
Climbing routes
The standard route from the north involves high-altitude glacier walking. The west and south faces of the peak offer more difficult technical routes. Mera Peak provides the 360-degree panoramic views of 5 world highest mountains over 8000m: Mount Everest(8848m), Kangchenjunga(8586m), Lhotse(8516m), Makalu(8485m) and Cho Oyu(8201m) as well as many other peaks of Khumbu Region.
For experienced climbers it is a technically straightforward ascent, the main hurdle being proper acclimatization to the high altitude. These reasons make Mera Peak a very popular destination, with many adventure tour companies offering guided trips to the mountain for clients with little or no mountaineering experience. All climbers are recommended to partake in preparative fitness and altitude training before attempting an ascent.
References
External links
View from the summit of Mera Peak
Panorama from the summit of Mera Peak
Route Map of Mera Peak from Lukla
Annotated maps and photos of Mera Peak, on Günter Seyfferth's Die Berge des Himalaya (The mountains of Himalaya) website
Mountains of the Province No. 1
Six-thousanders of the Himalayas
Solukhumbu District |
4014054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cadenabbia | Cadenabbia | Cadenabbia (Cadenabbia di Griante) is a small community in Lombardy, Italy, in the province of Como, on the west shore of Lake Como. The community is part of the comune of Griante, between the communities of Menaggio and Tremezzo.
Cadenabbia is a favorite spring and autumn resort, owing to the great beauty of the scenery and of the vegetation, and its sheltered situation. It also serves as a health resort and a holiday place for travellers. A favoured travel destination of the British since the 19th century, it is the site of one of the first Anglican churches built in Italy (1891).
Celebrity Connections
Author Mary Shelley stayed in the Albergo Grande hotel in Cadenabbia from July 14-September 8, 1840 along with her son, Percy Florence Shelley. She described her experiences there in her travel narrative Rambles in Germany and Italy published in 1844.
In 1853, Giulio Ricordi built a mansion, Villa Margherita Ricordi (Coordinates 45.994321N 9.238636E), in Cadenabbia di Griante on the shore of Lake Como where Verdi visited and is thought to have composed some parts of La Traviata.
Federal Chancellor Konrad Adenauer regularly took his holiday in Cadenabbia. He used to stay at the "Villa la Collina", built in 1899 and used, since 1977, as a conference centre by the Konrad Adenauer Institute.
Arthur Schnitzler wrote movingly about Cadenabbia's cemetery in a scene in his 1908 novel "Der Weg ins Freie" (The Road into the Open).
References
External links
Ferry Services on Italian Lakes - Lake Como
News and Events - Cadenabbia
Cities and towns in Lombardy |
4014066 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greely%20High%20School | Greely High School | Greely High School is a public high school for grades 9 to 12 located in Cumberland, Maine, United States. The enrollment is approximately 715 students. It also has a professional teaching staff of 64 and 50% of the teachers have advanced degrees. Greely High School is a part of Maine School Administrative District 51, which serves the towns of Cumberland and North Yarmouth. Renovated and added onto over the years, the building originally opened in 1868. The school completed a 10-million-dollar addition/renovation in 2009. Another addition completed in 2018 added a new auditorium to the school. It adopted the International Baccalaureate (IB) program in 2009.
History
Greely was founded in 1868 with money granted in the will of Eliphalet and Elizabeth Greely. Greely was originally private and known as the Greely Institute until a 1953 town meeting voted to make it a free school.
Notable alumni
Hanley Denning - Founder of Charity Safe Passage/Camino Segura
Ben True - Professional runner
Seal
References
External links
Greely High School website
Public high schools in Maine
High schools in Cumberland County, Maine
Cumberland, Maine |
4014067 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20Trucker | Live Trucker | Live Trucker is a live album by Kid Rock and Twisted Brown Trucker (credited as The Twisted Brown Trucker Band). Released on February 28, 2006, the album comprises songs from Kid Rock's homestands of Clarkston (on September 1, 2000, and August 26 through August 28, 2004) and The Palace at Auburn Hills (March 26, 2004). The album contained the last two performances of Joe C. on "Devil Without a Cause" and "Early Mornin' Stoned Pimp" as well as Gretchen Wilson dueting on "Picture". Other highlights included "Only God Knows Why", the medley of "Somebody's Gotta Feel This" and "Fist of Rage," bridged together by Led Zeppelin's "Whole Lotta Love".
"Cowboy" has the Dukes of Hazzard's theme song "Good Ol' Boys" removed from it. Likewise with "Devil Without a Cause" as AC/DC's "Back in Black" was removed from the first chorus.
"You Never Met a Motherfucker Quite Like Me" includes a verse of Lynyrd Skynyrd's "Free Bird" in the middle of the song. The album's final track is a rehearsal track from St. Louis 2004 called "Outstanding," a soul/funk cover originally done by The Gap Band.
The cover of the album is in the same style as the Bob Seger & The Silver Bullet Band album Live Bullet.
The album has sold just over 596,000 copies but the RIAA has yet to certify the album gold.
Track listing
Credits
Kid Rock-Vocals, Guitar, Acoustic Guitar, Piano, Drums, Percussion
Kenny Olson-Lead Guitar
Jason Krause-Metal Guitar
Aaron Julison-Bass Guitar
Mike Bradford-Bass Guitar on tracks 5 and 10
Smith Curry-Dobro, Lap Steel Guitar, Slide Guitar
Jimmie Bones-Piano, Keyboards, Organ, Wurlitzer, Harp
Stephanie Eulinberg-Drums, Percussion, Vocals
Paradime -Turntables, Vocals
Uncle Kracker -Turntables, Vocals on tracks 5 and 10
Joe C - Vocals on tracks 5 and 10
Gretchen Wilson -Vocals on track 7
Lauren Creamer-Background Vocals
Karen Newman-Background Vocals
Kid Rock albums
2006 live albums
Atlantic Records live albums |
4014075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evdev | Evdev | evdev (short for 'event device') is a generic input event interface in the Linux kernel and FreeBSD. It generalizes raw input events from device drivers and makes them available through character devices in the /dev/input/ directory.
The user-space library for the kernel component evdev is called libevdev. Libevdev abstracts the evdev ioctls through type-safe interfaces and provides functions to change the appearance of the device. Libevdev shares similarities with the read system call.
It sits below the process that handles input events, in between the kernel and that process.
kernel → libevdev → xf86-input-evdev → X server → X client
For Weston/Wayland, the stack would look like this:
kernel → libevdev → libinput → Wayland compositor → Wayland client
Since version 1.16 the xorg-xserver obtained support for libinput:
kernel → libevdev → libinput → xf86-input-libinput → X server → X client
evdev is primarily used by display servers like X.org (via xf86-input-evdev driver and libevdev) and Weston, as well as by games and console emulators making use of USB and Bluetooth controllers.
See also
References
External links
"Linux Input drivers v1.0" by Vojtech Pavlik, 2001 (Linux kernel document, now somewhat dated)
libevdev, a C library for evdev interface
Python bindings for evdev interface
Go bindings for evdev interface
"linux input ecosystem" by Joe Shaw, 1 October 2010 (blog post)
Interfaces of the Linux kernel
Linux kernel features |
4014080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boogers%20Are%20My%20Beat | Boogers Are My Beat | Boogers Are My Beat is a book containing a collection of articles written by Pulitzer Prize winning humor columnist Dave Barry. It was originally published by Crown Publishing Group in 2003.
Collecting columns written by Barry spanning the years 1999–2002, featured sections include his coverage of the 2000 Presidential Election (particularly its Democratic and Republican National Conventions, held in Los Angeles, California and Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, respectively, that year.
Also included are two feature, non-humor columns regarding the September 11, 2001 terror attacks. The first describes his emotions of despair and anger in the days following the disaster, with the second acting as a follow-up to the fate of United Flight 93 almost a full year following the events.
Comedy books
Works by Dave Barry
2003 non-fiction books
Works originally published in American newspapers |
4014091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longannet%20coal%20mine | Longannet coal mine | Longannet coal mine was a deep mine complex in Fife, Scotland.
History
Longannet was the remnant of three mines, established in the 1960s. Built on the north side of the Firth of Forth, east of Kincardine, it connected with the Bogside, Castlehill and Solsgirth Collieries, forming a single, five miles long, tunnel. They provided fuel for the nearby, 2,400MW Longannet Power Station.
The Bogside Colliery closed in the 1980s, and by the early 1990s, the Castlehill and Solsgirth coal reserves were exhausted. Production continued from the Castlebridge area. On privatisation of the coal industry, the complex passed into the ownership of Mining Scotland and later Scottish Coal (Deep Mine) Ltd. In the late 1990s, new "roadway" tunnels were driven to access a coal seam beneath the Forth, downstream of the Kincardine Bridge. When production from Castlebridge ceased, in 2000, the northern side of the complex was sealed off and flooded. Dams were constructed, isolating the old workings from the active Kincardine working.
In March 2002, millions of gallons of water flooded into the underground workings. The 15 people below ground at the time were in another part of the mine and all were evacuated safely. Shortly after the flooding, Scottish Coal (Deep Mine) Limited, went into receivership. It became clear that no new operator would take over the mine, and all the pumps were switched off, allowing further flooding. Without access, the true cause of the flooding could not be conclusively determined by the investigation. It was concluded that one of the dams, or the surrounding strata, had probably failed, but the exact reason was not known. The design margins for the dams appeared to be adequate.
Before the site's complete flattening in 2019 the multiple buildings on the site lay derelict with most of their interiors undamaged and untouched since its abandonment in late 2002 after the liquidation of Scottish Coal (Deep Mine) Ltd. The site now lies to the North East of a Specialist Sand Facility.
Longannet was the last deep mine of any significance in Scotland and its closure effectively ended underground coal mining in Scotland. As of 2008, opencast coal mining continued in Scotland, with 51.4% of Great Britain's opencast coal mines (18 out of 35 mines) and 60.1% of the saleable production by weight (5.68m tonnes out of 9.45m tonnes).
Footnotes
Buildings and structures in Fife
Economy of Fife
Coal mines in Scotland
Former mines in Scotland
Underground mines in Scotland
Former coal mines
1960s establishments in Scotland |
4014093 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown%20and%20Treaty | Crown and Treaty | The Crown and Treaty is a pub on Oxford Road in Uxbridge, London, England, where Charles I and his Parliamentary opponents during the English Civil War held negotiations (the Treaty of Uxbridge) between 30 January and 22 February 1645. It is a Grade II* listed, dating from 1576.
Description
The Crown and Treaty was built in the early sixteenth century as Place House. It was two thirds larger than it is today, but was reduced in size when Oxford Road was widened to accommodate the coaching traffic in the eighteenth century, and was converted into a coaching inn. The architectural conversion was overseen by Sir John Soane
Mercury Prize-nominated band Sweet Billy Pilgrim named their 3rd album Crown and Treaty after the pub.
The interior panelling
The wood panelling was sold in 1924 to decorate an office in the Empire State Building. However, as a gift to Elizabeth II during her coronation in 1953 the panelling was reinstalled in the inn.
The pub closed for refurbishing in April 2018, and reopened on 25 October 2019.
References
Pubs in the London Borough of Hillingdon
1645 in England
History of the London Borough of Hillingdon
Grade II* listed buildings in the London Borough of Hillingdon
Grade II* listed pubs in London
Uxbridge |
4014095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingscote | Kingscote | Kingscote may refer to:
Places
Kingscote, South Australia, a town
Kingscote Airport, airport on Kangaroo Island, South Australia
Kingscote, Gloucestershire, England
Kingscote railway station, Sussex, England
Other uses
Kingscote (surname), a surname
Kingscote (mansion) in Newport, Rhode Island, United States
Kingscote Park, Blackpool, a park in Blackpool, England
Kingscote Park (Gloucestershire), a house near Tetbury, England
Kingscote School for Girls, fictional school where Antonia Forest's Marlow family are educated |
4014099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arizona%20Highways | Arizona Highways | Arizona Highways is a magazine that contains travelogues and artistic photographs related to the U.S. state of Arizona. It is published monthly in Phoenix by a unit of the Arizona Department of Transportation (ADOT).
Background
The magazine began in July 1921 by the Arizona Highway Department (now the Arizona Department of Transportation) as a 10-page pamphlet designed to promote "the development of good roads throughout the state." Publication of the pamphlet ended on December 30, 1922, after nine issues. The publication was relaunched on April 15, 1925, as a regular magazine. In addition to the engineering articles, cartoons and travelogues were also included in the early issues. Over the next two decades the magazine reduced, and then stopped, inclusion of the road engineering articles and dedicated itself to the present format of travel tales, historical stories, and humor about the state of Arizona (including stories about Arizona's contribution to the history of the Old West), always enhanced by the now-legendary photography. This transition began largely under the watch of Raymond Carlson, who began as editor in 1938 and served until 1971; under his leadership the magazine stopped accepting advertisements and developed the editorial tone and style for which it is best known to the present day.
