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4019237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Cavendish | Elizabeth Cavendish | Elizabeth Cavendish may refer to:
Elizabeth Cavendish, later Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox
Bess of Hardwick (1527–1608), Elizabethan courtier, married to Sir William Cavendish
Elizabeth Cavendish, Duchess of Devonshire (1759–1824), wife of the fifth Duke of Devonshire
Elizabeth Cavendish (lawyer), executive director of Appleseed Foundation
Elizabeth Egerton (1626–1663), née Cavendish, writer
Elizabeth Cavendish, Countess of Devonshire (1619–1689)
Lady Elizabeth Cavendish (1926–2018) courtier |
4019240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimi | Minimi | Minimi can refer to:
FN Minimi, a belt-fed light machine gun
Minims (religious order), a religious order known as the Minimi (Minims, Order of the Minims)
Abductor digiti minimi muscle of hand, a muscle in the hand
Abductor digiti minimi muscle of foot, a muscle in the foot
See also
Minim (disambiguation)
Minime (disambiguation) |
4019242 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Marines%20Band%20Service | Royal Marines Band Service | The Royal Marines Band Service is the musical wing of the Royal Navy and an independent element of the Royal Marines. It currently consists of five bands plus a training wing – the Royal Marines School of Music at HMS Nelson – and its headquarters is at , Whale Island, Portsmouth.
History
The development of music in the Royal Marines is inextricably linked with the evolution of British military bands. Lively airs and the beat of the drum enabled columns of marching men to keep a regular step. The drum was the normal method of giving signals on the battlefield or in camp. As long ago as the days of Drake and Hawkins the drummer's rhythm would advertise the changing watches or beat the men to quarters. Royal Marine Drummers were first mentioned in the 1664 Convening Order, at the formation of Corps and so pride themselves as being the oldest Branch in the Corps.
Without doubt, groups of musicians existed in the Service before 1767, when Royal Marines Divisional Bands were formed at the naval dockyard-bases of Chatham, Plymouth and Portsmouth and the naval gathering-point of Deal in the Downs, and Marine bands (along with professional bands paid for by captains) plus their respective corps of drums provided music on board ships before and during battles of the Napoleonic Wars (e.g. during the long sail into action at the Battle of Trafalgar). The modern history of the Service, though, begins late in the 19th century, when the task of forming a Royal Naval School of Music to provide Bands for the Royal Navy was assigned to the Marines, with the school being founded in 1903. From then on the Band Service became an integral part of the Corps. Its original home was Eastney Barracks, Portsmouth; where it remained until 1930 when it was transferred to the Royal Marine Depot, Deal.
Second World War
By the end of the Second World War, 225 musicians and buglers had been killed in action, which was a quarter of their strength at the time, and the highest percentage of any branch of any service, after Bomber Command. After the outbreak of the Second World War, the service moved to Malvern, then divided with the Junior Wing moving to the Isle of Man and the Senior Wing to Scarborough.
Post Second World War
The bands reunited at Burford in 1946 and finally returning to Deal in 1950. The amalgamation of the Divisional Bands with the Royal Naval School of Music to form today's Royal Marines Band Service, also took place in 1950 when the headquarters and training establishment were renamed the Royal Marines School of Music.
The Band Service are notable for performing the theme music from Gerry Anderson's successful 1965 TV series Thunderbirds, in the final scene from his 1966 film Thunderbirds Are Go. The band performed the music on the parade ground of the Royal Marines Depot, Deal, where they marched under the leadership of their Senior Drum Major Charles H. Bowden. This sequence was synchronized with the end credits of the film, with the very last scene of this shot (and indeed, the whole film) showing the band standing in a large representation of the words 'THE END'.
Deal bombing
At approximately 8.20 am on 22 September 1989, the Royal Marines School of Music at the Royal Marine Depot, Deal was bombed by the IRA; this resulted in the death of eleven Royal Marines Musicians - Musn Mick Ball, B/Cpl John (Andy) Cleatheroe, B/Cpl Trevor Davis, Musn Richard Fice, Musn Richard (Taff) Jones, B/Cpl Dave McMillan, Musn Chris Nolan, B/Cpl Dean Pavey, Musn Mark Petch, Musn Tim Reeves and Musn Bob Simmonds plus the injury of 22 other Royal Marine Band Service members. A memorial garden is now situated in the grounds of the old barracks where the bomb went off. This was built in remembrance of the eleven who died and was restored after an arson attack some years later. Every year the families and friends of those that died join together at the garden to pay their respects and lay flowers in a memorial service. The Bandstand near the Walmer Lifeboat station is also dedicated to those who lost their lives in the bombing, with the names of those killed engraved on each face. Each July a Royal Marines Band returns to perform an outdoor concert in it.
Modern era
In 1992 the band was opened to women when the Royal Navy began to fully integrate women (who were then members of a separate branch) into the service. In April 1996, the School of Music was moved to Portsmouth dockyard when the Deal Barracks were closed. It was initially housed at the former Royal Naval Detention Quarters — the cells were converted to individual practice rooms.
Band of HM Royal Marines HMS Collingwood were present on the Isle of Man for the Tynwald Day ceremony on Monday 6 July 2015.
The Bands of HM Royal Marines participate in various annual events such as the Royal British Legion's Festival of Remembrance, the Remembrance Day Service at the Cenotaph, the Lord Mayor's Show as well as accompanying Royal Navy and Royal Marines contingents at guard mounting duties in London.
Furthermore, the Massed Bands, numbering some two hundred musicians from normally at least three Royal Marines bands, perform their Beating Retreat ceremony every two years at London's Horse Guards Parade in celebration of the birthday of their Captain General. Because of its popularity, it is generally over three nights. The most recent events were in June 2012 in honour of the Queen's Diamond Jubilee, in June 2014 in honour of the RM's 350 years of service to the nation and also the first to feature a guard of honour company from 40 Commando Brigade and bands from the United States Marine Corps and the Netherlands Marine Corps, and in June 2016, also marking the 90th birthday of HM the Queen and the first to be streamed live on Facebook. The latest event was slated for a May 2018 date, marking the 65th anniversary of the 1953 Coronation of HM the Queen and will be followed by another in 2022, marking the milestone 70th anniversary since the assumption to the throne of HM the Queen and the centennial of the modern Royal Marines (due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the 2020 event was cancelled).
Another event hosted by the Royal Marines Band Service is the Mountbatten Festival of Music, named after former Life Colonel Commandant Royal Marines Admiral of the Fleet The Earl Mountbatten of Burma, which takes place every year in the Royal Albert Hall.
Present organisation
At present, there are a total of five Royal Marine Bands and attached Corps of Drums:
Band of HM Royal Marines, Portsmouth (HMS Nelson)
Band of HM Royal Marines, Plymouth ()
Band of HM Royal Marines, Scotland (MoD Caledonia, Rosyth)
Band of HM Royal Marines, (replacing the Band of Britannia Royal Naval College)
Band of HM Royal Marines, Commando Training Centre Royal Marines
The Band of the Royal Marines School of Music in Portsmouth (The Training Band) brings the total number to six.
Officers and Bandmasters
All Directors of Music are Commissioned Officers, who are commissioned from within the ranks of the RMBS (there are no direct entry officers in the RMBS), on completion of the 12 month Bandmasters' Course (at RMSoM in Portsmouth) and once they have passed the external LRSM directing exam. Once commissioned they attend a music college for a period of one to two years, to study advanced conducting; usually at the level of MMus. Officers in command of Bands are either a Captain or Major, with the senior position of Principal Director of Music being a Lieutenant Colonel. Each Band also has a Warrant Officer Class 2 Bandmaster who acts as the Band Manager and deputy conductor. There are also four Warrant Officer Class 1 Bandmasters, in positions such as Bandmaster/Chief Instructor at the School of Music and PRO. The senior Bandmaster is a WO1 who holds the appointment of 'Corps Bandmaster' and is the chief non-commissioned advisor to the Principal Director of Music on all matters music and personnel.
Corps of Drums
The bands are always led by 'buglers', who are trained on both the side drum and the bugle as well as the Herald Fanfare Trumpet (natural trumpet); this section of the band is referred to as "the Corps of Drums", which since 1903 is now situated at the front of the band. Whilst similar to army corps of drums, these are members of the Royal Marines Band Service, although they retain their own rank structure.
RM Buglers have a similar history to Army 'drummers' in that they were used to convey orders on a ship on drums and bugles, and would then mass onshore into corps of drums, though they were still expected to work as individual soldiers, also known in slang by the Royal Navy as drummers.
These drummer-buglers trace themselves back to the raising of the Royal Marines in 1664 as a maritime foot regiment, with six drummers attached to its battalions.
Today's buglers carry out duties ranging from repatriation services (sounding Last Post bugle call), mess beatings (drum displays), beating retreat (marching displays) and concerts on behalf of the Royal Marines and the entire Royal Navy.
Instruments and leadership
Like the British Army, Military snare (side) drums (MSD) are the principal instrument of the corps of drums; with the bugle being another core instrument. Bass drums are often used during parades and drum displays, while cymbals and single tenor drums are used during parades and ceremonies only. Bass drummers, cymbalists and tenor drummers on parade however, are for the most time percussionist, not buglers. Herald Fanfare trumpets (natural trumpets) are also performed on such occasions where a bugle fanfare would be inappropriate for such. The corps is led by a drum major and a bugle major serves as the principal player for it. The Corps Bugle Major and Corps Drum Major have specific ceremonial roles within the RMBS. The Warrant Officer Class 1 rank also acts as the specialist advisor for all RM Buglers in addition to the current Corps appointment they hold at that time. Currently (2022) the Corps Bugle Major of the Royal Marines holds the WO1 rank, but the predecessor held the Corps Drum Major appointment (WO1 from 2018 - 2022).
Drum major
A drum major holds the rank of Sergeant Bugler, Colour Sergeant Bugler, or warrant officer class 2. "Drum Major" is not a rank itself but an appointment. The Corps Drum Major RM, the most senior drum major in the Royal Marines, can hold the rank of warrant officer class 1 or 2, depending on the current structure of the Corps of Drums. Drum majors in the Royal Marines are now always drawn from the buglers branch and always started their careers as a bugler and are required to have passed a number of courses in music, military skills, and leadership throughout their military careers before being considered for an appointment as a drum major. They are responsible for band ceremony, discipline and administration.
The insignia of appointment is four point-up chevrons worn on a wrist-strap whilst in shirt-sleeve order, or four large point-up chevrons worn on the uniform sleeve, surmounted by a drum. Royal Marines drum majors do not wear any additional badges to indicate specific rank.
In addition to the drum major sash, the uniform features hussar style braiding across the front of the tunic.
Bugle major
During the 1850s the bugle became the main means of signalling and Bugle Majors were appointed to assist the Drum Major. Initially the Royal Marine Artillery had a Trumpet Major but this appointment was replaced by Bugle Major when the artillery trumpet was superseded by the bugle. However, RMA Buglers continued to wear the crossed trumpets badge on their sleeve. During this period the RMA was unique in having a Divisional bugle-call and a Divisional trumpet-call.
During 1922, Drum Major and Bugle Major appointments were confirmed at Colour-Sergeant rank with one of each at all Divisions and the Depot, Deal. The Bugle Major was instructed to further assist the Drum Major whilst retaining responsibility for instruction in fife and bugle. They both had the status and pay of Sergeant from 1810. In 1881 they became Staff Sergeant and were entitled to wear a sword, which they still retain. The Bugle Major, who wears the narrow red welt of the Buglers Branch, is responsible for the military side drum, bugle and herald trumpet training of buglers.
The Corps Bugle Major is an appointment for the most senior bugle major in the Royal Marines, holding the rank of warrant officer class 1 or 2. The insignia of appointment is four point-up chevron worn on a wrist-strap whilst in shirt-sleeve order, or four large point-up chevrons worn on the uniform sleeve, surmounted by a bugle.
Ranks, insignia and uniform
The Royal Marines ranking structure is used, with "band" prefixed to the rank (e.g. Band Corporal, abbreviated BdCpl); as with other bands of the British Armed Forces, the rank of Private is replaced with Musician. The term "bugler" suffixed is used for members from the corps of drums (e.g. Corporal Bugler, abbreviated Cpl Bugler).
They wear the same badges of rank as other Royal Marines but wear a "Royal Marines Band Service" badge in place of the commando flash and other Band Service insignia indicating their status as musicians. Members also wear the navy blue beret with a scarlet patch behind the badge, that is also worn by other personnel who have not passed the commando course. The Portsmouth band and CTCRM band have different cap badges from the rest of the Corps. Portsmouth Band ranks also wear different shoulder flashes from other members of the RMBS, instead wearing a 'Royal Band' flash on the right shoulder. This is a privilege bestowed on them by HM the Queen on the de-commissioning of the Royal Yacht, on which they wore the flash 'Royal Yacht'.
The Royal Marines Band Service is the only element of the Corps of Royal Marines to wear Number 1 Full Dress based on the Royal Marines Dress Uniform worn from 1922 to 1939. The simpler Number 1A dress or "blues" are worn by other Royal Marine units on ceremonial duties. Full Dress consists of a royal blue single-breasted tunic with red facings (with gold piping) and yellow cuff slashes. Royal blue trousers with a scarlet stripe and a white "Wolseley pattern" pith helmet are also worn. The helmet's decoration includes a brass ball ornament at the top (a detail inherited from the Royal Marine Artillery), helmet plate and chin chain. Buglers wear dress cords and also have thinner trouser stripes to indicate their status.
Royal Marines School of Music
The Royal Marines School of Music (RMSoM) was founded as the "Royal Naval School of Music" in 1903 at Eastney Barracks, Portsmouth, where the Royal Marines Museum is now located. In 1930 it moved to Deal, Kent, a historic Royal Navy base and shipyard. Between 1940 and 1950, it moved to various locations around the country before returning to Deal. Eleven band members at the school were killed during the Deal barracks bombing of 1989. The school relocated for the last time in 1996 and returned to Portsmouth, making its home in the former detention quarters within HMS Nelson.
Today all Royal Marines Bands are required to provide every imaginable musical ensemble including wind bands, orchestras, quartets and dance bands, as well as traditional Military (parade) Bands. To achieve this, all RM musicians, except solo specialists, are required to attain an above-average standard on both a string and a wind instrument. As a result of this special versatility, Royal Marines musicians are recognised around the world as being both thoroughly professional and highly talented within the military musical world, and the music world generally. The "Solo Specialists" have to become exceptionally highly talented on their chosen single instrument. The Corps of Drums receive an equally thorough training and pride themselves on maintaining the highest standards of drill, bugling and drumming. Their glittering presence at the front of all Royal Marines Bands on the march gives the bands a visual impact that is second to none.
After completing 15 weeks of initial military training, now mostly held at the Commando Training Centre Royal Marines, and passing the audition, musicians proceed to train at the RMSoM. Musicians train for a maximum of 3 years and buglers train for 2 years. RMSoM has a collabrotive agreement with Plymouth University through which musicians may obtain a BMus degree. More experienced musicians have an opportunity to obtain a master's degree and other civilian certifications through external providers.
As their careers progress, Musicians and Buglers may return to the Royal Marines School of Music to undergo further musical training to qualify them for higher rank, after passing the Junior Command Course (to become Band Corporal) and Senior Command Course (to become Band Sergeant). This culminates in a possible place on the Bandmasters' Course that is widely recognized as one of the most demanding courses of its type, lasting 12 months.
Bandmaster Students study all the main music disciplines; the orchestral and contemporary wind band repertoire and they work with renowned figures from the world of music.
Military role
In addition to music making, Royal Marines Musicians and Buglers are fully trained and operational military personnel and usually perform support duties such as medical support, driving ambulances and logistics. Additionally they may also provide entertainment for troops deployed overseas and represent the Royal Marines in an ambassadorial role.
Band members have traditionally been deployed on board Royal Navy ships and this custom continued until 1978. Bandsmen saw action during both the First and Second World Wars. By the end of World War II, 225 musicians and buglers had been killed in action, which was a quarter of their strength at the time, and the highest percentage of any branch of any service. Royal Marines Bands were also involved in both the Falklands War and Operation Granby (the 1991 Gulf War) as casualty handlers on various hospital ships.
In 2000, RM Band Service ranks deployed to Kosovo for six months during Operation Agricola supporting 3 Commando Brigade RM. During the firefighters' strike (Operation Fresco) in 2002-03, 150 Band Service ranks were deployed with 'Green Goddesses' to various Temporary Service Fire Stations around the UK. Despite this, the annual Mountbatten Festival of Music went ahead in 2003 although with very reduced numbers. In the early part of 2003, 39 Band Service ranks deployed with the Primary Casualty Receiving Facility on RFA Argus providing casualty handlers and a further 26 ranks deployed with 3 Commando Brigade as decontamination teams during Operation Telic (the Iraq War). Sunday 1 April 2007 marked a significant milestone for the Royal Marines Band Service as they took over the duties as the Cyprus Reinforcement Unit for two months. Ninety ranks deployed. This was the first time in the history of the Royal Marines Band Service that Musicians and Buglers had been deployed in company strength as an independent military unit to perform their secondary role. Also in 2006/2007 (Operation Herrick V, Operation Herrick order of battle), two Royal Marine Buglers took part in operations in Afghanistan with 3 Commando Brigade where they assisted the Medical Squadron of the Commando Logistic Regiment, as well as providing musical support for repatriation ceremonies. Another 38 deployed to Afghanistan again in 2008/9 with 3 Commando Brigade as ambulance and general duties drivers. Royal Marines Bands continue to fly the flag abroad with many prestigious engagements undertaken including the 60th Anniversary of D-Day, in Gibraltar, the USA, Europe and Australia.
Band members train in CBRN defense casualty treatment. In 2018 they participated in the annual chemical warfare exercise on Salisbury Plain involving over 300 military personnel, along with 40 Commando, the RAF Regiment and the Defence CBRN Centre.
Royal Naval Volunteer Bands
The Royal Naval Volunteer Bands are not part of the RMBS, these bands are assigned in various Royal Navy installations all over the UK and are staffed by a wide variety of volunteer Military Musicians. They come from many walks of life: serving or retired members of any of the Crown Services, retired military Bandsmen or civilian personnel who wish to help and support the Armed Forces. It is a uniformed organisation wearing a "rig" similar to a Royal Naval Senior Rating, or the uniform of their parent service.
Bands are run by a Volunteer Band Instructor, the conductor of the Band, in charge of Music and a Volunteer Band Officer, a member who is serving above the rank of Warrant Officer.
Bands are located at:
HMS Seahawk
HMS Drake
BRNC Dartmouth
HMS Heron
HMS Nelson
Northwood Headquarters
HMS Neptune
Gallery
See also
Lt. Col Sir Vivian Dunn
Military band
Royal Marines Museum - home to a Royal Marines Band Service display.
United States Marine Band
References
External links
Official Royal Marines Band Service Website
Royal Marines Band Service on Royal Navy Website
Ex RM Bandsmen
Audio clips
Various clips from Portsmouth site
Life on the Ocean Wave - famous piece by Henry Russell
New recordings
http://www.rescuedrecords.uk/
Band Service
Musical groups established in 1903 |
4019269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attorney%20General%20of%20New%20Hampshire | Attorney General of New Hampshire | The Attorney General of New Hampshire is a constitutional officer of the U.S. state of New Hampshire who serves as head of the New Hampshire Department of Justice. , the state's attorney general is John Formella.
Qualifications and appointment
Under Part II, Article 46 of the New Hampshire Constitution, the Attorney General is appointed by the Governor with approval of the Council. The Attorney General serves a term of four years, as required by RSA 21-M:3, which is two years longer than the term of the Governor. The Attorney General and their Deputy must be "admitted to the practice of law in New Hampshire" and also "be qualified by reason of education and experience."
Powers and duties
New Hampshire Revised Statutes Annotated (RSA) Section 7:6 lists the Attorney General's "Powers and Duties as State's Attorney":
Shall act as attorney for the state in all criminal and civil cases in the supreme court in which the state is interested, and in the prosecution of persons accused of crimes punishable with death or imprisonment for life.
Shall have and exercise general supervision of the criminal cases pending before the state supreme and superior courts, and
With the aid of the county attorneys, the Attorney General shall enforce the criminal laws of the state
Shall have the power to collect uncollected debts owed to the state as set forth in RSA 7:15-a.
The Attorney General can choose when to relieve any officer or person of any duty prescribed by law relative to the enforcement of any criminal law.
County Attorneys
Part II, Article 71, of the state constitution, provides for County Attorneys (previously County Solicitors) to be elected by the inhabitants of the respective counties according to the state Election laws. However RSA 7:34 states, "the county attorney of each county shall be under the direction of the Attorney General, and, in the absence of the latter, he or she shall perform all the duties of the Attorney General's office for the county." In Wyman v. Danais, 101 N.H. 487, (1958), the New Hampshire Supreme Court held:
Office of the Attorney General
The Attorney General is required by statute to nominate a Deputy and a Director of Administration. They also may nominate Assistant and Senior Assistant Attorneys General, as well as Criminal Justice and Consumer Protection Investigators; provided there is money appropriated in biennium budget for such positions. Additionally, in the interest of the public welfare, the Attorney General is permitted to delegate the authority of the office to the Deputy and Assistant Attorneys General as they see fit.
Deputy Attorney General
The Attorney General is required to nominate a Deputy Attorney General for appointment by the governor, with the consent of the council. The Deputy acts as Attorney General whenever the latter is absent or unable to act from any cause, or whenever there is a vacancy in the office, provided an Acting Attorney General has not been appointed.
Acting Attorney General
The Governor and Council are required by RSA 7:15 to appoint an Acting Attorney General if the Attorney General becomes incapacitated to perform his or her duties. The Acting Attorney General serves only during such incapacity and is paid a "reasonable compensation for his [or her] services and expenses." The Deputy Attorney General serves as the Acting Attorney General until the Governor and Council appoint someone to be the Acting Attorney General.
Assistant Attorneys General
The Attorney General is permitted to appoint Assistant Attorneys General subject to the approval of the governor and council, as provided for in the budget. Assistant Attorneys General each serve a term of 5 years and should a position be vacant prior to the expiration of the term, such a vacancy can be filled for the remainder of the term. An Assistant Attorney General may be removed only as provided by RSA 4:1.
Senior Assistant Attorneys General
The Attorney General can also designate Senior Assistant Attorneys General, who serve at the pleasure of the Attorney General. Senior assistant attorneys general may serve as bureau chiefs, or in any other position as the Attorney General sees fit.
Director of Administration
The Attorney General is also required to nominate, subject to confirmation by the governor and council, an unclassified Director of Administration for the Office of Attorney General, within the limits of the appropriation made for the appointment, who shall serve for a 5-year term. The director of administration may be removed only as provided by RSA 4:1.
Investigators
The Attorney General may nominate Criminal Justice Investigators and Consumer Protection Investigators, subject to confirmation by the Governor and Council. Criminal Justice Investigators and Consumer Protection Investigators serve a term of five years. The investigators are given statewide law enforcement authority, and are considered a "peace officer" as defined in RSA 594:1, III, which authorizes them to make arrests in a criminal case. Investigators are required to meet the certification requirements for a police officer pursuant to RSA 188-F:26. Unless investigators fails to achieve certification or are decertified by the New Hampshire Police Standards and Training Council, investigators are only subject to removal as provided by RSA 4:1.
List of attorneys general
References
External links
New Hampshire Attorney General articles at ABA Journal
News and Commentary at FindLaw
New Hampshire Revised Statutes at Law.Justia.com
U.S. Supreme Court Opinions - "Cases with title containing: State of New Hampshire" at FindLaw
New Hampshire Bar Association
New Hampshire Attorney General Joseph Foster profile at National Association of Attorneys General
Press releases at New Hampshire Attorney General
Attorney General |
4019271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selby%20High%20School | Selby High School | Selby High School is a co-educational secondary school in North Yorkshire, England. Its main catchment area is the town of Selby and villages from the Selby District, including Thorpe Willoughby, Hambleton, Monk Fryston, Cawood and Wistow.
History
Selby High School links back to Selby Grammar School, founded in 1908 as an all-girls school as Selby High School. In 1967 this changed to the Selby Grammar School grammar school and became coeducational, and in 1979, a mixed comprehensive school. The comprehensive was renamed Selby High School.
Buildings
In 2003 Selby High School began fundraising towards securing specialist school status – the school was awarded specialist status in Performing and Visual Arts in 2005. Following this the school built a dance studio, a 325-seat theatre stand and an all-weather pitch. In September 2010 the school was awarded specialist status in Science. The school maintains these specialisms in the present day. In January 2013 the school added an ICT suite with new computers. In 2017 it added the Eckersley Centre, A building named after the previous headmaster, Paul Eckersley.
House system
In 2005 the school introduced a new house system with pupils from all year groups equally distributed into forms. The houses are named after significant Yorkshire people: Lesley Garrett (Garrett); David Hockney (Hockney); James Mason (Mason); and Michael Palin (Palin). These houses have been in the school for a long time now, with 1 of each group in every year. In each year group there are 2 classes per house, so about 50-60 people per house. In total there is about 250 students a house.
Notable former pupils
Nigel Adams – MP for Selby and Ainsty (attended the school 1978-84)
Gareth Ellis – rugby league England international who currently plays for Hull F.C.
Matthew Warchus – theatre and film director (attended the school 1978-84)
Selby Grammar School
Dianne Bevan (nee Roe), Chief Operating Officer from 2007-12 of the National Assembly for Wales
Sir John Arthur Townsley – Executive Principal, Gorse Academies Trust (attended the school 1976-1982)
Geoff Wilkinson, music producer of Us3
Selby Girls' High School
Prof Judy Armitage FRS, Professor of Biochemistry since 1996 at the University of Oxford (Merton College)
Former teachers
Mary Blake, Headmistress from 1975-83 of Manchester High School for Girls (head teacher of the girls' high school from 1960–68, and the grammar school from 1968–75) and the first President of the Secondary Heads Association in 1978
Joan Firth CB, Chair of Bradford Health Authority from 1998-2000 (Head of Science from 1960-62 at the girls' high school)
Brian Sherratt, Head of Religious Studies at the grammar school from 1967–70
References
External links
"Selby High School Specialist School for the Arts and Science", Ofsted reports 2001-13
Community schools in North Yorkshire
Educational institutions established in 1908
Secondary schools in North Yorkshire
Selby
1908 establishments in England
Specialist science colleges in England
Specialist arts colleges in England |
4019284 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowbike | Rowbike | A rowbike is an example of a rowing cycle, hybrid fitness/transport machine that combines a bicycle, and a rowing machine. "Rowbike" is a trademark of the Rowbike company. The Rowbike was invented by Scott Olson, the creator of Rollerblade inline skates. "Rowling" is a combination of rowing and rolling, and is sometimes used in place of rowing when describing a Rowbike.
Unlike traditional bicycles, where power is supplied primarily by the rider's legs turning pedals connected to the drive wheel through a looped chain, a Rowbike delivers power through a swinging lever that moves a chain back and forth over the rear cog in a reciprocating motion regulated by a bungee cord. The rowing lever is large enough that a rider will normally utilize muscles from their legs, arms, back and abdomen to maintain a steady rowing motion to keep the Rowbike in motion. Rowbikes are marketed as providing a full body workout through the rowing motion which is gentle on the rider's knees, hips and back due to the system being non-load-bearing.
Though Rowbike is primarily marketed as a fitness machine, as a rowing cycle it may also be classified as a human powered vehicle, as opposed to a stationary indoor rowers. In the United States, Rowbikes are almost exclusively for exercise and fitness, rather than for transportation. Four wheel variants also exist. As with most bicycles, a stationary bike converter stand can be obtained from a third-party vendor to allow the Rowbike to be effectively used as an indoor rower.
Terminology
While many Rowbike parts are standard bicycle parts, several are patented and proprietary to the Rowbike, and can only be obtained from the manufacturer.
shock cord – A bungee cord with a loop at one end that attaches to a standard bicycle chain with a removable link. It is placed inside the power lever and normally not visible unless the lever is pulled back. The other end of the cord is knotted to prevent slipping. The cord is prone to fatigue over time and must be replaced every few years.
power lever – a long swinging handlebar with grips and handbrakes that the rider pulls back on to provide propulsion. It is often blue, regardless of the color of the rest of the frame. It may also be called the swing arm.
Dave Cam – Also called the D Cam, it is the pulley at the end of the power lever.
Seat Wing – a pair of brackets with three rollers (or 6 rollers in all) that the seat is mounted on that allow the seat assembly to slide back and forth as the rider rows. Riding over rough and uneven pavement causes the rollers, which function as de facto shock absorbers, to wear out rapidly. To minimize the risk of being ejected from the seat after hitting a large bump, the rollers should be replaced regularly.
Propulsion and steering
Steering, braking, shifting, and propulsion are accomplished through the handlebars. The brakes and brake levers are standard bicycle components. The handle bars are specific to the Rowbike and cannot be upgraded, although standard grips, bar ends, and other accessories can be mounted on them. The front fork is controlled (or steered) with cables in a manner similar to a recumbent bicycle. The gears on the rear wheel, the shifter, and the derailleur are all standard bicycle equipment. Feet are on fixed foot rests, as opposed to moving pedals. The seat, which is specific to the RowBike, slides back and forth on rollers. Unlike a boat the rider faces forward. If the rider's stroke favors the left or right side, the rowbike will turn in that direction, similar to how a row boat is turned. Balancing on a two-wheeled rowbike while rowing requires some practice, even for a skilled bicyclist.
Drive train
Rowbikes transmit power from the rider to the wheels using a standard bicycle chain, rear gears, and derailleur. Both wheels are standard bicycle wheels, the rear wheel is fitted out with a standard freewheel. The chain on a Rowbike does not travel in a loop, as is the case with a standard bicycle. It moves back and forth over the rear cog in a sawing motion. The chain is connected at one end to the frame of the rowbike and to the shock cord (bungee cord) on the other. As the rower pulls back the chain engages the rear cog and the bungee cord, which is concealed in the power lever, is extended, and when the rower returns forward the bungee cord contracts, pulling the chain back and ensuring there is no slack in the chain.
Rowbikes have a rear derailleur if they have a multiple chain ring rear hub. The latest design has a NuVinci infinite ratio internally geared hub in the rear wheel, and has a single chain ring and no derailleur, similar to the original single speed models first produced.
If the gears on the rear wheel are not optimal an ordinary bicycle has the possibility of changing the size of the gear on the crankset(the chainring). Unlike a bicycle a Rowbike does not have a crank set. To optimize the gearing a pulley called the "Dave Cam" was introduced in 2006. The Dave Cam doubles the amount of chain pulled with each stroke, as a larger chainring increases the amount of chain pulled with each revolution of the pedals.
History
The idea of a rowed cycle dates back to at least the 1870s, and several variants have been developed commercially and sold, but there does not seem to be any evidence of a successful mass market design. As of 2018 Rowbikes and other rowed bicycles have not found broad appeal, possibly due to their having a relatively high asking price when compared to indoor rowers. Scott Olsen is quoted as saying "the jury is still out on rowbike".
A newsreel from 1937 shows a rowed bicycle that is similar to the Rowbike. Instead of a bungee cord, it uses a circular chain case mounted to the rear wheel with a spring to maintain chain tension. Like the first version of the Rowbike, there is no "Dave cam" pulley between the lever and the chain.
See also
Handcycles
Quadracycle (human-powered vehicle)
Rowed vehicles
Rowing machine
Tricycle
References
External links
2006 RowBike Assembly Manual
Replacement parts(with photos)
A rowed bicycle produced by Thys
Other row bikes, some in production some not
Rowing equipment
Bicycles
Cycle types |
4019285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Cashmore | Michael Cashmore | Michael Cashmore is an English composer and musician currently living in Berlin. He has created music under the name of Nature And Organisation since the early 1980s and more recently (2006) under his own name.
Cashmore was a member of the group Current 93 from the late 1980s until around 2006. He composed the majority of the music for the group during that period. He has collaborated with many artists including David Tibet, Antony and the Johnsons, Bill Fay, Marc Almond, Nick Cave, Rose McDowall, Douglas P and Steven Stapleton.
After moving to Berlin in 2004 Cashmore broke several years of silence by releasing his first solo CD Sleep England in May 2006.
Early 2007 saw the release of The Snow Abides, a mini album containing a collection of songs that feature vocals by Antony Hegarty of Antony and the Johnsons.
In April 2008 Cashmore released a two-track EP with Marc Almond titled Gabriel and the Lunatic Lover which sets two poems "Gabriel" and "The Lunatic Lover" by Count Stenbock to music. Marc Almond appeared as a guest of Current 93 at the Queen Elizabeth Hall in London on 21 June 2008 and performed these songs with Cashmore on guitar. These two songs later appeared on a collaborative album by Marc Almond and Michael Cashmore in 2011 called Feasting With Panthers.
In 2017, Cashmore reissued published and unpublished works by the group Nature And Organisation on a double CD, and a series of four vinyl records, with the German label Trisol Music Group GmbH. In the same year, Cashmore released an electronic / experimental white vinyl EP under his own name with artist Shaltmira, to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the founding of the label.
Cashmore has publicly stated via social media that he is transforming himself, and his music is a reflection of this transformation. He released two albums on the Austrian label Klanggalerie, The Doctrine Of Transformation Through Love Parts I and II in 2019 and 2020, which are heavily electronic and experimental but also feature two songs recorded with Bill Fay and Little Annie.
Cashmore has also now formed a movement connected to his music called The Hidden Throne which he uses to share and promote his ideas of personal transformation.
In 2021 Cashmore announced the release of his new album "The Night Has Rushed In" on the English record label House of Mythology. The title track of the album features a text written by David Tibet of Current 93 and sang by Anohni (formerly known as Antony Hegarty).
References
English composers
English rock singers
English pop singers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
Current 93 members |
4019290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20York%20City%20Horror%20Film%20Festival | New York City Horror Film Festival | The New York City Horror Film Festival is an international film festival based in New York City that screens films from the horror genre. It was founded by Michael J. Hein in 2001. It takes place each year in New York City for a week in November.
The festival presents awards best feature film, shorts, cinematography, FX, actor and actress, screenplay, and audience choice. The festival also awards lifetime achievement awards recognizing the careers of horror filmmakers.
Lifetime achievement award
Since 2002, the New York City Horror Film Festival has given the Lifetime Achievement Award to one legendary horror filmmaker each year. Recipients are as follows:
2016 - Adrienne Barbeau
2015 - Sean S. Cunningham
2014 - Angus Scrimm
2013 - Lloyd Kaufman
2012 - Wes Craven
2010 - Robert Englund
2009 - William Lustig
2008 - Frank Henenlotter
2007 - Herschell Gordon Lewis
2006 - Mick Garris
2005 - Roger Corman
2004 - Tobe Hooper
2003 - Tom Savini
2002 - George A. Romero
Awards
Guests
2008
Frank Henenlotter
William Lustig
Michael Gingold
2007
Eli Roth
Herschell Gordon Lewis
William Lustig
Michael Gingold
Frank Zagarino
Roy Fumkis
2006
Tony Todd was presented with a special award for "Excellence In Acting" in horror films
Mick Garris was presented the Lifetime Achievement Award
Ken Foree
Betsy Palmer
Michael Gingold
Joe Kane
William Lustig
Jack Ketchum
2005
Roger Corman, who received the Lifetime Achievement Award
Don Coscarelli
Angus Scrimm
Michael Gingold
Armand Mastroianni
William Lustig
2004
Tobe Hooper received the Lifetime Achievement Award
Amanda Plummer
Jeff Lieberman
William Lustig
Michael Gingold
2003
Tom Savini received the Lifetime Achievement Award
Lloyd Kaufman
Joe Bob Briggs
Michael Ruggerio
2002
George A. Romero to receive the Lifetime Achievement Award
Felissa Rose
Lloyd Kaufman
References
External links
Film festivals in New York City
Fantasy and horror film festivals |
4019291 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart%20of%20England%20School | Heart of England School | Heart of England School is a secondary school and sixth form with academy status located in Balsall Common in the West Midlands. The Headteacher, who started at the start of the Academic year 2014, is Miss Hughes-Williams. She previously worked as a member of the school's senior leadership team.
Campus
It has 3 main blocks (Main block, Hampton block and Leveson block). The P.E. block, a part of main block, consists of a Dance Studio, a Gym, a Sports Hall and lessons also take place in the hall, tennis courts and field. The playing field abuts the Primary School field. Recent renovations have included a "Cyber Cafe" and "restaurant", improving the eating area for pupils. In September 2010 an extension to the Hampton Building was added to provide much needed specialist accommodation for Maths, Languages, Food Technology and Drama.
External links
Heart of England School
Solihull Council - Secondary Schools
Academies in Solihull
Secondary schools in Solihull |
4019300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swath | Swath | Swath or Swathe may refer to:
Swathe, the strip of mown crop left behind the mower
A windrow (synonym), a line or row of cut cropusually of hay, or strawleft on a field after mowing/reaping/harvesting, or formed afterwards
Swath width, the strip of the Earth's surface from which geographic data are collected by a moving vehicle
SWATH-MS (Sequential Windowed Acquisition of All Theoretical Fragment Ion Mass Spectra), an acquisition type in mass spectrometry
Small-waterplane-area twin hull (SWATH), a type of ship design
Snow White and the Huntsman, a dark fantasy action-adventure film based on the German fairy tale by the Brothers Grimm |
4019302 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juhan%20Viiding | Juhan Viiding | Juhan Viiding (1 June 1948 – 21 February 1995), also known under the pseudonym of Jüri Üdi was an Estonian poet and actor.
Personal life
Juhan Viiding was born on 1 June 1948 in Tallinn to Paul Viiding, a well-known poet in Estonia who had belonged to the influential Arbujad (Soothsayers) – a collective group of eight young influential poets who rose to prominence before the outbreak of World War II – and Linda Viiding (née Laarmann), a noted translator. Juhan was the youngest of four children and the only boy—his older sisters were Reet, Anni and Mari. He was an intellectually precocious and restless youngster. Between the years 1968 and 1972, Viiding studied theatre and stagecraft at the Tallinn Conservatory (now the Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre), under instruction of actor and theatre pedagogue Voldemar Panso, graduating in 1972. Among his graduating classmates were Kersti Kreismann, Ivo Eensalu, Vello Janson, Rein Kotkas, Helle Meri (née Pihlak), Katrin Kumpan, Martin Veinmann, and Tõnis Rätsep.
Juhan Viiding was married to Riina Kiisk, the daughter of actor, film director and politician Kaljo Kiisk. Their daughter Elo is also a poet.
On 21 February 1995 Juhan Viiding committed suicide in Rapla by cutting his wrists.
Dramatic career
Upon his graduation in 1972, Viiding worked in Tallinn's National Drama Theatre (now the Estonian Drama Theatre).
During the last ten years of his life Viiding staged many plays. His favourite playwrights were Samuel Beckett, Eugène Ionesco, and Minoru Betsuyaku.
Viiding worked at the Estonian Drama Theatre until his death on 21 February 1995.
Literary career
Juhan Viiding who until 1975 published his poetry under the pseudonym Jüri Üdi was the brightest talent to appear in Estonian poetry in the 1970s. Unlike the major poets of the immediately preceding generation (Rummo, Kaplinski, Runnel), he never wrote essays or criticism.
The heteronymic poetics of the modern Portuguese classic Fernando Pessoa (whose selected poetry was translated into Estonian in 1973), may have served as an impulse for Juhan Viiding to create the poet Jüri Üdi. However, the difference between the works published under the author's name and his pseudonym is that the "marrow" of Juhan Viiding's poetry remained in his George Marrow pseudonym; what followed, under his authentic name, lacked the former brilliance. Jüri Üdi's playfulness and rich undertones gave way to a more direct and pathetic expression. It is not known whether Viiding intended to develop a second poetic voice in addition to that of Jüri Üdi, or that he simply realized that the Soviet era of ideological symbols—as described in his "Jüri’s Yarn"—was coming to an end and the actor Jüri Üdi could drop the mask to reveal Juhan Viiding's true literary face.
