id
stringlengths 2
8
| url
stringlengths 31
389
| title
stringlengths 1
250
| text
stringlengths 2
355k
|
|---|---|---|---|
4013099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guard%20interval | Guard interval | In telecommunications, guard intervals are used to ensure that distinct transmissions do not interfere with one another, or otherwise cause overlapping transmissions. These transmissions may belong to different users (as in TDMA) or to the same user (as in OFDM).
The purpose of the guard interval is to introduce immunity to propagation delays, echoes and reflections, to which digital data is normally very sensitive.
Use in digital communications systems
In OFDM, the beginning of each symbol is preceded by a guard interval. As long as the echoes fall within this interval, they will not affect the receiver's ability to safely decode the actual data, as data is only interpreted outside the guard interval.
In TDMA, each user's timeslot ends with a guard interval. Thus, the guard interval protects against data loss within the same timeslot, and protects the following user's timeslot from interference caused by propagation delay. It is a common misconception that TDMA timeslots begin with the guard interval, as with OFDM. However, in specifications for TDMA systems such as GSM, the guard period is defined as being at the end of the timeslot.
Longer guard periods allow more distant echoes to be tolerated but reduce channel efficiency. For example, in DVB-T, guard intervals are available as 1/32, 1/16, 1/8 or 1/4 of a symbol period. The shortest interval (1/32) provides the lowest protection and the highest data rate; the longest interval (1/4) provides the highest protection but the lowest data rate. Ideally, the guard interval is set to just above the delay spread of the channel.
802.11 guard interval
The standard symbol guard interval used in IEEE 802.11 OFDM is . To increase data rate, 802.11n added optional support for a guard interval. This provides an 11% increase in data rate. To increase coverage area, IEEE 802.11ax (Wi-Fi 6) provides optional support for , , and guard intervals.
The shorter guard interval results in a higher packet error rate when the delay spread of the channel exceed the guard interval and/or if timing synchronization between the transmitter and receiver is not precise. A scheme could be developed to work out whether a short guard interval would be of benefit to a particular link. To reduce complexity, manufacturers typically only implement a short guard interval as a final rate adaptation step when the device is running at its highest data rate.
See also
Interpacket gap
Cyclic prefix
Intersymbol interference
References
External links
Technical Standard GSM 05.05 Radio Transmission and Reception. Contains descriptions and diagrams of the GSM use of TDMA timeslots, bursts, and guard periods.
Guard interval and ISI-free OFDM transmission. Online experiment illustrates ISI-free OFDM transmission if guard time is longer or equal to the channel's maximum delay spread.
Multiplexing |
4013113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refugee%20Status%20Appeals%20Authority | Refugee Status Appeals Authority | The New Zealand Refugee Status Appeals Authority or RSAA, was an independent authority that heard the appeals of people who had been declined refugee status by the Refugee Status Branch of the New Zealand Immigration Service. It was established in 1991, and was replaced by the Immigration and Protection Tribunal in 2010. New Zealand established the RSAA as part of its responsibility to uphold the right of asylum as a result of being a signatory of the 1951 Convention relating to the Status of Refugees and the 1967 Protocol. The decisions of the RSAA are not binding, but have had a significant impact on refugee jurisprudence.
The RSAA was composed of a Chairperson and 24 Members (part-time and full-time), all of whom were either legal practitioners or retired judges. The most high-profile case adjudged by the RSAA was that of Ahmed Zaoui, whose appeal was eventually successful.
Jurisdiction and statutory authority
The RSAA was created under the prerogative powers of the New Zealand Executive (Cabinet) in 1991. The RSAA was later given statutory authority on October 1, 1999 in the Immigration Amendment Act 1999. The RSAA's jurisdiction allowed the body to hear and decide any appeal by a person who had been declined refugee status by a Refugee Status Officer (RSO). The RSAA also made decisions regarding direct applications, cancellation of refugee status when the Refugee Convention may have no longer applied, and when recognition of refugee status should cease due to attaining refugee status by forgery, false or misleading information or concealment of relevant information.
The authority was established to work as an independent appellate body. The RSAA was headed by the Chairman who had the discretion to appoint people to hear appeals as he saw fit. The Immigration Act stated the Chairperson “is responsible for making such arrangements as are necessary or desirable to ensure the orderly and expeditious discharge of the functions of the Authority.”
The RSAA was governed by sections 129N – 129Z of the Immigration Amendment Act 1999. The two main functions were: “to hear appeals brought under section 129O from determinations by RSO’s not to recognise a claimant as a refugee”; and “to make determinations in relation to a person's refugee status on applications made by RSO’s under section 129L(1)(f)."
Proceedings
For a claim to be successful, the claimant had to establish a "well-founded fear of persecution" by fulfilling the standard of proof. To determine whether this standard had been met, the RSAA had the powers of the Commission of Enquiry to verify facts and produce likely scenarios that may occur upon the claimant's return to their country of origin. These powers of enquiry were important considering the unique nature of the cases the body was dealing with. The RSAA interpreted ‘well-founded fear’ as meaning a ‘real chance’ that persecution would occur. This was to avoid formulating possibilities that may not eventuate. If the RSAA decided there was a real chance of persecution, they would then have to establish whether this fear was due to a reason outlined in the Refugee Convention. The second element of a successful claim was for the appellant to establish the onus of the claim. This was to prevent the decision-maker abusing the power of having the onus.
The RSAA operated according to the following principles:
Gave the "benefit of doubt" to the claimant when facts or scenarios could not be determined.
Maintained a low threshold for proving of a ‘real chance’ of persecution.
Conducted proceedings in a non-adversarial manner.
Relationship with the Refugee Convention and human rights
The RSAA had an interesting legal status. The Refugee Convention was not incorporated into New Zealand domestic law, but a framework was inserted in section 129A of the Immigration Act 1987 which emphasised full compliance with the Refugee Convention. This meant that the RSAA could completely focus on the Convention, and also consider international jurisdictions and scholarship in their decisions. The RSAA used the good faith principle laid out in the article 31 Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties to interpret the Refugee Convention. The RSAA also looked to international human rights treaties for guidance such as the Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women, the Convention on the Rights of the Child and the International Bill of Human Rights. Due to its ability to take all of these sources into account, the RSAA was praised for its clarity. This opened up an opportunity for the RSAA to make decisions that were significant internationally.
Contribution to international refugee jurisprudence
Failure of state protection
A successful claimant must have shown that their state of origin had failed or will fail to prevent a real chance of persecution. In order to clear up this confusing area, the RSAA added four criteria, which Doug Tennant summarised as being:
Persecution committed by state concerned.
Persecution condoned by state concerned.
Persecution tolerated by state concerned.
Persecution not condoned or tolerated by state concerned, but present due to refusal or unable to offer protection.
These criteria put an emphasis on state failure to protect as opposed to the focusing on state complicity to persecution.
Member of a particular social group
One of the grounds for being a refugee is membership of a particular social group. The RSAA made numerous important decisions in this area. The RSAA decided to follow the approach in Ward to determine a particular social group by identifying crucial factors of an individual's identity or conscience. This is referred to as a “protected characteristic.” The RSAA made high-profile decisions concerning sexual orientation and gender discrimination as particular social groups for the purposes of the Refugee Convention.
Sexual orientation
In Refugee Appeal No 1312/93 the claimant had become a practicing homosexual since his arrival in New Zealand. He was originally from Iran and it was well established that homosexuality would be punished if he was sent back home. The RSAA had to decide whether having a certain sexual orientation constituted a membership of a particular social group. The RSAA held that homosexuality was a particular social group. The Authority was guided by writings by James C. Hathaway, the US Courts, the Supreme Court of Canada and human rights to come to this decision.
This approach towards sexual orientation was cited by the House of Lords in Islam Secretary of State for the Home Department and Regina v Immigration Appeal Tribunal + another ex parte Shah AP.
Gender discrimination
Both Refugee Appeal No 2039/93 and Refugee Appeal No 71427/99 held that in certain circumstances being a woman can amount to being a member of a particular social group. In Refugee Appeal No 2039/93 the claimant was not a virgin and if she was returned home and forced to marry, this could have potentially resulted in her death. The claimant in this case had also under-gone a ‘self-awareness process’ that made her opposed to the oppression of women in Iranian society. In Refugee Appeal No 71427/99 the claimant had divorced her abusive husband and had rediscovered her child he had adopted out without her knowing. If she had been returned to Iran, she would have been subjected to death or imprisonment. In both of these cases the RSAA used human rights approaches to decide that in some cases being a woman constituted membership of a particular social group. Particular rights that were considered included: right to privacy, the right to life, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, the right not to be subjected to torture or cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment and punishment and right not to marry without full and free consent. The RSAA also took into account Iranian society and its tolerance of domestic violence and the denial to recognise women as human beings possessing the same status as men.
The gender discrimination cases were also ground-breaking because they established that persecution was "serious harm + failure of state protection". Both of these elements must be present for there to be refugee status. However, only one of these grounds needs to have a nexus with the Refugee Convention. For example, in Refugee Appeal No 71427/99 a link with the Refugee Convention could only be found with the failure of state protection. The RSAA held that a link with one of the constructs was sufficient for refugee status. This approach was followed by the Australian High Court in Khawar.
High profile cases
Zaoui case
Zaoui’s case received a lot of media attention in New Zealand since it was the first time a New Zealand security risk certificate was awarded. When Zaoui first arrived in New Zealand, he claimed asylum following a military coup in Algeria. The Refugee Status Branch of the New Zealand Immigration Service, said there was a well-founded fear of persecution, but refugee status was denied due to evidence given by the Secret Intelligence Service (SIS) that indicated Zaoui's involvement in criminal and terrorist activity. On appeal to the RSAA, refugee status was awarded. However, the security risk certificate that was issued resulted in over two years in detention. In a Supreme Court decision, Zaoui was successful in being released from detention, indicating that a security risk certificate should not override a RSAA decision. In Zaoui v Attorney-General (No 2) the Supreme Court established that it was the role of the Minister of Immigration and not the Inspector-General to determine whether Zaoui was a threat that should be removed from New Zealand. The Zaoui case reached a conclusion in September 2007, when the SIS withdrew their objections and Zaoui was allowed to remain in New Zealand.
Refugee Appeal No. 76204
This appeal case involved the third appeal of an Iranian claimant who had converted to Christianity. The first appeal was unsuccessful due to issues of credibility and the second appeal was unsuccessful due to his provision of false documentation. His case attracted media attention during his time in prison awaiting his deportation to Iran when he started religious fasting. The media attention meant that Iran became aware of the claimant's conversion, putting him in danger if he did return home. The RSAA decided the third appeal in the claimant's favour due to a well-founded fear of persecution on the grounds of religion.
Tamil X Case
The claimant was an engineer on a ship that was owned by Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam. The ship he was working on sank after it was fired upon by the Indian Navy. The claimant was charged with firing upon Indian Navy ships and was imprisoned in India for three years. Upon his release, he and his wife came to New Zealand claiming refugee status. The RSAA denied him refugee status due to his potential involvement in war crimes or crimes against humanity. At the Supreme Court of New Zealand, the court ruled that there was not enough evidence that the claimant had been involved in a war crime or crime against humanity to put him under the exclusion clause contained in article 1F of the Refugee Convention. His appeal was allowed, and case re-emitted to the RSAA.
Replacement by the Immigration and Protection Tribunal
The RSAA was replaced by the Immigration and Protection Tribunal (IPT) on November 29, 2010. The IPT was established by section 217 of the Immigration Act 2009. The IPT subsumed four bodies that were formally, the Residence Review Board, Removal Review Authority, Refugee Status Appeals Authority and the Deportation Review Tribunal.
References
External links
Official Site
Immigration Amendment Act 1999
Immigration and Protection Tribunal Official Website
Refugee/Protection Decisions
New Zealand Refugee Law Official Website
RefNZ Case Search
RefNZ RSAA Annual Reports
Immigration and Protection Tribunal Annual Reports
Ref World | Refugee Status Appeals Authority
UNHCR: UN Refugee Agency Official Website
Convention and Protocol Relating to the Status of Refugees
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights
Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties
Convention on the Rights of the Child
Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination against Women
Convention against Torture
Refugee aid organizations
Asylum tribunals
Immigration to New Zealand
Right of asylum in New Zealand |
4013135 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O%27Neil%20Longson | O'Neil Longson | O'Neil Longson is an American professional poker player from Las Vegas, Nevada, who has won three bracelets at the World Series of Poker.
Poker career
Longson first finished in the money at the World Series of Poker (WSOP) in 1980, finishing 4th in the $1,000 No Limit Hold'em event. In 1990 in the $5,000 Pot limit Omaha event, he finished 2nd to former world champion Amarillo Slim.
He had another second-place finish in the 1991 in the $1,500 no limit hold'em event, where he finished 2nd to Brent Carter. He also cashed in the $10,000 no limit hold'em main event that year, finishing 12th. Longson was again close to winning a WSOP bracelet in 1992, finishing 2nd to Hoyt Corkins in the $5,000 pot limit Omaha event.
Longson eventually won a WSOP bracelet in 1994 World Series of Poker in the $1,500 pot limit Omaha event, defeating a final table including Surinder Sunar and T. J. Cloutier. He defeated J. C. Pearson during the heads-up play.
He won a second bracelet in 2003 in the $5,000 no limit deuce to seven draw event, defeating a final table including runner-up Allen Cunningham, Bill Baxter, Chris Ferguson and Howard Lederer.
His third and most recent bracelet came in the 2005 $1,500 Seven-Card Razz event, defeating a final table including runner-up Bruno Fitoussi, Archie Karas, and Mickey Wernick.
As of 2009, his total live tournament winnings exceed $2,100,000. His 26 cashes at the WSOP account for $994,195 of those winnings.
Longson plays fewer tournaments than he used to as he is hard of hearing and now chooses to concentrate on cash games instead. His overwhelmingly aggressive style was noted in "Pot-Limit & No-Limit Poker" by Stewart Reuben and Bob Ciaffone, and his signature colossal preflop raises and betting in the dark continue to astound and confuse opponents years later. (1)
His son, Matt Longson, is an amateur poker player.
World Series of Poker Bracelets
Notes
External links
Hendon Mob tournament results
American poker players
People from the Las Vegas Valley
Deaf people from the United States
Living people
World Series of Poker bracelet winners
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) |
4013136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libertador%20General%20San%20Mart%C3%ADn%20Bridge | Libertador General San Martín Bridge | The Libertador General San Martín Bridge () is a cantilever road bridge that crosses the Uruguay River and joins Argentina and Uruguay. It runs between Puerto Unzué, near Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, and Fray Bentos, Río Negro Department, Uruguay, with a total length of 5,366 meters (3.7 mi) (4,220 meters (13,845 ft) in Argentine jurisdiction and 1,146 meters (3,760 ft) in Uruguayan territory).
Studies for the construction of a bridge over the Uruguay River were started in 1960 by a joint commission, which decided that the best place for it would be between Puerto Unzué and Fray Bentos. In 1967 the two countries signed an agreement ratifying the location, and in 1972 the construction contract was awarded to the International Bridge Consortium (Consorcio Puente Internacional), setting the cost at $ 21.7 million, then adjusted upwards.
The bridge is named after José de San Martín, a major figure in the struggle for independence in Argentina, Chile and Peru. It was officially inaugurated on September 16, 1976. It was opened for public use and the next day it started functioning under a toll regime.
See also
General Artigas Bridge
Salto Grande Bridge
Cellulose plant conflict between Argentina and Uruguay
References
Puentes sobre el Río Uruguay (in Spanish)
External links
Bridges in Argentina
Bridges in Uruguay
Buildings and structures in Entre Ríos Province
Buildings and structures in Río Negro Department
Toll bridges
Bridges completed in 1976
Argentina–Uruguay border crossings
International bridges
Bridges over the Uruguay River
Gualeguaychú, Entre Ríos
Fray Bentos
1976 establishments in Argentina
1976 establishments in Uruguay
Cantilever bridges |
4013139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kangaatsiaq | Kangaatsiaq | Kangaatsiaq (, old spelling: Kangâtsiaq) is a town located in the Qeqertalik municipality in western Greenland. The town received town status as recently as 1986, though as a settlement it has existed much longer. It has 520 inhabitants as of 2020. Nearby settlements are Attu, Niaqornaarsuk, Ikerasaarsuk and Iginniarfik.
Economy
Fishing and seal hunting are the main sources of income for the residents. Kangaatsiaq has a fish factory producing dried fish and shrimp.
Facilities
The town of Kangaatsiaq has a supermarket, kindergarten with 26 children, and a primary school (1st to 10th grade) with 150 pupils. A hostel called 'The Lodge' with space for six people is the only accommodation for tourists.
Transport
Air Greenland serves the village as part of government contract, with winter-only helicopter flights from Kangaatsiaq Heliport to Aasiaat Airport and several villages in the Aasiaat Archipelago. Settlement flights in the archipelago are unique in that they are operated only during winter and spring.
During summer and autumn, when the waters of Disko Bay are navigable, communication between settlements is by sea only, serviced by Diskoline. The ferry links Kangaatsiaq with Ikerasaarsuk, Attu, Iginniarfik, Niaqornaarsuk, and Aasiaat.
Wildlife
The area has a rich Arctic wildlife including reindeer, Arctic fox, and Arctic hare. Marine mammals include ringed seal, harbor seal, hooded seal, bearded seal, harp seal, humpback whale (typically in summer), minke whale, fin whale, narwhal, and beluga. When the sea ice comes, sometimes walrus and polar bear can be seen.
Birdlife includes raven, ptarmigan, various species of seagull, eider, king eider, guillemot, falcon, eagle, snowy owl, snow bunting, Arctic tern, and more.
Population
The population of Kangaatsiaq has fluctuated over the last two decades, decreasing over the last several years.
References
External links
Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland − geology of the Kangaatsiaq area
greenland.com Brief tourist information on Kangaatsiaq.
Disko Bay
Populated places in Greenland
Populated places of Arctic Greenland
Qeqertalik |
4013141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mon%2C%20India | Mon, India | Mon (Pron:/mɒn/) is a town located in the Mon District of the Indian state of Nagaland.
Geography
Mon is located at . It has an average elevation of 655 metres (2,148 feet).
It is situated at an altitude of 2,945 ft (898 m) above sea level. It is at a distance of 357 km from Kohima via Dimapur and 280 km from Dimapur, 275 km from Kohima via Mokokchung, Tamlu and Wakching. Home of the Konyaks, the town was established at the land of Chi and Mon villages. It is centrally located for the coronation of Anghs (chiefs).
Demographics
India census, Mon had a population of 16,590 with 9,138 males and 7,452 females. Mon has an average literacy rate of 71%, slightly lower than the national average of 76%: male literacy is 75%, and female literacy is 66%. In Mon, 17% of the population is under 6 years of age.
The Konyaks and the Aos are the two tribes that constitute almost the entire urban population of present-day Mon town.
References
Cities and towns in Mon district |
4013148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A.%20Bhimsingh | A. Bhimsingh | A. Bhimsingh or Bhim Singh (1924–1978) was an Indian filmmaker who worked predominantly in Tamil cinema. Apart from Tamil, he made films in other languages that include 18 films in Hindi, 8 films in Telugu, 5 films in Malayalam and 1 film in Kannada. Hailing from Andhra Pradesh, he started his film career as an assistant editor with the film-making duo Krishnan–Panju in the late 1940s. Later, he became an assistant director before evolving as an independent director. His films mainly dealt with family and relationships. He made a series of films all of which started with the Tamil syllable pa, mainly with Sivaji Ganesan.
Personal life
Bhimsingh was married to Sona, sister of Krishnan, in 1949. He had eight children with her; one of his eight children, B. Lenin is a film editor, and another son of his, B. Kannan, is a cinematographer, who is known for his frequent collaborations with many of Bharathiraja. Later, Bhimsingh's eldest son Naren married Panju's daughter. Bhimsingh was also married to actress Sukumari in 1959 and has a son Suresh Bhimsingh.
Filmography
The Paa Series
Awards
National Film Awards
1959: President's silver medal for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Bhaaga Pirivinai
1960: Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Kalathur Kannamma
1961: All India Certificate of Merit for the Second Best Feature Film – Pava Mannippu
1961: Certificate of Merit for Second Best Feature Film in Tamil – Pasamalar
1964: Certificate of Merit for Second Best Feature Film in Tamil – Pazhani
As an actor
1975: Cinema Paithyam
References
External links
Telugu film directors
Tamil film directors
1924 births
1978 deaths
20th-century Indian film directors
Malayalam film directors
Hindi-language film directors
Telugu film editors
Tamil film editors
People from Chittoor district
Film directors from Andhra Pradesh
Screenwriters from Andhra Pradesh
Film producers from Andhra Pradesh
People from Anantapur district
Film editors from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian screenwriters |
4013155 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Owen%20Thomas | Owen Thomas | Owen Thomas may refer to:
People
Owen Thomas (journalist), UK radio and television reporter/presenter
Owen Thomas (writer) (born 1972), former editor of Valleywag
Owen Thomas (politician) (1858–1923), MP for Anglesey, 1918–1923
Owen Thomas (darts player) (born 1964), Welsh darts player
Owen Thomas (playwright) (born 1976), Welsh playwright
Owen John Thomas (born 1939), former Plaid Cymru politician
Owen Thomas, University of Pennsylvania football player and subject of a ground-breaking study on chronic traumatic encephalopathy
Owen Thomas, lead singer in American rock band The Elms
Other
Owen Thomas (automobile company), founded in 1908 in Janesville, Wisconsin
See also
Dudley Owen-Thomas (born 1948), English lawyer and former first-class cricketer
Thomas, Owen |
4013161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakshinaranjan%20Mitra%20Majumder | Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumder | Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumdar (15 April 1877 – 30 March 1956) was an Indian writer in Bengali of fairy tales and children's literature. He was born at Ulail in Dhaka district of Bengal province in British India (now Dhaka District of Bangladesh). His major contribution to Bengali literature was the collection and compilation of Bengali folk and fairy tales in four volumes – Thakurmar Jhuli (Grandmother's Bag of Tales), Thakurdadar Jhuli (Grandfather's Bag of Tales), Thandidir Thale (Maternal-Grandmother's Bag of Tales) and Dadamashayer Thale (Maternal-Grandfather's Bag of Tales).
Early life
Dakshinaranjan Mitra Majumdar was born in the village of Ulail, near Savar in Dhaka district. He lost his mother when he was nine, and was brought up by his paternal aunt, Rajlakkhi Devi, in Mymensingh. Dakhshinaranjan recounts the memories of listening to fairytales told by his mother as well as his aunt, in his introduction to Thakurmar Jhuli. At the age of twenty-one, he moved to Murshidabad with his father. Education was not his strong suit, he had to change schools multiple times. However, his father's collection of books was a comfort to him. In Murshidabad, he began to write in different journals, including the Sahitya Parisat Patrika and Pradip. At 25, he published a collection of poems called Utthan (Ascent). On completing his F.A. degree, he returned to Mymensingh, and took over the task of overseeing his aunt's zamindari.
Contribution to folk literature
Rabindranath Tagore notes in his introduction to Thakurmar Jhuli, that there was a dire need for folk literature of Bengal to be revived because the only such works available to the reading public of the time were European fairytales and their translations. He expressed the need for a swadeshi or indigenous folk literature that would remind the people of Bengal of their rich oral traditions. This would be a method of contending the cultural imperialism of the British. Dakhshinaranjan's aunt, Rajlakkhi Debi had given him the duty of visiting the villages in their zamindari. Dakhshinaranjan travelled and listened to Bengali folktales and fairytales being narrated by the village elders. He recorded this material with a phonograph that he carried, and listened to the recordings repeatedly, imbibing the style. Inspired by Dinesh Chandra Sen, he edited and published the material he had collected in Thakurmar Jhuli(1907), Thakurdadar Jhuli(1909), Thandidir Thale(1909), and Dadamashayer Thale(1913). He also translated fairytales from different parts of the world in the collection Prithibir Rupkotha (Fairytales of the World).
Other contributions
Dakshinaranjan also edited a number of journals such as Sudha (1901–1904), Sarathi (1908) and Path (1930–1932). He was the mouthpiece of the Bengal Scientific Council of which he was vice-president from 1930 to 1933. As president of the Scientific Terminology Board of the Council he was able to contribute to the development of terminology.
Death
He died of gastric ulcer in his Kolkata residence, on 30 March 1957.
Works
Thakurmar Jhuli (1907)- This anthology has attained iconic status in Bengali children's literature. In his introduction, Tagore noted that Dakhshinaranjan has successfully put into writing, the linguistic flavour of traditional oral tales. In 1907, Thakurmar Jhuli was published by the renowned publisher, Bhattacharya and Sons. Within a week, three thousand copies were sold. Several illustrations for the collection were also drawn by the author. His drawings were turned into lithographs for printing.
Thakurdadar Jhuli (1909)- The tales in this collection are notable for their frequent use of song. The author notes in the introduction, that these were ritual tales, to be told and sung to pregnant women, or on the occasion of the completion of a religious vow or brata.
Thandidir Thale (1909)
Dadamashayer Thale (1913)
Charu O Haru
First Boy
Last Boy
Utpal O Rabi
Banglar Bratakatha
Sabuj Lekha
Amar Desh
Ashirbad O Ashirbani
Manush Kishore
Kishorder Man
Banglar Sonar Chhele
Bijnaner Rupkatha
Natun Katha
Rupak Katha
Srishtir Swapna
Chiradiner Rupkatha
Amar Bai
Karmer murti
Sonar chala
References
1877 births
1957 deaths
Bengali writers
Bengali-language writers
Indian children's writers
University of Calcutta alumni
20th-century Indian people
Writers from Dhaka
Krishnath College alumni
Writers from Kolkata |
4013173 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birecik | Birecik | Birecik (Greek and Latin: Birtha, ; ; , , Gaziantep dialect of Turkish: Berecig), also formerly known as Bir, Biré, Biradjik and during the Crusades as Bile, is a town and district of Şanlıurfa Province of Turkey, on the River Euphrates.
Built on a limestone cliff 400 ft. high on the left/east bank of the Euphrates, "at the upper part of a reach of that river, which runs nearly north-south, and just below a sharp bend in the stream, where it follows that course after coming from a long reach flowing more from the west".
Archaeology
Birecik Dam Cemetery is an Early Bronze Age cemetery near Birecik. It was used extensively for about 500 years at the beginning of the third millennium BC. More than 300 graves were excavated here in 1997 and 1998. The site was discovered during the building of the Birecik Dam as part of the GAP project.
The cemetery was used between 3100-2600 BC.
History
Ancient city
The 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica identified Birecik with ancient Apamea or its suburb Seleucia and described it as opposite Zeugma, with which it was connected by a bridge of boats. At the same time, it added that "the place seems to have had a pre-Seleucid existence as Birtha, a name which revived under Roman rule". Later discoveries have shown that the identification with Apamea and its Zeugma (the word zeugma meant junction and referred to a junction of roads at a point where a pontoon bridge crossed a river) is false: Bali, some 17 kilometres upstream is now seen as the site of Zeugma, and there may have been no bridge of boats at Birtha/Birecik until the crossings at Zeugma and at Tell-Ahmar (further down) lost popularity. These, rather than the crossing at Birecik/Birtha may therefore be what the 1911 publication said "was used from time immemorial in the passage from North Syria to Haran (Charrae), Edessa and North Mesopotamia, and was second in importance only to that at Thapsacus, by which crossed the route to Babylon and South Mesopotamia."
The placing of Apamea-Zeugma further upstream and the identification of Birecik with Roman Birtha was already stated in the American Journal of Archaeology in 1917; and William Smith's Dictionary of Greek and Roman Geography (1854) clearly identified Birtha with Birecik, although at another point it seems to confuse it with "the Zeugma of Commagene", the province on the right/west bank of the river.
The name "Birtha" is found in no ancient Greek or Roman writer, although Bithra (Greek: ) (probably meant for "Birtha") appears in the account by Zosimus of the invasion of Mesopotamia by Roman Emperor Julian in AD 363.
The Greeks at one stage called what is now Birecik by the name Macedonopolis (anglicized also as Makedonoupolis). The city represented by bishops at the First Council of Nicaea and the Council of Chalcedon is called by this name in Latin and Greek records, but Birtha in Syriac texts. A 6 AD inscription in Syriac found at Birecik contains an epitaph of Zarbian, "commander of Birtha".
Timur Leng destroyed the town in the 14th century.
Ottoman Birecik
Birecik became part of the Ottoman Empire in 1516. It already had a dock at the time that was collecting tolls; the income from the tolls rose dramatically after Suleiman the Magnificent's campaign to conquer Baghdad in 1534 (see table).
Meanwhile, by 1547 the Ottomans had chosen to make Birecik the site of a major imperial shipyard – the empire's first in Mesopotamia. Birecik's geography made it uniquely well-suited to play such a role: by the time it reaches Birecik, the Euphrates has already descended from the Taurus foothills, and the rest of its course consists of gentle slopes and wide valleys. In contrast, the Tigris has a steeper gradient at the same latitude, hindering navigation by larger ships. Towns on the upper Tigris like Diyarbakır or Cizre would have therefore been less suitable for a large naval base compared to Birecik. At the same time, Birecik has a wetter climate than settlements further downstream because it's closer to the Mediterranean coast in Syria, and the mountain regions nearby are able to support large mixed-growth forests to supply timber for shipbuilding. The city of Basra, despite having the advantage of being much further downstream and closer to the Persian Gulf, has a drier climate and therefore lacked a consistent supply of wood. The Portuguese explorer Pedro Teixeira noted this problem when he visited Basra in 1604: since importing timber was costly, locally-built ships were small and expensive. Although Basra did also become an Ottoman shipyard later on, Birecik had none of these disadvantages and remained the primary Ottoman shipyard in Mesopotamia.
The first reference to the Ottoman shipyard at Birecik is in June 1547, when an Arab merchant from Basra named Hajji Fayat reported to the Portuguese governor in Hormuz about it. Hajji Fayat specifically referred to the abundance of timber as one of the reasons why the "large and well-populated" town of Birecik was such an advantageous shipbuilding location. Around that time, the Birecik shipyard employed 45 tax-exempt workers. The first documented order for ship construction at Birecik dates from July 1552, when the Ottoman Imperial Council commissioned 300 new ships to be built.
In 1559, the Ottomans decided to deploy five new galliots at Basra to counter the presence of Portuguese ships near Ottoman ports, which was causing a decline in customs revenue. From October 1559 until February 1560, the Imperial Council wanted to build the ships at Birecik, but ultimately the vizier Sokullu Mehmed Pasha decided to send the materials to Basra instead and assemble the galliots there. The governor in Basra received the materials that summer. Later, as part of an ultimately unsuccessful attempt to reconquer Baghdad in 1629, the Ottoman vizier Hüsrev Pasha ordered 100 new ships to be built at Birecik.
Modern history
Birecik was the scene of an unusually cruel massacre and persecution of Armenians in 1895.
Birecik Dam and hydroelectric power plant, part of the Southeastern Anatolia Project, is situated within the district. The Roman city of Zeugma is now drowned in the reservoir behind the dam. Zeugma's famous mosaics, including the 'river god', have been taken to Gaziantep Museum, but some rescued remains of Zeugma are exhibited in Birecik. With its rich architectural heritage, Birecik is a member of the Norwich-based European Association of Historic Towns and Regions (EAHTR)
Bishopric
As an episcopal see, Birtha/Birecik was a suffragan of the metropolitan see of Edessa, the capital of the Roman province of Osrhoene. This is attested in a Notitia Episcopatuum of 599, which assigns to it the first place among the suffragans.
The names of three of its bishops are recorded in extant documents. Mareas signed the acts of the First Council of Nicaea in 325 as bishop of Macedonopolis, The chronicle of Michael the Syrian speaks of a Daniel of Birtha at the Council of Chalcedon in 451, while Giovanni Domenico Mansi calls him bishop of Macedonopolis. The Chronicle of Joshua the Stylite tells of a Bishop Sergius of Birtha who was entrusted by the Emperor Anastasius I Dicorus with refortifying the city, something that must have occurred after peace was made with the Persians in 504. The work was completed by Justinian.