Arizona Highways has been well known for documenting the Native American people of Arizona and the Southwest, especially the Navajo, the Hopi and Apache; this includes stories and photos of life on the reservations, and centuries-old Native ceremonies such as the "sunrise dance" of the Apache. (Future U.S. Senator and 1964 presidential candidate Barry Goldwater first became known in the late 1930s for his photographs of Native American life in Arizona, as well as other scenic landscapes such as the Grand Canyon, published in the pages of Arizona Highways.) From time to time, special issues would be devoted to major places of interest in Arizona, such as the Phoenix and Tucson areas (as well as each of Arizona's major state-run universities), and the Grand Canyon. In selected issues, destinations in the Southwest outside of Arizona have been featured, including Bryce Canyon National Park in southern Utah. Several issues have been devoted exclusively to Mexico, documenting places of historical interest and natural beauty (including the border town of Nogales), accessible to Arizonans via a relatively short drive south of the border.
In the mid-1960s, there were reports that Arizona Highways had been designated as "subversive literature", despite being non-political, and subsequently banned by the authorities of various countries in the Eastern Bloc, including East Germany and the Soviet Union. Arizona Highways states that the reason the magazine was banned was because the magazine was believed to propagandize life in America.
Arizona Highways promoted the art of Ettore "Ted" DeGrazia, showcasing his artwork especially in their December issues. Beginning in the 1950s, the December issue became known as "Arizona's Christmas card to the world" as it was for many years the only issue of the year produced in full color, allowing for many dramatic and awe-inspiring color shots of the Arizona landscape, from the desert regions of the central and southern portions of the state to the snow-covered pine forests of Flagstaff and other northern areas. Arizona Highways began printing all issues in full color by the mid-1980s.
In 1946, photographer Ansel Adams started to contribute prints for the magazine. Photographs include "Arches, North Court, Mission San Xavier del Bac, Tucson, Arizona, 1968" and "Saguaro Cactus, Sunrise, Arizona, 1942". Since this time, the magazine has become known for its photography, often compared favorably with that of National Geographic and similar travel magazines. Three generations of the Muench family contributed landscape photographs to Arizona Highways: Josef Muench, an immigrant from Bavaria, whose first photos appeared in the late 1930s; son David Muench, who assisted his father as a teenager (his first of many Arizona Highways covers appeared in January 1955 when he was eighteen, and whose style became a standard followed by several later photographers for the magazine); and David's son Marc Muench, who became a fixture in Arizona Highways' pages starting in the 1980s. Pulitzer Prize-winning photojournalist Jack Dykinga has been a frequent contributor, as has been Jerry Jacka, known for not only landscapes but for his photos of the historic and contemporary art (and people) of Arizona's Native American communities. Five separate issues of Arizona Highways have been devoted entirely to Jacka's work.
Today, Arizona Highways monthly circulation surpasses 200,000 copies, with readers in 50 U.S. states and in two-thirds of the world's countries.
Although known primarily for its magazine, Arizona Highways also publishes books, calendars, and other Arizona-related products. Arizona Highways TV, which showcases many of the Arizona locations covered in the magazine, began production in 2004, hosted by former KNXV co-anchor Robin Sewell.
Notable contributors to Arizona Highways
Ansel Adams
Charles Bowden
Jack Dykinga
Barry Goldwater
Esther Henderson
Ray Manley
Ross Santee
References
External links
Arizona Highways Online at the Arizona Memory Project, Arizona State Library
Advertising-free magazines
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Arizona culture
Geographic magazines
Publications of state governments of the United States
Local interest magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1925
Magazines published in Arizona
Mass media in Phoenix, Arizona
Tourism magazines |
4014101 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bonnington%20%28disambiguation%29 | Bonnington (disambiguation) | Bonnington is a village and civil parish in Kent, England.
Bonnington may also refer to:
Places in the United Kingdom
Bonnington, East Lothian, Scotland
Bonnington, Edinburgh, within the City of Edinburgh
Bonnington Linn, near New Lanark, Scotland, a water feature
Other uses
Bonnington (sternwheeler), a lake steamer in British Columbia, Canada
Bonnington Aqueduct, part of the Union Canal west of Edinburgh, Scotland
Bonnington Chemical Works, a pioneering coal tar processing facility
Bonnington Falls, a former waterfall, British Columbia, Canada
Bonnington Falls, British Columbia, a community, British Columbia, Canada
Bonnington Pavilion, ruins of an 18th-century Scottish structure
Bonnington Range, part of the Columbia Mountains in southeastern British Columbia, Canada
Bonnington Square, square in Vauxhall, London, England
See also
Bonington (disambiguation) |
4014109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1997%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 1997 French Open – Women's singles | Iva Majoli defeated Martina Hingis in the final, 6–4, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 1997 French Open. Majoli became the first Croat to win a major title. This was the only major final Hingis lost in the 1997 season and prevented her from achieving the Grand Slam. Hingis was on a 35-match winning streak, dating to the start of the season in Sydney.
Steffi Graf was the two-time defending champion, but lost to Amanda Coetzer in the quarterfinals. It was the second consecutive major where Coetzer defeated Graf, after doing so in the fourth round of the 1997 Australian Open.
This tournament marked the major debut of future world No. 1 and seven-time major champion Venus Williams; she was defeated in the second round by Nathalie Tauziat.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
1997 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
1997 in women's tennis
1997 in French women's sport |
4014115 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kluky%20%28P%C3%ADsek%20District%29 | Kluky (Písek District) | Kluky is a municipality and village in Písek District in the South Bohemian Region of the Czech Republic. It has about 600 inhabitants.
Kluky lies approximately east of Písek, north-west of České Budějovice, and south of Prague. It lies on the road from Záhoří to Albrechtice nad Vltavou.
Administrative parts
Villages of Březí and Dobešice are administrative parts of Kluky.
References
Villages in Písek District |
4014116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Way%20I%20Am%20%28Ana%20Johnsson%20album%29 | The Way I Am (Ana Johnsson album) | The Way I Am is the international debut album by Swedish singer-songwriter Ana Johnsson and the second studio album overall. It was released on August 9, 2004, by Bonnier Amigo and Sony BMG. The album was the 2005 winner of the European Border Breakers Award for Sweden.
It is composed of the first seven songs of the first album, Cuz I Can, plus four new songs. The album spawned three singles: "We Are", which was the theme song from the Spider-Man 2 movie, and two songs co-written by Johnsson, "Don't Cry for Pain" and "Coz I Can", the latter making it to the top 5 most popular songs in Japan at the time of its release.
In addition to reaching the top 20 in Germany and Switzerland, The Way I Am was a commercial success in Japan, where it debuted at number four and went on to sell over 150,000 copies, receiving a Gold certification. It sold 300,000 copies worldwide.
Track listings
Standard album
Includes the videos:
On the road with... Ana Johnsson
We Are [music video] (without the Spider-Man 2 scenes)
Japanese version (CD/DVD)
CD
"We Are" – 3:57
"Don't Cry for Pain" – 3:48
"The Way I Am" – 3:32
"I'm Stupid" – 3:48
"Life" – 3:08
"6 Feet Under" – 3:45
"Coz I Can" – 3:03
"Crest of the Wave" – 4:50
"L.A." – 3:44
"Now It's Gone" – 3:43
"Here I Go Again" – 3:27
"Black Hole" [bonus track] – 3:58
DVD
"We Are" [video]
On the Road with Ana Johnsson (photo session in Japan) [video]
Japanese special edition 2CD
CD 1
As the regular CD.
CD 2
Includes the videos:
"Coz I Can"
"Don't Cry for Pain"
Note: The CD 2 tracks are from Johnsson's first album Cuz I Can.
Singles
Charts
1: The International Album Chart excludes Japanese artists. Peak position in parentheses is for the full album chart. The album peaked at No. 24 at the Japanese Oricon International Albums of 2004.
Credits
Production
Vocals, backing vocals: Ana Johnsson
Producer, mixer, instruments – Leif Larson
Producer, mixer, instruments – Marcus Black
Producer, mixer, instruments, arranged, recorder – Ghost
Producer, mixer, instruments, additional vocals – Mikael Nord Andersson, Martin Hansen
Producer, guitar – Max Martin, Johan Brorson, Christian Nilsson
Producer, mixer, arranged, keyboards, programming, backing vocals – Jörgen Elofsson
Producer, mixer, arranged, instruments – Kalle Engstrom, Carlk Falk
Producer, arranged, guitar, bass guitar, drums, programming – Mathias Venge
Mixer, – Stefan Glaumann
Mixer, – Bo Reimer
programming – Peter Wennerberg
Mastered by – Björn Engelmann at Cutting Room Studios
Additional musicians
Drums – Nicci Notini Wallin, Sank, Lars Morten, Alar Suurna
Drums, bass guitar – Olle Dahkstedt
Drums, percussion – Christer Jansson
Guitar, bass guitar – Ola Gustavsson
Guitar – Staffan Astner
Guitar – Mattias Blomdahl
Bass guitar – Thomas Lindberg
Bass guitar – Stefan Olsson
Strings – Stockholm Session Strings
Strings arranged and conducted by – Rutger Gunnarsson
Background vocals – Jurl, Didrik Thott, Andreas Carlsson
Artwork
Photography by – Ralf Strathmann
Artwork by – Christian Bagush, dangerous. Berlin
Release history
References
Ana Johnsson albums
2004 debut albums
Albums produced by Ghost (production team)
Sony BMG albums |
4014119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Spadavecchia | John Spadavecchia | John Spadavecchia is an American professional poker player from Lighthouse Point, Florida.
Spadavecchia has been a regular on the poker tournament circuit since the 1980s, with his first finish in the money of a World Series of Poker (WSOP) event coming in the 1988 World Series of Poker in the $10,000 no limit Texas hold 'em main event where he finished 28th, earning him $8,750.
World Series of Poker bracelets
Poker career
Spadavecchia has cashed in a total of three World Series of Poker main events, the first coming in 1988. The second cash was in 1994 where he made the final table, placing third, earning him $294,000. The third came in 2007 where he placed 60th, earning him $154,194.
He has cashed in the WSOP events more than two dozen times. Spadavecchia won his bracelet in the 1991 WSOP, defeating three-time bracelet winner Dewey Tomko, to win the title and $58,500 cash prize. He came close to winning a second bracelet in 1995 in the $2,500 Seven Card Stud event, but lost to Dan Robison in the heads-up play.
He has cashed in the World Series of Poker Circuit Events a total of seven times, including two first-place finishes, for a total of $791,796. That figure puts him third on the all-time total WSOP circuit event earnings list. His biggest career win came in the 2005/2006 WSOP Circuit Event - Caesars Palace no limit hold 'em $10,000 buy-in Championship. There he placed first, earning him $648,320. That win qualified him to play in the 2006 World Series of Poker Tournament of Champions.
As of 2009, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,500,000. His 26 cashes at the WSOP account for $1,104,613 of those winnings.
Notes
American poker players
Living people
World Series of Poker bracelet winners
World Series of Poker Circuit event winners
Year of birth missing (living people)
Super Bowl of Poker event winners
People from Lighthouse Point, Florida
Sportspeople from Broward County, Florida |
4014120 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pio%20Gama%20Pinto | Pio Gama Pinto | Pio Gama Pinto (31 March 1927 – 24 February 1965) was a Kenyan journalist, politician and freedom fighter. He was a socialist leader who dedicated his life to the liberation of the Kenyan people and became independent Kenya's first martyr in 1965.
Early years
Pinto was born in Nairobi on 31 March 1927 to a Kenyan Asian family of Konkani Goan Catholic descent. Born to immigrant Goan parents hailing from the Portuguese Overseas Province of Goa, his father was an official in the colonial government of Kenya while his mother was a housewife. At age eight, he was sent to India for his education and spent the next nine years there, passing his matriculation exams at St. Joseph's High School, Arpora and then studying science at Karnatak College, Dharwar for two years before joining the Indian Air Force in 1944 as an apprentice ground engineer. He then took up a job in the Posts and Telegraph office in Bombay, participated in a general strike and became a founding member of the Goa National Congress whose aim was the liberation of Goa from Portuguese rule. When only seventeen, he started an agitation in Bombay against the Portuguese colonial occupation of Goa. His political activism soon made it necessary for him to return to Kenya to avoid being arrested and deported to the Tarrafal concentration camp in Cape Verde.
Political career
In 1949 Pinto returned to Kenya and, after a succession of clerical jobs, became involved in local politics aimed at overthrowing British colonial rule in Kenya. He turned to journalism and worked with the Colonial Times and the Daily Chronicle. In 1954, five months after his marriage to Emma Dias, he was rounded up in the notorious Operation Anvil and spent the next four years in detention on Manda Island. He was kept in confinement from early 1958 until October 1959 at Kabarnet.
In 1960 he founded the Kenya African National Union (KANU) newspaper Sauti Ya KANU, and later, Pan African Press, of which he subsequently became Director and Secretary.
Pinto played an active role in campaigning for KANU during the 1961 elections which it won. In 1963 he was elected a Member of the Central Legislative Assembly and in July 1964 was appointed a Specially Elected Member of the House of Representatives. He worked to establish the Lumumba Institute in 1964 to train KANU party officials.
Assassination
In Nairobi, on 24 February 1965, Pinto was shot at very close range in the driveway while waiting for the gate to open. He was with his daughter in his car at the time of his killing. The police set out to find three gunmen in connection with the murder. Kisilu Mutua and Chege Thuo, teenagers at the time, were arrested on the day of the murder. Kisilu and Chege informed the C.I.D. that they were hired by Ochola Mak’Anyengo, the secretary general of the Kenya Petroleum Oil workers union, to frighten Pinto ostensibly on account of his interfering with the union. Mak’Anyengo was arrested following these accusations. At the police lineup however, the accused affirmed that Ochola Mak’Anyengo resembled the man who hired them, but he was not the actual culprit who had identified himself as Mak'Anyengo. Ochola Mak’Anyengo was cleared of any involvement and released. After the case was heard in court, Thuo was acquitted, but Mutua was given the death sentence. This sentence was later reduced to life in prison following an appeal.
