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4005225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Murphy%20%28Canadian%20musician%29 | Matt Murphy (Canadian musician) | Matt Murphy is a Canadian musician and actor. He is perhaps best known as the vocalist and guitarist of 1990s band The Super Friendz.
Music career
Murphy first achieved notability for his role as leader of the mid-1990s Halifax band The Super Friendz, a power pop act that became a prominent part of the Halifax music scene, which at that time was often referred to as "Seattle north". Murphy formed the band with fellow King's College students Charles Austin (bass) and Drew Yamada (guitar). The three shared singing and songwriting duties, as was common in the democratically oriented scene at the time, but Murphy emerged as the standout performer.
After the Super Friendz dissolved in 1997, Murphy relocated to Toronto and formed a new band, The Flashing Lights. That band featured a more polished rock sound than the Super Friendz, and achieved a degree of fame in Canada. Its members were bassist Henri Sangalang, organist Gaven Dianda, and drummer Steve Pitkin, along with vocalist/guitarist Murphy.
Murphy also appeared on The Virginian, the 1997 debut album by Neko Case and Her Boyfriends, and also played lead guitar on ex-Inbreds singer Mike O'Neill's first solo album What Happens Now?.
Murphy now splits his days between Halifax and Toronto and his musical time among a variety of projects. In 2003, The Super Friendz reunited for a new album and a brief tour, and Murphy played a show with his old Halifax country side project Little Orton Hoggett.
Flashing Lights are currently on an indefinite hiatus. In 2004, Murphy became a member of Toronto band City Field, in which he plays a smaller role, providing mostly backing rather than lead vocals. He is currently a member of Brendan Canning's band Cookie Duster.
As of 2015, he has joined with Mike O'Neill of The Inbreds and Chris Murphy of Sloan in the supergroup Tuns.
Acting
In 2005, Murphy branched out into acting, playing the lead role in the Canadian mockumentary film The Life and Hard Times of Guy Terrifico; he also scored much of the film's music. Murphy and the film's director, Michael Mabbott, received two Genie Award nominations for Best Original Song at the 26th Genie Awards in 2006 for the songs "Just a Show" and "Make Believe".
He later had a small role in the 2009 film Leslie, My Name Is Evil.
References
External links
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Canadian male film actors
Canadian male singers
Canadian rock guitarists
Canadian male guitarists
Canadian rock singers
Canadian songwriters
Canadian indie rock musicians |
4005236 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basketweave | Basketweave | Basketweave is a structure that exists in many textile arts. It consists of multiple horizontal strands and vertical strands, resulting in a square pattern associated with woven baskets.
It is used in the following textile arts:
Basket weaving
Basketweave in weaving
Basketweave in knitting
Basketweave in knot making
Basketweave as a variant of tent stitch in needlepoint
Basketweave in crochet
See also
Plain weave
Seed/Moss stitch
Monk's cloth
Textile arts
Crafts |
4005247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Peter%27s%20Lutheran%20Church%20%28Ottawa%29 | St. Peter's Lutheran Church (Ottawa) | St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church is a church in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada situated on Ottawa's ceremonial route and overlooks the Garden of the Provinces, the Ottawa River and the Gatineau Hills. St. Peter's is an Ottawa landmark. The motto is "A community of faith seeking to grow in God's grace and love".
History
The church was established in 1910 with 66 members. On July 10, 1910 the first services were held with 46 persons attending the morning and 40 attending in the evening at King's Daughters Hall, 214 Laurier Avenue. St. Peter's Evangelical Lutheran Church was established July 10, 1910 with 66 members. A permanent organization is established with 66 charter members on October 9, 1910. The Church Council met for the first time and selected the name “St. Peter’s Evangelical Lutheran Church of Ottawa” October 19, 1912.
The early members were predominantly of European origin, whether residents of Ottawa, recent immigrants, or arrivals from neighbouring towns and rural communities. In April 1913, a property at Lyon and Nepean Streets was purchased which consisted of three small houses with sufficient land behind them to erect a small church. Plans for the church were approved and building began on Lyon Street September 24, 1914. The first building was dedicated on Easter Sunday April 12, 1914. St. Peter's was without a pastor 1915-1917. With a congregation of only 40 members, foreclosure was threatened on the debt in 1918. Pastor Luther McCreery served at St. Peter's in 1919-1930. He canvassed for donations in order to keep St. Peter's open, reduce the debt and for a building fund. The membership rose to 100.
After many years of financial hardship, the congregation gradually increased and outgrew its church building. In fall 1937, a two-manual Franklin-Legge organ was purchased. The organ was rebuilt and moved to the new church in 1954. The interior of the church was remodelled and redecorated and a new altar cross, candlesticks and vases were purchased in 1944. In 1944, the row of houses on Lyon Street were sold and the debt was discharged. The congregation was growing and the church building was too small. In November, 1948 a site at Sparks and Bay Street was purchased. In 1951, the buildings on the site were demolished to make room for the new church.
The present building was dedicated in 1954. designed in traditional Gothic style, the architect was Cecil Burgess. The sandstone was cut from the same quarry as stone used for the Parliament buildings. On July 6, 1952 ground was broken for the new church. On October 26, 1952 the cornerstone was laid.
In February 1954, the altar cross by Sven Arne Gillgren (1913-1992) was gift from Sweden. On March 28, 1954 the new church and parish hall were dedicated. Governor General Vincent Massey read the lesson. On September 26, 1954 the St. Peter's service was televised by the CBC network originates. It was the first Lutheran service telecast in the Dominion of Canada and the first service telecast in Ottawa. On June 26, 1955 the choir pews, which were donated by the Hon. Senator John J. McKinley, were dedicated in commemoration of the birth of Lutheranism in Canada. In 1958, the buildings at the front of the church were demolished to make room for the Garden of the Provinces, which was opened in September, 1962.
In 1963, after fire at 403 Queen Street, caused extensive damage, the Church building was torn down the site was used for parking. In 1967 a bell carillon was installed by the congregation as a Centennial Project in memory of members whose faithfulness and sacrifice made the present church possible. In February 1968, six stonemasons and labourers from the congregation extended the tower by 11 feet led by the architect Oskars Krauze. On October 27 Governor General Roland Michener attended the Reformation Service which was televised on CBC. On November 12, 1972, the mortgages on the church, parsonage and the Queen Street property were discharged.
On May 1, 1974, the church purchases 136 Bay Street, which was designated in 1979 as a Heritage Property. Costs to restore the building make restoration prohibitive. The most significant interior features are the Casavant organ, dedicated on January 30, 1977. On November 23, 1982 the Supreme Court of Canada ruled that the City of Ottawa must repeal the by-law designating 136 Bay Street as heritage and pay court costs. In January 1983, the property was demolished.
The stained glass windows, created by Canadian artist Russell Goodman between 1985 and 1993, focus on the life of Christ and the Lutheran heritage. On May 12, 1985 the stained-glass window in the chancel was dedicated. In 1991, Danielle Dubé, St. Peter's Organist and Choir Director, organized the first Ottawa Lutheran Music and Choir Festival. In 1991 the annual “Mitten Tree”, an Advent outreach project to provide warm clothing for children and adults in the Ottawa community, was installed. To assist local food banks the Congregation initiates “Tree of Life” and “Share Thanksgiving” food drives in 1992. In 1993, St. Peter's introduced a weekly prayer calendar that remembers others during Worship service.
External links
St. Peter's Lutheran Church Website
References
Churches in Ottawa
Christian organizations established in 1910
20th-century Lutheran churches
20th-century churches in Canada |
4005262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C5%8Dkei%20%28sculptor%29 | Kōkei (sculptor) | Kōkei (康慶, active 1175–1200) was a Japanese sculptor of the Kamakura period. He headed the Kei school during the reconstructions of Tōdai-ji and Kōfuku-ji. Although his works are still largely in the style established by Jōchō in the Heian period, Kōkei's sculpture show a move toward the greater realism that characterizes the works of his disciples Unkei, Kaikei, and Jōkei.
Career
Kōkei was a direct descendant, both genetically and artistically, of Jōchō, a master sculptor of the Heian period. He was likely the organizer of the Kei school, which comprised his son, disciples, and assistants. Notable members of Kōkei's school include Unkei, Kaikei, and Jōkei.
Today, Kōkei is best known for leading teams involved in the 1188–1189 reconstruction of the Tōdai-ji and Kōfuku-ji, temples in Nara, Japan. He and his assistants were placed in charge of work at the Nanendō (Southern Octagonal Hall). Statues by Kōkei there include the Four Heavenly Guardians and the Six Patriarchs of Hossō. The centerpiece is the giant Fukūkenjaku Kannon, which he created in 1188. This was a replacement for an original created in 746 and lost in a temple fire.
First-hand details of Kōkei's talent and personality come from the diary of Kujō Kanezane, who became the Fujiwara chieftain in 1186, and thus took over as supervisor of the temple reconstructions. Kanezane paints the artist as a greatly talented and morally sound man, but also as someone who did not refrain from questioning Kanezane's decisions.
Style
Kōkei's works are still largely in the Heian mold established by his ancestor, Jōchō. For example, Kōkei's Fukūkenjaku Kannon follows Jōchō's canon of proportions: widely spread legs provide a base for a triangular figure with a square-shaped face. Likewise, the folds of drapery still follow a conventional geometric pattern.
However, Kōkei does show signs of the emerging realism that characterizes the art of the Kei school. He uses crystal inlays to give a more lifelike sheen to the Kannon's eyes and byakugo (Sanskrit: urna). The details of the face and clothing are more deeply carved and realized than those in Jōchō's work. Individual hairs are carefully carved into the figure's head. The result is a figure that seems more corporeal than the ephemeral-looking works of the previous 150 years.
Notes
References
Grapard, Allan G. (1992). The Protocol of the Gods: A Study of the Kasuga Cult in Japanese History. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Mason, Penelope (2005). History of Japanese Art. 2nd ed, rev. by Dinwiddie, Donald. Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education Inc.
Noma, Seiroku (2003). The Arts of Japan: Ancient and Medieval. Kodansha International.
Paine, Robert Treat, and Soper, Alexander (1981). The Art and Architecture of Japan. 3rd ed. Penguin Books Ltd.
Kei school
Japanese Buddhists
Japanese sculptors
12th-century births
13th-century deaths |
4005269 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loose%20Fur%20%28album%29 | Loose Fur (album) | Loose Fur is the first studio album by the rock band Loose Fur. It was released in 2003 on Drag City.
Track listing
All music by Loose Fur.
"Laminated Cat" (lyrics by Jeff Tweedy) – 7:18
"Elegant Transaction" (lyrics by Jim O'Rourke) – 6:15
"So Long" (lyrics by O'Rourke) – 8:59
"You Were Wrong" (lyrics by Tweedy) – 3:33
"Liquidation Totale" (instrumental) – 5:37
"Chinese Apple" (lyrics by Tweedy) – 7:34
Credits
Mixed by Jim O'Rourke.
Engineered by Jeremy Lemos and Kris Poulin.
Mastered by Konrad Strauss
Miscellanea
Cover art is from Brian Calvin's 1998 painting, California Free Form.
The album was recorded in 2000, but not released until early 2003.
References
2003 debut albums
Drag City (record label) albums
Loose Fur albums
Albums produced by Jim O'Rourke (musician) |
4005286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Born%20Again%20in%20the%20USA | Born Again in the USA | Born Again in the USA is the second and final studio album by Loose Fur. The album was released on March 21, 2006.
Track listing
"Hey Chicken" – 3:02
"The Ruling Class" – 3:35
"Answers to Your Questions" – 4:58
"Apostolic" – 2:48
"Stupid as the Sun" – 2:33
"Pretty Sparks" – 3:12
"An Ecumenical Matter" – 3:20
"Thou Shalt Wilt" – 2:47
"Wreckroom" – 8:36
"Wanted" – 3:00
References
Loose Fur albums
2006 albums
Drag City (record label) albums |
4005289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Manning%20%28British%20politician%29 | William Manning (British politician) | William Manning (1 December 1763 – 17 April 1835) was a British merchant, politician, and Governor of the Bank of England.
Biography
Manning was the son of West India merchant William Coventry Manning and Elizabeth Ryan. Manning's sister Martha married American Revolutionary War patriot John Laurens. Manning joined his father's firm, taking control after his father's death in 1791.
He worked as a merchant in the West Indies, acting as agent for St Vincent (1792-1806) and for Grenada (1825-1831). He was elected a Director of the Bank of England from 1792 to 1831 and its Governor between 1812 and 1814, having served as its Deputy Governor from 1810 to 1812. He also invested in the Australian Agricultural Company, becoming its Deputy Governor in 1826, and was president of the London Life Assurance from 1817 to 1830. Around the same time, he and several other merchants lobbied Secretary for Colonies William Huskisson for exclusive trading rights with New Zealand.
He was a prominent slave owner and member of the West India Committee. He was active politically trying to prevent the abolition of slavery.
He inherited Copped Hall, Totteridge, Hertfordshire, where his wife Mary Hunter re-designed the grounds, probably with the advice of Humphry Repton, damming the Folly Brook to create the ornamental Darland's Lake.
Between 1794 and 1830 he served almost continuously as a Member of Parliament in turn for Evesham, Lymington and Penryn.
After the death of Lord Frederick Campbell in 1816, he bought Combe Bank near Sevenoaks, Kent from Campbell's daughter. However, he got into financial difficulties in the 1820s and had to declare himself bankrupt in 1831. He was forced to resign from the Bank of England, sell his estates and move to a smaller property in Gower Street, London.
He died at Gower Street in 1835 and was buried at Sundridge, Kent. He had married twice; firstly Elizabeth, daughter of banker Abel Smith of Nottingham, with whom he had 2 daughters and secondly Mary, daughter of barrister Henry Lannoy Hunter of Beech Hill, Reading, Berkshire with whom he had 4 sons and 4 daughters.
One son, Henry Manning, was ordained as an Anglican clergyman and became a leader of the Oxford Movement, later converting to Catholicism and becoming the Archbishop of Westminster in 1865.
The Manning River in New South Wales, Australia was named in his honour.
New Zealand Company?
A "William Mannings" is listed as a director of the New Zealand Company in 1825, a venture chaired by the wealthy John George Lambton, Whig MP (and later 1st Earl of Durham), that made the first attempt to colonise New Zealand. There is no other trace of who this person was in the sources (or Google), and "Mannings" does not appear to be a common surname, but this might be worth following up at some point, as he apparently had some interest in New Zealand around that time.
Notes
References
External links
1763 births
1835 deaths
Deputy Governors of the Bank of England
Governors of the Bank of England
West Indies merchants
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for Plympton Erle
British MPs 1790–1796
British MPs 1796–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Penryn
UK MPs 1801–1802
UK MPs 1802–1806
UK MPs 1806–1807
UK MPs 1807–1812
UK MPs 1812–1818
UK MPs 1818–1820
UK MPs 1820–1826
UK MPs 1826–1830
People associated with King's College London
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Lymington
British slave owners
Tory MPs (pre-1834) |
4005294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tash%20ma%20Tash | Tash ma Tash | Tash Ma Tash (1993–2011) () ("No Big Deal" in English) was a popular Saudi Arabian satirical comedy that ran for 18 seasons and is considered one of the most successful television works in Saudi Arabia and the Arab world. The show followed a sketch comedy format. It aired on the Saudi State-owned television channel Saudi 1 for 13 seasons but in 2005 it was bought by MBC. New episodes ran exclusively during Ramadan right after sunset. The United States Library of Congress requested some parts of the work to be placed in the library’s archive. The idea of the series started through the artists Abdullah Al Sadhan and Nasser Al Qasabi, and directed by Amer Al Hamoud. After the first two seasons, the trio separated to be the duo Abdullah Al Sadhan and Nasser Al-Qasabi, in cooperation with the director Abdul Khaleq AlGhanem.
Synopsis
The show consists of episodic comedy sketches that present social commentary on the Saudi society. Every episode has a new story and characters, though popular characters tend to re-appear in new storylines. Most episodes poke fun at the flaws of Saudi society while others show a tendency for dark comedy and melodrama. The show was one of the pioneers of self-criticism in the Saudi media, with the episodes often dealing with sensitive topics such as social aspects, culture, terrorism, marital relations, and religion.
The show satirizes regional social, cultural, and legal state found within Saudi Arabia.
Cast
Nasir Al-Gasabi
Abdullah Al-Sadhan
Fahd Al-Hayyan
Yousef Al-Jarrah
Bashir Ghoneim
Mohammed Al-assa
Habib Al-Habib
Rashid Al Shamrani
Ali Al-Mdfa
Khaled Sami
Khaled El Sayed
Fahad Olayan
Reem Abdullah
Set Locations
Reception
John R. Bradley, author of Saudi Arabia Exposed: Inside a Kingdom in Crisis, said that the show continues to run and receive high ratings because, in Saudi Arabia, people perceive comedy to be a good valve for frustrations for social, regional, and other issues.
The show has been a target for religious clergy after an episode aired which criticized the judges of the local courts (who are clergymen) of skipping work or leaving early, leaving paperwork and cases delayed.
One episode portrayed the difficulty for women to do basic things without a mahram (a legal male guardian). The two heroines of the episode were alone because the husband of one and brother of the other were in Paris for a few weeks. The women were harassed and flirted with in parks by young men, escorted out of shops and turned away from banks. They tried to regain freedom of movement by borrowing a senile grand father (a cure worse than the disease) and finally disguised the daughter of one and niece of the other as a little boy. Ultra-conservatives deemed this episode offensive to Islamic traditions. Many people considered this episode to be somewhat exaggerated but true.
The two stars of the show even received death threats from terrorists after the show aired an episode which attacked terrorism. Actors constantly receive death threats.
As of 2011, the show has been discontinued and there are no plans for future seasons.
Badria Al-Bishir details what she calls battles between the extremist (mutawa) and the liberals in Saudi Arabia. The show is considered a milestone in the critique of extremist thought in Saudi Arabia, which has been used to shape the public opinion. It rose in times when the Newspapers and TV production were dominated by the liberal party, while the educational systems were dominated by the religious party. The nature of the clash has often been explored in the Tash Ma Tash program.
References
1990s television sketch shows
2000s television sketch shows
2010s television sketch shows
1993 Saudi Arabian television series debuts
2011 Saudi Arabian television series endings
1990s Saudi Arabian television series
2000s Saudi Arabian television series
2010s Saudi Arabian television series
Middle East Broadcasting Center
1990s comedy television series
2000s comedy television series
2010s comedy television series
Saudi Arabian comedy television series |
4005300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C3%A1szl%C3%B3 | László | László () is a Hungarian male given name and surname after the King-Knight Saint Ladislaus I of Hungary (1077–1095). It derives from Ladislav, a variant of Vladislav. Other versions are Lessl or Laszly. The name has a history of being frequently anglicized as Leslie. It is the most common male name among the whole Hungarian male population since 2003.
People with this name are listed below by field.
Given name
Science and mathematics
László Babai (b. 1950), Hungarian-born American mathematician and computer scientist
László Lovász (b. 1948), Hungarian mathematician
László Fejes Tóth (1915–2005), Hungarian mathematician
László Fuchs (b. 1924), Hungarian-American mathematician
László Rátz (1863–1930), influential Hungarian mathematics high school teacher
László Tisza (1907–2009), Professor of Physics Emeritus at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology
László Mérő (b. 1949), Hungarian research psychologist and science author
Politics and the military
László Almásy (politician) (1869–1936), Hungarian jurist, soldier and politician
László Batthyány-Strattmann (1870–1931), Hungarian aristocrat and physician
László Ignác Bercsényi (1689–1778), Hungarian-born soldier who became Marshal of France
László Csány, Hungarian politician, who served as Minister of Public Works and Transport in 1849, martyr of the Hungarian Revolution of 1848
László Kövér (b. 1959), Hungarian politician and Speaker of the National Assembly of Hungary
László Rajk (1909–1949), Hungarian communist Minister of the Interior and Minister of Foreign Affairs
László L. Simon (born 1972), Hungarian politician and writer
László Sólyom (b. 1942), Hungarian politician, lawyer and librarian; President of Hungary from 2005 to 2010
László Szalkai (1485–1526), Archbishop of Esztergom and official under King Louis II of Hungary
László Szapáry (1831–1883), Hungarian general
László Szőgyény-Marich, Sr. (1806–1893), Hungarian politician
László Szőgyény-Marich, Jr. (1841–1916), Austro-Hungarian diplomat; son of László Szőgyény-Marich, Sr.
László Teleki (1811–1861), Hungarian politician and writer
László Tőkés (b. 1952), Romanian Vice President of the European Parliament
Music
László Lajtha (1892–1963), composer
László Simon (1948–2009), Hungarian pianist
Laszlo Gardony (b. 1956) Hungarian-American pianist, composer
Film
László Kovács (cinematographer) (1933–2007), Hungarian-American cinematographer of Easy Rider, Five Easy Pieces and Frances
Peter Lorre (1904–1964), Hungarian-born Hollywood actor born László Löwenstein
Leslie Howard (actor) (1893–1943), British-Hungarian actor born László Steiner
Sports
Laszlo Bellak (1911–2006), Hungarian/American world champion table tennis player
László Bölöni (b. 1953), Romanian-born Hungarian former footballer and coach
László Cseh (b. 1985), Hungarian swimmer
László Kubala (1927–2002), Hungarian footballer
László Kuncz (1957–2020), Hungarian water polo player
László Papp (1926–2003), Hungarian boxer, the first boxer in Olympic history to win three successive gold medals
László Szabados (1911–1992), Hungarian swimmer
László Szollás (1907–1980), Hungarian world champion pairs skater
Other
László Almásy (1895–1951), Hungarian aristocrat, motorist, aviator, and explorer; basis for the protagonist of the film The English Patient
László Bárczay (1936–2016), Hungarian chess Grandmaster
Laszlo Berkowits (1928–2020), Hungarian-born American Reform rabbi
László Bíró (1899–1985), Hungarian-Argentine inventor of the ballpoint pen
László Hudec (1893–1958), Hungarian-Slovak architect
László Krasznahorkai (b. 1954), Hungarian novelist and screenwriter
László Listi (1628–1662), Hungarian poet executed in Vienna for counterfeiting coins
László Moholy-Nagy (1895–1946), Hungarian painter of the Bauhaus school
László Szabó (chess player) (1917–1998), Hungarian Grandmaster
Laszlo Toth (1938–2012), noted Hungarian-Australian art critic
Les Murray (1945-2017), born László Ürge, Hungarian-Australian football broadcaster
Fictional characters
Lazlo (character), in the 2005–08 Cartoon Network series Camp Lazlo
Lazlo (Suikoden), the protagonist in the Japanese novelization of Suikoden IV
Laszlo, a human-pig hybrid in the two-part Doctor Who story that begins with Daleks in Manhattan
Laszlo (The Butcher), the final boss of the Fortress Campaign in the video game Heroes of Might and Magic V: Hammers of Fate
Laszlo Carreidas, a character in the Tintin comic Flight 714 to Sydney
Lazlo Hollyfeld, in the 1985 film Real Genius
Lazlo Gogolak, the villain in the 2004 comedy film The Whole Ten Yards
Laszlo W. Kovic, a CIA agent in the video game Battlefield 4
Lazlo Zand, in the Robotech universe
Lazlo Curious, a character who lives in the Strangetown neighborhood in The Sims 2
Lazlo, a character in Salvation (TV series)
Lazlo Valentin, the alter ego of DC Comics supervillain Professor Pyg
Dr. Laszlo Kreizler, titular character of the novel The Alienist and its TV adaptation
Lazlo Strange, the protagonist in Laini Taylor's book Strange the Dreamer
Laszlo Cravensworth, a vampire from the sitcom What We Do in the Shadows
Laszlo, a character in the video game Half-Life 2
Surname
Science and mathematics
Alexander Laszlo (scientist) (1964), American systems scientist
Ernő László (1897–1973), Hungarian-born American dermatologist and cosmetic businessman
Ervin László (b. 1932), Hungarian philosopher of science, systems theorist, and integral theorist
Yves Laszlo, French mathematician working in the École Polytechnique
Music
Ferenc László (1937–2010), Romanian musicologist and flautist
Ken Laszlo, Italian pop singer
Viktor Lazlo (born 1960), stage name of Belgian singer Sonia Dronier
Willem Laszlo (born 1998), Dutch electronic music producer on Monstercat
Film
Andrew Laszlo (1926–2011) Hungarian-American cinematographer
Ernest Laszlo (1898–1984), Hungarian-American cinematographer and Academy Award winner
Hana Laszlo (b. 1953) Israeli actress and comedian who won the Best Actress Award at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival
Sports
Csaba László (footballer born 1964), Hungarian football player and manager
Csaba László (footballer born 1967), Hungarian football player
László Szollás (1907–1980), world champion and Olympic medalist pair skater.
Other
Miklós László (1903–1973), Hungarian-American playwright
Paul László, (1900–1993), architect
Philip de László (1869–1937), Hungarian painter known for portraits of royalty and aristocrats
Tony László (b. 1960), journalist
Fictional characters
Carl Lazlo, Esq., an idealistic lawyer in the 1980 movie Where the Buffalo Roam
Victor Laszlo, in the 1942 film Casablanca (film), played by Paul Henreid
See also
Albert-László Barabási, Hungarian-Romanian scientist
Ladislaus (disambiguation)
Lazlow Jones, American talk show host and game developer, known for his work on the Grand Theft Auto series
Laszlo Toth is a pen name for comedian and humorist Don Novello
References
Hungarian masculine given names
Surnames of Slavic origin |
4005315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kornbluth | Kornbluth | The name Kornbluth or Kornblut (, "grain blossom") may refer to:
People
Anne Kornblut (born 1973), American journalist
Cyril M. Kornbluth (1923–1958), American science fiction author
Frances Kornbluth, American abstract expressionist painter
Jacob Kornbluth, director
Josh Kornbluth (born 1959), American comedic monologuist
Sally Kornbluth, cell biologist and Professor of Pharmacology
Other
Pohl & Kornbluth, the writing team of Frederik Pohl and Cyril M. Kornbluth
Dr. Walter Kornbluth, fictional character in the 1984 movie Splash (film)
See also
Kornblit |
4005319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suddenly%20Human | Suddenly Human | "Suddenly Human" is the 78th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the fourth episode of the fourth season.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, the Enterprise rescues a Starfleet admiral's grandson, long thought dead, but who had been adopted and raised by the enemies who killed the boy's parents.
Plot
The Enterprise responds to a distress call from a Talarian vessel. They rescue five teenaged crewmembers - four Talarian, and one human, Jono (Chad Allen).
Jono keeps to himself, but shows strict obedience to Captain Picard, which together with some unexplained past injuries leads Doctor Crusher to suggest Jono may have been physically abused. It is determined that Jono is Jeremiah Rossa, a long-lost Federation citizen. His grandmother is a Starfleet admiral, and he was orphaned ten years ago when his parents were killed in a skirmish with the Talarians.
When the Captain introduces the topic of Jono's human family, Jono becomes angry. After persistent effort by Picard, Jono's memories of the attack begin to return and a friendship develops between Jono and Wesley Crusher.
A Talarian ship arrives. Its Captain, Endar, asks for a status on his son, who happens to be Jono. Endar had claimed Jono as his own son after the boy's parents were killed ten years earlier, in keeping with the Talarian tradition of adopting the children of slain enemies to replace children of their own who die in battle. Endar explains Jono's injuries as the products of a boy trying to impress his father by participating in high-risk activities; Picard seems satisfied and observes that Endar seems to care for Jono. Picard allows Endar to see Jono, but when Jono says he wants to stay with Endar, Picard suspects the boy is afraid to say he wants to stay in the Federation. Endar insists that Jono will come back with him, even if the result is war between the Talarians and the Federation.
Returning to his vessel, Endar calls for reinforcements, as Picard decides to try to convince Jono to stay. After Jono receives a message from his grandmother, Picard takes the boy to play a form of racquetball, where Jono breaks down and cries. The crew believes they are making progress with the boy, but that night, Jono stabs the sleeping Picard in the chest. The blade deflects off Picard's sternum, causing only a minor wound, but the problem of where Jono should live is now compounded due to the assault he has just committed.
When Picard learns that Jono feels he cannot betray Endar by befriending Picard, the Captain realizes he has been trying to impose his wishes on the boy. Just as Endar's patience is about to run out, Picard contacts the Talarians and lets them know he will let Jono go back. Jono bids Picard farewell with a Talarian ritual that is normally reserved for family members.
Reviews
Jamahl Epsicokhan of TrekNation's Jammer's Reviews, pointed out that this was the third TNG episode in a row to deal with family issues. Epsicokhan called “Suddenly Human” the least effective of the three family-oriented episodes, criticizing the script by stating that the plot took too long to play out, and that the storyline was flat in parts. The reviewer was also disappointed that the Starfleet admiral's reaction to her request for custody being disregarded by Picard was left as an unresolved plot point.
Releases
On February 27, 1996 "Best of Both Worlds, Part II" and "Suddenly Human" were released on LaserDisc in the USA. This paired episode 1, and episode 4 from season 4 on one double-sided 12 inch optical disc.
"Suddenly Human" was released in the United States on September 3, 2002, as part of the Star Trek: The Next Generation season four DVD box set.
References
External links
"Suddenly Human" rewatch by Keith R.A. DeCandido
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 4) episodes
Television episodes about adoption
1990 American television episodes |
4005322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich%20Vogt | Erich Vogt | Erich Wolfgang Vogt, (November 12, 1929 - February 19, 2014) was a Canadian physicist.
Born into a pacifist Mennonite family in Steinbach, Manitoba Vogt received a Bachelor of Science degree in 1951 and a Master of Science degree in 1952 from the University of Manitoba. He received a Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1955 under the direction of Eugene Wigner.
In 1965, he started teaching at the University of British Columbia. From 1975 to 1981, he was the Vice President (Faculty & Student Affairs). He retired in 1994, although he came back in 2000 to teach several 100 level physics courses. He is best known as one of the founders of TRIUMF, Canada's national laboratory of nuclear and particle physics, which utilizes a particle accelerator, located on the University of British Columbia. He was the director from 1981 to 1994. Vogt co-authored and edited 24 volumes of Advances of Nuclear Physics with John W. Neagle.
In 1976, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada for his "role in the creation the new multi-million dollar cyclotron at the University of British Columbia, which is a major achievement in Physics in Canada". In 2006, he was awarded the Order of British Columbia. In 1970, he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada.
He has received honorary degrees from the University of Manitoba, Queen's University, University of Regina, Carleton University, Simon Fraser University, and University of British Columbia.
On December 4, 2009, he gave his final lecture at the UBC Hennings Building, room 201, to his class of Physics 107 students. This lecture was also attended by faculty members as well as former students. He continued to work at TRIUMF.
References
External links
1929 births
2014 deaths
Canadian physicists
Canadian university and college vice-presidents
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Officers of the Order of Canada
Members of the Order of British Columbia
Princeton University alumni
University of Manitoba alumni
Canadian Mennonites
Mennonite writers
People from Steinbach, Manitoba
University of British Columbia faculty
Presidents of the Canadian Association of Physicists |
4005332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Finnegan | William Finnegan | William Finnegan is a staff writer at The New Yorker and author of works of international journalism. He has specially addressed issues of racism and conflict in Southern Africa and politics in Mexico and South America, as well as poverty among youth in the United States, and is well known for his writing on surfing.
Early years
Finnegan was born in New York City, the eldest of four children to Patricia and Bill Finnegan, a television and film producer whose well known credits included Hawaii Five-O and The Fabulous Baker Boys. Bill Finnegan worked on a number of television productions shot on location in Hawaii and William and his siblings were raised in Los Angeles and Hawaii. William graduated from William Howard Taft High School in Woodland Hills, California and received his B.A. from the University of California, Santa Cruz in 1974 with a degree in Literature. During his youth he took up surfing, which became a lifelong passion he still practices off Long Island when at home. Finnegan spent the next four years taking seasonal jobs and working on an MFA in creative writing at the University of Montana. Finnegan then spent four years abroad, traveling in Asia, Australia, and Africa. He supported himself with freelance travel writing and other odd jobs, but upon reaching Cape Town, South Africa, Finnegan was in need of a job. He found a position as an English teacher at Grassy Park High School, a school for "coloured" students. Finnegan's teaching experience coincided with a nationwide school boycott, giving him fodder for his first book, Crossing the Line: A Year in the Land of Apartheid, which was published in 1986 and was selected by the New York Times Book Review as one of the ten best nonfiction books of the year.
Journalism career
Finnegan's experience in South Africa transformed him from a novelist to a political journalist. His first short piece, about his experience living in Sri Lanka, was published in Mother Jones in 1979. Finnegan began contributing to The New Yorker in 1984 and has been a staff writer there since 1987. He has also contributed to Harper's and The New York Review of Books, among other publications.
Finnegan contributed a two-part series for the New Yorker in 1992 entitled "Playing Doc's Games." A widely experienced surfer himself, Finnegan writes about the local surf scene in San Francisco revolving around Ocean Beach and Dr. Mark Renneker ("Doc") as well as Finnegan's own personal experiences. A remarkable piece of writing, it is considered to be one of the best pieces of journalism on surfing.
Finnegan's next two books grew out of assignments for The New Yorker. In 1986, he was sent to Johannesburg, where he followed black reporters who gathered information for white reporters during Apartheid. This led to the 1988 publication of Dateline Soweto: Travels with Black South African Reporters. A Complicated War: The Harrowing of Mozambique, published in 1992, grew out of a series of correspondences about the war-torn nation for the magazine, and Finnegan's own travels throughout that war-torn nation. 1998 saw the publication of Cold New World: Growing Up in a Harder Country, which deals with the bleak lives of American teenagers in spite of the United States’ economic affluence. It was a finalist for the New York Public Library’s Helen Bernstein Book Award for Excellence in Journalism in 1999.
In the July 20th, 2009 issue of The New Yorker, Finnegan profiled Sheriff Joe Arpaio of Maricopa County, Arizona and his role in the conflict over immigration in that border state. In the May 31st, 2010 issue, he reported from Michoacan state in Mexico on the rise of the "La Familia" drug gang and the increasing social and political instability in Mexico. His "Talk of the Town" comment on "Borderlines," which addresses the U.S. political stalemate over immigration reform, appeared in the magazine's issue for July 26, 2010.
Awards
Finnegan's autobiographical work "Barbarian Days: A Surfing Life" won the 2016 Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography. Finnegan has twice received the John Bartlow Martin Award for Public Interest Magazine Journalism, given by Northwestern University’s Medill School of Journalism, in 1994 and 1996. He has twice been a National Magazine Award finalist, in 1990 and 1995. In 1994, his article “Deep East Texas” won the Edward M. Brecher Award for Achievement in the Field of Journalism from the Drug Policy Foundation. His article “The Unwanted” won the Sidney Hillman Award for Magazine Reporting in 1998. His report from Sudan, “The Invisible War,” won a Citation for Excellence from the Overseas Press Club in 2000. In 2002, Hunter College, City University of New York, honored him with the James Aronson Award for Social Justice Journalism for his article "Leasing the Rain" on the fight to control fresh water.
Bibliography
Books
,
Essays and reporting
References
External links
The New York Review of Books: Books and Articles by William Finnegan
Living people
Writers from Los Angeles
Writers from Hawaii
University of California, Santa Cruz alumni
University of Montana alumni
American male journalists
Journalists from California
American political writers
American travel writers
The New Yorker people
The New Yorker staff writers
William Howard Taft Charter High School alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
Pulitzer Prize for Biography or Autobiography winners
American male biographers |
4005340 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Board%20representation%20%28computer%20chess%29 | Board representation (computer chess) | Board representation in computer chess is a data structure in a chess program representing the position on the chessboard and associated game state. Board representation is fundamental to all aspects of a chess program including move generation, the evaluation function, and making and unmaking moves (i.e. search) as well as maintaining the state of the game during play. Several different board representations exist. Chess programs often utilize more than one board representation at different times, for efficiency. Execution efficiency and memory footprint are the primary factors in choosing a board representation; secondary considerations are effort required to code, test and debug the application.
Early programs used piece lists and square lists, both array based. Most modern implementations use a more elaborate but more efficient bit array approach called bitboards which map bits of a 64-bit word or double word to squares of the board.
Board state
A full description of a chess position, i.e. the position "state", must contain the following elements:
The location of each piece on the board
Whose turn it is to move
Status of the 50-move draw rule. The name of this is sometimes a bit confusing, as it is 50 moves by each player, and therefore 100 half-moves, or ply. For example, if the previous 80 half-moves passed without a capture or a pawn move, the fifty-move rule will kick in after another twenty half-moves.
Whether either player is permanently disqualified to castle, both kingside and queenside.
If an en passant capture is possible.
Board representation typically does not include the status of the threefold repetition draw rule. To determine this rule, a complete history of the game from the last irreversible action (capture, pawn movement, or castling) needs to be maintained, and so, is generally tracked in separate data structures. Without this information, models may repeat the position despite having a winning advantage, resulting in an excessive amount of draws.