No longer a residential bishopric, Birtha is today listed by the Catholic Church as a titular see.
Demographics
Unlike much of Şanlıurfa Province, the Birecik used to be more Turkish-dominated. Likewise, the native culture and Turkish dialect spoken by the Turks of Birecik is more similar to that of Gaziantep. In fact, a portion of Birecik feels more attached to Gaziantep than the rest of Şanlıurfa to the point that in 2018, it was requested that the districts of Halfeti and Birecik became a part of Gaziantep Province. In 1918, Woodrow Wilson, the American president at the time, requested information on the ethnic demographics of the region. Through an urgent request from the Ministry of the Interior, in late 1918, the mutasarrifate of Urfa reported that there were roughly 26 thousand Turks, 2 thousand Kurds, 5 hundred Armenians in the kaza of Birecik, totaling to approximately 28.5 thousand people. Much of the Turkish population in the town and nearby villages migrated to cities to the west, especially Gaziantep and Istanbul, and gradually, the district and the town became half Turkish and half Kurdish with Kurds having a slight majority.
Gallery
See also
Birecik Bridge
Birecik Dam
References
External links
District Governor's Office
Picture gallery of this town
Greek colonies in Anatolia
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Turkey
Roman towns and cities in Turkey
Populated places in Şanlıurfa Province
Populated places on the Euphrates River
Districts of Şanlıurfa Province
Catholic titular sees in Asia
Aleppo vilayet
Kurdish settlements in Turkey |
4013182 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leo%20Steinberg | Leo Steinberg | Leo Steinberg (July 9, 1920 – March 13, 2011) was a Russian-born American art critic and art historian.
Life
Steinberg was born in Moscow, Russian SFSR, the son of Isaac Nachman Steinberg, a Jewish lawyer and Socialist Revolutionary Party politician who was People's magistrate of Justice under Vladimir Lenin from 1917 to 1918. His family left the Soviet Union in 1923, and settled in Berlin, Germany. In 1933, after the Nazis came to power, the Steinbergs were forced to move again, this time to the United Kingdom. Intending to become an artist, Steinberg studied at the Slade School of Fine Art (part of the University of London).
In 1945, encouraged by his older sister and her husband, Steinberg moved to New York City. For years he made a living writing art criticism and teaching art, including at the Parsons School of Design. In 1957, William Kolodney invited Steinberg to give a lecture series at the Metropolitan Museum of Art. "Change and Permanence in Western Art" focused on ten periods of art, dealing with problems or solutions with special relevance to modern thought and taste.
The importance of his criticism of modern art was proven by his being included in Tom Wolfe's 1975 book The Painted Word, in which Steinberg, Harold Rosenberg, and Clement Greenberg were all labeled the "kings of Cultureburg" for the influence of their criticism. Steinberg eventually moved away from art criticism and developed a scholarly interest in such artists and architects as Francesco Borromini, Michelangelo, and Leonardo da Vinci. In 1960, he earned his PhD at New York University's Institute of Fine Arts with a dissertation on the architectural symbolism of Borromini's San Carlo alle Quattro Fontane in Rome. Subsequently, he taught at Hunter College of the City University of New York. In 1975, he was appointed Benjamin Franklin Professor of the History of Art at the University of Pennsylvania, where he taught until retiring in 1991. From 1995 to 1996, Steinberg was a guest professor at Harvard University, delivering the Charles Eliot Norton lectures on "The Mute Image and the Meddling Text."
Steinberg approached the history of art in a revolutionary manner, helping to move it from a dry consideration of factual details, documents, and iconographic symbols to a more dynamic understanding of meaning conveyed via various artistic choices. For example, in 1972, Steinberg introduced the idea of the "flatbed picture plane" in his book Other Criteria, a collection of essays. The whole of the Summer, 1983, issue of the journal October was dedicated to Steinberg's essay The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion, later published as a book by Random House and by publishers in other countries. In that essay, Steinberg examined a previously ignored pattern in Renaissance art: the prominent display of the genitals of the infant Christ and the attention also drawn to that area in images of Christ near the end of his life, in both cases for specific theological reasons involving the concept of the Incarnation – the word of God made flesh. Steinberg died on March 13, 2011, in New York City at the age of 90.
Steinberg's collection of 3,200 prints is held at The Leo Steinberg Collection, Blanton Museum of Art, University of Texas, Austin. His papers are held at the Getty Research Institute.
Personal life
In 1962 Steinberg married Dorothy Seiberling, an art editor for Life magazine; the marriage ended in divorce. For more than 40 years, Sheila Schwartz was his "indispensable collaborator", assistant and editor. Steinberg had no children.
Awards
1983 Award in Literature from the American Academy and Institute of Arts and Letters
1984, Frank Jewett Mather Award in Art Journalism, College Art Association
1986 MacArthur Fellows Program
Thesis
Steinberg's research particularly focused on the works of Michelangelo, Leonardo da Vinci, and other Italian Renaissance artists and their depictions of Christ in art. As a critic, he produced important work on Pablo Picasso, Jasper Johns and Willem de Kooning. One of his most significant essays was Contemporary Art and the Plight of its Public, which appeared in March 1962 in Harper's Magazine.
Steinberg took an informal approach to criticism, sometimes using a first-person narrative in his essays, which personalized the experience of art for readers. This was in juxtaposition to many formalist critics at the time, such as Clement Greenberg, who were known to be resolute in their writing. In many of his writings, he expressed his love for art's ability not only to reflect life but also to become it and commented, "Anything anybody can do, painting does better." He believed that the difference between modern painting and that of the Old Masters was the viewer's subjective experience of that artwork. He also believed that Abstract Expressionist action painters, such as Jackson Pollock, were more concerned with creating good art than with merely expressing a personal identity on canvas, a point of view contrary to that held by Harold Rosenberg, another American art critic of Steinberg's era.
Works
Renaissance and Baroque Art: Selected Essays, edited by Sheila Schwartz (University of Chicago Press, 2020).
Michelangelo's Painting: Selected Essays, edited by Sheila Schwartz (University of Chicago Press, 2019).
Michelangelo's Sculpture: Selected Essays, edited by Sheila Schwartz (University of Chicago Press, 2018).
Leo Steinberg: Selections
Other Criteria: Confrontations with Twentieth Century Art, (Oxford University Press, 1972; reprinted University of Chicago Press, 2007).
"Pontormo's Capponi Chapel." Art Bulletin 56, no. 3 (1974): 385–399.
"Borromini's San Carlo alle quattro fontane: A Study in Multiple Form and Architectural Symbolism (Ph.D. diss., New York University, 1960). Garland Publishing, 1977.
The Sexuality of Christ in Renaissance Art and in Modern Oblivion. (Pantheon, 1983; revised edition University of Chicago Press, 1996.)
Leonardo's Incessant Last Supper (Zone Books, 2001).
"Contemporary Art and the Plight of its Public" Harper's 224 no. 1,342 (March 1962): 31–39.
References
External links
" A Chat with Leo Steinberg", Artnet, Charlie Finch.
"Expanded Text of Leo Steinberg Interview", The Washington Post, Blake Gopnik, October 5, 2008.
"Leo's 'Last Supper': An Exchange", The New York Review of Books, Volume 49, Number 17, November 7, 2002.
1920 births
2011 deaths
American art historians
American art critics
Alumni of the Slade School of Fine Art
New York University Institute of Fine Arts alumni
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Jewish American historians
American male non-fiction writers
Harvard University faculty
Soviet emigrants to Germany
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to the United Kingdom
Hunter College faculty
MacArthur Fellows
People from Moscow
Writers from New York City
Historians from New York (state)
21st-century American Jews
British emigrants to the United States |
4013189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northeast%20Greenland%20National%20Park | Northeast Greenland National Park | Northeast Greenland National Park (, ) is the world's largest national park and the 9th largest protected area (the only larger protected areas all consist mostly of sea). Established in 1974 and expanded to its present size in 1988, it protects of the interior and northeastern coast of Greenland and is bigger than all but 29 of the world's 195 countries. It was the first national park to be created in the Kingdom of Denmark and remains Greenland's only national park. It is the northernmost national park in the world. It is the second largest by area of any second level subdivision of any country in the world trailing only the Qikiqtaaluk Region, Nunavut, Canada.
Geography
The park shares borders, largely laid out as straight lines, with the Sermersooq municipality in the south and with the Avannaata municipality in the west, partly along the 45° West meridian on the ice cap. The large interior of the park is part of the Greenland Ice Sheet, but there are also large ice-free areas along the coast and on Peary Land in the north. The park includes the King Frederick VIII Land and King Christian X Land geographical areas.
The area is subject to larger loss of ice than expected.
History
Originally created on 22 May 1974 from the northern, practically uninhabited part of the former Ittoqqortoormiit Municipality in Tunu (East Greenland), in 1988 the park was expanded by another to its present size, adding the northeastern part of the former county of Avannaa (North Greenland). In January 1977 it was designated an international biosphere reserve. The park is overseen by the Greenland Department of Environment and Nature. The historical research camps on the ice sheet—Eismitte and North Ice—fall within the boundaries of the present-day park.
Population
The park has no permanent human population, although 400 sites see occasional summertime use. In 1986, the population of the park was 40, living at Mestersvig. These 40 were involved in cleanup and closeout operations at mining exploration sites and soon left. Since then censuses have recorded zero permanent human population. In 2008, only 31 people and about 110 dogs were present over winter in North East Greenland, distributed among the following stations (all on the coast, except Summit Camp):
Daneborg (12) headquarters of the Sirius Patrol, the park policing agency
Danmarkshavn (8) civilian weather station
Station Nord (5) military base
Mestersvig (2) military outpost with 1,800 m gravel runway
Zackenberg (0) summer-only research station
Summit Camp (4) research station on the Greenland Ice Sheet
During summer scientists add to these numbers. The research station Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations (ZERO) can cater for over 20 scientists and station personnel.
Fauna
An estimated 5,000 to 15,000 musk oxen, as well as numerous polar bears and walrus, can be found near the coastal regions of the park. In 1993, this was estimated to be 40% of the world population of musk ox. Other mammals include Arctic fox, stoat, collared lemming, Arctic hare and a small but important population of Greenland wolf. Other marine mammals include ringed seal, bearded seal, harp seal and hooded seal as well as narwhal and beluga whale.
Species of birds which breed in the park include great northern diver, barnacle goose, pink-footed goose, common eider, king eider, gyrfalcon, snowy owl, sanderling, ptarmigan and raven.
See also
List of national parks
Nanok
References
External links
Main park webpage
Image gallery
UN website on park
ZERO - Zackenberg Ecological Research Operations
Exploration History of Northeast Greenland
Icebergs in Hekla Havn - slideshow
National parks in Greenland
Biosphere reserves of Greenland
Protected areas established in 1974
1974 establishments in Denmark
Greenland
Arctic |
4013194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mac%20Mall | Mac Mall | Jamal Rocker (born June 14, 1975), professionally known by his stage name Mac Mall, is an American rapper who became known in the mid/late 1990s as one of the local artists putting the Bay Area on the hip hop map. Mac Mall signed with the record label, Young Black Brotha Records, and later came to own the label, for the production of his own albums, and those of associates.
One of Mac Mall's first singles was a song called "Ghetto Theme", which had a music video directed by Tupac Shakur in 1994. He was also longtime friends with Mac Dre, who was his mentor early on in his career. He is also cousins to E-40, B-Legit and Sway Calloway.
Career
In 1993, Mac Mall released his debut album Illegal Business? on Young Black Brotha Records. Entirely produced by Khayree Shaheed, the album featured Ray Luv and Mac Dre. Illegal Business? moved over 200,000 units independently, a major feat for an independent artist and record label. He met Tupac Shakur shortly after the album's release, who after praising Mac's music offered to direct a video for the single "Ghetto Theme". In 1995 he contributed a verse to E-40's "Dusted and Disgusted" and Eightball & MJG's "Friend or Foe". In 1996 he signed a record deal with Relativity Records, which released his second, and most commercially successful album, Untouchable.
In 1996, he appeared on the Red Hot Organization's compilation CD, America Is Dying Slowly, alongside Biz Markie, Wu-Tang Clan and Fat Joe, among many other prominent hip hop artists. The CD, meant to raise awareness of the AIDS epidemic among African American men, was heralded as "a masterpiece" by The Source magazine.
In 1999, he started his own Sesed Out Records label, the first release being the compilation Mac Mall Presents the Mallennium, followed by his first solo album on the label and third overall, Illegal Business? 2000 a year later. Though no longer on a major label, he still managed to achieve success on Illegal Business? 2000, which spawned what is perhaps his most well known single, "Wide Open". Immaculate followed in 2001, which would find him once again reuniting with longtime collaborator Khayree Shaheed. After 2002's Mackin Speaks Louder Than Words, he took a 4-year hiatus from solo albums, instead focusing on collaborative efforts with JT the Bigga Figga and Mac Dre. He began work on an album with Mac Dre, which would be called Da U.S. Open. Unfortunately, Dre passed before the album was released, and it ended up being some of Dre's final recordings.
In 2006, Mac Mall returned with his first solo album on Thizz Entertainment, Thizziana Stoned and the Temple of Shrooms. "Perfect Poison", a song off of the album, was featured in the video game Skate. He followed up Thizziana with Mac To The Future in 2009, becoming his second solo album with Thizz.
In 2011, Mac Mall announced that he will release an album in November called The Rebellion Against All There Is. It will be a joint release with his own label Thizzlamic Records, and Young Black Brotha Records. The Rebellion Against All There Is will include 17 tracks, with features from Ray Luv, Shima, Boss Hogg, Luiyo La Musico and Latriece Love. The first single from the album is "To Live In The Bay". Moreover, Mac reunites with producer Khayree, who is said to be producing the whole effort. Seventeen years ago, Khayree produced Mac's Young Black Brotha Records debut, Illegal Business?. It has been 12 years since the Bay Area pair worked together. Though initially planned for November 2011, The Rebellion Against All There Is is now scheduled for release on February 21, 2012. A music video for his next single, "The Rebellion Against All There Is", will be released shortly before the album hits stores.
Mac Mall also collaborated with fellow west coast rapper Daniel Jordan and Detroit-based rapper/producer Esham on Jordan's 2011 album The Stranger, on the song "Sad Clown".
In November 2015, Mac Mall released an autobiography called "My Opinion". The book was named after the popular song on his first album. In the book Mac Mall writes about how he became a rapper, growing up in Vallejo and how his career progressed.
Discography
Studio albums
Illegal Business? (1993)
Untouchable (1996)
Illegal Business? 2000 (1999)
Immaculate (2001)
Mackin Speaks Louder Than Words (2002)
Thizziana Stoned and the Temple of Shrooms (2006)
Mac to the Future (2009)
The Rebellion Against All There Is (2011)
Macnifacence & Malliciousness (2014)
Legal Business? (2015)
1990's (2017)
Collaboration albums
Beware of Those with JT the Bigga Figga (2000)
Illegal Game with JT the Bigga Figga (2004)
Da U.S. Open with Mac Dre (2005)
References
External links
1975 births
Living people
Gangsta rappers
West Coast hip hop musicians
African-American male rappers
Musicians from Vallejo, California
Hip hop musicians from San Francisco
Rappers from the San Francisco Bay Area
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people |
4013199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accelerator%20table | Accelerator table | In Windows programming, an accelerator table allows an application to specify a list of accelerators (keyboard shortcuts) for menu items or other commands. For example, Ctrl+S is often used as a shortcut to the File→Save menu item, Ctrl+O is a common shortcut to the File→Open menu item, etc. An accelerator takes precedence over normal processing and can be a convenient way to program some event handling.
Accelerator tables are usually located in the resources section of the binary.
Accelerators and menus
Each accelerator is associated with a control ID, the same kind of IDs which are assigned to buttons, combo boxes, list boxes, and also menu items. In this way, GUI objects can be created which represent the same function as an accelerator.
Since using the menus, and subsequently the mouse, is not always the best solution, it is important to provide users with the possibility to minimize usage of the mouse. For this reason showing the accelerators in menus can be useful; it informs the user that there are shortcuts, and that using the mouse is not always mandatory.
Electron usage
The software framework Electron also uses the term "Accelerator" as the name for its API to specify keyboard shortcuts for menu items and program behaviors on multiple platforms, including those other than Windows.
See also
Keyboard shortcut
References
User interface techniques |
4013202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Detlef%20Michel | Detlef Michel | Detlef Michel (born October 13, 1955 in Berlin), is a German track and field athlete. He represented East Germany during the 1980s and was one of the world's best in the javelin throw. His most important result came when he won the World Championship title in Helsinki 1983 with a throw of 89.48 meters in adverse conditions (rain), beating world record holder Tom Petranoff (99.72m, 5 May 1983) of the USA by a comfortable margin. In fact, Michel threw the four longest throws of the final.
He competed in the Olympic Games twice, in 1980 and 1988, but went out in the qualifying round both times. He was unable to compete in 1984 due to his country's boycott of the games in Los Angeles and retired from professional sports in 1990.
Michel represented the Berlin sport club and trained with Peter Börner. During his career he was 1.84 meters tall and weighed 93 kilograms.
Michel's personal best under the old (pre-1986) javelin design specifications of 96.72 meters, thrown in Berlin on June 8, 1983, was for a while tied with Ferenc Paragi for second best in the world, behind only Petranoff's world record; it was later also exceeded by Uwe Hohn.
Results at the European Athletics Championships
1978: 4th place (85.46)
1982: 3rd place (89.32)
1986: 2nd place (81.90)
References
External links
1955 births
Living people
Athletes from Berlin
East German male javelin throwers
World Athletics Championships athletes for East Germany
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes of East Germany
World Athletics Championships winners
Friendship Games medalists in athletics |
4013220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Artigas%20Bridge | General Artigas Bridge | The General Artigas Bridge () is an international road bridge that crosses the Uruguay River and joins Argentina and Uruguay. It runs between Colón, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, and Paysandú, Paysandú Department, Uruguay. It is a cantilever bridge with a total length of 2,350 metres (7,709 ft). The main span of the bridge measures 140 metres (460 ft) in length.
The bridge is named after José Gervasio Artigas, the father of Uruguayan independence. It was inaugurated on December 10, 1975.
References
Puentes sobre el Río Uruguay (in Spanish)
See also
Libertador General San Martín Bridge
Salto Grande Bridge
Cellulose plant conflict between Argentina and Uruguay
External links
Bridges in Argentina
Bridges in Uruguay
International bridges
Buildings and structures in Entre Ríos Province
Buildings and structures in Paysandú Department
Bridges completed in 1975
Argentina–Uruguay border crossings
Bridges over the Uruguay River
Cantilever bridges
José Gervasio Artigas |
4013222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Shalleck | Alan Shalleck | Alan J. Shalleck (November 14, 1929 – February 6, 2006) was an American writer and producer for children's programming on television, most known for his work on later Curious George books and the 1980s television shorts.
Shalleck studied drama at Syracuse University in Syracuse, New York and went to work for CBS in the 1950s, eventually becoming an associate producer on the children's television series Winky Dink and You. In the early sixties he moved to Montreal where he produced "Like Young", at CFCF-TV, a highly successful teen music/dance show starring Jim McKenna that was eventually picked up and syndicated by Dick Clark Productions. Following his years at CBS, and CFCF-TV Shalleck was a producer at The Network for Continuing Medical Education and then formed his own production company (AJ Shalleck Productions) and produced a number of low-budget children's animated films and television episodes.
In 1977, he approached Margret Rey about producing a television series based on Curious George, which led to the 1980 television show. Shalleck and Rey wrote more than 100 short episodes for the series. In addition, they collaborated on a number of children's books and audiobooks. (Some of these books list Rey as the author and Shalleck as the editor, while others reverse the credits.)
In his retirement, Shalleck created the company "Reading By GRAMPS" and visited local elementary schools, bookstores, and other events to read books to children and promote literacy. However, he also experienced financial problems and was forced to supplement his income with part-time jobs. He most recently worked as a bookseller for Borders Books in Boynton Beach, Florida.
On February 7, 2006, a few days before the theatrical release of a Curious George animated motion picture, Shalleck's body was discovered, partially hidden, at his home in Boynton Beach, Florida, a victim of a robbery/homicide. His attackers were tracked down using the victim's phone records. They confessed to the crime.
On October 19, 2007, one of Shalleck's murderers, 31-year-old Rex Ditto, was sentenced to life in prison and is not eligible for parole. Ditto's co-defendant, Vincent Puglisi, was convicted of first-degree murder and robbery with a deadly weapon on June 24, 2008. He was sentenced in July 2008 to life in prison and is also not eligible for parole.
References
American children's writers
Television producers from New York (state)
1929 births
2006 deaths
2006 murders in the United States
American murder victims
Syracuse University alumni
Deaths by stabbing in Florida
People murdered in Florida
Male murder victims
People from Boynton Beach, Florida
Curious George
Television producers from Florida |
4013224 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bo%C4%9Fazk%C3%B6y | Boğazköy | Boğazköy can refer to the following places:
In Turkey
Boğazkale, a town and district in Çorum Province
Hattusa, the ancient Hittite site located near Boğazkale
Boğazköy, Amasya
Boğazköy, Bucak
Boğazköy, Dicle
Boğazköy, Ergani
Boğazköy, Gercüş
Boğazköy, İnegöl
Boğazköy, Karacabey
Boğazköy, Mustafakemalpaşa
Boğazköy, Sarıyahşi
Elsewhere
Boğazköy, Cyprus, in Kyrenia District
Boğazköy, the Turkish name for Cernavodă, Romania |
4013232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amazons%20%28card%20game%29 | Amazons (card game) | Amazons is an old patience or card solitaire game which is played with a single deck of playing cards. The game is played with a Piquet pack minus the kings or a standard 52-card pack that has its twos, threes, fours, fives, sixes, and kings removed. This game is named after the female-led tribe, the Amazons, because the queen is the highest card, and all queens are displayed if the game is won.
Background
Amazons is an old game, recorded as early as 1898 in the 2nd series of Dick's Games of Patience, where it is described as being played with a Piquet pack. Parlett points out that, like Puzzler, it is the short pack equivalent of the compulsive but frustrating game of Auld Lang Syne. As a 32-card patience, it is not commonly included in English games compendia.
Rules
First, four cards are dealt in a row as the tableau, called the auxiliary row by Dick and the reserve row by Morehead & Mott-Smith. Above this is another row of initially four spaces for the foundations. Once an ace is available, it is placed on the foundations from left to right in the order in which they become available.
If an available card in the auxiliary row is immediately below the foundation of the same suit and is the next card in sequence, it is played onto that foundation pile. The order of placing is in ascending sequence: A-7-8-9-10-J-Q.
When no more cards can be played, four more cards are then dealt, face up, one to each depot, covering any cards already there. The player pauses again to see if any of the cards dealt can be placed on the foundations. Spaces are not filled until the next deal. This process is repeated until the talon runs out. When it does, a new one is formed by picking up each pile in turn, turning them face down and dealing again; this should be done without reshuffling. The process of dealing the cards, building to the foundations, and redealing, is repeated without limit until the game is won or blocked i.e. lost.
The game is won when all cards are built onto the foundations, with the Queens at the top.
Strategy
Given the unlimited redeals, one of the best strategies for winning Amazons in as many as half the games played is to only play one Ace at a time rather than all of them initially, working on a single foundation at a time, and only playing another Ace when stuck despite redealing.
See also
List of patiences and solitaires
Glossary of patience and solitaire terms
Footnotes
References
Literature
Dick, Harris B. (1898). Dick's Games of Patience. Second series. 70 games. NY: Dick & Fitzgerald.
Liflander, Pamela (2002). The Little Book of Solitaire. Philadelphia, PA: Running Press.
Morehead, Albert and Geoffrey Mott-Smith (2001). The Complete Book of Solitaire and Patience. Slough: Foulsham.
Parlett, David (1979). The Penguin Book of Patience, London: Penguin.
Single-deck patience card games
Simple builders |
4013237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberdeen%20Burghs%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 | Aberdeen Burghs (UK Parliament constituency) | Aberdeen Burghs was a district of burghs constituency which was represented from 1708 to 1800 in the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain, and from 1801 to 1832 in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom.
Creation
The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland burgh constituencies of Aberdeen, Arbroath, Brechin, Inverbervie and Montrose.
Boundaries
The constituency consisted of the burgh of Aberdeen in the County of Aberdeen, the burgh of Inverbervie in the County of Kincardine, and the burghs of Arbroath, Brechin and Montrose in the County of Forfar.
History
The constituency returned one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until the seat was abolished for the 1832 general election.
In 1832 the constituency was divided between the new constituencies of Aberdeen and Montrose Burghs. The Aberdeen constituency covered the burgh of Aberdeen, while Montrose Burghs covered the other burghs plus the burgh of Forfar, which was previously a component of the Perth Burghs constituency.
Members of Parliament
Elections
Elections in the 1700s
Elections in the 1710s
Elections in the 1720s
Elections in the 1730s
Elections in the 1740s
Elections in the 1750s
Elections in the 1760s
Elections in the 1770s
Elections in the 1780s
Elections in the 1790s
Elections in the 1800s
Elections in the 1810s
Elections in the 1820s
Elections in the 1830s
References
Historic parliamentary constituencies in Scotland (Westminster)
Politics of the county of Aberdeen
Politics of the county of Forfar
Politics of the county of Kincardine
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1708
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1832
Politics of Aberdeen |
4013241 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anastasiya%20Vertinskaya | Anastasiya Vertinskaya | Anastasiya Alexandrovna Vertinskaya (, born 19 December 1944, Moscow, Soviet Union) is a Soviet and Russian actress, who came to prominence in the early 1960s with her acclaimed performances in Scarlet Sails, Amphibian Man and Grigori Kozintsev's Hamlet.
In the 1990s, disillusioned with the state of cinema at home, she went abroad to teach and spent 12 years in France, England, the United States and Switzerland. In 1988 Vertinskaya was designated a People's Artist of Russia. She is also a recipient of the Order of Honour (2005) and the Order of Friendship (2010).
Biography
Anastasiya Vertinskaya was born on 19 December 1944, in Moscow, soon after her father, the famous singer-songwriter Alexander Vertinsky returned from Harbin with his Georgian wife, painter and actress Lidiya Vertinskaya (née Tsirgvava). Anastasiya and her sister Marianna (one year her senior) spent their early years in the Moscow Metropol hotel; it was only in 1946 that the family was granted a proper flat at Gorky Street, 14. Their childhood was happy: growing up in a bi-lingual family, Anastasiya enjoyed intellectually stimulating environment and the rich cultural atmosphere of her parents' circle. Both sisters attended an ordinary school; studying music and foreign languages were regarded as educational priorities by their parents.
Vertinsky never scolded his daughters for failures, of which there were many because, as Anastasiya later remembered, she was more concerned at the time with exploring her dad's vast library than with her school studies. Alexander developed his own way of dealing with his daughters' problems. "He used to say: 'Now, the news of your misbehaviour make me suffer enormously' and I tried my best to somehow harness this nasty temper of mine – if only to relieve him from those sufferings," Vertinskaya remembered decades later.
Career
Young Anastasiya Vertinskaya was thinking of a career in linguistics, but things changed overnight in 1961 when the then sixteen-year-old was approached personally by the film director Aleksandr Ptushko for the role of Assol in Scarlet Sails. The romantic teenage drama based on Alexander Grin's novel became an instant success, making Anastasiya a national celebrity. Many of the future stars of Soviet cinema, including Vasily Lanovoy, Ivan Pereverzev, Sergey Martinson, and Oleg Anofriev, were in the cast, but, as critics noted, it was Vertinskaya's passionate performance that gave Scarlet Sails its flavour. 23 million people viewed the film during its first year.
In 1962 Vertinskaya starred in the Amphibian Man, Gennady Kazansky and Vladimir Chebotarev's adaptation of Alexander Belyayev's science fiction novel of the same title. Cast as Gutierrez, a young woman in love with an amphibian man, Vertinskaya had to go through difficult late autumn underwater shooting sessions which she performed all by herself, without any stuntwomen involved. The film became the Soviet 1962 box-office blockbuster. "Vertinskaya was now a brand. People were going to the cinema to watch her, specifically," her future husband Nikita Mikhalkov later recalled. All this changed the teenage actress's life dramatically. "In those days there weren't any bodyguards. I used to travel by tram to my studies. I had to queue for bread like everyone else. Not only was I recognized, they made a point of touching me too... It was in those days that I developed the fear of crowds... This immense psychic violence haunted me all through those years," she later remembered.
In 1962 Vertinskaya joined the Moscow Pushkin Drama Theatre troupe. This meant that from then on she had to continuously tour the country with the then popular so-called "theater brigades". In 1963, assisted by Lyudmila Maksakova, her elder sister Marianna's friend, Vertinskaya enrolled into the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute. The young actress' eagerness to act was, in her own words, "next to maniacal." Nikita Mikhalkov was one of her fellow students. They fell in love and married in 1966, only to be divorced three years later.
The role of Ophelia in the 1964 Grigori Kozintsev film Hamlet (starring Innokentiy Smoktunovsky) made Vertinskaya known internationally and proved to be a turning point in her career. As Kozintsev later wrote, Vertinskaya's strength was her "fragile purity and this Renaissance look she had." For the young actress working next to masters like Smoktunovsky proved to be invaluable in terms of learning, introducing the young actress to many of what she called "this magic kitchen's secrets." "Ophelia made me realize for the first time that acting was indeed my destiny," she later said.
While still at the Shchukin Theatre Institute, Vertinskaya received the role of Princess Bolkonsky in Sergey Bondarchuk's epic adaptation of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace (1966–1967). It was her sensual, touchingly naive portrayal that gave this character a new, humane dimension. This was the director's idea. According to Vertinskaya,
Vertinskaya said it was War and Peace that taught her how to "create a deep tragic undercurrent in something that on the face of it bears no sign of tragedy whatsoever." Less famous but still highly respectable was her performance as Kittie Shcherbatskaya in Aleksandr Zarkhi's 1968 adaptation of Anna Karenina. Among other late 1960s Vertinskaya's films were Hold Your Head Up! (Ne goryui!, by Georgy Daneliya), The Polunin's Case (Slutchay s Poluninym, adapted from Konstantin Simonov's book, and The Preliminary Man (Prezhdevremennyi tchelovek), Abram Room's adaptation of Maxim Gorky's unfinished novel Yakov Bogomolov.
Vertinskaya in theatre
In 1967 Vertinskaya joined the Vakhtangov Theatre troupe and spent there one season, before moving to Sovremennik in 1968, where she stayed until 1980. Theatrical experience was, admittedly, of the utmost importance to an actress who never felt confident enough while acting in movies. "I was a slow developer," she admitted years later. In Sovremennik she starred as Olivia (Twelfth Night), Ranevskaya (The Cherry Orchard) and Valentina (Mikhail Roshchin's Valentin and Valentina).
In 1980 Vertinskaya left Sovremennik for the Moscow Art Theater. "It was only here that I acquired the level of professionalism I was craving for," she said in an interview years later. At MAT Vertinskaya mastered two roles from Anton Chekhov's repertoire, traditionally regarded as difficult: Nina Zarechnaya (The Seagull) and Yelena Andreyevna (Uncle Vanya). Critics praised Vertinskaya's performances, "emotionally charged, yet perfectly controlled." Among her other triumphs of the time were Elmire in Molière's Tartuffe directed by Anatoly Efros, Liza Protasova (Lev Tolstoy's Living Corpse), Natasha (Alone with Everybody by Alexander Gelman), and Pat (Mother-of-Pearl Zinaida by Mikhail Roshchin). In 1989 Vertinskaya portrayed her own father in The Mirage or the Russian Pierrot's Way, a show that she herself wrote a script for and directed to mark the centennial birthday anniversary of Alexander Vertinsky.