In October 1980, Viiding was a signatory of the Letter of 40 Intellectuals, a public letter in which forty prominent Estonian intellectuals defended the Estonian language and protested the Russification policies of the Kremlin in Estonia. The signatories also expressed their unease against Republic-level government in harshly dealing with youth protests in Tallinn that were sparked a week earlier due to the banning of a public performance of the punk rock band Propeller.
Selected works
Närvitrükk (Nerve Print, 1971)
Aastalaat (Year's Fair, 1971)
Detsember (December, 1971)
Käekäik (1973)
Selges eesti keeles (In Plain Estonian, 1974) Note: As a footnote of the title Viiding requested that the name of the language in the title has to be renamed to the one that was used for translating. Therefore, the translation of the title should be "In Plain English"
Armastuskirjad (Love Letters, 1975)
Ma olin Jüri Üdi (I Was George Marrow, 1978)
Olevused (Beings, 1979) Note: Co-written with Tõnis Rätsep
Elulootus (Hope of Life/Being without a Biography, 1980) Note: Due to the clever word-play in the title as it is in the original Estonian, both of the "translations" presented here are correct. In an interview, Viiding admitted that the wordplay in the title was intentional.
Tänan ja Palun (Cheers and Please, 1983)
Osa (Part, 1991)
References
External links
Examples of Juhan Viiding's Poetry (English translations) (archived version)
1948 births
1995 suicides
Estonian male poets
Estonian male stage actors
Estonian male film actors
People from Tallinn
Male actors from Tallinn
Suicides by sharp instrument in Estonia
20th-century Estonian poets
20th-century Estonian male actors
Burials at Metsakalmistu
Estonian Academy of Music and Theatre alumni
20th-century male writers |
4019305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crestwood%20Publications | Crestwood Publications | Crestwood Publications, also known as Feature Publications, was a magazine publisher that also published comic books from the 1940s through the 1960s. Its title Prize Comics contained what is considered the first ongoing horror comic-book feature, Dick Briefer's "Frankenstein". Crestwood is best known for its Prize Group imprint, published in the late 1940s to mid-1950s through packagers Joe Simon and Jack Kirby, who created such historically prominent titles as the horror comic Black Magic, the creator-owned superhero satire Fighting American, and the first romance comic title, Young Romance.
For much of its history, Crestwood's publishers were Teddy Epstein and Mike Bleier. In the 1940s the company's general manager was Maurice Rosenfeld, and in the 1950s the general manager was M.R. Reese. In the mid-1950s, the company office manager was Nevin Fidler (who later became Simon & Kirby's business manager).
In addition to Simon and Kirby, notable Crestwood/Prize contributors included Leonard Starr, Mort Meskin, John Prentice, Joe Maneely, John Severin, Will Elder, Carmine Infantino, Bruno Premiani, Dick Ayers, George Klein, Jack Abel, Ed Winiarski, and Dick Briefer.
History
Origins: Prize Comics
In 1940, Crestwood's Prize Publications, already established as a producer of pulp magazines, jumped onto the superhero bandwagon with the new title Prize Comics. The first issue (March 1940) featured the non-superpowered, costumed crime fighter K the Unknown, whose name was changed to the Black Owl in issue #2 (April 1940).
In Prize Comics #7 (December 1940), writer-artist Dick Briefer introduced the eight-page feature "New Adventures of Frankenstein", an updated version of 19th-century novelist Mary Shelley's much-adapted Frankenstein monster. Considered by comics historians including Don Markstein as "America's first ongoing comic book series to fall squarely within the horror genre", the feature, set in New York City circa 1930, starred a guttural, rampaging creature actually dubbed "Frankenstein" (unlike Shelley's nameless original monster).
Simon and Kirby's Prize Group
Young Romance
Launched with a cover date of September 1947, the Prize Group title Young Romance signaled its distinction from traditional superhero and genre comics with a cover banner stating the series was "designed for the more adult readers of comics". Told from a first person perspective, underlining its claim to be recounting "true" stories, the title was an instant success, "bec[oming] Jack and Joe's biggest hit in years" and selling "millions of copies" and a staggering 92% of its print run. Crestwood increased the print run by the third issue to triple the initial numbers, and well as upgrade the title from bimonthly to monthly through issues #13–72 (Sept. 1949 – Aug. 1954).
Within a year and a half, Simon & Kirby were launching companion titles for Crestwood to capitalize on the success of this new genre. The first issue of Young Love (Feb. 1949) also sold well with "indistinguishable" content from its parent-title. Further spin-off titles Young Brides (married couples' stories) and In Love ("book-length" stories) also followed from Crestwood/Prize, and were produced by the Simon & Kirby stable of artists and writers.
Black Magic
The long-running horror/suspense title Black Magic debuted in 1950. According to Jack Kirby, the idea for Spider-Man originated with him and Simon, who developed a character called The Silver Spider for Black Magic, who was subsequently not used. Ironically, eventual Spider-Man co-creator Steve Ditko drew a six-page story in Black Magic vol. 4, #3 (Dec. 1953).
Controversy
In 1954, a Crestwood/Prize salesman urged Kirby and Simon to launch their own comics company, Mainline Publications, while the duo continued to produce work for Crestwood under contract. When the duo rearranged and republished artwork from an old Crestwood story in the Mainline title In Love, Crestwood refused to pay Simon and Kirby. After reviewing Crestwood's finances, Simon & Kirby's attorney's stated that the company owed them $130,000 over the past seven years. Crestwood paid them $10,000 in addition to their recent delayed payments.
Decline
Crestwood gave up publishing comics in 1963, selling off its remaining romance comics to publisher DC Comics. It continued to publish humor magazines, such as Sick, up until 1968 (when Sick was acquired by Hewfred Publications).
Comic-book characters
Airmale
American Eagle
Atomic Man
Black Owl
Blue Streak
Bulldog Denny
Captain Gallant
Dr. Dekkar, Master of Monsters
Dr. Frost
The Futureman & Jupiter
Green Lama (also published in pulp magazines and by Spark Publications)
Junior Rangers
Master Magician
Power Nelson
Ted O'Neil
Yank & Doodle
Titles published
References
Notes
Sources
External links
Crestwood/Prize characters at International Superheroes
Defunct comics and manga publishing companies
Defunct companies based in New York City
American companies established in 1940
American companies disestablished in 1968
Publishing companies established in 1940
Publishing companies disestablished in 1968
1940 establishments in New York (state)
1968 disestablishments in New York (state)
Publishing companies based in New York City |
4019309 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble%20House%20Film%20%26%20Television%20Inc. | Noble House Film & Television Inc. | Noble House Film & Television is the operating subsidiary of Noble House Entertainment Inc. Founded by filmmaker Damian Lee and Lowell Conn, Noble House develops, produces and distributes international commercial feature films and television programs.
Damian Lee and Lowell Conn produced and directed films including Woman Wanted, Fun, and The Poet.
Film production companies of the United States |
4019310 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LB%26SCR%20C2%20class | LB&SCR C2 class | The London, Brighton and South Coast Railway C2 class was a class of 0-6-0 steam locomotives, intended for heavy freight trains. Fifty-five were built by the Vulcan Foundry between 1893 and 1902 to the design of Robert J. Billinton. Forty-five of these were later rebuilt between 1908 and 1940, with a larger boiler as the C2X class.
C2 class
In January 1891 Robert Billinton was given authority to build ten new 0-6-0 freight locomotives, to supplement Stroudley's C1 class of 1882-7. However, at the time, Brighton works was fully committed building Billinton's various classes of radial tanks and so tenders were sought from outside contractors. Ultimately the Vulcan Foundry agreed to construct these ten locomotives, and further orders were received at intervals until 55 had been purchased by February 1902. The class were therefore nicknamed 'Vulcans'.
The new class were not as powerful as their predecessors but were found to be both reliable and also capable of running at speed, thereby enabling them to be used on secondary passenger and excursion duties. As a result, a further ten were ordered from Vulcan Foundry, which were delivered 1893-4, and twenty five delivered 1900-1902.
C2X class
During the first decade of the twentieth century the railway experienced a rapid growth in freight traffic and by 1905 their locomotives were no longer capable of hauling the heaviest trains without loss of time. Douglas Earle Marsh's initial response was to introduce his C3 class with a larger boiler in 1906, but the performance of these also proved to be disappointing.
However, in 1908 Marsh rebuilt one C2 with a larger diameter C3 steel boiler and an extended smokebox. In doing so he created an excellent powerful freight locomotive that was classified "C2X", and nicknamed 'Large Vulcans.' The modification was so successful that twenty-nine out of the original fifty-five members of the class were similarly rebuilt by the end of 1912. By this time the class were beginning to struggle to keep time when hauling the heaviest freight trains and began to be superseded on these by the K class 2-6-0 in 1913/14, but were nevertheless kept very busy during the First World War on military supply and munitions trains, and three further C2’s had been rebuilt by the end of 1922.
After the First World War Lawson Billinton acquired ten spare boilers for the class incorporating his own top feed apparatus. These were clearly visible when fitted because of the presence of a second dome.
Grouping and Nationalisation
All of the C2 and C2X locomotives passed to the Southern Railway in 1923, and nine further examples were rebuilt during 1924-5, as the original boilers became due for replacement. However, the trade recession of the early 1930s caused a decline in freight traffic resulting in the withdrawal of seven of the remaining C2 locomotives by the end of 1937. The advent of the Second World War meant that four other survivors were rebuilt in 1939 and 1940 and that the remaining three unrebuilt C2 locomotives remained in service until after the nationalisation of the railways to British Railways in 1948. Those remaining were all withdrawn between 1948 and 1950.
The C2X locomotives remained in regular use on secondary freight trains for a further decade and most had completed very impressive mileages for freight locomotives before they were all withdrawn between 1957 and February 1962. The last two examples were based at Three Bridges and Brighton and had completed and respectively.
No examples have been preserved.
Accidents and incidents
On 18 April 1918, a freight train became divided, with the rear portion coming to a stand inside Redhill Tunnel. Owing to a signalman's error, a freight train hauled by locomotive No. 541 ran into it. A third freight train hauled by locomotive No. 536 ran into the wreckage. The third train was carrying ammunition and explosives bound for Newhaven, but fortunately there was no fire and there were no serious injuries. It took forty hours to clear the potentially explosive debris from the tunnel.
In October of 1940, No. 2550 ran into a bomb crater while carrying a goods train.
On 19 November 1951, locomotive No. 32522 was hauling a freight train which was derailed between and , West Sussex when an embankment was washed away. Recovery of the locomotive took more than three months.
Locomotive Summary
References
External links
Semg gallery
Class C2 details; Rail UK
Class C2X details; Rail UK
C2
0-6-0 locomotives
Vulcan Foundry locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1893
Scrapped locomotives
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain
Freight locomotives |
4019314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gustaf%20D%C3%BCben | Gustaf Düben | Gustaf Düben (also spelt Gustav) (1624/1628December 19, 1690) was a Swedish organist and composer.
Personal life
Early life
Düben was born in the 1620s in Stockholm, Sweden, the son of the German-born Andreas Düben, an organist, and Anna Maria Gabriels, lady's maid of Maria Eleonora of Brandenburg. Düben was sent by his father to Germany for education in his youth. He was a student of Sweelinck.
Family
In 1654, Düben married Dutch merchant's daughter Emerentia Standaert. They had at least nine children.
Career
In 1647 Gustav became part of the Swedish royal court orchestra, the Kungliga Hovkapellet, where he would succeed as Hofkapellmeister in 1663 after the death of his father the previous year. Both of his sons would follow in their father's footsteps, Gustav (sv) holding the office from 1690 to 1698 and Anders (sv) from 1698 to 1726.
In addition to his court duties, he was organist at the German Church in Stockholm.
Düben composed a few works in the North German style prevalent in his time, including both vocal music and instrumental music.
However, these do not constitute the most important aspect of his contribution to music. From the 1640s, Düben begun compiling a manuscript collection of compositions from his time, some of which he had acquired from his travels in foreign lands. Named after him as the Düben collection, it is one of the most important sources for music of the 17th century, notably being the only surviving copy of many works by Dieterich Buxtehude.
See also
Dieterich Buxtehude
Düben collection
Membra Jesu Nostri
References
Citations
Bibliography
Further reading
External links
Mss. of works collected by the family, the "Düben collection"
1624 births
1690 deaths
17th-century classical composers
17th-century Swedish musicians
Swedish Baroque composers
Swedish classical composers
Swedish male classical composers
Swedish people of German descent
17th-century male musicians
Gustaf |
4019338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Power%20of%20Two | The Power of Two | The Power of Two is a 2009 studio album by American vocalists Michael Feinstein and Cheyenne Jackson arranged by John Oddo.
Reception
The AllMusic review by William Ruhlmann awarded the album three stars and said "From the beginning, the two singers display a rapport, with Jackson, who has a more distinctive voice and a more natural performing style than Feinstein, helping his better-known partner loosen up and wail...Musically at least, Cheyenne Jackson is one of the best things that's ever happened to him."
Track listing
"I'm Nothing without You" (Cy Coleman, Chris Zippel) - 3:20
"Me and My Shadow" (Dave Dreyer, Al Jolson, Billy Rose) - 3:31
"Old Friend" (Gretchen Cryer, Nancy Ford) - 4:17
"A Foggy Day" (George Gershwin, Ira Gershwin) - 3:04
"So in Love" (Cole Porter) - 4:47
"Old Devil Moon" (Yip Harburg, Burton Lane) - 2:53
"The Time Has Come" (Marshall Barer, Michael Leonard) - 4:05
"I'm Checkin' Out - Go'om Bye" (Duke Ellington, Billy Strayhorn) - 2:06
"The Power of Two" (Emily Saliers) - 4:53
"I'm Gonna Sit Right Down and Write Myself a Letter" (Fred E. Ahlert, Joe Young) - 2:44
"I Get Along Without You Very Well"/"Don't Get Around Much Anymore" (Hoagy Carmichael, Jane Brown Thompson)/(Ellington, Bob Russell) - 4:45
"We Kiss in a Shadow" (Oscar Hammerstein II, Richard Rodgers) - 3:50
"Salt and Pepper"/I'm Nothing Without You" (John Barry, Leslie Bricusse) - 2:25
"If I Can Dream" (W. Earl Brown) - 2:53
"Someone to Watch Over Me" (G. Gershwin, I. Gershwin) - 3:19
Personnel
Michael Feinstein - executive producer, piano, vocals, producer, vocal arrangement
Cheyenne Jackson - executive producer, vocals, producer, vocal arrangement
Tony Kadleck - flugelhorn, trumpet
Bob Mann - guitar
Dave Ratajczak - drums, percussion
David Finck - acoustic bass, electric bass
David Andrew Mann - clarinet, flute, tenor saxophone
John Oddo - arranger, musical direction, piano, vocal arrangement
Andy Brattain - associate engineer
Karl Simone - cover photo, tray photo
Scott Landis - photography
Jim Czak - production engineer
References
Concord Records albums
Michael Feinstein albums
Cheyenne Jackson albums
2010 albums |
4019344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20Whitehead | Stuart Whitehead | Stuart David Whitehead (born 17 July 1976) is an English former footballer. He played as a right-back or centre-back.
Career
Born in Bromsgrove, Whitehead began his career at his hometown club Bromsgrove Rovers. After a season with the club, he joined then-Premiership Bolton Wanderers in 1995 on a free transfer.
Bolton were relegated in his first season with them, but won promotion back to the Premier League in the following season. After another top-flight season, Bolton and Whitehead parted company, with Whitehead never appearing for the club.
A regular starting role at Carlisle United followed, with Carlisle spending the whole period near the bottom of the Football League. He appeared in the famous Jimmy Glass game against Plymouth Argyle, in which the goalkeeper scored in the 94th minute to keep Carlisle United in the Football League. A ten-month spell at Darlington followed before Whitehead dropped down to the Football Conference in August 2003 for a season with Telford United. Telford, and their chairman, were to go bankrupt at the end of the season, so Whitehead made the short move to newly promoted (to League Two) Shrewsbury Town.
In his two seasons with the club, Whitehead became Shrewsbury's first-choice right-back, making 70 appearances for the Shropshire club. However, on 14 April 2006 he was released by Shrewsbury to allow the emergence of Gavin Cadwallader. Whitehead agreed to join Conference club Kidderminster Harriers on a two-year contract in the summer of 2006.
In his first season Whitehead played well and was a vital part of the FA Trophy run to the finals. He led the team out on 12 May hoping to lift the trophy but, unfortunately he will go down in history as the first captain to lose a competitive match at Wembley.
Whitehead left Kidderminster by mutual consent on 31 January 2008 and subsequently made his return to the New Bucks Head, signing an 18-month deal with Conference North side AFC Telford United.
At the start of the 2008/2009 season, Whitehead was named as the new AFC Telford United captain. At the end of the 2009/2010 season, following the dismissal of Rob Smith, Whitehead was named caretaker manager for Telford's final game of the season, a 3–1 defeat away to Vauxhall Motors. He left Telford in January 2012, joining Worcester City the next day.
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Bromsgrove
Association football fullbacks
Association football central defenders
Bromsgrove Rovers F.C. players
Bolton Wanderers F.C. players
Carlisle United F.C. players
Darlington F.C. players
Telford United F.C. players
Shrewsbury Town F.C. players
Kidderminster Harriers F.C. players
AFC Telford United players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players
Worcester City F.C. players
English footballers |
4019369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus%20MacLachlan | Angus MacLachlan | Angus MacLachlan is a playwright and screenwriter most famous for writing the screenplays for the 2005 film Junebug and the cult short film Tater Tomater. He graduated from the North Carolina School of the Arts in 1980 and lives in Winston-Salem, North Carolina. He adapted one of his plays into the film Stone, directed by John Curran and starring Robert De Niro, Milla Jovovich, and Edward Norton. It was released in 2010.
Tater Tomater
Tater Tomater is a short student film that was directed by Phil Morrison while he was a student at NYU. The short is based on MacLachlan's stage play Behold Zebulon. It was first screened in 1989 at the Rialto Theater in Raleigh, North Carolina and in 1992, both screened at Sundance and aired on PBS's American Playhouse. The short stars Beth Bostic and Mary Lucy Bivins as two servers working in a cafeteria; Bostic continually asks customers if they want "taters" or "tomaters" until she has a mental breakdown. Since its premiere the short has received praise and taken on cult film status. A now-defunct website, tatertomater.com, was launched and allowed fans to take polls, sign a guestbook, or purchase a copy of the short film.
MacLachland and Morrison, who had grown up together in Winston-Salem, North Carolina, would later work together again for the 2005 film Junebug.
Filmography
Junebug (2005)
Stone (2010)
Goodbye To All That (2014)
Abundant Acreage Available (2017)
References
External links
Oscar buzz could boost fortunes of W-S writer
Tater Tomater fan site
American male screenwriters
Living people
20th-century American dramatists and playwrights
University of North Carolina School of the Arts alumni
1959 births
American male dramatists and playwrights
20th-century American male writers |
4019376 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleksiy%20Fedorov | Oleksiy Fedorov | Oleksiy Fedorovych Fedorov (, , Aleksey Fyodorovich Fyodorov; 30 March 1901 - 9 September 1989), was one of the leaders of Soviet partisan movement during World War II. He was twice awarded the title Hero of the Soviet Union, making him one of the only two partisan leaders to receive the title twice (the other being fellow Ukrainian Sydir Kovpak).
Biography
Oleksiy Fedorov was born in Lotsmanska Kamianka (today part of Dnipro) in a Ukrainian peasant family. In 1920 he joined the Red Army and fought in the Russian Civil War.
In 1927 he joined Communist Party of the Soviet Union and by 1938 became a first secretary of the regional party committee in Chernihiv Oblast.
After the Nazi Germany invasion of the Soviet Union, Fedorov became a prominent organizer of the underground resistance in occupied Ukraine. During the winter of 1941-1942 he commanded Chernigov partisan unit which by March 1942 had sixteen engagements with the enemy and killed over a thousand German troops. In May 1942 Oleksiy Fedorov was awarded a title Hero of the Soviet Union and the Order of Lenin with a golden star. During the spring and summer of 1943 Fedorov's partisan units expanded guerrilla activities into other occupied regions of USSR outside north-east Ukraine including the Volyn, Belarus, Bryansk and Oryol regions. During the legendary Kovel railway hub operation in the autumn of 1943 and the following winter, the partisans of Fedorov liquidated over 500 German supply trains full of ammunition, fuel, military equipment and army personnel.
Oleksiy Fedorov was promoted to the rank of major general and in January 1944 awarded a second Gold Star medal.
Civilian life
After the liberation of Ukraine, Oleksiy Fedorov headed Communist party committees in several Ukrainian regions including Kherson (1944–1949) Izmail (1950–1952) and Zhytomyr (1952–1957) oblasts. In 1957 he became a Minister of Welfare in the government of Ukrainian SSR and until 1979 he served as a deputy of the Supreme Soviet of the USSR.
Oleksiy Fedorov died on September 9, 1989 in Kyiv, a monument was built to honour partisan hero of anti-Nazi struggle in his native Dnipropetrovsk.
Awards
Twice Hero of the Soviet Union (1942 and 1944)
Six Orders of Lenin (1939, 1942, 1961, 1981)
Order of Suvorov 1st class (1945)
Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky 1st class (1944)
Order of the Red Banner
Order of the Patriotic War 1st class (1945)
Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class (1945)
Order of the Red Star
Order of the October Revolution
Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Medal "Partisan of the Patriotic War" 1st class
Medal "For the Victory over Germany in the Great Patriotic War 1941–1945"
References
External links
Fyodorov in wartime, photo by Yakov Davidson, Photo Archive, Ghetto Fighters' House
War Hero Aleksey Fyodorov - in Russian.
Фёдоров Алексей Фёдорович. www.knowbysight.info
1901 births
1989 deaths
Military personnel from Dnipro
Burials at Baikove Cemetery
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Soviet military personnel of World War II
Ukrainian people of World War II
Soviet partisans in Ukraine
Soviet major generals
Communist Party of the Soviet Union members
Central Committee of the Communist Party of Ukraine (Soviet Union) members
Recipients of the Order of Suvorov, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of Bogdan Khmelnitsky (Soviet Union), 1st class
First secretaries in non-national subdivisions of the Soviet Union
First convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Second convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Third convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Fourth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Fifth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Sixth convocation members of the Verkhovna Rada of the Ukrainian Soviet Socialist Republic
Social policy ministers of Ukraine
Ukrainian anti-fascists |
4019379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crisis%20%28band%29 | Crisis (band) | Crisis are an English punk rock band formed in 1977 in Guildford, Surrey, England. They performed at rallies for Rock Against Racism and the Anti-Nazi League, and at Right to Work marches. British music magazine Sounds used the phrase "Music to March To" to describe their controversial and radical left-wing form of punk rock.
History
Formation and career
Crisis formed in 1977 with the lineup of Phrazer (vocals), Lester Jones (lead guitar), Douglas Pearce (guitar), Tony Wakeford (bass) and Insect Robin the Cleaner (drums).
Their debut single, "No Town Hall", was released in 1978 on Action Group Records.
On 11 January 1978, Crisis recorded four tracks at a Peel Session for BBC Radio 1, with two of the tracks released as the "UK 79" 7" single in 1979 on the Ardkor label. The remaining two Peel Session songs were posthumously issued by Ardkor in 1981 as "Alienation".
In early 1979, the band underwent a major change in personnel when Phrazer and Insect Robin the Cleaner were replaced by Dexter (a longtime fan and roadie) and Luke Rendle. After performing their last show, supporting Magazine and Bauhaus in their hometown of Guildford on 10 May 1980, the band broke up. A recording of the final show was released in 2008 as the Ends! CD.
Later projects
Pearce and Wakeford went on to form Death in June in 1981. Wakeford later joined The Runners from 84, Above the Ruins and Sol Invictus. Rendle joined the Straps, then The Pack/Theatre of Hate. Jones formed Carcrash International. In 1985, Jones also performed as a touring member of Andi Sex Gang & the Quick Gas Gang.
Legacy
The Crisis discography has been compiled on CD twice (as We Are All Jews and Germans double CD in 1997 by World Serpent, and as Holocaust Hymns single CD in 2005 by Apop Records), as well as once on vinyl LP Kollectiv in 2014 by La Vida Es un Mus).
Reformation
In 2015, Wakeford formed the ensemble 1.9.8.4., to perform the songs he had written for both Crisis and Death in June. In 2017, 1.9.8.4., was renamed Crisis, announcing concerts in the UK and Europe in 2017 and 2018. The new Crisis line-up consists of original member Wakeford on bass, Lloyd James (of Naevus) on vocals, Clive Giblin (of Alternative TV) on guitar and Igor Olejar (of Autorotation) on drums. In a November 2017 interview with Louder Than War, Wakeford said, "It became increasingly obvious that there was major interest in Crisis and that the band and songs held a special place in people hearts...There is obviously a growing interest in that period, with a lot of bands reforming. Crisis were an important part of that history, and I think the band sound fresh and the songs are still valid, perhaps even more so today". In mid-2018, Aurora Lee replaced Olejar on drums.
Discography
Studio albums
Hymns of Faith mini-LP (1980, Ardkor)
Singles and EPs
"No Town Hall" 7" single (1978, Action Group Records)
"UK 79" 7" single (1979, Ardkor)
"Alienation" 7" single (1981, Ardkor)
Holocaust - U.K. 12" EP (1982, Action Group Records/Ardkor)
"The Hammer and the Anvil" 7" single (2019, Relaxomatic Vibrator Records)
Escalator 12" EP (2020, Wooden Lung)
Live albums
Ends! (2008, Neroz)
Paris '18 (2018, self-released)
Compilation albums
We Are All Jews and Germans (1997, World Serpent)
Holocaust Hymns (2005, Apop Records)
Kollectiv (2014, La Vida Es un Mus)
References
External links
Crisis fansite
Crisis on Myspace
Crisis on Facebook
Autorotation official site
English punk rock groups
Political music groups
Musical groups from Surrey |
4019380 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Enyeama | Vincent Enyeama | Vincent Enyeama (born 29 August 1982) is a Nigerian former professional footballer who played as a goalkeeper.
He is popularly regarded as one the greatest African Goalkeepers of all time and of his era.
During his senior career, which spanned nearly 20 years, Enyeama played for Ibom Stars, Enyimba, Iwuanyanwu Nationale, Bnei Yehuda, Hapoel Tel Aviv, Lille and Maccabi Tel Aviv. He was also a member of the Nigeria national team from 2002 until October 2015, serving as its captain from 2013 until his retirement from international football in 2015. With 101 caps, he was Nigeria's most capped player until November 2021 when he was surpassed by Ahmed Musa.
Club career
Enyimba International
During his spell with Enyimba International F.C., he won the CAF Champions League twice, with one noteworthy distinction: He was always substituted before penalty shootouts. "I don't know why I was substituted before penalties, but it worked," he said in an interview in 2006. "In Israel I stopped many penalties and now everyone knows that I can handle penalties."
Bnei Yehuda
After three seasons with Enyimba International F.C. and one with Iwuanyanwu Nationale (now known as Heartland F.C.), Enyeama moved to small Israeli club Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv. In his first season, the team qualified for the final of the Israel State Cup and, having finished fourth in the Israeli Premier League, for the 2006 UEFA Cup competition as well.
Hapoel Tel Aviv
Enyeama signed for Hapoel Tel Aviv in 2007. Hapoel endured a poor season in 2007/2008, but Enyeama helped the team avoid relegation and reach the state cup final.
During the 2008–09 season, Enyeama became Hapoel's penalty kicker, won the "Player of The Year" award, and just missed out on leading Hapoel to the league title.
In the 2009–10 season, Hapoel won the league and cup double, with Enyeama featuring prominently. He scored a goal in the Cup Final, but missed a penalty in the last fixture of the year, which Hapoel eventually won by scoring in the 92nd minute, thereby capturing the league title.
On 18 August 2010, he scored his first goal of the 2010–11 season with a penalty against Red Bull Salzburg in the Champions League qualifiers.
Enyeama played well on the Champions League Group Stage, especially against Lyon and Schalke 04. Hapoel also won the Israeli cup again.
Lille
In June 2011 Enyeama moved to French side Lille for an undisclosed fee on a three-year contract. He made his debut on 18 October 2011 against Inter Milan in the 2012 UEFA Champions League group stage, where Inter managed a 1–0 victory.
In August 2012 Enyeama agreed a one-year loan deal with Maccabi Tel Aviv and was presented to the media by Maccabi's Sports Director Jordi Cruyff on 8 August 2012. He appeared in 27 Israeli Premier League fixtures and Maccabi went on to win the championship title.
During the 2013–14 Ligue 1 season, club manager René Girard picked Enyeama as his first-choice goalkeeper ahead of Steeve Elana, who had previously been the first-choice goalkeeper under Rudi Garcia. With the help of his two centre-backs, Marko Baša and Simon Kjær, Enyeama kept 11 consecutive clean sheets in Ligue 1 matches during the first half of the season. On 8 December 2013, Enyeama finally conceded a goal after playing 1,062 minutes of Ligue 1 football in an away match against Bordeaux, during which he was beaten by Landry N'Guémo's deflected strike in the 27th minute. He thus came within 114 minutes of equalling Gaëtan Huard's Ligue 1 goalkeeping record, set in 1993, of playing 1,176 minutes without conceding a goal.
In the 2017–18 season Enyeama did not make a league appearance having been left out of the first team due to "a disagreement between the player and the club's management". He joined the first team's pre-season training in July 2018.
He was released by mutual consent on 31 August 2018. In January 2019 he said he was keen to play again, and in July 2019 he went on trial with French club Dijon. Despite not being offered a contract by Dijon he expressed gratitude to the club. While at the start of the 2019–20 season Enyeama stated that he hoped to find a new club and continue playing, he finally retired after the end of the campaign.
International career
After making his debut for the Nigeria national football team against Kenya in May 2002, Enyeama was selected for the 2002 FIFA World Cup as a cover for Ike Shorunmu. He made his competitive debut in that tournament, keeping a clean sheet against England in the third group match. Since the retirement of Shorunmu, he has been the first-choice goalkeeper for the national team, helping the Super Eagles to third-place finishes in the 2004, 2006, 2010 Africa Cup of Nations tournaments, and captaining the team to victory of in the 2013 edition. He has also participated in the 2010 and 2014 FIFA World Cups, and the 2013 FIFA Confederations Cup.
In the 2006 Africa Cup of Nations, Enyeama stopped three kicks in the quarter-final penalty shootout against Tunisia, but could not prevent a loss to Ivory Coast in the semi-final. In the 2010 tournament, he was again Nigeria's shootout hero at the quarter-final stage, saving from Zambia's Thomas Nyrienda and scoring the winning kick himself.
Enyeama made his second FIFA World Cup appearance in the 2010 tournament in South Africa. He was named man of the match in Nigeria's first game of the tournament, a defiant display that restricted Argentina to a 1–0 win. Enyeama, who was playing his 56th international for the Super Eagles, made six fine saves against the two-time world champions, four of them from Lionel Messi. Argentine coach Diego Maradona praised him as the reason Messi was not able to score a goal. Enyeama was also awarded man of the match in the team's next fixture, a 2–1 loss to Greece, but was at fault for Vasilis Torosidis' winning goal.
At the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations, Enyeama deputised for regular captain Joseph Yobo, who stayed on the bench for most of the competition. On 10 February, Enyeama led Nigeria to its third continental victory, keeping a clean sheet in a 1–0 defeat of Burkina Faso in the 2013 Africa Cup of Nations Final. He was named to the team of the tournament as first choice goalkeeper, conceding only four goals in six matches.
In June 2014, Enyeama was named in Nigeria's squad for the 2014 FIFA World Cup. In the Super Eagles' first fixture, he kept the second FIFA World Cup clean sheet of his career as Nigeria drew 0–0 with Iran. He subsequently recorded a second consecutive shutout in the fixture against Bosnia and Herzegovina, a 1–0 win which gave Nigeria its first win at the tournament since the 1998 edition. He conceded three goals in the last match of the first round against Argentina, a game which ended in a 3–2 defeat for Nigeria, placing them second in the group and thus qualifying them for the second round for the first time in 16 years.
On 26 March 2015, Enyeama won his 100th cap for Nigeria in a 1–0 loss to Uganda. He retired from international football on 8 October 2015.
Personal life
A Christian from Ika Local Government Area of Akwa Ibom State, Enyeama is married and a father of three. In 2004, he was involved in a car accident in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State southern Nigeria, in which two motorcycle passengers were killed. The driver of the car in which Enyeama was travelling was left in critical condition. Despite the severity of the accident, Enyeama suffered only bruises after the car somersaulted twice as it swerved to avoid the motorbike.
Honours
Club
Enyimba International
Nigerian Premier League: 2001, 2002, 2003
CAF Champions League: 2003, 2004
Hapoel Tel-Aviv
Israeli Premier League: 2009–10
Israel State Cup: 2009–10, 2010–11
Maccabi Tel-Aviv
Israeli Premier League: 2012–13
International
Nigeria
Africa Cup of Nations: 2013
Individual
CAF Champions League Player of the Year: 2003, 2004
Footballer of the Year in Israel: 2009
UNFP Player of the Month: October 2013, November 2013
Prix Marc-Vivien Foé: 2014
Goalkeeper of the year Nigeria Pitch Awards: 2013, 2014
King of the pitch Nigeria Pitch Awards: 2014
Goal Nigeria Player of the Year: 2014
IFFHS CAF Men's Team of the Decade 2011–2020
See also
List of men's footballers with 100 or more international caps
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Nigerian Christians
Sportspeople from Kaduna
Nigerian footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Nigeria international footballers
Africa Cup of Nations-winning players
2002 FIFA World Cup players
2004 African Cup of Nations players
2006 Africa Cup of Nations players
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
2013 Africa Cup of Nations players
2013 FIFA Confederations Cup players
2014 FIFA World Cup players
Israeli Premier League players
Ligue 1 players
Enyimba F.C. players
Heartland F.C. players
Bnei Yehuda Tel Aviv F.C. players
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. players
Maccabi Tel Aviv F.C. players
Lille OSC players
FIFA Century Club
Nigerian expatriate footballers
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Expatriate footballers in Israel
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate footballers in France |
4019384 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Sutherland%27s%20Station | Battle of Sutherland's Station | The Battle of Sutherland's Station was an American Civil War conflict fought on April 2, 1865, in Dinwiddie, Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign.
Union columns converged on Petersburg on April 2, pushing through a large section of the Confederate defensive entrenchments. As Robert E. Lee desperately sought to buy time to allow his army to withdraw, Ulysses S. Grant launched several other attacks. Stubborn Confederate resistance at Fort Gregg delayed Grant's progress. Meanwhile, Maj. Gen. Nelson A. Miles's Union division battered Henry Heth's Confederates near Sutherland's Station and drove them off the field. The Confederate defenders were scattered and driven northwestward. With this victory, the Federals possessed the South Side Railroad, Gen. Robert E. Lee's last supply line into Petersburg. However, the lengthy defense of Fort Gregg and Grant's hesitation in aggressively following up on his success at Sutherland's Station permitted Lee to evacuate his army that night.
Battle
Gen. Ulysses S. Grant had besieged Petersburg for ten long months, but as April 1865 opened, the Army of the Potomac under its commander, George G. Meade, was finally in a position to break through the entrenchments of the Army of Northern Virginia. At 4:30 on the morning of April 2 on the Confederate earthworks west of Petersburg. Meade sent forward four Union corps, with the VI Corps succeeding in breaking through the thinly manned Confederate lines. Flushed with success, the Union troops poured through the breach and turned the Southern flanks, eventually gaining control of the entrenchments from Hatcher's Run to Boydton Plank Road.
Robert E. Lee, realizing that the loss of so much of his defensive perimeter had now doomed the city, issued orders to evacuate Petersburg. He sent word to his remaining commanders to hold as long as they could to allow an orderly retreat. Federal troops repeatedly attacked Fort Gregg (held by only 500 Confederate defenders), but failed to quickly seize the vital fort, allowing Lee time to establish an inner defensive line to protect his army's rear as it retired.
Grant turned his attention to the west, where the South Side Railroad had provided a vital last supply line for Lee's beleaguered troops. Maj. Gen. Andrew A. Humphreys's II Corps faced the forces of Maj. Gen. Henry Heth running from Hatcher's Run to White Oak Road. Heth's men constituted the extreme right flank of Lee's army. Nelson Miles's division had been sent to reinforce Philip Sheridan on the Union flank. Not needing the infantry support, Sheridan sent Miles back. Once the VI Corps had broken through, Humphreys was ordered to attack along his front. When the order came for Humphreys to attack, Heth had already begun to fall back to a secondary line. Humphreys only had one division available to attack. Not far from the battlefield of Battle of Five Forks, his only available division easily pushed forward through light resistance and seized a salient in the Confederate line. When Miles' division of three brigades returned, it faced abandoned trenches. Humphreys wanted to immediately move against Heth, but Meade had ordered all the Union infantry to turn and face Petersburg. Humphreys responded by turning to the north, but left Miles behind to deal with Heth.
Miles pursued the retiring Confederates up the Claiborne Road as far as Sutherland's Station (nineteen miles from Petersburg). There, Heth had regrouped four Confederate brigades in an attempt to defend the South Side Railroad, their left flank anchored at Ocran Methodist Church. By now, Heth had learned that Lt. Gen. A. P. Hill had been killed earlier in the day, and now he was in command of the Third Army Corps as its senior division commander. Dodging Federal patrols, he hastened to Petersburg, where he found that Lee had instead decided to disband the corps and give its units to James Longstreet.
At 3:00 p.m., Miles struck north from White Oak Road and launched his initial attack under orders from Grant to follow up on Humphreys's initial breakthrough. Heth's division repulsed two Federal attacks before Miles sent for reinforcements. As had been the case for the II Corps all morning, Humphreys backtracked to Sutherland Station to reinforce Miles. However, Miles launched a third assault and Heth's weary Confederates finally buckled, then broke. John R. Cooke's brigade stubbornly held up the Federals as the remainder of Heth's troops headed west. Miles's victorious men pushed ahead and captured nearly 1,000 prisoners and 2 artillery pieces. In the meantime, Grant had delayed the final attack on Fort Gregg while he awaited news regarding Miles' outcome, another delay that helped Lee evacuate more troops from Petersburg. By the time that the fort finally fell, Lee had bought enough time to successfully extricate the vast majority of his army.
In the savage fighting around Sutherland's Station, Miles reported 370 casualties, while the Confederates lost approximately 600 men killed or wounded, plus 1,000 taken as prisoners of war. Humphreys's II Corps had been made to wander back and forth all morning and the general later contended that, had his whole corps been allowed to move against the Confederates, Heth's whole command would have been destroyed.
References
Sources
Marvel, William, Lee's Last Retreat: The Flight to Appomattox, The University of North Carolina Press, 2002. .
National Park Service description
CWSAC Report Update
Sutherland's Station
Sutherland's Station
Sutherland's Station
Sutherland's Station
Sutherland's Station
1865 in the American Civil War
1865 in Virginia
April 1865 events |
4019388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gintaras%20Krapikas | Gintaras Krapikas | Gintaras "Vytas" Krapikas (born July 6, 1961 in Kretinga, Lithuanian SSR, USSR) is a Lithuanian professional basketball coach and a former international player. He was the head coach for the Nanjing Monkey Kings of the Chinese Basketball Association (CBA). He was a member of the Lithuania national basketball team that won a bronze medal in Barcelona's 1992 Summer Olympics. He currently serves as an assistant coach of Žalgiris Kaunas
Playing career
During the 1980s, while playing for Žalgiris, Krapikas' jersey number was 9, and his position was small forward.
