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5399178 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egyptian%20blue | Egyptian blue | Egyptian blue, also known as calcium copper silicate (CaCuSi4O10 or CaOCuO(SiO2)4 (calcium copper tetrasilicate)) or cuprorivaite, is a pigment that was used in ancient Egypt for thousands of years. It is considered to be the first synthetic pigment. It was known to the Romans by the name caeruleum. After the Roman era, Egyptian blue fell from use and, thereafter, the manner of its creation was forgotten. In modern times, scientists have been able to analyze its chemistry and reconstruct how to make it.
The ancient Egyptian word wꜣḏ signifies blue, blue-green, and green.
The first recorded use of "Egyptian blue" as a color name in English was in 1809.
Definition
Egyptian blue is a synthetic blue pigment produced from a mixture of silica, lime, copper, and an alkali. Its color is due to a calcium-copper tetrasilicate CaCuSi4O10 of the same composition as the naturally occurring mineral cuprorivaite. It was first synthesized in Egypt during the Fourth Dynasty and used extensively until the end of the Roman period in Europe, after which its use declined significantly.
The term for it in the Egyptian language is ḫsbḏ-ỉrjt, which means artificial lapis lazuli (ḫsbḏ). It was used in antiquity as a blue pigment to color a variety of different media such as stone, wood, plaster, papyrus, and canvas, and in the production of numerous objects, including cylinder seals, beads, scarabs, inlays, pots, and statuettes. Sometimes, it is referred to in Egyptological literature as blue frit. Some have argued that this is an erroneous term that should be reserved for use to describe the initial phase of glass or glaze production, while others argue that Egyptian blue is a frit in both the fine and coarse form since it is a product of solid state reaction. Its characteristic blue color, resulting from one of its main components—copper—ranges from a light to a dark hue, depending on differential processing and composition.
Apart from Egypt, it has also been found in the Near East, the Eastern Mediterranean, and the limits of the Roman Empire. It is unclear whether the pigment's existence elsewhere was a result of parallel invention or evidence of the technology's spread from Egypt to those areas.
History and background
The ancient Egyptians held the color blue in very high regard and were eager to present it on many media and in a variety of forms. They also desired to imitate the semiprecious stones turquoise and lapis lazuli, which were valued for their rarity and stark blue color. Use of naturally occurring minerals such as azurite to acquire this blue was impractical, as these minerals were rare and difficult to work. Therefore, to have access to the large quantities of blue color to meet demand, the Egyptians needed to manufacture the pigment themselves.
The earliest evidence for the use of Egyptian blue, identified by Egyptologist Lorelei H. Corcoran of The University of Memphis, is on an alabaster bowl dated to the late pre-dynastic period or Naqada III (circa 3250 BC), excavated at Hierakonpolis, and now in the Museum of Fine Arts, Boston. In the Middle Kingdom (2050–1652 BC) it continued to be used as a pigment in the decoration of tombs, wall paintings, furnishings, and statues, and by the New Kingdom (1570–1070 BC) began to be more widely used in the production of numerous objects. Its use continued throughout the Late period and Greco-Roman period, only dying out in the fourth century AD, when the secret to its manufacture was lost.
No written information exists in ancient Egyptian texts about the manufacture of Egyptian blue in antiquity, and it was first mentioned only in Roman literature by Vitruvius during the first century BC. He refers to it as caeruleum and describes in his work De architectura how it was produced by grinding sand, copper, and natron, and heating the mixture, shaped into small balls, in a furnace. Lime is necessary for the production as well, but probably lime-rich sand was used. Theophrastus gives it the Greek term κύανος (kyanos, blue), which originally probably referred to lapis lazuli. Finally, only at the beginning of the nineteenth century was interest renewed in learning more about its manufacture when it was investigated by Humphry Davy in 1815, and others such as W. T. Russell and F. Fouqué.
Composition and manufacture
Several experiments have been carried out by scientists and archaeologists interested in analyzing the composition of Egyptian blue and the techniques used to manufacture it. It is now generally regarded as a multiphase material that was produced by heating together quartz sand, a copper compound, calcium carbonate, and a small amount of an alkali (ash from salt-tolerant, halophyte plants or natron) at temperatures ranging between (depending on the amount of alkali used) for several hours. The result is cuprorivaite or Egyptian blue, carbon dioxide, and water vapor:
In its final state, Egyptian blue consists of rectangular blue crystals together with unreacted quartz and some glass. From the analysis of a number of samples from Egypt and elsewhere, the weight percentage of the materials used to obtain Egyptian blue in antiquity was determined usually to range within these amounts:
60–70% silica (SiO2)
7–15% calcium oxide (CaO)
10–20% copper(II) oxide (CuO)
To obtain theoretical cuprorivaite, where only blue crystals occur, with no excess of unreacted quartz or formation of glass, these percentages would need to be used:
64% silica
15% calcium oxide
21% copper oxide
However, none of the analyzed samples from antiquity was made of this definitive composition, as all had excesses of silica, together with an excess of either CuO or CaO. This may have been intentional; an increase in the alkali content results in the pigment containing more unreacted quartz embedded in a glass matrix, which in turn results in a harder texture. Lowering the alkali content (less than 1%), though, does not allow glass to form and the resultant Egyptian blue is softer, with a hardness of 1–2 Mohs.
In addition to the way the different compositions influenced texture, the way Egyptian blue was processed also had an effect on its texture, in terms of coarseness and fineness. Following a number of experiments, Tite et al. concluded that for fine-textured Egyptian blue, two stages were necessary to obtain uniformly interspersed crystals. First, the ingredients are heated, and the result is a coarse-textured product. This is then ground to a fine powder and water is added. The paste is then reshaped and fired again at temperatures ranging between 850 and 950 °C for one hour. These two stages possibly were needed to produce a paste that was fine enough for the production of small objects. Coarse-textured Egyptian blue, though, would not have gone through the second stage. Since it usually is found in the form of slabs (in the dynastic periods) and balls (in the Greco-Roman period), these either could have been awaiting to be processed through a second stage, where they would be ground and finely textured, or they would have been ground for use as a blue pigment.
The shade of blue reached was also related to the coarseness and fineness of Egyptian blue as it was determined by the degree of aggregation of the Egyptian blue crystals. Coarse Egyptian blue was relatively thick in form, due to the large clusters of crystals which adhere to the unreacted quartz. This clustering results in a dark blue color that is the appearance of coarse Egyptian blue. Alternatively, fine-textured Egyptian blue consists of smaller clusters that are uniformly interspersed between the unreacted quartz grains and tends to be light blue in color. Diluted light blue, though, is used to describe the color of fine-textured Egyptian blue that has a large amount of glass formed in its composition, which masks the blue color, and gives it a diluted appearance. It depends on the level of alkali added to the mixture, so with more alkali, more glass formed, and the more diluted the appearance. This type of Egyptian blue is especially evident during the eighteenth dynasty and later, and probably is associated with the surge in glass technology at this time.
If certain conditions were not met, the Egyptian blue would not be satisfactorily produced. For example, if the temperatures were above 1050 °C, it would become unstable. If too much lime was added, wollastonite (CaSiO3) forms and gives the pigment a green color. Too much of the copper ingredients results in excesses of copper oxides cuprite and tenorite.
Sources
The main component of Egyptian blue was the silica, and quartz sand found adjacent to the sites where Egyptian blue was being manufactured may have been its source, although no concrete evidence supports this hypothesis. The only evidence cited is by Jakcsh et al., who found crystals of titanomagnetite, a mineral found in desert sand, in samples collected from the tomb of Sabni (sixth dynasty). Its presence in Egyptian blue indicates that quartz sand, rather than flint or chert, was used as the silica source. This contrasts with the source of silica used for glass-making at Qantir (New Kingdom Ramesside site), which is quartz pebbles and not sand.
It is believed that calcium oxide was not added intentionally on its own during the manufacture of Egyptian blue, but introduced as an impurity in the quartz sand and alkali. As to whether the craftsmen involved in the manufacture realized the importance of adding lime to the Egyptian blue mixture is not clear from this.
The source of copper could have been either a copper ore (such as malachite), filings from copper ingots, or bronze scrap and other alloys. Before the New Kingdom, evidence is scarce as to which copper source was being used, but it is believed to have been copper ores. During the New Kingdom, evidence has been found for the use of copper alloys, such as bronze, due to the presence of varying amounts of tin, arsenic, or lead found in the Egyptian blue material. The presence of tin oxide could have come from copper ores that contained tin oxide and not from the use of bronze. However, no copper ores have been found with these amounts of tin oxide. Why a switch from the use of copper ores in earlier periods, to the use of bronze scrap during the Late Bronze Age is unclear as yet.
The total alkali content in analyzed samples of Egyptian blue is greater than 1%, suggesting the alkali was introduced deliberately into the mixture and not as an impurity from other components. Sources of alkali either could have been natron from areas such as Wadi Natroun and El-Kab, or plant ash. By measuring the amounts of potash and magnesia in the samples of Egyptian blue, it is generally possible to identify which source of alkali had been used, since the plant ash contains higher amounts of potash and magnesia than the natron. However, due to the low concentration of alkali in Egyptian blue, which is a mere 4% or less, compared to glass, for example, which is at 10–20%, identifying the source is not always easy. The alkali source likely was natron, although the reasons for this assumption are unclear. However, analysis by Jaksch et al. of various samples of Egyptian blue identified variable amounts of phosphorus (up to 2 wt %), suggesting the alkali source used was in actuality plant ash and not natron. Since the glass industry during the Late Bronze Age used plant ash as its source of alkali, a link in terms of the alkali used for Egyptian blue before and after the introduction of the glass industry might have been possible.
Archaeological evidence
Amarna: In the excavations at Amarna, Lisht, and Malkata at the beginning of the twentieth century, Petrie uncovered two types of vessels that he suggested were used in antiquity to make Egyptian blue: bowl-shaped pans and cylindrical vessels or saggers. In recent excavations at Amarna by Barry Kemp (1989), very small numbers of these "fritting" pans were uncovered, although various remaining pieces of Egyptian blue 'cake' were found, which allowed the identification of five different categories of Egyptian blue forms and the vessels associated with them: large round flat cakes, large flat rectangular cakes, bowl-shaped cakes, small sack-shaped pieces, and spherical shapes. No tin was found in the samples analyzed, which the authors suggest is an indication that use of scrap copper was possible instead of bronze.
Qantir: In the 1930s, Mahmud Hamza excavated a number of objects related to the production of Egyptian blue at Qantir, such as Egyptian blue cakes and fragments in various stages of production, providing evidence that Egyptian blue was actually produced at the site. Recent excavations at the same site uncovered a large copper-based industry, with several associated crafts, namely bronze-casting, red-glass making, faience production, and Egyptian blue. Ceramic crucibles with adhering remains of Egyptian blue were found in the excavations, suggesting again it had been manufactured on site. These Egyptian blue 'cakes' possibly were later exported to other areas around the country to be worked, as a scarcity of finished Egyptian blue products existed on site. For example, Egyptian blue cakes were found at Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham, a Ramesside fort near the Libyan coast, indicating in fact that the cakes were traded, and worked at and reshaped away from their primary production site.
Connections with other vitreous material and with metals
Egyptian blue is closely related to the other vitreous materials produced by the ancient Egyptians, namely glass and Egyptian faience, and it is possible that the Egyptians did not employ separate terms to distinguish the three products from one another. Although it is easier to distinguish between faience and Egyptian blue, due to the distinct core of faience objects and their separate glaze layers, it sometimes is difficult to differentiate glass from Egyptian blue due to the very fine texture that Egyptian blue occasionally could have. This is especially true during the New Kingdom, as Egyptian blue became more refined and glassy and continued as such into the Greco-Roman period.
Since Egyptian blue, like faience, is a much older technology than glass, which only begins during the reign of Thutmose III (1479–1425 BC), changes in the manufacture of Egyptian blue undoubtedly were associated with the introduction of the glass industry.
Analysis of the source of copper used in the manufacture of Egyptian blue indicates a relationship with the contemporaneous metal industry. Whereas in the earlier periods, it is most probable that copper ores were used, during the reign of Tutmosis III, the copper ore is replaced by the use of bronze filings. This has been established by the detection of a specific amount of tin oxide in Egyptian blue, which only could have resulted from the use of tin bronze scraps as the source of copper, which coincides with the time when bronze became widely available in ancient Egypt.
Occurrences outside of Egypt
Egyptian blue was found in Western Asia during the middle of third millennium BC in the form of small artifacts and inlays, but not as a pigment. It was found in the Mediterranean area at the end of the Middle Bronze Age, and traces of tin were found in its composition suggesting the use of bronze scrap instead of copper ore as the source of copper. During the Roman period, use of Egyptian blue was extensive, as a pot containing the unused pigment, found in 1814 in Pompeii, illustrates. It was also found as unused pigment in the tombs of a number of painters. Etruscans also used it in their wall paintings. The related Chinese blue has been suggested as having Egyptian roots.
Later, Raphael used Egyptian blue in his Triumph of Galatea.
Roman production of Egyptian blue
Around the turn of the eras, Roman sources report that a certain Vestorius transferred the production technology from Alexandria to Pozzuoli near Naples (Campania, Southern Italy). In fact, archaeological evidences confirm production sites in the northern Phlegraean Fields and seem to indicate a monopoly in the manufacture and trade of pigment spheres. Due to its almost exclusive use, Egyptian blue is the blue pigment par excellence of Roman antiquity; its art technological traces vanish in the course of the Middle Ages.
In 2021, Early Medieval Egyptian blue (fifth/sixth century A.D.) was identified on a monochrome blue mural fragment from the church of St. Peter above Gratsch (South Tyrol, Northern Italy). By a new analytical approach based on Raman microspectroscopy, 28 different minerals with contents from the percent range down to 0.1 permille were identified. Inclusion of knowledge from neighbouring disciplines made possible to read out the information about the type and provenance of the raw materials, synthesis and application of the pigment and ageing of the paint layer preserved in the previously not accessible trace components, and thus to reconstruct the individual "biography" of the Egyptian blue from St. Peter. This paradigm shift in the research history of Egyptian blue provided natural scientific evidences for the production in the northern Phlegraean fields (agreement with trace minerals found in the beach sands at the Gulf of Gaeta), the use of a sulphidic copper ore (instead of often-mentioned metallic copper or bronze), and plant ash as flux in the raw material mixture. Furthermore, indications for a synthesis predominated by solid state reactions were found, while the melting of the raw materials into glass most likely played a negligible role.
Modern applications
Egyptian blue's extremely powerful and long-lived infrared luminescence under visible light has enabled its presence to be detected on objects which appear unpainted to the human eye. This property has also been used to identify traces of the pigment on paintings produced as late as the sixteenth century, long after its use was presumed to have died out. The luminescence in the near-infrared, where neither fat nor hemoglobin show high absorption coefficients, in conjunction with the capacity of Egyptian blue to delaminate by splitting into nanosheets after immersion in water, also indicates it may have several high-technology applications, such as in biomedicine (e.g. bioimaging), telecommunications, laser technology, and security inks.
Researchers at the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory discovered that Egyptian blue pigment absorbs visible light, and emits light in the near-infrared range. This suggests that Egyptian blue pigment could be used in construction materials designed to cool rooftops and walls in sunny climates, and for tinting glass to improve photovoltaic cell performance.
See also
References
Further reading
Dayton, J. 1978, Minerals, Metals, Glazing & Man, or, Who Was Sesostris I? London: Harrap. .
Lucas, A. & Harris. J.R. [1948] 1999, Ancient Egyptian Materials and Industries. Dover books on Egypt. Mineola, N.Y. : Dover. .
Noll, W. 1981, Mineralogy and technology of the painted ceramics of ancient Egypt. In: M.J. Huges (ed.) Scientific studies in ancient ceramics. Occasional paper 19. London : British Museum, .
Rehren, Th. & Pusch, E.B. & Herold, A. 1998, Glass coloring works within a copper-centered industrial complex in Late Bronze Age Egypt. In: McCray, P (ed), The prehistory and history of glassmaking technology. Ceramics and Civilization 8. Westerville, OH: American Ceramic Society.
Riederer, J. 1997, Egyptian Blue. In: E.W. Fitzhugh, (ed.), Artists’ pigments 3: 23–45. Oxford university Press.
Tite, M.S. 1985, Egyptian blue, faience and related materials: technological investigations. In: R.E. Jones & H.W. Catling (eds.) Science in Archaeology: Proceedings of a Meeting Held at the British School at Athens, January 1985. London : Leopard's Head. .
Warner, T.E. 2011, Artificial Cuprorivaite CaCuSi4O10 (Egyptian Blue) by a Salt-Flux Method. In: Terence E. Warner, Synthesis, Properties and Mineralogy of Important Inorganic Materials, 26–49. Chichester: Wiley. .
Wiedemann, H.G., Bayer, G. & Reller, A. 1998, Egyptian blue and Chinese blue. Production technologies and applications of two historically important blue pigments. In: S. Colinart & M. Menu (eds.), La couleur dans la peinture et lémaillage de l’Egypte Ancienne. Scienze e materiali del patrimonio culturale 4. Bari: Edipuglia. .
External links
Egyptian blue, ColourLex
Egyptian Blue, Pigments through the ages
4th-millennium BC establishments
Inorganic pigments
Silicates
Calcium compounds
Copper(II) compounds
Shades of blue
Ancient Egypt
Naqada III |
4003692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Asper | David Asper | David Asper (born November 26, 1958) is a Canadian lawyer and businessman, currently serving as Acting Dean of Robson Hall, the law faculty of the University of Manitoba. Asper is the son of Canwest founder Izzy Asper, and is now the head of his family's namesake charitable foundation. As a lawyer, he served on David Milgaard's legal team that overturned his wrongful conviction and later became a professor. From April 2017 to December 2018, he served as chair of the Winnipeg Police Board, and in January 2019 became chair of the Manitoba Police Commission.
Early life and education
Asper was born in Winnipeg in 1958 to Izzy Asper, the founder of Canwest, and Babs Asper (1933–2011). He has two younger siblings, Gail Asper and Leonard Asper.
After graduating from Brentwood College School on Vancouver Island Asper attended the University of Manitoba where he earned a BA in political science and history. He then went to California Western School of Law, earning a Juris Doctor in 1984.
Career
Asper started his career as a lawyer focused primarily on criminal defense litigation and successfully represented David Milgaard in overturning one of Canada's most notorious wrongful conviction cases. In 2006 he returned to Law School at the University of Toronto where he earned an LLM in 2007.
Following completion of his master's degree in law at the University of Toronto in 2007, Asper served as assistant professor of law at the University of Manitoba Robson Hall Faculty of Law. He continues to teach as an adjunct professor at Lakehead University's Bora Laskin School of Law and at Arizona State University Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law, and comments occasionally on legal matters for popular media. Asper has also served on various committees of the Law Society of Manitoba and is a learning resource for the CPLED Articling module on ethics and professional responsibility.
In 2013 Asper was a co-founder of Amenity Healthcare Limited, which owned and operated a chain of independent pharmacies in Western Canada, typically in traditionally underserved communities. It grew at a rate of seven to ten pharmacies per year before its acquisition in 2017 by TorQuest Partners, a Toronto-based equity firm.
He is also chair of Creswin Properties Ltd, a private real estate investment firm and an investor through the Manitoba Technology Accelerator program, where he serves on the boards of Cubresa Inc. and Arterial Stiffness Inc., which are developing leading-edge life science technologies. He has also invested in the Broadway revival of the Tony Award-winning musical Pippin, a London-based critically acclaimed and award-winning revival of The Scottsboro Boys and the forthcoming Broadway revival of On the Town. Previously Asper served as chair of the National Post newspaper and in various executive or governance positions at Canwest Media in Canada, Australia, New Zealand and the United Kingdom.
In April 2017, Asper was named by Winnipeg mayor Brian Bowman to be the chair of the Winnipeg Police Board. Upon his confirmation by the city council the same month, he became the board head not to be an elected official.
He became acting dean of Robson Hall on July 1, 2020, having previously served as a faculty member from 2009 to 2013. He has also taught law as an adjunct professor at the Bora Laskin Faculty of Law and the Sandra Day O'Connor College of Law.
Philanthropy
In philanthropy and public service, in addition to being chair of The Asper Foundation, Asper is a past chair and current director of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, member of the Board of the Pan Am Clinic Foundation and co-chair of the 2015 CFL Grey Cup Festival Committee. Through his philanthropy Asper provided the lead gift to establish the David Asper Centre for Constitutional Rights at the University of Toronto. He has also established major endowments at the University of Manitoba, United Way and the Jewish Foundation of Manitoba where he actively supports the Jewish Child and Family Services Helping Hand Initiative.
Past community involvement includes president of the Winnipeg Folk Festival, chairman of the Winnipeg Blue Bombers, vice-chair of the Canadian Football League board of governors, co-chair of the 2006 Winnipeg Grey Cup Festival, governor and vice-chair at St. John's-Ravenscourt School, member of the University of Toronto governing council, member of the board of the Canadian Friends of the Simon Wiesenthal Centre.
In October 2018, Asper and his family donated 2.5 million dollars to the Canadian Olympic Foundation's 5to8 athlete development campaign, the largest donation to Canadian Olympic sport by a factor of ten.
Asper endorsed Stephen Harper for prime minister and is associated and supports the Conservative Party of Canada
Awards and honours
Asper also received the Arbour Award from the University of Toronto and the Award of Distinction from Destination Winnipeg. He was a recipient of the Queen Elizabeth II Diamond Jubilee Medal in recognition of his community service. In 2019 he was appointed as Queen's Counsel in the Province of Manitoba.
Personal life
David Asper is married to Ruth. Together, they have three adult children: Daniel, Rebecca, and Max.
External links
The Asper Foundation
References
1958 births
David
Living people
Canadian television executives
Lawyers in Manitoba
Jewish Canadian philanthropists
University of Toronto alumni
University of Toronto Faculty of Law alumni
California Western School of Law alumni |
5399191 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages%20of%20Mozambique | Languages of Mozambique | Mozambique is a multilingual country. A number of Bantu languages are indigenous to Mozambique. Portuguese, inherited from the colonial period (see: Portuguese Mozambique), is the official language, and Mozambique is a full member of the Community of Portuguese Language Countries. Ethnologue lists 43 languages spoken in the country.
According to INE, the National Institute of Statistics of Mozambique, Portuguese is the most widely spoken language in Mozambique: according to the 2007 national population and housing census, 50.4% of the national population aged 5 and older (80.8% of people living in urban areas and 36.3% in rural areas) are fluent in the language. The 2017 national population and housing census found out that Portuguese is spoken by 47.3% of all Mozambicans aged 5 and older, with native speakers making up 16.6% of the population (38.3% in the cities and 5.1% in rural areas, respectively) Mozambique has 22 Bantu origin languages which are: Swahili, Makhuwa, Sena, Ndau, Tswa-Ronga (Tsonga), Lomwe, Ekoti, Nahara, Makonde, Chopi, Chuwabu, Ronga, Kimwani, Nhungwe, Chimanika, Shona, Chiyao, Chichewa, Bitonga, Ngoni, Tswa and Chitewe. The language of the deaf community is Mozambican Sign Language.
Small communities of Arabs, Chinese, and Indians (primarily the Gujarati language) speak their own languages (Indians from Portuguese India speak any of the Portuguese Creoles of their origin) aside from Portuguese as their second language.
Article 9 of Mozambique's constitution provides for the recognition of national languages and that such languages be considered of "cultural and educational heritage" and that the state "shall promote their development and increasing use as languages that convey our identity". Portuguese is deemed the country's official language by article 10.
