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4012422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chixdiggit | Chixdiggit | Chixdiggit ( ) is a Canadian pop punk band formed in Calgary, Alberta. The band performed internationally, and released a number of studio albums, mainly with light-hearted pop songs, usually about girls and relationships.
History
In 1990 K.J. Jansen, Mark O'Flaherty and Mike Eggermont started selling T-shirts imprinted with the Chixdiggit logo at their high-school, although at this stage the band did not exist. Sales of the shirts provided the band with enough money to purchase a drum kit. However, none of the band members had any musical experience nor did any of the members own instruments (except O'Flaherty who owned a classical guitar). Eggermont took up playing bass and Jansen took up playing guitar as well as becoming the lead vocalist for the band.
By 1991 the three had formed the band and they started playing a few shows in 1992 while working on their instrumental skills. By 1993 the band was playing regularly in venues around Calgary. In 1995 they performed at a large concert in Seattle, opening for the band 'The Presidents of the United States of America'.
In 1996 Chixdiggit were signed to Sub Pop records. They released their first self-titled album on the record label that year, but they only lasted a short time on the label.
At this stage Chixdiggit was touring worldwide. They were soon signed to Honest Don's Records, a Fat Wreck Chords subsidiary from San Francisco.
After the release of 2000's From Scene to Shining Scene, the band took a hiatus, from which they returned in 2003, and in 2005 the band started writing and recording its fourth full-length album, Pink Razors. The album was released April 19, 2005 on Fat Wreck Chords in North American and Bad Taste Records in Europe.
Mike Eggermont left the band in 2002 and started a software company. In 2003, drummer Dave Alcock (owner of Sundae Sound recording studio) left the band, and was replaced by the band's original drummer, Jason Hirsch.
In June and July 2006, they played a handful of European shows, before playing a couple of Californian shows with the Groovie Ghoulies. They went on a European tour with Riff Randells in October 2007. On October 31, 2007, the band released a re-recording of their debut album, Chixdiggit!, on Bad Taste Records. The re-recorded album was titled Chixdiggit! II.
In 2011 Chixdiggit released a 6-song EP titled "Safeways here we come" released in North America by Fat Wreck Chords
Band members
Current
KJ Jansen - guitar, vocals
Mark O'Flaherty - guitar, vocals
Tyler Pickering - drums
Billy Dixon - Guitar, vocals
Rob Gruszecki - Bass, vocals
Former
Mike Eggermont - bass, vocals (1991–2000)
Dave Alcock - drums (1997–2003)
Jason Hirsch- drums (1991-1997, 2003-2007)
Mike McLeod - bass, vocals
Kepi Ghoulie - bass, vocals
Jimmy James - bass, vocals
BJ Downey - Bass, vocals
Discography
Studio albums
1996 - Chixdiggit! (Sub Pop Records)
1998 - Born on the First of July (Honest Don's Records)
2000 - From Scene to Shining Scene (Honest Don's Records)
2005 - Pink Razors
2007 - Chixdiggit! II
EPs
2011 - Safeways Here We Come (2011)
2016 - 2012
Cassettes
1993 - Humped (self-released)
7"s
1995 - Best Hung Carrot (Lance Rock Records)
1999 - Best Hung Carrot in the Fridge and Other Songs (CD, Delmonico Records)
2000 - Best Hung Carrot in the Fridge (10" vinyl, Rock & Roll Inc.)
1996 - Shadowy Bangers from a Shadowy Duplex (Sub Pop Records)
1997 - Chupa Cabra (Honest Don's Records)
Splits
1998 - Chronic for the Troops - split with Groovie Ghoulies (Delmonico Records)
Music videos
"Where's Your Mom?" (1996)
"Chupacabras" (1998)
"Spanish Fever" (2000)
"You're Pretty Good" (2005)
Compilation appearances
1994 - Bloodbath at the Chinese Disco (Porn Star/Sloth Records) With Feist's former punk band "Placebo"
1996 - On Guard for Thee: a Collection of Canada's Youth Gone Bad (Au GoGo Records)
1996 - Pop Goes the Weasel, Vol. 2 (K.O.G.A. Records)
1997 - Honest Don's Welcome Wagon (Honest Don's Records)
1997 - Nothing beats a Royal Flush (Roto-Flex Records)
1998 - Wankin' in the Pit (CR Records Japan)
1998 - Happy Meals II (My Records)
1998 - Greatest Shits (Honest Don's Records)
1998 - ESPN X Games Pro Boarder (Radical Entertainment/EA Sports)
1999 - 70 Minutos: Full Time Hardcore (Tamborette Entertainment)
1999 - Short Music for Short People (Fat Wreck Chords)
1999 - My So-Called Punk Rock Life (Melted Records)
1999 - This is Bad Taste, Vol. 3 (Bad Taste Records)
2000 - More RPM's Than Floyd on a Scooter (Fat Wreck Chords)
2000 - AMP (Mack Dawg Productions)
2000 - Punk Chunks (LameAss Recordz)
2001 - 123-Punk (Mutt Records)
2002 - Honest Don's Dirty Dishes (Honest Don's Records)
2002 - FUBAR: The Album (Phantom Records)
2005 - Rock Against Floyd (Fat Wreck Chords)
2010 - Harder, Fatter + Louder! (Fat Wreck Chords)
See also
List of bands from Canada
References
External links
Facebook page
MySpace page
Musical groups established in 1991
Musical groups from Calgary
Canadian punk rock groups
Canadian pop punk groups
Fat Wreck Chords artists
Sub Pop artists
1991 establishments in Alberta |
4012428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medieval%20Scandinavian%20law | Medieval Scandinavian law | Medieval Scandinavian law, also called North Germanic law, was a subset of Germanic law practiced by North Germanic peoples. It was originally memorized by lawspeakers, but after the end of the Viking Age they were committed to writing, mostly by Christian monks after the Christianization of Scandinavia. Initially, they were geographically limited to minor jurisdictions (lögsögur), and the Bjarkey laws concerned various merchant towns, but later there were laws that applied to entire Scandinavian kingdoms. Each jurisdiction was governed by an assembly of free men, called a þing.
The court assembly, the thing, used the law and heard witnesses to rule whether the accused was guilty or not. There were usually two types of punishment: outlawing and fines. The most common means of justice were, however, fines; the amount varied, depending on the severity of the offense. This system was extremely intricate and the fines themselves, singularly a "mulct", were also varied according to the social status of the accused and/or the victim. Disputes of innocence were often solved by trial. These trials consisted of different tests for men and women. However, as long as the courts were not made aware of the crime, it could go unpunished or was settled outside of legal bounds by payment. There was no written code of law until after the Viking Age, but the code of fines, duels, and disavowing criminals was the standard across the Scandinavian world.
Iceland
The best sources for information about the Viking legal system are found in Iceland, where it was the most highly documented. The Eyrbyggja Saga, for example, portrays accounts of the compromises made at the Althing. In Chapter 46 of the saga, the arbitrator and his jury facilitate the following settlement:
"It was agreed that the wound Thord Bling received at Alfta Fjord should cancel the one given to Thorodd Snorrason. Mar Hallvardsson's wound and the blow Steinthor gave Snorri the Priest were said to equal the deaths of the three men killed at Alfta Fjord. The killings by Styr, one on either side, cancelled each other out, as did the killings of Bergthor, and the wounds of the Thorbrandssons in the fight on Vigra Fjord. The killing of Freystein Bofi was set against the killing of one of Steinthor's men at Alfta Fjord. Thorleif Kimbi got compensation for the leg he had lost. The killing of one of Snorri's men at Alfta Fjord was matched against the unlawful assault Thorleif Kimbi had committed by starting the fight. All other injuries were evened out, all outstanding differences paid for, and so they parted on friendly terms. Everyone honoured this settlement as long as Steinthor and Snorri were both alive."
In 1117, the Althing decided that all the laws should be written down and this was accomplished at Hafliði Másson's farm over that winter and published the following year. The resulting codex is known as the Gray Goose Laws (Icelandic: Grágás) and they were a collection of laws from the Icelandic Commonwealth period consisting of Icelandic civil laws and the laws governing the Christian church in Iceland.
Norway
As with the other Scandinavian countries in the Medieval Age, Norway was governed by a system of þings at which the numerous kings would convene to settle legal disputes. Medieval Norway developed four ancient regional assemblies: Frostating, Gulating, Eidsivating and Borgarting. There were also smaller þings, such as Haugating, which did not develop into major legislative meetings. A jury typically consisted of twelve members, twenty-four members, or thirty-six members according to the importance of the matter in question.
One of the most common practices in early medieval Norway of determining the outcome of a case was a holmgang, which was a duel between the accuser and the accused. The winner was considered to be in the favor of the gods and thus the innocent party. Although not as common, outlawing men was practiced as well. Bjorn, son of Ketil Flat-Nose, was declared an outlaw by a thing assembled by King Harald in the very beginning of the Eyrbyggja Saga.
As royal power in the Norwegian kingdom was consolidated, from about the eleventh century onwards, laws were increasingly put into writing, and later issued by royal decree. Thus trade in towns came to be regulated by the Bjarkey laws; the laws of the four þings were codified during the thirteenth century, producing texts such as the Frostathing Law. Magnus I of Norway ("the good") took a key role in this. Then, during the reign of Magnus VI of Norway ("the lawmender"), the first state law for the whole of Norway was issued, between 1274 and 1276. This is known as Magnus Lagabøtes landslov; it was supplemented with further law-codes for the country's cities from 1276, known as Magnus Lagabøtes bylov.
Magnus Lagabøtes landslov stood more or less unchanged as a key section of Norwegian law until the Norwegian Code of issued by Christian V of Denmark in 1688. However, a number of features of the current Law of Norway are still thought to descend lineally from Ancient Norwegian property laws. Udal law, for example, is thought to have ancient origins of this kind.
The Treaty of Perth transferred the Outer Hebrides and Isle of Man to Scots law while Norse law and rule still applied for Shetland and Orkney.
Denmark
Medieval Denmark was divided into three jurisdictions each ruled by its own provincial law; the Scanian Law used in the Scanian lands, the Zealandic Law used in Zealand and Lolland, and the Jutlandic Law used in Jutland (both North and South) and Funen. The Scanian lands were Danish until the middle of the 17th century, and the Scanian Law predates Sweden's similar provincial laws. It was written down around 1200 and exists in several law manuscripts. The earliest extant manuscript, SKB B74 was created between 1225-1275 and is now housed at the Swedish Royal Library. Another copy, the Codex Runicus, was written entirely in runic lettering around 1300 and is now held at the Arnamagnæan Institute at the University of Copenhagen. These manuscripts are however copies of older lawtexts and the Scanian Law is thus counted as one of the oldest provincial laws in the Nordic countries.
All three provincial laws were given by king Valdemar the Victorious. The youngest of the three, the Jutlandic Law, was given in 1241. Zealand was later given two additional laws: King Eric's Zealandic Law and the Zealandic ecclesiastical law. It is remains unclear which king Eric the former law refers to.
The three laws were replaced in 1683 by King Christian V's Danish Law but as this law was never introduced in Schleswig, the Jutlandic Law remained in force for this jurisdiction. The oldest known copy of the Jutlandic Law, Codex Holmiensis 37 is currently owned by the Swedish Royal Library. Recent research has rejected earlier claims that described this copy as Swedish war booty from 1657 to 1660 wars, as the book appears to have been in Danish ownership during the early 18th century.
Sweden
The earliest written law from what is now Sweden seems to be the Forsaringen, an iron ring from the door for the church of Forsa in Hälsingland, which carries a runic inscription, long thought to be from the high Middle Ages but more recently dated to the ninth or tenth century. The inscription's precise meaning is uncertain, but seems to list fines, with the fine doubling for each new offence.
The earliest substantial Swedish law-texts are the provincial laws (in Swedish landskapslag), which were the means of law holding in Sweden during the Middle Ages. Written sources on the landskaplagar date from after 1280. The provinces of Sweden, or landskap were practically separate countries and had individual laws. Provincial laws are known to have existed in the provinces of Västergötland, Östergötland, Dalarna, Hälsingland, Södermanland, Law of Uppland, Västmanland, Värmland and Närke. A provincial law, Gutalagen, also existed for Gotland. In Finland, the local common laws were not codified, but in parts of Finland the applied law was based on the Hälsingland law.
In older times the laws were memorized by a lawspeaker (lagman). Around 1200, the laws began to be transferred to written form. This was probably due to clerical influences. The oldest of the Swedish provincial laws is the Westrogothic law or Västgötalagen, which was used in the province of Västergötland, in west Sweden. Like Gutalagen, it was written in its oldest version around 1220. Some regulations are likely to have their origins in the Viking Age. A stipulation that "no man may inherit while he sits in Greece", for instance, would have been useful during the Viking Age when many Swedes served in the Varangian Guard but less so when the laws were codified, at a time when such service had all but stopped.
Of the fine, one third was to be paid to the wronged; one third to the hundred; and one third to the King.
In 1347, the Swedish provincial laws were replaced by Magnus Eriksson's country law. Gutalagen was in use until 1595 and the Scanian Law was in use until 1683.
Christianity and Norse law
Christianity is thought to have come to the Scandinavian peoples initially in the reign of Charlemagne, but did not take hold until the 11th or 12th centuries, when it was made the official religion of Norway by Olaf Tryggvason. He is also credited with expanding the religion to the Faroe Islands, Iceland, and Greenland, among other areas in Scandinavia.
With the Christians came new laws and ideas, such as the Járnburdr, which was a "test by fire". It consisted of picking an iron out of boiling water and carrying it 9 paces. A week later, if the carrier's wounds had not become infected they were declared innocent. Later, the Christians also abolished this law. It also abolished slavery in Scandinavia and the gathering of "cults". Perhaps the largest contribution of Christianity to Viking culture, however, was the power that it presented. As the Viking Age moved into a more monarchical era, it came to a fast close. Kings such as the Olaf Tryggvason, Sweyn Forkbeard, and Sweyn's son Cnut the Great were extremely powerful and were Christian.
The yearly þing ritual continued after the Christianization of Scandinavia, especially in Iceland where it was a social gathering, not merely a court.
See also
Norsemen
þing
Alþingi
Eyrbyggja Saga
References
Customary legal systems
Anglo-Saxon law (England)
Aqsaqal (Central Asia)
Adat (Malays of Nusantara)
Urf (Arab World / Sharia Islamic law)
Pashtunwali and Jirga (Pashtun people of Pakistan and Afghanistan)
Smriti and Ācāra (India)
Coutume (France)
Customary law in Australia (Australia)
Early Germanic law
Early Irish law (Ireland)
Laws of the Brets and Scots (Scotland)
Welsh law (Wales)
Xeer (Somalia)
Early Germanic law
Customary legal systems
Medieval law
Legal history of Denmark
Scandinavian law
Law
Scandinavian |
4012438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SageMath | SageMath | SageMath (previously Sage or SAGE, "System for Algebra and Geometry Experimentation") is a computer algebra system (CAS) with features covering many aspects of mathematics, including algebra, combinatorics, graph theory, numerical analysis, number theory, calculus and statistics.
The first version of SageMath was released on 24 February 2005 as free and open-source software under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2, with the initial goals of creating an "open source alternative to Magma, Maple, Mathematica, and MATLAB". The originator and leader of the SageMath project, William Stein, was a mathematician at the University of Washington.
SageMath uses a syntax resembling Python's, supporting procedural, functional and object-oriented constructs.
Development
Stein realized when designing Sage that there were many open-source mathematics software packages already written in different languages, namely C, C++, Common Lisp, Fortran and Python.
Rather than reinventing the wheel, Sage (which is written mostly in Python and Cython) integrates many specialized CAS software packages into a common interface, for which a user needs to know only Python. However, Sage contains hundreds of thousands of unique lines of code adding new functions and creating the interfaces among its components.
SageMath uses both students and professionals for development. The development of SageMath is supported by both volunteer work and grants. However, it was not until 2016 that the first full-time Sage developer was hired (funded by an EU grant). The same year, Stein described his disappointment with a lack of academic funding and credentials for software development, citing it as the reason for his decision to leave his tenured academic position to work full-time on the project in a newly founded company, SageMath, Inc.
Achievements
2007: first prize in the scientific software division of Les Trophées du Libre, an international competition for free software.
2012: one of the projects selected for the Google Summer of Code.
2013: ACM/SIGSAM Jenks Prize.
Performance
Both binaries and source code are available for SageMath from the download page. If SageMath is built from source code, many of the included libraries such as OpenBLAS, FLINT, GAP (computer algebra system), and NTL will be tuned and optimized for that computer, taking into account the number of processors, the size of their caches, whether there is hardware support for SSE instructions, etc.
Cython can increase the speed of SageMath programs, as the Python code is converted into C.
Licensing and availability
SageMath is free software, distributed under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 3.
Although Microsoft was sponsoring a native version of SageMath for the Windows operating system, prior to 2016 there were no plans for a native port, and users of Windows had to use virtualization technology such as VirtualBox to run SageMath. As of SageMath 8.0 (July 2017), with development funded by the OpenDreamKit project, it successfully builds on Cygwin, and a binary installer for 64-bit versions of Windows is available.
Linux distributions in which SageMath is available as a package are Fedora, Arch Linux, Debian, Ubuntu and NixOS. In Gentoo, it is available via layman in the "sage-on-gentoo" overlay. The package used by NixOS is available for use on other distributions, due to the distribution-agnostic nature of its package manager, Nix.
Gentoo prefix also provides Sage on other operating systems.
Software packages contained in SageMath
The philosophy of SageMath is to use existing open-source libraries wherever they exist. Therefore, it uses many libraries from other projects.
See also
CoCalc
Comparison of numerical-analysis software
Comparison of statistical packages
List of computer algebra systems
References
External links
Computer algebra system software for Linux
Computer algebra system software for macOS
Computer algebra system software for Windows
Free and open-source Android software
Free computer algebra systems
Free educational software
Free mathematics software
Free software programmed in Python
Mathematical software
Python (programming language) scientific libraries |
4012440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camille%20Henderson | Camille Henderson | Camille Henderson (born June 16, 1970, in Vancouver, British Columbia) is a Canadian pop singer.
She played the role of Shirley in Sandy Wilson's 1985 Canadian film My American Cousin. She went on to become part of the Vancouver-based pop group West End Girls from 1991 to 1993. Following her departure from the band in 1993, Henderson became a backing vocalist for Sarah McLachlan, and also appeared as a vocalist on albums by Delerium and on "You Should Come Over" from the 1998 54-40 album "Since When". She can be seen performing live on McLachlan's Mirrorball DVD.
She is the daughter of Bill Henderson, a singer-songwriter and music producer associated with the bands Chilliwack and UHF, and is a vocal instructor in Vancouver. Her older sister Saffron Henderson is also a singer and well-known voice actress.
References
External links
Official Website
1970 births
Living people
20th-century Canadian actresses
21st-century Canadian actresses
Actresses from Vancouver
Musicians from Vancouver
Canadian dance musicians
Canadian women pop singers
Canadian child actresses
Canadian film actresses
Canadian stage actresses
Canadian television actresses
Canadian Roman Catholics
20th-century Canadian women singers
21st-century Canadian women singers |
4012461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antipodes%20parakeet | Antipodes parakeet | The Antipodes parakeet or Antipodes Island parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor) is a parrot in the family Psittaculidae that is endemic to the Antipodes Islands of New Zealand. It is one of two parrot species found on the islands, and one of only five ground-dwelling parrots in the world. They are long-living birds that may live up to 10 years of age, but the introduction of mice that compete with them for food is a threat to their survival on the Antipodes Islands. Unusually for parrots, they sometimes prey upon other birds, a trait shared by another New Zealand parrot, the kea.
Taxonomy
The Antipodes parakeet was depicted in 1831 by the English artist Edward Lear in his Illustrations of the Family of Psittacidae, or Parrots. Lear used the common name "Uniform parakeet" and coined the binomial name Platycercus unicolor. The species is now placed in the genus Cyanoramphus that was introduced in 1854 by the French ornithologist Charles Lucien Bonaparte.
Its closest relative is Reischek's parakeet, which also lives on the Antipodes Islands. Other relatives include the Norfolk parakeet, Society parakeet and Chatham parakeet.
Description
It is the largest species in the genus Cyanoramphus at 30 cm (12 in) long. and makes a penetrating kok-kok-kok-kok noise.
Distribution and habitat
The Antipodes parakeet is endemic to the Antipodes Islands of New Zealand. They are common on the main Antipodes Island, but are less common on smaller islands in the group such as Bollons Island. They live in very small numbers on Leeward Island, where they only live in a 0.1 square kilometre region of the island. The Antipodes parakeet also live on the 0.1 square kilometre Archway Island as well.
Behaviour and ecology
These parakeets eat leaves, buds, grass, and tussock stalks, as well as sometimes feeding on seeds, flowers, and will scavenge dead seabirds. The Antipodes parakeet also preys on grey-backed storm petrels, entering burrows to kill incubating adults, even digging at the entrance if it is too small.
Antipodes parakeets spend much of their time on the ground and in very small groups, in pairs or solitary.
They are quite inquisitive, territorial, probing and mischievous.
Their nest is in a tunnel 2 metres beneath the fibrous peat away from the wind.
Status
The population is stable but conservation status is Vulnerable. The population is 2,000-3,000.
Originally entirely restricted to the islands that bear their name there is now a small captive population, founded with less than 20 individuals, on the mainland.
References
External links
World Parrot Trust Parrot Encyclopedia - Species Profile
BirdLife Species Factsheet.
ARKive - images and movies of the Antipodes Parakeet (Cyanoramphus unicolor)
Antipodes Parakeet TerraNature | New Zealand ecology
Antipodes parakeet
Birds of the Antipodes Islands
Endemic birds of New Zealand
Parrots of Oceania
Antipodes parakeet
Taxa named by Edward Lear |
4012472 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coolidge%20Middle%20School | Coolidge Middle School | Coolidge Middle School may refer to:
Coolidge Middle School (Massachusetts), in Reading, Massachusetts
Coolidge Middle School (Illinois), operated by Granite City Community Unit School District 9 in Granite City, Illinois
Calvin Coolidge Middle School (Illinois) in Peoria, Illinois |
4012475 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yarr | Yarr | Yarr may refer to:
Tommy Yarr (1910–1941), American football player
Yarr Radio
Yarr, a character in W.I.T.C.H., an Italian comic series
Youngstown and Austintown Railroad
Spergula arvensis, sometimes referred to in New Zealand as yarr
See also
Yar (disambiguation)
International Talk Like a Pirate Day |
4012515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitfield%2C%20Victoria | Whitfield, Victoria | Whitfield is an agricultural township in the King Valley in north-eastern Victoria.
Overview
The township is immediately west of the flood-prone King River and has State Forest to its west and east. Agriculture extends along several stream valleys which are tributaries of the King River. At the , Whitfield and the surrounding area had a population of 215.
History
Pastoral runs were established in the area in the 1840s but population was small until the 1870s, the Post Office opening on 1 May 1874 as Upper King River and being renamed Whitfield in 1889. The name Whitfield is believed to come from the name of a pastoral run Whitefields. In the early 1900s Whitfield was the site of a Government experimental farm growing tobacco and hops. After World War II many European immigrants settled in the area and grew tobacco.
Today
The township is close to nearby Cheshunt, Victoria, and the localities of Rose River and Dandongadale. Local places of interest include Paradise Falls, Mount Cobbler, Power's Lookout, Lake William Hovell and Wabonga Plateau. Waterfalls, mountain streams, wildflowers and views of the Alps are features of the Wabonga Plateau-Mount Cobbler area of the Alpine National Park. There are tours and places of interest for day visitors as well as those staying longer. Bushwalking, 4WD touring and camping are offered in the area.
Mount Cobbler and the Wabonga Plateau area of the Alpine National Park are often approached from Whitfield. From Melbourne, Whitfield can be reached via the Hume Highway to Wangaratta or via the Maroondah Highway to Mansfield and then via Tolmie. Roads from Benalla, Mansfield and Myrtleford.
Whitfield has a number of facilities as the principal town of the upper King Valley. It has a hotel/pub, Cafe Whitty (coffee shop & food), police station, golf course and caravan park. It is home of the King Valley football team competing in the Ovens and King Football League.
Tragedy struck the township when the only general store in town (which had recently been taken over by new owners) was destroyed in a fire early in 2013.
Transport
There is a link between Whitfield and Melbourne's tourist railway Puffing Billy. In 1897 the Victorian Railways accepted the tender from the Baldwin Locomotive Works, Philadelphia, U.S.A. for narrow-gauge locomotives of the ‘A’ Class, (two 2 foot 6 inch-gauge locomotives) and the first two to be received were placed on the Whitfield/Wangaratta line construction project. Thus the line has the distinction of being the first narrow-gauge line to be built in Victoria. Some of the whistle stop name-boards such as Angleside, Claremont, Dwyer, Pieper and Jarrott can still be seen. There is now a bus service that has replaced the old train system, still taking the same route in and out of Wangaratta. The bus runs on Monday, Wednesday and Friday.
References
External links
Geoscience Australia Place names search: Whitfield
Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Towns in Central Hume
Rural City of Wangaratta |
4012519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201932%20Winter%20Olympics | Canada at the 1932 Winter Olympics | Canada competed at the 1932 Winter Olympics in Lake Placid, United States. Canada has competed at every Winter Olympic Games.
W. A. Hewitt served as chairman of the winter games sub-committee of the Canadian Olympic Committee. Committeemember W. A. Fry self-published a book covering Canadian achievements at the 1932 Winter Olympics and 1932 Summer Olympics. His 1933 book, Canada at the tenth Olympiad, 1932 : Lake Placid, New York, Feb. 4 to 13 - Los Angeles, California, July 30 to Aug. 14, was printed by the Dunnville Chronicle presses and dedicated to Canadian sportsperson Francis Nelson who died in 1932.
Medalists
Cross-country skiing
Men
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice hockey
The Canadian Olympic Committee selected the Winnipeg Hockey Club as the 1931 Allan Cup champions to represent Canada. Claude C. Robinson was chosen to oversee finances for the team, while W. A. Hewitt was named honorary manager. After the Winnipeg Hockey Club won the gold medal at the Olympics, Hewitt sought for future Canadian national teams at the Olympics to be the reigning Allan Cup champion team, strengthened with six additional players.
Top scorer
Nordic combined
Events:
18 km cross-country skiing
normal hill ski jumping
The cross-country skiing part of this event was combined with the main medal event of cross-country skiing. Those results can be found above in this article in the cross-country skiing section. Some athletes (but not all) entered in both the cross-country skiing and Nordic combined event, their time on the 18 km was used for both events.
The ski jumping (normal hill) event was held separate from the main medal event of ski jumping, results can be found in the table below.
Ski jumping
Speed skating
Men
References
Sources
Olympic Winter Games 1932, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1932 Winter Olympics
1932
Olympics, Winter |
4012523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20End%20Girls%20%28Canadian%20band%29 | West End Girls (Canadian band) | West End Girls were a Canadian pop band and girl group formed in 1990 in Vancouver, British Columbia.
History
The band was formed in Vancouver by producers John Dexter and John Livingston, and consisted of three teenaged girls, Camille Henderson, Aimee MacKenzie and Silvana Petrozzi. After several months of performing lessons with Henderson's father Bill Henderson, the lead singer of rock group Chilliwack, the trio recorded and released their debut album, West End Girls, on Johnny Jet Records in 1991. That album produced the Canadian Top 10 hits "Not Like Kissing You" and "I Want U Back" (a remake of the Jackson 5 hit), as well as the Top 40 singles "Say You'll Be Mine" and "Show Me The Way".
Petrozzi left the band in 1992, and was replaced by Janele Woodley. In 1993, shortly before the release of the group's second album, Henderson also left and was replaced by Celia-Louise Martin. In 1993, the band's new lineup released the album We Belong Together, which included the singles "R U Sexin' Me", "Pure", and "Sexy'". Their second album wasn't as successful as their first one and they broke up the following year. Shortly afterwards, the group's record label released a remix album of some of their earlier hits.
They received a Juno Award nomination for Most Promising New Group in 1992 and they also toured with Roxette on the Canadian leg of that group's 1992 Canadian tour.
MacKenzie later joined the Canadian R & B group D-Cru, and their single "Show Me" sampled the West End Girls single "Show Me The Way". She is now a swimsuit model.
Petrozzi/Kane later formed Pacifika with guitarist Adam Popowitz, bassist Toby Peter, and percussionist Elliot Polsky. Their first album, Asunción, was released in 2007 and their second, Super Magique, was released in 2010. Kane released a solo album, La Jardinera, in November 2012.
Henderson later toured extensively as a backing vocalist for Sarah McLachlan and performed lead vocals on Delerium's track "Duende". She is now a vocal coach.
Woodley later formed the pop rock duo A Perfect Day with Joseph Hrechka and they released the album All Over Everything in 2004.
Martin has done occasional acting gigs.
Discography
Albums
West End Girls, 1991 (Johnny Jet Records/A&M Records)
We Belong Together, 1993 (Johnny Jet Records/A&M Records)
Hits, Remixes and Other Cool Stuff, 1997 (Dexter Entertainment Group)
The Definitive Collection, 2000 (Dexter Entertainment Group)
Singles
Soundtrack use
In 1999, "Sexy" was featured in the beginning of lesbian cult classic movie Better Than Chocolate, as was "Pure (You're Touching Me)".
Cover Version
in 1992, Hong Kong singer Sammi Cheng covered say you'll be mine to Cantonese.
Musical groups established in 1990
Musical groups disestablished in 1994
Musical groups from Vancouver
Canadian pop music groups
Canadian girl groups
1990 establishments in British Columbia
1994 disestablishments in British Columbia |
4012530 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kushalanagar | Kushalanagar | Kushalanagara or Kushalnagar is a city located in the Kodagu district of the Indian state of Karnataka. Surrounded by Kaveri river, it is the gateway to Kodagu district. It also serves as the headquarters of Kushalanagar Taluk. By population, Kushalanagar is the second largest town in Kodagu district after Madikeri and the fastest developing city in the district. Kushalnagar is an important commercial centre in Kodagu.
Etymology
According to popular myth, the name was given by Hyder Ali who was camped there when he received news of the birth of his son Tipu and called it as Kushyal nagar (="town of gladness") But in reality, Tipu was born around 1750 while Hyder Ali entered Kodagu for the first time in the 1760s. After the British conquest of Coorg it was known as Fraserpet after Colonel James Stuart Fraser who was the Political Agent in Coorg around 1834.
Geography
Kushalanagar is located at . It has an average elevation of 844 metres (2726 feet).
Kushalanagar is situated in the eastern part of Kodagu district. The city is generally flat, although a few areas are hilly. Kaveri river surrounds the city in all directions except the west. It is roughly 85 kilometres west of Mysuru, 220 kilometres west of Bengaluru and 170 kilometres east of Mangaluru.
Demographics
India census, Kushalanagara had a population of 15,326. Males constitute 53% of the population and females 47%. Kushalanagar has an average literacy rate of 89.53%, higher than the state average of 75.36% male literacy is 82%, and female literacy is 73%. 12% of the population is under 6 years of age.
Kushalnagar along with its cluster of nearby villages including Mullusoge, Kudamangalore and Kudige form one of the most densely populated areas in the district with combined population of 39,393.
The conurbation of Kushalnagar measures nearly 35km2, making it largest urban settlement in the district.
Economy
Kushalnagar is an important commercial centre in Kodagu. KIADB Industrial Area is located in Kudloor of Kushalnagar where multiple coffee processing industries are located.
Education
Kushalanagara has an average literacy rate of 89%. The city has six private Schools, one government school (from kindergarten to degree), one polytechnic school, and an engineering college. A Sainik School is located in the outrange of the city, where students receive military training.
Transport
Kushalnagar has one government bus station that serves all intrastate and interstate regions. The city is also accessible via from Bengaluru and Mysore via transportation services or self-driving cars.
There is no railway service in Kodagu. A railway line from Mysuru to Kushalnagar has been planned but has been opposed by environmental activists. The nearest airport is at Mysore, and the nearest international airport is Kannur International Airport. The Airports Authority of India has proposed a construction of a new mini airport named Kushalnagar airport in the city to boost tourism from other parts of the state.
See also
Madikeri
Kaveri Nisargadhama
Mangalore
References
Cities and towns in Kodagu district |
4012531 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg%20Fediukov | Oleg Fediukov | Oleg Fediukov (; born October 20, 1972) is an American former competitive ice dancer. With Debbie Koegel, he is the 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medalist and a two-time (1999–2000) U.S. national bronze medalist.
Personal life
Fediukov was born on October 20, 1972 in Moscow. He moved to the United States on September 2, 1992. He became a U.S. citizen on January 19, 2000. He and Debbie Koegel are married and have three sons – Anton, born on October 20, 2002; Alec, born 2004; and Luka Sergei, born on September 23, 2008.
Career
Early career
Competing with Ekaterina Proskurina for the Soviet Union, Fediukov won the silver medal at the 1991 Grand Prix International St. Gervais. After moving to the United States, he skated one season with Julieanna Sacchetti, with whom he won the novice bronze medal at the 1993 U.S. Championships. He then competed for three seasons with Laura Gayton. Gayton/Fediukov won the 1994 U.S. national junior title and moved up to the senior level the following season. They placed eighth at the 1996 U.S. Championships.
Partnership with Koegel
Fediukov teamed up with Debbie Koegel in 1996. They finished sixth at the 1997 U.S. Championships. Koegel/Fediukov withdrew from the 1997 Karl Schäfer Memorial after the compulsory dances; a Swiss skater sliced Koegel's left biceps in a practice accident on October 16, 1997. The duo returned to the ice in December, training at the New England Figure Skating Club in Marlboro, Massachusetts. A month later, they placed sixth at the 1998 U.S. Championships.
After winning the silver medal at the 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy, Koegel/Fediukov debuted on the Grand Prix series, placing 8th at the 1998 Skate Canada International and tenth at the 1998 Trophée Lalique. They were awarded the bronze medal at the 1999 U.S. Championships. They were coached by Uschi Keszler and Robbie Kane at Ice Works FSC in Aston, Pennsylvania.
The following season, Koegel/Fediukov again received two Grand Prix invitations; they placed sixth at the 1999 Skate Canada International but had to withdraw from the 1999 Cup of Russia due to a visa problem. The duo repeated as national bronze medalists at the 2000 U.S. Championships. They withdrew from the 2001 U.S. Championships due to a knee injury that Fediukov incurred in the compulsory dance. After Koegel sustained a shoulder injury, the two decided to retire from competition.
Programs
(with Koegel)
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix
With Proskurina for the Soviet Union
For the United States
With Sacchetti
With Gayton
With Koegel
References
1972 births
American male ice dancers
Soviet male ice dancers
Living people
People with acquired American citizenship
Russian emigrants to the United States
Sportspeople from Moscow |
4012534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleipner-class%20destroyer | Sleipner-class destroyer | The Sleipner class was a class of six destroyers built for the Royal Norwegian Navy from 1936 until the German invasion in 1940. The design was considered advanced for its time, and it was the first class of vessels for the Norwegian Navy that used aluminium in the construction of the bridge, the mast and the outer funnel. Extra strength special steel was used in the construction of the hull. Unlike the earlier the Sleipner class had comparatively good capabilities in both main guns, anti-aircraft artillery and anti-submarine weapons. The class was named after Sleipnir, the eight-legged horse of Odin.
Armament
The armament within the class varied slightly. Æger had the armament listed in the article info-box. Sleipner, the lead ship of the class, carried just two 10 cm guns and could not elevate them for use as anti-aircraft weapons. Gyller had two extra torpedo tubes, for a total of four. Odin had a 20 mm anti aircraft gun instead of a 40 mm. Balder and Tor had not been finished when the Germans attacked, and it is not known if any changes in armament were planned.
Although classified by the Norwegians as destroyers they have been widely regarded as torpedo boats because of their displacement and armament.
Fates
The vessels had quite different fates. Æger was bombed by German planes on 9 April 1940, and wrecked with loss of life. Sleipner was in Norwegian service throughout World War II, and was kept in service until 1959. Gyller and Odin were captured by the Germans in 1940 at Kristiansand. Balder and Tor were captured unfinished at the shipyard and put into German service after completion.
Gyller and Odin were returned to the Royal Norwegian Navy after the war and kept in service until 1959. Finished by the Germans, Balder and Tor were used by them until the end of the war in 1945. Balder was scrapped in 1952, Tor in 1959.
The Germans re-classed the ships as Torpedoboot Ausland and renamed them: Gyller to Löwe, Odin to Panther, Balder to Leopard, and Tor to Tiger.
In 1945 Löwe was one of the escorts to the Wilhelm Gustloff on her last voyage. The Wilhelm Gustloff was torpedoed and sank with a great loss of life. During the sinking, Löwe came alongside and rescued 472 of her passengers and crew.
Ship list
Footnotes
References
Literature
Destroyer classes |
4012535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ware%20Group | Ware Group | The Ware Group was a covert organization of Communist Party USA operatives within the United States government in the 1930s, run first by Harold Ware (1889–1935) and then by Whittaker Chambers (1901–1961) after Ware's accidental death on August 13, 1935.
History
Background
Harold Ware founded this group under the auspices of J. Peters by Summer 1933. Ware was a Communist Party (CP) official working for the federal government in Washington, D.C.
The first known meeting of the Ware Group occurred in late 1933 with eight members: John Abt, Henry Collins, Alger Hiss, Victor Perlo, Lee Pressman, Nathaniel Weyl, and Nathan Witt.
Initially, Peters instructed that members make "exceptional money sacrifices" to the Party, study Marxist theory and Party doctrine, observe "strictest secrecy," and to obtain "any government documents" available to them. (Known members later claimed that it was merely a Marxist study group.)
Known active years
By 1934, the group had grown to some 75 members, divided into cells. Members initially joined Marxist study groups and then into activities on behalf of the Party. They shared a belief that Marxist ideologies were the correct way to approach the problems of the ongoing Great Depression. Chambers also stated that Ware could have been acting "pursuant to orders from the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the United States."
The Ware group started among young lawyers and economists hired by the Agricultural Adjustment Administration (AAA). This New Deal agency reported to the Secretary of Agriculture but was operated independently of Department of Agriculture bureaucracy. All the members of the Ware Group were dues paying members of the Communist Party. J. Peters considered the Ware Group one of his major sources of income. Nathaniel Weyl felt that members of the Ware Group were acquiring "the training in the complex business of running a state that would be in high demand and short supply when the United States chose Socialism" and that "in a Communist regime they would be poised to move to the head of the table."
Ware died of injuries sustained in an automobile accident near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, in August 1935. J. Peters, who had introduced Whittaker Chambers to Harold Ware the year before, placed Chambers in charge of the Ware Group.
Chambers claimed that members of the group joined other "apparatuses" under his leadership.
The group may have folded as such upon Chambers' defection from the Soviet underground in 1938. Some members seemed to have joined other groups, as attested by Elizabeth Bentley, including Victor Perlo and George Silverman.
Hiss Case
On July 31, 1948. Bentley testified before the House Un-American Activities Committee (HUAC) regarding those Soviet spy rings of which she was aware. She named Chambers as someone who might corroborate. On August 3, 1948, Chambers testified under subpoena before HUAC about the existence of what he called the "Ware Group".
During August 1948, the only remaining member who continued to face serious investigation was Alger Hiss, who was convicted in January 1950 on two counts of perjury.
Corroboration
In the early 1950s, two members corroborated at least some of Chambers' account:
1950: Lee Pressman: Testified to Congress and confirmed his membership in the Ware Group, though denied that Hiss was a member.
1952: Nathaniel Weyl: Also testified and confirmed his membership in the group, as well as saying that Hiss had been a fellow member.
By 1958, Stanford University professor Herbert L. Packer noted that "the others named as members of the Ware group have consistently invoked the fifth amendment when questioned about Communist affiliations."
Packer also noted that "Hiss obliquely recognizes the fact of the Ware group's existence, but relies on the post-trial testimony of Pressman to establish that he was not a member. Indeed, that testimony was one of the grounds relied on in his motion for new trial."
During the 1990s, two more members admitted their membership in respective memoirs:
1993: John Abt: Wrote in his memoirs that the Ware Group was a Communist Party unit and that he had been a member.
1994: Hope Hale Davis: Acknowledged in her memoir that the Ware Group was a CPUSA unit and that she had known most of the people Chambers had named as fellow Communists and unit members.
Members
Alleged members of the Ware Group included:
J. Peters
Harold Ware
Whittaker Chambers
John Abt
Lee Pressman
George Silverman
Victor Perlo
Alger Hiss
Charles Kramer
Nathan Witt
Henry Collins
Marion Bachrach
John Herrmann
Nathaniel Weyl
Donald Hiss
Hope Hale Davis
Harry Dexter White, then Director of the Division of Monetary Research in the United States Department of the Treasury, was also allegedly affiliated with the group.
Legacy
In 1958, Packer recommended "...Inquiry should also extend to the loose ends. Each of the persons named by Chambers as a member of the Ware group should be required to tell what he knows."
Such inquiry has not occurred to date, though in 2011 Thomas L. Sakmyster's book Red Conspirator about J. Peters included extensive discussion about the Ware Group.