Coaching career
In 2000, Krapikas took a position as assistant basketball coach for Žalgiris Kaunas; together with the head coach, Antanas Sireika, he stepped down from this position in 2006, when the coaching team was re-organized. From 2002 to 2005, he was an assistant coach for the Lithuanian national team. From 2006 until 2008, he was an assistant basketball coach for UNICS Kazan.
In 2008, he was the head coach of Žalgiris Kaunas, to very little success, and on December 18, 2009, he resigned from Žalgiris Kaunas' head coach post. He also coached Nevėžis for a short time in the 2010-2011 season, and was the assistant and head coach for Azovmash in 2011-2012. He returned to UNICS Kazan in 2012. Before the 2013-2014 season, he came back to Žalgiris Kaunas as an assistant coach. He became head coach in April. This time, he was much more success - under Krapikas, Žalgiris played great defence - and had a solid season in the Euroleague in 2014-2015, making the Top16 phase. Žalgiris also won the LKF Cup in 2015, as well as the 2014 and 2015 LKL titles. The team dominated in matches with biggest rival BC Lietuvos rytas. By the 2015-2016 season, however, the magic had worn off - the results were poor, especially in the Euroleague, and Krapikas resigned under much pressure in January, 2016. He was replaced by Šarūnas Jasikevičius.
Awards and achievements
USSR League Champion - 1985, 1986, 1987
Intercontinental W. Jones Cup winner - 1986
Olympic Bronze medalist - 1992
European championship Silver medalist - 1995
Nickname
Gintaras Krapikas has an old nickname, which appeared during his tenure with Kaunas Žalgiris as a player. The nickname appeared due to his second name "Krapikas", which is a little bit similar to Lithuanian word "Krapai" (English: Dill) and at that time, there was a famous dill farmer, Vytas, from Petrašiūnai.
References
. Gintaras Krapikas. Lietuvos Krepšinio Lyga.
. G. Krapikas: „Žalgiris“ – mano gyvenimas. Balsas.lt.
External links
Coach Profile at EuroLeague.net
1961 births
Living people
Basketball players at the 1992 Summer Olympics
BC Žalgiris players
BC Žalgiris coaches
Lithuanian basketball coaches
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in China
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Russia
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
Lithuanian men's basketball players
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic basketball players of Lithuania
Olympic bronze medalists for Lithuania
Olympic medalists in basketball
Small forwards
Soviet men's basketball players
Sportspeople from Kretinga |
4019394 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Theosophist | The Theosophist | The Theosophist is the monthly journal of the international Theosophical Society based in Adyar, India. It was founded in India in 1879 by Helena Blavatsky, who was also its editor. The journal is still being published till date. For the year 1930, the journal was published in Hollywood, California by Annie Besant and Marie Russak Hotchener, but it returned to Adyar in 1931. The journal features articles about philosophy, art, literature and occultism.
The Theosophical Society
The Theosophical Society was officially formed in New York City, United States, on 17 November 1875 by Helena Petrovna Blavatsky, Colonel Henry Steel Olcott, William Quan Judge, and others. The society's initial objective was the "study and elucidation of Occultism, the Cabala etc."
It established its roots in India in 1879, winning its supporters by its portrayal of sympathy for the native population, by its enthusiasm for the Aryan philosophy, and by its strange dogmas and obscure beliefs. The main objectives of the society were to establish British India as a center of the Universal Brotherhood of Humanity, to study the Aryan culture and to explore the hidden mysteries and inherent powers in men.
The first centre was established in Bombay, but the society soon installed a network of branches throughout India, and its journal, The Theosophist, was circulated extensively throughout the three Presidencies.
History
Due to its widespread circulation, The Theosophist has been heavily linked with the politics of British India. Despite not explicitly stating any political agendas as of yet, it has been associated with the formation of Congress.
According to the later account of Annie Besant, it was discovered that the decision to convene the first Congress in Madras was taken on the recommendation of the Theosophical Society after its convention of December 1884. The success of the periodical publications of the journal has been identified as an encouragement for many of the Indian leaders to experiment by forming an Indian political congress.
Until 1909, The Theosophist was printed by Messrs. Thompson & Co., Printers, in Madras (now Chennai). The journey between headquarters in Adyar and the printer in Madras was troublesome as it involved a jolting carriage ride that could take an hour each way. Colonel Olcott wished to have a printing company at Adyar for the journal and other publications, but that did not occur until 1909, when the Vasanṭā Press was established under the presidency of Annie Besant. Hand-powered equipment was used for printing initially. In October 1911, a larger type was introduced for improved legibility. The number of copies printed grew from 400 in the first issue to 800 in 1909 and 4000 two years later.
In 1936, President George S. Arundale reshaped the journal into being more of a magazine for a general readership. He appointed an American Editorial Committee that was associated with the Editorial Board at Adyar. The three members were Fritz Kunz, Professor H. Douglas Wild, and Claude Bragdon. The announcement stated:
"Beginning with January, 1936, The Theosophist will be edited as far as possible in the interest of the general public, publishing articles which will relate religion, science, philosophy, psychology, politics, industry, etc., to the science of Theosophy in a manner calculated to arouse the interest of the public. The Theosophical World, an enlargement of Adyar News, will keep members in touch with the Society's special affairs and growth.
The American Editorial Committee has been requested to cooperate in the publication of The Theosophist through personal contributions, through gathering contributions from other qualified writers, and also, if possible, by making arrangements for advertisements."
See also
How Theosophy Came to Me
Lucifer magazine
"What Are The Theosophists?"
"What Is Theosophy?"
References
Further reading
The Theosophist, website at Theosophical Society, Adyar
The Theosophist: October 1879 until September 1880 online
The Theosophist publications till date overview
The Theosophist volume 1-17 online
Helena Blavatsky
Visual arts magazines published in India
Mythology magazines
Magazines established in 1879
Theosophy
Theosophical Society
Magazines published in California
Western esoteric magazines |
4019400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/18%20Stafford%20Terrace | 18 Stafford Terrace | 18 Stafford Terrace, formerly known as Linley Sambourne House, was the home of the Punch illustrator Edward Linley Sambourne (1844–1910) in Kensington, London. The house, now Grade II* listed, is currently open to the public as a museum.
18 Stafford Terrace was an almost new townhouse when the Sambournes moved in, in 1875. It was Linley Sambourne who set about re-decorating the house in the Aesthetic style. Today the house is a fine example of middle-class Aestheticism; its influences can still be seen permeating throughout the house, from decorative Sunflower motifs in the stained glass windows to the fine selection of William Morris wallpapers that hang within the rooms through to the displayed collection of blue-and-white Chinese import porcelain.
Legacy
Linley Sambourne died in 1910 but it was not until his wife Marion's death four years later that the house passed to their bachelor son Roy. Roy kept the house's interior largely unchanged until his own death in 1946. The house then passed to Roy's sister Maud Messel. Maud already had a large London residence therefore 18 Stafford remained mostly unoccupied and unchanged. In the years leading up to Maud's death in 1960, the house had become increasingly fascinating to her daughter Anne, Countess of Rosse. This fascination led to Anne proposing the foundation of the Victorian Society in 1957, and in turn the continued preservation of the house largely as it had been lived in by Linley.
Lady Rosse negotiated the sale of the house to the Greater London Council and the lease to the Victorian Society in 1980; the house was then opened to the public as a museum which included the furniture, art, and decorative schemes retained from its original inhabitants, Linley Sambourne and his household. Following the demise of the Greater London Council the ownership of the house transferred to the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea in 1989. The Royal Borough continued to work with the Victorian Society until 2000, when the lease to the Victorian Society was not renewed.
Sambourne family archive
The archive is made up of personal papers relating to Edward Linley Sambourne, members of his family and their home at 18 Stafford Terrace. Dating from 1815 to the present day it includes diaries, letters, legal and financial papers, photographs and ephemera which give insights into both Sambourne's professional and middle-class family life in the later Victorian/Edwardian period. The archive is held at Leighton House Museum.
In film
18 Stafford Terrace served as the set for the interiors of Mrs. Vyse's London home in the Merchant Ivory film A Room with a View.
Roy's room served as a set for Maurice.
The house has featured in Arthur & George (2015) a three-part British television drama based on the book of the same name by Julian Barnes.
Seen in Life in Squares (2015) a three-part British television drama series that centers on the lives and loves of the extraordinary Bloomsbury Group.
References
Bibliography
External links
Houses in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Biographical museums in London
Museums in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea
Historic house museums in London
Cartooning museums
Mass media museums in the United Kingdom
Grade II* listed buildings in the Royal Borough of Kensington and Chelsea |
4019406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieven%20Bauwens | Lieven Bauwens | Lieven Bauwens (14 June 1769, in Ghent – 17 March 1822, in Paris) was a Belgian entrepreneur and industrial spy who was sent to Great Britain at a young age and brought a spinning mule and skilled workers to the European continent.
He started textile plants in Paris (1799) and Ghent (1800). In Ghent he was also mayor for one year. As a leading industrial, he was visited by Napoleon in 1810 and awarded the Legion d'Honneur.
He is remembered in Flanders for bringing the textile industry, and thereby the Industrial Revolution, there.
The spinning mule that was brought to Ghent can still be visited, in the Industrial Museum .
See also
William Cockerill
References
External links
Industrial Museum
1769 births
1822 deaths
19th-century Belgian engineers
Belgian expatriates in the United Kingdom
Businesspeople from Ghent
People of the Industrial Revolution
Textile workers
Mayors of Ghent |
4019422 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Job%20queue | Job queue | In system software, a job queue ( batch queue, input queue), is a data structure maintained by job scheduler software containing jobs to run.
Users submit their programs that they want executed, "jobs", to the queue for batch processing.
The scheduler software maintains the queue as the pool of jobs available for it to run.
Multiple batch queues might be used by the scheduler to differentiate types of jobs
depending on parameters such as:
job priority
estimated execution time
resource requirements
The use of a batch queue gives these benefits:
sharing of computer resources among many users
time-shifts job processing to when the computer is less busy
avoids idling the compute resources without minute-by-minute human supervision
allows around-the-clock high utilization of expensive computing resources
Any process that comes to the CPU should wait in a queue.
See also
Command pattern
Command queue
Job scheduler
Priority queue
Task queue
Job scheduling |
4019429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%96rjans%20Vall | Örjans Vall | Örjans Vall is a football stadium in Halmstad, Sweden, built in 1922.
History
The stadium was originally named Halmstads Idrottsplats (eng: Halmstad's Sports Ground), and was inaugurated by the Crown Prince of Sweden Gustaf Adolf, later king of Sweden, on 30 July 1922. 12,000 people had been allowed entrance to see the opening, several thousands more had gathered outside the fence and on Galgberget. In August 1922 the name of the arena changed to Örjans Vall after a medieval hospital by the name of S:t Örjans that had earlier been on the same location. On 3 September 1922 the first football game was played there. Örjans Vall has been used for many different sports over the years, the football field was surrounded by running tracks, until the 1980s, and was the main site for the local athletic clubs. In the winter of 1956, due to very cold weather, the running tracks were covered with water freezing into a skating rink, Sigvard "Sigge" Ericsson, who had won one gold and one silver medal in the recent 1956 Winter Olympics, participated.
In 1972 the present day main-stand and scoreboard was completed, replacing the original wooden constructions from 1922.
The record for most spectators during a match is held by IS Halmia, in 1962 when Halmia played a qualification match against Landskrona BoIS, 20,381 spectators turned up to see the match.
In 2004 when Gyllene Tider celebrated 25 years, by starting and ending their national tour on Örjans Vall.
International tournaments
Örjans Vall have been used for a number of different international tournaments held in Sweden.
FIFA World Cup
Sweden was selected to host the 1958 FIFA World Cup, among the cities chosen to host the World Cup was Halmstad. Örjans Vall came to host two games of Group 1.
UEFA Under-21 European Championship
The 2009 U21 European Championship, which was played in Sweden, was originally meant to be played at Gamla Ullevi in Gothenburg, Olympia in Helsingborg, Swedbank Stadion in Malmö, and Borås Arena in Borås, however Borås Arena have a Max Hamburgers restaurant on the arena area, which caused legal problem since the tournament is sponsored by McDonald's, for some time it appeared that the Max restaurant would be closed during the tournament, however Max refused later to close its restaurant and the competition was forced to move elsewhere and Örjans Vall in Halmstad was chosen as replacement for Borås.
Örjans Vall was used for 3 games in the tournament in group B.
UEFA Women's Euro
Örjans Vall was selected as one of seven stadiums to host the UEFA Women's Euro 2013 held in Sweden. The stadium was host to three group stage matches in the Group A and one of the quarter-finals.
Group A
Quarter-Final
Demand for a new stadium
In recent years HBK supporters have started to demand a new stadium, as the club have reached international competitions, but are not allowed to play on Örjans Vall due to security restrictions, they have instead been forced to play at Ullevi in Göteborg or Olympia in Helsingborg.
Temporary 2008 chairman Birgitta Johansson stated that a new stadium should be ready at the earliest in 2011–2012.
In September 2008 a decision to build a new stadium was reached by the local authorities, the new stadium would be placed at Sannarp's recreation ground and Örjans Vall will be demolished and replaced by apartments, the new arena is planned to be complete 2012, however on 5 May 2009 it was announced that there would not be a new arena as the Alliance city council announced its budget proposition.
References
External links
Halmstads BK article
Articles and events regarding a new stadium
Football venues in Sweden
Sport in Halmstad
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Buildings and structures completed in 1922
Buildings and structures in Halland County
UEFA Women's Euro 2013 venues |
4019439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20D.%20Howard | John D. Howard | John D. Howard is CEO of Irving Place Capital (formerly Bear Stearns Merchant Banking) and was senior managing director of Bear Stearns. He is the manager of the $3 billion Bear Stearns Merchant Banking Fund III. Howard has more than 20 years of experience in the private equity business.
Prior to joining Bear Stearns in 1997 to found Bear Stearns Merchant Banking, Howard was co-chief executive officer of Vestar Capital Partners, a private equity firm specializing in management buyouts. From 1985 to 1990, he was a senior vice president and partner of Wesray Capital Corporation, one of the foremost private equity sponsors and a pioneer in the leveraged buyout business.
Howard is a director of Aearo Corporation, Aeropostale, Balducci's, Integrated Circuit Systems, New York & Company, and The Vitamin Shoppe. He has also been on the board of directors and executive committees of many firms, including Avis, Electrolux Corporation, and Wilson Sporting Goods.
Howard holds an MBA from Yale School of Management and a BA from Trinity College.
References
John D. Howard bio at Yale
American corporate directors
American money managers
Bear Stearns
Living people
Private equity and venture capital investors
Trinity College (Connecticut) alumni
Yale School of Management alumni
American chief executives of financial services companies
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4019446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workers%27%20Party%20of%20Hungary%202006%20-%20European%20Left | Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 - European Left | The Workers' Party of Hungary 2006 - European Left (), shortly European Left is a political party in Hungary. It was created in mid-November 2005 from the internal opposition of the Hungarian Workers' Party (then the Hungarian Communist Workers' Party). Its leader is János Fratanolo.
Its request to become a member of the Party of the European Left was accepted by the EL Executive Board, during the meeting held in Geneva from 23 to 25 October 2009.
History
On 8 September 2016, Táncsics – Radical Left Party (then known as the Left Party) announced on its website that the two parties will cooperate in preparation for the 2018 parliamentary election.
In early 2022 Social Democratic Party of Hungary announced on its website that the two parties will cooperate in preparation for the 2022 parliamentary election. Joining forces, the two parties did not manage to stand a single official candidate in the election according to the official website of the election office valasztas.hu. Also in 2022 People' Front announced that they will join Európai Baloldal but will continue as political organization.
See also
Green Left (Hungary)
References
External links
A Mi Időnk
Facebook page
2005 establishments in Hungary
Communist parties in Hungary
Party of the European Left member parties
Political parties established in 2005
Left-wing politics in Hungary
Left-wing parties |
4019447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ens%2C%20Netherlands | Ens, Netherlands | Ens is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about 10 km southeast of Emmeloord.
In 2019, Ens had 3,065 inhabitants. The built-up area of the village was 0.57 km², and contained 846 residences.
History
The village was first mentioned in 1950 as Ense. It is named after a flooded village on the island of Schokland. The name probably means "duck lake".
On 10 November 1941, the first barracks were placed in Ens for the poldering of the Noordoostpolder. Ens was founded in 1948 as one of the new settlements. The plan of the village by was approved in 1949. The central core is a green axis with the church on the east side, a pub-restaurant on the west side and shops on the northern and southern side.
In 1948, wooden houses were bought in Austria as temporary housing, however they are still in use. The same, a little wooden Catholic chapel was built, and is still standing beside the Our Lady of Perpetual Help Church. The church is nowadays in use as a library and neighbourhood centre.
There is a white watchtower near the N50 road. It was built between 1956 and 1957 for recreational purposes.
Public transportation
There is no railway station in Ens, but the nearest station is Kampen. There is a regular bus service 141 (Zwolle - Kampen - Ens - Emmeloord - Urk).
Gallery
References
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
1948 establishments in the Netherlands |
4019451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creil%2C%20Netherlands | Creil, Netherlands | Creil is one of the ten so-called green villages (Dutch: groendorpen) in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about 6 km northwest of Emmeloord.
Name
The name Creil comes from the name of a former village that was once on the coast of the Zuiderzee, which was in turn named after the Creil Woods that was once located northeast of North-Holland, in what is now the IJsselmeer, roughly between Texel and Enkhuizen.
History
Modern Creil was designed by the Board of the Wieringermeer, one of whose jobs was to design and oversee the construction of the settlements in the newly created polders, construction of the town started in 1953.
Facilities
In 2004, a building formerly belonging to the Catholic church in the centre of Creil was restructured into a service centre called The Saalicon. It houses a pharmacy, clinic, hair salon, centre for the elderly and several art exhibitions of local artists.
Creil is home to three elementary schools, the Catholic Jan Roothaan-school, the public elementary school De Springplank and the Christian elementary school De Regenboog. These schools share the same building and share many public facilities such as the schoolyard and the gymnastics hall.
The land surrounding Creil is home to large amounts of bulb cultivation, and every spring the village organises the Bloembollen Vakdagen Flevoland, a competition between local bulbflower growers.
Creil is home to a football club, SC Creil, and houses a Protestant church.
Transportation
Creil has a bus connection, Line 77, which connects Creil with other villages in the Noordoostpolder.
Line 77: Lemmer - Rutten - Creil - Espel - Emmeloord vv.
The line makes three stops on three bus stations in Creil, namely the Klutenpad, Creil and Wrakkenpad stations.
Despite being close in proximity, there is no direct bus line to Bant.
Creil is connected by road via the provincial roads N712, which runs through the town, and N715.
These provincial roads form the main road connection with other towns in the area and subsequently with the larger motorway and highway network.
The N712 runs through Creil from the southwest to the northeast, connecting to Espel in the southwest and to Rutten in the northeast. The N715 branches off just to the northeast of Creil and connects Bant to the east.
Creil has no rail connection; the nearest train stations are in Kampen, Meppel, Zwolle, Dronten and Lelystad.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
1953 establishments in the Netherlands |
4019454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Far%20East%20Suite | Far East Suite | Far East Suite is a 1967 concept album by American jazz musician Duke Ellington, inspired by his group's tour of Asia. Ellington and longtime collaborator Billy Strayhorn wrote the compositions.
Strayhorn died in May 1967, making Far East Suite one of the last albums recorded during his life to feature his compositions. The album won the Grammy Award in 1968 for Best Instrumental Jazz Performance – Large Group or Soloist with Large Group.
The album was reissued in 1995 with four previously unreleased alternate takes. In 2003, Bluebird Records issued the album on CD with additional bonus takes.
Background
The album's title is something of a misnomer. As critics Richard Cook and Brian Morton wrote "it really should have been The Near East Suite." Strictly speaking, only one track – "Ad Lib on Nippon", inspired by a 1964 tour of Japan – is concerned with a country in the "Far East". The rest of the music on the album was inspired by a world tour undertaken by Ellington and his orchestra in 1963, which included performances in Damascus, Amman, Ramall'ah, Kabul, New Delhi, Hyderabad, Bangalore (now Bengaluru), Madras (now Chennai), Bombay (now Mumbai), Calcutta (now Kolkata), Columbo, Kandy, Dacca (now Dhaka), Lahore, Karachi, Tehran, Isfahan, Abadan, Baghdad, and Beirut. The band arrived in Ankara but U.S. President John F. Kennedy was assassinated the day before its concert, and the State Department cancelled the tour. Scheduled performances in Istanbul, Nicosia, Cairo, Alexandria, Athens, Thessaloniki, and a week added to the tour for Yugoslavia were cancelled.
In early 1964, while on tour in England, Ellington and Strayhorn performed four pieces of music for the first time ("Mynah", "Depk", "Agra", and "Amad"), which they called "Expressions of the Far East". By the time of the recording sessions in December 1966 Ellington and Strayhorn had added four more pieces. One, the latter's "Isfahan" was formerly known as "Elf", and had in fact been written months prior to the 1963 tour.
Legacy
Ellington very rarely performed the pieces that made up The Far East Suite. Cook and Morton have suggested that "Isfahan", which later became a jazz standard, "is arguably the most beautiful item in Ellington's and Strayhorn's entire output." The album had a big impact on the Asian American jazz movement. In 1999, Anthony Brown recorded the entire suite with his Asian-American Orchestra. Unlike the 1967 album, Brown's version used Eastern instruments along with standard jazz instruments.
Reception
Cook and Morton, writing for The Penguin Guide to Jazz, give the album a four-star rating (of a possible four), noting that "Ellington's ability to communicate points of contact and conflict between cultures, assimilating the blues to Eastern modes in tracks like 'Blue Pepper (Far East of the Blues),' never sounds unduly self-conscious. This remains a postwar peak." Scott Yanow, writing for Allmusic, calls this one of Ellington's "more memorable recordings," describing it as an example of "Ellington and Strayhorn in their late prime," and as such, "quite essential."
Participating in Down Beat' s Blindfold Test shortly after the album's release, composer-arranger Clare Fischer was played track #7, "Agra." A longtime admirer and student of Ellington's work, Fischer had no trouble identifying the artist, awarding the track five stars, citing both "Duke's immensely creative writing" and his inexplicable ability to transcend "this same old tired instrumentation of trumpets, trombones and saxophones," while "perfect[ly] utilizing the men's specific sounds." In addition, Fischer praised Ellington's ability to "take an exotic-sounding idea and create something – you might call it sophisticated crudity. It gives both qualities that I look for – an earthy quality and the sophisticated quality."
Track listing
(All compositions by Ellington & Strayhorn except 9. by Ellington.)
"Tourist Point of View" – 5:09
"Bluebird of Delhi (Mynah)" – 3:18
"Isfahan" – 4:02
"Depk" – 2:38
"Mount Harissa" – 7:40
"Blue Pepper (Far East of the Blues)" – 3:00
"Agra" – 2:35
"Amad" – 4:26
"Ad Lib on Nippon" – 11:34
1995 reissue bonus tracks
"Tourist Point of View" (alternative take) – 4:58
"Bluebird of Delhi (Mynah)" (alternative take) – 3:08
"Isfahan" (alternative take) – 4:11
"Amad" (alternative take) – 4:15
Personnel
Duke Ellington – piano
Mercer Ellington – trumpet, flugelhorn
Herbie Jones – trumpet, flugelhorn
William "Cat" Anderson – trumpet
Cootie Williams – trumpet
Lawrence Brown – trombone
Buster Cooper – trombone
Chuck Connors – trombone
Johnny Hodges – alto saxophone
Russell Procope – alto saxophone, clarinet
Jimmy Hamilton – tenor saxophone, clarinet
Paul Gonsalves – tenor saxophone
Harry Carney – baritone saxophone
John Lamb – double bass
Rufus Jones – drums
References
1967 albums
Big band albums
Orchestral jazz albums
Swing albums
Duke Ellington albums
Bluebird Records albums
RCA Records albums
Grammy Award for Best Large Jazz Ensemble Album |
4019463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swifterbant | Swifterbant | Swifterbant () is a town in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Dronten, and lies about 13 km northeast of Lelystad.
On 1 January 2014, Swifterbant had 6475 inhabitants. The built-up area of the town was , and contained 2350 residences.
Archaeology
The town also gave its name to a neolithic Swifterbant culture dated to between 5300 and 3400 BC, before the Roman Warm Period and follow-on Dunkirk transgressions.
References
External links
Populated places in Flevoland
Dronten |
4019467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nya%20Parken | Nya Parken | Nya Parken, formerly known as Norrköpings Idrottspark, also known as PlatinumCars Arena for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose stadium in Norrköping, Sweden. It opened on 25 September 1903 and is currently used mostly for football matches. It is the home arena for IFK Norrköping, IK Sleipner and for IF Sylvia. The stadium had a capacity of 19,414 people until 2008–09 when the arena was re-built.
Construction began on 27 April 1903, and inauguration occurred on 25 September the same year, during the Norrköping Sports Association's Sport Festival. During the 1958 FIFA World Cup, it hosted some group stage matches. During the Euro 1992, it hosted CIS – Germany (1–1), Scotland – Germany (0–2) and Scotland – CIS (3–0), all in Group B.
In 2008–2009 the arena was rebuilt. The arena now uses Artificial grass and the capacity has decreased from 19,414 to 17,234 spectators. The new arena hosts 16 VIP booths, VIP seating for 515 spectators, three bars, two restaurants and small indoor training arena called "Teknikhallen". IFK Norrköping took over the ownership of the arena in 2010 from the city council of Norrköping in a 308.5 million SEK purchase. From its opening in 1903 until its renovation in 2009, the arena had been known as Norrköpings Idrottspark, but after the renovation the name was changed to Nya Parken.
In 2016, the arena changed name for the third time in its history. This time to Östgötaporten, after the naming rights was sold to a real estate company.
References
External links
Östgötaporten - Nordic Stadiums
Football venues in Sweden
Sport in Norrköping
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Sweden
IFK Norrköping
UEFA Euro 1992 stadiums
Buildings and structures in Östergötland County
UEFA Women's Euro 2013 venues
Sports venues completed in 1903
1903 establishments in Sweden |
4019469 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roberts%20Commissions | Roberts Commissions | The Roberts Commission is one of two presidentially-appointed commissions. One related to the circumstances of the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor, and another related to the protection of cultural resources during and after World War II. Both were chaired by Supreme Court Justice Owen Josephus Roberts.
First Roberts Commission
The first Roberts Commission was a presidentially-appointed commission formed in December 1941, shortly after the attack on Pearl Harbor by the Japanese, to investigate and report the facts relating to the attack. The commission was headed by US Supreme Court Associate Justice Owen Roberts and so it was known as the Roberts Commission. The commission found the commanders of Pearl Harbor, Admiral Husband Kimmel and General Walter Short, guilty of "dereliction of duty." It exonerated Hawaiian Air Force commander, Major General Frederick L. Martin who had also been relieved of command immediately following the attack and his Navy counterpart Patrick N. L. Bellinger (who had not been relieved) with the simple statement “subordinate commanders executed their superiors’ orders without question. They were not responsible for the state of readiness prescribed.” The Commission presented its findings to Congress January 28, 1942. Members of the commission besides Justice Roberts were Adm. William H. Standley, Adm. Joseph M. Reeves, Gen. Frank R. McCoy, and Gen. Joseph T. McNarney. The commission was a fact-finding commission, not a court-martial for either Short or Kimmel.
Some claimed that the report also concluded that both Japanese diplomats and persons of Japanese ancestry had engaged in widespread espionage leading up to the attack, and used this to justify Japanese American incarceration. One passage made vague reference to "Japanese consular agents and other... persons having no open relations with the Japanese foreign service" transmitting information to Japan. However, it was unlikely that these "spies" were Japanese American, as Japanese intelligence agents were distrustful of their American counterparts and preferred to recruit "white persons and Negroes". Despite the fact that the report made no mention of Americans of Japanese ancestry, the media, as well as politicians like California Governor Culbert L. Olson, nevertheless used it to vilify Japanese Americans and inflame public opinion against them.
Second Roberts Commission
The second Roberts Commission, also presidential-appointed is also known after its chairman, again Supreme Court Justice Owen Roberts. It was created to help the US Army protect works of cultural value in Allied-occupied areas of Europe. Its formal name was the American Commission for the Protection and Salvage of Artistic and Historic Monuments in War Areas. The commission also developed inventories of Nazi-appropriated property. Along with the US Military program known as Monuments, Fine Arts, and Archives (MFAA), the commission worked to rescue and preserve items of cultural significance. The commission took place from 1943 to 1946.
References
External links
First Roberts Commission: http://www.ibiblio.org/pha/pha/roberts/roberts.html; see also Chapter Two, "The Politics of Infamy: The Roberts Commission and Pearl Harbor," in Kenneth Kitts, *Presidential Commissions and National Security (Boulder: Lynne Rienner Publishers, 2006).
Second Roberts Commission: http://www.lexisnexis.com/academic/2upa/Iherc/robertsc_pf.asp
Attack on Pearl Harbor
1941 establishments in the United States
United States Presidential Commissions
Art and cultural repatriation after World War II
Internment of Japanese Americans
1943 establishments in the United States |
4019471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arosvallen | Arosvallen | Arosvallen is a multi-use stadium in Västerås, Sweden. It is mostly used for soccer, though it is also the home stadium for the Division 1 American football team Västerås Roedeers.
The stadium hosted two 1958 FIFA World Cup games, Yugoslavia - Scotland and Yugoslavia - France. It also hosted four group matches, a quarterfinal, and a semifinal in the 1995 FIFA Women's World Cup.
On 18 February 1934, Arosvallen set an attendance record for the Swedish men's top bandy division, with 11,231 spectators watching Västerås SK–IFK Uppsala (1–5).
References
Football venues in Sweden
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
1995 FIFA Women's World Cup stadiums
Sport in Västerås
Sports venues completed in 1931
1931 establishments in Sweden |
4019480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant | Bant | Bant is one of the so-called green villages (Dutch: groendorpen) in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about 7 km north of Emmeloord.
Name
The name Bant is derived from the estates of Bant or Bantega, which at one point existed in what is now the municipality of Lemsterland, and extended into the area that is now the Noordoostpolder.
History
Prison camp
After World War II, before the founding of Bant, the site was used as a prisoner camp for Nazi-collaborators under the name Kamp Westvaart. The camp was accommodated with watchtowers and armed guards. Several prominent collaborators served sentences in the camp. Jan Gunnink, former head of the KP-Meppel, a prominent resistance movement during the war, served as camp commander.
The camp was subject of a social experiment, in which prisoners were offered a contract in which they declared they would not resist and fight in exchange for free movement within the camp. Every prisoner signed the contract. The experiment was later cancelled, but because every prisoner kept to their promises, they were set free. Remaining sentences were instead served out as regular labourer.
Founding
Modern Bant was designed by the board of the Wieringermmer, one of whose jobs was to design and oversee the construction of ten settlements in the Noordoostpolder around the town of Emmeloord. Bant was thus founded in 1951 to the north of Emmeloord, which was founded in 1943, in land reclaimed from the IJsselmeer.
Recent history
In 1998, part of the children's movie The Flying Liftboy, known in Dutch as Abeltje was shot in the town. The town's formerly reformed church, not the Bantsiliek, served as an important piece of decor behind the department store in which the protagonist worked as an elevator boy. In an important scene, the elevator is sent flying out of the elevator shaft, and the church features prominently. The church building has since been sold to a private owner.
Bant celebrated its 60th anniversary in 2011.
Facilities
Bantsiliek
In 1955, a Catholic church was built in Bant, and was given the name Bantsiliek, a portmanteau of Bant and basiliek, the Dutch word for basilica. The church was dedicated to Ludger. At first the church was part of to the Diocese of Utrecht, but was later transferred to the Diocese of Groningen. As the population growth in Bant fell behind expectations, the parish was merged with the parishes in Creil, dedicated to Nicholas, and Rutten, dedicated to Servatius in 1991. The new parish was named "The Good Shepherd" (Dutch: De Goede Herder). In 2001 the churches in Bant and Creil were shut down due to falling numbers of churchgoers. Their inventories were largely incorporated in the church in Rutten.
After 2001, the church building was re-purposed as the new location of the municipal initiative Samen op Weg, which aimed to unite the various Dutch Protestant churches and house them together in the same church building. The other church buildings were sold and the main hall of the Bantsiliek was divided in two, a church hall and a reception area. The chapel dedicated to Maria remained as a place of silence. Large parts of the church have been modified and the church was ready for use on Saturday 27 November 2004, and was officially commissioned on Sunday 23 January 2005.
In 2009, the church, designed by Antonius Vosman Junior, took part in the finals round of "The Most Beautiful Church of the Netherlands" (Dutch: De Mooiste Kerk van Nederland) of the NCRV radio-programme Plaza. The church received the most votes, but the jury elected the Sint-Willibrordusbasiliek in Hulst as winner instead.
Others
Bant is also home to two elementary schools, a sporting club, a holiday park, a small industrial area, a driving school and a supermarket, as well as several bars and restaurants. Every five year, Bant is the scene of a major town feast.
Transportation
Bant lays on the crossroads of the provincial roads N715 and N718, the latter of which ends in Bant and extends north beyond Bant as the Lemsterweg. The N715 leads to Creil in the west, and an on-ramp onto the nearby A6 motorway, beyond which it connects to Kuinre via the N351, and Luttelgeest. The N718 due south runs parallel to the A6 and leads to Emmeloord. Taking the Lemsterweg north leads to Lemmer, and also provides access to Rutten.
Bant has no railway station. The nearest stations are Kampen railway station in Kampen, Steenwijk railway station in Steenwijk and Lelystad Centrum railway station in Lelystad.
Bant is, however, connected by bus. The following bus line services Bant:
References
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
Populated places established in 1951 |
4019482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Espel | Espel | Espel is one of the so-called green villages (Dutch: groendorpen) in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It lies in the municipality of Noordoostpolder next to a crossroads where provincial road N712 from Urk to Lemmer intersects with road N714 to Emmeloord, roughly 6 km to the east.
Name
Espel is named after the former village of Espelbergh, also known as Espelo, which was situated north of Urk until it and a large amount of nearby land were washed away in the All Saints' Flood of 1570.
History
Espel was founded in 1956 as an agricultural settlement and one of the green villages spread around the Noordoostpolder. Shortly after being founded Espel was granted several facilities, namely shops, three schools, two churches and two cafeterias.
Facilities
General facilities
Today Espel features its own church, a school, a cafeteria with restaurant and bowling centre, and athletic fields for the local football club, FC Espel.
In 2002 the last supermarket in the village shut down, and in 2009 the last shop closed its doors as well. In 2011, by public initiative, a new supermarket called the Troefmarkt was opened by an entrepreneur from Lelystad. In 2014 the store was bought by a different entrepreneur from the nearby Tollebeek, and was added to his chain of Attent supermarkets.
Church
The local church, the Una Sancta, was built from 1959 to 1962, relatively shortly after the founding of Espel and is operated by the Protestant Church in the Netherlands, abbreviated as PKN, a 2004 merger of many former Protestant churches. The modern white cylindrical church tower especially stands out in its unique style.
From 1960 to 1961 a second, Catholic church was built in the village. It was named Kerk van de Verrijzenis des Heren, which translates to Church of the Rising of the Lord. It is no longer in use.
Surrounding countryside
The area around Espel is an important area in the cultivation of bulbous flowers, mainly but not exclusively tulips. Each spring a walking and cycling route is laid out along the blooming fields.
To the west of Espel, along the dyke that forms the coast with the IJsselmeer, is Windpark Noordoostpolder, a partially on-shore, partially off-shore wind farm. It opened in June 2016 and is the largest wind farm of its kind in the Netherlands. The windpark will feature a total of 86 wind turbines upon completion in 2017.
Public transportation
Espel has a bus connection operated by Connexxion, Line 77, which connects Espel with other villages in the Noordoostpolder.
Line 77: Lemmer - Rutten - Creil - Espel - Emmeloord vv.
Espel is connected by road via provincial road N712 which leads to Tollebeek Urk to the south, and Creil, Rutten and Lemmer to the North. Provincial road N714 starts in Espel and heads east to Emmeloord.
There is no railway station in Espel, but the nearest stations are in Kampen, Dronten and Lelystad.
Gallery
References
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
Populated places established in 1956 |
4019488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultralight%20aircraft%20%28Canada%29 | Ultralight aircraft (Canada) | The Canadian Aviation Regulations define two types of ultralight aircraft: basic ultra-light aeroplane (BULA), and advanced ultra-light aeroplane (AULA).
Definition
Regulation of ultra-light aircraft in Canada is covered by the Canadian Aviation Regulations. An earlier definition of "ultra-light aeroplane", effective October 10, 1996, meant:
a single-seat aeroplane that has a launch weight of 165 kg (364 pounds) or less, and a wing area, expressed in square metres, of not less than the launch weight in kilograms minus 15, divided by 10, and in no case less than ,
a two-seat instructional aeroplane that has a launch weight of 195 kg (430 pounds) or less, and a wing area, expressed in square metres, of not less than 10 m2 and a wing loading of not more than 25 kg/m2 (5.12 lb/ft2), the wing loading being calculated using the launch weight plus the occupant weight of 80 kg (176 pounds) per person, or
an advanced ultra-light aeroplane;
On June 1, 2003, the definition was amended to state that an "ultra-light aeroplane" means either an advanced ultra-light aeroplane or a basic ultra-light aeroplane.
Basic
On July 6, 1956 the Department of Transport first issued new requirements for ultralight aircraft, a category that was eventually renamed "Amateur-built aircraft", leaving Canada without an ultralight category. The basic ultralight category was established as a new category in 1982 to fill this gap. Regulation of ultralight aircraft in Canada is covered by the Canadian Aviation Regulations, which defines a "basic ultra-light aeroplane" as:
an aeroplane having no more than two seats, designed and manufactured to have:
a maximum take-off weight not exceeding 544 kg (1,200 pounds), and
a stall speed in the landing configuration (VS0) of 39 knots (45 mph) indicated airspeed, or less, at the maximum take-off weight;
Advanced
According to Canadian Aviation Regulations, Part I, Subpart 1, an "advanced ultra-light aeroplane" means an aeroplane that has a type design that is in compliance with the standards specified in the manual entitled Design Standards for Advanced Ultra-light Aeroplanes (DS10141).
An advanced ultra-light aeroplane is an aeroplane which:
Is propeller driven;
Is designed to carry a maximum of two persons, including the pilot;
Has a maximum take-off mass, MTOmax or WTOmax, of:
350 kg (770 lb) for a single place aeroplane, or
560.0 kg (1232 lb) for a two place aeroplane;
A maximum stalling speed in the landing configuration, VS0, at manufacturer's recommended maximum take-off mass (weight) not exceeding 72 km/h (20 m/s, 45 mph) (IAS); and
Is limited to non-aerobatic operations. Non-aerobatic operations include:
manoeuvres incident to normal flying
stalls and spins (if approved for type);
lazy eights, chandelles; and
steep turns, in which the angle of bank is not more than 60°
The advanced ultra-light aeroplane (AULA) category is similar, but not identical, to the American light sport aircraft (LSA) category. Many aircraft are available as AULAs in Canada and LSAs in the United States.
Minimum useful load
Advanced ultra-light aeroplanes shall have a minimum useful load, MU or WU computed as follows:
For a single place aeroplane:
MU = 80 + 0.3P, in kg; where P is the rated engine(s) power in kilowatts;
MU = 175 + 0.5P, in lb; where P is the rated engine(s) power in brake horsepower (bhp).
For a two place aeroplane:
MU = 160 + 0.3P, in kg; where P is the rated engine(s) power in kW;
MU = 350 + 0.5P, in lb; where P is the rated engine(s) power in bhp.
Maximum empty mass (weight)
The maximum empty mass, MEmax, (WEmax) includes all operational equipment that is actually installed in the aeroplane. It includes the mass (weight) of the airframe, powerplant, required equipment, optional and specific equipment, fixed ballast, full engine coolant, hydraulic fluid, and the residual fuel and oil. Hence, the maximum empty mass (weight) = maximum take-off mass (weight) - minimum useful load.