Vertinskaya excelled in her Shakespearean roles. First, in a theatrical experiment staged by director Anatoly Efros at Taganka Theatre, she played both Prospero and Ariel in Shakespeare's The Tempest, premiered at the Moscow Pushkin Museum. Highly original was her Olivia in Peter James's Sheffield Theatre production of Twelfth Night (1975), better known to Russian audiences for its televised version, which premiered in 1978. This role, in which Vertinskaya was allowed to demonstrate her comic talent for the first time, remains one of her personal favourites. The actress (according to the magazine 7 Days) portrayed her heroine "not as a sultry beauty but as a Grace, infinitely charming and funny, full of boredom-related whims and flashes of sincerity, the product of her lively, inquisitive mind." Among the grand men of the Soviet theatre who praised Vertinskaya's unusual versatility was Anatoly Efros who once said the actress was "so physically natural and yet artistically graceful" that it was "almost unbelievable."
1970s – 1980s: Vertinskaya in film
The success hasn't made life in the theatre any easier for Vertinskaya. She remembered how in Sovremennik (after Ophelia made her known internationally) she was shifted back to the mass scenes. Yevgeny Yevstigneev complained bitterly because the moment he (as the King in The Naked King) stepped on stage the audience responded in a hushed collective whisper: "Look over there, it's Vertinskaya in the crowd!" Occasionally, Vertinskaya remembered, she had to artificially "simplify" her facial features (even to stuff her nostrils) so as to fit the Soviet "common heroine" stereotype. "In those times, they demanded a different kind of heroine: ruddy-faced cheerful 'activistkas'", – the actress responded when asked about huge gaps in her working schedule in the early 1970s.
In 1978 the film Nameless Star (an adaptation of Mihail Sebastian's play) premiered on Soviet TV. The film's director (and also a well-known actor) Mikhail Kozakov gave Vertinskaya (with whom he was having a passionate love affair at the time) total freedom of improvisation, letting the two – Mona the character and Anastasiya the performer – almost merge. The film (where her partner was Igor Kostolevsky) remained one of Vertinskaya's all time favorites. The officials, however, disliked it.
Her next two films were The Gadfly (1980), based on Ethel Lilian Voynich's novel, where she played Jemma (her male counterpart, the then debutant, Andrey Kharitonov, later filmed her as a director) and The Theft, based on a play by Jack London, starring Innokenty Smoktunovsky.
As time went by, Vertinskaya was feeling more and more dissatisfied with what was going on around her – on stage and beyond. Twenty years later one critic called her a "symbol of the decades": "In the 60's she was a dream-girl, in the 70's – a style emblem, in the 80's – a movie idol." The feeling of frustration that was in the air, touched her as well. Vertinskaya's later work, including Margarita in The Master and Margarita (1994, directed by Yuri Kara and released only in 2011), another of her personal favourites, was made against the background of general decline in national cinema and culture in general.
Retirement
In 1989 the invitation came from the Oxford University for Vertinskaya and Alexander Kalyagin to give master classes on theatrical craftsmanship. She spent the next 12 years teaching in England, France and Switzerland. "I realized that one had to reinvent oneself literally seven times during one's lifetime, otherwise one wouldn't be able to fully realize oneself. Why should I sit and moan about good roles eluding me? You need to learn to turn your back on the scene that doesn't suit you," she later explained in an interview, speaking also of how relieved she felt at having dropped this 'everlasting worry' about the need of being continuously in demand.
After Oxford Vertinskaya taught drama at the Comedie-Francaise (Théâtre de la République), at the Chekhov Theatre school, and at EFAS (European Film Actor School). Her play Chekhov, Act III, compiled of third acts from the Russian playwright's three classic plays ran successfully at the Théâtre Nanterre-Amandiers. Later she warmly remembered her European students' passionate love of the arts and their determination.
In 2000 Vertinskaya returned home. In 2002 she appeared in Imago, the stage production based upon M. Kurochkin's interpretation of George Bernard Shaw's Pygmalion directed by Nina Tchusova. In her 2009 Izvestiya interview Vertinskaya expressed regret about how little worthy roles were there to be found in the modern Russian theatre and said she'd rather stay away from the stage at all than start playing "hitmen's mums" (one such suggestion she had received). "I have no immediate plans concerning the stage and see no personal drama in it," she said.
Vertinskaya's two major concerns in the 21st century were the Russian Actors Foundation charity she founded in 1991, as well as restoring and producing her father's records; three of them came out in France. In 2010 Vertinskaya published a book of poetry she'd been working on for five years. She is also involved in her son Stepan Mikhalkov's restaurant business in Moscow.
Critical reception
Vertinskaya's 1961 debut was successful with both cinema fans and critics, some of the latter hailing the fifteen-year-old a future star of the Soviet cinema. "No other Soviet actress could have played Assol. Her eyes, her profile, her thin arms... her flying gate – she was a real-life dream-girl," actress Natalya Seleznyova remembered. The young girl's slight clumsiness looked natural on screen, while her strengths – 'gracefulness', 'youthful charms' and an 'aura of other-worldliness' – went undisputed, according to critic L.Nekhoroshev. "It was as if a young flower blossomed before our eyes in the Soviet cinema," critic Andrei Plakhov recalled years later. Part of Vertinskaya's appeal was her unconventional good looks; the actress has been described variously as "the Soviet Vivien Leigh" and an "anti-Soviet-looking Soviet beauty."
Ophelia in Grigory Kozintsev's Hamlet marked a turning point in Vertinskaya's career. Some critics praised the way the director has managed to turn the young drama student's lack of self-confidence into an artistic statement, others were less impressed. According to Nekhoroshev, "cast into the set of directorial ideas, as if they were the iron corset of her Elizabethan dress, the young actress couldn't breathe freely in the atmosphere of high art she'd been submerged in." He had to agree, though, that "hidden within this rather mechanical Ophelia, certain inner logic and harmony have glimpsed through." E. Dobin regarded Vertinskaya's performance an artistic achievement. "This fresh ingénue's natural helplessness was used by the director as a distinctive feature of Ophelia's meek, vulnerable character... There wasn't a single vague or erratic note in young Vertinskaya's performance. Ophelia's image is crystal clear, as indeed is the actress's work, its deep transparency reminding one of a river, the bottom of which this heroine is destined for," he wrote. "Vertinskaya's Ophelia is probably one of the best in the history of theater and film. This role is extremely difficult for being seemingly unsubstantial next to those of Hamlet and other grandiose figures. Vertinskaya succeeded perfectly in making it fit in," Andrey Plakhov wrote.
Praised initially for her teenage charms, Vertinskaya soon evolved into a versatile and original actress. Her next, miniature but significant role, that of Princess Bolkonskaya in Sergey Bondarchuk's epic War and Peace garnered even more accolades. Critics noted a rare virtuosity with which "such a tragically fleeting, intrinsically unfulfilled character [had been made] strikingly vivid" and, even more extraordinary, continuously developing in the course of just four short scenes. "In Princess Liza there is a lot of inner dynamics and total integrity," according to the Actors of Soviet Cinema (1967) almanac.
Vertinskaya's work in Sovremennik (The Cherry Orchard, Valentin and Valentina) made critics speak of the "unique gracefulness" and the "technical virtuosity combined with deep psychological insight." Critically acclaimed were her performances in The Seagull (Nina) and Uncle Vanya (Elena). In Tartuffe, she elevated her Elmyra "onto on an enormous aesthetic pedestal, presenting her as a kind of noblewoman of old French canvasses, inapproachable in her beauty and grace," according to the Theatre magazine. The same critic marveled at her ability to create "beauty devoid of frustration; gracefulness without flaw, based on emotional fullness and self-enjoyment." In Shakespeare's The Tempest (produced by Anatoly Efros at Taganka) the actress demonstrated "the harmony of gesture, sound and movement," according to Krugosvet. The progress Vertinskaya made "from the charming but one-dimensional Assol-Ophelia" to the versatile multi-faceted master of many genres, was enormous, argued the critic Tatyana Moskvina. The fact that, unwilling to join the Soviet cinema's mainstream, she preferred to remain an enigmatic, out of the spotlight persona, added to her charisma. Later Vertinskaya solidified her reputation as "the nation's most secretive movie treasure," avoiding journalists and making her private life the subject of rumours and insinuations.
One of Vertinskaya's most notable roles in the 1970s was Countess Olyvia in The Twelfth Night, produced in Sovremennik by Peter Brook. Buoyed by the English director's democratic, improvisational approach and the energy of the star-studded cast, Vertinskaya fully realized her potential as a comedy actress. Konstantin Raikin thought Vertinskaya here was just playing herself. "She herself is very funny, ironic and naughty, so for once her own personality fitted into a role perfectly," he said. Vertinskaya as Mona in Mikhail Kozakov's Nameless Star was praised as quite natural and organic. The film had problems with the Soviet censorship but later was rated No.64 on Roskino's list of The Best Russian Films of All Time.
In The Master and Margarita (1994) the actress revealed hitherto unknown side of her artistic credo. According to V.Plotnikov, for years Vertinskaya has been "a victim of her background: everybody saw her as a 'little countess' or 'a little princess', while she herself often referred to herself as a natural-born witch." Tatyana Moskvina agreed that "infernal shadows of Bulgakov's novel" perfectly suited Vertinskaya, a "natural-born Margarita," neither "good nor evil, just totally otherworldly." This "hidden fire" of Bulgakov's heroine "has been burning in all of Vertinskaya's characters one way or another," the critic opined.
Recognition
In 1981, Anastasiya Vertinskaya was designated the People's Artist of the RSFSR. She received the Order of Honour in 2005 and the Order of Friendship in 2010. On 19 December 2009, her 65th birthday, both President Dmitry Medvedev and then Prime Minister Vladimir Putin sent her personal telegrams, speaking of her "bright individuality", never waning popularity and "unique roles, extraordinarily powerful and deep."
Family and private life
In 1967 Vertinskaya married Nikita Mikhalkov, now a renowned Russian film director and actor, then a fellow student at the Boris Shchukin Theatre Institute. Half a year after their son Stepan was born. The marriage lasted three years. Later Vertinskaya was romantically involved with actor Mikhail Kozakov, then had a three-year-long relationship with Russian rock singer-songwriter Alexander Gradsky. She is a stepmother to Anna, Artem, and Nadia, Nikita's children from his second wife.
Filmography
Scarlet Sails (Алые паруса, 1961) – Assol (leading role)
Amphibian Man (Человек-амфибия, 1962) – Guttieres
Hamlet (Гамлет, 1964) – Ophelia
War and Peace (Война и мир, 1966–67) – Princess Bolkonskaya
Anna Karenina, (Анна Каренина, 1968) – Kittie Scherbatskaya
Don't Grieve (Не горюй!, 1969) – Princess Mary Tzintsadze
Enamoureds (Влюбленные, 1969) – Tanya
The Polynin Case (Случай с Полыниным, 1970) – actress Galina Prokofyeva (leading role)
A Shadow (Тень, 1972) – Princess Louise
The Preliminary Man (Преждевременный человек, 1972) – Olga Borisovna (leading role)
A Man at His Place (Человек на своем месте, 1972) – Clara, architect
Domby and Son (Домби и сын, 1974 TV play) – Edyth Granger
Nameless Star (Безымянная звезда, 1978) – Mona (leading role)
The Twelfth Night (Двенадцатая ночь, 1979 TV play) – Olyvia
The Gadfly (Овод, 1980) – Gemma
Theft (Кража, 1982) – Margaret Chalmers
Days and Years of Nikolai Batygin (Дни и годы Николая Батыгина, 1987) – Liza Paltseva
The Lives of Don Quixotes and Sancho (Житие Дон Кихота и Санчо, 1988) – Duchess
New Adventures of a Yankee in King Arthur's Court (Новые приключения янки при дворе короля Артура, 1988) – Queen Morgana
The Tempest (Буря, 1988 TV play) – Prospero/Ariel
How Dark the Nights Are on the Black Sea (В городе Сочи темные ночи, 1989) – Dunya
Tartuffe (Тартюф, TV play, 1989) – Elmyra
Thirst of Passion (Жажда страсти, 1991) – (anonymous, leading role)
Master and Margarita (Мастер и Маргарита, 1994) – Margarita (leading role)
Town Musicians of Bremen (Бременские музыканты, 2000) – Atamansha Casus Belli'' (Казус Белли, 2002)
References
External links
Biography
Actresses from Moscow
People's Artists of Russia
Russian film actresses
Russian stage actresses
Soviet film actresses
Soviet stage actresses
Living people
1944 births
Recipients of the Order of Honour (Russia)
Russian people of Georgian descent |
4013245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aleida%20Guevara | Aleida Guevara | Aleida Guevara March ( Guevara; born 24 November 1960) is the eldest daughter of four children born to Ernesto "Che" Guevara and his second wife, Aleida March.
She is a doctor of medicine, based at the William Soler Children's Hospital in Havana. She has also worked as a physician in Angola, Ecuador, and Nicaragua. She is interviewed about the philosophy behind universal health care in Michael Moore's film Sicko.
Guevara has been an advocate for human rights and debt relief for developing nations. She is the author of the book Chávez, Venezuela and the New Latin America.
Early youth
Although Aleida was only four and a half when her father left Cuba to foment revolution in the Congo, and almost seven when he was executed in Bolivia, she still has fond memories of him. One such story that she has shared publicly is that her father (Che) would make up animal stories for his faraway children, stating:
Her father's influence
Guevara refers to her father Che as a source of personal inspiration. When giving speeches throughout the world, she often mentions his writings, remarking that she finds his diaries particularly helpful for their "political insights and emotional maturity". She has also stated that she finds herself occasionally exclaiming: "Caramba! If only we'd put in practice this or that suggestion we would be in a better position now." In reference to her father's widespread use as a symbol of rebellion, she has stated that when she sees a child carrying his image on a march and the child says, "I want to be like Che and fight until final victory", she feels elated.
In discussing her father's legacy, Aleida has remarked that:
Angolan medical mission
Guevara cites her time as part of a Cuban medical mission in Angola as leaving a lasting mark. She describes the impact of this experience with these words:
Chavez, Venezuela, and the New Latin America
Aleida Guevara interviewed former Venezuelan president Hugo Chávez for the book Chavez, Venezuela, and the New Latin America in February 2004. The book was turned into a documentary and includes excerpts from the interview with Chávez discussing the Bolivarian Revolution, interviews with Cuban humanitarian doctors working for the poor in Venezuela, an interview with General Jorge Carneiro about the April 2002 coup attempt, as well as scenes of life and support for Chávez in Venezuela.
Current work and personal life
As of 2009, Guevara helps run two homes for disabled children in Cuba and two more for refugee children with domestic problems. As a pediatrician specializing in childhood allergies, she has also been involved in medical support for a community in the flooded area around Río Cauto in eastern Cuba, while she has announced plans to work on the Island of Youth, which was devastated by several 2008 hurricanes.
She also participates as public intellectual and activist in conferences, debates and festivals, such as the Subversive Festival from 4 to 8 May 2013, in Zagreb, Croatia. There she was guest speaker next to other notable public thinkers like Slavoj Žižek and Tariq Ali.
She has two daughters, Estefania (aka 'guapísima') and Celia.
See also
Cuban medical internationalism
Healthcare in Cuba
References
External links
'I Grew Up with Extraordinary People' by Aleida Guevara March (January 2017)
Che Guevara's Daughter Voices Cuban Fears That Bush has Country in His Sights by Terri Judd, 16 October 2004, The Independent.
Che, My Father by Angelique Chrisafis, 3 May 2002, The Guardian.
Guevara's Daughter has a Cause, in the Image of her Father, 28 June 2003.
Journey Around My Father, 2 July 2003.
On the Motorcycle Behind my Father, Che Guevara by Aleida Guevara, 12 October 2004, International Herald Tribune.
Che's Daughter to Rally Reds for May Day March by Andrew Picken, Edinburgh Evening News, 11 April 2009
Dr. Aleida Guevara Speaks at 2010 International Che Guevara Conference by The Vancouver Observer
1960 births
Living people
Cuban pediatricians
Che Guevara
Cuban people of Basque descent
Cuban people of Spanish descent
Cuban people of Irish descent
Cuban people of Argentine descent |
4013247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padre%20Aldamiz%20International%20Airport | Padre Aldamiz International Airport | Padre Aldamiz International Airport , also known as Puerto Maldonado International Airport, is an airport serving the city of Puerto Maldonado in the Madre de Dios Region of Peru. The airport oversees a small number of domestic (national) commercial flights.
Padre Aldamiz International Airport is near some of Peru's noted ecological areas, such as the national jungle reserve of Tambopata-Candamo. Like many airports around the world, Padre Aldamiz International Airport benefits mostly from one type of traveler, in this case ecology tourists. Western doctors often warn that airport authorities require travelers to carry documentation informing about yellow fever vaccination because of its rainforest location.
The airport was served by Peru's national airline, AeroPerú. AeroPerú ceased operations in 1999, and, subsequently, other airlines have entered the Lima to Puerto Maldonado air route. Nuevo Continente made an attempt in 2004, but that airline suspended operations amid allegations of drug trafficking by their owners. It was served by LAN Perú and TACA Perú, the former continues to serve the airport as LATAM Peru.
The Peruvian Air Force flies Boeing 707 jets to Padre Aldamiz International Airport, to carry civilian cargo operations. The airport can handle landings by different types of jets. For example, LATAM Perú uses Airbus A320 family aircraft.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
See also
Transport in Peru
List of airports in Peru
References
External links
SkyVector Aeronautical Charts
OurAirports - Puerto Maldonado
Airports in Peru
Buildings and structures in Madre de Dios Region |
4013248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superman%3A%20Brainiac%20Attacks | Superman: Brainiac Attacks | Superman: Brainiac Attacks is a 2006 direct-to-video animated film from Warner Bros. Animation. Released on June 20, 2006, the film features Superman battling the forces of Lex Luthor and Brainiac, and his relationship with Lois Lane. Despite similar visuals, animation and voice cast, Brainiac Attacks is not canon to Superman: The Animated Series or the DC Animated Universe.
Plot
Brainiac crash lands on Earth and hijacks Lex Labs to collect Earth's data and amass the power of its weapons systems. Lois Lane and Jimmy Olsen are sent to one of Lex Luthor's laboratories after Brainiac arrives on Earth on a meteor, successfully dodging the attempts made by Luthor's satellite to destroy any potential damage to the Earth in an attempt to boost his popularity against Superman as the true hero of the people. Superman shortly arrives and finds Brainiac downloading data from the computers with information relating the various forms of weaponry from LexCorp, including the laser-equipped meteor shield that had attempted to destroy Brainiac earlier. Using his ice breath, Superman is able to seemingly destroy Brainiac, after Superman and Brainiac had engaged in battle.
Witnessing the incident, and how his satellite could be used as an effective weapon against Superman, Luthor finds Brainiac's still intact brain chip and takes it to LexCorp, where he reactivates Brainiac. He then proposes that Brainiac, with the technology of LexCorp as well as Kryptonite, defeat Superman, and then Luthor step in to chase Brainiac away from the Earth, in front of the world to make him appear as Earth's true hero, where he will then be free to conquer other planets, leaving Lex in charge of Earth. Brainiac accepts the agreement, and proceeds to rebuilding and improving himself.
Meanwhile, Clark Kent contemplates the idea of revealing his secret identity to Lois. The opportunity presents itself when editor Perry White, due to staff shortages, sends both Kent and Lois to review a restaurant in Metropolis. During this time, however, Brainiac returns. Among his improvements is the ability to track down Superman based on his DNA. After another battle with Brainiac, Superman has been significantly affected by Brainiac's kryptonite power rays, and Lois is critically injured in the process. It is revealed that her blood has been infected with a kryptonite, metallic-based poison, that is galvanizing her blood cells and if not treated, would prove fatal.
Feeling guilty, Superman obtains a sample of Lois' blood from the hospital and returns to the Fortress of Solitude where he analyzes Lois' blood using his Kryptonian technology. It is then when Superman discovers that the only cure for Lois' condition is to obtain a chemical substance, known as Argonium 44, from the Phantom Zone. However, Brainiac is able to locate Superman in his Antarctic retreat, and attempts to download the information of Krypton from Superman's computer. Superman then initiates a self-destruct sequence. Brainiac, not being able to locate Superman, presumes that he has been killed in the explosion. Superman had, in fact, gone into the Phantom Zone in order to find the Argonium 44, which would not only cure Lois and heal himself, but provide him with increased strength against Brainiac by shielding him from his kryptonite blast.
Brainiac returns to Metropolis where Luthor awaits in order to fulfill their agreement. Jimmy investigates Lex and realizes that he is working with Brainiac. Brainiac, however, intends to kill Luthor in order to conquer Earth, and had even removed the self-destructive component that Luthor had planted should Brainiac double cross him. Superman seemingly returns through a portal and cures Lois, but when bringing her out of the hospital, he realizes this experience is an illusion created by the Phantom Zone when Lois repeatedly goads him to stay with her and not go after Brainiac. After this, he is chased and attacked by several Phantoms before he actually escapes the Phantom Zone.
Returning to Metropolis, Superman and Brainiac engage in a lengthy battle, during which Luthor is injured in the crossfire. Mercy discovers Jimmy looking for evidence against Luthor and brutally attacks him. Eventually he takes over one of Lex's large, robotic exoskeletons and knocks her unconscious. Unfortunately, his camera is destroyed by his attack, relieving him of the chance to photograph evidence of Lex's schemes, much to his dismay. Superman seemingly defeats Brainiac and then returns to the hospital in order to cure the ailing Lois. But before Lois can take the cure, Braniac, who is now only a head, attacks the hospital and smashes the cure. Immediately afterwards, Superman finally destroys Brainiac by breaking his brain chip.
With the cure now destroyed, Lois faces certain death. Superman, regretting never telling Lois his true feelings then embraces her. It is then that his tears, containing Argonium 44 that had healed him earlier, makes contact with Lois, curing her. She presumes him to be Clark, but Superman, (having changed his mind for her safety) tells her he is just Superman. Later, Superman recovers a piece of his destroyed Kryptonian technology where he aims to rebuild his fortress. He then vows to quit his job at the Daily Planet in an attempt to prevent future harm to his loved ones, should any of his enemies discover his secret identity.
The movie ends with an injured Luthor facing criminal prosecution after the discovery of LexCorp's involvement with Brainiac's attack, and Lois racing to cover the appearance of Mr. Mxyzptlk (whose name Perry White struggles to pronounce) in Metropolis. Seeing Lois' eagerness to put herself in harm's way in order to cover a story, Superman goes back on his earlier decision to quit the Daily Planet so that he can be with Lois, as well as Metropolis' protector against the most powerful threats from the universe.
Cast
Tim Daly as Kal-El / Clark Kent / Superman
Lance Henriksen as Brainiac
Powers Boothe as Lex Luthor
Dana Delany as Lois Lane
George Dzundza as Perry White
David Kaufman as Jimmy Olsen
Mike Farrell as Jonathan Kent
Shelley Fabares as Martha Kent
Tara Strong as Mercy Graves
Production
The film was directed by Curt Geda, who worked on Superman: The Animated Series. The classic style was desired by Warner Bros, with Geda adding more humor and romance than previously explored in the animated series. Despite the film's visual style being the same as Superman: The Animated Series (as are the majority of its returning voice cast), writer Duane Capizzi has stated the film was not intended to be part of the DC Animated Universe. Additionally, DCAU cast members Clancy Brown (Lex Luthor), Corey Burton (Brainiac) and Lisa Edelstein (Mercy Graves) are absent from the film, with Powers Boothe, Lance Henriksen and Tara Strong voicing their respective characters instead.
Notably, this depiction of Lex Luthor, rather than being the cold, calculating industrialist portrayed in Superman: The Animated Series, seems to incorporate elements of Gene Hackman's less serious portrayals of the character in live-action movies, making Luthor more light-hearted and darkly whimsical, going as far as to make jokes about the situations around him.
See also
List of animated feature-length films
References
External links
Duane Capizzi on Superman: Brainiac Attacks, Interview Conducted by Jim Harvey
Director Talks Superman: Brainiac Attacks
Superman: Brainiac Attacks - IGN
2006 direct-to-video films
2006 films
Animated Superman films
Direct-to-video animated films based on DC Comics
Toonami
2000s American animated films
2000s animated superhero films
Films directed by Curt Geda
American children's animated superhero films
Films with screenplays by Duane Capizzi |
4013254 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steinberg%20%28surname%29 | Steinberg (surname) | Steinberg is a German and Ashkenazi Jewish surname. Variants: Shteinberg, Steinbarg.
Notable people with the surname include:
Music
Billy Steinberg, American songwriter
Elliot Easton (born Elliot Steinberg, 1953), American musician
Lewie Steinberg, American bassist in the band Booker T. & the M.G.'s
Maximilian Steinberg (1883–1946), Lithuanian-Russian composer
Michael Steinberg (music critic) (1928–2009), American music critic and musicologist
Michael P. Steinberg, American historian
Pinchas Steinberg (born 1945), Israeli conductor
Sebastian Steinberg (born 1959), American bassist in the band Soul Coughing
Simon Steinberg (1887-1955), Ukrainian composer
William Steinberg (1899–1978), German-American conductor
Lev Steinberg (1870-1945), Russian conductor and composer
Karl Steinberg (1952-), German founder of the musical software company Steinberg
Culture
David Steinberg (born 1942), Canadian comedian, actor, director, and writer
David I. Steinberg, American historian of Asia
Flo Steinberg, American independent comic book publisher
Hans H. Steinberg (born 1950), German actor
Jacob Steinberg (1887–1947), Israeli poet
Jonathan Steinberg (1934–2021), American historian of Germany
Joshua Steinberg (1839–1908), Lithuanian-Russian writer and educator
Leo Steinberg (1920–2011), American art historian
Michael Steinberg (filmmaker), American film director and producer
Morleigh Steinberg (born 1964), American dancer and choreographer
Neil Steinberg, American columnist
Saul Steinberg (1914–1999), Romanian-American cartoonist, notably for the New Yorker
Susan Steinberg (author) American author and artist (painter)
Susan Steinberg (producer) American television writer/ producer / director
Science
Deborah Lynn Steinberg, British sociologist
Gerald M. Steinberg, Israeli political scientist
Hannah Steinberg (1926–2019), British psychopharmacologist
Robert Steinberg, American mathematician
Rudolf Steinberg (born 1943), German professor, president of the Johann Wolfgang Goethe-University
Malcolm S. Steinberg (1930–2012), American biologist
Other people
Annie Sprinkle (Born Ellen F. Steinberg, 1954), American pornographic actress sex educator and former prostitute
Darrell Steinberg (born 1959), Mayor of the city of Sacramento, California
Erna Steinberg (1911–2001), German Olympic sprinter
Gerry Steinberg (1945–2015), British politician
Isaac Nachman Steinberg, (1888–1957) left-revolutionary-politician, lawyer and writer
James B. Steinberg, American politician (Deputy Secretary of State)
Jerry Steinberg, American founder of social organisations
Joel Steinberg (born 1941), American murderer
Joseph Steinberg (1883–1932), New York politician
Judith Steinberg Dean (born 1953), American physician and former First Lady of Vermont
Leigh Steinberg (born 1949), American sports agent
Leonard Steinberg, Baron Steinberg (1936–2009), British businessman
Mark Steinberg American sports agent (for Tiger Woods)
Melvin Steinberg (born 1933), American politician
Sam Steinberg (1905–1978), Canadian supermarket magnate
Saul Steinberg (business) (1939–2012), American investor
Fictional characters
Charlie "Chuck" and Ruth “Ruthie” Steinberg, siblings in the 2019 film Scary Stories to Tell in the Dark
See also
Steinberg (disambiguation)
Steinberger (disambiguation)
References
German-language surnames
Jewish surnames |
4013256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roja%20%28actress%29 | Roja (actress) | Roja (born Sri Latha Reddy; 17 November 1972), also known as Roja Selvamani or R.K. Roja, is an Indian former actress and politician. She is serving as the current Minister for Tourism, Culture and Youth Advancement of Andhra Pradesh since 2022. She was a leading actress in Tamil and Telugu films from 1991 to 2002. She has also acted in a few Kannada and Malayalam-language films. She won three Nandi Awards and one Tamil Nadu State Film Award. Roja began her political career in 1999 from the Telugu Desam Party and aligns with the YSR Congress Party since 2011. She was elected as an MLA from Nagari in Andhra Pradesh twice in the 2014 and 2019. She also serves as the YSR Congress Party's state women president. Between 2019 and 2021, Roja served as the chairperson of APIIC Andhra Pradesh.
In 2022, Roja offically made a public statement announcing her quitting the film industry to focus more on her political career as a politician. She also announced that she will no longer be acting in any films.
Early life
Roja was born as Sri Latha Reddy on 17 November 1972 to Nagaraja Reddy and Lalitha in Tirupati, Tirupati district, Andhra Pradesh. She was the only girl with two brothers Kumaraswamy Reddy and Ramaprasad Reddy. Later, the family moved to Hyderabad. She got her bachelor's degree in Political Science from Sri Padmavathi Women's University, Tirupati. Roja learnt Kuchipudi and was performing in dance before she entered films.
Career
Film career
Roja entered the film industry with Telugu films. Her first movie was Prema Thapassu with Rajendra Prasad where the complete movie was shot in Tirupati.
She was introduced to the Tamil film industry by director R. K. Selvamani with Chembaruthi, along with actor Prashanth. The movie was a hit and paved way for role in another success, Suriyan with Sarath Kumar. Both the films established her in Tamil cinema. She became known for songs such as "Meloor Maman" in the film Makkal Aatchi with Mammootty and "Mastana Mastana" in Raasaiyya with Prabhu Deva. Her performance in films with actors such as Rajinikanth in Veera, Arjun Sarja in Ayudha Poojai and Prabhu in Thirupathi Ezhumalai Venkatesa were praised. Roja's major career breakthrough was in the film Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen, directed by Vikraman. In Telugu, she appeared in successful movies like Mutha Mestri, Mugguru Monagallu, Bhairava Dweepam, Bobbili Simham, Annamayya, Anna, Peddannayya, Kshemamga Velli Labhamga Randi, Subhalagnam, Sri Krishnarjuna Vijayam and Kalavida. Her 100th movie was Pottu Amman. Roja later appeared in supporting roles in films like Arasu (2003), Parijatham (2006), Shambo Shiva Shambo (2010), Golimar (2010), Mogudu (2011), Kodipunju (2011), Veera (2011), Kaavalan (2011) and Saguni (2012).
Political career
Roja joined Telugu Desam in 1999 and was the president of the Telugu Mahila wing of the Party. She lost the 2009 AP State Elections. In August 2009, she quit TDP and joined YSR Congress Party when the party was established. In 2014 general elections, she won as an MLA from Nagari assembly constituency. She contested once again from Nagari assembly constituency in 2019 election. The results are announced and she won the seat again. She was appointed Chairperson of APIIC in 2020.
Despite Roja being an active speaker among women MLA's she was suspended from attending the legislative assembly for one year. The decision was taken by majority in the legislative house, on 18 December 2015, and by the approval of the Speaker. Y. S. Jagan Mohan Reddy, leader of the opposition, opposed the suspension. There were several concerns on the procedure followed while suspending Roja. Such doubts made the opposition to move no-trust motion against the speaker. An issue was raised by the opposition party on how the media clipping, property of the house, released and published on social media without the speaker's approval and the speaker also noted their concern and set up an inquiry to probe the issue further and submit a report by next meeting.
Other work
Roja played anchor in a show named Modern Mahalakshmi before getting replaced by Anasuya. This show was telecasted on MAA TV. She is one of the judges for the comedy shows Jabardasth and Extra Jabardasth. This show telecasts on E TV. She hosted one show for Zee Tamizh called lucka kicka, which was a huge hit in Tamil Nadu.