The board state may also contain secondary derived information like which pieces attack a square; for squares containing pieces, which spaces are attacked or guarded by that piece; which pieces are pinned; and other convenient or temporary state.
The board state is associated with each node of the game tree, representing a position arrived at by a move, whether that move was played over the board, or generated as part of the program's search. It is conceptually local to the node, but may be defined globally, and incrementally updated from node to node as the tree is traversed.
Types
Array based
Piece lists
Some of the very earliest chess programs working with extremely limited amounts of memory maintained serial lists (arrays) of the pieces in a conveniently searchable order, like largest to smallest; associated with each piece was its location on the board as well as other information, such as squares representing its legal moves. There were several lists, one set for white pieces and another for black pieces. The lists were usually divided into pieces and pawns. This was a compact representation because most squares of the board are unoccupied, but inefficient because acquiring information about the relationship of pieces to the board or to each other was tedious. Piece lists are still used by many of today's programs in conjunction with a separate board representation structure, to give serial access to the pieces without searching the board.
Square list
One of the simplest ways to represent a board is to create an 8x8 two-dimensional array (or, equivalently, a 64 element one-dimensional array). Each array element would identify what piece occupied the given square, or alternatively, if the square is empty. A common encoding is to consider 0 as empty, positive as white, and negative as black, e.g., white pawn +1, black pawn −1, white knight +2, black knight −2, white bishop +3, and so on. This scheme is called mailbox addressing.
A problem with this approach arises during move generation. Each move has to be checked to ensure it is on the board, significantly slowing down the process. One solution is to use a 12x12 array instead, with the outer edges filled with, say, the value 99. During move generation, the operation to check for a piece on the destination square will also indicate whether the destination square is off the board.
Better memory usage can be achieved with a 10x12 array, which provides the same functionalities as a 12x12 one by overlapping the leftmost and rightmost edge files (which are marked as off-the-board). Some chess engines use 16x16 arrays to improve the speed of the rank and file number conversion and allow some special coding tricks for attacks etc.
0x88 method
The 0x88 method takes advantage of the fact that a chessboard's 8x8 dimensions are an even power of two (i.e. 8 squared). The board uses a one-dimensional array of size 16x8 = 128, numbered 0 to 127 rather than an array of size 64. It is basically two boards next to each other, the actual board on the left while the board on the right would contain illegal territory. The binary layout for a legal board coordinate's rank and file within the array is 0rrr0fff (The r's are the 3 bits used to represent the rank. The f's for the file). For example, 0x71 (binary 01110001) would represent the square b8 (in Algebraic notation). When generating moves from the main board, one can check that a destination square is on the main board before consulting the array simply by ANDing the square number with hexadecimal 0x88 (binary 10001000). A non-zero result indicates that the square is off the main board. In addition, the difference between two squares' coordinates uniquely determines whether those two squares are along the same row, column, or diagonal (a common query used for determining check).
Bitboards
A more efficient but more elaborate board representation than the array-based structures is the bitboard. A bitboard is a 64-bit sequence of bits (0 or 1), which indicates the absence or presence (false or true) of some state of each space on the board. A board position can then be represented using a series of bitboards. For example, a series of bitboards for each piece type, for each side, can represent the board position.
The advantage to this representation is the ability to use bit parallel operations upon the 64-bit entities instead of iteration to manipulate and derive information about the state of the board. This makes maximal use of the hardware available, especially as 64-bit processors have become mainstream.
A substantive advantage of bitboards is that enables maps for the spaces attacked by each type of piece on each space of the board to be pre-collated and stored in a table, so that possible moves of the piece can be retrieved in a single memory fetch of the attack map for the square on which the piece resides which, excluding spaces occupied by friendly pieces (one bitwise operation), yields the legal moves of the piece. But the moves of the sliding pieces (rooks, bishops, queens) are indeterminate because the moves of these pieces depend on the configuration of other pieces on the board. So special and complex data structures have been devised to represent their moves.
Rotated bitboards
Rotated bitboards is a move generation technique for the sliding pieces that uses rotated copies of a bitboard to place spaces (bits) in a file or diagonal into adjacent bits analogous to the bits representing a rank. These bits can be extracted and used as an index into a table to obtain the map of spaces attacked by these pieces. The bitboard is rotated 90° for file indexing and either 45° or -45° for diagonal indexing. Rotating a chessboard is conceptually challenging, and rotating a bitboard is computational inelegant, but the transformation avoids serially enumerating the piece moves, or a lengthy sequence of shifting and masking a bitboard of the attack map of the piece to take into account the board configuration.
Direct lookup
The masked ranks, files and diagonals of sliding pieces can be used via a hash function to directly index a table of precomputed attack vectors based on the occupancy bits in the masked portion. One such scheme that uses a perfect hash function along with tricks to minimize the potential size of the table that must be stored in memory, is called "magic bitboards".
Transposition table
A transposition table is a cache of previously seen positions, and associated evaluations, in a game tree generated by a computer game playing program. For fast searching of the table, a hash function may be used, such as Zobrist hashing, to speed finding matching boards.
Other methods
Other methods such as Compact Chessboard Representation (CCR) have been proposed, but none has gained acceptance.
CCR uses 4 bits per square to represent the occupancy of the square, an entire rank can be represented in 32 bits, and the board in 8 registers (with an additional one for remaining position information). The occupancy code for a square can be dialed out of a register and added to the program counter to index a jump table, branching directly to code to generate moves for the type of piece on this square (if any). Although the program is longer than for conventional move generation methods, no checks for the edge of the board are required, and no moves off the board are possible, increasing move generation speed.
The drawbacks of CCR are: 1) dependency on 32-bit word size; 2) availability of at least 9 free registers to the API; 3) necessity of assembly programming on a CISC architecture to access the registers; 4) non-portability of assembly application.
Notes
References
Computer chess |
4005388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica%20Mayhem | Monica Mayhem | Monica Mayhem is an Australian former pornographic actress, exotic dancer and singer.
Early life
Mayhem was born in Brisbane, Queensland, Australia and she is half Australian and half Welsh. She attended Kenmore State High School but was expelled. Prior to working in porn, she worked in financial markets and futures trading in Sydney. She then moved to London and worked in an International Petroleum Exchange brokerage.
Career
Mayhem began her career in the adult entertainment industry as a dancer at the Spearmint Rhino on Tottenham Court Road. In December 2000, she moved to the United States (allegedly on a dare) to begin acting in pornographic films. Her first scene was with Lee Stone in Real Sex Magazine 38. In 2002, she won the XRCO Award for Starlet of the Year and the FOXE Award for "Vixen of the Year".
Outside pornographic films, Mayhem was a singer/guitarist in the all-girl metal band "Sweet Avenge".
In 2008, she appeared in a small role in the Sex and the City film, in which she is seen through a window having sex with Samantha's neighbour Dante.
Mayhem wrote an autobiography titled Absolute Mayhem: Confessions of an Aussie Porn Star, which was released by Random House Australia in 2009 in her native Australia and by Skyhorse Publishing in North America the following year. A French translation was published in 2011 by Camion Noir.
In August 2010, she announced that she had retired from pornographic acting, after over 400 films, and that she was engaged to a Sydney veterinarian.
References
External links
1978 births
21st-century Australian women writers
21st-century Australian writers
Australian female erotic dancers
Australian pornographic film actresses
Australian people of Welsh descent
Women heavy metal singers
Living people
People from Brisbane
21st-century Australian women singers
American women guitarists
American guitarists |
4005393 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodrigo%20y%20Gabriela | Rodrigo y Gabriela | Rodrigo y Gabriela (Rodrigo and Gabriela) are a Mexican acoustic guitar duo whose music is influenced by a number of genres including nuevo flamenco, rock, and heavy metal. The duo's recordings consist largely of instrumental duets on the flamenco guitar. Currently residing in Mexico City, they began their career in Dublin, Ireland, during an eight-year stay. They have released five studio albums, three live albums and one EP. In 2011, they collaborated with Hans Zimmer on the Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides soundtrack while also contributing to the soundtrack for Puss in Boots. They have toured internationally and in May 2010, performed at The White House for President Barack Obama.
In January 2020, their fifth studio album Mettavolution won a Grammy Award for the Best Contemporary Instrumental Album at the 62nd Annual Grammy Awards.
Origins
Rodrigo Sánchez (born 9 January 1974) and Gabriela Quintero (born 11 June 1973) grew up in middle-class families in Mexico City. Their parents listened to flamenco, jazz, and rock music, but they both enjoyed heavy metal bands like Metallica, which proved influential to Rodrigo and Gabriela.
Rodrigo and Gabriela met at the age of 15, at 'la casa de la cultura' (House of Culture) in Mexico City, where Rodrigo's brother was the director. Quintero was in a drama class and at the suggestion of his brother, Rodrigo met up with her. She remembers "this 15-year-old boy there, dressed in a black ... with messy hair. Yet he was different to the other metal-heads his age: he seemed very serious and didn't drink or smoke". The two bonded over their interest in music and they soon became a couple.
In the early 1990s, Sánchez formed a heavy metal band called Tierra Ácida (Acid Land) with his brother. Quintero joined them in 1993 "as they couldn't get a guitarist who would please Rodrigo". When a record deal for the band fell through in 1997, Sánchez and Quintero left Mexico City for the resort town of Ixtapa on the Pacific coast of Mexico. They played in beach-side bars and hotels for nine months where "we wanted to play a different kind of music, something we could make as our own".
Sánchez and Quintero dated for many years before ending their relationship (but not their musical partnership) in 2012. "We're now better friends by far," said Quintero. "We no longer behave like 15-year-olds and it's allowed us to grow up."
Career
Growing frustrated with the limited scope of the domestic Mexican rock scene, the duo moved to Europe. After travelling around, they took up residence in Dublin, Ireland, in 1999, despite not speaking any English. Playing live gigs in various pubs and busking on Grafton Street where they began to play "many cover songs, which we enjoyed. Then we began to put in our own songs, and we've built up our repertoire from there". They became friends with fellow musician Damien Rice who invited them to open for one of his shows. He also introduced the duo to Niall Muckian, who became their manager. In the first half of 2001 they recorded a 9-track demo called Foc of their own material supplemented by some covers, also featuring an appearance by Zoe Conway.
As interest in the band grew, it was decided to re-record the songs on the demo as re-Foc in 2002 with a number of friends, including Lisa Hannigan who provided vocal stylings and Conway, who by now also was a feature of the live set-up of the duo. The album appeared on Muckian's own Rubyworks Records as he found that "because it is all instrumental, we found it hard to get major-label interest or any radio-play, so I put it out myself". As interest grew, the duo were offered further support-slots, which resulted in an eight-track live-album recorded in Dublin and Manchester, released in 2004.
The eponymous album, Rodrigo y Gabriela, entered the Irish Albums Chart at #1 beating Arctic Monkeys and Johnny Cash to the top spot. It was released internationally on March 13, 2006, having been given an earlier Irish release. Rodrigo y Gabriela, which was produced by John Leckie, includes covers of Led Zeppelin's "Stairway to Heaven" and Metallica's "Orion". The duo lists Metallica as being among their key influences, alongside other heavy metal bands such as Megadeth, Slayer, Testament and Overkill. The other tracks are original works inspired by the places they have been and the people they have met.
The duo had their national American TV debut on Late Show with David Letterman on December 18, 2006, performing "Diablo Rojo". Their song "Tamacun" featured in the pilot episode of AMC's Breaking Bad in January 2008. Live in Japan was released on October 20, 2008, in the United Kingdom, and includes 14 tracks, and a bonus DVD containing five videos. The Led Zeppelin cover can be found on the album Rhythms del Mundo Classics. Their feature on MTV gave them a huge boost in popularity in the United States. This led to a feature on Nightmare Revisited, a tribute album to Danny Elfman's music from Tim Burton's The Nightmare Before Christmas. The duo performed an instrumental version of "Oogie Boogie's Song."
They released a new album, 11:11, in September, 2009. Alex Skolnick of Testament guests on the album, as do Strunz & Farah. Upon the release of the new album, they received much mainstream American popularity and were the featured music on Monday Night Football on October 12, 2009, as they celebrated Latino Heritage Month.
Their song "Santo Domingo" was chosen as the Starbucks iTunes Pick of the Week for November 10, 2009. The duo was the musical guest on The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson that aired on CBS-TV on October 28, 2009, and was re-run on December 29, 2009. They performed "Buster Voodoo." They performed on Jools Holland's Annual Hootenanny on December 31, 2009.
The duo was the musical guest on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno that aired on NBC on March 23, 2010, to promote their album 11:11 and on Lopez Tonight which aired on TBS March 25, 2010. They headlined the West Holts stage on the Sunday night at Glastonbury 2010 and played the King Tuts Tent at T In The Park on 10 July 2010. They also had a spot on the main stage at Latitude festival that same July and they managed to draw in a huge crowd.
In 2010, Rodrigo y Gabriela contributed a live version of their song "Hora Zero" to the Enough Project and Downtown Records' Raise Hope for Congo compilation. Proceeds from the compilation fund efforts to make the protection and empowerment of Congo's women a priority, as well as inspire individuals around the world to raise their voice for peace in the Congo.
They played the Nice Jazz Festival on 23 July 2010, and the McMenamin's Edgefield outdoor concert in Portland, Oregon on August 14, 2010, as well as the Ravinia Festival on August 28, 2010, and The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on September 30, 2010. In September, 2010, the duo announced a hiatus from touring due to stress injuries caused by Gabriela's heavily percussive style of playing. However, they did manage to play five sold-out nights at Shepherd's Bush in London.
On January 20, 2011, Rodrigo y Gabriela entered the studio with Hans Zimmer to write and record sessions of the score from Pirates of the Caribbean: On Stranger Tides. The soundtrack was released on May 17, 2011, three days before the film's general release. On July 9, 2011, Rodrigo Y Gabriela performed a live set for Guitar Center Sessions on DirecTV. The episode included an interview with program host, Nic Harcourt. On July 25, 2011, Rodrigo y Gabriela released another live album entitled Live in France. Rodrigo y Gabriela were featured in the 2011 DreamWorks film Puss in Boots, scored by Henry Jackman. During 2011, Rodrigo y Gabriela recorded in Havana, Cuba, with C.U.B.A., a 13-piece Cuban orchestra, and special guest musicians (Anoushka Shankar on sitar and Le Trio Joubran on oud).
In January 2012 they released Area 52, their first album backed by other musicians. The tracks on the album are mostly re-worked versions of songs that have appeared on their duo albums, Rodrigo y Gabriela and 11:11. Reviews were mixed, with some tracks criticised for the backing band drowning out the guitar work that fans love but others praised where the guitar workouts "are allowed space to breathe by lighter salsa-style backing."
In April 2014, Rodrigo y Gabriela released their fourth studio album, entitled 9 Dead Alive.
Their fifth studio album Mettavolution was released by ATO Records on April 26, 2019 and includes a cover of the Pink Floyd song "Echoes". In January 2020, Mettavolution won a Grammy Award for 'Best Contemporary Instrumental Album' 62nd Annual Grammy Awards. In 2021, the duo contributed a cover of the Metallica song "The Struggle Within" to the charity tribute album The Metallica Blacklist.
Style
Reviewing one of their gigs, The Independent noted that "Rodrigo y Gabriela's secret is maybe quite simple. They are resourceful musicians, and are open-hearted, happy entertainers. That, very often, is what people want." Both Rodrigo and Gabriela play Yamaha NX series electro nylon string guitars exclusively. Rodrigo plays the slimmer neck NTX1200 and Gabriela plays the more traditional sized NCX2000 and NCX1200.
Discography
Self-released albums
Foc (April 2001)
Studio albums
Live albums
Extended plays
Live Session (2007)
Mettal (2020)
Jazz (2021)
Singles
"Mettavolution" - #25 on US Adult Alternative Songs
See also
New flamenco
Duofel
Lara & Reyes
Shahin & Sepehr
Strunz & Farah
Rumba flamenca
Young & Rollins
References
External links
Official Rodrigo y Gabriela site
Video Channel on MUZU TV
Interview on WNYC's Soundcheck
"The Musical Migration of Rodrigo y Gabriela" (Interview with Gabriela) in Irish Migration Studies in Latin America journal, March 2007
Interview on NPR's All Things Considered, October 10, 2009
Rodrigo y Gabriela Rock the White House
Anil Prasad, "Rodrigo y Gabriela Raucous rhythms", Innerviews.org, 2006
Mexican guitarists
Mexican folk music groups
Mexican buskers
ATO Records artists
Rock music duos
Musical groups established in 2000
Mexican musical duos
Male–female musical duos |
4005400 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurelijus%20%C5%BDukauskas | Eurelijus Žukauskas | Eurelijus Žukauskas (, born August 22, 1973) is a retired Lithuanian professional basketball player. At a height of 2.18 m (7'2") tall, and a weight of 118 kg (260 lbs.), he played at the center position.
Professional career
In the 1995 NBA Draft, Žukauskas was selected with the #54 draft pick by the Seattle SuperSonics, in the second round of the draft. On June 28, 1995, the Milwaukee Bucks acquired his rights from Seattle. In 2007, he signed a one-year contract with the Lithuanian club Žalgiris Kaunas, which he later renewed for another year.
He retired from playing professional basketball on May 20, 2009.
National team career
Žukauskas played with the senior Lithuanian national basketball team, from 1995 to 2004.
Post-playing career
Žukauskas currently plays recreational basketball in his hometown of Klaipėda, and he also acts as a judge at the Lithuanian League (LKL) Slam Dunk Contest.
Career statistics
EuroLeague
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2000–01
| style="text-align:left;"| Paf Wennington Bologna
| 11 || 5 || 13.0 || .392 || .1000 || .568 || 3.5 || .2 || 1.5 || .5 || 6.2 || 6.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2004–05
| style="text-align:left;"| Ülker Istanbul
| 22 || 22 || 27.0 || .636 || .000 || .558 || 7.0 || .8 || .7 || style="background:#CFECEC;"|1.8 || 10.7 || 15.5
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2007–08
| style="text-align:left;"| Žalgiris
| 19 || 19 || 18.1 || .475 || .000 || .353 || 4.4 || .8 || .3 || 1.4 || 3.6 || 5.4
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2008–09
| style="text-align:left;"| Žalgiris
| 7 || 2 || 9.2 || .333 || .000 || .000 || 1.6 || .6 || .3 || .9 || 1.1 || 1.4
Awards and achievements
Clubs
EuroLeague champion: (1999)
3× Lithuanian League Champion: (1998, 1999, 2008)
Lithuanian All-Star Game Slam Dunk Contest Champion: (1999)
FIBA Europe League Champion: (2004)
2× Baltic League champion: (2007, 2008)
Lithuanian League runner-up: (2007)
Lithuanian Cup winner: (2008)
Lithuanian senior national team
1996 Summer Olympic Games:
2000 Summer Olympic Games:
FIBA EuroBasket 2003:
References
External links
Euroleague.net Profile
1973 births
Living people
Basketball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Basketball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
BC Neptūnas players
BC Rytas players
BC UNICS players
BC Žalgiris players
Centers (basketball)
FIBA EuroBasket-winning players
Fortitudo Pallacanestro Bologna players
Greek Basket League players
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Greece
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Italy
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Russia
Lithuanian expatriate basketball people in Turkey
Lithuanian men's basketball players
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympiacos B.C. players
Olympic basketball players of Lithuania
Olympic bronze medalists for Lithuania
Olympic medalists in basketball
Seattle SuperSonics draft picks
Basketball players from Klaipėda
Ülker G.S.K. basketball players
1998 FIBA World Championship players |
4005411 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Belarusian%20State%20Technological%20University | Belarusian State Technological University | Belarusian State Technological University (; ) is a university in Minsk, Belarus specialized in engineering and technology. It was established in Gomel in 1930 as the Forestry Institute. In 1941, it was evacuated to Sverdlovsk, now Yekaterinburg. Returned to Gomel in 1944, but in 1946 relocated to Minsk as the Belarusian Institute of Technology.
Structure
47 departments
11 faculties
Dean's office for foreign students
Pre-University courses
Negoreloe forestry experimental station
Botanical garden
Meteorological station
Educational-production forest-processing complex
Borisov educational-scientific experimental station
Technological gymnasium
Prominent alumni
Yuri Puntus - former BATE Borisov and Belarus national football team coach.
Universities and institutes established in the Soviet Union
Universities in Minsk
Educational institutions established in 1930
1930 establishments in the Soviet Union |
4005412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Description%20language | Description language | Description language may refer to:
Interface description language aka interface definition language (IDL)
Regular Language description for XML (RELAX)
Web Services Description Language (WSDL)
Page description language (PDL)
Binary Format Description language - extension of XSIL
Hardware description language - for circuits
VHSIC hardware description language - for Field-programmable gate arrays, and logic circuits
Job Submission Description Language
Architecture description language
Specification and Description Language - a specification language
Character Description Language - for CJK fonts
Scene description language
See also
DDL (disambiguation)
Specification and Design Language |
4005413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassina | Kassina | Kassina is a genus of hyperoliid frogs, commonly referred to as running frogs or kassinas. They are found throughout sub-Saharan Africa. They are characterized by preferring a distinctive "walking" with the back legs instead of the more traditional frog-hopping.
Species
The following species are recognized in the genus Kassina:
In captivity
K. maculata is frequently exported from Tanzania for the exotic pet trade. They require more horizontal space than vertical, being a terrestrial species. Their captive environment should include a substrate that accommodates burrowing, and provides high humidity. K. maculata will readily eat crickets and small mealworms, although insects should be dusted with a vitamin supplement.
Other species of running frogs are occasionally imported, with the K. senegalensis being the next most common species in captivity.
Research
It is the source of "kassinin", a frequently studied tachykinin peptide.
References
External links
Amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa
Hyperoliidae
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Charles Frédéric Girard |
4005429 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-tailed%20comet | Red-tailed comet | The red-tailed comet (Sappho sparganurus) is a medium-sized hummingbird belonging to the family Trochilidae. It is the only species placed in the genus Sappho.
Taxonomy
The red-tailed comet was formally described in 1812 by the English naturalist George Shaw under the binomial name Trochilus sparganurus. The type locality is Bolivia. The red-tailed comet is now the only species placed in the genus Sappho that was introduced in 1849 by the German naturalist Ludwig Reichenbach. The genus name refers to Sappho, an ancient Greek poet of Lesbos. The species name sparganus combines the Ancient Greek σπαργανόω/spargaō meaning "to wrap" and ουρά/oura meaning "tail".
Two subspecies are recognised:
S. s. sparganurus (Shaw, 1812) – north, central Bolivia
S. s. sapho (Lesson, R, 1828) – south Bolivia, north, west Argentina and east-central Chile
In at least part of its range it is known in the local Quechua language as Q'ori Kenti ("golden hummingbird"). It is called the picaflor cometa in Spanish.
Description
The red-tailed comet is one of the largest hummingbirds, and males reaching a length of 22 cm, females up to 15 cm. The plumage of males is largely green, with a shining gorget. The head is green, while the back and rump are reddish violet. The male has a deeply forked, spectacular, long, iridescent, golden-reddish tail, longer than the length of the body, while the female has a shorter reddish-bronze tail. The species has a hoarse chattery call.
Distribution and habitat
This species can be found in the central Andes of Bolivia and Argentina, in Chile and in Peru.
Common to frequent in the woodlands and scrub typical of the dry Interandean valles extended up into Polylepis forests, and into the shrubby transition zones to high elevation puna or the moister cloud forests. These hummingbirds live in arid scrub with cacti and Prosopis trees and in deciduous forests with Alnus and Podocarpus. It is frequently found around human habitation in agricultural areas, cities and towns.
Gallery
References
Further reading
del Hoyo, J., Collar, N.J., Christie, D.A., Elliott, A. and Fishpool, L.D.C. 2014. HBW and BirdLife International Illustrated Checklist of the Birds of the World. Lynx Edicions BirdLife International.
Javier González Zapata: Sobre la presencia en Chile de Sappho sparganura sappho (Lesson) (Aves: Trochilidae). In: Boletín Ornitológico. Bd. 9, Nr. 1/2, 1977, S. 10–11
Jon Fjeldså, Niels Krabbe: Birds of the High Andes: A Manual to the Birds of the Temperate Zone of the Andes and Patagonia, South America. Apollo Books, Stenstrup 1990, .
red-tailed comet
Birds of the Bolivian Andes
Birds of the Gran Chaco
Hummingbird species of South America
red-tailed comet |
4005432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proximal%20diabetic%20neuropathy | Proximal diabetic neuropathy | Proximal diabetic neuropathy, also known as diabetic amyotrophy, is a complication of diabetes mellitus that affects the nerves that supply the thighs, hips, buttocks and/or lower legs. Proximal diabetic neuropathy is a type of diabetic neuropathy characterized by muscle wasting, weakness, pain, or changes in sensation/numbness of the leg. It is caused by damage to the nerves of the lumbosacral plexus.
Proximal diabetic neuropathy is most commonly seen people with type 2 diabetics. It is less common than distal polyneuropathy that often occurs in diabetes.
Signs and symptoms
Signs and symptoms of proximal diabetic neuropathy depend on the nerves affected. The first symptom is usually pain in the buttocks, hips, thighs or legs. This pain often starts suddenly and affects one side of the body, although may spread to both sides. This is often followed by variable weakness in the proximal muscles of the lower limbs such as the thigh and buttocks. The damage to nerves supplying specific muscles may cause muscle twitching (fasciculations) in addition to the weakness. It is sometimes associated with weight loss.
Diabetes most commonly causes damage to the long nerves that supply the feet and lower legs, causing numbness, tingling and pain (diabetic polyneuropathy). Although these symptoms may also be present, the pain and weakness of proximal diabetic neuropathy often onset more quickly and affect nerves closer to the torso.
Causes
This condition most commonly affects people with type 2 diabetes, although sometimes presents in those without diabetes (nondiabetic lumbosacral radiculoplexus neuropathy). The population trends suggest that hyperglycemia likely plays a role but may not be the causative factor.
The nerve damage associated with the disease was first thought to be caused by metabolic changes such as endoneurial microvessel disease, in which cells that support the endothelium (pericytes) are damaged due to high blood sugar. Pericytes regulate capillary blood flow and phagocytosis of cellular debris and ischemia of the nerves can occur if pericytes are damaged. A different potential mechanism involves an immune mechanism causing a microvasculitis which could lead to ischemia.
Diagnosis
Patients with diabetes and proximal (hip, thigh) pain and weakness may be suspected of having diabetic amyotrophy. More definitive diagnosis can be made with electrodiagnostic studies including nerve conduction studies (NCS) and electromyography (EMG). Diabetic amyotrophy is often a diagnosis of exclusion in diabetic patients with evidence of lumbosacral plexopathy on NCS and EMG studies for whom no other cause of lumbosacral plexopathy can be determined.
Treatment
Proximal diabetic neuropathy can be prevented through management of diabetes. The incidence of proximal diabetic neuropathy incidence is thought to be correlated to blood glucose control in diabetics, and is likely reversible with improved blood glucose control.
Medications can help reduce the pain involved in proximal diabetic neuropathy. Common types of medication used to treat diabetic amyotrophy target the nerve directly such as gabapentin or pregabalin.
Prognosis
Proximal diabetic neuropathy is often monophasic and will improve after initial onset. However, the pain and weakness usually do not completely resolve and may lead to impairments in mobility and function.
References
External links
Diabetes
Peripheral nervous system disorders |
4005435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Ferry%20Public%20Schools | Little Ferry Public Schools | The Little Ferry Public Schools is a community public school district that serves students in kindergarten through eighth grade from Little Ferry in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprising two schools, had an enrollment of 900 students and 78.6 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 11.5:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "CD", the sixth-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Since Little Ferry does not have its own high school, public school students from the borough attend Ridgefield Park High School in Ridgefield Park for ninth through twelfth grades as part of a sending/receiving relationship with the Ridgefield Park Public Schools that has been in place since 1953. As of the 2018–19 school year, the high school had an enrollment of 1,196 students and 89.0 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 13.4:1.
Awards and recognition
Memorial School was recognized by Governor Jim McGreevey in 2003 as one of 25 schools selected statewide for the First Annual Governor's School of Excellence award.
Schools
The district operates two school facilities, across the street from each other. Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Washington Elementary School with 466 students in grades PreK-4
Tonilyn Peragallo, Principal
Memorial Middle School with 401 students in grades 5-8
Robert Porfido, Principal
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Frank R. Scarafile, Superintendent of Schools
Tina Trueba, Board Secretary / Business Administrator
Board of education
The district's board of education, with nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election.
References
External links
Little Ferry Public Schools
School Data for the Little Ferry Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Ridgefield Park High School
Little Ferry, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group CD
School districts in Bergen County, New Jersey |
4005473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20monitors%20of%20the%20United%20States%20Navy | List of monitors of the United States Navy | This is a list of all monitors of the United States Navy. While the most famous name is represented in this list, many monitors held multiple names during their service life. View the complete list of names.
The whole category of monitors took its name from the first of these, , designed in 1861 by John Ericsson. They were low-freeboard, steam-powered ironclad vessels, with one or two rotating armored turrets, rather than the traditional broadside of guns. The low freeboard meant that these ships were unsuitable for ocean-going duties and were always at risk of swamping and possible loss, but it reduced the amount of armor required for protection.
They were succeeded by more seaworthy armored cruisers and battleships.
River monitors
Neosho-class monitors
Marietta-class monitors
Harbor monitors
Casco-class monitors
[[File:Uss Shawnee 1865.jpg|thumb|right|Casco-class monitors Shawnee and Wassuc.]]
Coastal monitors
Monitor-class monitor
Passaic-class monitors
Canonicus-class monitors
Milwaukee-class monitors
Seagoing monitors
Miantonomoh-class monitors
Kalamazoo-class monitors
"New Navy" monitors
The first five of these were ostensibly rebuilds of Civil War era monitors (in much the same way that the 1854 sloop-of-war Constellation was ostensibly a refit of the 1797 sail frigate Constellation). In fact, they were entirely new ships, much larger and more capable than the previous ones. Dates listed are the first commissioning dates.
Puritan-class monitors
(BM-1) Puritan (1896) Spanish-American War
Amphitrite-class monitors
(BM-2) Amphitrite (1895) Spanish-American War, WW1
(BM-3) Monadnock (1896) Spanish-American War, Boxer Rebellion, WW1
(BM-4) Terror (1896) Spanish-American War
(BM-5) Miantonomoh (1882) Spanish-American War
Monterey-class monitors
(BM-6) Monterey (1893) Spanish-American War
Arkansas-class monitors
(M-7/BM-7) Arkansas (1902) later Ozark, WW1
(M-8/BM-8) Nevada (1903) ex-Connecticut, later Tonopah, WW1
(M-9/BM-9) Florida (1903) later Tallahassee, WW1, later IX-16
(M-10/BM-10) Wyoming (1902) Panama independence, later Cheyenne, WW1, later IX-4
USN "Brown Water Navy" (Vietnam War) Monitors
The US Navy created their first Mobile Riverine Force (MRF) for the first time since the American Civil War, during the Vietnam War. World War II all steel -long Landing Craft Mechanized (LCM-6s) were used as the basic hull to convert into 24 Monitors from 1966-1970. This was a separate US Navy Mobile Riverine Force from the Swift Boats (PCFs) and PBRs already operating in country. The twenty-four river Monitors were divided into two groups: Program 4 & 5. Ten Program 4 Monitors arrived first in Vietnam, and were armed with one 40mm cannon mounted inside a revolving Mk 52 turret; while the 8 later arriving Program 5 versions (designated Monitor "H") mounted one M49 105mm Howitzer inside a revolving T172 turret. Due to a shortage of M49 howitzers, the USN converted the remaining six Program 5 Monitors (designated Monitor "F") to Flamethrower Monitors, and equipped them with an M10-8 flamethrower mounted inside an M8 cupola turret. The early Program 4 Monitors had hull numbers reflecting their River Assault Division'' (RAD) as well as their hull number. Later, simply the hull numbers were used, such as M-1 (Monitor 1), A-1 (Alpha Boat 1), C-1 (Command/Communications/Control 1), etc.
River Assault Flotilla One Program 4 Monitors (40mm cannon)
RAD 91
M-91-1
M-91-2
M-91-3
Command Monitor (CCB-Command Communications Boat) C-91-1
RAD 92
M-92-1
M-92-2
C-92-1
RAD 111
M-111-1
M-111-2
M-111-3
C-111-1
RAD 112
M-112-1
M-112-2
C-112-1
River Assault Flotilla One Program 5 Monitors (105mm Howitzer) & (Flamethrower)
M-1, M-2, M-3, M-4, M-5, M-6, M-7, and M-8
Z-1 to Z-6.
Similar vessels of interest
, an experimental ironclad steamer with composite armor and two armored three-gun towers, fought in one battle.
, an innovative semi-submersible spar torpedo boat, effectively employed in the Civil War.
, an ironclad harbor defense ram.
Brown Water Navy monitors, small turreted gunboats that were part of the US military's brown water fleet during the Vietnam War.
References
External links
navsource.org: Battleship Photo Index
Monitors
American Civil War monitors
Monitors list |
4005483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Barrett%20%28filmmaker%29 | Chris Barrett (filmmaker) | Chris Barrett (born July 24, 1982 in Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania) is an American Internet entrepreneur, film director, spokesperson, and author who is featured in the 2004 Sundance award winning documentary The Corporation and its 2020 sequel The New Corporation: The Unfortunately Necessary Sequel.
Early life and background
Barrett grew up in Bryn Mawr, PA and graduated from Haddonfield Memorial High School in 2001. Barrett attended Pepperdine University.
Career
First Corporately Sponsored College Student
Barrett launched his entrepreneurial career in high school, during a national search for a corporation to sponsor his college education. In exchange for college tuition, Barrett was willing to be a company's “spokesguy” and wear clothes with the sponsors' logo on them. The inspiration for the came after Chris saw a TV commercial featuring professional golfer and Nike spokesperson Tiger Woods wearing Nike logo on his hat.
Barrett was named an up-and-comer to watch in 2001 by the New York Post, during his search to become the first corporately sponsored college student.
Barrett became the first corporately sponsored college student, when he was named a financial responsibility spokesperson for the credit card company First USA, which was owned by BankOne. The corporate sponsorship announcement happened on NBC’s The Today Show in June 2001.
Powerhouse Pictures
In 2006, Barrett co-founded Powerhouse Pictures with actor Efren Ramirez. Where he directed the documentary After School, about teacher student sex scandals, which was announced on CNN’s Larry King Live.
Political career
Grassroots For Sanders
In 2015, Barrett co-founded #BernItForward, a web app where you would donate $3 on behalf of 3 friends to the 2016 Bernie Sanders Presidential campaign. He then joined Grassroots for Sanders as an assistant fundraising manager, the organization behind the subreddit r/SandersForPresident, where he helped raise $10 million dollars directly to the 2016 Sanders campaign.
Elected to Office
Inspired by Bernie Sanders progressive politics, in 2017 Barrett joined the Collingswood, New Jersey democratic ticket and was elected to the Camden County Democratic Committee. While elected to office, Barrett worked with the Democratic party to make the voice of younger, more progressive, voters heard within the New Jersey Democratic party. Barrett is an advocate for legalizing marijuana and social justice reform, eliminating student loan debt, and gun control.
The Corporation
Barrett was featured in Sundance Film Festival award winning documentary film The Corporation is a 2003 Canadian documentary film written by University of British Columbia law professor Joel Bakan, and directed by Mark Achbar and Jennifer Abbott. The documentary examines the modern-day corporation. Barrett was interviewed to discuss being the first corporately sponsored college student.
Barrett was also featured in the 2020 sequel, The New Corporation: The Unfortunately Necessary Sequel, a Canadian documentary film, directed by Joel Bakan and Jennifer Abbott that premiered at the 2020 Toronto International Film Festival. The film profiles new developments in the political and social power of corporations since the release of the original. After 17 years, Chris Barrett returned in the sequel to share his transformation from being the first corporately sponsored college student to pay for his college education to now being a Bernie Sanders inspired progressive grassroots politician. The film also showcases Barrett's run for political office in New Jersey and becoming an elected official.
Direct Your Own Life
Barrett is co-author of the non-fiction business book Direct Your Own Life: How to be a Star in Any Field Your Choose, published by Kaplan Publishing ().
Barrett and Napoleon Dynamite actor Efren Ramirez co-authored the book aimed at encouraging readers to achieve their life goals.
References
External links
Direct Your Own Life
Chris Barrett on Twitter
American film producers
American film directors
Living people
1982 births |
4005485 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fantastic%20%28disambiguation%29 | Fantastic (disambiguation) | Fantastic is a genre of writing.
Fantastic or Fantastik may also refer to:
Music
Fantastic (Toy-Box album)
Fantastic (Wham! album)
Fan-Tas-Tic (Vol. 1), an album by Slum Village
Fantastic, Vol. 2, an album by Slum Village
Fantastic (EP), an EP by Henry Lau
"Fantastic" (song), a song by Ami Suzuki
"Fantastic!", a 1995 song by The Dismemberment Plan from !