Sociolinguistics
Multilingualism
Most Mozambicans speak more than one language.. According to the 2007 census about 50.4% of all people aged 5 and older speak Portuguese, and 10.7%, including people of Portuguese ancestry and mestiços, speak it as their first language. Use of the Portuguese language remains strongly concentrated to the urban population of Mozambique along the coast.
Linguistic geography
The map shows the dominant language by region.
Influence among languages
Many indigenous languages of Mozambique have loan words of Portuguese origin.
Largest language groups
References
External links
Ethnologue Listing of Mozambican Languages
Línguas de Moçambique – A Portuguese-language collection of publications in Mozambican languages. (A Google Translate Gadget is available) |
4003693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken%20balls | Chicken balls | Chicken balls are a food consisting of small, spherical or nearly spherical pieces of chicken. They are prepared and eaten in several different cuisines.
In Western Chinese cuisine
Chicken balls () are a type of modern Chinese food served in Canada, Ireland, United States, and the United Kingdom as a staple of Chinese take-out. The dish consists of small chunks of fried chicken breast meat covered in a crispy batter coating. They are often served with curry sauce, sweet and sour sauce or plum sauce. These are largely unheard of in China, depending on the recipe and referred name.
In East and Southeast Asian cuisines
Another kind of chicken balls, which are similar to southern Chinese fish balls, may be found in countries in East and Southeast Asia, such as the Philippines and Japan (tsukune).
In other cuisines
Chicken balls are also a part of several other culinary traditions, including Italian Jewish cuisine and Islamic cuisine.photo
See also
Canadian Chinese cuisine
Chicken nugget
References
External links
Canadian Chinese restaurant menu featuring chicken balls
Canadian Chinese chicken dishes |
4003706 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Yakich | Nick Yakich | Nick Yakich (18 January 1940 – 28 May 2019) was an Australian rugby league footballer for the Manly-Warringah Sea Eagles in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition. His position of choice was on the .
Early life
Nick Yakich, the son of a Croatian immigrant who stowed away on a ship bound for Perth in the 1920s, moved to Mossman (Qld) in the late 1940s. From there he moved to Sydney where he attended Marist Brothers North Shore (Mosman) with future rugby league star winger Ken Irvine. He then attended Newcastle Teachers College with his brother Fred (also a future Sea Eagle). After graduating he was posted to Harbord Primary School on Sydney's Northern Beaches, right in the heart of the Sea Eagles area and trialled with Manly at the instigation of cricket team mate, and Manly junior, Frank Stanton. He later taught PE at Pittwater High School at Mona Vale.
Playing career
Yakich was graded with the Sea Eagles as a winger in 1960, immediately impressing with his speed and try scoring ability in open play. He went on to play in a total of 74 games with the club between 1960 and 1966, scoring 52 tries. His best season in the NSWRFL was 1964 when he crossed for 16 tries, only two behind the season's leading try scorer, St. George's test Reg Gasnier.
During his time with Manly, Yakich was considered one of the fastest players in rugby league behind only North Sydney's Ken Irvine and South Sydney's 1962 Commonwealth Games 100 yards Bronze Medallist, Michael Cleary. Yakich was also unlucky not to play more than three games for New South Wales (NSW) during his career, regularly competing with test wingers Irvine, Cleary, Johnny King and Eddie Lumsden (both from the record setting St. George Dragons of the 1960s) for a place in the side.
Yakich played all of his three games for NSW in 1965, scoring a try on each occasion. Following the interstate series (won 4-0 by NSW), he was called up to the Australian squad to tour New Zealand, but was unable to displace Irvine and Cleary from the test team and only played in minor games on tour, though he was the squad's leading try scorer on tour with 6 tries.
Nick Yakich's rugby league career came to a premature end in 1966 when he suffered a major knee injury playing against Souths which required surgery. He retired for good in 1967 after suffering a shoulder injury whilst captain-coach of Werris Creek in northern New South Wales.
Beach Sprinting
Nick Yakich was a sprinting protege` of former Manly, NSW and Australian winger Johnny Bliss, who had also won a record 12 Australian Beach Sprint championships. Yakich would go on to win 5 Australian championships with the North Narrabeen Surf Club before his knee injury suffered in 1966 forced his retirement.
Career playing statistics
Point scoring summary
Matches played
Sources
Whiticker, Alan & Hudson, Glen (2006) The Encyclopedia of Rugby League Players, Gavin Allen Publishing, Sydney
References
1940 births
2019 deaths
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian people of Croatian descent
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles players
Rugby league players from Innisfail, Queensland
Rugby league wingers |
5399192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PeoplesBank%20Park | PeoplesBank Park | PeoplesBank Park is a 7,500-seat baseball park in York, Pennsylvania. It is the home of the York Revolution of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball. The park hosted its first regular season baseball game on June 16, 2007, as the Revolution defeated the Newark Bears, 9–6.
Located on Codorus Creek, the facility had been in the planning stages since 2003, but local politics and funding temporarily halted the plans. The city of York demolished 20 buildings in the Arch Street neighborhood in June 2006, with construction beginning in September 2006. Due to inclement weather, PeoplesBank Park opened one month later than originally planned. The naming rights were purchased by Sovereign Bank, a banking institution based in nearby Reading, for $2.7 million over ten years. The name was changed to "Santander Stadium" in October 2013 following the 2009 takeover of Sovereign Bank by Santander Bank. In December 2015, it was announced the park would be known as "PeoplesBank Park" under a new naming rights deal with locally owned PeoplesBank.
PeoplesBank Park was honored as the "Ballpark of the Year" by the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball following the end of its 2008 regular season. The award recognizes the efforts of the Revolution staff and groundskeepers, judging such criteria as field conditions, stadium operations, cleanliness, and atmosphere.
History
The city of York had been trying to pursue the construction of a baseball stadium for ten years. It seemed to be coming together in 2003, until politics and financial pressure prevented the ballpark from being built. Many Yorkers hoped to see a team fielded in the same inaugural season as the neighboring Lancaster Barnstormers, but that opportunity slipped away. The ballpark was originally slated to be located at Small Athletic Field, on York City School District property. The district board vetoed the stadium as they believed that their money could be better used for a more practical renovation plan for Small Athletic Field. Over the span of three years, ballpark planning weathered many inclines and declines until a hard-fought agreement was made to build in the Arch Street neighborhood. Other locations that were considered but never came to fruition were Hoffman Field, the home of the former York White Roses, and the Ohio Blender site.
PeoplesBank Park hosts the New Year's Revolution, the city's New Year's Eve celebration in which a large White Rose is dropped to count down to the New Year. The event's name alludes to a New Year's resolution and the Revolution baseball team. The former venue for the White Rose drop was the city square.
The stadium hosted the 2011 Atlantic League All-Star Game on July 14, 2011. The first pitch of the All-Star Game was thrown out by former Dover High School football player and then Green Bay Packer John Kuhn. The Revolution again hosted the Atlantic League All-Star Game at PeoplesBank Park in July 2019.
PeoplesBank Park hosted the 2020 United Wiffleball National Championship.
Ballpark attractions
Brooks Robinson Plaza
PeoplesBank Park features the Brooks Robinson Plaza at the homeplate entrance of the ballpark. The plaza features a statue of Brooks Robinson, along with information related to his 23-year career in professional baseball. In 1955, Robinson played with York's previous team, the White Roses, and at the end of the season was signed by in the Baltimore Orioles. The ballpark itself resembles Oriole Park at Camden Yards, in tribute to Brooks Robinson and the Baltimore Orioles, the local Major League favorite. The dimensions are the same as those of the former Memorial Stadium, the Orioles' previous home.
In addition to the Brooks Robinson Plaza, the official postal address of PeoplesBank Park was changed to 5 Brooks Robinson Way in the fall of 2007. The change was made to honor Robinson's baseball career, which started in the city of York.
The Arch Nemesis
At , the left field wall of PeoplesBank Park is taller than any other fence in professional baseball, including the famous Green Monster at Fenway Park, home to the Boston Red Sox of Major League Baseball. The Green Monster measures at high, but the Arch Nemesis in York stands taller. The first home run over and the first base hit off the wall came in York's second game at the stadium on June 16, 2007.
The height of the left field wall was increased to help compensate for a small stadium site. Architects were challenged to fit a ballpark between Arch Street and a parallel railway line less than away and to provide a minimal amount of onsite parking (200 spaces) in the same plan. The best overall layout for the site placed the left field foul pole close to Arch Street and about from home plate, a condition that is known as a "Short Porch" and represents an easy home run opportunity for professional baseball players. Since moving the foul pole any further from home plate would require expanding the site by disrupting Arch Street (which was not an option), the planners increased the height of the left field fence to make home runs more challenging, given the short foul line. The name alludes to Arch Street and to the wall's ability to act as a primary formidable opponent (or arch nemesis) against home-run attempts.
Four scoreboards
In addition to a modern, animated, full-color electronic scoreboard in right field, PeoplesBank Park features an old-fashioned, manually operated scoreboard at the base of the "Arch Nemesis" in left field. A manual scoreboard is another characteristic shared between York's tall outfield wall and its counterpart in Boston, Massachusetts. Two additional monochromatic, non-animated electronic scoreboards on the façade of the skybox level, one along the first base line and another along the third base line, display game status.
Other ballpark attractions
Additional attractions include the Mezzogiorno Picnic Pavilion, with a capacity for 600 fans, that features a menu with traditional ballpark fare as well as regional favorites. Children at PeoplesBank Park can enjoy the Stauffer's DownTown Playground, an amusement section that features a carousel, a jungle web, playground equipment, and various inflatables. The playground is hosted by the Revolution's mascot, DownTown. The First Capital Credit Union Team Store, the York Revolution's official souvenir and apparel vendor, remains open throughout the year at the home plate entrance of PeoplesBank Park.
PeoplesBank Park has multiple seating options. A lawn seating area provides room for 1,600 fans. Executives can reserve one of five function rooms that overlook the field, with a total capacity of 300. These rooms include the Keystone Room, the Pennsylvania State Room, the Tri-State Room, the Piedmont Room, and White Rose Hall. The name of each room refers to York's geography: Keystone for Pennsylvania's official nickname, "the Keystone State"; the tri-state area including Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware; the Piedmont plateau region; and York's official nickname, "the White Rose City." The conventional seating at the ballpark includes 5,200 green, chairback seats divided into two levels by an open, 360° concourse.
PeoplesBank Park features a miniature, fully functional cannon that is fired when one of the Revolution batters hits a home run or when the team scores a home victory. The cannon is operated by a mascot named Cannonball Charlie, who wears a costume resembling a period Continental Army uniform.
Concerts
The first major concert at PeoplesBank Park featured the blues-rock band, Blues Traveler, on June 14, 2008. A couple of months later, the Christian rock band, Sevenglory, played a post-game concert for the Revolution's Faith & Family Day, a celebration of York's Christian community.
References
External links
Ballpark Reviews – PeoplesBank Park
Rochester Area Ballparks – PeoplesBank Park
Sports venues in Pennsylvania
Baseball venues in Pennsylvania
Minor league baseball venues
Buildings and structures in York, Pennsylvania
York Revolution
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball ballparks
Tourist attractions in York County, Pennsylvania
Sports in York, Pennsylvania
Sports venues completed in 2007
2007 establishments in Pennsylvania |
5399194 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gold%20card | Gold card | Gold card may refer to:
Banking
American Express Gold Card
A type of credit card
Science and Technology
A CPU upgrade card made by Miracle Systems in the 1980s and 90s
An SD memory card for Android (operating system) based smartphones
Other
An annual travel card for the British railway network
A type of card in the game Myths and legends
Gold pass, a privilege for Australia politicians, cancelled by Malcolm Turnbull; see Prime Minister of Australia
A type of Nol Card on the Dubai Metro
See also
Black card (disambiguation)
Carte Blanche (credit card)
Palladium Card (now JPMorgan Reserve and Sapphire Reserve) and Sapphire Preferred credit cards from JPMorgan Chase
Platinum Card, an elite credit card |
4003707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIFA%20Award%20for%20Best%20Director | IIFA Award for Best Director | The IIFA Best Director Award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony. The nominations for the category are given by the film fraternity.
Sanjay Leela Bhansali has 4 and Rajkumar Hirani with 3 awards. Rakesh Roshan and Ashutosh Gowariker has the most wins with 2 awards.
The winners are listed below:-
See also
IIFA Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
External links
Official site
International Indian Film Academy Awards |
5399204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Sedgwick | Joseph Sedgwick | Joseph Sedgwick, (24 November 1898 – 27 December 1981) was a Canadian lawyer.
He was born in Leeds, England and became a lawyer in 1923 following studies at the University of Toronto and Osgoode Hall. Sedgwick contributed to changes in the Criminal Code through a Royal Commission in the early 1950s. He was counsel to George and Viola R. MacMillan in the 1964 Royal Commission to probe the activity of Windfall Oil and Mines Ltd. Politically, he was Progressive Conservative. He also served as Treasurer for the Law Society of Upper Canada from 1962 to 1963.
His honours include Queen's Counsel (awarded in 1933, then known as King's Counsel) and the Order of Canada (awarded rank of Companion in 1974).
Sedgwick died in Toronto aged 83, predeceased by his wife Emma Irene McLaughlin. The couple had two children.
References
1898 births
1981 deaths
Lawyers in Ontario
Companions of the Order of Canada
Treasurers of the Law Society of Upper Canada
Canadian Queen's Counsel
External links |
4003719 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toys%20in%20the%20Attic%20%281963%20film%29 | Toys in the Attic (1963 film) | Toys in the Attic is a 1963 American drama film directed by George Roy Hill and starring Dean Martin, Geraldine Page, Yvette Mimieux, Gene Tierney and Wendy Hiller. The film is based on a Tony Award-winning play of the same name by Lillian Hellman. The screenplay adaptation is by James Poe, and the original music score was composed by George Duning.
Plot
Julian Berniers returns from Illinois with his young bride Lily Prine to his family in New Orleans. His spinster sisters, Carrie and Anna, welcome the couple, who arrive with expensive gifts. Julian tells them that, though his factory went out of business, he did manage to save money. Although the sisters are skeptical, there is much talk of a long-hoped-for trip to Europe for the two sisters. In fact, Julian has money from a real estate deal that he pulled off with the help of Charlotte Warkins, a former lover, who is now in an abusive marriage.
Carrie is obsessed with her brother. Her jealousy, deriving from her sublimated incestuous desires for her brother, is aimed at Lily. Carrie tricks Lily into informing Charlotte's husband of a rendezvous between Charlotte and Julian, at which Julian was to give Charlotte her half of the money, and Charlotte then was going to leave her husband and flee town. Charlotte's husband sends thugs who beat up Julian, maim Charlotte, and take both halves of the money.
Julian discovers that Carrie manipulated Lily into making the phone call to Charlotte's husband by convincing Lily that Julian and Charlotte were going to leave together. After Carrie hurls insults at Julian and Anna, telling them they will both be failures, both leave the house. Julian finds and reconciles with Lily, and Anna leaves for Europe. Carrie is left alone, deluding herself into thinking they both will return one day.
Cast
Dean Martin as Julian Berniers
Geraldine Page as Carrie Berniers
Yvette Mimieux as Lily Prine Berniers
Gene Tierney as Albertine Prine
Wendy Hiller as Anna Berniers
Nan Martin as Charlotte Warkins
Larry Gates as Cyrus Warkins
Frank Silvera as Henry Simpson
Reception
On review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a rating of 40% based on 5 critics, with an average rating of 4.8/10.
The film recorded a loss of $1.2 million.
The film was nominated for the Best Costume Design (Black & White) Oscar (Bill Thomas), and was nominated for the Best Actress Golden Globe (Geraldine Page) and the Best Supporting Actress Golden Globe (Wendy Hiller).
See also
List of American films of 1963
References
External links
1963 films
1963 drama films
American black-and-white films
American drama films
American films based on plays
Films based on works by Lillian Hellman
Films directed by George Roy Hill
Films produced by Walter Mirisch
Films scored by George Duning
Films set in New Orleans
Films with screenplays by James Poe
Incest in film
Southern Gothic films
United Artists films |
5399217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20Trouble%20State%20Park | Double Trouble State Park | Double Trouble State Park is located in Lacey and Berkeley Townships in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey. The park was once the Double Trouble company's company town. The park's wilderness is part of the Pine Barrens ecosystem. The park is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.
Double Trouble Historic Village
The Double Trouble Historic Village was originally a cranberry farm and packing plant. The Double Trouble Company was formed by Edward Crabbe in 1909 to sell timber, millwork products, and cranberries. Many sawmills have been in the town since the mid-18th century. The village consists of cranberry bogs and fourteen restored historic structures dating from the late 19th century through the early 20th century including a general store, a schoolhouse and houses. The sawmill was restored in 1995, and the cranberry sorting and packing house were completed in 1996.
The town was named for the fact that muskrats breached a local dam twice in one week.
Double Trouble Historic District
The Double Trouble Historic District was added to the National Register of Historic Places on February 23, 1978 for its significance in agriculture and industry.
Cedar Creek
Cedar Creek's headwaters start from the Greenwood Forest Management Area to its mouth at Barnegat Bay. Cedar Creek provides the water needed for cranberry culture and provides a source of water for wildlife.
Trail
The Double Trouble State Park Nature Trail is a loop trail. (This trail is not rated by the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection). The trail is part of the New Jersey Coastal Heritage Route.
See also
List of New Jersey state parks
References
External links
State parks of New Jersey
Parks in Ocean County, New Jersey
Protected areas of the Pine Barrens (New Jersey)
Company towns in New Jersey
Ghost towns in New Jersey
Museums in Ocean County, New Jersey
Open-air museums in New Jersey
Berkeley Township, New Jersey
Lacey Township, New Jersey
National Register of Historic Places in Ocean County, New Jersey
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in New Jersey
New Jersey Register of Historic Places |
4003726 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20W.%20Taylor | William W. Taylor | William Whitaker Taylor (September 11, 1853 – August 1, 1884) was a member of the Utah Territorial Legislature, member of the Presidency of the Seventy in The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), and a son of LDS Church president John Taylor. He was a half brother to John W. Taylor, a member of the Quorum of the Twelve Apostles who was dropped from the body and excommunicated for refusing to give up plural marriage, and a brother-in-law to George Q. Cannon.
William served a mission in England with his half brother John, but before leaving married the youngest daughter of Abraham Hoagland and Agnes Taylor, 20-year-old Sarah Taylor Hoagland, with whom he eventually had six children.
William reported that while crossing the ocean with John on the Steamship Dakota on the way to England, he had a dream in which Jesus Christ appeared to him, took him by the hand, looked in his face, and asked "Will you ever doubt again?"
Two years after returning from his mission, William was named one of the First Seven Presidents of the Seventy at the age of 26. Soon thereafter he was also appointed to the Council of Fifty.
Despite the near-universal view that John Taylor refused compromise on plural marriage, over a third of general authorities appointed under Taylor were monogamists, including William and his half brother. It wasn't until just before his death that William took on a plural wife, Selma van Cott, daughter of fellow Seventies president John Van Cott.
In addition to his rise within the church, William was elected to the Utah Territorial Legislature in the 1883 general election. Within months, he was also elected assessor and collector of taxes for Salt Lake City in February 1884. However, on a Saturday evening that summer, he was attacked with "bilious colic" and died from the effects within a week. He left six children, eight years and under, from his first wife and none from his second.
Given his meteoric rise in church and public office, one historian commented that Taylor would be much better known if his life hadn't ended at such an early age. His father, who was president of the LDS Church at the time, said in his obituary "I cannot think of anything which I wish he had done differently." John Morgan took his place as one of the presidents of the Seventy.
At Taylor's funeral in the Salt Lake Tabernacle, Wilford Woodruff, Robert T. Burton, Joseph F. Smith, George Q. Cannon, and John Taylor each spoke.
See also
Cannon Family (political family)
References
External links
Extended biography of William Whitaker Taylor
1853 births
1884 deaths
19th-century Mormon missionaries
American general authorities (LDS Church)
American Mormon missionaries in England
Cannon family
Members of the Utah Territorial Legislature
Presidents of the Seventy (LDS Church)
19th-century American politicians
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Taylor family (Latter Day Saints) |
5399219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peters%20Township%20School%20District | Peters Township School District | Peters Township School District is a large, suburban, public school district located in Peters Township, Washington County, Pennsylvania and encompasses an area of . Peters Township School District had a population of 17,566, according to the 2000 federal census. By 2010, the district's population increased to 21,219 people. The educational attainment levels for the School District population (25 years old and over) were 95.9% high school graduates and 56.1% college graduates. The district is one of the 500 public school districts of Pennsylvania.
According to the Pennsylvania Budget and Policy Center, 3.2% of the district's pupils lived at 185% or below the Federal Poverty Level as shown by their eligibility for the federal free or reduced price school meal programs in 2012. In 2009, the per capita income was $36,159, while the median family income was $86,661. In the Commonwealth, the median family income was $49,501 and the United States median family income was $49,445, in 2010. In Washington County, the median household income was $53,693. By 2013, the median household income in the United States rose to $52,100. In 2014, the median household income in the USA was $53,700.
Peters Township School District operates five schools:
Bower Hill Elementary School Kindergarten through Grade 3
Pleasant Valley Elementary School Kindergarten through Grade 3
McMurray Elementary School Grades 4 – 5
Peters Township Middle School Grades 6 - 8
Peters Township High School Grades 9 - 12
High school students may choose to attend the Western Area Career Technology Center (WACTC) for training in the construction and mechanical trades. The Intermediate Unit IU1 provides the district with a wide variety of services like specialized education for disabled students and hearing, background checks for employees, state mandated recognizing and reporting child abuse training, speech and visual disability services and criminal background screenings and professional development for staff and faculty.
The Peters Township School District borders 4 other school districts - Upper St. Clair S.D. and Bethel Park S.D. (both in Allegheny County) to the north, Canon-McMillan S.D. to the south and west, and Ringgold S.D. to the south and east.
Extracurriculars
The district offers a wide variety of clubs, activities and over 16 sports.
Athletics
All boys athletic teams have the "Indians" nickname, while most girls teams go by the nickname "Lady Indians". The Indians are members of both the Western Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic League (WPIAL) and of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association (PIAA).
High school
The school district funds 13 boys and 13 girls varsity athletic teams at the high school, most of which, due to the school's high enrollment, compete at the highest classification level. These include:
Middle school
The school district funds 6 boys and 7 girls athletic teams. These include:
References
External links
School districts in Washington County, Pennsylvania
Education in Pittsburgh area |
5399222 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Performing%20Arts%20Workers%27%20Equity | Performing Arts Workers' Equity | The Performing Arts Workers' Equity (PAWE) was a small trade union in South Africa. It had a membership of only 365, but was affiliated to the Congress of South African Trade Unions. It merged with the Musicians Union of South Africa (MUSA) to form the Creative Workers Union of South Africa (CWUSA).
References
External links
PAWE at the COSATU.
Information on PAWE at UNESCO
Defunct trade unions in South Africa
Entertainment industry unions
Organisations based in Johannesburg |
4003731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethiopia%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Ethiopia at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Ethiopia competed in the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The country's participation at the Games marked its Winter Olympics debut, although it had competed in the Summer Olympics since the 1956 Games. The delegation consisted of a single cross-country skier, Robel Teklemariam, who did not win any medals. Teklemariam would later return for his country at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Background
Ethiopia first competed in the Summer Olympics at the 1956 Games in Melbourne, Australia. They participated on 10 occasions prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics, where they made their Winter Olympics debut in Turin, Italy. They sent a single cross-country skier, Robel Teklemariam.
Teklemariam was born in Addis Ababa, before he left Ethiopia with his family at the age of nine. When he arrived in the United States, he was introduced to skiing while at school in Lake Placid. After leaving full-time education, he decided that he wanted to compete internationally in the sport.