Personal life
Roja married Tamil film director R. K. Selvamani on 10 August 2002. The couple have a daughter and a son.
Roja had a penchant for hairdressing and it was evident as whenever she was on the sets she was seen hairdressing her peers like Devayani, Khushbu, Ranjitha and Mumtaz to name a few. According to Ramya Krishna, her friend and co-star, Roja is one of the few artists who can do their makeup themselves. Actress Mumtaz in an interview praised Roja's willingness and egoless attitude when she did her hair and make-up during a Singapore Film Show in 2003.
Filmography
Tamil cinema
Telugu cinema
Kannada cinema
Malayalam cinema
Television
Political statistics
Awards
Nandi Awards
Special Jury Award – Sarpayagam (1991)
Best Supporting Actress – Anna (1994)
Best Actress – Swarnakka (1998)
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards
1998 – Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Actress – Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen
Cinema Express Awards
1998 – Cinema Express Award for Best Actress – Tamil – Unnidathil Ennai Koduthen
Filmfare Award South
2010 – Nominated – Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress – Telugu – Golimaar
References
External links
Actresses from Andhra Pradesh
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Actresses in Kannada cinema
Actresses in Telugu cinema
Indian film actresses
Telugu actresses
Living people
1972 births
Actresses in Malayalam cinema
Telugu Desam Party politicians
YSR Congress Party politicians
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
Nandi Award winners
People from Tirupati
Women members of the Andhra Pradesh Legislative Assembly
Indian actor-politicians
Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2014–2019
Andhra Pradesh MLAs 2019–2024
21st-century Indian women politicians
21st-century Indian politicians
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Indian television actresses
Actresses in Telugu television
Actresses in Kannada television
Actresses in Tamil television |
4013257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ch%C3%BCmoukedima | Chümoukedima | Chümoukedima formally spelled Chumukedima, is a municipality in the Chümoukedima District of the Indian state of Nagaland. It is the third-largest urban agglomeration in Nagaland after Dimapur and Kohima. Chümoukedima was designated as the first headquarters of then Naga Hills District of Assam Province, British India from 1866 until the administrative office moved to Wokha in 1875 and then to Kohima in 1879.
History
It served as the first headquarters of the then Naga Hills District of Assam Province during the time of British rule in early 19th century. The town was also called Nechu Guard and also as Samaguting during World War II.
Demographics
India census, Chümoukedima had a population of 43,516.
Geography
It is located in the foothills of Naga Hills. The Tourist Village on the top of a hill projects a bird's eye view of the whole of Chümoukedima District, Dimapur District and other parts of Karbi Anglong District of Assam. Waterfalls are also located in this area.
Economy
Chümoukedima is one of the fastest-growing urban centres in Nagaland. In fact, it forms part of the Chümoukedima–Dimapur urban area, which is the largest and the fastest-growing urban hub of Nagaland. The town's population has grown by nearly five times in the last two decades.
Culture
Parks
Appu Park is a park located inside Chümoukedima Police Complex. The Nagaland Zoological Park, Green Park, Aqua Mellow Park, Agri Expo site Niathu Resort and Noune Resort are all located in the Chümoukedima Metropolitan Area.
Media
Chümoukedima is home to Nagaland's first satellite television network: Hornbill TV.
Transportation
Air
Chümoukedima is served by the Dimapur Airport located north from the city centre.
Road
Highways passing through Chümoukedima
Asian Highway 1 : Tokyo – Chümoukedima – Istanbul
Asian Highway 2 : Denpasar – Chümoukedima - Khosravi
: Dabaka (Assam) – Chümoukedima – Jessami (Manipur)
Rail
Chümoukedima is connected with the Chümoukedima Shokhuvi Railway Station located south-west from the city center. The Dimapur Railway Station is located north from Chümoukedima.
Education
Universities and Colleges
Mount Mary College
National Institute of Technology
Patkai Christian College
The following are major Universities and Colleges located in the Chümoukedima Metropolitan Area:
ICFAI University
St. Joseph University
Tetso College
Schools
North Town Higher Secondary School
St. Joseph Higher Secondary School
Charis High Academy
Godwin Higher Secondary School
Notable residents
S. C. Jamir, Politician
Neiphiu Rio, Politician
Zhaleo Rio, Politician
Chekrovolü Swüro, Sportsperson
See also
Dimapur
References
External links
Official site
Official website
Cities and towns in Chümoukedima district
Chümoukedima district |
4013258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borgo%20Val%20di%20Taro | Borgo Val di Taro | Borgo Val di Taro, usually referred to as Borgotaro, (Parmigiano: ; locally ) is a town and comune in Emilia, Italy, in the Province of Parma, from the city of Parma.
Borgo Val di Taro is an important centre for cattle husbandry in Emilia and it is one of the zones where Parmigiano-Reggiano is produced.
The area is well known for its Boletus edulis (porcini) mushrooms, and several boletes that grow there have IGP (English: PGI) status.
James Gandolfini Sr., father of Italian-American actor James Gandolfini Jr., was born in Borgo Val di Taro.
Main sights
Not far from the town is the small church of S. Antonio del Viennese, a 13th-century structure in brick. The city hall (palazzo comunale), in the Lombard Gothic style, is a work of the 14th century.
Tourism and gastronomic tours are important factors of the modern economy. The town is a member of the Cittaslow (slow city) movement.
Frazioni
Banca, Barca, Barzana di Sotto, Baselica, Belforte, Bissaio, Boceto, Bozzi, Brattesini, Brunelli, Ca' Valesi, Cafaraccia, Capitelli, Caprendino, Case Maroni, Case Scodellino, Case Vighen, Casembola, Casoni, Cavanna, Cianica, Corriago, Costadasi, Frasso, Galla, Ghiare, Giacopazzi, Grifola, Il Mulino, Il Poggio, Laghina, Lavacchielli, Le Spiagge, Magrano, Meda, Monticelli, Ostia Parmense, Poggio, Pontolo, Porcigatone, Pozzo, Roccamurata, Rovinaglia, San Martino, San Pietro, San Vincenzo, Testanello, Tiedoli, Tombone, Valdena, Valleto
International relations
Twin towns — sister cities
Borgo Val di Taro is twinned with:
References
Official site
Cittaslow |
4013259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20William%20Hayter | Stanley William Hayter | Stanley William Hayter (27 December 1901 – 4 May 1988) was an English painter and printmaker associated in the 1930s with surrealism and from 1940 onward with abstract expressionism. Regarded as one of the most significant printmakers of the 20th century, in 1927 Hayter founded the legendary Atelier 17 studio in Paris. Since his death in 1988, it has been known as Atelier Contrepoint. Among the artists who frequented the atelier were Pablo Picasso, Alberto Giacometti, Joan Miró, Alexander Calder, Marc Chagall, Nemesio Antúnez, Jackson Pollock, Mark Rothko, Wassily Kandinsky, Mauricio Lasansky, K.R.H. Sonderborg, Flora Blanc and Catherine Yarrow.
He is noted for his innovative work in the development of viscosity printing (a process that exploits varying viscosities of oil-based inks to lay three or more colours on a single intaglio plate).
Hayter was equally active as a painter, "Hayter, working always with maximum flexibility in painting, drawing, engraving, collage and low relief has invented some of the most central and significant images of this century before most of the other artists of his generation", wrote Bryan Robertson.
Early life and education
Hayter was born in Hackney, London, on 27 December 1901, the son of painter William Harry Hayter. He received a degree in chemistry and geology from King's College London and worked in Abadan, Iran for the Anglo-Persian Oil Company from 1922 to 1925. After Hayter returned home to convalesce from an attack of malaria, his company arranged a one-man show at their headquarters in London of the paintings and drawings he had made while overseas. The exhibition's success (almost all the paintings sold) may have convinced Hayter to pursue a career as an artist.
Career
Paris
In 1926, Hayter went to Paris, where he studied briefly at the Académie Julian. That same year, he met Polish printmaker Józef Hecht, who introduced Hayter to copper engraving using the traditional burin technique. Hecht helped Hayter acquire a press for starting a printmaking studio for artists young and old, experienced and inexperienced, to work together in exploring the engraving medium. In 1927, Hayter opened the studio, and in 1933 he moved it to No. 17, rue Campagne-Première, where it became internationally known as Atelier 17.
Hayter worked with many contemporary artists to encourage their exploration of printmaking as a medium. Artists such as Miró, Picasso and Kandinsky collaborated on creating print editions (Fraternité and Solidarité) to raise funds for the support of the Republican cause in the Spanish Civil war.
New York City
At the outbreak of World War II, Hayter moved Atelier 17 to New York City and taught printmaking at the New School. Artists such as Jackson Pollock, Mauricio Lasansky and Mark Rothko made prints at the New York Atelier 17. During the war, Hayter collaborated with British artist, historian and poet Roland Penrose and others in setting up a commercial camouflage business: the Industrial Camouflage Research Unit. He also first produced finished prints with the method he called "simultaneous color printing," where colour was added to inked intaglio plates by means such as colour-ink-soaked rags, stencils, or rolling a thicker, more viscous ink over a thinner ink, where the thicker ink is rejected and adheres only to the surface surrounding the first ink.
Hayter acted as advisor to the Museum of Modern Art for the show Britain at War. In connection with the exhibition, he devised an analogue computer to duplicate the angle of the sun and shadow lengths for any time, day and latitude.
Paris
Returning to Paris in 1950, Hayter took Atelier 17 with him. Hayter was a prolific printmaker, completing more than 400 works in the medium before his death. In 1949 his book, New Ways of Gravure, was published by Pantheon Books, INC. NY. Oxford University Press published About Prints in 1962.
His students included Carmen Gracia.
Hayter continued to develop painting alongside printmaking. His interest in automatism led him to associate with the Surrealists, and in the United States he was an innovator in the Abstract Expressionism movement. His legacy in printmaking, which came to dominate its instruction in the American academy, was a vigorous opposition to preparatory drawings and retroussage or hand-wiping with whiting, and endorsement of strong plate tone and improvisation.
In 2005 the Tate Archive acquired Hayter's papers.
Personal life
Hayter was married three times: to Edith Fletcher (dissolved 1929), to American sculptor Helen Phillips (dissolved 1971), and to Désirée Moorhead, with whom he lived in Paris at the time of his death in 1988. He had three sons: Patrick (who died young) from his first marriage, and Augy and Julian Hayter from his second marriage to Helen Phillips. Augy, an actor, writer and translator, died in 2004. Julian, a composer, musician and photographer, died in 2007.
Honours
1951 – Appointed an Officer of the Order of the British Empire (OBE)
1951 – Awarded, by the French government, the Légion d'honneur.
1958 – Chosen as representative artist for Great Britain, at the Venice Biennale.
1967 – Appointed a Chevalier des Arts et des Lettres of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
1968 – Advanced to Commander of the Order of the British Empire. (CBE)
1972 – Received the Grand Prix des Arts de la Ville de Paris.
1978 – Elected Foreign Member of the American Academy of Arts and Science.
1982 – Elected Honorary Foreign Member of the Royal Academy.
1983 – Awarded a Doctorate of Fine Arts of the New School of Social Research, New York and Honorary Doctorate of Hamline University, Minnesota.
1986 – Promoted to Commandeur in the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres.
References
Further reading
Peter Black and Désirée Moorhead, The Prints of Stanley William Hayter: A Complete Catalogue (Mount Kisco, NY: Moyer Bell, 1992)
S. W. Hayter, New Ways Of Gravure (1966)
Carla Esposito, "Hayter e l'Atelier 17" (Milan: Electa, 1990)
Pierre-François Albert et François Albert, "Hayter – The paintings" (Gourcuff Gradenigo, 2011)
External links
Atelier Contrepoint, Website
"Stanley William Hayter", Government Art Collection, Department for Culture, Media and Sport
"Stanley William Hayter", Tate Gallery
Portrait of Stanley William Hayter by Braun-Vega (1983).
1901 births
1988 deaths
20th-century English painters
English male painters
English printmakers
Modern printmakers
English engravers
Alumni of King's College London
Anglo-Persian Oil Company
BP people
Chevaliers of the Ordre des Arts et des Lettres
Camoufleurs
People from Hackney Central
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Alumni of the Académie Julian
20th-century British printmakers
Atelier 17 alumni
Honorary Members of the Royal Academy
20th-century English male artists |
4013261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Henry | Boris Henry | Boris Obergföll ( Henry; born 14 December 1973) is a retired German track and field athlete who competed in the javelin throw. He won a bronze medal in the World Championships twice (1995 and 2003). His personal best throw was 90.44 metres, set in July 1997. This ranks him fifth among German javelin (new implement) throwers, behind Johannes Vetter, Thomas Röhler, Raymond Hecht and Andreas Hofmann.
He also competed in the javelin throw at the 1996 Summer Olympics (fifth place) and the 2000 Summer Olympics (seventh place). He was entered into the 2004 Summer Olympics but did not start the competition and retired thereafter.
He represented SV Saar 05 Saarbrücken and was trained by Klaus Bartonietz. He is tall and weighed while he was competing. He is married to Christina Obergföll, whose surname he adopted upon marriage.
International competitions
IAAF Golden League
Bislett Games: 2002
Memorial Van Damme: 2002, 2003
ISTAF: 2002
National titles
German Athletics Championships
Javelin throw: 1995, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2004
Seasonal bests
1989 – 58.20
1990 – 65.86
1991 – 74.78
1992 – 77.34
1993 – 84.12
1994 – 82.02
1995 – 88.46
1996 – 88.00
1997 – 90.44
1998 – 89.21
1999 – 88.62
2000 – 86.65
2001 – 86.53
2002 – 86.67
2003 – 88.10
2004 – 86.86
2006 – 68.89
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
People from Völklingen
German male javelin throwers
German national athletics champions
Olympic athletes of Germany
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Germany
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games
Sportspeople from Saarland |
4013262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homogentisic%20acid | Homogentisic acid | Homogentisic acid (2,5-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid) is a phenolic acid usually found in Arbutus unedo (strawberry-tree) honey. It is also present in the bacterial plant pathogen Xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli as well as in the yeast Yarrowia lipolytica where it is associated with the production of brown pigments. It is oxidatively dimerised to form hipposudoric acid, one of the main constituents of the 'blood sweat' of hippopotamuses.
It is less commonly known as melanic acid, the name chosen by William Prout.
Human pathology
Accumulation of excess homogentisic acid and its oxide, named alkapton, is a result of the failure of the enzyme homogentisic acid 1,2-dioxygenase (typically due to a mutation) in the degradative pathway of tyrosine, consequently associated with alkaptonuria.
Intermediate
It is an intermediate in the catabolism of aromatic amino acids such as phenylalanine and tyrosine.
4-Hydroxyphenylpyruvate (produced by transamination of tyrosine) is acted upon by the enzyme 4-hydroxyphenylpyruvate dioxygenase to yield homogentisate. If active and present, the enzyme homogentisate 1,2-dioxygenase further degrades homogentisic acid to yield 4-maleylacetoacetic acid.
References
Hydroquinones
Acetic acids
Hydroxy acids |
4013268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buzdar%20%28tribe%29 | Buzdar (tribe) | Buzdar () is a clan of Baloch tribe Rind, living in Balochistan, Sindh and Punjab provinces of Pakistan.
They mostly live in Koh Suleiman.
Buzdar people also live in Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Iran, UAE and Afghanistan.
The population of Buzdar tribe 900,000 people. Sardar Usman Buzdar is current Tumandar of Buzdar tribe.
History
Buzdar is a clan of Rind tribe, and usually associated with the mountainous districts of the frontier near Dera Ghazi Khan. They are also to be found in Zhob, Thal-Chotiali and Las Bela, while the majority of the population live in the Punjab province. They are usually ranchers, and the name Bozdar is probably derived from Buz, the Persian name for goat.
Within the limits of their mountainous home, on the outer spurs of the Sulaiman Mountains, they have always been a martial tribe,they fight with Pakistan military
mustering about 2700 fighting men, and they were formerly constantly feuding with the neighboring Ustarana and Sherani tribes.
In 1857, their raids into the Punjab drew upon them a punitive expedition under Brigadier-General Sir N. B. Chamberlain. The Sangarh pass was captured and the Buzdars submitted.
Notable people
Sardar Fateh Buzdar, former member of Punjab Assembly
Sardar Usman Buzdar, Former Chief Minister of Punjab
See also
Dhaghano Bozdar
References
Social groups of Pakistan
Sindhi tribes
Baloch tribes |
4013280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salto%20Grande%20Bridge | Salto Grande Bridge | The Salto Grande Bridge is a road and railroad bridge that crosses the Uruguay River and joins Argentina and Uruguay. It is built on top of the Salto Grande Dam. The bridge runs between Concordia, Entre Ríos Province, Argentina, and Salto, Salto Department, Uruguay.
References
EntreRiosTotal.com.ar (touristic website)
Represa Salto Grande (Salto Grande Dam) from the Spanish Wikipedia
See also
Libertador General San Martín Bridge
General Artigas Bridge
Cellulose plant conflict between Argentina and Uruguay
Bridges in Argentina
Bridges in Uruguay
Buildings and structures in Entre Ríos Province
Buildings and structures in Salto Department
International bridges
Argentina–Uruguay border crossings
Bridges over the Uruguay River |
4013284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%20Steps%20from%20the%20Move | Two Steps from the Move | Two Steps from the Move is the fifth studio album by the Finnish rock band Hanoi Rocks, released in 1984. This is their last album to feature drummer Razzle, before he was killed in a car accident on 8 December 1984.
Album information
Before this album, all of Hanoi Rocks' albums were released on Lick Records and Johanna Kustannus, but this was the band's first album on a major label, CBS. Originally the album was supposed to be called Silver Missiles And Nightingales, but the name was changed at the last minute. Andy McCoy and Nasty Suicide later used the name as the name of their album, when they worked under the moniker "The Suicide Twins".
The album's producer, Bob Ezrin had previously worked with big-name artists like Pink Floyd, Kiss and Alice Cooper, which was one of the main reasons Hanoi Rocks' wanted him to produce the album. Ezrin wanted the album to have a heavier atmosphere and darker guitar playing than the band's previous efforts, still keeping it melodic and punky, and he also worked on the writing of almost every song on the album. Ezrin knew that a more hard rock-style would sell more units in the United States.
The album also features some of Hanoi Rocks' biggest hits, like "Up Around The Bend", "Underwater World", "Boulevard of Broken Dreams", "Million Miles Away" and "Don't You Ever Leave Me". A music video was also made for "Up Around The Bend", which received much airplay on MTV and it still remains one of the most expensive rock-music videos. A music video was also made for "Don't You Ever Leave Me", but the song differs from the album version as it's shorter, has a different guitar-solo and only features Razzle's spoken words in the middle. There was also supposed to be a title-track, but according to Razzle it was replaced with "Up Around the Bend". The song was later released on The Best of Hanoi Rocks compilation, and appears as a bonus track on this albums reissue.
Two Steps from the Move was Hanoi Rocks' biggest hit when it was released, reaching number 28 on the UK Album Charts and the singles "Up Around The Bend" and "Don't You Ever Leave Me" also rose up the singles charts. The album also gave Hanoi Rocks their first gold record in Finland, but not until 1986 after the group had already disbanded. Still, Two Steps from the Move is often considered as a glam rock/hard rock classic.
While touring to promote the album, Hanoi Rocks rose to fame in Japan even more and had two sold-out concerts in New York City. Following drummer Razzle's death, the group canceled their concert dates and eventually broke up, while on the verge of an international breakthrough.
The line "Welcome to the Jungle" featured in the song "Underwater World" arguably inspired the long time Hanoi Rocks-admirer Axl Rose to write the eponymous song for Guns N' Roses, due to its similar tone and similar use of fifths (power chords).
The song "Futurama" was later covered by the band Bang Tango.
Song information
Andy McCoy's comments on the songs from a 1984 issue of Suosikki.
"Up Around the Bend"
"Nasse (Nasty Suicide) liked it. Then one time at rehearsals we were jamming and I remembered it from Nasse's tape. We played it and it sounded fucking good. We figured, let's play it in the set. After a few gigs, we decided that we want it on an LP. The recordings for the album were already over, but I called Bob and he came over to London, where we recorded the song."
"High School"
"Or like 'Quit High School', like it was originally called. We figured it was a little boring. What do you do? Quit high school just to queue in unemployment line. I didn't like it. It's about this dude, who thinks "why the hell should I sit in school and study, because the system is a piece of shit". There are some funny lines in that song. "I tell the little buggers what to wear, I show them how to set and dye their hair. There will be no costumes at our swimming pool. There will be no ugly girls in my high school". It's a fun song."
"I Can't Get It"
"It had mine and Ian Hunter's lyrics originally. But in the end Bob looked through it and re-did the whole song. I put some stuff into the song that anybody can relate to. It has good ground, because it's one of the facts of life. There's always things you can't have. But I figured it also has a kind of humorous side to it. Laughter through tears. It's kinda bitter sweet."
"Underwater World"
"What could I say about it? It's a cool song, it swings. I don't want to say anything about the lyrics. Everybody can have their own interpretation."
"Don't You Ever Leave Me"
"Well yeah, we fucked up that song so bad back then, that we had to remake it now. As a song, I think it's fucking great and this version is what the original should have been. I think, that we might release it as a single later."
"Million Miles Away"
"At first it was a love song to Anna (McCoy's then girlfriend), but it built stuff on top of it, - all of my love songs have been made with Anna in mind - but like I said, it's grown from the original version. The song has gotten to flow in development, and doesn't feel so personal anymore."
"Boulevard of Broken Dreams"
"The song is about junk (drugs). Used to take 'em back in the day. It's about the illusions, with which it all starts, but eventually it leads to broken dreams, when you notice where using them has taken you."
"Boiler"
"I really dig London's cockney pub-culture and "Boiler" is a pub-song like that. I wanted to capture that feeling that's in pubs. I like that song a fucking lot. The more I play it, the more it seems to fit."
"Futurama"
"It's a good old sweaty booger."
"Cutting Corners"
"Everyday life. We take shortcuts in everything. You get off easier, like in school when you cheat on a test by writing the answers on your hand. The same system continues through your life."
Track listing
Personnel
Hanoi Rocks
Michael Monroe – lead vocals, saxophone
Andy McCoy – lead guitar, vocals
Nasty Suicide – guitars, vocals
Sam Yaffa – bass, vocals
Razzle – drums, vocals
Additional personnel
Bob Ezrin - keyboards, percussion, vocals
Jeni, Lisa, Juliet and Michelle - cheerleaders (possibly backing vocals)
Production
Producer: Bob Ezrin
Production co-ordinator: Jo Murray
Equipment manager: Timo Kaltio
Guitar technician: Kevin Bell
Rhythm tracks recorded by: Jay Messina, Tom Swift & Ringo Hrycyna
Vocals, guitars and rest recorded by: Rod O'Brien, Lenny DeRose and Ringo Hrycyna
Remixed by Bob Ezrin, Rod O'Brien, Lenny DeRose & Ringo Hrycyna
"Up Around the Bend" recorded and remixed by David Tickle
Chart positions
Album
Singles
References
Hanoi Rocks albums
1984 albums
Albums produced by Bob Ezrin
CBS Records albums |
4013294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth%20Burghs%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 | Perth Burghs (UK Parliament constituency) | Perth Burghs was a district of burghs constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of Great Britain (at Westminster) from 1708 to 1801 and of the Parliament of the United Kingdom (also at Westminster) from 1801 until 1832, representing a seat for one Member of Parliament (MP)
Creation
The British parliamentary constituency was created in 1708 following the Acts of Union, 1707 and replaced the former Parliament of Scotland burgh constituencies of Perth, Cupar, Dundee, Forfar and St Andrews
Boundaries
The constituency covered five burghs: Perth in the county of Perth, Cupar and St Andrews in the county of Fife, and Dundee and Forfar in the county of Forfar.
History
The constituency elected one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system until the seat was abolished for the 1832 general election.
For the 1832 general election, as a result of the Representation of the People (Scotland) Act 1832, the burgh of Perth was merged into the new Perth burgh constituency, the burghs of Cupar and St Andrews were merged into the Fife county constituency, the burgh of Dundee was merged into new Dundee burgh constituency, and the burgh of Forfar was merged into the new Montrose Burghs constituency.
Members of Parliament
Election results
The electoral system for this constituency gave each of the five burghs one vote, with an additional casting vote (to break ties) for the burgh where the election was held. The place of election rotated amongst the burghs in successive Parliaments. The vote of a burgh was exercised by a burgh commissioner, who was elected by the burgh councillors.
The normal order of rotation for this district was Perth, Dundee, St Andrews, Cupar and Forfar. However the Court of Session had the power to suspend the participation of a burgh, as a punishment for corruption, which could disrupt the rotation if the normal returning burgh was not able to participate.
At the time of the disputed elections in 1830 and 1831, Dundee was not able to take part in the voting. Although Dundee was not the returning burgh for the 1830-31 Parliament, its absence made the elections less certain and encouraged wrongdoing by candidates.
The reference to some candidates as Non Partisan does not, necessarily, mean that they did not have a party allegiance. It means that the sources consulted did not specify a party allegiance. The sources used were Stooks Smith as well as Namier and Brooke (see the References section for further details).
Elections in the 18th century
Elections in the 1710s
Elections in the 1720s
This election resulted in a double return of both candidates. The House of Commons seated Erskine.
Elections in the 1730s
Elections in the 1740s
December 1743: Death of Drummond
Notes
References
History of Parliament: House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and James Brooke (Sidgwick & Jackson 1964)
The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844–50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
Historic parliamentary constituencies in Scotland (Westminster)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1708
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1832 |
4013299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claudia%20Losch | Claudia Losch | Claudia Losch (born 10 January 1960) is a retired German shot putter. She is the 1984 Olympic Champion. Shortly after the Olympics, she competed in the 100 metres at the Friendship Games in Prague, which were held as an event for sportspeople from Communist countries who were boycotting that year's Olympics: she was unable to repeat her Olympic medal success there. At the 1988 Olympic Games, she finished fifth. She is also the 1989 World Indoor Champion and won the European Indoor title three times.
Losch won the German indoor championship in the shot put in 1983, 1984, 1987, 1988, and 1989. She won the German championship from 1982 through 1990, nine times in a row.
International competitions
References
External links
1960 births
Living people
People from Herne, North Rhine-Westphalia
Sportspeople from North Rhine-Westphalia
West German female shot putters
German female shot putters
Olympic athletes of West Germany
Olympic gold medalists for West Germany
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for West Germany
World Athletics Championships athletes for Germany
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade silver medalists for West Germany
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
World Athletics Indoor Championships winners
Medalists at the 1983 Summer Universiade |
4013306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovica%20Albertoni | Ludovica Albertoni | Ludovica Albertoni (1473 - 31 January 1533) was an Italian Roman Catholic noblewoman from the Renaissance period and a professed member of the Third Order of Saint Francis. The death of her husband prompted her to dedicate her life to the service of the poor in Rome and she was also known for her ecstatic experiences. Gian Lorenzo Bernini created a sculpture dedicated to her which is contained in San Francesco a Ripa where Albertoni's remains are placed.
Her fame for holiness became widespread in Rome and devotion to her remained intense after her death which prompted Pope Clement X to approve her beatification in 1671.
Life
Ludovica Albertoni was born in 1473 in Rome to the prominent nobles Stefano Albertoni and Lucretia Tebaldi. Her father died around 1475 and she was entrusted to the care of her paternal aunts who saw to it that she had a Christian education.
Her parents had arranged her betrothal and in obedience she married the nobleman Giacomo della Cetera in 1494. The couple moved to Trastevere where they raised three daughters, but it was a turbulent marriage since her husband possessed a sharp and often unpleasant temperament. However, she remained docile in her faith and steadfast while believing in her husband's love for her despite his coldness. In May 1506 he died after a long illness leaving her widowed with her three children. Difficulties arose when her brother-in-law Domenico did not respect her rights regarding her inheritance. Albertoni fought him in court and won with her late spouse's assets for her and their daughters.
Not long after this loss she joined the Third Order of Saint Francis at the San Francesco a Ripa church in Trastevere. She spent her fortune and her health caring for the poor. Albertoni became renowned for her religious ecstasies (including levitation) and became known as a miracle worker. In 1527 she tended to the poor during the Sack of Rome and for her efforts at alleviating the suffering became known as the "mother of the poor".
In December 1532 news spread that her health was worsening and Albertoni died not long after from a fever on 31 January 1533; her final words were those of Christ's last words on the Cross. Her remains were interred in the Saint Anne chapel at San Francesco a Ripa as was her wish. On 17 January 1674 her remains were relocated to a grand altar in the same church that Gian Lorenzo Bernini had constructed.
Legacy
On 13 October 1606 the senate in Rome decreed the date of her death to be observed like a memorial and in 1625 the Roman authorities named her as a patroness for Rome while making her date of death akin to a liturgical feast.
Beatification
On 28 January 1671 her beatification received approval from Pope Clement X who voiced approval for her longstanding and popular "cultus" (otherwise known as an enduring public veneration). The pope signed the decree at the Basilica di Santa Maria Maggiore. Her liturgical feast is affixed to the date of her death as is the norm.
Bernini sculpture
Albertoni is best commemorated through Gian Lorenzo Bernini's sculpture entitled Beata Ludovica Albertoni which is housed in the Altieri chapel in the San Francesco a Ripa church in Rome. The recumbent statue captures Albertoni in her death throes and depicts her as suffering but also in the light of her religious ecstasies as she awaits her union with God.
References
Other sources
(Original work published 1965)
External links
Hagiography Circle
Web Gallery of Art
1473 births
1533 deaths
16th-century Italian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
15th-century Italian women
Burials at San Francesco a Ripa
Franciscan beatified people
Italian beatified people
Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis
Nobility from Rome
Wonderworkers |
4013308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Eppelstun | Greg Eppelstun | Greg Eppelstun (born 16 November 1966) is a former Australian rules footballer in the VFL/AFL.
Footscray career
Debuting with the Footscray Football Club in 1986, he was a reliable defender from Won Wron Woodside who went on to play 102 games (for 1 goal), and represented Victoria in State of Origin football in 1991.
North Melbourne career
After only playing one game for Footscray midway through the 1992 season, in which he earned a Brownlow Medal vote as the third best player on the ground, Eppelstun was dropped back to the reserves for the remainder of the season. He then transferred to the North Melbourne Football Club for the 1993 season. He played the opening round of the 1993 AFL season for North, making his debut together with future North Melbourne coach Dean Laidley and 300-game player John Blakey. He injured his groin during the match and was replaced the next week by future 300 game player, Glenn Archer. He struggled with injury throughout the rest of the year and retired at the end of the season without playing another AFL game.
References
External links
1966 births
Living people
North Melbourne Football Club players
Western Bulldogs players
Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia)
Victorian State of Origin players |
4013311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korsv%C3%A4gen | Korsvägen | Korsvägen (literary ”the cross road”) is a public square and transport hub in the events district of Gothenburg, Sweden. Many important event venues and visitor attractions are located on or near Korsvägen, including the Swedish Exhibition and Congress Centre and Gothia Towers hotel, the Universeum science centre, the Museum of World Culture, Scandinavium and the amusement park Liseberg.
Major infrastructure work was carried out during the 1990s. Korsvägen is the hub of popular culture and events in Gothenburg in the same way as Götaplatsen is the cultural hub.
Squares in Gothenburg |
4013332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spokil | Spokil | Spokil is a constructed language created by the Frenchman Adolphe Nicolas.
During the 1880s, the most popular international auxiliary language was undeniably Volapük. However, after a brief period of overwhelming success, rivalry on the part of the more practical and less complicated Esperanto (published in 1887) led to a rapid decline of the Volapük movement. Many who had previously supported Volapük switched to the Esperanto camp, while others tried their best to improve or reform Volapük itself. Partially due to the inflexible attitude of Johann Martin Schleyer, the creator of Volapük, himself, this led to several schisms in the Volapük movement. As a result, a number of so-called "Volapükids" emerged, most notably Idiom Neutral, first published in 1902, and Spokil.