Pinto became the first Kenyan politician to be assassinated after Independence. At the time of his assassination, Pinto was 38. He was survived by his wife, Emma and his three daughters Linda, Malusha and Tereshka. Two years after the assassination, Emma and her daughters migrated to Canada. Different theories have been forwarded about the assassination with some suggesting that Pinto was killed by Jomo Kenyatta's men and others seeing Pinto's assassination as the extermination of an avowed Communist with links to the Mozambican liberation movement by neocolonial forces. An article published in Transition magazine in 1966 noted that a letter was circulated amongst Members of Parliament after Pinto’s murder warning of the risks of cooperating with the eastern bloc. Bildad Kaggia was quoted saying that Pinto’s killing was not an ordinary murder but a political one. Despite the wide perception that this was a political assassination, the police investigation treated the murder as not political.
When Mutua, convicted for the murder of Pinto, was released after 35 years in prison through a presidential pardon by President Daniel Arap Moi, Mutua insisted on his innocence and called for thorough investigations to identify Pinto's true assassins.
Posthumous commemoration
After his death, Pio Pinto's colleagues established a Pinto Trust Fund to help his widow and family to which leftist governments such as those of China and Tanzania contributed. In September 1965, Mrs. Emma Gama Pinto was invited to Santiago, Chile, to receive a posthumous prize awarded to her husband by the International Organisation of Journalists for his contribution in journalism to the liberation of African countries from foreign domination and exploitation. In 2008, Kenya released a series of four stamps titled Heroes of Kenya, one of which depicted Pinto.
References
1927 births
1965 deaths
Assassinated Kenyan politicians
Deaths by firearm in Kenya
Kenya African National Union politicians
Kenyan people of Indian descent
Goan Catholics
People murdered in Kenya
Kenyan people of Goan descent
Kenyan Roman Catholics
Kenyan trade unionists
Kenyan politicians of Indian descent
Kenyan socialists |
4014139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Jones%20%28U.S.%20diplomat%29 | Richard Jones (U.S. diplomat) | Richard Henry Jones (born August 26, 1950) is an American diplomat and the former Deputy Executive Director of the International Energy Agency.
Jones is a career Foreign Service Officer and member of the Senior Foreign Service. He has served as United States Ambassador to Israel (2005–2008), Senior Advisor to the Secretary of State and Coordinator for Iraq Policy (February–September 2005), Chief Policy Officer and Deputy Administrator for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Baghdad (November 2003 - June 2004), Ambassador to Kuwait (2001–2004), Ambassador to Kazakhstan (1998–2000), and Ambassador to Lebanon (1996–1998).
Early life and education
Jones was born at Barksdale Air Force Base in Bossier Parish, Louisiana. He received his Bachelor of Science degree with distinction in mathematics from Harvey Mudd College in Claremont, California and earned a master's and doctorate in business/statistics from the University of Wisconsin, Madison.
Career
Jones has been twice posted to the embassy in Riyadh and has also served in Paris and Tunis and was director of the Division of Developed Country Trade in the Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs (1987–1989) of the State Department, and later director of the State Department’s Office of Egyptian Affairs within its Bureau of Near Eastern Affairs.
Jones served as ambassador to Lebanon from February 1996 until July 1998 and ambassador to Kazakhstan from December 1998 until July 2001. He served as ambassador to Kuwait from September 2001 until July 2004. From November 2003 until June 2004, Jones served concurrently as Chief Policy Officer and Deputy Administrator for the Coalition Provisional Authority in Baghdad. He worked in Kuwait to enlisting Kuwaiti support for the Iraq War and worked under L. Paul Bremer to implement the November 15, 2003 Agreement with the Iraqi Governing Council. Jones was a senior fellow at the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard University's John F. Kennedy School of Government from September 2004 until January 2005.
In February 2005 Jones was named Senior Advisor to the Secretary of State and Coordinator for Iraq Policy (S/I) the highest-ranking State Department post focused entirely on Iraq policy. Jones chaired an Under Secretary of State-level interagency steering group charged with reviewing and developing Iraq policy and led U.S. diplomatic efforts on Iraq with the international community, including preparations for the June 22, 2005 Iraq International Conference in Brussels.
Jones was sworn in as ambassador to Israel by Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick on September 6, 2005. He left that position on August 1, 2008.
Jones served as the deputy executive director of the International Energy Agency, based in Paris from 1 October 2008 until end of September 2013.
Jones most recently served as Chargé d'affaires ad interim at the U.S. Embassy in Beirut, Lebanon from November 2015 until June 2016.
Personal life
He is fluent in Arabic, French, German, and Russian. He served two terms on the board of the Saudi Arabian International School in Riyadh. He enjoys hiking and bicycling, as well as winter and racquet sports.
Jones married Joan Wiener in 1973 and has four children: Josh (1977), Vera (1980), Ben (1991), and Hope (1992).
External links
Entry at the United States Department of State directory
CV of Richard H. Jones (IEA website)
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1950 births
Ambassadors of the United States to Israel
Ambassadors of the United States to Kazakhstan
Ambassadors of the United States to Kuwait
Ambassadors of the United States to Lebanon
Harvey Mudd College alumni
International Energy Agency officials
Harvard Kennedy School people
Living people
People from Bossier Parish, Louisiana
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
United States Foreign Service personnel |
4014141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance%20against%20royalties | Advance against royalties | In the field of intellectual property licensing, an advance against royalties is a payment made by the licensee to the licensor at the start of the period of licensing (usually immediately upon contract, or on delivery of the property being licensed) which is to be offset against future royalty payments. It is also known as a guaranteed minimum royalty payment.
For example, a book's author may sell a license to a publisher in return for 5% royalties on sales of the book and a $5,000 advance against those royalties. In this case, the author would immediately receive the $5,000, and royalty payments would be withheld until $5000 in royalties already paid had been earned — that is, until the publisher's takings from selling copies of the book reached $100,000; after that point the 5% royalty would be paid on any additional sales.
In some business areas (e.g. film production), it is common practice for the licensee to demand repayment of any advance that is not covered by royalties, whereas in others (e.g. book publication) this practice is unusual.
See also
Advance payment
Royalties
References
Intellectual property law |
4014153 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keynsham%20railway%20station | Keynsham railway station | Keynsham railway station is on the Great Western Main Line in South West England, serving the town of Keynsham, Somerset. It is down the line from and is situated between and stations.
It is managed by Great Western Railway, which also operates all of the trains that call.
History
The station was opened on 31 August 1840 with the completion of the Great Western Railway line between Bristol and Bath. It was renamed Keynsham and Somerdale on 1 February 1925 with the opening of the Fry's chocolate factory at Somerdale, which had its own siding. The station was rebuilt in 1931 to accommodate longer trains bringing in workers who had transferred from a factory in Bristol belonging to the company.
Between 1841 and 1851 it had the possibly unique distinction, for a railway station, of featuring a Roman Orpheus mosaic set into a floor. This had been found at Newton St Loe, and is now in Bristol City Museum and Art Gallery.
Keynsham is the nearest station to the village of Saltford, which until 1970 had its own station.
The station's name reverted to Keynsham on 6 May 1974. By this time many workers had relocated to Keynsham, or commuted by car. The factory had its own rail system which was connected to the mainline. The connection to Fry's chocolate factory was taken out of use on 26–27 July 1980. The trackbed of this can still be seen opposite the entrance to the station car park, which is now a public walking route into the housing estate on what was the Somerdale sports fields.
The station was rebuilt in 1985 as a joint project between British Rail and Avon County Council. The rebuilding provided a new brick built shelter on platform 2, a new footbridge and the enlargement of the car park. Further construction work began in mid-2009. In 2011 a campaign group was formed to gain improved access for the disabled at the station. Recently a new disabled access ramp was built which provides wheelchair access between the footbridge and Platform 1. In addition to this, dot matrix display boards have been put up on both platforms. These displays are accompanied by audio announcements.
Accidents and incidents
On 18 March 1849, a passenger train became divided approaching Keynsham. The rear portion then ran into the front portion when the latter stopped at the station. One person was injured.
On 20 January 1853 a luggage train was derailed near Keynsham due to an axle failure on one of the carriages.
On 7 June 1865, a passenger train ran into the rear of another near Keynsham. An empty stock train ran into the wreckage. At least three people were injured.
Services
Passenger services are operated by Great Western Railway.
Keynsham Station has at least an hourly service in each direction between Monday and Saturday, with roughly a 2 hourly service on Sunday. Direct destinations include: ; ; ; Cardiff; ; ; and . The majority of its services are a combination of 2 hourly Weymouth trains and 2 hourly Southampton trains eastbound and an hourly service to Bristol and in the other direction. On summer Saturdays an extra train is run between and formed of either a Sprinter or a Class 166 Turbo, calling at Keynsham at 09:14, this train does not call at , , , , , or Upwey. There is one direct service from on Monday to Friday that calls at Keynsham at 08:06. A return service to London was introduced in Summer 2020, calling at Keynsham at 17:36. Passengers wishing to travel to London Paddington during the off peak hours should change at Bath Spa or Bristol Temple Meads. The typical journey times are approximately 7 minutes to Bristol and 10 minutes to Bath.
It is common to see a range of different train classes. These include: Class 150 (Sprinter); Class 158 (Express Sprinter); Class 166 (Turbo); Class 800 (Intercity Express Train). Keynsham also used to be a stop on West Coast Railways' Weymouth Seaside Express on Summer Sundays from July to September, although this train has not run since the railway upgrade works east of Bath in August 2015.
Keynsham is also a stop on a Parliamentary train that runs on weekdays from Filton Abbey Wood to Bath Spa, via Bristol West Curve. It does not call at Bristol Temple Meads.
Until the December 2021 timetable change, Keynsham was a stop on South Western Railway's London Waterloo to Bristol services. These trains detached from the rear of Waterloo to Exeter services at Salisbury.
Electrification
As part of the electrification of the Great Western Main Line, the line through Keynsham closed for 1 week in April 2016 so that Network Rail could carry out preparation work for the installation of the overhead wires. This involved the lowering of the track under the road bridge and the replacement of the canopy on platform 1. Also the brick shelter on the Bath (up) platform was enlarged. The canopy on Platform 2 was removed between 14 and 18 March 2016.
Bus links
The following bus services stop just outside the station on Station Road:
17 Keynsham to Southmead Hospital via Hanham
18 Bath to Kingswood via Oldland Common, and North Common.
All the services are operated by First West of England.Services 39 and 178 stop in the town centre just a short walk away.
A local bus service runs from the new Somerdale housing estate (being built on the grounds of the former Cadburys chocolate factory) to the Chandag Estate in the East of the town. Bath Bus Company service A4 stops outside the church in the town centre providing a half-hourly service to and from Bristol Airport via South Bristol 7 days a week. The A4 also provides a half-hourly service towards Saltford and Bath.
References
Keynsham
Former Great Western Railway stations
Great Western Main Linev
Railway stations in Bristol, Bath and South Gloucestershire
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1840
Railway stations served by Great Western Railway |
4014155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planning%20Institute%20Australia | Planning Institute Australia | Planning Institute of Australia (PIA) is the peak national body representing town planning and the planning profession in Australia. PIA represents approximately 5000 members nationally and internationally. It is governed by a National Board of Directors and managed by a professional administration. It is a member-based organisation with its management complemented by volunteers, who support and contribute to its activities on various levels.
PIA runs a number of events at both the National and State/Territory levels, including an annual National Congress, an Annual State Conference in most States/Territories, professional development seminars, and a number of social occasions. PIA also presents State and National Awards for Planning Excellence to recognise and publicise outstanding achievements in planning and design, and has a code of professional conduct to which all members are required to adhere.
PIA is closely aligned with a global network of other planning professional bodies throughout the world including the American Planning Association (APA) and Royal Town Planning Institute.
PIA also publishes Australian Planner, a peer-reviewed journal for the planning profession in Australia and the Pacific Region.
The Planning Institute of Australia holds an annual National Congress on a rotational basis between the capital cities.
Background
The origin of the Planning Institute was in early volunteer-based Australian town planning associations comprising a mixture of design professionals (architects, engineers and surveyors) and interested individuals. This included the Town Planning Association of NSW in 1913, and the Western Australian Town Planning Association in 1916.
In the 1930s a growing desire on the part of the qualified professionals to create advocacy groups modelled after the British Town and Country Planning Institute led to the formation of various state and City-based institutes. In their early years there was sometimes conflict between the institutes and volunteer-based associations.
The first of these bodies was the Town Planning Institute of Western Australia, formed by Harold Boas in 1931 and lasting only 4 years.
By 1950, various Australian professional associations representing town planners had consolidated into the Town Planning Institute of Australia (representing Victoria, Western Australia and Tasmania), the Town Planning Institute of South Australia and the NSW-based Town and Country Planning Institute of Australia. In January 1951, all three institutes met in Melbourne and formally agreed to amalgamate as the Regional and Town Planning Institute with Arthur Winston as the first president. This organisation became the only national organisation representing qualified urban and regional planners and other related disciplines in Australia.