The registration marks for an advanced ultra-light aeroplane after 1997 begin with "C-Ixxx". Prior to that date they were C-Fxxx or C-Gxxx.
Operations
An ultra-light pilot permit, recreational pilot permit, private, commercial or airline transport aeroplane licence issued by Transport Canada, is required in order for a person to operate an ultra-light aeroplane in Canada. Pilots holding a Recreational or higher license may carry a passenger in a two-seat advanced ultra-light aeroplane. Pilots with only an ultra-light permit may not carry a passenger in an advanced ultralight unless they have received a passenger carrying endorsement. Basic ultralights cannot carry passengers unless the passenger is another pilot. Student pilots undergoing training may be carried in basic ultralights.
Canadian Basic and Advanced Ultralights may be flown in the USA if the pilot holds a Recreational Pilot Permit or higher designation. Pilots holding an Ultralight Pilot Permit with instructor rating and who have at least 2 hours of cross country experience may also fly to the US.
Any Canadian Ultralight flying to the US also requires a Special Flight Operations Certificate from the FAA. This is a form the pilot completes which is then valid for 180 days.
Nomenclature
Officially this category of aircraft are known in Canada as Ultra-light Aeroplanes although in common use the American term Ultralight Airplanes is often used.
See also
Pilot licensing in Canada
References
External links
Ultralight Pilots Association of Canada - Review of Canadian Aircraft Categories
Canadian Owners and Pilots Association - Aircraft in Canada - Ultralights
Transport Canada Listing of Models Eligible to be Registered as Advanced Ultra-Light Aeroplanes (AULA)
Aviation in Canada |
4019489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luttelgeest | Luttelgeest | Luttelgeest is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and was created in 1950 as one of ten planned villages around the new city of Emmeloord.
Name
Luttelgeest is named after a no longer existing village with the same name, which used to be near Kuinre, Overijssel. The oldest appearance of the name was in 1379. The meaning of the name translated to English is Little Geest, where 'geest' is a type of landform. The village of Lutjegast in Groningen has a different variant of the same name.
History
In 1942, Camp Luttelgeest was opened for the workers on the Noordoostpolder. In 1949, the plan for the village was approved, and it was founded in 1950. During the construction, the remains of two castles belonging to Kuinre were excavated. The oldest castle was built by Prince-bishop of Utrecht in the 12th century, and was destroyed in 1196 by the Count of Holland. It was rebuilt in 1204 and destroyed in a flood in 1375. In 1378, a castle was built closer to Kuinre, and demolished between 1531 and 1536, because it no longer served a strategic purpose.
The village has been laid out on a triangular pattern, and is surrounded by a green circle.
Public transportation
There is no railway station in Luttelgeest, but the nearest stations are in Kampen and Steenwijk.
Sports
The basketball team and football club SV Tonego is located in Luttelgeest.
Gallery
References
External links
Official site (in Dutch)
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
1950 establishments in the Netherlands |
4019490 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Padua%20%28disambiguation%29 | Padua (disambiguation) | Padua is a city in northern Italy.
Padua may also refer to:
Anthony of Padua, Roman Catholic saint
San Antonio de Padua, Argentina (named after saint)
Province of Padua, Veneto, Italy
Padua, Illinois, unincorporated community, USA
Padua, Minnesota, unincorporated community, USA
Padua, Ohio, unincorporated community, USA
Padua (ship), a sailing vessel
363 Padua, a main belt asteroid
Padua, a cultivar of Karuka
A variation of the color green.
See also:
University of Padua, Italy
Padua College, Brisbane, Australia
Padua College, Melbourne, Australia
Padua Franciscan High School, Parma, Ohio, USA
Padua Academy, Wilmington, Delaware, USA
Padua, Chouddagram, Comilla District, Bangladesh |
4019492 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marknesse | Marknesse | Marknesse is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about east of Emmeloord.
History
Marknesse was first mentioned in 1950 as Marknesse, and is a combination of border land and headland. It has been named after a flooded village near Urk.
The village was founded in 1946 as B. In 1943, temporary barracks were built to polder the Noordoostpolder. The plan of the village by was approved in 1949. The village has a green central axis with the Dutch Reformed Church in one corner and the Reformed Church on the other side, and the flanks contain shops. Most of the houses are oriented north-south..
After the merger of the two Reformed Churches into the Protestant Church, it was decided to demolish the Dutch Reformed church and replace it with a five-story apartment building. One of the original wooden barracks is still present. It was supposed to be transformed into residential houses, but is currently in use as a cultural centre.
Gallery
Climate
References
External links
Populated places in Flevoland
Noordoostpolder
1946 establishments in the Netherlands |
4019497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nagele | Nagele | Nagele is a village in the Dutch province of Flevoland. It is a part of the municipality of Noordoostpolder, and lies about 10 km south of Emmeloord.
History
Nagele was designed by the architectural team "De 8" between 1948 and 1954. The final design by Aldo van Eyck and de 8 was shown at the CIAM 8 meeting in 1956. While the current condition of the town differs from the original design, some of the basic concepts remain.
The village was founded in 1954 after an island in the Zuiderzee which used be located between Urk and Schokland. The etymology is unknown, however a river called Nakala was recorded in 966 near Urk.
The organization of the Noordoostpolder area was based on a central nucleus with smaller towns circling around connected by roads back to the center. Nagele was proposed to be southwest of the main town, and was originally to be planned to contain 300 dwelling units, 3 churches, 3 primary schools, a post office, fire station, hotel, cafes, a clinic, cemetery, sports field, swimming pool and business zone. Aldo van Eyck proposed that the town be designed around 3 principles: 1. a non-hierarchical organization with mixed social groups, 2. a windbreak of trees to give the village a spatial character and stand out in the polder landscape, and 3. an open green center. The final design accepted by the Wieringermeer board included these ideas, which can still be seen today. The dwelling units form smaller courtyards that are shared around the outside of the main green, these clusters in turn forming the visual boundaries of the center.
Public transportation
There is no railway station in Nagele, but the nearest stations are in Kampen and Lelystad.
Gallery
References
External links
Official site (in Dutch)
Populated places in Flevoland
Modernist architecture in the Netherlands
Noordoostpolder
1954 establishments in the Netherlands |
4019500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jobbik | Jobbik | The Movement for a Better Hungary (), commonly known as Jobbik (), is a conservative political party in Hungary.
Originating with radical and nationalist roots, at its beginnings, the party described itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" is the protection of "Hungarian values and interests." In 2014, the party was described as an "anti-Semitic organization" by The Independent and a "neo-Nazi party" by the president of the European Jewish Congress. From 2015 to 2020, the party started to re-define itself as a more moderate conservative people's party and changed the controversial elements of its communication, culminating with its new declaration of principles now defining itself as a centre-right, pro-European party with some residual moderated nationalist tendencies (the position Fidesz originally occupied). According to the party's "Declaration of Principles", Jobbik will "always focus on the interests of Hungary and the Hungarian people instead of a political group or an ideology. On the other hand, [Jobbik] reject[s] hatemongering and extreme political views that are contrary to Christian values and ethics."
After the Hungarian parliamentary elections on 8 April 2018, the party polled 1,092,806 votes, securing 19.06% of the total, making it Hungary's second-largest party in the National Assembly.
Name
The Movement for a Better Hungary more commonly goes under its abbreviated name Jobbik, which is in fact a play on words. The word jobb in Hungarian has two meanings, the adjective for "better" and the direction "right". Consequently, the comparative form Jobbik means both "better choice" and "more to the right". This is somewhat similar to the English phrase "right choice", which could mean both "a choice on the right side of the political spectrum" and "a correct choice".
Platform and ideology
On 30 June 2020, Péter Jakab the president of Jobbik and Koloman Brenner member of the strategic group of the party introduced a new declaration of principles of the party, replacing its previous hardline nationalist-populist, Eurosceptic, anti-globalist, and irredentist one. The party redefined itself as a Christian, conservative, centre-right, socially sensitive people's party in the document. The document defines Jobbik as the only people's party in Hungary, and stated that "Jobbik is an independent political movement that strictly observes its own values but is willing to cooperate with other political forces to restore democracy and the rule of law in Hungary." Since its adoption of more moderate policies, Jobbik has been described as centrist, centre-right and right-wing. It also stated its support for agrarianism.
Currently, the party describes itself as a modern conservative people's party. A 28 February 2020 opinion poll by IDEA for Euronews was analyzed by leading political scientist Balázs Böcskei. He interpreted that from a former nationalist party, Jobbik has completed its transformation into a moderate people's party and its voting base has been changed, and now competes for a predominantly moderate conservative pro-EU constituency.
Since 2014, the party has not used the "radical right-wing" term to define itself, stating that it aims to represent all Hungarian people, not exclusively the right-wing of the political spectrum. According to Gábor Vona, the president of Jobbik, after 2014 the party has grown out of its "adolescence" and reached its adulthood. The party has significantly changed its views on the European Union, while in internal politics the party has started to emphasize opening towards the different groups of the Hungarian society. At the same time, Vona distanced the party from "wrong statements" that it had made in the past.
Historical
Prior to 2020, Jobbik was described by media and academics as right-wing and far-right. Earlier, the party often defined itself as "a principled, conservative and radically patriotic Christian party", whose "fundamental purpose" was the protection of "Hungarian values and interests". Since then, Jobbik has implemented major changes in its program and policies, due to its growing popularity and broadening supporter groups. Earlier Jobbik's ideology has been described by political scholars as right-wing populist, whose strategy "relies on a combination of ethno-nationalism with anti-elitist populist rhetoric and a radical critique of existing political institutions". For its part, Jobbik rejected the common classification of the political spectrum in left and right, and has been described as a catch-all party. The party sees itself as patriotic. The party has always rejected the term 'far-right', and instead labeled itself as 'radical right-wing'. It has also criticised media companies for labelling them as 'far-right' and has threatened to take action towards those who do. In 2014, the Supreme Court of Hungary ruled that Jobbik cannot be labeled "far-right" in any domestic radio or television transmissions, as this would constitute an opinion because Jobbik has refused the 'far-right' label. It also supported socially conservative and nationalist positions.
At its beginnings, Jobbik described itself as rejecting "global capitalism" and the European Union, because they felt disappointed with the conditions of the Hungarian EU accession. While the party previously also opposed Zionism, the party's leader, Gábor Vona, stated in February 2017 that he has "never questioned Israel's existence" and that the party supports a two-state solution to the Israel-Palestine conflict. In July 2018, the party also voted in the European Parliament in favour of greater security coordination with Israel. At some level the party adhered to Pan-Turanism, an ideology that asserts that Hungarians originate from the Ural–Altaic race, and supported Hungarian irredentism. Consequently, the party strongly supports closer ties with Turkey, with Vona criticizing the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt and praising Turkish President Recep Tayyip Erdoğan as a "very strong leader".
Jobbik, according to recent remarks from the party, no longer regards ideological issues as a primary goal, but instead focuses on the elimination of social tensions and controversies as well as on the fight against the growing corruption in the public sphere and administration.
Modern conservatism
In the summer of 2016 Gábor Vona, the president of Jobbik, declared a new style of politics, called "modern conservatism" with the aim of moving beyond pointless debates between the right- and the left-wing and to fostering cooperation among Hungarians with different political backgrounds. According to Vona, the goal of "modern conservatism" is, to build a society that can, by its proactivity, be a basis for a more democratic political functioning. As a historical precedent, he referred to the ideals of István Széchenyi, who is considered one of the greatest statesmen of Hungarian history.
Relation to the European Union
Upon its formation, Jobbik had a strongly critical stance towards the European Union. The party regarded the accession of Hungary as a failure, and saw the EU as an organization that did not serve the interests of Hungarians. However, even in this period, the party did not refuse the idea of a radically reformed European confederation. After Brexit and the continuous debates on the future of the European Union, the party has reassessed its views on the EU and started to emphasize that by adequate policies and some EU reforms, the organization could be made advantageous for European nations. According to Jobbik, Hungary should join the Eurozone as soon as possible since it is a not a political but an economic question. At his press conference on 27 October 2017, the president of the party, Gábor Vona, said that if some conditions were fulfilled Jobbik could even support further deepening of the EU.
In December 2018, Jobbik presented its 2019 European Parliament election program, in which the party highlighted three topics of key importance: European cohesion, joint European solution on migration issues and centralized European action against fake news. According to the published program, Jobbik stands for Hungarian membership of the EU and advocates for a just union based on the principle of solidarity laid out by Robert Schuman and Konrad Adenauer.
Wage Union
Jobbik sees economic convergence and a pan-European wage union as important goals. Thus, a key element of the party's EU policy is the economic development of the eastern member states of the EU, thereby reducing the economic differences between East and West. The party believes that lack of development has led to corruption, and that both the EU and the governments of Central and Eastern Europe have turned a blind eye to the problem. Therefore, Jobbik played a leading role in the formation of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative, that started its work on 14 March 2017 with the participation of representatives from 8 Central European countries.
Economy
At its beginnings, Jobbik rejected globalised capitalism and the influence of foreign investors in Hungary. In the past, Jobbik has specifically opposed aggressive Israeli investment in Hungary and what it termed a selling-out of the country. On 4 May 2013, protesting against the World Jewish Congress's choice to locate their 2013 congress in Budapest, party chairman Gábor Vona said, "The Israeli conquerors, these investors, should look for another country in the world for themselves because Hungary is not for sale". This was in response to a highly-controversial speech by the Israeli Prime Minister Shimon Peres. On 10 October 2007, Peres said that "from such a small country as ours it is almost amazing, that we are buying up Manhattan, Hungary, Romania and Poland". This statement created a heated debate in Hungary and Israel was obliged to explain the controversial words several times.
According to the party's 2017 Manifesto, an innovative economic policy should be followed, whose goal is to find opportunities in the global economy. An increasingly-important point of Jobbik's economic policy is the creation of a more-competitive national economy that is able to provide higher wages. The party aims to support SMEs and a balanced development with multinational companies.
Public order
The party argued on its formation that the national police should be greatly strengthened and, along with the Fidesz, supports introducing a "three strikes law". However, political rivals of Jobbik claim that its connections with the Magyar Gárda militia (which is now banned) cast doubt on the party's commitment to peace and order in Hungarian society, and even within party ranks.
Jobbik have previously promised to restore the death penalty if they come to power.
Minority rights and demands for territorial autonomy for Hungarians outside of Hungary
Jobbik strongly promotes the welfare of the large Hungarian populations living outside Hungary as ethnic minorities. The party demands minority rights for these groups in accordance with Western European standards. Along with almost all current Hungarian political parties, Jobbik demands the reestablishment of "territorial autonomy" in the Székely Land of Romania, and desires to make Carpathian Ruthenia an independent Hungarian district on the model of South Tyrol. Jobbik is frequently accused of agitating for a return to pre-Treaty-of-Trianon borders. However, Jobbik has never suggested changing borders by force, and believes that the ultimate solution is territorial and cultural autonomy within a European Union framework of minority rights.
One fourth of ethnic Hungarians live outside the country. Many suffer discrimination because of their ethnicity, causing frequent diplomatic disputes between Hungary and its neighbors. Jobbik dedicates itself to supporting the cause of Hungarian minorities in adjoining countries, vocally defending their schools, churches and cultural values.
The party's 2009 election slogan "Hungary belongs to the Hungarians" (Magyarország a Magyaroké!) attracted much scrutiny. While some critics dismissed the slogan as a tautology, others considered it a call to bigotry and complained to the National Electoral Commission, which ruled it "unconstitutional" on the eve of the election.
On 11 March 2014, in response to a demonstration in Târgu Mureș, the Romanian president Traian Băsescu publicly called for a ban on Jobbik members from entering Romania.
Besides defending the rights of ethnic Hungarians living abroad, Jobbik actively supports the cultural autonomy and language rights of the autochthonous ethnic minorities living in Hungary.
The party has a pragmatic stance on cooperation among the Central European nations and states and, despite historical differences, strongly supports their common action within the EU. Jobbik leaders have called for action in the framework of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative.
History and development
Foundation
The group was first established in 2002 as the Right-Wing Christian Youth Community (Jobboldali Ifjúsági Közösség – JOBBIK) by a group of Catholic and Protestant university students. It was founded as a political party in October 2003, by Gabor Vona, the son of a
staunchly anti-Communist farming family.. The new party elected Dávid Kovács as president, serving until 2006. A key figure was Gergely Pongrátz who, in a speech to the founding conference, invoked the Hungarian Revolution of 1956.
Around Christmas 2003, Jobbik conducted a nationwide programme of erecting crosses, to remind Hungarians of the "true meaning" of the holiday. The move was criticized by several Christian intellectual groups.
Alliances
Even though the far-right Hungarian Justice and Life Party (MIÉP) and Jobbik had publicly quarreled, the parties formed an electoral alliance for the 2006 national elections, the MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties. The alliance sought to win votes from the major conservative Fidesz party.
However, the alliance won only 2.2% of the votes, and Jobbik largely withdrew from it. In 2009 the State Audit Office (ÁSZ) reported the alliance for grave breaches of accounting rules. Jobbik blamed MIÉP alone for the irregularities.
Jobbik fought the 2010 and 2014 general elections without political allies. Recently, some left-wing intellectuals suggested a coalition between the left-liberal parties and Jobbik to challenge the Fidesz government; however Jobbik rejected the idea to cooperate with parties which they call "20th century powers". Nevertheless, Gábor Vona said in an interview that "We will need several bridges ... to voters on the left, not to parties on the left. Jobbik offers a message, a program both to former leftist and former rightist voters."
Magyar Gárda and conflicts in the party
During the 2000s, public order was a key topic in Hungarian political life; especially after the 2006 lynching of a Hungarian teacher by Roma people in the Eastern Hungarian village of Olaszliszka. The case turned public attention to the failure of Roma integration and the inability of the Hungarian police to maintain law and order in the Hungarian countryside. The idea of setting up a "national guard", similar to the National Guard of the United States, became popular among the conservative political parties of Hungary.
In June 2007, Gábor Vona - supported by the party - founded and registered an organisation called Magyar Gárda ("Hungarian Guard"). Its deed of foundation declared that it intended to become "part or core" of a national guard, to be set up in accordance with the Gabriel Bethlen programme, and to participate actively "in strengthening national self-defence" and "maintaining public order". Additional goals included supporting and organising social and charity missions, disaster prevention and civil defence. The foundation of the Guard caused fierce political debate.
On 10 March 2008, three leading figures resigned from the party: founding president Dávid Kovács, committee chairman Ervin Nagy, and former ethics committee chairman Márton Fári. They named the Hungarian Guard as the cause of their resignation, stating that "Jobbik has been merged inseparably with the Guard, taking responsibility for something that it cannot really control in the long run".
On 2 July 2009 the Metropolitan Court of Appeal (Fővárosi Ítélőtábla) disbanded the Hungarian Guard Movement because the court held that its activities attacked the human rights of minorities guaranteed by the Constitution of Hungary. The Guard has attempted to reorganize itself as a civil service association, the Magyar Gárda Foundation, engaged in cultural and nation building activities rather than politics. Its renewed activities are opposed by the Hungarian authorities and prosecutors claim that the founding of the new organization is in contempt of previous court rulings.
After several schisms, the organization has largely ceased activity. On January 28, 2017, some radical members of the Magyar Gárda held a demonstration against Gábor Vona outside Jobbik's year-opening event. Participants denounced the new politics of Jobbik as a betrayal of the right wing.
Moderating the party
Before the 2014 parliamentary elections, Jobbik began a new policy: the so-called néppártosodás (transition to a people's party). The party adopted a new style of communication while reversing many radical elements of its earlier program. Jobbik leaders declared that it has turned from a radical right-wing party into a moderate conservative people's party. President Gábor Vona, in an interview, promised to "cut the wildlings" - the one-time radicals.
In 2016, the party pursued its strategy of de-demonization by abandoning parts of its original ideology and excluding certain extremist elements. The aim was to make its image more respectable and present a credible opposition to the conservative government of Viktor Orbán. Despite Jobbik's pledges, particularly to the Jewish community in Hungary, many left-wing intellectuals and political figures say they want to keep their distance from an organization deemed as undemocratic. Others, on the other hand - including philosopher Ágnes Heller - consider it necessary to ally with all opposition parties, including Jobbik, to defeat Orbán's Fidesz. Heller says that Jobbik has never been a neo-Nazi party, although she described them as far-right and racist. At the local level, however, implicit alliances were formed between left-wing parties and Jobbik in partial municipal elections to defeat the ruling-government party.
Although the party was commonly described as far-right by observers and in the international press, from the mid-2010s it became more difficult to classify Jobbik in those terms because of its policy changes and Fidesz's increasingly right-wing rhetoric.
Support for Jobbik is particularly strong among young people. Since 2014, the party has consciously tried to attract young people who are disappointed with other political parties. An international survey, conducted in 2016, found that 53 percent of Hungarians aged between 18 and 35 years would vote for Jobbik. However, Jobbik's strategy - moving away from its far-right roots and staking out a more centrist position - has resulted in the emergence of more radical dissident formations, like the new party Force and Determination and Our Homeland Movement.
Crisis after 2018 and cooperation with other opposition parties
Prior to the 2018 parliamentary election, Gábor Vona promised that he would resign if he could not lead the party to victory. True to his word, he resigned after the results were announced. Despite rumors that Jobbik would change its policies, the National Board of the party unanimously decided in favor of the moderate, conservative policies. On 12 May 2018 the party elected Tamás Sneider as the president and Márton Gyöngyösi as the executive vice-president of the party. The Hungarian press saw this as a victory for the moderate wing. Tamás Sneider announced that he wanted to build a socially conscious party, based on the teachings of Christianity.
Sneider's rival for the leadership of the party, László Toroczkai, received 46.2% of the votes. He threatened to split the party unless it returned to its original policies. His platform included an end to immigration, stemming emigration of Hungarian youth to the wealthier west of the EU, a tough line on Hungary's Roma minority, and support for ethnic Hungarian minorities in neighboring states. When his proposals were rejected, Toroczkai formed a new party with Dóra Dúró: Our Homeland Movement.
On November 7, 2018, László Toroczkai announced that three former Jobbik politicians - István Apáti, Erik Fülöp and János Volner - had joined Our Homeland Movement.
In 2019, he reorganized the Magyar Gárda and made it part of the Our Homeland Movement.
On December 12, 2018, the Hungarian Parliament adopted an amendment to the Overtime Act (Often called "Slave Law" by the opposition) on a scandalous session. On this day, representatives of Jobbik, MSZP, LMP, DK and Dialogue in the National Assembly disrupted the legislation by hesitating, shouting, broadcasting and preventing the presidential pulpit from obstructing the vote. Following the parliamentary meeting, mass protests began all over the country, where Jobbik is participating together with the other opposition parties. Following the demonstrations, left-wing politicians, including the President of the Hungarian Socialist Party Bertalan Tóth, suggested that opposition parties, including Jobbik, should run on a common list at the European Parliament elections.
Jobbik participated in the 2019 European Parliament election as a separate list. In these elections the party lost more than half of its support. These elections likely further motivated the party to collaborate with other groupings in the opposition. In the 2019 local elections the party in most parts of Hungary joined common lists with MSZP, DK, Dialogue and Momentum (in some cases, with local parties as well). Due to this, Jobbik candidates (who stood as independents) managed to win mayorships in Eger and Dunaújváros or more easily retained ones it held before (e.g. Törökszentmiklós).
On 25 January 2020, Péter Jakab was elected president of the party. He received more than 87 percent of the votes.
During the 2022 Hungarian parliamentary election Jobbik participated in the opposition alliance United for Hungary. Viktor Orbán's Fidesz won the election, acquiring two-thirds majority in the parliament again. Some analysts claimed that the majority of Jobbik voters turned out for Fidesz or Our Homeland Movement instead of the united opposition. Prime minister candidate of the alliance, Péter Márki-Zay shared this assessment, admitting that the united opposition may have lost up to "two thirds" of Jobbik voters.
International relations
Jobbik was a founding member of the Alliance of European National Movements, alongside the French National Front, Italy's Tricolour Flame, the British National Party, the Swedish National Democrats, the Finnish Blue and White Front, the Portuguese National Renovator Party, and the Spanish Republican Social Movement. Its membership ended in February 2016 when Jobbik cut its affiliation with AENM.
, Jobbik had ties to the Conservative People's Party of Estonia, the Bulgarian United Patriots, the Latvian National Alliance, the Polish National Movement, the Indian Bharatiya Janata Party, the Russian Rodina, and the Turkish Nationalist Movement Party, although these connections began tapering off as the party moderated its platform and far-right factions began to split off.
Jobbik has proposed joining the European People's Party, but was rejected in August 2018.
Controversy
During its period as a far-right party, Jobbik strenuously denied allegations of antisemitism or racism, saying that the allegations were either politically motivated, or simply false. It also dismissed the criticism of perceived antisemitism, racism, and homophobia as the "favourite topics" of its political opponents. Even so, the movement was accused of playing on those fears.
Comments by members
On the eve of the 2009 elections to the European parliament, a comment was posted on a Hungarian political internet forum, allegedly in the name of Krisztina Morvai, who then headed the party's electoral list. Addressing their remarks to Hungarian Jews, the comment poster stated that they "would be glad if the so-called proud Hungarian Jews went back to playing with their tiny circumcised dicks instead of vilifying me." News of this comment, which was roundly condemned, spread rapidly around the world and eventually even featured in an article in The Economist. Morvai's critics pointed to her refusal to even discuss the issue, let alone deny it, implying that this was sufficient to ascribe authorship of the remarks to her.
Her supporters, however, claimed that though she certainly had a record of being critical of the state of Israel given a sympathy for the Palestinian cause she developed while working as an international human rights lawyer, the idea of Morvai being an antisemite was "simply ridiculous", given that at the time of her alleged remarks she was married to a Hungarian of Jewish origin, with whom she had three children.
In a newsletter published by a group calling itself "The trade union of Hungarian police officers prepared for action", the following was allegedly printed: "Given our current situation, anti-Semitism is not just our right, but it is the duty of every Hungarian homeland lover, and we must prepare for armed battle against the Jews." The editor of the union, Judit Szima, was a Jobbik candidate in the upcoming election for the European Union parliament. Haaretz alleged that Szima "didn't see anything wrong with the content of the article." Cooperation between Jobbik and the trade union led by Szima was dismantled in 2010 and since then there has been no affiliation between them.
During spring 2012, Jobbik representative in Hungarian parliament Zsolt Baráth caused an outrage by commemorating 1882 blood libel against the Jews in Parliament. The Tiszaeszlár blood libel, found later to be unrelated to Jews, was known as the first major anti-Jewish event in modern Hungary, predating the Holocaust. Baráth's speech caused controversy among Jobbik MPs: some – despite finding it inappropriate and uncalled-for – stated that in a mature democracy there should not be taboo topics, while leaders of the Jobbik Parliamentary Group told the media that they had evaluated the speech and learnt the lesson that they should care more about what their MPs say. After the incident, Baráth was not re-elected and is no longer an MP of Jobbik.
In November 2012, while evaluating the latest news on the controversial Israeli military action in the Gaza strip, the party's deputy parliamentary leader, Márton Gyöngyösi, stated in his speech in the Parliament: "I think such a conflict makes it timely to tally up people of Jewish ancestry who live here, especially in the Hungarian Parliament and the Hungarian government, who, indeed, pose a national security risk to Hungary." Gyöngyösi admitted immediately after his speech that he had composed his sentence wrongly, and that he meant to refer to MPs with Israeli-Hungarian double citizenship, not to Jewish people. At the same time, Gyöngyösi offered an apology. As Al Jazeera reported, the incident led to "international condemnation of Nazi-style policies and a protest outside the legislature in Budapest. Around ten thousand Hungarians in Budapest protested against Gyöngyösi's antisemitic remarks. All major Hungarian political parties took part in the protest. At the protest, Attila Mesterházy, the leader of the successor of the state party of the communist era, the Hungarian Socialist Party, described Jobbik as a "fascist possessions virus", while 5th district of Budapest mayor Antal Rogán, representing the governing Fidesz party, described Jobbik as "evil". Jewish organizations responded to Gyöngyösi's speech by describing it as a reintroduction of Nazism into the Hungarian parliament and by describing Jobbik as a Nazi party.
In 2014, Tibor Ágoston, the deputy chairman of Jobbik's Debrecen and Hajdú-Bihar County organization, referred to the Holocaust as the "holoscam". Tamás Horovitz, the chairman of the Debrecen Jewish Congregation, and the mayor of Debrecen, Lajos Kósa, condemned Ágoston's remarks. Later, Ágoston harshly criticized Gábor Vona for not supporting Előd Novák and for cutting ties with the so-called "radicals" in the party.
In 2015, deputy leader Előd Novák posted to his social media account on Facebook a picture of himself and his family next to a separate image of Rikardo Racz, the first newborn in Hungary of the year, who was born to a Romani family. In a comment on the pictures, he stated that the population of Hungarians would become a minority and suggested that the Romani population was the biggest problem facing Hungary. Novák's remarks were both condemned and supported. Novák later responded to the issue by refusing to apologize and suggesting that the family should apologize to him. Előd Novák was forced by the party's parliamentary group to resign from his position as an MP in 2016. Now, he is a vocal critic of Jobbik's new policies.
World Jewish Congress protest
On 4 May 2013, Jobbik members protested against the World Jewish Congress in Budapest, claiming that the protest was against "a Jewish attempt to buy up Hungary". Jobbik MP Enikő Hegedűs vociferously condemned both Israel and Jews at the rally as her husband, Lóránt Hegedűs Jr., stood nearby. An ordained minister in the Reformed Church in Hungary, Lóránt Hegedűs himself had served in the National Assembly as an MP of the far-right nationalist Hungarian Justice and Life Party from 1998 to 2002. He invited Holocaust denier David Irving to his Budapest church in 2007 as a "special guest", and was also accused of antisemitism on several occasions for statements he made about Jews at Jobbik events. At a 2011 rally, he claimed that Jews orchestrated World War II and controlled the international media, and a year prior alleged that the Hungarian government was secretly cooperating with Mossad to facilitate an Israeli takeover of Hungary with the assistance of Hungarian Jews and mainstream churches. After his wife's statement regarding the World Jewish Congress, the Reformed Church launched an inquiry into the minister's conduct, with presiding bishop Gusztáv Bölcskei denouncing Hegedűs's activism for Jobbik as a "permanent provocation" incompatible with scripture.
President of Jobbik Gábor Vona later stated that he had criticized Zionism as a political idea, and pointed out that he understood the Hungarian Jewish community had to survive such traumas during the 20th century that make dialogue very hard. At the same time, he emphasized that he wanted to have harmonious relations with the Hungarian Jewish community.
In 2021, Ronald S. Lauder, the leader of the World Jewish Congress, stated that some politicians who "made anti-Semitic statements in the past are still aligned with the party".
The "Hanukkah case"
In December 2016, Gábor Vona, in addition to his Christmas greetings to the nation's churches, as a gesture sent his greetings to his Jewish compatriots on the occasion of the Jewish holidays. Vona'a message raised controversy among Hungarian Jewish communities. Vona had already stated before that those, even party members, who had wanted to see Jobbik as a racist or antisemitic party had been wrong. However, Vona took responsibility for turning a blind eye in such situations earlier.
Warnings against "EU slavery" and ethnic shift in Hungary
Gábor Vona earlier said that Hungarians became slaves because the European Union had only wanted Hungary to enter the EU because of its cheap workforce. Vona also stated that "the number of Hungarians continues to fall while the gypsy population grows ever larger. This was not racism but a real social and economic problem. Anyone who doesn't understand this is not normal."
In a 2016 inverview, Vona announced that he believed the EU also had some advantages.
In a 2017 interview, Márton Gyöngyösi, deputy leader of the party's parliamentary group, pointed out that Jobbik seeks constructive reform of the European Union. In addition, Gyöngyösi also said that in order to have a more harmonized EU, maybe some national competencies, such as labor conditions and wage regulations, could be reconsidered.
Opposition to LGBT+ rights as "sexual deviancy"
Jobbik opposes the expansion of rights for LGBT people as contrary to their Christian-conservative model. The party maintains that the most important social unit is the traditional family. In April 2012, Jobbik tried to introduce a bill into the Hungarian parliament that would change the national constitution to allegedly "protect public morals and the mental health of the young generations" by banning the popularization of "sexual deviancy". The legislation was drafted by party spokesman Ádám Mirkóczki. This was to target "homosexuality, sex changes, transvestitism, bisexuality and paedophile behaviour". The proposed amendments would criminalise anyone who "popularizes their sexual relations—deviancy—with another person of the same sex, or other disturbances of sexual behaviour, before the wider public". The penalty would be three years in prison, or five years if 'popularizing' is done in front of minors. The draft legislation ultimately failed to pass. In 2021 Viktor Orban's Fidesz government passed a similar Law to the 2012 Jobbik one, in the form of Hungarian anti-LGBT law.
Jobbik has consistently opposed the annual Budapest Gay Pride march, on the grounds that it was “anti-Hungarian and anti-Christian.” In 2014 right-wing protestors affiliated with Jobbik and the 64 Counties movement shouted homophobic remarks and suggested that LGBT persons should be taken to the gas chambers.
Support for Miklós Horthy
Hungary continues to grapple with the interwar period and the legacy of the one-time Regent of Hungary, Miklós Horthy. Jobbik, like other right and centre-right parties in Hungary, supported a balanced view, appreciating the positive elements of the consolidation after the World War I and Trianon trauma. On 3 November 2013, Márton Gyöngyösi and other Jobbik members unveiled a bronze bust of Horthy, a nationalist admiral who served as Regent from 1920 to 1944, in front of the "Church of Homecoming" in downtown Budapest's Liberty Square, where Lóránt Hegedűs served as pastor. The ceremony drew strong public and official condemnations over the legacy of Horthy, who led Hungary into World War II in 1941 on the side of the Axis powers (which the country had officially joined the previous year). Many Hungarians thus see Horthy as a source of deep national shame and as a Nazi collaborator, complicit in the murder of half a million Hungarian Jews in the Holocaust in Hungary. Others, however, revere him as a national hero, ostensibly for guiding the country to stability in its chaotic interwar period; at the ceremony, Gyöngyösi proclaimed Horthy "the greatest Hungarian statesman of the 20th century".
Several thousand individuals — some of whom had pinned yellow Stars of David on their clothing – came out to protest against the statue, and were met by a smaller crowd of far-right protesters near the church who responded with antisemitic and racist slurs. Mayor Antal Rogán condemned Jobbik's move as a "political provocation" that would allow the "western European left-wing press" to unfairly characterise Hungary as being plagued by antisemitic extremists. Hegedűs, who had already hung a portrait of Horthy by his church's entrance well prior to the statue's installation, defended Horthy's legacy to journalists after the unveiling, calling it "unjust and historically wrong" to implicate the former leader in crimes against humanity because he was suspected, not prosecuted, at the Nuremberg trials. In light of the furore over the statue, church officials announced that they would launch another official probe into Hegedűs's political activities.
Turanism allegations
Jobbik had been accused for being Turanist by European media and defined as a "Turanist Trojan Horse in Europe".
In 2013, the party's former leader Gábor Vona stated that he attached great importance to Turkish PM's Hungary visit by saying "As descendants of Turks, we value this visit".
Electoral performance
Growth and electoral success
The party faced its first electoral test with the coming of the 2009 European parliamentary elections. The election's results shocked their opponents: with the party sending three MEPs to Strasbourg; coming close to equal in number of votes with the governing Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) while eliminating their liberal coalition partner Alliance of Free Democrats (SZDSZ), to become the nation's third largest party.
In London on 16 May 2008, the delegation of Jobbik's Committee of Foreign Affairs met Nick Griffin, chairman of the British National Party. They discussed cooperation between the two parties, and the elections for the European Parliament. Griffin spoke at the party rally in August 2008, while former vice-president Zoltán Füzessy is presently resident in Gravesend, Kent, England.
The Alliance of European National Movements (AENM) was formed in Budapest on 24 October 2009. The alliance's founding members were Jobbik (the Alliance was established during their sixth party congress), France's National Front, UK's British National Party Italy's Tricolour Flame, Sweden's National Democrats and Belgium's National Front. Since January 2014 Béla Kovács has been its president. Since then Jobbik officially quit AENM and cut all ties with the members of the alliance.
On 12 April 2015, Jobbik's Lajos Rig defeated the Fidesz candidate in a parliamentary by-election in Veszprém County. It was the second by-election lost by Fidesz after the national 2014 elections, leaving the ruling Fidesz-KDNP coalition two short of the parliamentary supermajority (kétharmad).
On 14 March 2017 Jobbik started close cooperation with Bulgarian VMRO, Estonian Conservative People's Party and Croatian GO! as well as with trade unions, such as the Polish Solidarność 80, in the framework of the Wage Union European Citizens' Initiative.
2014 Hungarian parliamentary elections
In November 2013, the party leader Gábor Vona expressed optimism about the election saying that the party planned "no less than election victory in 2014". He argued that Jobbik candidates had been faring well in local elections and that opinion surveys had showed that Jobbik was the most popular party among voters aged under 35. The party has prepared its election programme dubbed "We'll say it, we'll solve it", which focuses on guaranteeing people a livelihood, safety and order. Vona said his party would initiate a referendum on protecting Hungarian land and on amending Hungary's European Union accession treaty.
On 26 January 2014, Vona held a rally in London where he sharply criticised the election law for preventing Hungarians living abroad from voting by mail at the parliamentary election.
Electoral results
National Assembly
1In an electoral alliance with MIÉP, under the name of the "MIÉP–Jobbik Third Way Alliance of Parties", joined by Independent Smallholders’ Party (FKgP) organisations from 15 counties.
2As part of the electoral alliance United for Hungary.
European Parliament
† 2009 Seat winners:
Krisztina Morvai
Zoltán Balczó – His seat EP was taken over by Béla Kovács, when he became a member of the Hungarian Parliament in May 2010.
Csanád Szegedi – He left the party in July 2012.
† 2014 Seat winners:
Krisztina Morvai
Zoltán Balczó
Béla Kovács – He left the party in December 2017.
† 2019 Seat winner:
Márton Gyöngyösi
Mayoral, the last elections was in 2019:
Balatonalmádi - Dr. Lajos Kepli (since 2019)
Dunaújváros - Tamás Pintér (since 2019)
Eger - Ádám Mirkóczki (since 2019)
Encs - Gergely Mikola (since 2019)
Jászberény - Lóránt Budai (since 2019)
Kisherend - Zsolt Varga (since 2016)
Ózd – Dávid Janiczak (since 2014)
Szentes - Zoltán Ferenc Szabó (since 2019)
Tapolca – Zoltán Dobó (since 2014)
History of leaders
Membership
Literature
References
External links
Official website (Hungarian)
Official website (English)
Changing of the Garda An article in The Economist about the Hungarian far right
Deed of Foundation (Hungarian)
"Third way" platform: The nationalist right gets together (HVG)
2003 establishments in Hungary
Hungarian nationalism
Nationalist parties in Hungary
Parties represented in the European Parliament
Political parties established in 2003
Right-wing populism in Hungary
Hungarian Turanism
Social conservative parties
Right-wing populist parties
National conservative parties
Right-wing parties in Europe
Centre-right parties in Europe
Anti-corruption parties
Christian political parties in Hungary
Conservative parties in Hungary
Pro-European political parties in Hungary |
4019505 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rutten | Rutten | Rutten may refer to:
Places
Rutten, Belgium, a village in Belgium, noted as the location of the Hamal Castle
Rutten, Netherlands, a town in Noordoostpolder, Flevoland, Netherlands
People with the surname
Bas Rutten (born 1965), Dutch mixed martial artist and kickboxer
Ben Rutten (born 1983), Australian rules footballer
Fred Rutten (born 1962), Dutch football player and coach
(1902–1982), Dutch movie director
Gwendolyn Rutten (born 1975), Belgian politician
Louis Rutten (1884–1946), Dutch geologist
Marguerite Rutten (1898-1984), French archaeologist and Assyriologist
Martin Rutten (1876–1944), Belgian civil servant
Martin Gerard Rutten (1910–1970), Dutch geologist and biologist, son of Louis
Martin-Hubert Rutten (1841–1927), Belgian bishop
Peter Johannes Rutten (1864–1953), Dutch politician
(born 1963), Belgian actor
Theo Rutten (1899–1980), Dutch politician
See also
Rutte (disambiguation)
Dutch-language surnames
Patronymic surnames |
4019509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Hae-woon | Kim Hae-woon | Kim Hae-Woon (born December 25, 1973) is a South Korean former football goalkeeper and currently goalkeeper coach of Henan Construction.