In seeking to compete at the Winter Olympics, he set up the Ethiopian National Skiing Federation with his three brothers so that the sport could be recognised in the country. Teklemariam explained in interviews prior to the Games that he hoped his appearance would inspire other Ethiopians living in colder climates to take up sports. He suggested that cross-country skiing could be a sport that Ethiopians could naturally be proficient at, since it was an endurance sport.
Cross-country skiing
The sole Ethiopian athlete at the Games, Robel Teklemariam, competed in the men's classical. He was the flag bearer at both the opening and closing ceremonies. He was banned for five days prior to the Olympics after tests showed he had abnormally high haemoglobin levels in his blood, but was cleared after a second test, and was allowed to compete.
Competing on the 17 February, he finished the race in a time of 47 minutes and 53.8 seconds, placing him in 83rd place out of the 96 skiers who finished the run. This was nearly ten minutes slower than the gold medallist, Andrus Veerpalu of Estonia (38 minutes and 1.3 seconds). Teklemariam finished faster than the only other African competing, Kenya's Philip Boit (53 minutes and 32.4 seconds). Teklemariam later returned to compete once again for Ethiopia at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
Cross-country skiing
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006 Winter Olympics
Winter Olympics |
5399229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20H.%20Carmody | Martin H. Carmody | Martin Henry Carmody (1872 – December 9, 1950) was the seventh Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus, serving from September 1, 1927 to August 31, 1939.
Career
Knights of Columbus
In 1902, Carmody joined the Knights of Columbus and later became the Grand Knight of the Grand Rapids Council as well as the District Deputy, State Deputy, and Deputy Supreme Knight of the international order for 18 years. In 1927 Carmody was elected the seventh Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus and was in that position until August 31, 1939. Carmody was a Chamberlain to Pope Pius XI.
For his war work during World War I he was made a chevalier of the French Legion of Honor. The rank of commander of the Order of the Star of Morocco was conferred on him by Marshal Lyautey, the French president general of Morocco. Carmody held two ranks in the Order of Saint Gregory the Great, awarded to him by Popes Benedict XV and Pius XI.
When President Herbert Hoover established the President's Organization for Unemployment Relief in 1931, Carmody wrote to Hoover pledging the services of the Order. Carmody had already encouraged the 2,600 councils to have "strong and active employment committees." By the end of July 1931, a total of 43,128 unemployed people had been placed into jobs, in addition to those placements made by local councils who were working under the auspices of other organizations. In less than two years, the Order would provide more than 100,000 jobs. In October of that year, Hoover appointed Carmody to the Organization.
Personal life
Carmody was born in Grand Rapids, Michigan to Martin and Anastasia Carmody. He attended Valparaiso Normal College and graduated in 1899 from the University of Michigan Law School. While attending law school, he played football as a guard on the 1899 Michigan Wolverines football team.
Carmody married Frances Brady in Grand Rapids in 1911. On December 9, 1950 Martin Carmody died at his home, aged 78, following a long illness. He was survived by his wife, daughter and three grandchildren.
References
Bibliography
External links
Supreme Knight Martin H. Carmody
1872 births
1950 deaths
American military personnel of World War I
People from Grand Rapids, Michigan
Roman Catholic activists
Papal chamberlains
Valparaiso University alumni
University of Michigan Law School alumni
Michigan Wolverines football players
Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus
Deputy Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus
Catholics from Michigan |
4003735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orquesta%20Sinf%C3%B3nica%20de%20Galicia | Orquesta Sinfónica de Galicia | Orquesta Sinfónica de Galicia is a Spanish orchestra, created in 1992 and based in A Coruña. Its conductor is Dima Slobodeniouk.
2012-13 staff
Violins I: Massimo Spadano (CM), Ludwig Dürichen (CMA), Vladimir Prjevalski (CMA), Ruslan Asanov, Yana Antonyan, Caroline Bournaud, Gabriel Bussi, Vinka Hauser, Dominica Malec, Dorothea Nicholas, Benjamin Smith, Stefan Utanu, Florian Vlashi, Roman Wojtowicz
Violins II: Julián Gil (P), Fumika Yamamura (P), Lucica Trita (PA), Gertraud Brilmayer, Lilia Kirilova, Marcelo González, Deborah Hamburger, Enrique Iglesias, Helle Karlsson, Gregory Klass, Adrián Linares, Stefan Marinescu, Mihai Tanasescu
Violas: Eugenia Petrova (P), Francisco Miguens (P), Andrei Kevorkov (PA), Raymond Arteaga, Alison Dalglish, Despina Ionescu, Jeffrey Johnson, Jozef Kramar, Luigi Mazzucato, Karen Poghosyan, Wladimir Rosinskij
Celli: David Ethève (P), Puslana Prokopenko (P), Gabriel Tanasescu (PA), Antonieta Carrasco, Berthold Hamburger, Scott Hardy, Vladimir Litvihk, Ramón Solsona, Florence Ronfort
Double Basses: Risto Vuolanne (P), Diego Zecharies (P), Todd Williamson (PA), Mario Alexandre, Douglas Gwynn, Sergei Rechetilov, José Rodrigues
Flutes: Claudia Walker (P), María J. Ortuño (PA), Juan Ibáñez
Oboes: Casey Hill (P), David Villa (PA), Scott MacLeod
Clarinets: Juan A. Ferrer (P), Iván Marín (PA), Pere Anguera
Bassoons: Steve Harriswangler (P), Mary H. Harriswangler (PA), Manuel A. Salgueiro
Horns: David Bushnell (P), David Fernández (P), Miguel Á. Garza (PA), Manuel Moya, Amy Schimmelman
Trumpets: John A. Hurn (P), Thomas Purdie (PA), Michael Halpern
Trombones: Petur Eiriksson (P), Jon Etterbeek (P), Eymir Sommerfelt
Tuba: Jesper Boile-Nielsen (P)
Percussion: Simon Levey (P), José A. Trigueros (P), José Belmonte, Alejandro Sanz
Harp: Celine Landelle (P)
World Premieres
Music directors
Víctor Pablo Pérez (1993 - 2013)
Dima Slobodeniouk (2013 -)
References
External links
Orquesta Sinfónica de Galicia - OSG's web page.
Musical groups established in 1992
Spanish orchestras
A Coruña
Galician musical groups |
4003746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Santiago%20Baca | Jimmy Santiago Baca | Jimmy Santiago Baca (born January 2, 1952) is an American poet, memoirist, and screenwriter from New Mexico.
Early life and education
Baca was born in Santa Fe County, New Mexico, in 1952. Abandoned by his parents at the age of two, he lived with one of his grandmothers for several years before being placed in an orphanage. At the age of 13 he ran away and wound up living on the streets. When he was 21, he was convicted on charges of drug possession and incarcerated. He served six and a half years in prison, three of them in isolation, and having expressed a desire to go to school (the guards considered this dangerous), he was put in the same area of the prison with the inmates on death row for a period of time before he was released.
During this time, Baca taught himself to read and write, and he began to compose poetry. He sold these poems to fellow inmates in exchange for cigarettes. A fellow inmate convinced him to submit some of his poems to the magazine Mother Jones, then edited by Denise Levertov. Levertov printed Baca's poems and began corresponding with him, eventually finding a publisher for his first book.
Career
Immigrants in Our Own Land, Baca's first major collection, was published by the Louisiana State University Press in 1979. This early collection included "I Am Offering This Poem," a poem later reprinted in 1990's Immigrants in Our Own Land and Selected Early Poems and anthologized in The Seagull Book of Poems. In 1987, his semi-autobiographical minor epic in verse, Martin & Meditations on the South Valley, received the American Book Award for poetry, bringing Baca international acclaim and, in 1989, the Hispanic Heritage Award in Literature.
In 2004 Baca started a non-profit organization, Cedar Tree, Inc., that supports these workshops through charitable donations. As well as writing workshops, Cedar Tree has produced two documentary films Clamor en Chino and Moving the River Back Home. The organization employs ex-offenders as interns.
Published works
Baca's poetry collections include C-Train and Thirteen Mexicans: Dream Boy's Story (Grove Press, 2002), Healing Earthquakes (2001), Set This Book on Fire (1999), In the Way of the Sun (1997), Black Mesa Poems (1995), Poems Taken from My Yard (1986), and What's Happening (1982). His "memoir", A Place to Stand (2001), chronicles his troubled youth and the five-year jail-stint that brought about his personal transformation. The poet Will Inman published Mr. Baca's poetry in his 1977 anthology Fired Up with You: Poems of a Niagara Vision (Border Press), one of the earliest anthologies to include Jimmy Santiago Baca's poems. Baca also contributed to the famous 2005 German novel On the Darkest Night. Baca is also the author of a collection of stories and essays, Working in the Dark: Reflections of a Poet of the Barrio (1992); a play, Los tre's hijos de Julia (1991); a screenplay, Bound by Honor, which was released by Hollywood Pictures as Blood In Blood Out in 1993; he also published at the end of 1993 Second Chances. Baca's most recent novel is A Glass of Water (2009). He published an original essay in 2013 called, "The Face," in ebook form with Restless Books, along with digital editions of his Breaking Bread with the Darkness poetry volumes.
Other media
Santiago Baca wrote the screenplay for a Hollywood production, Blood In Blood Out. Baca also appeared as an actor in the film and as one of its producers.
A film based on Baca's memoir A Place to Stand, directed by Daniel Glick, was released in 2014. The film was produced by Gabriel Baca, David Gruban, and Andres Salazar The creators of the movie also made a school curriculum to strengthen and highlight the morals within Baca's life story, containing a workbook and films.
In 2003, Baca appeared in an episode of Def Poetry Jam.
See also
List of Mexican American writers
Baca family of New Mexico
References
External links
Western American Literature Journal: Jimmy Santiago Baca
"Add-Verse" a poetry-photo-video project Baca participated in
Modern American Poetry
Jimmy Santiago Baca recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division's audio literary archive on November 21, 2004.
1952 births
Living people
American people of Apache descent
American writers of Mexican descent
American writers of Native American descent
Baca family of New Mexico
Mestizo writers
Poets from New Mexico
Writers from Santa Fe, New Mexico
American Book Award winners |
5399239 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy%20of%20Colorado | Economy of Colorado | In 2021 economy of the State of Colorado was 16th largest in the United States with a gross state product of $421 billion.Colorado's per capita personal income in 2019 was $61,157, putting Colorado 12th in the nation.
Wheat, corn, sorghum, and proso millet were the largest agricultural products by acres farmed. Hay ($1 billon), corn ($850 million), and wheat ($460 millon) were the largest farmed products by value sold. Colorado is also a significant beef producer with 659,000 cows in 2021. Colorado was the fourth largest marijuana producer in 2021 by sales at $460 million.
In the second half of the 20th century, the industrial and service sectors have expanded greatly. The state's economy is diversified and is notable for its concentration of scientific research and high-technology industries. Other industries include food processing, transportation equipment, machinery, chemical products, minerals such as gold and molybdenum, and tourism. Denver is an important financial center.
Federal
As of August 2013, Colorado had 53,800 nonmilitary federal employees, which made of 2.3 percent of the state's total nonfarm employment, slightly above the national average of 2.0 percent. In addition, there were 37,285 active military in Colorado.
Before Colorado was a state, it was a federal prison territory. Today, the Federal Bureau of Prisons operates the Federal Correctional Complex, in Fremont County, which consists of several separate Federal prisons, including ADX Florence, the only supermax facility in the federal system, home to many convicted terrorists and other notorious criminals.
The North American Aerospace Defense Command (NORAD) and United States Air Force Academy are based in Colorado Springs; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) and the National Institute of Standards and Technology in Boulder; United States Geological Survey and other government agencies at the Denver Federal Center in Lakewood; the Denver Mint and United States Court of Appeals for the Tenth Circuit in Denver.
There is also a significant amount of federal lands in the state, including 11 National Forests and four National Parks. There are also numerous private companies that have operations in Colorado that deal with the governmental agencies in states.
State taxes
Tax is collected by the Colorado Department of Revenue.
The Colorado income tax rate is a flat 4.55 percent of federal taxable income regardless of income level. Colorado's state sales tax is 2.9 percent on retail sales. Full-year Colorado residents can claim an excess sales tax refund on their individual state income tax return. Many counties and cities charge their own rates in addition to the base state rate. There are also certain county and special district taxes that may apply. The most common special district taxes are:
Regional Transportation District (RTD), which affects the counties of Denver, Boulder, Jefferson and portions of Adams, Arapahoe, Broomfield and Douglas
Cultural Facilities District (CD)
Football Stadium District (FD or FTBL), approved by the voters to pay for and help build the Denver Broncos’ stadium
Local Improvement District (LID) within designated areas of southeast Jefferson and Boulder counties
Regional Transportation District (RTA) taxes at varying rates in Basalt, Carbondale, Glenwood Springs, Gunnison County
Real estate and personal business property are taxable in Colorado. Real property is assessed by a professional assessor to determine its actual value. The state legislature sets the assessment rate of 29% for commercial property, 7.15% for residential. The actual value is multiplied by the assessment rate get the assessed value. Then counties set their mill rate which is multiplied by the assessed value to get the tax liability. A $430,000 residence in Denver with the Mill rate of 0.072116 yields the following example. " $430,000 x 0.0715 x 0.072116 = $2,217.21".
Colorado first instituted a state income tax in 1937, as a progressive tax, with income below $2,000 taxed at 1% and over $10,000 at 6%. This would remain so for 50 years, until the state adopted a flat tax rate of 5% for 1987 tax year. In 1992, the voters approved Taxpayer Bill of Rights at a referendum, requiring increases in overall tax revenue to be tied to inflation and population increases, otherwise tax increases would have to be approved by voters by referendum. For tax year 1999, the income tax was reduced further to 4.75% and for tax year 2000 to 4.63%, where it would remain for 20 years, until voters approved by referendum a further reduction to 4.55%. In 2018, voters rejected in a referendum a return to progressive tax.
Denver's economy
Denver's economy (Denver is the Rocky Mountain region's most populous city), is based largely on its geographic position. The Denver metropolitan area is the largest in the area (the nearest metro area of comparable size is the Kansas City Metropolitan Area about 600 miles east). Denver is the location of federal, high-tech, educational, commercial, financial, cultural, tourist, storage, and distribution services to the Rocky Mountain States. The city is also home to several large corporations in the central United States.
Geography and trade
Many federal agencies are based or have offices in the Denver area. In addition to federal agencies, there are many companies based on federal defense and space projects such as Lockheed-Martin. Denver is the capital of Colorado and hosts many state government jobs.
Denver's position as the largest city in a mineral-rich and fossil fuel-rich area leads mining and energy companies to maintain offices in the metro area. In the early days of the city, gold and silver booms and busts played a large role in the economic success of the city. In the 1970s and early 1980s, the energy crisis in America created an energy boom in Denver captured in the soap opera Dynasty. Downtown Denver was built up considerably during this time; many new downtown skyscrapers were built. Eventually the oil prices dropped from $34 a barrel in 1981 to $9 a barrel in 1986, and the Denver economy dropped with it, leaving almost 15,000 oil industry workers in the area unemployed (including mayor John Hickenlooper, a former geologist), and the highest office vacancy rate in the nation (30%). Energy and mining are still important in Denver's economy today, with companies such as Newmont Mining, Patina Oil and Gas, and Antero Resources.
Denver's west-central geographic location in the Mountain Time Zone (UTC −7) also benefits the telecommunications industry by allowing communication with both North American coasts, South America, Europe, and Asia in the same business day. Denver's location on the 105th meridian west at over 1 mile in elevation also enables it to be the largest city in the U.S. to offer a 'one-bounce' real-time satellite uplink to six continents in the same business day. Qwest Communications, EchoStar, Starz-Encore, and Comcast are just a few of the telecommunications companies with operations in the Denver area. These and other high-tech companies had a boom in Denver in the mid to late 1990s, but the technology bust in the new millennium caused Denver to lose many of those technology jobs. Recently the Denver area has started making a comeback, with the October 2005 unemployment at 4.7% the lowest since September 2001. Denver government and industry leaders are attempting to diversify the Denver economy so that it is less susceptible to boom and bust cycles.
Agriculture
Colorado's agriculture supports a $47 billion dollar economy with more than 426,000 employees and $1.7 billion in exports. Farming and ranching takes 32 million acres of Colorado land. Colorado's agriculture consumes 88% of the state's water or 4.7 million acre feet. The northeast of the state has the most agricultural business.
Drought has been one of the main risks to the agricultural industry. From 2012-2013 drought fulled a political push for the federal government to subsidize crop insurance. This led to $196 million in subsidy to Colorado farmers in 2014. Colorado farmers paid over $71.3 million for crop insurance in 2020.
Colorado's agricultural industry has been fueled by agricultural technology especially through research with Colorado State University which began as a agricultural school in 1870.
Aerospace
Colorado is one of the top locations for the aerospace industry in the world. Colorado has offices for most of the major Aerospace companies such as Ball, Lockheed-Martin, Raytheon Technologies, Boeing, L3Harris Technologies, ULA, Northrop Grumman, Sierra Space, and Maxar Technologies. This industry employs over 240,000 Coloradans in 280 companies. The industry continued to experience strong growth of 7.2% in 2019 to contribute over $15 billion to the state economy.
The aerospace industry thrives in Colorado due its centrality which prevents foreign attack, support from Fort Carson, and the highly educated population. Research also comes from government funded labs such as NIST, LASP, NOAA, and UCAR. The University of Colorado Boulder also has one of the nations top aerospace programs, receiving more NASA research funds than any other school.
See also
Colorado Companies
List of companies with Denver area operations
List of power stations in Colorado
References
External links
The State of Colorado
The City and County of Denver
Economy of the Southwestern United States |
4003747 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fred%20Yakich | Fred Yakich | Fred Yakich (born in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian former rugby league footballer for the Manly in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition.
References
External links
Profile from NRL stats
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Manly Warringah Sea Eagles players
Rugby league centres
Rugby league players from Sydney
Year of birth missing (living people) |
5399245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarence%20Dock | Clarence Dock | Clarence Dock may refer to:
Clarence Dock (Leeds), Leeds, Historic Site and retail, tourist and leisure destination
Clarence Dock (Liverpool), Liverpool, Historic Site |
4003751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philadelphia%20QFest | Philadelphia QFest | Philadelphia QFest was founded in Philadelphia as the Philadelphia Gay and Lesbian Film Festival by TLA Entertainment Group in 1995. It was given its current name, QFest, in 2009. One of the festival's founders and current Artistic Director, Raymond Murray, describes QFest's mission as giving gay and lesbian audiences the opportunity to see films that accurately reflect their life experiences without the filter of the "straight" Hollywood system.
The event is the third largest of its kind in the US, and the largest on the East Coast. The festival is held in Center City Philadelphia in various venues near and on the Avenue of the Arts. Film screenings take place at the Prince Music Theater, the Wilma Theater, and several other locations that differ from year to year. It takes place for two weeks annually in mid-July and shows as many as 200 films from more than 40 countries. There is a juried competition for best features and shorts (gay male and lesbian) as well as audience awards, selected by the viewers.
In 2014, QFest was canceled for the first year since its founding in 1995. Due to lack of fundraising and the unavailability of Raymond Murray to lead the film programming, the festival was postponed and then canceled for the year.
Due to the cancellation of the festival in 2014, Thom Cardwell, QFest head, and James Duggan announced that they would launching qFLIX Philadelphia to take its place. QFLIX is a weeklong festival that that presents independent international and national LGBTQ+ films
An event known as "There's No Place Like Home" is a two-week long celebration that takes place concurrently with QFest. This offers alternate activities for patrons to attend in between and after film screenings. The event is held in celebration of Philadelphia's thriving "Gayborhood" and has featured a ribbon-cutting ceremony, block parties, photo exhibits and many other special events throughout the festival.
TLA had previously hosted an annual lesbian and gay film festival in the 1980s at the two cinemas the company ran in Philadelphia at that time: the TLA on South Street and the Roxy Screening Room on Sansom Street. However, it lacked the visibility, influence and longevity of the more recent festival.
See also
Philadelphia Asian American Film Festival
Philadelphia Film Festival
References
External links
http://www.qflixphilly.com
Film festivals in Philadelphia
LGBT events in Pennsylvania
LGBT film festivals in the United States
LGBT culture in Philadelphia
Film festivals established in 1995
1995 establishments in Pennsylvania |
5399249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20A.%20Flaherty | James A. Flaherty | James A. Flaherty (July 3, 1853 – January 2, 1937) was the sixth Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus, serving from September 1, 1909 to August 31, 1927.
Early life
Flaherty was born on July 3, 1853 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania to Irish immigrants. He graduated from the University of Pennsylvania Law School in the 1870s. Flaherty practiced law for sixty-two years in Philadelphia as a lawyer specializing in settlement cases in the Orphan Court.
Knights of Columbus
In 1909 Flaherty was elected Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus and served in the position until he retired on August 31, 1927. During his term in office, the Knights of Columbus engaged in significant work helping U.S. servicemen during World War I and civilians in the aftermath of the war. He received many honors for his work and that of the Knights, including the Croix de Guerre from the government of France. He was also awarded a medal from Secretary of War Newton D. Baker.
Death
Flaherty died from pneumonia at his home on the evening of January 2, 1937. He left three children. A son, Joseph A. Flaherty O.S.A., was president of Villanova University from 1965 to 1967.
Gallery
References
External links
Lawyers from Philadelphia
American Roman Catholics
American people of Irish descent
1853 births
1937 deaths
University of Pennsylvania Law School alumni
Pennsylvania lawyers
Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus
Deputy Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus |
4003755 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJSL | CJSL | CJSL is a Canadian radio station licensed to Estevan, Saskatchewan, and serves the southeastern portion of the province. CJSL broadcasts a country format as well as live sports.
The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting, which also owns Estevan's two FM stations, CHSN-FM and CKSE-FM. Hockey games involving the senior Big 6 Hockey League are broadcast by the station in the winter, while in the summer the station carries Toronto Blue Jays baseball.
History
CJSL began as a satellite station of Weyburn's CFSL after the Soo Line Broadcasting Company Ltd. applied to use the frequency of 1280 kHz. In August 1961, CJSL signed on the air with a power of 1,000 watts, effectively becoming Estevan's first radio station. The original studios were located at 1235 4th Street, Estevan, before moving to 5th Street in 1969.
In 1977, CJSL applied to the CRTC to increase full-time power from 1,000 watts to 10,000 watts. The increase was approved in principle by the CRTC, but a final decision was delayed. The delay was caused by concerns from CJME Regina, who then operated at a frequency of 1300 kHz. The power increase was granted in 1978 after an agreement was reached with CJME.
In the 1980s, the station became known as Super Country CJSL.
In 1995, both CJSL and CFSL were sold to Frontier City Broadcasting Company, now known as Golden West Broadcasting. The station dropped the "Super Country" moniker and became known simply as CJ 1280, using the tagline "Today's best country, and your all time favourites".
On May 28, 2014, Golden West Broadcasting received CRTC approval to change CJSL's frequency to 1150 kHz. In November 2014, CJSL switched frequencies to its current frequency at 1150 kHz.
References
External links
CJ 1150
Jsl
Estevan
Jsl
Jsl
Radio stations established in 1961
1961 establishments in Saskatchewan |
4003758 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goschwin%20Nickel | Goschwin Nickel | Goswin Nickel (1582 - 31 July 1664) was a German Jesuit priest and the tenth Superior-General of the Society of Jesus.
Goswin was born in Koslar, North-Westphalia (Germany). He studied in Paderborn and Mainz (1611–1615), where he was promoted priest on 28 October 1614.
He was elected Superior-General less than a week after the death of his predecessor Aloysius Gottifredi, on 17 March 1652.