It later became the Royal Australian Planning Institute until 2002, when the current name was adopted.
University affiliation
The Institute works closely Australian universities providing accreditation to town planning courses and programs. The current list of accredited programs includes:
ACT
University of Canberra (Bachelor of Planning Accreditation: to 2012)
University of Canberra (Master of Urban and Regional Planning Accreditation: to 2014)
New South Wales
University of Sydney
University of New South Wales
University of Technology, Sydney
Macquarie University
University of New England
Charles Sturt University
University of Western Sydney
Northern Territory
Northern Territory University
Queensland
University of Queensland
Griffith University
Queensland University of Technology
James Cook University
University of Sunshine Coast
Bond University
South Australia
University of Adelaide
University of South Australia – Master of Urban and Regional Planning
Flinders University
Tasmania
University of Tasmania
Western Australia
Curtin University
University of Western Australia
Victoria
La Trobe University
RMIT University
University of Melbourne
Deakin University
Victoria University
See also
Urban planning in Australia
References
External links
Planning Institute Australia official website
Professional associations based in Australia
Professional planning institutes
Urban planning in Australia |
4014162 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Songs%20for%20John%20Doe | Songs for John Doe | Songs for John Doe is the 1941 debut album and first released product of the Almanac Singers, an influential early folk music group.
The album was released in May 1941, at a time when World War II was raging but the United States remained neutral. The Soviet Union and Nazi Germany were still at peace, as provided by the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact. American Communists and "fellow travelers", including the Almanacs, followed the anti-interventionist stance dictated by the Soviet Union through the Comintern, which accounts for the appearance of anti-war songs on the album. However, on June 22, Germany invaded the Soviet Union. The Almanacs changed direction and began agitating for U.S. intervention in Europe. Songs for John Doe was quickly pulled from distribution, and those who had already purchased copies were asked to return them. After the Japanese attacks on Pearl Harbor, in February 1942 the Almanacs went into the studio to record a set of songs supporting the American war effort. The new political line was evident on the group's 1942 album, Dear Mr. President.
The opening song "Ballad of October 16" uses the melody of the folk song "Jesse James".
For the album, six masters were recorded in a two- or three-hour session. "'C' For Conscription" and "Washington Breakdown" were recorded as a single take.
Track listing
Personnel
Pete Seeger, vocal, banjo
Lee Hays, vocal
Millard Lampell, vocal
Josh White, vocal, guitar
Sam Gary, vocal
External links
Sam Gary discography (with picture of that album's cover)
1941 albums
Almanac Singers albums
Anti-war songs |
4014175 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Assembly%20%28Afghanistan%29 | National Assembly (Afghanistan) | The National Assembly (, ), also known as the Parliament of Afghanistan or simply as the Afghan Parliament, was the legislature of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan. It was effectively dissolved when the Taliban seized power on 15 August 2021, and transferred legislative authority to the Leadership Council. The Taliban issued a decree formally abolishing the National Assembly in May 2022. It was a bicameral body, comprising two chambers:
Meshrano Jirga () or the House of Elders: an upper house with 102 seats.
Wolesi Jirga () or the House of the People: a lower house with 250 seats
According to Chapter Five of the 2004 Constitution of Afghanistan, "the National Assembly of the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan as the highest legislative organ was the manifestation of the will of its people and represents the whole nation. Every member of the National Assembly took into judgment the general welfare and supreme interests of all people of Afghanistan at the time of casting their vote".
Duties of the National Assembly
Ratification, modification or abrogation of laws or legislative decrees;
Approval of social, cultural, economic as well as technological development programs;
Approval of the state budget as well as permission to obtain or grant loans;
Creation, modification and or abrogation of administrative units;
Ratification of international treaties and agreements, or abrogation of membership of Afghanistan in them;
Other authorities enshrined in this Constitution.
The Wolesi Jirga (House of People)
The Wolesi Jirga had 250 seats with members directly elected by the people. Sixty-eight women were elected to the seats reserved under the Constitution, while 17 of them were elected in their own right. Each province was given proportionate representation in the Wolesi Jirga according to its population. Each member of the Wolesi Jirga enjoyed a five-year term.
An aspiring candidate for the Wolesi Jirga had to fulfill the following criteria:
Be at least 25 years of age
Be a citizen of Afghanistan
Be registered as a voter
Be running as a representative in only one province
Pay a registration fee of 15,000 Afghanis (approximately US$300) which will be refunded provided the candidate wins at least three percent (3%) of the vote
Submit a nomination form along with photocopies of 500 voter ID cards supporting the candidacy
In addition, no candidate could have been charged with crimes against humanity.
The Meshrano Jirga (House of Elders)
The Meshrano Jirga consisted of a mixture of appointed and elected members (total 102 members). Sixty-eight members were selected by 34 directly elected Provincial Councils, and 34 were appointed by the President. President Karzai's appointments were vetted by an independent UN sponsored election board and included 17 women (50%), as required by the Constitution.
Each provincial council elected one council member to serve in the Jirga (34 members), also each district council (34 members). Representatives of provincial councils served a term of four years, while representatives of district councils served a term of three years. Sebghatulla Mojadeddi was appointed President of Meshrano Jirga.
An aspiring candidate for the Meshrano Jirga had to fulfill the following criteria:
Be at least 35 years of age
Be a citizen of Afghanistan
In addition, no potential member of the Meshrano Jirga could have been charged with crimes against humanity.
New Parliament building
The National Assembly is located next to the famous Darul Aman Palace in Darulaman, which is the southwestern section of Kabul where many important national institutions are found. The current building for the Assembly was built by India as part of its contribution in the rebuilding of Afghanistan. It was inaugurated in late 2015 by Afghan President Ashraf Ghani and his guest Narendra Modi, the Prime Minister of India. The current Parliament was inaugurated on April 26, 2019 after being sworn in by Ghani.
The foundation stone for the new National Assembly Building was laid in August 2005 by the last reigning monarch of Afghanistan, King Zahir, in the presence of Hamid Karzai and Manmohan Singh. India's Central Public Works Department (CPWD) was the consultant for the project and the contract was awarded to an Indian infrastructure company in 2008. The new Parliament building is corralled in a 100-acre plot in the famous Darulaman section of Kabul. It sits next to two historical landmarks: the Darul Aman Palace and the Tajbeg Palace.
The construction work on the $220 million dollar building was initially slated to be complete by 2012, in 36 months. The deadline, however, was pushed back due to challenging work conditions, shortage of skilled workforce and precarious security environment. More than 500 laborers had worked on the building, most of them Indian nationals. The main attraction of the building is a bronze dome of 32 meter diameter and 17.15 meter height is considered to be the largest dome in Asia. The big dome will cover the assembly hall and the small dome will be over the entrance lobby. In front of the building, there is a water body with nine cascading fountains. Inside the building, a 20-feet fountain, made of green marble imported from Indian city of Udaipur, has been installed.
On December 25, 2015, during a state visit of Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi, the new Parliament building was inaugurated along with President Ashraf Ghani. Ghani tweeted: "Pleased to welcome PM Modi to Kabul. Though, India & Afghanistan need no introduction, we are bound by a thousand ties... We have stood by each other in the best and worst of times."
See also
Afghan Youth Parliament
Politics of Afghanistan
Afghan parliamentary election, 2018
List of legislatures by country
Afghanistan–India relations
Women in the Parliament of Afghanistan
References
External links
Official website (archived 15 August 2021) |
4014192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uroporphyrinogen%20III%20decarboxylase | Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase | Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase (uroporphyrinogen decarboxylase, or UROD) is an enzyme () that in humans is encoded by the UROD gene.
Function
Uroporphyrinogen III decarboxylase is a homodimeric enzyme () that catalyzes the fifth step in heme biosynthesis, which corresponds to the elimination of carboxyl groups from the four acetate side chains of uroporphyrinogen III to yield coproporphyrinogen III:
uroporphyrinogen III coproporphyrinogen III + 4 CO2
Clinical significance
Mutations and deficiency in this enzyme are known to cause familial porphyria cutanea tarda and hepatoerythropoietic porphyria. At least 65 disease-causing mutations in this gene have been discovered.
Mechanism
At low substrate concentrations, the reaction is believed to follow an ordered route, with the sequential removal of CO2 from the D, A, B, and C rings, whereas at higher substrate/enzyme levels a random route seems to be operative. The enzyme functions as a dimer in solution, and both the enzymes from human and tobacco have been crystallized and solved at good resolutions.
UroD is regarded as an unusual decarboxylase, since it performs decarboxylations without the intervention of any cofactors, unlike the vast majority of decarboxylases. Its mechanism has recently been proposed to proceed through substrate protonation by an arginine residue. A 2008 report demonstrated that the uncatalyzed rate for UroD's reaction is 10−19 s−1, so at pH 10 the rate acceleration of UroD relative to the uncatalyzed rate, i.e. catalytic proficiency, is the largest for any enzyme known, 6 x 1024 M−1.
References
Further reading
External links
EC 4.1.1 |
4014199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukio%20Kasaya | Yukio Kasaya | is a Japanese former ski jumper. At the 1972 Olympics in Sapporo he became the first Japanese athlete to win a gold medal and the second Japanese (after Chiharu Igaya) to win any medal at the Winter Olympics. Previously he placed second at the 1970 World Championships and won the first three jumping events at the 1971/72 Four Hills Tournament. He also took part in the 1964, 1968 and 1976 Olympics and served as the Olympics flag bearer for Japan in 1976 and 1998.
Kasaya took up ski jumping at the Taketsuru facility in his native Yoichi, which was built by the founder of Nikka Whisky Distilling Masataka Taketsuru. The facility was renamed after Kasaya in 1972. Kasaya was a long-term employee of the Nikka distillery, eventually becoming its section head.
References
External links
1943 births
Living people
Japanese male ski jumpers
Ski jumpers at the 1964 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1968 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1972 Winter Olympics
Ski jumpers at the 1976 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Japan
Sportspeople from Hokkaido
People from Yoichi, Hokkaido
Olympic ski jumpers of Japan
Olympic medalists in ski jumping
FIS Nordic World Ski Championships medalists in ski jumping
Recipients of the Medal with Purple Ribbon
Medalists at the 1972 Winter Olympics
Persons of Cultural Merit |
4014211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlechchha%20dynasty | Mlechchha dynasty | The Mlechchha dynasty (c. 650 - 900) ruled Kamarupa from their capital at Harruppesvar in present-day Tezpur, Assam, after the fall of the Varman dynasty. According to historical records, there were twenty one rulers in this dynasty, but the line is obscure and names of some intervening rulers are not known.Like all other Kamarupa dynasties which extended till central Assam,a semi-mythical lineage from Narakasura was constructed to accord legitimacy to their rule. The Mlechchha dynasty in Kamarupa was followed by the Pala kings. The dynasty is unrelated to the previous Varman dynasty.
Sources
Salasthambha is first mentioned in an inscription 175 years into the rule of the dynasty.
The Hayunthal Copper Plates, dated to the middle of 9th Century CE, mentions multiple kings from the dynasty in a chronological fashion — Salastamba, Vijaya, Palaka, Kumara, Vajradeva, Harsavarman, Balavarman, [unnamed], Harjaravarman, and Vanamala. The Tejpur Copper Plates (since lost), roughly dated to the same spans, primarily chronicles Vanamala — other rulers like Pralambha, and Harjaravarman are mentioned. The Parbatiya Copper Plates, again roughly dated to the middle of 9th Century CE, chronicles Vanamala.
Origins and etymology
It is not clear how Salasthambha, the first of this dynasty, came to power.
Suniti Kumar Chatterji as well Dineshchandra Sircar propose that Salastambha was a Bodo-Kachari chief of Mech, which was later sanskritized to Mleccha; an inscription from the reign of a king from the later Pala dynasty claims him to be a mlecchādhināth (Lord of The Mlecchas). An illegible explanation of their's being called mlecchas was provided over the Hayunthal Plates, too.
Symbolically, Mleccha designation could mean suppression of Vedic religion and the predominance of tantric vamacara practised by saivites and saktas. So, ethnic identity of Salastambha family could be same as Varmans but came to be known as mlecchas.
According to some historians, the remnant of the Mlechchha kingdom formed the later Kachari kingdom.
Rulers
The grants of Ratnapala give the list of 21 kings from Salastambha to his line.
Salastamba (650-670)
Vijaya alias Vigrahastambha
Palaka
Kumara
Vajradeva
Harshadeva alias Harshavarman (725-745)
Balavarman II
Jivaraja
Digleswaravarman
Salambha
Harjjaravarman (815-832)
Vanamalavarmadeva (832-855)
Jayamala alias Virabahu (855-860)
Balavarman III (860-880)
Tyagasimha (890-900)
References
Bibliography
Dynasties of India
People from Kamarupa |
4014228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Filamentation | Filamentation | Filamentation, also termed conditional filamentation, is the anomalous growth of certain bacteria, such as Escherichia coli, in which cells continue to elongate but do not divide (no septa formation). The cells that result from elongation without division have multiple chromosomal copies. In the absence of antibiotics or other stressors, filamentation occurs at a low frequency in bacterial populations (4–8% short filaments and 0–5% long filaments in 1- to 8-hour cultures). The increased cell length can protect bacteria from protozoan predation and neutrophil phagocytosis by making ingestion of cells more difficult. Filamentation is also thought to protect bacteria from antibiotics, and is associated with other aspects of bacterial virulence such as biofilm formation. The number and length of filaments within a bacterial population increases when the bacteria are treated with various chemical and physical agents (e.g. DNA synthesis-inhibiting antibiotics, UV light). Some of the key genes involved in filamentation in E. coli include sulA and minCD.