"Fantastic", a 2017 song by Flume featuring Dave Bayley from Skin Companion EP 2
Publications
Fantastic (magazine), a fantasy-fiction magazine published from 1952 to 1980; title revived in the 1990s
Fantastic (comics), a weekly British comic published by Odhams Press under the Power Comics imprint
Other uses
Fantastic art, a non-realistic genre
Fantastic (TV channel), a defunct Polish television channel
Fantastic (TV series), a South Korean TV series
See also
Fantastik, a brand of cleaning products
Fantastique, a French genre associated with science fiction, horror and fantasy
Light Fantastic (disambiguation)
Mir Fantastiki, a Russian sci-fi and fantasy magazine
Mister Fantastic, a member of the Fantastic Four in Marvel Comics
The Fantasticks, an Off-Broadway musical play |
4005495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Haven | Gilbert Haven | Gilbert Haven (September 19, 1821 – January 3, 1880) was a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1872. He was consecrated a bishop on May 24, 1872 at the Brooklyn Academy of Music in New York. He was an early benefactor of Clark College (now Clark Atlanta University), visualizing it as a university of all the Methodist schools founded for the education of freedmen (former African American slaves). He succeeded Bishop Davis Wasgatt Clark (for whom Clark College was named) as the President of the Freedman's Aid Society of the Methodist Episcopal Church.
Rest Haven is a historically black section for burials in Atlanta's Westview Cemetery named after Haven.
Biography
Gilbert Haven was born in Malden, Massachusetts on September 19, 1821. He married Mary Ingraham in 1851; she died ten years later. They had two children, one of whom, William, served for 29 years as the general secretary of the American Bible Society.
In 1846 he graduated with honors from Wesleyan University and then taught Greek and Latin He traveled widely, visiting the Holy Land, Africa, Mexico and Europe, and was an early proponent of equality of the sexes. He became a member of the New England Annual Conference in 1851, and served as bishop in Atlanta to a conference composed entirely of African Americans. When in Liberia in 1877, he contacted malaria, from which he never fully recovered. He died in Malden on the evening of January 3, 1880.
He believed in the absolute equality of all persons, and if they are equal in the eyes of God, he held that civil society would have to recognize their equality under law and in practice. He was absolutely opposed to the practice of any type of racial separation in churches. Due to his radical egalitarian views, shocking at the time, no Northern conference would have him as a bishop—hence, his appointment to an all black mission conference.
Among the books he wrote were The Pilgrim's Wallet (1864) on travel; National Sermons (1869), Sermons, Speeches and Letters on Slavery and its War, and Life of Father Taylor.
After the Civil War he was editor of Zion's Herald, a weekly newspaper for New England's Methodists.
After his death Benjamin Tanner, editor of The Christian Recorder, wrote: "he was one of the few that made public opinion rather than followed it; and happily...he made it on the side of the poor..and the ostracized."
Bishop Haven is included in the Calendar of Saints prepared by the Order of Saint Luke and recommended for The United Methodist Church.
See also
Clark Atlanta University
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
References
External links
Haven Home Industrial Training School historical marker
Stuart A. Rose Manuscript, Archives, and Rare Book Library, Emory University: Gilbert Haven papers, 1873-1875
Wesleyan University alumni
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
American Methodist bishops
American abolitionists
1821 births
1880 deaths
People from Malden, Massachusetts
People from Oak Bluffs, Massachusetts
Methodist abolitionists
19th-century American clergy |
4005503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White-throated%20swift | White-throated swift | The white-throated swift (Aeronautes saxatalis) is a swift of the family Apodidae native to western North America, south to cordilleran western Honduras. Its coastal range extends as far north as Northern California, while inland it has migratory populations found throughout the Great Basin and Rocky Mountain regions, ranging as far north as southern British Columbia. White-throated swifts are found in open areas near cliffs, rock faces, or man-made structures, where they roost. Swifts are social birds, and groups are often seen roosting and foraging for flying insects together.
Description
The white-throated swift is medium-sized bird that is primarily black and white. Its back and wings are blackish-brown or black, and its breast, belly, chin, and throat are white. In newly molted adults, the dark feathers may have a slight greenish sheen, though this is rarely observable in the field. Sexes cannot be distinguished by plumage. Juvenile (first basic) plumage is similar to adult (definitive basic) plumage, but with the feathers on juveniles' heads and necks appearing duller and paler.
Adults are generally 15–18 centimeters in length, and have a tail with a relatively shallow 10 millimeter-deep notch. Adult swifts weigh between 28 and 36 grams, with a mean weight recorded as 32.5 grams, and there is no difference in size between males and females. The white-throated swift has a wingspan of 35.5 cm. White-throated swifts can appear similar to American black swifts and Vaux's swifts, which also occur in western North America, but they can be distinguished by their white underparts which both other species lack.
Taxonomy
The order in which white-throated swifts are placed is debated, with some taxonomies placing them in Caprimulgiformes, but others putting them in Apodiformes. The difficulty in taxonomic placement is largely due to the morphological similarities between swifts which make determining the history of evolutionary divergence difficult. At lower taxonomic levels, White-throated swifts belong to the family Apodidae and the genus Aeronautes.Aeronautes includes only two other species, the Andean swift (Aeronautes andecolus) and the white-tipped swift (Aeronautes montivagus). There are two subspecies: A. s. saxatalis, and A. s. nigrior. The A. s. saxatalis subspecies comprises birds that winter in North America south to the Isthmus of Tehantepec in Oaxaca, Mexico, while birds of the A. s. nigrior subspecies are found wintering below Oaxaca south to Honduras. Birds of A. s. saxatalis tend to have a more prominent superciliary streak, darker upper parts, and a broader white abdominal streak than those of A. s. nigrior.
Habitat and distribution
Distribution
White-throated swifts are year-round residents of coastal and southern California, southern Arizona, southern New Mexico, western Texas, central Mexico, and the Sierra Madre Occidental and Oriental mountains. Migratory breeding populations can be found from Arizona and New Mexico north to southern British Columbia, and from central California east to eastern Colorado and Wyoming. In the southern part of its migratory range, birds arrive in mid-March and depart in mid-October, while in the northern portion, they do not arrive until mid-April to early-May, and depart in late-August to mid-September. There are two main areas in which non-breeding wintering populations can be found: the first includes southwestern California, eastern Arizona, the Texas Panhandle, while the second is in El Salvador, Guatemala, Honduras, and the Mexican state of Chiapas.
Habitat
Swifts roost in cliffs, bluffs, and canyons, as well as man-made structures like bridges, overpasses, and walls of quarries. In natural settings, swifts form colonies of as many as 400–500 birds in protected cliff crevices that are generally 6–50 meters above the ground. White-throated swifts will sometimes roost and nest in amongst colonies of other swallows species, including cliff, violet-green, and northern rough-winged swallows. While foraging, White-throated swifts are found flying over meadows, agricultural fields, and open areas along the edges of ridges and hills.
Behavior
White-throated swifts are rapid fliers who rarely land except to roost. Swifts usually fly 10–100 meters above the ground, and can be observed taking advantage of wind currents and updrafts to gain speed. White-throated swifts usually leave their roosts in the morning, and will remain flying and foraging all day until late afternoon or evening. While in flight, swifts can sometimes be observed bathing by hitting the surface of the water with their underside, which is followed by airborne preening. Occasionally, they will fight with one another while in flight, and may chase or strike other white-throated swifts or violet-green swallows (Tachycineta thalassina).
Diet and predators
Swifts are aerial insectivores who frequently forage in areas of rising air along the edges of canyons, foothills, or mountains to capture insects. White-throated swifts have also been observed foraging over agricultural lands, and are known to follow harvesting machinery to capture insects disturbed by the equipment. Stomach content analysis has found that beetles, flies, bees, and true bugs (Hemiptera) constitute a majority of the white-throated swift's diet. Adult swifts nourish their nestlings by carrying a bolus of arthropods in their buccal cavity, and feeding it to the young. Swifts derive most of their water from their diet, but can also be skimming the surface of ponds to drink.
Known predators of White-throated swifts include peregrine falcons, prairie falcons, and American kestrels. When predators are detected, swifts are known to quickly lower their altitude and fly just above the vegetation. There is no data available on levels of nest predation.
Vocalizations
White-throated swifts make vocalizations while in the air that are described as "staccato chattering", and may also make a sharp one- or two-note call or a shrill drawn-out "scree" call. In the morning and evening, "twittering" sounds may be made at their roost sites. Additionally, juveniles may make begging sounds that are higher-pitched versions of the adult's shrill scree call.
Reproduction
During the courtship season, white-throated swifts may perform gliding displays and plummeting courtship falls prior to forming monogamous pairs. Once a pair is established, nests made of plant material and feathers held together with saliva are built on rocky cliffs faces or human-made structures. These nests are usually 8–10 centimeters across, and 2.5–2.8 centimeters deep, and may be used for several years in a row. An average of 4–5 white matte eggs are laid over the course of 4–6 days, with incubation generally beginning only after the last egg is laid. In southern parts of their range, egg-laying occurs in April, but in more northerly areas, clutches are usually laid throughout May, with a median first-egg date of May 13. The incubation period lasts on average 24 days, with swifts weighing approximately 2 grams upon hatching. Both parents feed the nestlings, and by the time of fledging, swifts may weigh up to 46 grams. There are no documented cases of swifts attempting a second brood if the first nest fails.
Conservation status
Across North America, white-throated swift populations have declined by 2.8% from 1966–1998, which is considered to be a significant decline. Such declines could be related to loss of roosting and nesting sites from quarrying, mining, and the demolition of older buildings, as well as reduction in food supply due to pesticide use. However, in certain areas swift populations appear to have increasing trends, and most populations appear stable. The patchy distribution of this species makes interpreting these data difficult, but the apparent overall decline is of concern given the concurrent declines of other aerial insectivores.
References
External links
White-throated Swift– Cornell Lab of Ornithology
IUCN White-throated Swift– IUCN Red List
White-throated Swift– Audubon Guide to North American Birds
The White-throated Swift in British Columbia– British Columbia Breeding Bird Atlas
White-throated Swift Status– Government of Canada Status of Birds in Canada
White-throated swift – Aeronautes saxatalis – USGS Patuxent Bird Identification InfoCenter
White-throated swift Species Account – Cornell Lab of Ornithology
White-throated swift at Bird of North America Online
white-throated swift
Native birds of Western Canada
Native birds of the Western United States
Birds of the Great Basin
Birds of Mexico
Birds of the Sierra Madre Occidental
Birds of the Sierra Madre Oriental
Birds of the Sierra Madre del Sur
Birds of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt
Birds of Guatemala
Birds of El Salvador
Birds of Honduras
white-throated swift
white-throated swift |
4005528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20Vulnerabilities%20and%20Exposures | Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures | The Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) system provides a reference-method for publicly known information-security vulnerabilities and exposures. The United States' National Cybersecurity FFRDC, operated by The Mitre Corporation, maintains the system, with funding from the US National Cyber Security Division of the US Department of Homeland Security. The system was officially launched for the public in September 1999.
The Security Content Automation Protocol uses CVE, and CVE IDs are listed on Mitre's system as well as in the US National Vulnerability Database.
Background
A vulnerability is a weakness in a piece of computer software which can be used to access things one should not be able to gain access to. For example, software which processes credit cards should not allow people to read the credit card numbers it processes, but hackers might use a vulnerability to steal credit card numbers. Talking about one specific vulnerability is hard because there are many pieces of software, sometimes with many vulnerabilities. CVE Identifiers give each vulnerability one different name, so people can talk about specific vulnerabilities by using their names.
CVE identifiers
MITRE Corporation's documentation defines CVE Identifiers (also called "CVE names", "CVE numbers", "CVE-IDs", and "CVEs") as unique, common identifiers for publicly known information-security vulnerabilities in publicly released software packages. Historically, CVE identifiers had a status of "candidate" ("CAN-") and could then be promoted to entries ("CVE-"), however this practice was ended in 2005 and all identifiers are now assigned as CVEs. The assignment of a CVE number is not a guarantee that it will become an official CVE entry (e.g. a CVE may be improperly assigned to an issue which is not a security vulnerability, or which duplicates an existing entry).
CVEs are assigned by a CVE Numbering Authority (CNA). While some vendors acted as a CNA before, the name and designation was not created until February 1, 2005. there are three primary types of CVE number assignments:
The Mitre Corporation functions as Editor and Primary CNA
Various CNAs assign CVE numbers for their own products (e.g. Microsoft, Oracle, HP, Red Hat, etc.)
A third-party coordinator such as CERT Coordination Center may assign CVE numbers for products not covered by other CNAs
When investigating a vulnerability or potential vulnerability it helps to acquire a CVE number early on. CVE numbers may not appear in the MITRE or NVD CVE databases for some time (days, weeks, months or potentially years) due to issues that are embargoed (the CVE number has been assigned but the issue has not been made public), or in cases where the entry is not researched and written up by MITRE due to resource issues. The benefit of early CVE candidacy is that all future correspondence can refer to the CVE number. Information on getting CVE identifiers for issues with open source projects is available from Red Hat and GitHub
CVEs are for software that has been publicly released; this can include betas and other pre-release versions if they are widely used. Commercial software is included in the "publicly released" category, however custom-built software that is not distributed would generally not be given a CVE. Additionally services (e.g. a Web-based email provider) are not assigned CVEs for vulnerabilities found in the service (e.g. an XSS vulnerability) unless the issue exists in an underlying software product that is publicly distributed.
CVE data fields
The CVE database contains several fields:
Description
This is a standardized text description of the issue(s). One common entry is:
** RESERVED ** This candidate has been reserved by an organization or individual that will use it when announcing a new security problem. When the candidate has been publicized, the details for this candidate will be provided.
This means that the entry number has been reserved by Mitre for an issue or a CNA has reserved the number. So in the case where a CNA requests a block of CVE numbers in advance (e.g. Red Hat currently requests CVEs in blocks of 500), the CVE number will be marked as reserved even though the CVE itself may not be assigned by the CNA for some time. Until the CVE is assigned, Mitre is made aware of it (i.e., the embargo passes and the issue is made public), and Mitre has researched the issue and written a description of it, entries will show up as "** RESERVED **".
References
This is a list of URLs and other information
Record Creation Date
This is the date the entry was created. For CVEs assigned directly by Mitre, this is the date Mitre created the CVE entry. For CVEs assigned by CNAs (e.g. Microsoft, Oracle, HP, Red Hat, etc.) this is also the date that was created by Mitre, not by the CNA. The case where a CNA requests a block of CVE numbers in advance (e.g. Red Hat currently requests CVEs in blocks of 500) the entry date that CVE is assigned to the CNA.
Obsolete fields
The following fields were previously used in older CVE records, but are no longer used.
Phase: The phase the CVE is in (e.g. CAN, CVE).
Votes: Previously board members would vote yay or nay on whether or not the CAN should be accepted and turned into a CVE.
Comments: Comments on the issue.
Proposed: When the issue was first proposed.
Changes to syntax
In order to support CVE ID's beyond CVE-YEAR-9999 (aka the CVE10k problem) a change was made to the CVE syntax in 2014 and took effect on Jan 13, 2015.
The new CVE-ID syntax is variable length and includes:
CVE prefix + Year + Arbitrary Digits
NOTE: The variable length arbitrary digits will begin at four fixed digits and expand with arbitrary digits only when needed in a calendar year, for example, CVE-YYYY-NNNN and if needed CVE-YYYY-NNNNN, CVE-YYYY-NNNNNN, and so on. This also means there will be no changes needed to previously assigned CVE-IDs, which all include a minimum of four digits.
CVE SPLIT and MERGE
CVE attempts to assign one CVE per security issue, however in many cases this would lead to an extremely large number of CVEs (e.g. where several dozen cross-site scripting vulnerabilities are found in a PHP application due to lack of use of htmlspecialchars() or the insecure creation of files in /tmp).
To deal with this, there are guidelines (subject to change) that cover the splitting and merging of issues into distinct CVE numbers. As a general guideline one should first consider issues to be merged, then issues should be split by the type of vulnerability (e.g. buffer overflow vs. stack overflow), then by the software version affected (e.g. if one issue affects version 1.3.4 through 2.5.4 and the other affects 1.3.4 through 2.5.8 they would be SPLIT) and then by the reporter of the issue (e.g. Alice reports one issue and Bob reports another issue the issues would be SPLIT into separate CVE numbers).
Another example is Alice reports a /tmp file creation vulnerability in version 1.2.3 and earlier of ExampleSoft web browser, in addition to this issue several other /tmp file creation issues are found, in some cases this may be considered as two reporters (and thus SPLIT into two separate CVEs, or if Alice works for ExampleSoft and an ExampleSoft internal team finds the rest it may be MERGE'ed into a single CVE). Conversely, issues can be merged, e.g. if Bob finds 145 XSS vulnerabilities in ExamplePlugin for ExampleFrameWork regardless of the versions affected and so on they may be merged into a single CVE.
Search CVE identifiers
The Mitre CVE database can be searched at the CVE List Search, and the NVD CVE database can be searched at Search CVE and CCE Vulnerability Database.
CVE usage
CVE identifiers are intended for use with respect to identifying vulnerabilities:
Common Vulnerabilities and Exposures (CVE) is a dictionary of common names (i.e., CVE Identifiers) for publicly known information security vulnerabilities. CVE’s common identifiers make it easier to share data across separate network security databases and tools, and provide a baseline for evaluating the coverage of an organization’s security tools. If a report from one of your security tools incorporates CVE Identifiers, you may then quickly and accurately access fix information in one or more separate CVE-compatible databases to remediate the problem.
Users who have been assigned a CVE identifier for a vulnerability are encouraged to ensure that they place the identifier in any related security reports, web pages, emails, and so on.
CVE assignment issues
Per section 7.1 of the CNA Rules, a vendor which received a report about a security vulnerability has full discretion in regards to it. This can lead to a conflict of interest as a vendor may attempt to leave flaws unpatched by denying a CVE assignment at first place – a decision which Mitre can't reverse.
See also
Common Vulnerability Scoring System (CVSS)
Common Weakness Enumeration (CWE)
Computer security
References
External links
National Vulnerability Database (NVD)
Common Configuration Enumeration (CCE) at NVD
vFeed the Correlated and Aggregated Vulnerability Database - SQLite Database and Python API
Cyberwatch Vulnerabilities Database, third party
What Enterprises need to know about IT Security Audit Services?
Computer security exploits
Mitre Corporation
Security vulnerability databases |
4005536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eton%20College%20Chapel | Eton College Chapel | Eton College Chapel is the main chapel of Eton College, a public school in England.
The chapel was planned to be a little over double its actual length, but this plan was never completed owing to the downfall of the founder Henry VI. A plaque on a building opposite the west end marks the point to which it should have reached. The Chapel is built in the late Gothic or Perpendicular style.
The fan vaulting was installed in the 1950s after the wooden roof became infested with deathwatch beetles. It was completed in three years and is made of concrete, faced with stone, and supported by steel trusses with hand-carved Clipsham stone for the stone ribs supporting each bay.
Services
Eton College Chapel is in frequent use, with at least one service a day during termtime, and many additional services which are in popular demand, ranging from Taizé to Roman Catholic Communion, to Compline. Almost every morning there is a compulsory service, attended by different 'Blocks' (school years) depending on the day, something which has been both criticised and defended by boys in The Chronicle (the school magazine). These last no more than twenty minutes.
Founder
Henry VI attached the greatest importance to the religious aspects of his new foundation and he planned that the services would be conducted on a magnificent scale by providing an establishment of 10 fellow priests, 10 chaplains, 10 clerks and 16 choristers. There were to be 14 services a day plus prayers that were said. There would also be masses offered for the Founder's parents and after his death for the Founder instead. This last custom reflected the belief in the Middle Ages that prayers said for a dead person's soul hastened the progress of that soul from Purgatory to Paradise.
This was befitting for a church that was to become a great place of pilgrimage in Europe: for about a decade pilgrims attracted by the relics and the available Indulgences flocked to Eton on the Feast of the Assumption in August, when there was a fair lasting six days on the fields.
For around forty years before the chapel was completed, services were held in the parish church, which was dedicated to the Assumption of the Virgin. In the 1460s the annual influx of pilgrims died out, and the large establishment of clergy was permanently reduced in size.
The chapel services remain a key part of the life of the college: boys attend Chapel once on Sundays in addition to compulsory services three or four days a week, and the numerous optional services that take place out of school hours.
A second chapel, Lower Chapel, was built in 1890 to accommodate the growing number of boys at the school.
The choir
The chapel choir is made up of boys from the school, and is directed by the Precentor and Director of Music, Tim Johnson. Up to 75% of the choir are former members of various cathedral and collegiate choirs, and many have been admitted under the school's Music Scholarship scheme. Many continue their singing careers as choral scholars at Oxford or Cambridge. Formerly there was a "professional" choir whose trebles attended the Choir School.
The choir sings at three or four compulsory services a week: recent cuts in the services mean that the choir only sings on Fridays, Saturdays and Sundays. There are a number of other services that are optional.
Acoustics and lighting
The chapel is unique amongst its comparably-sized peers in that it eschews sound boards (a common feature of English churches and chapels in which medium-to-large-scale services and concerts are heard) in favour of what the former Precentor, Ralph Allwood, calls a more "organic" sound produced without the use of equipment (apart from microphones in the pulpit and lectern).
The audio reinforcement system in the chapel, installed by DRV Integration, was the winner of the AV Magazine audio project of the year award in 2003.
Wall paintings
The wall paintings in the chapel are considered to be the most remarkable work of art in the College. They are the work of at least four master painters, including William Baker, who took eight years to complete them (1479–87). In the Flemish style, they adorn the sides of the chapel. On the north side the paintings depict the Virgin Mary (to whom the chapel is dedicated), while those on the South side tell a popular medieval story about a mythical empress. These paintings were whitewashed over in 1560 as a result of an order from the new Protestant church authorities which banned depictions of mythical miracles. They were left obscured and forgotten for the best part of 300 years until they were rediscovered in 1847, and it was not until 1923 that they were cleaned, restored and revealed by the removal of the stall canopies.
Chapel windows
In World War II, all of the chapel glass, except a window above the organ, was shattered by a bomb that fell on the nearby Upper School. The replacement East Window is the work of Evie Hone. The designs for the windows on either side are by John Piper and were executed in glass by Patrick Reyntiens. The subjects are divided into four miracles on the north side and four parables on the south side. The miracles are: the Miraculous Draft of Fishes, the Feeding of the Five Thousand, the Stilling of the Waters, and the Raising of Lazarus. The parables are: the Light under a Bushel, the House built on the Rock, the Lost Sheep, and the Sower.
Burials
Henry Wotton
List of Conducts
The Conduct (meaning "hired priest") is the senior chaplain of Eton College and has specific responsibility for the College Chapel. They preside over its daily services and any occasional offices (weddings, baptisms, etc).
The Revd Henry Harper (1831 to 1856); later Bishop of Christchurch and Primate of New Zealand
The Revd Ralph Sadleir (1964 to 1970)
The Revd David Jones (1970 to 1974)
The Revd Roger Royle (1974 to 1979)
The Revd James Bentley TD (1979 to 1982)
The Revd Paul Bibby (1982 to 1987)
The Revd John Witheridge (1987 to 1996)
The Revd Charles Mitchell-Innes (1996 to 2007)
The Revd Canon Keith Wilkinson (2008 to 2016)
The Revd Stephen Gray (From 2016)
See also
English Gothic architecture
Late Gothic architecture
Eton College
Eton College Collections
Syon Abbey
King's College Chapel, Cambridge
King's College, Cambridge
Eton Fives
References
External links
Eton College history
Chapels in England
University and college chapels in the United Kingdom
Churches in Berkshire
Grade I listed churches in Berkshire
Eton College |
4005540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%20half-hitches | Two half-hitches | Two half-hitches is a type of knot, specifically a binding knot or hitch knot. One variety consists of an overhand knot tied around a post, followed by a half-hitch. This knot is less often referred to as a clove hitch over itself, double half-hitch, or full-hitch.
The following three-step process for tying the two half-hitches is also explained in the image gallery below. Click on the images for high-resolution versions.
Begin by forming a clockwise loop around the pole, with the working end of the rope on top. Bring the working end through the loop. At this point, you have an overhand knot around the pole.
Bring the working end down and to the left. Loop it under the standing end. Pull the working end through the loop just formed, tighten, and slide the knot along the standing end up to the post.
A correctly tied two half-hitches resembles a clove hitch tied around the standing end of the line, not a cow hitch.
To release the knot, pry apart the two hitches with a bending motion. However, it can often be difficult to untie. To help avoid this problem, tie a slipped variation: in the second half-hitch, pass through a bight, as when tying your shoe, rather than the entire free end.
Ashley Lesson #1781 has quotations on using two half-hitches for safety:
"Two half hitches will never slip"—Admiral Luce.
"Two half hitches saved a Queen's Ship"—Anonymous.
"Three half hitches are more than a King's Yacht wants"—Admiral Smyth.
See also
List of hitch knots
List of knots
References
External links
Roper's Knots
Hitch knots
de:Rundtörn mit zwei halben Schlägen |
4005544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Transformation%20Movement | National Transformation Movement | The National Transformation Movement (NTM) refers to two political parties in Trinidad and Tobago, one led by businessman Mohammed Faisal Rahman which contested the 1995 General Elections and is currently moribund, another, led by retired Industrial Court judge Lloyd Elcock .
The original NTM contested two seats in the 1995 general elections using the Banyan tree as its symbol. The party was unsuccessful and has been inactive since then.
The new NTM was launched by retired Industrial Court Judge Lloyd Elcock on 1 February 2006. At the party's launch Elcock listed a four-point plan designed the reduce the nation's rapidly growing crime rate. Its symbol is the simply letters 'NTM'
Soon after the new NTM's launch Mr Rahman claimed that he had "copyrighted" the name National Transformation Movement and so the new party could not claim that name. The Elections and Boundaries Commission (EBC) responded that they only registered party symbols, and as the two parties have very different symbols there would be no confusion on a ballot slip. (Party symbols, not names, appear on ballots next to the candidates. Some parties have gotten around this by placing their names or initials in their party symbol.) Mr Elcock also responded that he would purchase the rights to the name, if Mr Rahman was willing to sell.
External links
New political party makes crime its No. 1 priority – Richard Lord, Trinidad Express
Political parties in Trinidad and Tobago |
4005551 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Educational%20consultant | Educational consultant | An Educational Consultant (EC) is a consultant who helps parents/students and organizations with educational planning. An EC offers similar services to school counselors, but is normally self-employed or employed by consulting firms, while school counselors are employed by schools.
Organizational affiliations
The two main professional organizations for educational consultants in the United States are the Higher Education Consultants Association and the Independent Educational Consultants Association. The Higher Education Consultants Association is a professional association focused exclusively on the practice of college admissions consulting, while members of the Independent Educational Consultants Association also assist students with consulting specialties that include college admission, day and boarding school, at-risk students, and learning disabilities. Members of both associations work with both American students and students from other countries who are interested in coming to the United States to study.
Educational consultants are also based in the United Kingdom, Canada, Europe, Asia, and South America. The primary association in the UK is the Society of Education Consultants (SEC). Other UK professional associations or bodies to which educational consultants typically seek membership or affiliation include the Department for Children, Schools and Families, Ofsted (The Office for Standards in Education, Children's Services and Skills), Learning and Skills Council, Council for the Curriculum, Examinations and Assessment, Special Educational Needs and Disability Tribunal and the Gilfus Education Group
Ethics
IECA's "Ethical Guidelines for the Profession of Educational Consulting" states that it "has developed a strict set of ethical guidelines that govern the actions of consultants in their relationships with students and families, schools and colleges, and with colleagues. These include a responsibility to understand each student's special strengths, values and needs, while striving to include all family members in the educational planning process. An IECA member does not accept any compensation from educational institutions for placement of a child. All IECA members subscribe to these Principles of Good Practice and all IECA members are required to annually sign and follow the principles as part of their Association membership in good standing."
References
External links
Independent Educational Consultants
Becoming an Independent Educational Consultant
What Education Consultants Do
Consulting occupations
University and college admissions
Counseling |
4005555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Institute%20for%20Discovery%20Science | National Institute for Discovery Science | The National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDSci) was a privately financed research organization based in Las Vegas, Nevada, USA, and operated from 1995 to 2004. It was founded in 1995 by real-estate developer Robert Bigelow, who set it up to research and advance serious study of various fringe science and paranormal topics, most notably ufology. Deputy Administrator Colm Kelleher was quoted as saying the organization was not designed to study UFOs only. "We don't study aliens, we study anomalies. They're the same thing in a lot of people's minds, but not in our minds." NIDSci was disbanded in October 2004.
History
The National Institute for Discovery Science, known also as NIDS, was founded by Robert Bigelow serving as a way to channel funds into the scientific study of paranormal phenomena. The NIDS performed research in the area of cattle mutilation and black triangle reports.
The NIDSci bought Skinwalker Ranch after journalist George Knapp first wrote about it in 1996, and Deputy Administrator Colm Kelleher led the investigation for a number of years.
A hotline was established in 1999 to receive reports of odd occurrences. Over 5,000 calls and e-mails were received by the organization. Officials say many were explained as missile test launches and meteors.
See also
Bigelow Aerospace
Advanced Aerospace Threat Identification Program
Unidentified Aerial Phenomena Task Force
References
External links
Snapshot of NIDSci site at the Internet Archive (archived October 7, 2007)
NIDS - Robert Bigelow — a collection of news articles about the NIDS' early days
The UFO Hunters - Scientists at National Institute for Discovery Science study anomalous phenomena
Where the Steers and the Aliens Play an article by Sean Castel in Fate, August, 1998
The End of the National Institute for Discovery Science (NIDS)
Bigelow’s Aerospace and Saucer Emporium, Skeptical Inquirer 33.4, July/August 2009
UFO organizations
Scientific organizations based in the United States
Pseudoscience
UFO culture in the United States
Organizations based in Nevada |
4005556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibiscus%20grandiflorus | Hibiscus grandiflorus | Hibiscus grandiflorus, the swamp rosemallow, is a species of flowering plant in the okra family, Malvaceae, that is endemic to the Southeastern United States.
References
fragilis
Flora of the Southeastern United States
Plants described in 1803
Flora without expected TNC conservation status |
4005559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Lleyton Hewitt defeated David Nalbandian in the final, 6–1, 6–3, 6–2 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 2002 Wimbledon Championships. It was his second major title, after winning the 2001 US Open. Hewitt became the first Australian to win the title since Pat Cash in 1987.
Goran Ivanišević was the defending champion, but withdrew due to a shoulder surgery and he would not return until 2004. When Hewitt next played at Wimbledon, as defending champion in 2003, he lost in the first round.
The tournament was notable for the poor results of the top players. With the exception of Hewitt and world No. 4 Tim Henman, the top 17 seeds were eliminated before the fourth round. This granted relatively unknown players an unusually high chance of success, especially as Hewitt and Henman were in the same half of the draw and played each other in the semifinals.
In one of the biggest upsets in Wimbledon history, seven-time champion Pete Sampras was eliminated by George Bastl in the second round, in what would be Sampras' last appearance at Wimbledon. The 1992 champion Andre Agassi suffered a second-round defeat to unseeded Paradorn Srichaphan, while future eight-time champion Roger Federer was defeated in the first round by qualifier Mario Ančić, his last defeat at Wimbledon before his record-tying five straight Wimbledon-titles between 2003 and 2007.
This was the last major for 1997 finalist and former world No. 4 Cédric Pioline, losing in the first round to Marat Safin, and the last appearance for 1996 champion Richard Krajicek, reaching the quarterfinals before losing to Xavier Malisse.
Seeds
Lleyton Hewitt (champion)
Marat Safin (second round)
Andre Agassi (second round)
Tim Henman (semifinals)
Yevgeny Kafelnikov (third round)
Pete Sampras (second round)
Roger Federer (first round)
Thomas Johansson (first round)
Juan Carlos Ferrero (second round)
Guillermo Cañas (second round)
Andy Roddick (third round)
Jiří Novák (second round)
Younes El Aynaoui (first round)
Thomas Enqvist (second round)
Andrei Pavel (third round)
Nicolas Escudé (third round)
Rainer Schüttler (third round)
Sjeng Schalken (quarterfinals)
Juan Ignacio Chela (first round)
Tommy Robredo (first round)
Max Mirnyi (first round)
Nicolás Lapentti (quarterfinals)
Greg Rusedski (fourth round)
Gastón Gaudio (second round)
Fabrice Santoro (second round)
Todd Martin (second round)
Xavier Malisse (semifinals)
David Nalbandian (final)
James Blake (second round)
Ivan Ljubičić (second round)
Stefan Koubek (second round)
Jarkko Nieminen (second round)
The original #5 seed Tommy Haas withdrew due to personal reasons before the tournament draw was made. All original seeds from 6-32 moved up one place, and a new #32 seed was added.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
2002 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4005561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Land%20That%20Time%20Forgot%20%28novel%29 | The Land That Time Forgot (novel) | The Land That Time Forgot is a fantasy novel by American writer Edgar Rice Burroughs, the first of his Caspak trilogy. His working title for the story was "The Lost U-Boat." The sequence was first published in Blue Book Magazine as a three-part serial in the issues for August (vol. 27 #4), October (vol. 27 #6), and December (vol. 28 #2) 1918. The complete trilogy was later combined for publication in book form under the title of the first part by A. C. McClurg in June 1924. Beginning with the Ace Books editions of the 1960s, the three segments have usually been issued as separate short novels.
Plot introduction
Starting out as a harrowing wartime sea adventure, Burroughs's story ultimately develops into a lost world story reminiscent of such novels as Sir Arthur Conan Doyle's The Lost World (1912) and Jules Verne's The Mysterious Island (1874) and Journey to the Center of the Earth (1864). Burroughs adds his own twist by postulating a unique biological system for his lost world, in which the slow progress of evolution in the world outside is recapitulated as a matter of individual metamorphosis. This system is only hinted at in The Land That Time Forgot; presented as a mystery whose explication is gradually worked out over the course of the next two novels, it forms a thematic element serving to unite three otherwise rather loosely linked stories.
Plot summary
The novel is set in World War I and opens with a framing story in which a manuscript relating the main story is recovered from a thermos off the coast of Greenland. It purports to be the narrative of Bowen J. Tyler, an American passenger sunk in the English Channel by a German U-boat, , in 1916. He and a woman named Lys La Rue are rescued by a British tugboat. The tug is also sunk, but its crew manages to capture the submarine when it surfaces. Unfortunately, all other British craft continue to regard the sub as an enemy, and they are unable to bring it to port. Sabotage to the navigation equipment sends the U-33 astray into the South Pacific. The imprisoned German crew retakes the sub and begins a raiding cruise, only to be overcome again by the British. A saboteur continues to guide the sub off course, and by the time he is found out it is in Antarctic waters.
The U-33 is now low on fuel, with its provisions poisoned by the saboteur Benson. A large island ringed by cliffs is encountered, and identified as Caprona, a land mass first reported by the fictitious Italian explorer Caproni in 1721 whose location was subsequently lost. A freshwater current guides the sub to a stream issuing from a subterranean passage, which is entered on the hope of replenishing the water supply. The U-boat surfaces into a tropical river teeming with primitive creatures extinct elsewhere; attacked, it submerges again and travels upstream in search of a safe harbor. It enters a thermal inland sea, essentially a huge crater lake, whose heat sustains Caprona's tropical climate. As the sub travels north along the island's waterways the climate moderates and wildlife undergoes an apparent evolutionary progression.
On the shore of the lake the crew builds a palisaded base, dubbed Fort Dinosaur for the area's prehistoric fauna. The British and Germans agree to work together under Tyler, with Bradley, the mate from the tug, as second in command and Von Schoenvorts, the original sub commander, in control of the Germans. The castaways are attacked by a horde of beast men and take prisoner Ahm, a Neanderthal Man. They learn that the native name for the island is Caspak. Oil is discovered, which they hope to refine into fuel for the U-33. As they set up operations, Bradley undertakes various explorations. During his absence Lys disappears and the Germans abscond with the submarine.
Tyler leaves the other survivors to seek and rescue Lys. A series of adventures ensues among various bands of near-human primitives, each representing a different stage of human advancement, as represented by their weaponry. Tyler rescues Lys from a group of Sto-lu ("hatchet men"), and later aids the escape of a woman of the Band-lu (spearmen) to the Kro-lu (bowmen). Lys is lost again, and chance discoveries of the graves of two men associated with Bradley's expedition leaves Tyler in despair of that party's fate. Unable to find his way back to Fort Dinosaur, he retreats to the barrier cliffs ringing Caspak in a vain hope of attracting rescue from some passing ship. Improbably reunited with Lys, he sets up house with her, completes the account of his adventures which he has been writing, and casts it out to sea in his thermos.
Characters
Bowen Tyler - The young hero
Lys La Rue- Bowen's love interest
Crown Prince Nobbler - Bowen's faithful Airedale Terrier, nicknamed "Nobs."
Baron Friedrich von Schoenvorts - The main antagonist, an Imperial German submarine commander.