See also
Harold Ware
J. Peters
Whittaker Chambers
Nathan Witt
John Abt
Lee Pressman
Alger Hiss
George Silverman
Victor Perlo
Hope Hale Davis
Elizabeth Bentley
References
Sources
Further reading
Caballero, Raymond. McCarthyism vs. Clinton Jencks. Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 2019.
Espionage in the United States
Activists from New York City
Members of the Communist Party USA
Lawyers who have represented the United States government
American civil servants
American spies for the Soviet Union
Communist Party USA |
4012537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debbie%20Koegel | Debbie Koegel | Debbie Koegel (born February 28, 1977) is an American former competitive ice dancer. With Oleg Fediukov, she is the 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy silver medalist and a two-time (1999–2000) U.S. national bronze medalist.
Personal life
Koegel was born on February 28, 1977 in Norristown, Pennsylvania. She attended Schuylkill Grade School. She and Oleg Fediukov are married and have three sons – Anton, born on October 20, 2002; Alec, born on August 1, 2004; and Luka Sergei, born on September 23, 2008.
Career
Koegel began skating at age eleven at a rink near King of Prussia, Pennsylvania. She placed 15th with Michael Sklutovsky at the 1996 U.S. Championships.
Partnership with Fediukov
Koegel teamed up with Fediukov in 1996. They finished sixth with him at the 1997 U.S. Championships. Koegel/Fediukov withdrew from the 1997 Karl Schäfer Memorial after the compulsory dances; a Swiss skater sliced Koegel's left biceps in a practice accident on October 16, 1997. The duo returned to the ice in December, training at the New England Figure Skating Club in Marlboro, Massachusetts. A month later, they placed sixth at the 1998 U.S. Championships.
After winning the silver medal at the 1998 Nebelhorn Trophy, Koegel/Fediukov debuted on the Grand Prix series, placing 8th at the 1998 Skate Canada International and tenth at the 1998 Trophée Lalique. They were awarded the bronze medal at the 1999 U.S. Championships. They were coached by Uschi Keszler and Robbie Kane at Ice Works FSC in Aston, Pennsylvania.
The following season, Koegel/Fediukov again received two Grand Prix invitations; they placed sixth at the 1999 Skate Canada International but had to withdraw from the 1999 Cup of Russia due to a visa problem. The duo repeated as national bronze medalists at the 2000 U.S. Championships. They withdrew from the 2001 U.S. Championships due to a knee injury that Fediukov incurred in the compulsory dance. After Koegel sustained a shoulder injury, the two decided to retire from competition.
Post-competitive career
Koegel became a real estate agent and part-time skating coach. She has coached in Pennsylvania and other locations.
Programs
(with Fediukov)
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix
With Sklutovsky
With Fediukov
References
1977 births
Living people
People from Norristown, Pennsylvania
American female ice dancers
21st-century American women |
4012542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worsley%20Works | Worsley Works | Worsley Works, is a manufacturer of kits for model railway carriages and locomotives, owned and run from Worsley, near Manchester, England UK, by Allen Doherty.
Worsley Works is well known in the finescale modelling world, especially in less-popular scales, including British HO scale and 3mm-scale models along with various kits for Narrow Gauge railways, particularly OO9 and OOn3.
Assembly of Worsley Works kits, like for most other kits that comprise only etched components, is challenging. Worsley specialises in what are described as 'scratch aid' kits, indicating that the kits are not intended to build complete models in themselves, but rather to provide the essential components to assist the process of scratch building. By manufacturing only the etched brass or nickel silver components of the models, the company is able to produce a wide range of kits in many scales. They have also taken on many commissions including a Metropolitan 4-4-4T recently.
References
External links
Worsley Works – Official website.
Model railroad manufacturers
Model manufacturers of the United Kingdom |
4012556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20Scared%20Stupid | Ernest Scared Stupid | Ernest Scared Stupid is a 1991 American comedy horror film directed by John Cherry and starring Jim Varney. It is the fifth film to feature the character Ernest P. Worrell. In the film, Ernest unwittingly unleashes an evil troll upon a small town on Halloween night and helps the local children fight back. It was shot in Nashville, Tennessee like its predecessors Dr. Otto and the Riddle of the Gloom Beam, Ernest Goes to Camp, Ernest Saves Christmas, and Ernest Goes to Jail.
Due to its modest gross of $14,143,280 at the U.S. box office, Disney opted not to continue the franchise, making this the fourth and final Ernest film to be released under the Disney label Touchstone Pictures. All future Ernest films were independently produced, and following the financial failure of Ernest Rides Again, the films shifted to a straight-to-video market.
Its opening credits feature a montage of clips from various horror and science fiction films, including Nosferatu (1922), White Zombie (1932), Phantom from Space (1953), The Brain from Planet Arous (1957), The Screaming Skull (1958), Missile to the Moon (1958), The Hideous Sun Demon (1958), The Giant Gila Monster (1959), The Killer Shrews (1959), Battle Beyond the Sun (1959), and The Little Shop of Horrors (1960).
Plot
In the late 19th century, the demonic troll Trantor transforms children, into wooden dolls to feast upon their energy in Briarville, Missouri. The townsfolk capture him and seal him under an oak tree, with Phineas Worrell, one of the village elders and an ancestor of Ernest P. Worrell, establishing the seal. Trantor vengefully places a curse on the Worrell family, stating that he can only be released on the night before Halloween by a Worrell. As part of the curse, every generation of Worrells will get "dumber and dumber and dumber", until the dumbest member of the family is foolish enough to release him from his earthly prison.
One hundred years later, Ernest, a sanitation worker, helps a few of his middle school friends, Kenny Binder, Elizabeth and Joey, construct a treehouse in the same tree that unknowingly contains the dormant creature, after the mayor's sons demolished their own cardboard haunted house. When Old Lady Hackmore discovers this, she angrily leaves. Following her, Ernest learns the story of Trantor and idiotically reports it to the kids. Inadvertently, Ernest releases the troll. Joey is walking home from the treehouse when he hears something rustling through the trees. Joey slowly walks and slips down in a muddy hole. Trantor grabs Joey's wrist and turns him into a wooden doll. Ernest finds Kenny's dad, Sheriff Cliff Binder, and explains the situation but Binder does not believe him. After none of the townsfolk will assist Ernest because of the upcoming Halloween party, he mounts a one-man (and one-dog) defense operation in preparation for Trantor's appearance. Meanwhile, Trantor captures a boy on a skateboard as his second victim.
Tom and Bobby Tulip, hoping to exploit Ernest, sell him various fake troll traps, but one backfires on the mayor's sons and Ernest loses his job. Ernest, Kenny and Elizabeth return to Hackmore, where they learn that only "the heart of a child, and a mother's care" can defeat the troll. Later that night, Trantor claims Elizabeth as his third victim as he sneaks into her house while she is resting on her bed.
While Kenny and his friend Gregg are walking, Trantor uses Elizabeth's voice to lure Kenny away, then takes Gregg as a fourth victim. Despite parents being upset at their missing children, Mayor Murdock and Sheriff Binder still proceed with a Halloween party at the school, believing the missing children will be there. Trantor appears there and takes the mayor's oldest son as his fifth and final wooden doll. In the ensuing fight between Trantor and Ernest, Trantor turns Ernest's dog Rimshot into a wooden doll before being repelled by soft-serve ice cream on Ernest's hands. Kenny realizes that "mother's care" refers to milk and rallies a troll-fighting team to destroy them.
Back at the treehouse, Trantor successfully summons his army of trolls while Ernest unsuccessfully tries to stop them. The townspeople show up, only for the trolls to overwhelm and beat them up. Kenny and his friends arrive and begin destroying the trolls with milk. During the fight, Trantor escapes beneath the tree where he summons the powers of the underworld, making him invincible, especially to milk. Enraged, Kenny unsuccessfully tries to destroy Trantor, who also turns Kenny into a doll. With the other townsfolk now backing him up and telling him to douse Trantor in milk, Ernest realizes that milk weakened the troll children, while unconditional love ("the heart of a child") would weaken Trantor himself. He takes Trantor and dances with him while the mob watches, overloading him with love, and finally kisses his snot-ridden nose, causing Trantor to explode.
With Trantor's destruction, Ernest is proclaimed a hero. All of the wooden dolls are restored, including those from the early 19th century, and life returns to normal. Sheriff Binder apologizes to his son for doubting him and Ernest. Ernest is happy that his dog is also back to normal.
Cast
Jim Varney as Ernest P. Worrell, Bunny Worrell, Auntie Nelda, and others
Eartha Kitt as Francis "Old Lady" Hackmore
Austin Nagler as Kenny Binder
Shay Astar as Elizabeth
Alec Klapper as Joey
John Cadenhead as Tom Tulip
Bill Byrge as Bobby Tulip
Richard Woolf as Matt Murdock
Nick Victory as Mike Murdock
Jonas Moscartolo as Trantor
Ernie Fosselius as Trantor (voice)
Daniel Butler as Sheriff Cliff Binder
Esther Huston as Amanda Binder
Larry Black as Mayor Murdock
Denice Hicks as Elizabeth's mother
Jackie Welch as Teacher
Barkley as Rimshot
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has a score of 17% based on 6 reviews.
The horror blog A Boos/Booze Situation compared the film to Hocus Pocus which also received a poor box office showing but was cemented as a cult classic. In addition, the blog praised the scene in which a girl discovers the troll in her bed, claiming that it has a strong reputation for terrifying young viewers. Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert reviewed the film on their movie review show “Siskel & Ebert At the Movies”. Both of them gave thumbs down, calling it a film with Jim Varney “mugging his way through a dumb script.”
Ken Hanke of the Mountain Xpress (Asheville, North Carolina) wrote the film was “not good”, but that it was “kind of likable”.
Home media
The film had its first DVD release from Touchstone Home Entertainment on September 3, 2002. Mill Creek Entertainment re-released it on DVD on January 18, 2011, as part of the two-disc set Ernest Triple Feature along with Ernest Goes to Camp and Ernest Goes to Jail. Its third re-release was on May 10, 2011, as an individual film.
References
External links
1991 films
1990s comedy horror films
1990s fantasy films
1990s monster movies
American children's comedy films
American comedy horror films
American monster movies
Children's horror films
1990s English-language films
Ernest P. Worrell films
American films about Halloween
Films about trolls
Films directed by John R. Cherry III
Films featuring puppetry
Films shot in Tennessee
Touchstone Pictures films
1991 comedy films
Films set in Missouri |
4012559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201924%20Winter%20Olympics | Canada at the 1924 Winter Olympics | Canada competed at the 1924 Winter Olympics in Chamonix, France. They won one gold medal, in ice hockey.
Medalists
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice hockey
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) chose the Toronto Granites as the 1923 Allan Cup champions to represent Canada in ice hockey at the 1924 Winter Olympics, and W. A. Hewitt was chosen oversee the national team's finances at the Olympics. Hewitt was empowered by the CAHA to name replacement players as needed, and recruited Harold McMunn and Cyril Slater as replacements when four players from the Granites were unable to travel to the Olympics. In his weekly report to the Toronto Daily Star, Hewitt wrote that the Granites would face multiple changes in conditions compared to hockey games in Canada. He did not feel the team would be affected by playing outdoors on natural ice in the morning or afternoon, despite that the team was accustomed to playing indoors with electric lighting on artificial ice. He also felt that the larger ice surface and lack of boards around the sides of the rink would mean more stick handling and less physical play.
During the Olympics, Hewitt attended the annual meeting and elections for the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG). Since its rules stated that one of the vice-presidents must be from North America, Hewitt and United States Amateur Hockey Association president William S. Haddock opted for a coin toss, which decided that Haddock was elected to the position. When the Olympics organizers wanted to select hockey referees by drawing names out of a hat, Hewitt and Haddock agreed to another coin toss to decide on the referee for the game between Canada and the United States men's national team. Hewitt feared having an inexperienced referee for the game, and his suggested to have LIHG president Paul Loicq officiate the game was confirmed by the coin toss. The Granites defeated the United States team by a 6–1 score, and won all six games played to be the Olympic gold medallists.
Group A
The top two teams (highlighted) advanced to the medal round.
Medal round
Results from the group round (Canada-Sweden and United States-Great Britain) carried forward to the medal round.
Top scorer
Speed skating
Men
All-round
Distances: 500m; 1000m; 5000m & 10,000m.
References
Sources
Olympic Winter Games 1924, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1924 Winter Olympics
1924
Olympics, Winter |
4012565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TMF%20Flanders | TMF Flanders | TMF was a Belgian pay television channel whose programming was centred towards pop music videoclips. TMF was operated by Viacom International Media Networks.
Originally an abbreviation of "The Music Factory", the channel was launched as TMF Vlaanderen in 1998, mainly due to the success of the eponymous Dutch music television channel. The station began broadcasting on October 3, 1998.
The recordings of TMF Flanders occurred mainly in the Eurocam Media Center in Lint, there was until mid-2013 also established the parent company.
History
TMF Flanders was launched on October 3, 1998. On October 5, 2015, Viacom announced that TMF will stop broadcasting om November 1, 2015. Thereby two Flemish youth channels (TMF and competitor JIM) disappeared in a short time. From November 1, 2015 Comedy Central took over the whole channel. Thereby the last TMF stopped and the brand completely disappeared.
See also
The Music Factory
References
External links
TMF Vlaanderen
Official Facebook page
Official Twitter page
Official Netlog page
Official Vimeo page
Music television channels
Television channels in Flanders
Television channels in Belgium
Television channels and stations established in 1998
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015
Music organisations based in the Netherlands |
4012574 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guido%20Hatzis | Guido Hatzis | Guido Hatzis is a Greek-Australian comic character created by Australian comedians Tony Moclair and Julian Schiller and voiced by Moclair. Guido appeared originally on Schiller and Moclair's radio program "Crud" on the Australian Radio Network Triple M. Most of Guido's comedy involves making prank calls that are usually centred on outrageous claims about his looks and abilities, Greek stereotypes, and extreme bluntness.
History
Moclair appropriated the last name "Hatzis" from friend and sometime producer of the "Crud" program, fellow broadcaster and actor Chris Hatzis; Chris Hatzis, Julian Schiller and Tony Moclair are alumni of the Breakfasters on Melbourne's 3RRR. Chris Hatzis based the character on fellow school friend Paul Catelaris aka "Pauly", a Greek man who migrated to Melbourne from Athens in the late 1980s.
In 2000, Guido also appeared in the music video "Always Be with You" by Australian band Human Nature as a guest in a nightclub with Human Nature performing, later in the video, during the performance he calls band member Phil (Burton), on his mobile phone, interrupting the performance, to tell them their dancing is terrible, and proceeds to show them humorous dance moves.
Guido Hatzis currently has a YouTube channel with more recent prank calls, an Instagram account, a Twitter account and a Facebook account.
Discography
Studio albums
Awards
ARIA Music Awards
The ARIA Music Awards is an annual awards ceremony that recognises excellence, innovation, and achievement across all genres of Australian music. Guido Hatiz has won two awards from two nominations.
!
|-
| 2000
| Do Not Talk Over Me
| rowspan="2"| ARIA Award for Best Comedy Release
|
| rowspan="2"|
|-
| 2001
| Whatever...
|
|-
References
ARIA Award winners
Australian male comedians
Prank calling
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
4012580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20P%C3%A9rez%20Alvarado | Miguel Pérez Alvarado | Miguel Pérez Alvarado (born 1979 in Las Palmas, Gran Canaria, Spain) is a Spanish poet.
Between 1997 and 2003, he studied journalism and political science in Madrid. He currently writes from Canary Islands.
His writing, whatever the genre, intends to strain thinking and language poetic nature to its mutual indistinctibility.
Following his first book in 2001 (Teoría de la Luz) he has published several poem books and essays and has edited diverse authors works. Besides, an anthology of his writings and works have been published in diverse papers such as Caliban, 2C-La Opinión de Tenerife, Cuadernos del Matemático, ABC-Cultural, Piedra y Cielo Digital, La Revue des Belles-Lettres, Revista Fogal, Cultura la Provincia y la Revista de la Academia Canaria de la Lengua.
In 2000, he was awarded the Tomás Morales Poetry Prize for his book Teoría de la luz - amor mas vivo, establishing him as one of the promising young talents of Canarian poetry.
Notes
The prize is awarded biennially by to Casa-Museo Tomás Morales in Gran Canaria to commemorate the 19th-Century Canarian poet Tomás Morales .
1979 births
Living people
People from Las Palmas
Writers from the Canary Islands |
4012583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uruguayan%20Portuguese | Uruguayan Portuguese | Uruguayan Portuguese (, ), also known as () and Riverense, and referred to by its speakers as (), is a variety of Portuguese with heavy influence from Rioplatense Spanish. It is spoken in north-eastern Uruguay, near the Brazilian border, mainly in the region of the twin cities of Rivera (Uruguay) and Santana do Livramento (Brazil). This section of the frontier is called ("Border of Peace"), because there is no legal obstacle to crossing the border between the two countries.
The varieties of Uruguayan Portuguese share many similarities with the countryside dialects of the southern Brazilian state of Rio Grande do Sul, such as the denasalization of final unstressed nasal vowels, replacement of lateral palatal with semivowel , no raising of final unstressed , alveolar trill instead of the guttural R, and lateral realization of coda instead of L-vocalization.
Recent changes in Uruguayan Portuguese include the urbanization of this variety, acquiring characteristics from urban Brazilian Portuguese such as distinction between and , affrication of and before and , and other features of Brazilian broadcast media.
History
The origin of Portuguese in Uruguay can be traced back to the time of the dominion of the kingdoms of Spain and Portugal, and the Empire of Brazil. In those times, the ownership of those lands was not very well defined, passing back and forth from the hands of one crown to the other. Before its independence after the Cisplatine War in 1828, Uruguay was one of the provinces of the Empire of Brazil.
Portuguese was the only language spoken throughout northern Uruguay until the end of the 19th century. To assure the homogeneity of the newly formed country, the government made an effort to impose the Spanish language into lusophone communities through educational policies and language planning, and the bilingualism became widespread and diglossic.
Phonology
Vowels
Consonants
See also
Differences between Spanish and Portuguese
References
Bibliography
CARVALHO, Ana Maria. Variation and diffusion of Uruguayan Portuguese in a bilingual border town, by Ana Maria Carvalho, University of California at Berkeley USA. (PDF)
(PDF)
Nicolás Brian, Claudia Brovetto, Javier Geymonat, Portugués del Uruguay y educación bilingüe
[Contains a section on Portuñol].
External links
Page about Uruguayan Portunhol (in Portuguese) at Unicamp - University of Campinas, São Paulo (in Portuguese)
Adolfo Elizaincín website
Portuñol, a new language that is gaining popularity among people who live close to the borders of Brazil and its neighboring Spanish-speaking countries
Portuguese dialects
Portuguese language in the Americas
Languages of Uruguay
Languages of Brazil
Rivera Department
Brazil–Uruguay border |
4012604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nadira%20%28actress%29 | Nadira (actress) | Florence Ezekiel (5 December 1932 – 9 February 2006), known professionally as Nadira, was an Indian actress who worked in the Hindi film industry. She appeared in films from the 1950s and 1960s, including Aan (1952), Shree 420 (1955), Pakeezah (1972), and Julie (1975), which won her the Filmfare Best Supporting Actress Award.
Early life
Ezekiel was born on 5 December 1932 in Baghdad, Iraq, into a Baghdadi Jewish family. When she was an infant, her family migrated from Baghdad to Bombay in search of business opportunities. She had two brothers, one of whom lives in the United States and another in Israel. Ezekiel never married.
Career
Ezekiel's first appearance in cinema was in the 1943 Hindi-language film Mauj when she was 10 or 11 years of age.
Her first major opportunity came from Sardar Akhtar, wife of film director Mehboob Khan, in the film Aan (1952); her role as a Rajput princess in the film marked her rise to cinematic prominence. In 1955, she played a rich socialite named Maya in Shree 420. She played pivotal roles in a number of films such as Dil Apna Aur Preet Parai (1960), Pakeezah (1972), Hanste Zakhm (1973), and Amar Akbar Anthony (1977); she worked alongside Shammi Kapoor in Sipahsalar (1956). She was often cast as a temptress or vamp, and played opposite the chaste heroines that were favoured at the time by the Hindi film industry.
Ezekiel won a Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress, for her role in the 1975 film Julie. During the 1980s and 1990s, she entered a new phase of her career, playing elderly women as a supporting actress. Her last role was in the film Josh (2000). Due to her Western attire, her character in most of her critically acclaimed movies was Christian or Anglo-Indian.
She was among the highest-paid actresses during her career, and was one of the first Indian actresses to own a Rolls-Royce.
Personal life
In her later years, Ezekiel lived alone in Mumbai, India, as many of her relatives had moved to Israel. In the last three years before her death, she had been residing in her condominium with only a housekeeper assistant. On 24 January 2006, she suffered a cardiac arrest and was admitted to a hospital in a semi-comatose state; she had multiple existing health problems, including tubercular meningitis, alcoholic liver disorder, and paralysis.
Ezekiel died on 9 February 2006, at the age of 73, at the Bhatia Hospital in Tardeo, Mumbai, following a prolonged illness. , she is survived by two brothers who each live in the United States and Israel.
Filmography
References
External links
2006 deaths
1932 births
Actresses in Hindi cinema
Indian film actresses
Indian Jews
Jewish actresses
20th-century Indian actresses
21st-century Indian actresses
Baghdadi Jews
Mizrahi Jews
Filmfare Awards winners |
4012610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tharizdun | Tharizdun | In the Dungeons & Dragons fantasy roleplaying game, Tharizdun () is the god of Eternal Darkness, Decay, Entropy, Malign Knowledge, Insanity, and Cold. He originated in the World of Greyhawk campaign setting but has since also appeared in other settings.
He was imprisoned ages ago by a coalition of deities to prevent the destruction of existence itself. Although imprisoned, Tharizdun still has a degree of his original multiverse-threatening power. His holy symbols are a dark spiral rune and a two-tiered inverted ziggurat known as an obex. His holy number is 333.
Publication history
Created by Gary Gygax based on Robert J. Kuntz's dark god "Tharzduun", Tharizdun first appeared in the module Forgotten Temple of Tharizdun. He would later appear in Gygax's series of Gord novels. Writer Michal Tresca speculated that Tharizdun might have been inspired by Clark Ashton Smith's Demon Lord and ruler of the Seven Hells, Thasaidon, who appeared first in The Tomb-Spawn, Weird Tales, Vol. 23, No. 5, May 1934.
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)
Tharizdun's existence was first revealed in the module The Forgotten Temple of Tharizdun (1982), by Gary Gygax. Tharizdun was subsequently detailed in the World of Greyhawk Fantasy Game Setting (1983).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)
Tharizdun was one of the deities described in the From the Ashes set (1992), for the Greyhawk campaign, and appeared again in Greyhawk: The Adventure Begins (1998).
His role in the cosmology of the Planescape campaign setting was described in On Hallowed Ground (1996).
Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2003)
Tharizdun's role in the 3rd edition Greyhawk setting was defined in the Living Greyhawk Gazetteer (2000).
He was a central figure in the module Return to the Temple of Elemental Evil (2001).
Tharizdun was one of the deities detailed in Dragon #294 (2002), in the article "Beings of Power: Four Gods of Greyhawk."
Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007)
Tharizdun's priesthood is detailed for this edition in Complete Divine (2004). Details of his worship by various aberrations was detailed in Lords of Madness (2005).
Tharizdun's prison dimension was detailed in Dragon #353 (2007).
Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)
Tharizdun appears as one of the deities described in the Dungeon Master's Guide (2008) for this edition. He is rarely referred to by name and usually referred to as the Chained God. The other gods imprisoned him after he used a shard of pure evil to create the Abyss. Tharizdun is worshiped mostly by rogue drow, genasi cultists and elementals, who call him the Elder Elemental Eye, falsely believing that he is a primordial and not a god. Unlike earlier editions, he has no particular affinity for aberrations and his alignment is Chaotic Evil, rather than Neutral Evil.
Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014–present)
Tharizdun is mentioned twice in the Player's Handbook (2014). He is listed as an example Otherworldly Patron for warlocks who make a pact with a Great Old One. He is then listed under the Greyhawk pantheon as Tharizdun, god of eternal darkness, Chaotic Evil, with the Trickery suggested Domain and either a dark spiral or inverted ziggurat as his holy symbols. Tharizdun is also mentioned in the Dungeon Master's Guide (2014), this time listed as a member of the Dawn War pantheon in the Nentir Vale setting and is listed as Tharizdun, god of madness, Chaotic Evil, with the Trickery suggested Domain and a jagged counter-clockwise spiral listed as his holy symbol.
In the adventure module Princes of the Apocalypse (2015), the four different elemental cults are attempting to release Tharizdun.
Tharizdun is listed as one of the elder evils in Mordenkainen's Tome of Foes (2018). Tharizdun is listed as a member of the Betrayer Gods for the Exandria setting in the sourcebook Explorer's Guide to Wildemount (2020) where he is also known as the Chained Oblivion. His provinces are darkness and destruction.
Fictional description
Tharizdun was described in Dragon #294 as a pitch-black, roiling, amorphous form. As the Dark God, he is described as an incorporeal wraithform, black and faceless. Gary Gygax described Tharizdun as a "primordial deity, that of matter at rest and decay of energy, viz. entropy."
Tharizdun has been depicted on the cover of Gygax's Gord the Rogue novel Come Endless Darkness as a huge, bald, humanoid man, with claws, greenish-black skin, and pointed ears. Gygax said that in the Gord novels, "the worst and most terrible of Tharizdun's forms could come into full power and attack".
Tharizdun's "free" holy symbol is a "black sun with variegated rays". His second holy symbol of an inverted ziggurat indicates that the work of those who bound him would be overturned, according to Gygax.
Other aspects
Tharizdun is sometimes worshiped as an entity called the Elder Elemental Eye (a being similar to Ghaunadaur), but few of these worshipers recognize the two as being the same entity. Gygax himself indicated that the two creatures were separate beings. The Elder Elemental God is described as a huge, mottled, tentacled being, or as a pillar of vast elemental force with a body of burning magma, radiating steam.
Fictional history
Some say that Tharizdun originated in the Far Realm or in a previous universe. Tharizdun was imprisoned eons ago by the forebears of those beings known as the Great Powers, although it is said that Pelor was also involved. It's said that both good and evil deities worked together to ensure his imprisonment. As the Dark God, he is credited with the corruption of the Seelie Court. Through the Scorpion Crown, he is said to have destroyed the ancient kingdom of Sulm.
Tharizdun was imprisoned long ago, but his prison may weaken at times, allowing his influence to creep out into the worlds beyond. Tharizdun's temple in the Yatils is thought to have been originally defeated with the aid of the legendary Six from Shadow.
Artifacts
Tharizdun has many known artifacts. "One" that is known is actually many: a collection of gems known as the 333 Gems of Tharizdun. Their current location is unknown, but it is certain that the collection was split up long ago. Other artifacts associated with Tharizdun include the horn known as the Wailer of Tharizdun, the thermophagic sword Druniazth, and the Spear of Sorrow. The Scorpion Crown was gifted by him to the last king of Sulm. Still another artifact, the Weeping Hexagram, is in the hands of the Scarlet Brotherhood.
In Gary Gygax's Gord the Rogue Series, there were a set of three artifacts known as the Theoparts, which, combined, could free Tharizdun. Each Theopart represented one of the shades of evil (i.e., neutral, lawful, or chaotic.)
Realm
The Demiplane of Imprisonment is hidden somewhere in the depths of the Ethereal Plane, resembling a swollen, crystalline cyst nearly a mile in diameter. The ethereal substance surrounding the demiplane boils with the dreamscapes of Tharizdun's worshipers and others whose dreams the dark god invades. Within the prison, Tharizdun dreams of a multiverse where his goals succeeded, where he destroyed all of Creation and rebuilt it in his own foul image. The binding magic is less concerned with preventing his escape - which he could accomplish with ease should he discover the truth - but to prevent any outside source from informing him otherwise.
Relationships
It is believed that Tharizdun has no allies, given his desire to destroy the entire universe. Should he ever escape from his prison, it is thought that even the most evil of deities would work with their good counterparts to return Tharizdun to his prison. However, the Dark God has been known to work his will secretly by employing various demons (with or without their knowledge) to do his bidding. Examples of fiends so used include Iuz and Zuggtmoy, and the Princes of Elemental Evil.
On Oerth, Tharizdun is particularly opposed by Pelor and Boccob.
Shothragot
Tharizdun created an avatar called Shothragot at the time of the Twin Cataclysms. The avatar was thought to have been destroyed, but in reality it only went into dormancy. Recently freed, Shothragot hopes to collect the 333 gems of Tharizdun and set its master free.
Fourth Edition
In the Fourth Edition Monster Manual, Tharizdun is described as creating the Abyss and the demons that live there by corrupting a portion of the elemental chaos using a shard of pure evil. For this, all the other gods (good, unaligned and evil alike) banded together to seal him away. Fourth Edition's Dungeon Master's Guide states that Tharizdun is not mentioned by name in the Player's Handbook or in the Monster Manual due to the fact that his existence is not widely known to mortals. Those who do know of Tharizdun refer to him euphemistically as the Chained God. Most of Tharizdun's followers are elementals or have ties to elementals, and refer to him as the Elder Elemental Eye. The majority of the Elder Elemental Eye's cultists (including Tharizdun's exarchs) don't even know he is a god, thinking him instead to be a powerful primordial. The 4th edition Tharizdun is not associated with aberrations, and the location of his prison is not known.
In the Dungeons and Dragons Novel Series "Abyssal Plague", Tharizdun's prison is revealed to be a universe that has long since been destroyed by that realm's own version of the Abyss known as the Voidharrow. Mildly intelligent and with the ability to corrupt and warp living creatures, the Voidharrow spent eternity alone in this realm of utter destruction until Tharizdun was imprisoned there by the other gods for his creation of the abyss. The reason behind this realm as the prison in which he would be trapped was to leave him in a realm just like the one he would have turned the multiverse into if he had been able to; with all of his power intact, he would have nothing to destroy and an infinite amount of time to lay out an infinite number of plans to free himself, only for him to have no way of implementing any of them.
Fictional dogma
Tharizdun's doctrine is to destroy all and everything encountered.
Scriptures
Most of Tharizdun's ancient scriptures are long lost. The only one known to remain is the Lament for Lost Tharizdun, penned by his "last cleric," Wongas.
Worshippers
Tharizdun's worshipers are often insane. Their ultimate goal is to free their dark deity from his prison. He is rumored to be worshiped by the Scarlet Brotherhood, though these followers are actually a splinter sect of the organization known as the Black Brotherhood or The Blackthorn. The elemental cults in the original Temple of elemental evil believed they were worshiping the destructive powers of the elements themselves, with a few believing their patron was Zuggtmoy; however, only a few knew that Tharizdun was the cults' true patron.
Tharizdun is sometimes worshiped by nonhuman aberrations such as aboleths, neogi, and grell.
Clergy
Like his lay worshipers, many of Tharizdun's priests are mad. Those who are not mad believe that they will reap great rewards and privileges for their aid in freeing him. All of his clerics are extremely secretive and trust only fellow cultists. They lead foul rituals, including human sacrifice, and search ancient sites for clues to freeing their deity. Due to Tharizdun's imprisonment, his priests must remain in contact with a site or object holding some of the Dark God's power in order to use their magic. Their favored weapon is the "spiral of decay," a bizarre weapon about which little is known. Those priests who follow Tharizdun's Elder Elemental Eye aspect have used a weapon known as a "tentacle rod" (a rod topped with animate tentacles), but it is unknown if this is the same object.
Temples
Tharizdun's temples (often in the shape of black ziggurats) are usually hidden, due to necessity. Known places of worship include an ancient temple located in the Yatil Mountains, as well as a more recently discovered temple in the Lortmils, near the Kron Hills. Although not many people in the Flanaess are aware that Tharizdun exists, it is said that public knowledge of one of his ziggurats would be enough to "raise an army of paladins".
Reception
Tharizdun was #4 on CBR's 2020 "Dungeons & Dragons: 10 Endgame Bosses You Need To Use In Your Next Campaign" list — the article states that "What's interesting is that all of Tharizdun's followers and subjects are insane. DMs can easily make a horror insane asylum-type of adventure where deep within the institution's underbelly is a cult threatening the world by summoning and freeing Tharizdun. That ought to be full of mystery and they don't even have to kill Tharizdun, just send him back to prison".
Riley Trepanier, for GameRant, highlighted Tharizdun as a deity for players to oppose in 5th Edition. She wrote, "This elder interloper god, sometimes known as The Elder Elemental Eye, features in the Princes of the Apocalypse module as a mostly-forgotten god locked away in a prison from the Greyhawk setting, as opposed to the Forgotten Realms. [...] With such a powerful combination of powers, Tharizdun is another deity that could easily turn out to be a major reckoning for the most overconfident of parties".
In other media
In 2019, Matthew Mercer incorporated a cult dedicated to freeing Tharizdun as a major antagonist in the second campaign of Critical Role, a Dungeons & Dragons web series.
References
Further reading
Games
Holian, Gary. "Paladins of Greyhawk." Dragon #306. Bellevue, WA: Paizo Publishing, 2003.
Lee, Robert. "The Cradle of Madness." Dungeon #87 (Paizo Publishing, 2001).
Reynolds, Sean K. "Core Beliefs: Boccob." Dragon #338. Bellevue, WA: Paizo Publishing, 2005.
Living Greyhawk Journal no. 3 – "Gods of Oerth"
Player's Guide to Greyhawk
The Temple of Elemental Evil
Novels
Gygax, Gary. Come Endless Darkness (New Infinities, 1988).
Gygax, Gary. Dance of Demons (New Infinities, 1988).
External links
Conforti, Steven, ed. Living Greyhawk Official Listing of Deities for Use in the Campaign, version 2.0. Renton, WA: Wizards of the Coast, 2005. Available online:
Schwalb, Robert J. "Elder Evils: Shothragot." Dragon #362. Renton, WA: Wizards of the Coast, 2008. Available online:
"The Essence of Evil." Dungeon #152. Renton, WA: Wizards of the Coast, 2007. Available online:
"Shadow of Shothragot: The Price of Survival." Renton, WA: Wizards of the Coast, 2007. Available online:
Dungeons & Dragons deities |
4012611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Leslie%20Foster | John Leslie Foster | John Leslie Foster, FRS (c. 1781 – 10 July 1842) was an Irish barrister, judge and Tory Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom Parliament.
In 1830 he was appointed a Baron of the Court of Exchequer of Ireland.
He was the son of William Foster, Bishop of Clogher (1744-1797) and nephew of John Foster, 1st Baron Oriel. He was educated at Trinity College Dublin and St John's College, Cambridge.
Early life
After his father's death while he was about sixteen, his uncle, John Foster, oversaw his further education, encouraged him to travel and employed him (presumably part-time) as his private secretary (in an office for the loss of which he was later compensated on the Union with Great Britain with an annuity of £10 5s).
Taking advantage of a respite in hostilities between Britain and France thanks to the Treaty of Amiens, he visited Paris in April 1802 where he attended a levée, was presented to Napoleon and noted that the splendour of the court of the Tuileries was "much greater than ever was the old court of France".
His travels continued later that year when he set out in July on a tour of Europe encompassing Switzerland, Italy, Austria, Prussia, the Black Sea and Constantinople before returning to Dublin in September 1803.
Family
On 9 August 1814 he married Letitia Vesey-Fitzgerald, daughter of James Fitzgerald, with whom he had five sons and a daughter, including the Australian politician, John Foster Vesey-Fitzgerald.
In the summer of 1814 he acquired his family seat at Rathescar, Co. Louth, an estate where his uncle, John Foster had lived in the 1770s and where John Leslie Foster undertook substantial repairs and alterations.
Career
John Leslie Foster was called to the Bar in Ireland in 1803 and was sometime a member of Lincoln's Inn.
In 1804 he published an Essay on the Principles of Commercial Exchanges, particularly between England and Ireland.
He was one of the Commissioners appointed in September 1809 to the commission for improving the Bogs of Ireland.
Between 1807 and 1812 he represented Dublin University, having first contested the seat in 1806.
He returned to the bar in 1812, but in 1816 was brought back to Parliament at the instigation of the government as member for Sir Leonard Holmes's borough of Yarmouth on the Isle of Wight.
At the 1818 general election, he was elected for both Lisburn and Armagh City. He chose to sit for the latter constituency and served from 1818 to 1820.
From April 1818 until its abolition in 1826, he was Counsel to the Commissioners of the Irish Board of Customs and Excise.
Between 1824 and 1830 he was the MP for County Louth, and from 1825 was a director of the Drogheda Steam Packet Company. He also acted as Mayor of Drogheda during this period.
On 24 June 1824, he was appointed to the Royal Commission for inquiring into the nature and extent of the Instruction afforded by the several Institutions in Ireland established for the purpose of Education where he served with the other Commissioners: Thomas Frankland Lewis, William Grant, James Glassford and Anthony Richard Blake. In this office Foster is reported by the Roman Catholic politician and barrister, Richard Lalor Sheil, to have taken the part of “a knight-errant against popery” whose “object was to bring out whatever was unfavourable to the Catholic Priesthood; while [his fellow Commissioner] Mr Blake (himself a Roman Catholic) justly endeavored to rectify the misconstructions of his brother inquirer”.
Co. Louth Election – 1826
At the Co. Louth Election in August 1826 John Leslie Foster was knocked down to second place in the two-seat constituency by Alexander Dawson, a candidate put up by O’Connell's ascendant Catholic Association.
After the turbulent election John Leslie complained to his sister that: ‘the priests attacked me in all their Chapels … they made it distinctly a matter of Eternal Damnation to vote for me & an atonement for Sin to vote against me’. The Catholic Association had already gained success in Co. Waterford and this election was a precursor to their further success two years later in Co. Clare.
Catholic Emancipation
Although John Leslie Foster was (as he assured the House of Commons in February 1829) ‘no Orangeman’, he was a persistent opponent to Catholic Emancipation. His speech opposing Henry Grattan's 1812 Catholic Relief Bill was published as a pamphlet in 1817. However, following the election of O’Connell as MP for Co. Clare in July 1828, it became clear to Peel and the government that continued opposition was unsustainable. Foster was eventually brought round to support the Emancipation Bill once proper safeguards had been offered.
On 25 January 1829, Lord Ellenborough, Henry Goulburn, J. C. Herries, William Vesey-Fitzgerald, Lord Lyndhurst, Lord Francis Leveson-Gower, John Henry North, John Leslie Foster, John Doherty and George Dawson (Peel's brother-in-law) met at Peel's to discuss the matter. If Emancipation was to be granted, a concession was needed and the Forty-Shilling Freeholders' Bill was brought forward. Lord Ellenborough recorded that ‘Peel told us he had seen [John] Leslie Foster who was for a settlement, but strongly against paying the Roman Catholic clergy. He will therefore support the [Roman Catholic Relief] Bill. … Foster [is] consulting with the cabinet how Catholic emancipation may best be brought about!’
On 30 March 1829, when the 1829 Roman Catholic Relief Bill received the Royal Assent, Foster's concession, the Forty Shilling Freeholders’ Bill was also approved. This was the ‘security’ that John Leslie Foster, John Henry North and William Vesey Fitzgerald had helped to frame, but although intended to prevent ‘the freeholder from being the tool of the landlord, or the slave of the priest’, it turned out to be an ineffective and unpopular measure.
Court of Exchequer of Ireland
Foster did not stand at the 1830 general election as it had long been agreed by Peel and Leveson-Gower that, following the abolition of his post as Counsel to the Revenue in January 1828, his claims to promotion were ‘very much superior’ to any others and,
following his retirement from politics, John Leslie Foster was appointed as a Baron of the Court of Exchequer of Ireland on 16 July 1830. He later moved to the Court of Common Pleas and died while on circuit at Cavan on 10 July 1842.
He served as Treasurer of King's Inns from 1832 to 1833 and from 1838 to 1839.
References
External links
1781 births
1842 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Tory MPs (pre-1834)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Dublin University
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Armagh constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Louth constituencies (1801–1922)
UK MPs 1807–1812
UK MPs 1812–1818
UK MPs 1818–1820
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
UK MPs 1830–1831
Politicians from County Louth
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Tory members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Alumni of King's Inns |
4012638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carsten%20Fredgaard | Carsten Fredgaard | Carsten Fredgaard (born May 20, 1976) is a former Danish professional football player.
His position was on the left, mainly as midfielder, but could also act both as a fullback or a winger. He has played for a number of clubs in Danish and English football, winning two Danish Superliga titles with F.C. Copenhagen and the 2006 Danish Cup with Randers FC. He has played a single game for the Denmark national team, and has represented his country 13 times on the various national youth squads.
Biography
Fredgaard started his senior career with Lyngby Boldklub, whom he represented on the national under-19 and under-21 national teams. He made his debut in the Danish Superliga championship on September 3, 1995. He scored 16 goals in 31 games during the 1998-99 Superliga season, which prompted English club Sunderland AFC to offer Lyngby a £ 1,500,000 million transfer deal.