Career
Kim has represented South Korea at youth level but, although part of the senior team squads (e.g. he was the third choice goalkeeper for the 2003 East Asian Cup) he never went on to play a match for them.
In 1996, he made his debut for Ilhwa Chunma (then based in Cheonan and known as Cheonan Ilhwa Chunma). Before the start of the 2000 season, Kim, together with the
entire club moved to Seongnam. The move was highly successful and the club
(now known as Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma) took over from Suwon Samsung Bluewings as the dominant force in Korean soccer.
By the end of the 2007 season, Kim had played 197 times for the Ilhwa Chunma franchise and in that time conceded 212 goals.
On 23 May 2009, he announced his retirement.
He was appointed as the U-18 team goalkeeper coach of Jeonbuk Hyundai Motors on 3 March 2010.
Club career statistics
Honours
Club
Seongnam FC
K League 1 (4) : 2001, 2002, 2003, 2006
Korean FA Cup (1) : 1999
K-League Cup (2) : 2002, 2004
Korean Super Cup (1) : 2002
AFC Champions League Runners-up (2) : 1996–97, 2004
Asian Super Cup (1): 1996
A3 Champions Cup (1): 2004
Afro-Asian Club Championship (1) : 1996
International
EAFF East Asian Cup (1) : 2003
External links
K-League Player Record
FIFA Player Statistics
1973 births
Living people
Association football goalkeepers
South Korean footballers
Seongnam FC players
K League 1 players
2000 AFC Asian Cup players
Sportspeople from Incheon |
4019514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20A.%20Johnston | Wayne A. Johnston | Wayne A. Johnston (November 19, 1897 - December 1967) was president of Illinois Central Railroad (IC) from 1945 to 1966. When he stepped down from the presidency of the railroad, he was named Chairman of the Board for IC, a position he held for a year. In 1967, he was also named president of the University of Illinois Board of Trustees, of which he had been a member since 1951 (having won election to the board in 1950 ,1956, and 1962.
Background
In 1949, Johnston served as the Treasurer for the Chicago Railroad Fair.
From April 1949 until September 2009, Illinois Central's classification yard in Memphis, Tennessee was named after him. Johnston Yard was reconfigured and modernized in September 2009 and renamed Harrison Yard after CN CEO E. Hunter Harrison, who would retire at the end of the year.
Further reading
References
1897 births
1967 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Illinois Central Railroad people
Leaders of the University of Illinois
20th-century American businesspeople |
4019515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyravallen | Eyravallen | Eyravallen, currently known as Behrn Arena for sponsorship reasons, is a football stadium in Örebro, Sweden and home stadium for Örebro SK in Swedish top flight Allsvenskan. The stadium holds 12,645 people and was built in 1923. The stadium has been developed during the last couple of years.
The attendance record at the arena was against the local rival of Degerfors IF having 20,066 people watching the game 8 June 1961, and the record in the modern-day arena is 12,523 being during the game against Hammarby IF, on 13 May 2018.
The stadium's grass is astroturf since 2003, and Örebro was the first top-flight club in Sweden to have that playing surface. This was in part due to the harsher winters in Örebro compared to coastal and further southern areas.
Football club KIF Örebro and American football club Örebro Black Knights also became tenants of the stadium.
Stands
North stand built 2003. 4,000 seats + a gondol stand with 250 seats, all under roof.
Two restaurants, one pub and several business stores.
South stand built 1974. 3,000 seats under roof.
West stand built 2007. 4,350 standing people.
East stand built 2009 is a mixed standing and seating stand, with 1,600 for standing and 1,300 seats.
References
Football venues in Sweden
Sport in Örebro
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Sweden
Örebro SK
Buildings and structures in Örebro
1923 establishments in Sweden
Sports venues completed in 1923
American football venues in Sweden |
4019548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunavallen | Tunavallen | Tunavallen is a multi-use stadium in Eskilstuna, Sweden. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 7,800 seated spectators.
The original stadium was one of the venues for the 1958 FIFA World Cup. It was also the venue for the replay of the Swedish bandy final in 1954. The capacity was 22,000 spectators.
In 2002 a new arena was built. This is the home ground for the football teams AFC Eskilstuna and Eskilstuna City FK.
References
Football venues in Sweden
Bandy venues in Sweden
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Sport in Eskilstuna
Speed skating venues in Sweden
Swedish Bandy Final venues
Eskilstuna City FK
Sports venues completed in 1924
1924 establishments in Sweden |
4019573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jensen%E2%80%93Shannon%20divergence | Jensen–Shannon divergence | In probability theory and statistics, the Jensen–Shannon divergence is a method of measuring the similarity between two probability distributions. It is also known as information radius (IRad) or total divergence to the average. It is based on the Kullback–Leibler divergence, with some notable (and useful) differences, including that it is symmetric and it always has a finite value. The square root of the Jensen–Shannon divergence is a metric often referred to as Jensen–Shannon distance.
Definition
Consider the set of probability distributions where is a set provided with some σ-algebra of measurable subsets. In particular we can take to be a finite or countable set with all subsets being measurable.
The Jensen–Shannon divergence (JSD) is a symmetrized and smoothed version of the Kullback–Leibler divergence . It is defined by
where .
For example, given two coin-toss distributions with probability of heads being , then
where we use the logit function, defined as .
The geometric Jensen–Shannon divergence (or G-Jensen–Shannon divergence) yields a closed-form formula for divergence between two Gaussian distributions by taking the geometric mean.
A more general definition, allowing for the comparison of more than two probability distributions, is:
where
and are weights that are selected for the probability distributions , and is the Shannon entropy for distribution . For the two-distribution case described above,
Hence, for those distributions
Bounds
The Jensen–Shannon divergence is bounded by 1 for two probability distributions, given that one uses the base 2 logarithm.
With this normalization, it is a lower bound on the total variation distance between P and Q:
With base-e logarithm, which is commonly used in statistical thermodynamics, the upper bound is . In general, the bound in base b is :
A more general bound, the Jensen–Shannon divergence is bounded by for more than two probability distributions.
Relation to mutual information
The Jensen–Shannon divergence is the mutual information between a random variable associated to a mixture distribution between and and the binary indicator variable that is used to switch between and to produce the mixture. Let be some abstract function on the underlying set of events that discriminates well between events, and choose the value of according to if and according to if , where is equiprobable. That is, we are choosing according to the probability measure , and its distribution is the mixture distribution. We compute
It follows from the above result that the Jensen–Shannon divergence is bounded by 0 and 1 because mutual information is non-negative and bounded by in base 2 logarithm.
One can apply the same principle to a joint distribution and the product of its two marginal distribution (in analogy to Kullback–Leibler divergence and mutual information) and to measure how reliably one can decide if a given response comes from the joint distribution or the product distribution—subject to the assumption that these are the only two possibilities.
Quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence
The generalization of probability distributions on density matrices allows to define quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence (QJSD). It is defined for a set of density matrices and a probability distribution as
where is the von Neumann entropy of . This quantity was introduced in quantum information theory, where it is called the Holevo information: it gives the upper bound for amount of classical information encoded by the quantum states under the prior distribution (see Holevo's theorem). Quantum Jensen–Shannon divergence for and two density matrices is a symmetric function, everywhere defined, bounded and equal to zero only if two density matrices are the same. It is a square of a metric for pure states, and it was recently shown that this metric property holds for mixed states as well. The Bures metric is closely related to the quantum JS divergence; it is the quantum analog of the Fisher information metric.
Jensen–Shannon centroid
The centroid C* of a finite set of probability distributions can
be defined as the minimizer of the average sum of the Jensen-Shannon divergences between a probability distribution and the prescribed set of distributions:
An efficient algorithm (CCCP) based on difference of convex functions is reported to calculate the Jensen-Shannon centroid of a set of discrete distributions (histograms).
Applications
The Jensen–Shannon divergence has been applied in bioinformatics and genome comparison, in protein surface comparison, in the social sciences, in the quantitative study of history,, fire experiments and in machine learning.
Notes
External links
Ruby gem for calculating JS divergence
Python code for calculating JS divergence
THOTH: a python package for the efficient estimation of information-theoretic quantities from empirical data
statcomp R library for calculating complexity measures including Jensen-Shannon Divergence
Statistical distance |
4019580 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lateral%20giant%20interneuron | Lateral giant interneuron | The lateral giant interneuron (LG) is an interneuron in the abdominal nerve cord of crayfish, lobsters, shrimp of the order Decapoda and their relatives in the crustacean class Malacostraca. It is part of the system that controls a special kind of escape reflex of these organisms known as the "caridoid escape reaction."
When the sensory hairs of the tail fan of crayfish are stimulated, the LG activates the motor neurons that control flexion movements of the abdomen in a way that propels the crayfish away from the source of the stimulation. The LG bypasses the main neural system that controls locomotion, thus shortening the reaction time.
The lateral giant connection to motor giant fast flexor neurons was the first known example of an electrical synapse .
See also
Mauthner cell
Medial giant interneuron
Squid giant axon
References
Neurons
Crayfish |
4019582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rimnersvallen | Rimnersvallen | Rimnersvallen is a multi-use stadium in Uddevalla, Sweden. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 10,605 people.
The ground was opened on 5 May 1923 and was then rebuilt for the 1958 World Cup for which the stadium hosted two games. One of the World Cup matches played at Rimnersvallen was between Brazil and Austria. That game ended 3–0 to Brazil and was watched by 17,778 spectators, which remains the all-time attendance record for the venue.
Rimnersvallen is currently the home venue for IK Oddevold who play in Division 1 Södra.
Footnotes
External links
Rimnersvallen - Nordic Stadiums
Football venues in Sweden
1958 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Buildings and structures in Uddevalla
Sport in Uddevalla
Sports venues completed in 1923
1923 establishments in Sweden |
4019583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zygmunt%20Wiehler | Zygmunt Wiehler | Zygmunt Wiehler (10 February 1890, Kraków, Austria-Hungary –26 December 1977, Warsaw) was a Polish popular and film music composer and director.
Wiehler attended the Music Conservatory in Kraków. From 1907 he was connected professionally to many theaters in the country, and in the 1920s and 1930s, he was a musical manager and director in Warsaw cabarets ("Wodewil", "Qui pro quo", "Banda", "Perskie Oko", "Morskie Oko", "Ananas", "Wielka Rewia", "Cyganeria"). He prepared music to be presented under the theatrical director Leon Schiller. During 1935-39 he was the musical manager of Feliks Parnell's Ballet. At the dance festival during the 1936 Olympics in Berlin he shared in a medal for the Parnell Ballet. At the start of the occupation (1939–40) he played piano in Warsaw cafés, then (1940–44) directed in public theaters. After the war, he divided his time between Łódź and Warsaw theaters. At the end of the 1950s he turned to his own composing. He wrote nearly a thousand songs, of which many became hits.
He is buried in Powązki Cemetery (Section 287-VI-9/10).
Film music
Profesor Wilczur
Ada! To nie wypada! (1936)
Książątko
Ulan ksiecia Józefa (1938)
The Three Hearts (1939)
Złota maska (1940)
W chłopskie ręce (1946)
Harmonia (1947)
Sprawa do załatwienia (1953)
Operetta
Gwiazda Kaukazu
Niebieski ptak
Ballet music
Dożynki, Lajkonik
Umarł Maciek umarł
Wesele łowickie
Other music
Tomasz, skąd ty to masz
Niebieski walc
Maleńki znak
External links
Post-war film work in Polish.
Interia entry in Polish.
Polish composers
Polish film score composers
Male film score composers
Burials at Powązki Cemetery
1890 births
1977 deaths
20th-century composers
20th-century male musicians |
4019584 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langhorne%20Creek | Langhorne Creek | Langhorne Creek may refer to:
Langhorne Creek, South Australia
Langhorne Creek wine region |
4019601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/YFriday | YFriday | YFriday were a British Christian rock and worship band from Newcastle upon Tyne. From their beginning in 1994 until they split in 2010, they gained popularity amongst Christian music fans around the world, particularly in the United Kingdom. In 2010, YFriday announced that they were commencing their final months before disbanding later in the same year, after releasing a number of successful albums.
History
The group was formed in 1994, originally as the house band for a monthly evangelistic outreach event run by Youth for Christ called WhyFriday?. The WhyFriday? outreach programme initially had a regular attendance of about 50–60 young people, but this steadily grew and the event, later called IXth Hour, was held at the Newcastle City Hall for a number of years. At its peak, IXth Hour had around 800 attendees each month and the band still performed there regularly until their split.
Following the 1999 release of the Rainmaker album, the band were approached by Kingsway with an offer of a 3-year recording contract. Bassist Danny Smith joined the band in 2001, in time for the Open album. It was at this time that the band members made the decision to leave their jobs to work together full-time. They also released an EP in 2003.
From 2007 until 2010, the band supported the event Chesterfest, playing a number of gigs and performing at their "Funday on a Sunday". In February 2010, YFriday also performed alongside the worship team from Abundant Life Church, Blush and Kev Whitmore at the "Heart for Haiti" concert supporting the NXT ministries projects in Port-au-Prince after the January 2010 earthquake.
The band played at the first Big Church Day out in 2009.
YFriday played their final concert as a band in a sold out Newcastle City Hall on 31 October 2010.
Band members
Band membership has changed slightly since the original formation.
Ken Riley
Riley was the lead singer and guitarist of YFriday. He is a prolific songwriter and has collaborated with a number of other Christian songwriters including Matt Redman, Martin Smith (Delirious?) and Tim Hughes. His most globally recognised song "Everlasting God", co-written with Brenton Brown, received an ASCAP Award in 2008 and was nominated for a Dove Award.
He co-produced the YFriday album, Great and Glorious, with Sam Gibson (Crowded House, Hillsong United) and, in 2010, produced the album Supreme for the band The Steels, following their signing to Kingsway/EMI.
Riley is married to Amanda and has three children. After leaving the band he was appointed Director of Worship at City Church Newcastle and, in 2013, released his first solo EP, Wondrous Things.
Dez Minto
Minto, the band's drummer, also founded Broadwater Studios, a recording studio in Gateshead, and Minto Music, an audio-visual and lighting hire company with bases in Gateshead and Exeter. He is married to Rachael and is a father of two. After the band split, the family relocated to Devon where he is the Worship Leader at Rediscover Church (an Elim Pentecostal Church).
Danny Smith
Smith joined the band as bassist in 2001 as they signed their first professional record contract. A member of an Anglican church in South Tyneside, where he is part of the worship band and helps with the youth work, Smith also teaches guitar. Smith married Ruth. They have two children.
Gav Richards
Keyboards and second guitar player and backing vocalist, Richards was born and grew up in Hartlepool. He is part of the worship and production teams at Hillsong Church's Newcastle campus. After the band split, he worked as a sound engineer and producer for Broadwater Studios. He is now married.
Discography
Albums
Rainmaker (June 1999)
Open (2001)
Revolution (September 2003)
Universal (April 2006)
The Universal Broadcast (March 2008)
Great & Glorious (April 2009)
Everlasting God: The Best of yFriday (August 2010)
EP
Why Friday? (199?) – Very rare Audio Cassette Featuring 'Tear Down the Walls' among others.
Songs of Heaven (2003)
Gallery
References
External links
The Universal Broadcast: Live CD review
Broadwater Studios(Dez Minto's Studio)
The Last Spectacular (Gav Richards New Band)
Elim Pentecostal Church UK
English Christian rock groups
Musical groups established in 1994 |
4019607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Hawkins | Ben Hawkins | Ben Hawkins may refer to:
Benjamin Hawkins (1754–1818), U.S. statesman
Benjamin Waterhouse Hawkins (1807–1894), English sculptor and natural history artist
Ben Hawkins (Carnivàle), the protagonist in Carnivàle
Ben Hawkins (American football) (1944–2017), American football player |
4019610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Carlos%20Dittborn | Estadio Carlos Dittborn | Estadio Carlos Dittborn (Carlos Dittborn Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Arica, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium currently holds 9,746 people and was built in 1962 as a venue for the 1962 World Cup, which was hosted by Chile. It was named in honor of Carlos Dittborn, the president of the Chilean Organization Committee for the World Cup, who died one month prior to the start of the 1962 World Cup. It is the home stadium of San Marcos de Arica.
The stadium held the matches of Group 1 (consisting of Soviet Union, Yugoslavia, Uruguay, Colombia), as well as the second round match between Chile and Soviet Union. It witnessed the only Olympic goal (scored directly from a corner kick) in world cup history (as of 2018), scored by Colombian Marcos Coll against Russian goalkeeper Lev Yashin.
References
Carlos Dittborn
Carlos Dittborn
Buildings and structures in Arica y Parinacota Region
Multi-purpose stadiums in Chile
Sport in Arica y Parinacota Region
Buildings and structures in Arica
Sports venues completed in 1962 |
4019615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivet%20cendr%C3%A9 | Olivet cendré | Olivet cendré, also called cendré d'Olivet, is a French cheese from Olivet, on the Loire river, in the Centre-Val de Loire region, France. The cheese is made from cow's milk collected during the spring, when the cows graze along the banks of the Loire, and when their milk is believed to be the most flavorful. The cheese is then aged for at least one month; but typically for three months. Traditionally, the cheese was aged in containers filled with ash made from burning the clippings of grape-vines from the vineyard. The finished cheese has 45% milkfat. Today, the cheese is still made in cylinders filled with ash, imbuing a gray skin on the cheese from the ash. Olivet cendré has an earthy scent, and is considered to have a delicate taste.
References
French cheeses
Cow's-milk cheeses |
4019617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janek%20Schaefer | Janek Schaefer | Janek Schaefer (born 1970) is a British avant-garde artist, composer, musician and entertainer, known for performing and exhibiting his work with sound and installation art. He has collaborated with William Basinski, Philip Jeck, Stephan Mathieu, Chris Watson, Robert Hampson, and Charlemagne Palestine.
Life and career
Schaefer was born in England to Polish and Canadian parents.
While studying architecture at the Royal College of Art, Schaefer recorded the fragmented noises of a sound activated dictaphone travelling overnight through the Post Office. That work, titled 'Recorded Delivery' 1995 was made for the 'Self Storage' exhibition Time Out critics choice with one time postman Brian Eno, Laurie Anderson, and Artangel.
After graduating the RCA he invented the 'Tri-phonic Turntable'(1997) to create new music from discarded media and begin performing and touring live. It is listed in the Guinness Book of Records as the 'World's Most Versatile Record Player'. He has performed, lectured, and exhibited in 30 countries throughout Europe (Sonar, Tate Modern, ICA), USA & Canada (The Walker, XI, Mutek, FIMAV, Princeton), and toured across Japan and Australia including performing at the Sydney Opera House(2003)
His debut reverse play LP "His Masters Voices" was released in 1997 on his audiOh! Recordings label. The studio CD Above Buildings (2000) was released on Fat Cat and was CD of the week in The Guardian. He has played in duos and released albums with Philip Jeck (Songs for Europe CD), Robert Hampson (Comae CD), Stephan Mathieu (Hidden Name CD) and Charlemagne Palestine (Day of the Demons LP), William Basinski ('... on reflection' LP).
Schaefer is a visiting Professor in Sound Art, undertaking PhD examinations, lectures, and teaching for a variety of universities.
In 2008, using prize money from the Paul Hamlyn Award, he set up the all ages, award winning Lucky Dip Disco.
In 2009, the Bluecoat gallery in Liverpool mounted a retrospective exhibition of his 20-year career to date.
He lives and works at Narnia in Walton-on-Thames with two children, Scarlett and Phoenix.
Awards
2020: UK 'Best Mobile DJ' Award at the Event Entertainment Awards
2008: British Composer of the Year in Sonic Art Award, for "Extended Play" (triptych for the child survivors of war and conflict).
2008: Paul Hamlyn Award for Composers prize.
2004: Award of Distinction at Prix Ars Electronica, Austria, for random playing LP Skate
2002: McKnight Composer in Residence, American Composers Forum
1996: Royal College of Art Old Students Association Portfolio Prize, focusing on research intersection with architecture and sound and space.
1991: 1st Prize: Student Photography, Royal Institute of British Architects
Releases
Schaefer has released 35 albums, and runs his own label audiOh! Recordings.
References
External links
Official Artists website: janekschaefer.com
Music & Art live Archive: audiOh! Room : Janek Schaefer
Lucky Dip Disco: Lucky Dip Disco > You Pick The Hits > Funky Mobile Disco Party >
Creative Consultancy: creative-consultancy.com with Janek Schaefer
foundsoundscape: ( ( ( foundsoundscape ) ) ) : created & curated by Janek Schaefer
1970 births
British sound artists
Alumni of the Royal College of Art
Living people
English composers
English people of Polish descent
English people of Canadian descent |
4019618 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Sausalito | Estadio Sausalito | Estadio Sausalito (; Sausalito Stadium) is a multi-purpose stadium in Viña del Mar, Chile.
It is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home ground of CD Everton. The stadium holds 22,360 people, was built in 1929 and completely renovated in 2015. The stadium has hosted the 1962 World Cup, two times the Copa América (1991 and 2015) and a FIFA U-17 World Cup.
The name comes from sister city Sausalito, California, who in turn renamed their main square for Viña del Mar in the 1960s.
History
It was built during Carlos Ibáñez del Campo government in 1929.
In 1960, the stadium was practically destroyed by the Valdivia earthquake, but the rapid reconstruction financed by the municipality did that the ground was chosen as one of the venues to hold the 1962 World Cup hosting all the games of the Group C as well as one during the quarterfinals and semifinals respectively.
In 1991, Sausalito returned to international football, after appearing as one of the four venues in the Copa América of that year, alongside Santiago, Valparaíso and Concepción.
In January 2004, a new electronic scoreboard was installed in the stadium as part of the requirements for hosting the Pre-Olympic Tournament of that year.
On 19 July 2012, President of Chile Sebastián Piñera announced a reshuffle to the stadium to host the 2015 Copa América and the FIFA U-17 World Cup of the same year, which started during his government and finished few days before the Copa América during Michelle Bachelet government.
International matches
As one of the venues for the 1962 World Cup, the Estadio Sausalito hosted eight matches including the semi-final between Czechoslovakia and Yugoslavia. It was also one of four venues to host matches during the 1991 Copa América, and it was one of the eight venues to host matches during the 2015 Copa América.
1962 FIFA World Cup
1991 Copa América
2015 Copa América
2015 FIFA U-17 World Cup
References
External links
Sausalito
1962 FIFA World Cup stadiums
Sausalito
Copa América stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in Chile
Everton de Viña del Mar
Sports venues completed in 1929 |
4019628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20High%20Bridge | Battle of High Bridge | The Battle of High Bridge refers to two engagements fought on April 6, 1865 and April 7, 1865, near the end of the Appomattox Campaign of the American Civil War about northeast of Farmville, Virginia. The first battle is often the one identified as the Battle of High Bridge.
On April 6, 1865, Confederate cavalry under Major General Thomas L. Rosser fought stubbornly to secure the South Side Railroad's High Bridge and lower wagon bridge over the Appomattox River near Farmville, Virginia. A large Union Army raiding party intended to destroy the bridges to prevent the Confederate Army from crossing back to the north side of the river. Both sides had several officers killed and wounded. The Union force suffered 42 killed and wounded. The entire surviving Union force of about 800 men was captured. The Confederates suffered about 100 casualties. Union Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) Theodore Read and Confederate Colonel Reuben B. Boston were killed. Union Colonel Francis Washburn and Confederate Colonel James Dearing (often identified as a brigadier general but his appointment was never confirmed) were mortally wounded in the engagement.
On April 7, 1865, Confederate Lieutenant General James Longstreet's rear guard attempted to burn the bridges that the Confederates had saved the day before in order to prevent Union forces from following them across. Troops of the Union II Corps fought the Confederates assigned to burn the bridges in an effort to drive off the Confederates and save the bridges. Part of the railroad bridge burned and was rendered unusable but Union forces were able to save the wagon bridge over which the II Corps crossed in pursuit of General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia. Failure to destroy this bridge enabled Union forces to catch up with the Confederates north of the Appomattox River at Cumberland Church north of Farmville.
Background
High Bridge, long and high, was the crossing of the South Side Railroad over the Appomattox River and its flood plain, northeast of Farmville, Virginia. A wooden bridge for wagons was located below the railroad bridge. During the retreat of Confederate General Robert E. Lee's Army of Northern Virginia during the Appomattox Campaign, the Confederates had moved north of the river, except for a rear guard provided by Longstreet's First Corps at Rice's Station on the southern bank. The bridges had to be protected on April 6 and then destroyed on April 7 to delay the pursuit of the Confederates by the Union Army (Army of the Potomac, Army of the James and Army of the Shenandoah) under Lieutenant General Ulysses S. Grant.
On April 6, Longstreet dispatched 1,200 Confederate cavalry under Major General Thomas L. Rosser to protect the bridges from Union raiders. Union Major General Edward Ord, commanding the Army of the James, sent about 900 men under Colonel (Brevet Brigadier General) Theodore Read (Ord's chief of staff) to burn the bridge. This force consisted of the 123rd Ohio Infantry and the 54th Pennsylvania Infantry, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Horace Kellogg of the 123rd Ohio, and three companies (80 troopers) of the 4th Massachusetts Cavalry under Colonel Francis Washburn. The cavalry reached the bridge before the main Confederate force, chased away some poorly armed home guards, and secured the south end of the bridge.
Battles
While Washburn prepared to set fire to the bridge, three brigades of Confederate cavalrymen arrived and conducted a dismounted attack against the Union infantry, which was waiting near the Watson farmhouse, about half mile to the south. Hearing sounds of battle, Washburn and his men rejoined the infantry, and unaware that he was facing two divisions of cavalry, Read ordered a mounted charge by the 4th Massachusetts. The ferocious charge forced through the Confederate line of Colonel Thomas T. Munford and dissolved into hand-to-hand combat. Read exchanged gunfire with Confederate James Dearing during the fighting and was killed. Dearing was mortally wounded and died on April 22. Washburn was also mortally wounded and died 22 April 1865. The Confederates counterattacked and separated the cavalry from their supporting infantry. After another attack, the Union troopers were surrounded, and all were killed, wounded, or captured. Colonel Reuben B. Boston of the 5th Virginia Cavalry was killed in the attack. Both Read and Washburn received ranks of Brevet Brigadier General.
The survivors of the Confederate Second Corps, under Major General John B. Gordon, escaped from their defeat at the Battle of Sailor's Creek and crossed the High Bridge to the north side of the river while Major General William Mahone's division secured the bridge. The rest of Lee's army moved on to Farmville and a rendezvous with trains of rations.
Early on April 7, while Mahone's men were attempting to set fire to the High Bridge and wagon bridge, the Union II Corps commanded by Major General Andrew A. Humphreys arrived on the scene. Humphreys's second division under Brigadier General Francis C. Barlow, including the 19th Maine Volunteer Infantry Regiment, charged the burning structure and saved a large section of the railroad bridge, preventing major damage. They crossed the lower wagon bridge to move on Lee's flank and forced the hungry Confederates to resume their retreat before re-provisioning themselves.
Aftermath
With 47 Union casualties (plus 800 captured) versus only about 100 Confederate casualties, the first battle on the bridge seemed to favor the Confederates. However, the second battle, in which Union troops successfully extinguished the fire, crossed the bridge, and forced the Confederates to flee along a specific path, proved to be a decisive tactical victory, and may have shortened the war by several days.
As a result, Lee was forced to continue his march to the west under pressure, depriving some of his men the opportunity to receive rations from Farmville that they desperately needed. On the night of April 7, Lee received from Grant a letter proposing that the Army of Northern Virginia should surrender. Lee demurred, retaining one last hope that his army could get to Appomattox Station before he was trapped. He returned a noncommittal letter asking about the surrender terms "Unconditional Surrender" Grant might propose.
The next morning, Lee's troops moved toward Appomattox Station, west, where a ration train was expected to be waiting. Union forces were, however, already moving to capture the supply train.
Battlefield preservation
The Civil War Trust (a division of the American Battlefield Trust) and its partners have acquired and preserved of the battlefield. The acreage is part of the High Bridge Trail State Park, which includes a 31-mile trail and the majestic High Bridge, which is more than 2,500 feet long and sits 130 feet above the Appomattox River. The piers of the original Civil War-era bridge still stand.
Notes
References
Eicher, John H., and David J. Eicher, Civil War High Commands. Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2001. .
Eicher, David J. The Longest Night: A Military History of the Civil War. New York: Simon & Schuster, 2001. .
Kennedy, Frances H., ed. The Civil War Battlefield Guide. 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1998. .
Korn, Jerry, and the Editors of Time-Life Books. Pursuit to Appomattox: The Last Battles. Alexandria, VA: Time-Life Books, 1987. .
Lucas, Michael C. "High Bridge Battlefield Museum https://web.archive.org/web/20181113183705/http://highbridgebattlefieldmuseum.com/
Salmon, John S. The Official Virginia Civil War Battlefield Guide. Mechanicsburg, PA: Stackpole Books, 2001. .
CWSAC Report Update
National Park Service battle description
External links
High Bridge Battlefield Museum
High Bridge Trail State Park
Appomattox campaign
Battles of the Eastern Theater of the American Civil War
Inconclusive battles of the American Civil War
Battles of the American Civil War in Virginia
Prince Edward County, Virginia
Cumberland County, Virginia
1865 in the American Civil War
1865 in Virginia
April 1865 events |
4019636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Substrate%20coupling | Substrate coupling | In an integrated circuit, a signal can couple from one node to another via the substrate. This phenomenon is referred to as substrate coupling or substrate noise coupling.
The push for reduced cost, more compact circuit boards, and added customer features has provided
incentives for the inclusion of analog functions on primarily digital MOS integrated circuits (ICs) forming
mixed-signal ICs. In these systems, the speed of digital circuits is constantly increasing, chips are
becoming more densely packed, interconnect layers are added, and analog resolution is increased. In addition, recent increase in wireless applications and its growing market are introducing a new set of aggressive design goals for realizing mixed-signal systems.
Here, the designer integrates radio frequency
(RF) analog and base band digital circuitry on a single chip.
The goal is to make single-chip radio frequency
integrated circuits (RFICs) on silicon, where all the blocks are fabricated on the same chip.
One of the advantages of this integration is low power dissipation for portability due to a reduction in the number of package pins and associated bond wire capacitance.
Another reason that an integrated solution offers lower power consumption is that routing high-frequency signals off-chip often requires a 50Ω impedance match, which can result in higher power dissipation.
Other advantages include improved high-frequency performance due to reduced package interconnect parasitics, higher system reliability, smaller package count, and higher integration of RF components with VLSI-compatible digital circuits.
In fact, the single-chip transceiver is now a reality.
The design of such systems, however, is a complicated task. There are two main challenges in realizing
mixed-signal ICs. The first challenging task, specific to RFICs, is to fabricate good on-chip passive elements
such as high-Q inductors. The second challenging task, applicable to any mixed-signal IC and the subject
of this chapter, is to minimize noise coupling between various parts of the system to avoid any malfunctioning
of the system.
In other words, for successful system-on-chip integration of mixed-signal systems, the
noise coupling caused by nonideal isolation must be minimized so that sensitive analog
circuits and noisy digital circuits can effectively coexist, and the system operates correctly.
To elaborate, note that in mixed-signal
circuits, both sensitive analog circuits and high-swing high-frequency noise injector digital circuits may be
present on the same chip, leading to undesired signal coupling between these two types of circuit via the conductive substrate.
The reduced distance between these circuits, which is the result of constant technology scaling (see Moore's law and the International Technology Roadmap for Semiconductors),
exacerbates the coupling.
The problem is severe, since signals of different nature and strength interfere,
thus affecting the overall performance, which demands higher clock rates and greater analog
precisions.
The primary mixed-signal noise coupling problem comes from fast-changing digital signals
coupling to sensitive analog nodes.
Another significant cause of undesired signal
coupling is the crosstalk between analog nodes themselves owing to
high-frequency/high-power analog
signals.
One of the media through which mixed-signal noise coupling occurs is the substrate.
Digital operations cause fluctuations in the underlying substrate voltage, which spreads
through the common substrate causing variations in the substrate potential of sensitive
devices in the analog section.
Similarly, in the case of crosstalk between analog nodes, a signal can couple from one
node to another via the substrate.
This phenomenon is referred to as substrate coupling or substrate noise coupling.
Modelling, analysis, and verification of mixed signal coupling
There is a sizeable literature on substrate, and mixed signal coupling. Some of the most common topics are:
Differentiating between the random noise inherent to electronic devices and the deterministic noise generated by circuits.
Examining the physical phenomena responsible for the creation of undesired signals in a digital circuit and the mechanisms of their transport to other parts of the system. The substrate is the most common coupling mechanism, but capacitive coupling, mutual inductance, and coupling through power supplies are also analyzed.
Comparing various modeling approaches and simulation techniques. There are many possible models for digital noise generation, the substrate impedance network, and the sensitivity of the (unintended) receiver. The chosen techniques significantly influence the speed and accuracy of the analysis.
Substrate and mixed-signal analysis techniques can be applied to placement and power distribution synthesis.
References
Electronic Design Automation For Integrated Circuits Handbook, by Lavagno, Martin, and Scheffer, A survey of the field of electronic design automation. This article was derived, with permission, from Chapter 23 of Book 2, Mixed-Signal Noise Coupling in System-on-Chip Design: Modeling, Analysis, and Validation, by Nishath Verghese and Makoto Nagata
Further reading / External links
Technical Book: "Noise Coupling in Integrated Circuits: A Practical Approach to Analysis, Modeling, and Suppression", by Cosmin Iorga, Ph.D., 286pages, Hardcover
Electronic design
Electronic design automation
Electronic engineering
Integrated circuits |
4019637 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20El%20Teniente | Estadio El Teniente | Estadio El Teniente, also known as Estadio El Teniente-Codelco for sponsorship reasons, is a multi-purpose stadium in Rancagua, Chile. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium can fit 14,087 people and was built in 1945 with the name Braden Copper Company Stadium (Estadio Braden Copper Co.). The stadium is home to football club O'Higgins, which is based in Rancagua.
The stadium hosted seven matches of 1962 FIFA World Cup, where played matches of the group stage and quarter-finals.
In 2013, the stadium was renovated for hosting the 2015 Copa América, to be played in Chile. Two matches of the group stage will be played in this stadium.
History
Construction
The stadium, since its construction, was owned by the U.S. copper mining company Braden Copper Company, which operated the mineral-extraction complex "El Teniente".
The designation of the Braden Copper Stadium to host matches in the 1962 FIFA World Cup was due to an emergency. Indeed, the 1960 Valdivia earthquake severely damaged or destroyed facilities in some of the originally-designated host cities of the FIFA World Cup in 1962 including Talca, Concepción, Talcahuano and Valdivia, which caused the original schedule to be discarded and forced its almost complete modification. Further, Antofagasta and Valparaíso were deterred from fulfilling their offers to host because they could not feasibly construct self-funded stadiums, a condition that had been imposed by the Federation due to its own lack of resources. However, given the bleak outlook for the organization, the U.S. mining interests allowed the use of their stadium in Rancagua.
Nationalisation of copper
The Government of Chile acquired in 1967 51% of the shares of Braden Copper Co., as part of the general nationalization of copper, which concluded in 1971. Therefore, the ownership and management of the "Estadio Braden Copper" passed to the state-owned corporation Codelco Chile, which led to the name change to the current one.
New stadium
On May 21, 2008, the then-president Michelle Bachelet announced the "Red de Estadios para el Bicentenario", a programme in which w new stadiums were built and upgrades planned for others, among which was the Estadio El Teniente. However, remodeling El Teniente was not executed during the term of Bachelet, although this was projected, due to the 2010 Chilean earthquake.
On September 2, 2012, President Sebastian Piñera announced in Rancagua the final draft of the plans for remodelling the stadium, which will have a capacity of 15 000 spectators. Construction began on February 19, 2013, and delivery is planned for early 2014.
The Asociación Nacional de Fútbol Profesional (ANFP) announced in December 2012 that El Teniente had been selected to host the 2015 Copa América, along with Santiago, Antofagasta, La Serena, Valparaíso, Viña del Mar, Concepción and Temuco. Host venue contested with the city of Talca, however Rancagua was chosen due to its closer proximity to the Chilean capital.
Inaugural match
In the inaugural match, O'Higgins played against Lanús for the week 6 of the 2014 Copa Libertadores. The final result was 0–0,
marking the elimination of the club from the competition, as they needed a victory to advance to the next round.
Sectors of the stadium
The stadium has 5 sectors since her renovation, the Palco has 375 seats, and the totality of the other four sectors are 13,464.
Angostura (North Side)
Marquesina (West Side)
Andes (East Side)
Rengo (South Side)
Palco (VIP suite)
1962 World Cup
The Estadio El Teniente hosted seven games during the 1962 FIFA World Cup, every game of Group 4 and a quarterfinal.
Teams which played in this stadium for the 1962 FIFA World Cup:
Matches
Group 4
Quarter-finals
Chile national football team matches
The Estadio El Teniente has hosted four games of the Chile national football team, against New Zealand in 2006, Guatemala in 2008, and the United States in 2015, as well as a pre-2015 Copa América friendly match against El Salvador.
2015 Copa América
The fixture schedule was announced on 11 November 2014, and two games were played in the Estadio El Teniente for the 2015 Copa América, playing here 4 of 12 countries of the tournament. Both matches were part of the group stage.
Teams which played in this stadium for the 2015 Copa América:
Group Stage
Attendances
Note: This table only includes attendances since the remodeling of the stadium, that was officially opened in July 2014 in a match against Universidad de Chile.
1. ANFP punishment to O'Higgins playing without public one home match by the racism acts to Emilio Rentería in a match on the stadium.
Transport connections
Bus
Terminal O'Higgins is the principal bus stop of the city, and the stadium is 1.05 miles (1.7 km) away following the Rancagua avenues.
The Tur Bus terminal at Rancagua is 1.55 miles (2.35 km) away of the stadium.
Bus lines (micros) with a stop close to El Teniente are:
Trans O'Higgins lines:
101, 102 and 103 – Circunvalación
201, 202, and 203 – Isabel Riquelme
301, 302, 303 and 304 – Cachapoal
403 – Manzanal
Tramway
The stadium is 1.18 miles (1.9 km) away from the Estación Rancagua (Metrotrén).
Airport
The city only has the Aeródromo de la Independencia, but receives only the private jets and Chilean Army flights. The nearest international airport is the Comodoro Arturo Merino Benítez International Airport, in Santiago.
Images
References
El Teniente
El Teniente
1962 FIFA World Cup stadiums
El Teniente
Sports venues in O'Higgins Region
Multi-purpose stadiums in Chile
Rancagua
Sports venues completed in 1947 |
4019640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20Ordnance%20Factories | Pakistan Ordnance Factories | The Pakistan Ordnance Factories (POF) is a major firearms, defence contractor, and military corporation headquartered in Wah Cantt, Punjab, Pakistan. It is "the largest defence industrial complex under the Ministry of Defence Production, producing conventional arms & ammo to international standards. POF Board headquarter is at Wah Cantt. Presently POF 14 ordnance factories and three commercial subsidiaries. Pakistan Ordnance Factories also manufacture commercial explosives, hunting ammunition and possess extensive facilities for the manufacture of brass, copper and aluminum ingots, extrusions and sections for non-military applications. A garments factory, which has modern cloth cutting facilities, stitching units etc manufactures military uniforms and can also cater for the needs of the civil sector".