Filament formation
Direct, extrinsic causes of filamentation
Filamentation can be induced by the inhibition of cell division via exposure to antibiotics that inhibit divisome assembly or septal peptidoglycan synthesis. Some peptidoglycan synthesis inhibitors (e.g. cefuroxime, ceftazidime) induce filamentation by inhibiting the penicillin binding proteins (PBPs) responsible for crosslinking peptidoglycan at the septal wall (e.g. PBP3 in E. coli and P. aeruginosa). Because the PBPs responsible for lateral wall synthesis are relatively unaffected by cefuroxime and ceftazidime, cell elongation proceeds without any cell division and filamentation is observed. Bacteriophage infection can also result in filamentation via the expression of proteins that inhibit divisome assembly.
DNA synthesis-inhibiting and DNA damaging antibiotics (e.g. metronidazole, mitomycin C, the fluoroquinolones, novobiocin) induce filamentation via the SOS response. The SOS response inhibits septum formation until the DNA can be repaired, this delay stopping the transmission of damaged DNA to progeny. Bacteria inhibit septation by synthesizing protein SulA, an FtsZ inhibitor that halts Z-ring formation, thereby stopping recruitment and activation of PBP3. If bacteria are deprived of the nucleobase thymine by treatment with folic acid synthesis inhibitors (e.g. trimethoprim), this also disrupts DNA synthesis and induces SOS-mediated filamentation. Direct obstruction of Z-ring formation by SulA and other FtsZ inhibitors (e.g. berberine) induces filamentation too.
Some protein synthesis inhibitors (e.g. kanamycin), RNA synthesis inhibitors (e.g. bicyclomycin) and membrane disruptors (e.g. daptomycin, polymyxin B) cause filamentation too, but these filaments are much shorter than the filaments induced by the above antibiotics.
Stress-induced filamentation
Filamentation is often a consequence of environmental stress, or starvation, and has been observed in response to temperature shocks, low water availability, high osmolarity, extreme pH, and UV exposure. UV light damages bacterial DNA and induces filamentation via the SOS response.
Starvation-induced filamentation
Nutritional changes may also cause bacterial filamentation. For example, if bacteria are deprived of the nucleobase thymine by starvation, this disrupts DNA synthesis and induces SOS-mediated filamentation.
Nutrient-induced filamentation
Several macronutrients and biomolecules can cause bacterial cells to filament, including several amino acids: glutamine, proline and arginine and branched-chain amino acids. Certain bacterial species, such as Paraburkholderia elongata, will also filament as a result of a tendency to accumulate phosphate in the form of polyphosphate, which can chelate metal cofactors needed by division proteins. Filamentation is also induced in nutrient-rich conditions by Bordetella atropi where the bacterial divisome is suppressed by the highly conserved UDP-glucose pathway, enabling bacteria to detect entry into host cells and transit into neighboring cells.
Intrinsic dysbiosis-induced filamentation
Filamentation can also be induced by other pathways affecting thymidylate synthesis. For instance, partial loss of dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) activity causes reversible filamentation. DHFR has a critical role in regulating the amount of tetrahydrofolate which is essential for purine and thymidylate synthesis. DHFR activity can be inhibited by mutations or by high concentrations of the antibiotic trimethoprim (see antibiotic-induced filamentation above). Other The overcrowding of the periplasm or envelope can also which can prevent normal divisome function, resulting in filamentation.
Filamentation and biotic interactions
Several examples of filamentation that results from biotic interactions between organisms have been reported. Filamentous cells are resistant to ingestion by bacterivores and environmental conditions generated during predation can trigger filamentation. Filamentation can also be induced by signalling factors produced by other bacteria. Agrobacterium spp. filaments in proximity to plant roots (Finer et al., 2001) while E. coli filaments when exposed to plant extracts.
See also
Bacterial morphological plasticity
Segmented filamentous bacteria
References
Cellular processes
Microbiology |
4014244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Devine | Joseph Devine | Joseph Devine (7 August 1937, Kirkintilloch – 23 May 2019) was the Roman Catholic Bishop of Motherwell in Scotland.
He was educated at St Ninian's School, Kirkintilloch, St. Mary's College, Blairs and St. Peter's College, Cardross. He was ordained priest on 29 June 1960 at the Pontifical Scots College in Rome. He received his Ph.D. in 1964 from the Pontifical Gregorian University, Rome.
He was private secretary to the Archbishop of Glasgow from 1964 to 1965. He was assistant priest at St. Robert Bellarmine, Pollok, Glasgow (1965–67) and at St. Joseph's, Helensburgh (1967–1972). He was on staff at St. Peter's College, Cardross (1967–1974).
He served on the staff of the Episcopal Vicar for the Lay Apostolate from 1974 to 1983. He was appointed Auxiliary Bishop on 5 May 1977, aged 39. He was ordained bishop by Thomas Joseph Winning, Archbishop of Glasgow, in St. Francis' Church, Gorbals, Glasgow, on 31 May 1977. He was translated to the Diocese of Motherwell on 13 May 1983, aged 45.
Bishop Devine handed his resignation to the Vatican on 7 August 2012, his 75th birthday, as required by canon law, this was accepted on 30 May 2013 at which point Bishop Joseph Toal, Bishop of Argyll and the Isles was appointed apostolic administrator. The Diocese of Motherwell was a Sede Vacante until his successor, Bishop Joseph Toal, was appointed by Pope Francis on 29 April 2014 with his installation taking place on 23 June 2014 where Bishop Devine handed over the diocesan Crozier to the new bishop. Joseph Devine died Thursday 23 May 2019 after a short stay in Wishaw General Hospital.
Public views on denominational education
In September 2002 Bishop Devine said "Denominational education is an enabler of sectarianism", also "Roman Catholic schooling is divisive - sometimes it's a price worth paying". He justified the remarks by saying "The Catholic community believes that with denominational schooling comes the creation of a common set of values - a coherent system that has the academic curriculum and moral and spiritual life in tandem".
Public views on Parishes
In February 2008 he called for an audit of police officers to combat sectarian discrimination against Catholics. The discrimination includes denying promotion to Catholics above a certain rank. Anti-sectarianism charity Nil by Mouth supported the call.
Public views on homosexuality
In March 2008, as part of a public lecture on Sectarianism and Secularism, Devine drew controversy when he spoke about a perceived "gay lobby" attending Holocaust memorials "to create for themselves the image of a group of people under persecution." He identified this as part of a "giant conspiracy". Devine explained, "Like Mel Gibson, who said, 'I'm going to pick a fight', so am I...The homosexual lobby has been extremely effective in aligning itself with minority groups. It is ever present at the service each year for the Holocaust memorial, as if to create for themselves the image of a group of people under persecution."
Devine went on to criticise the decision to honour Sir Ian McKellen for his work for equality and, by way of illustrating the advances made in equality for gays, pointed out that Oscar Wilde had been jailed for homosexual offences. He also took the opportunity to give advice to parents of gay children. "This must be a nightmare moment for any parent. I would try to handle it with a degree of compassion. But I would not tolerate that kind of behaviour. I would not condemn but I would not tolerate it."
Critics of Bishop Devine cite that between 5,000 and 15,000 gay men were held in concentration camps by the Nazis as members of an "anti-social group." Historians estimate that 60% of them died while incarcerated.
In 2007, Bishop Devine stated that he would close the Roman Catholic adoption agencies rather than help same-sex couples to adopt children, and earlier in the year suggested that homosexual men and women would not be fit to teach in classrooms.
Financial controversies
In November 2008, Bishop Devine attracted controversy when he demolished his home in Hamilton, South Lanarkshire, in order to build a new residence at an estimated cost of £650,000. This occasioned criticism from many among his flock in the diocese, and from beyond. His purchase of the now demolished house also caused controversy in the tabloid press, who claimed that he had considered the acquisition of a property with a swimming pool. This was denied by Bishop Devine.
Sexual abuse scandal
In April 2013, The Observer alleged that as Bishop of Motherwell, Devine had protected priests who had sexually abused children and tried to silence or discredit their victims.
In 2016, Fr. John B. Farrell, a retired priest of the Diocese of Motherwell, the last Head Teacher at St Ninian's Orphanage, Falkland, Fife, was sentenced to five years imprisonment. His colleague Paul Kelly, a retired teacher from Portsmouth, was given ten years, both were convicted of the physical and sexual abuse of boys between the years 1979 and 1983. More than 100 charges involving 35 boys were made. Farrell and Kelly were members of the Irish Christian Brothers when the crimes were committed at the orphanage which closed in 1983. Although Farrell was not an ordained priest at the time when these specific offences were committed, an initial police investigation between 2000 and 2002 resulted in no charges. During this period, Farrell was in active ministry in the Diocese of Motherwell which at the time was led by Bishop Joseph Devine.
References
1937 births
2019 deaths
Clergy from Glasgow
20th-century Roman Catholic bishops in Scotland
21st-century Roman Catholic bishops in Scotland
People from Kirkintilloch
People educated at St Ninian's High School, Kirkintilloch
Roman Catholic bishops of Motherwell
Scottish Roman Catholic bishops |
4014249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Assembly%20%28Angola%29 | National Assembly (Angola) | The National Assembly () is the legislative branch of the government of Angola. The National Assembly is a unicameral body, with 220 members: 130 members elected by proportional representation and 90 members elected by provincial districts.
The People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola (MPLA) has held a majority in the Assembly since independence. Due to the Angolan Civil War, elections were delayed for years until they were eventually held in September 2008. The first elections under the new constitution were held in 2012, after a new constitution was adopted in 2010, increasing considerably the power of the President, and diminishing that of the National Assembly as well as that of the judiciary.
Jurisdiction
The Angolan government is composed of three branches of government: executive, legislative, and judicial. The executive branch of the government is composed of the President, the Vice-Presidents and the Council of Ministers. The legislative branch comprises a 220-seat unicameral legislature elected from both provincial and nationwide constituencies. On account of civil wars from independence, political power has been concentrated in the presidency. There are various temporary and permanent committees in the Assembly that help in the operational and administrative functions of the Assembly.
Selection of members
The Unicameral Parliament of Angola was scheduled was originally constituted with 229 elected members. for a period of three years after the elections. All Angolan citizens with 18 years of age were eligible to cast their vote. Citizens who were members of factional groups, had criminal record and who had not rehabilitated were barred from exercising their voting rights. The representatives of the provincial assemblies formed a college and they elected the representatives of the House of Parliament. The candidates were expected to be answerable to the citizens in public meetings, with their candidature approved by a majority in the province where they were getting nominated. A constitutional amendment on 19 August 1980 indicated that the Council formed during interim would be replaced by a national people's assembly and there would be 18 elected assemblies.
Premises
The original building of the National Assembly from 1980, also called People's assembly was located in Estúdio/Restauração Cinema in urban district of Ingombota. The new building inaugurated on 9 November 2015 was initiated on 15 October 2009, while the construction started on 17 May 2010. It is a part of the Political Administrative Centre covering an area of 72,000 Sq.m and a built area of 54,000 sq.m. The Centre accommodates Presidential Palace, the Palace of Justice, the Defence Ministry, Ministry of Justice and Human Rights, the Episcopal Palace and the premises of the former National Assembly headquarters. The New Assembly has 4,600 seats overall with 1,200 in meeting rooms. The compound has four blocks each with six floors, a basement parking that can accommodate 494 vehicles, out of which 34 is reserved for VIPs. The construction was carried out by Portuguese company Teixeira Duarte under the supervision of Special Works Office of the Government of Angola. The building was inaugurated by José Eduardo dos Santos on 10 November 2015.
Performance of political parties
Jose Eduardo dos Santos won the 1980 and 1986 elections and became the first elected President of the country. At the time, the country was a one-party state known as the Angolan People's Republic, with the People's Movement for the Liberation of Angola - Party of Labour (MPLA-PT) as the sole legal party. As a result, most candidates were members of the party, and two-thirds were re-nominated from 1980 elections in the 1986 elections. The civil war continued with UNITA fighting against the MLPA, with both parties taking international support. There was a cease-fire agreement during 1989, with the leader of UNITA, Jonas Savimbi, but it collapsed soon. As a part of its peace efforts, MLPA dropped its theme of Marxism–Leninism and moved over to democratic socialism. During May 1991, Dos Santos and Savimbi signed a multiparty democracy agreement in Lisbon. Dos Santos won the 1992, 2008 and 2012 elections as well in the Presidency elections, but different parties started performing. During the 1992 elections, when the first multi-party elections were held, UNITA secured 34.1 per cent vote in the assembly and won 70 seats. But during the 2008 and 2012, their win was reduced to 16 and 32 seats respectively, while the ruling MPLA won 191 and 175 seats respectively.
See also
List of presidents of the National Assembly of Angola
Politics of Angola
List of legislatures by country
References
External links
Constitutional Commission
Page under construction
Politics of Angola
Political organizations based in Angola
Angola
Angola |
4014270 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UnitingCare%20Australia | UnitingCare Australia | UnitingCare Australia is the national body for the UnitingCare network, made up of the Uniting Church in Australia's (UCA) community services agencies.