Lieutenant John Bradley - The strong ally of Bowen.
Olson - The strong loyal Irish member of the British crew
Ahm - The friendly Neanderthal native of Caspak
Benson - The traitorous German agent.
Wilson - British crew member
Whitely - British crew member
Reception
Galaxy reviewer Floyd C. Gale, discussing a 1963 reprint, described the novel as "sheer, headlong adventure that is unusual even for an ERB thriller."
Copyright
The copyright for this story has expired in the United States and, thus, now resides in the public domain there. The text is available via Project Gutenberg, and as an audiobook from LibriVox.
Adaptations
The novel was adapted to film in 1974 under the direction of Kevin Connor by Britain's Amicus Productions. The movie was a sleeper hit and inspired Amicus to make two more Burroughs adaptations, At the Earth's Core (1976), an adaptation of the first book in the Pellucidar series, and The People That Time Forgot (1977), a direct sequel to Land based on the second book of the Caspak series. All three films were distributed in the United States by American International Pictures.
A second film adaptation of the same name, produced by the American studio The Asylum, was released in 2009. It featured people from the present interacting with World War II troops on a mysterious, prehistoric island much like the one Burroughs created. This element appeared to be influenced by the DC Comics series "The War that Time Forgot", which began in the 1960s.
In July 2016, publisher American Mythology Productions released a comic book sequel by writer Mike Wolfer and artist Giancarlo Caracuzzo. It stars Bowen J. Tyler's great-granddaughter, who leads an expedition to find Caspak.
References
External links
ERBzine.com C.H.A.S.E.R ENCYCLOPEDIA Entry for THE LAND THAT TIME FORGOT
Edgar Rice Burroughs Summary Project page for The Land That Time Forgot
1924 American novels
1924 fantasy novels
A. C. McClurg books
American fantasy novels adapted into films
Caspak trilogy
Neanderthals in fiction
Novels about dinosaurs
Novels first published in serial form
Works originally published in Blue Book (magazine) |
4005563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Paris%E2%80%93Tours | 2005 Paris–Tours | These are the results for the 2005 edition of the Paris–Tours cycling classic. Erik Zabel equalised the three-wins record of riders such as Guido Reybrouck.
Final classification
09-10-2005: St. Arnould en Yvelines–Tours, 254 km.
External links
Race website
2005 in French sport
2005 UCI ProTour
2005 |
4005570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20awards%20and%20nominations%20received%20by%20Spice%20Girls | List of awards and nominations received by Spice Girls | The Spice Girls are an English girl group formed in 1994. The group comprises Victoria Beckham ("Posh Spice"), Mel B ("Scary Spice"), Emma Bunton ("Baby Spice"), Melanie C ("Sporty Spice") and Geri Halliwell ("Ginger Spice").
The Spice Girls were signed to Virgin Records and released their debut single "Wannabe" in 1996; it hit number one in 37 countries and commenced their global success. Their debut album Spice was released in 1996 and sold more than 23 million copies worldwide. Their second album, Spiceworld, was released the following year and was also a commercial success, selling over 14 million copies worldwide. The group released their third and final studio album Forever in November 2000, which was also their only album without Halliwell, who left in 1998. After a hiatus of seven years, the group reunited in 2007 for a concert tour and released a greatest hits album.
Over their careers, the Spice Girls have received a number of notable awards including five Brit Awards, three American Music Awards, four Billboard Music Awards, three MTV Europe Music Awards, one MTV Video Music Award and three World Music Awards. The British Academy of Songwriters, Composers and Authors (BASCA) have also recognised the group for their songwriting achievements with two Ivor Novello Awards, while the American Society of Composers, Authors and Publishers (ASCAP) named them Songwriters of the Year at the 1997 ASCAP London Awards. In 2000, they received the Brit Award for Outstanding Contribution to Music, a Lifetime Achievement award whose previous winners include Elton John, the Beatles and Queen.
Awards and nominations
Other accolades
Notes
References
Spice Girls
Awards
Spice Girls |
4005599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trouble%20Every%20Day%20%28soundtrack%29 | Trouble Every Day (soundtrack) | Trouble Every Day is the name of Tindersticks' soundtrack to French director Claire Denis's 2001 film Trouble Every Day.
The album charted in SNEP, French official albums chart, entering the chart at number 133 and staying for one week.
Track listing
"Opening Titles"
"Dream"
"Houses"
"Maid Theme 1"
"Room 321"
"Computer"
"Notre Dame"
"Killing Theme"
"Taxi to Coré"
"Coré on Stairs/Love Theme"
"Maid Theme (End)"
"Closing Titles"
"Killing Theme (Alternative version)"
"Trouble Every Day"
References
Tindersticks albums
2001 soundtrack albums
Beggars Banquet Records soundtracks
Horror film soundtracks |
4005611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capital%20Acquisitions%20and%20Management%20Corporation | Capital Acquisitions and Management Corporation | Capital Acquisitions and Management Corporation (CAMCO) was a United States debt collection agency and subsidiary of Risk Management Financial Services, Inc., that was fined and closed down for repeated violations of the Fair Debt Collection Practices Act (FDCPA). Its closure marked the first time a Federal Trade Commission investigation shut down a collection company.
CAMCO was a debt buyer focused on long overdue accounts - sometimes over a decade old, i.e. well beyond the statute of limitations - that it purchased for less than a penny on the dollar. Its employees would contact debtors by phone to collect funds. Consumers complained that collectors were calling late at night and/or using threatening language. Consumers also complained that they often had never heard of the supposed debt. After receiving numerous complaints from consumers regarding these abusive debt collection practices, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) began an investigation of CAMCO in 2003. On 24 March 2004, the FTC filed a formal complaint alleging multiple violations of the FDCPA. On the same day, a consent decree was entered, in which CAMCO agreed to pay a $300,000 civil penalty and to refrain from further violations of the law.
Notwithstanding the agreement, complaints of violations from consumers continued. Accordingly, on 3 December 2004, the FTC obtained an injunction against CAMCO and its owners and froze their assets. CAMCO headquarters were shut down by local police officers and representatives from the Federal Trade Commission and the company ceased functioning.
The company was put into receivership and was forced to sell the consumer debts it had bought for collection. On January 19, 2005, the debts were sold at a public auction in New York to another debt buyer.
On 30 November 2006, CAMCO and the Federal Trade Commission entered into a stipulated settlement Order whereby CAMCO, its owners and its affiliated companies agreed to pay an additional $1 million penalty and to a permanent ban from engaging in any debt collection activity.
External links and references
March 2004 FTC Complaint
March 2004 Consent Decree
December 2004 injunction and asset freeze Order
ABC news article
FTC Report on 2006 agreement and fine
Footnotes
Defunct financial services companies of the United States |
4005612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Mark%20Collet%2C%201st%20Baronet | Sir Mark Collet, 1st Baronet | Sir Mark Wilks Collet, 1st Baronet (September 1816 – 25 April 1905) was an English merchant and banker. He served as Governor of the Bank of England between 1887 and 1889, and was made a baronet on 12 June 1888 in connection with his services in converting the National Debt (retirement of Consols). He was also a Lieutenant for the City of London.
Banking career
He opened the London branch of a Liverpool bank, Brown, Shipley & Co., (later Brown Brothers & Harriman, one of the most powerful banks in modern American history), in 1864, and died as senior partner of that bank. In 1866, he became a director of the Bank of England, then its Deputy Governor and finally its Governor, remaining a director until his death in 1905.
His grandson, Montagu Norman, would also serve as Bank of England Governor, between 1920 and 1944.
Family
Mark Wilks Collet was one of the three sons of James Collet (27 July 1784 – ?) and his wife Wendelina Elizabeth, daughter of Abraham Van Brienen, whom he married in 1812 at Archangel, Russia. James Collet was a son of Capt. John Corlett or Collet (1751 - 1814), a sea captain, born Douglas, Isle of Man, who settled in Philadelphia, PA, and his wife Ann Wilks (1758–1840)
Collet married firstly Susannah (or Susan) Gertrude Eyre (d. 22 July 1851 Liverpool, aged 29), youngest daughter of the Rev. James Eyre, by whom he had a daughter Lina Susan Penelope Collet. She married on 15 November 1870, Frederick Henry Norman (1839-1916), himself son of a prominent British banker. Her eldest son became the Right Hon. Montagu Collet Norman, later Lord Norman, Privy Councillor, Governor of the Bank of England from 1920 to 1944. Another son was Ronald Collet Norman.
By a second marriage to Antonia Edlmann, he had a son Sir Mark Edlmann Collet (1864–1944).
In 1878 he bought and renovated the country house of St Clere, in Kemsing, Kent.
Notes
References
Further reading
1816 births
1905 deaths
English bankers
Baronets in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom
Governors of the Bank of England
English merchants
Deputy Governors of the Bank of England
19th-century English businesspeople |
4005621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shitdisco | Shitdisco | Shitdisco were a dance-punk band from Glasgow, Scotland. They formed in 2003 while studying at the Glasgow School of Art, consisting of
Joel Stone (bass, guitar, vocals), Joe Reeves (bass, guitar, vocals), Jan Lee (keyboards, backing vocals) and Darren Cullen (drums). The band's first single "Disco Blood"/"I Know Kung Fu" was released in December 2005. Signed to record label Fierce Panda, their debut album Kingdom of Fear was released on 16 April 2007.
The group have been compared to Talking Heads and The Rapture, but admitted influences ranging from Donna Summer, Arthur Russel and The Prodigy to Gang of Four and The Clash. Since the release of "Disco Blood"/"I Know Kung Fu" the band toured extensively in the UK and Europe, even playing as far afield as Bangkok and Istanbul. In 2007 they signed to Sony Music in Japan and Dim Mak Records in America.
The members of the group produced two tracks for Japanese new-wave unit 80_pan's 2008 album, Disco Baby.
Jan Lee left the band in January 2008 to concentrate on his career as an illustrator, and later also entered the restaurant business. He was replaced by Tom Straughan, similarly on keyboards and backing vocals.
In 2009 the band split after mutual agreement. Members went on to form the bands Age of Consent and Ubre Blanca, while drummer Darren Cullen has also pursued a career in political art.
Album
The band began recording their debut album Kingdom of Fear at The Premises recording studio in London with former Clor guitarist turned producer Luke Smith. He had previously worked with the band producing remixes for "Disco Blood" & "Reactor Party".
The album was to be recorded in two sessions, with the 2nd session taking place after the band had completed the NME New Rave Tour (Oct 2006) supporting Klaxons. During the tour however, after a gig in Birmingham, drummer Darren Cullen fell from the roof of the band's tour bus, breaking his right wrist, requiring an operation and the fitting of a metal plate. For the second recording session Kieron Pepper, live drummer for The Prodigy, was brought in to play on two tracks, "Fear of the Future" and "Dream of Infinity". The album also featured the song "Reactor Party" which was produced by Alan O'Connell.
Kingdom of Fear, named after the last book by American writer Hunter S. Thompson, was released on 16 April 2007 on Fierce Panda Records.
DJ career
In addition to live performances, the band have become well known for their regular DJ sets, playing from the likes of Bugged Out, Gatecrasher & Modular parties in the UK to Judgement Sundays in Ibiza, a recent North American DJ tour and extensively in the Far East.
Discography
Albums
Kingdom of Fear (16 April 2007)
The Emanator – US release of Kingdom of Fear with extra tracks (23 September 2008)
Singles
"Disco Blood"/"I Know Kung Fu" (2005) (1,000 copies)
"Reactor Party" (2006) UK #73
"OK" (2007) (2,000 copies)
"I Know Kung Fu" (2007)
Compilations
"Disco Blood" – On Delete Yourself compilation Digital Penetration (July 2006)
"Reactor Party" – On Neon Nights Mixtape – DMC (June 2007)
"Reactor Party" – On The Bang Gang DJs "Light Sound Dance" – Modular Records (July 2007)
"Reactor Party" – On Ibiza Rocks 2007 – Ministry of Sound (August 2007)
See also
Post-punk revival
Dance-punk
Bolt Action Five
Reviews
Daily Music Guide Interview
Album Review, Kingdom of Fear - NME.com
Album Review - From NG Magazine
Album Review on The Line Of Best Fit
Review, March 2006 in Edinburgh - from The Scotsman
Review, 16/03/06 @ The Barfly, Liverpool - from gigwise online
Supersweet interview
References
External links
Fierce Panda Records
Scottish rock music groups
Dance-punk musical groups
Dance-rock musical groups
Scottish electronic rock musical groups
Musical groups established in 2003
Musical groups disestablished in 2009
Fierce Panda Records artists |
4005642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAMCO | CAMCO | CAMCO or Camco may refer to:
Camco, Tibet
Central Aircraft Manufacturing Company, a defunct aircraft manufacturer
Capital Acquisitions and Management Corporation, a defunct debt collection company
General Electric’s Canadian appliance manufacturing company in Toronto, Ontario
Camco Drum Company, a defunct drum company
The nickname for Camden County (disambiguation) |
4005648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cystic%20artery | Cystic artery | The cystic artery (also known as bachelor artery) supplies oxygenated blood to the gallbladder and cystic duct.
Most common arrangement
In the classic arrangement, occurring with a frequency of approximately 70%, a singular cystic artery originates from the geniculate flexure of the right hepatic artery in the upper portion of the hepatobiliary triangle. A site of origin from a more proximal or distal portion of the right hepatic artery is also considered relatively normal.
After separating from the right hepatic artery, the cystic artery travels superiorly to the cystic duct and produces 2 to 4 minor branches, known as Calot’s arteries, that supply part of the cystic duct and cervix of the gallbladder before dividing into the major superficial and deep branches at the superior aspect of the gallbladder neck:
The superficial branch (or anterior branch) passes subserously over the left aspect of the gallbladder.
The deep branch (or posterior branch) runs between the gallbladder and gallbladder fossa, terminating at the peritoneum attached to the liver surface.
Anatomic variation
Double cystic artery
When superficial and deep branches of the cystic artery do not share a common origin it is defined as a double cystic artery occurring with a frequency of 15%.
The deep branch consistently arises from the right hepatic artery which is generally also the source of origin of the superficial branch, however in some cases it has been found to initiate from the anterior segmental artery, middle hepatic artery, left hepatic artery, superior mesenteric artery, gastroduodenal artery or retroduodenal artery.
Approximately half of superficial cystic arteries have been shown to enter through the hepatobiliary triangle, while deep cystic arteries are often quite small in length and diameter. Tripling of the cystic artery is very rare, occurring in between 0-0.3% of cases.
Aberrant origin of the right hepatic artery
Unusual anatomy of the right hepatic can itself affect the path and form of the cystic artery, with the most frequent variation resulting from an aberrant origin of the right hepatic artery which is described in between 2-16% of cases.
Generally this anomalous source is the superior mesenteric artery or more rarely the abdominal aorta, producing what has been described as a "replacing right hepatic artery", passing through the hepatobiliary triangle and running posterior and parallel to the cystic duct.
Because of the close proximity to the gallbladder to the (replacing) right hepatic artery a "caterpillar" or "Moynihan's" hump may form and this artery generally produces multiple short cystic branches rather than a single cystic artery.
Left hepatic artery
The cystic artery can arise from the left hepatic artery, and in such a case it usually travels through a passage of liver parenchyma, approaching the neck of the gallbladder, before bifurcating into ascending (or superior) and descending (or inferior) branches. This situation is found in roughly 1% of cases.
This form of the cystic artery does not pass through the hepatobiliary triangle and has been found located both anteriorly and posteriorly to the common hepatic duct.
Recurrent cystic artery
In less than 1% of patients a form known as a recurrent cystic artery is found – the cystic artery arises from the left hepatic artery and passes through either the cholecystoduodenal or cholecystocolic ligaments (connecting the gallbladder to the duodenum and transverse colon respectively), follows the right edge of the hepatoduodenal ligament, and connects to the fundus of the gallbladder before descending to supply the body and neck.
Low-lying cystic artery
When a single cystic artery arises from gastroduodenal artery it forms a configuration is known as low-lying cystic artery, as it passes inferior to the cystic duct through the cholecystoduodenal ligament, and therefore remains outside the hepatobiliary triangle.
This condition has alternatively been described as an inferior cystic artery and transposition of the cystic artery and duct with a prevalence at approximately 5%.
In 25% of these patients with this course there will be a secondary arterial supply to the gallbladder, with the low-lying artery acting as the equivalent of the posterior branch.
Enlarged cystic artery
Sometimes enlarged cystic artery can be found during cholecystectomy.
Clinical significance
It must be identified and ligated in operations that remove the gallbladder (cholecystectomies).
References
External links
Cystic artery - thefreedictionary.com
()
Enlarged cystic artery (General University Hospital of Patras, Greece)
Arteries of the abdomen |
4005655 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curraha | Curraha | Curraha, also written Curragha (), is a small village located 4.5 km from Ashbourne and 4 km from Ratoath, County Meath, Ireland on the R155 road between Ratoath and the junction with the N2. The built-up area is mainly within Crickstown townland.
The area of Curraha stretches from the road towards Ratoath with the border not far from Ratoath Rugby pitch down to past Kilmoon Cross. It also stretches from Greenpark Bridge over to the N2 (along the 'Bog' of Curraha).
The theme park Tayto Park is also located in Curraha.
Bus service
Bus Éireann route 103 comes through the village four times daily (including Sundays) in each direction on its way to/from Tayto Park. In the other direction route 103 continues to Dublin via Ratoath and Ashbourne.
Facilities
The local national (primary) school, St Andrew's National School Curraha, first opened in 1952. Curraha also has one church (St Andrew's Church, built in 1904), four cemeteries (Curraha, Crickstown, Kilbrew and Kilmoon), three local shops, two public houses (Swan's Bar & Lounge, The Snail Box Bar & Restaurant), a GAA Club (hurling & football) located at Joe McDermott Park, a tennis club (located at Curraha Church car-park) and other clubs and organisations such as Curraha ICA. The Largo Foods/Perri/Tayto factory is located in Curraha on the Kilbrew Road. Tayto Park is also located in Curraha. A statue commemorating Paud O'Donoghue, a blacksmith who participated in the 1798 rebellion, stands at the crossroads in Curraha. A ballad was composed about his participation.
Curraha Parish Pastoral Council
Curraha Parish Pastoral Council overlooks the running of the parish. It is involved in the liturgical and everyday running of the parish through its members. There is a parish centre and meeting room on the church grounds.
References
Towns and villages in County Meath |
4005663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Russell%20Hendrix | Eugene Russell Hendrix | Eugene Russell Hendrix (May 17, 1847 – November 11, 1927) was a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South in the U.S., elected in 1886.
Biography
Eugene Russell Hendrix was born in Fayette, Missouri on May 17, 1847. He graduated from Wesleyan University in 1867, and from Union Theological Seminary in 1869.
He died at his home in Kansas City, Missouri on November 11, 1927, and was buried at Mount Washington Cemetery in Independence.
Hendrix College in Conway, Arkansas, is named in his honor.
Family
He was married to Ann Elizabeth Scarritt (born May 23, 1851), daughter of Nathan Spencer Scarritt (1821–1890) and Martha Matilda Chick (died 1873), on June 20, 1872.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
References
External links
1847 births
1927 deaths
American Methodist bishops
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church, South
Union Theological Seminary (New York City) alumni
Wesleyan University alumni |
4005674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Tour%20de%20Langkawi | 2004 Tour de Langkawi | The 2004 Tour de Langkawi was the 9th edition of the Tour de Langkawi, a cycling stage race that took place in Malaysia. It began on 6 February in Bayan Baru and ended on 15 February in Merdeka Square, Kuala Lumpur. In fact, this race was rated by the Union Cycliste Internationale (UCI) as a 2.2 category race.
Fredy González of Colombia won the race, followed by Ryan Cox of South Africa second and Dave Bruylandts of Belgium third. Gordon Fraser of Australia won the points classification category and Ruber Marín of Colombia won the mountains classification category. won the team classification category.
Stages
The cyclists competed in 12 stages, covering a distance of 1,242.9 kilometres.
Classification leadership
Final standings
General classification
Points classification
Mountains classification
Asian rider classification
Team classification
Asian team classification
List of teams and riders
A total of 20 teams were invited to participate in the 2004 Tour de Langkawi. Out of the 140 riders, a total of 121 riders made it to the finish in Kuala Lumpur.
Luciano Pagliarini
Wladimir Belli
Matteo Carrara
Marco Pinotti
Alessandro Cortinovis
Sergio Barbero
Michele Scotto D'abusco
Chocolade Jacques-Wincor Nixdorf
Jans Koerts
Dave Bruylandts
Mauricio Ardila
Andoni Aranaga
Zbigniew Piątek
Jan Van Velzen
Jurgen Van de Walle
Fredy González
Ruber Marín
Urbelino Mesa
Marlon Pérez Arango
José Rujano
Russel Van Hout
Trent Wilson
De-Nardi
Graziano Gasparre
Michele Gobbi
Enrico Grigoli
Devis Miorin
Rafael Nuritdinov
Antonio Rizzi
Charly Wegelius
Jeremy Hunt
Kurt Van De Wouwer
Frédéric Gabriel
Peter Wuyts
Michel Van Haecke
Gert Vanderaerden
Ben Day
Fortunato Baliani
Graeme Brown
Alejandro Borrajo
Sergiy Matveyev
Fabio Gilioli
Guillermo Bongiorno
Brett Lancaster
Formaggi Pinzolo Fiave
Ivan Quaranta
Mario Manzoni
Corrado Serina
Giulini Sulpizi
Domenico Gualdi
Matteo Cappe
Luis Felipe Laverde
Xavier Florencio
Santiago Blanco Gil
Moises Duenas Nevado
Johan Vansummeren
Hector Guerra Garcia
Nácor Burgos
Oscar Laguna Garcia
David George
Enrico Degano
Sean Sullivan
Ryan Cox
Jock Green
James Lewis Perry
Tiaan Kannemeyer
Gordon Fraser
Gregory Henderson
Brice Jones
Danny Pate
John Lieswyn
Scott Moninger
Michael Sayers
Bert Story-Piels
Germ van der Burg
Dennis van Uden
Coen Loos
Reinier Honig
Jasper Lenferink
Jarko van der Stelt
Arne Kornegoor
Wismilak
Tonton Susanto
Sama'i Sama'i
Wawan Setyobudi
Matnur Matnur
Ano Pedersen
Scott Guyton
Christopher Bradford
Japan
Yoshiyuki Abe
Kazuyuki Manabe
Shinichi Fukushima
Kazuya Okazaki
Makoto Iijima
Tomoya Kano
Yasutaka Tashiro
Canada
Roland Green
Eric Wohlberg
Dominique Perras
Charles Dionne
Cory Lange
Peter Wedge
Alexandre Lavallée
Iran
Hassan Maleki
Ahad Kazemi
Ghader Mizbani
Abbas Saeidi Tanha
Mohammad Rajabloo
Amir Zargari
Saeid Chehrzad
China
Wang Guozhang
Luo Jianshi
Zheng Xiaohai
Li Fuyu
Zhu Yongbiao
Shao Xiaojun
Jiang Xueli
Malaysia
Shahrulneeza Razali
Mohd Mahadzir Hamad
Musairi Musa
Mohd Najmee Abd Ghani
Mohd Sazlee Ismail
Nor Effendy Rosli
Mohd Sayuti Mohd Zahit
South Africa
Jaco Odenaal
Ian McLeod
Daryl Impey
Reinhardt Duplessis
Nicholas White
Jeremy Maartens
Neil McDonald
Republic of Ireland
David McCann
David O'Loughlin
Philip Deignan
Denis Lynch
Paul Griffin
Eugene Moriarty
Tim Barry
Pagcor-Casino Filipino
Victor Espiritu
Rhyan Tanguilig
Lloyd Lucien Reynante
Merculio Ramos
Alfie Catalan
Albert Primero
Ronald Gorantes
References
2004
2004 in road cycling
2004 in Malaysian sport |
4005679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pacific-slope%20flycatcher | Pacific-slope flycatcher | The Pacific-slope flycatcher (Empidonax difficilis) is a small insectivorous bird of the family Tyrannidae. It is native to coastal regions of western North America, including the Pacific Ocean and the southern Gulf of California, as far north as British Columbia and southern Alaska, but is replaced in the inland regions by the Cordilleran flycatcher. These two species were classified as a single species, commonly called the western flycatcher, by the American Ornithologists’ Union until 1989. In winter, both species migrate south to Mexico, where they are virtually indistinguishable from one another.
Description
In plumage, the Pacific-slope flycatcher is virtually identical to the Cordilleran flycatcher, and differs only subtly from most Empidonax flycatchers in North America, but its breeding habitat and call are different. Its call can vary slightly by different regions and the bird itself.
Habitat
The Pacific-slope flycatcher inhabits either coniferous or deciduous forests. In its range it enters mixed woods, Douglas fir forests, redwood forests, and many other wooded environments including riparian woodlands.
As of November 2019, there has been one case of these West Coast birds showing up on the East Coast, in Palmyra, New Jersey.
Diet
As a flycatcher it will wait on a perch and when it sees a flying insect it will chase it without any apparent effort. They also enter swarms of gnats, mosquitos and wherever such insects congregate. They fulfill an important role in keeping insect populations in check, particularly mosquitoes, and they also eat caterpillars and spiders.
References
External links
Videos, photos, and sounds at the Internet Bird Collection
Pacific-slope flycatcher at USGS
Pacific-slope flycatcher photo gallery VIREO
Article with photos at Bob Steele Phoptography
Pacific-slope flycatcher
Birds of Mexico
Pacific-slope flycatcher
Fauna of the California chaparral and woodlands
Native birds of Alaska
Native birds of the Northwestern United States
Native birds of the West Coast of the United States
Native birds of Western Canada
Pacific-slope flycatcher |
4005696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Taisnier | Jean Taisnier | Jean Taisner (or Taisnier) (Latin: Johannes Taisnerius; 1508, Ath, Habsburg Netherlands – 1562, Cologne) was a musician, astrologer, and self-styled mathematician who published a number of works.
A publication of his entitled Opusculum perpetua memoria dignissimum, de natura magnetis et ejus effectibus, Item de motu continuo is considered a piece of plagiarism, as Taisner presents, as though his own, the Epistola de magnete of Peter of Maricourt and a treatise on the fall of bodies by Gianbattista Benedetti. The work describes a magnetic-based perpetual motion machine consisting of a ramp, a magnet stone and an iron ball. Peter of Maricourt had earlier noted such a system which made use of the strength of the magnet stone. This runs into trouble because the path integral of force on a closed loop in a magnetic field is zero (see History of perpetual motion machines).
Sources
Catholic Encyclopedia: Pierre de Maricourt
Roman Catholic priests of the Habsburg Netherlands
16th-century Latin-language writers
People involved in plagiarism controversies |
4005703 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/102P/Shoemaker | 102P/Shoemaker | 102P/Shoemaker, also known as Shoemaker 1, is a periodic comet in the Solar System. It was first seen in 1984 and then again in 1991. Images taken of it in 1999 were not recognized until 2006 when it was once again observed. It was unexpectedly dim in each of these returns.
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
102P/Shoemaker 1 – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
102P at Kronk's Cometography
IAU Minor Planet Center, Minor Planet Electronic Circular No. 2006-O54 giving questionable observations from 1999/2000 and new observations from 2006.
IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Circular No. 5361 giving visual magnitude estimates for 1991 observations.
IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Circular No. 5336 giving calculated orbit based on 1991 observations.
IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Circular No. 5286 Describing recovery of 102P/Shoemaker in 1991
IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Circular No. 4017. Describing more visual magnitude estimates and orbital parameters from 1984.
IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Circular No. 4002. Describing visual magnitude estimates of comet from 1984.
IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Circular No. 4000. Describing positions of comet observed in 1984. Also mentions close pass of Jupiter calculated to have occurred in 1980.
IAU Central Bureau for Astronomical Telegrams Circular No. 3998 Describing the initial calculation of the comet's orbit in 1984
Periodic comets
0102
102P
102P
Comets in 2013
19840927 |
4005712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mar%C3%ADa%20del%20Carmen%20Ram%C3%ADrez | María del Carmen Ramírez | María del Carmen Ramírez García is a Mexican politician affiliated with the Party of the Democratic Revolution (PRD) who served in the upper house of the Mexican Congress during the LVIII and LIX Legislatures.
Ramírez García is married to Alfonso Sánchez Anaya. Her husband is a former member of the Institutional Revolutionary Party (PRI) who in 1999 won the governorship of Tlaxcala representing an alliance between the PRD, the PVEM and the PT; hence from 1999 to 2000 Ramírez García served as President of the DIF in the state of Tlaxcala.
In 2005 she unsuccessfully ran for the governorship of Tlaxcala losing against the PAN-PT candidate Héctor Ortiz Ortiz.
References
Party of the Democratic Revolution politicians
Members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
Women members of the Senate of the Republic (Mexico)
Living people
21st-century Mexican politicians
21st-century Mexican women politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) |
4005740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2003 Australian Open – Men's singles | Andre Agassi defeated Rainer Schüttler in the final, 6–2, 6–2, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2003 Australian Open. It was his fourth Australian Open title, and his eighth and last major title overall. With the win, Agassi claimed his 21st consecutive match win at the Australian Open, as he won the title in 2000 and 2001 (he withdrew from the 2002 event due to injury).
Thomas Johansson was the defending champion, but did not participate this year due to an injury.
This event marked the first main-draw major appearance for David Ferrer, who lost to Lee Hyung-taik in the first round; it was also the final major appearance for former world No. 4 Richard Krajicek.
Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Andre Agassi is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.
Lleyton Hewitt (fourth round)
Andre Agassi (champion)
Marat Safin (third round, withdrew)
Juan Carlos Ferrero (quarterfinals)
Carlos Moyá (second round)
Roger Federer (fourth round)
Jiří Novák (third round)
Albert Costa (third round)
Andy Roddick (semifinals)
David Nalbandian (quarterfinals)
Paradorn Srichaphan (second round)
Sébastien Grosjean (quarterfinals)
Fernando González (second round)
Guillermo Cañas (second round)
Àlex Corretja (first round)
Sjeng Schalken (second round)
Gastón Gaudio (second round)
Younes El Aynaoui (quarterfinals)
Juan Ignacio Chela (second round)
Xavier Malisse (third round)
Andrei Pavel (first round, retired)
Yevgeny Kafelnikov (second round)
James Blake (fourth round)
Nicolás Lapentti (third round)
Mikhail Youzhny (fourth round)
Tommy Robredo (first round)
Jan-Michael Gambill (second round)
Fabrice Santoro (third round)
Nicolas Escudé (third round)
Gustavo Kuerten (second round)
Rainer Schüttler (final)
Stefan Koubek (first round)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top draw
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom draw
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Other entry information
Wild cards
Protected ranking
Qualifiers
Lucky losers
Withdrawals
Before the tournament
During the tournament
Marat Safin
References
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 2003 Australian Open Men's Singles draw
2003 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Mens singles
Australian Open (tennis) by year – Men's singles |
4005755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piano%20Concerto%20No.%207%20%28Mozart%29 | Piano Concerto No. 7 (Mozart) | In 1776, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart composed three piano concertos, one of which was the Concerto for three pianos and orchestra in F major, No. 7, K. 242. He originally finished it in February 1776 for three pianos; however, when he eventually recomposed it for himself and another pianist in 1780 in Salzburg, he rearranged it for two pianos, and that is how the piece is often performed today. The concerto is often nicknamed "Lodron" because it was commissioned by Countess Antonia Lodron to be played with her two daughters Aloysia and Giuseppa. The third piano part, intended for the younger daughter, is more moderate in its technical demands.
The concerto is scored for 2 oboes, 2 horns, 3 solo pianos and strings. It has 3 movements:
Allegro
Adagio in B-flat major
Rondo: Tempo di minuetto
Girdlestone, in his Mozart and his Piano Concertos, describes the concerto and compares one of the themes of its slow movement to similar themes that turn up in later concertos – especially No. 25, K. 503 – in more developed forms.
The first British performance was given by the New Queen's Hall Orchestra at The Proms, Queen's Hall on 12 September 1907. The soloists were Henry Wood, York Bowen and Frederick Kiddle, under the baton of Henri Verbrugghen.
References
External links
Article, source for dates above. Quotes Alfred Einstein's Mozart: His Character, His Work. Einstein discusses the work briefly – two lines in two pages – dismissing it as the least of Mozart's concertos with piano.
07
Mozart07
Compositions in F major
1776 compositions |
4005807 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villandry | Villandry | Villandry () is a commune in the Indre-et-Loire department in central France. The Château de Villandry is located there.
Population
See also
Communes of the Indre-et-Loire department
References
Communes of Indre-et-Loire |
4005813 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rafa%C5%82%20Leszczy%C5%84ski%20%281579%E2%80%931636%29 | Rafał Leszczyński (1579–1636) | Rafał Leszczyński (October 1579 – 29 March 1636) was a Polish–Lithuanian noble and Imperial count. He was the castellan of Kalisz starting in 1618, he became the voivode of Bełz in 1620, and the starost of Hrubieszów in 1633. He was extensively educated in law, humanities, theology, military science, natural sciences, and even studied under Galileo. He also traveled over much of Europe.
Biography
Rafał started his political career in the Sejmik of the Sandomierz Voivodeship. He was an opponent of king Sigismund III Vasa, but he never rose up in open rebellion like the participants in the Zebrzydowski Rebellion. He was Protestant, and was a defender of Protestant rights and religious tolerance in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, dedicating most of his political influence to matters of religion. He provided shelter for Czech Brethren and refugees from Silesia during the Thirty Years' War. He sponsored many new Protestant churches and schools, and developed existing ones, like the school in Leszno, under Czech pedagogue Jan Amos Komeński. He was called the "Pope of Calvinists in Poland." In foreign politics, he supported cooperation with both Catholic France and Protestant countries like Sweden.
He corresponded with Gabor Bethlen of Transylvania and George William, Elector of Brandenburg. George William of Brandenburg gave him a yearly donation of 3000 zloty, in exchange for his support for Protestant cause. After 1629 he also corresponded with Axel Oxenstierna, the Swedish chancellor. He was a strong supporter of the marriage between Władysław IV Waza and a Protestant (Calvinist) princess. He took part in the 1635 negotiations with Sweden, where he worked with the French ambassador, count Claude d'Avaux. He advised the king against hostilities with Sweden, and after the peace of 1635, he wanted to direct Polish foreign policy towards Silesia.
During his life he gathered substantial wealth: 17 towns and over 100 villages in Wielkopolska, Baranów and nearby lands in Sandomierz Voivodeship, Włodawa in Polesia, Woronczyn, Romanów and Beresteczko on Wołyń and Ruś. In 1612 founded the Wieniawa near Lublin.
He was the son of Andrzej Leszczyński, voivode of Brezesc-Kujawski. From 1604 to 1635 he was married to Anna Radzimińska (1586–1635), the daughter of Stanisław Radzimiński of Brodzic coat of arms.
Rafał's children:
Rafał Leszczyński (1607–1644) a known supporter of Protestants;
Andrzej Leszczyński, voivode of Dorpat
Bogusław Leszczyński who inherited Leszno and who converted to Roman Catholicism
Władysław Leszczyński supporter of Calvinists;
Teodora Leszczyńska, patroness of Calvinists married to Zbigniew Gorajski), a leader of Polish Calvinists in Małopolska.
Further reading
Kate Wilson, "The Politics of Toleration Among the Szlachta of Great Poland: Rafał Leszczyński (1579–1636) and Krzysztof Opaliński (1609–55)," Slovo: A Journal of Contemporary Soviet and East European Affairs 14 (2002), 134-155.
1579 births
1636 deaths
Rafal
Polish Calvinist and Reformed Christians |
4005830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%20Sherman | Jason Sherman | Jason Sherman (born July 28, 1962 in Montreal, Quebec) is a Canadian playwright and screenwriter.
After graduating from the creative writing program at York University in 1985, Sherman co-founded What Publishing with Kevin Connolly, which produced what, a literary magazine that he edited from 1985 to 1990. Before establishing himself as a dramatist, Sherman's journalistic works such as reviews, essays, and interviews appeared in various publications, including The Globe and Mail, Canadian Theatre Review and Theatrum.
He edited two anthologies for Coach House Press, Canadian Brash (1991) and Solo (1993), and was playwright-in-residence at Tarragon Theatre from 1992 to 1999.
Sherman's first professional productions were A Place Like Pamela (1991) and To Cry is Not So (1991), followed by The League of Nathans (1992, published in book form in 1996), which won a Floyd S. Chalmers Canadian Play Award (1993), and was nominated for the Governor General's Award for English language drama. Among his many other plays is Three in the Back, Two in the Head, which won the Governor General's Literary Award for Drama (1995), and Reading Hebron, which had its most recent production at London's Orange Tree Theatre in March 2011.
In the November 2007 issue of This Magazine, Sherman wrote an article explaining why he would no longer be writing stage plays. Since then, he has written extensively for television and radio, including the CBC Radio series Afghanada and the television series Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures and The Best Laid Plans.