Spokil was created by Adolphe Charles Antoine Marie Nicolas (1833-?), a French ship's doctor from La Bourboule. A former partisan of Volapük, he started working on Spokil in 1890 (though some sources mention 1887 instead). In 1904, he published a book about it: Spokil. Language internationale. Grammaire, exercise, les deux dictionnaires. At a conference in Paris, held in June 1907, Nicolas was allowed to defend his language in person; among the other languages discussed at the conference were Parla, Bolak (La Langue Bleue), Idiom Neutral, and Esperanto. At the same meeting, Ido was first presented. Spokil never gained much support, however, and nowadays is largely forgotten.
Like Volapük, Spokil is most often qualified as an a priori/a posteriori hybrid. Some authors, including Nicolas himself, consider it a purely a priori language.
Phonology
Consonants
Vowels
Text samples
The Lord's Prayer:
Mael nio, kui vai o les zeal;
Aepseno lezai tio mita.
Veze lezai tio tsaeleda.
Feleno lezai tio bela,
uti o zeal itu o geol.
Demai da ni itu ebilai da gelenelas nio.
E no apidai ni o fismena.
Stu nibai ni le sfail.
Amen.
The numbers 1-10:
ba, ge, di, vo, mu, fa, te, ki, po, nu.
References
Further reading
Nicolas, Adolphe Charles Antoine Marie, Spokil. Langue internationale. Grammaire, exercises, les deux dictionnaires. Paris: Maloine, 1904 (272+ p.)
External links
A website about Spokil
International auxiliary languages
Constructed languages introduced in the 1880s
1887 introductions
Constructed languages |
4013335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DBIT | DBIT | DBIT may refer to:
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bangalore
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai
Dev Bhoomi Institute of Technology, Dehradun |
4013337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Systematic%20reconnaissance%20flight | Systematic reconnaissance flight | Systematic Reconnaissance Flight (SRF) is a scientific method in wildlife survey for assessing the distribution and abundance of wild animals. It is widely used in Africa, Australia and North America for assessment of plains and woodland wildlife and other species.
The method involves systematic or random flight lines (transects) over the target area at a constant height above ground, with at least one observer recording wildlife in a calibrated strip on at least one side of the aircraft.
The method has been often criticised for low accuracy and precision, but is considered to be the best option for relatively inexpensive coverage of large game areas.
References
Surveying
Wildlife |
4013343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomson%20Medical%20Centre | Thomson Medical Centre | Thomson Medical Centre Limited (Abbreviation: TMC) is a 190-bed private hospital located at Thomson Road in Singapore. The hospital specialises in gynaecology and in vitro fertilisation (IVF). Thomson Medical Centre runs a 24-hour outpatient family clinic, as well as a range of specialist clinics.
History
Thomson Medical Centre began operations in 1979. The founder, Dr Cheng Wei Chen, an Obstetrics & Gynaecology specialist, aimed to “make delivery an enjoyable experience for women” through his hospital.
The hospital was built on the grounds of Dr Cheng's wife's family bungalow and on a neighbouring parcel of land that used to house Yamaha Music School. Construction of the hospital took place over nine months in 1978, in collaboration with his brother and architect, William Cheng, while Dr Cheng still operated his practice from a small plot on-site.
When Thomson Medical Centre became operational in 1979, they were the only private niche hospital for women and children in Singapore, specialising in obstetrics, gynaecology and paediatrics.
The hospital expanded in the late 90s to include more clinics and other facilities.
In 2010 Thomson Medical Centre was bought by billionaire Peter Lim for around $400 million.
Customer-Centric Initiative
The staff of Thomson Medical Centre are also known as Thomson Angels and are recognised for being “cheerful, responsive and attentive.” In 2008, Thomson Medical Centre embarked on the Customer-Centric Initiative (CCI) which was spearheaded by SPRING Singapore. The medical centre topped the CCI rankings in the healthcare industry and achieved a 93% patient satisfaction level in 2009.
Baby Tagging Solution
In 2013, Thomson Medical Centre introduced the Baby Tagging Solution developed by Cadi Scientific, to ensure that newborns are correctly matched with their mothers. With this system, a mother and her baby are fitted with pre-matched tags upon their arrival at the maternity ward and when the baby is brought to his or her mother, the mother's tag will automatically verify if the baby is the correct one. If the tags do not match, a red light will flash on the mother's tag instead. The General Manager of Thomson Medical Centre, Mrs Mega Shuen, shared that the health and safety of their patients are their top priority.
Parentcraft Centre
Pre-birth care and parent coaching services are accessible through the Thomson Parentcraft Centre, where expectant mothers can learn to prepare for their experience during pregnancy and after delivery.
In-vitro fertilisation (IVF)
Thomson Medical Centre is the first private hospital in Singapore to set up an In-vitro fertilisation clinic on its premises. In 1988, the hospital delivered Singapore's first IVF triplets. In the same year, the Thomson Fertility Clinic was set up. As of 2009, more than 5,000 couples have been treated for fertility and over 900 IVF babies have been born at their clinic.
In 1989, Thomson Medical Centre delivered Asia's first set of surviving IVF quadruplets, delivered by Dr Cheng. The Tan quadruplets are born on Mother's Day and consist of three girls and a boy. Since 1990, fertility specialists have capped the number of implanted embryos at three, making the Tan quadruplets one of the last IVF quadruplets in Singapore.
In 1990, the hospital produced its first frozen embryo baby.
In 2000, they were the world's first fertility clinic to produce twins from frozen eggs and frozen sperm.
Business Operations
Thomson Medical Centre was listed on the SGX-SESDAQ board in 2005, becoming the fourth healthcare services provider listed on SGX, after Parkway Holdings, Raffles Medical Group and Health Management International. Thomson Medical Centre however was acquired by investor Peter Lim and subsequently delisted on 24 January 2011.
The centre offers a range of maternity and baby items.
Milestones
IVF mix-up
In 2010, an IVF mix-up produced a baby with a different father's sperm. Thomson Medical were fined the maximum S$20,000 for failing to ensure suitable assisted reproduction practices were followed, as well as being banned from new IVF for 8 months. After a long-running case, in March 2017 the mother of the child was awarded 30% of the costs of bringing up the child, with whom she does not share a 'genetic affinity'.
See also
List of hospitals in Singapore
Singapore
International healthcare accreditation
Medical tourism
References
External links
Thomson Medical Centre Website
1979 establishments in Singapore
Companies formerly listed on the Singapore Exchange
Hospitals in Singapore
Novena, Singapore
Hospitals established in 1979 |
4013358 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stewart%20McKenny | Stewart McKenny | Stewart McKenny is an Australian comic book artist, who has been described as "one of Australia's most prolifically published comic book artists".
Career
McKenny has worked on Star Wars comics, including Star Wars: Clone Wars Adventures, as well as working with Eddie Campbell on Captain America. He is currently working for DC on the new children's title, Super Friends.
McKenny’s British small press work includes contributions to FutureQuake. His cover for FutureQuake #6 was featured in a full-page reprint in the Judge Dredd Megazine (Feb 2006). In Australia, he has contributed to Zero Assassin, Tango Quattro, Pop Culture & Two Minute Noodles, Rex Hellwig and The Watch.
Bibliography
Comics work includes:
Rex Hellwig #1 (Black Cat Comics, 2000)
Star Wars: Clone Wars Adventures (Dark Horse Comics):
"Heroes on Both Sides" (with Chris Avellone, in Clone Wars Adventures Volume 5, 2005)
"The Drop" (with Mike Kennedy, in Clone Wars Adventures Volume 6, 2006)
"Spy Girls" (with Ryan Kaufman, in Clone Wars Adventures Volume 7, 2007)
"Graduation Day" (with Chris Avellone, in Clone Wars Adventures Volume 10, 2007)
"Being Boba Fett" (with Jason Hall, in Star Wars Tales 18, 2003)
Captain America: "Requiem" #27-28 (inks, with writer Robert Morales and pencils by Eddie Campbell, Marvel Comics, 2004)
The Watch: Casus Belli (Phosphorescent Comics, 2005)
"Strip!" (with James MacKay, in FutureQuake #4, May 2005)
"Triumph of the Will" (with writers Edward Berridge/Richmond Clements and graytones by Andy Finlayson, FutureQuake #6, May 2007)
Super Friends #3, 5, 8, 12, 17, 21, 23, 26 and 29 (with writer Sholly Fisch and inks by Phillip Moy / Dan Davis, DC Comics, 2008–2010)
Notes
References
Stewart McKenny at Dark Horse
Australian comics artists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
4013372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lukka%20lands | Lukka lands | The term Lukka lands (sometimes Luqqa lands), in Hittite language texts from the 2nd millennium BC, is a collective term for states formed by the Lukka people in south-west Anatolia. The Lukka were never subjugated long-term by the Hittites, who generally viewed them as hostile. It is commonly accepted that the Bronze Age toponym Lukka is cognate with the Lycia of classical antiquity (8th century BC to 5th century AD).
There are two somewhat different hypotheses with regard to the extent of the Lukka lands. The maximalist hypothesis is upheld by Trevor Bryce, who discusses the occurrences of Lukka in Bronze Age texts. "From these texts we can conclude the Lukka, or Lukka lands, referred to regions extending from the western end of Pamphylia, through Lycaonia, Pisidia and Lycia". The minimalist hypothesis is upheld by Ilya Yakubovich, who concludes based on the analysis of textual evidence: "[W]e have positive philological arguments for the presence of Bronze Age Lukka settlements in classical Lycia, but not anywhere else in Asia Minor or beyond it." Properly, this region may refer to the more southern and open area of the Teke Peninsula bound by a small chain of mountains running from Babadağ to Tahtalı Dağı as described by Strabo; confer the plains of Lycaonia for the semantics related to open territory (especially when juxtaposed or bound by mountains). Etymologically then the Lukka lands could be derived ultimately from the reconstructed term in Proto-Indo-European language 'lowk-ó-s' (“open space”).
Soldiers from the Lukka lands fought on the Hittite side in the famous Battle of Kadesh (c. 1274 BC) against the Egyptian Pharaoh Ramesses II. A century later, the Lukka had turned against the Hittites. The Hittite king Suppiluliuma II tried in vain to defeat the Lukka. They contributed to the collapse of the Hittite Empire.
The Lukka are also known from texts in Ancient Egypt as one of the tribes of the Sea Peoples, who invaded Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean in the 12th century BC.
See also
Ancient regions of Anatolia
Arzawa
Assuwa
Notes
External links
Maps of Lycia
The Lukka, at "Sea Peoples and the Philistines on the Web"
Prehistoric Anatolia
Lycia
Hittite Empire
Sea Peoples |
4013373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2%2C2-Dimethylbutane | 2,2-Dimethylbutane | 2,2-Dimethylbutane, trivially known as neohexane, is an organic compound with formula C6H14 or (H3C-)3-C-CH2-CH3. It is therefore an alkane, indeed the most compact and branched of the hexane isomers — the only one with a quaternary carbon and a butane (C4) backbone.
Synthesis
2,2-Dimethylbutane can be synthesised by the hydroisomerisation of 2,3-dimethylbutane using an acid catalyst.
It can also be synthesised by isomerization of n-pentane in the presence of a catalyst containing combinations of one or more of palladium, platinum, rhodium and rhenium on a matrix of zeolite, alumina, silicon dioxide or other materials. Such reactions create a mixture of final products including isopentane, n-hexane, 3-methylpentane, 2-methylpentane, 2,3-dimethylbutane and 2,2-dimethylbutane. Since the composition of the final mixture is temperature dependant the desired final component can be obtained choice of catalyst and by combinations of temperature control and distillations.
Uses
Neohexane is used as an additive in fuels and in the manufacture of agricultural chemicals. It is also used in a number of commercial, automobile and home maintenance products, such as adhesives, electronic contact cleaners and upholstery polish sprays.
In laboratory settings, it is commonly used as a probe molecule in techniques which study the active sites of metal catalysts. Such catalysts are used in hydrogen-deuterium exchange, hydrogenolysis, and isomerization reactions. It is well suited to this purpose as 2,2-dimethylbutane contains both an isobutyl and an ethyl group.
See also
Methylbutane (isopentane)
2-Methylpentane (isohexane)
References
Alkanes |
4013387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haytor | Haytor | Haytor, also known as Haytor Rocks, Hay Tor, or occasionally Hey Tor, is a granite tor on the eastern edge of Dartmoor in the English county of Devon.
Location
The tor is at grid reference , near the village of Haytor Vale in the parish of Ilsington. There is an electoral ward with the same name. The population at the 2011 census is 2,862.
History
Idetordoune (1566), Ittor Doune (1687), Idetor (1737), Eator Down (1762) and Itterdown (1789) are a few recorded examples of earlier names by which Haytor was known. The name Haytor is of comparatively recent origin, and is probably a corruption of its old name and that of the Haytor Hundred, which covered the coastal area between the River Teign and River Dart, itself now considered to have been named after a lost village located somewhere between Totnes and Newton Abbot.
In the 19th century steps were made to allow pedestrians up to the top of the tor and a metal handrail fixed to allow tourists easier access to the summit. This was not entirely welcomed and in 1851, a Dr Croker complained about the rock steps that had been cut "to enable the enervated and pinguedinous scions of humanity of this wonderful nineteenth century to gain the summit". The handrail was removed in the 1960s due to it rusting: the stumps of the uprights are still embedded in the rock.
In 1953, Haytor was used as a major location for the feature film Knights of the Round Table starring Robert Taylor and Ava Gardner. An "elaborate and impressive castle" was built between the two main rock piles of the tor and traditional medieval sports, including jousting, were staged here for the film.
The whole of Haytor Down was sold to the newly formed Dartmoor National Park Authority in 1974.
Geology
Haytor has the form of a typical "avenue" tor, where the granite between the two main outcrops has been eroded away. Its characteristic shape is a notable landmark visible on the skyline from many places in south Devon between Exeter and Totnes. The majority of the tor consists of coarse-grained granite, but at the base of the western outcrop is a layer of finer-grained granite which has eroded more than the rock above, leaving a pronounced overhang (a rock shelter) of two or three feet in places.
Haytorite, a variety of quartz found in an iron mine adjacent to the Hay Tor granite quarries, was named “in honour of its birth-place”.
Quarrying
The granite below the tor has fewer large feldspar crystals than at the tor itself, and this was preferred for building. There are several quarries on the northern slopes of Haytor down which were worked intermittently between 1820 and 1919. Between 1820 and 1858 the rock from these quarries was transported by the Haytor Granite Tramway to the Stover Canal. The tramway itself was built out of the granite it would carry, and due to its durable nature much of it remains visible today.
Haytor granite was used in the reconstruction of London Bridge which opened in 1831 and was moved in 1970 to Lake Havasu City in Arizona. The last rock quarried here in 1919 was used for the Exeter war memorial.
Today
Haytor rocks and quarries are protected from development and disturbance as a Site of Special Scientific Interest. The area is considered a natural beauty spot and is arguably Dartmoor's most famous landmark, visited by coach parties and walking groups. It is accessible by road and at a height of right on the eastern side of the moor, it provides views of the coastline, the Teign Estuary and the rolling countryside between, with the ridge of Haldon behind. In 2013, Simon Jenkins rated the view from Haytor as one of the top ten in England.
The smaller, western outcrop is sometimes known as "Lowman". Rock climbers make use of both outcrops; each has routes of varying difficulty.
The road that passes below the tor hosted a summit finish on Stage 6 of the 2013 Tour of Britain, and the climb was again used for the finish of the sixth stage of the 2016 Tour of Britain.
References
Sources
External links
Dartmoor Archive - Hay Tor Images
Tors of Dartmoor
Dartmoor |
4013394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mengold%20of%20Huy | Mengold of Huy | Saint Meingold (Mengold, Meingaud) (died 892) is said to have been count of Huy, who was murdered by his opponents in 892. It is possible that the holy Meingold was a different person confused with the count, with both having been killed in the same year.
His feast day is 8 February.
External links
8 February saints on Saint Patrick's Church
Meingold on Patron Saints Index
Meingold on Nominis
Bibliography
Philippe George : Les Miracles de saint Mengold de Huy. Témoignage privilégié d'un culte à la fin du XIIe siècle, dans Bulletin de la Commission royale d'Histoire, vol.152 (1986), pp.25-47.
Year of birth unknown
892 deaths
9th-century Christian saints
People from Huy |
4013395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Killinkere | Killinkere | Killinkere () is a civil and ecclesiastical parish of County Cavan in the Republic of Ireland. It is located between the towns of Virginia and Bailieborough.
Civil parish
Killinkere gave its name to an Irish civil parish and was located mainly in the barony of Castlerahan, but partly in the barony of Upper Loughtee, all in County Cavan in the Province of Ulster. The Civil Parish of Killinkere was used for local taxation and was shown on the nineteenth century Ordnance Survey of Ireland maps. For poor law purposes the Civil Parish was replaced by District Electoral Divisions in the mid-nineteenth century. According to the 1851 census the Civil Parish had a total of 49 townlands.
Ecclesiastical parishes
Church of Ireland parish
Killinkere Parish Church, Beagh Glebe, Killinkere, was built in 1817. It is the oldest of the churches in the Virginia Group of Parishes in the Church of Ireland Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh. The other churches in the group are Lurgan Parish Church in Virginia (built 1821), Munterconnaught Parish Church (built 1831), and Billis Church (built 1844). The four churches were amalgamated under one incumbency in 1972.
Roman Catholic parish
The Roman Catholic Parish of Killinkere has two places of worship. They are two of a number churches in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Kilmore.
St Ultan's Church, Corratinner, Killinkere, has the oldest history. The original church was in the townland of Gallon, about from the present church, and was part of a monastic settlement, dating from the 14th to the 16th century. The site was abandoned sometime between 1590 and 1641. During the penal times, Killinkere had no Roman Catholic place of worship. In 1790, a mud-thatched hut was erected in Killinkere, and in 1829 work on the present church began, which was completed by Christmas Day 1829. There have been a number of notable renovations in the interior during the 1920s, the 1960s and the 1990s.
St Mary's Church, Clanaphilip, Termon, Killinkere, was shown as a ruin on a map in 1690. It was replaced a number of times, first as a mud wall church at Termon Cross in 1785, then a thatched building in 1810, and a barn-type church in 1870. Work on the present church began in 1973 and was blessed and opened in 1974. It incorporates the bell, baptismal font, the 1810 date-stone and the altar bell from the earlier buildings. The church was re-roofed and extensively renovated in 1992.
Townlands
The parish of Killinkere has a total of and made up of the following 49 townlands:
Assan,
Beagh Glebe,
Billis,
Burnew,
Cargagh,
Carnagarve,
Carnalynch,
Carrickeeshill,
Carrickgorman,
Carricknamaddoo,
Carricknaveagh,
Cleffin,
Coolnacola,
Corradooa,
Corraneden,
Corratinner,
Derryhum,
Drumagolan,
Drumederglass,
Drumfomina,
Drummallaght,
Drutamy,
Fartadreen,
Finternagh,
Gallon,
Galloncurra,
Gola,
Greaghadoo,
Greaghadossan,
Greaghclaugh,
Greaghduff,
Greaghnacunnia,
Greaghnafarna,
Invyarroge,
Killyduff,
Kilmore,
Lateaster,
Lismagiril,
Lisnabantry,
Lissacapple,
Lissanymore,
Lurgananure,
Lurganaveele,
Moylett,
Pottleduff,
Stramaquerty,
Termon,
Tievenaman,
Togher,
Notes
The parents of US Civil War general Philip Sheridan came from Killinkere.
References
External links
Killinkere Parish Townland Map
Civil parishes of County Cavan
Diocese of Kilmore, Elphin and Ardagh
Roman Catholic Diocese of Kilmore |
4013399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Woodroffe | Patrick Woodroffe | Patrick James Woodroffe (27 October 1940 – 10 May 2014) was an English artist, etcher and drawer, specialised in fantasy science-fiction artwork, with images that bordered on the surreal. His achievements include several collaborations with well-known musicians, two bronze sculptures displayed in Switzerland and numerous books.
Chronology
Woodroffe was born in Halifax, West Yorkshire, in 1940, the son of an electrical engineer.
In 1964 he graduated in French and German at the University of Leeds, before going on to exhibit his first showing of pen and ink drawings, Conflict, at the Institute of Contemporary Arts in London. However he did not become a full-time artist until 1972, the year in which he gave an exhibit of his paintings, etchings and related works at the Covent Garden Gallery in London.
His career took off when he was asked to produce approximately 90 book cover paintings between 1973 and 1976 for Corgi, including Peter Valentine Timlett's The Seedbearers (1975) and Roger Zelazny's Nine Princes in Amber (1974). During this early period he was also commissioned to provide art for record album cover sleeves, including heavy metal band Judas Priest's album Sad Wings of Destiny (1976). This was followed by an exhibition of book-jacket and record-sleeve paintings in 1976, which appeared at Mel Calman's Workshop Gallery in London. That year the children's book Micky's New Home was published with illustrations by Woodroffe. In 1978 he mounted an exhibition of more than two hundred works at the historic Piece Hall in Halifax.
In 1979, Woodroffe then went on to create illustrations for The Pentateuch of the Cosmogony: The Birth and Death of a World (later shortened to 'The Pentateuch'), a joint project the symphonic rock musician Dave Greenslade. The Pentateuch purports to be the first five chapters of an alien Book of Genesis. The album consisted of two-discs by Greenslade, and a 47-page book of Woodroffe's illustrations. The record sold over 50,000 copies between 1979 and 1984. The illustrations were shown at the World Science Fiction Convention, at Brighton's Metropole Hotel in 1979. In 1976, his illustrated book The Adventures of Tinker the Hole Eating Duck was published by Dragon's World.
In 1983 he created an album sleeve for the rock band Pallas, as well as related logos for merchandise. The same year saw Woodroffe creating art (including representations of a Snark - a subject traditionally taboo for an artist to do) for composer Mike Batt's 1984 musical adaptation of Lewis Carroll's poem The Hunting of the Snark. The 1980s also saw another Patrick Woodroffe exhibition, Catching the Myth, at Folkestone's Metropole Arts Centre (1986), which featured 122 pieces selected from twenty years of work. In 1989 he prepared for conceptual art used in the film The NeverEnding Story II.
Through the 1990s and 2000s he continued to work on numerous other projects including a sculpture at Gruyeres Castle in Switzerland, based on his earlier picture The Vicious Circle (1979). The project is designed to show war as a closed circle of absurd, self-destructive futility. He continued to hold exhibitions, his latest work including a recent exhibition at Sainte Barbe, in Switzerland.
He resided with his family in Cornwall, where he had lived since 1964.
Pallas have released a statement in response to the news of Woodroffe's death, saying "We have some very sad news from the family of Patrick Woodroffe: 'After a short illness, Patrick died before 3am in the early hours of Saturday morning.' Our thoughts are with his family. We are honoured to have been associated with his amazing artwork." He had succumbed to a long illness on 10 May 2014.
Technique
His work has included drawings, copper etching, painting and sculpture.
Woodroffe has developed a variety of resourceful techniques to produce natural-media artwork over the years, including a method for colouring etchings and Indian ink drawings using oil paint. The method requires applying a barrier layer of liquin to the drawing or etching. This layer must be allowed to dry thoroughly before the oil colour is applied in thin glazes.
Tomographs
Woodroffe's work also includes Tomographs (not to be confused with the medical scan - according to his book A Closer Look Woodroffe believed he had 'invented' the word in the seventies from the Greek words for 'cut' and 'drawing', until he found out about the medical usage). These are photographs that combine actual objects with cut-outs of his paintings (for example in one Tomograph Patrick is seen 'feeding' a cut-out picture of an anthropomorphic bird peanuts from his hand).
The picture on the front of his project The Forget-me-not-Gardener is a Tomograph.
Selected works
Musical sleeve art
Strawbs, Burning for You (1977)
Beethoven, Emperor Concerto (1974)
Ross, RSO Records (1974)
Greenslade, Time and Tide (1975)
Greenslade, Greenslade 2 (1975) - preliminary artwork only, the album was never recorded.
Budgie, Bandolier (1975) - a take on Planet of the Apes with horse riders with budgie heads
Judas Priest, Sad Wings of Destiny (1976)
Dave Greenslade, The Pentateuch of the Cosmogony (1979)
Pallas, The Sentinel (1983)
Mike Batt, The Hunting of the Snark (1984)
Stratovarius. Fright Night (1989)
The sleeves from the first copies of the following albums were replaced because of unauthorized use of Patrick Woodroffe's artwork.
DJ Tiësto, Magik One: First Flight (1997)
DJ Tiësto, Magik Two: Story of the Fall (1997)
DJ Tiësto, Magik Three: Far from Earth (1998)
DJ Tiësto, Magik Four: A New Adventure (1999)
Sculptures
Le Bouclier de Mars (1993), Gruyeres Castle
Le Bouclier de Vénus (1996), Gruyeres Castle
Film
The NeverEnding Story II: The Next Chapter conceptual art (1988–89)
Art projects
Mythopœikon (Dragon's World, 1977), a collection of Woodroffe's work from 1965 to 1976 (the title is his own coinage, meaning myth-making images)
The Pentateuch of the Cosmogony (1978/9), art work to accompany Dave Greenslade's album of the same name. This was originally published in an LP-sized hardcover book, with the vinyl records inside the covers.
Pallas: The Sentinel (1983), art work for Pallas's album of the same name, merchandise, logos and follow up work
Hunting of the Snark (1983/4), art work and models to accompany Mike Batt's musical version of Lewis Carroll's famous nonsense poem
Hallelujah Anyway (Paper Tiger, 1984), a collection of original art (including many tomographs) and poetry.
During the summer 1984 Woodroffe produced a series of pictures of farmyard life and farm animals.
The Forget-Me-Not-Gardener (2005), a recent collection of art
Books
As well as providing cover-art for numerous authors, Woodroffe has also produced books on his art techniques (such as A Closer Look at the art and techniques of Patrick Woodroffe, 1986) and Mythopoeikon, published by Paper Tiger Books (1976)().
References
Woodroffe, Patrick (1986), 1986 A Closer Look (at the art and techniques of Patrick Woodroffe) Published by Paper Tiger
External links
Patrick Woodroffe's web page, containing information on his art, life, exhibitions past and present and art projects.
Obituary in The West Briton
Obituary in The Independent by Marcus Williamson
1940 births
British speculative fiction artists
20th-century English painters
English male painters
21st-century English painters
Fantasy artists
2014 deaths
Alumni of the University of Leeds
Science fiction artists
20th-century English male artists
21st-century English male artists |
4013401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Crit%C3%A9rium%20du%20Dauphin%C3%A9%20Lib%C3%A9r%C3%A9 | 2005 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré | The 2005 Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré was the 57th edition of the Critérium du Dauphiné Libéré cycle race and was held from 5 June to 12 June 2005. The race started in Aix-les-Bains and finished in Sallanches. The race was won by Spanish rider Íñigo Landaluze, who has given positive in a doping test but whose case is still under dispute.
Teams
Twenty-one teams entered the race:
Route
Stages
Prologue
5 June 2005 — Aix-les-Bains, , individual time trial (ITT)
Stage 1
6 June 2005 — Aix-les-Bains to Givors,
Stage 2
7 June 2005 — Givors to Chauffailles,
Stage 3
8 June 2005 — Roanne to Roanne, , individual time trial (ITT)
Stage 4
9 June 2005 — Tournon-sur-Rhône to Mont Ventoux,
Stage 5
10 June 2005 — Vaison-la-Romaine to Grenoble,
Stage 6
11 June 2005 — Albertville to Morzine-Avoriaz,
Stage 7
12 June 2005 — Morzine-Avoriaz to Sallanches,
Classification leadership table
References
Further reading
External links
2005
Criterium du Dauphine
2005 in French sport
June 2005 sports events in Europe |
4013405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Lavant | Roman Catholic Diocese of Lavant | The Diocese of Lavant(tal) () was a suffragan bishopric of the Archdiocese of Salzburg, established 1228 in the Lavant Valley of Carinthia.
In 1859 the episcopal see was re-assigned to Maribor (Marburg an der Drau) in present-day Slovenia, while the Carinthian parishes passed to the Diocese of Gurk. The Roman Catholic Diocese of Maribor (Marburg, in Slovenia) was later separated from the Salzburg ecclesiastical province and became a suffragan of the Archbishop of Ljubljana on 5 March 1962, with which the title of Bishop of Lavant was united. On 7 April 2006 the diocese was elevated to the Archdiocese of Maribor.
While the bishops of Lavant bore the title of prince-bishops (German:Fürstbischof), this was purely honorary and they never became full-fledged prince-bishops with secular power over a self-ruling prince-bishopric (Hochstift), unlike the majority of the bishops in the Holy Roman Empire. They only exercised pastoral authority over their diocese like other ordinary bishops and for that reason, they did not have seat and vote in the Imperial Diet.
History
The original seat of the bishopric lay in the eastern part of Carinthia in the valley of the Lavant River. It was here, in the parish of Sankt Andrä, that Archbishop Eberhard II of Salzburg had established, on 20 August 1212, with the consent of Pope Innocent III and Holy Roman Emperor Frederick II, a collegiate chapter, the regular canons of which followed the Rule of St. Augustine; its members were chosen from the cathedral chapter of Salzburg. On account of the great remoteness and the difficulty of travelling, the Salzburg Archbishop, about the year 1223, asked Pope Honorius III to allow him to found a bishopric at Sankt Andrä. After the pope had had the archbishop's request examined by commissioners, and had given his consent, Eberhard drew up the deed of foundation, on 10 May 1228, wherein he secured the possession of the episcopal chair for himself and his successors in perpetuity. He named as first suffragan bishop his court chaplain Ulrich (died 1257), who had formerly been priest of Haus im Ennstal, in the Duchy of Styria.
In the deed of foundation of the new bishopric, no exact boundaries were defined. In a deed of Archbishop Frederick II of Salzburg of 1280, seventeen parishes, situated partly in Carinthia and partly in Styria, were described as belonging to Lavant; the extent of the diocese was rather small, but the bishops also attended to the office of vicar-general (diocesan deputy) of the Archbishops of Salzburg for some scattered districts; they also frequently attended to the office of Vicedominus (bishop's feudal deputy in secular affairs) at Friesach.
The tenth bishop, Dietrich von Wolfsau (1318–32), is mentioned in deeds as the first (honorific) prince-bishop; he was also secretary of the Habsburg duke Frederick the Handsome, and was present at the Battle of Mühldorf in 1322. Since the twenty-second bishop, Theobald Schweinbeck (1446–63), the bishops have borne without intermission the title of Fürst (prince).
The following prominent bishops deserve special mention: the humanist Johann I von Rott (1468–82), died as Prince-Bishop of Breslau; Georg II Agrikola (1570–84), who after 1572 was also at the same time Bishop of Seckau; Georg III Stobäus von Palmburg (1584–1618), a worthy promotor of the Counter-Reformation; Maximilian Gandolph Freiherr von Kienburg (1654–65), did much towards increasing the financial resources of the diocese.
By the new regulations under Holy Roman Emperor Joseph II, several territories were added to the Diocese of Lavant. Prince-Archbishop Michael Brigido of Laibach in 1788 ceded a number of parishes in the southern part of what is now the Diocese of Lavant the Diocese of Gurk; and the district of Völkermarkt, which was afterwards again detached, was added to the bishopric at that time.