POF was founded in December 1951 by the government of Pakistan with early collaboration from the British Royal Ordnance Factory. The POF engineers, develops, produces, manufactures, and promotes a wide range of different types of infantry and special-purpose weapons, explosives, ammunition, mortars, rockets, and the military gear for Pakistan's military. Its corporate leadership comes from a deputation by GHQ where the chief of army staff (COAS) approves the appointment, but POF is under the Ministry of Defense, so the COAS is not in the direct chain of command. The POF is the earliest and one of the largest military corporations in Pakistan, and later influenced many other military corporations in the Pakistan Armed Forces.
POF produces ammunition that meets requirements set by NATO specification. Apart from military works, the POF also serves the civilian law enforcement agencies, paramilitary, and private security markets nationwide.
History
During their colonial rule, the British built sixteen ordnance factories in the British Raj, most of which were inherited by India. Pakistan's first Prime Minister, Liaquat Ali Khan, issued a directive within four months of the independence of Pakistan to establish an ordnance factory in collaboration with British Royal Ordnance Factory to manufacture 0.303 calibre rifles. In December 1951 Pakistan's second Prime Minister, Khawaja Nazimuddin, inaugurated the first four POF workshops in the small town of Wah Cantonment.
Background
Located 45 km from Islamabad and with main manufacturing facilities at Wah Cantonment, POF is a sprawling complex of fourteen production units and six subsidiaries producing conventional arms and ammunition. Research and development projects have been undertaken to minimise dependence on foreign suppliers. Efforts have been made towards self-reliance through innovation and indigenisation, for achieving the following:-
1. Optimal utilisation of surplus capacity of POF.
2. Generation of funds to supplement budget grant.
3. Participative collaboration with the private sector.
4. Enhancing exports.
POF uses technology and equipment that has been acquired from the United States, the United Kingdom, France, Germany and China. The factories in POF employ some of the latest state of the art processes, including computerised numerical controlled machines and flexible Manufacturing systems for the production of precision components.
A Stamp was also issued by Pakistan Post on the occasion of golden jubilee of POF (Dt. 28 December 2001) to honour the country's largest defence manufacturing unit's services.
POF has been awarded standards by the International Organization for Standardization. These include ISO 9001 for quality management, ISO 14001 for environmental management, and ISO 17025 for meeting the general requirements for Competence of Test and Calibration Laboratories. In 2005, P.O.F was also awarded with safety and health environment standard OHSAS 18001.
During a visit to POF, Prime Minister Shaukat Aziz made the following tribute:
"POF is an island of excellence for Pakistan. POF and its employees have played a critical and valuable role in bolstering Pakistan’s defence. We are all proud of what you have achieved. I wish you continued success in the future."
Products
POF produce approximately 70 major products for supply to the Pakistan Army, Navy and Air Force. The main products include automatic rifles, Pistols, light/medium/heavy machine guns, a wide range of mortar and artillery ammunition, aircraft and anti-aircraft ammunition, tank and anti-tank ammunition, bombs, grenades, land mines, pyrotechnics, small ammunition, rockets, military & commercial explosives & propellants and signal stores.
Ammunition
Anti-aircraft & aircraft ammunition
12.7x108 mm Soviet
20 mm phalanx
23 mm
30 mm
37 mm
Bomb HE AC 500 lb (250 kg)
Anti-tank & tank ammunition
40 mm (RPG-7P/7AP)
73 mm (SPG-9)
100 mm
105 mm
106 mm
125 mm
Tungsten alloy penetrators
Anti-submarine ammunition
Depth charge Mark II Mod 3
Artillery ammunition
88 mm howitzer
105 mm howitzer
122 mm howitzer
130 mm howitzer
155 mm howitzer
203 mm howitzer
Grenades
ARGES 84 P2A1: Fragmentation grenade
WP P3 MK1: Smoke discharge/grenade
Target Indication smoke grenades
Fuzes, Detonators & Primers
Demolition Stores
Military explosives and Propellants
Artillery ammunition propellants
Mortar and rocket ammunition propellants
Small arms propellants
Explosives
Pyrotechnics
Mortars
60 mm mortar/smoke/illuminating signal
81 mm mortar/smoke/illuminating signal
120 mm mortar/smoke
Rockets
122 mm YARMUK Rocket
Small arms ammunition
9x19mm Parabellum
5.56×45mm NATO
7.62×39mm Soviet
7.62×51mm NATO
7.62×54mmR Soviet
12 Bore Shaheen Cartridges
Infantry weapons
Pistols
ST-9 – 9 mm calibre pistol produced under license. Variants produced: ST-9S/SS.
B-6 – 9 mm calibre pistol produced under license. Variants produced: B-6C.
POF-4 – 9 mm calibre pistol (Semi-auto version of SMG-PK)
POF-5 – 9 mm calibre pistol (Semi-auto version of HK MP5)
POF-10 – (details are not available)
Sub-machine guns
HK MP5 – 9 mm calibre sub-machine gun produced under license. Variants produced: MP5A2, MP5P3.
SMG-PK – 9 mm calibre compact machine pistol. Variants produced: PK1.
Assault rifles
PK-18 – New assault rifle 7.62×51 mm calibre (G3 REPLACEMENT).
PK-21 – New assault rifle/SMG 7.62×39 mm calibre (Licensed copy of AK-103) (TYPE 56 REPLACEMENT).
HK G3 – 7.62×51 mm calibre assault rifle produced under license. Variants produced: G3A3, G3P4.
BW-20 – New assault rifle chambered as a 7.62×51 mm calibre. Currently in testing for pitch for Pakistan Army next-generation rifle requirements. BW20 has some similarities with the G3 (around 30%) with the intention to keep manufacturing costs low, however the BW20 is not an upgrade of the HK G3. It is a new rifle. POF is also reportedly working on 5.56×45 mm and 7.62×39 mm versions of the BW20. The latter design will reportedly be compatible with AK magazines. POF will likely pitch the 7.62×39 mm to both the PA and the Ministry of Interior’s (MoI) paramilitary units as service adoption for that round grows. In 2015, the Pakistan Army issued a tender for a new-generation assault rifle. It had tested many designs from all over the world, including the FN SCAR, Beretta ARX-200, CZ BREN, AK-103 and others. In the end, however, the Army did not select any of the 7.62×51 mm designs for local adoption. There were reports of Pakistan requesting the AK-103 from Russia, but the status of that program is unclear. Ultimately, it seems that POF was given the greenlight to design an original rifle. Part of the reason seems to stem from a sense that none of the foreign designs substantially improved upon the G3 in terms of its accuracy and durability. This is not to say the other rifles were not good, but the added improvement they offered may not have justified the total cost of adopting and locally manufacturing a foreign design
Precision rifles
Azb DMR MK1 – 7.62×51 mm calibre designated marksman rifle.
PSR-90 – 7.62×51 mm calibre sniper rifle, an indigenous variant of the HK MSG-90.
Light Sniper Rifle (LSR) – .308 Winchester calibre bolt action sniper rifle.
Hunting rifles
.308 Win Sporter – .308 Winchester calibre sporting/hunting sniper rifle.
Machine guns
MG 3P – 7.62×51mm NATO calibre general purpose machine gun, produced under license.
HMG PK-16 – 12.7×108mm calibre heavy machine gun, modified (Type 54P).
Type 54P – 12.7×108mm calibre heavy machine gun (DShK variant), produced under license.
POF Eye
POF Eye is a special-purpose hand-held weapon system similar in concept to the CornerShot that can fire weapons around corners. It was first revealed at the 5th International Defence Exhibition and Seminar (IDEAS 2008), held at the Karachi Expo Centre in November 2008. It is designed for SWAT and special forces teams in hostile situations, particularly counter-terrorism and hostage rescue operations. It allows its operator to both see and attack an armed target without exposing the operator to counter-attack.
Exports
In addition to meeting the demands of Pakistan Defense Forces, POF products are in service with over 40 countries in Europe, Africa, Asia, the Middle East and the Americas. Ammunition and rifles have been exported to countries such as Iraq, Croatia and Afghanistan for their respective military establishments.
POF specializes in the manufacturing of commercial explosives, hunting ammunition and possesses extensive facilities for the manufacture of brass, copper and aluminum ingots. A state of the art garments factory, manufactures military uniforms and can also cater for the needs of the civil sector.
As of post 2010s, Pakistan has been aiming to push ahead with its export market but facing difficulties due to international guidelines enforced by the United Nations.
In 2017, the POF announced it will be opening a branch in the United Arab Emirates and targeting Middle Eastern markets where it will cater not only the needs of the host country, but throughout much of the Middle East where demands are high.
Incidents
August 2008 bombing
On 21 August 2008, POF's industrial complex was the target of twin suicide bombings by the Tehrik-i-Taliban; 68 people were killed and 81 injured in the attack.
2021 explosion
See also
List of military equipment manufactured in Pakistan
List of modern armament manufacturers
List of manufacturers of Lee–Enfield rifles
Heavy Industries Taxila
Defence Science and Technology Organization
Pakistan Aeronautical Complex
References
External links
Firearm manufacturers of Pakistan
Pakistan Army affiliated organizations
Military research installations of Pakistan
Government-owned companies of Pakistan
Defence agencies of Pakistan
Pakistan federal departments and agencies
Manufacturing companies established in 1951
Pakistan–United Kingdom relations
Pakistani companies established in 1951 |
4019651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lowell%20C.%20Hansen%20II | Lowell C. Hansen II | Lowell C. Hansen II (born October 11, 1939) is an American politician from South Dakota. He is a member of the Republican Party.
Hansen who is from Sioux Falls, served as a member of the South Dakota House of Representatives from 1973 to 1978, serving as Speaker of the House of that body from 1977 to 1978. He was elected as the 33rd Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota in 1978 and re-elected in 1982 as the running mate of Bill Janklow and served from 1979 until 1987.
External links
Lowell Hansen's historical listing
1939 births
Living people
South Dakota Republicans
Lieutenant Governors of South Dakota
Members of the South Dakota House of Representatives
Politicians from Sioux Falls, South Dakota
Speakers of the South Dakota House of Representatives |
4019658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolution%20%28YFriday%20album%29 | Revolution (YFriday album) | Revolution is an album by the Christian rock band YFriday. Released in 2003, Revolution is the band's third studio album.
Track listing
Rise – 3:19
Someone I Can Live For – 2:34
Revolution – 3:22
Hands Up – 4:10
13 – 3:48
Saved the Day – 3:01
Lift – 4:03
Start of the Summer – 3:33
Shine2 – 3:32
Lament – 4:07
All music and lyrics by Ken Riley.
Personnel
Ken Riley - vocals and guitars
Gav Richards - keyboards and backing vocals
Danny Smith - bass
Dez Minto - drums
Michelle John - backing vocals
Tracey Riggan - backing vocals
Carla Hayes - backing vocals
Reception
The album was reviewed in issue 77 of the Cross Rhythms Magazine; the review was favourable, describing the album as "simply excellent" and its sound as "an organic, stripped down rock sound".
References
2003 albums
Survivor Records albums
YFriday albums |
4019665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polish%20Brazilians | Polish Brazilians | {{Infobox ethnic group
| group = Polish Brazilians Polono-brasileiroPolonia brazylijska
| native_name =
| native_name_lang =
| flag =
| image = Polish descendants in Curitiba.
| pop = 3 -5 million
| popplace = Brazil:
Mainly Southern and Southeastern Brazil
| langs = PortuguesePolishYiddish
| rels = Roman Catholicism (ethnic Poles)Judaism (Polish Jews)
| related = White Brazilians, White Latin Americans
}}Polish Brazilians' () refers to Brazilians of full or partial Polish ancestry who are aware of such ancestry and remain connected, to some degree, to Polish culture, or Polish-born people permanently residing in Brazil. Also, a Polish Brazilian may have one Polish parent.In 2021 the number of people of Polish origin in Brazil is estimated at even 5 million
Polish immigrants began arriving in Brazil in the late 19th century and their total number was estimated at around 200,000. Up until 1920, they were mostly classified as "Russians" and other nationalities due to the Partitions of Poland.
Immigration
The first Polish immigrants arrived in the port of Itajaí, Santa Catarina, in August 1869. They were 78 Poles from the area of Southern Silesia. Commandant Redlisch, of the ship Victoria, brought people from Mitteleuropa to settle in Brusque.
They were in total 16 families, among them: Francisco Pollak, Nicolau Wós, Boaventura Pollak, Thomasz Szymanski, Simon Purkot, Felipe Purkot, Miguel Prudlo, Chaim Briffel, Simon Otto, Domin Stempke, Gaspar Gbur, Balcer Gbur, Walentin Weber, Antoni Kania, Franciszek Kania, André Pampuch and Stefan Kachel. The Poles were placed in the colonies Príncipe Dom Pedro and Itajaí, in the area of Brusque.
Fewer Poles immigrated to Brazil than Portuguese or Italians, but many Poles have settled in Brazil. From 1872 to 1959, 110,243 "Russian" citizens entered Brazil. In fact, the vast majority of them were Poles, since east of Poland along Vistula river was under Russian rule, and ethnic Poles immigrated with Russian passports.
West of Poland was part of German Empire, therefore these Poles migrated as German citizens.
The State of Paraná received the majority of Polish immigrants, who settled mainly in the region of Curitiba, in the towns of Mallet, Cruz Machado, São Matheus do Sul, Irati, Rebouças, Rio Azul and União da Vitória.
Most Polish immigrants to Southern Brazil were Catholics who arrived between 1870–1920 and worked as small farmers in the State of Paraná. Others went to the neighboring states of Rio Grande do Sul and Santa Catarina and São Paulo, which is a state as well as a city. After the 1920s, many Polish Jews immigrated seeking refuge from Europe, settling mainly in the State of São Paulo. Today most Brazilian Jews are of Polish descent.
In 1871, with the help of Father Antônio Zieliński, well connected in the court of Dom Pedro II, in Rio de Janeiro, Wos-Saporski, later nicknamed the "Father of Polish Colonization in Paraná", obtained permission from the emperor for this group (as German citizens), already expanded (32 families), could migrate to the Pilarzinho colony in the region of Curitiba, thus founding the first Polish colony in Brazil with the support of the government of Paraná.
Until June 1873, 809 Polish immigrants arrived in Paraná, of which 454 were provisionally lodged in Curitiba. In September 1873, another 64 families (258 people) disembarked in Santa Catarina and again with the help of Wos-Saporski and the authorization of Frederico José Cardoso de Araújo Abranches, then president of the Province of Paraná, they settled 6 km from Curitiba in the current Abranches neighborhood.
In 1875 about two thousand Poles lived on the outskirts of Curitiba. In 1877 the number had already jumped to six thousand immigrants. Thanks to the action of Adolfo Lamenha Lins, who presided over the province of Paraná between 1875 and 1877, there was a synchrony between the colonization of the territory, rural development and immigration. Lamenha understood the difference between spontaneous and official immigration, so, during his government, he encouraged the establishment of new immigrants in Paraná by funding their journey from the ports of Paranaguá and São Francisco do Sul to Curitiba and by creating several colonial agricultural centers. He also invested in infrastructure and access, enabling the movement of goods and ensuring the supply of foodstuffs to nearby markets. In the last report sent to the Legislative Assembly (1877), Lins states that six thousand immigrants lived on the outskirts of the capital. The most important colonies founded at this time were: Santa Cândida (1875), Orleans (1875), Thomas Coelho (Araucaria - 1876), Santo Inácio (1876), Dona Augusta (1876), Lamenha (1876), D. Pedro II ( 1876), Riviere (1877).
In 1878, colonies Murici, Zacarias, Inspetor Carvalho and Coronel Accioly were created. Also in 1878, 28 Polish immigrant families settled in Colônia Moema, in the municipality of Ponta Grossa. Soon after, more families arrived in the municipality, creating new colonies: Taquari, Guaraúna, Rio Verde and Itaiacoca.
In 1907, a school was founded in Ponta Grossa that catered to the needs of Polish children, in a space attached to the Sant'Ana Chapel and directed by the Servas do Espírito Santo sisters. In 1908 the school had more than 50 Polish students. The school closed in 1933. In 1937 Paraná had 167 Polish ethnic schools. The first school run by a Polish immigrant in Paraná was opened in October 1876 by Jerônimo Durski in the Orleans colony, in Curitiba.
In 1934, the Maritime League Colonizer (LMiK - Liga Morska i Kolonialna) founded the Morska Wola agricultural colony, in the municipality of Cândido de Abreu. In 1939 the colony had 195 families, approximately 700 people, most of them Polish.
1886 is considered the starting point of Polish immigration in the state of Rio Grande do Sul. A group of 300 immigrants, unable to adapt to the climate of the state of Bahia, where they first headed, migrated to the north of Porto Alegre and founded the Santa Teresa and Santa Bárbara colonies. In 1888, they were demarcated from the lots of the Mariana Pimentel Colony, which received the first waves of Polish immigrants the following year. In 1890 a group of Polish immigrants arrived in Porto Alegre who headed for the town of São Feliciano, current municipality of Dom Feliciano. Most were from Kongresówska (the part of Poland occupied by Russia). The immigrants received lots and started making houses, planting crops and raising animals. They were very religious and one of the first things they built were chapels.
In this first phase, few Polish settlers settled in Santa Catarina due to the climate and hostile territory (inhabited by Indians). They did not live well with the German colonies, which were predominant in the region. Santa Catarina was at the time a province of passage, where immigrants disembarked at the port of Itajaí but headed mainly for Paraná and Rio Grande do Sul.
In 1873, around 60 Polish families (as German citizens) arrived in Espírito Santo from Prussia, Pomerania and Silesia (from the Wrocław region), and together with the Germans they settled mainly in Santa Leopoldina and Santa Teresa. According to Brazilian sources, from 1876 onwards, the colonization of the 25 de Julho River valley, located in the lower part of the Santa Teresa mountain range, towards the Rio Doce, began, primarily by Italian, German and Swiss immigrants. The following year, Poles occupied the lands along the 5 de Novembro River, starting the colony called Patrimonio dos Polacos or Santo Antônio dos Polacos. In the north of Espírito Santo, the city of Águia Branca, which received its name for being the symbol of Poland, is founded by the association called Colonizing Society of Warsaw.
Religion
In a 1991 poll with Polish immigrants residents in Southeastern Brazil, 48.5% reported to be Jewish, 36.4% Catholic, 10.7% adherents of other religions and 4.5% non-religious.
Polish culture in Brazil
The State of Paraná still retains a strong influence from the Polish culture. Many small towns have a majority of Polish-descendants and the Polish language is spoken by some of them, although nowadays most Polish Brazilians only speak Portuguese. The city of Curitiba has the second largest Polish diaspora in the world (after Chicago) and Polish music, dishes and culture are quite common in the region. Curitiba was largely influenced by a mayor Jaime Lerner.
Polish communities
Important Polish communities include:
Paraná: Eufrosina, São Mateus do Sul, Santa Bárbara, Prudentópolis, Ivaí, Apucarana, Cândido de Abreu, Castro, Piraí do Sul, Palmeira, Cruz Machado, Guarapuava, Irati, Curitiba and others.
Santa Catarina: Lucena (current Itaiópolis), Rio Vermelho, Massaranduba, Grã-Pará, Nova Galícia, Brusque and others.
Rio Grande do Sul: Alfredo Chaves (now Veranópolis), Antônio Prado, Bento Gonçalves, Dom Feliciano, Mariana Pimentel, Ijuí, Guaraní das Missões, Áurea, Gaurama, Alpestre, Jaguari, Erechim, and others.
São Paulo: São Bernardo do Campo, Pariquera-Açu, Rio Claro, São Paulo, and others.
Espírito Santo: Águia Branca, Santa Leopoldina, and others.
Notable Polish Brazilians
Alessandra Ambrosio, supermodel. She was born in Erechim, Rio Grande do Sul.
Alexandre Herchcovitch, fashion designer. He is from a Jewish orthodox family, and was born in São Paulo.
Angélica Ksyvickis, Lithuanian, Polish and Ukrainian descent, Rede Globo hostess, actress and singer. She was born in Santo André, São Paulo.
Edson Zwaricz, footballer. He was born in União da Vitória, Paraná.
Henrique de Curitiba, Zbigniew Henrique Morozowicz, composer. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
Jaime Lerner, politician. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
Letícia Wierzchowski, novelist and screenwriter. The author of the popular "A Casa das Sete Mulheres" series of historical novels, she was born in Rio Grande do Sul
Mizuho Lin singer of the Brazilian melodic death metal band Semblant.
Maurício Waldman, environmentalist. He was born in São Paulo.
Paulo Leminski, poet and writer. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná.
Paulo Szot, Tony Award-winning opera singer and actor. He was born in São Paulo.
Xuxa, German, Austrian, Italian, and Polish descent, Rede Globo hostess and Latin Grammy Award-winning singer. She was born in Santa Rosa, Rio Grande do Sul.
Serginho Groisman, Polish mother, Rede Globo´s "Altas Horas" show host. He was born in São Paulo.
Francisco Lachowski, model. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná (Polish father)
Samuel Klein, founder of Casas Bahia and philanthropist. A Holocaust survivor, Klein emigrated to São Caetano do Sul.
Ricardo Lewandowski, minister of Brazilian supreme court. He was born in Rio de Janeiro.
Thaís Pacholek, actress. She was born in Curitiba.
Thiago Rangel Cionek, footballer. He was born in Curitiba.
Vicente Mickosz, radio broadcaster. He was Born in Cuririba.
Filipe Luís Kasmirski, footballer. He was born in Jaraguá do Sul, Santa Catarina.
Leandro Narloch, journalist and writer. He was born in Curitiba, Paraná state .
Rudolf Komorek, missionary declared Venerable in 1995
Ariane Lipski, mixed martial artist born in Curitiba who fights in the UFC. Her grandfather migrated to Brazil from Poland before World War II for security reasons.
Zbigniew Marian Ziembiński. Actor and director of drama, movies and television. One of the founders of the Modern Brazilian Theater with the 1943 performance of A Bride's Gown (Vestido de Noiva), written by the dramatist Nelson Rodrigues.
The image of Polish Brazilians in Polish culture
Polish writer Maria Konopnicka published in 1910 a poem Mister Balcer in Brazil'' (Pan Balcer w Brazylii). Balcer fails to assimilate and returns to Poland. Mieczysław Lepecki had visited several South American countries, including Brazil, preparing mass emigration from Poland, and published several books about South America. Kazimierz Warchałowski returned to Poland and published there books about Brazil.
See also
Brazil–Poland relations
Morska Wola
Maritime and Colonial League: Attempted Polish overseas possessions
References
European Brazilian
Brazil
Brazil |
4019668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Stuart%2C%20Countess%20of%20Lennox | Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox | Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox née Cavendish (31 March 1555 – 16 January 1582) was an English noblewoman and the wife of Charles Stuart, 1st Earl of Lennox. She was the mother of Arbella Stuart, a close relation to the English and Scottish thrones.
Family
Elizabeth Cavendish was born in Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, on 31 March 1555, the daughter of Bess of Hardwick and her second husband Sir William Cavendish. Catherine Grey was one of her godmothers. Bess was a Lady of the Bedchamber to Queen Elizabeth I and became one of the wealthiest women in England. Elizabeth Cavendish had seven siblings, two of whom died in early infancy.
Marriage to the Earl of Lennox
In 1574, Elizabeth Cavendish secretly married Charles Stuart, 1st Earl of Lennox, the younger brother of Henry Stuart, Lord Darnley, and a claimant to the English throne. Queen Elizabeth I became enraged at the two sets of parents for arranging such a controversial marriage without her permission. The Queen sent Elizabeth's mother and mother-in-law, Margaret Douglas, to imprisonment in the Tower of London.
In 1575, Elizabeth gave birth to her only child, Arbella Stuart. Her husband died in 1576 of tuberculosis.
Elizabeth herself died six years later on 21 January 1582 at age 26. The Earl of Shrewsbury wrote to William Cecil that his wife, Bess of Hardwick, "takes my daughter Lennox's death so greivously that she neither does nor can think of anything but of lamenting and weeping."
References
Antonia Fraser, Mary, Queen of Scots, Dell Publishing Co., Inc. New York, 1971
David N. Durant, Arbella Stuart: A Rival to the Queen, Weidenfeld & Nicolson, 1978
Mary S. Lovell, Bess of Hardwick, First Lady of Chatsworth, Little, Brown, 2005
1555 births
1582 deaths
Elizabeth Stuart, Countess of Lennox
16th-century English women
Scottish countesses
16th-century English nobility |
4019675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20former%20WB%20affiliates | List of former WB affiliates | This is a list of stations which were affiliated with The WB in the United States at the time of the network's closure. The WB shut down September 17, 2006. Former affiliates of The WB became affiliates of The CW, MyNetworkTV, reverted to independent status, or shut down entirely. Some WB affiliates dropped WB programming on September 5, 2006 in favor of MyNetworkTV.
From January 1995 to September 2006, Tribune Broadcasting was an investor in The WB, along with the Warner Bros. division of Time Warner. Tribune held an initial 12.5 percent stake in the network at its launch, and later increased it to 22 percent; most of Tribune's television properties were key WB affiliates but not owned-and-operated stations of the network as Time Warner had controlling interest in it. On January 24, 2006, Warner Bros. Television announced that they would merge The WB with the CBS-owned United Paramount Network to form a new programming service called the CW. All but three of Tribune's WB stations joined the CW on September 18, 2006, through ten-year agreements. Tribune does not have an ownership interest in the CW. In late March 2008 Tribune announced that San Diego affiliate KSWB-TV would switch its network affiliation to Fox in August of that year. The future status of the CW affiliation in San Diego remained unclear until early July when the network named the soon-to-be-displaced Fox affiliate, Tijuana-licensed XETV, as its new affiliate. Stations in bold are Tribune owned and operated stations.
Alabama
Birmingham WTTO1 21/WDBB 171
Dothan WBDO Cable 3/63
Huntsville/Decatur/Florence WAWB2 (no analog channel; broadcast only on digital subchannel of WZDX and on area cable systems)
Mobile WBPG1 55
Montgomery WBMY Cable 14
Alaska
Anchorage KWBX
Fairbanks KWBX
Juneau KWJA
Arizona
Phoenix KASW1 61
Tucson KWBA1 58
Yuma KWUB Cable 6
Arkansas
Fort Smith KBBL-TV2 34
Jonesboro KJOS Cable 60
Little Rock KWBF2 42
California
Bakersfield KWFB cable 12
Chico KIWB cable 10
Eureka KWBT
Los Angeles KTLA-TV1 5
Monterey KMWB cable 14
Palm Springs KCWB
San Diego KSWB-TV1 69 (cable 5)
San Francisco-Oakland-San Jose KOFY-TV3 20
Sacramento-Stockton KQCA-TV2 58
Sanger-Fresno KFRE-TV1 59
Santa Barbara/Santa Maria/San Luis Obispo KWCA Cable 5
Colorado
Denver KWGN-TV1 2
Grand Junction KWGJ
Connecticut
Hartford-New Haven WTXX1 20
District of Columbia
Washington WDCW1 50
Florida
Ft. Myers - Naples WTVK1 46 (cable 6)
Gainesville WBFL cable 10
Jacksonville WCWJ1 17 (formerly WJWB 1997-2006)
Miami - Ft. Lauderdale WDZL/WBZL/WSFL1 39
Orlando - WKCF1 18
Panama City WBPC
Tallahassee WFXU / WTLF1 57 / 24
Tampa Bay Area WWWB WB32 (now WMOR-TV1996-1998) WTTA2 WB38
West Palm Beach WTCN2 43
Georgia
Albany WBSK
Atlanta WATL2 36
Augusta WBAU cable 23
Columbus WBG
Macon WBMN cable 3
Savannah WBVH cable 13
Hawaii
Honolulu KFVE2 5
Idaho
Boise KWOB1 Cable 13
Idaho Falls KPIF 15
Twin Falls KWTE
Illinois
Champaign-Urbana-Springfield WBUI1 23
Chicago WGN-TV1 9 (nationwide from 1995-1999)
Peoria WBPE
Quincy WEWB cable 6
Rockford WBR cable 14
Indiana
Bloomington (Indianapolis) WTTV1 4
Evansville (Madisonville, KY) WAZE-TV1 19
Fort Wayne WBFW1 37 (part of the WB 100+ station group)
Kokomo WTTK1 29
South Bend WMWB-LP1 25
Terre Haute WBI cable 3
Iowa
Burlington/Quad Cities KGCW1 26
Des Moines KPWB1 23/KCWI1 56 (DT22 MyNetworkTV on 56.2)
Iowa City/Cedar Rapids KWKB-TV12 20
Ottumwa KWOT
Sioux City KXWB The WB 100+
Kansas
Topeka WBKS cable 5
Wichita KWCV1 33
Kentucky
Bowling Green WBWG1 cable 12
Campbellsville-Columbia-Louisville WBKI-TV1 34
Madisonville WAZE-TV1 19
Paducah WDKA2 49
Louisiana
Alexandria KBCA 41
Baton Rouge WBRL-CD1 21
Lafayette KLAF-LP 46 (shared with UPN, 1995-1999), KLWB (TV) 50 (2006)
Lake Charles WBLC
Monroe KWMB cable 12
Morgan City KWBJ 39
New Orleans WNOL1 38 (originally a FOX affiliate until 1995)
Shreveport KSHV2 45, KPXJ 21 (Shared affiliation with UPN on KSHV from 1997-2003 & on KPXJ in September 2006)
Maine
Bangor WBAN1 cable 4
Portland-Auburn-Augusta WPXT1 51
Presque Isle WBPQ1 cable 13
Maryland
Baltimore WNUV1 54
Salisbury WBD cable 3
Massachusetts
Boston WLVI1 56
Springfield WBQT1 "WB 11"/"WB 16" (The WB 100+)
Michigan
Alpena WBAE-TV5 cable 21 (through The WB 100+ Station Group)
Battle Creek WZPX4 43 (secondary affiliation; Pax TV (now Ion Television) was primary affiliation)
Detroit WMYD2 20
Lansing WBL1 cable 30
Marquette WBMK
Saginaw WBSF1 46
Traverse City WBVC-TV1 cable 61 (through The WB 100+ Station Group)
Minnesota
Duluth KWBD Cable 2
Mankato KWYE Cable 23
Minneapolis-St. Paul WUCW1 23
Rochester KWBR Cable 18
Mississippi
Biloxi WBGP
Columbus WBWP
Greenwood WBWD
Hattiesburg WBH Comcast Cable 59
Jackson WUFX2 35
Meridian WBMM
Missouri
Columbia-Jefferson City KJWB Cable 5
Joplin-Pittsburg KSXF
Kansas City KSMO-TV2 62
St. Joseph WBJO
St. Louis KPLR-TV1 11
Springfield KWBM2 31
Montana
Billings KWBM
Butte KWXB
Glendive KWZB
Great Falls KWGF
Helena KMTF 10
Missoula KIDW
Nebraska
Lincoln-Hastings-Kearney KWBL (The WB 100+)
North Platte KWPL
Omaha KXVO-TV1 15
Nevada
Las Vegas KVMY2 21
Reno KREN-TV 27
New Hampshire
There were none in this state, but the WB was offered from WLVI Boston, WPXT Portland, and WFFF-TV Burlington-Plattsburgh.
New Mexico
Albuquerque KWBQ1 19
New York
Albany-Schenectady-Troy WCWN1 45 (formerly WEWB-TV 1999-2006; now owned by Sinclair Broadcast Group)
Binghamton WBXI1 cable 11
Buffalo WNYO2 49
Elmira/Corning WBE1 cable 2
New York WPIX-TV1 11
Rochester WRWB1 cable 16 (formerly owned by Time Warner Cable; now owned by Deerfield Media and operated by Sinclair Broadcast Group)
Syracuse WNYS-TV2 43
Utica WBU1 cable 11
Watertown WBWT1 cable 14/22
North Carolina
Charlotte WMYT-TV2 55 (formerly WWWB 2001-2006)
Greenville-New Bern-Washington WGWB-TV5 The WB 100+
Lexington-Greensboro-High Point-Winston-Salem WCWG1 20 (formerly WTWB-TV 2000-2006)
Raleigh-Durham-Fayetteville WLFL-TV1 22
Wilmington WBW1 cable 29
North Dakota
Fargo/Grand Forks WBFG1 Cable 8
Bismarck KWMK1 Cable 14
Ohio
Cincinnati WSTR-TV2 64
Cleveland WBNX1 55
Columbus WWHO1 53 (shared affiliation with UPN)
Dayton WBDT-TV1 26
Lima WBOH cable 3
Toledo WT051 Cable 5
Youngstown WBCB1 Digital/Cable (WFMJ 21.2)
Zanesville WBZV
Oklahoma
Oklahoma City KOCB1 34
Tulsa KQCW1 19 (formerly KWBT 1999-2006)
Oregon
Bend KWBO1 Cable 14
Eugene-Springfield KZWB1 Cable 11
Medford KMFD
Portland-Salem-Vancouver, WA KRCW-TV1 32 (formerly KWBP 1995-2006)
Pennsylvania
Erie WBEP 3
Philadelphia WPHL-TV2 17
Pittsburgh WCWB (now WPNT2) 22
Scranton-Wilkes-Barre-Hazleton WSWB1 38 (shared affiliation with UPN)
Williamsport WQMY2 53 (formerly WILF, a repeater of WSWB)
Rhode Island
Providence WLWC1 28 (shared affiliation with UPN)
South Carolina
Charleston WBLN5 26/Cable 14
Elgin-Columbia WKTC2 63/Cable 4
Florence-Myrtle Beach WFWB5
Greenville-Spartanburg-Anderson-Asheville, NC WMYA-TV2 40
South Dakota
Sioux Falls KWSD1 36
Rapid City KWBH-LP1 27
Tennessee
Chattanooga WFLI-TV1 53
Jackson WBJK
Knoxville WBXX-TV1 20
Memphis WLMT1 30
Nashville WNAB1 58
Tri-Cities WCYB-TV DT21 5.2 (cable "WB4")
Texas
Abilene KWAW
Amarillo KDBA cable 11
Austin KNVA12 54
Beaumont/Port Arthur KWJB (cable WB10)
Corpus Christi KWDB cable 16/23
Dallas/Ft. Worth KDAF1 33
Harlingen/Weslaco/Brownsville/McAllen KMHB Cable 53 (formerly KHWB 1998-2003)
Houston KHTV/KHWB/KHCW1 39
Laredo KTXW cable 19
Lubbock KWBZ 22
Odessa/Midland KWWT1 30 "WB30"
San Angelo KWSA cable 14
San Antonio/Kerrville KMYS2 35 (now a CW affiliate)
Sherman KSHD
Tyler/Longview KWTL (as part of The WB 100+)
Victoria KWVB
Waco KWKT2 44 (dual Fox/WB affiliate) (now Fox/MNTV affiliate)
Wichita Falls KWB
Utah
Salt Lake City KUCW1 30
Vermont
Burlington WFFF-TV4 44 (shared affiliation with FOX)
Virginia
Bristol-Kingsport, TN-Johnson City, TN WCYB-DT21 5.2
Charlottesville WBC
Harrisonburg WBHA
Norfolk-Portsmouth-Newport News-Hampton-Virginia Beach WTVZ2 33
Richmond WWBT4 12 (primary affiliation is with NBC)
Roanoke-Lynchburg WFXR DT21 21.2/WWCW DT2 20.2 (formerly cable "WB 5 (WBVA-TV)", digital subchannel of former WJPR)
Washington
Seattle-Tacoma-Olympia KTZZ/KTWB-TV/KMYQ/KZJO2 22
Spokane KSKN-TV1 22
Yakima-Pasco-Richland-Kennewick KWYP
West Virginia
Bluefield-Beckley WBB1 The WB 100+
Charleston-Huntington-Portsmouth, Ohio WQCW1 30/WOCW-LP 21/WVCW-LP 45 (shared affiliation with UPN) (formerly WHCP/WOWB/WBWV 1995-2006)
Clarksburg WVWB
Parkersburg WBPB
Wheeling WBWO 18 (cable)
Wisconsin
Green Bay WCWF1 14
La Crosse WBCZ cable 15
Madison WBUW1 57
Milwaukee WVTV1 18
Wausau WBWA cable 15
Wyoming
Casper KWWY
Cheyenne KCHW
Notes
Key:
1 = affiliate that joined The CW Television Network
2 = affiliate that joined MyNetworkTV
3 = affiliate that became an independent station
4 = affiliate that dropped secondary WB affiliation
5 = affiliate status uncertain
Key affiliates of The WB that were owned by Tribune Broadcasting during their time as a WB affiliate are denoted in bold.
See also
The WB
The WB 100+ Station Group
WB affiliates
WB
The WB |
4019680 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan%20Yida | Yuan Yida | Yuan Yida () is a researcher from the Institute of Genetic and Developmental Biology at the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He is a leading researcher on Chinese surnames in mainland China, and has been working on statistical studies of surname distribution in the People's Republic of China over the past two decades. He led the research on an updated, 2006 version of the Hundred Family Surnames, a text of popular surnames originally published in the Song Dynasty, encompassing 4100 surnames from 296 million individuals in 1110 counties.
Yuan Yida was born in 1947 in Shanghai, tracing his ancestry to Fenghua, Zhejiang. He spent much of his youth in Ningbo, before moving to Beijing and attending Beijing University. Between 1988 and 1992 he conducted research at Stanford University. In mainland China he has published more than 30 articles and two monographs.
In 1987, he estimated there were between 12,000 to 13,000 surnames in China.
He demonstrated that two individuals with the same surname in China could have received that surname from one of several different surnames in an earlier era, casting doubt over the notion that those who share the same surname today would be considered "belonging to the same family five hundred years ago".
He has remarked that fortune-telling based on surnames exists in China, labeling it "nonsense". He claimed that research on surnames may invoke patriotic feelings in overseas Chinese by drawing them closer to other Chinese with the same surname.
References
Genealogists
1947 births
Living people
Writers from Shanghai
Peking University alumni
Stanford University faculty |
4019690 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20American%20%C3%A9p%C3%A9e%20fencers | List of American épée fencers | This is a list of American épée fencers. (Only noted and contemporary American épée fencers are included):
Tamir Bloom
Aleina Edwards
Kelley Hurley
Weston Seth Kelsey
Maya Lawrence
Fred Linkmeyer
Michael Marx
Robert Marx
George Gabriel Masin
Cody Mattern
John Moreau
Jon Normile
Chris O'Loughlin
Arlene Stevens
Robert Ernest Stull
Soren Thompson
Benjamin Bratton
Albert Wolff
See also
Fencing
List of American sabre fencers
List of American foil fencers
USFA
USFA Hall of Fame
Fencers, epee |
4019705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoare | Hoare | Hoare is an English surname derived from Middle English hor(e) meaning grey- or white-haired. Notable people with the surname include:
Albert Alfred Hoare, known as Bert Hoare (1874–1962), South Australian politician
Des Hoare (born 1934), Australian cricketer
Desmond Hoare (Royal Navy officer) (1910–1988), British sailor and educator
Edward Hoare (disambiguation), several people
Elizabeth Hoare (1915–2001), English church furnisher and actress
Henry Hoare (banker) (1677–1725), English banker and land-owner
Henry Hoare (1705–1785), English banker and garden owner-designer
James Hoare (born 1943), British academic and historian
Joe Hoare (1881–1947), English footballer
John Gurney Hoare (1810–1875), English cricketer and banker
Kelly Hoare (born 1963), Australian politician
Louisa Gurney Hoare (1784–1836), English diarist and writer
Mad Mike Hoare (1919–2020), Irish mercenary leader
Marko Attila Hoare (born 1972), British historian
Mary Hoare (1744–1820), English artist
Peter Hoare (disambiguation), several people
Prince Hoare (elder) (c.1711–1769), English sculptor
Prince Hoare (younger) (1755–1834), English painter and dramatist
Sir Richard Hoare (banker) (1648–1718), British goldsmith, banker and politician
Sir Richard Hoare, 2nd Baronet (1758–1838), British antiquarian and archaeologist
Sir Samuel Hoare, 1st Baronet (1841–1915), English politician
Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood (1880–1959), British politician
Sarajane Hoare, British-born fashion journalist, stylist and magazine editor
Seamus Hoare, Gaelic footballer
Sean Hoare (1963–2011), British journalist
Seán Hoare (born 1994), Irish professional footballer
Simon Hoare (born 1969), British politician
Sir Tony Hoare (born 1934), British computer scientist
Wilfred Hoare (1909–2003), English cricketer and headmaster
William Hoare (c.1707–1792), British painter
See also
Hoare baronets, four Baronetcies
Hoare logic, named after its inventor, Tony Hoare
References
English-language surnames |
4019724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20Beckerman | Bernard Beckerman | Bernard Beckerman (1921–1985) was a Shakespeare scholar, a theatre director. He was also the head of Hofstra University's department of drama, and later the Chair of Brander Matthews Professor of Dramatic Literature at the Columbia University's theater department.