In 2021 he released My Tree, a documentary film about his trip to Israel to locate a tree that was planted in his name decades earlier. The film premiered at the 2021 Hot Docs Canadian International Documentary Festival, and received a Canadian Screen Award nomination for Best Feature Length Documentary at the 10th Canadian Screen Awards in 2022.
Works
A Place Like Pamela (1991)
To Cry is Not So (1991)
The League of Nathans (1992)
What the Russians Say (1993)
Field (1993)
The Merchant of Showboat (1993)
Three in the Back, Two in the Head (1994)
Reading Hebron (1995)
The Retreat (1996)
None is Too Many (1997)
Patience (1998)
It's All True (1999)
An Acre of Time (1999/2000)
Afghanada (2006–11)
Bloodletting & Miraculous Cures (2010)
We Were Children (2012); screenplay
La Ronde (2013) Soulpepper, adaptation by Jason Sherman
Copy That (2019); commissioned for Tarragon Theatre
References
External links
Jason Sherman
1962 births
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
Canadian screenwriters
Jewish Canadian writers
Living people
Governor General's Award-winning dramatists
Canadian television writers
Canadian radio writers
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
Writers from Montreal
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Canadian male television writers |
4005839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold%20Davidson | Arnold Davidson | Arnold Ira Davidson (born 1955) is an American philosopher and academic, and the Robert O. Anderson Distinguished Service Professor in Philosophy, Comparative Literature, History of Science, and Philosophy of Religion at the University of Chicago. He is also a member of the Committee on the Conceptual Foundations of Science at Chicago and a professor at the Università di Pisa in Pisa, Italy.
Education and career
Davidson holds a Ph.D. from Harvard University, where he wrote a dissertation under the supervision of John Rawls and Stanley Cavell. He taught at Stanford University from 1981 to 1985, apart from a year as a visiting assistant professor at Princeton University in 1984–85. He joined the University of Chicago faculty in 1986.
Davidson, who often speaks and teaches at French and Italian universities, has been a fellow of the Wissenschaftskolleg in Berlin as well as visiting professor, chaire d'Etat, at the Collège de France. He is also the executive editor of the journal Critical Inquiry. Davidson was also a Guggenheim Fellowship recipient in 2003.
Philosophical work
Davidson's scholarship concentrates in contemporary continental philosophy, moral philosophy, the history of theology, and historical epistemology, and the history of the human sciences. His publications (books, articles and essays) cover a wide array of ranging from the moral philosophy of Emmanuel Levinas, Vladimir Jankélévitch, and Pierre Hadot, to Georges Canguilhem's philosophy of science. Many of Davidson's publications are written in French and Italian and published by European presses.
Much of Davidson's scholarship focuses on the theory of Michel Foucault. Davidson is the editor of several books on or by Foucault including: Foucault and His Interlocutors, Society Must Be Defended, Abnormal, and The Hermeneutics of the Subject. In Davidson's recent book, The Emergence of Sexuality: Historical Epistemology and the Formation of Concepts, he applies and develops Foucauldian archeological and genealogical methodological innovations in the development of a method he calls "Historical Epistemology". This work consists of essays on epistemology, the history of sexuality and scientific concepts, and the interpretation of Foucault.
Bibliography
A. I. Davidson: L'Emergence de la sexualité; épistémologie historique et formation des concepts; Albin Michel, 2005.
A. I. Davidson: The Emergence of Sexuality: Historical Epistemology and the Formation of Concepts; Paperback, 2004.
A. I. Davidson: La aparición de la sexualidad; Alpha Decay, 2004.
A. I. Davidson: Foucault and His Interlocutors; Paperback, 1998.
M. Foucault, A. I. Davidson, G. Burchell: Psychiatric Power: Lectures at the Collège de France 1973–1974; Hardcover, 2006.
M. Foucault, A. I. Davidson, G. Burchell: The Hermeneutics of the Subject: Lectures at the Collège de France 1981–1982; Paperback, 2005.
M. Foucault, A. I. Davidson: Abnormal: Lectures at the Collège de France, 1974–1975; Hardcover, 2003.
W. J. T. Mitchell, A. I. Davidson: The late Derrida; Paperback, 2007.
J. Chandler, A. I. Davidson, H. D. Harootunian: Questions of Evidence: Proof, Practice, and Persuasion across the Disciplines; Paperback, 1994.
A. I. Davidson, M. H. Lytle, J. W. Davidson: After the fact; Paperback, 1992.
P. Hadot, A. I. Davidson: Philosophy As a Way of Life: Spiritual Exercises from Socrates to Foucault; Hardcover, 1995.
References
External links
1955 births
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Continental philosophers
Derrida scholars
Foucault scholars
Harvard Graduate School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Institute for Advanced Study visiting scholars
Living people
Stanford University faculty
University of Chicago faculty
University of Pisa faculty |
4005840 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raglan%2C%20Ontario | Raglan, Ontario | Raglan may refer to the following communities in Ontario, Canada:
Raglan, Chatham-Kent, Ontario
Raglan, Durham Regional Municipality, Ontario |
4005844 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Utterance | First Utterance | First Utterance is the debut album of the progressive folk band Comus. It was released in 1971, with the opening song "Diana" being released as a single.
First Utterance was notable for its unique blend of progressive rock, folk, psychedelia, and elements of paganism and the macabre. The overall thematic tone of the album is of vulnerable innocence facing abusive power, with songs dealing with such themes as necrophilia ("Drip Drip"), rape ("Diana", "Song to Comus"), and criticism surrounding electroconvulsive therapy ("The Prisoner"). These themes contrast starkly with the acoustic sound of the record, featuring acoustic guitar, violin, flute, and lyrical, almost Arcadian, female harmonies.
References to Comus by other bands and artists include Opeth, citing its lyrics in album and song titles and tattoos. Experimental outfit Current 93 also covered "Diana" as the opening song on their 1997 LP Horsey.
Artwork
The cover artwork was drawn in ball point pen by Roger Wootton, lead singer and songwriter of the band. The centerfold artwork was painted by guitarist Glenn Goring.
Critical reception
Reviews were favourable (the NME praised the album's "highly unusual but fascinating sound" and Time Out said "the overall effect is unique"), but sales were small and the band dissolved after the album's release. Early biographies of Comus said that a postal strike was one of the reasons that the album did poorly; however, none have provided an explanation for how a postal strike would have affected one particular album's sales.
The Wire included it on their 1998 list of "100 Records That Set The World On Fire [When No One Was Listening]", calling it "[f]olk rock at its most delirious, devilish, and dynamic." In 2014, FACT Magazine ranked it the 22nd best album of the 1970s, writing:
Based in Kent, Comus specialised in ingenious hokum: squawking tales of torture, pagan worship, zephyrs and psychotics. Unsurprisingly, they barely made a commercial ripple [...], but from the twanging fiddles and eldritch voices of ‘Diana’ onwards, First Utterance is both unapologetically weird and commendably self-assured. It’s extremely – and sometimes off-puttingly – mannered, but if you’re looking for the square root of the mid-2000s freak-folk explosion, this is it.
Track listing
All songs copyright Our Music Ltd.
"Diana" – 4:37 (Colin Pearson)
"The Herald" – 12:15 (Andy Hellaby, Glen Goring, Roger Wootton)
"Drip Drip" – 10:56 (Wootton)
"Song to Comus" – 7:31 (Wootton)
"The Bite" – 5:27 (Wootton)
"Bitten" – 2:16 (Hellaby, Pearson)
"The Prisoner" – 6:15 (Wootton)
Personnel
Roger Wootton – acoustic guitar, lead vocals
Glenn Goring – 6- and 12-string acoustic guitars, electric guitar, slide guitar, hand drums, backing vocals
Andy Hellaby – fender bass, slide bass, backing vocals
Colin Pearson – violin, viola
Rob Young – flute, oboe, hand drums
Bobbie Watson – lead and backing vocals, percussion
Production
Comus - arrangements
Barry Murray - producer
Jeff Calver - recording, engineer
References
External links
Hippy.com review
Psychedelicfolk.com review
"First Utterance" at discogs
1971 debut albums
Comus (band) albums |
4005886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanley%20O.%20Gaines | Stanley O. Gaines | Stanley O. Gaines Jr. is a Social Psychologist and Senior Lecturer in the School of Social Sciences at Brunel University. Gaines is the lead author of Culture, Ethnicity, and Personal Relationship Processes, published by Routledge in 1997 ().
Personal and biographical information
Gaines earned a PhD in psychology from the University of Texas in 1991. Throughout this time he had the support of a UT-Austin graduate fellowship, a National Science Foundation graduate fellowship, and a Macalester College pre-doctoral fellowship. After graduate school he spent two years as a post-doctoral fellow and soon after served as an assistant professor of Psychology and Black Studies at Pomona College from 1993-2000. On June 30, 2000, Gaines’ contract expired and he was forced to leave Pomona College after being denied lifetime tenure. This followed with threat of Gaines going on a hunger strike and led him to “fight the College’s immoral, unethical, and illegal behavior toward me.” In 1996 he received a Ford Foundation fellowship to do more research at the University of North Carolina in Chapel Hill. In 2000, Gaines spent a year as a Fulbright Scholar at the University of the West Indies, and from 2001 to now, Gaines has been working as a senior lecturer at Brunel University. Gaines is also a chair member of the International Association for Relationship Research, an Editorial Advisory Board member for the Journal of Social and Personal Relationships, and a research fellow for the University of Bath.
Discussion of major area of work
As a trained social psychologist, Gaines specializes in close relationships and statistics. He has been able to publish in both mainstream and African-centered publications. His current research focuses on the links between objective poverty and individuals’ experience of inner wellbeing across time, among married men and women, and single women heading households in rural villages within India and Zambia. Gaines’ main areas of research include close relationships, culture and ethnicity, gender psychology, intergroup relations, interpersonal processes, personality and individual difference, prejudice and stereotyping, and research methods and assessment. Gaines is also the author Culture, Ethnicity, and Personal Relationship Processes published by Routledge in 1997.
Modelling Psychological Responses to the Great East Japan Earthquake and Nuclear Incident (2012)
In March 2011, an earthquake and then a major tsunami and a nuclear incident struck Eastern Japan. This study models the individual differences in the risk perceptions of these major events. It studies the implications of these perceptions on the relevant behaviors surrounding them. The study collected data 11–133 weeks after the events from 844 young respondents in three regions of Japan; Miyagi, Yokyo, and Western Japan. The study showed that there were shared normative concerns about the earthquake and nuclear risks along with conservation values, lack of trust in government aid and advice, and poor personal control of the nuclear incident. All of these were positively correlated with perceived earthquake and nuclear risks. Many of these perceptions predicted specific outcomes, such as leaving their homes or even Japan.
The study found that there were significant relationships between the respondent's individual values, their normative concerns of their friends and family, their sense of control over the threats, and their trust in the government's aid. All of these risk perceptions now predict a change in preventative measures that will be taken in the future. Avoidance behaviors are including many different safety measures (keeping first aid kits, modifying living quarters, wearing masks, and even contemplating leaving the country). There were, however, significant differences between regions in how they responded to the threat. There was great repeat earthquake anticipation in Tokyo, and behavioral changes were more prominent in areas affected by the March 2011 events. Trust in the government as far as their risk perception is concerned, was also lowered after the events.
Impact of Experiences with Racism on African-Descent Persons’ Susceptibility to Stereotype Threat Within the United Kingdom (2008)
This study on 103 people in the United Kingdom examined the impact of individual, institutional, cultural, and collective racism on a person's susceptibility to stereotype among African-descent persons. The study found that different experiences with these types of racism were not significant when relating to the susceptibility to stereotype threat. This was contrary to the study's original hypothesis. The only significant indicator came with experiences in collective racism and it showed that it was a positive predictor of susceptibility. This study dealt with implications for the continuing relevance of Erving Goffman's Symbolic Interactionist Theory and Construct of Stigma. It also related strongly to Claude Steele's construct of stereotype threat to the field of Black psychology.
While previous research on stereotype threat has mostly focused on academic aspects, this study decided to branch out and focus on stereotype threat on a wide range throughout the United Kingdom. Stereotype threat means the anxiety and potentially impaired performance that comes from the social stigma of inferiority an individual believes has already been evaluated in their domain. The study was considered relatively new, due to the fact that the majority of stereotype threat studies have been done in the United States. The hypothesis for the study was that the UK, like the US, would have high incidences of stereotype threat among African-descent people. In the study, 49 of the participants were men and 64 were women, and the average age of the participants was 28.12 years old. The entire study consisted of a snowball sampling for participants within the West London area. They were first given the consent document and then asked to complete the study survey about stereotype threat.
The most prominent finding from the study came from the significant positive effect of experience with collective racism on an African-descent persons’ susceptibility to stereotype threat. The effect was significant even after controlling for the other forms of racism. The study drew a connection in stereotype threat in modern times to a history where White mobs would gang up on Black individuals as a form of collective racism. The rest of the forms of racism were found to be insignificant, and this was noted as very surprising and unexpected. While the study was innovative for its area, it was also narrow and impractical. Their future research needs to have more lifelike scenarios instead of solely depending on an objective survey to find out about people's experiences. Individual definitions and sensitivities to racism can also be called into question. When comparing across a large spectrum of people, the study needs to make sure that all of the answers are relative and using a similar type of scale. The article also should have been more detailed about what the actual survey consisted of. However, the researchers did a good job staying unbiased. Although they inserted opinions into the article, they did not make conclusions or question the data because of it. Overall, the study was interesting and informative while researching an ever-changing topic.
Other references
Plous, S. (2009, December 21). Stanley O. Gaines Jr. Retrieved November 17, 2012, from Social Psychology Network website: http://gaines.socialpsychology.org/research
Jr., Gaines, Stanley O. (05/01/2012). "Impact of experiences with racism on African-descent persons’ susceptibility to stereotype threat within the United Kingdom.". Journal of black psychology (0095-7984), 38 (2), p. 135.
Gaines, S. (2013, March 8). Stanley Gaines. Retrieved November 14, 2013, from Brunel University, London website: http://www.brunel.ac.uk/sss/psychology/staff-profiles/stanley-gaines
Gaines, S. O. (2000, July 18). Pomona College Statement on Dr. Gaines' Hunger Strike. Retrieved November 16, 2013, from Tripod website:http://gmoses.tripod.com/gaines/sgdoc003.htm
Gaines, S. O. Jr. (1997). Culture, ethnicity, and personal relationship processes. New York: Routledge.
References
Academics of Brunel University London
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
University of Texas alumni
Pomona College faculty |
4005892 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%B6lder%20condition | Hölder condition | In mathematics, a real or complex-valued function f on d-dimensional Euclidean space satisfies a Hölder condition, or is Hölder continuous, when there are nonnegative real constants C, α>0, such that
for all x and y in the domain of f. More generally, the condition can be formulated for functions between any two metric spaces. The number α is called the exponent of the Hölder condition. A function on an interval satisfying the condition with α > 1 is constant. If α = 1, then the function satisfies a Lipschitz condition. For any α > 0, the condition implies the function is uniformly continuous. The condition is named after Otto Hölder.
We have the following chain of strict inclusions for functions over a closed and bounded non-trivial interval of the real line
Continuously differentiable ⊂ Lipschitz continuous ⊂ α-Hölder continuous ⊂ uniformly continuous continuous
where 0 < α ≤ 1.
Hölder spaces
Hölder spaces consisting of functions satisfying a Hölder condition are basic in areas of functional analysis relevant to solving partial differential equations, and in dynamical systems. The Hölder space Ck,α(Ω), where Ω is an open subset of some Euclidean space and k ≥ 0 an integer, consists of those functions on Ω having continuous derivatives up through order k and such that the kth partial derivatives are Hölder continuous with exponent α, where 0 < α ≤ 1. This is a locally convex topological vector space. If the Hölder coefficient
is finite, then the function f is said to be (uniformly) Hölder continuous with exponent α in Ω. In this case, the Hölder coefficient serves as a seminorm. If the Hölder coefficient is merely bounded on compact subsets of Ω, then the function f is said to be locally Hölder continuous with exponent α in Ω.
If the function f and its derivatives up to order k are bounded on the closure of Ω, then the Hölder space can be assigned the norm
where β ranges over multi-indices and
These seminorms and norms are often denoted simply and or also and in order to stress the dependence on the domain of f. If Ω is open and bounded, then is a Banach space with respect to the norm .
Compact embedding of Hölder spaces
Let Ω be a bounded subset of some Euclidean space (or more generally, any totally bounded metric space) and let 0 < α < β ≤ 1 two Hölder exponents. Then, there is an obvious inclusion map of the corresponding Hölder spaces:
which is continuous since, by definition of the Hölder norms, we have:
Moreover, this inclusion is compact, meaning that bounded sets in the ‖ · ‖0,β norm are relatively compact in the ‖ · ‖0,α norm. This is a direct consequence of the Ascoli-Arzelà theorem. Indeed, let (un) be a bounded sequence in C0,β(Ω). Thanks to the Ascoli-Arzelà theorem we can assume without loss of generality that un → u uniformly, and we can also assume u = 0. Then
because
Examples
If 0 < α ≤ β ≤ 1 then all Hölder continuous functions on a bounded set Ω are also Hölder continuous. This also includes β = 1 and therefore all Lipschitz continuous functions on a bounded set are also C0,α Hölder continuous.
The function f(x) = xβ (with β ≤ 1) defined on [0, 1] serves as a prototypical example of a function that is C0,α Hölder continuous for 0 < α ≤ β, but not for α > β. Further, if we defined f analogously on , it would be C0,α Hölder continuous only for α = β.
For α > 1, any α–Hölder continuous function on [0, 1] (or any interval) is a constant.
There are examples of uniformly continuous functions that are not α–Hölder continuous for any α. For instance, the function defined on [0, 1/2] by f(0) = 0 and by f(x) = 1/log(x) otherwise is continuous, and therefore uniformly continuous by the Heine-Cantor theorem. It does not satisfy a Hölder condition of any order, however.
The Weierstrass function defined by:
where is an integer, and is α-Hölder continuous with
The Cantor function is Hölder continuous for any exponent and for no larger one. In the former case, the inequality of the definition holds with the constant C := 2.
Peano curves from [0, 1] onto the square [0, 1]2 can be constructed to be 1/2–Hölder continuous. It can be proved that when the image of a α–Hölder continuous function from the unit interval to the square cannot fill the square.
Sample paths of Brownian motion are almost surely everywhere locally α-Hölder for every
Functions which are locally integrable and whose integrals satisfy an appropriate growth condition are also Hölder continuous. For example, if we let
and u satisfies
then u is Hölder continuous with exponent α.
Functions whose oscillation decay at a fixed rate with respect to distance are Hölder continuous with an exponent that is determined by the rate of decay. For instance, if
for some function u(x) satisfies
for a fixed λ with 0 < λ < 1 and all sufficiently small values of r, then u is Hölder continuous.
Functions in Sobolev space can be embedded into the appropriate Hölder space via Morrey's inequality if the spatial dimension is less than the exponent of the Sobolev space. To be precise, if then there exists a constant C, depending only on p and n, such that:
where Thus if u ∈ W1, p(Rn), then u is in fact Hölder continuous of exponent γ, after possibly being redefined on a set of measure 0.
Properties
A closed additive subgroup of an infinite dimensional Hilbert space H, connected by α–Hölder continuous arcs with α > 1/2, is a linear subspace. There are closed additive subgroups of H, not linear subspaces, connected by 1/2–Hölder continuous arcs. An example is the additive subgroup L2(R, Z) of the Hilbert space L2(R, R).
Any α–Hölder continuous function f on a metric space X admits a Lipschitz approximation by means of a sequence of functions (fk) such that fk is k-Lipschitz and
Conversely, any such sequence (fk) of Lipschitz functions converges to an α–Hölder continuous uniform limit f.
Any α–Hölder function f on a subset X of a normed space E admits a uniformly continuous extension to the whole space, which is Hölder continuous with the same constant C and the same exponent α. The largest such extension is:
The image of any under an α–Hölder function has Hausdorff dimension at most , where is the Hausdorff dimension of .
The space is not separable.
The embedding is not dense.
If and satisfy on smooth arc L the and conditions respectively, then the functions and satisfy the condition on L, where is the smaller of the numbers .
Notes
References
.
Functional analysis
Lipschitz maps
Function spaces |
4005901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willowbrook%20Ballroom | Willowbrook Ballroom | The Willowbrook Ballroom was a dance ballroom and banquet facility located in Willow Springs, Illinois along Archer Avenue. It was founded in 1921 by John Verderbar and named Oh Henry Park.
The Willowbrook Ballroom is often cited as the last place Resurrection Mary danced before her death. Her ghost is said to appear at the ballroom at times, dancing with the patrons.
On Friday October 28, 2016 the Ballroom was gutted by a fire. The building was having work done on the roof where the fire was suspected of starting. Due to water pressure issues the fire department had to wait on tanker trucks, which caused a delay in getting the fire under control.
History
Founded in 1921 by John Verderbar, an industrious Austrian immigrant. Verderbar purchased along wooded Archer Ave. He planned to build a peaceful weekend home.
His son, Rudy Verderbar, was one of the throngs of young people who danced at the nearly 400 ballrooms and dance halls that thrived in the Chicago area during the mid-to-late 1910s. After dancing in an outdoor pavilion in Michigan, Rudy waged a relentless campaign to scrap the idea of a summer home and build an outdoor dance pavilion. After some research, his father agreed, and in 1921, the all wooden Oh Henry Park was built. It proved so popular, in 1923, the open-air pavilion was enlarged and a new 10-cents-a-dance policy was implemented. The ballroom was supposedly named after the Oh Henry candy bar, manufactured in Chicago by the Williamson Candy Company, who paid Verderbar for the naming rights.
In 1930, the pavilion was destroyed in a devastating fire. Verderbar quickly assembled a team of 200 carpenters to construct an enormous outdoor dance floor in time for the next Saturday night. The remaining ten weeks of Oh Henry’s 1930 dance season drew even bigger crowds due to massive publicity touting the romantic aspects of "dancing under the stars."
On May 3, 1931, more than 1,700 invited guests and dignitaries danced the first dances in the new Oh Henry Ballroom. It had been built at the then-staggering Great Depression-era cost of $100,000.
As Big Band fever spread throughout 1940s America, the Oh Henry Ballroom, now with air conditioning, became a major force in the Midwest’s entertainment industry. Even during the Second World War, typical weekly attendance was about 10,000 dancers. The ballroom’s popularity was reason for Chicago bus lines to be rerouted to provide direct service to and from the ballroom.
Willowbrook Ballroom attracted some of the most popular bands of their times including Ozzie Nelson and his orchestra in the 1930s with lead singer Harriet Hilliard. The 1940s orchestras of Harry James, Les Brown and Count Basie played the ballroom, and singers Frank Sinatra, Doris Day And Helen O'Connell graced the stage, later so did Wayne King, Guy Lombardo, Sammy Kaye, Jimmy Dorsey, Bob Crosby, Dick Jurgens, Glenn Miller Orchestra and Gene Krupa.
In 1955, as ballrooms across the country scaled down or closed, the Verderbars set out on a course to further expand their operations. A addition installed new kitchens, a restaurant and a private room for parties and banquets.
In 1959 the entire Oh Henry complex was renamed Willowbrook Ballroom. The 1960s were bringing record crowds to the ballroom, but toward the end of that decade, the public’s taste in entertainment underwent a radical change and fewer people took up ballroom dancing.
Willowbrook Ballroom survived by having contemporary bands share the stage on the same evening with the top ballroom bands.
As popular music changed, the entertainers on Willowbrook’s stage also changed, particularly on Friday night. Chubby Checker played the ballroom as did The Cryan' Shames, The Association, The Buckinghams, Otis Day and the Knights, Duke Tumatoe and The All Star Frogs, The Village People, and Martha Reeves. Songwriter James Holvay first saw Carl Bonafede at the age of 14 when Carl was singing at The Willowbrook Ballroom as a front man for the Gem-Tones. It was one of Jim Lounsbury's local record hops.
In 1997 the Verderbar family sold the Ballroom to Birute and Gediminas Jodwalis. The Willowbrook Ballroom is located at 8900 Archer Avenue, Willow Springs, Illinois, 60480.
In 2000 The Willowbrook Ballroom was profiled as one of America's "Glorious, Historic, Legendary, Treasured Ballroom Dance Floors" in Amateur Dancers magazine. Criteria for being profiled as an Amateur Dancers magazine's "Finest Floor" is:
A minimum of of danceable wood flooring, sprung preferred.
Sufficient room for 300 or more dancers.
Adequate sound and heating/cooling system.
Currently operating with a 25-year history or more.
On October 28, 2016 the Willowbrook Ballroom was again destroyed by a massive, multi-alarm fire.
As of early Spring 2017 the Dance of Life Foundation—a Burr Ridge-based nonprofit organization—claims to have raised nearly $2 million to rebuild the historic ballroom.
On Feb. 25, 2019 Crain's Chicago Business reported that suburban construction firm Westpoint Builders had purchased, on Feb. 13, 2019, half of the Willowbrook Ballroom site for 1.25 million dollars. When finished, the new construction on the site is said to include 168 condominiums and 42 townhomes. As of Oct. 28, 2021 there has been no announcement about the sale of the other half of the property, and the property as a whole is still an unimproved, empty parking lot.
Notes
References
O'Hara, Delia, "Seeing is believing - Willowbrook Ballroom will be forever linked to the ghost called 'Resurrection Mary'", Chicago Sun-Times, October 26, 2003.
Stanley, Charles, "Old Family Ballroom Far from Seeing Its Last Dance", Chicago Tribune, December 27, 1996.
Meyer, Amdan, "Millennium Maple - Glorious, Historic, Legendary, Treasured Ballroom Dance Floors", Amateur Dancers, Jan/Feb 2000, Issue#123
External links
Willowbrook Ballroom
Entertainment companies established in 1921
Buildings and structures in Cook County, Illinois
Music venues in Illinois
Tourist attractions in Cook County, Illinois
Ballrooms in the United States
Buildings and structures completed in 1930
1921 establishments in Illinois
2016 fires
Buildings and structures demolished in 2016 |
4005909 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester%20concession | Chester concession | The Chester concession, approved by the congress of the newly founded Republic of Turkey on April 10, 1923, would have allowed United States development of oil and railways. The United States Senate refused to ratify the treaty, and consequently Turkey annulled the concession.
It was an award of significant importance and marked the introduction of U.S. capital for the first time on a large scale into the Near East. The same type of agreement (Baghdad Railway) was a major cause of the anxiety that led the Ottoman Empire to World War I. Germany had obtained concessions from Ottoman Empire that allowed German companies to construct railways.
The U.S. corporation would have the rights to all the mineral resources, including oil fields, found within a 20-kilometer zone on each side of the railway lines, as well as the privilege of carrying on subsidiary activities such as the laying of pipelines, the utilization of water power for construction, and the building of port and terminal facilities on the Black Sea and the Gulf of Alexandretta. The corporation could utilize the resources of the public lands, including sandpits, gravel pits, quarries and timber, without compensation and was granted exemption from taxation. Retired Rear-Admiral Colby Mitchell Chester led the U.S. syndicate, thus the name Chester concession was employed, although the official name of the syndicate was the Ottoman-American Development Company.
Despite the Turkish government's desire to be free of foreign economic influence (which had caused their Ottoman predecessors a great loss of autonomy), the concession was approved because it would guarantee U.S. support at the Treaty of Lausanne, where negotiations were taking place regarding the relationship between the new Turkish state and the European powers. Also a factor was the Turkish government's pragmatic need to develop, which overwhelmed fears of imperialism. The railroad grant applied to an extension of the old Anatolian Railway from Angora (now Ankara) to Sivas, with a branch to the port of Samsun on the Black Sea; a line from Sivas to Erzurum and thence on to the Persian and Russian frontiers, with branches to the Black Sea ports of Tirebolu and Trebizond (now Trabzon); a line from Ulukışla on the Baghdad Railway to Sivas via Kayseri; a railway from Sivas to Harput and thence to Mosul with branches to Bitlis and Van; and a railway from Harput to Yumurtalık, a port on the Gulf of Iskenderun.
It was estimated that $300,000,000 would be needed to carry the plan through. The deal collapsed in part because of financing problems on the U.S. side, and in part, because it called for the development of rail into the Basra province, which did not come under Turkish control (Basra became part of the British mandate), and the British-controlled Turkish Petroleum Company. The French Foreign Office, on behalf of nationals with whose claims the Chester grant conflicted, despatched a note to the Angora government in which it characterized the whole procedure as being deliberately unfriendly. In 1923, the Angora Assembly abruptly declared that the concession had lapsed, owing to failure of the concessionaires to fulfill in the allotted time certain conditions of the grant; but Mr. Clayton Kennedy, as the representative of the syndicate, went to Angora in person and, it was reported in 1924, succeeded in reopening the question.
References
Turkey–United States relations
History of the Republic of Turkey |
4005923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%27s%20Court | People's Court | People's Court may refer to:
East Asia
Supreme People's Court, the highest court of the People's Republic of China
Local people's courts of the People's Republic of China
Local Courts of Vietnam, also known as People's Courts, which deal with legal issues at the district precinct levels
Eastern Europe
People's Court (Soviet Union), a civil court of the Soviet Union
People's Court (Bulgaria), a temporary Fatherland Front–established court in Bulgaria active in 1944–1945
Germany
People's Court (Germany), a court established by Adolf Hitler to deal with those accused of political offences
People's Court (Bavaria), a Bavarian court from 1918 to 1924, that tried, among others, Adolf Hitler and other Beer Hall Putsch conspirators
North Africa
Libyan People's Court, an emergency tribunal founded in Libya after the political change of 1 September 1969, to try officials of the Kingdom era
Entertainment
The People's Court, the first widely popular American "court show" in which actual small claims court cases were heard by a pseudo-judicial arbitrator
La Corte del Pueblo, the Spanish-language version of The People's Court that aired on the Telemundo network
See also
Supreme People's Court (disambiguation)
Court of public opinion
Kangaroo court
People’s Tribunal (disambiguation) |
4005924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C3%A9ile%20FM | Féile FM | Féile FM was a community radio station based at Conway Mill in the Gaeltacht Quarter in west Belfast.
The station first broadcast in July 1996 on a 28-day restricted service licence, operating as an outlet for the west Belfast community. Within two years, Féile FM began broadcasting for two four-week periods each year, providing a buildup to Féile an Phobail's Draíocht Children's Arts Festival, their West Belfast Festival and the St Patrick's Day events.
The station was operated under the banner of Féile an Phobail by a radio co-ordinator and a large number of volunteers from the local community. Volunteers were involved in many aspects of the station from hospitality, telephones, news team, production, presenters and even managers.
History
Over the first nine years, Féile FM broadcast on the same frequency of 106.2 FM. This frequency changed to 107.7 FM for the radio broadcast in July/August 2005. Although the station had been a roving unit for many years, broadcasting from various venues, it returned to Conway Mill in February 2004 to a purpose-built studio with a full studio and modern equipment. The studio was created through a partnership between Féile an Phobail and Conway Mill and was funded by the Belfast Local Strategy Partnership.
In October 2005, Féile FM was granted a full-time community radio licence by Ofcom. The terms of the licence allowed Féile FM to take two years to develop the radio station. After the period of two years, Féile FM was granted permission to broadcast throughout the year as opposed to its previous restrictions on broadcasting only in the run-up to St. Patrick's Day and the West Belfast Festival. This allowed the station to provide a full-time community radio service to the entire city of Belfast and across area of counties Antrim and Down.
The station closed at 4pm on Friday 25 March 2011 owing to financial difficulties and increasing overhead costs.
References
External links
Féile FM Website
Féile an Phobail Website
Radio stations in Northern Ireland
Mass media in Belfast
Community radio stations in the United Kingdom
Defunct radio stations in the United Kingdom |
4005928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nymphomyiidae | Nymphomyiidae | The Nymphomyiidae are a family of tiny (2 mm) slender, delicate flies (Diptera). Larvae are found among aquatic mosses in small, rapid streams in northern regions of the world, including northeastern North America, Japan, the Himalayas, and eastern Russia. Around a dozen extant species are known, with two fossil species found in amber, extending back to the Mid Cretaceous. Under an alternative classification, they are considered the only living representatives of a separate, suborder called Archidiptera (or Archaediptera) which includes several Triassic fossil members. The family has characteristics associated with the Nematocera as well as the Brachycera. The antennae are shortened as in the Brachycera and these flies are long, having a snout with vestigeal mouthparts, non-differentiated abdominal segments with large cerci. The wings are narrow and hair-fringed and have very weak venation. They are known to form cloud-like swarms in summer and the short-lived non-feeding adults have wings that fracture at the base shortly after mating.
The family Nymphomyiidae has several species which were originally placed in separate genera of their own. Nymphomyia alba, the type species for this family, was discovered in a fast-flowing stream in Japan by Masaaki Tokunaga in 1932. This was followed by Palaeodipteron walkeri described by Ide in Quebec in 1965 and Felicitomyia brundini was described from the Himalayas in 1970. Hennig examined the pupal characteristics of Nymphomyia and placed it in the family Psychodidae. Rohdendorf considered Nymphomyia so distinct that he put it in a separate superfamily Nymphomyioidea related to Triassic Dictyodipteridae which are in a suborder Archidiptera. Modern classifications put all the species in a single genus Nymphomyia. Based on larval morphology, the family has been suggested to be close to the Deuterophlebiidae while others place them in a separate infraorder, the Nymphomyiomorpha.
Nymphomyiidae are neotenic, retaining various larval features. They have strap-like wings with a very reduced venation, and the wing margins have long fringes like those of the Thysanoptera. The wings break at the base after mating. The antennae are very reduced. Species in the genus Nymphomyia have atrophied mouthparts. Nymphomyiidae are unusual in that the adults are ventrally holoptic, meaning they possess two eyes that meet on the underside of the head. Adults form large swarms above water. One or two generations may breed in a single year depending on the region and climate.
Nymphomyiidae are thought to be closely related to the extinct Strashilidae from the Jurassic of Asia, which are thought to have had a similar lifestyle.
Species
Currently all species are treated as members of a single genus:
Nymphomyia Tokunaga, 1932
N. alba Tokunaga, 1932 - Japan
N. levanidovae Rohdendorf & Kalugina, 1974 - Siberia
N. brundini (Kevan, 1970) - Himalayas
N. holoptica Courtney 1994 - Hong Kong
N. rohdendorfi Makarchenko, 1979 - Siberia
N. walkeri (Ide, 1964) - Canada
Nymphomyia dolichopeza Courtney, 1994 - North America
Nymphomyia allissae (Burmese amber)
Nymphomyia succina (Baltic amber)
References
Nematocera families
Blephariceromorpha |
4005933 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Grenfell | Henry Grenfell | Henry Riversdale Grenfell (5 April 1824 – 11 September 1902) was a British banker and Liberal Party politician.
Biography
His Cornish grandfather Pascoe Grenfell was a tin and copper manager and Member of Parliament (MP), while his father, Charles Pascoe Grenfell, was a director of the Bank of England from 1830 to 1864. His maternal grandfather was William Philip Molyneux, 2nd Earl of Sefton.
Grenfell was elected as a Liberal Member of Parliament for Stoke-upon-Trent at a by-election in September 1862, and was re-elected at the general election in 1865. At the general election three years later, in 1868, he stood in the Liberal interest for South West Lancashire, but was defeated. He came forward again at the general election of 1880, standing for Barnstaple, but was again defeated.
He was a leading member of the Bimetallic League, and Governor of the Bank of England between 1881 and 1883 following a period as its Deputy Governor. He was also a member of the Council of the Corporation of Foreign Bondholders and was on the boards of several insurance companies.
Grenfell died of pneumonia at Bacres, Henley-on-Thames, on 11 September 1902.
His son, Edward Grenfell, also became a Member of Parliament and Bank of England director, and was the partner of Junius Spencer Morgan in the firm of Morgan, Grenfell & Company.
References
External links
1824 births
1902 deaths
Liberal Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1859–1865
UK MPs 1865–1868
Governors of the Bank of England
British people of Cornish descent
Henry
Deputy Governors of the Bank of England
19th-century English businesspeople |
4005940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201932%20Summer%20Olympics | Canada at the 1932 Summer Olympics | Canada competed at the 1932 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States. Despite the games being held during the Great Depression, Canada sent its second largest team to date. 102 competitors, 85 men and 17 women, took part in 69 events in 10 sports.
Canadian Olympic Committee member W. A. Fry self-published a book covering Canadian achievements at the 1932 Winter Olympics and 1932 Summer Olympics. His 1933 book, Canada at the tenth Olympiad, 1932 : Lake Placid, New York, Feb. 4 to 13 - Los Angeles, California, July 30 to Aug. 14, was printed by the Dunnville Chronicle presses and dedicated to Canadian sportsperson Francis Nelson who died in 1932.