The extent of the diocese was changed by the circumscription of 1 June 1859. The valley of the Lavant and the district of Völkermarkt in Carinthia fell to the Diocese of Gurk; in consequence of which the District of Marburg was transferred from Seckau to Lavant; since then the diocese comprises the whole of southern Styria. By the decree of the Congregation of the Consistory of 20 May 1857, the see of the bishop was removed from St. Andrä to Marburg; the parish church of St. John the Baptist in that place being elevated into a cathedral, and the title "of Lavant" being preserved. On 4 September 1859, Bishop Anton Martin Slomšek (1846–62) made his solemn entry into Marburg. His successors, Jakob Maximilian Stepischnegg (1862–89), and Michael Napotnik (since 1889) have shown great zeal for the promotion of the spiritual life by introducing religious orders and founding educational and charitable institutions and clubs. But the most beneficial work done for the religious life of the diocese was that of the diocesan synods, held by Stepischnegg (1883), and by Napotnik, who followed his example (1896, 1900, 1903, and 1906).
The old cathedral chapter, which was composed of the canons of the Augustinian order, was dissolved in 1808, and its property was assigned to the "Religionsfond" founded by Joseph II; in 1825 a new cathedral chapter was provisionally erected, and definitively so in 1847.
The most prominent ecclesiastical buildings in the diocese are: the cathedral and parish church of St. John the Baptist, at Marburg, which was begun in the middle of the twelfth century as a Romanesque basilica, rebuilt after 1520 in the Gothic style, again restored after the fire in 1601, and once more in 1885; the provostship and parish church of St. Georg, at Pettau, erected in the Gothic style about 1314; the abbey and parish church of St. Daniel, at Cilli, dates from the middle of the sixteenth century; and the shrine of St. Maria der Wüste, in the neighbourhood of Marburg (built 1628), in the baroque style.
Present statistics
In 2004, the diocese of Maribor had 704,384 Catholics of 826,229 people (= 85.3% of inhabitants), 311 diocesan and 93 regular priests, 4 permanent deacons, 109 male 134? and 290 female members of religious orders. On April 7, 2006 Pope Benedict XVI elevated the diocese to an archdiocese with the new suffragan dioceses of Celje and Murska Sobota.
List of (prince-)bishops
Suffragan bishops of Lavant
Ulrich von Haus (1228–1257)
Karl von Friesach (1257–1260)
Otto von Mörnstein (1260–1264)
Almerich Grafendorfer (1265–1267)
Herbord (1267–1275)
Gerhard von Ennstal (1275–1285)
Konrad I (1285–1291)
Heinrich von Helfenberg (1291–1299)
Wulfing von Stubenberg (1299–1304)
Werner (1304–1316)
Dietrich Wolfhauer (1317–1332)
Heinrich I Krafft (1332–1338)
Heinrich II von Leis (1338–1342)
Heinrich III (1342–1356)
Peter Kröll von Reichenhall (1357–1363)
Heinrich IV Krapff (1363–1387)
Ortolf von Offenstetten (1387–1391)
Augustin (1389–1391)
Nikolaus von Unhorst (1391–1397)
Konrad II Torer von Törlein (1397–1408)
Ulrich II (1408–1411)
Wolfhard von Ehrenfels (1411–1421)
Friedrich Deys (1421–1423)
Lorenz von Lichtenberg (1424–1432)
Hermann von Gnas (1433–1436)
Lorenz von Lichtenberg (1436–1446)
Suffragan prince-bishops of Lavant
Theobald Schweinpeck (1446–1463)
Rudolf von Rüdesheim (1463–1468)
Johann I von Roth (1468–1483)
Georg I (1483–1486)
Erhard Paumgartner (1487–1508)
Leonhard Peurl (1508–1536)
Philipp I Renner (1536–1555)
Martin Herkules Rettinger von Wiespach (1556–1570)
Georg II Agricola (1570–1584)
Georg III Stobäus von Palmburg (1584–1618)
Leonhard II von Götz (1619–1640)
Albert von Priamis (1640.12.29 – death 1654.09.08)
Max Gandolf von Kuenburg (1654.12.08 – 1665.02.07), later Bishop of Seckau (Austria) (1665.02.07 – 1668.07.30), Metropolitan Archbishop of Salzburg (Austria) ([1668.07.30] 1668.11.12 – 1687.05.03) and Apostolic Administrator of above Seckau (1668.11.12 – 1687.05.03), created Cardinal-Priest but with no Title assigned (1686.09.02 – death 1687.05.03)
Sebastian von Pötting-Persing (1665.04.03 – 1673.09.25), later Bishop of Passau (Bavaria, Germany) ([1673.03.11] 1673.09.25 – death 1689.03.16)
Franz I Kaspar Freiherr von Stadion (1673.10.21 – death 1704.02.13)
Johann II Sigmund (1704.02.22 – 1708.04.01), later Bishop of Chiemsee (1708.04.01 – death 1711.11.18)
Philipp II (1708.04.11 – death 1718.02.14)
Leopold Anton von Firmian (1718.03.11 – 1724.01.17), later Bishop of Seckau (Austria) (1724.01.17 – 1727.12.22), Metropolitan Archbishop of Salzburg (Austria) ([1727.10.04] 1727.12.22 – death 1744.10.22)
Joseph I Oswald von Attems (1724.02.20 – death 1744.05.04)
Virgilius Augustin Maria von Firmian (1744.05.26 – retired 1753.07.15), died 1788
Johann (Baptist) III von Thun-Valsassina, Reichsgraf von Thurn und Taxis (1754.02.04 – death 1762.06.03)
Joseph II Franz Anton von Auersperg (1763.05.08 – 1764.01.04), later Bishop of Gurk (Austria) ([1772.10.18] 1773.01.31 – 1783.05.19), Bishop of Passau (Bavaria, Germany) ([1783.05.19] 1784.06.25 – death 1795.08.21), created Cardinal-Priest but with no Title assigned (1789.03.30 – death 1795.08.21)
Peter II von Thun (? 1772)
Franz II de Paula Xaver Ludwig Jakob, Fürst von Breuner (1773.09.30 – 1777.05.01), later Bishop of Chiemsee (1786.06.15 – death 1797.03.01)
Vinzenz Joseph von Schrattenbach (1777.05.31 – resigned? 1790.01.29 see below)
Gandolf Ernst Graf von Kuenberg (1790.02.20 – death 1793.12.12)
Vinzenz Joseph von Schrattenbach (see above 1795.06.26 – 1800.08.11), later Bishop of Brno (Brünn, Bohemia) ([1800.06.04] 1800.08.11 – death 1816.05.25)
Leopold II Maximilian von Firmian (1800.11.23 – 1822.04.19); previously Titular Bishop of Tiberias (1797.07.24 – 1800.11.23) as Auxiliary Bishop of Passau (Germany) (1797.07.24 – 1800.11.23); later Metropolitan Archbishop of Wien (Vienna, Austria) ([1822.01.25] 1822.04.19 – death 1831.11.29)
Ignaz Franz Zimmermann (1824.05.19 – death 1843.09.28)
Franz Xaver Kuttnar (1843.11.23 – death 1846.03.08)
Anton Martin Slomšek (1846.05.30 – death 1862.09.24)
Suffragan bishops of (Lavant-)Maribor
TO CHECKSuffragan Bishops of Lavant
Blessed Anton Martin Slomšek, Prince-Bishop of Lavant (1846.05.30 – death 1862.09.24)
Jakob Ignaz Maximilian Stepischnegg, Prince-Bishop of Lavant (1862.12.21 – 1889.06.28)
Mihael Napotnik, Prince-Bishop of Lavant (1889.09.27 – death 1922.03.28)
Andrej Karlin, Bishop of Lavant (1923.06.06 – death 1933.03.06), previously Bishop of Koper (Slovenia) (1911.02.06 – 1919.12.15), Bishop of Trieste (Italy) (1911.02.06 – 1919.12.15), Titular Bishop of Themiscyra (1919.12.15 – 1923.06.06)
Ivan Jožef Tomažič, Bishop of Lavant (1933.06.27 – death 1949.02.27), succeeded as previous Auxiliary Bishop of Lavant (1928.06.08 – 1933.06.27) and Titular Bishop of Bargala (1928.06.08 – 1933.06.27)
Maksimilijan Držečnik, Bishop of Lavant (1960.06.15 – 1962.03.05), previously Titular Bishop of Abrittum (1946.09.15 – 1960.06.15) as Auxiliary Bishop of Lavant (1946.09.15 – 1960.06.15) and Apostolic Administrator of Lavant (1949 – 1960.06.15); from 1962 Bishop of Maribor (Slovenia) (1962.03.05 – death 1978.05.13) from 1962.03.05: United with (as title of) Diocese of Maribor)
Suffragan Bishops of Maribor and Bishops of Lavant
BIOs to ELABORATE
Franc Kramberger, Bishop of Maribor (1980–2011), from 2006 Archbishop of Maribor
Archbishops of Maribor and Bishops of Lavant
Marjan Turnšek, Archbishop of Maribor (2011–2013)
Alojzij Cvikl, Archbishop of Maribor (2013–)
See also
List of Catholic dioceses in Austria
Sources and external links
GCatholic, with incumbent bios
Catholic Hierarchy
Maribor
Former Roman Catholic dioceses in Europe |
4013411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frans%C3%A9n%E2%80%93Robinson%20constant | Fransén–Robinson constant | The Fransén–Robinson constant, sometimes denoted F, is the mathematical constant that represents the area between the graph of the reciprocal Gamma function, , and the positive x axis. That is,
Other expressions
The Fransén–Robinson constant has numerical value , and continued fraction representation [2; 1, 4, 4, 1, 18, 5, 1, 3, 4, 1, 5, 3, 6, ...] . The constant is somewhat close to Euler's number This fact can be explained by approximating the integral by a sum:
and this sum is the standard series for e. The difference is
or equivalently
The Fransén–Robinson constant can also be expressed using the Mittag-Leffler function as the limit
It is however unknown whether F can be expressed in closed form in terms of other known constants.
Calculation history
A fair amount of effort has been made to calculate the numerical value of the Fransén–Robinson constant with high accuracy.
The value was computed to 36 decimal places by Herman P. Robinson using 11 point Newton–Cotes quadrature, to 65 digits by A. Fransén using Euler–Maclaurin summation, and to 80 digits by Fransén and S. Wrigge using Taylor series and other methods. William A. Johnson computed 300 digits, and Pascal Sebah was able to compute 600 digits using Clenshaw–Curtis integration.
References
Mathematical constants
Gamma and related functions |
4013414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canford%20Heath | Canford Heath | Canford Heath is a suburb and area of heathland in Poole, Dorset, known for being the largest heathland in Dorset, and the largest lowland heath in the UK. It is also the name of the housing development built on the heathland in the 1960s, 1970s and 1980s. The area is split into two wards, and at the 2011 census the combined population of the two wards was 14,079.
History
Historically, Canford Heath was part of the Canford Estate; in the Domesday Book, the manor of Cheneford was held by Edward of Salisbury. Canford Heath was common land. In 1810, it was subdivided among Poole's Proprietors, in response to the 1805 Enclosure Act, which "enabled the enclosure of over 9000 acres of ‘Common Meadows, Heaths, Waste Lands and Commonable Grounds’".
In the early 20th century, Canford Heath had many different uses. In 1929, a hillclimb event for the "Motorcycle and Light Car Club" was staged here, and during the Second World War, the heath was used as a munitions storage. In 1938, most of the heath burned in a series of large fires.
In 1944, it was suggested that Canford Heath should be "preserved from business development" after the War, although in 1946, a plan was issued by Professor Abercrombie that suggested the use of Canford Heath as a housing development, in preference to building in the New Forest. In 1947, there was another large heath fire.
Building work began on a housing development in 1963 in South Canford Heath, whilst Parkstone and Poole grammar schools were relocated to the edge of the heath in 1962 and 1968 respectively, and the first combined school opened in Canford Heath in 1970. The first supermarket on the Heath was Waitrose, which opened in June 1970 sharing its car park with the also recently opened Fighter Pilot (now The Pilot) public house and Canford Heath United Reformed Church. Waitrose closed in 1982 to be replaced by Kwik Save. The current supermarket at Adastral Square is Iceland.
Housing development began in 1973 in North Canford Heath, and in 1980, International Supermarket and formerly Somerfield (now Asda) became North Canford Heath's first supermarket.and also home to some of the baddest lads in town scotty, Ash, matty, Jamie, Peds to name a few and the crew were notorious when it came to helping old dears with their trolleys
In 1984, planning permission was given for development of all of Canford Heath, providing that the site did not become a Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI). In response, an application was made in 1985 for much of Canford Heath to become a SSSI, due to the rare habitat and wildlife on the heathland. The application was accepted in 1988, although developers were still permitted to build houses on land not in the SSSI. A report by the Conservation Committee of the British Herpetological Society to the House of Lords in 1988 said that "more than half of Canford, our largest single heath, is being built over with most of its reptiles doomed or already lost", and a 1988 New Scientist article claimed that the SSSI boundary had been drawn around planning permission on the heath granted by Bournemouth Council, and that houses could be built as little as 50 metres away from the SSSI, endangering rare reptiles. In 1991, then Secretary of State Michael Heseltine revoked planning consent for development on all of Canford Heath. In 2008, planning permission was given to develop homes on a former landfill site not in the SSSI, but plans were later abandoned. The former landfill site is now being restored to heathland.
In 2006, a heath fire started by arsonists caused around 100 people to be evacuated from their homes, and required around 170 firefighters to put out. Around 34–45 hectares of heathland burned.
In 2015, another fire spread over 2 ha of heathland, and required 70 firefighters; the damage caused could take 15–25 years for the heath to return to its former state.
On 23 April 2022, a large fire broke out on the heath, close to Mannings Heath roundabout. Twenty homes were evacuated, and an area of roughly 16.7 hectares was burnt. Dozens of animals were reported killed, and Dorset Wildlife Trust said that it would take 15 years for the heath to be restored. On 25 April, Dorset & Wiltshire Fire and Rescue Service investigators said that the fire was started deliberately. On 14 May yet another fire broke out on the heath. On 22 May, a third fire broke out. The fire service confirmed that it was once again due to "human intervention".
Heathland
Canford Heath is Dorset's largest heathland, and much of it is a Site of Special Scientific Interest and part of the Dorset Heathlands Special Protection Area. Canford Heath is the largest lowland heath in the United Kingdom, and is home to many rare species, including the smooth snake, sand lizard and Dartford warbler. To maintain the heathland and its wildlife, a 10-year management plan was introduced in 2010. In 2009, an episode of Springwatch was filmed at Canford Heath's Hatchpond.
Geography
Canford Heath has grown its own community life with two public houses (The Haymoor and The Pilot), churches, an ASDA supermarket, five schools and a range of social activities for young people. The Tower Park leisure complex is nearby.
Schools
In September 2013, Poole Council changed its age of transfer, adopting the primary school system in favour of the previous middle school system. As such, all first and middle schools became infant and junior schools. There are two infant schools in Canford Heath (Ad Astra Infant School and Canford Heath Infant School), two junior schools (Haymoor Junior School and Canford Heath Junior School) and two secondary schools (Magna Academy and Poole Grammar School). Poole Grammar School is a selective all-male school. There is also a special educational needs school (Longspee School & Service).
Politics
For the purpose of local elections, Canford Heath consisted of two wards, Canford Heath East and Canford Heath West, each of which elect two councillors. At the 2015 council election, Canford Heath East elected two Liberal Democrat councillors, and Canford Heath West elected two Conservative councillors.
Since 2019, the area has been part of the Canford Heath ward, which elects three councillors to Bournemouth, Christchurch and Poole Council.
Poole's mayor for the civic year 2018–19 was Cllr Sean Gabriel, representing the Canford Heath West Ward.
For the purposes of national elections, since 1997 Canford Heath has been part of the Mid Dorset and North Poole constituency; previously it was part of the Poole constituency. The current MP is Michael Tomlinson, who won the seat in 2015.
References
External links
Canford Heath Community
Canford Heath Neighbourhood Watch
Sites of Special Scientific Interest in Dorset
Areas of Poole
Heaths of the United Kingdom |
4013445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Rugby%20Trophy | Super Rugby Trophy | The Super Rugby Trophy is a sterling silver trophy awarded to the winner of the Super Rugby, a rugby union competition, final. It is a rotating trophy, held only during the offseason and returned to the competition organisers in time for it to be awarded to the next season's champions.
Original trophy
Jens Hansen Gold and Silversmith in Nelson, New Zealand, made the original trophy by hand, and it was first awarded to the Crusaders after winning the 2006 Super 14 Final. The same workshop made the gold ring in Peter Jackson's The Lord of the Rings trilogy. Three different silversmiths constructed the trophy. This required soldering together a number of silver sheets as well as sanding, buffing and polishing. The trophy is 49 cm high and weighs 2.7 kg.
The trophy was unveiled in Wellington for the first time on Tuesday, 7 February 2006. The public was able to view the trophy for the first time on 10 February when the Blues played the Hurricanes in the Super 14's opening match in Auckland. The 2006 Super 14 season was the first season that the trophy was used.
2011 trophy
In 2011, a new trophy was announced that featured the Super 14 logo on a globe, itself on a four-sided twisted spiral. Fraser Holland, the New Zealand Rugby Union sponsorship and marketing manager, oversaw the construction of the trophy. On 30 June 2011, SANZAR unveiled the new trophy which would first be awarded to the winners of the Super Rugby final scheduled for Saturday, 9 July 2011.
The trophy was crafted from solid stainless steel and polished to a mirror finish. It has a height of 65 cm and a mass of 18 kilograms and was designed by the company responsible for the 2000 Olympic Torch, Blue Sky Design of Sydney.
The three curved legs, represent the Conferences involved in the Super Rugby competition, and the colour on each leg corresponds to the Conferences with gold for Australia, black for New Zealand, and green for South Africa.
See also
List of Super Rugby champions
References
External links
XtraMSN article on the Super 14 Trophy
Super Rugby
Rugby union trophies and awards |
4013447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Bolton | Bruce Bolton | Bruce Alfred Bolton (born 31 May 1935, Christchurch, Canterbury) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in two Tests in 1958–59.
Cricket career
Bolton attended Christchurch Boys' High School. A right-handed opening batsman and useful leg-spin bowler, he played for almost 10 years for Canterbury in New Zealand domestic cricket and then, after a year's break, for a further five seasons for Wellington.
Up to 1958, Bolton had an undistinguished batting record in first-class cricket, but in Canterbury's first two matches of the 1958–59 Plunket Shield season he made 79, 29, 74 and 49, top-scoring for Canterbury three times. He was brought into the New Zealand cricket team for the two Tests against the touring England team at the end of the season. In the first match, which New Zealand lost by an innings, Bolton did well, scoring 33 in the first innings, when he was sixth man out after more than three hours at the crease, and 26 in the second innings. In his second Test, he was run out for 0 in a match that was ended after two days because of rain. He did not bowl in either of his two Tests.
Bolton's one first-class century came the following season, with 138 against Northern Districts, when he shared a first-wicket stand of 214 with future Test captain Graham Dowling. His career best bowling came two seasons later, in 1961–62, with 7–23 against Central Districts, in a season when he took only eight wickets in all matches.
For Wellington later in his career he batted further down the order and in 1969–70 he captained the side.
References
External links
Bruce Bolton at Cricket Archive
Bruce Bolton at Cricinfo
1935 births
Living people
People educated at Christchurch Boys' High School
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Wellington cricketers
South Island cricketers |
4013450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Sparling | John Sparling | John Trevor Sparling (born 24 July 1938) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in 11 Test matches between 1958 and 1964.
Domestic career
A stocky, fair-haired, off-spinning all-rounder, Sparling was educated at Auckland Grammar School. Coached in Auckland by Jim Laker, he broke into the Auckland team at the age of 18. He continued to play for Auckland until 1970–71. He captained Auckland through most of the 1960s, leading the team to two Plunket Shield titles.
His most successful season with the bat was 1959–60, when he made 705 runs at an average of 37.10. In the Plunket Shield match against Canterbury that season he scored 105 and 51 and took 7 for 98 and 2 for 13.
His most successful season with the ball was 1964–65, when he took 38 wickets at an average of 15.50. His career-best figures that year, 7 for 49 for Auckland against Otago, took Auckland to a narrow victory.
International career
Sparling was the youngest member of the New Zealand cricket team that toured England in 1958. On a tour where New Zealand were badly outclassed and in a summer where the weather was almost uniformly dismal, Sparling was one of the few players to emerge with an enhanced reputation. Wisden called him the player with "undoubtedly most promise" and wrote: "A natural cricketer, he should come to the fore with so many years ahead of him."
In fact, Sparling's figures for the tour were fairly modest: 513 runs at an average of less than 18 runs per innings and 38 wickets at just over 20 runs a wicket. He played in the last three of the five Tests and his 50 at Old Trafford on his 20th birthday was one of only three 50s scored by the Test side all summer. His stand of 61 for the seventh wicket with Eric Petrie in this match was the highest stand for New Zealand in the whole series.
Predictions of an illustrious Test career were, however, wide of the mark. Sparling played twice against the touring English side in 1958–59, three times on the New Zealand tour of South Africa in 1961–62, once against England in New Zealand in 1962–63 and twice in the home series against South Africa in 1963–64. In none of these matches did Sparling reach 50 as a batsman and in none of them did he take more than one wicket in an innings. He played in all four of the matches New Zealand played against the visiting Australian team in 1959–60, scoring two fifties and taking six wickets, but they were not Test matches. Sparling was unavailable for the tour of India, Pakistan and England in 1965, and the selectors turned to the younger spin-bowling all-rounders Bryan Yuile, Vic Pollard and Ross Morgan.
At Auckland in the New Zealand v England Test match in February 1963, Sparling bowled an 11-ball over when the umpire, Dick Shortt, lost count of the number of balls Sparling had bowled.
References
External links
"Last Over with Erin: John Sparling" from the New Zealand Cricket Museum
1938 births
Living people
People educated at Auckland Grammar School
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Auckland cricketers
People from Mount Eden
North Island cricketers |
4013456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juventius%20of%20Pavia | Juventius of Pavia | Saint Iuventius (or Iuvence) was a bishop of Pavia during the 1st century. Together with Syrus of Pavia he was sent there by Saint Hermagoras. Both Iuventius and Syrus are reported to have been the first bishop of Pavia.
Iuventius has two feast days, 8 February alone and 12 September together with Syrus.
External links
8 february and 12 september at Dominican Martyrology
1st-century Italian bishops
Bishops of Pavia
1st-century Christian saints |
4013457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Tour%20de%20Suisse | 2005 Tour de Suisse | The 2005 Tour de Suisse was the 69th edition of the Tour de Suisse road cycling stage race and was held from 11 June to 19 June 2005. The race started in Schaffhausen and finished in Ulrichen. Australian Michael Rogers was not able to defend his lead on the last day against Aitor González's attack.
Teams
Twenty teams of eight riders started the race:
Route
Stages
Stage 1
11 June 2005 - Schaffhausen to Weinfelden,
Stage 2
12 June 2005 - Weinfelden, (ITT)
Stage 3
13 June 2005 - Abtwil/Säntiskpark to St Anton am Arlberg,
Stage 4
14 June 2005 - Vaduz to Bad Zurzach,
Stage 5
15 June 2005 - Bad Zurzach to Altdorf,
Stage 6
16 June 2005 - Bürglen to Arosa,
Stage 7
17 June 2005 - Einsiedeln to Lenk,
Stage 8
18 June 2005 - Lenk to Verbier,
Stage 9
19 June 2005 - Ulrichen,
Final standings
General classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Sprint classification
Team classification
References
External links
Race website
2005
Tour de Suisse
Tour de Suisse |
4013458 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norrie%20MacLaren | Norrie MacLaren | Norman Aengus Maclaren (born 6 May 1948) is a Scottish Highlands-based television and film producer , fashion photographer, scriptwriter, artist, and environmentalist (and Highland gardener). Maclaren was born and raised in Scotland and is the son of David and Lady Edith Maclaren and grandson of Edith Abney-Hastings, 12th Countess of Loudoun.
Maclaren has been involved in photography, editing and/or art direction for many British publications, such as Harpers & Queen, Deluxe and Boulevard. Maclaren's fashion photography was acquired by the British Council, (together with other works by Cecil Beaton, Terence Donovan, Helmut Newton, et al.) for a round the world touring exhibition titled 'Look At Me'. He has collaborated with Punk Design Team Rocking Russian by contributing photography, directing pop promos and designing record sleeves. Since Channel 4 began he has produced many arts, lifestyle, investigative documentaries and youth programmes, most notably, via his company Tartan Television, the ground breaking gardening series Dig, the working title co-production Get a Grip on Sex, and the invention of Video Diaries .
External links
Peerage
Fashion photography
1948 births
Living people
Scottish magazine editors
Scottish documentary filmmakers
Scottish photographers
Scottish screenwriters
Scottish film producers
Scottish artists |
4013459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Harris%20%28cricketer%29 | Roger Harris (cricketer) | Roger Meredith Harris (born 27 July 1933 in Ōtāhuhu, Auckland) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in two Tests in 1959.
Career
A right-handed opening batsman and occasional medium pace bowler, Harris played for Auckland from 1955–56 to 1973–74. In the 1958–59 Plunket Shield season, he made 329 runs at an average of 36.55. He was selected to open the batting against England in the two Tests at the end of the season, he and his opening partner Bruce Bolton both making their Test debuts. He was not successful, scoring 31 runs in the two matches, and played no further Tests.
In first-class cricket, his top score was 157 for Auckland against Northern Districts in 1969–70. He and Graham Gedye opened the batting together in several hundred games for Papatoetoe Cricket Club and for Auckland in the Plunket Shield, and continued the partnership playing lawn bowls together for 30 more years.
See also
List of Auckland representative cricketers
References
External links
1933 births
Living people
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Auckland cricketers
North Island cricketers
Cricketers from Auckland |
4013462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Those%20Wasted%20Years | All Those Wasted Years | All Those Wasted Years is the first live album by the Finnish rock band Hanoi Rocks, released in 1984. In initial pressing of this album's name was misspelled as "All Those Waisted Years", while correct spelling has been used with later releases of this album, but the original release with the misspelled title is very rare. The album was recorded in December 1983 at The Marquee Club in London, about a year before the death of Hanoi Rocks' drummer Razzle. The live engineer was Mick Staplehurst, the longtime FOH Engineer for Hanoi Rocks.
A video of the same shows recorded for the album was released at the same time, but with a different track listing. For example, the video featured a cover of the Ramones song "Blitzkrieg Bop" (which had Razzle on vocals and Michael Monroe on drums). The video is also missing the songs "Visitor", "11th Street Kids" and "Lost in the City"
Track listing
Personnel
Hanoi Rocks
Michael Monroe – lead vocals, saxophone, harmonica
Andy McCoy – guitars, vocals
Nasty Suicide – guitars, vocals
Sam Yaffa – bass, vocals
Razzle – drums, vocals
Chart positions
Album
References
Hanoi Rocks albums
1984 live albums
Live albums recorded at The Marquee Club |
4013472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Barton | Paul Barton | Paul Thomas Barton (born 9 October 1935) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in seven Tests from 1961 to 1963.
Domestic career
A batsman who usually came in at number three or four, Barton played his provincial cricket for Wellington from 1954–55 to 1967–68. His highest score was 118 against Auckland in 1960–61.
International career
He made Test debut on tour against South Africa in Durban with a fine half century. His other Test innings of note came in the final game of the same series, when he made 109 in Port Elizabeth, a "composed, correct and polished" innings of four and a half hours that was the only century in a match that New Zealand won by 40 runs to square the series. This promising first series, 240 runs at 30.00, cemented his place in the Test team against England in 1962-63 but he made only 45 runs in the three Tests and was not selected again.
References
External links
Interview with Paul Barton about his cricket career
1935 births
Living people
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Wellington cricketers |
4013476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3%20Dev%20Adam | 3 Dev Adam | (translated as Three Giant Men, sometimes El Santo Y Capitan America Contra Spiderman; Üç Dev Adam) is a 1973 Turkish cult superhero film, directed by T. Fikret Uçak and written by Doğan Tamer based on the characters created by Steve Ditko, Jack Kirby, Stan Lee, Joe Simon and Rodolfo Guzmán Huerta, featuring Aytekin Akkaya as Captain America and Yavuz Selekman as Santo called to Istanbul on a special mission to stop the villainous Spider-Man and his criminal gang. The film, which went on nationwide general release across the country on , was completely unauthorized by the copyright owners of the characters depicted. The film was popular and thus spawned other rip-offs of other major Hollywood productions.
Plot
The story takes place in Istanbul, where a violent criminal organization led by Spider-Man (actually simply referred to as "Spider" during most of the film) surfaces in the city with counterfeit United States dollars. They also mutilate a woman's face via a boat propeller. A small task-force consisting of Captain America, Santo and Captain America's girlfriend, Julia arrives to help local police stop Spider-Man and his gang.
Julia, who has infiltrated Spider-Man's hideout, is captured and taken to a house in a remote location. She manages to send an SOS signal to the Captain. Captain America saves Julia and chases after Spider-Man, who manages to escape.
Meanwhile, Mexico's national superhero/wrestler, Santo, infiltrates the dojo that is used as a front for counterfeiting. After being captured, he manages to escape along with incriminating evidence.
Captain and Santo raid a very important hideout where most of the counterfeiting operation is taking place. They manage to shut down the hideout while Spider-Man kills a couple, steals a statue and runs away.
Soon afterwards, another fight between heroes and Spider-Man begins. It is revealed that Spider-Man is able to spawn duplicates of himself when killed, as one Spider-Man is beaten to a pulp by Santo and another is strangled to death by Captain America.
Captain America and Santo then go undercover in a nightclub. Spider-Man's gang notice them and a fight occurs. The heroes are seemingly overpowered this time and are taken to Spider-Man's hideout. Once there Captain America and Santo act like they are fighting themselves to confuse their captors but manage to break out and eliminate most of the gang members. Spider-Man arrives at the end of the fight with his girlfriend, only to have her struck by a wild shot from the gun of one of his henchmen. He flees, with Captain America in hot pursuit.
Captain America catches Spider-Man and defeats him, only to hear the taunting laugh of yet another Spider-Man. The fight continues until each Spider-Man is dead.
As the heroes are about to leave Istanbul, Captain America sees what appears to be Spider-Man sitting in the back of a taxi and furiously runs to the taxi, grabs the person and immediately removes his mask only to realize that it was just a young boy wearing a red wrestling mask.
Cast
Yavuz Selekman as Santo. The primary difference between this version of El Santo and the original is that the character in the film wears a wrestling mask only briefly, whereas the real-life Santo was never seen in public without one. Santo was famous during the '60s, and he was very well known in Turkey.
Aytekin Akkaya as Captain America. He doesn't have his shield and his mask lacks the wings on the side of his head.
Tevfik Şen as Spider-Man. He is depicted as a villain, with none of his abilities from the comics. His only superpower here is the ability to make clones of himself. He is simply referred to as "Spider" during most of the film. He is mentioned as Spider-Man only once in the film by Altan Günbay's character.
Doğan Tamer as Inspector Orhan
Deniz Erkanat as Julia Captain America's girlfriend and superhero partner.
Mine Sun as Nadya. Spider-Man's girlfriend and partner in crime.
Altan Günbay as Nightclub Owner
Ersun Kazançel as Bartender
Osman Han as Bouncer
Ali Ekdal as Commissioner
Nilgün Ceylan as Janet
İhsan Baysal as Bouncer
Mehmet Yağmur as Spider-Man's henchman
Reception
See also
Dünyayı Kurtaran Adam – a Turkish film known to use ripoff footage, most notably from Star Wars
References
External links
Review of film with screenshots and clips
Review of movie at I-Mockery (contains significant plot detail)
1973 films
Turkish films
1970s Turkish-language films
Turkish superhero films
1970s rediscovered films
1970s superhero films
1970s vigilante films
Spider-Man fan films
Captain America films
Films set in Turkey
Turkish action films
Films about cloning
Turkish vigilante films
Cultural depictions of El Santo
Turkish films about revenge
Unofficial film adaptations |
4013482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Giro%20di%20Lombardia | 2005 Giro di Lombardia | The 2005 Giro di Lombardia was the 99th edition of the cycling classic held on 15 October 2005, with Paolo Bettini winning the race.