Fredgaard signed his first full-time professional contract at age 22, when he moved to Sunderland on March 24, 1999. While at Sunderland, he played his only Denmark national team game in August 1999. His time at Sunderland was not successful, earning the undeserved nickname Chocolate Fireguard, bringing only a single appearance in the Premier League. Despite some impressive League Cup showings that saw him score two brilliant goals against Walsall (his only goals for the club), and in the next round complete a perfect cross for a Danny Dichio goal, Fredgaard failed to force his way into the first-team, making just one appearance in the league as a substitute away to Chelsea. On February 9, 2000, he was loaned out to Division One side West Bromwich Albion. Back at Sunderland for the 2000-01 season, he was once more loaned out to a Division One team on November 17, 2000, this time playing two months for Bolton Wanderers.
In July 2001, Fredgaard moved back to Denmark, as F.C. Copenhagen (FCK) bought him in a £500,000 transfer deal. Unable to hold down a place in the starting line-up in FCK's championship-winning 2002-03 Superliga season, Fredgaard went on loan to fellow Superliga teams FC Nordsjælland and Randers FC. He played one game as FCK won the 2005-06 Superliga championship. When his contract expired in January 2006, he moved to second-tier Danish 1st Division club Randers FC on a free transfer, signing a two-year contract. He was named "Man of the Match" as Randers won the 2006 Danish Cup, and he helped the club win promotion to the Superliga for the 2006-07 Superliga season. In July 2009, he moved on to 1st Division club Akademisk Boldklub.
Honours
Danish Superliga: 2003, 2006
Danish Cup: 2006
References
External links
Danish national team profile
Danish Superliga statistics
1976 births
Akademisk Boldklub players
Association football midfielders
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Danish expatriate footballers
Danish footballers
Danish Superliga players
Denmark international footballers
Denmark under-21 international footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
F.C. Copenhagen players
FC Nordsjælland players
Living people
Lyngby Boldklub players
Premier League players
Randers FC players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
West Bromwich Albion F.C. players |
4012640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20Limits%20%282%20Unlimited%20album%29 | No Limits (2 Unlimited album) | No Limits, sometimes No Limits!, is the second studio album by Dutch Eurodance band 2 Unlimited, released in May 1993. The album yielded five singles, including "No Limit", which reached number one in many European charts. The album went platinum in several countries.
Background
2 Unlimited had limited success in 1992 with their debut album, Get Ready!. It had produced four hit singles, but the album had not performed well commercially, peaking at just #37 in the UK Albums Chart. At the time, many Eurodance acts were able to produce hit singles but were unable to capitalize on this with a commercially successful album. 2 Unlimited, however, broke the mold.
At the end of 1992, 2 Unlimited were still only known amongst those who followed chart music at the time. With the first single released from this album, "No Limit", this changed. It went to number 1 in the UK Singles Chart in early February (competing with "I Will Always Love You" by Whitney Houston), and spent five weeks there. This exposure led to them being parodied by the mainstream media with the television series Spitting Image parodying the track as "No Lyrics" due to its repetitive lyrical content. The second single from the album, "Tribal Dance", was released in 1993, followed by this album soon afterwards.
Album name and artwork
Like all the studio albums by the band, the title of the album was a modification of the title of the lead single to be taken from it. The artwork for the UK cover was designed by Julian Barton and David Howells. As with all 2 Unlimited releases, most other territories featured a different album cover to the UK edition of the album. Unlike their previous album in the UK, where many of the tracks featured on it were instrumental, the artwork to this album featured band members Ray and Anita on the front cover.
Writing and composition
For the debut album, Get Ready!, most of the writing had been done by Wilde and de Coster, with some input from Ray Slijngaard and other featured writers. For No Limits!, both Ray and Anita had much more input into the song writing process compared to the previous album. Anita has writing credits on seven of the album's fourteen songs and Ray has writing credits on ten of them.
United Kingdom release
The United Kingdom version of No Limits, which was released on the PWL Continental label, is largely an instrumental album, having Ray Slijngaard's rap verses removed. The decision to do this was made by Pete Waterman, owner of the PWL record label. Waterman was also responsible for the removal of Slijngaard's rap verses from 2 Unlimited’s single releases of Get Ready For This, Twilight Zone, Workaholic, The Magic Friend, No Limit, Tribal Dance and Faces.
This lead to 2 Unlimited being mocked in the UK media, leading to nicknames like 2 Untalented, and Spitting Image's parody “There’s no lyrics”, along with ribbing by BBC Live & Kicking.
Critical reception
Despite its commercial success, at the time the album was panned by the critics, especially in the UK. But European magazine Music & Media gave a positive review, writing, "Those for whom "techno" is a pet hate always say "just push the button and out rolls another techno tune." It's not that simple of course, although this Dutch male/female duo has the gift to make you believe they do their thing in only two minutes. But isn't simplicity the hardest thing to achieve? Like a juke box this 16-track album is stuffed with potential singles, such as the extremely poppy The Power Age and Maximum Overdrive with a racing car breaking all speed limits." In Smash Hits, reviewer Mark Frith described the album as an "across the board techno splurge" and stated that this album contained clues as to why the band were unpopular in "elite dance circles". In the review of the single "Maximum Overdrive", the magazine reiterated that the band were, "not hard or imaginative and they have no credibility in dance circles."
The AllMusic review stated that beyond "No Limit" and "Let the Beat Control Your Body", there was little to recommend this album. Toby Anstis stated in his review of "Faces" that he "thought the album sounded all the same". Nonetheless, the band won the Best Dance Act award in Smash Hits that year as well as the World Music Award for Benelux.
Retrospective reviews of this album and the band in general have been more favourable. Only three years after the band split, they were described in a Guinness World Records publication as "spectacular" with the sound of "No Limit" being compared to "the sound giant dinosaurs might make stomping on cities". Their entry then goes on to describe their choruses as "chant-worthy" and that the singles from this album "ravaged hearts and minds across the globe", ending with the statement that they "linger forever in the hearts of true music lovers".
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
Singles
Writing credits
The following personnel all have writing credits on this album.
Phil Wilde
Jean-Paul de Coster
Ray Slijngaard
Anita Dels
Filip Martens
Xavier de Clayton
Peter Bauwens
Michael Leahy
Jan Voermans
Bieman
References
1993 albums
2 Unlimited albums
Byte Records albums |
4012642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Furnaceface | Furnaceface | Furnaceface was a Canadian punk indie rock band formed in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada which was active from 1989 to 2000. The group consisted of vocalist and guitarist Pat Banister, vocalist and bassist Slo' Tom Stewart, and drummer Dave Dudley. In 1993, Furnaceface won the Canadian Music Video Association Award for best independent video for "About to Drown" from Just Buy It., and another one a couple of years later for Best Editing for "How Happy Do You Want to Be?" from This Will Make You Happy.
History
The band, formed in Ottawa in 1989, consisted of vocalist and guitarist Pat Banister, vocalist and bassist Slo' Tom Stewart and drummer Dave Dudley. Furnaceface evolved out of Fluid Waffle, which also included guitarist and vocalist Steve D'Annunzio. Furnaceface started playing shows late in 1989 and released their first single, "Sucked into Drugland," on Skull Duggery Records. After releasing this and the "New Pad" single, they toured across the U.S. and Canada. Their first full-length release was the Let It Down cassette, which was recorded by Andrew McKean, mixed by Marty Jones, and released in 1990. Jones recorded their second cassette in 1991, Just Buy It., and went on to engineer all the Furnaceface releases. After the first national tour for "Just Buy It" Jones (as "Smarty Moans") joined the group as a fourth member playing keyboard and guitar. After the original cassette version of Just Buy It. was released, Furnaceface signed to Cargo Records to release a remixed (by Bob Wiseman of Blue Rodeo fame) and re-sequenced version of the album on CD and cassette.
Furnaceface also released their next two albums, This Will Make You Happy (1994) and unsafe@anyspeed (1996), with Cargo. Around the time of Just Buy It.'s re-release, Furnaceface decided to start a festival, called Furnacefest, to promote local bands as well as larger acts. In 1995, after two years of performing with the group, Marty Jones decided to leave the band to concentrate on being a producer and co-running Sound of One Hand Studios. After Cargo Canada folded, Furnaceface would release a fifth and final album in 1999 titled And the Days are Short Again… on their own label Upright Records, which had the single "Heartless" on it. Around 1999, Pat Banister moved to Vancouver to work as an art director in the film industry. In Banister's absence, Dave Dudley and Tom Stewart have joined with Blake Jacobs of Hot Piss to create Manpower, who perform occasionally around Ottawa. The last Furnaceface recording released to date was 2000's Clobbering Time, a compilation CD of songs from their out-of-print pre-Days releases, from two songs from Let It Down released on CD at last to their cover of the Jam's "But I'm Different Now," the B-side of the "Biff, Bang, Pow!" single.
Other area musicians, including Ian Tamblyn and Jim Bryson have also contributed as guest musicians. During a live performance in 1997 Slo' Tom received burns due to an onstage pyrotechnic effect; the show was halted but the musician made a full recovery with no scarring. Tom also performs occasionally as a country & western singer under the name "Slo' Tom". His band, called Slo' Tom & The Horseshit Heroes (Jim Bryson, Dave Dudley, Geoff Taylor and Graham Collins) released an album, Liquor’s My Lover. He has since released three more albums: "Musta Been A Pretty Good Night" (2013)"I'm Sick" (2014) and "Down In A Government Town" (2017).
Music
Their music includes everything from heavy riffs to classic pop as well as ska, punk, rockabilly, dance and 60's garage. Their lyrics can be humorous, as in "I’m Getting Fat," and "Too Many Nuts." They also have lyrics that comment on local and global issues such as "Nobody to Vote For," a commentary on the 1993 Canadian federal election, and "We Love You, Tipper Gore" about the Parents Music Resource Center and the censorship debate in the 1980s.
Videos
In 1993, Furnaceface won the Canadian Music Video Association Award for best independent video for "About to Drown" from Just Buy It., and another one a couple of years later for Best Editing for "This Will Make You Happy" (which Dave Dudley's daughter appears in) from This Will Make You Happy. The other videos they released were "I Don't Think," "She Thinks She's Fat," "If You Love Her (Would You Buy Her a Gun?)", "Slip & Stumble" (shot in the rough waves of various beaches in Cabo San Lucas, Mexico) "Biff, Bang, Pow!" (a cover of the Creation song), "Ode to Grant Hart" and "Heartless." They also made a video for "In Love with the Lie," but only released it in RealMedia format on their now-defunct official website.
Discography
Singles and EPs
"Sucked into Drugland" 7" single (1990)
"New Pad" 7" single (1990)
"Nobody to Vote For" CD single (1993)
"You Poison My Cup" 12" single (1995)
"Overcome" 7" single (1995)
"Biff, Bang, Pow!" 7" single (1997)
Albums
Let it Down cassette (1991)
Just Buy It. (cassette, 1992; CD, 1993)
This Will Make You Happy CD (1994)
unsafe@anyspeed CD/cassette (1996)
And the Days Are Short Again... CD (1999)
Compilations
Clobbering Time CD (compilation, 2000)
See also
Music of Canada
Canadian rock
List of Canadian musicians
List of bands from Canada
:Category:Canadian musical groups
References
External links
Furnaceface: homepage@anyspeed
Crudsound: Soundtech for Furnaceface
The Ruckus: revisiting furnaceface with Tom Stewart, recorded September 2009
Musical groups established in 1989
Musical groups disestablished in 1999
Canadian alternative rock groups
Canadian indie rock groups
Musical groups from Ottawa
1989 establishments in Ontario
1999 disestablishments in Ontario |
4012658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ren%C3%A9%20Massuet | René Massuet | René Massuet (13 August 1666 – 11 January 1716) was a French Benedictine patrologist, of the Congregation of St. Maur.
He was born at St. Ouen de Mancelles in the diocese of Évreux, and made his solemn profession in religion in 1682 at Notre Dame de Lire, and studied at Bonnenouvelle in Orléans, where he showed more than ordinary ability. After teaching philosophy in the Abbey of Bec, and theology at St. Stephen's, in Caen, he attended the lectures of the university and obtained the degrees of bachelor and licentiate in law.
After this he taught a year at Jumièges and three years at Fécamp. He spent the year 1702 in Rome in the study of Greek. The following year he was called to St. Germain des Prés in Paris and taught theology there to the end of his life.
His principal work, which he undertook rather reluctantly, is the edition of the writings of St. Irenaeus, Paris, 1710. An elegant edition of these writings had appeared at Oxford, 1702, but the editor John Ernest Grabe was less intent on an accurate rendering of the text than on making Irenaeus favour Anglican views. Massuet enriched his edition with valuable dissertations on the heresies impugned by St. Irenaeus and on the life, writings, and teaching of the saint.
He also edited the fifth volume of the Annales Ordinis S. Benediciti, of Jean Mabillon, with some additions and a preface inclusive of the biographies of Mabillon and Thierry Ruinart. We owe him, moreover, a letter to John B. Langlois, S.J., in defence of the Benedictine edition of St. Augustine, and five letters addressed to Bernard Pez found in J. G. Schelhorn's Amoenitates Literariae. He left in manuscript a work entitled Augustinus Graecus, in which he quotes all the passages of St. John Chrysostom on grace.
References
1666 births
1716 deaths
17th-century French people
18th-century French people
French Benedictines
People from Eure
University of Caen Normandy alumni |
4012684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graham%20Oliver | Graham Oliver | Graham Oliver (born 6 July 1952) is an English guitarist who was born in Mexborough, South Yorkshire. He was a founder member in the heavy metal band Saxon from 1976 to 1995.
Career
Oliver was a budding guitarist while working in a factory in the mid-1970s, but gave up after losing the tip of his index finger in an accident with a door, and sold his prized 1962/63 Fender Stratocaster (he would attempt to track down the guitar 40 years later). He was, however, encouraged by future bandmate Paul Quinn to learn to play again.
Oliver was originally a member of the band Son of a Bitch, formed in 1975, along with future Saxon bassist Steve Dawson, Steve Firth on vocals and drummers David Bradley, John Hart, Cowley and John Walker. The band merged with another local band (Coast) to become Saxon, with whom Oliver played from 1976 to 1995, as guitarist during a period in which the band had five top 20 albums in the UK.
After being fired from Saxon in 1995, he initially reformed his old band Son of a Bitch with former Saxon bassist Steve Dawson and drummer Pete Gill. Son of a Bitch released the album Victim You with Thunderhead singer Ted Bullet. Bullet and Gill left the band after the release of the album. They were replaced by the vocalist John Ward, and another former member of Saxon, Nigel Durham on drums.
In 1999, Oliver and Dawson trademarked the name 'Saxon', claiming they had exclusive rights to it, and attempted to stop Saxon singer Biff Byford from using the name. The trademark claim was overturned after it was ruled to be in bad faith, setting a legal precedent for ownership of a band name. Oliver and Dawson changed the name of the band to Oliver/Dawson Saxon, and undertook a British tour with Ronnie James Dio. Graham also duetted with Doug Aldrich on "Rainbow in the Dark" on the last gig at Plymouth.
Oliver has also released the solo album End of an Era in 2001. Five of the tracks were written and performed by the rock indie band Bullrush, with whom Graham Oliver's son Paul played drums, along Steve Tudberry and Scott Howitt. Also appearing on the album were Pete Gill, Steve Dawson, Kev Moore, Paul Johnson, Phil Hendriks, Richard Spencer and Chris Archer.
Since 2002, Oliver has played with former Marc Bolan session musician Paul Fenton, touring under the banner "Mickey Finn's T-Rex" and formerly "T. Rex (A Celebration of Marc and Mickey)". This opportunity materialised after Oliver played "Get It On" with Rolan Bolan at a show in Bradford.
Oliver suffered a stroke in January 2010, leaving him without feeling in one arm for several weeks.
In 2011, Oliver joined pupils at Mexborough School in their production of the Ben Elton musical We Will Rock You.
In 2012 guitar manufacturer "Vintage" collaborated with Graham to produce two signature guitars based on his famous Gibson SG and Flying-V guitars. The 'SG' model Vintage VS6GO and the 'V' model Vintage V60GO.
Oliver and Steve Dawson wrote the book Saxon Drugs and Rock and Roll - The Real Spinal Tap, published by Tomahawk Press in 2012, with a foreword by Harry Shearer (who drew inspiration for Spinal Tap from his time on tour with the band in 1982).
As of 2017, Oliver was still playing in Oliver/Dawson Saxon. He is also an authority on Yorkshire ceramics.
Discography
Saxon
Studio albums
(1979) Saxon
(1980) Wheels of Steel
(1980) Strong Arm of the Law
(1981) Denim and Leather
(1983) Power & the Glory
(1984) Crusader
(1985) Innocence Is No Excuse
(1986) Rock the Nations
(1988) Destiny
(1990) Solid Ball of Rock
(1992) Forever Free
(1995) Dogs of War[Dose not play on album]
Live albums
(1982) The Eagle Has Landed
(1989) Rock 'n' Roll Gypsies
(1990) Greatest Hits Live!
(1999) BBC Sessions
(2000) Live at Buxted Lodge 1980
Son of a Bitch
(1996) Victim You
Oliver/Dawson Saxon
(2000) Re://Landed
(2003) It's Alive
(2003) The Second Wave: 25 Years of NWOBHM
(2012) Motorbiker
Solo
(2001) End of an Era
Collaborations and guest appearances
Oliver has made a handful of guest appearances with Barnsley comedy band The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican
(2010) Strong Arm Of The Law (with The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican - on the album 'Cpl Kipper's Barnsley Trades Club Turn')
(2013) Jump Ararnd (with The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican, Eliza Carthy, Mike Harding, Maartin Allcock and Hugh Whitaker)
(2013) Ace Of Spades (a folk-rock cover of Motörhead's 80's hit, with The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican - on The Bar-Stewards' Big 7-Inch)
(2014) The Devil Went Darn To Barnsley (with The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican, Eliza Carthy, Mike Harding, and Maartin Allcock)
(2017) Crosstarn Traffic (with The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican - on the album 'Ave It: Bold As Brass)
(2017) Wheels Of Steel (with The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican - hidden track on the album 'Ave It: Bold As Brass)
(2019) Place Of Spades (with The Bar-Steward Sons of Val Doonican - on the album of the same name.
References
External links
English heavy metal guitarists
Saxon (band) members
Living people
People from Mexborough
1952 births |
4012685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Knox | George Knox | The Honourable George Knox PC, FRS (14 January 1765 – 13 June 1827), was an Irish Tory politician.
Knox was the fifth son of Thomas Knox, 1st Viscount Northland. In 1790, Knox entered the Irish House of Commons for Dungannon. Subsequently, he sat for Dublin University until the Act of Union in 1801. Thereafter Knox sat as a Member of Parliament (MP) in the United Kingdom Parliament and represented Dublin University from 1801 to 1807. He was also elected for Dungannon in 1801 and 1806, but chose to represent Dublin University both times.
Notes
References
1765 births
1827 deaths
Irish Conservative Party MPs
Irish MPs 1790–1797
Irish MPs 1798–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for County Tyrone constituencies (1801–1922)
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Dublin University
Tory MPs (pre-1834)
UK MPs 1801–1802
UK MPs 1802–1806
UK MPs 1806–1807
Younger sons of viscounts
Fellows of the Royal Society
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Commissioners of the Treasury for Ireland
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for County Tyrone constituencies
Members of the Parliament of Ireland (pre-1801) for Dublin University |
4012687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Delgr%C3%A8s | Louis Delgrès | Louis Delgrès (2 August 1766 – 28 May 1802) was a leader of the movement in Guadeloupe resisting reoccupation and thus the reinstitution of slavery by Napoleonic France in 1802.
Biography
Delgrès was mulatto, born free in Saint-Pierre, Martinique. A military officer for Revolutionary France experienced in the wars with Great Britain, Delgrès took over the resistance movement from Magloire Pélage after it became evident that Pélage was loyal to Napoleon. Delgrès believed that the "tyrant" Napoleon had betrayed both the ideals of the Republic and the interests of France's colored citizens, and intended to fight to the death. The Jacobin government had granted the slaves their freedom, in Guadeloupe and other French colonies, but Napoleon attempted to reinstate slavery throughout the French Empire in 1802.
The French army, led by Richepanse, drove Delgrès into Fort Saint Charles, which was held by formerly enslaved Guadeloupians. After realizing that he could not prevail and refusing to surrender, Delgrès left roughly 1000 men and some women. At the Battle of Matouba on 28 May 1802, Delgrès and his followers ignited their gunpowder stores, committing suicide in the process, in an attempt to kill as many of the French troops as possible.
Legacy and honours
In April 1998, Delgrès was officially admitted to the French Panthéon, although the actual location of his remains is unknown. Delgrès' memorial is opposite that of Toussaint Louverture, leader of the Haitian Revolution, the location of whose remains is also a mystery.
Located near the Fort Delgrès, in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe, a memorial bust of Delgrès was erected during the bicentennial of the rebellion, in 2002.
The contemporary French Caribbean blues trio Delgres is named after Delgrès.
See also
La Mulâtresse Solitude
History of Guadeloupe
Colonialism
Siege of Masada (a similar mass suicide)
References
External links
Louis Delgrès Le souffle de la liberté
1766 births
1802 deaths
People from Saint-Pierre, Martinique
19th-century French politicians
French abolitionists
19th century in Guadeloupe
History of Guadeloupe |
4012691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20red%20flying%20fox | Little red flying fox | The little red flying-fox (Pteropus scapulatus) is a megachiropteran bat native to northern and eastern Australia. The species weighs about half a kilogram, one US pound, and is the smallest species of Pteropus in mainland Australia. P. scapulatus occurs at the coast and further inland, camping and flying to the tropical to temperate regions that provide them with an annual source of nectar. They exhibit an unusual method of obtaining drinking water during dry periods, skimming a stream's surface to gather it onto their fur while they are in flight.
Taxonomy
The first description was published by Wilhelm Peters in 1862, as a 'new species of flederhund from New Holland'. The type specimen was collected at Cape York peninsula. The population gives its name to the scapulatus species group', as recognised by authors in the late twentieth century.
Pteropus scapulatus is well known and referred to by many names, these include the 'collared' flying-fox or fruit-bat, the reddish fruit-bat and little reds.
Description
A flying mammal of the pteropodid family, frugivorous bats with simple dog-like heads, often found roosting closely together in large numbers. The characteristic absence of a tail distinguishes these 'flying-foxes' from other bats in Australia. The wing is extended with a forearm measuring 120 to 150 millimetres in length, the head and body combined is 125 to 200 mm. The length from the tip to base of the ear is 29 to 40 mm, and these are quite prominent for an Australian 'flying-fox'. A measured weight range of 300 to 600 grams, gives the species an average mass of 450 grams.
The colour of the pelage is reddish brown, the short fur appearing over most of the body and more sparsely at the lower part of the leg. The fur at the head is a dark to light shade of grey. Creamy-white hair may appear at the shoulders, or a pale yellowish patch found between these. The patagium of the wing is a pale brown colour, and somewhat translucent while the bat is in flight.
Pteropus scapulatus emits an abrupt 'yap' sound, accompanied by a variety of screeches, squeals and twittering noises, voiced at a high-pitch. They resemble other species found in Australia, the bare legs, reddish fur colour, and the paler near-transparent wings distinguish it from the grey-headed species Pteropus poliocephalus, and the larger and black fruit-bat Pteropus alecto. Their appearance closely resembles Pteropus macrotis, which occurs at and north of Boigu Island.
Behaviour
The largest range of all the species, extending further inland than the others of the family, Pteropus scapulatus will also decamp and roam widely to increase their food availability. The primary source of food for this species is obtained from Eucalyptus and Corymbia blossoms.
Their diet consists of nectar and pollen of these eucalypts and is responsible for the much of their pollination, the irregular flowering periods induce the camps to forage in new areas.
The nectar of Melaleuca species is also favoured, and they are attracted to other native and cultivated fruiting trees. P. scapulatus camps may become large groups of tens of thousands, with records of some colonies of over one hundred thousand individuals. This species gives birth 6 months later than the other mainland flying fox species, in April and May, this may be to avoid exposing a newborn to the high temperatures of the northern austral summer.
The populous and conspicuous camps of P. scapulatus attract a number of larger predators. including both terrestrial and aerial hunters.
The sea eagle Haliaeetus leucogaster will capture these bats in flight as they leave their roosts.
The snake species Morelia spilota is frequently found as a resident at these camps, lazily selecting an individual from the apparently unconcerned group at a branch. The bat is seized in the jaws and encircled by the python's body, then swallowed head first to be digested over the next week.
The arid climate in parts of the range will prompt the species to seek water in the late afternoon, and this provides an opportunity for freshwater crocodile species Crocodylus johnstoni found across the Top End and northern parts of the continent.
A National Geographic Channel special program (World's Weirdest: Flying Foxes) documents that the little red flying fox will skim the surface of rivers, then lap the water from their fur; this can put them in within reach of the crocodiles snapping in the air.
The 'freshies', as these crocodilians are locally known, will also place themselves beneath the overhanging roosts of this species, and employ a strategy of thrashing at the shoreline to induce panic and aerial collisions.
The species are quick and adept swimmers, presumably due to the advantages in surviving and escaping immersion in water.
Larger camps are formed during the breeding period, around October to November, and reduce in size as the birthing period approaches, during March to April. Females start to form separate maternity colonies as gestation advances, and they may join other Pteropus species at their roosts, the births occur in April to May after the dispersal of the larger camp. When the camp regroups later in the year the juveniles gather at their own roosts, joining the breeding camp at the next season when they have become sexually mature.
The habitat of roost sites is often composed of wet understorey which provides a temperate microclimate. The 'little reds' will seek to roost closely with others, their combined weight may break branches as they join the camp at a tree. The species is susceptible to heat stroke, and many individuals die when suitable roost sites are unavailable. The disturbance to camps by human intervention during hot weather may cause the deaths of thousands of these bats.
Distribution and habitat
Pteropus scapulatus has a wide distribution range across the north and east of Australia, occupying coastal and sub-coastal regions. The western extent is restricted to coastal areas of northwest Australia, as far south as Shark Bay, and through the tropical and subtropical areas of the north and east to New South Wales and Victoria. The species is only occasionally found extending their range to the southeast of South Australia. The appearance of P. scapulatus in New Zealand is regarded as accidental.
The range of the Australian pteropodid bats is bounded by areas of lower rainfall and more temperate climate, this species and the other flying-foxes are absent from the south and west of the continent.
The camps of P. scapulatus are found close to streams, they leave these at night to forage in woodland and forests in temperate to tropical regions.
A well known colony exists at the Mataranka Hot Springs, an attraction that has also been discouraged from inhabiting the site for the odour of their camps.
Colonies of P. scapulatus are recognised as important contributors to woodland ecology, acting as a major pollinator of trees that provide nectar at night.
The eucalypts and other trees of riparian zones in the Murray Darling Basin will also be visited in productive seasons.
During the austral summer, colonies join the diverse species of bats around the Brisbane cityscape to feed on the blossoms of the pink bloodwood Corymbia intermedia.
Along the Brisbane River they share many roost sites with the grey-headed fruit-bat, P. poliocephalus, most notable of these is the Indooroopilly Island, known to be an old bat campsite, whose occupants are seen flying around the area after dusk. They also occupy a well established colony at Ipswich, Queensland, close to that state's capital.
Public perception
This species of flying fox hangs in a different way from other mainland species. The larger species tend to hang an arm's length apart, but the little reds tend to clump together so they may hang in groups of 20 or more animals on an individual branch. So, these animals are associated with significant canopy and branch damage in camps where they reside. They also tend to appear in very large numbers (20,000 or more) and the footprint of a camp can expand rapidly for the several weeks or months they remain at a site. Their large numbers and the damage they cause to a camp site mean they are not very popular animals.
The opportunity presented by cultivated fruit trees to wandering little reds may encourage them to return in large numbers if the regular foods are not available, resulting in damage to fruit and trees; for this reason they have been perceived as a pest species by orchardists.
Negative public perception of the species has intensified with the discovery of three recently emerged zoonotic viruses that are potentially fatal to humans: Hendra virus, Australian bat lyssavirus (ABLV), and Menangle virus. There are few records of human fatality resulting from interaction with bats, limited to the rare and deadly incidence of ABLV, and their parasites find human hosts unsuitable.
Conservation
The animals are nomadic and difficult to track, as they tend not to live in urban areas. No accurate method in use currently can estimate the population to determine if it is stable or in decline. The species is very likely to be affected by the same factors that have seen the grey-headed flying fox and spectacled flying fox listed as threatened, that is, the destruction of foraging areas and roosting habitat.
A new bridge built near Noosa Heads was skirted over by the species leaving a nearby roost, resulting in fatal collisions with motor vehicles travelling across it; a sign warning motorists at the Monks Bridge displays an image of the bat and has subsequently reduced the number of incidents.
References
Further reading
Speare, Rick, et al. (1997). "Australian bat lyssavirus infection in three fruit bats from north Queensland." Comm Dis Intell 1997; 21:117–120. Downloadable pdf at:
External links
ARKive – images and movies of the little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus)
Wellington Zoo, Little Red Flying-Fox
Bats of Australia
Mammals of Western Australia
Mammals of South Australia
Mammals of the Northern Territory
Mammals of Queensland
Mammals of New South Wales
Mammals of Victoria (Australia)
Pteropus
Mammals described in 1862
Taxa named by Wilhelm Peters |
4012694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ash%20Wednesday%20%28poem%29 | Ash Wednesday (poem) | Ash Wednesday (sometimes Ash-Wednesday) is a long poem written by T. S. Eliot after his 1927 conversion to Anglicanism. Published in 1930, this poem deals with the struggle that ensues when one who has lacked faith in the past strives to move towards God.
Sometimes referred to as Eliot's "conversion poem", Ash-Wednesday, with a base of Dante's Purgatorio, is richly but ambiguously allusive and deals with the move from spiritual barrenness to hope for human salvation. The style is different from his poetry which predates his conversion. "Ash-Wednesday" and the poems that followed had a more casual, melodic, and contemplative method.
Many critics were "particularly enthusiastic concerning 'Ash-Wednesday, while in other quarters it was not well received. Among many of the more secular literati its groundwork of orthodox Christianity was discomfiting. Edwin Muir maintained that Ash-Wednesday' is one of the most moving poems he [Eliot] has written, and perhaps the most perfect."
Analysis
The poem’s title comes from the Western Christian fast day marking the beginning of Lent, forty days before Easter. It is a poem about the difficulty of religious belief, and concerned with personal salvation in an age of uncertainty. In Ash Wednesday Eliot’s poetic persona, one who has lacked faith in the past, has somehow found the courage, through spiritual exhaustion, to seek faith.
In the first section, Eliot introduces the idea of renunciation with a quote from Cavalcanti, in which the poet expresses his devotion to his lady as death approaches. Dante Gabriel Rossetti translated it under the title Ballata, Written in Exile at Sarzana, and rendered the first line as "Because I do not hope to return". The idea of exile is thus also introduced.
Publication information
The poem was first published as now known in April, 1930 as a small book limited to 600 numbered and signed copies. Later that month an ordinary run of 2000 copies was published in the UK, and in September another 2000 published in the US.
Eliot is known to have collected poems and fragments of poems to produce new works. This is most clearly seen in his poems "The Hollow Men" and "Ash-Wednesday" where he incorporated previously published poems to become sections of a larger work. Three of the five sections comprising "Ash-Wednesday" had already been published earlier as separate poems (years link to corresponding "[year] in poetry" articles):
"Perch' Io non Spero" (part I of "Ash-Wednesday") was published in the Spring, 1928 issue of Commerce along with a French translation.
"Salutation" (now part II of "Ash-Wednesday") was published in December, 1927 in Saturday Review of Literature. It was also published in January, 1928 in Eliot's own Criterion magazine.
"Som de l'escalina" (part III of "Ash-Wednesday") was published in the Autumn, 1929 issue of Commerce along with a French translation.
(Publication information from Gallup)
Dedication
When first published, the poem bore the dedication "To my wife", referring to Eliot's first wife, Vivienne Haigh-Wood Eliot, with whom he had a strained relationship, and from whom he initiated a legal separation in 1933. The dedication does not appear in subsequent editions.
References in other works
Vladimir Nabokov parodied Ash Wednesday in his novel Lolita. In chapter 35 of Part Two of Nabokov's book, Humbert's "death sentence" on Quilty parodies the rhythm and use of anaphora in T. S. Eliot's poem. According to David Rampton, "...Quilty's versified death sentence is, in part, a comic version of Ash Wednesday." There was a reference on 'Ash Wednesday' by an eminent author Narendra Luther while interpreting the stanza ...Consequently I rejoice, Having to construct something Upon which to rejoice... wherein he adds that he enjoyed every line, sentence, every page while writing books as they are building blocks for the final edifice. This is thus equated to the lines of T S Eliot, in the book A Bonsai Tree authored by Luther.
Two lines from Ash Wednesday are slightly misremembered by the character Clarice Starling in Thomas Harris's book The Silence of the Lambs and the 1991 film adaptation thereof. In the poem, the lines read "Teach us to care and not to care / Teach us to sit still." In the book, Clarice recalls the latter line as "Teach us to be still." It is unclear whether this mistake is a genuine error of Harris's memory and/or research, or intentionally misquoted as a method of indirect characterization: Starling is described as well-read and intelligent, but more oriented toward action than she is toward academia.
References
External links
Full poem written and audio by Eliot (14 mins), On Being (Public Radio)
Poetry by T. S. Eliot
1930 poems
Faber and Faber books
Modernist poems
American poems |
4012695 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20R.%20Bhardwaj | H. R. Bhardwaj | Hansraj Bhardwaj (16 May 1939 – 8 March 2020) was an Indian politician who was Governor of Karnataka from 2009 to 2014; he also served as Governor of Kerala from 2012 until 2013. He was a member of the Indian National Congress. He holds the record of having the second longest tenure in Law Ministry since independence, after Ashoke Kumar Sen.
He was the minister of state for nine years and a cabinet minister for law and justice for five years.
At the end of his five-year term in 2014, Governor of Tamil Nadu, former Chief Minister of Andhra Pradesh Konijeti Rosaiah replaced Bharadwaj as Governor of Karnataka.
On 16 January 2012, he was given the additional charge of Governor of Kerala, which he abandoned on 9 March 2013.
Political career
Bhardwaj was first elected to the Rajya Sabha in April 1982. He served as Minister of State in the Ministry of Law and Justice from 31 December 1984 to November 1989 and was re-elected to the Rajya Sabha in April 1988. He was then Minister of State (Independent Charge) in the Ministry of Planning and Programme Implementation from 21 June 1991 to 2 July 1992 and Minister of State in the Ministry of Law, Justice and Company Affairs from 3 July 1992 to May 1996. He was again re-elected to the Rajya Sabha in April 1994 and April 2000, and from 22 May 2004 to 28 May 2009 he served as Union Cabinet Minister of Law and Justice.
Having previously represented Madhya Pradesh in the Rajya Sabha, Bhardwaj was instead elected to the Rajya Sabha from Haryana on 20 March 2006, without opposition.
Political deftness
Bhardwaj introduced the concept of rural courts (gram nyayalayas) during the UPA-I government, later to be discontinued by the government due to scarcity of funds.
A media shy minister, the old Gandhi family loyalist handled the most sensitive and controversial cases in the Manmohan Singh cabinet between 2004 and 2009.
From Bofors to office of profit and the failed attempt to remove Navin Chawla as election commissioner, were all deftly handled by the Congress veteran to the satisfaction of the Prime Minister and party leadership.
Controversies
Bofors scandal
In March 2009, H. R. Bhardwaj was criticized for taking the initiative to de-freeze two bank accounts of Ottavio Quattrocchi, an accused in the Bofors Scam case. In particular, it appears he did not consult the investigating agency CBI which had gotten the accounts frozen.
As Governor of Karnataka
In July 2010, his comments on the powerful Bellary brothers, ministers in the B.S. Yeddyurappa government, particularly demanding their sacking for their alleged involvement in illegal mining generated a national debate. This was preceded by Bhardwaj rejecting the resignation of Lokayukta, Justice Hegde.
Bharadwaj also received much flak from the public and media for his unceremonious, scathing personal attack on Mysore university vice-chancellor V G Talawar when the latter was initiating action against former vice-chancellor J Shashidhar Prasad. Prasad is accused of committing irregularities in the recruitment of around 200 professors and readers during his tenure between 2003 and 2007 which are yet to be proved.
On 21 January 2011, Governor Bhardwaj sanctioned the prosecution of Chief Minister of Karnataka (Yeddyurappa) under Prevention of Corruption Act, following several allegations of his involvement in land scams and seizure of trucks carrying illegally mined iron ore. However, on 7 March Karnataka High Court quashed this decision and the Lokayukta Police FIR. The court observed, "The petitioner was condemned unheard and there is flagrant violation of principles of natural justice, fairness in administrative action and statutory provision".
On 7 February 2011, Bharadwaj withheld the approval of honorary doctorate by the Bangalore University to noted historian and Kannada writer M. Chidananda Murthy. Chidananda Murthy had backed justice BK Somasekhara Commission's report on church attacks in Karnataka in 2008. Akhila Bharata Kannada Sahitya Sammelana 2011, held in Bangalore, adopted a resolution to "condemn" the Governor's decision. Taking note of this, Bharadwaj agreed to give his approval after recommendations from Bangalore university syndicates.
In May 2011, Bhardwaj recommended President's rule in Karnataka after the ruling government lost support in the legislative assembly due to the level of charges brought against it and was forced to prove majority, having a very narrow win.
Trivia
Speaking at an Editors' Guild seminar, Shekhar Gupta, Editor-in-Chief of The Indian Express, narrated an incident involving Arun Shourie and Bhardwaj. During discussions that followed Rajiv Gandhi's Defamation Bill, Bhardwaj had asked Shourie to be more respectful in speaking since Bharadwaj had practiced law in Shourie's father's court in Rohtak. In response Shourie said "This much law should be known even to a mofussil lawyer like you".
References
1939 births
2020 deaths
Indian National Congress politicians
Members of the Cabinet of India
Rajya Sabha members from Madhya Pradesh
Governors of Karnataka
Governors of Kerala
Rajya Sabha members from Haryana
People from Rohtak district
Law Ministers of India
Ministers for Corporate Affairs |
4012696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A1draig%20McKearney | Pádraig McKearney | Pádraig Oliver McKearney (18 December 1954 – 8 May 1987) was a Provisional Irish Republican Army (IRA) paramilitary. He was killed during a British Army ambush at Loughgall, County Armagh in May 1987, aged 32.
Background
Pádraig McKearney was raised in Moy, County Tyrone, in a staunchly Irish republican family. Both his grandfathers had fought in the Irish Republican Army during the Irish War of Independence, his maternal grandfather in south County Roscommon and his paternal grandfather in east County Tyrone. He was educated at local Catholic schools in Collegeland and Moy, and later went to St Patrick's Academy, Dungannon.
IRA career
He joined the Provisional IRA and was first arrested in 1972 on charges of blowing up the post office in Moy. He spent six weeks on remand, but was released due to insufficient evidence. In December 1973 he was arrested again and later sentenced to seven years for possession of a rifle. He was imprisoned in Long Kesh and later in Magilligan prison. During this time, a younger brother, Seán, also an IRA paramilitary, was killed on 13 May 1974. He was released in 1977 but was sentenced to 14 years in August 1980 after being caught by the British Army with a loaded sten gun along with another IRA member Gerard O'Callaghan. That same year an older brother, Tommy McKearney, who was sentenced to life imprisonment for the murder of an off-duty Ulster Defence Regiment soldier who worked as a postman in 1977, nearly died on hunger strike after refusing food for 53 days. Another brother, Kevin, and an uncle, Jack McKearney, were both murdered by Loyalist paramilitaries in revenge attacks upon the family.
On 25 September 1983 McKearney took part in the Maze Prison escape along with 37 other prisoners. At the beginning of 1984 he rejoined IRA activity in his native East Tyrone with the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade. He advocated the commencement of the "third phase" of the armed struggle, the 'strategic defensive', in which the Royal Ulster Constabulary, Ulster Defence Regiment and British Army would be denied all support in selected areas following repeated attacks on their bases. In 1985 Patrick Kelly became commander of the Provisional IRA East Tyrone Brigade and it was under his leadership that this strategy was pursued. Remote Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) bases were attacked and destroyed, and building contractors who tried to repair them were targeted and sometimes murdered, as occurred with the attack on the Ballygawley police station in December 1985, which killed two policemen, and The Birches police station in August 1986.
Death
McKearney was shot dead by the British Army on 8 May 1987 during an IRA attack that he was taking part in upon Loughgall police station, which also claimed the lives of seven other IRA members. His body was buried at his hometown of Moy.
Footnotes
The "Third Phase" in Provisional IRA thinking represented an escalation of the conflict in Northern Ireland with the eventual aim of using more conventional warfare by taking and holding "liberated zones" along the border. Due to a number of factors, including the loss of experienced activists at Loughgall and the interception of 120 tonnes of Libyan weaponry aboard the Eksund ship, this strategy was never carried out. (See also: Provisional IRA arms importation and Provisional IRA campaign 1969-1997.)