Medalists
Gold
Duncan McNaughton — Athletics, Men's High Jump
Horace Gwynne — Boxing, Men's Bantamweight
Silver
Alex Wilson — Athletics, Men's 800 m
Hilda Strike — Athletics, Women's 100 m
Mildred Fizzell, Lillian Palmer, Mary Frizzel and Hilda Strike — Athletics, Women's 4 × 100 m Relay
Ernest Cribb, Harry Jones, Peter Gordon, Hubert Wallace, Ronald Maitland, and George Gyles — Sailing, 8 m Class
Daniel MacDonald — Wrestling, Men's Welterweight (66–72 kg)
Bronze
Phil Edwards — Athletics, Men's 800 m
Phil Edwards — Athletics, Men's 1500 m
Alex Wilson — Athletics, Men's 400 m
Raymond Lewis, James Ball, Phil Edwards, and Alex Wilson — Athletics, Men's 4 × 400 m Relay
Eva Dawes — Athletics, Women's High Jump
Charles E. Pratt and Noel De Mille — Rowing, Men's Double Sculls
Earl Eastwood, Joseph Harris, Stanley Stanyar, Harry Fry, Cedric Liddell, William Thoburn, Don Boal, Albert Taylor, and Les MacDonald — Rowing, Men's Eights with Coxswain
Philip Rogers, Gerald Wilson, Gardner Boultbee, and Kenneth Glass — Sailing, 6 m Class
Athletics
Boxing
Cycling
Seven cyclists, all men, represented Canada in 1932.
Individual road race
Glen Robbins
James Jackson
Frank Elliott
Ernie Gates
Team road race
Glen Robbins
James Jackson
Frank Elliott
Ernie Gates
Sprint
Leo Marchiori
Time trial
Lew Rush
Team pursuit
Lew Rush
Glen Robbins
Russ Hunt
Frank Elliott
Diving
Fencing
Five fencers, four men and a woman, represented Canada in 1932.
Men's foil
Ernest Dalton
Bertram Markus
Men's épée
Patrick Farrell
Ernest Dalton
Bertram Markus
Men's team épée
Ernest Dalton, Bertram Markus, Patrick Farrell, Henri Delcellier
Men's sabre
Patrick Farrell
Women's foil
Joan Archibald
Rowing
Sailing
Swimming
Wrestling
Art competitions
References
Nations at the 1932 Summer Olympics
1932
Summer Olympics |
4005948 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20US%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2003 US Open – Men's singles | Andy Roddick defeated Juan Carlos Ferrero in the final, 6–3, 7–6(7–2), 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2003 US Open. It was his first and only major title. Roddick remains the most recent American to win the US Open men's singles title as well as any major men's singles title. Roddick saved a match point in the semi-finals against David Nalbandian.
Pete Sampras was the defending champion, but he retired from the sport in August 2003.
This was the first US Open where future four-time champion Rafael Nadal appeared in the main draw, as well as the first major main draw appearance for future world No. 4 and Wimbledon finalist Tomáš Berdych. It was also the final major appearance for former major champions Michael Chang and Yevgeny Kafelnikov.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 2003 US Open Men's Singles draw
2003 US Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
US Open (tennis) by year – Men's singles |
4005958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Family%20of%20Medium%20Tactical%20Vehicles | Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles | The Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) is a series of vehicles, based on a common chassis, that vary by payload and mission requirements. The FMTV is derived from the Austrian Steyr 12M18 truck, but substantially modified to meet United States Army requirements, these including a minimum 50 percent U.S. content.
There were originally 17 FMTV variants—four variants in the nominal 2.5 U.S. ton payload class, designated Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV), and 13 variants with a nominal 5 U.S. ton payload rating, called Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV).
Since the first FMTVs were fielded in January 1996 the family has been expanded and the overall design enhanced considerably. The FMTV was originally manufactured by Stewart & Stevenson (1996–2006), then by Armor Holdings (2006–2007), then by what is now BAE Systems Platforms & Services until 2011. It is currently manufactured by Oshkosh Corporation.
Development and production history
FMTV's origins trace back to a U.S. Army TRAining and DOctrine Command (TRADOC) requirements document issued in 1983 for a Medium Tactical Truck (MTT), the intended replacement for the in-service 2.5-ton truck. In July 1984 a program to look at a future 5-ton truck procurement to replace in-service 2.5- and 5-ton trucks began. Cost analysis demonstrated that the procurement should be for both 2.5- and 5-ton trucks, and in October 1984 FMTV formally began as a program. The Request For Proposals (RFP) for FMTV was released in 1988. At this time it was expected that around 120,000 trucks would be ordered over three five-year contracts.
In October 1988, the United States Army awarded contracts to Stewart & Stevenson, the Tactical Truck Corporation (a 50/50 joint venture between General Motors Military Vehicles and the BMY Wheeled Vehicle Division of the Harsco Corporation), and Teledyne Continental Motors for 15 prototype vehicles each, these to be completed by January 1989. In October 1991 a five-year FMTV contract was awarded to Stewart & Stevenson. The initial contract order total was expected to be 20,000 vehicles, but this was reduced to 10,843 vehicles valued at USD1.2 billion. Some options were added and raised the total to 11,197 vehicles over what would be extended to seven contract years. The first FMTVs were fielded in January 1996.
In October 1998 Stewart & Stevenson was awarded the second FMTV contract, this for 8,000 trucks and 1,500 companion trailers and with a value of $1.4 billion. Total quantities including options were 11,491 trucks and 2,292 trailers, delivered between September 1999 and October 2004. Trucks were the improved A1 model, with improvements including an uprated engine (1998 EPA compliant) and transmission, and the introduction of ABS. The first A1 models were fielded in July 2000.
Stewart & Stevenson and Oshkosh Truck Corporation were awarded contracts in April 2001 for the Evaluation Phase (Phase 1) of the FMTV A1 Competitive Rebuy (FMTV A1 CR) program for the next FMTV production contract. Following trials and evaluation, in April 2003 the contract was awarded to Stewart & Stevenson. Production of the FMTV A1 CR (designated FMTV A1R) began in Q3 2004. Improvements to A1R models were numerous and included a new EPA 2004 compliant Caterpillar C7 engine. A total of 21,149 FMTVs and companion trailers were built under the FMTV A1R contract award.
In May 2006, Stewart & Stevenson was acquired by Armor Holdings Inc., and in August 2007, Armor Holdings was acquired by BAE Systems.
The United States Army had intended that the Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) with just two variants would eventually replace virtually all of its tactical wheeled vehicle fleet including the FMTV. FTTS never materialized, however along with inputs from other efforts it continues to be used to define requirements for future United States Army trucks. With FTTS already faltering, BAE Systems was awarded a bridging contract in June 2008 for up to 10,000 FMTVs or trailers, the contract including an option (which was exercised) for 10,000 additional vehicles.
In May 2009 BAE Systems, Navistar Defense and Oshkosh Defense each announced they had submitted proposals for the FMTV A1P2 competitive rebuy program to the U.S. Army's Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Life Cycle Management Command. In August 2009, the United States Army announced that Oshkosh Defense had been awarded the FMTV A1P2 rebuy production contract. The award was protested by both BAE Systems and Navistar.
The FMTV A1P2 rebuy was awarded as a five-year 'build-to-print' requirements-type award that at award allowed the U.S. government to order from 0 up to 12,415 trucks and 10,926 trailers through to calendar year 2014. Some FMTV variants are excluded from the rebuy competition, those excluded include specialist FMTV variants such as HIMARS, Patriot, MEADS and LVAD, plus all the armored cabs developed by BAE Systems.
According to the United States Army (in February 2012) all FMTV work with BAE Systems (minus a small number of armor B-kits) had concluded, BAE Systems and legacy companies having delivered around 74,000 FMTV trucks and trailers to the United States Army.
U.S. budgetary projections of March 2012 suggested that due to funding constraints the FMTV program would be terminated in FY14. Under the FMTV contract orders could be placed until December 2013, with first deliveries to commence within one year of that, with final deliveries one year later. Contract extensions have been made and the Justification and Approval (J&A) notice for the latest of these, which will extend the FMTV contract from 30 September 2016 to 25 August 2019 and will allow for the continued procurement of FMTV A1P2s, was released on 14 October 2016. One day earlier, on 13 October 2016 the U.S. Army solicited proposals for the FMTV A2 rebuy competition.
On 11 January 2017 Israel's Ministry of Defense announced it would be acquiring 200 FMTVs from Oshkosh in a contract valued at $200 million. Deliveries are expected to start this year and conclude mid-2018. The MoD noted that additional orders are likely. At this time Oshkosh confirmed that since deliveries started in 2010, the company had received orders for over 24,500 FMTV trucks and 11,400 FMTV trailers.
On 21 September 2017 Oshkosh announced that the U.S. Army had announced an administrative modification to the FMTV A1P2 requirements contract with the company, this to establish the eighth, ninth and tenth Order Years' pricing under the contract, at an estimated value of $466 million. This administrative modification authorizes future orders under the FMTV A1P2 contract through August 25, 2019. This contract extension will close out production of the FMTV A1P2.
On 21 September an order for 1,065 FMTVs at a value of $260.1 million under Order Year 8 of the latest contract extension was announced. On 27 September a further two Order Year 8 orders for a total of 148 FMTVs valued at more than $36 million was announced, with Oshkosh also confirming that the company had delivered more than 36,200 FMTV trucks and trailers. On 6 November Oshkosh announced the delivery of the 25,000th FMTV truck to the US Army. On 14 June 2018 Oshkosh announced that the U.S. Army Contracting Command had placed four additional orders for a total of 771 FMTV A1P2s, valued at $159.6 million.
Oshkosh Defense announced on 27 February 2019 that the U.S. Army Tank-automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) had placed orders with the company for a further 354 FMTV A1P2 trucks and trailers at a value of $75 million. By February 2019, Oshkosh had delivered more than 38,100 FMTVs since the award of the FMTV A1P2 contract. On 28 June 2019 the US Department of Defence announced that Oshkosh had been awarded a $320,000,000 modification to domestic and Foreign Military Sales (Argentina, Djibouti, Iraq, Lebanon, Romania) contract W56HZV-09-D-0159 for procurement of Family of Medium Tactical Vehicle variants. Estimated completion date is 24 August 2021.
In August 2021 Oshkosh confirmed that the company had produced over 40,500 A1P2 trucks and trailers.
FMTVs are currently being reset at the Red River Army Depot on return from deployed operations, and current projections are for a Recap (Recapitalization) program to commence in 2020/2021.
Technical description and variants
The 2.5-ton (4×4) FMTV is designated as the Light Medium Tactical Vehicle (LMTV), while the 5-ton (6×6) is designated the Medium Tactical Vehicle (MTV).
The FMTV is based on the Austrian Steyr 12 M 18 (4×4) truck, but substantially modified to meet United States Army requirements that included a minimum 50% US content. The original 15 FMTV prototypes were assembled in Austria and while based on the 12 M 18 chassis-cab, were fitted with a number of US-supplied/specification components including a Caterpillar diesel engine, Allison automatic transmission and Meritor drive axles.
In a move away from previous United States Army designs, a Cab Over Engine (COE) design was selected for the FMTV as while the US Army did not specify this configuration, given the Cold War situation prevailing at the time it had indicated that overall length for shipboard transport was a consideration.
On a model-for-model basis the FMTV is around 3 ft. shorter than its bonneted predecessors, while retaining a C-130 Hercules transport capability. Subject to load dimensions, all original FMTV variants are C-130 transportable at GVWR and all models capable of being transported underslung by helicopter are fitted with a sliding outrigger system. Low Altitude Parachute Extraction System (LAPES), later revised to Low Velocity Air Drop (LVAD) variants of A0 production LMTV (M1081 cargo) and MTV (M1093 cargo and M1094 dump) variants were produced.
The chassis and cab of the FMTV feature extensive corrosion protection. It was the first truck to pass the United States Army's 22-year accelerated corrosion test.
The design of FMTV has never remained static and to further increase reliability, user friendliness and operational flexibility, detailed refinements/upgrades have continued throughout FMTVs production run.
FMTV is built around a conventional bolted / huck-bolted, cold-formed C-section chassis with bolted-in tubular cross-members. The high-grade 758 MPa steel used is sourced from Sweden. LMTV variants can be fitted with a DP-10J winch with an 11,000 lb. line pull. MTV variants use a DP-515 winch with a 15,500 lbs. line pull.
Current production FMTV A1P2s are powered by a 2007 Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) emissions compliant 7.2-liter six-cylinder Caterpillar C7 diesel engine developing 275 hp and 860 Lb.-Ft. torque in LMTV variants and 330 hp and 860 Lb-Ft.torque in MTV variants. FMTV A1Rs have a 2004 EPA emissions compliant version of the same engine with the same power output. FMTV A1 variants have an earlier 1998 EPA emissions compliant version of this engine, the 3126 ATAAC which developed 275 hp at 2400 rpm and 815 Lb.-Ft.torque at 1,600 rpm in LMTV variants and 330 hp and 850 Lb.-Ft.torque in MTV variants. A 6.6-liter derivative of this engine, the 3116 ATAAC, was fitted to FMTV A0 models where it developed 225 hp and 735 Lb.-Ft. torque in LMTV variants, and 290 hp at 2600 rpm and 860 Lb.-Ft. torque in MTV variants.
The Allison 3070 SP seven-speed transmission fitted to A1P2 and A1R FMTVs has also evolved with the FMTV, its A1 designation being MD 3070 PT, its A0 designation being MD-D7. This has an integral single-speed transfer case. All-wheel drive is full-time, with a 30/70 per cent front/rear torque split for on-road driving, and a 50/50 per cent split for off-road driving.
All FMTV models are fitted with Meritor beam axles, the ratings and specifications of which have also evolved as the FMTV has developed. Suspension is by a combination of parabolic tapered leaf springs (inverted on the MTV rear bogie), shock-absorbers, and an anti-roll bar for the rear axle/bogie;
Two cargo trailers are part of the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV). The M1082 single-axle trailer is used with the LMTV cargo truck and the M1095 twin-axle trailer is use with the MTV cargo truck. Both trailers have payloads that match that of the towing truck, and they share many components (including axles) with the towing truck.
Variants
(sequenced by U.S. Army M number)
M1078 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Cargo NSN 2320-01-549-8577
M1078 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Cargo with winch NSN 2320-01-549-8611
M1079 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Van NSN 2320-01-552-7745
M1079 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Van with winch NSN 2320-01-552-7749
M1080 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – LMTV Chassis 3.9 m NSN 2320-01-552-7791
M1081 A0 – LMTV Cargo-airdrop LVAD
M1082 A1/A1R/A1P2 – Trailer, LMTV cargo NSN 2320-01-449-1775
M1083 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Cargo NSN 2320-01-549-8610
M1083 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Cargo with winch NSN 2320-01-549-8565
M1084 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Cargo with material handling equipment (MHE) NSN 2320-01-552-7739
M1084 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2/RSV – MTV Cargo with MHE (HIMARS RSV) NSN 2320-01-552-7767
M1085 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Cargo, Long Wheelbase Cargo (LWB) NSN 2320-01-552-7773
M1085 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Cargo with winch NSN 2320-01-552-7770
M1085 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Cargo w/ Sideboard Delete NSN 2320-01-552-7770
M1086 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Cargo with MHE NSN 2320-01-552-7780
M1086 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Cargo with MHE & winch NSN 2320-01-552-7776
M1087 A1R/A1P2 – MTV Expansible Van NSN 2320-01-552-7781
M1088 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Tractor NSN 2320-01-552-7759
M1088 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Tractor with winch NSN 2320-01-552-7759
M1089 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Wrecker Oshkosh-produced M1089 have different recovery equipment NSN 2320-01-595-3994
M1090 A0/A1 – MTV Dump
M1091 – MTV 1,500 gallon Fuel Tanker Type Classified but did not enter production
M1092 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV Chassis 4.1 m NSN 2320-01-552-7793
M1093 A0 – MTV Cargo-airdrop LVAD
M1094 A0 – MTV Dump-airdrop LVAD
M1095 A1/A1R/A1P2 – Trailer, MTV Cargo NSN 2320-01-449-1776
M1096 A0/A1/A1R/A1P2 – MTV LWB Chassis 4.5 m NSN 2320-01-552-7796
M1140 A1/A1R HIMARS High Mobility Artillery Rocket System, launcher chassis
M1147 LHS (palletized) Load Handling System Trailer NSN 2320-01-508-7887
M1148 A1R/A1P2 LHS (palletized) Load Handling System Truck, eight metric tonnes / 8.8-ton NSN 2320-01-557-4546
M1157 A1R/A1P2 10-ton Dump NSN 2320-01-552-7787
M1157 A1R/A1P2 10-ton Dump with winch NSN 2320-01-552-7782
XM1160 10-ton MEADS air defence chassis (5.5 m wheelbase )
Mongoose Mobile Launcher Chassis (MLC) (cancelled)
M1273 A1P2 MTV 10-ton chassis NSN 2320-01-621-6239
MHE: material handling equipment
RSV: re-supply vehicle
LHS: load handling system
LWB: long wheelbase
Armored cabs and fully armored derivatives
Current and recent operational scenarios call for logistic trucks of the FMTV type to have at least the option of cab armoring. When it entered production, armoring was not considered an option for the FMTV.
The first protection solution for the FMTV was not in answer to such scenarios, but was developed by Stewart & Stevenson and O'Gara-Hess & Eisenhardt Armoring Company (OHE). Called the Crew Protected Cab, it was specifically for the HIMARS variant and offered flash and Foreign Object Debris (FOD) protection during launch. Designs followed for an Enhanced Crew Protected Cab, and later an Armor Protected Cab, each adding more ballistic capability against direct fire, artillery burst and mines.
To meet emerging threats on deployed operations, in March 2004 DRS Technical Services was awarded a $16.3 million contract to provide 272 armor protection kits for the FMTV. A total of 1,862 kits are understood to have been produced in total. These kits were based around ballistic-protection panels installed on standard FMTV cabs.
In answer to demands for greater crew protection, BAE Systems developed the Low Signature Armored Cab (LSAC) for all variants of the FMTV. The LSAC replaced the standard FMTV cab (with which it shares internals) in a remove and replace operation.
To meet the US Army's current Long Term Armor Strategy (LTAS) for armored cabs, BAE Systems developed the LTAS cab for the FMTV. BAE Systems states that it produced over 9,000 LTAS cabs for the FMTV A1P2 variant. All Oshkosh FMTV vehicles include the company's own LTAS-compliant armor solution.
LTAS is based around the A and B kit principles, this allowing for vehicles to be armored as required, and with the add-on applique package adaptable to prevailing threats and upgradeable as new armoring technologies emerge. The A-Kit, which includes a new cab, modifies the FMTV to allow the addition of armour; the B-Kit being the bulk of the armor itself.
The Caiman Mine Resistant Ambush Protected (MRAP) vehicle is based on the MTV A1R platform. The United States Marines placed an initial order with the then Armor Holdings for 1,170 Caiman in July 2007. In total 2,868 Caiman were ordered, with deliveries completed during November 2008. BAE Systems unveiled the Caiman MultiTerrain Vehicle (MTV) at AUSA in Winter 2010. The Caiman MTV is a modified version of the base Caiman that features a revised driveline, new chassis and upgraded fully independent suspension. BAE Systems received contracts to upgrade 2,071 (1,700 + 371) Camian to Caiman MTV standard, these upgrades completed Q1/Q2 2014. Post-Afghanistan no Caiman MRAPs have been retained by U.S. armed forces, although some have been transferred to U.S. law enforcement agencies. Others have been offered as Excess Defense Articles (EDA) to Iraq, Jordan, Nigeria and the United Arab Emirates (UAE).
BAE Systems unveiled the Caiman Light (CLT) in 2008, a five-man 4x4 version of the Caiman. To meet the Iraqi Light Armored Vehicle Requirement (ILAV) BAE Systems offered a fully armored LMTV on which the LSAC cab was extended rearwards into a troop carrying body. Neither of these proposals entered production.
Prototype and developmental FMTVs
Working with Multidrive an LMTV was integrated with a powered companion trailer to produce a C-130 Hercules transportable vehicle with a 15,000 kg payload.
The FMTV Hybrid Hydraulic Vehicle (HHV) was selected as the test platform for the development of a hybrid hydraulic propulsion system.
The FMTV was selected as the platform to demonstrate that a 155 mm M777 howitzer and prime mover could, for the first time, be deployed in the same C-130 aircraft.
Stewart & Stevenson produced five hybrid electric FMTVs, each tailored for a specific application.
Stewart & Stevenson developed an 11-ton FMTV A1 demonstrator to demonstrate the growth potential of the FMTV family and C4ISR integration potential, via technology insertions, while retaining maximum commonality with the current FMTV fleet. A second vehicle with a tilt-type loadbed was also developed as part of the aborted Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) requirement. A 13-ton demonstrator then followed.
Stewart & Stevenson developed a 13-ton Medium Tactical Truck Demonstrator (MTTD) that incorporated many of the technologies and capabilities that the Army then envisioned for its future trucks.
A number of 8x8 FMTVs have also been developed, these including examples for Australia's Land 121 (awarded to Rheinmetall MAN Military Vehicles (RMMV)), a 13-ton demonstrator with a load handling system, and a pair of chassis as part of the Future Tactical Truck System (FTTS) undertaking.
Oshkosh Corporation unveiled the FMTV Enhanced Protection & Mobility Demonstrator (EPMD) during 2012. The FMTV EPMD is fitted with Oshkosh's TAK-4 independent suspension system and a custom-fitted Oshkosh Underbody Improvement Kit (UIK).
To help inform the U.S. Army's FMTV A2 acquisition strategy and performance upgrade requirements Nevada Automotive Test Center was awarded a contract in 2014 to manufacture and test two FMTV Technology Demonstrators. These are based on government-supplied M1157 A1P2 10-ton Dump chassis produced by Oshkosh, but upgraded by NATC. Testing concluded in February 2016.
FMTV A2 requirement
Early in 2014 the U.S. Army's Program Executive Officer for Combat Support and Combat Service Support (CS CSS) had suggested that the Army would be seeking a new medium truck family in the mid-2020s. On 13 October 2016 the U.S. Army solicited proposals for the FMTV A2 rebuy competition.
The FMTV A2 request for proposals (RfP) stated the program would seek "to integrate higher capacity suspension, wheels, and tires; integrate underbody protection; increase engine power; integrate higher capacity alternator; integrate data bus upgrade; and integrate safety enhancements". The winner of the contract would be asked to integrate such upgrades; build the vehicles, trailers, and kits; and provide program, maintenance, and logistics support. According to the RfP, the FMTV A2 contract is expected to cover five ordering years with two additional one-year option periods for a potential total of 2,400 vehicles if all options are exercise. In a subsequent statement, an Army spokesman said the RfP "includes an estimated quantity of approximately 2,400 new production vehicles. However, the actual quantities in any future award are undetermined and will depend on proposed pricing for this quantity, army requirements, and available funding."
Oshkosh announced on 8 May 2017 that the company had submitted a proposal in response to the RfP for the Family of Medium Tactical Vehicles (FMTV) A2 production effort. At this point, the U.S. Army anticipated a contract award announcement in the second quarter of fiscal year 2018 and stated that the next generation FMTV A2 would comprise 16 models and three trailers.
The Army announced on 7 February 2018 that it had selected Oshkosh to build to FMTV A2. The initial estimated contract value is $476.2 million with no cap on the number of vehicles the Army may purchase. The firm fixed price contract covers a five-year ordering period plus two additional one-year options. The estimated date of completion has previously been quoted as February 2022. Both Oshkosh and AM General submitted bids for the requirement. Following the FMTV A2 award Oshkosh initially built and delivered vehicles in support of Production Verification Testing (PVT), Live Fire Testing (LFT) and logistics development. In August 2021, it was announced by Oshkosh that the Army's Tank-Automotive and Armaments Command (TACOM) Life Cycle Management Command (LCMC) had awarded the company a $152 million delivery order for 541 FMTV A2. The Army is expected to begin fielding the A2 FMTV variant in June 2023.
FMTV A2 variants are:
M1078A2 LMTV cargo, CARGO
M1079A2 LMTV Van TRUCK, VAN
M1080A2 LMTV Chassis CHASSIS, TRUCK
M1082 Trailer TRAILER, Cargo, LMTV
M1083A2 MTV Cargo TRUCK, CARGO
M1084A2 MTV Cargo with MHE TRUCK, CARGO
M1085A2 MTV Cargo LWB TRUCK, CARGO
M1086A2 MTV LWB Cargo with MHE TRUCK,
M1087A2 MTV Expansible Van TRUCK, VAN
M1088A2 MTV Tractor TRUCK TRACTOR
M1089A2 MTV Wrecker TRUCK, WRECKER
M1092A2 MTV Chassis CHASSIS, TRUCK
M1095 Trailer TRAILER, Cargo, MTV XXXX-XX-
M1096A2 MTV LWB Chassis CHASSIS, TRUCK
M1147 Trailer, LHST TRAILER, FMTV Load Handling
M1148A2 LHS Truck TRUCK, MATERIALS HANDLING CONTAINER HOISTING
M1157A2 10 Ton Dump TRUCK, DUMP XXXX-
M1157A2 10 Ton Dump with winch TRUCK, DUMP
M1273A2 10 Ton Dump Chassis CHASSIS,
Gallery
(Production FMTVs are presented in U.S. Army M number sequence)
Operators
Specific details of FMTV export orders are seldom officially announced, with a large quantity of deliveries covered by assorted US Foreign Military Sales (FMS) awards.
Djibouti, Lebanon and Romania were three countries listed as possible future recipients of FMTVs in a June 2019 US DoD FMS delivery announcement, with Romania and Lebanon since confirmed.
Afghan National Army (no details available)
Argentine Army (est. 36 M1083 A1P2 + 7 M1148)
Canadian Army (M1148 + LSAC in 2006)
Cameroon Army (2 × FMTV A1P2 6×6 in 2018; These were delivered under a USD378 million contract awarded in 2016. The order covers 1,543 FMTVs for Cameroon, Iraq, and Somalia, but does not say how many each country will receive)
Hellenic Army (300 est. Prior to 2003)
Djibouti Army (no details available)
Iraqi Army (Deliveries will include trucks under a USD378 million contract awarded in 2016. The order covers 1,543 FMTVs for Cameroon, Iraq, and Somalia, but does not say how many each country will receive))
Israeli Army (Order for 200 announced January 2017)
Royal Jordanian Army (>100 since 2006 inc. HIMARS)
Lebanese Army (2021; 100 to be delivered – 2.5- and 5-ton)
New Zealand Army (prior to 2003; M1089 wrecker)
Romanian Army (HIMARS)
Royal Saudi Air Defense (est. 100 Patriot support vehicles)
Singapore Army (HIMARS)
(A USD378 million contract was awarded to Oshkosh in 2016 that covers 1,543 FMTVs for Cameroon, Iraq, and Somalia. The award does not say how many each country will receive, and actual deliveries to Somalia are to be confirmed)
Republic of China Army (deliveries in 1996 and 2011)
Royal Thai Army (deliveries in 1996; cargo)
United Arab Emirates (>20 HIMARS)
United States Army (includes Army National Guard and United States Marine Corps; BAE Systems and legacy companies – 74,000 trucks and trailers; Oshkosh Corporation – 36,200 trucks and trailers)
(users of the FMTV-based Caiman MRAP are not included)
See also
BAE Caiman MRAP – based on FMTV chassis and automotives
M939 series trucks – previous U.S. Army 5-ton truck
M809 series trucks Previous U.S. Army 5-ton truck (remained in use alongside successor M939 series)
M35 series trucks – previous U.S. Army 2.5-ton truck
Oshkosh MTVR
Heavy Expanded Mobility Tactical Truck
Palletized load system
Logistics Vehicle System (LVS)
Leyland 4-tonne truck
RMMV HX range of trucks
Navistar 7000 series—based on International Workstar chassis
References
Further reading
2012 US Army Weapon System Handbook (B&W),
FMTV Trucks in Detail: M1078, M1083 and M1084 Variants & M198 Howitzer: Photo Manual for Modelers,
Jane's Land Warfare Platforms 2015–2016: Logistics, Support & Unmanned,
Jane's Land Warfare Platforms 2014–2015: Logistics, Support & Unmanned,
Jane's Land Warfare Platforms: Logistics, Support & Unmanned 2014–2015
Jane's Military Vehicles & Logistics 1998–1999',
Modern U.S. Military Vehicles'' by Fred Crismon,
(vol. 1 of 2) and (vol. 2 of 2)
External links
Oshkosh Defense FMTV
Fox 11 News; 10,000 Oshkosh FMTVs
Stewart & Stevenson FMTV
Global Security's description
FMTV Technical Manuals FMTV Technical Library
US Army Technical Manuals at Liberated Manuals.com
Military trucks of the United States
Oshkosh vehicles
Military vehicles introduced in the 1990s |
4005962 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20%28Norwegian%20police%20unit%29 | Delta (Norwegian police unit) | Beredskapstroppen (), callsign "Delta", is the police tactical unit of the Norwegian Police Service. Its members are trained to perform dangerous operations such as high-risk arrests and hostage situations. It is organizationally part of Oslo Police District, but is responsible for the whole country, including oil installations in the North Sea.
The unit has participated in several incidents including the Torp hostage crisis at Sandefjord Airport, Torp on 29 September 1994, the aftermath of the NOKAS robbery and the 2011 Norway attacks. The members have a wider variety of weapons than the ordinary police force, including SIG Sauer P226 pistols and Diemaco C8 rifles. Members spend half their time training and preparing for missions and the remaining participating in ordinary law enforcement work in Oslo.
History
Operations
According to Delta's web site, they conduct in average almost one armed operation every day. In 2004, for instance, they conducted 422 armed missions and only fired their weapons twice.
One of Delta's most dramatic missions was the Torp hostage crisis, where an elderly couple and two police officers were taken hostages by two criminals. In the end of the two-day drama, Delta executed a rescue operation rescuing all of the hostages and killing one hostage taker and arresting the other. In the aftermath of the fatal NOKAS robbery, Delta arrested many suspects involved with the robbery. Since October 2006, Delta has focused their operations against gang crime in the capital of Oslo and arrested many criminals and seized many weapons used by the gangs.
2011 Oslo / Utøya attacks
Delta were first responders at Utøya and subsequently apprehended Anders Behring Breivik, the perpetrator of the 2011 Norway attacks in Oslo and Utøya on 22 July 2011.
Deployment in Special Team Six
Members of the unit have been deployed in Special Team Six (ST6), a multinational United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo (UNMIK) police tactical unit, many times. One of the unit's most important tasks was to arrest war criminals. According to one of the Delta operators, during a rescue mission, grenades and bullets flew over their heads while ST6 rescued 50-60 persons from furious Albanians. This incident was a rescue of United Nations personnel trapped in a building. ST6 was commanded by a Norwegian operator from Delta during this mission and during the period January–July 2004. Beredskapstroppen has had personnel deployed in ST6 ever since its foundation.
Equipment
Weapons
Heckler & Koch P30 semi-automatic pistol
SIG Sauer P226 semi-automatic pistol
SIG Sauer P320 semi-automatic pistol
Heckler & Koch MP5 submachine gun
Diemaco C8 assault rifle
SCAR-H battle rifle
SIG-Sauer SSG 3000 sniper rifle
Barrett MRAD sniper rifle
HK169 grenade launcher/less-lethal weapon
Remington 870 pump-action shotgun for door breaching
Vehicles
The unit frequently drove unmarked Mercedes Geländewagen, marked and unmarked Chevrolet Suburbans, Unmarked BMW X5s and marked and unmarked Volvo V70s. Delta has recently started utilizing new 2009 Mercedes MLs and armoured Toyota Landcruisers as a replacement for the older Volvo V70 and Chevrolet Suburban. Delta also has two Rigid-hulled inflatable boats. The type has three engines with a total of 675 HP. For air transport Delta mainly make use of military Bell 412 SP from the Royal Norwegian Air Force. In 2020 Delta adopted new unmarked Volvo XC90's for formal protection details.
Other
The operators use a special type of visor on their helmets which can withstand 9mm bullets. The French National Gendarmerie Intervention Group also reportedly use this visor. The unit uses a gas mask with a closed system (rebreather). They use advanced equipment to determine the type of chemicals they are up against. Their uniforms differ slightly from those normally worn by the men and women of the Norwegian Police Service; instead of the normal black pants and blue shirts they wear black jumpsuits.
References
Government agencies established in 1976
1976 establishments in Norway
Law enforcement in Norway
Non-military counterterrorist organizations |
4005967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Ellis%20%28rugby%29 | Marc Ellis (rugby) | Marc Christopher Gwynne Ellis (born 8 October 1971) is a New Zealand businessman, television presenter, and former rugby union and rugby league footballer who played in the 1990s and 2000s. A graduate of the University of Otago, his primary business interest was in Charlie's, a juice company. During the 1995 Rugby World Cup he scored six tries in the game against Japan, which is the record for the most tries by an individual in a Rugby World Cup match.
NPC
Ellis started out for Otago in the NPC in 1991 when he was playing for the club side University, and he was selected for the NZ Colts. He made a name for himself while playing for Otago, which earned him All Black selection in 1992. Ellis stayed with Otago until 1995 when he switched code to rugby league. In 1998, after two seasons of league, Ellis played for North Harbour in the NPC, where he remained for another two seasons. Ellis played his last season of NPC in 2000 for North Harbour.
All Blacks
Ellis first played for the All Blacks in 1992, against a South Australian Invitation XV, then against Australian club and invitation sides. He scored two tries in his first test, in 1993, at first five-eighth against Scotland, won 51–15 by the All Blacks. A week later he was selected for the test against England where he also played first five. Ellis played his last match of 1993 against the Barbarians. For the 1994 season, Ellis was not selected for the All Blacks and did not attend the NZ trial due to injury, but he did play for the New Zealand XV and New Zealand Universities sides. In 1995 Ellis was re-called to the All Blacks for the World Cup, playing five games on the wing. He scored seven tries in the tournament, six of them in the 145–17 win over Japan.
Rugby league
At the end of the 1995 season Ellis switched to league to play for the Auckland Warriors where he joined his All Blacks teammate John Kirwan. Ellis was Warrior number 29 when he played his first match in 1996. He played for the Warriors between 1996 and 1998, playing in 36 matches and scoring 103 points through 11 tries, 29 goals and 1 field goal.
Ellis also represented the New Zealand national rugby league team, the Kiwis, in 5 matches.
Super 12
Ellis missed out on the first few seasons of the Super 12 due to his rugby league career, but when he returned to rugby union in 1998 it was only a short time before he was into the Super 12. After playing a solid season for North Harbour in the NPC Ellis was picked for the Blues, where he played one season. In 1999, after strong seasons with North Harbour and the Blues, Ellis was named in one of the early training squads for the 1999 Rugby World Cup, but he was not selected in the final team and played for NZ A instead. In 2000 Ellis played his final Super 12 season for the Highlanders before retiring from rugby.
Post playing career
In the early 2000s, Ellis was a popular figure on New Zealand television, often appearing alongside fellow former rugby union and league player Matthew Ridge, notably on light-hearted documentaries. In 2004, as part of a one such programme, Ellis took part in and won the famous and eccentric British annual event, the Cooper's Hill Cheese-Rolling and Wake.
From 1996 to 2005 Ellis was a regular presenter on the TV2 talk show SportsCafe, where he was known for his "larrikin" personality. In 2003 he inaugurated the mock public holiday "National Nude Day" by challenging viewers to streak in front of then Prime Minister Helen Clark.
In 2006, he released his autobiography Crossing the Line, which details all aspects of his life. Ellis has since co-authored Good Fullas: A Guide to Kiwi Blokes, released in 2010 with friend and New Zealand Consul General to Italy, Charlie Haddrell.
In 2010 the Gardens Tavern, then a popular student pub in North Dunedin, was advertised for sale; Ellis attempted to buy it but was outbid by the University of Otago, who converted it into a study centre. The university student magazine Critic alleges that the University bought it for the specific purpose of keeping it out of Ellis' hands.
Controversy
In 2005, Ellis purchased ecstasy tablets from a drug dealer who was under surveillance by the New Zealand Police. Ellis was among many high-profile figures caught in the operation, code-named Aqua. His court appearance put an end to a poorly-kept secret, as despite the fact he had originally obtained name suppression, his identity was widely known by the New Zealand public. Ellis was fined $300.
On 15 November 2007, as part of an elaborate marketing ploy for his latest business venture, Ellis detonated 600 kg of explosives on top of Rangitoto Island, a nature reserve in Auckland's Waitematā Harbour. This was an attempt to create an illusion that the volcanic island was erupting. The New Zealand Department of Conservation described the stunt as "demoralising and very disappointing". There is a total fire ban on the island because of ecological significance.
References
External links
Marc Ellis at rugbymuseum.co.nz
The Listener 2004 Power List: Ellis is listed as no. 49. Retrieved 27 August 2005.
Sports Comedy Shows and New Lad Culture in NZ. Retrieved 30 November 2006 from www.sportsfreak.co.nz.