General Standings
15 October 2005: Mendrisio - Como,
References
External links
Race website
2005
Giro di Lombardia
Giro di Lombardia
Giro di Lombardia
October 2005 sports events in Europe |
4013484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yahk | Yahk | Yahk is an unincorporated hamlet in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, just north of the Canada-U.S. border. Yahk Provincial Park borders the village to the south. Yahk is located on the Moyie River.
CBC Television talk show The Hour taped a live episode in Yahk on February 9, 2006. The show was there in part because of Kyle MacDonald, the blogger behind one red paperclip, who said in an interview with CBC News he would go anywhere to trade "except Yahk, British Columbia". He eventually relented with the catch that CBC News had to do a show from Yahk.
See also
Yaak River
References
External links
Yahk on BritishColumbia.com
East Kootenay
Populated places in the Regional District of Central Kootenay
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Designated places in British Columbia |
4013491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Packet%20crafting | Packet crafting | Packet crafting is a technique that allows network administrators to probe firewall rule-sets and find entry points into a targeted system or network. This is done by manually generating packets to test network devices and behaviour, instead of using existing network traffic. Testing may target the firewall, IDS, TCP/IP stack, router or any other component of the network. Packets are usually created by using a packet generator or packet analyzer which allows for specific options and flags to be set on the created packets. The act of packet crafting can be broken into four stages: Packet Assembly, Packet Editing, Packet Play and Packet Decoding. Tools exist for each of the stages - some tools are focused only on one stage while others such as Ostinato try to encompass all stages.
Packet assembly
Packet Assembly is the creation of the packets to be sent. Some popular programs used for packet assembly are Hping, Nemesis, Ostinato, Cat Karat packet builder, Libcrafter, libtins, PcapPlusPlus, Scapy, Wirefloss and Yersinia. Packets may be of any protocol and are designed to test specific rules or situations. For example, a TCP packet may be created with a set of erroneous flags to ensure that the target machine sends a RESET command or that the firewall blocks any response.
Packet editing
Packet Editing is the modification of created or captured packets. This involves modifying packets in manners which are difficult or impossible to do in the Packet Assembly stage, such as modifying the payload of a packet. Programs such as Scapy, Ostinato, Netdude allow a user to modify recorded packets' fields, checksums and payloads quite easily. These modified packets can be saved in packet streams which may be stored in pcap files to be replayed later.
Packet play
Packet Play or Packet Replay is the act of sending a pre-generated or captured series of packets. Packets may come from Packet Assembly and Editing or from captured network attacks. This allows for testing of a given usage or attack scenario for the targeted network. Tcpreplay is the most common program for this task since it is capable of taking a stored packet stream in the pcap format and sending those packets at the original rate or a user-defined rate. Scapy also supports send functions to replay any saved packets/pcap. Ostinato added support for pcap files in version 0.4. Some packet analyzers are also capable of packet replay.
Packet decoding
Packet Decoding is the capture and analysis of the network traffic generated during Packet Play. In order to determine the targeted network's response to the scenario created by Packet Play, the response must be captured by a packet analyzer and decoded according to the appropriate specifications. Depending on the packets sent, a desired response may be no packets were returned or that a connection was successfully established, among others. The most famous tools for that task are Wireshark and Scapy.
See also
Comparison of packet analyzers
Replay attack
Packet Sender
References
External links
Packet Crafting for Firewall & IDS Audits (Part 1 of 2) by Don Parker
Wikiformat article detailing Packet crafting
Bit-Twist - Libpcap-based Ethernet packet generator
Packet Sender - open source packet generator focused on ease-of-use
Network analyzers
ru:Конструктор пакетов |
4013492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pla%C5%A1ki | Plaški | Plaški () is a village and a municipality in Karlovac County, Croatia. It is part of Lika.
Geography
Plaški is situated in the lower part of the Ogulin-Plaški valley. Together with Gorski kotar and Lika, the Ogulin-Plaški valley forms Mountainous Croatia. The town of Plaški is situated 28 km south from Ogulin and shares borders with municipalities of Ogulin, Josipdol and Saborsko.
Municipality
The municipality consists of several settlements:
Janja Gora, population 112
Jezero, population 77
Kunić, population 32
Lapat, population 215
Latin, population 196
Međeđak, population 100
Plaški, population 1,281
Pothum Plaščanski, population 77
History
In year 33 B.C. the Romans, led by the future Emperor Octavian Augustus, won the battle against an Illyrian tribe, the Japods, in the area east of Plaški. Roman coins have been found in Plaški which proves that this region was inhabited in Roman times.
The name Plaški was first mentioned in 1163 in documents of the Split diocese of the Roman Catholic Church. The second mention dates from 1185 and relates to the establishment of new Krbava diocese, which the parish of Plaški became a part of. Plaški county (Comitatus Plazy) was a separate administrative region until 1193, when it became part of Modruš county and came to be owned by the Frankopan family. In the name of Frankopans Plaški was governed by the Zebić family of nobles, who were their loyal vassals (even today a part of Plaški is called Zebići).
In 1492 just before the Battle of Krbava Plaški was raided by the Turks led by Jakub-Paša and Plaški was abandoned. In a document of Bernardin Frankopan from 1500 Plaški is described as defense fort against the Turks. Another document from 1550 confirms Plaški's status as defense fort and also mentions it as one of four centres in the Military Frontier of the Habsburg Empire.
By decision of the Military Council in Graz, Serbs were allowed to resettle the area. The Serbs came in three waves: 1609, 1639 and 1666. Together with Tounj, Plaški was centre of a military company that was part of Ogulin's regiment. The Eparchy of Upper Karlovac of the Serbian Orthodox Church was founded in 1711 and had its first seat in Gomirje monastery and from 1721 to 1941 the seat was in Plaški. The Orthodox Cathedral was built from 1756 to 1763.
Demographics
Before the Croatian War of Independence, Plaški was a municipality with a majority of Serb population. In the census of 2001, the town of Plaški had 1,468 with total municipality population of 2,292, of which 48.4% were Croats, and 46.1% Serbs. Much of the Croat population is made up of those forced to leave Bosnia replacing Serbs who, in 1995, fled during the war Operation Storm. The Serbs constituted 46% and Croats constituted 51% of the population in the 2011 census.
People
Omar Pasha (born Mihajlo Latas, 1806–1871), Ottoman general and governor
Peter Kokotowitsch (8 October 1890 – 12 July 1968) Wrestler – competed as a middleweight at the 1912 Summer Olympics
References
Further reading
Municipalities of Croatia
Populated places in Karlovac County
Serb communities in Croatia |
4013515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Spano | Robert Spano | Robert Spano ( ; born 7 May 1961, Conneaut, Ohio) is an American conductor and pianist. He is currently music director of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra (ASO), music director of the Aspen Music Festival and School, and music director-designate of the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra.
Biography
Early life
Spano grew up in a musical family in Elkhart, Indiana. His father, Tony Spano, was a flute-builder and instrument-repairman as well as a clarinetist. Spano began making music early, studying piano, flute and violin. By the age of 14, he conducted a composition of his own with the local orchestra.
After graduating from Elkhart Central High School, he studied at the Oberlin Conservatory, where he earned a degree in piano performance, while also pursuing the violin and composition and studying conducting with Robert Baustian. After Oberlin, he studied at the Curtis Institute of Music in Philadelphia, where his mentors included Max Rudolf.
In 1985, Spano left Curtis to take his first professional position, director of orchestral activities at Bowling Green State University. In 1989, he returned to Oberlin, now as a faculty member, leading the Opera Theater program. He has maintained at least an official affiliation with Oberlin ever since.
Rise to prominence
In 1990, Spano was named as an assistant conductor with the Boston Symphony Orchestra. After leaving this post in 1993, he has been a regular guest conductor with the Boston Symphony and a teacher at the Tanglewood Music Center in the summertime. At Tanglewood, he headed the conductor training program from 1998 to 2002, and directed the Festival of Contemporary Music in 2003 and 2004. He has made appearances on the Late Show with David Letterman.
In 1995, Spano's first music directorship was announced, with the Brooklyn Philharmonic. He began his tenure in the fall of 1996. Over the next few years, despite multiple financial crises, Spano, the orchestra, and executive director Joseph Horowitz developed programs organized around intellectual, dramatic, or historical themes, with occasional incorporation of visual elements. In 2002, Spano announced his intention to step down from the Brooklyn post at the end of the 2003–2004 season, remaining as an advisor, and then principal guest conductor, until 2007.
Atlanta
In February 2000, the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra announced the appointment of Spano as its next music director, effective in 2001. The ASO has reported increased ticket sales and donations during Spano's tenure. The ASO has extended Spano's contract as music director multiple times, and he is scheduled to conclude his ASO music directorship at the close of the 2020–2021 season.
During his ASO tenure, Spano has developed working relationships with contemporary composers such as Osvaldo Golijov, Jennifer Higdon, Christopher Theofanidis, Michael Gandolfi, and Adam Schoenberg, under the rubric of the "Atlanta School of Composers". Spano and the ASO have regularly recorded for Telarc, and more recently for Deutsche Grammophon, including compositions from the "Atlanta School of Composers".
Alongside conducting, Spano remains active as a pianist, performing frequently as a chamber musician. He also continues to compose his own music, though only in his time off from his performing career.
Spano's work in opera has included conducting Seattle in cycles of Wagner's Der Ring des Nibelungen, in 2005 and in 2009. He made his guest-conducting debut with the Metropolitan Opera in New York on 19 October 2018, with the United States premiere of Nico Muhly's opera Marnie. including the final performance on 10 November 2018, which was part of the Metropolitan Opera Live in HD series.
Fort Worth
In March 2019, the Fort Worth Symphony Orchestra (FWSO) announced the appointment of Spano as its new principal guest conductor, with immediate effect, with a contract through the 2022–2023 season, simultaneously with his debut as a guest conductor with the orchestra. In February 2021, the FWSO announced the appointment of Spano as its next music director, effective with the 2022–2023 season, with an initial contract of three years. He is scheduled to transition from principal guest conductor to music direcor-designate of the FWSO on 1 April 2021.
Awards and honours
Spano was recognized with the Seaver/National Endowment for the Arts Conductors Award in 1994. He has also received honorary degrees from Bowling Green State University and the Curtis Institute of Music, and his recordings have won several Grammy Awards (see below). He was awarded the Ditson Conductor's Award in 2008. Musical America named Spano as its Conductor of the Year in 2008.
Selected discography
All recordings feature Spano conducting the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra and its Chorus lead by Norman Mackenzie (as appropriate). Additional featured soloists are noted.
Rimsky-Korsakov: Scheherazade, Op. 35; Russian Easter Overture Telarc CD #80568 (2001). Cecylia Arzewski, solo violin.
Product page / Audio samples. Retrieved 2007-03-25
Vaughan Williams: A Sea Symphony (Symphony #1). Telarc CD #80588 (2002). Christine Goerke, soprano; Brett Polegato, baritone; ASO Chorus
Awards: Grammy Awards for Best Classical Album, Best Choral Performance, and Best Engineered Album, 2003.
Product page / Audio samples. Retrieved 25 March 2007
Theofanidis: Rainbow Body; Barber: Symphony No.1, Op. 9; Copland: Suite from Appalachian Spring; Higdon: blue cathedral. Telarc CD #80596 (2003).
Product page / Audio samples. Retrieved 25 March 2007
Higdon: City Scape; Concerto for Orchestra. Telarc CD #80620 (2004).
Product page / Audio samples. Retrieved 25 March 2007
Berlioz: Requiem, Op. 5 (Grande Messe des Morts). Telarc CD #80627 SACD #60627 (2004). Frank Lopardo, tenor; ASO Chorus.
Awards: Grammy Award for Best Choral Performance, 2005.
Product page / Audio samples. Retrieved 25 March 2007
Del Tredici: Paul Revere's Ride; Theofanidis: The Here and Now; Bernstein: "Lamentation" from Symphony No. 1 (Jeremiah). Telarc CD #80638 (2005). Hila Plitmann, soprano; Richard Clement, tenor; Brett Polegato, baritone; Nancy Maultsby, mezzo-soprano.
Awards: Gramophone Magazine "Editor's Choice" (December 2005).
Product page / Audio samples. Retrieved 25 March 2007
Sibelius: Kullervo, Op. 7. Telarc CD #80665 (2006). Charlotte Hellekant, soprano; Nathan Gunn, baritone; Men of the ASO Chorus
Product page / Audio samples. Retrieved 25 March 2007
Golijov: Ainadamar (Fountain of Tears) Deutsche Grammophon CD #477 616-5 (2006). Dawn Upshaw, soprano; Jessica Rivera, soprano; Kelley O'Connor, mezzo-soprano; Ladies of the Atlanta Symphony Orchestra Chorus
Awards: Grammy Awards for Best Opera Recording, Best Classical Contemporary Composition, 2006.
Product page / Audio samples. Retrieved 25 March 2007
Tallis: Why Fum'th in Fight; [[Ralph Vaughan Williams|'Vaughan Williams]]: Symphony No. 5/Fantasia on a Theme by Thomas Tallis/Serenade to Music Telarc CD# 80676 (2007) Jessica Rivera, soprano; Kelley O'Connor, mezzo-soprano; Thomas Studebaker, tenor; Nmon Ford, baritone; ASO Chamber Chorus
Christopher Theofanidis: Symphony No. 1; Peter Lieberson: Neruda Songs
Atlanta Symphony Orchestra
Kelley O’Connor, mezzo-soprano
ASO Media (2011) CD 1002
References
Sources
Davidson, Justin. "MEASURE FOR MEASURE: Exploring the mysteries of conducting". The New Yorker – 21 August 2006, pp. 60–69. (Conversations with Spano frame an essay on the nature of conducting.)
External links
Official website of Robert Spano
Kirshbaum Associates agency page on Robert Spano
Artist page at Telarc International. Older bio; list of Telarc cd's; audio samples. Retrieved 24 March 2007
Interviews
Interview with Robert Spano, 26 October 1998
2005 Print Interview with Pierre Ruhe of the Atlanta Journal-Constitution. Spano discusses conducting Wagner's Ring Cycle''. (also cited above) Accessed 24 March 2007
1961 births
20th-century American conductors (music)
20th-century classical pianists
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century classical pianists
American classical pianists
Male classical pianists
American male pianists
American male conductors (music)
Aspen Music Festival and School faculty
Bowling Green State University faculty
Curtis Institute of Music alumni
Grammy Award winners
Living people
Music directors
Musicians from Atlanta
Musicians from Boston
Musicians from Colorado
Musicians from Indiana
Oberlin Conservatory of Music alumni
Oberlin College faculty
People from Aspen, Colorado
People from Conneaut, Ohio
Musicians from Brooklyn
People from Elkhart, Indiana
20th-century American pianists
21st-century American pianists
Classical musicians from New York (state)
Classical musicians from Massachusetts
Classical musicians from Ohio
20th-century American male musicians
21st-century American male musicians |
4013519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IASP | IASP | IASP may refer to:
International Association for the Study of Pain
International Association for Suicide Prevention
International Association of Science Parks and Areas of Innovation, see Science park |
4013520 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20Morrison%20%28cricketer%29 | Bruce Morrison (cricketer) | Bruce Donald Morrison (born 17 December 1933) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played one Test match in 1963. He bowled right-arm medium pace and was a left-handed tail-end batsman.
Cricket career
Born in Lower Hutt, Morrison first appeared for his local side, Hutt Valley, in an away game at Nelson in the Hawke Cup in December 1951. Aged 20, he made his first class debut for Wellington against Otago at the Basin Reserve on 7 January 1954. He made an immediate impact, taking 4–70 in Otago's first innings and then 7–42 in their second (although Otago won a thriller by 3 runs). In his next game he continued his fine form, taking 5–60 against Auckland at Eden Park and scoring 33 not out with the bat. He finished the season with 22 wickets at an average of only 16.68.
The highlight of Morrison's next season was Wellington's tour match against the MCC, when he picked up the wickets of Trevor Bailey, Bill Edrich and Colin Cowdrey at the Basin Reserve. He finished the season with 16 wickets at nearly 30 apiece. In 1955–56 he had a better season, with 7–68 against Central Districts being the stand-out performance, and a final haul of 24 wickets for the season. While the 1956–57 season was good (15 wickets at 20.93 apiece) it wasn't until 1960–61 (11 wickets at 17.81), 1961–62 (16 wickets at 18.93) and especially 1962–63 (27 wickets at 20.55, including 5–41 against Otago at Carisbrook, Dunedin) that he recaptured his early-career form.
Morrison's wicket-taking in the Plunket Shield in 1962–63 led to selection for his only Test later that season, the 96th person capped by New Zealand, in the Second Test against England at the Basin Reserve on 1–4 March 1963. England only batted once, winning by an innings, and Morrison was expensive, with his two wickets (Ted Dexter and Peter Parfitt, both in the same over) coming at a cost of 129 runs. He was not selected for the Third Test.
Morrison played two more first-class seasons for Wellington. His final match was against the touring Pakistanis in January 1965. He continued to play for Hutt Valley in the Hawke Cup until the 1967–68 season.
In 1997–98 he was the joint first winner of the Bert Sutcliffe Medal, which recognises outstanding services to cricket in New Zealand, in recognition of his work for junior cricket in the Wellington area. He was also a Wellington selector for some years. He ran a sports goods business in Hutt Valley before retiring to live in Trentham.
References
External links
1933 births
Living people
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
New Zealand cricket coaches
Wellington cricketers
Cricketers from Lower Hutt
North Island cricketers |
4013521 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacoba%20of%20Settesoli | Jacoba of Settesoli | Blessed Jacoba of Settesoli (Italian: Giacoma de Settesoli; 1190–1273? was a follower of the Italian saint Francis of Assisi. She is also called Jacqueline de Settesoli, or Brother Jacoba, as Francis had named her.
Life
Jacoba dei Settesoli was born in Rome and married into the noble Frangipani family. She was a young widow when she heard of the holy man, Francis of Assisi. Desiring to meet the penitent in order to seek his spiritual advice, she got her wish when Francis and his small band came to Rome to obtain papal approval of the Franciscan Rule of life. Having heard Francis preach, she sought his guidance on how to be charitable.
Francis advised her not to abandon her family, so she joined the Third Order of Saint Francis, turning administration of the affairs over to her two sons. She spent the rest of her life in the practice of good works. When he travelled to Rome, Francis would stay as her guest. She gave some of her family's property in Trastevere, Rome to Francis and the brothers to use as a hospice for lepers and she provided for their needs. Francis and Lady Jacoba became friends.
At his request, she was present with him at his death. As Francis lay dying, he wanted to taste once more his favorite almond treat and asked “Brother” Jacoba to bring him some. Even before word had reached her, she had already prepared the almond pastries for Francis. The arrival of Lady Jacoba, who had come with her two sons and a great retinue to bid Francis farewell, caused some consternation, since women were forbidden to enter the friary. But Francis in gratitude to this Roman noblewoman, made an exception, and “Brother Jacoba”, as Francis had named her on account of her fortitude, remained to the last. Francis died on the evening of Saturday, 3 October 1226.
The date of her death in Assisi may be February 8, 1239, although some believed she lived until 1273?. She was buried in the Lower Church of the Basilica of Saint Francis, but in 1933 was re-interred in the crypt of the Basilica of San Francesco d'Assisi, near those of Francis. Her feast day is 8 February.
Legacy
There is a tradition among Franciscan communities to commemorate the Transitus (i.e. "passing" or death) of St. Francis. In some, there has developed the custom of distributing small almond confections (cookies, scones, etc.), recalling Bl. Jacoba's attendance at his death.
References
External links
Sister Adrianna. "Franciscanized Lady Jacoba Almond Cookies", Franciscan Sisters of Christian Charity, Manitowoc, Wisconsin, 18 October 2012
Brothers and Sisters of Penance of St Francis FAQ (lists Jacoba at the end)
1190 births
1239 deaths
Italian beatified people
13th-century Italian Roman Catholic religious sisters and nuns
Members of the Third Order of Saint Francis
13th-century venerated Christians |
4013523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Pleavin | Andrew Pleavin | Andrew Pleavin (born 13 April 1968) is an English actor known for his appearances in the TV film Attila, Unstoppable, Batman Begins, Attack of the Gryphon, Return to House on Haunted Hill and his roles in the British police dramas Messiah III: the Promise and The Bill. In February 2006, he was cast in 300 by Frank Miller, a film in which he played a character called Daxos.
Andrew was born in England but spent his early years in Transvaal, South Africa. He returned to the UK and to the Wirral in Northern England, aged 12, and received a black belt status in martial arts at the age of 18 after six years of training in Liverpool and London.
From 1993 to 1996, he trained at the London Drama Centre.
Filmography
External links
GymJones.com "300" The So-Called Program.
1968 births
English male film actors
English male television actors
Living people
Male actors from London
Alumni of the Drama Centre London |
4013530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hazelwood%20Park%2C%20Adelaide | Hazelwood Park, Adelaide |
Hazelwood Park is a park in the Australian state of South Australia located in the suburb of Hazelwood Park within the Adelaide Metropolitan Area.
First creek continues its journey from the hills through the park, the water flowing from Waterfall Gully and into Tusmore. The park contains an assortment of play areas, picnic tables and barbecues. It is relatively large by suburban standards, but unusually there are no playing fields. It is strongly characterised by massive old eucalyptus trees that can be seen from blocks away. Although it is well facilitated, it is normally not as popular as the nearby smaller Tusmore Park.
Hazelwood Park was listed on the South Australian Heritage Register on 11 May 1995.
George Bolton Swimming Centre
The park also contains the George Bolton Swimming Centre, sometimes referred to as the Burnside Swimming Centre, or just Burnside Pool, comprising an outdoor lap pool, a children's pool and a wading pool. There is also a sauna and steam room, two playgrounds and a kiosk. The facility is only open in the summer months, and is very popular on hot days in Adelaide (greater than 32 °C) when it is open until late in the evening.
History
The Burnside Swimming Centre is a large swimming complex in the park, opened in 1966. The swimming centre was a pet project of then-Mayor George Bolton; he had a grand vision of what he wanted Hazelwood Park to become. Bolton met unprecedented public opposition in 1964 when the idea was first unveiled. The substantial elderly population of Burnside (15%) was wholly opposed to the idea, suggesting the influx of troublemakers and noise was hardly worth the effort. The cost was estimated at £75,000. While architects were resigning over the scale of the proposed development and a number of residents were up in arms, the Adelaide newspapers had a ball; cartoonists spent many of their daily cartoons covering the debacle. With the failure of a poll to decide the fate of the idea on 24 March 1964, the Sunday Mail proclaimed the headline "Burnside Says NO to Swim Pool". Mayor Bolton was not dismayed by the result; he pushed further ahead with his idea, announcing new plans in December 1964. After a strong PR campaign and minor changes to the project, a poll in February 1965 voted strongly in favour of the idea. The Mayor had won his battle and it was named the George Bolton Swimming Centre in his honour upon opening in 1966.
Gallery
See also
List of Adelaide parks and gardens
References
External links
Hazelwood Park webpage
City of Burnside
Parks in Adelaide
South Australian Heritage Register
Swimming venues in Australia |
4013550 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrydale | Barrydale | Barrydale is a village located on the border of the Overberg and Klein Karoo regions of the Western Cape Province in South Africa. Named after Joseph Barry, a well known merchant of the 19th century it is situated at the northern end of the Tradouw's pass which winds its way through the mountains to Swellendam.
History
Barrydale's history dates back to the early 18th century when farmers moved into the area looking for fertile arable land with water. The community built their church on a spot where the R62 and R324 roads meet. In the days before the church was built there were a number of nagmaal houses (houses where Holy Communion could be celebrated) and a school, but not much else. The Dutch Reformed Community of Barrydale came into being in 1878 when land was purchased to build the church.
As the farmers in the area were encouraged to plant vineyards and orchards, it was natural that a winery and distillery would eventually be built. In 1940 the Barrydale Koöperatiewe Wynkelder was formed and a distillery established giving rise to the wine industry in the area. Joseph Barry Brandy, produced locally, was voted best brandy in the world in 2003.
Over the years the village grew and eventually a municipality was established in 1921. Today there is an estimated population of ~4100 permanent residents. The population increases dramatically in the tourist season, with visitors drawn by arts and crafts displays including textiles, jewellery and African souvenirs.
Climate
Barrydale has a temperate climate of warm, dry summers with averages of 25°C occasionally up to 35°C, and mild, wet winters when the temperature occasionally dips to around -1°C accompanied by light frosts.
The warm temperate climate is perfect for the growth of various fruit trees with numerous orchards on the fertile soils of the Tradouw Valley. Apples, pears and oranges are harvested in the winter and crops of apricots, figs, cling peaches and grapes in the summer.
Culture
The town still shows the legacy of the apartheid era when it was divided in two to separate whites from non-whites, a large proportion of which are direct descendants of the indigenous Khoisan tribe. Barrydale is culturally diverse for a small village with English- and Afrikaans-speaking inhabitants as well as a substantial European expatriate community including French, German, Spanish and Italian residents.
The annual Barrydale Spring Festival in October is an important event on the town's calendar. The Joseph Barry Tradouw Pass Half Marathon attracts a large number of runners who compete over a 21 km course through the pass.
Flora and fauna
Barrydale and the surrounding area is rich in species diversity with abundant wildlife such as baboons, genets, mongooses, klipspringer (small khaki-coloured antelope often seen perched on rocks), and rock hyraxes, known locally as dassies (smaller relatives of the elephant). More elusive animals, such as porcupines, aardvarks, jackals, otters and the reclusive leopards, are occasionally seen in the mountains. Reptiles are common, especially snakes, with a few poisonous species such as puff adder, boomslang (tree snake) and Cape cobra.
The area is also home to numerous bird species such as the Cape eagle-owl, hadeda ibis, grey heron, sunbird (these often have iridescent plumage), fiscal shrike which impales its prey on acacia thorns or barbed wire, and black eagles often seen soaring high overhead on the thermals.
The area has many rare plant species, notably the fynbos flora on the slopes of the Langeberg mountain range in the south, and succulent-dominated Karroid flora to the north. There are many private and state reserves in the area such as the Grootvadersbosch Nature Reserve.
Churches in Barrydale
Like in many other South African cities and villages there are church buildings of different denominations.
References
External links
Useful knowledge with some good photos.
News from Barrydale online, accommodation, amenities etc
Barrydale accommodation and business directory.
Eponymous website with interesting facts.
Wine route encompassing the Breede River Valley and the Klein Karoo.
Accommodation list, local artists and map of area.
History of Barrydale
Populated places in the Swellendam Local Municipality |
4013555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Association%20for%20the%20Study%20of%20Pain | International Association for the Study of Pain | The International Association for the Study of Pain (IASP) is an international learned society promoting research, education, and policies for the understanding, prevention, and treatment of pain. IASP was founded in 1973 under the leadership of John J. Bonica. Its secretariat, formerly based in Seattle, Washington is now located in Washington, DC. It publishes the scientific journal PAIN, PAIN Reports and PAIN: Clinical Updates. IASP currently has more than 7,200 members from 133 countries and in 94 chapters worldwide. IASP supports 20 Special Interest Groups (SIGs) which members may join to network and collaborate with others in their specific field of research or practice.
Global Year Against Pain
In 2004, supported by various IASP chapters and federations holding their own local events and activities worldwide, IASP initiated its first "Global Year Against Pain" with the motto "The Relief of Pain Should be a Human Right". Every year, the focus is on another aspect of pain.
2021 Global Year Against Back Pain
2020 Global Year to the Prevention of Pain
2019 Global Year Against Pain in the Most Vulnerable
2018 Global Year for Excellence in Pain Education
2017 Global Year Against Pain After Surgery
2016 Global Year Against Pain in the Joints
2014–2015 Neuropathic Pain
2013–2014 Orofacial Pain
2012–2013 Visceral Pain
2011–2012 Headache
2010–2011 Acute Pain
2009–2010 Musculoskeletal Pain
2008–2009 Cancer Pain
2007–2008 Pain in Women
2006–2007 Pain in Older Persons
2005–2006 Pain in Children
2004–2005 Right to Pain Relief
World Congress on Pain
The IASP hosts the biennial World Congress on Pain, the world’s largest pain-related gathering. The program comprises plenary sessions, workshops, poster sessions, and refresher courses, and attendees may receive continuing medical education credits.
Special interest groups
Abdominal and pelvic pain
Acute pain
Cancer pain
Clinical trials
Complex regional pain syndrome
Ethical and legal issues in pain
Genetics and pain
Itch
Methodology, evidence synthesis, and implementation
Musculoskeletal pain
Neuromodulation
Neuropathic pain
See also
Argentinian Association for the Study of Pain
References
External links
Special Interest Groups
Medical associations based in the United States
Pain management
Medical and health organizations based in Washington, D.C. |
4013556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Ward%20%28New%20Zealand%20cricketer%29 | John Ward (New Zealand cricketer) | John Thomas Ward (11 March 1937 – 12 January 2021) was a New Zealand cricketer who played as a wicket-keeper in eight Test matches between 1964 and 1968. Ward's Test captain John Reid said that he was "easily the best wicketkeeper in New Zealand in his time, but was plagued by injury."
Cricket career
Ward made his first-class debut for South Island against North Island in a trial match for the 1958 tour of England. He took five catches in the first innings, and was selected as Eric Petrie's deputy on the tour. He made his Plunket Shield debut for Canterbury in 1959–60, and was selected to tour South Africa in 1961-62, where he served as deputy to Artie Dick.
He finally made his Test debut in 1963–64 in the First Test against the South African touring team, but then lost his place to Dick, who was a superior batsman. He replaced Dick for the Third Test against Pakistan in New Zealand in 1964–65, and went on the tour of India and Pakistan in 1965 as the sole wicket-keeper. He made his highest Test score of 35 not out in the First Test against India, when he and Richard Collinge put on 61 for the last wicket, but injury forced him out after the Indian leg of the tour, and Dick again replaced him. Later that year, in England, Ward returned to the side, replacing Dick for the Third Test. His last Test was the Fourth Test against India in 1967-68.
Ward continued to play for Canterbury until the end of the 1970–71 season. He scored his only first-class fifty against Wellington in 1969-70 when, batting at number five, he made 54 not out. He represented South Canterbury in the Hawke Cup from 1960 to 1976.
His son Barry kept wicket for Canterbury in the 1986–87 season. Ward died in Timaru on 12 January 2021 after a short illness, aged 83.
References
External links
1937 births
2021 deaths
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Canterbury cricketers
Cricketers from Timaru
South Island cricketers
Wicket-keepers |
4013563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canning%20Mills%2C%20Western%20Australia | Canning Mills, Western Australia | Canning Mills is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia in the City of Kalamunda. The suburb was gazetted on 22 September 1972. Its name relates to the Canning River.
It was the terminus and main destination of the Canning Jarrah Timber Company-constructed Upper Darling Range Railway during the early stages of its operation until 1912 when the line was extended.
References
External links
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Darling Range
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wynne%20Bradburn | Wynne Bradburn | Wynne Pennell Bradburn (24 November 1938 – 25 September 2008) was a New Zealand cricketer who played in two Tests against South Africa in 1964.
Cricket career
Bradburn, described as "a fairly dour opening bat who was hard to dismiss", played first-class cricket for Northern Districts from 1957 to 1969. In the 1962–63 season, when Northern Districts won the Plunket Shield for the first time, he played a crucial part in the low-scoring victory over Central Districts: Northern Districts needed 114 to win and were 66 for 5, but he guided them to victory with 58 not out.
He was one of the leading players in the 1963-64 Plunket Shield, with 282 runs in the five-match competition at an average of 31.33 and 13 catches. In the second innings of the final match, against Wellington, he made 98, his highest score to date; he also took three wickets in the match with his off-spin. He replaced the injured opener Graham Dowling for the second and third Tests of the series against South Africa that followed the Plunket Shield season. He was the 100th Test cap for New Zealand. He began with 32 in his first innings when New Zealand totalled 149, but was less successful thereafter, finishing with 62 runs in four innings.