See also
The Troubles in Loughgall
References
Sources
Ed Moloney, Secret History of the IRA
Derek Dunne, Out of the Maze
Peter Taylor, Provos The IRA and Sinn Féin
External links
Padraig McKearney's biography
Article on the McKearney family
1954 births
1987 deaths
Deaths by firearm in Northern Ireland
Escapees from British detention
Irish republicans
People from County Tyrone
People killed by security forces during The Troubles (Northern Ireland)
People killed in United Kingdom intelligence operations
Prisoners accorded Special Category Status
Provisional Irish Republican Army members |
4012697 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20School%2C%20Bahrain | Indian School, Bahrain | The Indian School () is a CBSE-affiliated community school in Bahrain.Founded by three Indian women as an elementary school for the children of Indian nationals in Bahrain, it is currently one of the largest co-ed schools in the Persian Gulf region. It was founded in 1950.
History
Bahrain's much-acclaimed Indian School owes its origins to the far-sightedness of the Bhatia community. When families started coming to the Gulf in the ‘fifties, formal education was non-existent and housewives ran an informal “gurukula” system of in-house study. Older children were sent off to India for higher education. It was obvious that the “gurukula” system was of limited use and when a young Indian boy playing in the streets was involved in a road accident, queries were raised by the British Advisor Sir Charles Belgrave about schooling for Indian children.
Seizing this opportunity, Shri Lalchand D.I. sought permission for such an establishment, and to the delight of the Indian community, permission was granted almost immediately. To make the vision a reality, two prominent and industrious Indian businessmen were elected – Shri Balubhai B. Desai who was with BAPCO and Shri Karunakaran of Kanoo, brother of Shri Narayanan, Sir Charles Belgrave's secretary. Assistance was provided by the Divine Life Society, a religious body, and several individuals such as Shri Shivlal Hemraj, Shri B. Ratilal, Shri Chaturbhujdas Mulchand, Shri Purushottam Naraini (Narain Maharaj, who had already helped establish the first Arabic school in Muharraq) and the prominent Paris social worker Shri Jamshed Marolia.
The school's founder members who served in the initial years were: Shri B.B. Desai, Shri Thawardas Issardas Kikla, Shri Chaturbhujdas Tulsidas Asarpota, Shri Karunakaran, Shri Khubchand Jayramdas Megchiani, Shri Vishwanath and Shri Budhanmal Tirthadas Gajria. The school was inaugurated on Dussehra day in 1950 and started with three lady teachers and 30-35 students. The first teachers included Smt. Shantaben Gopaldas Kikla, Smt. Nirmalaben and Smt. Geeta Tikamdas Gajria. Despite modest salary scales (Rs. 150/- for the Principal and Rs. 75/- for the teachers), the fledgeling school needed support and this was given by businessmen such as Shri Lala Gajria and Shri Mathardas Rupchand Bhatia. This help continued and the present Senior School in Isa Town owes a lot to the pioneering vision of Shri Lala Gajria and Shri Atma Jashnmal among others who undertook to obtain land and raise funds for the school.
Founded in 1950, its creation was initiated by the efforts of the Indian community in the Kingdom of Bahrain. The school's board is largely composed of parents elected for three-year terms. It is one of the oldest Indian schools in Bahrain.
The school commenced its journey with a headmistress and three staff members. Today, The Indian School is one of the largest expatriate schools in the Persian Gulf with over 13,000 students and a workforce of over 2077 members.
The school is spread over two expansive campuses located at Riffa (LKG/JKG to 3rd) and at Isa Town (4th to 12th). The school has around 13,000 students and is one of the largest co-ed schools in the Persian Gulf region.
During the years 2008-2014 which was considered as the golden period for ISB, the school stretched both ways, almost doubling the student and staff strength and building a new campus in Riffa for lower classes and expansion of the existing campus at Isa Town. Before the Riffa campus, lower classes were at the Sitra campus in a rented building. Traffic issues at Sitra forced the school to shift to a much safer location for the students.
Notable alumni
Mamta Mohandas – actress, film producer and playback singer
Vishnupriya – actress, dancer and model
Manasy Veetinal – actress
See also
List of schools in Bahrain
References
External links
International schools in Bahrain
Indian international schools in Asia
Isa Town
Educational institutions established in 1950
1950 establishments in Bahrain |
4012709 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proteomyxa | Proteomyxa | Proteomyxa is a name given by E. Ray Lankester to a group of Sarcodina. This is an obsolete group.
Many of the species are endoparasites in living cells, mostly of algae or fungi, but not exclusively. At least two species of Pseudospora have been taken for reproductive stages in the life history of their hosts—whence indeed the generic name. Plasmodiophora brassicae gives rise to the disease known as Hanburies or fingers and toes in Cruciferae; Lymphosporidium causes a virulent epidemic among the American brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis). Archerina boltoni is remarkable for containing a pair of chlorophyll corpuscles in each cell; no nucleus has been made out, but the chlorophyll bodies divide previous to fission. It is a fresh-water form. The cells of this species form loose aggregates or filoplasmodia, like those of Mikrogromia or Leydenia.
References
Obsolete eukaryote taxa |
4012713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osburg | Osburg | Osburg () is a municipality in the Trier-Saarburg district, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany, near Trier. The elevation of the built up area lies between 437 and 500 m, and the lowest and highest points of the municipality are 239 and 708 m.
External links
Homepage
Websites in Osburg
References
Municipalities in Rhineland-Palatinate
Trier-Saarburg |
4012722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irvingia%20gabonensis | Irvingia gabonensis | Irvingia gabonensis is a species of African trees in the genus Irvingia, sometimes known by the common names wild mango, African mango, or bush mango. They bear edible mango-like fruits, and are especially valued for their fat- and protein-rich nuts.
Distribution and habitat
Irvingia gabonensis is indigenous to the humid forest zone from the northern tip of Angola, including Congo, DR Congo, Nigeria, Ivory Coast and south-western Uganda. Since 2009, the Gabonese government has prohibited logging of the andok tree until 2034.
Biophysical limits
The tree is present in the tropical wet and dry climate zone. African bush mango grows naturally in canopied jungle, gallery forests and semi-deciduous forests. It grows at altitudes from with annual rainfalls from . Supported temperature ranges from . Soils more than deep are needed, with a moderate fertility and good drainage. pH can range from 4.5 to 7.5.
Description
Irvingia gabonensis grows straight, up to a height of and in diameter. It has buttresses to a height of 3m (10 ft). The outer bark is smooth to scaly with grey to yellow-grey color. The crown is evergreen, spherical and dense. Leaves are elliptic, one margin is often a little rounder than the other, acuminate, dark green and glossy on the upper surface. Flowers are yellow to greenish-white in small panicles. The flowers are bisexual.
The fruit is nearly spherical, green when ripe with a bright orange pulp. The stone is woody and contains one seed. Seeds germinate epigeally (above ground).
Ecology
Irvingia gabonensis is insect-pollinated by Coleoptera, Diptera, Hymenoptera and Lepidoptera. It flowers from March to June and has two fruiting seasons: from April to July and from September to October.
Seeds are dispersed by vertebrates, including elephants and gorillas. With a reduction in the number of those animals, the spread and regeneration of African bush mango decreases and it becomes more dependent on human planting.
Cultivation
In the past, 90% of African bush mango products were harvested from scattered, wild trees. African bush mango trees were not cultivated initially, because it was believed, that it took up to 15 years for a tree to bear fruit. Although they were not artificially planted, their occurrence was high because they were also rarely harvested for timber. In a plantation using marcots (air-layering plants), flower production was observed within two to four years after planting.
Germination from seeds is low and when they are not handled appropriately, most fail. The seeds are mostly extracted by breaking fruits by hand.
Breeding
The domestication of African bush mango is in its early stages. Around 1990, vegetative propagation allowed mass replication and selection. Grafting, budding, air-layering, marcotting and cuttings are feasible when they are applied to young wood.
Uses
The fruits are often eaten fresh by humans and other mammals such as monkeys, gorillas, elephants and many more. As it is naturally and predominantly found in parts of Africa, it has been popularly called African mango. The fruits are processed into jelly, jam, juice and sometimes even wine. The pulp has also been used to prepare black dye for cloth coloration.
The seed coat has to be cracked open to get to the endosperm. Seeds, also called dika nuts, are eaten raw or roasted. Mostly however they are pounded to butter- or a chocolate-like block. Seeds can be pressed to produce an edible oil (solid at ambient temperatures) or margarine used for cooking. The oil can also be processed further to soap or cosmetics. The press cake can be used as cattle feed or as thickening agent for soup. Seeds can be ground or crushed and used as a thickening and flavoring agent in soups and stews. They can also be made into a cake called "dika bread" for preservation.
The nuts are often used in the Gabonese cuisine to season poultry and meat dishes, such as the poulet à l'odika. The ground nuts provide a smoked scent to the meals.
The wood is hard and therefore used for heavy construction work as making ships' decks or railway ties. Dead branches are used as firewood.
The trees are used in agroforestry systems to shade other crops, especially cocoa and coffee. They are also used to reduce erosion. Cities have started using them to shade streets, as shelter belts, or for beautification.
Thousands of tons of African bush mango seeds are traded each year, mostly within Africa.
Nutrition
The edible seeds provide 697 calories in a 100 gram portion and the following nutrients:
The approximate fatty acid composition in seeds includes myristic acid (33–70%), lauric acid (20–59%), oleic acid (1–11%), palmitic acid (2%) and stearic acid (1%).
Unlike the pulp of some other Irvingia spp., the pulp of Irvingia gabonensis tastes juicy and sweet and is eaten fresh. A 100 gram portion of fruit pulp provides 61 calories and includes:
Fruit pulp flavor components include zingiberene, cinnamic acid, dodecanal and dodecanol, resulting in spicy, earthy, fruity, and wine-yeast characteristics.
Weight control
Food supplements from Irvingia gabonensis, under the name "African mango" are marketed for management of body weight. Clinical trials to date have not confirmed their efficacy, although a meta-analysis concluded that Irvingia gabonensis showed "some potential benefit for weight loss", stating that "it appears to be safe and well tolerated as the most common adverse effects are headache, flatulence, and difficulty sleeping" but that "due to the limited data, Irvingia gabonensis cannot be recommended at this time."
References
External links
Irvingiaceae
Fruits originating in Africa
Edible nuts and seeds
Edible thickening agents
Nigerian cuisine
Trees of Africa
Taxa named by Henri Ernest Baillon |
4012731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20the%20Jews%20in%20Cincinnati | History of the Jews in Cincinnati | The history of the Jews in Cincinnati occupies a prominent place in the development of Jewish secular and religious life in the United States. Cincinnati is not only the oldest Jewish community west of the Allegheny Mountains but has also been an institutional center of American Reform Judaism for more than a century. The Israelite, the oldest American Jewish newspaper still (2019) being published, began publication in Cincinnati in 1854.
19th century
Arrival of British Jews
The first known Jew to settle in Cincinnati was Joseph Jonas, an English emigrant who arrived in the city via Philadelphia in 1817. Jonas, a young man, decided to leave his home in Exeter, England, with the avowed intention of settling in Cincinnati. Friends in Philadelphia originally endeavored to dissuade him from going to a place so isolated from all association with his coreligionists. However, Jonas reassured them that he would succeed. For the first two years, he was the only Jew in the Midwestern town.
In 1819, Jonas was joined by three others, Lewis Cohen of London, Barnet Levi of Liverpool, and Jonas Levy of Exeter. On the High Holidays in the autumn of 1819, these four men, together with David Israel Johnson of Brookville, Indiana (a frontier trading-station), conducted the first Jewish service west of the Appalachians. Similar services were held for the next three years. Newcomers continued to arrive, the early settlers being mostly Jews from England.
The first Jewish child born in Cincinnati, Frederick A. Johnson (June 2, 1821), was the son of the above-mentioned David Israel Johnson and his wife, Eliza. This couple, also English, had removed to Cincinnati from Brookville, where they had first settled. The first couple to be married were Morris Symonds and Rebekah Hyams, whose wedding was celebrated on September 15, 1824. The first death in the community was that of Benjamin Leib (or Lape) in 1821. This man, who had not been known as a Jew, when he felt death to be approaching, asked that three of the Jewish residents of the town be called. He disclosed to them that he was a Jew. He had taken a Gentile spouse who was Noachide, and had reared his children as Noahides, but he begged to be buried as a Jew. There was no Jewish burial-ground in the town. The few Jews living in the city at once proceeded to acquire a small plot of ground to be used as a cemetery and buried him there. This plot, which was afterward enlarged and is known as the Old Jewish Cemetery, was used as the cemetery of the Jewish community until the year 1849, after the cholera epidemic. At present this cemetery (oldest west of the Alleghenies) is situated in the heart of the city, on Chestnut Street near Central Avenue, in the Old West End.
Birth of Jewish institutions
There were not enough settlers to form a congregation until the year 1824, when the number of Jewish inhabitants of the town had reached about twenty. On January 4 of that year a preliminary meeting was held to consider the advisability of organizing a congregation. Two weeks later, on January 18, the Congregation Bene Israel was formally organized; those in attendance were Solomon Buckingham, David I. Johnson, Joseph Jonas, Samuel Jonas, Jonas Levy, Morris Moses, Phineas Moses, Simeon Moses, Solomon Moses, and Morris Symonds. On January 8, 1830, the Ohio General Assembly granted the congregation a charter whereby it was incorporated under the laws of the state.
For twelve years, the congregation worshiped in a room rented for the purpose, but during all this time the small congregation was seeking to secure a permanent home. Appeals were made to Jewish congregations in various parts of the country. Philadelphia, Charleston, and New Orleans lent their assistance. Contributions were even received from Portsmouth, England, from where a number of Cincinnatians had emigrated, and from Barbados in the West Indies. On June 11, 1835, the cornerstone of the first synagogue was laid, and on September 9, 1836, the synagogue was dedicated with appropriate ceremonies. The members of the congregation had conducted the services up to this time. The first official reader was Joseph Samuels. He served a very short time, and was succeeded by Henry Harris, who was followed in 1838 by Hart Judah.
The first benevolent association in Cincinnati was organized in 1838 with Phineas Moses as president: its object was to assist needy coreligionists. The first religious school was established in 1842, Mrs. Louisa Symonds becoming its first superintendent. This school was short-lived. In 1845, a Talmud Torah school was established, which gave way the following year to the Hebrew Institute, established by James K. Gutheim. This also flourished but a short time; when Gutheim departed for New Orleans, the institute closed.
During the 1830s, quite a number of German Jews arrived in the city. On September 19, 1841, the B'nai Yeshurun congregation was organized by the Germans, and was incorporated under the laws of the state February 28, 1842. The first reader was Simon Bamberger. In 1847, James K. Gutheim was elected lecturer and reader of the congregation. He served till 1848, and was succeeded by H. A. Henry and A. Rosenfeld.
Rabbi Isaac Wise
In April 1854, Isaac Mayer Wise became the first rabbi of the B'ne Yeshurun congregation. In that same year, Wise's brother-in-law, Edward Bloch, followed him to Cincinnati, collaborating on the production side of The Israelite and eventually founding what at the time was the largest Jewish publisher in the country, Bloch Publishing Company.
The efforts of these men, aided by Max Lilienthal, who was hired by B'ne Israel the following year, and Jacob Ezekiel, who moved to Cincinnati in 1868 to assist Wise with his college project, made Cincinnati the intellectual capital of American Judaism. The first association of American synagogues, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, was born in Cincinnati in 1873. The first Jewish institute of higher education, the Hebrew Union College, opened in 1875, followed by the Hebrew Sabbath-School Union in 1886 and the Central Conference of American Rabbis in 1889. Manischevitz, the first to automate matzoh baking, opened in 1888.
The Israelite began publication in 1854. After The Occident gave up in 1861 trying to replace the weekly Asmonean (ceased in 1858)
and returned to its monthly format, until 1875, when The Jewish Week appeared, The Israelite was the only Jewish weekly in the country. Like the Forverts later, it published fiction and essays as well as news. Its only intellectual competitor, the monthly Occident, ceased in 1869. With its supplement in German, Die Deborah, The Israelite was the only bilingual Jewish publication in the United States.
The importance of Cincinnati for American Judaism at the time is somewhat obscured by subsequent developments. What happened in Cincinnati is thought of now as the birth of Reform Judaism in America, but at the time it was not so viewed. This was American Judaism, full stop. These were the only Jewish institutions. Wise was creating a Union of American Hebrew Congregations, not the Union for Reform Judaism it later became. The first project of this "union" was the creation of the Hebrew Union College. It was no secret that there were more reform-minded rabbis and other more conservative rabbis, but they were all rabbis. American Judaism was not yet split into subgroupings (Reform, Conservative, etc.), nor was there a feeling that eventually it would be. To the contrary, Rabbi Wise wanted and worked for unity.
The deaths of Joseph Ezekiel in 1899 and Rabbi Wise in 1900 mark the end of the period. Bloch Publishing moved to New York City in 1901. In 1951, the UAHC (now called the Union for Reform Judaism) moved its headquarters to the demographic center of American Jewry in New York City. Under pressure from the great wave of Jewish immigrants from eastern Europe, where Jewish reform was almost unknown, Reform Judaism became much less audacious than it had been in Cincinnati in the 2nd half of the 19th century, when it was still reform and not Reform Judaism. And Jewish unity was gone, apparently for good.
The Plum Street Temple
In 1866, the congregation built the architecturally notable Plum Street Temple, as the Isaac M. Wise Temple. Dr. Lilienthal died in office April 5, 1882. He was succeeded as rabbi of the Congregation B'ne Israel by Raphael Benjamin, who served till November 1888, when David Philipson, took charge of the congregation. Dr. Wise served as rabbi of the B'ne Yeshurun congregation till the day of his death, March 26, 1900, being succeeded by his associate, Louis Grossman. Dr. Grossman had been preceded as associate rabbi by Rabbi Charles S. Levi, who served from September 1889 to September 1898.
Educational work
The other congregations of the city, which continued to adhere to Orthodoxy, were the Adath Israel, organized in 1847; the Ahabath Achim, organized in 1848; and the Sherith Israel, organized in 1855. There were also a number of smaller congregations. Each of these congregations conducted its own religious school, and there were also two free religious schools; one holding its sessions in the schoolrooms of the Mound Street Temple (B'ne Israel), and the other, conducted under the auspices of the local branch of the Council of Jewish Women, meeting at the Jewish Settlement. One of these congregations enjoys the distinction of having petitioned overseas halakhic authority Rabbi Naftali Zvi Yehuda Berlin regarding the appropriate manner in which to inaugurate a Torah scroll in the synagogue. [R. Berlin's response is published in his She'elot Uteshuvot Meshiv Davar, I, no. 16, and possesses practical halakhic ramifications until today, as explained by Rabbi J. David Bleich in the latter's Contemporary Halakhic Problems V, p. 386.]
A large Talmud Torah school was conducted by the Talmud Torah Association on Barr Street. Night classes for various English and industrial branches of study were a feature of the work of the Jewish Settlement. The Jewish Kitchen Garden Association conducted a large school for girls in the building of the United Jewish Charities every Sunday morning, where instruction is given in dressmaking, millinery, housekeeping, cooking, stenography, typewriting, and allied subjects. An industrial school for girls was conducted during the summer months in the vestry-rooms of the Plum street temple (B'ne Yeshurun), and one for boys during the school year in the Ohio Mechanics Institute building. There was a training-school for nurses in connection with the Jewish Hospital.
The Jewish charities of Cincinnati were exceptionally well organized. All the relief and educational agencies joined their forces in April 1896, and formed the United Jewish Charities. This body comprised the following federated societies: Hebrew General Relief Association, Jewish Ladies’ Sewing Society, Jewish Foster Home, Jewish Kitchen Garden Association, Boys’ Industrial School, Girls’ Industrial School, and Society for the Relief of Jewish Sick Poor. The United Charities also granted an annual subvention to the Denver Hospital for Consumptives and to the local Jewish Settlement Association. The seat of the National Jewish Charities is also in Cincinnati, where the national organization was called into being in May 1899. Besides the United Jewish Charities, Cincinnati supported the Jewish Hospital and the Home for the Jewish Aged and Infirm, and was one of the largest contributors to the Jewish Orphan Asylum at Cleveland.
The Jews of Cincinnati participated actively in civic life and filled many local positions of trust, as well as state, judicial, and governmental offices. Henry Mack, Charles Fleischmann, James Brown (Ohio politician), and Alfred M. Cohen were elected members of the State Senate, and Joseph Jonas, Jacob Wolf, Daniel Wolf, and Harry M. Hoffheimer served in the State House of Representatives. Jacob Shroder was judge of the court of common pleas for a number of years, and Frederick S. Spiegel held the same position as of 1902. Julius Fleischmann was the mayor of the city. Nathaniel Newburgh was appointed appraiser of merchandise by President Cleveland during his first administration, and Bernhard Bettmann was collector of internal revenue since 1897. Lewis S. Rosenstiel, a grandson of Frederick A. Johnson—the first Jew born in the city, was the founder and chairman of Schenley Industries and was the nation's largest distiller for half of the twentieth-century.
In 1900, the estimated Jewish population of the city stood around 15,000, in a total population of 325,902.
By 2008, the estimated Jewish population of the Cincinnati metropolitan area stood around 27,000.
Newspapers
The second Jewish newspaper in the United States was the English-language The Israelite, established in Cincinnati in 1854. (The first was the Asmonean.) It was founded by Rabbi Wise and (after its initial issues, which were published by Charles F. Schmidt), it began to be published by Edward Bloch with the issue of July 27, 1855. Rabbi Wise also founded (and Bloch published) the German-language Die Deborah in 1855. The Israelite was renamed The American Israelite in 1874. Rabbi Wise's son Leo Wise took over as its publisher from 1883–1884, and then he did so again, permanently, in 1888. The American Israelite still exists and is the longest-running Jewish newspaper in the United States. Another newspaper, The Sabbath Visitor, established 1874, was discontinued in 1892.
The "Every Friday" newspaper was an Anglo-Jewish newspaper of Jewish affairs, founded and published by Mr. Samuel M. Schmidt in the Cincinnati area between 1927 through 1965. It was considered by most to be a newspaper for the Orthodox Jews in Cincinnati and surrounding areas.
Businesses
The B. Manischewitz Company, LLC was founded by Rabbi Dov Behr Manischewitz, in Cincinnati in 1888. Their original product, the square matzah, revolutionized matzoh making. Previously matzot were hand rolled and trimmed.
In the late 1800s Jewish Russian immigrant David Kadetz settled in Cincinnati, and offered his flair for cooking at the renowned St. Nicolas Hotel. A Cincinnati culinary institution, Kadetz' Kosher, opened in 1901 as the first kosher restaurant west of the Alleghenies.
20th century
Notable Cincinnati Jews
Theda Bara - American silent film and stage actress
Michael L. Chyet - linguist
Michael Dine - theoretical physicist
Sarah Jessica Parker - Emmy award-winning American actress
Jerry Rubin - American social activist, anti-war leader, and counterculture icon
Albert Sabin - Medical researcher who developed oral polio vaccine
Eliezer Silver - President of the Union of Orthodox Rabbis of the U.S. and Canada
Steven Spielberg - Academy Award-winning film director
Jerry Springer - 56th Mayor of Cincinnati (1977–78)
Joseph Strauss - Chief structural engineer of the Golden Gate Bridge
Isaac Mayer Wise - Rabbi, editor, author, and founder of Reform Judaism
Kevin Youkilis - 3x All-Star, 2x World Series Champion baseball player
Notes
References
Jewish Encyclopedia
By : Cyrus Adler & David Philipson
External links
Hidden Jewish Cincinnati
Jewish Federation of Cincinnati
David's Voice - The Voice of Cincinnati's Jewish Community
The Jewish Community of Cincinnati, The Museum of the Jewish People at Beit Hatfutsot
Die Deborah is a digitized periodical at the Leo Baeck Institute
Jewish
Cincinnati |
4012739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernest%20I%2C%20Duke%20of%20Swabia | Ernest I, Duke of Swabia | Ernest I (died 31 March or 31 May 1015) was the Duke of Swabia (1012–1015). He was a younger son of Leopold I, the Babenberg Margrave of Austria. His mother was called Richardis of Sualafeldgau.
Life and family
In 1012 Henry II, King of Germany, gave the Duchy of Swabia to Ernest following the death of its childless ruler Hermann III. In order to further legitimatize his rule as duke, he married Gisela of Swabia, the eldest sister of Hermann.
Ernest and Gisela had two sons, Ernest and Hermann, both of whom would eventually become dukes of Swabia themselves. Ernest died in 1015 as a result of a hunting accident and was succeeded by his son Ernest. He was buried in Würzburg.
References
Sources
10th-century births
1015 deaths
Dukes of Swabia
Hunting accident deaths
Accidental deaths in Germany |
4012742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franksgiving | Franksgiving |
In 1939, President Franklin D. Roosevelt moved the Thanksgiving holiday one week earlier than normal, believing that doing so would help bolster retail sales during one of the final years of the Great Depression. This led to much upheaval and protest, causing some to deride the holiday as Franksgiving. The term Franksgiving is a portmanteau of Franklin and Thanksgiving and was coined by Atlantic City mayor Charles D. White in 1939. In 1941, Congress compromised by fixing Thanksgiving on the fourth Thursday of November.
History
In August 1939, Lew Hahn, general manager of the Retail Dry Goods Association, warned Secretary of Commerce Harry Hopkins that the late calendar date of Thanksgiving that year (November 30) could possibly have an adverse effect on retail sales. At the time, it was considered bad form for retailers to display Christmas decorations or have "Christmas" sales before the celebration of Thanksgiving, a phenomenon today referred to as "Christmas creep".
In keeping with a custom begun by President Abraham Lincoln in 1863, U.S. Presidents had declared a general day of thanksgiving to be observed on the last Thursday in November. By late August of that year, President Roosevelt decided to deviate from this custom and declare November 23, the second-to-last Thursday, as Thanksgiving that year.
The plan encountered immediate opposition. Alf Landon, Roosevelt's Republican challenger in the preceding election, called the declaration "another illustration of the confusion which [Roosevelt's] impulsiveness has caused so frequently during his administration. If the change has any merit at all, more time should have been taken working it out... instead of springing it upon an unprepared country with the omnipotence of a Hitler." While not all critics were political opponents of the president, most parts of New England (then a Republican stronghold relative to the rest of the nation) were among the most vocal areas. James Frasier, the chairman of the selectmen of Plymouth, Massachusetts (the location of the first Thanksgiving holiday) "heartily disapproved".
The short-notice change in dates affected the holiday plans of millions of Americans. For example, many college football teams routinely ended their seasons with rivalry games on Thanksgiving, and had scheduled them that year for the last day in November; some athletic conferences had rules permitting games only through the Saturday following Thanksgiving. If the date were changed, many of these teams would play their games for empty stadiums or not at all. The change also caused problems for college registrars, schedulers, and calendar makers.
A late 1939 Gallup poll indicated that Democrats favored the switch 52% to 48%, while Republicans opposed it 79% to 21%, and that Americans overall opposed the change 62% to 38%.
After announcing August 31, 1939, that he would similarly designate November 21, 1940 (the next year), Roosevelt issued on October 31 his official proclamation calling for "a day of general thanksgiving" on November 23. Such declarations amount to using the "moral authority" of the Presidency, and each state government can independently determine when to cancel work for state (and in some cases, municipal) employees. Twenty-three states' governments and the District of Columbia recognized the non-traditional date, twenty-two states preserved the traditional date on November 30, and the remaining three – Colorado, Mississippi, and Texas – gave holidays in both weeks.
In 1940, 32 states' governments and the District of Columbia observed the earlier date on November 21, while 16 states chose what some were calling the "Republican" Thanksgiving on the 28th.
A 1941 Commerce Department survey found no significant expansion of retail sales due to the change. November of that year once again saw 32 states and the District of Columbia observing the holiday on the 20th, while the remaining 16 states did so on the 27th.
Roughly two in seven last Thursdays of November are the fifth Thursday of that month; in 1939, the fourth (but second to last) Thursday had been named in the presidential proclamation, in lieu of that year's fifth (and last) Thursday. The second and third of the then non-traditional Thanksgivings remain outliers. Specifically, the presidential proclamation of November 9, 1940 and November 8, 1941 called for observances on November 21, 1940 and November 20, 1941, respectively, the third (and second to last) Thursdays. Every such holiday in the 20th century until 1939 had fit into the former tradition, and each year from 1942 on employed the traditional fourth-Thursday celebration.
That new approach was embodied in a joint resolution of Congress, signed into law by President Roosevelt on November 26, 1941, and designating the fourth Thursday in November of each year as Thanksgiving Day. (Prior to that in the 20th century, the phrase "Thanksgiving Day" had been used in the prose of the presidential proclamation only in Calvin Coolidge's first, among his six.) In November 1942, Roosevelt's proclamation made mention of the joint resolution, and of the date it established as Thanksgiving Day, and called for observation "in prayer" of both it and the New Year's Day to follow.
The majority of states immediately changed their laws to coincide with the nationally observed date. The first year following the joint resolution with five Thursdays in November was 1944, and Thanksgiving was observed on the 23rd of the month with the exception of the States of Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Nebraska, Tennessee, Texas, and Virginia. (The nation was in the midst of World War II, and most nationwide celebrations as well as many regional ones were on hiatus at the time. It would not be until after the end of the war, 1945, that the new date of Thanksgiving would fully take root.) Also in 1945, 1950, 1951, and 1956, November had five Thursdays. Texas was the last state to change its law, observing the last-Thursday Thanksgiving for the final time in 1956.
In media
In a number of popular radio shows of the time, such as those featuring Burns and Allen and Jack Benny, the confusion over when to observe Thanksgiving Day was the source for jokes.
In the 1940 Warner Bros. Merrie Melodies cartoon Holiday Highlights, directed by Tex Avery, the introduction to a segment about Thanksgiving shows the holiday falling on two different dates, one "for Democrats" and one a week later "for Republicans."
The competing dates for Thanksgiving are parodied in the 1942 film Holiday Inn. In the film, a November calendar appears on which an animated turkey jumps back and forth between the two weeks, until he gives up and shrugs his shoulders at the audience.
In the 1940 Three Stooges short film No Census, No Feeling, Curly makes mention of the Fourth of July being in October. When Moe questions him, Curly replies, "You never can tell. Look what they did to Thanksgiving!"
References
External links
Letters, postcards, and telegrams received by Roosevelt concerning his decision
Great Depression in the United States
Public holidays in the United States
Thanksgiving (United States)
Presidency of Franklin D. Roosevelt
Political terminology of the United States |
4012746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20Bhanumathi | P. Bhanumathi | P. Bhanumathi Ramakrishna (7 September 1925 – 24 December 2005) was an Indian actress, director, music director, singer, producer, novelist and lyricist. Widely known as the first female super star of Telugu cinema, Bhanumathi appeared in over 100 films predominantly in Telugu and Tamil languages . She was awarded the Padma Bhushan in 2001 for her contribution to the Indian cinema. She was honored among "women in cinema" at the 30th International Film Festival of India.
Early life
Bhanumathi was born on 7 September 1925 in Doddavaram village of Prakasam district, near Ongole, Andhra Pradesh. She is the third child to Saraswatamma and Bommaraju Venkata Subbaiah. She grew up watching her father perform in various stage shows. Her father, Venkata Subbiah, was a lover of classical music and trained her in music from an early age.
Career
Bhanumathi entered the film industry in 1939, and acted in over 100 films in Tamil and Telugu. She was also called as Ashtavadhani by the film industry people as she was a writer, actor, director, producer, singer, music director, editor and studio owner. She also had a good knowledge of astrology and philosophy. She is regarded as the first female super star of Telugu cinema.
Film career
She made her debut in Telugu cinema in 1939 as Kalindi (a 13 years old girl who is forced to marry an old man and ended her life by committing suicide) in Vara Vikrayam (Telugu), directed by C. Pullaiah. She had acted in Malathi Madhavam, Dharma Patni and Bhaktimala. Her first popular film was Krishna Prema.
Her next popular film was Swargaseema, a milestone film in her career. In Swargaseema, she played the role of a theater artist with negative shades who is after a married person for her personal benefits. Oho Pavurama song (sung by her) in Swargaseema became a super hit and she was showered with offers.
She later acted in many memorable movies like Chakrapani, Laila Majnu, Vipranarayana, Malliswari, Batasari and Anthastulu. Her first film in Tamil was Ratnakumar in the year 1949 along with the famous hero of those day P. U. Chinnappa. This film was directed by Krishnan–Panju. In 1953, she made her directorial debut with Chandirani (made simultaneously in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi).
Her last film was made in 1998, entitled Pelli Kanuka. C. N. Annadurai gave her a title "Nadippukku Ilakkanam" () (Grammar for acting) that suits her aptly. She was revered by many actors she had worked with like N.T.Rama Rao, Sivaji Ganesan, M. G. Ramachandran, Akkineni Nageswara Rao, Nagarjuna, Balakrishna, ChiranJeevi, Pawan Kalyan, Venkatesh for her bold and prolific versatility. One of her memorable movies in Tamil was Annai, in the year 1962 directed by Krishnan–Panju, where her acting was appreciated by all and also got the National Award for the film and for also performances in movies Anthasthulu and Palnati Yudham (1964) she received National Awards (Rashtrapati Award). She is the last recipient of Rashtrapati Award.
Due to her rift with Aluri Chakrapani, she left her role in Missamma movie (Initially Bhanumathi was shot for some scenes in the movie before being replaced by savitri ) but after the release of the movie she watched and commented that "she lost a wonderful role but industry gained a talented actress like savitri" which showed her sportiveness and encouragement towards new actors.
Due to clash with Aluri Chakrapani, she produced a satirical movie on him titled Chakrapani which was a huge hit and became a classic in Tollywood for this movie she also worked as music director.
For the movie Anthasthulu (1964), VB Rajendra Prasad had approached Bhanumathi for the role of Akkineni Nageswara Rao's sister. She liked the subject and agreed to do the film immediately. The crew booked a room in "Ritz-Carlton" in Hyderabad and she did not want to waste money, so she offered to stay at Sarathi Studios, which had an open area and snakes. The next morning she woke up with her nails bitten by rats. The director decided to cancel the shoot, VB Rajendra Prasad rushed to see Bhanumathi applying iodine casually on the nails and asking when she could start work. While continuing with the shooting, she said, "If you cancel shoot for small things how will I be a Bhanumathi (which means ‘shining like the sun’ in Sanskrit)."
India's First Vice-President Sarvepalli RadhaKrishnan was a fan of her work. Telugu cinema Veterans like Jamuna, Savitri and so many actresses cited her as an inspiration for entering into movies. she is widely recalled by her close associates as 'Epitome of Self-Respect and Versatility'. She is the only Female Film Studio owner in our country. She is called as Ashtavadhani by Tamil people. After seeing her performance in Ragoon Radha film C.N.Annadurai honoured her with title "Nadippukku llakkanam".
In later years, she continued to act in pivotal roles in many hit movies like Tatamma Kala, Mangammagari Manavadu, Gadasari Atta sogasari Kodallu, Muddula Manavaralu, Bamma Maata bangaru Baata, Peddarikam and Pelli kanuka.
In Malliswari, Chakrapani, Chandirani, Vipranarayana she played romantic, fun loving and playful characters. In movies like Tatamma Kala, Batasari, Chintamani, Annai and Mangammagari Manavadu she played different type of roles and received accolades and movies like Swargaseema, Antastulu, Palnati Yuddham and Peddarikam she played strong minded lady character roles with negative shades and done justice to the role proved that she was an accomplished actress who can easily portray both positive and negative roles with equal magnitude. She is first south Indian actress to receive Padma Awards
Apart from being a fine actress, she was also a talented musician. She was adept in both Carnatic and Hindustani music. She gave voice to her songs despite it being the norm to use playback singers for actors. Some of her songs are still popular like Manasuna mallela, Pilichina biguvatara,Oh baatasaari, Kila Kila Navvulu, Oh Pavurama, Preme Neramauna, Srikara karunaalavaala, Sharanam nee divya charanam and many more in Telugu; and Azhagaana Ponn Naan, Vaarai Inbam Thaaraai, Nilaa Nilaa Odi Vaa, Thalai Vaari Poochoodi Unnai, Kannile Iruppathenna and Annai Enbadhu Neethaanaa in Tamil. She also provided music to a lot of her films.
During her later years, she served on various movie related organizations. She was a Member of State Film Awards Committee for two years. She was also a Visiting Professor at the Film Institute for one year. She was Member of Children Film Society for 5 years, from 1965 to 1970.
In India, she was the first and the only woman to have owned a film studio, first actress to act in a dual role and the first woman to have directed a movie simultaneously in three languages.
On occasion of World Women's day, Sakshi Sunday magazine listed the most successful women from every industry and she was listed in the one for those from the movie industry. It was also added that the present highly successful heroines could not reach the heights Bhanumathi reached and that it is an impossible task for anyone to reach her level of success.
Literary career
Bhanumathi was also a talented writer with a number of short stories to her credit. Her autobiography Nalo Nenu was published in Telugu and later, released in English as Musings. Andhra Pradesh Sahitya Academy awarded her as the best short story writer for her popular short stories "Attagari Kathalu". She was a Member of Lalit Kala Academy for 5 years, and Sahitya Academy, Andhra Pradesh for 10 years. She served as Director and Principal of the Tamil Nadu Government Music College,
Philanthropy
She was an eminent social worker who was closely associated with a number of Social Service Organizations. She was the founder member and treasurer of Madras branch of Altrusa International Inc., Chicago for lifelong starting from 1963. She was a life member of the 'Red Cross Society'. She established an educational institution named as "Dr. Bhanumathi Ramakrishna Matriculation School" at Saligramam, Chennai providing free education to the poor.
Personal life
During the shooting of the film Krishna Prema, she met P. S. Ramakrishna Rao (1918-1986), an assistant director for that film. He was a film producer, director and editor of Telugu and Tamil Films. The couple married on 8 August 1943 and have one son, Bharani. Later they launched a popular production company, Bharani Pictures on their son's name. She died at the age of 80 years in Chennai.
Awards
Civilian honors
Padma Bhushan in 2001
Padma Shri in 1966
Rashtrapati Award in acting
Annai in 1962
Antastulu in 1965
Palnati Yuddham in 1966
National Film Awards
Government National Award for Best Writer for the book "Nalo Nenu" an autobiography in 1994.
Filmfare Awards South
Filmfare Lifetime Achievement Award – South (1987)
Nandi Awards
Raghupathi Venkaiah Award, from the Government of Andhra Pradesh, in 1985
Nandi Award for Best Director in 1986
NTR National Award, from the Government of Andhra Pradesh, in 2000
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards
Tamil Nadu State Film Honorary Award – "Arignar Anna Award" in 1992
State Awards
Kalaimamani (connoisseur of arts), Government of Tamil Nadu, in 1983
Other honors
Kalaprapoorna, Andhra University, Visakhapatnam, in 1975
Honorary Doctorate, Sri Venkateswara University, Tirupathi, in 1984
Raja-Lakshmi Award for the year 1998 from Sri Raja-Lakshmi Foundation, Chennai
C.N.Annadurai honoured her with a title "Nadippukku Ilakkanam" for her remarkable performance in "Rangoon Radha"
She was one of the dignitaries been honored by Andhra Pradesh government at the time of state formation in 1956.
Filmography
This is partial list of her films.