Marc Ellis joins the Hare Krishnas New Zealand Herald- 27 May 2007
Vodafone Warriors 1995-2008 (Player Roster)
Marc's bloke spotting - Sunday Star Times 15 August 2010
goodfullas.co.nz
Marc Ellis Good Fullas Marc Ellis And Charlie Hadd at nzwomansweekly.co.nz
Statistics at en.espn.co.uk
1971 births
Dual-code rugby internationals
Highlanders (rugby union) players
Living people
New Zealand businesspeople
New Zealand international rugby union players
New Zealand national rugby league team players
New Zealand naturists
New Zealand rugby league players
New Zealand rugby union players
New Zealand Warriors players
North Harbour rugby union players
Otago rugby union players
People educated at Wellington College (New Zealand)
Rugby league fullbacks
Rugby league wingers
Rugby union wings
Social nudity advocates
University of Otago alumni
People educated at Wellesley College, New Zealand |
4005970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Druzhba | Druzhba |
Eastern Europe localities
Druzhba (city), a city in Sumy Oblast, Ukraine
Druzhba, Chernihiv Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Chernihiv Oblast, Ukraine
Druzhba, Ternopil Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Ternopil Oblast, Ukraine
Druzhba, Zhytomyr Oblast, an urban-type settlement in Zhytomyr Oblast, Ukraine
Druzhba, the Russian name of the city of Dostyk, Kazakhstan
Druzhba, Vidin Province, a village in Vidin Province, Bulgaria
Druzhba, Russia, the name of several rural localities in Russia
Hotel Družba in Prague
Other uses
1621 Druzhba, an asteroid
Druzhba pipeline, the world's longest oil pipeline stretching from Central Russia to Central Europe
Druzhba (ship)
Druzhba-84 or Druzhba Games or Friendship Games, an international multisport event that was held in 1984 in nine different countries
Druzhba (brand), a Russian chainsaw brand
Druzhba-78, a former ice hockey team based in Kharkiv, Ukraine. |
4005972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican%20amberwing | Mexican amberwing | The Mexican amberwing (Perithemis intensa) is a dragonfly of the family Libellulidae, native to the southwestern United States and Mexico.
References
External links
Mexican amberwing at AzOdes
Libellulidae
Odonata of North America
Insects of Mexico
Insects of the United States
Fauna of the Southwestern United States
Insects described in 1889 |
4005981 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indian%20Home%20Guard | Indian Home Guard | The Indian Home Guard was a series of volunteer infantry regiments recruited from the Five Civilized Tribes of the Indian Territory to support the Union during the American Civil War. There was also a series of Confederate units of Indian Territory.
The leaders of all of the Five Civilized Tribes signed treaties with the Confederacy at the start of the Civil War. Many of the tribal members, however, did not support the Confederacy, and, not being organized, were driven from Indian Territory with a large loss of life. Most fled to Kansas and Missouri. Many of the "Loyal" Indians volunteered for Union duty in order to get control back from the Confederate generals. The Indian Home Guard regiments fought mostly in Indian Territory and Arkansas. It was mainly due to these Loyal Indians that the Five Civilized Tribes were able to retain any of their lands following the end of the Civil War.
Indian Home Guard Regiments
1st Regiment, Indian Home Guard
Organized at Le Roy, Kansas on May 22, 1862, it included Major William Addison Phillips.
2nd Regiment, Indian Home Guard
Organized on Big Creek and at Five-Mile Creek, Kansas, June 22 to July 18, 1862. "Concurrently with the 1st Regiment of Indian Home Guards in May 1862, this regiment, commanded by Colonel John Ritchie, consisted of one company each of Delaware, Kickapoo, Quapaw, Seneca, and Shawnee, two companies of Osage, and two of Cherokee. It took longer to organize, due to the political disagreements of the various government agents involved in the negotiations. They were attached to the first Indian Expedition given the task of clearing the territory north of the Arkansas River of Confederates. Lack of support from higher command, as well as in-fighting" among the colonels, caused the expedition to be withdrawn."
3rd Regiment, Indian Home Guard
The Third Regiment was formed at Tahlequah and Park Hill in July 1862. It was commanded by Colonel William A. Phillips, promoted from Major in the 1st Regiment. Many of its troops had previously fought for the Confederate Army, particularly the First Cherokee Mounted Rifles that had been commanded by Colonel John Drew.
4th Regiment, Indian Home Guard
Organization commenced but not completed. Men transferred to other organizations.
See also
Indian Territory in the American Civil War
Indian cavalry
Indian Scouts
Choctaw in the American Civil War
Cherokee in the American Civil War
References
Bibliography
Abel, Annie Heloise. The American Indian in the Civil War 1862–1865. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 1992. .
Connole, Joseph. The Civil War and the Subversion of American Indian Sovereignty"]. Jefferson, NC: McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers, 2017
Lause, Mark A.[https://www.amazon.com/Race-Radicalism-Union-Army-Lause/dp/0252079256/ref=tmm_pap_swatch_0?_encoding=UTF8&qid=&sr= Race and Radicalism in the Union Army". Urbana and Chicago: University of Illinois Press, 2009.}}
Warde, Mary Jane. 'Now the Wolf Has Come': The Civilian Civil War in the Indian Territory. The Chronicles of Oklahoma, Vol 71 (Spring 1993).
External links
The Civil War Archive—Indian Troops
Junto Society
Encyclopedia of Oklahoma History and Culture - Indian Home Guard
Oklahoma Digital Maps: Digital Collections of Oklahoma and Indian Territory
Irregular forces of the American Civil War
Arkansas in the American Civil War
Kansas in the American Civil War
History of the Cherokee
Indian Territory in the American Civil War
Native Americans in the American Civil War
1862 establishments in the United States
Units and formations of the Union Army from Indian Territory |
4005982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston%20North%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 | Preston North (UK Parliament constituency) | Preston North was a parliamentary constituency in Lancashire, which returned one Member of Parliament (MP) to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created by the House of Commons (Redistribution of Seats) Act 1949 for the 1950 general election by division of the former two-seat Preston constituency, and abolished for the 1983 general election. Some of the constituency's former territory was then incorporated within a new single-seat Preston constituency, and parts of Preston North became elements within Fylde and Ribble Valley.
The modern Preston is a safe seat for Labour, but historically Preston North was one of the most marginal constituencies in the country.
Boundaries
1950–1974: The County Borough of Preston wards of Deepdale, Fishwick, Moorbrook, Park, and Ribbleton, and the Urban District of Fulwood.
1974–1983: The County Borough of Preston wards of Deepdale, Fishwick, Moorbrook, Park, St Matthew's, and Ribbleton, and the Urban District of Fulwood. The constituency boundaries remained unchanged.
Members of Parliament
Ronald Atkins (Labour) and Robert Atkins (Conservative) are unrelated.
Election results
Elections in the 1950s
Elections in the 1960s
Elections in the 1970s
See also
Wyre and Preston North
Preston (UK Parliament constituency)
Ribble Valley
References
Parliamentary constituencies in North West England (historic)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1950
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1983
Politics of Preston |
4005984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Clarke%20%28croquet%20player%29 | Chris Clarke (croquet player) | Chris Clarke (born 1971 in Lancashire) is an English croquet player who has been ranked among the world's top players since the late 1980s. He now represents New Zealand. Chris has won two World Championships in Association Croquet, in 1995 and again in 2008, six AC World Team Champs and one GC World Team Champs. 2008 was perhaps Chris's finest year, overtaking previous world champions Robert Fulford and Reg Bamford to regain the position of world number one player, which he held for in excess of 16 months. He also reached the semi-finals of the WCF Golf Croquet World Championships in March 2008 in Cape Town, South Africa and led the English team to the finals of the 2009 European team championships.
Clarke now lives in Christchurch, New Zealand. On 30 January 2008 he was married to Jenny Clarke (née Williams), who plays for New Zealand. The pair were therefore due to be on opposing sides when Great Britain played New Zealand in the 2010 MacRobertson Shield, before Clarke withdrew with a back injury.
In October 2012, Clarke returned to competitive association croquet singles, having won multiple Open doubles titles in the meantime as well as GC singles events where he rose to world number 2. In November 2012, he completed the requisite ten matches needed to return to the world rankings, which he did in first place. Clarke switched to represent New Zealand following his controversial non-selection for England's golf croquet squad, and was a member of their victorious 2014 MacRobertson Shield team, playing at number 1 where he was the winningmost player in the event.
In 2016, Clarke played his last International event involving singles when he captained NZ to win the GC World Championship, once again being the winningmost player in the event. This victory made Clarke the first player to win three of the four WCF Open World Titles. He finished his career having won 9 World titles and never having lost a major International Test Match.
Start of career
Clarke started playing croquet while a 13-year-old student at Queen Elizabeth's Grammar School, Blackburn under the coaching of French teacher Andrew Bennet.
Achievements
World Ranking at 1 August 2005: 2
World Ranking at 18 November 2007: 3
World Ranking at 29 July 2008: 1
World Ranking at 29 June 2009: 1
World Ranking at 20 November 2012: 1
World Ranking at 20 August 2014: 1
World Croquet Federation World Championships:
2008 - Winner
2005 - 1st Round
2002 - Quarter final
2001 - 2nd Round
1995 - Winner
1994 - Finalist
1992 - 1st Round
1991 - Semi Final
1990 - 1st Round
1989 - 4th Round
5-times President's Cup winner.
Represented Great Britain in five MacRobertson Shield competitions (captain in 1996), and New Zealand once.
Chris has won 10 British Open Doubles titles (9 with Robert Fulford).
He has won the British Opens Singles title in 1997, British Men's Championships in 2005, Sonoma-Cutrer World Croquet Championship in 1997.
2006
Winner South Island Doubles (with Jenny Williams)
Runner-up South Island Singles
Winner New Zealand Open Doubles (with Robert Fulford)
Winner Australian Open Doubles (with Robert Fulford)
Winner British Men's Championships
Winner Australian Open Singles
Winner New Zealand Golf Croquet Open
2007
Winner New Zealand Open Singles
Winner New Zealand Open Doubles (with Jenny Williams)
Winner South Island Doubles (with JW)
Winner South Island Singles
Winner Championship of Surrey
Winner British Mixed Doubles Championships (with JW)
External links
Current World Rankings
English croquet players
Living people
1971 births |
4005990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asian%20TV%20Cup | Asian TV Cup | The Asian TV Cup is a Go competition.
Outline
The Asian TV Cup is the oldest continental tournament, dating back to 1989. The winners and runner ups of the biggest hayago competitions from Asia (Japan: NHK Cup, Korea: KBS Cup, China: CCTV Cup) battle in the biggest hayago tournament of all.
Past winners
See also
Asian TV Cup at Go News
Asian TV Cup at the Nihon Ki-in website (in Japanese)
Go competitions in Asia
China–Japan–South Korea relations |
4005993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elonka | Elonka | Elonka may refer to:
Elonka Dunin (b. 1958), American game developer and author of books and articles on cryptography
Stephen Michael Elonka (d. 1983), author of numerous technical books, and creator of the fictional engineer Marmaduke Surfaceblow
Elonka, aboriginal name for Marsdenia australis, an Australian fruit and the associated totem
See also
Ilonka (disambiguation) |
4006014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Langlois%20Lefroy | Thomas Langlois Lefroy | Thomas Langlois Lefroy (8 January 1776 – 4 May 1869) was an Irish-Huguenot politician and judge. He served as an MP for the constituency of Dublin University in 1830–1841, Privy Councillor of Ireland in 1835–1869 and Lord Chief Justice of Ireland in 1852–1866.
Early life
Thomas Lefroy was born in Limerick, Ireland. He had an outstanding academic record at Trinity College Dublin, from 1790 to 1793. His great-uncle, Benjamin Langlois, sponsored Tom's legal studies at Lincoln's Inn, London. One year later, Lefroy served as Auditor of Trinity's College Historical Society, the still-active debating society of the college. Later still, he became a prominent member of the Irish bar (having been called to it in 1797) and published a series of Law Reports on the cases of the Irish Court of Chancery.
Tom Lefroy and Jane Austen
In 1796, Lefroy who was merely 23 days younger, began a flirtation with Jane Austen, who was a friend of an older female relative. Jane Austen wrote two letters to her sister Cassandra mentioning "Tom Lefroy", and some have suggested that it may have been he whom Austen had in mind when she invented the character of Mr. Darcy in Pride and Prejudice, as the courtship between Tom Lefroy and Jane Austen took place over the year or so that Pride and Prejudice was written. In his 2003 biography, Becoming Jane Austen, Jon Spence suggests that Jane Austen actually used her and Tom LeFroy's personalities as the models for Mr. Darcy and Elizabeth Bennet, but not in an expected way. Spence suggests that Jane Austen used Tom Lefroy's more gregarious personality as the model for the novel's heroine Elizabeth Bennet, and her own measured demeanor was used as the model for the male protagonist, Mr. Darcy.
In a letter dated Saturday (9 January 1796), Austen mentioned:
You scold me so much in the nice long letter which I have this moment received from you, that I am almost afraid to tell you how my Irish friend and I behaved. Imagine to yourself everything most profligate and shocking in the way of dancing and sitting down together. I can expose myself however, only once more, because he leaves the country soon after next Friday, on which day we are to have a dance at Ashe after all. He is a very gentlemanlike, good-looking, pleasant young man, I assure you. But as to our having ever met, except at the three last balls, I cannot say much; for he is so excessively laughed at about me at Ashe, that he is ashamed of coming to Steventon, and ran away when we called on Mrs. Lefroy a few days ago.. . .After I had written the above, we received a visit from Mr. Tom Lefroy and his cousin George. The latter is really very well-behaved now; and as for the other, he has but one fault, which time will, I trust, entirely remove — it is that his morning coat is a great deal too light. He is a very great admirer of Tom Jones, and therefore wears the same coloured clothes, I imagine, which he did when he was wounded.
In a letter started on Thursday (14 January 1796), and finished the following morning, there was another mention of him.
Friday. — At length the day is come on which I am to flirt my last with Tom Lefroy, and when you receive this it will be over. My tears flow as I write at the melancholy idea.
Austen's surviving correspondence contains only one other mention of Tom Lefroy, in a November 1798 letter that Austen biographer Claire Tomalin believes demonstrates the author's "bleak remembrance, and persistent interest" in Lefroy. In the letter to her sister, Austen writes that Tom's aunt Mrs. Lefroy had been to visit, but had not said anything about her nephew...
"...to me, and I was too proud to make any enquiries; but on my father's afterwards asking where he was, I learnt that he was gone back to London in his way to Ireland, where he is called to the Bar and means to practise."
Another possible mention of Lefroy is in Austen's Emma (1815). In chapter 9, Emma Woodhouse and Harriet Smith discuss a poem. Austen may have hidden the word TOLMEYFOR—an anagram of TOM LEFROY—in the poem.
Upon learning of Jane Austen's death (18 July 1817), Lefroy travelled from Ireland to England to pay his respects to the British author. In addition, at an auction of Cadell's papers (possibly in London), one Tom Lefroy bought a Cadell publisher's rejection letter—for Austen's early version of Pride and Prejudice, titled First Impressions. Caroline Austen said in her letter to James Edward Austen-Leigh on 1 April 1869:
I enclose a copy of Mr. Austen's letter to Cadell—I do not know which novel he would have sent—The letter does not do much credit to the tact or courtesy of our good Grandfather for Cadell was a great man in his day, and it is not surprising that he should have refused the favour so offered from an unknown—but the circumstance may be worth noting, especially as we have so few incidents to produce. At a sale of Cadell's papers &c Tom Lefroy picked up the original letter—and Jemima copied it for me –
It was unlikely that Caroline Austen would address the Chief Justice Lefroy as only 'Tom Lefroy' (she indeed addressed him as the still living 'Chief Justice''' in the later part of the letter). However, if it is true that the original Tom Lefroy purchased the Cadell letter after Jane's death, it is possible that he later handed it over to Thomas Edward Preston Lefroy (T.E.P. Lefroy; husband of Jemima Lefroy who was the daughter of Anna Austen Lefroy and Benjamin Lefroy). T.E.P. Lefroy later would give Cadell's letter to Caroline for reference. Cadell & Davies firm was closed down in 1836 after the death of Thomas Cadell Jr. The sale of Cadell's papers took place in 1840, possibly in November.
In the latter years of Tom Lefroy's life, he was questioned about his relationship with Jane Austen by his nephew, and admitted to having loved Jane Austen, but stated that it was a "boyish love". As is written in a letter sent from T.E.P. Lefroy to James Edward Austen Leigh in 1870,
My late venerable uncle ... said in so many words that he was in love with her, although he qualified his confession by saying it was a boyish love. As this occurred in a friendly & private conversation, I feel some doubt whether I ought to make it public.
A fictitious account of their relationship is at the center of the 2007 historical romance film Becoming Jane. In this film, Lefroy is played by James McAvoy and Austen is played by Anne Hathaway.
Political career
Lefroy contested Dublin University in an 1827 by-election, as a Tory, but finished third.
An idea of Lefroy's politics is given by the opening of an editorial in The Times (of London) on Friday 27 February 1829 when he was opposing the Roman Catholic Relief Act 1829, whose effect was to admit Irish Catholics to parliament (if they met a high property qualification).
Lefroy may have been influenced by Huguenot family memories of persecution by French Catholics; this was the case with other opponents of Catholic emancipation such as William Saurin mentioned above.
Richard Lalor Sheil published a profile of Lefroy stating (amongst many hostile remarks on his combination of piety and moneymaking) that Lefroy was well known for his interest in the conversion of Jews to Protestantism, leading Daniel O'Connell to joke during a lawsuit over a collection of antique coins that Lefroy should be given the Hebrew coins as his fee while O'Connell received those with a Roman inscription. Patrick Geoghegan's life of O'Connell, King Dan, states that O'Connell held Lefroy's legal abilities in contempt and regarded him as a prime example of a lawyer promoted above more meritorious Catholics (notably O'Connell himself) because of his Protestant religion and Tory politics.
He was elected to the House of Commons for the Dublin University seat in 1830, as a Tory (the party later became known as Conservative). He became a member of the Privy Council of Ireland on 29 January 1835. In 1838, Thomas Langlois Lefroy received American politician Charles Sumner during Sumner's visit to Ireland. Tom Lefroy continued to represent the university until he was appointed an Irish judge (with the title of a Baron of the Exchequer) in 1841. In 1848 he presided over the sedition trial of the Young Irelander John Mitchel.
He was promoted to Chief Justice of the Court of Queen's Bench in Ireland in 1852. Despite some allegations in Parliament, that he was too old to do the job, Lefroy did not resign as Chief Justice until he was aged 90 and a Conservative government was in office to fill the vacancy. This was in July 1866. One apocryphal story (in the memoirs of the Home Rule MP JG Swift MacNeill) describes Lefroy's son as denying in Parliament that his father was too old to perform his duties, but being himself so visibly old and feeble as to produce the opposite effect on parliamentary opinion. Another version of this story has the son defending his father's capacity although he himself had applied to be excused certain official duties on account of advanced age. The Hansard report of the debate can be found here.
In a satirical pamphlet on the Trinity College Dublin election of 1865 Joseph Sheridan Le Fanu suggests that Lefroy was so old that he had "ridden on the mastodon to hunt the megatherium" and mocks the manner in which the Conservative lawyer-politicians Joseph Napier and James Whiteside allegedly insisted whenever the Conservatives were in power (and might appoint them to replace him) that Lefroy is too old to perform his duties, only to insist whenever a Whig government is in power that he is in perfect health.
Interest in astronomy
Tom Lefroy was also interested in astronomy. On 30 March 1846, he visited William Parsons, the 3rd Earl of Rosse in Parsonstown to try Parsons's new telescope called Leviathan of Parsonstown. Tom later said to his wife (Letter 31 March 1846):
Family
According to the website of (Tom Lefroy's house in Longford, Ireland), the Lefroy family came from the town of Cambrai in the northwestern corner of France. They were a Huguenot family, and one of their heads of the family, the Lord L'Offroy, died at the Battle of Agincourt in 1415.
Tom Lefroy's siblings
Tom Lefroy was born of the Irish Lefroys, descendants of a Huguenot Lefroy who migrated to England in the 16th century, hence the French-sounding name (the family head being a Lord L'Offroy). In 1765, Tom's father (Anthony Peter Lefroy) was secretly married to Ann Gardner in Limerick (Ireland). Five girls were born without Benjamin Langlois (Tom's great uncle and his family's benefactor) knowing it (Radovici mentioned five, but Cranfield mentioned four; it is possible that one of Tom's elder sisters died in infancy). Thomas Langlois Lefroy was the sixth child, also the first son. The list of Tom's siblings (including him) is as follows:
Unnamed fifth elder sister (actual birth order unknown other than being older than Thomas)
Lucy (1 January 1768 – May 1853)
Phoebe (15 April 1770 – 5 December 1839)
Catherine (18 September 1771 – 3 September 1805)
Sarah (18 March 1773 – 1836)
Thomas Langlois (8 January 1776 – 4 May 1869)
Anthony (19 October 1777 – 7 September 1857)
Anthony's son (Thomas Edward Preston Lefroy, 1815–1887) later married Anna Jemima Lefroy (1815–1855, daughter of Anna Austen Lefroy) on 9 September 1846
Elizabeth (17 April 1780 – 22 July 1867)
Benjamin (5 May 1782 – 1 September 1869)
Christopher (26 June 1784 – 14 February 1805)
Anne (26 January 1786 – ?)
Henry (5 May 1789 – 29 January 1876)
Tom Lefroy's children
Tom Lefroy married Mary Paul on 16 March 1799 in north Wales. From their marriage, they had seven children as listed in the Visitation of Ireland:
Anthony Lefroy (21 March 1800 – 11 January 1890), subsequently MP for his father's old seat of Dublin University.
Jane Christmas Lefroy (24 June 1802 – 3 August 1896)
Anne Lefroy (25 April 1804 – 24 February 1885)
Thomas Paul Lefroy (31 December 1806 – 29 January 1891; wrote Memoir of Chief Justice Lefroy, published in 1871)
The Very Rev. Jeffry Lefroy (25 March 1809 – 10 December 1885)
George Thomson Lefroy (26 May 1811 – 19 March 1890)
Mary Elizabeth Lefroy (19 December 1817 – 23 January 1890)
Another son (Benjamin, born 25 March 1815) died in infancy. Tom Lefroy's daughters never married.
Jane Christmas Lefroy
Tom Lefroy's first daughter was named Jane Christmas Lefroy. Scholars debate the derivation of this name. Some believe that the name Jane was derived from Lady Jane Paul (Tom's mother-in-law). Others believe the name referred to Jane Austen. The second theory is implied in the 2007 film Becoming Jane. Christmas was a family name coming from the Paul family
Carrigglas Manor
Carrigglas Manor was a Gothic-style great house built for Lefroy and his family circa 1830 (Memoir of Chief Justice Lefroy). The family had lived in Carrigglas before 1837 (one of Tom's letters for Mary was dated 5 October 1834). James Gandon the famous architect of Dublin's Custom House designed and built a stable block and farmyard and walled garden for Lefroy. In 1837, Lefroy renovated the Manor with the help of Daniel Robertson, Esq., a famous English architect. A hurricane on 6 January 1839 destroyed some parts of the house, and Lefroy had to rebuild it.
The Lefroy family sold the Manor and Estate in 2006. , the plan to adapt the manor house to be part of a newly built hotel, and to turn the park into a golf course and housing estate collapsed and work at Carrigglas was terminated before the hotel or any of the new houses were occupied.
In 2014, the estate was bought by the Longford family and company Glennon's who are the current owners.
Arms
References
Further reading
Who's Who of British members of parliament: Vol. I 1832–1885, edited by Michael Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
Letters of Jane Austen – Brabourne Edition'' available on line at http://www.pemberley.com/janeinfo/brablet1.html#letter1 (The letters are public domain)
Shiel's Sketches of the Irish Bar: Vol. I & II 1880 (Donohue & Henneberry Press, Chicago)
External links
Becoming Jane Fansite: About Tom Lefroy
1776 births
1869 deaths
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Auditors of the College Historical Society
Irish Conservative Party MPs
Irish people of French descent
Jane Austen
Lords Chief Justice of Ireland
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for Dublin University
Members of the Privy Council of Ireland
Politicians from County Limerick
Serjeants-at-law (Ireland)
UK MPs 1832–1835
UK MPs 1835–1837
UK MPs 1837–1841
UK MPs 1841–1847
Burials at Mount Jerome Cemetery and Crematorium |
4006037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Roger Federer defeated Mark Philippoussis in the final, 7–6(7–5), 6–2, 7–6(7–3) to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 2003 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first major title, the first of a record eight Gentleman's singles titles at Wimbledon, and the first of 20 major men's singles titles overall.
Lleyton Hewitt was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to Ivo Karlović. As a result, Hewitt became one of only two defending Wimbledon men's singles champions to lose in the first round of their defence, the other being Manuel Santana, the 1966 champion, who lost in the first round in 1967 to Charlie Pasarell. Hewitt had previously rejected playing the opening Centre Court match in 2002, when Goran Ivanišević withdrew, for fear of the unpredictability of fresh grass.
With the losses of Hewitt, Andre Agassi and Juan Carlos Ferrero in the fourth round, a first-time major champion was guaranteed. This marked the first time in the Open Era that none of the quarterfinalists in a major had previously won a major singles title.
This was also notable for being the first major in which future 22-time major champion and world No. 1 Rafael Nadal competed in the main draw (also the youngest player in the men's singles), in which he lost to Paradorn Srichaphan in the third round. It was also notable for the absence of seven-time Wimbledon champion, Pete Sampras. Sampras did not officially retire until the 2003 US Open, although he did not play in any tournaments after the 2002 US Open.
This was also the first meeting in a major between Federer and Andy Roddick, after which a high profile rivalry was established.
Seeds
Lleyton Hewitt (first round)
Andre Agassi (fourth round)
Juan Carlos Ferrero (fourth round)
Roger Federer (champion)
Andy Roddick (semifinals)
David Nalbandian (fourth round)
Guillermo Coria (first round)
Sjeng Schalken (quarterfinals)
Rainer Schüttler (fourth round)
Tim Henman (quarterfinals)
Jiří Novák (third round)
Paradorn Srichaphan (fourth round)
Sébastien Grosjean (semifinals)
Xavier Malisse (first round)
Arnaud Clément (second round)
Mikhail Youzhny (second round)
Gustavo Kuerten (second round)
Marat Safin (withdrew)
Fernando González (first round)
Yevgeny Kafelnikov (first round)
Martin Verkerk (first round)
Félix Mantilla (first round)
Agustín Calleri (second round)
Albert Costa (withdrew)
Tommy Robredo (third round)
James Blake (second round)
Younes El Aynaoui (third round)
Wayne Ferreira (first round)
Gastón Gaudio (first round)
Jarkko Nieminen (third round)
Vince Spadea (first round)
Juan Ignacio Chela (second round)
Nikolay Davydenko (first round)
Àlex Corretja (withdrew)
Radek Štěpánek (third round)
Albert Costa and Marat Safin withdrew due to injury. They were replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded players Nikolay Davydenko and Àlex Corretja, who became the #33 and #34 seeds respectively. Corretja subsequently withdrew due to personal reasons and was replaced by the next highest non-seeded player Radek Štěpánek, who became the #35 seed.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
2003 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4006045 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ghoul%20%281933%20film%29 | The Ghoul (1933 film) | The Ghoul is a 1933 British horror film starring Boris Karloff and featuring Harold Huth, Dorothy Hyson, Ernest Thesiger, and Cedric Hardwicke; Ralph Richardson made his film debut.
Plot
Professor Henry Morlant (Boris Karloff), a great Egyptologist, thinks that the ancient jewel which he calls the "Eternal Light" will give him powers of rejuvenation if it is offered up to the ancient Egyptian god Anubis. But when Morlant dies, his servant Laing (Ernest Thesiger) steals the jewel. While a gaggle of interlopers, including a disreputable solicitor (Cedric Hardwicke) and a fake parson (Ralph Richardson), descend on the Professor's manor to investigate or steal the jewel for themselves, Morlant returns from the dead ("when the full moon strikes the door of my tomb", he predicted before dying) to kill everyone who has betrayed him.
Cast
Boris Karloff as Professor Henry Morlant, renowned Egyptologist
Cedric Hardwicke as Mr. Broughton, the Professor's solicitor
Ernest Thesiger as Laing, the Professor's clubfooted servant
Dorothy Hyson as Miss Betty Harlon, the Professor's niece and one of his two heirs
Anthony Bushell as Ralph Morlant, the Professor's nephew and one of his two heirs
Kathleen Harrison as Miss Kaney, Miss Betty Harlon's flatmate and movie's comic relief
Harold Huth as Sheikh Aga Ben Dragore, who sold the jewel to the Professor
D. A. Clarke-Smith as Mahmoud
Ralph Richardson as Nigel Hartley, false parson
Jack Raine as Davis, Mr. Broughton's chauffeur (uncredited)
George Relph as Doctor (uncredited)
Release and preservation
Loosely based on a 1928 novel by Frank King (and subsequent play by King and Leonard J. Hines), The Ghoul was produced by Gaumont British and released in the UK in August 1933. Release in the US followed in January 1934, with a reissue in 1938. The film was financially successful in the UK, but performed disappointingly in the US. The only film made during a brief contract dispute with Universal Studios, The Ghoul also marked the first time in over two decades that Karloff had acted in Britain and the British film industry.
Subsequently, the film disappeared and was considered to be a lost film. In 1969, collector William K. Everson located a murky, virtually inaudible subtitled copy, Běs, in then-communist Czechoslovakia. Though missing eight minutes of footage including two violent murder scenes, it was thought to be the only surviving copy of the film. Everson had a 16mm copy made and for years made it available to film societies in England and the United States, including a screening at The New School in New York City in 1975 on a Halloween triple bill with Lon Chaney in The Monster and Bela Lugosi in The Gorilla. Subsequently, The Museum of Modern Art and Janus Film made an archival negative of the Prague print and it went into very limited commercial distribution.
In the early 1980s, a disused and forgotten film vault at Shepperton Studios, its door blocked by stacked lumber, was cleared and yielded the nitrate camera negative of the film in perfect condition. The British Film Institute took possession of the film, new prints were made, and the complete version aired on Channel 4 in the UK. However, the official VHS release from MGM/UA Home Video was of the mutilated Czech copy. In 2003, MGM/UA released the fully restored version of the film on DVD. It was subsequently released in the United Kingdom by Network Distributing, in restored DVD and Blu-Ray editions featuring a new commentary by Kim Newman and Stephen Jones.
Shown on the MeTV show Svengoolie on March 19, 2022.
Later version
What A Carve Up! (1961) is a British comedy-horror film directed by Pat Jackson and starring Sid James, Kenneth Connor, and Shirley Eaton, loosely based on The Ghoul. It was released in the United States as No Place Like Homicide in 1962.
See also
Boris Karloff filmography
List of rediscovered films
References
External links
1933 horror films
1933 films
British black-and-white films
British horror films
English-language films
Films based on adaptations
Films based on British novels
British films based on plays
Films directed by T. Hayes Hunter
Gothic horror films
1930s rediscovered films
Rediscovered British films |
4006054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaphiopus | Scaphiopus | Scaphiopus is a genus of North American amphibian commonly referred to as the North American spadefoots, southern spadefoots, or eastern spadefoot toads. They differ greatly from true toads (those of the family Bufonidae) by having eyes with vertical pupils, no parotoid gland, and relatively smooth skin. Their most distinctive feature is a spade-like projection on their hind feet, from which their common name is derived. This projection enables spadefoot toads to dig in loose soils with ease. Its scientific name means ‘spade-foot’ as well, from the Ancient Greek (, ‘spade, shovel’) and (, ‘foot, leg’).
Species
Scaphiopus species were once classified with their European cousins in the family Pelobatidae, but have since been reclassified to their own family, Scaphiopodidae with other North American species. There are three species in the genus Scaphiopus:
Couch's spadefoot, Scaphiopus couchii Baird, 1854
Eastern spadefoot, Scaphiopus holbrookii (Harlan, 1835)
Hurter's spadefoot, Scaphiopus hurterii , 1910
Geographic range
Spadefoot toads are found throughout the United States and into northern Mexico. They tend to prefer dry, grassland areas with loose, sandy soils that flood in the rainy season.
Description
Scaphiopus are generally colored appropriately with greens and browns to camouflage themselves in their native habitat. At adult size they are usually not much larger than 8 cm.
Behaviour, diet, and reproduction
Spadefoot toads are nocturnal and are rarely seen when it hasn't rained recently. They spend most of the time during the dry season buried in the ground in aestivation. When it rains, they emerge to feed on invertebrates and to breed in vernal pools. They have one of the fastest reproductive cycles of any amphibian species. Once laid, eggs hatch in a matter of a day or two. The tadpoles are capable of developing to froglets within a couple of weeks. This feature is primarily due to fact that most of their breeding areas dry quickly once the rainy season is over.
Related species
Genus Spea, western spadefoot toads
Plains spadefoot, Spea bombifrons (Cope, 1863)
Western spadefoot Spea hammondii (Baird, 1859)
Great Basin spadefoot, Spea intermontana (Cope, 1883)
Mexican spadefoot, Spea multiplicata (Cope, 1863)
References
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by John Edwards Holbrook |
4006056 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramones%3A%20Raw | Ramones: Raw | Ramones: Raw is a DVD of the punk band Ramones. It consists of home video footage from Marky Ramone of the band's extensive touring and backstage footage along with live performances of their best-known songs.
Extras include a 1980 concert filmed in Rome, Italy. It also features the Ramones appearing in a partially ad-libbed skit from Channel 9's The Howard Stern Show and clips from The Uncle Floyd Show.
The commentary to the DVD features Marky Ramone, Johnny Ramone and director John Cafiero together discussing various scenes from the movie.
Certifications
References
2004 live albums
2004 video albums
Live video albums
Ramones live albums
Ramones video albums |
4006080 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantala%20flavescens | Pantala flavescens | Pantala flavescens, the globe skimmer, globe wanderer or wandering glider, is a wide-ranging dragonfly of the family Libellulidae. This species and Pantala hymenaea, the "spot-winged glider", are the only members of the genus Pantala. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1798. It is considered to be the most widespread dragonfly on the planet with good population on every continent except Antarctica although rare in Europe. Globe skimmers make an annual multigenerational journey of some 18,000 km (about 11,200 miles); to complete the migration, individual globe skimmers fly more than 6,000 km (3,730 miles)—one of the farthest known migrations of all insect species.
Characteristics
Structure of the adult
The dragonfly is up to 4.5 cm long, reaching wingspans between 7.2 cm and 8.4 cm. The front side of the head is yellowish to reddish. The thorax is usually yellow to golden coloured with a dark and hairy line. There were also specimens with a brown or olive thorax. The abdomen has a similar colour as the thorax.
The wings are clear and very broad at the base. There, too, there are some specimens with olive, brown and yellow wings. On Easter Island there are wandering gliders with black wings.
The pterostigma turns yellowish. The transparent wings may turn a yellowish shade towards the tip. The chestnut-red eyes take up most of the head, as is usual in the large dragonflies (Anisoptera). The above colours explain the many scientific descriptions of this species under different names.
Females show some differences compared with males. The general rule is, the males have reddish yellow abdomen marked with black whereas the females lack the reddish wash in abdomen. The males have golden yellow patch on base of hindwings and narrow apical brown spot at the hind border of wings. The females lack apical brown patches in wings.
In mainland males, the length of the femur, the longest leg section, varies; they also have longer front and shorter hindwings than the females. The island representatives, however, have the front and hindwings longer than the female, and the femur is the same for both sexes. There are other differences between mainland and island specimens, particularly in terms of colouring. Island representatives are generally darker.
Structure of the larva
The larva is between 24 and 26 mm long. It is light green with light, brown speckles. The round eyes are sideways on the bottom of the head, the abdomen and the tail blunt.
The paired side plates on the eleventh segment of the abdomen, the so-called paraproct, is smooth when seen from the side. The unpaired dorsal plate of the eleventh segment, called the epiproct, is roughly the same length as or longer than the paraproct. This distinguishes them from larvae of the genus Tramea, where the epiproct is shorter than the paraproct. Furthermore, the mouth parts (palpus) have 12–14 bristles and thus fewer than P. hymenaea which has 15–18 bristles.
Similar species
Pantala flavescens may be confused with the P. hymenaea, the "spot-winged glider", but this has a striking brown basal fleck in the hindwing and is generally slightly darker in colour. It might be taken for a member of the genus Tramea but these usually have a distinctive stripe on their hindwings.
Life cycle
Reproduction and development
As is usual in the Libellulidae family, there is no distinct courtship ritual. The females may pair many times, but usually only once a day.
After mating, the migrant dragonflies fly in tandem, with the female ovipositing while the male remains connected. A clutch consists of about 500 to 2000 eggs. The eggs are spheroid in shape with the semi-major axis 0.5 mm and 0.4 mm at the smallest points.
The larvae develop within 38 to 65 days, which allows this migrant dragonfly to reproduce in temporary waters or even in swimming pools. However, the larvae seem to be very sensitive to temperature. The life expectancy is not known and because of their high mobility it is almost impossible to determine.