During these years the quarrels with the Jansenist theologians were growing more and more acrimonious, especially in France where Blaise Pascal, French scientist, philosopher and Jansenist sympathizer was leading the attack on the Jesuits. The great controversy on the Chinese Rites (1645) continued. Owing to his great age, Father Nickel obtained from the 11th General Congregation the election of Gian Paolo Oliva as vicar-general with right of succession (on 7 June 1661). This was approved by Alexander VII.
The German novelist Thomas Mann mentions Nickel in his famous book The Magic Mountain, bringing up a relatively forgotten quote by the Superior-General about love for one's fatherland, which Nickel called "a plague with the most certain death of Christian love". This notion of Nickel's has already been touched on in the Finnish philosopher Edward Westermark's book The Origin and Development of Moral Ideas, back in 1917.
Nickel died in Rome.
References
Attribution
1582 births
1664 deaths
16th-century German people
17th-century German Jesuits
17th-century German theologians
People from Jülich
Superiors General of the Society of Jesus
17th-century German writers
17th-century German male writers |
4003760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium%20diuranate | Ammonium diuranate | Ammonium diuranate or (ADU) ((NH4)2U2O7), is one of the intermediate chemical forms of uranium produced during yellowcake production. The name "yellowcake" originally given to this bright yellow salt, now applies to mixtures of uranium oxides which are actually hardly ever yellow. It also is an intermediate in mixed-oxide (MOX) fuel fabrication. Although it is usually called "ammonium diuranate" as though it has a "diuranate" ion , this is not necessarily the case. It can also be called diammonium diuranium heptaoxide. The structure is said to be similar to that of uranium dioxide dihydrate.
It is precipitated by adding aqueous ammonium hydroxide after uranium extraction by tertiary amines in kerosene. This precipitate is then thickened and centrifuged before being calcined to uranium oxide. Canadian practice favours the production of uranium oxide from ammonium diuranate, rather than from uranyl nitrate as is the case elsewhere.
Ammonium diuranate was once used to produce colored glazes in ceramics. However when being fired this will decompose to uranium oxide, so the uranate was only used as a lower cost material than the fully purified uranium oxide.
References
Uranates
Nuclear materials
Ammonium compounds |
4003769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mingshui%20County | Mingshui County | Mingshui County () is a county of Heilongjiang Province, China. It is under the jurisdiction of the prefecture-level city of Suihua. Its population was 336,649 in 1999.
Administrative divisions
Mingshui County is divided into 4 subdistricts, 6 towns and 6 townships.
4 subdistricts
Mingyang (), Mingyuan (), Mingxin (), Mingquan ()
6 towns
Mingshui (), Xingren (), Yongxing (), Chongde (), Tongda (), Shuangxing ()
6 townships
Yongjiu (), Shuren (), Guangrong (), Fanrong (), Tongquan (), Yulin ()
Notes and references
County level divisions of Heilongjiang |
4003776 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Fanshawe | David Fanshawe | David Arthur Fanshawe (19 April 1942 – 5 July 2010) was an English composer and self-styled explorer with a fervent interest in world music. His best-known composition is the 1972 choral work African Sanctus.
Life
Fanshawe was born in Paignton in Devon in 1942. His father was an officer in the Royal Artillery who played a central role in the planning of D-Day. His father's stories of military service in India fired Fanshawe's enthusiasm for travel and adventure. His first ambition was to be an explorer, but when he attended St George's School, Windsor Castle and Stowe School he discovered a love of music. His severe dyslexia, however, prevented him from reading a musical score and becoming a chorister.
At Stowe School he spent much of his spare time learning to play the piano, and when he was 17 he was discovered by the mother of a school friend, a French baroness who tutored him in the piano even after he left the school in 1959. He started his adult career as a musician and film editor for a small production company in Wimbledon in London who made documentary films. In 1965 Fanshawe won a scholarship to the Royal College of Music, where he studied composition under John Lambert. During his holidays he continued to travel widely in Europe and the Middle East. During a summer spent hitchhiking in Afghanistan he heard Islamic music for the first time and was immediately attracted to its beauty. During further travels in Iraq and Bahrain he recorded the traditional music he heard.
On completing his studies in 1969, Fanshawe travelled up the Nile from the Mediterranean Sea, visiting Egypt, Sudan, Uganda and Kenya over a three-year period before finally reaching Lake Victoria. He brought a small stereo tape recorder on his journey and would persuade local musicians to play for him. Returning to the United Kingdom in 1972 with several hundreds of hours of recordings made during his travels, Fanshawe used the material to compose what became his best known work, African Sanctus. 'African Sanctus' was written and conceived with David's first wife, Judith Croasdell, in the 1970s in their first home in East Sheen, London, after many perilous trips to Africa together.After this work he became widely known for the composition of choral works. Besides vocal pieces, he also composed the score for films and television, including films such as Tarka the Otter (1979) and Dirty Weekend (1993), and TV productions such as the BBC's Softly, Softly: Taskforce and When the Boat Comes In and also ITV's The Feathered Serpent, Flambards and The Good Companions. His ethnic field recordings have featured in countless TV documentaries, including Musical Mariner and Tropical Beat, as well as various feature films including Mountains of the Moon, How to Make an American Quilt, Seven Years in Tibet and Gangs of New York.
During a ten-year odyssey across the islands of the Pacific Ocean begun in 1978, Fanshawe collected several thousand hours of indigenous music, and documented the music and oral traditions of Polynesia, Micronesia and Melanesia in journals and photographs. These pieces form the core of his collection, an archive of approximately 2,000 hours of ethnic music and 60,000 images. Pacific Song, a movement based on this material, premiered in Miami in 2007. This was the first completed section of Pacific Odyssey, a new choral work which Fanshawe conceived on a grander scale than African Sanctus. He did not complete the work by the time of his death.
Fanshawe detailed his plans for Pacific Odyssey in an interview with Rory Johnston on Music Now on the BBC World Service, 15 January 1986. An extended version of this including Fanshawe’s recordings and a movement of an intermezzo is on You Tube. Johnston also recorded a discussion in depth with Fanshawe about his life and work, approaching two and a half hours. This is in Johnston’s possession.
The University of the West of England awarded the honorary degree of Doctor of Music to Fanshawe in 2007 for his pursuit of musical excellence and for introducing music into lives of people who could neither read nor write music. Fanshawe also earned a Churchill Fellowship and a nomination for an Ivor Novello Award for the recording of African Sanctus.
Fanshawe married Judith Croasdell Grant in 1971; they had two children together, Alexander and Rebecca. The marriage was dissolved in 1985. He married his second wife, Jane in 1985, with whom he had a daughter, Rachel. His younger brother is James, a former naval officer.
He lived near Ramsbury in Wiltshire in England. He died on 5 July 2010 from a stroke.
Selected works
African Sanctus, a work for soprano, alto, tenor and bass choir, soloists, percussion and tapes
from which "The Lord's Prayer" is also performed separately
Spirit of African Sanctus (source tapes from above)
Softly, Softly: Taskforce - television theme
The Feathered Serpent – television score
When the Boat Comes In – television score
Flambards – television score
The Good Companions - television score
Tarka the Otter - film score
Dirty Weekend - film score
Dona Nobis Pacem – A Hymn for World Peace
Dover Castle
Requiem for the Children of Aberfan
The Awakening for cello or viola and piano
Planet Earth – Fanfare and March
Serenata
Pacific Song – Chants from the Kingdom of Tonga
Musical Mariner: Pacific Journey (from the PBS Television series Adventure)
References
External links
Official website
David Fanshawe's Pacific Music Archive tapes held by the National Film and Sound Archive
Obituary in The Daily Telegraph
Obituary in the Wiltshire Gazette and Herald
1942 births
2010 deaths
People educated at St George's School, Windsor Castle
People educated at Stowe School
People from Paignton
English composers
Light music composers
Alumni of the Royal College of Music
Ethnomusicologists
English musicologists
Musicians from Devon |
5399256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ONCE%20%28cycling%20team%29 | ONCE (cycling team) | ONCE cycling team, () also known as Liberty Seguros, Liberty Seguros–Würth and in succession in its final year, Astana–Würth and Astana was a Spanish cycling team. It competed in the UCI ProTour circuit.
On 25 May 2006, Liberty Mutual ("seguros" means "insurance" in Spanish) pulled out of primary sponsorship due to a doping scandal involving the directeur sportif, Manolo Saiz. On 2 June 2006, the team acquired a primary sponsor named Astana, after the capital of Kazakhstan. Würth was co-sponsor until 3 July 2006, withdrawing at the end of the 2006 Tour de France, in which didn't compete . At the end of the season, Astana also withdrew due to the non-participation in the Tour. On 16 December 2006, the UCI withdrew the ProTour licence of Saiz's company, Active Bay .
Some riders and staff formed the Kazakhstan-based Astana Team.
History
ONCE
The team traces its lineage to the Spanish team, ONCE, sponsored by a lottery for the blind. Manolo Saiz, one of few managers who was not a former rider, introduced more professional management, closer supervision in coaching, equipment and training. In the 2003 Vuelta he was banned from the race after insulting a motorcycle-mounted TV cameraman, his comments broadcast live.
ONCE team was known for its association with Laurent Jalabert and Alex Zülle in the 1990s, dominating spring races such as Paris–Nice, La Flèche Wallonne and the Tour de Romandie. The team won the Vuelta a España in 1995, 1996 and 1997. It dominated the 1995 Vuelta with Jalabert winning overall, the points competition and the mountains. It was also best team, with Johan Bruyneel third. ONCE team in the Tour de France had stage wins from Jalabert and domination in the team time trial.
Zülle won the Vuelta in 1996 and 1997 but left the team in 1998. The team signed the 1998 winner and individual time trial specialist, Abraham Olano, who challenged in the 1999 Vuelta but never won a second Grand Tour. Joseba Beloki became leader and challenged Armstrong in the 2002 and 2003 Tours.
Isidro Nozal led the 2003 Vuelta until Roberto Heras took the lead on the penultimate day. ONCE's sponsorship was so successful that brand penetration was 100% in Spain, meaning every Spaniard surveyed knew ONCE. At the end of 2003 ONCE stopped sponsorship. Saiz obtained a new sponsor, Liberty Mutual. Most of the riders stayed, including Isidro Nozal and Igor González de Galdeano. Saiz signed Heras; he did not perform well at the 2004 Tour de France but won the 2004 Vuelta after a battle with Santiago Pérez.
Liberty Seguros
In the 2005 the team started with wins in the Tour Down Under through Alberto Contador and Luis León Sánchez. In the 2005 Tour the team won the stage to Mende courtesy of Marcos Antonio Serrano, reminiscent of Laurent Jalabert's win in 1995.
Alexander Vinokourov joined in 2006 for three seasons to challenge for top finish in the Tour de France. Fellow Kazakhstan riders Andrei Kashechkin, formerly of Crédit Agricole, and Sergei Yakovlev also joined.
On 25 November, Roberto Heras was fired after a urine sample from the 2005 Vuelta a España, which he had won, tested positive for the blood-boosting drug EPO. Heras was stripped of what would have been a record-breaking fourth win and banned for two years.
Sponsorship Changes and 2006 Season
On 23 May 2006, Saiz was arrested in relation to the Operación Puerto blood doping scandal. Liberty Mutual retracted sponsorship on 25 May 2006, promising only to finance current obligations. On 2 June 2006, the team acquired a new primary sponsor - named Astana, the capital of Kazakhstan - for three years, with an option to extend to six. It was headed by a consortium of five Kazakh companies. Long before Saiz was ensnared in Operación Puerto, the team had been notorious for doping dating back to its days as ONCE, and was considered one of the dirtiest teams in the European peloton.
On June 30, 2006, Astana-Würth was excluded from the 2006 Tour de France after five riders were implicated in a doping scandal, leaving Vinokourov with three remaining teammates, below the minimum six for the Tour. Würth stopped its commitment on 3 of July.
On 26 July 2006, the five riders excluded from the Tour were cleared by Spanish officials, and the team returned to competition at the Tour of Germany in August, Assan Bazayev winning the first stage. One rider, Joseba Beloki, would never ride a professional race again.
At the end of 2006, Saiz listed Astana as his team's backer. Astana also claimed to have withdrawn support due to non-participation in the Tour. On 16 December 2006, the UCI withdrew the ProTour license of Saiz's Active Bay company.
Victories in the later years of the team's existence
2002 results
2003 results
2004 results
2005 results
2006 results
Notable riders
References
External links
Defunct cycling teams based in Spain
Cycling teams established in 1989
Cycling teams disestablished in 2006
Former UCI WorldTeams |
5399264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunsong | Sunsong | Sunsong is an anthology series of secondary school textbooks published by Longman Caribbean, from 1987. The last book in the series, Sunsong: Tide Rising has been discontinued, but the Books 1-3 remain in use in Caribbean schools. The books consist of a vast selection of poems from some of the literary genre's most famous writers, from the Caribbean and abroad.
The books' editors were Pamela Mordecai and Grace Walker Gordon.
Books in the series
Sunsong 1 ()
Sunsong 2 ()
Sunsong 3 ()
Sunsong: Tide Rising ()
External links
Official site at Pearson Education
Publications established in 1987
Poetry anthologies
Caribbean literature |
5399266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mimino | Mimino | Mimino (, , ) is a 1977 comedy film by Soviet director Georgiy Daneliya produced by Mosfilm and Gruziya-film, starring Vakhtang Kikabidze and Frunzik Mkrtchyan. Anatoliy Petritskiy served as the film's Director of Photography. The Soviet era comedy won the 1977 Golden Prize at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival.
Plot
Georgian bush pilot Valiko Mizandari a.k.a. Mimino (Vakhtang Kikabidze) works at small local airline, flying helicopters between small villages. But he starts to dreams of piloting large international airliners, when he meets his former flight academy classmate accompanied by pretty stewardess Larisa, whom he wishes to impress, assured that bush pilot doesnt have a single chance. So he decides to go to Moscow to follow his dream. There in a hotel he meets Armenian truck driver Ruben Khachikyan (Frunzik Mkrtchyan) who is given a place in that hotel by mistake instead of another Khachikyan (Professor), and they have many adventures in Moscow together.
Always amicable and open to people, Mimino does not feel at home in the Big World. Nevertheless, he becomes a pilot of a supersonic jet liner, the Tupolev Tu-144, flying all over the world, including San Francisco, USA. Feeling homesick, he finally comes back to his native town of Telavi in Georgia, to his family and friends.
Mimino's real name in the film is Valiko Mizandari—his nickname "Mimino" () is the Georgian word for sparrow hawk, although it is stated on the back cover of the DVD that "Mimino" means falcon.
Cast
Vakhtang Kikabidze as Mimino (as Valiko Mizandari)
Frunzik Mkrtchyan as Rubik (Ruben Khachikyan)
Elena Proklova as Larisa Ivanovna Komarova
Yevgeny Leonov as Volokhov
Kote Daushvili as Grandfather (as Konstantin Daushvili)
Ruslan Miqaberidze as Givi Ivanovich
Zakro Sakhvadze as Varlaam
Leonid Kuravlyov as Professor Khachikyan
Marina Dyuzheva as Advocate (as Mariya Dyuzheva)
Rusiko Morchiladze as Lali
Archil Gomiashvili as Papashvili
as Prosecutor (as A. Alekseyev)
Vladimir Basov as Sinitsyn (as V. Basov)
Valentina Titova as Sinitsyn's Wife (as V. Titova)
Lyudmila Gavrilova as symposium organizer
Nikolay Grabbe as aviation officer, Volokhov's war friend
DVD Extras
The film's cinematographer, Anatoliy Petritskiy, is interviewed about the film. He reminisces about his experiences working with Daneliya and the actors. He had known Daneliya for some time and had seen several of his films. He was very happy to receive the offer to work with him. Initially the two were working on a different film in 1977, and discussed the doubts they had about the script, after which they decided to work on Mimino as an alternative. Petritskiy was surprised that Goskino had already approved the film and that funding had been secured, and the project moved forward. Petritskiy discusses the locations of the various shots in the film, to include various villages in Georgia, the Tbilisi airport, Moscow, and what was then West Germany. According to Petritskiy, casting the film was not a problem, as Daneliya was familiar with all of the actors in the film. More strange to the cinematographer, was Daneliya's wish to shoot scenes in the mountainous region Tushetia, because it was a very remote area that could only be reached by helicopter, rather than roads. Petritskiy described the conditions as "medieval". He noted that the lack of electricity had "put its stamp of the character of the population of Omalo", which basically lived without light. He described the society as "patriarchic". He describes this as the conflict in the film—the conflict between the simple way of life and the way of life in the big city—this is the meaning of the film as he sees it. It is because of this that he filmed the movie in a very simple style, "a restrained style". He points out that even the portions of the film shot in Moscow are static shots or simple panoramas. He considers the landscapes of Georgia in the film to be "extremely beautiful". Petritskiy then discusses the various shots at airports, which were done as a montage—the helicopter in Tbilisi, and the magnificent TU plane shot in Moscow. Initially the latter part of the film was to be shot in America, but because of "purely budgetary reasons" according to Petritskiy, the cast and crew could not film there, so opted to shoot in West Berlin. Thus, the script was revised. Petritskiy notes that the Soviets were in power during 1977, so it was arranged that the group would stay in East Berlin—again "for economic reasons", and every day had to cross the border to the American zone to film at the Tegel Airport. As for the scenes with the cow (hanging from the helicopter), it was shot in two stages—a papier-mache dummy of a cow was used with the helicopter for the far off shots, and a live cow was lifted by a crane was used for the close-ups. He notes that the cow was only hung at a low height, but high enough to use the blue sky as a backdrop, and the cow was not hurt. Petritskiy did not consider the scene to be difficult, pointing out that the winter scenes were much harder. He details the harsh living conditions in the village of Darklo where they stayed. He describes how few locals stay during the winter, and how the living quarters were not guarded or locked, but housed a few shepherds who had stayed back for the winter. He explains how there were "sleep-benches" within the houses, and how they lived on canned preserves during their stay, sharing their "feast" with the hungry shepherds there. In conclusion, Petritskiy notes how he "got a very pleasant impression from the work on that film," noting that it was shown at the Moscow International Film Festival and won the top prize there.
Awards
1977 – Golden Prize at the 10th Moscow International Film Festival
1978 – "Golden Lacheno" Award at the 19th IFF in Avellino (Italy)
1978 – Best Comedy Film Award at the 11th All-Union Film Festival in Yerevan
1978 – USSR State Prize (Director G. Daneliya, Actors V. Kikabidze, F. Mkrtchyan)
References
External links
Mimino full-length on YouTube (includes English subtitles)
Monument to “Mimino” Heroes to Be Erected in Moscow
1977 films
1977 comedy films
1970s multilingual films
Mosfilm films
Comedy films from Georgia (country)
Russian-language films
Georgian-language films
Films directed by Georgiy Daneliya
Russian aviation films
Soviet-era films from Georgia (country)
Georgian words and phrases
Soviet multilingual films
Soviet comedy films
Films set in Berlin
Films set in Georgia (country)
Films set in Moscow
Films set in the Soviet Union
Films shot in Georgia (country)
Films shot in Berlin
Films shot in Moscow
Russian comedy films
Films about aviators
Courtroom films
Films from Georgia (country)
Multilingual films from Georgia (country) |
5399268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Undertow%20Orchestra | The Undertow Orchestra | The Undertow Orchestra was an indie rock "supergroup" organized by Bob Andrews of Undertow Music Collective. The band existed only as a touring ensemble and consisted of "four of today’s most under the radar, yet prolific singer-songwriters," David Bazan (of Pedro the Lion and Headphones), Mark Eitzel (of American Music Club), Will Johnson (of Centro-Matic), and Vic Chesnutt. Each band member took turns on stage playing his own songs, as the other members acted as his backing band. The group performed a live radio show,
References
American indie rock groups
Supergroups (music)
Musical quartets
Musical groups established in 2006
Musical groups disestablished in 2006 |
5399272 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20L.%20Hearn | Edward L. Hearn | Count Edward Leo Hearn (August 2, 1865 – July 12, 1945) was the fifth Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus from April 1, 1899, to August 31, 1909.
Early life and career
Hearn was born in the Fort Hill neighborhood of Roxbury in Boston, Massachusetts, in 1865 to Irish immigrants. His father was a tailor, and he had two brothers and a sister. One brother, Edward, became a Jesuit priest. The family moved to Hopkinton, Massachusetts, and he graduated from Hopkinton High School.
Hearn had private tutors who prepared him for college, but upon graduation instead went to work at a shoe factory. He then became a traveling salesman and opened a shoe store in Laconia, New Hampshire. He eventually became president of the insurance firm the Casualty Company of America. For a time he lived in South Framingham, Massachusetts.
He was friends with Joseph Pelletier and Condé Benoist Pallen.
Knights of Columbus
Massachusetts
Hearn was the founding grand knight of the Couer de Leon Council of the Knights of Columbus in Framingham, Massachusetts. He served three terms as grand knight from 1894 to 1896, and from 1895 to 1899 was a supreme director of the order. In 1897 he was elected the second State Deputy of the Massachusetts Knights of Columbus from February 2, 1897, to September 1, 1899. As state deputy, he increased the number of councils to over 100, and to over 10,000 members.
Supreme Knight
At the 1899 convention, Hearn was in his hotel room when Congressman William S. McNary knocked on his door on the evening following the first session. McNary and several others entered his room and informed him that after a night of caucusing that he was their choice for Supreme Knight. Hearn initially declined, citing the demands of his job as a traveling salesman. He eventually agreed to allow his name to be put forth, and the next morning he was elected the fifth Supreme Knight in 1899 by a vote of 30-26. He would hold that office for ten years.
Following his election, Hearn moved to New Haven, Connecticut. During those years the number of councils grew from around 300 to over 1,300, membership climbed from 40,000 to nearly 230,000, and 40 new jurisdictions were established. The Order also spread further across the country in 31 states and the around globe in Mexico, Cuba, Panama, and the Philippines.
During a visit to Mexico City in September 1905 to oversee the establishment of Guadalupe Council number 1050, the first council south of the Rio Grande, he was greeted by Mexican President Porfirio Díaz at the home of John B. Frisbie. During his second visit the following February to confer the third degree, a banquet was held in his honor and he met with Archbishop Próspero Alarcón.
As Supreme Knight, he was instrumental in raising funds to endow a chair of American history at The Catholic University of America. Hearn, who viewed the Order as a sort of Catholic anti-defamation league, said at the presentation of the check that "non-Catholic historians ... find no room in their histories to laud the magnificent work done in the early days of the nation by the Catholic missionaries and Catholic pioneers, ...These are the evils we seek to remedy by founding this Chair of American History." He also raised funds to establish a scholarship fund for graduate students to attend the national university.
As Supreme Knight, Hearn also oversaw the institution of the Fourth Degree of the order and was involved in Catholic anti-deformation efforts.
European work
Hearn declined another term as Supreme Knight, but retired from the insurance industry in 1910 so that he could work full-time with the Knights of Columbus. During and after the Knights' efforts in World War I, Hearn became the Knights' Overseas Commissioner, overseeing the order's support of the troops and post-war rehabilitation work.
He was also called upon by the Vatican to oversee several charitable works, including the Knights' project to build playgrounds for children in Rome. This request came at the personal request of Pope Benedict XV, who was worried about Protestant churches who were moving into Rome, dedicating churches on the "Anniversary of the Downfall of Papal Power," and setting up athletic facilities with the intent of converting the young people of Rome. Benedict's successor, Pope Pius XI, insisted that the facilities be open to all regardless of religion, a prospect which pleased Hearn, and donated a parcel of land for the project, that he could see from his apartment in the Vatican.