It is a sister body to UnitingJustice Australia, and UnitingWorld. All are agencies of the Uniting Church in Australia, National Assembly.
UnitingCare Australia advocates on behalf of the UnitingCare network to the Australian Federal Government.
UnitingCare network
UnitingCare is a brand name under which many Uniting Church community services agencies operate although they may be agencies of the respective Synods, or separate legal entities. Together with agencies under the Uniting Church in Australia without the UnitingCare brand, the agencies form the UnitingCare network.
The network is one of Australia's largest non-government community services provider networks, with over 1,600 sites Australia-wide. The UnitingCare network has 40,000 employees and 30,000 volunteers nationally, and provides services to children, young people and families, people with disabilities, and older Australians, in urban, rural and remote communities, including residential and community care, child care, homelessness prevention and support, family support, domestic violence and disability services.
Examples of non-UnitingCare branded agencies within the UnitingCare network include Uniting NSW.ACT, Uniting WA, Juniper (WA), Somerville Community Services (NT), and Uniting Communities (SA). The network also includes the Uniting Missions Network, made up of 34 missions such as the Wesley Missions in Queensland and NSW, and Blue Care in Queensland.
Mandate
UnitingCare Australia's mandate is:
To take up community service issues within the theological framework of the Uniting Church, particularly the Church's social justice perspectives.
To develop and reflect on the policies and practices of the Uniting Church in community services.
To pursue appropriate issues within the Uniting Church, with Government and the community sector, with the Australian community and with other parts of the church.
National Director
The National Director of UnitingCare Australia was Lin Hatfield Dodds until July 2016. Martin Cowling acted as the National Director between June 2016 and December 2016. Claerwen Little took up the position of National Director on 6 February 2017.
See also
Wesley Mission
Prahran Mission
The Wayside Chapel
References
External links
UnitingCare Australia
Uniting NSW.ACT
Uniting WA
Uniting Missions Network
UnitingJustice Australia
UnitingWorld
Blue Care
Uniting Church in Australia
Health charities in Australia
Social work organisations in Australia
Medical and health organisations based in the Australian Capital Territory |
4014271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ngome%20%28bread%29 | Ngome (bread) | Ngome is a flatbread made in Mali using only millet, water and vegetable oil. The millet is typically home-ground and coarse.
References
External links
Includes the author's recipe for ngome bread.
Flatbreads
Unleavened breads
Malian cuisine |
4014274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pine-Sol | Pine-Sol | Pine-Sol is a registered trade name of the Clorox Company for a line of household cleaning products, used to clean grease and heavy soil stains. Pine-Sol was based on pine oil when it was created in 1929 and during its rise to national popularity in the 1950s. However, as of 2016, Pine-Sol products sold in stores no longer contain pine oil, which was done to reduce costs.
History
Pine-Sol detergent was invented by Harry A. Cole of Jackson, Mississippi, in 1929.
In 1948, entrepreneur Robert Earnest "Dumas" Milner acquired Magnolia Chemical, the Jackson, Mississippi supplier of Pine-Sol. Milner put Howard S. Cohoon in charge of the firm which had six employees: three salesmen and three who produced the product. In the following five years Cohoon turned the company into a multi-million dollar operation selling 20 million bottles throughout the United States and 11 other nations. Cohoon modernized the operation from manual bottling and labeling to full automation.
According to Cohoon, at that time pine oil was produced from old yellow pine tree stumps which were previously regarded as worthless. After Pine-Sol went national, Milner Company began a national radio advertising campaign starting with the Robert Q. Lewis show in 1952. By 1955 the Milner company had purchased Perma-Starch, of Illiopolis, Illinois, and by 1959 Milner had grown to a $1.5 million daytime TV advertising package and a $100,000 radio buy shared between Pine-Sol and Perma-Starch.
In January 1956, the Federal Trade Commission ordered Milner Company to cease and desist an advertising campaign that related to the false claims regarding the effectiveness of Pine-Sol compared to other pine oil containing products. Milner Company had previously agreed to cease and desist several other false claims about germicidal and bactericidal properties of Pine-Sol in March 1951. In February 1963, the Dumas Milner Company, including Pine-Sol facilities in Jackson, Miss., and Perma-Starch plant in Illiopolis, Ill., was taken over by Wayne, N.J. based American Cyanamid for stock valued at $17 million. Howard S. Cohoon was to remain in charge of the division.
The Pine-Sol brand was acquired by Clorox from American Cyanamid's Shulton Group in 1990. The 2005 version of the original 8% to 10% pine oil based cleaner was acidic (pH 3–4) and could be used to remove bacteria from household surfaces. However, some of the products now contain bases (pH 10–11).
There was also a dispute between Clorox and Reckitt Benckiser over potential consumer confusion regarding the fact that both Lysol and Pine Sol both end in "sol" and are used for cleaning. The issues spawned negotiations, agreements and lawsuits among several involved companies over the years from the 1960s to late 1990s.
Formulation
According to 1950s Milner executive Howard S. Cohoon, producer of Pine-sol, pine oil is only formed in large stumps from cut-over timber that has remained in the ground for "at least 20 years." It is not found in live pine trees. When asked about the risk of running out, Cohoon estimated in 1954 that there was "enough to last for another 35 years." He was not worried about a shortage as he claimed pine oil could be produced synthetically.
Although the original Pine-Sol formulation was pine oil-based, today the cleaners sold under the Pine-Sol brand contain no pine oil.
In 2006, The Clorox Company's product line included "Clorox Commercial Pine-Sol Brand Cleaner", with the same ingredients and concentrations as "Original Pine-Sol Brand Cleaner 1."
In 2008, the material safety data sheet for the "Original Pine-Sol Brand Cleaner 1" formulation listed 8–12% pine oil, 3-7% alkyl alcohol ethoxylates, 1-5% sodium petroleum sulfonate and 1-5% isopropyl alcohol.
In January 2013, Clorox began making a product called Original Pine-Sol Multi-Surface Cleaner which included glycolic acid while lacking any pine oil.
In January 2014, Clorox announced that Pine-Sol products would no longer contain pine oil, due to pine oil's limited supply and increased cost. In response to consumer requests for the original formula, Clorox made available a product containing 8.75% Pine oil to online purchasers, but said it would not be sold in stores.
As of 2018, Pine-Sol can be found on store shelves with an ingredient label stating "Contains Pine Oil" but this is not listed as an active ingredient. Pine oil in modern Pine-Sol seems to be added for fragrance only, as the product still uses glycolic acid as the sole active ingredient.
References
External links
Clorox's online sales, via 1221 Market, portal for 8.75% pine oil
Clorox brands
Products introduced in 1929 |
4014276 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9d%C3%A9rick%20Raynal | Frédérick Raynal | Frédérick Raynal (born 1966) is a French video game designer and programmer, notable for his game developments in Infogrames, Adeline Software International and No Cliché. He is married to Yaël Barroz, a fellow game designer, with whom he has two children.
He is perhaps best known for Alone in the Dark, a game that established many conventions of the survival horror genre. Raynal also has a cult following for his Little Big Adventure series.
Raynal and other former Adeline members have repeatedly told fans that creating the third installment is made difficult by having to license or reacquire the rights to the franchise, which currently belong to Delphine Software International. However, Raynal has hinted that his current company, Ludoïd, which Raynal owns jointly with his wife, is attempting to negotiate the rights for a game to be called Little Big Adventure 3: Genesis of the Stellar Entity, and at least one sketch, by Didier Chanfray, related to development of the title has been leaked to the public, later to be confirmed as appurtenant by Raynal.
Career
Frederick Raynal was born in 1966 in Brive-la-Gaillarde, Corrèze (France). Beginning in his high school years, Raynal made early LED games including Laser (1979) for the ZX81. Shifting to software programming and working at his father's computer shop, Raynal's first commercial game, Robix 500 (1983), sold around 80 copies. During his time working here, Raynal also designed a suite of Minitel emulators: Minitelec (1986) for the Amstrad 464 through 6128 (Minitelec and Transmitelec), the Amstrad CPC6128 (Servitelec), and the PC-1512 (Minitelec Pro). He also produced graphics for the game PopCorn (1988), which was a moderate commercial success.
After joining the infant Infogrames he ported Alpha Waves (1990), a game which pushed new boundaries in gaming and is considered the first true 3D platform game. The port, from Atari ST to DOS, was actually a complete rewrite in C of the original Motorola 68000 assembly language code written by Christophe de Dinechin, after Raynal convinced Infogrames to make an exception to their policy of not porting assembly-language games. Convinced by his experience with Alpha Waves that the time was ripe for 3D graphics, he and his team soon went on to produce Alone in the Dark (1992), and worked on parts of the direct sequel (Alone in the Dark 2) before leaving the company. Alone in the Dark was a major contributor to the growth and success of Infogrames, and has since come to be widely regarded as a forefather of the survival horror genre. More importantly to Raynal himself, he became romantically involved with the game's graphic artist, Yaël Barroz, who gave birth to his first child shortly before Alone in the Dark was released.
Raynal formed Adeline Software International in 1993 with several former Infogrames members. With this new team, Raynal produced Little Big Adventure (1994), Time Commando (1996), and Little Big Adventure 2 (1997). He was also given special thanks on the PlayStation port of Fade to Black (1995).
Adeline was purchased by Sega in 1997 and became No Cliché. With No Cliché, Raynal and his team produced Toy Commander (1999), and Toy Racer (2000) both for Sega's Dreamcast system, and also helped Raster Productions into coding localisation for the European release of its Dreamcast Quake III Arena port (2000). During this time No Cliché also produced a spin-off entitled Toy Commander: Christmas Surprise (2000) as a free bonus with issue #10 of OD Magazine. For a time Raynal was also working on a survival horror game Agartha, which was cancelled due to Sega's decision to stop development on the Dreamcast. No Cliché remained together for a little while after the cancellation, attempting to create a PC port of Toy Commander. However, the group split before it could be finished.
Raynal went on to form F4-Toys (later F4) with Bruno Heintz where he began work on an action adventure game Trium Planeta. The game was to follow the style of Little Big Adventure, but was cancelled after a few months. Raynal also worked briefly at Little World Studio before forming his current company, Ludoïd. In 1997, Raynal was credited in the short film, Double Jeu.
On March 13, 2006, Raynal along with Shigeru Miyamoto and Michel Ancel were knighted by French Minister of Culture and Communication, Renaud Donnedieu de Vabres, as Knights of Arts and Literature. It was the first time that video game developers were honored this distinction.
Later, Raynal was involved as a consultant in the design of Soul Bubbles, a game for the Nintendo DS, published by Eidos Interactive. He left the project in the spring of 2006 to start a new game with Ubisoft Montpellier: Battle Tag, a laser tag shooter game, which was released in November 2010. In 2010, he was linked to Treasure Hunter Institute, a MMO adventure game developed by Ubisoft. This project was canceled in April 2011.
In 2014, he founded a new studio, Gloomywood, and announced his new survival game 2Dark.
Several years later, on September, 2021, Raynal joined a newly formed studio named [2.21] for the production of a new installment to the Little Big Adventure franchise. The release date is still unknown.
Games designed by Frédérick Raynal
Independent
Laser (1979, ZX81)
Robix 500 (1986, PC) (A.K.A. Robix)
PopCorn (1988, PC)
With Infogrames
The Toyottes (1990, PC port of an earlier Amiga game)
SimCity CDTV (1990, PC port of an earlier Amiga CDTV game)
Alpha Waves (1991, PC port of an Atari ST game by Christophe de Dinechin)
Alone in the Dark (1992, PC)
With Adeline Software International
Little Big Adventure (1994, PC/PlayStation) (A.K.A. Relentless: Twinsen's Adventure)
Time Commando (1996, PC/PlayStation/Sega Saturn)
Little Big Adventure 2 (1997, PC) (A.K.A. Twinsen's Odyssey)
With No Cliché
Toy Commander (1999, Dreamcast)
Toy Commander: Christmas Surprise (2000, Dreamcast)
Toy Racer (2000, Dreamcast)
Agartha (canceled, Dreamcast)
With F4
Trium Planeta (canceled)
With Mekensleep (as contractor)
Soul Bubbles (2008, Nintendo DS) – consultant (2006)
With Ubisoft
Battle Tag (2010) – creative director
Treasure Hunter Institute (canceled)
With Ludoïd (as developer)
bOxOn (2011, PC/iPad/iPhone/iPod)
With Gloomywood (as developer)
2Dark (2017, PC/PS4/Xbox One)
References
External links
Ludoïd official website
1966 births
French video game designers
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
People from Brive-la-Gaillarde
Living people
Video game programmers |
4014281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Kern | Kevin Kern | Kevin Kern (born Kevin Lark Gibbs on December 22, 1958) is an American pianist, composer and recording artist of new-age music. He was born in Detroit, Michigan. He is now generally recognized as a representative of the new-age style. Born legally blind, Kern is aided in studio by SONAR's accessibility and Dancing Dots’ assistive music technologies for the vision impaired.
Biography
Kevin was found playing "Silent Night" on the piano at 18 months of age. He started learning the piano regularly at 4 and began writing music at 8. At 14, he put on performances with the music group he founded called "The Well-Tempered Clavichord". Despite his legal blindness since birth, he was still determined to be a pianist.