Bradburn made his only first-class century in 1965–66, when he scored 107 (out of a team total of 210) and 59 against Auckland. He twice carried his bat in first-class matches.
He also played in the Hawke Cup from 1955 to 1975. He captained Waikato and made 91 in the first innings when they took the title from Hawke's Bay in 1968–69.
After Bradburn's playing career ended, he served as an administrator, selector and coach in Northern Districts cricket.
Personal life
Bradburn suffered from diabetes throughout his adult life, and as a consequence had both legs amputated in his later years. He died of a heart attack in September 2008 just hours after the funeral of his wife Olwyn. They were both aged 69, and had been married 48 years. Their son Grant also had a long career for Northern Districts and represented New Zealand in seven Test matches between 1990 and 2001.
References
External links
1938 births
2008 deaths
Cricketers from Thames, New Zealand
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Northern Districts cricketers |
4013580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmel%2C%20Western%20Australia | Carmel, Western Australia | Carmel is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda.
Prior to 1949 it was a stopping place on the Upper Darling Range Railway. The railway siding was originally known as Green's Landing after Perth businessman Levi Green, who had moved into the area in 1844. In 1915, the name Carmel, meaning "park" or "garden of God" in Hebrew, was adopted.
The transmission tower for Network 10 in Perth is located here.
References
External links
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster%20House%20Conferences%20%28Nigeria%29 | Lancaster House Conferences (Nigeria) | The Lancaster House Conferences in London in 1957 and 1958 were meetings where the federal constitution for an independent Nigeria was prepared. The meetings were presided over by the British Colonial Secretary, and Nigerian delegates were selected to represent each region and to reflect various shades of opinion. The delegation was led by Abubakar Tafawa Balewa of the Northern People's Congress (NPC), and included party leaders Obafemi Awolowo of the Action Group, Nnamdi Azikiwe of the NCNC, Eyo Ita of the NIP (National Independence Party) and Ahmadu Bello of the NPC – as well as the premiers of the Western, Eastern, and Northern regions. The Chiefs of the Northern Region, Sir Muhammadu Sanusi, Emir of Kano and Alhaji Usman Nagogo, Emir of Katsina' Chiefs of the Western Region, Sir Adesoji Aderemi and Oba Aladesanmi; and Chiefs of the Eastern Region HRH Eze Johnson Osuji Njemanze MBE CON, Paramount Ruler of Owerri, Chief Nyong Essien of Uyo and Chief S. E. Onukogu
References
History of Nigeria
1950s in the City of Westminster
1957 in Nigeria
1958 in Nigeria
1957 in the British Empire
1958 in the British Empire
Nigeria and the Commonwealth of Nations
United Kingdom and the Commonwealth of Nations |
4013587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gooseberry%20Hill%2C%20Western%20Australia | Gooseberry Hill, Western Australia | Gooseberry Hill is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda. It is the site of Gooseberry Hill National Park.
It is located at the highest point south of the departure of the Helena River from the Darling Scarp on to the Swan Coastal Plain. It is often associated with the railway formation of the Kalamunda Zig Zag and the northernmost high feature of Statham's Quarry, which lie on the north west of the locality within national park land.
In 1861, Benjamin Robins purchased of land in the area. In 1878 surveyor Henry Samuel Ranford recorded the name of the eponymous hill as "Gooseberry Hill" ; that name, derived from the presence of cape gooseberries in the area, referred to the Kalamunda area generally in the late 19th century. The townsite was officially gazetted on 8 June 1959.
Gooseberry Hill was the location of a war-time tragedy when a United States Navy C-47 Skytrain (DC-3) plane crashed in heavy fog on 19 April 1945 after taking off from Guildford Airport (later Perth Airport). All of the ten US servicemen and three US Red Cross women on board were killed. The plane crashed between Gooseberry Hill Road and Lansdown Road, from the end of the take-off runway, having travelled in an almost straight course to the point of impact.
The suburb contains two schools, Gooseberry Hill Primary School, a government school established in 1972, and Mary's Mount Primary School, a Catholic school established in 1921.
References
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hacketts%20Gully%2C%20Western%20Australia | Hacketts Gully, Western Australia | Hacketts Gully is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda. It was officially named in 1972 and commemorates an early settler and market gardener, Thomas Hackett.
References
External links
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesmurdie%2C%20Western%20Australia | Lesmurdie, Western Australia | Lesmurdie is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda. It was established in 1897 by Archibald Sanderson, a politician and journalist, who began buying properties in the area from the Canning Jarrah Timber Company to build up a rural retreat and fruit-growing property. He named it after Lesmurdie Cottage, a shooting box near Dufftown, Scotland that his father had rented. It was officially gazetted on 8 June 1959.
It is viewed as being a rival suburb to the neighbouring suburb of Kalamunda directly to the north. The main access to the suburb from the Swan Coastal Plain is via Welshpool Road East, which snakes its way up the side of the Darling Scarp from the suburb of Wattle Grove. Lesmurdie can also be accessed from Kalamunda, Walliston, Carmel and Bickley, primarily through Canning Road.
The shopping centres in the area are the Lesmurdie Village on Sanderson Road and the Lesmurdie Road Shopping Centre on the corner of Rooth Road and Lesmurdie Road.
Lesmurdie has three high schools within its boundaries, the government operated Lesmurdie Senior High School as well as the privately operated Mazenod College for boys and St Brigid's College for girls.
There are two government primary schools in Lesmurdie, Lesmurdie Primary School and Falls Road Primary School as well as a privately operated primary school at St Brigid's.
See also
Mundy Regional Park
References
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephridiopore | Nephridiopore | A nephridiopore is part of the nephridium, an excretory organ found in many organisms, such as flatworms and annelids. Polychaetes typically release their gametes into the water column using nephridiopores.
Nephridia are homologous to nephrons or uriniferous tubules found in the kidney of humans. Nephridiopores are present in ventral region. The nephridium consists of an opening called the nephrostome, a long convoluted tubule, and another opening called the nephridiopore. Body fluids are filtered in through the nephrostome and passed through the convoluted tubule system. Essential substances are reabsorbed through active mechanisms and waste products are secreted back into the lumen of the tube. The resulting excretory fluid or urine is passed out through the nephridiopore.
References
Platyhelminth anatomy
Annelid anatomy |
4013603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebelthite | Ebelthite | Ebelthite is a fairly rare English surname. There are no records of the Ebelthite surname prior to 1720, but it is believed to be a variation of the surname Hebblethwaite. Hebblethwaite is a place name near Sedbergh, and while the full origin is that name is uncertain, the 'thwaite' element is from the Old Norse þveit for a piece of land or paddock.
Distribution
Ebelthite families can be found in and around London in England, and also family clusters in Hertfordshire, Buckinghamshire, Bedfordshire, Lincolnshire and Derbyshire, going back to 1720.
There is an Ebelthite family in South Africa (who emigrated there around 1840) some in Australia, and very small families in Canada and the United States. They all appear to have emigrated from England.
Variations
Variations of the name Ebelthite may also be Ebblewhit, Ebblethait, Ablethwaite, Aplewhite, Ebelwhite, Abtewhite, Eblethwyte, Ebblethwaite, Ebblewight, Applethwait, Ebelwite, Hebblethwaite, Hebblewaite, Hebblewhite, Hepplewhite, Ebblewhite and Hiblethwaite. The surname Ebelthite, and variants Ebblethwaite, Eblethite and Eblethwaite, are registered with the Guild of One-Name Studies.
Heraldry
In 1570 Arms were granted to James Heblethwayte of Malton, Yorkshire by Sir G. Dethick, Garter King of Arms. Burke's General Armory notes the Arms for Heblethwayte of Sedbergh & Malton, Yorkshire as:
Arms: Agent two pallets Azure on a canton Or a mullet pierced Sable.
Crest: Out of a ducal coronet Or a demi wolf rampant ermines.
In the 1890s the College of Arms, London, granted Arms to Ernest Arthur Ebblewhite (b. 1867 d.1947) and his heirs. The blazon:
Arms: Per fesse indented Argent and Azure within two pallets as many roses in pale all counterchanged on a canton Gules a mullet of six points pierced of the first.
Crest: On a wreath of the colours a demi-wolf rampant ermine charged on the shoulder with a mullet as in the Arms and holding between the paws a lyre Or.
Motto: En Avant
List of persons with the surname
Jason Ebelthite, actor
Colin Ebelthite, Professional Australian Tennis Player
External links
Hebblethwaite Family History site
References
Surnames |
4013605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maida%20Vale%2C%20Western%20Australia | Maida Vale, Western Australia | Maida Vale is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda. Kalamunda Road runs through the suburb. Its first European settler was William Henry Mead who arrived in 1873, building a home in the Ridge Hill area and establishing an orchard named Orangedale. It was named in 1910 after a property name of another settler, WH McCormack. The name is believed to be derived from the eponymous area of west London.
Within the suburb there is a primary school (Maida Vale Primary School), a golf course, numerous parks/ovals, a Seventh Day Adventist church ground and caravan park, a child care centre, a heated swimming pool and several small shops including a BP Petrol station, BWS and a new IGA grocery store.
The suburb contains the single set of traffic lights in the whole shire of Kalamunda, at the intersection of Kalamunda Rd, Hawtin Road and Gooseberry Hill Road. This intersection is known as 'six-ways', because at one point there were six different roads at the intersection. The intersection marks the end of Gooseberry Hill Road, and the start of Hawtin Road.
The suburb retains areas of natural bushland and is not completely built-up with housing, although there are plans to increase housing with expansion on the Crystal Brook housing estate. Maida Vale is home to a rare flower named the Maida Vale Bell. Many older established trees in the area are a breeding ground for Carnaby's Black Cockatoo and flocks of up to 20 birds are often seen in the suburb.
References
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulls%20Valley%2C%20Western%20Australia | Paulls Valley, Western Australia | Paulls Valley is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia within the City of Kalamunda. It was officially named in 1973 and commemorates Albert Paull, an early orchardist who settled in the district in 1914.
Bounded to the north by the Helena River valley the main access to the locality is from the Mundaring Weir Road, which bounds Paulls Valley to the south.
Notable people
Edgar Dell – botanical artist
References
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Darling Range
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013609 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pickering%20Brook%2C%20Western%20Australia | Pickering Brook, Western Australia | Pickering Brook is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda.
Prior to 1949 it was a stopping place on the Upper Darling Range Railway.
It was named after nearby Pickering Brook. The brook is named after an early settler, Captain Edward Picking whose name was sometimes recorded as Pickering. The suburb of Pickering Brook was officially created on 12 January 1973. Part of it was formerly known as Carilla.
Like nearby areas such as Karragullen, Pickering Brook is primarily made up of various family-run orchards.
The suburb was seriously under threat in December 2001 from a bushfire.
In June 2008, the previously named Pickering Brook National Park associated with the locality was named Korung National Park.
See also
Darling Scarp
References
External links
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Darling Range
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piesse%20Brook%2C%20Western%20Australia | Piesse Brook, Western Australia | Piesse Brook is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia in the City of Kalamunda. It was officially named in 1972, although the name had been in use since 1890 for a watercourse in the area which honoured William Roper Piesse, a prominent citizen with a large family who were based in Guildford.
References
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coordinative%20definition | Coordinative definition | A coordinative definition is a postulate which assigns a partial meaning to the theoretical terms of a scientific theory by correlating the mathematical objects of the pure or formal/syntactical aspects of a theory with physical objects in the world. The idea was formulated by the logical positivists and arises out of a formalist vision of mathematics as pure symbol manipulation.
Formalism
In order to get a grasp on the motivations which inspired the development of the idea of coordinative definitions, it is important to understand the doctrine of formalism as it is conceived in the philosophy of mathematics. For the formalists, mathematics, and particularly geometry, is divided into two parts: the pure and the applied. The first part consists in an uninterpreted axiomatic system, or syntactic calculus, in which terms such as point, straight line and between (the so-called primitive terms) have their meanings assigned to them implicitly by the axioms in which they appear. On the basis of deductive rules eternally specified in advance, pure geometry provides a set of theorems derived in a purely logical manner from the axioms. This part of mathematics is therefore a priori but devoid of any empirical meaning, not synthetic in the sense of Kant.
It is only by connecting these primitive terms and theorems with physical objects such as rulers or rays of light that, according to the formalist, pure mathematics becomes applied mathematics and assumes an empirical meaning. The method of correlating the abstract mathematical objects of the pure part of theories with physical objects consists in coordinative definitions.
It was characteristic of logical positivism to consider a scientific theory to be nothing more than a set of sentences, subdivided into the class of theoretical sentences, the class of observational sentences, and the class of mixed sentences. The first class contains terms which refer to theoretical entities, that is to entities not directly observable such as electrons, atoms and molecules; the second class contains terms which denote quantities or observable entities, and the third class consists of precisely the coordinative definitions which contain both types of terms because they connect the theoretical terms with empirical procedures of measurement or with observable entities. For example, the interpretation of "the geodesic between two points" as correspondent to "the path of a light ray in a vacuum" provides a coordinative definition. This is very similar to, but distinct from an operational definition. The difference is that coordinative definitions do not necessarily define theoretical terms in terms of laboratory procedures or experimentation, as operationalism does, but may also define them in terms of observable or empirical entities.
In any case, such definitions (also called bridge laws or correspondence rules) were held to serve three important purposes. In the first place, by connecting the uninterpreted formalism with the observation language, they permit the assignment of synthetic content to theories. In the second, according to whether they express a factual or a purely conventional content, they allow for the subdivision of science into two parts: one factual and independent of human conventions, the other non-empirical and conventional. This distinction is reminiscent of Kant's division of knowledge into content and form. Lastly, they allow for the possibility to avoid certain vicious circles that arise with regard to such matters as the measurement of the speed of light in one direction. As has been pointed out by John Norton with regard to Hans Reichenbach's arguments about the nature of geometry: on the one hand, we cannot know if there are universal forces until we know the true geometry of spacetime, but on the other, we cannot know the true geometry of spacetime until we know whether there are universal forces. Such a circle can be broken by way of coordinative definition.(Norton 1992).
From the point of view of the logical empiricist, in fact, the question of the "true geometry" of spacetime does not arise, given that saving, e.g., Euclidean geometry by introducing universal forces which cause rulers to contract in certain directions, or postulating that such forces are equal to zero, does not mean saving the Euclidean geometry of actual space, but only changing the definitions of the corresponding terms. There are not really two incompatible theories to choose between, in the case of the true geometry of spacetime, for the empiricist (Euclidean geometry with universal forces not equal to zero, or non-Euclidean geometry with universal forces equal to zero), but only one theory formulated in two different ways, with different meanings to attribute to the fundamental terms on the basis of coordinative definitions. However, given that, according to formalism, interpreted or applied geometry does have empirical content, the problem is not resolved on the basis of purely conventionalist considerations and it is precisely the coordinative definitions, which bear the burden of finding the correspondences between mathematical and physical objects, which provide the basis for an empirical choice.
Objection
The problem is that coordinative definitions seem to beg the question. Since they are defined in conventional, non-empirical terms, it is difficult to see how they can resolve empirical questions. It would seem that the result of using coordinative definitions is simply to shift the problem of the geometric description of the world, for example, into a need to explain the mysterious "isomorphic coincidences" between the conventions given by the definitions and the structure of the physical world.
Even in the simple case of defining "the geodesic between two points" as the empirical phrase "a ray of light in a vacuum", the correspondence between mathematical and empirical is left unexplained.
References
Norton, J. The hole Argument in Proceedings of the 1988 Biennial Meeting of the Philosophy of Science Association. vol 2. pp. 55-56.
Further reading
Boniolo, Giovanni and Dorato, Mauro. Dalla Relatività galileiana alla relatività generale ("From Galilean relativity to general relativity") in Filosofia della Fisica ed. Giovanni Boniolo.
Reichenbach, Hans. The Philosophy of Space and Time, tr. Italian as La Filosofia dello Spazio e del Tempo. Feltrinelli. Milan. 1977.
Philosophy of science
Definition
Logical positivism |
4013614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R%C3%A1s%20Tailteann | Rás Tailteann | Rás Tailteann (; "Tailteann Race"), often shortened to the Rás, is an annual international cycling stage race, held in Ireland. Traditionally held in May, the race returned after a hiatus in 2022 as 5 day event held in June. By naming the race Rás Tailteann the original organisers, members of the National Cycling Association (NCA), were associating the cycle race with the Tailteann Games, a Gaelic festival in early medieval Ireland.
The event was founded by Joe Christle in 1953 and was organised under the rules of the National Cycling Association (NCA). At that time competitive cycling in Ireland was deeply divided between three cycling organisations, the NCA, Cumann Rothaiochta na hÉireann (CRÉ) and the Northern Ireland Cycling Federation (NICF). The Rás Tailteann was the biggest race that the NCA organised each year.
As a result of a Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) motion, the NCA was banned from international races and all teams affiliated with the UCI were banned from competing in races organised by the NCA. Therefore, only teams that were not affiliated with the UCI or who were willing to take the chance of serving a suspension for competing in the Rás Tailteann competed in the Rás Tailteann. During this time the NCA cyclists achieved prominence in the Rás with Gene Mangan, Sé O'Hanlon and Paddy Flanagan being several legends of the race. Mangan won only one Rás but featured in the race throughout the 1960s and early-1970s winning a total of 12 stages while O'Hanlon won the race four times and won 24 stages. Flanagan won the Rás three times and had 11 stage wins.
The NCA and the CRÉ together with NICF began unification talks in the late 1960s and early 1970s. As a result, a CRÉ team which included Pat McQuaid, Kieron McQuaid, Peter Morton and Peter Doyle was able to enter the race in 1974. Doyle won the race and the McQuaids won two stages each. The first Rás open to the two associations CRÉ and the NICF was in 1979 and enabled Stephen Roche to compete the event as part of the Ireland team. Roche won the event.
The race developed into a much sought after event by professional and amateur teams from many parts of the world.
As part of the elite international calendar it was eligible to award qualifying points that are required for participation in Olympic Games and the UCI Road World Championships.
The first edition was held in 1953 as a two-day event but quickly developed into a week-long event. It ran every year, uninterrupted, until 2018. Following Cumann Rás Tailteann's failure to find a new principal sponsor for the race, it was announced in February 2019 that there would be no Rás that year.
The race was a UCI 2.2 event.
The race returned in 2022.
History
The official name of the race has been changed many times over the years, usually named after sponsors. An Post were the last title sponsors, although this sponsorship ended after the 2017 event.
Race names
1953 to 1967: Rás Tailteann
1968 to 1972: You Are Better Off Saving Rás Tailteann
1973: Tayto Rás Tailteann
1974 to 1976: Discover Ireland Rás Tailteann
1977 to 1980: The Health Race Rás Tailteann
1981 to 1982: Tirolia Rás Tailteann
1983: Dairy Rás Tailteann
1984 to 2004: FBD Milk Rás
2005 to 2010: FBD Insurance Rás
2011 to 2017: An Post Rás
2018 to date: Rás Tailteann
Past winners
Bibliography
References
External links
Cycle races in Ireland
Recurring sporting events established in 1953
UCI Europe Tour races
1953 establishments in Ireland
Spring (season) events in the Republic of Ireland |
4013618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paso%20de%20los%20Libres%E2%80%93Uruguaiana%20International%20Bridge | Paso de los Libres–Uruguaiana International Bridge | The Paso de los Libres-Uruguaiana International Bridge is a road and railroad bridge that joins Argentina and Brazil over the Uruguay River, running between Paso de los Libres, Corrientes Province, Argentina, and Uruguaiana, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It measures in length.
External links
Road-rail bridges
Bridges in Argentina
Bridges in Brazil
Railway bridges in Argentina
Railway bridges in Brazil
Buildings and structures in Corrientes Province
International bridges
Argentina–Brazil border crossings
Bridges over the Uruguay River |
4013619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walliston%2C%20Western%20Australia | Walliston, Western Australia | Walliston is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda.
Prior to 1949 it was a stopping place on the Upper Darling Range Railway. It was named after John and Emma Wallis, the area's first settlers who arrived in the 1880s. The name was applied by the Railway Department in 1915.
In 2008 the Kalamunda shire redrew Walliston's suburb boundaries, resulting in Wallis Lane and the Wallis homestead, still occupied by descendants of John and Emma Wallis, no longer being considered part of the Suburb of Walliston.
The Nine Network's Perth Television transmission tower is located here.
This suburb's main feature is a light industrial area in the north-eastern part of the suburb, an Australia Post mail-processing centre, a Transperth bus depot, City of Kalamunda council equipment storage facilities, a large workshop and a few automotive specialists.
Walliston Primary School is a public primary school in the suburb.
References
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wattle%20Grove%2C%20Western%20Australia | Wattle Grove, Western Australia | Wattle Grove is a suburb of Perth, Western Australia, located within the City of Kalamunda.
Description
Wattle Grove is approximately 2/3 semi-rural, and 1/3 suburban development. It contains some of Hartfield Park, and extends from Crystal Brook Road to Roe Highway.
Major transport routes through the suburb are Welshpool Road, Hale Road, Tonkin Highway and Roe Highway.
Public transport
Bus routes are:
294 to Midland Train Station or to Cannington Train Station via Hale Road
282 to and from Lesmurdie and the city via Welshpool Road
283 to and from Kalamunda and the city via Crystal Brook Road
The nearest train stations are:
Kenwick railway station on the Armadale line
Beckenham railway station on the Armadale line
Cannington railway station on the Armadale line
Facilities
Playgrounds are located throughout the new subdivisions in the suburb, as well as walking and bike paths leading to newly created artificial lakes.
Wattle Grove is served by Wattle Grove Primary School, and a Community TAFE Centre in Lewis Road and the Bible College of Western Australia (private). The primary school built on the area bordered by St John Road, Tomah Road, and Acastus Road opened to students in 2011. The previous primary school on Welshpool Road was mothballed with no alternative usage envisioned.
Hartfield Recreation Centre, located nearby, provides gymnasium facilities as well as opportunities for playing rugby league, soccer, baseball, cricket and tennis. Hartfield Park also contains the Darling Range Horse and Pony Club, the Hartfield Country Club (golf course), boy scouts, and car club rooms.
Wattle Grove is well connected to other regions of Perth due to its proximity to the Roe Highway and Tonkin Highway.
The most direct route to the Perth central business district is via Welshpool and Shepperton Roads (12 km all in 60 km/h zones), however alternative routes are available via Orrong Road / Graham Farmer Freeway (14 km in 70 & 80 km/h zones), Tonkin Highway / Great Eastern Highway (18 km in 100 & 60 km/h zones), and Roe Highway / Kwinana Freeway (23 km all in 100 km/h zone and the only route without traffic lights).
Wattle Grove has one major retail facility within its boundaries, containing Aldi, 7-Eleven and various other stores e.g. a bakery, a sushi shop and a gym. It has two vets, a motel, a number of nurseries, landscape suppliers, agistment paddocks, boarding kennels and a bird, fish and reptile shop.
The nearest police station is at Forrestfield, and public hospitals are available at Bentley and Kalamunda.
History
Prior to European settlement the Beeloo Whadjuk people occupied much of Wattle Grove. In 1827 the colonial botanist Charles Fraser and Captain James Stirling explored the region to evaluate its suitability for farming. Initially the area was used for forestry and orchards; fruit growing continues to be one of the major industries in Wattle Grove, Bickley and Orange Grove today. This suburb name may have come from a property that was in the area around 1920, or the name may have come about in the early 1900s from wattle trees that lined Welshpool Road; the district was described by the European settlers as "where the groves of wattle are".
Much of Wattle Grove has developed into other agricultural uses such as poultry farms, equestrian studs, agistment paddocks, horticultural nurseries, pet kennels, hobby farms and cattle breeders.
20 residents of Wattle Grove were killed in action during World War One (1914–1918), 5 of whom were from the one family.
Notable people
David Birnie, serial killer
Recent events
After a concerted campaign was lost during the 1980s by the Save our Foothills action group a quarter of the suburb bounded by Welshpool Road, Tonkin Highway and Roe Highway has been rezoned as "urban development" by what was then the Shire of Kalamunda and is known as "cell 9" in the Kalamunda Shire Plans. This area of Wattle Grove is now a hive of activity as land is subdivided and houses built. The price of land in cell 9 has subsequently risen exponentially since the first subdivision in 1999.
References
Suburbs of Perth, Western Australia
Suburbs in the City of Kalamunda |
4013626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Vivian | Graham Vivian | Graham Ellery Vivian (born 28 February 1946) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in five Test matches and one One Day International (ODI) from 1965 to 1972. He made his Test match debut without previously playing in a first-class match. His father, Giff Vivian, played seven Tests for New Zealand in the 1930s.
Cricket career
After some fine performances as a leg-spinning all-rounder for the Auckland Under-20 side in the 1964-65 Brabin Tournament (23 wickets at 10.47 in three matches), he was selected to tour India, Pakistan and England in 1965 with the national team. He played his first Test just after his nineteenth birthday, against India in Calcutta, without having played a first-class match. He made a useful 43 in the second innings, coming in when New Zealand were struggling at 103 for 7 and helping the side avoid defeat. On the England leg of the tour he played eight first-class matches but was unsuccessful with bat or ball, and did not play a Test.
He toured the West Indies in 1971–72 and played four Tests but without success. However, his fielding was outstanding: Henry Blofeld described the 1971-72 New Zealanders' fielding as "the most impressive I have ever seen from any side anywhere", and he singled out Vivian as "the best of all". He continued to play domestic cricket in New Zealand until 1978–79, but never played another Test.
His best first-class bowling figures were 5 for 59 for Auckland against Central Districts at Auckland in 1967–68. On a brief non-Test tour of Australia in 1969-70 he hit his highest first-class score (and first century) of 137 not out against Victoria in Melbourne, out of a New Zealand total of 220, having come to the crease at 22 for 4.
After cricket
In 1981 Vivian established a company manufacturing synthetic turf for sports grounds. By 2007 its New Zealand factory was weaving 950,000 square metres of various kinds of turf a year.
References
External links
1946 births
Auckland cricketers
Living people
New Zealand One Day International cricketers
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
New Zealand people of Cornish descent
North Island cricketers |
4013634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pooley%20Bridge | Pooley Bridge | Pooley Bridge is a village in the Eden District of the northwestern English county of Cumbria, within the traditional borders of Westmorland.
The village takes its name from a bridge over the River Eamont at the northern end of Ullswater. The bridge, erected in 1764 and replacing an earlier bridge from the 16th century, collapsed on 6 December 2015 when Cumbria was hit by heavy flooding as a result of Storm Desmond. A temporary replacement bridge was opened on 20 March 2016. A new stainless steel bridge was lifted into place in May 2020, and opened in October 2020.
There is a pier from which ferries (known as the Ullswater 'Steamers') provide connections to Glenridding and Howtown. Pooley Bridge was formerly known as Pooley or Pool How meaning the hill by the pool or stream. The name Pool How was derived from the Old English word pollr plus the Old Norse haugr meaning hill or mound.
Pooley is mostly situated in the civil parish of Barton and Pooley Bridge, of which it is the main settlement. The few houses on the northern or Cumberland side of the bridge are in Dacre parish. The village is popular with tourists, especially during the summer, and has several hotels, guest houses and camping sites.
References
External links
Cumbria County History Trust: Barton (nb: provisional research only - see Talk page)
Storm Desmond: Pooley Bridge collapses in Cumbria floods
Large Sunny Images of Pooley Bridge
Pictures of Pooley Bridge
Lake District Walks - Pooley Bridge
Villages in Cumbria
Eden District
Westmorland |
4013641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Puna | Tom Puna | Narotam "Tom" Puna (28 October 1929 – 7 June 1996) was a New Zealand cricketer who played in three Tests in 1966.
Life and career
Puna's family migrated from India to New Zealand when he was eight. He was a fixture in the Northern Districts side from 1956–57 to 1968–69, beginning as a middle-order batsman but descending the order as his off-spin bowling developed. His best innings figures were 6 for 25 against Otago in Hamilton in 1966–67 (match figures of 59–29–66–9). When he retired he was Northern Districts' leading wicket-taker, with 223.
He took 34 wickets at 13.70 in the Plunket Shield in the 1965–66 season, and was selected as New Zealand's principal spinner in all three Tests against the visiting England team later that season, but achieved little.
His sons Ashok and Kirti also played for Northern Districts.
References
External links
Tom Puna at Cricket Archive
Tom Puna at Cricinfo
1929 births
1996 deaths
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Northern Districts cricketers
Cricketers from Surat
Indian emigrants to New Zealand |
4013645 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Harford | Roy Harford | Roy Ivan Harford (born 30 May 1936, in Fulham, England) is a former New Zealand cricketer who played in three Tests against India in 1967–68. He played first-class cricket in New Zealand from 1965 to 1968.
Cricket career
Born in London, Harford was a wicket-keeper who played club cricket for Mitcham in Surrey before emigrating to New Zealand in 1961. He represented Bay of Plenty in the Hawke Cup in 1962–63 and 1963–64 before moving to Auckland, where he was selected to play Plunket Shield cricket for Auckland in 1965–66.
He played all four representative matches for New Zealand against the Australian team in 1966–67, and toured Australia on the brief non-Test tour of 1967–68 as the only keeper. He then played the first three Tests in the home series against India. In the Third Test he became the first New Zealand wicketkeeper to take five catches in a Test innings; he also conceded no byes in the match. However, he was replaced by John Ward for the Fourth Test. His three Tests were his last first-class matches.
Although he was a competent keeper, who played 13 of his 25 first-class matches for the national team, Harford's left-handed batting was so unproductive that, unusually for a wicket-keeper at any level of the game, he usually batted at number 11. He made his top first-class score of 23 for Auckland against Otago when, batting at number 10, he added 75 for the ninth wicket with Bob Cunis after Auckland had been 165 for 8.
He was not related to Noel Harford, who played for New Zealand in the 1950s. Both played in the Auckland team in 1965–66 and 1966–67.
See also
List of Auckland representative cricketers
References
External links
Roy Harford at Cricinfo
1936 births
Living people
Cricketers from Greater London
English emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand Test cricketers
New Zealand cricketers
Auckland cricketers
Wicket-keepers |
4013647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supraesophageal%20ganglion | Supraesophageal ganglion | The supraesophageal ganglion (also "supraoesophageal ganglion", "arthropod brain" or "microbrain") is the first part of the arthropod, especially insect, central nervous system. It receives and processes information from the first, second, and third metameres. The supraesophageal ganglion lies dorsal to the esophagus and consists of three parts, each a pair of ganglia that may be more or less pronounced, reduced, or fused depending on the genus:
The protocerebrum, associated with the eyes (compound eyes and ocelli). Directly associated with the eyes is the optic lobe, as the visual center of the brain.
The deutocerebrum processes sensory information from the antennae. It consists of two parts, the antennal lobe and the dorsal lobe. The dorsal lobe also contains motor neurons which control the antennal muscles.
The tritocerebrum integrates sensory inputs from the previous two pairs of ganglia. The lobes of the tritocerebrum split to circumvent the esophagus and begin the subesophageal ganglion.
The subesophageal ganglion continues the nervous system and lies ventral to the esophagus. Finally, the segmental ganglia of the ventral nerve cord are found in each body segment as a fused ganglion; they provide the segments with some autonomous control.
A locust brain dissection to expose the central brain and carry out electro-physiology recordings can be seen here.
See also
Lateral horn of insect brain
Mushroom bodies
Virtual Fly Brain
Drosophila connectome
References
Further reading
Chaudonneret, J. "Evolution of the insect brain with special reference to the so-called tritocerebrum." Arthropod brain. Wiley, New York (1987): 3-26.
External links
Insect anatomy
Fish anatomy
Invertebrate nervous system |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.