As Hearn was preparing to shut down the Order's work in Europe in the early 1920s, he reported back that Pope Benedict's request came as a surprise to him. Following the request, he proposed that the Knights should establish a headquarters in Rome where English speaking tourists could be received and at least two athletic fields with showering facilities to be overseen by Italians. The Board approved Hearn's requests and awarded him an initial salary of $6,000 a year, which was later increased to $10,000 a year.
Several years later, amid tensions between the Italian government and the Vatican, comments attributed to Hearn in a Paris newspaper caused the Vatican to ask the Knights to recall Hearn back to the United States. Hearn, who had already announced his intention to retire following the completion of a project in Rome, returned to the United States in the early 1930s. Upon his return, the Board authorized a temporary salary of $5,000 a year for Hearn to work as a consultant to the Order.
Personal life and later years
Hearn was honored with the Order of St. Sylvester, Order of St. Gregory the Great, Order of Malta, and the Order of St. Pius IX. He was created a Papal count by Pope Pius XI in 1926. France awarded him the Legion of Honor and Belgium decorated him with the Order of Leopold II. He was also a Privy Chamberlain of the Order of the Sword and the Cape.
With his wife, Mary ( Healey), Hearn had one son and one daughter. After stepping down as Supreme Knight, he moved to Mamaroneck, New York. Hearn died July 12, 1945, in Mamaroneck. He was buried at St. Peter's Cemetery in Great Barrington, Massachusetts. The gravesite was restored and a plaque was added in 1990.
Notes
References
Works cited
1866 births
1945 deaths
Papal counts
People from Boston
People from Roxbury, Boston
People from Framingham, Massachusetts
People from Hopkinton, Massachusetts
People from Laconia, New Hampshire
People from Mamaroneck, New York
New Haven, Connecticut
Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus
Catholics from Massachusetts
Papal chamberlains
Knights of the Order of St. Sylvester
Knights of St. Gregory the Great
Knights of the Order of Pope Pius IX
Knights of Malta
Recipients of the Order of Leopold II |
5399281 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venusian%20Lullaby | Venusian Lullaby | Venusian Lullaby is an original novel written by Paul Leonard and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the First Doctor, Ian and Barbara.
Plot
When the Doctor, Ian and Barbara arrive on Venus, they find an ancient civilization on the edge of extinction. Conflict brews between those who accept oblivion and those desperate for salvation. Then a space-traveling race arrives, offering to rescue the Venusians by transporting them to Earth, three billion years before man is due to evolve. But are the visitors' motivations that simple, and can the Doctor allow the sacrifice of humanity's future to save another species?
Trivia
The title refers to a favourite tune of the Third Doctor's, the "Venusian" words of which were first heard in The Dæmons, where the first line is said to mean "Close your eyes, my darling, (well, three of them at least)". The rough transliteration of the song follows ("h" in "haroon" is silent):
Klokleda partha menin klatch,
haroon haroon haroon,
Klokleda sheenah tierra natch,
haroon haroon haroon,
Haroon haroon haroon...
The words were put to music and sung by Jon Pertwee in both The Curse of Peladon and The Monster of Peladon, in actuality the tune of the Christmas carol "God Rest Ye Merry Gentlemen".
Sequel
By the Time I Get to Venus, or Recuerda by Blair Bidmead, a novella featuring the pulp character Señor 105 visiting the ancient Venus of Venusian Lullaby, was published in e-book form by Manleigh Books in 2012. The e-book's use of the novel's continuity was licensed by Paul Leonard.
References
External links
The Cloister Library - Venusian Lullaby
1994 British novels
1994 science fiction novels
Virgin Missing Adventures
First Doctor novels
British science fiction novels
Novels set on Venus
Novels by Paul Leonard |
5399286 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McAuley%20Schenker%20Group | McAuley Schenker Group | McAuley Schenker Group were an American band based in Los Angeles featuring core members Robin McAuley (vocals) and Michael Schenker (guitar), a successor (and eventual predecessor) to Schenker's earlier band Michael Schenker Group. McAuley was initially contacted to replace singer Gary Barden in MSG. However, the strong partnership immediately formed between McAuley and Schenker led to the change of the name from Michael Schenker Group to McAuley Schenker Group, retaining the same initials of the previous band MSG.
The band consisted of German, Irish, American, and British members and could be considered a supergroup as all members had solid musical careers; for example, guitarist Steve Mann has performed on albums by Tytan, Sweet, Saxon and alongside bassist Rocky Newton in Lionheart. Newton had previously fronted the short-lived late-1970s group The Next Band, which also featured one-time Def Leppard drummer Frank Noon. Guitarist Mitch Perry had replaced Yngwie Malmsteen in Steeler, played with Billy Sheehan in Talas and recorded an album with Australian hard rockers Heaven. Drummer Bodo Schopf had credits with among others Eloy and later joined Steve Mann in Sweet. They relocated to Los Angeles, trying to exploit the increasing popularity of hard rock and glam metal in the US. They released three studio albums, one EP and an acoustic live album before disbanding.
Their first album Perfect Timing was released in 1987, and included their first hit "Gimme Your Love". Two years later, Save Yourself was released, giving this incarnation of MSG its biggest hit with the power ballad "Anytime". M.S.G. followed in 1992 and "Unplugged" Live came out in 1993.
After the 1992 tour with a strictly acoustic set and the release of the unplugged live, in 1993 McAuley and Schenker went their separate ways, the first getting married and retiring from the music scene for a few years, the latter working on his first solo album and eventually reforming the Michael Schenker Group in 1996.
After a stint fronting Survivor, McAuley started cooperating with Schenker again, playing 26 shows across the US in February and March 2012.
Discography
Studio albums
Perfect Timing (1987)
Save Yourself (1989)
M.S.G. (1991)
Live albums
"Unplugged" Live (1992)
Extended plays
Nightmare: The Acoustic M.S.G. (1992)
References
External links
McAuley Schenker Group at Discogs
British glam metal musical groups
British hard rock musical groups
British heavy metal musical groups
German glam metal musical groups
German hard rock musical groups
German heavy metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups disestablished in 1993 |
5399290 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juanita%20Tate | Juanita Tate | Juanita Tate (1938 – July 5, 2004) was an American community activist who organized to address issues related to environmentalism, housing, and economic access for all residents in South Central Los Angeles. She is responsible for leading efforts to address housing and food disparities in South Central after the '92 riots. She was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, and relocated to the city of Los Angeles in the early 1980s. After the 1992 Los Angeles riots, she and Robin Cannon helped to found Concerned Citizens of South Central LA.
Tate was a member of the City of Los Angeles's Environmental Action Commission from 2002 until her death from complications of a stroke.
There are plans for a school to be built named Juanita Tate Elementary School on land seized by the Los Angeles Unified School District from the Concerned Citizens of South Central LA.
There is a retail shopping center named for Juanita Tate, The Juanita Tate Marketplace. Opened in April 2014 in Southern Los Angeles, the retail shopping center built on a brownfield that was formerly a scrap yard and recycling center, commemorates her contribution to the community while she was a CCSCLA member. In April 2015 the marketplace was sold to private investors.
Honors
NAACP Legacy Award
Western Center for Law and Poverty Community Service Award
California Community Foundation Unsung Hero Award
California State Legislature Woman of the Year Award
See also
South Central Farm
Concerned Citizens of South Central LA
References
"Juanita Tate, Civil Rights Hero (1938-2004)", Center for Law in the Public Interest newsletter, 2004.
"Los Angeles Says Goodbye to Juanita Tate", An Environmental Affair, Volume 15, Issue 8, August 2004.
American environmentalists
American women environmentalists
American community activists
People from Los Angeles
Activists from Philadelphia
1938 births
2004 deaths
Activists from California
20th-century American women
20th-century American people
21st-century American women |
5399308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20J.%20Cone | John J. Cone | John J. Cone (born 1858 – January 1937) was the fourth Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus from 1898 to 1899 and Fire Commissioner of Jersey City, New Jersey.
Cone was a founding member of Jersey City Council #137 of the Knights of Columbus on November 3, 1895. In less than three years he was elected Supreme Knight after Supreme Knight Hayes died suddenly from complications from peritonitis.
Knights of Columbus
During Cone's time in charge, the Knights subscribed to war bonds in order to support the Spanish–American War. He also directed that soldiers and sailors were not to be disqualified from being insurance members. By the end of his time as Supreme Knight the order had reached as far west as the state of Minnesota.
Death
Cone died at his home in January 1937. He was 79 years old.
References
Catholics from New Jersey
Deputy Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus
People from Jersey City, New Jersey
Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus |
5399318 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20African%20Medical%20Association | South African Medical Association | The South African Medical Association (SAMA) is a non-statutory, professional association for public- and private-sector medical practitioners in South Africa. Registered as a non-profit organisation it acts as a trade union for its public-sector members. It is affiliated with the Congress of South African Trade Unions (COSATU).
Membership is voluntary, with some 70% of doctors in South Africa currently registered as members. The head office is situated in Pretoria, South Africa.
History
On 21 May 1998, the association was established from a merger between the Medical Association of South Africa, founded in 1927, and the Progressive Doctors' Group.
In 1999, it became affiliated with the National Medical Alliance, along with the South African Medical and Dental Practitioners, Society of Dispensing Family Practitioners, Family Practitioners Association, Dispensing Family Practitioners Association, and the Eastern Cape Medical Guild.
In 2022 its chairwoman, Dr Angelique Coetzee, stated in a radio interview that admission processes at medical schools are highly politicized, and that medical faculties implement race quotas. After she apologized for her statements and resigned as chairwoman, Dirk Hermann of Solidarity reiterated that race-based admission processes were explicitly included in admission policies, and stated that these were detrimental to white students and health care.
Business focus
Activities focus on the professional and business aspects of medical practice.
Mission
SAMA's mission statement is: "Empowering doctors to bring health to the nation."
Values:
Learning and adapting.
Building trust relationships.
Valuing diversity.
References
External links
SAMA – Official website
Congress of South African Trade Unions
Healthcare trade unions in South Africa
Trade unions in South Africa |
5399345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landulf%20VII%20of%20Capua | Landulf VII of Capua | Landulf VII (died 1007), also numbered Landulf IV or V (if Landulf I and II, who were not princes, are not counted), called Landolfo di Sant'Agata, was the prince of Capua from 1000 to his death. He was the second son of Landulf III of Benevento, who was only a co-ruler. Thus, he was easily removed from the succession on his father's death. His brother Pandulf eventually succeeded in becoming Prince of Benevento.
In 1000, the reigning prince of Capua, Adhemar, was overthrown. The brother of the reigning prince of Benevento was called in. Before he was elevated to princely status, he had been compensated with the county of Sant'Agata de' Goti, the site of a great fortress. Landulf ruled for seven years. He was succeeded by his young son Pandulf II and by his brother, who ruled Capua as regent and prince as Pandulf III.
Sources
Caravale, Mario (ed). Dizionario Biografico degli Italiani: LXIII, Labroca–Laterza. Rome: 2004.
11th-century Lombard people
1007 deaths
Landulf 7
11th-century rulers in Europe
Year of birth unknown |
5399354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House%20Tornado | House Tornado | House Tornado is an album by the alternative rock band Throwing Muses. Produced by Gary Smith and engineered by Paul Q. Kolderie, it was recorded at Fort Apache Studios in Cambridge, MA. The album was released in 1988 internationally on the 4AD label, except in the United States, where it was released by Sire Records. Sire used a different album cover for its release, as the label was putting a strong promotional push behind the band, and label executives favored a picture of the band over the collage featured on the 4AD release.
The 4AD CD release also features six of the seven tracks from the band's 1987 EP The Fat Skier. (The seventh track was not deemed essential for CD release, as it was a re-issue of "Soul Soldier" from the band's debut album, followed by an ambient field recording of the band talking in a park.) The Sire release did not feature these six songs, and therefore these songs have never been released on CD in the US.
Track listing
All songs written by Kristin Hersh except "The River" and "Giant" written by Tanya Donelly
"Colder" – 3:19
"Mexican Women" – 2:46
"The River" – 3:57
"Juno" – 2:03
"Marriage Tree" – 3:00
"Run Letter" – 5:02
"Saving Grace" – 2:38
"Drive" – 3:25
"Downtown" – 4:03
"Giant" – 3:53
"Walking in the Dark" – 4:39
Additional songs on the 4AD release. All songs written by Kristin Hersh except "Pools in Eyes" written by Tanya Donelly
<li> "Garoux des larmes" – 2:37
<li> "Pools in Eyes" – 3:20
<li> "A Feeling" – 3:09
<li> "Soap and Water" – 2:26
<li> "And a She-Wolf After the War" – 3:31
<li> "You Cage" – 1:41
Personnel
Throwing Muses
Kristin Hersh - guitars, vocals, piano
Tanya Donelly - guitars, vocals, percussion
Leslie Langston - bass, backing vocals, percussion
David Narcizo - drums, backing vocals, percussion
References
1988 albums
Throwing Muses albums
Albums produced by Gary Smith (record producer)
Sire Records albums
4AD albums |
5399356 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crystal%20Bucephalus | The Crystal Bucephalus | The Crystal Bucephalus is an original novel written by Craig Hinton and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. It features the Fifth Doctor, Tegan, Turlough and Kamelion.
Plot
The Crystal Bucephalus is a future restaurant patronised by the highest of society, projected back in time to sample the food and drink of long gone eras. However, when a notorious kingpin is slain in the Bucephalus, the Doctor, Tegan and Turlough are immediately suspected and arrested. In order to prove their innocence, they must find the real perpetrators, and in the process uncover a conspiracy 5000 years in the making.
External links
The Cloister Library - The Crystal Bucephalus
1994 British novels
1994 science fiction novels
Virgin Missing Adventures
Fifth Doctor novels
Novels by Craig Hinton |
4003781 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi%20Premier%20League | Iraqi Premier League | The Iraqi Premier League (), is the top level of the Iraqi football league system. Contested by 20 clubs, it is operated by the Iraq Football Association (IFA) and operates on a system of promotion and relegation with the Iraq Division One.
The league was formed by the IFA in 1974 as the Iraqi National Clubs First Division, the first nationwide league of clubs in Iraq. The current format sees 20 teams playing 38 matches each (playing each team in the league twice, home and away), totalling 380 matches in the season.
Of the 79 teams to have competed since the inception of the league in 1974, eleven have won the title. Al-Zawraa are the most successful club with 14 titles, followed by Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, Al-Talaba and Al-Shorta, who together contest the Baghdad derbies. The current champions are Al-Shorta, who won the title in 2021–22.
History
Origins
Up until 1973, leagues in Iraq were played at a regional level. The Central FA League, the Basra League and the Kirkuk League were all founded in 1948, while the Mosul League was founded in 1950. The first nationwide league to be held in the country was in the 1973–74 season when the National First Division was formed, with Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya being crowned champions. The IFA then decided to replace the competition with a new National Clubs First Division which would only be open to clubs and not institute-representative teams.
Foundation
The league held its first season in 1974–75 and was originally composed of ten clubs. The first ever Iraqi Premier League goal was scored by Falah Hassan of Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya (who had been renamed to Al-Tayaran) in a 1–1 draw with Al-Sinaa. Al-Tayaran were crowned champions of the inaugural season which featured the following teams:
"Baghdad's Big Four" dominance
Ever since the Iraqi Premier League began, it has been dominated by the four biggest clubs in Baghdad: Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya, Al-Shorta, Al-Talaba and Al-Zawraa, who together contest the Baghdad derbies. From the 1989–90 season until the 2005–06 season, the league was won by one of the four Baghdad teams every time. After the 2003 US invasion of Iraq, players started to leave the Baghdad-based clubs and join clubs in the North such as Erbil and Duhok due to the poor security situation in the capital city. This led to a shift in the dominance of the "Big Four" as Erbil won three consecutive league titles from 2007 to 2009 with Duhok winning the league in 2010. In the 2008–09 season, none of Baghdad's Big Four clubs finished in the top four and this is the only time that this has happened in the history of the league; the top four spots were occupied by Erbil, Al-Najaf, Duhok and Al-Amana. However, Baghdad's Big Four have since returned to dominating the league, having won all titles since 2015–16.
Corporate structure
The Premier League is operated by the Iraq Football Association, which is directly involved in the day-to-day operations of the Premier League and has full control over new rules adopted by the league.
Competition format
Competition
There are currently 20 clubs in the Iraqi Premier League, although this will be reduced to 18 teams for the 2022–23 season and to 16 teams from the 2023–24 season. During the course of a season each club plays the others twice (a double round-robin system), once at their home stadium and once at that of their opponents, for a total of 38 games (however, all matches between Baghdad's Big Four clubs are played at the neutral venue of Al-Shaab Stadium to accommodate more spectators). Teams receive three points for a win and one point for a draw. No points are awarded for a loss. Teams are ranked by total points, then goal difference, and then goals scored. If still equal, teams are deemed to occupy the same position. If there is a tie for the championship, for relegation, or for qualification to other competitions, a play-off match at a neutral venue decides rank. Each club is allowed a maximum of four foreign players in their squad. The winners of the league qualify for the Iraqi Super Cup, a match played against the winners of the Iraq FA Cup (if the league winners also win the Iraq FA Cup, they play the league runners-up instead).
Promotion and relegation
On 15 December 2021, the IFA announced its plans to reduce the number of teams in the league to 16 teams within the next two seasons. In the 2021–22 season, four teams will be relegated to the Iraq Division One, while the top two teams in that division will be promoted. The same will occur for the following season (2022–23), however the 15th-placed team in the Premier League and the third-placed team in Division One will play a play-off game with the winner earning a Premier League place.
Number of teams
Clubs
Champions
2021–22 season
Twenty clubs compete in the 2021–22 Iraqi Premier League, including three promoted from the Division One:
a: Founding member of the Iraqi Premier League
b: Never been relegated from the Iraqi Premier League
Seasons in Premier League
79 teams have taken part in at least a single round of the Iraqi Premier League since its first season in 1974–75 up until the 2021–22 season (not counting the qualifying rounds of the 2000–01 season). The teams in bold are competing in the Iraqi Premier League in the 2021–22 season. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya and Al-Shorta are the only teams to have played in every single one of the 48 Iraqi Premier League seasons.
Notes
International competitions
Qualification for Asian competitions
Qualification criteria for 2022
From the 2021–22 season, the champions of the Premier League qualify for the subsequent season's AFC Champions League group stage, while the league runners-up qualify for the AFC Cup group stage alongside the winner of the Iraq FA Cup. If the same team wins the league and the cup, the third-placed team in the league qualifies for the AFC Cup group stage. The winners of the AFC Champions League and AFC Cup may earn an additional qualification for the subsequent season's AFC Champions League qualifying play-offs if they are not in the top two.
The number of places allocated to Iraqi clubs in AFC competitions is dependent upon the position the country holds in the AFC Club Competitions Ranking, which is calculated based upon the performance of teams in AFC competitions in the previous four years.
Previous performance
Collectively, Iraqi teams have reached nine finals of Asian club competitions. Before the foundation of the Premier League, Aliyat Al-Shorta were the first Iraqi team to participate in the Asian Club Championship in 1971 and they reached the final, but they refused to play Israeli side Maccabi Tel Aviv and took the runner-up spot. Al-Rasheed became the first Premier League club to reach the final of the Asian Club Championship in 1989 but they lost a two-legged final on away goals to Al-Saad of Qatar. Al-Talaba reached the final of the 1995 Asian Cup Winners' Cup but they lost it 2–1 to Bellmare Hiratsuka, and five years later, Al-Zawraa lost the final of the same competition 1–0 to Shimizu S-Pulse in 2000. Erbil reached the final of Asia's second-tier tournament, the AFC Cup, twice in 2012 and 2014 but lost both times to Al-Kuwait and Al-Qadsia respectively. Al-Quwa Al-Jawiya managed to win the AFC Cup when they beat Indian club Bengaluru FC 1–0 in the 2016 final, and they won the competition for the second consecutive season in 2017 by beating FC Istiklol by the same scoreline. They earned a record third AFC Cup title in a row with a 2–0 defeat of Altyn Asyr in 2018.
Performance in Arab competitions
The Premier League champions also qualify for the Arab Club Champions Cup alongside the league runners-up, while the league's third-placed team is admitted into the Arab Club Champions Cup qualifying play-offs.
Al-Shorta won the inaugural Arab Club Champions Cup in 1982 by defeating Al-Nejmeh 4–2 on aggregate in the final. Meanwhile, Al-Rasheed won the Arab Club Champions Cup three times in a row in 1985, 1986 and 1987 and are the competition's joint-most successful side.
Sponsorship
The league was founded as the National Clubs First Division and has been renamed several times, with the current Premier League name remaining in place since 2013. The competition has had title sponsorship rights sold to three companies, which were Zain Iraq in the 2009–10 season, Asiacell in the 2010–11 and 2011–12 seasons and Fuchs in the 2015–16 season.
Players
Top scorers
Italics denotes players still playing professional football,Bold denotes players still playing in the Iraqi Premier League.
Awards
Trophy
The current Iraqi Premier League trophy has been in use since the 2009–10 season and was designed by Iraq Football Association member Zuhair Nadhum, with the design being implemented by Qahtan Salim. The materials used to make the trophy were imported from China.
The trophy is a flat shield, predominantly golden in colour. In the centre of the shield is a football made from golden and mirrored pieces, with a map of Iraq in the centre of the ball. Inside the map reads the word Iraq in Arabic, with the words Premier League Shield underneath (also in Arabic) completed with the season. Surrounding the football are the words Iraq Football Association written in Arabic at the top and in English at the bottom in silver text. Surrounding that text is another ring, the top half of which contains the Flag of Iraq and the bottom half of which contains 18 golden stars, representing the 18 historical provinces of Iraq. Connecting the two halves of the outer ring on both sides is the IFA's logo.
Records
League records
Titles
Most titles: 14, Al-Zawraa
Most consecutive title wins: 3 – joint record:
Al-Zawraa twice (1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96 and 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01)
Al-Rasheed (1986–87, 1987–88, 1988–89)
Erbil (2006–07, 2007–08, 2008–09)
Wins
Most consecutive wins: 11, Al-Shorta (13 March 1998 – 22 May 1998)
Losses
Fewest losses in a season: 0 – joint record:
Al-Zawraa four times (1976–77, 11 rounds, 1978–79, 12 rounds, 2005–06, 19 rounds, 2015–16, 24 rounds)
Al-Talaba (1976–77, 11 rounds)
Al-Minaa (1977–78, 13 rounds)
Al-Shorta (1980–81, 11 rounds)
Salahaddin (1982–83, 22 rounds)
Al-Jaish (1983–84, 24 rounds)
Longest unbeaten run: 39 games – joint record:
Al-Zawraa (25 November 1993 – 3 October 1994)
Al-Shorta (21 May 2018 – 23 May 2019)
Goals
Most consecutive matches scored in: 37, Al-Shorta (13 October 1997 – 13 November 1998)
Most consecutive matches without conceding a goal: 14, Erbil (16 July 2009 – 20 March 2010)
Match records
Scorelines
Biggest win: joint record:
Al-Naqil 11–0 Al-Shorta (12 October 1974)
Al-Ramadi 11–0 Kirkuk (15 May 1995)
Attendances
Highest attendance, single game: 68,000, Al-Shorta v. Al-Zawraa (at Al-Shaab Stadium, 13 December 1991)
Player records
Appearances
Youngest player: Amjad Kalaf, 13 years and 101 days (for Al-Kut v. Al-Basra, 14 January 2005)
Titles
Most Premier League titles: 7 – joint record:
Salam Hashim (three with Al-Rasheed in 1986–87, 1987–88 and 1988–89 and four with Al-Zawraa in 1990–91, 1993–94, 1994–95 and 1995–96)
Mohamed Jassim Mahdi (seven with Al-Zawraa in 1990–91, 1993–94, 1994–95, 1995–96, 1998–99, 1999–2000, 2000–01)
Most Premier League titles as captain: 3 – joint record:
Hazem Jassam (three with Al-Zawraa in 1975–76, 1976–77 and 1978–79)
Ahmed Radhi (one with Al-Rasheed in 1988–89 and two with Al-Zawraa in 1990–91 and 1998–99)
Rafid Badr Al-Deen (three with Erbil in 2006–07, 2007–08 and 2008–09)
Goals
Most top scorer awards: 4, Karim Saddam (1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91, 1992–93)
Most consecutive top scorer awards: 3 – joint record:
Rahim Hameed (1985–86, 1986–87, 1987–88)
Karim Saddam (1988–89, 1989–90, 1990–91)
Most goals in a season: 36, Younis Abid Ali (1993–94, 50 rounds)
Most goals in a single game: 6 – joint record:
Shakir Mohammed Sabbar (for Al-Ramadi v. Kirkuk, 15 May 1995)
Sahib Abbas (for Al-Zawraa v. Al-Karkh, 18 October 1996)
Alaa Kadhim (for Al-Talaba v. Al-Mosul, 9 January 1998)
Fastest goal: 7 seconds, Alaa Abdul-Sattar (for Al-Zawraa v. Al-Kadhimiya, 25 January 2002)
Managerial records
Titles
The following managers have won multiple Iraqi Premier League titles:
See also
List of Iraqi football champions
Iraqi clubs in the AFC Club Competitions
Iraqi Women's Football League
References
External links
Official website
Iraq Football Association
1
Sports leagues established in 1974
1974 establishments in Iraq
Iraq |
4003788 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salimah%20Aga%20Khan | Salimah Aga Khan | Princess Salimah Aga Khan (née Sarah Frances Croker Poole; born 28 January 1940), also known as Begum Salimah Aga Khan, is a former fashion model and an ex-wife of the 49th Ismaili Shia Imam, the IV Aga Khan Prince Karim Aga Khan.