His first performance in Asia was in Taiwan, in 2002.
He has released ten albums, including a compilation album, and two songbooks. He also has released a Japan-only CD and songbook, as well as another album only in Asia.
His first world tour show in 2016. Japan, Taiwan were become his lucky places.
Personal life
Kevin Kern is married to Pamela Gibbs, a former cardiac transplant nurse and product manager for several medical device companies. According to the liner notes of his album, Embracing the Wind, the couple were married in June 2001 on the island of Maui, Hawaii, in a private ceremony with friends and family present. The song "From This Day Forward" from the same CD was written for and dedicated to her. She has been mentioned in his album credits several times, including playing the rainstick on "Through the Veil" on The Winding Path and catering several recording sessions. After living for several years in San Francisco, they moved to Minneapolis, MN in 2007.
Discography
Studio albums
1996 — In the Enchanted Garden
1997 — Beyond the Sundial
1998 — Summer Daydreams
1999 — In My Life
2001 — Embracing the Wind
2003 — The Winding Path
2005 — Imagination's Light
2009 — Endless Blue Sky
2012 — Enchanted Piano
2012 — Christmas
2016 — When I Remember
Compilation albums
2002 — More Than Words: The Best of Kevin Kern
2014 — Always Near - A Romantic Collection
Other album appearances
1997 — Eternity: A Romantic Collection
1997 — Tranquility
1997 — Piano Dreamers
2002 — Sacred Spa Music Series
2005 — Real Piano
2006 — InSparation
2009 — Sacred Spa Music Series 2
Songbooks
2001 — Kevin Kern Piano Album Songbook
2002 — Through Your Eyes: Kevin Kern Collection Songbook (Japan Only)
2006 — In the Enchanted Garden Songbook
2008 — Imagination's Light Songbook
Kevin Kern has also released a total of 62 individual solo piano sheet music arrangements to date that are available on MusicNotes.com.
See also
List of ambient music artists
External links
Kevin Kern Official Website
Kevin Kern Official Facebook Page
Kevin Kern Official Twitter Page
Kevin Kern Official YouTube Channel
Kevin Kern at Real Music Label
Kevin Kern at AllMusic
American male composers
20th-century American composers
Composers for piano
New-age pianists
Musicians from Michigan
1958 births
Living people
Blind musicians
20th-century American pianists
American male pianists
21st-century American pianists
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians |
4014288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/020120 | 020120 | 020120 is a live album from The Mad Capsule Markets. It was recorded live on January 20, 2002 at Zepp Tokyo. The music is basically material from the Osc-Dis and the 010 albums, but it did include a faster version of Kami-Uta as an encore track and for the intro tape, the show opens with Crass' song Gotcha (who inspired the band in their earlier days). The UK version issued the live DVD alongside the CD with a slightly altered track listing from the Japanese version (there was no Kami Uta and Interview on the DVD) but it made the fanbase of The Mad Capsule Markets much stronger.
Track listing
"Introduction 010"
"Come"
"Chaos Step"
"Gaga Life"
"Jam!"
"Out/Definition"
"Good Girl"
"All The Time In Sunny Beach"
"Midi Surf"
"Kumo"
"Bit Crusherrrr"
"No food, Drink, or Smoking"
"This is the Mad Style"
"Good Day"
"Fly High"
"R.D.M.C"
"Tribe"
"Pulse"
"神Kami-Uta歌"
"Island"
Albums recorded at Zepp Tokyo
The Mad Capsule Markets live albums
2002 live albums
Victor Entertainment live albums |
4014290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Idol%20Project | Idol Project | is a short four-episode OVA (Original Video Animation) series produced in 1995 by Studio OX. This anime follows a cute 14-year-old girl named Mimu Emilton, who dreams of becoming a singing idol, much like her own idol, Yuri. Yuri brought world peace through her music and became the world's president. Mimu has a chance to audition in her hometown of Starland in front of Yuri, with the help of 6 "Excellent Idols" (Yuri's successors).
However, before Mimu has the chance to sing in front of Yuri, Yuri and the Excellent Idols are kidnapped by aliens and taken to another universe. The group lands on the Tropical Dimension's Bali Hawaii, where they are warmly welcomed. A competition is about to begin in two hours to raise Bali Hawaii's sun, and idols from all over space arrive to take part. The owner, Mr Bananaan, desires for the Excellent Idols to win, since they are his most recent obsession. The competition includes several activities, such as the Swing Ski, Muddy Quiz Contest, and Water-Scooter Fight. After several comical events, Yuri mistakenly is named the only one able to help the sun rise again for the first time.
After the competition, Mimu must save up enough money to make it back to Starland, her hometown which is universes away.
Characters
Mimu is a 14-year-old girl with large aspirations of becoming the best idol in the universe. Although she is very ambitious, she often loses confidence quickly and becomes easily discouraged. But something always comes up to motivate her, and she works tirelessly for her dream. Her motto is Dream.
Layla is an outgoing, gritty, 16-year-old rockstar who has an intimate relationship with her guitar. Although she appears extremely tough, she has unusual soft spots, especially for her guitar (which she cannot sleep without) and Mimu, whom she believes to have extraordinary talent. Her advice for aspiring idols is Guts!
Extra is a superfluous pianist who believes strongly in class. Because a lady never reveals her age, Extra's age is unknown (though she is probably 16 like her rival, Layla). Her philosophy for stardom is Dignity.
Corvette is a 17-year-old stage dancer with a touchy-feely and too-friendly disposition. She loves taking baths and singing. Her motto is Rhythm.
Palpu Ranrang (Palpurin for short) is an energetic 13-year-old martial arts expert with her own superhero show. She considers her whirlwind kicks and high-speed punches as signs of endearment - and her fans love being mauled by her. Her idol motto is Relax.
Ruka is a 9-year-old actress who loves collecting stuffed animals. Her advice for aspiring idols is Smile!
Shion Suzukaze
she is age 15
her advice is listen to you're 'heart'
was voiced by Iwatsubo, Rie
Anime
The anime, also referred to as an OAV (Original Animated Version) was released in 1995 by Studio OX (known for Burn Up W, Ultra Maniac, and Wild Cardz). In Japan it was dubbed into various languages including English and Italian. It was directed by Yasufumi Nagaoka and the character designer/animation director was Noritaka Suzuki.
Episode List
Music
Idol Project's appeal is hands-down in its upbeat music, performed by its all-star cast of voice actors.
OP/ED
Opening Theme Don't Stop
Ending Theme Kimi no Heart wo Neraiuchi
CDs
アイドルプロジェクト―ファーストプレゼント (Idol Project: First Present)
Don't Stop!―ス･テ･キにめぐり会いたい (Don't Stop! Suteki ni Meguri Aitai) (Opening Theme)
Angel Kiss
カ･ン･セ･ツ♥キッス (Kansetsu♥Kiss)
Crystal Generation
オ･ン･ナ･の果実 (Onna no Kajitsu)
Cotton Boy
ビーナス誕生！ (Venus Tanjou!)
みんあ恋のせいね (Minna Koi no Seine)
FOLLOW THE HEART
実力派に愛のエールを (Jitsuryokuha ni Ai no Yell wo)
君のハートを狙いうち (Kimi no Heart wo Neraiuchi)
星のメロディー (Hoshi no Melody)
アイドルプロジェクト―セカンド♥ステージ (Idol Project: Second Stage)
天使のいる空 (Tenshi no Iru Sora)
時季の国のアリス (Toki no Kuni no Alice)
真珠色ロマンス (Shinju Iro Romance)
やる気のシャボン玉 (Yaruki no Shabon Dama)
Shinny Boy―真夏のまん中― (Shiny Boy -Manatsu no Mannaka-)
PI･A･NO
Be Up! ―夢を追いつめて― (Be Up! -Yume wo Oitsumete-)
人魚のため息 (Ningyo no Tameiki)
Star Nights, Star Days
愛だ！？ 正義だ！？ ぱるぷりん (Aida!? Seigida!? Palpurin)
恋唄 (Koi Uta)
Idol Project: New Dream
References
Hitoshi Doi's Idol Project Page - fansite with an abundant amount of information
External links
Original video animation
1995 anime OVAs
Comedy anime and manga
Japanese idols in anime and manga
Anime Works |
4014291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Grid%20%28video%20game%29 | The Grid (video game) | The Grid is a 2000 arcade game by Midway. It is a third-person shooter which consists of a super-violent television game show hosted by a Smash TV-like host. The game centres around deathmatches. Players control their character using a joystick with a trigger for shooting, a top button for jumping and trackball for aiming. The object of each match is to accumulate the most points by eliminating other opponents. Local multiplayer with up to six players is possible by linking up multiple cabinets. Computer-controlled bots can also be used in place of human opponents. Players can also collect cash that can be used to upgrade player attributes. Individual player progress and statistics can be saved and retrieved through unique account numbers that are entered on a keypad.
The game was created by the developers behind the Mortal Kombat series of games and has cameos from characters Sub-Zero, Scorpion, and Noob Saibot. This was Midway's last arcade game.
External links
The Grid Guide
2000 video games
Arcade video games
Arcade-only video games
Midway video games
Shooter video games
Trackball video games
Video games about death games
Video games developed in the United States |
4014292 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhangshu | Zhangshu | Zhangshu (), formerly Qingjiang County (Tsingkiang) (), is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Yichun, in the west-central part of Jiangxi Province. It has an area of with a population of 536,500. It is the first county of China Top 100 County in Jiangxi Province. The literal translation of the name is Camphor laurel, because traditionally, the city was a major commercial hub for camphor laurel oil. Zhangshu is famous for Chinese medicinal herbs. The China top 10 medicine producer Renhe Group is located there. Officially, it is the Medicine Capital of China, and there are thousands of pharmaceutical companies. Hundreds of thousands of kinds of Chinese herbal medicines are sold by bulk or by retail.
Administration
Zhangshu City currently has five sub-districts, 10 towns and 4 townships.
5 Sub-districts:
10 Towns:
4 Townships:
Education
Higher Education:
Jiangxi Agricultural Engineering College
High School:
Zhangshu City High School
Complete School:
Zhangshu City 2nd Complete School, Zhangshu City 3rd Complete School, Qingjiang Complete School.
Junior High School:
Changfu Junior High School, Zhangjiashan High School, Huangtugang High School.
Primary School:
Zhangshu City 1st Primary School, Zhangshu City 8th Primary School, Zhangshu City 4th Primary School, Anyang Primary School, Changfu Town Central Primary.
Tourism
Wucheng Site
Zhuweicheng Site
Fanchengdui (archaeological site)
Mingshui Bridge
Linjiang Grand View Pavilion
Linjiang Bell Tower
Sanhuang Palace
Mao Zedong's House
Zhangshu City Museum
Medicine Capital Park
Mountain Ge Resorts
Zhangshu Guhai Resorts
Zhangshu Waterfront Park
Zhangshu Fountain Square
Transportation
Railway Station:
Zhangshu Railway Station
Zhangshu East Railway Station
Expressway:
Changzhang Expressway : Nanchang to Zhangshu
Ganyue Expressway : Jiangxi Province to Guangdong Province
Hurui Expressway : Shanghai Municipality to Ruili City Yunnan Province
Coach Station:
Zhangshu Coach Station
Jingjiu Coach Station
Wharf:
Zhangshu Gan River Wharf
Climate
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20150811203534/http://www.zhangshu.gov.cn/
References
County-level divisions of Jiangxi |
4014302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Assembly%20%28Armenia%29 | National Assembly (Armenia) | The National Assembly of Armenia (, Hayastani Hanrapetyut'yan Azgayin zhoghov or simply Ազգային ժողով, ԱԺ Azgayin Zhoghov, AZh), also informally referred to as the Parliament of Armenia (խորհրդարան, khorhrdaran) is the legislative branch of the government of Armenia.
Overview
The National Assembly was originally established in 1918 as the Khorhurd () by the Armenian National Council following their declaration of independence. Acting as the nation's provisional legislative body, the Armenian National Council tripled its membership, forming an interim coalition government composed of Dashnaks and Populists.
Following the Armenian parliamentary elections of 1919, the National Assembly's membership increased again up to 80 deputies including several minority representatives. The Khorhurd continued to function with an overwhelming Dashnak majority through four Prime Ministers in the span of two years, until the Sovietisation of Armenia in 1920.
From 1938, the National Assembly of the Armenian Soviet Socialist Republic was referred to as the Supreme Council of Armenia. Following the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991 and the adoption of the new Constitution of Armenia in 1995, the formation of the current National Assembly was established.
The National Assembly is a unicameral body. The National Assembly consists of at least 101 seats, but with additional seats allocated, it may grow and reach to about 200 seats in extremely rare cases. The President of the National Assembly is Alen Simonyan.
Electoral system
After electoral system amendments introduced in April 2021 members of parliament are elected only through closed party lists by party list proportional representation method.
Four mandates are reserved for national minorities, provided they are included in corresponding section of party lists. Any top segment of a party list can not include over 70% of representatives of the same sex.
Parties need to pass 5% of votes and alliances (blocs) 7% threshold respectively to be included in mandate distribution.
By law, parliament must have at least 3 political forces present, even if one or more of them did not pass the electoral threshold. In this case, the sheer percentage decides which party enters parliament, regardless if it's a party or a bloc.