Food
The larvae of the globe skimmer, like all dragonflies, are predatory. It forages very actively and eats fairly indiscriminately all sorts of aquatic invertebrates, such as aquatic insect larvae and small shrimps (Peracarida). Even tadpoles and small fish are used for food. The imago eats mostly small insects such as mosquitoes, swarming flying ants, and termites.
Flight behaviour
They are very conspicuous dragonflies; seen in swarms over paddy fields, playgrounds or open areas. They fly tirelessly with typical wandering flight for hours without making any perch. Their flight speed is up to 5 m/s. Especially in the autumn, the wandering glider flies in large swarms, using thermals to advantage. One report even speaks of a "cloud" covering 34 km2. They prefer moist winds. In normal flight, island populations keep to 2.5 meters above the ground and stop flying in thermal updraughts. The continental populations fly at altitudes of three to four meters, and do not stop flying even in bad weather. Those on Easter Island have adapted away from their migratory habits because to fly out to the open sea would usually mean certain death.
When landing, it seeks a vertical attitude. Like all large dragonflies, the wings are held out from the body at rest.
Distribution and flight
The globe skimmer, as its name suggests, has a very wide distribution area, between about the 40th parallels of latitude or within the 20 °C isotherm (areas of the world where the annual mean temperature is above 20 degrees Celsius), and up to about the 50th parallel north in North America. In Europe there are only occasional sightings of the species, with credible evidence to date mainly from the Aegean Sea and the adjacent mainland. Globe skimmer records from England or France are doubtful and may arise from co-importation with shipments of bananas. An explanation for the scarcity in Europe of this otherwise common species is the barrier effect of the Sahara which generates unfavourable winds, such as the Sirocco, whose dryness makes dragonfly passage almost impossible.
Their arrival in the subtropics and tropics coincides with the Intertropical Convergence Zone. More evidence of their preference for moist winds is that the dragonfly migrates to Southeast India's Tamil Nadu only after the second monsoon, which brings the rain to that region. In the rest of India, however, it arrives with the first rain-making monsoon. Observations and stable isotope evidence suggests that they migrate from India or beyond to Africa across the Arabian Sea.
It is the highest-flying dragonfly, recorded at in the Himalayas. It was also first dragonfly species that settled on Bikini Atoll after the nuclear tests there. Furthermore, it is the only Odonata on Easter Island. These individuals seem to be a small gene pool, derived from the continental populations, which is slowly creating a new type by genetic drift. In colder areas like South Australia and Southern Canada, the species cannot overwinter and must therefore be replaced by new migrants each year.
According to recent research carried out by biologists at Rutgers University-Newark this species of dragonfly is the world's longest known distance insect traveller. Genetic evidence taken from dragonflies across the globe suggests that these small size insects are travelling vast distances to mate and are thus creating a worldwide gene pool. Another study concluded that Pantala flavescens is a near global panmictic population.
Modelling of dragonfly flight, energy reserves and wind speeds in the Indian Ocean have suggested that Pantala flavescens performs the longest known non-stop migration compared to body size in the animal kingdom. Specifically the theorised migratory route from Male, Maldives to Kap Hafun, Somalia, is >2500 km long and constitutes travelling 50.7 million body lengths of the dragonfly without any possibility of stopping to rest.
Naming
Common name
The English common names "wandering glider" and "globe skimmer" refer to its migratory behaviour. The German name Wanderlibelle means "migrant dragonfly". In Hong Kong, its name translates as "typhoon dragonfly" as it arrives with or shortly before the seasonal rain. The Japanese name is which is translated as "yellow dragonfly with delicate wings". Similarly, the South Korean name is '된장잠자리'(translated as "doenjang dragonfly") because its colour is similar to doenjang, the Korean bean paste.
Scientific name
In the scientific name Pantala flavescens, the genus name Pantala means "all wings", alluding to the big and long wings. The specific name comes from the Latin flavescens, meaning "yellowish", and refers to its distinctive golden tint.
The species was first described in 1798 as Libellula flavescens by Fabricius as follows:
The first description of this underlying holotype is in the Zoological Museum of Copenhagen University taken from a female collected from India. In following years there appeared more descriptions with different names. In 1805, Palisot de Beauvois designated a specimen from Nigeria as Libellula viridula. Around 1823 the British entomologist Dale, in an unpublished manuscript, described an allegedly Norfolk-trapped male as Libellula sparing halli, It is now in the Oxford University Museum of Natural History. In 1839, the German entomologist Burmeister named a male collected in Madras as Libellula analis (now in the Zoological Collection of the University of Halle-Wittenberg) and another male from Brazil as Libellula terminalis (now in the Natural History Museum of Vienna.) In 1910, the field was cleared as Richard Anthony Muttkowski recognized that these species were all synonyms. A description made of Sympetrum tandicola (Singh) 1955 from a male collected in the Himalayas and deposited at the Zoological Survey India, Calcutta, was identified as belonging to Pantala flavescens in 1973.
Protection status
The globe skimmer has NatureServe conservation status G5, meaning it is secure (common, widespread and abundant) worldwide. This status was awarded on 1985. In the United States, it has the national equivalent protection status N5. In Canada, however, it is lower with N4 meaning it is apparently secure – uncommon but not rare but with some cause for long-term concern. Even at this level, it is granted protected status in many states of the US and Canada.
Postage stamps
Due to its wide distribution, the globe skimmer appears on a number of stamps.
On 29 July 1974 Wallis and Futuna published a 45 franc with a dragonfly over a water surface with some plants showing. It has Michel catalog number 257 appearing in a set of insect motifs. On 1975. The Pitcairn Islands published a 15 cent with a dragonfly flying on a dark blue background. Its Miche number is 154, and it also appeared in an insect collection.
Tuvalu brought out a 10 cent on 1983 which shows a globe skimmer. The lithographic illustration was designed by J E Cooter. Its Michel number is 190, and it appeared in a set of dragonflies. The representation was limited to the dragonfly with grasses. Botswana published a six-thebe stamp showing the front of a blue dragonfly on a green background.
Wallis and Futuna published another stamp on 1998, a 36F with the dragonfly shown flying on a yellowish background. It has Michel number 736 and appeared together with other insect motifs.
The latest stamp comes from 2003 and appeared in North Korea. Its value is 15 wŏn and it represents a sedentary globe skimmer on a spike.
Notes
References
Initial descriptions
Secondary literature
Scientific literature and articles
External links
Images
ira reviews
Weitere Bilder
Bilder des Tandemflugs
Bilder vom Schlüpfprozess (Japanese)
Charles Anderson discovers dragonflies that cross oceans, TEDIndia 2009
Libellulidae
Odonata of North America
Odonata of Australia
Odonata of Oceania
Odonata of Asia
Odonata of Africa
Dragonflies of Europe
Insects of the Dominican Republic
Taxa named by Johan Christian Fabricius
Insects described in 1798 |
4006091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penobsquis | Penobsquis | Penobsquis (; 2001 pop.: 1,382) is a Canadian village in New Brunswick.
Penobsquis is a blend of Micmac terms for stone and brook.
History
Animaland Park
Animaland Park, a collection of concrete sculptures of animals that was once a roadside attraction, is located near Penobsquis. In 2018, the land where the park sits was opened as a campground. The statues remain as a feature of the new campground.
Water supply
Penobsquis is the site of a large potash deposit which is mined by the New Brunswick division of the Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan (PCS). The company announced expansion plans in 2007 which will see a second mine open within several years. The community also hosts several natural gas wells known as the McCully Field. The wells are being developed by Corridor Resources Inc., some in partnership with PotashCorp. Penobsquis is also the proposed site of an Eco-Industrial Business Park to be known as Fundy Green Park.
More than 50 homes in the Penobsquis area lost their well water over a number of years. Many blame this problem on the water that is flowing in the Potash Mine as the mine has had water inflow at rates up to 1,800 gallons per minute. The loss of water is also alleged to be the fault of 3-D and 2-D seismic testing done by PCS and Corridor Resources, although the cause has never been conclusively shown. More than a dozen households have complained to the New Brunswick Mining Commissioner for damage from the loss of water and mining subsidence.
Drinking water was delivered to homes affected by dry wells by PCS, and non-potable water by the province of New Brunswick. Many residents allege that the provincially delivered water is a cause of rashes and other health problems. Other residents blame the rashes and lung problems on the natural gas flares. Neither of these allegations have been proven.
A new water system was put in by the province with federal gas tax funds, residents are now forced to pay for water.
In October 2018, a press release by PotashCorp New Brunswick announced the closure of the Penobsquis potash mine at the end of November 2018.
Notable people
Winston Bronnum
See also
List of communities in New Brunswick
References
External links
Potash Corporation of Saskatchewan, N.B. Division on the Profile Canada Business Directory]
The Water is Still Not Clean
Communities in Kings County, New Brunswick |
4006094 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Chaunar | Cape Chaunar | Cape Chaunar, Cap Uarsig, Cape Nun, Cap Noun, Cabo de Não or Nant is a cape on the Atlantic coast of Africa, in southern Morocco, between Tarfaya and Sidi Ifni. By the 15th century it was considered insurmountable by Arabs and Europeans, thus resulting in the name meaning cape "no" in Portuguese. Cape Chaunar is the true northern coastal limit of the Sahara desert, although nearby Cape Bojador is frequently mistakenly called this.
History
The thirteenth-century Genovese navigators Vandino and Ugolino Vivaldi may have sailed as far as Cape Non before being lost at sea. It was named Cabo do Não ("Cape No") by Portuguese mariners during the fifteenth century, being considered the impassable limit for Arab and European sailors, the non plus ultra beyond which no navigation could occur.
"Quem o passa tornará ou não" (whoever passes it will make it or not), wrote Venetian explorer Alvise Cadamosto in his book Navigazione.
Starting in 1421, exploratory vessels were sent by Prince Henry the Navigator, managing to cross Cape Non and reaching Cape Bojador, then considered the southern limit of the world, stretching into the "dark sea" (Latin Mare Tenebrarum, Mare Tenebrosum or Bahr al-Zulumat in Arabic), the medieval name for the southern Atlantic Ocean, inaccessible to the sailors of the time.
References
Sources
Robert Kerr, General History and Collection of Voyages and Travels
Chambers Book of Days November 20th
Bookrags.com Info
Chaunar |
4006136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Goldflam | Samuel Goldflam | Samuel Wulfowicz Goldflam (15 February 1852 – 26 August 1932) was a Polish-Jewish neurologist best known for his brilliant 1893 analysis of myasthenia gravis (Erb-Goldflam syndrome).
Biography
Goldflam received his education in his native city of Warsaw. He graduated from secondary school in 1869, then studied medicine at Warsaw University. He qualified as a physician in 1875, then worked in internal medicine at Holy Ghost Hospital under Professor Wilhelm Dusan Lambl (1824-95), known for the giardia parasite, Lamblia intestinalis. Lambl was not much of a mentor, so Goldflam worked largely by himself. His position at the internal-medicine clinic supplied him with ample research material. At that time, both internal-medicine and neurology patients were seen at Lambl’s clinic.
In 1882 Goldflam studied with the famous neurologists Karl Friedrich Otto Westphal (1833-90) and Jean-Martin Charcot (1825-93), then returned to Warsaw to teach neurology in the manner of the great masters. After a new period in Lambl’s clinic at Holy Ghost Hospital, he established his own clinic at Graniczna Street, no. 10, in Warsaw, for underprivileged patients, which he ran for nearly 40 years.
During World War I, Goldflam worked as a volunteer in the Jewish Hospital with his great friend, the neurologist, Edward Flatau (1869-1932). During the war he was one of the first to notice a correspondence between malnourishment and diseases, and he documented a bone and joint disease under the name osteoarthropathia dysalimentaria (1918). His main interest, however, was in the significance of reflexes, the neurological aspects of syphilis, and eye reflexes.
Goldflam was a sharp clinician with the ability to recognize small clues of illness which often escaped the attention of his colleagues. He not only worked with patients but was a pathologist. His profound observations and publications were recognized in Poland and abroad.
Goldflam established the Jewish Society for Mental Disorders and established the „Sophia” clinic for mental patients in Otwock, as well as the Berson and Bauman Children’s Hospital in Warsaw. Together with Flatau he established the Pathology Scientific Institute and the medical periodical Warszawskie Czasopismo Naukowe. Goldflam was a full member of the Warsaw Scientific Society (Towarzystwo Naukowe Warszawskie). Together with Janusz Korczak and Gerszon Lewin, he helped many social causes.
A genius in neurology, Goldflam was also an artist and an expert on Beethoven, and he helped many aspiring artists, including Artur Rubinstein, to establish their careers. He died in 1932, the same year as two other great Polish neurologists, Edward Flatau and Joseph Babiński.
References
Sources
E.J. Herman, History of Polish Neurology (in Polish), Wrocław, Polish Academy of Sciences, 1975.
See also
List of Poles
1852 births
1932 deaths
19th-century Polish Jews
Polish neurologists
History of neuroscience |
4006138 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jorge%20Avenda%C3%B1o | Jorge Avendaño | Jorge Avendaño (born Jorge Avendaño Lührs) is a Mexican pianist, composer, songwriter and music producer.
He was written music for many telenovelas including the 1993 version of Corazón salvaje for which he wrote its theme song, as well as the theme song and music for Amarte Asi. He has produced albums for Ana Bárbara, Patricia Manterola and Edith Márquez, for which he wrote the song "Enamorada" that was featured in the film Y tu mamá también.
Life
He has written songs and/or recorded a lot of top Latin artists, with such personalities as Plácido Domingo (Alborada, 2006), Sarah Brightman and Fernando Lima ("Passion" soap opera main title), Edith Márquez, Mijares, Ricardo Montaner, Los Nocheros, Carlos Cuevas, Pepe Aguilar, Pedro Fernández, Limite, Charlie Zaa, Francisco Cespedes, Cristian Castro, Barry Ivan White, Fabián Chávez, etc.
He has composed also classical music for symphony orchestra and small ensembles, and he was a prominent member of the Spanish Society of Authors and Composers (SGAE) since 1996; He is an active member of BMI since 2020.
Albums
Boleros: Por Amor y Desamor (1995)
Films
La metiche (1990)
Telenovelas
Incidental music
Prohibido Amar (2011)
Vivir a Destiempo (2012)
Quererte Asi (2012)
La Mujer de Judas (2012)
Emperatriz (2011)
Profugas del Destino (2010)
La Loba (2010)
Mujer Comprada (2009)
Vuelveme a Querer (2009)
Eternamente Tuya (2009)
Amarte así (2005)
Gitanas (2004)
Mujer bonita (2001)
Alborada (2005)
La esposa virgen (2005)
La madrastra (2005)
Alma rebelde (1999)
Infierno en el Paraíso
Desencuentro (1997)
Gente bien (1997)
Morir dos veces (1996)
Corazón salvaje (1993)
Yo compro esa mujer (1990)
Laberintos de pasión (1999)
Original score
Mariana de la noche (2003)
Amor real (2003)
Ladrón de corazones (2003)
Niña... amada mía (2003)
Entre el amor y el odio (2002)
La intrusa (2001)
Abrázame muy fuerte (2000)
Amor gitano (1999)
Por tu amor (1999)
La Antorcha Encendida (1998)
El privilegio de amar (1998)
Theme songs
External links
1960 births
Living people
Mexican composers
Mexican male composers
Mexican people of German descent
Mexican people of Spanish descent
Mexican pianists
Mexican male songwriters
Male pianists
21st-century pianists
21st-century male musicians |
4006141 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moussa%20Helal | Moussa Helal | Moussa Helal (born 30 November 1949) is a former professional squash player from Egypt. He has won many championships, which seeded him no. 8 in the world, and no. 2 in over 35's. He moved to Manchester, England and became a British citizen in 1984 entering the British rankings for the first time. He represented Cheshire at county level before retiring to become a squash coach.
His eldest daughter, Amina Helal, is also a squash player and is a former American Inter-Collegiate squash champion. His younger daughter, Jessica Helal is a successful squash coach in California.
References
Egyptian male squash players
English male squash players
Living people
1949 births |
4006152 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braulidae | Braulidae | Braulidae, or bee lice, is a family of fly (Diptera) with seven species in two genera, Braula and Megabraula. Found in honey bee colonies, these most unusual wingless and small flies, are not a true bee parasite, and are barely recognizable as Diptera, as they have the superficial appearance of mites or lice.
History
The first discovery of Braulidae was of Braula coeca, in 1818 by Christian Ludwig Nitzch, a German zoologist. In 1986, the genus Megabraula was discovered by David Grimaldi, an American entomologist. Braulidae are found throughout the world in Africa, Europe, Australia, North America, and South America. Since they prefer queen bees as hosts, they are thought to have been brought to the United States by queen importation. Many species of Braulidae are thought to have different host honey bee races. Some of these include B. Kohli and B.pretoriensis which are restricted to Carniolan and middle eastern honey bee races and B.schmitzi with the Italian race. B. coeca is the most widely known Braulidae species, most commonly seen on honey bees around the world.
Life cycle
Adults
The adult Braulidae life-cycle is intimately connected with that of honey bees. The adults roam around on adult honey bees, feeding on their mouth secretions. Although they do not harm the bees, they may be a major nuisance to them in certain areas. As adults, they will eat honey and when available, preferring royal jelly. The adults are nimble and scramble for food being fed to the queen. When present, Braulidae are most likely found in bee hives, and at times on flowers waiting for bees to hang onto. Once the adults become mature, their eggs are laid on honey bee wax cappings.
Size of Braulidae may vary. Braula will be about 1.6mm and the Megabraula will be about 3mm. They have reduced eyes located just above the antennae, their antennae are hidden in grooves, and their legs are short and robust. Unlike most flies, they lack wings or halteres. They are reddish-brown in color, have a 5-segmented tarsus, and their thorax is only half as long as their head. They also lack a distinct scutellum on the metathorax.
Larvae / immatures
The larvae of Braulidae are maggot-like with a flattened posterior end and pointed anterior end. They tunnel through wax and comb feeding on the wax and pollen. Because they are in the suborder Schizophora, they emerge from the puparium through the use of the ptilinum, an eversible sack on the front of the head that inflates to burst a circular exit from the end of the puparium.
Behavior
Although Braulidae may be seen on adult honey bees, they are most commonly seen on queen bees. Several (up to 30 reported) can be found on a queen bee at one time, whereas there may only be one or two at most on worker honey bees.
Phylogeny
Since its discovery, the phylogenetic placement of Braulidae has been uncertain. Up until the 20th century, because of its unique characteristics, scientists were unaware of its placement. Since very little is known about Braulidae, the species Braula coeca has been the most studied.
1818 Nitzsch thought it was pupiparous (young that have already reached the pupal state upon hatching).
1858 Leukart thought they were oviparous (young hatching from an egg), instead of ovoviviparous (eggs hatching within the mother's body, then emerging as live young).
1900s they were thought to have been with Phoridae.
1917 Hermann Schmitz noted a well-developed ptilinal fissure, making it an acalyptrate cyclorrhaphan (Schizophora)
1972 Willi Hennig, after much speculation, agreed with Schmitz and placed the Braulidae near the family Sphaeroceridae (Muscoidea & Anthomyzoinea)
1982 Hackman & Vaisanen did not include Braulidae within their fly classification.
2011 Wiegmann, et al. placed Braulidae within superfamily Ephydroidea, as the sister group to Drosophilidae.
References
Brachycera families
Wingless Diptera
Taxa named by Johann Egger |
4006157 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme%20Court%20of%20Ontario | Supreme Court of Ontario | The Supreme Court of Ontario was a superior court of the Canadian province of Ontario. Created in 1881 pursuant to the Ontario Judicature Act (1881), the Supreme Court of Ontario had two branches: the High Court of Justice Division and the Appellate Division. The Supreme Court of Ontario was a Section 96 court with inherent jurisdiction.
The Appellate Division was later transformed into the Court of Appeal for Ontario.
In 1989 the Courts of Justice Amendment Act, 1989 was enacted by the Government to create one large superior trial court for Ontario. This Act came into force in 1990 and resulted in the merger of the Supreme Court (or High Court), the District Court and the Surrogate Court into the Ontario Court of Justice (General Division).
The Ontario Court (General Division) was later replaced by the Ontario Superior Court of Justice.
The court once sat at 145 Queen Street West in Toronto, now site of Four Seasons Centre.
References
Defunct courts
Ontario courts
1881 establishments in Ontario
1990 disestablishments in Ontario
Courts and tribunals established in 1881
Courts and tribunals disestablished in 1990 |
4006160 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melanocortin | Melanocortin | The melanocortins are a group of peptide hormones which include adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) and the different forms of melanocyte-stimulating hormone (MSH), and are derived from proopiomelanocortin (POMC) in the pituitary gland. The melanocortins exert their effects by binding to and activating the melanocortin receptors.
There are 5 melanocortin receptors (MCR) and all of them are G protein–coupled receptors. In the brain, only MC3R and MC4R are expressed and their endogenous ligand is α-MSH. Agouti-related peptide (AgRP) is the endogenous antagonist.
Function
The melanocortin system is one of the mammalian body's tools to regulate food intake in a push-pull fashion. The only neurons known to release melanocortins are located in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Accordingly, there is a subpopulation called POMC neurons and one called AgRP neurons. When POMC neurons release α-MSH, appetite is decreased. On the other hand, when AgRP neurons release AgRP, appetite is stimulated.
Leptin, the energy surfeit hormone, and Ghrelin, the hunger hormone, are upstream regulators of the melanocortin system in the brain. These hormones also regulate the release of peptides other than the melanocortins. Disturbance of the leptin-melanocortin pathway can lead to early onset obesity as well as various metabolic disorders and suppressed immune function.
References
External links
Anterior pituitary hormones
Peptide hormones
Melanocortin receptor agonists |
4006161 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sodium%20diuranate | Sodium diuranate | Sodium diuranate, Na2U2O7·6H2O, is a uranium salt also known as the yellow oxide of uranium. Sodium diuranate is commonly referred to by the initials SDU. Along with ammonium diuranate it was a component in early yellowcakes. The ratio of the two compounds is determined by process conditions; however, yellowcake is now largely a mix of uranium oxides.
Preparation
In the classical procedure for extracting uranium, pitchblende is broken up and mixed with sulfuric and nitric acids. The uranium dissolves to form uranyl sulfate and sodium carbonate is added to precipitate impurities. If the uranium in the ore is in the tetravalent oxidation state, an oxidiser is added to oxidise it to the hexavalent oxidation state, and sodium hydroxide is then added to make the uranium precipitate as sodium diuranate.
The alkaline process of milling uranium ores involves precipitating sodium uranate from the pregnant leaching solution to produce the semi-refined product referred to as yellowcake.
These older methods of extracting uranium from its uraninite ores has been replaced in current practice by such procedures as solvent extraction, ion exchange, and volatility methods.
Sodium uranate may be obtained in the amorphous form by heating together urano-uranic oxide and sodium chlorate; or by heating sodium uranyl acetate or carbonate. The crystalline form is produced by adding the green oxide in small quantities to fused sodium chloride, or by dissolving the amorphous form in fused sodium chloride, and allowing crystallization to take place. It yields reddish-yellow to greenish-yellow prisms or leaflets.
Uses
In the past it was widely used to produce uranium glass or vaseline glass, the sodium salt dissolving easily into the silica matrix during the firing of the initial melt.
It was also used in porcelain dentures to give them a fluorescence similar to that of natural teeth and once used in pottery to produce ivory to yellow shades in glazes. It was added to these products as a mix with cerium oxide. The final uranium composition was from 0.008 to 0.1% by weight uranium with an average of about 0.02%. The practice appears to have stopped in the late 1980s.
References
External links
NRC Glossary
Sodium Uranate Heats of Formation
MSDS
Sodium compounds
Uranates
Nuclear materials |
4006167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eternal%20inflation | Eternal inflation | Eternal inflation is a hypothetical inflationary universe model, which is itself an outgrowth or extension of the Big Bang theory.
According to eternal inflation, the inflationary phase of the universe's expansion lasts forever throughout most of the universe. Because the regions expand exponentially rapidly, most of the volume of the universe at any given time is inflating. Eternal inflation, therefore, produces a hypothetically infinite multiverse, in which only an insignificant fractal volume ends inflation.
Paul Steinhardt, one of the original researchers of the inflationary model, introduced the first example of eternal inflation in 1983, and Alexander Vilenkin showed that it is generic.
Alan Guth's 2007 paper, "Eternal inflation and its implications", states that under reasonable assumptions "Although inflation is generically eternal into the future, it is not eternal into the past." Guth detailed what was known about the subject at the time, and demonstrated that eternal inflation was still considered the likely outcome of inflation, more than 20 years after eternal inflation was first introduced by Steinhardt.
Overview
Development of the theory
Inflation, or the inflationary universe theory, was originally developed as a way to overcome the few remaining problems with what was otherwise considered a successful theory of cosmology, the Big Bang model.
In 1979, Alan Guth introduced the inflationary model of the universe to explain why the universe is flat and homogeneous (which refers to the smooth distribution of matter and radiation on a large scale). The basic idea was that the universe underwent a period of rapidly accelerating expansion a few instants after the Big Bang. He offered a mechanism for causing the inflation to begin: false vacuum energy. Guth coined the term "inflation," and was the first to discuss the theory with other scientists worldwide.
Guth's original formulation was problematic, as there was no consistent way to bring an end to the inflationary epoch and end up with the hot, isotropic, homogeneous universe observed today. Although the false vacuum could decay into empty "bubbles" of "true vacuum" that expanded at the speed of light, the empty bubbles could not coalesce to reheat the universe, because they could not keep up with the remaining inflating universe.
In 1982, this "graceful exit problem" was solved independently by Andrei Linde and by Andreas Albrecht and Paul J. Steinhardt who showed how to end inflation without making empty bubbles and, instead, end up with a hot expanding universe. The basic idea was to have a continuous "slow-roll" or slow evolution from false vacuum to true without making any bubbles. The improved model was called "new inflation."
In 1983, Paul Steinhardt was the first to show that this "new inflation" does not have to end everywhere. Instead, it might only end in a finite patch or a hot bubble full of matter and radiation, and that inflation continues in most of the universe while producing hot bubble after hot bubble along the way. Alexander Vilenkin showed that when quantum effects are properly included, this is actually generic to all new inflation models.
Using ideas introduced by Steinhardt and Vilenkin, Andrei Linde published an alternative model of inflation in 1986 which used these ideas to provide a detailed description of what has become known as the Chaotic Inflation theory or eternal inflation.
Quantum fluctuations
New inflation does not produce a perfectly symmetric universe due to quantum fluctuations during inflation. The fluctuations cause the energy and matter density to be different at different points in space.
Quantum fluctuations in the hypothetical inflation field produce changes in the rate of expansion that are responsible for eternal inflation. Those regions with a higher rate of inflation expand faster and dominate the universe, despite the natural tendency of inflation to end in other regions. This allows inflation to continue forever, to produce future-eternal inflation. As a simplified example, suppose that during inflation, the natural decay rate of the inflaton field is slow compared to the effect of quantum fluctuation. When a mini-universe inflates and "self-reproduces" into, say, twenty causally-disconnected mini-universes of equal size to the original mini-universe, perhaps nine of the new mini-universes will have a larger, rather than smaller, average inflaton field value than the original mini-universe, because they inflated from regions of the original mini-universe where quantum fluctuation pushed the inflaton value up more than the slow inflation decay rate brought the inflaton value down. Originally there was one mini-universe with a given inflaton value; now there are nine mini-universes that have a slightly larger inflaton value. (Of course, there are also eleven mini-universes where the inflaton value is slightly lower than it originally was.) Each mini-universe with the larger inflaton field value restarts a similar round of approximate self-reproduction within itself. (The mini-universes with lower inflaton values may also reproduce, unless its inflaton value is small enough that the region drops out of inflation and ceases self-reproduction.) This process continues indefinitely; nine high-inflaton mini-universes might become 81, then 729... Thus, there is eternal inflation.
In 1980, quantum fluctuations were suggested by Viatcheslav Mukhanov and Gennady Chibisov in the Soviet Union in the context of a model of modified gravity by Alexei Starobinsky to be possible seeds for forming galaxies.
In the context of inflation, quantum fluctuations were first analyzed at the three-week 1982 Nuffield Workshop on the Very Early Universe at Cambridge University. The average strength of the fluctuations was first calculated by four groups working separately over the course of the workshop: Stephen Hawking; Starobinsky; Guth and So-Young Pi; and James M. Bardeen, Paul Steinhardt and Michael Turner.
The early calculations derived at the Nuffield Workshop only focused on the average fluctuations, whose magnitude is too small to affect inflation. However, beginning with the examples presented by Steinhardt and Vilenkin, the same quantum physics was later shown to produce occasional large fluctuations that increase the rate of inflation and keep inflation going eternally.
Further developments
In analyzing the Planck Satellite data from 2013, Anna Ijjas and Paul Steinhardt showed that the simplest textbook inflationary models were eliminated and that the remaining models require exponentially more tuned starting conditions, more parameters to be adjusted, and less inflation. Later Planck observations reported in 2015 confirmed these conclusions.
A 2014 paper by Kohli and Haslam called into question the viability of the eternal inflation theory, by analyzing Linde's chaotic inflation theory in which the quantum fluctuations are modeled as Gaussian white noise. They showed that in this popular scenario, eternal inflation in fact cannot be eternal, and the random noise leads to spacetime being filled with singularities. This was demonstrated by showing that solutions to the Einstein field equations diverge in a finite time. Their paper therefore concluded that the theory of eternal inflation based on random quantum fluctuations would not be a viable theory, and the resulting existence of a multiverse is "still very much an open question that will require much deeper investigation".
Inflation, eternal inflation, and the multiverse
In 1983, it was shown that inflation could be eternal, leading to a multiverse in which space is broken up into bubbles or patches whose properties differ from patch to patch spanning all physical possibilities.
Paul Steinhardt, who produced the first example of eternal inflation, eventually became a strong and vocal opponent of the theory. He argued that the multiverse represented a breakdown of the inflationary theory, because, in a multiverse, any outcome is equally possible, so inflation makes no predictions and, hence, is untestable. Consequently, he argued, inflation fails a key condition for a scientific theory.
Both Linde and Guth, however, continued to support the inflationary theory and the multiverse. Guth declared:
According to Linde, "It's possible to invent models of inflation that do not allow a multiverse, but it's difficult. Every experiment that brings better credence to inflationary theory brings us much closer to hints that the multiverse is real."
In 2018 the late Stephen Hawking and Thomas Hertog published a paper in which the need for an infinite multiverse vanishes as Hawking describes their theory gives universes which are "reasonably smooth and globally finite". The theory uses the holographic principle to define an 'exit plane' from the timeless state of eternal inflation, the universes which are generated on the plane are described using a redefinition of the no-boundary wavefunction, in fact the theory requires a boundary at the beginning of time. Stated simply Hawking says that their findings "imply a significant reduction of the multiverse" which as the University of Cambridge points out, makes the theory "predictive and testable" using gravitational wave astronomy.
See also
Astrophysics
Cosmology
Inflation (cosmology)
Fractal cosmology
Physical cosmology
Shape of the universe
False vacuum
References
External links
'Multiverse' theory suggested by microwave background BBC News, 3 August 2011 about testing eternal inflation.
Inflation (cosmology)
Physical cosmology
Multiverse |
4006169 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Officious%20intermeddler | Officious intermeddler | An officious intermeddler is a person who voluntarily, and without request or pre-existing legal duty, interjects him- or herself into the affairs of another, and then seeks remuneration for services or reimbursement. Example: Person "A" leaves for vacation for two weeks during the summer. Person "B" mows "A"s lawn. "B" requests payment for this service. Under common law doctrine, "B" is not entitled to any payment from "A" beyond whatever "A" cares to give. If B tries to coerce payment, B is an officious intermeddler.
Emergencies
An exception to this rule, however, is if a doctor gives medical treatment to an unconscious victim. Although the unconscious person did not request the doctor's services, a court may deem it reasonable for the doctor to presume that such services would be desired by the person, had they been conscious.
Quasi-contracts
Another exception to this rule, in certain jurisdictions, is the existence of a quasi-contract. In general, in order for a contract to exist, there must be mutual consent among all parties. In the case of an officious intermeddler, this element of a contract is missing: consideration (goods or services) was provided by one party, but without the mutual consent of the receiving party. Therefore, no contract was made, and the intermeddler has no legal recourse to claim compensation. However, certain legal jurisdictions provide for an implied-by-law contract, called a quasi-contract, that exists solely for the purposes of remedying this unjust enrichment by giving a court legal means to enforce compensation. The distinction between an officious intermeddler, and a party operating under a quasi-contract, is that the recipient of the goods or services has knowingly accepted the goods or services, with the intention of benefiting from them without providing compensation.
References
Citations
Sources
Second Restatement of Contracts Sec. 74
Restatement of Restitution Sec. 2
Restatement of Restitution Sec. 116
Black's Law Dictionary
See also
Quasi-contract
Implied-in-fact contract
Common law
Contract law
Contract law legal terminology |
4006171 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Into%20the%20Void | Into the Void | Into the Void may refer to:
Into the Void (video game), a 1997 strategy game
"Into the Void" (Black Sabbath song), 1971
"Into the Void" (Nine Inch Nails song), 1999
"Into the Void" (Kiss song), 1998
Into the Void, a 1991 Spelljammer novel by Nigel Findley
"Into the Void" (The Flash), an episode of The Flash
See also
Enter the Void, a 2009 film |
4006178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scarlet%20dwarf | Scarlet dwarf | Nannophya pygmaea, known variously as the scarlet dwarf, northern pygmyfly, or tiny dragonfly, is a dragonfly of the family Libellulidae, native from Southeast Asia to China and Japan, occasionally found south to Australia.
Description
This species has the distinction of being the smallest of the dragonflies, with a wingspan of only .
References
External links
Scarlet dwarf at ARCBC
Northern pygmyfly at CSIRO
Scarlet dwarf at bjbug.com
Libellulidae
Odonata of Asia
Insects of Indonesia
Insects of Southeast Asia
Taxa named by Jules Pierre Rambur
Insects described in 1842 |
4006188 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Santoro | Andrea Santoro | Andrea Santoro (7 September 1945, in Priverno, Italy – 5 February 2006, in Trabzon, Turkey) was a Roman Catholic priest in Turkey, murdered in the Santa Maria Church in Trabzon where he served as a member of the Catholic Church's Fidei donum missionary program. This was one of the high-profile incidents, along with the murder of Armenian journalist Hrant Dink and the Zirve Publishing House murders that focused attention on hate crimes in Turkey.
Death and Aftermath
On 5 February 2006 he was shot dead from behind while kneeling in prayer in the church. A witness heard the perpetrator shouting "Allahu Akbar". The motive of the attack is not known.
Oğuzhan Akdin, a 16-year-old high school student, was arrested two days after the shooting, carrying a 9mm pistol. An investigation by the U.S. Air Force Office of Special Investigations on stolen weaponry revealed that this gun had been part of a batch of guns that the US had given to the Iraqi army but which had gone missing. The student told police he had been influenced by the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy. The murder was preceded by massive anti-Christian propaganda in the Turkish popular press. In the three months before his murder, Santoro's telephone had been tapped by the Turkish police in Trabzon.
On 10 October 2006, Oğuzhan Akdin was sentenced to 18 years, 10 months, and 20 days in prison for "premeditated murder" by a juvenile court in Trabzon. According to head of the local Catholic administration, the Apostolic Vicariate of Anatolia, Bishop Luigi Padovese, neither the killer nor his mother showed any remorse during the trial.
As the murderer of Armenian-Turkish journalist Hrant Dink also came from Trabzon and was also under 18 years of age, Turkish police were investigating possible connections between the slayings of Santoro and Dink. In October 2007, Turkey's Court of Appeals affirmed the jail sentence for Santoro's killer. Following the 2016 Turkish coup d'état attempt, the killer was released from jail after serving less than 10 years of his sentence.
Pope Benedict XVI recalled his martyrdom in his homily at the Shrine of Meryem Ana Evi (House of the Virgin Mary) in Ephesus on 29 November 2006.
At Don Santoro's funeral at the Basilica of St. John Lateran, Cardinal Camillo Ruini, the vicar of the Diocese of Rome, mentioned in his homily that the possible beatification process for Don Santoro may be opened after February 2011. His assassination is marked annually by the Don Andrea Santoro Association, which is organized in part by Archbishop Angelo De Donatis, the Vicar General of Rome and a seminary classmate of Santoro.
See also
Paulos Faraj Rahho
Frans van der Lugt
Jacques Hamel
List of assassinated people from Turkey
References
External links
Homily by Andrea Riccardi, founder of the Community of Sant'Egidio in memory of Andrea Santoro
"Wachs, das sich verzehren lässt" - Church historian Prof. Dr. Rudolf Grulich about life and death of Don Andrea Santoro (German)
1945 births
2006 deaths
People killed by Islamic terrorism
People murdered in Turkey
21st-century Roman Catholic martyrs
21st-century venerated Christians
Italian Servants of God
People associated with the Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Italian people murdered abroad
Deaths by firearm in Turkey
Victims of anti-Catholic violence
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic priests |
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