Early life
Princess Salimah was born at New Delhi, British India, as Sarah Frances Croker Poole. She is the daughter of Lieutenant-Colonel Arthur Edward Croker Poole and his wife, Jean Margaret Watson. She was one of the last generation of debutantes to be presented to the Queen, in 1958.
She married, firstly, Lord James Charles Crichton-Stuart, son of John Crichton-Stuart, 5th Marquess of Bute and Lady Eileen Beatrice Forbes, on 25 June 1959. She and Lord James Charles Crichton-Stuart were divorced in 1968.
She married, secondly, Prince Karim Aga Khan IV, son of Prince Aly Khan and Hon. Princess Taj-ud-dawlah Aga Khan, in 1969.
During her marriage to the Aga Khan, her official name was Her Highness The Begum Aga Khan, although she remained informally known as Sally. Following their divorce in 1995, she kept the title of "Princess" (but losing the style "Highness").
In November 1995, "Jewels from the Personal Collection of Princess Salimah Aga Khan" realised $27,682,601 () at Christie's, Geneva.
Charitable career
She is now a child-welfare activist and a prominent supporter of the charity SOS Children's Villages, becoming its first International Ambassador. As part of her welfare activity she has also aided Afghan refugees.
She has also been active in the Aga Khan Development Network.
Personal life
She has three children with the Aga Khan: Princess Zahra Aga Khan (born 18 September 1970), Prince Rahim Aga Khan (born 12 October 1971) and Prince Hussain Aga Khan (born 10 April 1974).
Salimah Aga Khan has lived in Geneva, Switzerland, since 1969.
References
1940 births
Living people
British debutantes
Noorani family
British people in colonial India
Jewellery collectors
British expatriates in Switzerland |
4003798 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20W.%20Blake%20High%20School | Howard W. Blake High School | Howard W. Blake High School is a public magnet high school, with an emphasis on the arts, in Tampa, Florida, United States. It is operated by the School District of Hillsborough County. Originally opened in 1956 as a school for African-Americans, it was integrated as a junior high school after the end of segregation. The current building opened in 1997, when Blake again became a high school.
History
Don Thompson Vocational High School opened as a segregated school for African-Americans in 1956. It was soon renamed Howard W. Blake Comprehensive High School in honor of Howard Wesley Blake, an African-American educator and educational activist from Tampa.
The original Blake High School closed after the 1970–71 school year as Hillsborough County Public Schools desegregated. It reopened in the following year as Blake 7th Grade Center, an integrated school that only taught one grade level of students. In the early 1990s, the school housed students from 7th through 9th grade and was renamed Blake Junior High School, a middle school. This school closed in 1996, and the old building was demolished soon thereafter.
Magnet school
In the fall of 1997, the Blake name was transferred to Blake High School, a new high school housed in a new building opened as a magnet school for the visual, communication and performing arts.
The 2007–2008 school year marked Blake's 10th anniversary as a magnet school. Part of the celebration was organised by the school's Magnet Arts Coordinator. Her event for the anniversary featured Blake alumni from the previous ten years, and included gallery pieces and performances by artists such as Ari Richter and Chicago's star of Wicked, Dan'yelle Williamson.
The school performed the play Too Much Light Makes the Baby Go Blind and the choir and symphony orchestra performed the Requiem by Mozart.
Academic standards
Blake Accelerated Curriculum Program'is an online high school magnet program in the school district of Hillsborough County. It is one of seven franchises of Florida Virtual School. Students only report to campus for FCAT testing, and optional extracurricular activities. Students can customize their education to be accelerated or to just accommodate their needs. Some students accelerate their high school career and graduate 1–2 years early.
Graduation rate
In 2012 Blake's graduation rate was 80% as compared to a statewide rate of 74.5% and a Hillsborough County rate of 72.6%.
Florida Department of Education grade
2014 - B
2013 - B
2012 - B
2011 - B
2010 - A
2009 - D
2008 - D
2007 - D
2006 - C
2005 - C
2004 - D
2003 - C
2002 - C
2001 - C
2000 - C
1999 - C
Magnet programs
Theater
The theater program provides for the study of drama, musical theater and technical theater/design. The theater department is part of the International Thespian Society and competes annually at Florida State Thespians, where they have won Superior ratings in virtually all categories. The theater department produces seven shows a year: two plays, two musicals, a musical concert, a one-act play, and a Senior Showcase.
Many students of the theater department have continued into university or community theater. Several have appeared professionally on stage or screen, such as:
Rachel Lee, actress
Danyelle Williamson, actress
Shannon Magrane, singer
Taylor Trensch, actor
Owen Teague, actor
During their high school careers, Blake students have worked as actors, directors, playwrights, stage managers, designers, and technicians. Some have worked at local theaters in the Tampa Bay area, including the American Stage Theatre, FreeFall Theatre, Stageworks, and Jobsite.
Music
Blake High School offers a music curriculum consisting of band, orchestra, choir, guitar, piano, harp, jazz ensembles and marching band in addition to theory and history courses. The faculty of the music department comprises eight persons. There are opportunities for music students to perform in the community in All-State, All-County, Music Performance Assessment, and Solo and Ensemble festivals.
Dance department
The department is headed by two teachers who teach ballet and modern dance, including master classes. The department is host to guest faculties, and hosts classes from Dance Repertory, Ballet, Modern (Jazz, Pilate) Master Classes, Choreography I & II, Dance Honors and Senior Projects. With these the department runs five shows a year, two faculty shows, two student choreographies and one Senior Showcase. Some students participate in the Youth American International Grand Prix.
Creative writing
As in all the other majors at Blake High School, creative writing majors are selected by the department teachers through an audition process. Students wishing to be in the program prepare a portfolio of their writing, and submit an application to be seen. At the end of their four years the students will be able to publish a chapbook of their best work.
Journalism
The journalism program is working on having all their material posted via their new website. The program has achieved awards at school competitions such as the Florida Scholastic Press Association. Students are selected to be in the program based on their portfolios containing previous editorials, short stories, articles, and any other writing. There is then an interview with the advisor for the program.
Visual arts
Visual arts students are selected for enrollment through an audition process that considers all their works of art, sketchbooks, potential, academic achievement, and attendance. Visual arts students take all level-one courses in drawing, painting, printmaking, jewelry, photography, sculpture and ceramics. Students can then decide to take level 2 and 3 classes in any given fine art. By the end of their junior year, they may audition to become an AP studio / portfolio student and will concentrate in one media.
Master certification is available for students who are willing to work extra hard to have ten (instead of the usual eight) visual art credits by the time they graduate, including AP Art History. Students attend professional artist lectures, gallery openings, and submit work to contests.
Television and film
TV/Film students are selected by an audition process. The award-winning TV and Film Production program prepares students for careers in the broadcast and film industries. From scriptwriting to video editing, students will develop skills necessary to become a broadcast journalist and/ or filmmaker. Whether it's participating in student short film contests, covering live events as a reporter, or hosting a radio podcast, the choices are endless as a crew member of the WBUZ team.
Athletics
Men's
Men's sports include swimming, basketball, baseball, cross country, football, golf, soccer, track and field, tennis, and wrestling.
Women's
Women's sports include swimming, flag football, soccer, cross country, tennis, softball, volleyball, basketball, and cheerleading.
Alumni
Ryan Davis, former NFL player
Earl Edwards, former NFL player
Eddie McMillan, former NFL player
Leon McQuay, former NFL player
Isaiah Rodgers, NFL player
References
External links
School website
hwbsota.org - Blake High School Friends of the Arts website
BlakeTheater.com - Department of Theater website
Educational institutions established in 1956
1956 establishments in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1997
1997 establishments in Florida
Schools of the performing arts in the United States
High schools in Tampa, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
Magnet schools in Florida |
4003803 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeds%20Grand%20Mosque | Leeds Grand Mosque | Leeds Grand Mosque (LGM) is a mosque in Leeds with a regular congregation of 1,200. It is located at 9 Woodsley Road, Hyde Park, Leeds, LS6 1SN West Yorkshire, England. The mosque has a diverse and ethnically mixed congregation with facilities for both male and female worshippers. The Friday prayer sermon is also delivered in English also alongside the Arabic.
The mosque's Imam is Sheikh Dr Mohammed Taher. The resident Islamic scholar to the mosque is Sheikh Abdullah Al Judai’.
It is the home of the first Muslim Scout Group in Leeds. 15 Scouts were invested at the launch in 2006.
Building
It was originally Sacred Heart Church designed by Derek Walker, completed in 1965 and described as "One of the most striking churches to be built in the 1960s". The design is Brutalist based on a concrete frame clad with pre-cast panels of Cornish granite aggregate. It closed in 1993 and was sold and converted in 1994, with funding from Saif Bin Muhammad Al-Nehayyan of Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates. The chancel was converted into a smaller worship hall used on weekdays, and a women's gallery was constructed at the rear of the main hall, later augmented by converting the choir gallery into a second women's gallery. The stained glass window and Christian symbols were removed, and facilities for wudu installed.
The main hall provides a large open space which is used as the main prayer area for men.
In 2013 a storm lifted part of the roof off, resulting in extensive rain damage.
Facilities
Male prayer hall
Female prayer hall
Lecture room
Basement – used for multiple activities
Library
Catering kitchen
Management office, storage rooms, and washing facilities for both males and females
Fenced car park for 20 cars
Gardens around the mosque
Linked house, rented as a source of income
See also
Islam in England
List of mosques in the United Kingdom
References
External links
1994 establishments in England
Mosques completed in 1994
Mosques converted from churches in Europe
Mosques in England
Religious buildings and structures in Leeds |
4003805 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindy%20Smith | Mindy Smith | Mindy Smith (born June 1, 1972, Long Island, New York) is an American singer-songwriter. Her first record deal came after she sang a cover version of the song "Jolene" by Dolly Parton.
Music career
Smith was adopted at birth by a non-denominational Protestant minister and his wife, who was choir director at the church. She grew up on Long Island, New York. After her mother died of cancer in 1991, Smith attended Cincinnati Bible College for two years.
Smith and her father moved to Knoxville, Tennessee, where she began listening to folk and bluegrass music, Alison Krauss, and the Cox Family. In 1998, she moved to Nashville to pursue a career in music. Two years later, she reached the finals of a contest at the Kerrville Folk Festival. This led to a contract with Big Yellow Dog Music.
Smith attracted attention in 2003 when she sang a cover version of "Jolene" by Dolly Parton for the tribute album
Just Because I'm a Woman. Soon after, she signed a contract with Vanguard Records, who released her debut album, One Moment More in 2004. In addition to Dolly Parton, she has expressed admiration for John Prine, Alison Krauss, Patty Griffin, Shania Twain, Kris Kristofferson, Buddy Miller, and Bill Gaither.
"Come to Jesus" was her biggest hit, receiving airplay on country, Christian, adult album alternative (AAA), and adult contemporary radio. The song charted at No. 32 on the Adult Top 40 chart of Billboard magazine. In 2004 Smith appeared at the Cambridge Folk Festival in the U.K., which was broadcast nationally on BBC Radio.
In October 2006, Smith released "Out Loud", the first single from her second album Long Island Shores. The song was well received by AAA rock radio and Country Music Television (CMT). On January 10, 2007, she performed "Please Stay" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno.
In October 2007, Smith released a Christmas album, My Holiday. She wrote six original songs, including "I Know the Reason" with Thad Cockrell.
In August 2009, Smith released her fourth studio album, Stupid Love. She appeared on The Early Show on August 15, 2009, to perform the first single, "Highs and Lows". On September 29, 2009, while promoting the album on the syndicated radio show World Cafe, she disclosed that she had obsessive–compulsive disorder.
In June 2012, Smith released an independent studio album, Mindy Smith on her own Giant Leap label in conjunction with TVX. In October of the same year Vanguard Records released a compilation album of her songs entitled "The Essential Mindy Smith".
On October 29, 2013, Smith released a Christmas EP entitled Snowed In on the Giant Leap/TVX label. This release contained original material and covers of Christmas songs.
Charity
In March 2013, Smith worked with Anthropologie during an in-store performance to raise money and awareness for the Captain Planet Foundation, a non-profit organization. Anthropologie donated fifteen percent of sales made in the first hour after Smith's performance to CPF.
Awards and honors
Best New/Emerging Artist of the Year, Americana Music Association, 2004
Discography
Studio albums
Compilations
Extended plays
Singles
Music videos
Special appearances
Just Because I'm a Woman: The Songs of Dolly Parton (2003) - Track: "Jolene"
Sweetheart 2005: Love Songs (2005) - Track: "A Nightingale Sang in Berkeley Square"
This Bird Has Flown – A 40th Anniversary Tribute to the Beatles' Rubber Soul (2005) - Track: "The Word"
Stronger Than Before by Olivia Newton-John (2005) - Track: "Phenomenal Woman"
Those Were The Days by Dolly Parton (2005) - Track: "The Cruel War"
References
External links
CMT Profile
1972 births
American bluegrass musicians
American country singer-songwriters
American women country singers
American folk singers
American performers of Christian music
Living people
People with obsessive–compulsive disorder
Singer-songwriters from New York (state)
21st-century American singers
21st-century American women singers
Country musicians from New York (state) |
4003812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warmbat | Warmbat | Warmbat was a USA-based footwear manufacturer that made Australian sheepskin boots, fashion sneakers, work boots and fashionable footwear. This brand was first introduced in Perth, Western Australia in 1969 making it one of the oldest manufacturers of sheepskin boots. The company had offices in Dayton, Ohio as well as Perth.
The company used Aboriginal artwork in its logo and various footwear designs and was one of the largest manufacturers of sheepskin boots in the world that used only Australian sheepskin in its products.
Warmbat is trademarked in 26 countries and was sold in various countries including Australia, the United States, Canada, Hong Kong, Japan, Germany, Russia and the United Kingdom.
Featured in the Australian documentary The Good, the Bad and the UGG Boot, Warmbat competes with Deckers Outdoor Corporation, which owns the trademark "UGG" in the US.
Warmbat sheepskin boots were sold in over 20 countries however, in 2009, the CEO and Founder left Warmbat to start a new sheepskin boot company: Green Lizard Australia.
Warmbat is now owned by a Dutch company and is mainly sold in Europe and Japan.
References
The Good, The Bad and the Ugg Boot - documentary film on the trademark dispute
Dayton Daily News February 17th 2007
Dayton Business Journal May 2006
Green Lizard Australia
Warmbat History
External links
Official Website
Shoe companies of the United States |
4003827 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Barton%20Wolgamot | John Barton Wolgamot | John Barton Wolgamot (May 18, 1902 - April 25, 1989) was an American outsider poet who is primarily remembered for his experimental book-length poem In Sara, Mencken, Christ and Beethoven There Were Men and Women. (1944)
Biography
Wolgamot was not a professional writer; he ran a movie theater for a living. In Sara was published in a very small run financed by the author. The information normally included in a published book for the era (e.g., mailing address for the publisher, Library of Congress number) was missing. Wolgamot sent two copies of the book to H.L. Mencken, an influential journalist and critic of the early 20th century, evidently hoping for a positive review. Mencken's brief notes scribbled in one of the books dismissed the poem as "balderdash". Both copies of In Sara were donated to the Enoch Pratt Free Library in Baltimore upon Mencken's 1956 death, along with most of his private library.
Wolgamot's work captured the imagination of several young poets and critics when the poem was discovered in a second-hand shop in the 1950s by then-graduate student Keith Waldrop. Waldrop and Robert Ashley tracked down Wolgamot in mid-1973, finding him living in New York City and describing him as "an old-fashioned spiffy dresser" in his 60s. He had written no further works after In Sara, but named Ashley the executor of his estate in gratitude for bringing his work to wider attention. In a 1980 letter to Waldrop, Wolgamot claimed to be working on a new book but no such book was found among his possessions after Wolgamot's death.
Legacy
Wolgamot’s status as a cult figure has been enhanced in recent decades by musical compositions by Robert Ashley and American instrumental group Tortoise in which his work, if not celebrated outright, is heavily referenced.
References
External links
ubu.com
Find A Grave Memorial
Wolgamot
American male poets
20th-century American male writers
1902 births
1989 deaths |
4003828 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Veitch | Colin Veitch | Colin Campbell McKechnie Veitch (22 May 1881 – 26 August 1938) was an English football player in the early 20th century for Newcastle United and manager of Bradford City.
Playing career
Newcastle United
Veitch was born in the Heaton area of Newcastle upon Tyne. At school he was both a gifted scholar and footballer, becoming the first captain of Newcastle Schools in 1895.
After enrolling at the city's Rutherford College, Veitch appeared for the College team, regarded at the time as one of the finest amateur teams in North East England, where he attracted the attention of Newcastle United for which he at first signed as an amateur before turning professional in the summer of 1899. Veitch made his debut in October 1899, a match which Newcastle United lost 1–0 to Wolverhampton Wanderers.
For a short spell, Veitch considered giving up his football career to pursue a career in academia, but after a spell in the reserves, playing under the pseudonym of 'Hamilton' he changed his mind.
Renowned for his versatility, Veitch captained the successful United side which won League Championships in 1905, 1907 and 1909, the FA Cup in 1910 and were FA Cup finalists in 1905, 1906, 1908 and 1911, and also represented England on six occasions. Off the pitch, he was an active member of the players' union.
Despite a dispute with Newcastle United in 1911, Veitch continued to play for the club until the outbreak of World War I, during which he served as a lieutenant in the Royal Garrison Artillery. After the war, he returned to St James' Park to become a coach, and in 1924 formed the junior side, Newcastle Swifts, the pioneers of the current Newcastle United juniors system. Veitch was sacked in 1926, ending a 26-year association with United.
Bradford City
In August 1926, Veitch was appointed manager of Bradford City. In his first season the club was relegated to Division Three (North). The following season City recorded their then record victory, 9–1 over Nelson and were mounting a promotion challenge. But in January 1927 Veitch resigned, deciding that football management was not for him.
Personal life
Away from football, Veitch was a great lover of the arts and co-founded the People's Theatre, Newcastle upon Tyne in 1911. He was also an accomplished playwright, composer, conductor and producer, and counted George Bernard Shaw amongst his circle of friends.
Veitch served in France during the First World War as a 2nd Lieutenant in the Royal Garrison Artillery.
Veitch was also very politically aware and was approached to stand as a Member of Parliament for the Labour Party. Although he turned the proposal down, he did become a union activist for the Professional Footballers' Association and was the PFA's chairman for a number of years.
After resigning from Bradford City he returned to Tyneside and became a journalist with the Evening Chronicle. In 1929 he was banned from the St James' Park press box.
In 1938, Veitch contracted pneumonia and died aged 57 in Bern, Switzerland whilst on a recuperation holiday.
Honours
As a player
Newcastle United
Football League First Division: 1904–05, 1906–07, 1908–09
FA Cup winner: 1910
FA Cup finalist: 1905, 1906, 1908, 1911, 1912
References
External links
www.colinveitch.co.uk
1881 births
1938 deaths
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Garrison Artillery officers
Footballers from Newcastle upon Tyne
English footballers
England international footballers
Association football utility players
Newcastle United F.C. players
English Football League players
English Football League representative players
English football managers
Bradford City A.F.C. managers
English Football League managers
Association football defenders
FA Cup Final players
Deaths from pneumonia in Switzerland |
4003829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20J%C3%BCttner | Hans Jüttner | Hans Jüttner (2 March 1894 – 24 May 1965) was a German high-ranking functionary in the SS of Nazi Germany who served as the head of the SS Führungshauptamt (SS Leadership Main Office).
Career in the Nazi Party and the SS
In 1933 Jüttner joined the SA. In 1934, Jüttner became chef of the SA Reichsführerschule (training body for SA leaders) in Munich. In May 1935, he switched to the SS combat support force (SS-Verfügungstruppe or SS-VT), which subsequently became the Waffen-SS. By 1939, Jüttner had become the Inspector of Reserve Troops of the SS-VT-Division. From early 1940, Jüttner led the SS-VT command office.
In the summer of the same year, Jüttner was promoted to chief of staff of the newly created SS Leadership Main Office (SS-Führungshauptamt), which was responsible for the Waffen-SS's organizational and administrative leadership. This was separate from the administration of Nazi concentration camps, the SS Economic and Administrative Main Office (SS-Wirtschafts-Verwaltungshauptamt), and from the Reich Security Main Office, which administered the Gestapo, Kripo and SD. Shortly after taking office, Jüttner was instrumental in wresting control of the militarized Death's Head regiments (Totenkopfstandarten) from Concentration Camps Inspectorate chief Theodor Eicke and amalgamating them into the Waffen-SS. In June 1943, he was promoted to SS-Obergruppenführer. On 30 January 1943, Jüttner became chief of the SS Leadership Main Office. On 21 July, 1944, after Heinrich Himmler had been placed in charge of the Replacement Army following the failed coup on 20 July 1944, Himmler appointed Jüttner Chief of "Army Armament and Commander of the Reserve Army". Jüttner was later awarded the Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross, with Swords.
Trial and conviction
On 17 May 1945, Jüttner was taken prisoner by British forces. In 1948 he was sentenced to 10 years in a labour camp. In appeal proceedings in 1949 the punishment was lowered to 4 years. In 1961 Jüttner testified for the prosecution in the trial of Holocaust architect Adolf Eichmann. Later Jüttner was the proprietor of a sanatorium in Bad Tölz, where he died in 1965.
References
External link
1894 births
1965 deaths
People from the Province of Posen
Nazi Party politicians
Holocaust perpetrators in Russia
SS-Obergruppenführer
University of Breslau faculty
Nazis convicted of war crimes
Recipients of the Knights Cross of the War Merit Cross
Waffen-SS personnel
20th-century Freikorps personnel |
4003832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFYM | CFYM | CFYM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting a classic hits format at 1210 AM. Licensed to Kindersley, Saskatchewan, it serves west central Saskatchewan. It first began broadcasting in 1986 after receiving approval by the CRTC. The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting. It is a repeater for CJYM in Rosetown. CFYM broadcasts with a power of 1,000 watts daytime, 250 watts nighttime.