If neither party wins over 50% of mandates in the first round and no coalition with sufficient mandates is established within 6 days after the election results announcement a second round of elections will be carried out on 28th day of the first round voting. Two best-performing political forces are allowed to participate in the second round. All mandates received as per first round will be preserved. The party (or a newly formed coalition) which wins second round of elections will be given additional number of mandates to reach 54% of all seats (provided the newly formed coalition does not already have over 54% of mandates from the results of the first round).
If any party or bloc wins over 2/3 of mandates sufficient additional mandates are distributed among all other political forces represented in the parliament to ensure that at least 1/3 of all seats are held by forces other than the winning one.
Since the requirement of assignment of 1/3 of all mandates to non-ruling parties is stipulated by the Constitution some argue, that when withdrawal of oppositional MPs leads to violation of that rule the ruling party shall be forced to call new snap elections. This is however not a consensus opinion and probably shall be dealt with in Constitutional Court.
Historically, significant share of cast votes (1995: 12.8%, 1999: 18.6%, 2003: 24.0%, 2007: 24.7%, 2012: 1.6%, 2017: 9.1%, 2018: 14.9%, 2021: 19.8%) fell below election threshold and was disregarded in mandate distribution.
Representatives
Speakers of the Parliament of the First Republic of Armenia (1918–1920)
Avetik Sahakyan 1 August 1918 – 1 August 1919
Avetis Aharonyan 1 August 1919 – 4 November 1920
Hovhannes Kajaznuni 4 November 1920 – 2 December 1920
Chairmen of the Supreme Council (1990–1995)
Levon Ter-Petrosyan 4 August 1990 – 11 November 1991
Babken Ararktsyan 24 December 1991 – 27 July 1995
Presidents of the National Assembly (1995–)
Babken Ararktsyan 27 July 1995 – 4 February 1998
Khosrov Harutyunyan 4 February 1998 – 11 June 1999
Karen Demirchyan 11 June 1999 – 27 October 1999
Armen Khachatryan 2 November 1999 – 12 June 2003
Artur Baghdasaryan 12 June 2003 – 1 June 2006
Tigran Torosyan 1 June 2006 – 26 September 2008
Hrayr Karapetyan (acting) 26 September 2008 – 29 September 2008
Hovik Abrahamyan 28 September 2008 – 21 November 2011
Samvel Nikoyan 6 December 2011 – 31 May 2012
Hovik Abrahamyan 31 May 2012 – 13 April 2014
Galust Sahakyan 29 April 2014 – 18 May 2017
Ara Babloyan 18 May 2017 – 14 January 2019
Ararat Mirzoyan 14 January 2019 – 2 August 2021
Alen Simonyan 2 August 2021 – present
Vice-Presidents of the National Assembly
Babken Ararktsyan 1990 – 1991
Gagik Harutyunyan 1990 – 1991
Ara Sahakian 1991 – 1998
Artashes Tumanyan 1991 – 1995
Karapet Rubinyan 1995 – 1998
Albert Bazeyan 1998 – 1999
Yuri Bakhshyan 1998 – 1999
Ruben Miroyan 1999
Gagik Aslanian 1999 – 2003
Tigran Torosyan 1999 – 2006
Vahan Hovhannisyan 2003 – 2008
Ishkhan Zakarian 2007
Arevik Petrosyan 2007 – 2010
Hrayr Karapetyan 2008 – 2009
Samvel Nikoyan 2009 – 2012
Samvel Balasanyan 2010 – 2012
Hermine Naghdalyan 2012 – 2017
Eduard Sharmazanov 2011 – 2019
Arpine Hovhannisyan 2017 – 2019
Mikayel Melkumyan 2017 – 2019
Alen Simonyan 2019 – 2021
Lena Nazaryan 2019 – 2021
Vahe Enfiajyan 2019 – 2021
Ruben Rubinyan 2021 – present
Hakob Arshakyan 2021 – present
Latest election
Current political representation in the National Assembly following the 2021 Armenian parliamentary election:
Committees
Standing Committees
The National Assembly has eleven standing committees:
Standing Committee on Defense and Security
Standing Committee on Economic Affairs
Standing Committee on European Integration
Standing Committee on Financial and Budgeting Affairs
Standing Committee on Foreign Relations
Standing Committee on Health Care and Social Affairs
Standing Committee on Human Rights and Public Affairs
Standing Committee on Science, Education, Culture, Diaspora, Youth and Sport
Standing Committee on State and Legal Affairs
Standing Committee on Territorial Administration, Local Self-Government, Agriculture and Environment
Standing Committee on Territorial Integration
Changes according to the Constitutional Reform of 2015
According to the new constitution of Armenia (2015 Constitutional Reforms), the functions of committees previously defined as ad hoc committees are divided into temporary and inquiry committees. As stated in article 107 of the new Constitution, temporary committees may be developed only by the decision of the National Assembly to discuss certain draft laws and acts of the National Assembly and present views or statements connected to the National Assembly.
Article 108 is about the inquiry committees of the National Assembly.
1. The inquiry committee should be formed if at least the twenty-five percent of the total number of parliamentarians present the demand, in order to acquaint facts of public interests to the National Assembly.
2. The National Assembly regulates the number of members of an inquiry committee. The places of the inquiry committees should be proportional to the number of faction's members. The chair of the committee should be the member of the parliament who presented a request.
3. If minimum one-quarter of an inquiry committee demands; state, local self-government bodies and officials are compelled to introduce to the committee required information regarding its remit, if the information is not classified as secrets protected by law.
All the other regulations concerning temporary and inquiry committee should be established by the Law on Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly
Concerns relating to the ad hoc committees and the international experience
According to the latest Constitutional Reforms the Republic of Armenia will have a parliamentary state governance system. This means that compared to the semi-presidential system the powers of the Parliament will be enhanced, an example of this is the right of oversight of the executive power of the republic which is and will be exercised by the Government (as of article 85 of the current and article 145 the new Constitutions). So, the Parliament will have more powers and functions; therefore, it needs more tools to exercise these powers and perform its functions. An inquiry committee is a great tool for the parliament to exercise oversight and that is why according to articles 107 and 108 of the new Constitution there is a differentiation between temporary and inquiry committees.
However, in late 2015, there was a concern relating to the powers of these committees as prescribed by the article 108 of the new Constitution. Edmon Marukyan, the only non-party Deputy of the National Assembly of Armenia, suggested an addendum to the point 3 of article 108. According to him, the addendum should prescribe that the inquiry committees should be empowered to demand state and local self-government body officials to be present in the sittings of the committees and provide relevant explanations.
The improvement was suggested for the first time on 11 September 2015, during the session of the Standing Committee on State and Legal Affairs of the National Assembly. By then, the suggestion received a positive feedback and the committee members stated that it could be approved on the constitutional level. However, the decision on the official proposal to the National Assembly was to include the addendum in the rules of procedure of the NA rather than in the Constitution.
The international experience shows that giving such powers to inquiry committees is a common thing. Point 7 of rule 176 of the Rules of Procedure of the European Parliament states that "A committee of inquiry may contact the institutions or persons referred to in Article 3 of the Decision referred to in paragraph 2 with a view to holding a hearing or obtaining documents."
Even though it was prescribed neither by the Constitution nor the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly that temporary committees have the power to hold a hearing with the presence of state and local self-government body officials, there was such a case when the committee held a closed-door hearing. On 23 October 2008 with the order of the President of Armenia, a temporary committee of experts was formed on obtaining facts and evidence on the incidents of 1 March 2008. So as to gain the necessary information the committee was given the tools typical to a real parliamentarian inquiry committee.
Ad hoc committees as prescribed by the Constitution and Laws
Ad hoc committees are special temporary committees established by the decision of the National Assembly to discuss certain draft laws, or investigate certain issues, events or facts and to submit conclusions to the National Assembly. The aim of these committees is to draw attention to exceptional cases that are not covered by the standing committees.
According to the Constitution of Armenia, Article 73
"If appropriate, interim committees may be established as prescribed by the law on the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly for preliminary discussion of certain draft laws or for submitting to the National Assembly opinions, statements on certain issues, events and facts".
Following the consideration and definition in the Constitution the Law on Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly clearly defines all the issues concerning the add hoc committees. More particularly, according to the article 22 of the mentioned law, add hoc committees are created by the decision of the National Assembly. The decision should contain information relating to the tasks, terms and procedures of an add hoc committee, meaning that the committee should operate only in very strict limitations set to the spheres of its investigation, the resources it may gain access to and also to the timeframes.
The ultimate reason for existence of such committees is to deliver a report on its finding during a session of the National Assembly. Based on these reports, the Deputy may create a draft resolution in 2 days and if agreed by the Lead Committee, the resolution may be included in the draft agenda for upcoming four-day session.
Ad hoc committees: their goals, procedures, and results
Committee on Ethics
One of the current add hoc committees of the National Assembly of Armenia is the Committee on Ethics. This is not a classical add hoc committee as it does exist during every session of the National Assembly but the committee functions till the beginning of the successive session when a new committee is formed.
According to the Article 24.1 of the Law of the Republic of Armenia on the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly, each faction has the right to nominate at least 1 Deputy to the ethics committee. The chairperson of the committee and the vice-chairperson are appointed from the members of the committee by the nomination of faction, although the Chairperson of the National Assembly is the one to appoint the chairperson of the ethics committee, the vice chairperson, and to approve other members. If the chairperson of the ethics committee is from a non-opposition faction, the vice chairperson should be from the opposition faction and the vice versa. Factions have the right to change their representative in the ethics committee.
According to the Article 24.2 of the Law of the Republic of Armenia on the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly the ethics committee provides conclusion to the National Assembly on violation by a Deputy of the requirements not to be engaged in entrepreneurial activities, not to hold offices in state or commercial organizations, and not to perform other paid work except for scientific, pedagogical or creative work (1st Paragraph of the Article 65 of the Constitution). The committee also decides if there was a violation of 2nd Paragraph of the Article 6.1 of the mentioned law i.e. the very basic requirements to abide the laws, to respect moral norms of the society, to be respectful to the colleagues, not to be guided by personal interests and so on, provides a Deputy with conclusion if his/her job is scientific, pedagogical or creative and more.
The Committee on Ethics can require and obtain materials and documents relevant to the issues examined by the committee from any state agency; it can also demand to the state agencies with the exception of courts, judges and prosecutors to carry out checks, studies and expert examinations on the issues examined in the committee. The members of the ethics committee are free to enter any state institution or to examine any document relating to the case.
Any individual can apply to the committee on ethics in cases prescribed by the law. The applicant should submit a written application with all the relevant documents. By proposal of the chairperson of the ethics committee but no later than ten days the committee starts the examination of the issue raised in the application or rejects its examination. The committee on ethics finishes its examination of the issue in 30 days after starting an examination; it may also extend the deadline by 20 days in case of necessity to implement a deeper research.
The sittings of the committee are closed except of cases when the Deputy in the application suggests holding an open sitting. Sitting of the committee is valid if at least half of the members are present, and the sitting is held by the chairperson of the committee, the vice chairperson, or another member according to the prescriptions of the law. Member of the committee assigned for the examination of the issue is the main reporter and the Deputy indicated in the application is the supplementary reporter. The decisions and conclusions of the committee are adopted by the majority of votes if more than half of the members participated in the voting. The content of the application and name of the Deputy indicated in the application are not publicly available until the adoption of the final decision. The members of the ethics committee and other people participating in the activities of the committee cannot publicize details of the examination.
One of the recent cases in this committee was an application indicating names of several Deputies and reporting that they voted instead for other Deputies during the voting. After examining the application, listening to the committee member appointed for the case and to the accused Deputies the committee on ethics found them guilty of violating the duty to abide the laws. Also, in order to eliminate this kind of issues in the future, the committee made a suggestion to make supplements and changes in the Law of the Republic of Armenia on the Rules of Procedure of the National Assembly more specifically consider voting instead for other Deputies disturbance of the order and enforce the presiding officer to take immediate disciplinary measures against these Deputies that is depriving the Deputy from the right to be present during the session of the National Assembly. The National Assembly approved this suggestion.
Ad hoc Committee on Studying the Activity of the Gas Supply System in the Republic of Armenia
This committee was established in February 2014 to examine the protection level of natural gas consumers’ interests (calories of supplied gas, testing gas usage counters, argumentations for the loss), examine the lawfulness of the accumulation of debt for natural gas during 2011–2013 and reasonableness of the amount of debt, to make predictions about the possibilities of alternative gas importers and other thoroughly listed issues relating to the gas supply system in Armenia as a whole including examination of prices for the gas and international practices.
The committee hold closed sittings, the decisions and conclusions were adopted by the majority of votes, the committee had the right to require and obtain materials and documents relevant to the issues examined by the committee from any state agency; it can also demand to the state agencies with the exception of courts, judges and prosecutors to carry out checks, studies and expert examinations on the issues examined in the committee and so on. The committee presented its findings and conclusion during the session of the National Assembly of 7 April 2015.
See also
Elections in Armenia
List of legislatures by country
List of political parties in Armenia
National Assembly of Artsakh
Politics of Armenia
President of the National Assembly of Armenia
Programs of political parties in Armenia
References
Notes
External links
Politics of Armenia
Political organizations based in Armenia
1918 establishments in Armenia
Armenia
Armenia
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