{| class="wikitable sortable"
|-
! Year !! Film !! Language !! Role !! Co-Star !! Song !! Composer !! Banner
|-
| 1939 || Vara Vikrayam || Telugu || Kalindi || Chittor V. Nagaiah || || Prabhala Satyanarayana || East India Film Company
|-
| 1939 || Santhana Devan || Tamil || || G. M. Basheer || * Maarudhale Yaavum* Dayaa Nithiye || G. Rajagopal Naidu || Modern Theatres
|-
| 1940 || Malathi Madhavam || Telugu || || || || || East India Film Company
|-
| 1941 || Bhaktimala || Telugu || Radha || || || || Bhaskar Films
|-
|1941
|Dharmapatni
|Tamil
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1941
| Dharmapatni
| Telugu
|
|
|* Anuraagam Leka Anandamunda* Nilu Niluma Neelavarnaa
|
| Famous Films
|-
| 1943
| Garuda Garvabhangam
| Telugu
|
|
|
|
| Pratiba
|-
| 1943 || Krishna Prema || Telugu || Chandravali || || * Ekkadunnaave Pillaa ekkadunnaave (with Addanki)* Oogave Oogave Uyyaalaa || Galipenchala Narasimha Rao || Famous Films & Star Combines
|-
| 1944
| Tahsildar
| Telugu
| Kamala
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1945 || Swarga Seema || Telugu || Subbi/Sujatha Devi || Chittor V. Nagaiah ||* Oho Ho Pavurama* Oho Tapodhana* Madhura Vennelareyi (with Ghantasala)* Manchidinamu Nede || Chittor V. Nagaiah || Vijaya Studios
|-
| 1946
| Gruhapravesam
| Telugu
| Janaki
|
|
|
| Sarati Films
|-
| 1947 || Ratnamala || Telugu || Ratnamala || C. S. R. Anjaneyulu || * Anandadayini * Madana || C. R. Subburaman || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1948 || Raja Mukthi || Tamil || Kannika || M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar || * Sarasa Sallabam Seiyya Arugil Vaarumaiyya* Swami Arunkanigal Ivaiye Paareer (with M. K. Thyagaraja Bhagavathar)* Sandhoshamaai Anbar Varuvaaradi (with M. L. Vasanthakumari) || C. R. Subburaman || Narendra Pictures
|-
| 1949 || Laila Majnu || Telugu || Laila || A. Nageswara Rao || * Neevene Naa Chaduvu (with Ghantasala) & P. Leela)* Aaha Pahliyanchega * Viri Tavula Lona (with Ghantasala)* Chera Raavo (with Ghantasala)* Raavo Naanu Marachitivo (with Ghantasala) * Ninu Basi Povudana * Preme Neramounaa * Chelunigani Nijamidani Telupuma O Jaabili (with Ghantasala)* Taanedano || C. R. Subburaman || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1949 || Laila Majnu || Tamil || Laila || A. Nageswara Rao || * Nee Thaane Ennasai (with Ghantasala & P. Leela)* Aaha Palan Vandhadhe * Iga Vaazhvinil Kaadhal Mahajothiye Maarumaa (with Ghantasala)* Jothi Minnum (with Ghantasala)* Vaaraayo Enai Marandhanaiyo (with Ghantasala)* Unnai Paarkka Pogirenaa Oru Maasilladha Kaif * Premaithaan Polladhaa* Enadhu Uyir Urugum Nilai Solluvaai Nee Vaanmathi (with Ghantasala) || C. R. Subburaman || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1949 || Nallathambi || Tamil || Pushpa || N. S. Krishnan || * Enadhu Uyir Egypttu * Malarthanil Oru Azhagu Mayil (with Ghantasala)* Varuvaare Dear Varuvaare * Naan Vanangum Deivam || C. R. Subburaman || NSK Films & Uma Pictures
|-
| 1949 || Raksha Rekha || Telugu || Princess Kalavathi || A. Nageswara Rao || * Oho Rajasukumara* Abhayammu Neevegaa* Jeevana Doli (with Ghantasala) || Ogirala Ramachandra Rao & H. R. Padmanabha Sastri ||
R. Padmanabhan Productions
|-
| 1949
| Devamanohari
| Tamil
| Devamanohari
| C. Honnappa Bhagavathar
|
| G. Ramanathan
| Arkays Pictures
|-
| 1949 || Apoorva Sagodharargal || Tamil || Kanchana || M. K. Radha || * Aaha Aaduvene Geetham Paaduvene (with T. A. Mothi)* Laddu Laddu Mittai Venumaa* Maanum Mayilum Aadum Solai * Manamohaname Vana Vaasame
|| S. Rajeswara Rao || Gemini Studios
|-
| 1949 || Apoorva Sahodaralu || Telugu || Ranjana || M. K. Radha || * Aaha Sukhadayi (with T. A. Mothi) || S. Rajeswara Rao || Gemini Studios
|-
| 1949 || Nishaan || Hindi || Kanchana || M. K. Radha || || S. Rajeswara Rao || Gemini Studios
|-
| 1949 || Rathnakumar || Tamil || || P. U. Chinnappa Bhagavathar || * Ganavaangale Vaango (with P. U. Chinnappa)* Andhi Nerame Inbame (with P. U. Chinnappa)* Sollarum Anandam Enadhu Vaazhvil Indre Duraiye (with P. U. Chinnappa)* Ananda Vellam (with P. U. Chinnappa)* Varattum, Vandhaal Vazhi Solven * Nin Paadham Varave Thaaye Nee Dhayai Purivaaiye * Vizhudhu Vittu Thazhaithongi * Muzhuthunnai Nambinen * Aadavar Kaadhal Idhudhaano || G. Ramanathan & C. R. Subburaman || Murugan Talkies
|-
| 1950
| Maya Rambha
| Telugu
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1951 || Malleeswari || Telugu || Malleeswari || N. T. Rama Rao ||* Manasuna Mallera Maalaloogene* Parugulu Teeyali O Gittalu Urakalu Veyali (with Ghantasala)* Pilachina Biguvatara Auraura* Eda Thanunnado Baava (with Ghantasala) || Adepalli Rama Rao & S. Rajeswara Rao || Vijaya Studios
|-
| 1951 || Mangala || Telugu || Mangala || Ranjan || || M. D. Parthasarathy || Gemini Studios
|-
| 1951 || Mangla || Hindi|| Mangala || Ranjan || || M. D. Parthasarathy || Gemini Studios
|-
| 1952 || Prema || Telugu || Mothi || A. Nageswara Rao ||* Divya Premaku Satiaune (with Ghantasala)* Aagavoyi Maraja* Oh Hayiga* Pelliyanta Pelliyanta* Priyuni Baase* Rojuku Roju (with Ghantasala*Ee Lokamantha* Neeti Leni Lokamaa*Hayi Jeevithame || C. R. Subburaman || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1952 || Kaadhal || Tamil || Mothi || A. Nageswara Rao || * Inba Kaaviyam Aagum Vaazhve (with Ghantasala)* Jeevidhamellaam (with Ghantasala)* Aahaa Inbame Aahaa Engume Aahaa Pongudhe* Kanavu Thaano Ninaivu Yaavum Kaanal Neeraamo || C. R. Subburaman || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1952 || Rani || Tamil || Rani/Ranjani || S. Balachander || * Naane Gnaaniyar* Madhi Mayangum Malar Vanam* Karugi Pugaiyum Pugaiye* Unmaiyillaadha Ulagile* Samayam Vaachchadhu* Cheeppu Chunukkani Chimini* Samarasam Nilaiperum (with C. R. Subburaman || C. R. Subburaman || Jupiter Pictures
|-
| 1952 || Rani || Hindi || Rani/Ranjani || Anoop Kumar || || C. R. Subburaman || Jupiter Pictures
|-
| 1953 || Chandirani || Tamil || Champa & Chandi || N. T. Rama Rao || * En Vaazhvinile Naan Magizhum Naal Iidhuve Thaan* Innadhendru Ariyaamal * En Vaazhvellaam Siraivaasamo* Nilaa Nilaa Odi Vaa Nillaamal Odi Vaa* Vaan Meedhile Inba Then Maari Peyuthe (with Ghantasala)* Meow Meow || C. R. Subburaman & M. S. Viswanathan|| Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1953
| Chandirani
| Telugu
| Champa & Chandi
| N. T. Rama Rao
| * Eeroju Bhale Roju Ide Prema Idena* Enduko Teliyani Ennadu Anukoni Ee Sambaraalemiti* Evaraalakinturu Naamora Enaleni Vedana* Kilaa Kilaa Navvulaa Kurisene Vennelaa* O Taraka (with Ghantasala)* Meow Meow
| C. R. Subburaman & M. S. Viswanathan
| Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1953
| Chandirani
| Hindi
| Champa & Chandi
| Dilip Kumar
|
| C. R. Subburaman & M. S. Viswanathan
| Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1954
| Aggi Ramudu
| Telugu
| Saradha
| N. T. Rama Rao
|
| S. M. Subbaiah Naidu
| Pakshiraja Studios
|-
| 1954
| Malaikkallan
| Tamil
| Poonkothai
| M. G. Ramachandran
| * Unnai Azhaithathu Yaaro* Pengale Ulangalile* Nalla Sagunam Nokki* Naane Inba Roja* Naalai
| S. M. Subbaiah Naidu
| Pakshiraja Studios
|-
| 1954 || Chakrapani || Telugu || Malati || A. Nageswara Rao ||* Pakkala Nilabadi Kolichemu* Uyyala Jampalaloogaravaya * O Malathi Lata * Mella Mellaga || P. Bhanumathi || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1955 || Vipranarayana || Telugu || Devadevi || A. Nageswara Rao || * Anuraagalu Dhooramu (with A. M. Rajah)* Endhukoyi Thotamali* Evvade Athadevvade* Madhura Madhuramee (with A. M. Rajah)* Nanu Vidanaadakura* Raa Raa Naa Swamy* Ranga Rangayani* Saavirahe Thava Dheena* Thillana* Yela Naapai Dhaya Choopavu* Slokams || S. Rajeswara Rao || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1955 || Vipranarayana || Tamil || Devadevi || A. Nageswara Rao || * Malaril Madhuvellaam (with A. M. Rajah)* Ini Aagatha Sogam (with A. M. Rajah)* Naayagane Jaya Geeta Radha || S. Rajeswara Rao || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1955 || Kalvanin Kadhali || Tamil || Kalyani || Sivaji Ganesan || * Manadhil Urudhi Vendum (with T. M. Soundararajan)* Nallathor Veenai Seidhe* Alli Malar Solai Inba Valli Ival Thaane* Veyilukketha Nizhalundu (with Ghantasala) || G. Govindarajulu Naidu & Ghantasala || Revathi Productions
|-
| 1956 || Alibabavum Narpadhu Thirudargalum || Tamil || Marziyana ||M. G. Ramachandran || * Maasila Unmai Kaadhale (with A. M. Rajah)* Azhagaana Ponnu Naan* Unnaivida Maatten* Anbinaale Aalavandha* En Aattamellaam || S. Dakshinamurthy || Modern Theatres
|-
| 1956
| Alibaba 40 Dongalu
| Telugu
| Marziyana
| M. G. Ramachandran
|
| S. Dakshinamurthy
| Modern Theatres
|-
| 1956
| Chintamani
| Telugu
| Chintamani
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1956
| Madurai Veeran
| Tamil
| Princess Bommi
| M. G. Ramachandran
| * Avarkkum Enakkum
| G. Ramanathan
| Krishna Pictures
|-
| 1956
| Rangoon Radha
| Tamil
| Rangam
| Sivaji Ganesan
| * Thalai Vaari Poochoodi Unnai* Kaatril Aadum Mullaikkodiye* Thamizhe Thene Kanne Thaalelo* Kaiyil Pirambedutthu (with N. S. Krishnan)
| T. R. Papa
| Mekala Pictures
|-
| 1956
| Tenali Ramakrishna
| Telugu
| Rangasaani
| N. T. Rama Rao & A. Nageswara Rao
|* Kannulu Ninde Kannela Vinna Mannanaleera Raja* Teerani Naa Korikale Teerenu Ee Roju
| Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy
| Vikram Productions
|-
| 1956
| Tenali Raman
| Tamil
| Krishnasani
| N. T. Rama Rao & Sivaji Ganesan
| * Kangalil Adidum Penmaiyin Nadagam* Kannamirandum Minnidum Annam* Pirandha Nal Mannan Pirandha Nal* Vinnulagil Minni Varum Tharagaiye Po Po
| Viswanathan–Ramamoorthy
| Vikram Productions
|-
| 1956
| Sadhaaram
| Tamil
| Sadharam
| Gemini Ganesan & K. R. Ramaswamy
| * Ponggi Varum Pudhu Nilave (with T. M. Soundararajan)* Enggum Oli Veesudhe Ennai Thedi (with A. P. Komala & A. G. Rathnamala)* Thaaye Ezhai Mugam
| G. Ramanathan
| Kasturi Films
|-
| 1956
| Thaaikkuppin Thaaram
| Tamil
| Sivakami
| M. G. Ramachandran
| * Aaha Nam Aaasai Niraiveruma (with T. M. Soundararajan)* Asaindhaadum Thendrale* En Kaadhal Inbam (with A. M. Rajah)
| K. V. Mahadevan
| Devar Films
|-
| 1956
| Rambaiyin Kaadhal
| Tamil
| Ramba
| K. A. Thangavelu
| * Kannaala Vaazhvile Kaadhal Poithaana* Kannaala Vaazhvile Kaadhal Poithaana (with P. Suseela)* Aadavaareer Indre Aadavaareer
| T. R. Papa
| Kalpana Pictures
|-
| 1957
| Makkalai Petra Magarasi
| Tamil
| Rangamma
| Sivaji Ganesan
| * Sonna Pechcha Ketkanum* Vandhadhu Yaar Endru Theriyuma* Poravale Poravale (with T. M. Soundararajan)
| K. V. Mahadevan
| Sri Lakshmi Pictures
|-
| 1957 || Manamagan Thevai || Tamil || Banumathi || Sivaji Ganesan || * Nenjinile Pugundhu* Yengo Kulukku Thalukku Thevalaiya* Velavare Ummai Thedi* Vennila Jothiyai Veesuthe (with Ghantasala & Pithapuram Nageswara Rao) * Naanthaan Un Kaadhalan (with Seerkazhi Govindarajan)* Krishna Nee Begane Vaarai || G. Ramanathan || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1957 || Varudu Kavali || Telugu || Banumathi ||Jaggayya || * Andachandaala O Taarakaa (with Ghantasala & Pithapuram Nageswara Rao) ||G. Ramanathan ||Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1957 || Rani Lalithangi || Tamil || Lalithangi || Sivaji Ganesan || * Inbam Perinbam* Madhunilai Maaradha Manadhodu* Ennai Ariyaamal Thulludhu Manam || G. Ramanathan || TNR Productions
|-
| 1957
| Ambikapathy
| Tamil
| Princess Amaravati
| Sivaji Ganesan
| * Kannile Iruppathenna Kanni * Maasila Nilave Nam (with T. M. Soundararajan)* Vaadaa Malare (with T. M. Soundararajan)
| G. Ramanathan
| ALS Productions
|-
| 1957
| Nala Dhamayanthi
| Kannada
| Dhamayanthi
| Kemparaj Urs
| *
| B. Gopalam
| Kemparaj Productions
|-
| 1957
| Sarangadhara
| Telugu
| Chitrangi Devi
| N. T. Rama Rao
| * Adugadugo Alladugo * Manasemo Maatalo Dinusemo * Raja Naaraja * Allana Gaadhiraajasutudarmili (with Ghantasala)
| G. Ramanathan
| Minerva Pictures
|-
| 1958
| Sarangadhara
| Tamil
| Chitrangi Devi
| Sivaji Ganesan
| * Arpudha Kaatchi Ondru Kanden* Kannaal Nalla Paaru (with A. P. Komala & K. Rani) * Vandhiduvaar Avar En Manam Pole
| G. Ramanathan
| Minerva Pictures
|-
| 1958
| Nadodi Mannan
| Tamil
| Madhana
| M. G. Ramachandran
| * Sammadhamaa Naan Ungal* Summaakkidandha Nilathai Koththi (with T. M. Soundararajan)
| S. M. Subbaiah Naidu
| Emgeeyar Pictures
|-
| 1959
| Manimekalai
| Tamil
| Manimekalai
| T. R. Mahalingam
| * Kangalin Vennilave (with T. R. Mahalingam)* Inbam Inbam Inbam Indha Ulaginile* Ulagame Oru Sirachchaalai* Aadhaaram Unnai Allaaal
| G. Ramanathan
| Shekhar Art Film Enterprise
|-
| 1959
| Nala Dhamayanthi
| Tamil
| Dhamayanthi
| Kemparaj Urs
| * Sarasam Seiyadhe Maname* Jai Bavani Dhayaarpari* Nan kanda Koyil Endha
| B. Gopalam
| Kemparaj Productions
|-
| 1960
| Raja Bakthi
| Tamil
| Madharasai
| Sivaji Ganesan, Vyjayanthimala
| None
| G. Govindarajulu Naidu
| Revathi Productions
|-
| 1960
| Raja Desingu
| Tamil
| Ranibhai
| M. G. Ramachandran
| * Sarasaraani Kalyani (with C. S. Jayaraman) * Iyalodu Isai Pole (with C. S. Jayaraman)
| G. Ramanathan
| Krishna Pictures
|-
| 1961
| Batasari
| Telugu
| Madhavi
| A. Nageswara Rao
|* Kanulakudoche Chetikandani Endamavulunnai (with Jikki)* Lokamerugani Baala Deeni Pokada Chitramu Chaala* O Batasari Nanu Maruvakoyi* Kanera Kamandhulai Manera Unmadulai
| Master Venu
| Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1961
| Kaanal Neer
| Tamil
| Madhavi
| A. Nageswara Rao
| * Kannil Therindhum Kaikku Varaatha (with Jikki)* Ulagam Theriyaa Payire* Anbaana Enname Paavama* Vazhi Thedi Vandhaai
| Master Venu
| Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1962 || Annai || Tamil || Savithri || S. V. Ranga Rao || * Annai Embadhu Neethaana* Poovaagi Kaayaagi || R. Sudarsanam || AVM Productions
|-
| 1963
| Kalai Arasi
| Tamil
| Vani & Valli
| M. G. Ramachandran
| * Singara Vaa Vaa* Kalaiye Un Ezhil Meni (with Seerkazhi Govindarajan)* Aasai Vaikkiara Idam (with Jikki)* Ninaikkum Podhu Nenjum Kannum
| K. V. Mahadevan
| Sarodi Brothers
|-
| 1963
| Anuragam
|
|
|
|* Sannajaji Teeveloi Sampenga Poovuloi
| Pendyala Nageswara Rao
|
|-
| 1963
| Arivaali
| Tamil
| Manorama
| Sivaji Ganesan
| * Koovatha Inbakkuyil* Venkata Ramana* En Kobam Pollathadhu (with T. M. Soundararajan)
| S. V. Venkatraman
| A. T. K. Productions
|-
| 1963 || Penchina Prema || Telugu || Savithri || S. V. Ranga Rao || * Annai Embadhu Neethaana* Poovaagi Kaayaagi || R. Sudarsanam || AVM Productions
|-
| 1963 || Kaanchi Thalaivan || Tamil || Chola Kumari || M. G. Ramachandran || * Mayangatha Manamyaavum Mayangum || K. V. Mahadevan || Mekala Pictures
|-
| 1964 || Bobbili Yudham || Telugu || Mallamma || N. T. Rama Rao ||* Srikara Karunalavala Venugopala* Ooyalalooginadoyi || S. Rajeswara Rao || Republic Productions
|-
| 1964 || Vivaha Bandham || Telugu || Bharati || N. T. Rama Rao ||* Vinnava Vinnava Manasulona Dagivunna Madhurageeti* ""Neetilona Ningilona (with P. B. Srinivas)* Nagumomu Ganaleni* Alumagalu Vidipoyenanthane* ""Neetilona Ningilona (pathos) (with P. B. Srinivas) || M. B. Sreenivasan & P. Bhanumathi || Navayuga Films
|-
| 1965 || Antastulu || Telugu || Rani || A. Nageswara Rao ||* Dulapara Bulloda Dummu Dulapara Bulloda* Vinara Vissanna Ne Vedam Cheputa Vinaranna || K. V. Mahadevan || Jagapathi Art Productions
|-
| 1965 || Thodu Needa || Telugu || Lakshmi || N. T. Rama Rao || * Enno Ratrulu Vastayi Kaani Idiye Toli Reyi* When I was just a little girl — I asked my mother what will I be|| K. V. Mahadevan || Vijayabhatt Movies
|-
| 1966 || Palnati Yuddham || Telugu || Nagamma || N. T. Rama Rao || * Jaya Sambho || S. Rajeswara Rao || Sri Anuroopa Films
|-
| 1967 || Gruhalakshmi || Telugu || Laxmi || A. Nageswara Rao ||* Laali Laali Gopala Bala Laali Laali* Melukovayya Kaveti ||
| Ranga Sriranga
|-
| 1967 || Pattathu Rani || Tamil || || Gemini Ganesan || * Munnale Oru Ponnu* Sitthan Pokku Sivan Pooku || T. K. Ramamoorthy ||
|-
| 1967 || Nai Roshni || Hindi || Padma Kumar || Ashok Kumar || None || Ravi || Vasu Films
|-
| 1967 || Punyavathi || Telugu || Padmavathi || S. V. Ranga Rao || None || Ghantasala || Vasu Films
|-
| 1968 || Poovum Pottum || Tamil || Padmavathi || S. V. Ranga Rao || None || R. Govardhanam || Vasu Films
|-
| 1971 || Mattilo Manikyam || Telugu || Lalitha || Chalam ||* Saranam Nee Divya Charanam || Satyam ||
|-
| 1972
| Anta Mana Manchike| Telugu
| Savitri
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1973 || Kattila Thottila || Tamil || Dr. Meenakshi || Gemini Ganesan || || V. Kumar || Arul Films
|-
| 1973
| Vichitra Vivaham|Telugu
|
|
|* Ammayilu Abbayilu Naa Matalo Nijam Vintara Meeru|
|
|-
| 1974 || Ammayi Pelli || Telugu || Dr. Meenakshi || N. T. Rama Rao ||* Vandanamu Raghunandana* Naa Kanula Mundara Nuvvunte* Ee Jeevitam Intenaa * Radhika Krishna || P. Bhanumathi & Satyam || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1974 || Tatamma Kala || Telugu || Ravamma || N. T. Rama Rao || * Evaranukunnaru* Ayyalali Muddulayyalali* Korameesam Kurroda (with Ghantasala) || S. Rajeswara Rao || Ramakrishna Cine Studios
|-
| 1974 || Pathu Madha Bandham || Tamil || || S. A. Asokan,B. Sarojadevi, Nirmala, A.V.M Rajan , Muthuraman,R avichandran || * Raamanukku mannan mudi* Irandu thaikku oru magal * Let me sigh, Let me cry ... || Shankar–Ganesh || Sri Navaneetha Films
|-
| 1975 || Ippadiyum Oru Penn || Tamil || || Sivakumar, Devika || * Sarigamapa Paattu Paadunga* Agapatta Varayil (with Manorama) * En vazhkkai un paniye * Naane radhe kanna || P. Bhanumathi || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1977
| Manavadi Kosam| Telugu
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1984 || Bhakta Dhruva Markandeya || Tamil || || || || ||
|-
| 1984 || Mangamma Gari Manavadu || Telugu || Mangamma || Nandamuri Balakrishna, Suhasini ||* Sree Suryanarayana Meluko (with Vani Jayaram) || K. V. Mahadevan || Bhargav Art Productions
|-
| 1986
| Muddula Manavaraalu| Telugu
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1986 || Kannukku Mai Ezhuthu || Tamil || || Sujatha, Sarath Babu ||* Vaadaa Malliye Naan Sooda Mullaiye || Ilaiyaraaja || Blue Moon Movies
|-
| 1987 || Attagaru Zindabad || Telugu || Rajeshwari ||Kalyan Chakravarthy Nandamuri || || || Bharani Pictures
|-
| 1988
| Attagaru Swagatham| Telugu
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1990 || Bamma Maata Bangaru Baata || Telugu || Rajyalakshmamma || Rajendra Prasad, Gautami ||* Dilli Ki Raja Aina Bamma Maata Bangaru Baata* Maa Palle Gopaluda (with S. P. Balasubrahmanyam & P. Suseela || Chandrabose || AVM Productions
|-
| 1992 || Peddarikam || Telugu || Adusumilli Basavapunnamma || Jagapati Babu, Sukanya || None || Raj–Koti || Sri Surya Movies
|-
| 1992 || Perivayar || Tamil || || Jagapati Babu, Sukanya || None || Raj–Koti || Sri Surya Movies
|-
| 1992
| Samrat Ashok| Telugu
|
|
|
|
|
|-
| 1992 || Chembaruthi || Tamil || Bhuvaneswari || Prashanth, Roja || * Sembaruthi Poovu (with S. Janaki & Mano) || Ilaiyaraaja || Motherland Movies
|-
| 1992 || Chamanthi || Telugu || Bhuvaneswari || Prashanth, Roja || || Ilaiyaraaja || Motherland Movies
|-
| 1998 || Pelli Kanuka || Telugu || Savithramma || Jagapati Babu || * Bangaru Bommaki (with S. P. Balasubrahmanyam) || M. M. Keeravani || N. V. S. Creations
|}
Playback singer
Bhanumathi gave her voice for herself and many actors to sing many songs.
Producer
Ratnamala Prema Chakrapani (1954)
Laila Majnu Batasari Vipra NarayanaMusic director
Chakrapani (1954)
Ippadiyum Oru Penn (1975)
Supervisor of music direction
Vichitra Vivaham'' (1973)
See also
Raghupathi Venkaiah Award
References
బహుముఖ ప్రజ్ఞాశాలి
External links
1925 births
2005 deaths
Andhra University alumni
Indian women songwriters
Indian film actresses
Indian women film producers
Film producers from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian actresses
Indian women film directors
People from Ongole
Recipients of the Rashtrapati Award
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in arts
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
Telugu actresses
Telugu film producers
20th-century Indian singers
Film directors from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian film directors
20th-century Indian women artists
20th-century Indian women singers
21st-century Indian singers
21st-century Indian women singers
21st-century Indian women artists
Film musicians from Andhra Pradesh
Women musicians from Andhra Pradesh
Businesswomen from Andhra Pradesh
20th-century Indian businesswomen
20th-century Indian businesspeople |
4012754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tara%20VanFlower | Tara VanFlower | Tara VanFlower is an American singer-songwriter, known for her vocal contributions to darkwave group Lycia. In 1999 she released This Womb Like Liquid Honey on Projekt Records. She released a second album titled My Little Fire-Filled Heart in 2005 by Silber Records.
Discography
Studio albums
This Womb Like Liquid Honey (1999, Projekt)
My Little Fire-Filled Heart (2005, Silber)
Extended plays
Beneath the Moon (2006, Hand/Eye)
References
External links
American rock singers
Dark wave musicians
Gothic rock musicians
Living people
Musicians from Mesa, Arizona
21st-century American singers
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women singers |
4012772 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berja | Berja | Berja () is a municipality, former bishopric and Latin titular see in Almería province, in the autonomous community of Andalusia, southern Spain.
It is located on the south-eastern slope of the Sierra de Gádor, 10 miles north-east of Adra.
History
Berja may have Phoenician or Iberian origins; it was known to the Romans as Vergis or Vergium, and it was part of the province of Baetica. There are Roman remains in the Villa Vieja: an amphitheater and an aqueduct, and mosaics whose style and production are similar to those found in Pompeii and Herculaneum.
Saint Ctesiphon (San Tesifón), patron saint of the town, is said to have preached in the area in the first century, bringing Christianity to the town. From this era are conserved coins, crosses and a sarcophagus found in the neighborhood of Alcaudique, which is now in the National Archaeological Museum (Museo Arqueológico Nacional). A reproduction exists in the Museum of Almería.
The site suffered an earthquake in the fifth century, and the Roman town subsequently dissolved into various smaller communities, one of which –Berja- became the dominant one. After the Moorish invasion of Iberia in the eighth century, the town was known as Berja, and a fortress was built in the town. Remains of Moorish baths can still be seen in the neighborhood of Benejí.
It was occupied by Christian forces in 1489 during the Reconquista. The Morisco Revolt in 1568 led to many deaths in Berja, which was nearly depopulated after the end of the uprising. In autumn of 1588 two hermits arrived in Berja named Domingo de San Juan and Juan de Santa María, who founded in the depopulated area of Pixnela the sanctuary dedicated to a patroness of Berja: the Virgen de Gádor (Virgin of Gádor, also in Almeria province).
Berja would be administered from Ugíjar until October 29, 1753, when it was allowed to have its own mayor, forming part of the administrative area of Las Alpujarras, within the old kingdom of Granada. On August 25, 1804, another earthquake destroyed much of the town.
Under the regency of Maria Christina of Austria, Javier de Burgos used his influence to turn Spain's antiquated administrative system into a provincial one, advocating the need for a centralized government. In 1833, Las Alpujarras was divided into two zones: one remained part of the province of Granada, Berja fell within the other which was part of the province of Almería.
Exploitation of the lead mines in Berja began in the 19th century, and the city consequently flourished during this time.
Ecclesiastical history
Saint Ctesiphon (San Tesifón), patron saint of the town, is said to have preached in the area in the first century, bringing Christianity to Roman Vergi(um). It was made a bishopric around 500, but that was suppressed circa 711, due to the Moorish conquest. No resident incumbents available.
Titular see
In 1969 the diocese was nominally restored as Titular bishopric named Vergi (Curiate Italian), Latin adjective Vergen(sis).
It had the following incumbents, so far of the fitting Episcopal (lowest) rank:
Angelo Calabretta (1970.06.27 – death 1975.01.04) on emeritate as former Bishop of Noto (Italy) (1936.07.16 – 1970.06.27)
Paul Marie Nguyễn Minh Nhật (1975.07.16 – 1988.02.22) as Coadjutor Bishop of Xuân Lôc (Vietnam) (1975.07.16 – 1988.02.22), later succeeding as Bishop of Xuân Lôc (1988.02.22 – retired 2004.09.30), also President of Episcopal Conference of Vietnam (1990 – 1995), died 2007
Antonín Liška, Redemptorists (C.SS.R.) (1988.05.19 – 1991.08.28) as Auxiliary Bishop of Praha (Prague, Czech Republic) (1988.05.19 – 1991.08.28); later Bishop of České Budějovice (Czech Republic) (1991.08.28 – retired 2002.09.25), died 2003
Gerhard Jakob (1993.12.12 – 1998.05.04) as Auxiliary Bishop of Trier (western Germany) (1993.12.12 – death 1998.05.04)
Salvador Emilio Riverón Cortina (1999.04.24 – death 2004.02.22) as Auxiliary Bishop of La Habana (Havana, Cuba) (1999.04.24 – 2004.02.22)
Ángel Rubio Castro (2004.10.21 – resigned? 2007.11.03) as Auxiliary Bishop of Toledo (Spain) (2004.10.21 – 2007.11.03); later Bishop of Segovia (Spain) (2007.11.03 – death 2014.11.12)
Santiago Gómez Sierra (2010.12.18 – 2020.06.15) as Auxiliary Bishop of Sevilla (Seville, Spain); later Bishop of Huelva (Spain) (2020.06.15 – ...).
Francisco José Prieto Fernández (2021.01.28 – ...) , Auxiliary Bishop of Santiago de Compostela (Spain).
Economy
The city was known for its former lead mines. From the 16th century, the city began production of a wine whose cultivation was commercialized in the 19th century under the brand name Salobra. The city's solar plant opened on December 12, 2007 on the peak of the mountain Montivel.
Climate
Berja has one of the sunniest, warmest and driest climates in Mediterranean Europe. It's located in a semi-arid climate zone.
References
Sources and external links
Official website
Berja - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Patronato municipal de deportes de Berja
Gcatholic - (titular) bishopric Vergi, with Google satellite photo
Municipalities in the Province of Almería |
4012773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hello%2C%20I%20Must%20Be%20Going%20%28song%29 | Hello, I Must Be Going (song) | "Hello, I Must Be Going" is a song from the Marx Brothers' 1930 film Animal Crackers, written by Bert Kalmar and Harry Ruby. It was sung by Groucho, along with Margaret Dumont, just before the dialogue that preceded the song "Hooray for Captain Spaulding". It did not feature in the earlier stage production of Animal Crackers which opened on Broadway in 1928.
In the film story the song, together with “Hooray For Captain Spaulding”, create a mock grand operatic entry, complete with chorus, for the famed African explorer Captain Spaulding, played by Groucho. The song expresses Spaulding's contempt for this elaborate welcome.
The song is very closely associated with Groucho. A biography of Groucho was titled, Hello, I Must be Going! He also sang the song, with Erin Fleming, as the opening number of his Carnegie Hall concert in 1972.
Other performances
In Oliver Stone's TV mini-series Wild Palms (1993), the title of the fifth and final episode, directed by Phil Joanou, was "Hello, I Must Be Going". The Marx Brothers song itself was sung by the character Senator Anton Kreutzer (played by Robert Loggia).
References
External links
Lyrics on genius.com
Songs about parting
1930 songs
American songs
Songs with lyrics by Bert Kalmar
Songs with music by Harry Ruby
Marx Brothers
Groucho Marx songs |
4012777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ten-ball | Ten-ball | Ten-ball is a pool game similar to nine-ball, but using 10 balls instead of nine, and with the 10 ball instead of the nine as the "".
Although the game has existed for a long time, its popularity has risen in recent years as a result of concerns that nine-ball has suffered as a result of flaws in its fundamental structure, particularly the ease with which players can often make balls from the break. The World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) standardized rules for 10-ball are very similar to those for nine-ball, but with key changes to increase the difficulty of the game. In contrast to nine-ball, it is slightly harder to any balls on the with the more crowded , the initial shooter cannot instantly win the game by pocketing the 10 on the break, all shots must be , and performing a string of on successive racks is statistically more difficult to achieve.
Ten-ball is preferred over nine-ball by some professionals as a more challenging discipline than nine-ball.
Racking
The 10 balls are racked in a triangle as in the game of eight-ball (but with 10 instead of 15 object balls, forming a tetractys), with the 1 ball positioned at the apex of the rack, the 2 and 3 balls at the back corners of the triangle, the 10 ball positioned in the middle of the rack, and the other balls placed randomly throughout, with the apex ball on the foot spot.
Play
As a rotation game, to make a legal hit in ten-ball, the cue ball must contact the lowest numbered ball first, and subsequently at least one ball must hit any rail or be pocketed, without the cue ball being pocketed. If no ball hits a rail and no ball is pocketed, a foul is declared, and the shooter's turn is over.
Under World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA) standardized rules, it is a game; that is, the shooter must state which ball they intend to pocket and into which pocket. This format is considered controversial among some of the game's elite, as many professional players are experts at playing multi-way shots where they may be attempting to pocket more than one ball on a given shot. Nonetheless, the rule has been adopted for professional competitions.
The pocketed ball does not have to be the lowest-numbered ball on the table—combination and carom shots are legal, as long as the shooter pockets the nominated ball in the nominated pocket without committed any foul. —shots that go in an unintended pocket (usually by random chance)—do not count; if a player pockets only ball(s) other than the nominated ball, or pockets the nominated ball in the wrong pocket, the pocketed ball(s) stay down, but the shooter's turn is over, as though they missed the shot completely. Only if the cue ball first makes contact with the lowest-numbered ball on the table, the nominated ball goes into the nominated pocket, and no other foul is committed, does the shooter's turn continue.
The only exception to the call-shot rule is on the break, for which there is no call. If the 10 ball is pocketed on the break, it is placed back on the and the shooter's turn continues. Any other balls that are pocketed on the break stay down, with the shooter continuing their turn, unless a foul was committed. If no ball is pocketed on the break, the shooter's turn is over.
References
External links
Face off Series games at Club Capo, Quezon City, Philippines
Historical ten-ball match videos by year
Pool (cue sports) |
4012778 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Marshall%20Hall | Edward Marshall Hall | Sir Edward Marshall Hall, (16 September 1858 – 24 February 1927) was an English barrister who had a formidable reputation as an orator. He successfully defended many people accused of notorious murders and became known as "The Great Defender".
Marshall Hall practised as a barrister in the late Victorian and Edwardian eras, when the public took a great interest in the sensational court cases of the day. Big criminal and civil trials were widely reported on by the popular press on a daily basis. As a consequence, he and other successful barristers of the day became very famous. The widespread belief that he was a much better orator than lawyer may explain his failure to achieve elevation to the High Court Bench, which was a source of great disappointment to him.
Personal life
Born in Brighton, the son of the eminent physician Alfred Hall, Marshall Hall was educated at Rugby School and St John's College, Cambridge. Unusually, he left Cambridge after his fourth term to embark on what would now be regarded as a gap year in Paris and Australia, before returning to complete his law degree. In 1882 he married Ethel Moon. The marriage was unhappy; the couple were never compatible and were frequently apart. They were legally separated in 1889. The next year Ethel became pregnant by a lover and died of a botched abortion; a seamy, very public lawsuit followed in which the lover, the abortionist, and several others were indicted for Ethel's murder. Marshall Hall's guilt over his part in Ethel's fate would have a profound effect on his career: he would become famous for the impassioned nature of his defences of women maltreated by men. He subsequently married Henriette "Hetty" Kroeger, with whom he had one daughter, Elna. His elder brother was John Cressy-Hall, a first-class cricketer and merchant. His brother, despite being a once successful merchant, later lived in poverty in South Africa. Hall supported him financially, sending money to him via Archdeacon Gaul, which John resented.
Camden Town Murder
In November 1907 Marshall Hall was briefed in a case which contributed significantly towards his being painted with such titles as "The Great Defender". On 12 September 1907, Bertram Shaw returned home during the evening to find his room locked. He borrowed a key from a neighbour, but upon entering was greeted with the horrific sight of his fiancée Emily Dimmock (known as Phyllis) lying naked on the bed, throat cut from ear to ear. It was a savage but skilful attack on her from the nature of the wound. Nothing much had been taken from the flat, and the motive was a mystery; the case quickly became a sensation.
After initial difficulty the police investigation led by Inspector Neill centred on a Robert Wood. Wood was in a relationship with Ruby Young, who recognised his handwriting on a postcard found in Dimmock's room. Wood was put on trial for the murder, during which Marshall Hall displayed the kind of effective and dramatic cross examination that he was known for. Marshall Hall was convinced of Wood's innocence, and also of the fallibility of the prosecution case. Great progress was made with the prosecution witnesses, but real consideration was given to the issue of whether Wood should give evidence in his defence by Marshall Hall and his junior Wellesley Orr. The relevance of their dissension over his testifying soon became apparent as Wood was a bad witness.
Marshall Hall dramatically commenced his examination in chief with: "Robert Wood, did you kill Emily Dimmock?" Wood remained silent. He was said to be a vain young man who could not cast aside his affectations; he appeared a "poseur". Marshall Hall repeated the question; "You must answer straight," he said. Foolishly Wood answered, "I mean, it is ridiculous," leaving Marshall Hall distressed. The rest of Wood's evidence proceeded in this way. He was later cross-examined by the might of the senior Treasury Counsel, Sir Charles Mathews, a mismatch if ever there was one. But in the end, Wood's silly little boy foolishness perhaps played in his favour; could he really have murdered Emily Dimmock?
Marshall Hall addressed the jury in usual style, as did Sir Charles Mathews. Mr Justice Grantham, however, mid-summing up departed from the pro-conviction stance he was expected to take, making it clear he thought the jury should acquit. That they did, after retiring for only 15 minutes between 7.45 and 8pm.
Marshall Hall's spirited defence had persuaded almost all in court of Wood's innocence and had caused a huge crowd to gather outside of court. The huge cheer that went up in the courtroom was repeated outside. Marshall Hall had saved Wood from the gallows.
Green bicycle case
One of his most famous cases was R v Light, known as the Green Bicycle Case, which took place near Leicester in 1919. He obtained an acquittal, despite what seemed like overwhelming circumstantial evidence against the defendant. This evidence included: the fact that the defendant, Ronald Light, had been seen cycling with the victim, Bella Wright, on the day of her death, on a green bicycle; had possessed at one time a revolver similar to the one used to fire the shot that killed her; had discarded that green bicycle in the canal after filing off all of the identifying numbers; and had thrown away a holster and ammunition for the type of revolver used in the murder. He also lied to police. A full transcript of the evidence and submissions of counsel do not appear to have survived, but from what remains of the closing speech of Marshall Hall, he took advantage of the Crown's lack of a case-theory to take their case to its logical conclusion and then demolish it. He submitted that the prosecution case only held together if the entire murder was premeditated. It was the prosecution evidence, indeed the hearsay evidence of the dead victim, that Ronald Light was not known to Bella Wright. How could he then have planned her murder? Marshall Hall used this, and many other points to persuade the jury that they could not be sure that Light was the murderer. The jury returned a unanimous verdict of not guilty after a little over three hours.
Other cases
In 1894 he defended the Austrian-born prostitute Marie Hermann, charged with the murder of a client; Marshall Hall persuaded the jury that it was a case of manslaughter. Although he made full use of his forensic skills, the case is best remembered for his emotional plea to the jury: "Look at her, gentlemen... God never gave her a chance - won't you?"
In 1901 he unsuccessfully defended Herbert John Bennett in the Yarmouth Beach case. Bennett was charged with strangling his wife, Mary, in order to marry Alice Meadows. At a late stage in the trial Marshall Hall dramatically produced an alibi witness, Sholto Douglas, who testified that on the day of the murder he had met Bennett in Bexley, after the last train for Yarmouth had departed. Douglas was clearly a truthful witness but he had never met Bennett before the date of the murder and the prosecution easily convinced the jury that he had made an honest mistake (which was also Marshall Hall's private opinion). The defence was weakened by the absence of any other suspect or motive, and by the fact that Bennett was such an obvious liar that he could not safely be put into the witness box. Curiously enough Marshall Hall, despite the overwhelming evidence, was never entirely sure of Bennett's guilt.
Marshall Hall was also given the brief to represent Dr Crippen at his trial in 1910. However, Crippen provided instructions that Marshall Hall did not feel comfortable with; Crippen would not adopt the line of defence that Marshall Hall felt represented the truth of the matter. As a result, Marshall Hall returned the brief and other counsel appeared at Crippen's trial at the Old Bailey. Arthur Newton instructed Marshall Hall on this occasion as he often did.
Marshall Hall defended Frederick Seddon unsuccessfully in a notorious poisoning case in 1912. Seddon was hanged in 1912 for murdering Elizabeth Mary Barrow by administering large quantities of arsenic. Marshall Hall's challenge to the medical evidence, though showing an impressive grasp of the subject, was unsuccessful. Seddon, rather against counsel's wishes, insisted on giving evidence, and made a very bad impression. His manner struck observers as cold and unfeeling, and his obvious greed weakened the defence that the money he gained from Miss Barrow's death was not enough to tempt him to murder. Marshall Hall in later years said that Seddon would have been acquitted if he had not insisted on giving evidence.