See also
CJYM
References
External links
CFYM 1210
FYM
FYM
FYM
Radio stations established in 1986
1986 establishments in Saskatchewan
Kindersley |
4003835 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonathan%20Calt%20Harris | Jonathan Calt Harris | Jonathan Calt Harris (born December 27, 1969) a native of Illinois, is an American Christian Zionist, writer, and a foreign policy analyst. From 2008 to 2016 he served as an assistant director of Policy & Government Affairs at AIPAC, the American Israel Public Affairs Committee in Washington, DC.
Education
Harris graduated from the University of Illinois in 1998 in History and attended graduate school at Hebrew University of Jerusalem in Religious Studies, living in Israel for the first half of 1996 as an undergrad, and from October 1998 to July 2000 as a graduate student. Harris does not claim a graduate degree.
Journalism
Harris worked for Time magazine in Jerusalem from 1998–2000, and as a reporter in New York City for much of 2001. Harris worked as a researcher and occasional contributor for Time magazine’s Jerusalem bureau while in graduate school.
Harris' articles on academia and Middle East studies have appeared in National Review Online, The Washington Times, The New York Post, the Middle East Quarterly and various conservative online sources.
Campus Watch
Harris served as the managing editor of Campus Watch, a website which monitors U.S. universities backed by a pro-Israel think tank, from October 2002 through May 2004. Harris continued to write and edit for Campus Watch until registering as a lobbyist in January 2005.
Through Campus Watch, Harris published several highly critical profiles of individual academics including Sarah Lawrence scholar Fawaz Gerges, Columbia University's Rashid Khalidi, whom he called "Arafat's minion", Joseph Massad, whom he compared to a neo-Nazi and of belittling the Holocaust, and the University of Michigan's Juan Cole, whom he has called "anti-Israel to the point of being an anti-Semitic conspiracy theorist." The academic Middle East Studies Association of America, then headed by Cole, was the subject of several pieces, with Calt Harris referring to it as "once respectable group of scholars which has now become a hive of academic opposition of America, Israel, and...rationalism."
Advocacy
Jonathan Calt Harris did not publish under a by-line while serving as an in-house Washington lobbyist for the right-wing Zionist Organization of America. He was registered with the government from 2005–2007 as the ZOA's Assistant Director of Government Relations.
Harris left ZOA in March 2007. He was executive director of the Michigan chapter of StandWithUs, and based in Metro Detroit from April 2007 to April 2008. In September 2007, he was interviewed by the Detroit Jewish News, where he also published several editorials on the Pluto Press controversy at the University of Michigan.
Harris, through StandWithUs, organized a coalition of local community organizations that successfully lobbied for the termination or justification of the unique UM Press contract with the UK's Pluto Press. The University of Michigan announced in June 2008 the cancellation of the distribution contract with Pluto Press. A June 13, 2008 statement released to the coalition members declared, "After careful examination, the UM Press Executive Board determined that the Pluto Press mission and procedures are not reasonably similar to UM Press as specified by the guidelines and therefore do not meet the requirements to continue as a distribution client. As a result the contract was terminated, effective December 31, 2008."
Harris has written on Christian Zionism for the Jewish Policy Center and was profiled in the Decatur Herald & Review in late 2008.
See also
Campus Watch
StandWithUs
Daniel Pipes
Martin Kramer
Middle East Forum
Christian Zionism
References
1969 births
American Christian Zionists
American lobbyists
Campus Watch
Living people |
4003842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unterelsa%C3%9F | Unterelsaß | Unterelsaß (also spelled Unterelsass, , meaning Lower Alsace) was the northern part of the historical region Alsace or Elsass, inhabited originally by locals speaking Alemannic German. From 1871 to 1918, Bezirk Unterelsaß was the name for the central district (Bezirk) of the imperial territory of Elsaß-Lothringen (Alsace-Lorraine) in the German Empire.
Administrative and political organization
According to the census 1886 the district of Lower Alsace comprised:
8 subdistricts ("Kreise")
31 cantons
560 municipalities
area
612.078 inhabitants (Males 299.456 Females 312.622)
Catholics 381.748 Protestants 209.199 Jews 19.848 Other faiths 1.220
Capital and subdistricts
The capital of the district was Straßburg.
There were the 8 subdistricts ("Kreise") of
Erstein
Hagenau (Haguenau)
Molsheim
Schlettstadt (Sélestat)
Straßburg, Land (county of Straßburg) (Strasbourg)
Weißenburg (Wissembourg)
Zabern (Saverne)
Stadtkreis Straßburg
The official flag
The flag is a white bar in a red field decorated on each side with a white lace motif. The union of this flag with that of Oberelsaß forms the flag of modern Alsace.
Annexed municipalities from the neighbor department
The district of Unterelsaß corresponds exactly to the current département of Bas-Rhin, but not to the Alsatian territory before 1870.
Under the terms of a particular agreement that was signed in Berlin July 21, 1871, and in Paris July 31, 1871, 18 municipalities of the Vosges department were integrated into the new imperial district of Lower Alsace, subdistrict of Molsheim, canton of Schirmeck.
Barembach
Bourg-Bruche
La Broque
Colroy-la-Roche
Grandfontaine
Natzvillers
Neuviller-la-Roche
Plaine
Ranrupt
Rothau
Russ
Saales
Saint-Blaise-la-Roche
Saulxures
Schirmeck
Waldersbach
Wildersbach
Wisches
In earlier times Rothau, Wildersbach, Waldersbach, Neuvillers belonged to the principality of Ban de la Roche before they joined the département of the Vosges in 1790. The other ones were located in the former Duchy of Lorraine.
The inhabitants of these municipalities didn't and still don't speak any German dialect (Lower Alemannic) such as their neighbors. The linguistic boundary runs between Wisches and Lutzelhouse. The people of the annexed towns speaks a Romance language from the Langues d'oïl, Lorraine family, such as some municipalities in the district of Upper Alsace. This cultural particularity stresses the fact that the annexation of French territories by the German Empire not always referred to the pan-nationalist political idea (Pan-Germanism trying to unite all German-speaking people. When Alsace was recovered by France in 1919 it was decided not to return the 18 annexed municipalities to their former Department(Vosges). Thus in terms of departmental boundaries, the mountain region remains administratively separated from the western portion of the Vosges mountains. Nowadays the inhabitants of the Bruche valley basically identify themselves with Lower Alsatians regardless of their cultural identity.
First German federal elections 1874
The subjects of the Reichsland Alsace-Lorraine could exercise their right to vote for the deputies at the Reichtstag in Berlin February 1, 1874. Among ten deputies for Alsace, six were catholic clerics and the most of the deputies belonged to the French protest party.
The name of the deputies for Lower Alsace were as follows:
Hartmann, Ludwig, factory owner, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 10 (Hagenau, Weißenburg), Elsaß-Lothringer
Lauth, Ernest, mayor of Strasbourg, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 8 (Straßburg), Französische Protestpartei
Philippi, Joseph, priest, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 7 (Molsheim, Erstein), Elsaß-Lothringer
Räß, Andreas, bishop of Strasbourg, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 6 (Schlettstadt), Elsaß-Lothringer
Schauenburg, Alexis von, landowner, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 9 (Straßburg-Land), Elsaß-Lothringer
Teutsch, Eduard, landowner, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 11 (Zabern), Französische Protestpartei
Third German federal election, 1877
In the third election of January 10, 1877, the Alsatians of the District Lower Alsace elected the following deputies:
Gustav Adolf Bergmann, Straßburg-Stadt Els.-Lothringer
Louis Heckmann-Stintzy, Schlettstadt Els.-Lothringer
Xaver Joseph Nessel, Hagenau, Weißenburg Els.-Lothringer
Jean North, Straßburg-Land Els.-Lothringer
Achille Rack Molsheim, Erstein Els.-Lothringer
Carl August Schneegans, Zabern Els.-Lothringer
Fourth German federal election, July 30, 1878
The Lower Alsatian deputies for the next legislative period 1878-1881 are as follows:
Goldenberg, Alfred, factory owner, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 11 (Zabern), Elsaß-Lothringer
Heckmann-Stintzy, Louis, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 6 (Schlettstadt), Elsaß-Lothringer
Kable, Jacques, director of an insurance company, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 8 (Straßburg), Elsaß-Lothringer
Rack, Achille, Mayor of Benfeld, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 7 (Molsheim, Erstein), Elsaß-Lothringer
Schmitt-Batiston, Alfred, land owner, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 10 (Hagenau, Weißenburg), Elsaß-Lothringer
Schneegans, Carl August, Director of Elsässer Journal, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 11 (Zabern), Elsaß-Lothringer
Fifth German federal elections 1881
The elections for the fifth legislative period (1881-1884) of the Imperial Diet took place October 27, 1881. These are the results of the elections for Lower Alsace:
Dietrich, Eugéne de, ironmaster, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 10 (Hagenau, Weißenburg), Elsaß-Lothringer
Goldenberg, Alfred, factory-owner, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 11 (Zabern), Elsaß-Lothringer
Kablé, Jacques, director of an insurance company, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 8 (Straßburg-Stadt), Elsaß-Lothringer
Lang, Irénée, manufacturer, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 6 (Schlettstadt), Zentrum
Quirin, Michael, landowner, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 9 (Straßburg-Land), Elsaß-Lothringer
Zorn von Bulach, Hugo, WK Elsaß-Lothringen 7 (Molsheim, Erstein), Elsaß-Lothringer
See also
Bas-Rhin
Alsace-Lorraine
References
External links
For all deputies of the Imperial Diet see database
Les députés "protestataires" d'Alsace-Lorraine (French)
Digitalisat
Sources
For the federal elections
Georg Hirth (Hrsg.): Deutscher Parlamentsalmanach 13. Ausgabe, September 1878. Leipzig, 1878 (Digitalisat)
Stenographische Berichte über die Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags. 4. Legislatur-Periode, I. Session 1878. 1. Band, Berlin 1878, S. VII–XXVII (Digitalisat)
Stenographische Berichte über die Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags. 4. Legislatur-Periode, II. Session 1879. 1. Band, Berlin 1879, S. IX–XXIX (Digitalisat)
Stenographische Berichte über die Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags. 4. Legislatur-Periode, III. Session 1880. 1. Band, Berlin 1880, S. XXIX–XLIX (Digitalisat)
Stenographische Berichte über die Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags. 4. Legislatur-Periode, IV. Session 1881. 1. Band, Berlin 1881, S. XXXIII–LIII (Digitalisat)
Georg Hirth (Hrsg.): Deutscher Parlamentsalmanach 14. Ausgabe, November 1881. Leipzig 1881, daten.digitale-sammlungen.de
Stenographische Berichte über die Verhandlungen des Deutschen Reichstags. 5. Legislatur-Periode, I. Session 1881. 1. Band. Berlin 1881, reichstagsprotokolle.de
Wilhelm Heinz Schröder: Sozialdemokratische Reichstagsabgeordnete und Reichstagskandidaten 1898–1918. Biographisch-statistisches Handbuch. (= Handbücher zur Geschichte des Parliamentarismus und der politischen Parteien, Band 2). Droste, Düsseldorf 1986,
Bernd Haunfelder: Reichstagsabgeordnete der Deutschen Zentrumspartei 1871–1933. Biographisches Handbuch und historische Photographien. (= Photodokumente zur Geschichte des Parliamentarismus und der politischen Parteien, Band 4). Droste, Düsseldorf 1999,
Bernd Haunfelder: Die liberalen Abgeordneten des deutschen Reichstags 1871–1918. Ein biographisches Handbuch. Aschendorff, Münster 2004,
Bernd Haunfelder: Die konservativen Abgeordneten des deutschen Reichstags von 1871 bis 1918. Ein biographisches Handbuch. Aschendorff, Münster 2009,
History of Alsace
History of Lorraine
Lower Alsace |
4003846 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anthony%20Xuereb | Anthony Xuereb | Anthony Xuereb (born 28 June 1970) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for the Penrith Panthers and Western Suburbs in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership. To date, he is one of only two players in the history of the game (the other being Bronson Xerri) with a last name beginning with the letter "X".
Background
Xuereb was born in Penrith, New South Wales. He grew up living in the suburbs of Tregear and Mount Druitt. He attended Tregear Primary School and Dunheved High School. He has an older sister named Kim (b. 1968).
Playing career
Xuereb made his first grade debut for Penrith in round 10 1991 against St. George at Penrith Park.
Following their 1991 grand final victory, Xuereb traveled with the Penrith to England for the 1991 World Club Challenge which was lost to Wigan.
In 1992, Xuereb joined Western Suburbs but only played two games for the club before heading back to Penrith.
Xuereb's final game in the top grade came against Eastern Suburbs in round 18 1994 at the Sydney Football Stadium which Penrith lost 30–8. He was released by the Penrith club at the end of the 1994 season and subsequently never played first grade again.
International
Eleven years after his final first grade game, Xuereb gained one international cap for Malta in the 24–22 win over Greece, playing at , at Fairfax Community Stadium in Sydney on Sunday, 8 October 2005.
Career playing statistics
Point scoring summary
References
1970 births
Living people
Australian people of Maltese descent
Australian rugby league players
Malta national rugby league team players
Penrith Panthers players
Rugby league players from Sydney
Western Suburbs Magpies players |
4003855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dickson%20Etuhu | Dickson Etuhu | Dickson Paul Etuhu (born 8 June 1982) is a Nigerian former professional footballer. His younger brother Kelvin is also a footballer. He grew up in Peckham, south London, but then, the family moved to Manchester for Etuhu to pursue his professional ambitions with City. Etuhu played international football for the Nigerian national football team.
Club career
Early career
Etuhu was born in Kano. He signed for Preston North End from Manchester City in January 2002 for £300,000 as David Moyes' side looked to improve from their playoff final defeat to Bolton the season before. He had started just 11 league games for City. Etuhu made his debut in a 0–1 victory at Bradford City and scored his first goal for the club in a 4–2 victory over Sheffield Wednesday a week later. Etuhu became a regular in the Preston side, playing alongside Sean Gregan in centre midfield replacing the injured Mark Rankine. He would go on to score two more goals in the 2001/02 season as Preston ultimately fell short of the playoffs losing manager David Moyes to Everton in March.
Preston began 2002/03 season under the stewardship of new manager Craig Brown and whilst Etuhu was initially first choice in midfield, he soon found himself in and out of the side as Preston struggled to find consistency. Etuhu made 38 appearances in all competitions, adding to his goal tally as Preston finished the season in 12th. Preston's patchy form continued into 2003/04 as their impressive attack was let down by a poor backline despite a number of personnel changes. Etuhu again found himself, along with a number of other Preston players, in and out of the starting eleven as Brown looked to find his best side. Etuhu was reduced to 26 appearances as Preston finished 15th following a poor second half of the season which had seen them in danger of relegation and for the second season running, exit the FA Cup to Third Division opposition as they lost 2–1 to Swansea.
2004/05 saw Preston reach their second playoff final in four years but despite beginning the season in Preston's midfield, Etuhu would only play a bit part in the campaign. Manager Craig Brown was sacked in August 2004 and replaced with assistant Billy Davies whose indifferent start resulted in Etuhu being relegated to the bench as Davies preferred a centre-midfield of Brian O'Neil and Paul McKenna alongside wingers Chris Sedgwick and Eddie Lewis. As Preston's formed picked up Etuhu found himself out of the matchday squad altogether but as the side closed in on the playoffs he returned to the bench making substitute appearances in the last 7 games including the 1-0 playoff final defeat to West Ham at Cardiff.
In August 2005 Etuhu began his third season in a row in the Preston midfield but indifferent form and the signings of Adam Nowland and David Jones meant he was again reduced to substitute appearances. By December 2005 Etuhu began to consider his future away from Deepdale as he repeatedly failed to make the matchday squad and in January 2006 he signed for Norwich on loan for the rest of the 2005/06 season. With Preston failing to include a clause to prevent Etuhu playing against his parent club his first game for Norwich was strangely against the Lilywhites at Carrow Road. During the match Etuhu all but sealed the end of his career at Deepdale with a clumsy challenge that broke Preston midfielder Adam Nowland's leg, an injury that would all but end Nowland's footballing career.
Norwich City
Norwich City signed him during the January transfer window for £450,000 after a loan deal initially brought him to the club. His form began to improve towards the end of the season and in the early stages of the 2006–07 campaign.
Etuhu scored his first goal for Norwich in a 2–0 win against Torquay United in a League Cup match on 23 August 2006, and got his first league goal for the club in a 3–3 draw at Southend United on 12 September 2006. On 21 October 2006 he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win against Cardiff at Carrow Road to help his new manager Peter Grant win his first home game after replacing Nigel Worthington.
It was incorrectly reported during September 2006 that following the 3–1 defeat at Plymouth Argyle, Etuhu and teammate Youssef Safri traded punches on the team bus on their return journey to East Anglia.
Sunderland
Etuhu signed for newly promoted Sunderland in a deal worth £1.5 million in the summer of 2007. On 9 February 2008, Etuhu scored his first goal for Sunderland in their home match against Wigan. It came from a free kick floated in by Dean Whitehead, opening the scoring in the 2–0 defeat of the Latics.
Fulham
On 29 August 2008, Etuhu announced that he was having a medical with Premier League side Fulham, before joining for a fee of around £1.5 million on a three-year contract at Craven Cottage. Etuhu scored his first goal for Fulham on Easter Sunday 2009 in a game against his former club Manchester City in the 59th minute to put Fulham up 2–1 after a goal from American Clint Dempsey in the 50th minute.
He scored his first goal in European Competition, and his first goal at Craven Cottage, the week after his first son was born with a header to put Fulham 1–0 up against Lithuanian team FK Vetra. On 28 August 2010, Etuhu rescued his team in a match vs. Blackpool, by scoring in the 87th minute in a 2–2 draw at Bloomfield Road. On 18 September 2010, Etuhu played against Blackburn Rovers at Ewood Park in a 1–1 draw. In September 2010, Etuhu, signed a three-year contract extension, which will see him contracted to Craven Cottage until summer 2014. He made his 50th Premier League appearance for them against Newcastle United, in a 0–0 draw on 13 November, when he replaced Zoltan Gera, in the 69th minute in the game at St James' Park. Etuhu scored his fifth goal in Fulham colours when he netted the second in a 6–2 victory over Peterborough United on 8 January 2011 in the FA Cup 3rd round. On 5 March he started and completed the full 90 minutes in a 3–2 win over Blackburn. On 3 April, he scored on 72 minutes thanks to an assist from defender Brede Hangeland in the defeat 3–0 of Blackpool at Craven Cottage. On 9 April, he started in the 2–0 loss against Manchester United at Old Trafford before being replaced on 67 minutes by Zoltán Gera.
On 3 August 2012, Fulham announced that Etuhu had left the club to join Danny Murphy at Blackburn Rovers.
Blackburn Rovers
On 3 August 2012, Etuhu joined Blackburn Rovers on a four-year deal for an undisclosed fee. He scored his first goal for Blackburn on 29 September 2012 against Charlton Athletic.
AIK
On 23 December 2014 it was announced that he was acquired by the Swedish AIK of Allsvenskan as a free agent on a two-year deal. His first three starts came in the domestic cup 2014–15 Svenska Cupen, where he managed to get a yellow card in every game. He missed the start of the regular season with an injury.
IFK Rössjöholm
On 6 August 2017, Etuhu signed a contract with Swedish 5 division club IFK Rössjöholm.
Match fixing
In November 2019 he was found guilty of match fixing by a Swedish court, and said he would appeal. Both Defence and Prosecution said they would appeal the sentence.
International career
It was announced in late September 2007 that Etuhu had been called up to play for his country on 14 October. He first played in two friendlies for his country and he then made his competitive international debut in the African Cup of Nations in January 2008. Etuhu was part of the Nigeria squad for the 2010 World Cup held in South Africa. He turned down a callup in August 2011 as a replacement player and stated he would not play for Nigeria coach Samson Siasia, temporarily ending his international career. He was however recalled in November 2011 for a pair of friendlies under new coach Stephen Keshi.
Honours
Fulham
UEFA Europa League: Runner-up 2009–10
Nigeria
Africa Cup of Nations third place:2010
Career statistics
Club
2011–12 appearances includes match in Uefa Cup, away to Dnipro on 25 August 2011, which is currently not included on Soccerbase website. 2015 appearances includes three matches in 2014–15 Svenska Cupen, also not included on Soccerbase.
References
External links
1982 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kano
Black British sportspeople
English people of Nigerian descent
Association football midfielders
Nigerian footballers
Nigeria international footballers
2008 Africa Cup of Nations players
2010 Africa Cup of Nations players
Nigerian expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Sweden
Manchester City F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Fulham F.C. players
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Premier League players
AIK Fotboll players
Allsvenskan players
English Football League players
2010 FIFA World Cup players
Nigerian expatriate sportspeople in England |
4003863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Poelaert | Joseph Poelaert | Joseph Poelaert (21 March 1817 – 3 November 1879) was a Belgian architect. He was entrusted with important projects in Brussels, such as the Church of St. Catherine, the Church of Our Lady of Laeken, the Congress Column, the Royal Theatre of la Monnaie and above all, the Palace of Justice. He was also the great-uncle of the architect Henri Van Dievoet.
Life
Early life
Joseph Poelaert was born in Brussels on 21 March 1817. His father was Philip Poelaert (1790–1875), a former architecture student at the Royal Academy of Fine Arts in Brussels. The young Poelaert also trained there under Tilman-François Suys, and then in Paris under Louis Visconti and Jean-Nicolas Huyot.
He first came to attention with his winning competition entry for the Congress Column in 1849. He was made city architect of Brussels in 1856.
Palace of Justice
Poelaert's most significant commission was the colossal Palace of Justice of Brussels, the largest single building constructed in the 19th century and even copied in smaller scale at the Palace of Justice in Lima, Peru.
For the Palace of Justice's construction, a section of the Marolles/Marollen neighbourhood was demolished. Poelaert himself resided in the Marolles, only a few hundred metres from the building, on the /, in a house adjoining his vast offices and workshops and communicating with them. It is thus unlikely he saw himself as ruining the neighbourhood. Nonetheless, many angry citizens personally blamed Poelaert for the forced relocations, and the expression schieven architect (meaning "shameful architect") became one of the most serious insults in the dialect of the Marolles.
Later life and death
Poelaert retired in 1874 to his villa at the Grande Grille, on 363, /, in the then-rural village of Laeken. He died on 3 November 1879 and was buried in Laeken Cemetery under a miniature version of his Palace of Justice.
Works
Congress Column, Brussels, 1850–1859
Church of St. Catherine, Brussels, 1854–1874
Church of Our Lady of Laeken, Brussels, site of the Royal Crypt of the Belgian Royal Family, begun in 1854, consecrated in 1872, completed in 1909
Restoration of the Royal Theatre of la Monnaie, Brussels, after the fire of 1855
Palace of Justice, Brussels, 1866–1883
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Architects from Brussels
1817 births
1879 deaths
Burials at Laeken Cemetery
Belgian neoclassical architects
Chevaliers of the Légion d'honneur
19th-century Belgian architects
Académie Royale des Beaux-Arts alumni |
4003872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teacher%20education | Teacher education | Teacher education or teacher training refers to the policies, procedures, and provision designed to equip (prospective) teachers with the knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, approaches, methodologies and skills they require to perform their tasks effectively in the classroom, school, and wider community. The professionals who engage in training the prospective teachers are called teacher educators (or, in some contexts, teacher trainers).