Beckerman's books include Dynamics of Drama, Shakespeare at the Globe, and Theatrical Presentation: Performer, Audience and Act.
From 1950 to 1961, Beckerman directed all the plays at Hofstra's annual Shakespeare festival. Beckerman was also responsible for introducing the Poo-wa-bah tradition at Hofstra, which continues to this day.
His wife was Gloria Brim (b.), Professor of literature at the Adelphi University, who married the cardiologist Jeremiah Stamler in 2004.
In 1982 he established the annual seminar on Shakespeare (582) at the Columbia University, during which, after his death, a Bernard Beckerman Memorial Lecture is presented in honor of the founder.
References
Sources
"Bernard Beckerman on Dramatic Literature"; in: Burnet M. Hobgood (ed.), Master Teachers of Theatre: Observations on Teaching Theatre by Nine American Masters, Southern Illinois University Press (pp. 23–24)
Shakespearean scholars
American theatre directors
1921 births
1985 deaths
20th-century American poets
Hofstra University faculty
Columbia University faculty |
4019730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lee%20Ki-hyung | Lee Ki-hyung | Lee Ki-Hyung (born September 28, 1974) is a football coach and former player from South Korea.
Club career
Lee has spent most of his club career playing for Suwon Samsung Bluewings and Seongnam Ilhwa Chunma, the two powerhouses of South Korean football.
Club career statistics
International career
Lee frequently represented South Korea between 1995 and 2004 without ever appearing at a major tournament. He has also played for the Korean Youth team.
International goals
Results list South Korea's goal tally first.
External links
Lee Ki-hyung – National Team stats at KFA
1974 births
Living people
Association football defenders
South Korean footballers
South Korean expatriate footballers
South Korea international footballers
Suwon Samsung Bluewings players
Seongnam FC players
FC Seoul players
FC Seoul non-playing staff
Incheon United FC managers
Busan IPark managers
Auckland City FC players
K League 1 players
Expatriate association footballers in New Zealand
Footballers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of South Korea
Sportspeople from South Jeolla Province
South Korean expatriate sportspeople in New Zealand
Korea University alumni
New Zealand Football Championship players |
4019732 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20Inland%20Voyage | An Inland Voyage | An Inland Voyage (1878) is a travelogue by Robert Louis Stevenson about a canoeing trip through France and Belgium in 1876. It is Stevenson's earliest book and a pioneering work of outdoor literature.
As a young man, Stevenson desired to be financially independent so that he might pursue the woman he loved, and set about funding his freedom from parental support by writing travelogues, the three most prominent being An Inland Voyage, Travels with a Donkey in the Cévennes (1879) and The Silverado Squatters (1883).
Voyage was undertaken with Stevenson's Scottish friend Sir Walter Grindlay Simpson, mostly along the Oise River from Belgium through France, in the Fall of 1876 when Stevenson was 26 years old. The first part, in Belgium, passed through heavily industrial areas and many canal locks, proving to be not much of a vacation. They then went by rail to France, starting downriver at Maubeuge and ending at Pontoise, close to the Seine. The route itinerary has become a popular route for modern travelers to re-enact with guidebooks and maps available.
Stevenson (named "Arethusa" in the book after his canoe) and Simpson (called "Cigarette" along with his canoe) each had a wooden canoe rigged with a sail, comparable in style to a modern kayak, known as a "Rob Roy". They were narrow, decked, and paddled with double-bladed paddles, a style that had recently become popular in England, France, and neighboring countries, inspired by Scottish explorer John MacGregor's book A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe (1866).
Outdoor travel for leisure was unusual for the time, and the two Scotsmen were often mistaken for lowly traveling salesman (a status that more than once kept them from a room for the night), but the novelty of their canoes would occasion entire villages to come out and wave along the banks with cheers of "come back soon!" A fundamentally Romantic work in style and tone, the book paints a delightful atmosphere of Europe in a more innocent time, with quirky innkeepers, traveling entertainers and puppeteers, old men who had never left their villages, ramshackle military units parading with drums and swords, and gypsy-like families who lived on canal barges.
The first edition was published by C. Kegan Paul & Co. Since then there have been several editions; a later edition adds an adventure on foot in which Stevenson is thought to be a beggar and is tossed in jail by police, and also a preface by Stevenson's future wife Fanny Vandegrift Osbourne and stepson Lloyd Osbourne, who met him on this journey.
References
External links
Digitised copy of An inland voyage from the C. Kegan & Paul & Co. edition (1878) from National Library of Scotland. JPEG, PDF, XML versions.
ibiblio.org This site has the full text of An Inland Voyage, using the Cockbird Press edition (1991).
Andrew Sanger (1991), An Inland Voyage, with a Travel Guide to the route, published by Cockbird Press (1991) , most up to date travel itinerary for those repeating the journey, includes annotations and illustrations to the original text. See also: Andrew Sanger.
An Inland Voyage, from the University of Virginia. Includes pictures from an early edition and HTML format.
An Inland Voyage, a later edition containing a preface by the Osbourne's and an Epilogue. HTML format.
An Inland Voyage, from Project Gutenberg.
"Rob Roy", drawings of the "Rob Roy" canoe from A Thousand Miles in the Rob Roy Canoe (1866)
John Alexander Hammerton. In the track of R. L. Stevenson and elsewhere in old France. Bristol, J. W. Arrowsmith; etc., 1907. From Internet Archive.
1878 books
Books by Robert Louis Stevenson
British travel books
Books about Belgium
Books about France
Canoeing in Belgium
Canoeing in France
Canoeing in Europe |
4019738 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow%2C%20East%20Ayrshire | Moscow, East Ayrshire | Moscow is a hamlet in East Ayrshire in Scotland. It is on the A719 road some east of Kilmarnock. In 2006 its population was reported as 118. It is represented in the "Galston West and Hurlford North" ward of East Ayrshire Council.
Name
The name is thought to be a corruption of "Moss-hall" or "Moss-haw" but its spelling was amended in 1812 to mark Napoleon's retreat from Moscow. The name may also be of Brittonic origin, and derived from the words maɣes, "field" and coll, "hazel" (Welsh maes-coll). A stream called the Volga Burn flows through the village. Locally the land and forest around Cowans Law to the north-west is referred to as 'Little Russia'.
The hamlet also shares the same latitude (55° North) as the Russian city. The village is well known in Russia for its name.
History
Walter Emery of the Kilmarnock Glenfield Ramblers had researched the names Moscow, Volga and Ruschaw in 1933. The Ordnance Survey (OS) notified him that the local residents had authorised the name 'Moscow' and that the name appears on Aitken's 1829 map, the valuation role, the Grougar Estate map, and Johnson's 1828 County map. The Ordnance Survey also referred to a local tradition that the name was derived from the burning of Moscow in Russia in 1812, the first house in Moscow in Ayrshire having been built at about that time. Ayr County Council suggested that "during the Crimean war there were various refugees and prisoners located in the neighbourhood, and it was then that Russian names were given to various places."
Shaw records that "a generation ago Russian prisoners of war were located between Galston and Fenwick, at a place called Moscow".
In the Spring of 1884 a Mr. Rankin was found murdered in a gruesome fashion at his lonely cottage near Moscow. He was said to be well-to-do, however although no clues were found, theft was considered to be the motive; the guilty party was never brought to justice. Mr. McNabb, a retired police officer, related that in his opinion the murder was carried out by a somnambulist who was therefore unaware of the deed. He had never ventured this opinion officially for fear of being laughed out of the force.
During the 2022 Russian invasion of Ukraine, a Ukrainian flag was planted by a road sign in the village by the locals to show their support for Ukraine.
Micro-history
Recently (2008) a personal airstrip was established in a field near the village for light aircraft.
The village is referenced in the song "Hayfever" by The Trash Can Sinatras on their album I've Seen Everything: "Moscow's in Ayrshire, what's the problem?"
See also
River Irvine - tributaries listed.
References
Notes
Sources
Aitken, John. The Humours of Ayrshire or Travels with a Bookstall. Kilmarnock : D. Brown & Co.
Emery, Walter (1933), Armsheugh Glen and Templetonburn, 19 August 1933. Annals of the Kilmarnock Glenfield Ramblers Society. Jubilee Number. 1934.
Shaw, James Edward (1953). Ayrshire 1745-1950. A Social and Industrial History. Edinburgh : Oliver & Boyd.
External links
Local government website
Villages in East Ayrshire
Hamlets in Scotland |
4019742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%20Soundtracks%20for%20Angela%20Bulloch | Two Soundtracks for Angela Bulloch | Two Soundtracks for Angela Bulloch is an EP by the American musician David Grubbs which was written to accompany the artwork of Angela Bulloch.
Track listing
"Z Point" – 8:14
"Horizontal Technicolour" – 13:12
References
2005 EPs |
4019747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%B0zmir%20Economic%20Congress | İzmir Economic Congress | İzmir Economic Congress () was held in İzmir, Turkey between 17 February - 4 March 1923, shortly after the end of the Turkish War of Independence and during the interval between the two conferences that led to the Lausanne Treaty the same year. The conference was held in order to emphasize the importance of Turkish economic development, as the country had been shattered by years of war. Early Turkish economic policy was articulated at this congress.
The newborn republic was to have a mixed economy—as advised by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. Mustafa Kemal's conjunctural words have long been quoted by the statist economists in Turkey in an effort to justify the state's role in economy.
A second Congress under the same name and with stressed references to the first was held in 1981 after the 1980 Turkish coup d'état, and a third (named Economic Congress of Turkey) was organized by Turkey's State Planning Organization (T.C. Başbakanlık Devlet Planlama Teşkilatı) in 2004, both times also in İzmir, although these last two are far from having the historic significance of the first.
An exhibition of various commercial products organized simultaneously to the Congress, in İzmir's Hamparsumyan House, used as storehouse for the Ottoman Bank at the time, is considered to be the precursor of today's İzmir International Fair.
See also
Statism
References
Lewis, Bernard. "The Emergence of Modern Turkey". Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1966.
Zurcher, Eric. "Turkey: A Modern History". London: I.B. Tauris, 1993.
Economic Congress
Economic Congress
1923 in Turkey
Economic history of Turkey
1923 conferences |
4019758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gems%20TV | Gems TV | Gems TV was a jewellery manufacturer and reverse auction TV shopping network headquartered in Chanthaburi, Thailand. It began its operations in October 2004 in the UK, and then expanded to Germany, America, Japan and China. Gems TV was formed from the merger of Thaigem Limited and Eagle Road Studios, which formed Gems TV UK Limited, which eventually became a subsidiary of Gems TV Holdings Limited when the company expended to other countries.
For the fiscal year ending 30 June 2009, revenues amounted to $162.16 million, down 31% from the previous year, with a gross profit of $53 million.
Since the closure of Gems TV USA and the sale of Gems TV (UK) and Gems London (Gems TV Japan) in 2010, the company no longer focuses on jewellery production and the sales through their own shopping channels.
History
Gems TV began in October 2004, in the UK from the joint venture of Eagle Road Studios and Thaigem. The partnership came about from Thaigem initially stocking Eagle Road Studios' channel Snatch It! and after the success of the jewellery on the channel, one of Eagle Road's other channels Factory Outlet was replaced with 'Gems.tv'. Eagle Road Studios ran the channel alongside 'Deal Of The Day' and 'Snatch It!'.
In April 2005, Eagle Road Studios announced that 'Snatch It!' was to close down and was to be replaced with a second jewellery channel, focusing solely on Sterling Silver after a successful trial run on the channel. During the closing down process of Snatch It!, the new channel was being named 'Gems TV Silver'. However, when the 2nd channel officially launched on 12 May 2005, Gems TV was rebranded as Gems TV Gold and received a completely new identity and studio. The 2nd channel was simply known as 'Gems TV'. Both channels ran alongside 'Deal Of The Day' at the same time was replaced with mobile phone shopping channel; 'MyPhone.tv'. In June 2005, it was announced that both Thaigem and Eagle Road Studios had merged to form 'Gems TV UK Limited' and as a result, on the 19 July 2005, the 'MyPhone.tv channel was sold off to Canis Media Group.
Gems TV Holdings was listed on the Singapore Stock Exchange in November 2006 and at this time Gems TV employed over 2200 people worldwide dropping to around 1,100 people worldwide by 2010.
Jewellery production
Gems TV owns its gem production facilities are in Chanthaburi, Thailand. The Gems TV company (now also known by the parent company name of TGGC Limited, or Gemporia) buys cut and polished gems, crafts its products, and then sell them through its various television channels; hence the motto, '[C]utting out the middlemen', and its claim that they can consistently undercut high street prices.
The company claims to sell the world's widest variety of gems, including rarities such as Block D Tanzanite. The channel utilizes a falling price - or 'reverse' - auction game.
Sale of Gems TV (UK) Limited
On 18 June 2010, Gems TV Holdings sold Gems TV (UK) Limited (a wholly owned subsidiary) to The Colourful Company Group Limited, which is the company that owns and runs rival channel Rocks TV, Gem Collector and Jewellery Maker.
As a result of the sale, this has now brought Gems TV (UK) Limited back under the ownership of Steve Bennett, who was one of the original founders of the company back in 2004.
Gems TV UK
Gems TV USA
See also
Gems TV (UK)
Gems TV (USA)
Gems TV (Germany)
Juwelo TV (on German Wikipedia)
References
External links
Official UK site
Official US site
Official German site (Now inactive)
Official Japanese site
Share price on Singapore stock market. (Now inactive as well)
Shopping networks
Television channels and stations established in 2004 |
4019764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20K.%20Atkinson | Arthur K. Atkinson | Arthur K. Atkinson (1892–1964) was an executive of the Wabash Railroad. After working for the Denver and Rio Grande Railroad, he joined the Wabash in 1922 and was promoted to vice president in 1929. In 1947 he became chief financial officer, and president in 1947. He was elected to be chairman of the board in 1959, and he retired from the company in 1960.
In 1949, Atkinson served as a director for the Chicago Railroad Fair.
Legacy
Railroad car ferry number 6 owned by Ann Arbor Railroad was named Arthur K. Atkinson in his honor on March 14, 1959, when it returned to the Great Lakes after a rebuild.
References
20th-century American railroad executives
Wabash Railroad
1892 births
1964 deaths |
4019767 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellen%20Biddle%20Shipman | Ellen Biddle Shipman | Ellen Biddle Shipman (November 5, 1869 – March 27, 1950) was an American landscape architect known for her formal gardens and lush planting style. Along with Beatrix Farrand and Marian Cruger Coffin, she dictated the style of the time and strongly influenced landscape design as a member of the first generation to break into the largely male occupation.
Commenting about the male dominated field to The New York Times in 1938, she said "before women took hold of the profession, landscape architects were doing what I call cemetery work." Shipman preferred to look on her career of using plantings as if she "were painting pictures as an artist." Little of her work remains today because of the labor-intensive style of her designs, but there exist preserved spaces, including the Sarah P. Duke Gardens at Duke University, often cited as one of the most beautiful American college campuses.
She is buried in Plainfield, New Hampshire, near Brook Place, her estate there.
Early life
Shipman was born in Philadelphia, and she spent her childhood in Texas and the Arizona territory. Her father, Colonel James Biddle, was a career Army officer, stationed on the western frontier. When the safety of his family was threatened, he moved them to the McGowan farm in Elizabeth, New Jersey. Shipman attended boarding school in Baltimore, Maryland, where her interests in the arts emerged and by her twenties she had already started drawing garden designs.
When she entered the Harvard annex, Radcliffe College, Shipman met a playwright attending Harvard named Louis Shipman. They left school after one year, married, and moved to Plainfield, New Hampshire, in the Cornish Art Colony, which included Maxfield Parrish and Augustus Saint-Gaudens. The colony is said to have been landscaped by artists who were not architects, but had artistically trained eyes and an awareness for the aesthetics of repose, which gave rise to a collection of some of the finest gardens in the country. Shipman took strongly to the Cornish style, one that focused on geometric patterns and colonial plantings, and with it created her own style – a style which did not go unnoticed.
Collaboration
Shipman's colleague and fellow member of the Cornish Art Colony, Charles A. Platt, was an artist and architect known for his interest in Italian gardens. Platt recognized Shipman's talents. He did not know much about horticulture, but was highly respected and thought of as "the man who could design both house and garden for a country estate", for he had recently made a trip to Italy and wrote a book about the gardens there.
By the time the Shipmans divorced in 1910, Ellen Shipman was well on her way to establishing herself as a talented garden designer nationwide. She and Platt played off their mutual requirements: Platt needed Ellen for her knowledge of horticulture and Ellen needed Platt for his knowledge of drafting and design. Shipman was also heavily influenced by Gertrude Jekyll's brilliant use of borders, as well as memories of her grandparents’ farm. By 1920 she was working independently of Platt, though they continued to collaborate on his residential projects.
Designs
Among Shipman's earliest collaborations with Platt was the Cooperstown, New York estate of Fynmere in 1913, owned by the Cooper family on the edge of the village. This project, for descendants of William Cooper, provided significant visibility for Shipman. While the stone mansion was demolished in 1979, a few elements of the landscape work survive. Shipman also designed the adjoining Cooper estate of Heathcote, which is extant today in private hands. A similar task was undertaken at the Gwinn Estate in Cleveland, where she was asked by Platt to aid him and Warren H. Manning in their garden designs. It was finished in 1912, one of her earliest projects, and one where her job was largely planting oriented, filling the designs of Platt with lush flower arrangements. The courtyard gardens of Manhattan's Astor Court Building were another Platt-Shipman collaboration. Platt and Shipman's 1915 design for the Parmelee estate, The Causeway, in Washington D.C. included a Wild Garden surrounding the mansion and formal gardens. It featured mature trees, large clumps of plants such as rhododendron, walking and riding paths, stone bridges and a pond. This, and a substantial one-acre Wild Garden at Longue Vue House and Gardens, are the only surviving examples of Shipman's Wild Gardens. The Causeway is now called Tregaron Estate and is open to the public.
Seen in many ways as Platt's protégé, Shipman was asked on various occasions to rework one of his gardens, including Platt's first major commission, High Court. Located across the road from Platt's own house in Cornish, New Hampshire, Anson Goodyear hired Shipman to revitalize the plantings and reconfigure the garden walls.
Her other significant gardens include the Bayou Bend Gardens, Longue Vue Gardens in New Orleans, Stan Hywet Gardens, the Graycliff Estate (now under restoration), Stranahan Estate (also under reconstruction), Middleton House and Robert M. Hanes House at Winston-Salem, North Carolina and Duke University's Sarah P. Duke Gardens, which is often named one of her finest works.
Shipman created her own residential gardens all over the United States, collaborating with many architects. Her planting plans softened the bones of geometric architecture with planting designs that were muscular enough to speak for themselves. She once said, "Remember that the design of your place is its skeleton upon which you will later plant to make your picture. Keep that skeleton as simple as possible."
Public recognition and solo work
Shipman's gardens often appeared in magazines, including House Beautiful. In 1933, House & Garden named her the "Dean of Women Landscape Architects". She lectured widely, and completed over 400 projects. Her archives are at Cornell University. Because much of her work includes labor-intensive plantings and borders, many have not survived. However, it was because of these borders that she was able to connect with her female clientele. Her intent was to provide privacy and a place for interaction with the surroundings. Women found the gardens provided familiarity and comfort.
It is said that throughout the 40 years she practiced landscape architecture, Shipman would only hire graduates from Lowthorpe School of Landscape Architecture, Gardening, and Horticulture for Women. Although it is not thoroughly understood why this was her hiring practice, it is widely believed that because of the time, women were not being given apprenticeships in male offices.
References
Further reading
Tankard, Judith B. Ellen Shipman and the American Garden. 2018. Amherst, MA: Library of American Landscape History, and Athens, GA: The University of Georgia Press.
Karson, Robin. The Muses of Gwinn. 1995. Amherst, MA: Library of American Landscape History, and New York: Sagapress, Inc.
Mozingo, Louise A, and Linda L Jewell. Women In Landscape Architecture: Essays On History and Practice. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland & Co., 2012.
Stan Hywet Hall and Gardens. Ellen Biddle Shipman. 2006. Stan Hywet Hall and Garden. 29 Oct. 2006
External links
Guide to the Ellen McGowan Biddle Shipman Papers at Cornell University The majority of Ellen Biddle Shipman's archives are housed at the Division of Rare and Manuscript Collections at Cornell University
Library of American Landscape History: The Muses of Gwinn by Robin Karson.
Library of American Landscape History: Ellen Shipman and the American Garden by Judith B. Tankard.
American landscape and garden designers
Women landscape architects
American gardeners
1869 births
1950 deaths
Radcliffe College alumni
Duke family
People from Plainfield, New Hampshire |
4019771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Here%20Be%20Dragons | Here Be Dragons | Here Be Dragons is a historical novel written by Sharon Kay Penman published in 1985. The novel is the first in a trilogy known as the Welsh Princes series set in medieval England, Wales and France that feature the Plantagenet kings.
Plot
Here Be Dragons is the first of Penman's trilogy about the medieval princes of Gwynedd and the monarchs of England. England's King John uses his out-of-wedlock daughter Joanna as a negotiating tool by marrying her to the Welsh noble Llewelyn to avoid war between England and Wales.
Joanna and Llewelyn's marriage is marred by resentment from Llewelyn's illegitimate son, Gruffydd. Joanna gives birth to two legitimate children, Elen and Dafydd. Growing animosity between the English and Welsh results in Joanna having to act as a diplomatic intermediary between her husband and her father, and the situation deteriorates when Gruffydd is taken hostage by John and narrowly escapes execution. Joanna becomes determined that her own son, Dafydd, will be his father's heir as ruler of Gwynedd, disregarding the Welsh law that all sons should receive equal shares of their father's inheritance. Family disagreements lead Joanna into an affair with William de Braose, who is several years her junior and whom she has met earlier in the story when he was a hostage in Llewelyn's household. Their affair is discovered and William is executed. Joanna is placed in secluded captivity, but at the end of the book Llewelyn comes to find her and offers her forgiveness.
Style and genre
Penman utilizes characters who are in conflict and develops them well. Penman's characterizations are strong, with innocuous historical figures added to the story. She takes the slight historical mention of a character, such as Llewelyn's brother Adda, and adds him to the story, about whom she says, "All we know of Adda is his name."
Llewelyn's seneschal Ednyfed Fychan, the forebear of King Henry VII, is important as Llewelyn's trusted friend. Of Fychan, Penman remarks: "I can't recall a time when I didn't know that Ednyfed was the ancestor of Henry Tudor. I assume I must have encountered that fact early in my research. Despite his dubious descendants, I was rather fond of Ednyfed as a character."
Although set in the 12th and 13th centuries, narrative in her novels takes place in medieval sites that still exist and can be visited, including castles, churches and archeological areas. Areas such as Aber Falls and Dolwyddelan Castle have important scenes in Here Be Dragons. The possible remains of the Palace have recently been excavated in Abergwyngregyn.
In a discussion about teaching with historical fiction, scholars Alun Hicks and Dave Martin note that Penman is careful to make the details of her novel reflect the needs of the genre, talking about objects and practices which give the reader historical immersion.
Themes
Penman juxtaposes the central love story between Joanna and Llewelyn the Great against a tapestry of medieval conventions, wars for territory, and the conflict between Llewelyn's fight to maintain an independent Wales and to appease the English King John. Of her research and characterization of Joanna, Penman explains: "All we know about Joanna ... are the bedrock facts about her life. I took those facts and did my best to breathe life into them, seeking to create a woman who would have acted as we know she did. ... Joanna is a rare exception, a woman who made an impact upon her times and who is still remembered today in Wales as Llewelyn's Siwan." In the early 1980s, Penman moved to the Welsh mountains to conduct research for the novel.
In particular, Penman's characters are strong individuals, sometimes, as some reviewers pointed out, too strong. However, Rhian Piprell looks to Penman's treatment of Joan as a reminder that the idea of women wielding power and being influential is not a something unique to the modern world.
Penman explains in an interview: "I think Dragons ... was virgin territory for most readers. The saga of the Plantagenets was much better known, but not many people were familiar with medieval Wales or its princes. And then, too, the story of Llewelyn and Joanna, King John’s illegitimate daughter, is a remarkable one, which struck an emotional chord with many readers."
Reception
One critic wrote of Here Be Dragons that although it is a "good solid book" the 700 page read "lacks magic". The review in Library Journal cautions readers about the book's slow start, and confusing use of names, but concedes the novel is "involving" and "enjoyable". Moreover, the reviewer believes Joanna's character lacks depth, but other characters "are bigger than life."
New York Times Book Review was critical of list-like story telling which is too "brisk" and a tendency for tropes which slow the reader down too much. Other reviews are positive. For example, School Library Review claims Here Be Dragons "keeps readers enthralled," and that the novel is a "wonderful melange of historical fiction." A Publishers Weekly review of one of Penman's subsequent books, describes Penman's writing as a "magnificent combination of history and humanity that Penman's readers have come to expect again animates her latest work (after Here Be Dragons)".
Publication history
Here Be Dragons was initially published in 1985 by Holt, Rinehart, and Winston and a year later in the United Kingdom by Collins. In the UK a paperback edition was released in 1986, published by Fontana. In August 1987 Avon Books issued a paperback edition. In 1991 Penguin reissued a paperback edition. In May 2008 Macmillan reissued a trade paperback in the United States.
Legacy
Here Be Dragons, along with the subsequent novels Falls the Shadow and The Reckoning, inspired a sightseeing trail backed by the Tourism Partnership North Wales. The "Penman Trail", as it has been dubbed, visits locations which feature prominently in the books, including Dolwyddelan Castle and Abergwyngregyn.
Notes
References
1985 American novels
Historical novels
Novels by Sharon Kay Penman
Novels set in the Middle Ages
Novels set in Wales
Cultural depictions of John, King of England
Holt, Rinehart and Winston books |
4019774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20Thomas%20Howard | Lord Thomas Howard | Lord Thomas Howard (1511 – 31 October 1537) was an English courtier at the court of King Henry VIII. He is chiefly known for his marriage (later invalidated by Henry) to Lady Margaret Douglas (1515–1578), the daughter of Henry VIII's sister, Margaret Tudor, for which he was imprisoned in the Tower of London, where he died on 31 October 1537. The affair is referenced in a verse by his nephew, the poet Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey.
Early life
Howard was a younger son of Thomas Howard, 2nd Duke of Norfolk by his second marriage to Agnes Tilney. He was a half-brother of Thomas Howard, 3rd Duke of Norfolk, son of the 2nd duke by his first marriage, and is often confused with his elder brother.
Lord Thomas was at court in 1533 when his niece, Anne Boleyn, married King Henry VIII as his second wife, and helped to bear the canopy at the christening of Anne's daughter, Elizabeth. In the years which followed he was often at court, and it was there that he met Lady Margaret Douglas (1515–1578), the daughter of Henry VIII's sister, Margaret Tudor, and her second husband, Archibald Douglas, 6th Earl of Angus (c. 1489 – 1557). By the end of 1535 Lord Howard and Lady Margaret Douglas had fallen in love and become secretly engaged.
Imprisonment and death
Howard's niece, Queen Anne, fell from power in May 1536. This undoubtedly contributed to the King's fury when in early July 1536 he learned of the marriage contract of Lord Thomas and Lady Margaret since Lady Margaret was at the time next in the line of succession as a result of the King's bastardization of his daughters Mary and Elizabeth. The couple were committed to the Tower, and on 18 July 1536 an Act of Attainder accusing Howard of attempting to 'interrupt ympedyte and lett the seid Succession of the Crowne' was passed in both houses of Parliament. The Act sentenced Howard to death, and forbade the marriage of any member of the King's family without his permission. The death sentence was not carried out, and Lord Thomas languished in the Tower even though Lady Margaret was required to renounce their relationship by King Henry's minister Thomas Cromwell. While in the Tower, Lady Margaret fell ill, and the king allowed her to be moved to Syon Abbey under the supervision of the abbess. There are many reports that her illness was her pregnancy with Lord Thomas Howard's son and thus she was sent to the Abbey during her confinement. She was released from the Abbey on 29 October 1537. Howard remained in the Tower, where he caught an illness and died on 31 October 1537. There is an unsubstantiated tradition that he was poisoned. His body was given to his mother, the Dowager Duchess of Norfolk, with the stipulation that it be buried 'without pomp'. Howard was interred at Thetford Abbey.
In 1540 Lady Margaret Douglas was disgraced in a similar affair with Thomas Howard's nephew Sir Charles Howard, the son of Lord Thomas's elder half-brother Lord Edmund Howard, and a brother of Henry VIII's fifth wife, Katherine Howard.
Poem
Lord Thomas's nephew, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey, referred to his death in a poem to "his Geraldine" (Lady Elizabeth Fitsgerald):—
If you be fair and fresh, am I not of your hue?
And for my vaunt I dare well say, my blood is not untrue;
For you yourself doth know, it is not long ago
Sith that for love one of the race did end his life in woe,
In Tower both strong and high, for his assured truth,
Whereas in tears he spent his breath, alas, the more the ruth!
This gentle beast so died, whom nothing could remove,
But willingly to seek his death for loss of his true love.
Footnotes
References
1511 births
1537 deaths
Younger sons of dukes
Thomas Howard
English people who died in prison custody
Prisoners in the Tower of London
16th-century English people |
4019787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Rodney%20Sullivan | Kevin Rodney Sullivan | Kevin Rodney Sullivan (born August 3, 1958) is an American film and television actor and film director.
Early life and acting career
Sullivan is a native of San Francisco who began his career as a child actor. He grew up in St. Francis Square in the Fillmore district of San Francisco as the youngest of three children. His father was a bus driver, and his mother was a receptionist for the St. Mary's hospital. According to Sullivan, he was "one step up from a housing project". During sixth grade while performing A Midsummer Night's Dream, Sullivan's talents were picked up by Ann Brebner, who placed him and his entire class as extras in a movie by Sidney Poitier, They Call Me Mr. Tibbs! in 1970. This was his first experience with cinema. Brebner would continue to give him auditions for various roles. In 1970, he was picked up for a job in an Alpha-Bits Cereal commercial, making over $7,000 off of that role alone. He continued to obtain small roles in theater productions and doing commercials. Most notably, He got a role as the Master of Ceremonies during a show of Sesame Street that was being filmed live at Golden Gate Park. He was made to "sit on this big garbage can with a microphone and introduce the various skits," with Jim Henson controlling the puppets.
Sullivan then went on to get a part in a movie called Thumb Tripping, with Meg Foster, following which he got a part in a series called Wee Pals on the Go. The series was based on a comic strip by Morrie Turner and featured an integrated neighborhood. He played the part of Randy, "a kid with a big afro who loved sports," according to Sullivan. For Christmas, the producer of that series gave Sullivan his first 8-millimeter camera with which he first experimented in film. He acquired a scholarship to St. Ignatius College Preparatory, which was a Jesuit all-boys high school located in the Sunset District of San Francisco. "The school had 1,200 boys, only forty of them were black," according to Sullivan. At St. Ignatius, Sullivan was challenged in his class work for the first time, and because of his race, was barred from the theater program as well. "I felt out of place and no one tried to make me feel otherwise," Says Sullivan.
At one point he joined the Young Conservatory of the American Theater, located in downtown San Francisco. As a senior at St. Ignatius, he convinced the theater department to allow him to direct Ceremonies in Dark Old Men, by Lonne Elder; and following this, the school asked him to be the lead in a production of The Tea House of the August Moon.
Due to his successes in his acting career, Sullivan applied to the Juilliard School in New York, which emphasizes the arts. John Houseman, who had at the time recently received an Oscar for his role in The Paper Chase, was his interviewer. Houseman's comments on Sullivan's abilities at the time were thus: "You have talent, but you're only seventeen years old. Most of our students come here after four years of college. I don't think you're ready for New York City just yet". And so, Sullivan ended up at Willamette University in Salem, Oregon instead, where he was offered a scholarship through their theater program. He applied to be an English major, as he was growing increasingly interested in writing. "I was a whale in a fish bowl," says Sullivan, who was quite overqualified for the college's theater program. He ended up being the lead, Proteus, in Two Gentlemen of Verona, for which he had only auditioned as a supporting role. Sullivan was in quite a few plays following that, and was chosen by the school to direct a production of Slow Dance on the Killing Ground, a play by William Hanley. He then decided to produce a play of his own creation, leaving the school to do it as an independent study. He never went back.
In the summer of 1987, Sullivan left for Los Angeles. He began by working with a friend and fellow actor in Hollywood. From there he began to write scripts. On a particular four-day trip to DC, he picked up inspiration for characters in his later works from fellow passengers on his ride who he'd spent time talking to. While his scripts were largely unnoticed, his trip would inspire later works. In the meantime, however, his acting was noticed after he auditioned for small parts in a few movies, including as Lieutenant in More American Graffiti (1979), Tyrone in Night Shift (1982), March in Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982), and John Grant in The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984).
Early screenwriting
At the age of twenty-two when he was able to sell a television script for the first time, it was for an episode of Fame for the ABC network. This connection to ABC allowed him to write the TV drama series Knightwatch in 1988. In 1992, Sullivan directed the pilot for a television series on ABC entitled Moe's World, which is a story narrated by a kid who has been killed in a car crash. The story "tackled" topics such as teenage pregnancy and death as well as other topics that tend to affect teenagers today. However, while ABC bought the pilot, the show was never picked up by that network. Fox considered purchasing the show as well, but did not follow through.
Despite that minor setback, this background allowed Sullivan to jump into directing movies for HBO: the short film "Long Black Song", which was one of three in the America's Dream (1996) anthology movie, and Soul of the Game (1996). The later was a docudrama on how African Americans "broke the baseball color barrier" which follows the "triumphant and tragic stories" of Jackie Robinson, Satchel Paige, and Josh Gibson as they make their way out of the Negro leagues, and into the Majors. "For African Americans in this century," Sullivan told The New York Times regarding Soul of the Game, "one man's victory is often the result of others paving the way, sometimes making the triumph both bitter and sweet". The movie was eventually pulled from air and is no longer available on television. Sullivan's successes presented him with many opportunities, including the ability to collaborate with George Lucas on Red Tails, a story about the Tuskegee airmen, a famous African American Aerial unit from World War II; as well as with Norman Jewison on an adaptation of The Good Times Are Killing Me. In addition to these series, Sullivan also produced Frank's Place (1987), I'll Fly Away (1991), Boy Meets Girl (1993), and Cosmic Slop (1994), before his first major production.
Major film productions
The movie How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998) swept the NAACP Image Awards, won the award for Outstanding Picture and was Kevin Rodney Sullivan's Hollywood directorial debut. The movie was based on a popular novel at the time, and follows the story of Stella (played by Angela Bassett) who is a single mother of one who finds love in Jamaica with a man much younger than her named Winston (played by Taye Diggs). It also had other notable stars such as Whoopi Goldberg, who plays Stella's best friend in the movie. The film, while not the first to use a tropic paradise as its background, "may be the first to blatantly portray a tropical paradise as a sexual mecca beckoning tired American businesswomen to shed their clothes and inhibitions," according to a review by The New York Times. Despite some mixed reviews, Sullivan still "provides a movie that speaks in a recognizable way to a black audience, particularly black women who have found themselves omitted from serious screen depiction over the decades".
Sullivan's next major production was Conviction (2002), based on the autobiography of Carl Upchurch entitled Convicted in the Womb. The movie wrestles with race relations, and issues pertaining to jail and gang violence, as well as the use of derogatory terms towards people of African descent. The main character, after being reformed in jail goes on a mission to help lower youth violence in America, by inviting all the largest gang's leaders to a church meeting about violence. Upchurch himself had a cameo within the movie as a jail cell guard.
He then went on to produce Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004), which was a sequel to the original Barbershop (2002), with the entire original cast returning with some additions. Notable cast members include: Ice Cube, Cedric the Entertainer, Anthony Anderson, and a brief cameo by Queen Latifah in promotion of her own spinoff of the Barbershop franchise.
The latest major film production by Kevin Sullivan was Guess Who (2005); the idea for the movie was originally a collaborative effort by Ashton Kutcher and Bernie Mac. As Kutcher explained in an interview about his choice of directors, "I had a conversation with Kevin before we started the movie. And the reason that I liked Kevin -- we picked Kevin to do the movie, Bernie and I did, because what he knew the movie needed was heart. And he was more concerned about the heart than the comedy". The movie focuses on a young white man (played by Kutcher) attempting to marry an African American woman, while trying to seek the approval of her overprotective father (played by Bernie Mac). Working with Sullivan did have its impact upon the film, as Kutcher explains, "Well, working for Kevin Sullivan was a very different experience for me. Kevin didn't just let us go. At no point in time did Kevin just let us go... And I think that that brought a different performance for each of us from what we'd done before". The movie received mostly mixed reviews.
Recent screenwriting
In the four years between How Stella Got Her Groove Back and Conviction, Sullivan wrote and collaborated with the producers of The West Wing (2000), which followed a fictional White House staff about on various fictional activities.
Sullivan then developed a pilot for the series Watching Ellie (2002), and wrote some scripts for The Guardian (2002) which was a crime drama that ran for two seasons.
Following the release of Conviction, he began working on scripts for The Henry Lee Project (2003). This series followed a veteran policeman turned private detective. The part of the policeman was played by notable actor Danny Glover.
The most notable of his recent screenplays is 30 Rock (2008), which has received national acclaim and many awards including Emmy awards for Outstanding Comedy Series in 2007, 2008 and 2009. The show was renewed by NBC for a sixth season in 2010. Tina Fey was the original project writer, and created the storyline to be based on her own life story. Sullivan collaborated with three other producers, including Alec Baldwin on this show, especially on the second season. However, despite winning awards for being an outstanding comedy, 30 Rock has been chronically underrated throughout its six seasons of being on air, with a viewership of nearly 5.3 million viewers.
Filmography
More American Graffiti (1979) - Lieutenant
Star Trek II: The Wrath of Khan (1982) - March
Night Shift (1982) - Tyrone
The Adventures of Buckaroo Banzai Across the 8th Dimension (1984) - John Gant
Frank's Place (1987, TV Series)
Knightwatch (1988, TV Series)
Moe's World (1990)
I'll Fly Away (1991, TV Series)
Boy Meets Girl (1993)
Cosmic Slop (1994)
America's Dream (1996)
Soul of the Game (1996)
How Stella Got Her Groove Back (1998)
The West Wing (2000, TV Series)
Watching Ellie (2002, TV Series)
The Guardian (2002, TV Series)
Conviction (2002)
The Henry Lee Project (2003, TV Series)
Barbershop 2: Back in Business (2004)
Guess Who (2005)
30 Rock (2008, TV series)
Lincoln Heights (2009, TV series)
Eastwick (2010, TV series)
Modern Family (2010, TV series)
NCIS (2011, TV series)
Anger Management (2013, TV series)
Grey's Anatomy (2016–18, TV series)
How to Get Away with Murder (2016, TV series)
Notorious (2016, TV series)
Being Mary Jane (2017, TV series)
Dynasty (2017, TV series)
Quantico (2018, TV series)
Riverdale (2017–18, TV series)
Titans (2018–19, TV series)
You (2019, TV series)
Evil (2019, TV series)
This Is Us (2021, TV series)
Episode #79: "There"
Rise (TBD, film)
References
External links
1958 births
African-American film directors
African-American television directors
Film producers from California
American male screenwriters
American television directors
Film directors from San Francisco
Living people
Screenwriters from California
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American people |
4019792 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20H.%20Hoffman | George H. Hoffman | George Harrison Hoffman (January 21, 1838August 31, 1922) was the second Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota from 1891 to 1893.