Marshall Hall also defended George Joseph Smith the "Brides-in-the-Bath" murderer in 1915. Smith was tried for the first of three identical murders of his recent brides, all of whom were drowned while having baths. Despite a spirited defence by Marshall Hall, Smith was convicted and hanged, again largely due to key evidence from Sir Bernard Spilsbury. The case however does seem to contradict the widespread view that he was "not much of a lawyer"—rather he disliked legal argument but could make a good one if necessary.
Marshall Hall successfully defended solicitor Harold Greenwood at Carmarthen Assizes in 1920. Greenwood had been accused of poisoning his wife with arsenic. Marshall Hall's skillful cross-examination of the medical witnesses raised, at least, the possibility that Mrs. Greenwood had died from an accidental overdose of morphine. His closing speech for the defence was described by Gerald Sparrow as "the finest ever heard at the English bar", the more impressive since Marshall Hall was seriously ill at the time.
Equally successful was the defence Marshall Hall gave to Madame (or Princess) Marguerite Fahmy in 1923 for the shooting death of her husband, Egyptian Prince Fahmy Bey at London's Savoy Hotel. The death of the Prince is frequently on lists of victims of the so-called Curse of the Pharaohs. Marshall Hall brought out Prince Fahmy's race and sexual habits, painting the victim as an evil-minded foreigner who threatened a "white woman" for sexual reasons, whereupon she defended herself. The jury accepted it. The Egyptian ambassador wrote several angry letters to the newspapers criticizing Marshall Hall's blackening of the victim and Egyptians in general. In any case Madame Fahmy was acquitted. In his 2013 book The Prince, The Princess and the Perfect Murder (published in the US as "The Woman Before Wallis") Andrew Rose revealed that Madame Fahmy, real name Marguerite Alibert, a Frenchwoman of modest birth, had an 18-month long affair with the Prince of Wales, the future Edward VIII, in Paris towards the end of World War I. Desperate efforts were made by the Royal Household to ensure that the Prince's name was not mentioned at her trial, which may have contributed to her acquittal.
In July 1924, Marshall Hall made a rare appearance for the prosecution, with the Attorney General Sir Patrick Hastings leading at Guildford Assizes before Mr Justice Avory against Jean-Pierre Vaquier for poisoning his lover's husband. Vaquier was found guilty and hanged by Robert Baxter.
Political career
As well as being elevated to King's Counsel, Marshall Hall served twice in Parliament as a Unionist Member of Parliament for Southport (1900–1906) and for Liverpool East Toxteth (1910-1916). To the great disappointment of the public, he rarely spoke in the House of Commons, and such speeches as he did make did not compare with his courtroom oratory.
Legacy
Edward Marshall Hall was born and lived at 30 Old Steine, Brighton where there is a commemorative stone plaque on the wall. The building today houses one of Brighton's oldest established firms of solicitors, Burt Brill and Cardens, and remains largely unchanged externally and internally. Brighton & Hove have named a bus after him.
The County Borough of Southport named Hall Street after him in his honour.
In his day, Marshall Hall made and lost many a fortune and was alternately impecunious or well in funds. When he died, he was in funds and left a considerable sum of money in a trust to be administered by Inner Temple for the benefit of young barristers starting out on their careers and who were as impecunious as he had been from time to time. The fund continues to this day.
Marshall Hall's career was dramatised in an 8-episode 1989 BBC Two television serial by Richard Cooper, Shadow of the Noose, starring Jonathan Hyde in the lead role and Terry Taplin as Arthur Newton, the leading solicitor who often secured Marshall Hall's services.
John Mortimer, creator of Rumpole of the Bailey, presented some of Marshall Hall's cases in a 5-part 1996 radio series, starring Tom Baker as Marshall Hall.
Hall was a famous wit and, in the case of an Irish labourer, when asked by a rather pompous judge, "Is your client not familiar with the maxim res ipsa loquitur?” replied, "My lord, on the remote hillside in County Donegal where my client hails from, they talk of little else."
References
Sources
Edward Marjoribanks, The Life of Sir Edward Marshall Hall, Victor Gollancz Ltd, London 1929.
Edward Marjoribanks, Famous Trials of Marshall Hall, Penguin, 1989.
Nina Warner Hooke & Gil Thomas, Marshall Hall, Arthur Barker, London 1966.
Sally Smith, Marshall Hall: A Law Unto Himself, Wildy Simmons & Hill Publishing, London 2016. .
External links
Images of Sir Edward Marshall Hall
Further image
Images and information about the Fahmy case
1858 births
1927 deaths
English barristers
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
People from Brighton
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
UK MPs 1900–1906
UK MPs 1910
UK MPs 1910–1918
Knights Bachelor |
4012787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarkio%20%28band%29 | Tarkio (band) | Tarkio was an indie rock band from Missoula, Montana which included Colin Meloy prior to his forming The Decemberists. Tarkio broke up in 1999, but found new popularity in a retrospective released by Kill Rock Stars in 2006.
History
Tarkio formed in Missoula, Montana in 1996. Meloy, from Helena, had studied English at University of Oregon at Eugene for two years, then returned and enrolled in the creative writing program at the University of Montana in Missoula. He recruited banjo player Gibson Hartwell, bassist Louis Stein, and drummer Brian Collins following a meeting at an open mic night at a local coffeehouse. The band took its name from Tarkio, Montana, a small town in the western part of the state. Pearl Jam bassist Jeff Ament helped out with some rehearsal space and the band built a following at bar-clubs in Missoula, Great Falls, Butte, and Whitefish, Montana.
In 1997, the band self-released a number of demos. Limited to 500 copies, this self-titled EP was followed by an album, I Guess I Was Hoping For Something More, released on Barcelona Records. This album included musician Kevin Suggs on pedal steel.
In 1999, the band self-released Sea Songs for Landlocked Sailors. Limited to 200 copies, the EP included a song that would later be re-recorded by the Decemberists, "My Mother Was a Chinese Trapeze Artist."
Meloy finished school in 1998. The band broke up shortly after this, when Meloy moved to Portland, Oregon.
A number of live recordings of the band's songs were released on a radio compilation in 2002.
As the Decemberists began to achieve more fame, fan demand for the hard-to-find Tarkio material grew, paving the way for Kill Rock Stars to release Omnibus. The two-disc compilation featured detailed liner notes and stories from members of the band, including Meloy, as well as all of the available recorded material by the band, including a live radio performance from 1998.
The band's sound has been variously compared to The Waterboys, Uncle Tupelo, and Wilco.
Meloy said of the early days:
“We [Tarkio] had aspirations of being able to base ourselves as a band out of Missoula, Montana, like Low is from Duluth and Modest Mouse is from Issaquah [Washington], but I think we pretty quickly discovered that the reason why those bands succeeded was that they were within an hour’s drive from a major metropolitan area.”
Band members
Colin Meloy - vocals, guitar
Gibson Hartwell - guitar, banjo, vocals
Louis Stern - bass, vocals
Brian Collins - drums, percussion
Kevin Suggs (pedal steel)
Discography
Albums
I Guess I Was Hoping For Something More (CD) - Barcelona Records - 1998
Omnibus (CD) - Kill Rock Stars - 2006
EPs
Falleness (Cassette) - Self-released - 1997
Sea Songs For Landlocked Sailors (CD) - Self-released - 1999
References
American alternative country groups
Musical groups from Montana
Musical groups established in 1996 |
4012790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Gayle%20%28album%29 | Crystal Gayle (album) | Crystal Gayle is the eponymous debut album by Crystal Gayle, although she had previously recorded material which was not released until later. It was released on February 7, 1975. The album peaked at #25 on the Billboard Country Albums chart, and included three charting Hot Country Singles: "Wrong Road Again" at #6, "Beyond You" at #27, and "This Is My Year For Mexico" at #21. Also included is her first rendition of "When I Dream," which would become a big hit three years later on the release of her 1978 album When I Dream. The recording of "Beyond You" is the same one that reappears on 1979's We Should Be Together.
The song was later covered by Ava Barber, who included a version on her 1976 album Country as Grits.
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle – vocals
Lloyd Green - steel guitar, dobro
Charles Cochrane - keyboards, string arrangements
Bobby Wood - keyboards
Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone - drums, percussion
Garth Fundis - baritone horn, backing vocals, engineer
Allen Reynolds - backing vocals
References
Crystal Gayle albums
1975 debut albums
Albums produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records albums |
4012802 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Menashe%20Business%20Mercantile%20Ltd%20v%20William%20Hill%20Organization%20Ltd | Menashe Business Mercantile Ltd v William Hill Organization Ltd | Menashe Business Mercantile Ltd. & Anor v William Hill Organization Ltd. [2002] EWCA Civ 1702 was a patent case regarding Internet usage. The case addressed a European patent covering the United Kingdom for an invention referred to as "Interactive, computerized gaming system with remote control". Menashe sued William Hill, claiming that William Hill was infringing the patent by operating an online gaming system. William Hill's defence argued that it did not infringe the patent because the server on which it operated the system was located outside of the UK, in Antigua or Curaçao. Although accepting that their supply of software was in the UK and that this was an essential part of the invention, they further argued that the patent was for the parts of the system, and as one essential part of the system was not located in the UK, there could be no infringement.
This aspect of William Hill's case was tried at a preliminary issue before Mr. Justice Jacob in the High Court in 2002. Mr. Justice Jacob found against William Hill holding that the patent related to the entire system, being the sum of all its elements. Simply locating one part of the system abroad did not prevent infringement when the result was still providing UK punters with the system's benefits.
The Court's ruling took a broad interpretation, concentrating on the spirit and intention of patent protection and not confining itself to the linguistic construction of the law which developed before the advent of the Internet.
Lord Justice Aldous heard the appeal and while he maintained the result of the judgment of the Patents Court, the reasoning was very different and was based upon where the invention was being "used". The claimed invention required there to be a host or server computer. According to the judgment, it did not matter where the host computer was situated. It could be in the United Kingdom, on a satellite, or even on the border between two countries. Its location was not important to the user of the invention nor to the claimed gaming system. In that respect, there was a real difference between the claimed gaming system and an ordinary machine. The judge therefore believed that it would be wrong to apply the old ideas of location to inventions of the type under consideration. A person who is situated in the United Kingdom who obtains in the United Kingdom a CD and then uses his terminal to address a host computer is not bothered where the host computer is located. It is of no relevance to him, the user, nor the patentee as to whether or not it is situated in the United Kingdom.
If the host computer is situated in Antigua and the terminal computer is in the United Kingdom, it is pertinent to ask who uses the claimed gaming system. The answer must be the punter. Where does he use it? There can be no doubt that he uses his terminal in the United Kingdom and it is not a misuse of language to say that he uses the host computer in the United Kingdom. It is the input to and output of the host computer that is important to the punter and in a real sense the punter uses the host computer in the United Kingdom even though it is situated in Antigua and operates in Antigua. In those circumstances it is not straining the word "use" to conclude that the United Kingdom punter will use the claimed gaming system in the United Kingdom, even if the host computer is situated in, say, Antigua. Thus the supply of the CD in the United Kingdom to the United Kingdom punter will be intended to put the invention into effect in the United Kingdom.
See also
Software patents under United Kingdom patent law
External links
Full Text of Judgements on BAILII:
First Instance:
Appeal:
United Kingdom patent case law
Court of Appeal (England and Wales) cases
2002 in case law
2002 in British law
William Hill (bookmaker) |
4012803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1972%20Salvadoran%20legislative%20election | 1972 Salvadoran legislative election | Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 12 March 1972. The result was a victory for the National Conciliation Party, which won 39 of the 52 seats. However, the election was marred by massive fraud and the Central Election Council disqualified the candidates of the opposition National Opposing Union (an alliance of the Christian Democratic Party, the National Revolutionary Movement and the Nationalist Democratic Union) in five out of fourteen constituencies. Voter turnout was 56.7%.
Results
References
Bibliography
Political Handbook of the world, 1972. New York, 1973.
Caldera T., Hilda. 1983. Historia del Partido Demócrata Cristiano de El Salvador. Tegucigalpa: Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Políticos.
El Salvador. Presidencia. Departamento de Relaciones Públicas. 1972. Elecciones del 72: 20 de febrero, 12 de marzo. San Salvador: Departamento de Relaciones Públicas, Casa Presidencial.
Montgomery, Tommie Sue. 1995. Revolution in El Salvador: from civil strife to civil peace. Boulder: Westview.
Webre, Stephen. 1979. José Napoleón Duarte and the Christian Democratic Party in Salvadoran Politics 1960-1972. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
White, Alastair. 1973. El Salvador. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter. 1997. Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
El Salvador
1972 in El Salvador
1972 elections in Central America |
4012809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1970%20Salvadoran%20legislative%20election | 1970 Salvadoran legislative election | Legislative elections were held in El Salvador on 8 March 1970. The result was a victory for the National Conciliation Party, which won 34 of the 52 seats. However, the election was marred by massive fraud. Voter turnout was just 41.6%.
Results
References
Bibliography
Political Handbook of the world, 1970. New York, 1971.
Anderson, Thomas P. 1988. Politics in Central America: Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, and Nicaragua. New York: Praeger. Revised edition.
Caldera T., Hilda. 1983. Historia del Partido Demócrata Cristiano de El Salvador. Tegucigalpa: Instituto Centroamericano de Estudios Políticos.
Eguizábal, Cristina. 1984. "El Salvador: elecciones sin democracia." Polemica (Costa Rica) 14/15:16-33 (marzo-junio 1984).
Haggerty, Richard A., ed. 1990. El Salvador, a country study. Washington: Library of Congress, Federal Research Division.
Herman, Edward S. and Frank Brodhead. 1984. Demonstration elections: U.S.-staged elections in the Dominican Republic, Vietnam, and El Salvador. Boston: South End Press.
Montgomery, Tommie Sue. 1995. Revolution in El Salvador: from civil strife to civil peace. Boulder: Westview.
Webre, Stephen. 1979. José Napoleón Duarte and the Christian Democratic Party in Salvadoran Politics 1960-1972. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State University Press.
White, Alastair. 1973. El Salvador. New York: Praeger Publishers.
Williams, Philip J. and Knut Walter. 1997. Militarization and demilitarization in El Salvador's transition to democracy. Pittsburgh: University of Pittsburgh Press.
El Salvador
Elections in El Salvador
1970 in El Salvador |
4012832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Must%20Believe%20in%20Magic | We Must Believe in Magic | We Must Believe in Magic is the fourth studio album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. Released on June 24, 1977, it became her highest selling album, reaching #2 on the Billboard Country Albums chart and #12 on the main Billboard album chart (her first album to enter the main chart and her only album to make the Top 30 there to date). It was certified platinum by the RIAA in 1978. The album also has the distinction of being the first platinum album recorded by a female artist in country music. It was also Gayle's first album to chart in the UK, where it reached #15, and was certified silver by the BPI. In the Netherlands, it stayed on the charts for two weeks and peaked at #29.
The album contains Gayle's huge international chart hit "Don't It Make My Brown Eyes Blue", which was not only her third #1 Country chart hit, but also reached #2 on the Billboard 100, becoming her biggest hit. Another track, "River Road", charted at #64 on the Country Singles chart when it appeared on the Favorites compilation album in 1980.
Track listing
Charts
Production
Produced by Allen Reynolds
Engineered by Garth Fundis
Personnel
Gene Chrisman, Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone – drums, percussion
Joe Allen, Mike Leech – bass guitar
David Kirby, Johnny Christopher, Jimmy Colvard, Reggie Young, Allen Reynolds – guitars
Lloyd Green – steel guitar
Bobby Wood, Hargus "Pig" Robbins – keyboards
Charles Cochran - keyboards, string and horn arrangements
Shane Keister – synthesizers
New Grass Revival, The Trolleycar Band – special effects
Buddy Spicher, Sam Bush – fiddle
Courtney Johnson – banjo
Billy Puett – flute, clarinet
Carl Gorodetsky, Gary Vanosdale, George Binkley, Lennie Haight, Marvin Chantry, Roy Christensen, Sheldon Kurland – strings
Janie Fricke, Marcia Routh, Pebble Daniel, Sandy Mason Theoret, Garth Fundis – backing vocals
References
External links
"We Must Believe in Magic" at discogs
Crystal Gayle albums
1977 albums
Albums produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records albums |
4012839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenlining%20Institute | Greenlining Institute | The Greenlining Institute is a public policy, research, and advocacy non-profit organization based in Oakland, California. They seek to advance economic opportunity and empowerment for people of color through advocacy, community and coalition building, research, and leadership development.
History
The Greenlining Institute was established by African American, Asian American, and Latino American community leaders in 1993 to fight injustice, increase the participation of people of color in policymaking, and encourage successful investment by corporate America into these communities. Rather than just fighting redlining, the illegal practice of denying services to certain communities, greenlining is the proactive effort of bringing profitable investments and services to communities that have been left behind.
The Greenlining Institute was founded on the principle of wealth creation, with a strong belief that diversity makes business sense and leads to greater effectiveness.
Policy Issues
Philanthropy-related activities
In 2005, Greenlining began researching the philanthropic giving patterns of California's largest foundations and found very low investment in non-profit organizations led by people of color.
According to the US Census, California's communities of color comprise over 50% of the state's population—making it a majority-minority state. Greenlining found that philanthropic giving did not reflect California's population.
Greenlining's introduced AB 624, which was a piece of “sunshine” legislation that would have require large foundations operating in California to gather and disclose pertinent diversity data. AB 624 would not have required foundations to invest in minority communities, and it would not have created racial quotas for grant-making and employment. This legislation was an attempt to get foundations to disclose data related to diversity on an annual basis. The bill was ultimately withdrawn.
Opposition to Uber
The Greenlining Institute opposed the expansion of Uber into Oakland, California due to concerns that it would cause displacement of residents and gentrification.
Community reinvestment
Greenlining's Community Reinvestment program works with banks and other financial institutions to equitably execute the Community Reinvestment Act.
References
External links
Greenlining Institute website
"California’s Greenlining Institute: Arm-Twisting for Financial Affirmative Action" - criticism of the Greenlining Institute by the conservative Capital Research Center
Non-profit organizations based in California
1993 establishments in California |
4012846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Normalization%20%28image%20processing%29 | Normalization (image processing) | In image processing, normalization is a process that changes the range of pixel intensity values. Applications include photographs with poor contrast due to glare, for example. Normalization is sometimes called contrast stretching or histogram stretching. In more general fields of data processing, such as digital signal processing, it is referred to as dynamic range expansion.
The purpose of dynamic range expansion in the various applications is usually to bring the image, or other type of signal, into a range that is more familiar or normal to the senses, hence the term normalization. Often, the motivation is to achieve consistency in dynamic range for a set of data, signals, or images to avoid mental distraction or fatigue. For example, a newspaper will strive to make all of the images in an issue share a similar range of grayscale.
Normalization transforms an n-dimensional grayscale image
with intensity values in the range , into a new image
with intensity values in the range .
The linear normalization of a grayscale digital image is performed according to the formula
For example, if the intensity range of the image is 50 to 180 and the desired range is 0 to 255 the process entails subtracting 50 from each of pixel intensity, making the range 0 to 130. Then each pixel intensity is multiplied by 255/130, making the range 0 to 255.
Normalization might also be non linear, this happens when there isn't a linear relationship between and . An example of non-linear normalization is when the normalization follows a sigmoid function, in that case, the normalized image is computed according to the formula
Where defines the width of the input intensity range, and defines the intensity around which the range is centered.
Auto-normalization in image processing software typically normalizes to the full dynamic range of the number system specified in the image file format.
See also
Audio normalization, audio analog
Histogram equalization
References
External links
Contrast Stretching
Image processing |
4012848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Codex%20Vindobonensis%20795 | Codex Vindobonensis 795 | The Codex Vindobonensis 795 (Vienna Austrian National Library Codex) is a 9th-century manuscript, most likely compiled in 798 or shortly thereafter (after Arno of Salzburg returned from Rome to become archbishop). It contains letters and treatises by Alcuin, including a discussion of the Gothic alphabet. It also contains a description of the Old English runes.
The Codex Vindobonensis 795 is a collection of letters of Alcuin, as compiled by Arno of Salzburg; it also contains two texts about the topography of Rome, particularly its shrines: the Notitia ecclesiarium urbis Romae (Notice of the church of the city of Rome) and the De locks sanctis martyrum quae sunt foris civitatis Romae (The locks of the holy martyrs outside the city of Rome), neither of which were written by Alcuin. The manuscript seems to be an attempt to imagine the reconstruction of Rome, as it also contains correspondence between Arno and Alcuin about the rebuilding of the monastery of St. Stephen's at St. Paul's as well as commentary on the Epistle to the Romans.
References
Further reading
Ebbinghaus, Ernst A.: The Gotica of Codex Vindobonensis 795 (in: Germanic studies in honor of Otto Springer [ed.: Stephen J. Kaplowitt], Pittsburgh [K&S Enterprises] 1978, pp. 93–102).
Ebbinghaus, Ernst A.: Gotica XIX, GL 23:1 (1983) 48-50 [pp. 48–49 on folium 20 of Codex Vindobonensis].
Rotsaert, Marie-Louise: Per una definizione delle fonti gotiche del Codex Vindobonensis 795 - appunti metodologici (in: Patrizia Lendinara & Lucio Melazzo [eds.]: Feor ond neah [memorial volume Augusto Scaffidi Abbate], Palermo [università] 1983 [= Annali della Facoltà di Lettere e Filosofia, Studi e ricerche 3].
9th-century manuscripts
Runic manuscripts
Manuscripts of the Austrian National Library
Anglo-Saxon runes |
4012852 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Kemp%20%28Egyptologist%29 | Barry Kemp (Egyptologist) | Barry John Kemp, (born 14 May 1940) is an English archaeologist and Egyptologist. He is Professor Emeritus of Egyptology at the University of Cambridge and directing excavations at Amarna in Egypt. His widely renowned book Ancient Egypt: Anatomy of a Civilisation is a core text of Egyptology and many Ancient History courses.
Early life and education
Kemp was born on 14 May 1940. He studied Egyptology at the University of Liverpool, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree in 1962.
Academic career
In 1962, Kemp joined the University of Cambridge an assistant lecturer. He was promoted to lecturer in 1969, Reader in Egyptology in 1990, and made Professor of Egyptology in 2005. He was also a Fellow of Wolfson College, Cambridge from 1990 to 2007. He retired from full-time academia in 2007, and was made professor emeritus. Since 2008, he has been a senior fellow of the McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research at Cambridge.
From 1977 until 2008, he has been the director of excavation and archaeological survey at Amarna for the Egypt Exploration Society. He continues his research of the Amarna Period of ancient Egypt as director of the Amarna Project and secretary of the Amarna Trust. He has also contributed to many highly regarded and widely used Egyptology texts, including Civilisations of the Ancient Near East, edited by Jack Sasson. He is a co-author of Bruce Trigger's Ancient Egypt: A Social History, which incorporates the work of many leading Egyptologists and addresses recent trends in the subject. Kemp states to be interested in developing a holistic picture of Ancient Egyptian society rather than focussing on the elite culture that dominates the archaeological record: "This holistic approach involves explaining the present appearance of the site in terms of all the agencies at work..."
Honours
Kemp was elected Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1992. He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2011 New Year Honours for services to archaeology, education and international relations in Egypt.
Publications
References
External links
English Egyptologists
Living people
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Fellows of the British Academy
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Fellows of Wolfson College, Cambridge
1940 births |
4012853 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20I%20Dream | When I Dream | When I Dream is the fifth studio album by American country music singer Crystal Gayle. It was released on June 2, 1978 at the height of her career. It was her second consecutive #2 country album on the Billboard charts. Two singles from the album reached #1 on the Country Singles chart: "Talking in Your Sleep" (also a Top 20 Pop hit) and "Why Have You Left the One You Left Me For". The title song, "When I Dream", is a longer re-recorded version of a song that appeared originally on her 1975 debut album Crystal Gayle, and reached #3. A fourth single, "Heart Mender", peaked at #58. "Hello I Love You" was featured in the 1982 movie, Six Pack, starring Kenny Rogers, Erin Gray and Diane Lane.
The album achieved a gold disc the year it was released but was certified platinum by the RIAA in 1982. It was also Gayle's second album to chart in the UK, where it reached #25, and was awarded a silver disc by the BPI.
Track listing
Personnel
Crystal Gayle - vocals
Biff Watson, Billy Sanford, David Kirby, Johnny Christopher, Ray Edenton, Reggie Young, Rod Smarr, Sonny Curtis - guitar
Bob Moore, Joe Allen, Mike Leech, Richard "Spady" Brannan, Tommy Cogbill - bass
Lloyd Green - steel guitar, resonator guitar
Chris Leuzinger - slide guitar
Bobby Emmons, Bobby Wood, Charles Cochran, Dwight Scott, Hargus "Pig" Robbins, Richard Durrett - keyboards
Cindy Reynolds - harp
Gene Chrisman, Jimmy Isbell, Kenny Malone, Vic Mastrianni - drums, percussion
Production
Produced by Allen Reynolds
Recorded by Garth Fundis
Engineered by John Donegan
Mastering: Glenn Meadows
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Crystal Gayle albums
1978 albums
Albums produced by Allen Reynolds
United Artists Records albums |
4012858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ALS162%20time%20signal | ALS162 time signal | ALS162 is a French longwave time signal and standard-frequency radio station and is used for the dissemination of the Metropolitan French national legal time to the public. TéléDiffusion de France broadcast the ALS162 time signal, provided by LNE-SYRTE and LNE-LTFB time laboratories under ANFR (state body for radio frequencies) responsibility, from the Allouis longwave transmitter at 162 kHz, with a power of 800 kW.
The current time signal is generated by extremely accurate caesium atomic clocks and phase-modulated on the 162 kHz ( wavelength) carrier signal in a way that is inaudible when listening to the signal using normal Longwave receivers. The ALS162 phase-modulated time signal service requires a more complex receiver than the popular German DCF77 amplitude-modulated time signal service, but the much more powerful transmitter (16 times DCF77's 50 kW) gives it a much greater range of 3,500 km.
The signal transmission is almost continuous, but there is a regularly scheduled interruption for maintenance and tests every Tuesday morning from 08:00 to 12:00.
The transmitter building contains two caesium atomic clocks which are used to generate the time signal and which are monitored through the SYREF system and GPS common-view measurements, to align with the official French UTC(OP) time scale. The ALS162 time signal exactitude should be in excess of 1 millisecond uncertainty. The monitoring of the ALS162 signal is jointly conducted by LNE-SYRTE, LNE-LTFB and the trade body France Horlogerie and measurement results are published in real time. Monthly monitoring bulletins, like H 649 of the ALS162 signal regarding January 2022 measurements, show if the exactitude goals were met. The time signal is critical for over 300,000 devices (clocks in public places, information panels, traffic lights, public lighting, parking meters, etc.) deployed within French enterprises and state entities, such as French Railways (SNCF), electricity distributor Enedis, airports, hospitals, municipalities, etc. which depend on the signal in France and abroad.
History
Call sign
The transmitter was previously known as TDF, FI or France Inter because the signal was formerly best known for radio broadcasting the France Inter AM signal. The transmission of audio (sound) signal ceased at the end of 2016, but the Allouis transmitter remains in use for the dissemination of the time signal and other digital signals.
As of 2017 the transmitter has been renamed to ALS162.
The call sign ALS162 stands for ALS = Allouis transmitter, 162 = frequency: 162 kHz.
Technical evolution
In 1977, the current phase-modulated time signal was added to the transmissions. The broadcast frequency, formerly 164 kHz, was changed to 163.840 kHz (the 5th harmonic of the common 32,768 Hz timekeeping frequency used by most quartz clocks) to be a more convenient frequency standard.
In 1980, the first atomic clock was installed to regulate the carrier frequency.
On 1 February 1986, the frequency was changed to its current value of 162 kHz (still an accurately controlled frequency standard) to bring it to a multiple of 9 kHz in accordance with the Geneva Frequency Plan of 1975.
Before 2017 the period used for scheduled signal interruptions for maintenance and tests was on Tuesday from 01:03 to 05:00.
Power output
The signal was formerly 1,000 kW and increased to 2,000 kW in 1981, but has been reduced to 1,500 kW in 2011, 1,100 kW in 2017 and subsequently to 800 kW in February 2020 for cost savings.
Signal format
TéléDiffusion de France (TDF) uses an amplitude modulated longwave transmitter station. Time signals are transmitted by phase-modulating the carrier by ±1 radian in 0.1 s every second except the 59th second of each minute. This modulation pattern is repeated to indicate a binary one.
The binary encoding of date and time data during seconds 15 through 18 and 20 through 59 is identical to that of DCF77; the numbers of the minute, hour, day of the month, day of the week, month and year are transmitted each minute from the 21st to the 58th second, in accordance with the French legal time scale. The time transmitted is the local time of the upcoming minute.
Also like DCF77, bit 20 is always 1, bit 18 indicates that local time is UTC+1 (CET), bit 17 indicates that local time is UTC+2 (CEST), and bit 16 indicates that a change to local time will take place at the end of the current hour. Bit 15 is reserved to indicate abnormal transmitter operation.
As extensions to the DCF77 code, bit 14 is set during public holidays (14 July, Christmas, etc.), and bit 13 is set the day before public holidays.
Bits 7–12 are unused and always transmitted as 0.
Bits 3 through 6 provide additional error checking; they encode the total number of bits set (the Hamming weight of) bits 21 through 58. Because this includes the even parity bits, the sum is always even. Also, although there are 38 bits in that range, they may not all be set. The possible values are even numbers from 4 (on Tuesday 2000-01-04 at 00:00) through 24 (on Sunday 2177-07-27 at 17:37).
Unlike DCF77, bit 19 is not used for leap second warnings, but is always zero. Instead, bit 1 is used to warn of a positive leap second at the end of the current hour, and bit 2 is used to warn of a (very unlikely) negative leap second. In case of a leap second, an additional zero bit is inserted between bits 2 and 3. This is supposed to be inserted at 23:59:03, during minute 59 of the hour (during which the timestamp for minute :00 is transmitted), so that the minute markers are all broadcast at the correct times, but for the leap second at the end of December 2016, it was apparently inserted at 23:58:03.
The ALS162 transmitted carrier frequency relative uncertainty is 2 × 10−12 over a 24-hour period and 1 × 10−13 over 30 days.
Phase modulation pattern
One signal element consists of the phase of the carrier shifted linearly by +1 rad in 25 ms (known as "ramp A"), then shifted linearly by −2 rad over 50 ms ("ramp B"), then shifted linearly again by +1 rad for another 25 ms ("ramp C"), returning the phase to zero. One signal element is always sent at each second between 0 and 58. Two signal elements are sent in sequence to represent a binary one; otherwise it is interpreted as binary zero. During ramp B of the initial signal element, the exact point the signal phase is at zero represents the top of the UTC second. Since the phase is the integral of the frequency, this triangular phase modulation at 40 rad/s corresponds to a square frequency modulation with a deviation of 20/π ≈ 6.37 Hz.
Both the average phase and the average frequency deviation are thus zero. Additional non-timing data is sent by phase modulation during the rest of each second. But the second marker (and data bit) is always preceded by 100 ms without any phase modulation. The signal is not phase-modulated at all during the 59th second past the minute.
See also
Loop antenna
Allouis longwave transmitter, the facility used for its transmission.
TéléDiffusion de France (also known as the TDF Group)
References
Sources
David L. Mills, Information on Time and Frequency — Time and Standard Frequency Station TDF (France)
Funkuhren—Vergleich DCF77 mit TDF ("Clocks—Compare DCF77 with TDF") Includes a map showing the different reception ranges.
http://pagesperso-orange.fr/tvignaud/am/allouis/allouis-heure.htm
Signaux Horaires Description of the TDF signal and a working receiver.
An example (with video) of the TDF time signal being received.
Time signal radio stations
fr:Émetteur d'Allouis |
4012859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%20IV%2C%20Duke%20of%20Swabia | Herman IV, Duke of Swabia | Herman IV (c. 1015-July 1038) was the Duke of Swabia (1030–1038). He was the second son of Ernest I and Gisela of Swabia. He was one of the Babenberg dukes of Swabia.
Herman became duke in 1030 following the death of his older brother Ernest II. At the time he was still a minor.
Seven years later, his stepfather, the Emperor Conrad II, married him to Adelaide of Susa, the marchioness of Turin, in January 1037. Herman was then invested as margrave of Turin. In July of the next year, while campaigning with Conrad in Southern Italy, he was struck down by an epidemic near Naples. Conrad then transferred rule of the duchy of Swabia to his own son, Henry I, while Adelaide remarried to Henry of Montferrat.
He was buried in Trento Cathedral on 28 July 1038, because the summer heat made it impossible to bring his corpse back to Germany.
Because of a late Austrian source, Herman is sometimes mistakenly said to have had children. This was not the case. Herman was on campaign for much of his short marriage to Adelaide and he died without heirs.
References
Sources
'Hermann IV., Hzg. v. Schwaben,' in: Lexikon des Mittelalters (LexMA), vol. 4 (Munich and Zürich, 1989), cols. 2161–2162.
D. Schwennicke, Europäische Stammtafeln: Stammtafeln zur Geschichte der Europäischen Staaten (Marburg, 1978).
S. Hellmann, Die Grafen von Savoyen und das Reich: bis zum Ende der staufischen Periode (Innsbruck, 1900), accessible online (but without page numbers) at: Genealogie Mittelalter
External links
Hermann IV, Herzog von Schwaben (1030-1038), Markgraf von Turin-Susa (1036-1038) (in German)
1010s births
1038 deaths
Dukes of Swabia
Babenberg
Year of birth uncertain |
4012860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol%20Lambrino | Carol Lambrino | Mircea Grigore Carol Hohenzollern (born Mircea Grigore Carol Lambrino; 8 January 1920 – 27 January 2006), also known as Prince Mircea Grigore Carol al României (anglicised as: of Romania) according to his amended Romanian birth certificate or as Carol Lambrino (), was the elder son of King Carol II of Romania.
Early life
Carol Lambrino was born in Bucharest as son of Crown Prince Carol of Romania and his first wife, Zizi Lambrino. At the time of his birth he was registered with the name Mircea Grigore Carol Lambrino. He was named by his father after his youngest brother Prince Mircea of Romania who died in 1916. His grandfather King Ferdinand forced the annulment of his parents' marriage in January 1919 in the Supreme Court of Romania and Carol was born outside the 300-day period allowed to permit legitimacy, on 8 January 1920. The legality of the annulment has been questioned.
After his birth, Carol and his mother were forced to leave Romania and settled in Paris. During his younger years and his reign, including during his personal dictatorship (1938–1940) when he held absolute power in Romania, King Carol II recognized his first-born Mircea Carol as a prince on several occasions. One of these situations was a letter published on the front page by the Romanian daily newspaper Epoca (17 January 1920). Signed by Crown Prince Carol, the document is a statement in which the future king recognized his paternity of Princess Ioana's baby. Furthermore, (or the German style family name Prinz von Hohenzollern) .
Legitimisation
After the death of his father, former King Carol II, in Portugal, 4 April 1953, Carol claimed the right to inherit some of his father's estate in accordance with Portuguese law. In order to do so, it was necessary to prove that he was his father's legitimate son.
On April 2, 1955, a Portuguese court ruled that Carol was the legitimate first-born son of King Carol II and allowed him to claim the surname Hohenzollern in place of Lambrino. On 6 March 1957, the Portuguese ruling was recognised in France by an Exequatur of the Tribunal of the Grande Instance of Paris. This allowed Carol rights of inheritance to his father's French properties. Carol's younger half-brother Michael appealed this ruling which was upheld by the Court of Cassation, 8 January 1963.
In October 1995 a Romanian court ruled that Carol was the legitimate son of King Carol II.
His half-brother, Michael, appealed this ruling, but lost the case in an upper court of appeal in 1999. In March 2002, the Supreme Court of Romania ruled that there should be a retrial, and in July 2002 a lower court ruled again in Carol's favour. Michael again appealed, and in January 2003 he again lost the appeal. Michael again appealed in December 2003.
Carol visited Bucharest in November 2005. That was the first time he went to Romania after he had attended the funeral of his grandmother Queen Marie in 1938.
Two months later, Carol died in London. He was buried in Romania after a funeral held at the Cozia Monastery. He never claimed the defunct throne of Romania, unlike his son Paul.
Marriages and children
Carol was married three times:
His first marriage was on 22 March 1948 in Paris to Hélène Henriette Nagavitzine, known as opera singer Léna Pastor (26 May 1925 – December 1998), with whom he had one son before divorcing in 1958:
Paul-Philippe Hohenzollern (13 August 1948) he married Lia Georgia Triff in 1996. They have one son.
His second marriage was to Jeanne Williams (15 November 1930 in Nashville, Tennessee – 5 June 1988 in Rutland, Vermont) on 20 December 1960 in Paris, with whom he had one son before divorcing in 1977:
Ion George Nicholas Alexander Lambrino (born 1 September 1961)
His third wife was Antonia Colville (29 May 1939 in Bracken, Church Crookham, Hampshire – 13 June 2007), the great granddaughter of Charles Colville, 1st Viscount Colville of Culross at Fulham Town Hall on 27 June 1984, without issue. Carol and his third wife settled in Parsons Green and led a quiet life.
References
External links
"HRH Prince Carol of Romania" The Daily Telegraph, 9 Feb 2006. (Obituary)
Website of Prince Carol's son Paul
1920 births
2006 deaths
Pretenders to the Romanian throne
Nobility from Bucharest
Romanian princes
House of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Romanian emigrants to France |
4012871 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vienna%20Codex | Vienna Codex | Several codices are known simply as "Vienna Codex" in certain fields:
Codex Vindobonensis 795, a 9th-century manuscript that contains letters and treatises by Alcuin, including a discussion of the Gothic alphabet and a description of the Anglo-Saxon futhorc
Vienna Codex (Hungarian) (1450)
Vienna Codex (Aztec)
Vienna Dioscurides, an early 6th-century illuminated manuscript of De Materia Medica by Dioscorides in Greek |
4012872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jadwiga%20Tar%C5%82o-Mniszech | Jadwiga Tarło-Mniszech | Jadwiga Tarło-Mniszech (b. between 1560 and 1570 – 1629) was a Polish noblewoman in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth. Coat of arms – Topór. Married Jerzy Mniszech (died 1613) who was Krajczy koronny in 1574, castellan of Radom in 1583, Voivode of Sandomierz in 1590, żupnik of Ruthenia, starost of Lwów in 1593, starost of Sambor, Sokal, Sanok and Rohatyn.
Children
Marina Mniszech (c. 1588–1614)
Urszula Mniszech (b. 1603)
Eufrozyna Mniszech
Anna Mniszech
Stanisław Bonifacy Mniszech (d. 1644)
Stefan Jan Mniszech
Franciszek Bernard Mniszech
Mikołaj Mniszech (1587 -1613) – starosta łukowski
Zygmunt Mniszech
Bibliography
Andrzej Andrusiewicz, Dzieje Dymitriad 1602 – 1614, t. I, II, Warszawa 1990.
Andrzej Andrusiewicz, Dzieje Wielkiej Smuty, Katowice 1999.
Wojciech Polak, O Kreml i Smoleńszczyznę. Polityka Rzeczypospolitej wobec Moskwy w latach 1607–1612 Toruń 1995.
Henryk Wisner, Król i car. Rzeczpospolita i Moskwa w XVI i XVII w., Warszawa 1995
Andrzej Grzegorz Przepiórka, Od Staroduba do Moskwy. Działania wojsk Dymitra II Samozwańca w latach 1607–1608. Zabrze 2007.
Stanisław Żółkiewski, Początek i progres wojny moskiewskiej, opr. J. Maciszewski, Warszawa 1966.
Zbigniew Wójcik, Historia powszechna XVI-XVII wieku, Warszawa 1968, s. 310.
Diariusz drogi spisanej i różnych przypadków pociesznych i żałosnych prowadząc córkę Jerzego Mniszka, Marynę, Dymitrowi Iwanowiczowi w roku 1606; Stanisław Niemojewski; Warszawa; 2006.
16th-century births
Jadwiga
Mniszech family
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing |
4012878 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual%20Execution%20System | Virtual Execution System | The Virtual Execution System (VES) is a run-time system of the Common Language Infrastructure CLI which provides an environment for executing managed code. It provides direct support for a set of built-in data types, defines a hypothetical machine with an associated machine model and state, a set of control flow constructs, and an exception handling model. To a large extent, the purpose of the VES is to provide the support required to execute the Common Intermediate Language CIL instruction set.
Implementations
The Common Language Runtime (CLR) implements the VES as defined in the Common Language Infrastructure (CLI) standard. Other notable implementations of the CLI such as Mono and Portable.NET include their own VES implementations. The .NET Micro Framework includes the .NET Micro Framework Interpreter as their VES implementation.
See also
Native Image Generator
Application domain
Stack-based virtual machines |
4012894 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HttpUnit | HttpUnit | HttpUnit is an open-source software testing framework used to perform testing of web sites without the need for a web browser. HttpUnit supports HTML form submission, JavaScript, HTTP basic access authentication, automatic page redirection, and cookies. Written in Java, HttpUnit allows Java test code to process returned pages as text, XML DOM, or containers of forms, tables and links. HttpUnit is well suited to be used in combination with JUnit, in order to easily write tests that verify the proper behaviour of a web site.
The use of HttpUnit allows for automated testing of web applications and as a result, assists in regression testing.
See also
Software performance testing
Performance Engineering
Software
HtmlUnit
References
Further reading
External links
HttpUnit
Java platform
Unit testing frameworks |
4012898 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metastatic%20calcification | Metastatic calcification | Metastatic calcification is deposition of calcium salts in otherwise normal tissue, because of elevated serum levels of calcium, which can occur because of deranged metabolism as well as increased absorption or decreased excretion of calcium and related minerals, as seen in hyperparathyroidism.
In contrast, dystrophic calcification is caused by abnormalities or degeneration of tissues resulting in mineral deposition, though blood levels of calcium remain normal. These differences in pathology also mean that metastatic calcification is often found in many tissues throughout a person or animal, whereas dystrophic calcification is localized.
Metastatic calcification can occur widely throughout the body but principally affects the interstitial tissues of the vasculature, kidneys, lungs, and gastric mucosa. For the latter three, acid secretions or rapid changes in pH levels contribute to the formation of salts.
Causes
Hypercalcemia, elevated blood calcium, has numerous causes, including
Elevated levels of parathyroid hormone due to hyperparathyroidism, leading to bone resorption and subsequent hypercalcemia by reducing phosphate concentration.
Secretion of parathyroid hormone-related protein by certain tumors.
Resorption of bone due to
Primary bone marrow tumors (e.g. multiple myeloma and leukemia)
Metastasis of other tumors, breast cancer for example, to bone.
Paget disease
Immobilization
Vitamin D related disorders
Vitamin D intoxication
Williams syndrome (increased sensitivity to vitamin D)
Sarcoidosis
Kidney failure
References
Histopathology |
4012907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diggle%2C%20Greater%20Manchester | Diggle, Greater Manchester | Diggle is a village in the civil parish of the Saddleworth in Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, in Greater Manchester, England. The village is situated on the moorlands of the Pennine hills.
Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, it is located at one end of the restored Standedge Canal Tunnel, Britain's longest, deepest and highest canal tunnel. In the village there is a listed building, the Gate pub and a post office/off-licence.
Diggle is home to Diggle F.C., an FA registered amateur football club which plays its home games at Churchill Playing Fields, Uppermill. It competes in the Huddersfield and District Association Football League.
History
The name "Diggle" comes from the Saxon word degle meaning "valley". Like many of the Saddleworth villages, it traces its history back to a collection of hamlets.
Transport
A railway line that connects Manchester to Huddersfield and Leeds runs through Diggle. There used to be a local railway station in the village, which opened in 1849, but it was one of many to go in the Beeching era, closing in 1963. The nearest stations to Diggle are in Greenfield and Marsden in Yorkshire.
Diggle is served by the 184 and 356 bus services. The 184 is ran by First Greater Manchester between Oldham and Huddersfield hourly in both directions Monday to Saturdays with the 184 running every 2 hours on Sunday. Diggle is also served by the 356 which runs between Oldham and Ashton-under-Lyne via Denshaw, Uppermill, Greenfield, Mossley and Stalybridge with service up to every hour on Weekdays and Saturdays and every 2 hours on Sundays.
See also
Listed buildings in Saddleworth
References
Diggle
Towns and villages of the Peak District
Geography of the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
Saddleworth |
4012911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mahendran%20%28filmmaker%29 | Mahendran (filmmaker) | J. Alexander (25 July 1939 – 2 April 2019), known professionally as Mahendran, was an Indian film director, screenwriter and actor, known for his work in the Tamil film industry. Mahendran is regarded as one of the greatest film makers of Tamil cinema and has influenced several filmmakers of the generations that followed.
Mahendran entered the film industry as a screenwriter, writing scripts for nearly 26 films. He made an immediate impact with his first directional venture Mullum Malarum (1978). Mahendran's next film Uthiripookkal, based on a short story written by Pudumaipithan, firmly established him as an important filmmaker in Tamil cinema. His Nenjathai Killathe won three National Film Awards including the award for the best regional film.
He has also acted in films during the latter part of his film career, including Kamaraj (2004), Theri (2016), Nimir (2018) and Petta (2019). Before his death, he was the head of the direction department of BOFTA Film Institute in Chennai.
Biography
Mahendran was born on 25 July 1939 to Joseph Chelliah, a teacher and Manonmani. Mahendran did his schooling in Ilayangudi and completed his intermediate at American College, Madurai. Later he joined Alagappa Government Arts College to do a Bachelor of Arts in Economics. During his college days, he was very active in stage plays. It was during that time when M. G. Ramachandran (M.G.R.) was invited as the chief guest for the college day during which Mahendran gave a speech that directly criticized the commercial elements that existed in cinema. Impressed by his speech M.G.R. praised Mahendran and said that he could become a good critic. After completing his degree, he went to Madras to study law. Seven months after joining the course he had to discontinue due to financial concerns. He then decided to go back to Ilayangud. However, on the insistence of Karaikudi Kannappa Valliappan he joined Inamuzhakkam, a periodical as a journalist. It was during this time he met M.G.R. again and he was asked to write the screenplay of Ponniyin Selvan after the former decided to make a film based on the story. The idea of developing the screenplay into a film got delayed, and M.G.R. asked Mahendran to write a story for his drama troupe. Mahendran wrote a script titled Anaadhaigal. M.G.R. decided to make a film based in the play. He named the film Vaazhve Vaa and acted in the lead role alongside Savitri. The project got shelved after three days of shooting. Soon M.G.R. acted in a film called Kaanchi Thalaivan and he recommended Mahendran to the director to make him an assistant.
Mahendran made his breakthrough as a screenwriter for the film Naam Moovar in 1966. After the success of the film he got more offers from the same banner and worked in films like Sabaash Thambi and Panakkara Pillai, both released in the subsequent years. He also wrote the script for Nirakudam starring Sivaji Ganesan. He announced that he was working on a new film in 2014 starring newcomers, for which Ilaiyaraaja would score music. He also worked as an actor in the films Kamaraj (2004), Theri (2016), and Nimir (2018).
He was also a part of the Blue Ocean Film and Television Academy (BOFTA) in Chennai where he headed the filmmaking and direction course.
Mahendran died on 2 April 2019, at the age of 79.
Awards
Filmfare Award for Best Film – Tamil - Mullum Malarum (1978)
Filmfare Award for Best Director – Tamil - Uthiripookkal (1979)
National Film Award for Best Feature Film in Tamil - Nenjathai Killathe (1980)
IIFA Utsavam Best actor for Performance in a negative role - Theri (2016)
Filmography
References
External links
1939 births
2019 deaths
Film directors from Tamil Nadu
Indian Tamil people
Tamil film directors
Filmfare Awards South winners
People from Sivaganga district
20th-century Indian film directors
21st-century Indian film directors
Tamil screenwriters
Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Indian dramatists and playwrights |
4012912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salome%20%28software%29 | Salome (software) | SALOME is a multi-platform open source (LGPL-2.1-or-later) scientific computing environment, allowing the realization of industrial studies of physics simulations.
This platform, developed by a partnership between EDF and CEA, sets up an environment for the various stages of a study to be carried out: from the creation of the CAD model and the mesh to the post-processing and visualization of the results, including the sequence of calculation schemes. Other functionalities such as uncertainty treatment, data assimilation are also implemented.
SALOME does not contain a physics solver but it provides the computing environment necessary for their integration. The SALOME environnement serves as a basis for the creation of disciplinary platforms, such as salome_meca (containing code_aster), salome_cfd (with code_saturne) and SALOME-HYDRO (with TELEMAC-MASCARET).
It is also possible to create tools for specific applications (for example civil engineering, fast dynamics in pipes or rotating machines, available in salome_meca) whose specialized graphical interface ifacilitate the performance of a study.
In addition to using SALOME through its graphical interface, most of the functionalities are available through a Python API. SALOME is available on its official website.
A SALOME Users’ Day takes place every year, featuring presentations on studies performed with SALOME in several application domains, either at EDF, CEA or elsewhere. The presentations of previous editions are available on the official website.
History and consortium
The development of SALOME started around the year 2000 by a 9-sided partnership, including EDF, CEA and Open Cascade. The SALOME acronym means “Numerical Simulation by Computing Architecture in Open Source and with Evolving Methodology” (in French, « Simulation numérique par Architecture Logicielle en Open source et à Méthodologie d'Évolution »). Since 2020, the partnership focuses on industrial applications in the energy domain and is formed by EDF and CEA.
The MED format
The MED format (Modèle d’Échange des Données in French, for Data Exchange Model) is a specialization of the HDF5 standard. It is jointly owned by EDF and CEA. MED is SALOME's data exchange model. The MED data model offers a standardized representation of meshes and result fields that is independent of the simulated physics. The MED library is developed in C and C++ and has an API in C, FORTRAN and Python.
Available features
Most of the modules are accessible both through the GUI and Python script. However, some modules remain dedicated to a purely scripted use (via python script). Here is the list of the available modules of SALOME 9.4 and that are also accessible via Python scripts :
Shaper: parametric and variationnal CAD generator of geometrical models for physics simulation in industrial domains, compatible with the STEP, IGES and BREP formats;
GEOM: this component provides multiple functionalities for creating, viewing and modifying geometric CAD models.
SMESH: mesh generator, compatible with the UNV, MED, STL, CGNS, SAUV et GMF formats, that contains the MeshGems suite (developed by the Distene company, under commercial license), the NetGen algorithms, mesh handling functionalities and mesh quality control operations;
ParaViS: advanced scientific visualization module, based on the ParaView open source software developed by the Kitware company;
YACS: computation orchestration;
JobManager: module for distant launching of jobs on cluster;
EFICAS: data interface creator and dataset dynamic validation module;
ADAO: data assimilation module;
HOMARD: adaptive mesh generator by mesh element division following given criteria (zone, error criteria given by the physics computation, etc.);
PERSALYS: graphical interface of OpenTURNS, which is the uncertainty treatment and statistical analysis module;
The modules only accessible in python are:
MEDCoupling: mesh and field handling module, accessible through Python scripts only (without a graphical interface);
Melissa: in-situ statistical data post-treatment module oriented to sensitivity studies, accessible through Python scripts only (without a graphical interface);
Available versions
SALOME is available for several UNIX operating systems and Windows. Specific versions are generated by EDF and CEA containing specific packages for their applications. All versions are available on the SALOME official website and the disciplinary platforms’ websites.
References
External links
Official website
SALOME’s description on its official website
SALOME’s official public presentation
SALOME’s YouTube channel created by EDF (In French)
SALOME’s YouTube channel created by CEA (In French)
Free computer-aided design software
Computer-aided design software for Linux |
4012945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ungma | Ungma | Ungma is an Ao Naga village situated 10 km south of Mokokchung, Nagaland, India. The village is divided into two parts, Yimpang (North) and Yimlang (South). In the heart of the village, i.e., between Yimpang and Yimlang, the Baptist Church stands, reflecting the dominance of Baptist faith in the everyday life of the village.
Demographics
In recent years, both Mokokchung and Ungma have grown due to increase in population and have become one continuous settlement. It is a part of the continuous settlements from Amenyong and Khensa in the Northwest and DEF colony in the Northeast through Mokokchung and Ungma up to Alichen in the south. This has resulted in an urban agglomeration that is the third largest in the state.
With a population of 7,189 people (2001 census), Ungma is the third largest Ao village as also the third largest village in Mokokchung District. Prior to this, Ungma enjoyed the privilege of being the largest Ao village as also that of Mokokchung District. However, by 2001 census, Chuchuyimlang and Changki had overtaken Ungma in terms of population. Recent population trend also suggest that Longjang may soon overtake Ungma as the third largest Ao village.
Culture
The people are friendly and courteous. Almost the entire population is Christian. Christmas and New Year is a very good time to visit Ungma. The villagers begin to celebrate Christmas from the first week of December and continue until the new year.
Politics
Ungma falls under 26 Aonglenden Assembly Constituency of the Nagaland Legislative Assembly. S. C. Jamir, the ex-Chief Minister of Nagaland (the longest serving chief minister in Nagaland history) and the ex-Governor of Goa & Maharashtra hails from this village. It is partly because of his towering personality that Ungma in particular and Mokokchung District in general has virtually become a bastion of the Indian National Congress Party.
Attractions
Nature Park Ungma is a beautiful park located in the outskirt of the Village. It was built upon a hilltop, a place also known as Tzüdir Yimka. The National Highway 61 (India) is adjacent with the park. Visitors comes here for entertainment varying from family picnics to weddings, seminars and educational tours. It is well maintained and remains open all through the week.
References
External links
Mokokchung
Ao villages
Villages in Mokokchung district |
4012950 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovisi | Ludovisi | Ludovisi can refer to:
Ludovisi (family), a noble Italian family
Ludovisi papacy of Pope Gregory XV
Cardinals Ludovisi
Cardinal Alessandro Ludovisi, later Pope Gregory XV
Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi (the Pope's Cardinal Nephew and Orazio's son)
Cardinal Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi (Ludovico's cousin), Prince of Piombino
Non-ecclesiastic family members
Orazio Ludovisi (Pope Gregory XV's brother), Italian military commander and patrician of Bologna
Niccolò Ludovisi (Orazio's son), Prince of Piombino
Giovan Battista Ludovisi (Niccolò's son), Prince of Piombino
Olimpia Ludovisi (Niccolò's daughter and grand-niece of two popes)
Ippolita Ludovisi (Niccolò's daughter and grand-niece of two popes)
Villa Ludovisi, a suburban villa in Rome, built in the 17th century for Cardinal Ludovico, destroyed in the 19th century; its territory becoming the Ludovisi rione.
Casino di Villa Boncompagni Ludovisi, a remaining portion of the villa, now housing the U.S. Embassy in Italy
Palazzo Boncompagni Ludovisi, a remaining portion of the villa
Juno Ludovisi, a colossal Roman marble head from a statue of Antonia Minor as the goddess Juno
Ludovisi Dionysus, a Roman work of the 2nd century CE, first displayed in front of the Palazzo Grande, at the Villa Ludovisi
Ludovisi Ares, an Antonine Roman marble sculpture of Mars
Ludovisi Gaul, a Roman marble group depicting a man in the act of plunging a sword into his breast
Audoenus Ludovisi (Owen Lewis; 1532-1594), Welsh Roman Catholic jurist, administrator, diplomat, and Bishop of Cassano all'Jonio
Francesco Boncompagni Ludovisi (1886–1955), Italian politician
Felice Ludovisi (1912-20), Italian architect and academici
Ludovisi, Lazio, the XVI rione in the City of Rome
Boncompagni Ludovisi Decorative Art Museum, a National Gallery of Modern Art in rome, Italy
Palazzo Ludovisi, a palace in Rome also built for Cardinal Ludovico; now the seat of the Italian Chamber of Deputies
Ludovisi Throne, an sculpted block of white marble hollowed at the back and carved with bas-reliefs on the three outer faces, from about 460 BCE
Great Ludovisi sarcophagus, an ancient Roman sarcophagus dating to around 250–260 AD
See also
Italian-language surnames |
4012959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Can%27t%20Dance | I Can't Dance | "I Can't Dance" is the fourth track from the Genesis album We Can't Dance and was the second single from the album. The lyrics were written by drummer Phil Collins and the music was written by the whole band. The song peaked at number seven on both the US Billboard Hot 100 and the UK Singles Chart and received a Grammy Award nomination for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals in 1993. The song also reached number one in Belgium and the Netherlands while peaking within the top five in Austria, Canada, Germany, and Portugal.
Background
During one recording session, Mike Rutherford first created the main riff of the song he called "Heavy A Flat", to which Phil Collins suddenly improvised "I Can't Dance!". The riff was actually inspired by a Levi Strauss & Co. TV commercial (in the studio, the song was created under the working title "Blue Jeans") using The Clash song "Should I Stay or Should I Go". Originally the band did not think of it as anything more than a joke, because the song was too simple, too bluesy and completely unlike Genesis' style. Tony Banks said in an interview "It was one of those bits you thought was going to go nowhere. It sounded fun, but wasn't really special".
It was not until Banks added the keyboard sound effects that the song took on a whole different feeling—with a slight edge of humour in it—which made the band decide to record it.
Banks also said in an interview that it showed a kind of direction Genesis could have gone in. Opposite to what Genesis has done as general practice, which is taking an idea and turning it into a long or complex composition, it was just taking an idea, and leaving it alone.
Critical reception
The Daily Vault's Christopher Thelen said that "I Can't Dance" is "a goofy number that features Genesis mocking themselves for being un-hip. (Best line from this song: "Ooh, she's got a body under that shirt"—dirty old man alert!)" He added, "If you ever get a chance to view the video, watch it; it's hysterical." A reviewer from People Magazine described it as a "melodically fetching, radio-ready track", and "a simple slammer with an arrangement that shows off the group’s remarkable facility for aural atmospherics."
Music video
The music video for "I Can't Dance" (directed by frequent collaborator Jim Yukich) illustrates the artifice and false glamour of television advertisements. Collins commented that the video was designed to poke fun at the models in jeans commercials, and each verse refers to things that models in these commercials do. During the first verse, he portrays a hitchhiker on a remote desert road in Hi Vista, California. A woman speeds past in a Porsche 911, then backs up to Collins and lets a lizard at his feet get in; she drives off, leaving him stranded. Collins is seen on a beach in the second verse, trying to pull his jeans away from a sunbather's angry dog; for the third, he loses them in a pool game at a bar.
These scenes are intercut with footage of the band and film crew members setting up the areas as if to shoot a series of commercials. The video ends with a parody of the video for the Michael Jackson song "Black or White," in which Collins imitates Jackson's erratic dancing. Banks and Rutherford eventually arrive to escort Collins off the set, at which point he goes limp and they have to drag him away.
The song created the "'I Can't Dance' dance" (a series of stiff, stylised motions). Collins explained in an interview that when he was at stage school, he would see kids that would always use the same hand and the same foot when they were tap dancing, meaning they could not co-ordinate. He then copied their movements and the 'dance' was born.
Collins told Rolling Stone that the music video and the song were a joke about male models in jeans commercials who could not dance or talk, but could only walk in their jeans. He also said the audience was confused and could not figure out the joke because clearly Phil Collins can dance, as he dances at the end of the video.
Release
Single releases contained an extended remix entitled "Sex Mix". This was later released on the Genesis Archive 2: 1976–1992 box set retitled as the "12" Mix". The remixers were brothers Howard Gray and Trevor Gray of Apollo 440.
The B-side, "On the Shoreline", was also included on Genesis Archive 2: 1976–1992. The song features a sample of guitarist Mike Rutherford's guitar playing that was captured by Tony Banks during a jam session. The peculiar sound (dubbed "elephantus" by the band) was also used in the song "No Son of Mine." Several chord passages also appeared in "Living Forever." Rolling Stone commented that "On the Shoreline" is "enjoyable in an un-ironic way. Here, as usual, Phil Collins sounds most comfortable at the raspy apex of his vocal range, pushing his voice to the breaking point as Tony Banks' synths drift through like mists."
The "Jesus He Knows Me" CD single also included a version titled "I Can't Dance (the other mix)" with a running length of 5:59.
Live performances
"I Can't Dance" was played live during The Way We Walk, Calling All Stations (with Ray Wilson on vocals), and Turn It On Again tours. On the band's Turn It On Again Tour and The Last Domino? Tour, it was included as an encore. During live performances, the song was transposed to a lower key to accommodate Collins' deepening voice.
A live version appears on their albums The Way We Walk, Volume One: The Shorts, and Live over Europe 2007, as well as on their DVDs The Way We Walk - Live in Concert and When in Rome 2007.
Rutherford and Daryl Stuermer accompanied Collins doing the walk across the stage.
Ray Wilson continued to cover the song on his solo live album after his departure from Genesis. His version is a bluesier rendition, closer to the original.
Track listings
7-inch and cassette single
"I Can't Dance"
"On the Shoreline"
12-inch and CD single
"I Can't Dance"
"On the Shoreline"
"I Can't Dance" (sex mix)
Australian CD single and Japanese mini-album
"I Can't Dance"
"On the Shoreline"
"In Too Deep" (live)
"That's All" (live)
US CD single and Japanese mini-CD single
"I Can't Dance" (LP version) – 4:00
"I Can't Dance" (sex mix) – 6:59 (7:02 in Japan)
US maxi-CD single
"I Can't Dance" (LP version) – 4:00
"On the Shoreline" – 4:45
"In Too Deep" (live) – 5:28
"That's All" (live) – 4:54
"I Can't Dance" (sex mix) – 6:59
Personnel
Tony Banks – keyboards
Phil Collins – vocals, drums, drum machine
Mike Rutherford – electric guitars, bass guitar
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Covers
In the 1990s, "Weird Al" Yankovic created a parody of the video for "I Can't Dance" for his series Al TV, in which he appeared alongside the band. He added shots of himself to several of the band shots.
In 2007, German death metal group Debauchery recorded "I Can't Dance" and released it on their fourth album, Back in Blood.
In 2014, Finnish metal band Sonata Arctica released a cover of "I Can't Dance" as a bonus track on their album Ecliptica: Revisited; 15th Anniversary Edition. The band made a promotional video which features all of the band members dancing in cities that they visited during their Pariah's Child tour.
References
Fielder, Hugh (2000). Genesis Archive #2: 1976—1992 [CD liner notes]. Gelring Ltd.
External links
Genesis official site
1991 songs
1992 singles
Atlantic Records singles
Blues rock songs
Dutch Top 40 number-one singles
Genesis (band) songs
Songs about dancing
Songs written by Mike Rutherford
Songs written by Phil Collins
Songs written by Tony Banks (musician)
Virgin Records singles |
4012965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miriam%20Patchen | Miriam Patchen | Miriam Patchen (1914–2000) was the wife and muse of poet and novelist Kenneth Patchen, who dedicated each of his more than 40 books to his wife. He also wrote and published a large number of love poems for Miriam including well-known pieces like "23rd Street Runs Into Heaven."
Personal life
Miriam met Patchen in Boston in 1933 at a friend's Christmas party. At the time, Miriam was an undergraduate at Massachusetts State College in Amherst. The two kept in touch and Patchen started sending her the first of many love poems. They soon fell in love and decided to get married. First Patchen took her to meet his parents in Youngstown, Ohio, then they got married on June 28, 1934 in nearby Sharon, Pennsylvania. After their wedding, they spent much of their marriage living in New York City in Greenwich Village. Then they relocated to the West Coast, living in San Francisco and later, towards the end of Patchen's life, they settled into a cottage house in Palo Alto where Patchen died.
Miriam was Patchen's strongest supporter and stood by him as the couple struggled financially throughout their marriage. In addition to their financial struggles, the couple had to contend with serious medical problems as well. Kenneth Patchen struggled with chronic pain from a back injury for many years before he finally became incapacitated when his injury was severely aggravated by a botched surgery in 1959. Immobilized by the injury, Patchen's sole caretaker was his wife, and since he was bedridden, he wrote and painted poems from his bed with her assistance. To help make ends meet at this point, Miriam also had to take a job working in retail at a local department store. At the same time, Miriam also had serious health problems, including diabetes and multiple sclerosis.
After her husband's death on January 8, 1972, she became an activist for peace and an advocate for her husband's poetry. Laurent B. Frantz, a civil rights activist, became her companion until he died on September 20, 1998. In 1998, Miriam was the subject of a short documentary film by Kim Roberts titled Miriam Is Not Amused.
She was born Miriam Oikemus in Waverley, Belmont, Massachusetts on 28 September 1914 and died in Palo Alto, California on 6 March 2000.
Notes and references
External links
Obituary in The Independent (UK) by Marcus Williamson
Kenneth Patchen Home Page
1914 births
2000 deaths
People from Belmont, Massachusetts
American activists
American people of Finnish descent |
4012976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludovico%20Ludovisi | Ludovico Ludovisi | Ludovico Ludovisi (22 or 27 October 1595 – 18 November 1632) was an Italian cardinal and statesman of the Roman Catholic Church. He was an art connoisseur who formed a famous collection of antiquities, housed at the Villa Ludovisi in Rome.
Biography
Ludovico Ludovisi was born in Bologna, then part of the Papal States, the son of Orazio Ludovisi and Lavinia Albergati. Following in the footsteps of his uncle Alessandro Ludovisi, he was trained at the Jesuit Collegio Germanico of Rome, and went on to the University of Bologna, where he received his doctorate in canon law on 25 February 1615.
When Alessandro Ludovisi was acclaimed pope, taking the name Gregory XV, Ludovico was made cardinal the day after his coronation, though he was only 25. The following month he was made archbishop of Bologna though he remained in Rome. His uncle had great faith in his judgement and energy and was in need of a strong and able assistant to help govern the Papal States (the Pope was, after all, in his late 60s). On the same day, Orazio Ludovisi, Ludovico's father, was put at the head of the pontifical army. Gregory XV was not disappointed in his nephew. As the Catholic Encyclopedia avers:
He was sent as legate in Fermo in 1621 and in Avignon, 1621–1623. He served briefly as Camerlengo of the Holy Roman Church (19 April 1621 to 7 June 1623).
In August 1623, Ludovisi participated in the papal conclave that elected Pope Urban VIII. Due to conflict with the new pope's family, Ludovisi was forced to leave Rome.
He continued, however, as prefect of the sacred consulta of the Propaganda Fide (1622 to 1632) and Vice-Chancellor of the Holy Roman Church (1623 to 1632). He died in Bologna in 1632.
Patron of the arts
Cardinal Ludovisi is remembered as a connoisseur and patron of arts. He paid for the construction of the Jesuit Chiesa di Sant'Ignazio and Palazzo Ludovisi (now Palazzo Montecitorio), where Gian Lorenzo Bernini was his architect. He rapidly assembled from private owners and the Carmelite brothers of Santa Maria in Traspontina a holding of vineyards and small plots to create the Villa Ludovisi, a vast complex of gardens and buildings on the Monte Pincio near Porta Pinciana, in the so-called "Gardens of Sallust" on the site where Julius Caesar and his heir, Augustus, had had their villas. The Ludovisi Ares, a spectacular discovery of 1622, found its way quickly to the collection. He employed Alessandro Algardi to restore other finds, some of which were unearthed in the grounds of the Villa itself. The sculpture was lightly restored by Bernini and joined the Dying Gaul in the Cardinal's gallery. The Ludovisi collection was enlarged with purchases from Cardinal Altemps' collection, all housed at the splendid Villa Ludovisi, which he surrounded with gardens. Guercino painted frescoes at the villa, and Cardinal Ludovisi's house poet was Alessandro Tassoni.
At the casino of the Villa, Cardinal Ludovisi employed Carlo Maderno to rebuild a simple house further up the hill. In a small ground-floor gallery of the casino, Guercino frescoed a ceiling with his Chariot of Aurora (1621–1623). It remains one of the most famous painted decors of Rome.
His cousin, Niccolò Albergati-Ludovisi, was made cardinal in 1645.
Episcopal succession
References
1595 births
1632 deaths
Ludovico Cardinal
17th-century Italian cardinals
Cardinal-nephews
Roman Catholic archbishops of Bologna
17th-century Italian Roman Catholic archbishops
Cardinal Secretaries of State
Members of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith
Camerlengos of the Holy Roman Church
Clergy from Bologna |
4012981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compiz | Compiz | Compiz () is a compositing window manager for the X Window System, using 3D graphics hardware to create fast compositing desktop effects for window management. Effects, such as a minimization animation or a cube workspace, are implemented as loadable plugins. Because it conforms to the ICCCM conventions, Compiz can be used as a substitute for the default Mutter or Metacity, when using GNOME Panel, or KWin in KDE Plasma Workspaces. Internally Compiz uses the OpenGL library as the interface to the graphics hardware.
Hardware requirements
Initially, Compiz only worked with 3D hardware supported by Xgl. Most NVIDIA and ATI graphics cards are known to work with Compiz on Xgl. Since May 22, 2006 Compiz works on the standard X.Org Server, by using AIGLX. Besides Intel GMA graphics cards, AIGLX also supports using AMD graphics cards (including R300 and newer cards) using the open-source driver which supports since fall 2006.
NVIDIA's binary drivers (since Version 1.0-9629) support on standard X.Org server; ATI/AMD's binary drivers do since version 8.42.
History
By the early 2000's, both ATI and Nvidia drivers became increasingly common on Linux. Advanced OpenGL development was no longer restricted to expensive UNIX workstations. Around the same time, Xgl, Xegl and AIGLX gave Xorg the possibility of using OpenGL for transformation and effects on windows surfaces.
With foundations finally available, xcompmgr pioneered the features of a compositing window manager.
Luminocity
An effort called Luminocity began with some GNOME developers to make use of recent developments. In March 2005, the Luminocity project already featured effects like "wobbly windows", "physics models for window moving", "live updating workspace switcher" and "alpha compositing".
Given Luminocity was mostly a prototype, its development soon was abandoned, but some of its effects and behaviors were later implemented by Compiz.
Compiz
The first version of Compiz was released as free software by Novell (SUSE) no later than February 2006 in the wake of the (also new) Xgl. It was one of the earliest compositing window managers for X.
In March 2006 Compiz was ported to AIGLX by Red Hat.
Beryl
Beryl was the project name for the quinnstorm branch of Compiz, announced on September 19, 2006 after Compiz developer Quinn Storm and the development team decided that the fork had come too far from the original Compiz started by Novell (). After the Novell XGL/Compiz team (mostly David Reveman) refused the proposition to merge the Quinnstorm changes with compiz-vanilla, the decision was made to make a real differentiation.
Among the differences to Compiz, Beryl had a new window decorator named Emerald based on cgwd along with a theme manager called , used a flat file backend instead of gconf, and had no GNOME dependencies.
Merger of the Compiz and Beryl communities
On March 30, 2007, discussions between the Beryl and Compiz communities led to a merger of the two communities which results in two new software packages:
Compiz, (also Compiz-core) which contains only the core functionality of Compiz and base plugins
Compiz Fusion, consisting of the plugins, decorators, settings tools and related applications from the Beryl and Compiz communities. Compiz Fusion concentrates on installation, configuration and additional plugins to add to the core functionalities of Compiz.
Outcomes include plans to fund a code review panel consisting of the best developers from each community who will see that any code included in a release package meets the highest standards and is suitable for distribution
in an officially supported package.
Further branches
In the fourth quarter of 2008, two separate branches of Compiz were created: compiz++ and NOMAD; compiz++ was geared toward the separation of compositing and OpenGL layers for the rendering of the window manager without compositing effects, and the port from C to C++ programming language. NOMAD was geared towards the improvement of remote desktop performance for Compiz installations.
Merger of the Compiz branches
On February 2, 2009 a conference call was held between developers of Compiz, Compiz++, NOMAD and Compiz Fusion where it was decided to merge the projects into a unified project, simply named Compiz, with a unified roadmap.
Compiz 0.9 series
On July 4, 2010, Sam Spilsbury, lead Compiz developer, announced the release of Compiz 0.9.0 with a new API, rewritten in C++.
Canonical Ltd. hired Spilsbury to further develop Compiz for Ubuntu in October 2010. Since then Compiz development mostly coincides with Ubuntu development. Main development moved to Canonical's Launchpad service. The 0.9.x versions up to 0.9.5 were seen as unstable/beta software. With version 0.9.6 in progress, Canonical hired developer Daniel van Vugt to work on Compiz full-time. While 0.9.6 never officially released, Compiz 0.9.7.0 was released a month ahead of enterprise-targeted Ubuntu 12.04 LTS (Long Term Support) and declared stable. A few days before the official release of Ubuntu 12.04 a new development branch, 0.9.8, was created in preparation for Ubuntu 12.10. For Compiz version 0.9.8 development has moved to a new Launchpad page.
In November 2012, Spilsbury announced that he had left Canonical and stated he had no plans to port Compiz to Wayland. A small team continues to work on Compiz with version 0.9.13 being the focus of development as of July 2016.
Compiz Reloaded
A group forked the Compiz 0.8 series code base and modernized it and maintains it as of 2019.
Features
Almost all available Compiz features – except translucency, dimming, and desaturation – are delivered using plugins.
Compiz plugins include the cube effect, Alt-Tab application-switching with live previews or icons, and a feature similar to macOS's Mission Control. The Composite extension to X is used, as is the OpenGL extension .
The Compiz project categorizes the plugins into four main groups: Main, Extra, Unsupported, and Experimental.
Window managers use a program called a window decorator to provide the window borders with the usual minimize, maximize and close buttons. Unlike many window managers which have only one window decorator, Compiz users have a choice of three:
gtk-window-decorator uses either a basic cairo-based rendering engine or can use Metacity themes.
kde-window-decorator uses native KWin themes.
Emerald, a custom decorator with its own theme format that has been ported to Compiz. It used to be Beryl's default decorator.
Deployments
Compiz or Beryl have usually been deployed on Linux and other X11-based Unix-like platforms together with GNOME 2 and KDE 3. Since version 4.2, however, KDE's own KWin ships with capabilities similar to Compiz. As such, Compiz is not usually deployed with recent Plasma Workspaces versions.
GNOME version 3.0 uses GNOME Shell which is built as a plugin to the Mutter compositing window manager. This means Compiz cannot be used in conjunction with GNOME Shell.
Citing a lack of maintenance on the part of the Compiz developers, Fedora removed Compiz from the Fedora repositories from Fedora 17 however Compiz has been reinstated in the Fedora repositories since Fedora 18. An official MATE spin which includes Compiz has been available since Fedora 19.
Compiz was dropped from the Debian repositories from Debian 7 (Wheezy) onwards in August 2013 due to broken packages and a lack of upstream development on the part of the Compiz developers.
Compiz was reintroduced into Debian in December 2016 by the Hypra.fr Team.
Compiz was dropped from the Arch Linux repositories in May 2013. Compiz can still be installed from packages available in the Arch User Repository.
Ubuntu 6.06 LTS and later included Compiz in the universe repository. A limited version was included by default as "Desktop Effects" in Ubuntu 7.04. From Ubuntu 7.10 onwards, Compiz was enabled by default. In 2010 Canonical released their Unity interface which is written as a plugin for Compiz.
Reception and impact
Early compiz reviews were mostly favorable praising its performance, beauty and novelty value. It was included in Ubuntu 6.06 repositories to allow easy installation and was, as of 2021, the only time an Ubuntu release was postponed.
Other projects like Metisse and Project Looking Glass were developed around the same time, but none became as known or widely deployed as Compiz. Other window managers like GNOME Shell and KWin would later also implement compositing effects.
The development of Wayland around 2010 merged the functions of compositor and graphics server on the same program, a move that would eventually obsolete separate window managers and compositors. Distributions which still included it by default usually enabled just a few useful plugins and disabled the more "blingy" ones. Also, distributions increasingly began including KDE and GNOME with their default window managers. The last Ubuntu version to include Compiz to implement its Unity desktop manager was Ubuntu 16.04. After that, its development became mostly stagnant.
Some Compiz effects (0.8.5)
See also
Comparison of X window managers
VirtualGL
DeskSpace
Project Looking Glass
Metisse
References
External links
Compiz on Launchpad
(unmaintained)
2006 software
3D GUIs
Compositing window managers
Free software programmed in C
Free X window managers
Freedesktop.org
Linux windowing system-related software
Software using the MIT license |
4012985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C.%20V.%20Sridhar | C. V. Sridhar | Chitthamoor Vijayaraghavalu Sridhar (22 July 1933 – 20 October 2008) was an Indian screenwriter and film director. He has directed nearly 60 films in Tamil, Hindi and Telugu.
Early life
Sridhar hailed from Chitthamur, a village near Maduranthakam, Tamil Nadu. He studied at St. Joseph's Higher Secondary School from Chengalpattu where he began writing and staging plays while he was in the Seventh Standard.
Career
Entry
In 1951, 18-year-old Sridhar went to AVM Productions with his story Latchiyavathi but P. Neelakantan rejected his story. Avvai T. K. Shanmugam was very much impressed by the story and Sridhar wrote the screenplay and dialogues for the drama. It was staged as Raththa Paasam and was one of the most successful dramas staged by TKS brothers. Sridhar was proudly taken to the stage and introduced to the audience as the writer. It was later produced jointly by TKS and Jupiter pictures under Jupiter – Avvai Productions where Jupiter pictures recommended some other writer to write the dialogues for the film. It was T. K. Shanmugam who was staunch that Sridhar should write the screenplay and dialogues. Sridhar made his entry into films as a screenwriter in Ratha Paasam. Later AVM Productions produced it in Hindi as Bhaai Bhaai in 1956 starring Ashok Kumar and Kishore Kumar but direction was by R. S. Mani. The film Bhai Bhai gave a big commercial break for the music director Madan Mohan
and the writer Sridhar himself.
Sridhar wrote story and dialogues for Edhir Paradhathu. Sridhar wrote the dialogues in Tamil for the Telugu movie Parivartana and the movie was dubbed in 1955 as Latchadhipathi. Sridhar continued on writing for films like Maaman Magal, Maheswari, Amara Deepam, Maadharkula Manikkam, Engal Veetu Mahalakshmi, Yaar Paiyan, Manjal Mahimai, Uthama Puthiran and Punar Jenmam.
While working in Modern Theatres as writer for the film Maheswari, Sridhar had an opportunity to improve his knowledge and skills about film production. T. R. Sundaram had a huge library of international books about great films and directors, about film production, critical and technical essays. Sridhar had a very high esteem on the legendary director V. Shantaram.
Venus Pictures
In 1956, Sridhar turned producer along with associates Krishnamoorthi, Govindarajan and Sundararajan in Venus Pictures where he scripted Amara Deepam and followed by Uthama Puthiran. Both films had Sivaji Ganesan and Padmini as the main roles. He made his debut as a director with Kalyana Parisu. This movie ran for more than 25 weeks, and is revered to this day as a milestone in the history of Tamil cinema. After this, he had a huge fan following and his name was talked about among the middle class movie going audience.
Chithralaya
He started his own production company Chithralaya (the emblem was designed by Art director Ganga) in 1961 with his friends Gopu, Vincent, Sundaram and Tiruchi Arunachalam made Then Nilavu. The latter which had Gemini Ganesan and Vyjayanthimala in the lead was the first Tamil film to be shot in Jammu and Kashmir. He made a series of commercially successful films like Nenjil Or Aalayam, Kaadhalikka Neramillai, Vennira Adai and many more.
Film-making style
Sridhar was known as Nava-rasa-director, as he made films in a variety of styles, from the comedy Kaadhalikka Neramillai to the serious Kalai-kovil and Nenjil Or Aalayam. The latter was remade in Hindi with Rajendra Kumar and Meena Kumari as Dil Ek Mandir which earn him two nomination at Filmfare Awards, Best Director and Best Story categories. He brought out the best in comedians T. R. Ramachandran, K. A. Thangavelu, and Nagesh, and helped introduce Murthy, Nirmala to a wider audience in Vennira Adai. Murthy, Nirmala, now a TV and movie comedian, is still referred to as "Venniradai Moorthy", "Venniradai Nirmala" after the fame he received from his performance in the movie. Even the actresses Jayalalitha and Nirmala used to be referred to as Venniraadai Jayalalitha and Venniraadai Nirmala
Sridhar's Kaadhalikka Neramillai was one of the greatest blockbusters of Tamil film history. It was later remade in Hindi with actor Kishore Kumar and Shashi Kapoor by himself. Sridhar helped launch the career of many celebrities in Tamil cinema, namely, Saroja Devi in Kalyaana Parisu, R. Muthuraman and Devika in Nenjil Or Aalayam, Srikanth, J. Jayalalithaa, Vennira Aadai Nirmala and Venniradai Moorthy in Vennira Adai (White Dress), Ravichandran, Kanchana and Rajasree in Kaadhalikka Neramillai, Kamal and Rajini in Ilamai Oonjal Aadigirathu, Karthik and Gigi in Ninaivellaam Nithya, Jayashree in Thendralae Ennai Thodu and Vikram in Thanthu Vitten Ennai.
His Bollywood films include Nazrana (1961), Dil Ek Mandir (1963), Pyar Kiye Jaa (1966) and Gehri Chaal (1973). Nazrana, starring by Raj Kapoor, Vyjayanthimala, Usha Kiran and Gemini Ganesan in guest appearance, earned him Filmfare Award for Best Story.The landmark film Nai Roshni directed by him in Hindu had Ashok Kumar, P. Bhanumati, Mala Sinha, Biwajeet and Raajkumar in lead roles and became the 7th highest-grossing film of the year 1967 in Hindi. Subsequently, this film was remade in Tamil as Poovum Pottum directed by Dada Mirasi.
Sridhar's films with Sivaji Ganesan include Ooty Varai Uravu, Nenjirukkum Varai, Sivantha Mann. Sivanthaman was the first color movie in Tamil shot at foreign locations. Dharti, the Hindi version was released in 1970 with Rajendra Kumar, Waheeda Rehman and Sivaji Ganesan in lead roles.
When in 1973, he went through sudden financial problems, at the insistence of Rajendra Kumar he approached M. G. Ramachandran, who suggested that a film be made and using that his financial woes would get resolved. Sridhar then made Urimai Kural which was a commercial success in 1974 and went on to direct M.G.R again in Meenava Nanban that was released in 1977.