Life
George Hoffman was born in Adams County, Pennsylvania. In 1844 he moved with his parents to DeKalb County, Indiana where his father worked as teacher and farmer, while he attended the local schools. Later he worked as a carpenter and he was also engaged in agriculture. During the American Civil War he enlisted in the Union Army as a member of the Thirteenth Indiana Volunteer Infantry. After the war he returned to Indiana where he worked as a farmer until 1884. In that year he moved with his sons to the Dakota Territory where he founded a Ranch in Walworth County, South Dakota.
Politically Hoffman joined the Republican Party. In 1889 when South Dakota became a regular US-State he was elected to the State Senate. In 1890 he was elected to the office of the Lieutenant Governor of South Dakota. He served in this position between 1891 and 1893 when his term ended. In this function, he was the deputy of Governor Arthur C. Mellette and he presided over the State Senate. Hoffman was also a member of various organizations and institutions including the Grand Army of the Republic. He died on 31 August 1922.
References
External links
The Political Graveyard
Online Biography
1838 births
1922 deaths
Lieutenant Governors of South Dakota
South Dakota Republicans |
4019796 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Nightmare%20Fair | The Nightmare Fair | The Nightmare Fair is a story originally written for the 1986 season of Doctor Who, but never filmed. A novelisation based on the script was published in 1989 by Target Books, as the first volume of its Missing Episodes series. The script and novelisation were written by former series producer Graham Williams, and would have been directed by Matthew Robinson had it gone to air. It is the first novel-length text featuring The Doctor not to be based upon a previously transmitted production, although being a novelisation it is not strictly speaking an "original" novel.
An audio play closely based on Williams' script was released in May 2003, with profits going to the charity Sense. For this adaptation, the Sixth Doctor was played by Steve Hill, and Peri by Jennifer Adams Kelley.
A second audio adaption, done by Big Finish, was released in 2009. Adapted by John Ainsworth, it featured both Colin Baker and Nicola Bryant reprising their television roles of the Sixth Doctor and Peri respectively.
Synopsis
The TARDIS falls through a time well, landing in modern-day Blackpool at an amusement fair. The Doctor and Peri, finding nothing else amiss, start to enjoy the fair's attractions. They are separated on an amusement ride; the Doctor's car is directed into the depths of the fair, while Peri encounters Kevin, a teenaged-boy looking for his brother who is missing but had last been seen at the fair weeks ago. The two are also eventually captured and brought to a prison where the Doctor has also been caged.
They discover their captor is the Celestial Toymaker, who has been stuck on Earth for several millennia, tricking a few unsuspecting humans into playing games with him and losing, become his perpetual servants. The Toymaker created the time well to bring the Doctor here, and added elements to the fair to help capture the Doctor. The Toymaker is on the verge of completing his "great work": an arcade game that feeds on the souls that lose to it, which then can generate powerful creatures with which the Toymaker plans to take over Earth. He is prepared to have the game mass-produced in America to complete his plan. The Doctor, who knows that the Time Lords do not fully know who or what the Toymaker is, learns that he is a powerful psychic being from another dimension where time moves much slower, giving him his seemingly immortality. Knowing that he cannot hurt the Toymaker physically, he works with Peri, Kevin, a Venusian engineer and a human android who is also one of the Toymaker's captives, to construct a device to disrupt the Toymaker's psychic field. The Doctor then traps him in a time field of his device that prevents the Toymaker from being able to control anyone outside of it and that will last forever. The other creatures captured by the Toymaker are freed, including Kevin's brother. The Doctor decides to return with Peri back to enjoy the fair a bit more.
Background
Several stories were in the planning stages for the 23rd Season of Doctor Who, three of which were in the middle of being scripted when the (temporary) cancellation announcement was made. Former series Producer Graham Williams was to have written the season opener, featuring a return of the Celestial Toymaker as seen in the 1966 serial. Being the first slated for production, Williams script was by far the most advanced at the time of cancellation, with Matthew Robinson (who had helmed Resurrection of the Daleks and Attack of the Cybermen in the previous two seasons) pencilled in as director.
Intended Production
Studio days were booked for this story to be recorded, starting on 20 May 1985. Location filming was also planned to take place in Blackpool at the Pleasure Beach, on the promenade and at south shore police station. The story however was never produced due to Doctor Who first being cancelled by the BBC, then this being revised to an 18-month break, with all planned storylines being junked and a new, shorter season being assembled for transmission in September 1986.
Intended Transmission
Prior to the hiatus that was announced in February 1985, The Nightmare Fair Part One was to have been transmitted on 4 January 1986. Part Two was to have been broadcast on 11 January 1986.
Novelisation
In 1988, Target Books, which had been successfully publishing novelisations of Doctor Who stories for many years, saw itself running out of available televised materiala. Although a number of serials remained unadapted, most were off-limits due to licensing problems. While negotiations went forward with the BBC for the publication of new adventures, three of the cancelled scripts were published in book form. The writers of all three were approached, and all were signed to write the novels. The Nightmare Fair required far less additional material than the other two, and in May 1989 it became the first to be published under the Missing Episodes banner. It was the first of 275 releases from different publishers as of 2007 that were not televised or broadcast on radio (the novelisation of the radio story Slipback had been published in 1986).
The next two books in the series were The Ultimate Evil by Wally K. Daly, released in August 1989, and Mission to Magnus by Philip Martin, published in July 1990 (the first Doctor Who novel based on non-televised material to be published after the end of the original series).
Notes
The original ending of the 1985 series finale, Revelation of the Daleks, had the Doctor telling Peri he was going to take her to Blackpool. Before broadcast, however, the decision was made to freeze frame the Doctor before he says this. Williams' novelisation of the serial does not, therefore, take its lead from the original ending of Revelation. At the start of this novel TARDIS is drawn into "the nexus of the primeval cauldron of Space-Time itself" and he and Peri are surprised to find themselves in Blackpool.
The Past Doctor Adventures novel Divided Loyalties ends with the Toymaker telling his companion Stefan "I'll take you to Blackpool", both setting up this story and pastiching the original end of Revelation.
In the text of the novel, the character Kevin is given the surname Stoney. Kevin Stoney is the name of an actor who appeared in earlier stories in the televised series.
Audio adaption
Big Finish Productions produced an audio drama adaptation of The Nightmare Fair in 2009. In early March 2009, Big Finish announced that the role of the Toymaker was to be played by David Bailie, who had previously played Dask in the 1977 story The Robots of Death. The original 1966 Toymaker story starred Michael Gough, but at the time of audio recording, he had retired from acting.
Cast
The Doctor – Colin Baker
Peri – Nicola Bryant
Celestial Toymaker – David Bailie
Kevin – Matthew Noble
Stefan – Andrew Fettes
Woman – Louise Faulkner
Shardow/Attendant – William Whymper
Yatsumoto/Truscott/Manager/Man – Toby Longworth
Humandroid/Security Man/Geoff/Guard – Duncan Wisbey
Continuity
Seven months before this audio was released, Big Finish brought back the Celestial Toymaker in The Magic Mousetrap.
In this story, the Doctor marked a reference to City of Death character, Duggan.
Production Notes
Doctor who's Audio Series producer David Richardson briefed all the Composers including Jamie Robertson to give the lost stories season an original but classic "80's Retro" feel.
Jamie used Various Synths for the music soundtrack and sound design including an AKAI AX-80 and a Yamaha SY85.
References
External links
Big Finish Productions – The Nightmare Fair
Hidden Planet Lost Scripts site
The Cloister Library – The Nightmare Fair
1989 British novels
1989 science fiction novels
Sixth Doctor novels
Sixth Doctor audio plays
Novels set in Lancashire |
4019805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daban | Daban | Daban may refer to:
Places
Daban, China, a village in Fujian, China
Daban, Kati Cercle, a village and rural commune in the Kati Cercle in the Koulikoro Region, Mali
Daban, Russia, a selo in Olyokminsky District of the Sakha Republic, Russia
People
Jacques Tisné Daban, mayor of Aast, a commune in the Aquitane region of France, in 1871–1881
See also |
4019807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coussoulis%20Arena | Coussoulis Arena | James and Aerianthi Coussoulis Arena or Coussoulis Arena is a 4,140-seat multi-purpose arena in San Bernardino, California, United States, on the campus of California State University, San Bernardino. It is named for James & Aerianthi Coussoulis.
It is home to the Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes men's basketball, women's basketball and women's volleyball teams. It hosts many other functions including commencement, concerts, Harlem Globetrotters basketball, WWE professional wrestling, comedy shows, band competitions and arts and music festivals.
See also
Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes
References
External links
Official website
Basketball venues in California
Cal State San Bernardino Coyotes sports venues
College basketball venues in the United States
College volleyball venues in the United States
Sports venues in San Bernardino, California
Volleyball venues in California
Sports venues completed in 1995
1995 establishments in California |
4019836 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liechtenstein%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Liechtenstein at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Liechtenstein competed at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy.
Alpine skiing
Note: In the men's combined, run 1 is the downhill, and runs 2 and 3 are the slalom. In the women's combined, run 1 and 2 are the slalom, and run 3 the downhill.
Cross-country skiing
Distance
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4019837 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C5%93ur%20Emmanuelle | Sœur Emmanuelle | Sœur (Sister) Emmanuelle, N.D.S. (16 November 1908 – 20 October 2008) was a Religious Sister of both Belgian and French origins, noted for her involvement in working for the plight of the poor in Turkey and Egypt. She was honoured with Egyptian citizenship in 1991.
Life
She was born Madeleine Cinquin in Brussels, Belgium, the daughter of a French father, Jules Cinquin, and a Belgian mother, Berthe Lenssens. Her parents were wealthy lingerie manufacturers; their background was from Saint-Omer. Her paternal grandmother, Laure Mélanie Dreyfus, was the daughter of an Alsatian Jew named Emmanuel Moïse Augustin Dreyfus and a Christian mother. He was born in Wissembourg, Bas-Rhin, and started the family lingerie business. At the age of six she saw her father drown. She was educated at the Sorbonne, earning a degree in philosophy. In 1929, she professed vows and became a Religious Sister in the Congregation of Our Lady of Sion.
In the 1930s, Sister Emmanuelle started teaching at the Notre-Dame de Sion High School in Istanbul, where she lived until the 1960s, with teaching assignments by her congregation of several years in Tunis and Alexandria in between.
In 1971, Sister Emmanuelle witnessed the impoverished conditions of the trash collectors in Cairo, Egypt, and decided to live among them. She remained there until 1993, when she returned to France. It was upon her return that she gained the status of a media sensation in France, as she was well received by audiences and talk-show hosts.
In addition to her charity work, she was known for her unorthodox religious views, including her approval of the use of contraception and of the idea of allowing priests to marry. She was voted one of the most popular people in both France and Belgium, and was compared to Mother Teresa, although she herself regarded the comparison as "ridiculous". In 2003, a French television station broadcast the documentary, Soeur Emmanuelle: An Exceptional Woman. In 2005 she ended in fifth place in the Walloon version of Le plus grand Belge (The Greatest Belgian).
Sister Emmanuelle died on 20 October 2008, in Callian, Var, in France. She died in her sleep from natural causes at the age of 99, less than four weeks from celebrating her 100th birthday.
Les Amis de Soeur Emmanuelle (The Friends of Sister Emmanuelle) is a charitable organization based in Brussels.
French Singer Calogero dedicated a song to her named "Yalla", which means "move on, move forward" in Arabic, something she was famous for saying. The song was sung to her for her 98th birthday.
In 2018, for the 10th anniversary of her death, the city of Paris decided to name a street after her. The '' is situated on the boulevard Raspail, between the allée Claude-Cahun-Marcel-Moore and the boulevard du Montparnasse, where are the headquarters of Congregation of Our Lady of Sion.
Writings
Works written by Sœur Emmanuelle
Sœur Emmanuelle (pref. Jean-Marie Cavada), Chiffonnière avec les chiffonniers, ’Chiffonniere with ragpickers’, Ivry-sur-Seine, Éditions de l'Atelier, 1989 and 2007 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Une vie avec les pauvres, ‘A life with the poor’, Paris, Éditions de l'Atelier, 1991 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Yalla, en avant les jeunes, Paris, LGF - Livre de Poche, 1999 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Les Mots du Rosaire, ‘The words of the Rosary’, Arles, Actes Sud, 2001 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Un pauvre a crié, le Seigneur l'écoute, ‘A poor man shouted, the Lord listened’, Paray-le-Monial, Emmanuel, 2005 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Vivre, à quoi ça sert ?, ‘Living, what is the purpose?’, Paris, J'ai lu, 2005, 149 p. ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Agenda 2009. Une année avec Sœur Emmanuelle, Presses de la Renaissance, 21 August 2008 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, 365 Méditations de Sœur Emmanuelle, Paris, Presses de la Renaissance, 9 October 2008 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Je Te Salue Marie, ‘I hail you, Mary’, Bordeaux, Elytis, 15 October 2008 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Les Confessions d'une religieuse, ‘The confessions of a religious woman’, Flammarion, 23 October 2008 ()
Works written in collaboration with Sœur Emmanuelle
et Matthieu Ricard (pref. Sœur Emmanuelle), Enfants du Tibet : De cœur à cœur avec Jetsun Pema et Sœur Emmanuelle, ‘Children of Tibet : from heart to heart' with Jetsun Pema and Sœur Emmanuelle, Desclée de Brouwer, 2000 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Edmond Blattschen, L'Évangile des chiffonniers, ‘The Gospel of Ragpickers’, Bruxelles, Alice, 2000 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Philippe Asso, Richesse de la pauvreté, ‘The wealth of poverty’, Paris, Flammarion, 2001 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Marlène Tuininga, Jésus tel que je le connais, ‘Jesus as I know him’, Paris, J'ai lu, 2003 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Philippe Asso, Vivre, à quoi ça sert ?, ‘Living, what is the purpose?’, Paris, Flammarion, 2004 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Marlène Tuininga, Le Paradis, c'est les autres, ‘Paradise is the others ‘, Paris, J'ai lu, 1995 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle et Sofia Stril-Rever, La Folie d'Amour. Entretiens avec sœur Emmanuelle, ‘The Madness of Love. Interviews with Sister Emmanuelle ‘, Flammarion, 2005 ()
Jacques Duquesne, Annabelle Cayrol et Sœur Emmanuelle, J'ai 100 ans et je voudrais vous dire…, ‘I’m 100 years old and I would like to say to you…’, Plon, 20 August 2008 ()
Sofia Stril-Rever, Mon testament spirituel: De Sœur Emmanuelle, ‘My Spiritual Testament: of Sœur Emmanuelle’, Paris, Presses de la Renaissance, 2008 ()
Works dedicated to Sœur Emmanuelle
Pierre Lunel (pref. Bernard Kouchner), Sœur Emmanuelle, la biographie, Paris, Anne Carrière, 2006 ()
Sœur Emmanuelle, Mille et Un bonheurs : Méditations de Sœur Emmanuelle, Paris, Carnets Nord, 2007 ()
Documentaire Sœur Emmanuelle, le cœur et l'esprit (réalisé par Elisabeth Kapnist) - diffusé sur France 5 en 2007.
Spectacle de Pierrette Dupoyet intitulé "L'Amour plus fort que la mort ou une Fleur chez les chiffonniers" (création Festival d'Avignon 1997)- texte paru aux Éditions La Traverse année 1999 (Show by Pierrette Dupoyet entitled "Love stronger than death or a flower among the ragpickers" –for the Avignon Festival 1997- Text published in Éditions La Traverse année 1999 (ISSN 1262-3423)
Fabell chante Sœur Emmanuelle: Ma grande sœur Emmanuelle, in Tout feu, tout femme!, ‘My great sister Emmanuelle, in All fire, all woman!’, Rouge Orange 2013 (Sacem RO201311/1/1)
"Yalla", crée et chantée en 2004 par Calogero, en son honneur et par reconnaissance de son action auprès des enfants d'Égypte (‘Created and sung in 2004 by Calogero, in her honor and recognition of her work with the children of Egypt’)
See also
Maggie Gobran
References
External links
95-year-old nun is France's favourite woman
France's beloved nun Sister Emmanuelle dies at 99
De Madeleine Cinquin à Sœur Emmanuelle
1908 births
2008 deaths
Anti-poverty advocates
Roman Catholic activists
20th-century Belgian Roman Catholic nuns
Belgian emigrants to France
French expatriates in Turkey
French expatriates in Egypt
French expatriates in Tunisia
Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur
People from Brussels
University of Paris alumni
20th-century French nuns |
4019845 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dialogue%20%28disambiguation%29 | Dialogue (disambiguation) | Dialogue is a conversational exchange.
Dialogue(s) or dialog(s) may also refer to:
Dialogue in writing, a verbal exchange between two or more characters
Art and culture
Philosophical concepts
Socratic dialogue, a genre of philosophical literary prose developed mainly by Plato
Dialogue (Bakhtin), the concept of dialogue in the philosophy of Mikhail Bakhtin
Philosophy of dialogue, a type of philosophy based on the work of Martin Buber
Books
Dialogue Concerning the Two Chief World Systems, a 1632 book by Galileo Galilei
Dialogues (Pope Gregory), a collection of four books written by Pope Gregory I
Dialogs (Lem), a 1957 book-length essay by Polish science-fiction writer Stanisław Lem
A Dialogue, a 1973 book by James Baldwin and Nikki Giovanni
Dialogues (Gilles Deleuze), 1977 book of discussions between Deleuze and Claire Parnet
Journals
Dialog (magazine), a magazine in Poland that publishes contemporary Polish and foreign plays
Dialog (newspaper), a weekly newspaper from Varna city, Bulgaria, Europe
Dialogue: A Journal of Mormon Thought
Dialogue: Canadian Philosophical Review
Dialogue, philosophy journal of Phi Sigma Tau
Dialogue (magazine), a 1978–2004 art magazine
Classical music
Dialogues, 1923 piano solo by Federico Mompou
Dialogues 1, Op. 25, and Dialogues 2, Op. 62, by Carlos Veerhoff
Dialogues II, Op. 126, by Frank Campo
Dialogues II, for piano and chamber orchestra by Elliott Carter
Groups and labels
Dialogue+, a Japanese idol group
Music albums
Dialogue (Bobby Hutcherson album), 1965
Dialogue, by Valery Leontiev, 1984
Dialogues (Carlos Paredes & Charlie Haden album), 1990
Dialogue (Four Tet album), 1999
Dialogues (Houston Person and Ron Carter album), 2002
Dialogues (Kenny Davern album), 2005
A Dialogue, by Gwen Stacy, 2009
Dialogue (Thavius Beck album), 2009
Dialogues (Ivar Antonsen & Vigleik Storaas album), 2010
Dialogue (Steve Weingart & Renee Jones album), 2011
Songs
"Dialogue (Part I & II)", a 1972 song by Chicago
Television
Dialogue, a television show on China Global Television Network formerly hosted by Yang Rui
Religion
Dialogue Mass, a religious rite
Technology
Dialog (architectural firm), a Canadian architectural, engineering, interior design and planning firm
Dialog (online database), an information service
Dialog (software), a shell script application that displays text user interface widgets
Dialog Axiata, a Sri Lankan telecommunication company
Dialog box, a type of user interface
Dialog Semiconductor, a Germany technology company
Dialogue system, a computer system intended to converse with a human
, an HTML element
Dyalog APL, a programming language implementation
Ericsson Dialog, a telephone model
Gorenje Dialog, a microcomputer system |
4019850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epiphany%20Rising | Epiphany Rising | The Epiphany Rising was a failed rebellion against Henry IV of England in early January 1400.
Background
Richard II rewarded those who had supported him against Gloucester and the Lords Appellant with a plethora of new titles. Upon the usurpation and accession of King Henry IV in 1399, many of those titles were placed under attainder, due to the complicity of their holders in the murder of the Duke of Gloucester.
Conspiracy
The ringleaders of the conspiracy were John Montagu, 3rd Earl of Salisbury, John Holland, 1st Earl of Huntingdon (formerly Duke of Exeter) and half-brother to Richard II, Thomas Holland, 3rd Earl of Kent (formerly Duke of Surrey), and Thomas le Despenser, 4th Baron le Despencer (formerly Earl of Gloucester). Other members included Edward of Norwich, 1st Earl of Rutland (formerly Duke of Aumale), Ralph Lumley, 1st Baron Lumley, Sir Thomas Blount and Sir Bernard Brocas. They met on 17 December 1399 at the Abbey house in Westminster and plotted to capture the new King Henry IV while he was at Windsor for the feast of Epiphany.
They hoped to seize the king during a tournament, kill him, and restore Richard II to the throne. However, Edward of Norwich betrayed the conspirators to King Henry, although according to Tait, contemporary English sources which describe the conspiracy make no mention of Rutland, and his role in it is open to doubt. Nevertheless, forewarned, Henry failed to appear at Windsor and began to raise an army in London. Kent and Salisbury arrived at the castle with a force of about 400 men-at-arms and archers, but hearing that the king, forewarned, was no longer there, quickly left.
Aftermath
The conspirators fled to the western counties and raised the standard of rebellion. However, they obtained little support and were quickly apprehended by local authorities.
While attempting to seize Cirencester, Lumley was beheaded in a short but violent skirmish by the townsfolk and Salisbury and Kent were captured. Held briefly in custody, they were abruptly beheaded without trial on 7 January 1400. Le Despencer was captured at Bristol by a mob and was also summarily beheaded on 13 January 1400. Huntingdon was captured at Pleshey and dealt with likewise on 16 January 1400. Blount escaped to Oxford, where he was hanged, drawn and quartered on 12 January 1400. Brocas was captured in Cirencester and beheaded at Tyburn. Those executed were subsequently attainted in March; the brother of Kent and the sons of Salisbury and Huntingdon were later restored to their fathers' titles. The attainders were formally reversed in 1461 by a Yorkist parliament.
The rebellion also convinced Henry IV that a deposed, imprisoned and alive King Richard was a very dangerous liability for him. The deposed monarch would come to his death 'by means unknown' in Pontefract Castle by 17 February 1400.
Notes
External links
Berkshire History: Revolt of the Three Earls
1400 in England
14th century in England
14th-century rebellions
Rebellions in medieval England
History of Berkshire
Conflicts in 1400
Henry IV of England |
4019858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shenhu | Shenhu | Shenhu () is a town on the southern coast of Fujian province, People's Republic of China. It is under the administration of Jinjiang City, the centre of which is away. It sits on a peninsula, facing the Taiwan Strait to the east and the town of Yongning and Shenhu Bay () to the north. It is a fishing base and trade port, and is home to a number of small appetisers from the Min Nan region. Nearby is the Jinjiang Shenhu Bay National Geopark (). There are 7 communities and 12 villages under the town's administration.
References
深沪镇. Retrieved 2011-05-05
Township-level divisions of Fujian |
4019861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20K.%20Winter%20Jr. | Ralph K. Winter Jr. | Ralph Karl Winter Jr. (July 30, 1935 – December 8, 2020) was a United States Circuit Judge of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit.
Education and career
Born in Waterbury, Connecticut, Winter graduated from the Taft School in 1953. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree from Yale University in 1957 and obtained his Bachelor of Laws from Yale Law School in 1960. He served as a law clerk for Judge Caleb Merrill Wright of the United States District Court for the District of Delaware from 1960 to 1961 and as a law clerk for Judge Thurgood Marshall of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit from 1961 to 1962. He served as a faculty member at Yale Law School from 1962 to 1982, as a research associate and lecturer from 1962 to 1964, as an assistant and associate professor from 1964 to 1968 and as a professor of law from 1968 to 1982. He was a consultant to the Subcommittee on Separation of Powers of the United States Senate Committee on the Judiciary from 1968 to 1972. He was a senior fellow at the Brookings Institution in Washington, D.C., from 1968 to 1970. He was a Guggenheim Fellow in Washington, D.C., from 1971 to 1972. He was an adjunct scholar at the American Enterprise Institute in Washington, D.C., from 1972 to 1981. He was a member of the Board of Trustees at Brooklyn Law School.
Winter advocated for limited government involvement in business matters. He also supported state control in such matters, as opposed to federal control.
Federal judicial service
President Ronald Reagan nominated Winter on November 18, 1981, to a seat on the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit vacated by Judge Walter R. Mansfield. He was confirmed by the United States Senate on December 9, 1981, and received his commission on December 10, 1981. He served as Chief Judge from 1997 to 2000 and assumed senior status on September 30, 2000. He was a member of the Judicial Conference of the United States from 1997 to 2000. From 2003 to 2010, Winter also served as one of the three judges on the United States Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court of Review. He died on December 8, 2020, from esophageal cancer.
Notable law clerks
Paul G. Mahoney, clerked 1984–1985, also clerked for Thurgood Marshall
George T. Conway III, clerked 1987–1988
Robert J. Giuffra Jr., clerked 1987–1988, also clerked for William Rehnquist
Laura Ingraham, clerked 1991–1992, also clerked for Clarence Thomas
Emmet Flood, clerked 1992–1993, also clerked for Antonin Scalia
Florence Y. Pan, clerked 1994–1995
Wendy E. Stone (Long), clerked 1996–1997, also clerked for Clarence Thomas
See also
George H. W. Bush Supreme Court candidates
References
External links
Court Says Regulator Exceeded Its Power
1935 births
2020 deaths
20th-century American judges
21st-century American judges
American legal scholars
Judges of the United States Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit
People from Waterbury, Connecticut
United States court of appeals judges appointed by Ronald Reagan
Taft School alumni
Yale Law School alumni
Yale Law School faculty |
4019863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris%20Park | Morris Park | Morris Park may refer to:
Marcus Garvey Park, or Mount Morris Park as it was previously named, a park in Harlem in the New York City borough of Manhattan
Morris Park station (IRT Dyre Avenue Line), a station on the IRT Dyre Avenue Line of the New York City Subway
Morris Park station (Metro-North), a future station on the Metro-North Railroad in the Bronx, New York
Morris Park Facility, a maintenance facility of the Long Island Rail Road in Queens, New York
Morris Park Racecourse, an American thoroughbred horse racing facility from 1889 until 1904 that was once home to the Belmont Stakes
Morris Park, Bronx, a neighborhood in the Bronx borough of New York City
Morris Park, Minneapolis, a neighborhood in the Nokomis community in Minneapolis, Minnesota
Morris Park, Philadelphia, a city park in Overbrook, Philadelphia
Morris State Park, a state park in the US state of Missouri
Mount Morris Park Historic District, a historic district in New York City around Marcus Garvey Park
Panther Park, a ballpark in Fort Worth, Texas, originally called Morris Park, home of the Fort Worth Panthers |
4019869 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Henryka%20Pustow%C3%B3jt%C3%B3wna | Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna | Anna Henryka Pustowójtówna (1838 in Stare Wierzchowiska – 1881 in Paris) was a Polish activist and soldier, famed for her participation in the January Uprising.
She was the daughter of a Polish noblewoman, Marianna Kossakowska, and of a Russian officer, Teofil Pustaya, of Hungarian origin. He later became a general. After convent schooling in Lublin, she attended a finishing school in Pulawy. Despite her mixed parentage, she thought of herself as a Pole. Already in her early twenties she was arrested in 1861 for civil disobedience (singing religious hymns in public). She was sentenced to detention in an Orthodox convent in Russia, but she escaped. She made her way to Moldova, where she joined Polish partisans who were forming into units.
She became an activist in the Polish independence movement and fought in the January Uprising as adjutant to Commander Marian Langiewicz. She disguised herself as a male soldier and went by the alias "Michał Smok".
She was captured and imprisoned by the Austrian authorities and upon release she moved first to Prague, then Switzerland and finally France, where she worked as a nurse in the Paris Commune of 1870. In 1873 she married a physician, Dr. Loewenhardt, whom she had known during the Uprising in Poland. They had four children. After the death of her sister-in-law, she took over the care of the two orphaned children. She died in her sleep in Paris.
References
External links
"A Catalogue of Female Cross-Dressers", last accessed February 9, 2006
Article in Great Soviet Encyclopedia (Russian).
1838 births
1881 deaths
Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
Female wartime cross-dressers
Women in 19th-century warfare
Women in European warfare
Polish female soldiers
Polish nationalists
January Uprising participants |
4019873 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dog%20Faced%20Hermans | Dog Faced Hermans | Dog Faced Hermans were a post-punk band that formed in Scotland in the mid 1980s and remained active through the mid 1990s. They emerged from the UK anarcho-punk scene with a guitar/bass/drums line-up, but also incorporated trumpet and other instruments not commonly found in punk music at that time. Their composition style incorporated many genres of music outside of rock, including folk, jazz, ambient and noise music with often unorthodox instrumentation.
History
1980s
Dog Faced Hermans formed in Edinburgh, Scotland out of the female-fronted funk-punk sextet Volunteer Slavery, named after an album by Rahsaan Roland Kirk. Londoner Andy Moor, who was studying anthropology in Edinburgh, first met Colin McLean at a benefit for the Scottish Campaign to Remove the Atomic Menace, and the two shared a love of James Brown, free jazz, reggae, and African music. McLean owned both a guitar and a bass, which he traded off with Moor, eventually setting on who was to play which in the band after realizing that the songs they liked best were the ones with McLean on bass and Moor on guitar. Wilf plum had been moonlighting with local noise bands Finitribe and Stretchheads, and Marion Coutts took time off from her studies at Edinburgh College of Art to play trumpet, and the whole group also took to banging on oil drums and other percussion.
Their band got their new name from a scene in a Frankenstein movie, "where a woman dreams that her husband, whose name is Herman, gets turned into a dog," although the phrase occurs in the 1933 horror The Vampire Bat. When the group started, they played primarily improvised music, "like bashing oil drums and hitting the guitars without actually playing very many tunes," according to drummer Wilf Plum. The group's longer improvisations were condensed into shorter arranged songs that maintained their experimental qualities. The Hermans' line-up stayed constant throughout their tenure, with Marion Coutts fronting the band on vocals, trumpet and percussion, Andy Moor on guitar, Colin Mclean on bass, and Wilf Plum on drums. Within their first three years as a band, the Hermans recorded and released a few singles and two albums on their own Demon Radge Records and on journalist Everett True’s label, Calculus. These early records demonstrated the breadth of the band's influences, including English and Scottish post-punk, American no wave, and various styles of folk music, exemplified in their renditions of the Italian partisan song "Bella Ciao" and the blues standard "John Henry".
While in the UK, the Dog Faced Hermans made numerous appearances on the BBC, recording three songs for The John Peel Show in 1987 and appearing on the TV programme FSD in 1988.
1990s
The group found affinity in Dutch anarchist group The Ex, whom they'd been introduced to through members of Chumbawamba. The Ex and Dog Faced Hermans toured Europe, the United States, and Canada together and released the single "Stonestamper's Song" under the name Ex Faced Hermans, a split live cassette, and began a longstanding collaboration with the free jazz ensemble Instant Composers Pool. The Dog Faced Hermans also served as the backing band for Kurdish musician Brader with whom The Ex had also collaborated. By 1990 the Dog Faced Hermans relocated to Amsterdam taking on The Ex's sound engineer Gert Jan as a member of the group, and in 1991 Andy Moor joined The Ex, and for some years played guitar for both bands.
The Hermans struck up a deal with the Dutch label Konkurrent for the release of 1991's Mental Blocks for All Ages and 1993's Hum of Life, which featured covers of songs by free jazz pioneer Ornette Coleman and American no wave group 8 Eyed Spy. Part of the lead track, "Jan 9", is lifted from the Rumanian folk tune "Rumelaj". An American fan of the group, Geoffery Treistadt from Minneapolis band Jonestown, released the Hermans' records simultaneously in North America on his tiny Project A Bomb label. Seeking wider distribution, the Hermans approached former Dead Kennedys singer Jello Biafra who released the Hermans' final studio and live albums on his Alternative Tentacles label before the group disbanded in 1995. About the break-up, Andy Morr later said, "As a four-piece band, we had said what we had to say." The Hermans gave their final three concerts in San Francisco in October 1995, having played nearly 450 gigs in their decade as a band.
Post-Hermans
Wilf Plum went to drum for the Canadian ensemble Rhythm Activism and the projects Two Pin Din and Orchestre Tout Puissant Marcel Duchamp. Andy Moor continues to play with The Ex as a permanent member, as well as numerous other projects. Colin McLean also toured with The Ex as the band's live sound engineer and played bass for their collaboration with Ethiopian saxophonist Getatchew Mekuria. Marion Coutts returned to the UK, dedicating herself to making and teaching visual art and writing books, with a few brief sojourns into playing and recording music. Sound engineer Gert Jan toured with The Ex for many years, as well as the bands Red Monkey and Zea.
Members
Marion Coutts: vocals, trumpet, bells
Colin Mclean: bass, guitar, steel drum
Wilf Plum: drums, scrap metal, foghorn
Andy Moor: guitar, viola, "hippo tube"
Gert-Jan: live sound
Discography
Studio albums
Humans Fly (12" EP, 1988, Calculus, UK)
Everyday Timebomb (LP, 1989, Vinyl Drip, UK)
Mental Blocks For All Ages (LP/CD, 1991, Konkurrel Records/Project A Bomb)
Humans Fly / Everyday Timebomb (CD, 1991, Konkurrel Records)
Hum of Life (LP/CD, 1993, Konkurrel Records/Project A Bomb)
Those Deep Buds (LP/CD, 1994, Konkurrel Records/Alternative Tentacles)
Live albums
Live Action & Increasing (Tape, 1988, Demon Radge, UK)
Live at the "Ancienne Chocolaterie" (Tape, 1991, Demon Radge)
Bump and Swing (CD, 1994, Konkurrel Records/Alternative Tentacles)
Singles
"Unbend" (7", 1987, Demon Radge, UK)
"Bella Ciao"/"Miss O'Grady" (7", 1988, Calculus, UK)
"Too Much For The Red Ticker"/"Timebomb"(7", Konkurrent Records 1989)
"Peace Warriors" (7", 1993, Compulsive, UK) split single with Jonestown
With The Ex
"Lied der Steinklopfer" ("Stonestamper's Song") (7", 1990) released under the name Ex Faced Hermans
Treat (split live cassette, 1990)
Bimhuis 29/06/91 (2×7", part of The Ex's 6 series of singles released throughout 1991)
Compilation appearances
"Balloon Girl" on Fridge Freezer 7” EP with the Turncoats, Sperm Wails & Membranes. (Ridiculous, Sharon! Records - SHAZ 001 - 1987)
"Shat On By Angels" on Censorship Sucks LP (DDT Records - 1987)
"How Much Vegetation Have You Got?" and "Miss O'Grady" on Menschen Fliegen LP (Constrictor Records CON! 00007 - 1988)
"Yellow Girls" on Take 5 Shelter benefit LP (Shelter 4 - 1988)
"Zig Zag Wanderer" on Fast ’N Bulbous Captain Beefheart covers LP (Imaginary Records ILLUSION 002 - 1988)
"How Much Vegetation Have You Got?" on Gosh! CD (Constrictor, 1988)
"John Henry" on Diamonds and Porcupines LP (Beat All The Tambourines TAMBEAT 3 - 1989)
"Cactus" on A Pox upon the Poll Tax LP (, 1989)
"Canzone Giuseppe Penelli" on Radio Mondain Den Haag De Sessies #1 cassette (Trespassers W Records TW1010 - 1991)
"Draw the Curtain" on Es Gibt ein Leben vor dem Tod LP (1992)
"New Year" on The Dignity Of Human Being Is Vulnerable LP/CD (Konkeuurent/AWA, 1993)
"Wings" and "Body Strategic" on Let's Make the Weiner Kid Sing 2xCD (various labels, 1993)
"Viva" on King Konk: A Royal Compilation LP/CD (Konjurrel, 1994)
"Fortune" on Attack of the Tentacles CD (Alternative Tentacles, 1995)
"Blessed Are The Follies" on Upsalapalooza CD (WFMU, 1995)
"Blessed Are The Follies" on Mordam Records Sampler #3 CD (Mordam Records, 1995)
"Calley" on Sperminator CD (AWA, 1996)
"The Women And Girls Go Dancing" on Up to D.A.T. CD (Mad's Collectif, 1997)
"Incineration" on Commercially Unfriendsly CD (Gott Discs, 1005)
"Balloon Girl" on Death to Trad Rock CD (Cherry Red, 2009)
"Catbrain Walk" on C87'' 3xCD box set (Cherry Red, 2016)
See also
The Ex
Rhythm Activism
Two Pin Din
References
External links
Unofficial fansite including audio and lyrics
Scottish rock music groups
Scottish post-punk music groups
Anarcho-punk groups
Alternative Tentacles artists
Musical groups from Edinburgh |
4019884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20England%20Hockey%20Conference | New England Hockey Conference | New England Hockey Conference (formerly the ECAC East) is a college athletic conference which operates in the northeastern United States. It participates in the NCAA's Division III as a hockey-only conference.
History
The New England Hockey Conference began as ECAC East in 1984 when ECAC 2 was split in two and both new conferences dropped down to Division III. The conference was fairly stable for the first decade but began to grow in the mid 1990s. In 1998 four teams left to become Division I programs in the new MAAC conference. A year later, nine more teams split off to join their primary athletic conference, NESCAC, followed by the women's programs in 2001. Membership numbers held steady over the succeeding 15 years, though several teams came and went. In 2015 the conference rebranded itself as the New England Hockey Conference, but no internal changes occurred. Two years later 6 women's and 2 men's programs left to join a variety of conferences, dropping league membership to 11 schools, the lowest number in conference history.
Standings
From the time it formally split from ECAC 2 until 1992 all games played between members of ECAC East and ECAC West counted for conference standings. In 1992, after the ECAC West split into two conferences, ECAC East only counted games within their conference for the standings, but because a formal schedule was not yet in place all games between members were still counted. For the 1993-94 season ECAC East had its first official conference schedule with all 18 teams playing each other once. Teams could schedule additional inter-conference games but only one would count in the standings. In 1999, when 9 teams left to form the ice hockey division of the NESCAC, the two conferences continued to count games between one another in their respective standings. This arrangement continued even after the addition of more programs.
NEHC Tournaments
Current members
There are 12 member schools; the men's division has ten members, while the women's division has nine members. (as of November 2018)
Former members
† (as of November 2018)
Membership timeline
See also
New England Women's Hockey Alliance
References
External links
Men's official web site
Women's official web site
NCAA Division III ice hockey conferences
Ice hockey in New England |
4019909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fonds%20commun%20de%20placement | Fonds commun de placement | Fonds commun de placement translates to "investment funds" or "mutual funds", and are open-ended collective investment funds based that are neither trust or company law based. They are similar to common contractual funds in Ireland, tax transparent funds in the UK and "fondsen voor gemene rekening" in the Netherlands.
In France, commonly referred to as FCP or F.C.P., these financial instruments are collective investments that are similar to the SICAV. They are not investment companies; they are more like open partnerships. They have no independent legal status but exist as a set of defined relationships between investors, managers and custodian. They invest in different financial instruments, but they do not have the tax status of the SICAV.
They are typically issued in the French-speaking countries of Europe.
See also
Common fund
Collective investment scheme
References
Investment funds |
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