In 1978, he brought together Kamal Hasan, Rajnikanth, Sripriya for romantic film Illamai Oonjal Aadugirathu. Then he remade the same in 1982 in Hindu as Dil-E-Nadan starring Rajesh Khanna, Shatrughan Sinha and Jaya Prada in lead roles. Both versions were successful.
In all his films he used a combination of stars, melodrama and melodious songs. He has directed films in Tamil, Hindi and Telugu.
Sridhar was considered an expert in song picturisation as he could transform any song into sheer poetry. The formidable Sridhar – Kannadasan – M. S. Viswanathan combination held a magic spell on the audience and the songs contributed to the tremendous success of those films.
Retirement and death
Sridhar, whose career spanned four decades, is credited with understanding the pulse of the public and creating movies in tune with the times. His memoirs Thirumpip Parkkiren [Looking Back], written by Chandra Maouli, was published in 2002.
Sridhar died of Cardiac arrest in Chennai on 20 October 2008.
Filmography
List of films directed by Sridhar. You may refer to the notes for the extra activities of him in the particular films.
Awards
Won
1959: Certificate of Merit for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Kalyana Parisu
1962: President's Silver Medal for Best Feature Film in Tamil – Nenjil Or Aalayam
Kalaimamani Award from State Sangeeth Natak Academy.
Filmfare Award for Best Story for Nazrana (1961).
Tamil Nadu State Film Honorary Award – Arignar Anna Award in 1997
Nominated
Filmfare Award for Best Director for Dil Ek Mandir (1963)
Filmfare Award for Best Story for Dil Ek Mandir (1963)
Filmfare Award South for Best Director - Tamil for Urimai Kural (1975)
Filmfare Award South for Best Director - Tamil for Ilamai Oonjal Aadukirathu (1979)
Filmfare Award South for Best Director - Tamil for Oru Odai Nadhiyagirathu (1984)
References
External links
C. V. Sridhar's Sterling Face of Romance
2008 deaths
Film directors from Tamil Nadu
Tamil film directors
1933 births
Filmfare Awards winners
People from Kanchipuram district
20th-century Indian film directors
Telugu film directors
Telugu screenwriters
Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Indian screenwriters |
4012990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jalalpuram | Jalalpuram | Jalapuram is a village in the Guntur district of the Indian state of Andhra Pradesh. It is located in Pedakurapadu mandal of Guntur revenue division.
Government and politics
Jalalpuram gram panchayat is the local self-government of the village. It is divided into wards and each ward is represented by a ward member. The ward members are headed by a Sarpanch. The village forms a part of Andhra Pradesh Capital Region and is under the jurisdiction of APCRDA.
Education
As per the school information report for the academic year 2018–19, the village has a total of one Mandal Parishad school.
See also
List of villages in Guntur district
References
Villages in Guntur district |
4012993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sabatier | Sabatier | Sabatier is the maker's mark used by several kitchen knife manufacturers—by itself it is not a registered brand name. The name Sabatier is considered to imply a high-quality knife produced by one of a number of manufacturers in the Thiers region of France using a full forging process; the knives of some of these manufacturers are highly regarded. However, the name "Sabatier" came into use before intellectual property laws and is not protected; knives legally bearing the name range from high-quality knives made in France to cheap mass-produced products of poor quality from France and other countries; a registered logo or full name, or both, such as "65 Sabatier Perrier", is necessary to establish origin and quality.
History
The name originated in Thiers, France at the beginning of the 19th century. The area of Thiers has been associated with the cutlery industry since the 15th century. With the advent of the industrial age manufacturers began to consolidate their crafts or trades by creating brand or trade marks.
In the early 19th century, two separate families began using the name Sabatier to market their knives: Jean Sabatier of Le Moutier (lower Thiers) and Philippe Sabatier of Bellevue (upper Thiers). The families are not known to be related except by name and craft. There is a dispute over who registered the trademark first, with each citing evidence. The Sabatiers of Le Moutier company survived in many incarnations until the brand was bought out by Cuisinox in 1979. The only surviving family is the Sabatiers of Bellevue, which is still at the same address and still owned by the descendants of the original founder, Philippe Sabatier. It continues to make the knives under the corporate name ETS Sabatier Aîné & Perrier.
Manufacturing process
Among the many Sabatier manufacturers in Thiers, France, most provide high quality cutlery using traditional forging techniques that were developed in the area in the early and mid-19th century. Most of these manufacturers use a "fully forged" technique and a hand shaping and sharpening process using local skilled labour.
Fully forged means that three of the four knife parts (blade, bolster, tang and handle) are forged from a single piece of steel. In this process, a single cylinder shaped steel billet is heated where the bolster will be, and squeezed from the ends to create a bulge. The entire piece is heated again and forged to the shape of the blade, bolster, and tang using forging dies in one operation. Afterward, a clipping tool is used to cut the forged piece to the rough shape of the knife. Finally, the handles are riveted on, and the final shaping and sharpening is done by hand. The alternative way to manufacture knives is stamping; forging has traditionally been considered superior, but from the late 20th century some knives of excellent quality have been produced by stamping.
Brand names
The use of the Sabatier name is an anomaly of "branding" because the name was used by many different companies before intellectual property or trademark laws were fully established in France. In order to distinguish between the various makers of Sabatier knives, manufacturers are required to include a second word or symbol along with "Sabatier". Over the years many marks have been registered. In 1979, after the sale of the Moutier Sabatier brands to Cuisinox, the various holders of the brands formed an association to protect the brand name.
SABATIER frères
K SABATIER
SABATIER PERRIER
65 SABATIER
62 SABATIER
France SABATIER Jeune K Garanti
SABATIER Jeune Garanti with a bunch of grapes
SABATIER Acier Fondu Garanti with a bunch of grapes
France SABATIER Acier Fondu couronne K Garanti
Véritable SABATIER France
Professional SABATIER
SABATIER Professional
V SABATIER France
V SABATIER Acier Fondu Garanti
V SABATIER Extra Fin
SABATIER 689 Couronné
SABATIER Couronné
SABATIER 589 Couronné
SABATIER Trompette
SABATIER Deg
SABATIER****
SabatieR
SABATIER Trumpet France
Sarry SABATIER
Le vrai SABATIER
Le seul SABATIER
L’unique SABATIER 1ère qualité
SABATIER with a stylised slicing disk
SABATIER Lion
SABATIER Diamant
SABATIER Elephant
While there are many knife manufacturers using Sabatier as their brand, some Sabatier manufacturers are considered authentic, and some are not. Generally speaking, among connoisseurs of fine cutlery, only knives manufactured in Thiers from well-established manufacturers from the 19th century are considered "genuine" Sabatier knives.
Many other manufacturers, both in France and elsewhere, use the Sabatier name on their knives; however, they are usually mass-produced, and of poor quality. Neither words such as vrai or garanti, nor "Made in France", ensure a good knife.
Companies selling Sabatier knives
Sabatier brands have been sold by many companies over the years. The following list is an attempt to link the present day owners to the brands.
ETS Sabatier Aîné & Perrier - Sabatier Aîné & Perrier claims to be the oldest Sabatier knife maker still in existence and operated by the descendants of Phillipe Sabatier of Bellevue, Thiers, France. The brand has been based in Thiers, the French cutlery trade capital, since the early 19th century. They have operated for more than 200 years and have sold under the brand name Sabatier-k since 1834, to distinguish themselves from the Sabatier of Le Moutier. The first references to the mark "K" can be found in the town archives, engraved on the Silver Tablet of Cutlers, dated 7 June 1813 under number 231. Eight generations of the Sabatier family of Bellevue have been involved in the business.
Thiers Issard Sabatier - Thiers Issard Sabatier have manufactured the Sabatier Elephant knives in Thiers since 1958.
Therias et L'Econome - Therias et L'Econome claim to have been manufacturing knives in Thiers since 1819. They sell Sabatier knives under the brand L'Unique Sabatier as well as Mexeur & Cie.
Rousselon Frères - Owners of the Mexeur Lion Sabatier make of knives since 1991, manufactured in Thiers. They claim the make was officially registered in 1812.
Sabatier Diamant - Manufacture the Sabatier Diamant brand in Thiers.
Amefa Couzon Cuisinox and Richardson Sheffield - In December 2005 Dutch company Amefa bought France's second-largest cutlery company Couzon, the owner of Cuisinox. In 2007 Amefa purchased the British knife maker Richardson Sheffield. They own the Sabatier Trompette (trumpet) and V Sabatier ranges.
References
External links
Sabatier K Knives website
The Sabatier Brand
Kitchenware brands
Knife manufacturing companies
Kitchen knife brands |
4012996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajasthan%20Patrika | Rajasthan Patrika | Rajasthan Patrika is an Indian Hindi-language daily newspaper. It was founded by Karpoor Chandra Kulish in 1956 and published as Rajasthan Patrika in Delhi and Rajasthan, and as Patrika in 9 other states.
As per Indian Readership Survey 2013, Rajasthan Patrika emerged as the fourth most-read Hindi language newspaper in India, and Patrika emerged sixth.
History
Rajasthan Patrika was founded by Karpoor Chandra Kulish on 7 March 1956. Mr. Karpoor Chand Kulish is follower of Jain religion. Over the years, it became a leading national daily.
Editions
Rajasthan Patrika prints editions in New Delhi and the seven cities of Chhattisgarh (in Bilaspur, Jagdalpur and Raipur), Gujarat (in Ahmedabad and Surat), Karnataka (in Bangalore and Hubli), Madhya Pradesh (under the shorter name of Patrika in Bhopal, Gwalior, Indore, Jabalpur, Ujjain and eight other cities), Rajasthan in (Jaipur, Jodhpur, Kota, Gangapur City and 13 other cities) and in Tamil Nadu (at Chennai and Coimbatore).
Early in 2015, Rajasthan Patrika announced a Delhi-based English news website, called Catch News under the aegis of senior journalist and editor Shoma Chaudhry.Rajasthan Patrika also publish two bimonthly Hindi language child magazines — "Balhans" and "Chotu-Motu".
Criticism
Patrika has been criticised for non-implementation of Majithia Wage Board's recommendations for hiking wages of employees of newspapers, several cases have been lodged in various high courts of states in India and even in Supreme Court of India.
Social awareness activities
Amritam Jalam: The campaign focuses on saving water through restoration and renovation of neglected and derelict water bodies.
Awards given by Patrika
Karpoor Chandra Kulish International Journalism Award
In 2007, Rajasthan Patrika instituted the Karpoor Chandra Kulish International Journalism Award in the memory of Karpoor Chand Kulish, the founder editor. This annual international award carries prize money of US$11,000 and a trophy. The award is aimed at recognizing efforts of thought leaders in media, journalist's outstanding contributions to upholding professional values as well as protecting and promoting ethics and morality, right and freedom of the people for better quality of life. Dawn Pakistan and Hindustan Times Delhi were jointly given the inaugural award in New Delhi on 12 March 2008.
Concerned Communicator Award
As a part of its CSR initiatives and social partnering for a better world, Rajasthan Patrika instituted the Concerned Communicator Award in 1997. The winner is awarded a cash prize of US$11,000 and a certificate.
Achievements
India's First News site on IDN domain पत्रिका.भारत
Notable columnist
S. Gurumurthy
Feroze Varun Gandhi
See also
The Hindu
List of newspapers in India by circulation
List of newspapers in the world by circulation
References
External links
Mass media in Rajasthan
Hindi-language newspapers
Publications established in 1956
Newspapers published in Delhi
Newspapers published in Kolkata
Newspapers published in Chennai
Newspapers published in Bangalore
1956 establishments in Rajasthan
Newspapers owned by Patrika Group |
4013009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rumble%20Strips | Rumble Strips | Rumble Strips may refer to:
Rumble strip, the road safety feature
The Rumble Strips, the British band |
4013010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnston%2C%20Merseyside | Barnston, Merseyside | Barnston is a village on the Wirral Peninsula, in the county of Merseyside, England, situated to the north east of Heswall. Administratively, the village is in the Pensby & Thingwall Ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral and the parliamentary constituency of Wirral West. At the 2001 Census, Barnston had a population of 3,620 (1,700 males, 1,920 females) At the 2011 Census, the population was 947 (501 males, 441 females).
History
Barnston is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Bernestone and comprised two mills, a manor house and a hospital.
Formerly a township in Woodchurch Parish, Wirral Hundred. Barnston's population was 129 in 1801, 239 in 1851, 522 in 1901 and 832 in 1951.
On 24 March 1962, The Beatles performed at the Barnston Women's Institute. It is noted that this was the first time that Brian Epstein put The Beatles into suits for their performances. John Lennon regarded this as the first, and perhaps the ultimate, sellout of their career. The Beatles played here again on Saturday 30 June and Tuesday 25 September 1962.
On 1 April 1974, local government reorganisation in England and Wales resulted in most of Wirral, including Barnston, being transferred from the county of Cheshire to Merseyside.
Geography
Barnston is in the central part of the Wirral Peninsula, approximately south-south-east of the Irish Sea at Meols, about east-north-east of the Dee Estuary at Heswall and west-south-west of the River Mersey at New Ferry. Barnston is situated between Poll Hill in Heswall and Storeton Hill, with the village at an elevation of around above sea level.
Community
Village landmarks include Christchurch parish church, which was opened in 1871, a primary school and the Fox & Hounds public house.
The Barnstondale Centre, originally Scott's Field and known locally as 'The Camp', is set on a site which includes woodland. It is an all-weather activity centre and charitable trust.
Transport
Rail
Heswall railway station on the Borderlands Line is located approximately from Barnston and provides services between Wrexham and Bidston.
People
E. Chambré Hardman, Irish photographer, lived in Barnston.
Septimus Francom, English athlete, died in Barnston.
Leslie Williams, English Anglican priest, incumbent in Barnston.
See also
Listed buildings in Heswall
References
Bibliography
External links
Barnston Village
Barnstondale Centre
Towns and villages in the Metropolitan Borough of Wirral |
4013020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Molung | Molung | Molung, or Molungyimsen, or New Molung is an Ao village located in the Jangpetkong range in Mokokchung District. It was formed on 24 October 1876 and from here the seeds of Christianity and Church that was first planted at Molungkimong (Deka Haimong) on 22 December 1872 by Dr. Edward Winter Clark, which later shifted to New Molung, further progressed to other parts of Nagaland. An ancient leechi tree, planted by Dr. E. W. Clark in 1878, the first American Missionary to the erstwhile Naga Hills, is found here. It bears fruits even today and is over 140 years old.
Mongsenyimti and Langpangkong are the nearby important tourist places.
External links
Ao villages
Villages in Mokokchung district |
4013023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20Neelakantan | P. Neelakantan | Palaniyaandi Neelakantan (2 October 1916 – 3 September 1992) was a Tamil film director, who was active for nearly four decades. He was born at Villupuram, Tamil Nadu. He graduated to movies from stage play. His play Naam Iruvar was brought by movie mogul Avichi Meiyappa Chettiar and made into a film in 1947. Then he wrote the dialogues for films like Vedala Ulagam in 1948. His directorial debut was with Oru Iravu in (1951), the dialogue for which was written by C. N. Annadurai. Two films that made him well-known are ALS productions Ambikapadi (1957) and Thirudadhe (1961). He also has directed movies in Kannada and Sinhalese Suneetha and Sujage Rahase. Neelakantan was mainly associated with creating M. G. Ramachandran's (MGR) movie persona. Between Chakravarthi Thirumagal in 1957 and Needhikku Thalaivanangu in 1976, Neelakantan directed altogether 17 of MGR's movies.
Filmography
References
External links
Biography of P. Neelakantan
Directors Part I
1916 births
1992 deaths
Indian film directors
Tamil-language film directors
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
20th-century Indian film directors
Kannada film directors
People from Viluppuram district
Film directors from Tamil Nadu
Screenwriters from Tamil Nadu
Tamil scholars
20th-century Indian screenwriters |
4013030 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahar | Sahar | Sahar may refer to:
People
Sahar (name), Arabic feminine name or Hebrew unisex name
Sahar (singer), Iranian singer, musician and dancer.
Sahar Aslam, former Scottish international cricketer.
Sahar Ansari, Urdu poet and linguist from Karachi Pakistan.
Sahar Baassiri, Ambassador, Permanent Representative of Lebanon to UNESCO in Paris.
Sahar Biniaz, Canadian actress, model and beauty queen.
Ben Sahar, Israeli footballer
Places
Sahar, Bihar, town and block in Bhojpur district, Bihar
Sahar Village, Mumbai
Sahar, another name for Chhatrapati Shivaji International Airport
Sahar Elevated Access Road, a road in India
See also
Sahara (disambiguation) |
4013033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahira | Zahira | Zahira may refer to:
Zahira El Ghabi, Moroccan FIDE master (2005)
Zahira Zahir, American barber and cosmetologist
Zahira Kazim, the main character of the 2016 film A Wedding (Noces)
See also
Zahira College (disambiguation) |
4013034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Team%20One | Team One | Team One is a comic book team from DC Comics/Wildstorm.
It was published as two separate but intertwined two-issue mini-series, each focusing on different members of the same team and showing events from their different perspectives. Team One: WildC.A.T.s focused on members who were involved with the WildC.A.T.s series, while Team One: Stormwatch focused on members who were involved with the Stormwatch series.
History
Team One was formed in the 1960s through the secret efforts of Lord Emp, then called Saul Baxter. For nearly 50 years, Daemonite activity had been non-existent, but a sudden flurry of attacks aimed at U.S. military bases worried Baxter that a new offensive was coming. Using his influence within the military-industrial complex, he arranged for the formation of a team to handle the oncoming threat. Enter Miles Craven. As head of the newly formed International Operations, he was chosen to act as the visible head of the team; Baxter's true level of involvement was to remain a secret.
Through a combination of Baxter's influence and contacts among the Kherubim and Craven's involvement with a number of secret military projects, the team was created and dubbed Team One.
On their first mission, the group was mobilized to deal with the takeover of a nuclear missile silo by the combined forces of the superpowered crime lord "Slaughterhouse" Smith and Helspont. The personnel of the silo were all swiftly killed. The duo had intended to hold the country for ransom, threatening to launch the missiles if they weren't paid on time. Trouble arises when Smith realizes that Helspont really intends to destroy New York, which Smith has a weak spot for. Helspont double-crosses him anyway.
Team One arrives and battles the enemy. Further trouble ensues when one of the team loses their nerve and freezes up in the midst of battle.
While the exact details of the battle's climax aren't known, the outcome is. Regiment died when the missile he was holding onto exploded and John Colt asks Majestic to kill him since he feared that his dark side could emerge. Majestic began his apparent sabbatical at the North Pole, Mason was later killed by the villain Kenyan (an enemy of Saul Baxter/Jacob Marlowe) and Team One was disbanded.
Members
Mr. Majestic
Saul Baxter (Lord Emp)
Marc Slayton (Backlash)
John Colt (Spartan)
Lucy Blaize (Zealot)
Think Tank (Henry Bendix)
Isaiah King (Despot)
Mason
Regiment
1995 comics debuts
WildStorm superhero teams
WildStorm limited series |
4013039 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bird%20Blobs | Bird Blobs | Bird Blobs were a garage rock/post punk musical group from Melbourne, Australia. They formed in 2000 with Tim Evans and Ian Wadley as the core and only continuous members of the group. The first self-titled recording was performed with Evans on drums, with Wadley and Evans overdubbing the other instruments. Subsequently, this recording was disowned by the band. Duncan Haigh joined briefly as a live drummer but was eventually replaced by Tom Egg as the band's first permanent drummer. The lineup was filled out by the inclusion of Karl Scullin on bass. With this lineup, the Bird Blobs recorded an unreleased album in 2002, and then released their debut "official" album Stihl Life in April 2003. The album was recorded by Simon Grounds (Rocket Science, Venom P. Stinger) at Sublime Studios in Melbourne. The rhythm section was subsequently replaced, and the final lineup included Evans, Wadley, bassist Jordan Redaelli and drummer Steve Masterson. With this lineup they recorded the second self-titled full-length album, which was released in September 2004. The album was recorded at Woodstock Studios in Melbourne with US engineer Casey Rice (Tortoise, Liz Phair), and later mixed by Simon Grounds. Both their albums were released through the independent Tasmanian label Unstable Ape. Their second self-titled album was also released on UK independent label, Sounds of Sweet Nothing.
The band have toured the United States, the UK and Europe, including playing the All Tomorrow's Parties music festival in December 2004. In 2005 the band supported Nine Inch Nails on the Australian leg of their Live: With Teeth Tour. The band appeared on numerous compilations, with their song "Billy" featured on the compilation CD Mojo Beyond Punk, attached to the February 2005 edition of Mojo magazine and in 2006 the Bird Blobs song, "Inbred Disco", was used in the soundtrack for the Australian film Suburban Mayhem. Bird Blobs dissolved whilst on tour, and have not publicly expressed any intentions of reforming, with Evans relocating to New York City.
Bird Blobs re-formed to play three shows in Melbourne in March 2014. The lineup was Evans, Wadley, Masterson and King.
Members
Tim Evans — vocals, guitar (2000–2006)
Ian Wadley — guitar (2000–2006)
Nigel King — bass (2003)
Steve Masterson — drums (2003–2006)
Jordan Redaelli — bass (2003–2006)
Tom Egg — drums (2001–2003)
Karl Scullen — bass (2001–2003)
Duncan Haigh — drums (2000–2001)
Discography
Bird Blobs — Independent (2001)
Stihl Life — Unstable Ape (UAR026) (4 April 2003)
Bird Blobs — Unstable Ape (UAR036) (6 September 2004)
References
External links
Bird Blobs website
Biography on Larinerg
Musical groups established in 2000
Musical groups disestablished in 2006
Musical groups from Melbourne |
4013040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langpangkong%20Range | Langpangkong Range | The Langpangkong Range is a mountain range in Nagaland, India. It one of the six major mountain ranges inhabited by the Ao people. It is located between the valleys of the Dikhu and Milak rivers in the Mokokchung District.
An Ahom king who escaped from his capital (the present-day Sibsagar in Assam) due to court intrigues and rivalries, is believed to have taken refuge here. The cave where he apparently took shelter still remains in the area.
Tuli town and Changtongya are the important towns of this range. National Highway 61 runs all along the top of the range.
References
Mountain ranges of India
Landforms of Nagaland |
4013045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydroxy%20acid | Hydroxy acid | Hydroxy acid is a chemical from the following groups:
Alpha hydroxy acid, with hydroxyl group attached to the carbon atom next to the carboxyl group. The carbon atom has number 2, and the names of the chemicals start with "2-hydroxy".
Beta hydroxy acid, with hydroxyl group attached to the second carbon atom when counting from the carboxyl group. The carbon atom has number 3, and the names of the chemicals start with "3-hydroxy".
Omega hydroxy acid, with hydroxyl group attached to the carbon atom most distant from the carboxyl group.
The name "hydroxy acid" can also be used to describe other similar compounds.
Ar:حمض هيدروكسي |
4013046 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jagirpally | Jagirpally | Jagirpally is a village in the Karimnagar District of Telangana, India. Coming under Saidapur Mandal, it is situated near the famous temple village Godisaala. During the Kakatiya dynasty, one of the Kakatiya senaani (army chiefs) built the Shiva temple here. This temple came into the light during some archaeological excavations and the people believed that this temple is more famous than the Vemulavaada temple (which now has a famous Shiva temple).
Jagirpally is also near to Vangara, which is the hometown of the former Prime Minister of India, P.V. Narasimha Rao.
History
It is believed that some land was given to a person by the rulers, called the Jaageer. It was part of Saidapur Gram Panchayit's ward. Entire village received one ward but no political importance until the early 1990s. After the number of voters reached almost 1,000, the government elected separate Sarpanch elections to the village.
Other Information
Agriculture in this village is 100% based on the rain water, wells and under the lakes. Between 1990 and the early 2000s, there was a severe drought resulting in many people migrating to Hyderabad. Some, however, went to Dubai and worked in very bad conditions. There was no bank until the early 2010s in the village as people were not used to getting loans for crops.
References
Villages in Karimnagar district |
4013052 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecil%20de%20Cardonnel%2C%202nd%20Baroness%20Dynevor | Cecil de Cardonnel, 2nd Baroness Dynevor | Cecil de Cardonnel, 2nd Baroness Dynevor (July 1735 – 14 March 1793) was a Welsh peeress.
She was the daughter of William Talbot, 1st Earl Talbot. Her mother was the daughter and heir of Adam de Cardonnel, British Secretary of War. Under the special remainder in the creation of the barony for her father, she and her heirs male were entitled to inherit the Barony of Dynevor. He father was also the 1st Earl Talbot (a title that became extinct on his death) and 2nd Baron Talbot of Hensol. That title was inherited by Lady Dynevor's cousin, John Chetwynd-Talbot.
On 16 August 1756 she married George Rice. Rice was a Member of Parliament for county Carmarthenshire between 1754 and 1779 and Lord Lieutenant of Carmarthen from 1755 to 1779. Rice died on 3 August 1779. The widowed Lady Dinevor, took, by royal licence, the surname of de Cardonnel from 21 May 1787.
She succeeded to the title in 1782, upon the death of her father. She died on 14 March 1793, at Dynevor Castle, aged 57.
The title passed to her elder son, George Talbot-Rice who become the 3rd Baron Dynevor, resuming his paternal surname of Rice in 1827.
1735 births
1793 deaths
02
Dynevor, Cecil de Cardonnel, 2nd Baroness
Dynevor, Cecil de Cardonnel, 2nd Baroness
Cecil |
4013055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willem%20Hesselink | Willem Hesselink | Willem Frederik Hesselink (8 February 1878 – 1 December 1973) was a Dutch football player and one of the founders of local club Vitesse Arnhem in 1892. He was known for his blue woolen cap, which he seemed to wear day and night, and was nicknamed the Cannon, although he was also referred to as the Doctor because of his doctorate in chemistry.
Career
In 1890, Hesselink had been part of an attempt to get a cricket club off the ground in Arnhem and two years later he was one of the founders of Vitesse Arnhem. Cricket was the initial activity of choice but football took over quickly and Hesselink was soon the star of the team. Hesselink also excelled in athletics, holding several national records including the long jump. A team made up of him and his brothers became national champions in tug of war.
In 1899, he made the move to HVV and won two times the national championship.
In 1903, Hesselink moved to Munich to study Philosophy and Chemistry and joined FC Bayern Munich. Hesselink became Bayern's first international star. In three years he would grow out to be their star player, manager and chairman. Despite playing for FC Bayern Munich, during the years 1902-1905, he would still regularly play games for Vitesse Arnhem. In January 1906 Hesselink left Munich, leaving a club that had grown considerably in his time at the helm in the hands of Kurt Müller, and returned to the Netherlands. Hesselink continued his footballing career, rejoining Vitesse Arnhem and later becoming treasurer and president.
International career
In 1905 he started in the first ever home match of the Netherlands national football team, a 4-0 victory against Belgium. Some historians attribute one of the goals scored to him.
Personal life
Over the years he built up a colourful curriculum vitae including doctorates in chemistry and philosophy, becoming director of the Keuringsdienst van Waren, being expert witness in several murder trials, founding a laboratory, and writing several health books.
His thesis on the secrets of Port wine made on the banks of the Douro has proved to stand the tests of time and is still quoted regularly.
He died in December 1973 aged 95.
References
1878 births
1973 deaths
Dutch footballers
Dutch expatriate footballers
Dutch football chairmen and investors
Netherlands international footballers
FC Bayern Munich board members
FC Bayern Munich managers
FC Bayern Munich footballers
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Germany
SBV Vitesse players
Sportspeople from Arnhem
Dutch expatriate football managers
Dutch football managers
Expatriate football managers in Germany
Association football forwards |
4013057 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pauline%20Smith | Pauline Smith | Pauline Janet Smith (2 April 1882 – 29 January 1959) was a South African novelist, short story writer, memoirist and playwright.
Life
Pauline Smith was born on 2 April 1882 in Oudtshoorn, South Africa, and grew up in the Little Karoo. She was the elder of two daughters born to Herbert Urmson Smith, an English doctor, and his Scottish wife Jessie, from Aberdeen. At the age of thirteen she was sent to boarding school in Scotland. Smith never lived permanently in South Africa again, though throughout her life she made a number of extended visits to the country. Her extended visit of 1913–1914, and the journal that she kept, formed the basis of many stories of The Little Karoo and her novel The Beadle.
In 1908 she met the English novelist Arnold Bennett, who encouraged her to write fiction about South Africa. Eventually she published the two works for which she is best known: the story collection The Little Karoo (1925), and the novel The Beadle (1926).
Smith was also a friend of Frank Swinnerton.
She died on 29 January 1959 in Dorset, England. A collection of her papers are held at the University of Cape Town.
Works
The Little Karoo. London : Jonathan Cape, 1925. With an introduction by Arnold Bennett.
The Beadle. New York: Doran, 1927.
A.B.: "... a minor marginal note". London: Jonathan Cape, 1933.
Platkops Children. London, England: Cape, 1935.
Hold Yourself Dear New York: J. Messner, 1965.
References
Further reading
1882 births
1959 deaths
20th-century South African novelists
20th-century South African women writers
20th-century short story writers
People from Oudtshoorn
South African women novelists
South African women short story writers
South African short story writers
South African people of English descent
South African people of Scottish descent
Women memoirists |
4013064 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20to%20Mystery%20City | Back to Mystery City | Back to Mystery City is the fourth studio album by the Finnish rock band Hanoi Rocks, released in 1983. It was produced by ex-Mott the Hoople members Dale Griffin and Pete "Overend" Watts, and was the first with Razzle on drums. Besides Hanoi Rocks, the album also features keyboardist Morgan Fisher, and Miriam Stockley on backing vocals, who had also sung with Pink Floyd.
Song information
"Strange Boys Play Weird Openings"
An acoustic intro that Andy McCoy came-up with in the studio.
"Malibu Beach Nightmare"
McCoy wrote song at home while smoking hashish. The song was originally recorded in 1981 as a calypso version titled "Malibu Nightmare". This version was just made as a joke but it was re-recorded for this album, as a more serious rock song. The song was also released as a single.
"Mental Beat"
The song is about speed, and was inspired by Michael Monroe's wild behavior as a child. This was also the only song that (according to Pete Watts) drummer Razzle had a hard time recording.
"Tooting Bec Wreck"
This song was inspired by a London apartment full of rats, in Tooting Bec, where Hanoi Rocks lived.
"Until I Get You"
Andy McCoy wrote this song at the band's manager Seppo Vesterinen's house in Helsinki. McCoy hated the song but Razzle loved it, and wanted it on their next record. Ultimately, McCoy also fell in love with the song. The song is also a great example of Hanoi Rocks' melodic glam rock-style. Also, the arrangement for the song was inspired by Alice Cooper's "I'm Eighteen". L.A. Guns covered the song on their 2004 album Rips the Covers Off.
"Sailing Down the Tears"
Written in 10 minutes, but the band still loved the song. The song was written as a mid-tempo, standard 70's rock-, pop-song.
"Lick Summer Love"
This song sparked some controversy when it was released. McCoy wrote the song when he was 17 years old. The song deals with making love and having oral sex with his girlfriend. Monroe has since said that he thinks the song is an "awful slime-ball", and that he hated the lyrics.
"Beating Gets Faster"
A love-song written by Monroe and McCoy.
"Ice Cream Summer"
A song dealing with a summer romance.
"Back to Mystery City"
At the time of its release, the song was very popular, but it has since been overshadowed by the many other Hanoi Rocks' hits. Andy McCoy wrote the song about Hanoi Rocks' adventures in the Far-East, the band's fans and the buzz that was also surrounding the band in 1983. The song is also composed in the same style as Tommy James and the Shondells' song "Mony Mony". The song's title was inspired by the London club Mystery City.
Critical reception
In a contemporary review for The Village Voice, music critic Robert Christgau said that Monroe and McCoy lack hooks, are backed by "cute if over-calculated" dual guitar playing, and "yowl English-language lyrics that must impress Finns more than native speakers like myself."
In 2005, Back to Mystery City was ranked number 293 in Rock Hard magazine's book The 500 Greatest Rock & Metal Albums of All Time.
Back to Mystery City is also featured in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die.
Track listing
Personnel
Hanoi Rocks
Michael Monroe – lead vocals, saxophone, harmonica
Andy McCoy – lead guitar
Nasty Suicide – rhythm guitar
Sam Yaffa – bass
Razzle – drums
Additional personnel
Morgan Fisher – keyboards
Miriam Stockley – backing vocals
Production
Production personnel
Producers: Dale Griffin and Pete "Overend" Watts
Engineer: Andy Lyden
Arrangers: Michael Monroe and Andy McCoy
Other personnel
Cover photo: Fin Costello
Layout: Hilary Goodwright
Remastering personnel
Digitally remastered: Mika Jussila
Reissue sleeve and booklet: Jari Mattila
Chart positions
Album
Singles
References
Hanoi Rocks albums
1983 albums |
4013068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shahzad | Shahzad | Shahzad () or Shehzad is a given name and surname. The name is made from شاه (Shah, "king"), and زاد (Zad, "son of"), so the name means "son of the king".
Notable persons with the name include:
Surname:
Ahmed Shehzad, Pakistani cricketer
Ajmal Shahzad (born 1985), an English cricketer
Faisal Shahzad (born 1979), Pakistani-American convicted in 2010 Times Square bomb attempt
Khurram Shahzad, Pakistani weightlifter
Mohammad Shahzad (born 1991), Afghan cricketer
Rameez Shahzad (born 1987), United Arab Emirati cricketer
Syed Saleem Shahzad, Pakistani journalist
Given name:
Shehzad Tanweer, British Islamic terrorist and perpetrator of the 7/7 attacks
Shazad Latif, British actor
Shahzad Ukani, Ugandan cricketer.
See also
Shahzade (disambiguation)
Shah
Şehzade
Persian-language surnames
Persian masculine given names |
4013082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Bosco%20Institute%20of%20Technology%2C%20Mumbai | Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai | Don Bosco Institute of Technology is a private engineering college situated at Kurla (West), Mumbai affiliated with the University of Mumbai. It has been granted a "Religious Minority" status (Roman Catholics).
History
In 2005, the college was ranked 84 in the list of top technical colleges in India in a Dataquest-IDC-NASSCOM Survey.
Degree programs
The college, under the University of Mumbai, offers bachelor's degrees in engineering in the following programs:
Mechanical engineering - 120 seats
Electronics and telecommunications engineering - 60 seats
Computer engineering - 60 seats
Information technology - 60 seats
The program is divided into 8 semesters spread over 4 years. Granted a religious minority quota, 51% of all seats are reserved for Roman Catholics.
Extracurricular activities and festivals
The College has an annual inter-college technical festival organized by the student committee which is called "Colosseum". The college has started "Hysteria" from 2016 onwards, which is the cultural and sports mega fest for all the institutions that come under DBCL. At the end of even semester, each year the final year students have 'Innovex' where they showcase their final year projects.
The college also organizes Teknack, a 2-day inter-collegiate online technical festival. It started off as a intra college online festival, and is organised every year in the month of February.
See also
Don Bosco College of Engineering
References
Salesian schools
Educational institutions established in 2001
Engineering colleges in Mumbai
Affiliates of the University of Mumbai
All India Council for Technical Education
Catholic universities and colleges in India
2001 establishments in Maharashtra |
4013083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Bosco%20Institute%20of%20Technology | Don Bosco Institute of Technology | Don Bosco Institute of Technology is the name of various technical institutions across the world:
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Mumbai
Don Bosco Institute of Technology, Bangalore
See also
Don Bosco Technical Institute
Don Bosco School (disambiguation) |
4013084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dainik%20Bhaskar | Dainik Bhaskar | Dainik Bhaskar is an Indian Hindi-language daily newspaper owned by the Dainik Bhaskar Group. According to Audit Bureau of Circulations, it is ranked 4th in the world by circulation and is the largest newspaper in India by circulation. Started in Bhopal in 1958, it expanded in 1983 with the launch of Dainik Bhaskar's Indore edition. Today, Dainik Bhaskar Group is present in 12 States with 65 editions in Hindi, Marathi and Gujarati.
History
Subah Savere was launched in 1948 to fulfill the need for a Hindi language daily newspaper. It launched under the name Subah Savere in Bhopal and Good Morning India in Gwalior. In 1957, the newspaper was renamed Bhaskar Samachar.
In 1958, the newspaper was renamed Dainik Bhaskar. The word Bhaskar means "the Rising Sun" in English. Along with its rising sun graphic, was meant to represent a bright future.
Expansion
By 1995, Dainik Bhaskar had emerged as the number 1 newspaper in Madhya Pradesh (MP) and was declared the fastest-growing daily in India by a readership survey. The newspaper decided to expand outside MP and identified Jaipur, the capital city of Rajasthan, as the market with the highest potential.
In 1996, Dainik Bhaskar's goal was to enter Jaipur as the No. 2 newspaper (in terms of circulation) on its first day, with 50,000 copies. To achieve this target, an in-house team of 700 surveyors surveyed 200,000 potential newspaper households in Jaipur. Based on survey feedback, they went back to each of the households surveyed to show them a prototype of the newspaper and gave them the option of an advance subscription. The customers were offered a subscription price of ₹1.50 (a discount compared to the newsstand price of ₹2), and a refund in case of dissatisfaction. When Dainik Bhaskar launched in Jaipur on 19 December 1996, it was the No. 1 newspaper by selling 172,347 copies. Amar Ujala, is a Hindi-dialect day by day daily paper distributed in India. It has 19 versions in seven states and one union domain covering 167 regions. It has a course of around two million copies. Rajasthan Patrika, the former leader had a circulation of around 100,000 copies at that time. Dainik Bhaskar successfully adopted a similar model in other cities of Rajasthan, including Jodhpur, Bikaner, Kota, Udaipur, and Ajmer Sikar, becoming the No.1 urban newspaper of the entire state by 1999.
The next target was Chandigarh. It launched a customer survey in January 2000, covering 220,000 households. At that time, the English language newspapers in Chandigarh outsold the Hindi newspapers sixfold, with The Tribune as the leader with a circulation of approximately 50,000 copies. Dainik Bhaskar's survey suggested that residents of Chandigarh preferred English newspapers due to quality perceptions. As a result, the newspaper incorporated the local Chandigarh dialect in the design, mixing Hindi and English. Dainik Bhaskar launched in Chandigarh in May 2000 with 69,000 copies sold making it No.1 in the city.
In June 2000, Dainik Bhaskar entered Haryana, with 271,000 copies.
In 2006, Dainik Bhaskar launched in Punjab with the Amritsar and Jalandhar editions and became the No.1 newspaper on the first day, displacing established legacy players. Later, it increased its presence in Punjab in Ludhiana and Bhatinda.
In 2010, Dainik Bhaskar entered the Jharkhand market with the launch of a Ranchi edition, followed by Jamshedpur and Dhanbad editions.
In January 2014, Dainik Bhaskar entered Bihar with a successful launch in Patna It followed with launch of Muzaffarpur, Bhagalpur and Gaya editions in 2015.
In April 2014, Dainik Bhaskar launched an online Hindi edition in Uttar Pradesh.
In June 2017, Dainik Bhaskar launched its Hindi News on three different platforms i.e. Android, iOS and Windows.
2021 income tax raids
On 22 July 2021, Income Tax Department conducted tax raids at 30 locations of Dainik Bhaskar Group in Delhi, Madhya Pradesh, Rajasthan, Gujarat and Maharashtra under charges of alleged tax evasion The homes of a few of the employees were also raided. In a statement released by Dainik Bhaskar, they claimed that the raids have been done after they exposed mismanagement of COVID by the government and published true COVID-19 death statistics. They also alleged that mobile phones of the employees were seized and employees were barred from leaving.
Congress leader Jairam Ramesh said the media house is “paying the price” for its coverage during the pandemic. "Through its reporting Dainik Bhaskar has exposed the Modi regime’s monumental mismanagement of the COVID-19 pandemic. It is now paying the price. An Undeclared Emergency as Arun Shourie has said — this is a Modified Emergency," he tweeted. Several other leaders including Rajasthan chief minister Ashok Gehlot, Delhi chief minister Arvind Kejriwal, West Bengal chief minister Mamata Banerjee also condemned the incident and expressed the common viewpoint of the raids being a "mode of intimidation". The Editors Guild of India also expressed concern about the income tax raids on Dainik Bhaskar. Union Minister and BJP MP Anurag Thakur has denied any government interference and claimed agencies are doing their job. At last, it was claimed that tax evasion of 700,000,000 INR has taken place over the period of six years.
Editions
Dainik Bhaskar has five editions in Madhya Pradesh, one edition in Uttar Pradesh, four editions in Chhattisgarh, 12 editions in Rajasthan, three editions in Haryana, four editions in Punjab, four editions in Bihar, three editions Jharkhand and one edition each in Chandigarh, Himachal Pradesh, Uttarakhand, Jammu and Kashmir.
References
External links
Hindi-language newspapers
Mass media in Bhopal
Mass media in Rajasthan
Daily newspapers published in India
Newspapers published in Muzaffarpur
Newspapers published in Patna
Newspapers published in Gaya, India
Newspapers published in Bhagalpur
Publications established in 1958
Mass media in Ujjain
Mass media in Indore
Newspapers published in Aurangabad, Bihar
1958 establishments in Madhya Pradesh
Indian news websites |
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