There is a longstanding and ongoing debate about the most appropriate term to describe these activities. The term 'teacher training' (which may give the impression that the activity involves training staff to undertake relatively routine tasks) seems to be losing ground, at least in the U.S., to 'teacher education' (with its connotation of preparing staff for a professional role as a reflective practitioner).The two major components of teacher education are in-service teacher education and pre-service teacher education.
Policy and related issues
The process by which teachers are educated is the subject of political discussion in many countries, reflecting both the value attached by societies and cultures to the preparation of young people for life, and the fact that education systems consume significant financial resources.
However, the degree of political control over Teacher Education varies. Where teacher education is entirely in the hands of universities, the state may have no direct control whatever over what or how new teachers are taught; this can lead to anomalies, such as teachers being taught using teaching methods that would be deemed inappropriate if they used the same methods in schools, or teachers being taught by persons with little or no hands-on experience of teaching in real classrooms. In other systems, teacher education may be the subject of detailed prescription (e.g. the state may specify the skills that all teachers must possess, or it may specify the content of teacher education courses).
Policy cooperation in the European Union has led to a broad description of the kinds of attributes that teachers in European Union member states should possess: the Common European Principle for Teacher Competences and Qualifications.
Continuum
Although ideally it should be conceived of, and organised as, a seamless continuum, teacher education is often divided into these stages
initial teacher training / education (a pre-service course before entering the classroom as a fully responsible teacher);
induction (the process of providing training and support during the first few years of teaching or the first year in a particular school);
teacher development or continuing professional development (an in-service process for practicing teachers).
Initial
Organization
In many countries, Initial Teacher Education (also known as preservice teacher training) takes place largely or exclusively in institutions of Higher Education. In countries like Sri Lanka there are separate institutes called National colleges of Education to provide pre-service teacher training while Teacher Training Colleges provide in-service teacher education. Further institutes called Teacher Centers provide continuing professional development for teachers. It may be organized according to two basic models.
In the 'consecutive' model, a teacher first obtains a qualification in one or more subjects (often a diploma in teaching or an undergraduate bachelor's degree), and then studies for a further period to gain an additional qualification in teaching (this may take the form of a post-baccalaureate credential or master's degree).
In the alternative 'concurrent' model, a student simultaneously studies both one or more academic subjects, and the ways of teaching that subject, leading to a combined bachelor's degree and teaching credential to qualify as a teacher of that subject.
Other pathways are also available. In some countries, it is possible for a person to receive training as a teacher by working in a school under the responsibility of an accredited experienced practitioner. In the United Kingdom there is a long tradition of partnerships between universities and schools in providing state supported teacher education. This tradition is not without tensions and controversies.
In the United States, approximately one-third of new teachers come through alternative routes to teacher certification, according to testimony given by Emily Feistritzer, the President of National Center for Alternative Certification and the National Center for Education Information, to a congressional subcommittee on May 17, 2007. However, many alternative pathways are affiliated with schools of education, where candidates still enroll in university-based coursework. A supplemental component of university-based coursework is community-based teacher education, where teacher candidates immerse themselves in communities that will allow them to apply teaching theory to practice. Community-based teacher education also challenges teacher candidates' assumptions about the issues of gender, race, and multicultural diversity. This assists to make an attitudinal change in the teacher trainees in order to eliminate segregation within the school community.
Curriculum
The question of what knowledge, attitudes, behaviours, approaches, methodologies and skills teachers should possess is the subject of much debate in many cultures. This is understandable, as teachers are entrusted with the transmission to learners of society's beliefs, attitudes and deontology, as well as of information, advice and wisdom, and with facilitating learners' acquisition of the key knowledge, attitudes and behaviours that they will need to be active in society and the economy.
Generally, Teacher Education curricula can be broken down into four major areas:
foundational knowledge in education-related aspects of philosophy of education, history of education, educational psychology, and sociology of education.
skills in assessing student learning, supporting English Language learners, using technology to improve teaching and learning, and supporting students with special needs.
content-area and methods knowledge and skills—often also including ways of teaching and assessing a specific subject, in which case this area may overlap with the first ("foundational") area. There is increasing debate about this aspect; because it is no longer possible to know in advance what kinds of knowledge and skill pupils will need when they enter adult life, it becomes harder to know what kinds of knowledge and skill teachers should have. Increasingly, emphasis is placed upon 'transversal' or 'horizontal' skills (such as 'learning to learn' or 'social competences'), which cut across traditional subject boundaries, and therefore call into question traditional ways of designing the Teacher Education curriculum (and traditional school curricula and ways of working in the classroom).
practice at classroom teaching or at some other form of educational practice—usually supervised and supported in some way, though not always. Practice can take the form of field observations, student teaching, or (U.S.) internship (See Supervised Field Experiences below).
Rural
Those training to teach in rural and remote areas face different challenges from those who teach in urban centres. Therefore, a different approach to teacher education is needed for those who aspire to each in rural and remote areas. It has been proposed that rural and remote communities may have more success recruiting teachers who already live in these communities, rather than trying to recruit urbanites to move to rural communities once they have completed their teacher training. Online and blended teacher education programs are becoming more prevalent to help meet the needs of teacher shortages in rural and remote areas. In addition, the United Nations Sustainable Development Goal 4 aims to substantially increase the supply of qualified teachers by 2030 through international cooperation.
Supervised field experiences
field observations—include observation and limited participation within a classroom under the supervision of the classroom teacher
student teaching—includes a number of weeks teaching in an assigned classroom under the supervision of the classroom teacher and a supervisor (e.g. from the university)
internship—teaching candidate is supervised within his or her own classroom
These three areas reflect the organization of most teacher education programs in North America as well as Asian countries like Sri Lanka. Courses, modules, and other activities are often organized to belong to one of the three major areas of teacher education. The organization makes the programs more rational or logical in structure. The conventional organization has sometimes also been criticized, however, as artificial and unrepresentative of how teachers actually experience their work. Problems of practice frequently (perhaps usually) concern foundational issues, curriculum, and practical knowledge simultaneously, and separating them during teacher education may therefore not be helpful.
However, the question of necessary training components is highly debated as continuing increases in attrition rates by new teachers and struggling learners is evident. Additionally, with the increasing demands of the "teacher" research is beginning to suggest that teachers must not only be trained to increase learning experiences for their students, but how to also be a leader in an increasingly challenging field. The debate of how best to prepare teachers for teaching in today's demanding environments will continue to be an important focus of the United States, where the education of all children successfully is priority.
Induction of beginning teachers
Teaching involves the use of a wide body of knowledge about the subject being taught, and another set of knowledge about the most effective ways to teach that subject to different kinds of learner; it, therefore, requires teachers to undertake a complex set of tasks every minute. Many teachers experience their first years in the profession as stressful. The proportion of teachers who either do not enter the profession after completing initial training, or who leave the profession after their first teaching post, is high.
A distinction is sometimes made between inducting a teacher into a new school (explaining the school's vision, procedures etc.), and inducting a new teacher into the teaching profession (providing the support necessary to help the beginning teacher develop a professional identity, and to further develop the basic competences that were acquired in college).
A number of countries and states have put in place comprehensive systems of support to help beginning teachers during their first years in the profession. Elements of such a programme can include:
mentoring: the allocation to each beginning teacher of an experienced teacher, specifically trained as a mentor; the mentor may provide emotional and professional support and guidance; in teacher training, induction is limited to the provision of a mentor, but research suggests that, in itself, it is not enough.
a peer network: for mutual support but also for peer learning.
input from educational experts (e.g. to help the beginning teacher relate what she learned in college with classroom reality).
support for the process of self-reflection that all teachers engage in (e.g. through the keeping of a journal).
Some research suggests that such programmes can: increase the retention of beginning teachers in the profession; improve teaching performance; promote the teachers' personal and professional well-being.
However, numerous authors suggest that current teacher education is highly flawed and primarily geared towards a western dominated curriculum. Hence, they suggest that teacher education should be inclusive and take into account multiple backgrounds and variables to allow teachers to be responsive to the requirements of their students. This falls into the area of culturally responsive teaching and requires teaching education and teachers to address issues of diversity education and disadvantage as a part of a teacher education curriculum. Jabbar & Hardaker (2013) argue that this is an essential process in helping students of ethnicity, colour and diversity achieve and attain.
Continuous Professional Development
Because the world that teachers are preparing young people to enter is changing so rapidly, and because the teaching skills required are evolving likewise, no initial course of teacher education can be sufficient to prepare a teacher for a career of 30 or 40 years. In addition, as the student body continues to change due to demographic issues there is a continuous pressure on academics to have mastery of their subjects but also to understand their students. Continuous professional development is the process by which teachers (like other professionals) reflect upon their competencies, keep them up to date, and develop them further.
The extent to which education authorities support this process varies, as does the effectiveness of the different approaches. A growing research base suggests that to be most effective, continuing professional development activities should:
be spread over time,
be collaborative,
use active learning,
be delivered to groups of teachers,
include periods of practice, coaching, and follow-up,
promote reflective practice,
encourage experimentation, and
respond to teachers' needs.
However, a systematic review published in 2019 by the Campbell Collaboration, summarizing evidence from 51 studies, finds no clear evidence that continuing professional development in education improves student academic outcomes.
Teacher training
In recent times, a major role in the Teacher training world has been covered by The Erasmus Programme and his platform, the SchoolEducationGateway; providing a unique opportunity to European teachers in international training courses in different European countries, fully funded the KA1 (KeyAction1).
Quality assurance in teacher education
The concept of 'Quality' in education is contested and understood in numerous different ways.
Assuring the quality of teacher education includes selecting competent recruits for teacher education programs, accrediting teacher education programs who consistently show positive results, and offering registration, licensing, or certification to those who demonstrate competency to enter the teaching profession.
It is sometimes taken to relate to the quality of the work undertaken by a teacher, which has significant effects upon his or her pupils or students. Further, those who pay teachers' salaries, whether through taxes or through school fees, wish to be assured that they are receiving value for money. Ways to measure the quality of work of individual teachers, of schools, or of education systems as a whole, are therefore often sought.
In most countries, teacher salary is not related to the perceived quality of his or her work. Some, however, have systems to identify the 'best-performing' teachers, and increase their remuneration accordingly. Elsewhere, assessments of teacher performance may be undertaken with a view to identifying teachers' needs for additional training or development, or, in extreme cases, to identify those teachers that should be required to leave the profession. In some countries, teachers are required to re-apply periodically for their license to teach, and in so doing, to prove that they still have the requisite skills. But still there are countries (e.g. Sri Lanka) where teaching cannot be considered as a profession as the teachers are not provided with a license to teach.
Feedback on the performance of teachers is integral to many state and private education procedures, but takes many different forms. The 'no fault' approach is believed by some to be satisfactory, as weaknesses are carefully identified, assessed and then addressed through the provision of in house or school based training. These can, however, be seen as benefiting the institution and not necessarily fully meeting the continuing professional development needs of the individual as they lack educational gravitas.
Teacher educators
A teacher educator (also called a teacher trainer) is a person who helps in-service and pre-service teacher trainees to acquire the knowledge, competencies and attitudes they require to be effective teachers.
Several individual teacher educators are usually involved in the initial or ongoing education of each teacher; often each specialises in teaching about a different aspect of teaching (e.g. educational ethics, philosophy of education, sociology of education, curriculum, pedagogy, subject-specific teaching methods etc.).
Not every culture has a concept that precisely matches the English term 'teacher educator'... Even where the concept exists, the range of roles that is covered by the term varies significantly from country to country. In some traditions, the term 'teacher trainer' may be used instead of 'teacher educator'.
A teacher educator may be narrowly defined as a higher education professional whose principle activity is the preparation of beginning teachers in universities and other institutions of teacher education, such as National Colleges of Education, Teacher Training Colleges and Teacher Centers. A broader definition might include any professional whose work contributes in some way to the initial education or the continuing professional development of school and other teachers.
Even within a single educational system, teacher educators may be employed in different roles by different kinds of organisation. In the European context, for example, people who could be considered to be teacher educators include:
Higher Education academics with a responsibility
for Teacher Education as such,
for teaching a subject (such as chemistry or mathematics) to students who will later become teachers;
for research into teaching,
for subject studies or
for didactics;
teachers in schools who supervise student teachers during periods of teaching practice;
school teachers or school managers responsible for inducting new teachers during their first year of teaching; or
those in charge of school teaching staff’s continuous professional development.
Teacher educators may therefore work in many different contexts including National Colleges of Education, teacher training colleges, teacher centers,(universities, schools, private sector training organisations or trade unions) and their working time may be fully, or only partly, dedicated to the preparation of teachers.
Professional knowledge and competences of teacher educators
Being able to educate teachers requires different knowledge and skills than those required to teach pupils or students.
Teacher educators' fields of knowledge
Some recent research has highlighted the many fields of knowledge that are required by teacher educators; these include knowledge about: the pedagogy of teacher education; learning and learners; teaching and coaching; and the profession of teacher educator itself. In addition, teacher educators need to know about the specific contexts their students will work and working in (e.g. for primary, or secondary education) and the subjects they will teach. More experienced teacher educators need expertise in: curriculum development and assessment; the wider context of teacher education, the way it is organised, and in research.
Multiple identities
The complexity of the tasks of the teacher educator arises in part because, as research has shown, they have multiple professional identities. (This is linked to the issues of definition of the term, highlighted above). While some of those who carry responsibility for the education of teachers do self-identify as 'teacher educator', others may self-identify rather as 'researcher' or 'academic'; others may relate primarily to their academic discipline, such as 'chemist' or 'geographer.'
But the key duality of identity that lies at the core of the teacher educator profession is that of first-order and second order teaching. A teacher educator must be a highly competent ‘first-order educator’ (i.e. a good teacher) but also a skilled ‘second-order educator’ (i.e. capable of teaching effectively about the skill of teaching and facilitating others to acquire teaching skills). As first-order educators, they need to be proficient teachers (of 'adult' students). As second-order educators, they require, in addition, specific competences and dispositions, such as modelling and meta-reflection, that enable them to teach about teaching.
The acquisition or improvement of teacher competences requires training, through which it will be improved educational planning and assessment. This results in a better learning of students, as evidences show. It is the objective of FAMT & L Comenius project, conducted at the University of Bologna, designed with the aim of promoting the correct use of formative assessment in mathematics education for students aged from 11 to 16. Reaching this goal supposes to design training programs for teachers of mathematics, starting from identifying their needs, believes, expectations and the use of formative assessment.
Modelling
The way in which teacher educators teach has a greater impact on student teachers’ thinking about practice than what teacher educators teach. So, teacher educators need to be able to model the competences and attributes they wish their students to adopt. Swennen et al. (2008). concluded that, in order to ‘model’ what they teach, teacher educators need to develop the ability to link their own (tacit) theories and practice of teaching to public theory, i.e., in Korthagen’s words, to translate Theory with a capital ‘T’ to theory with a small ‘t’.
Meta-reflection
Just as teaching is no longer seen as simply transferring factual information, so educating teachers also requires a more sophisticated approach, based upon professional awareness that comes from reflective practice. For Loughran, being a professional teacher educator requires “genuinely reflecting on, and responding to, the needs, demands, and expectations of teaching about teaching within the academy”.
Professional standards for teacher educators
In some parts of the world (notably the United States, Flanders and the Netherlands) specific standards of professional practice have been developed for, or by, teacher educators. These set out the range of competences that a member of the teacher educator profession is expected to be able to deploy, as well as the attitudes, values and behaviours that are deemed to be acceptable for membership of the profession).
Policy and legislation on the teacher educator profession
While schools and school teachers are often in the news and in political debate, research shows that the teacher educator profession is largely absent from such public discussions and from policy discourse in Education which often focuses exclusively on teachers and school leaders.
Some research suggests that, while most countries have policies, and legislation, in place concerning the teaching profession, few countries have a clear policy or strategy on the teacher educator profession. Caena (2012) found that some of the consequences of this situation can include a teacher educator profession that is poorly organised, has low status or low formal recognition, has few regulations, professional standards – or even minimum qualifications, and no coherent approach to the selection, induction, or continuing professional development of Teacher Educators.
In India, the National Council of Teacher Education (NCTE) released the 'National Curricular Framework for Teacher Education, 2010 (NCFTE), which aims to remedy many of the ills of teacher training in India. It calls for preparing a 'humane and reflective practitioner' and for fostering the agency and autonomy of the teacher, who can interpret the curriculum meaningfully to the contextual needs of the learners, than merely focus on 'teaching the text book'.
Research into the teacher educator profession
The teacher educator profession has also been seen as under-researched; empirical research on professional practice is also scarce.
However, the importance of the quality of this profession for the quality of teaching and learning has been underlined by international bodies including the OECD and the European Commission.
Some writers have therefore identified a need for more research into "what teachers of teachers themselves need to know", and what institutional supports are needed to "meet the complex demands of preparing teachers for the 21st century".
In response to this perceived need, more research projects are now focussing on the teacher educator profession. Several academic journals cover this field.
See also
European Teacher Education Network
Gender mainstreaming in teacher education policy
Normal school
Pedagogical pattern
Pedagogy
School of education
Teaching method
References |
4003877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracie%20Bennett | Tracie Bennett | Tracie Bennett (born 17 June 1961) is an English stage and television actress. She trained at the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts in Clapham, London. She played the role of Sharon Gaskell in Coronation Street from 1982 to 1984, returning to the role in 1999 and again in 2021.
Best known for her roles in theatre, both dramatic and musical, Bennett has received two Olivier Awards for Best Supporting Role in a Musical for her performances in the musicals She Loves Me and Hairspray with additional nominations for her work in High Society and Follies. Bennett was also nominated for the Olivier Award for Best Actress in a Musical for Mrs Henderson Presents while her performance as Judy Garland in End of the Rainbow earned her an Olivier nomination for Best Actress in a Play and a Tony Award nomination in the same category when the production transferred to Broadway.
Career
Bennett's first major television role was in Coronation Street between 1982 and 1984 as Sharon Gaskell, the Faircloughs' foster daughter. She returned to the role in 1999. She played dim-witted blonde Tracy Glazebrook in the pilot of Steven Moffat's sitcom Joking Apart (1991), a role which she reprised for the subsequent two full-length series in 1993 and 1995. She played Shirley's rebellious daughter Millandra in the film version of Shirley Valentine (1989). She appeared in She Loves Me at the Savoy Theatre in 1994, for which she won the Laurence Olivier Award as Best Supporting Performance in a Musical. She played Ida in Honk!, which won the 2000 Olivier Award for Best Musical.
In 2003, she was praised for her role in the London production of High Society, for which she was nominated for an Olivier Award in 2004. She appeared in Sex, Chips and Rock 'n' Roll at the Royal Exchange Theatre in Manchester in 2005, for which she won a TMA Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Musical. In January 2006, Bennett joined the West End production of Les Misérables in the role of Madame Thénardier at the Queen's Theatre, which she continued to play to July 2007. In October 2007, she began her run in the role of Velma Von Tussle in the London premiere of the musical Hairspray at the Shaftesbury Theatre. She mentioned on a televised interview Alan Titchmarsh that it was a "great show" and that she enjoyed doing it, but also said it was exhausting, pointing out that to begin with, the wiring under her wig weighs 10 lbs, making some of the dancing difficult. In spite of this, her efforts were rewarded in March 2008, when she received her second Olivier Award for Best Supporting Performance in a Musical for her performance.
In February 2010, Bennett took on the role of Judy Garland in the first London production of Peter Quilter's play End of the Rainbow. The production premiered with at Northampton's Royal Theatre, and subsequently transferred to London's West End. Bennett received an Olivier Award nomination for Best Actress for her performance. The production transferred to Broadway in March 2012, with Bennett reprising her role. For her performance in the Broadway production, Bennett received a Tony Award nomination for Best Leading Actress in a Play, and won the Outer Critics Circle Award and Drama Desk Award for Outstanding Actress in a Play. In 2013, she joined the cast of detective series Scott & Bailey as Sharon, the estranged mother of DC Bailey. In 2015 and 2016, she played Laura Henderson in the musical Mrs Henderson Presents and received a nomination for the Olivier Awards 2016 in the category Best Actress in a Musical.
Between 2014 and 2017 she played patient Molly Drover in the BBC medical drama, Casualty. In 2017, she played the role of Carlotta in the National Theatre production of Follies by Stephen Sondheim, singing the song "I'm Still Here". In March 2021, it was announced that Bennett would be returning to Coronation Street reprising her role as Sharon Bentley after 22 years away.
Filmography
Film
Television
Theatre
Awards and nominations
Stage
References
External links
Les Misérables Extensive list of credits
Interview with Tracie Bennett, westendtheatre.com; accessed 2 May 2015.
1961 births
Living people
English television actresses
English stage actresses
English musical theatre actresses
Alumni of the Italia Conti Academy of Theatre Arts
People from Leigh, Greater Manchester
Theatre World Award winners
Laurence Olivier Award winners |
4003888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norton%20Rural%20District | Norton Rural District | There were two different Norton Rural Districts in different parts of England
Norton Rural District (Derbyshire)
Norton Rural District (Yorkshire) |
4003889 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Wynter | Ed Wynter | Edward James Collins Wynter (1904–1974) was an Australian professional rugby league footballer for the University club in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition.
Ed Wynter died at Lane Cove, New South Wales on 16 August 1974, age 70.
Career playing statistics
Point scoring summary
Matches played
References
Australian rugby league players
Sydney University rugby league team players
1904 births
1974 deaths
Place of birth missing |
4003897 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frances%20Willard%20%28magician%29 | Frances Willard (magician) | Frances Louise Willard (born December 12, 1940) is an American magician.
The daughter of magician Harry Willard (1896–1970), who performed as "Willard the Wizard", she began her career at age six as an assistant to her father. After her divorce from Texas newspaper editor Glenn Tucker, with whom she had three children (including Margo), she married magician Glenn Falkenstein. Their signature trick was the "spirit cabinet" illusion, a variation of which Willard had performed as a solo act. They received the Dunninger Award, the Milbourne Christopher Award of Excellence, and were inducted into the Society of American Magicians' Hall of Fame. Falkenstein died on July 4, 2010, of Alzheimer's disease.
Willard is the mother-in-law of magician Michael Ammar.
References
1940 births
American magicians
Living people |
4003900 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon%20High%20School%20%28Florida%29 | Brandon High School (Florida) | Brandon High School is a public high school in Brandon, Florida, United States. It is overseen by the School District of Hillsborough County.
History
The school originally opened in 1914 on the current site of McLane Middle School, for the education of white students only. In 1966, due to the federal lawsuit Manning vs. the School Board of Hillsborough County, a small group of African-American students were permitted to attend for the first time, and in 1971 large scale busing to improve integration of the school commenced. In 2001 the school district achieved unitary status and mandated busing was ended. In 1972, the school moved to its current location on Victoria Street in Brandon. The school colors are maroon and white. The school mascot is the Eagle. Brandon High is currently Pending school grade in SDHC's high school grading scale. The school has been awarded Blue Ribbon School status.
Demographics
The demographic breakdown of the 1,957 students enrolled in 2012-2013 was:
Male - 51.8%
Female - 48.2%
Native American/Alaskan - 0.4%
Asian/Pacific islanders - 2.2%
Black - 19.7%
Hispanic - 30.0%
White - 44.0%
Multiracial - 3.7%
Additionally, 54.3% of the students were eligible for free or reduced lunch.
Athletics
Wrestling team
The Brandon wrestling team holds the national record for the longest winning streak (34 years, 459 wins) by a high school sports team. The streak came to an end on January 5, 2008, when Brandon was defeated by South Dade High School 32–28.
Soccer
Brandon High boys won the state championship in 2003.
Brandon High School nature preserve
This approximately wooded site located on the south side of the campus was designated an official Schoolyard Habitat in 2006 by the National Wildlife Federation. Ecology students help collect animal and plant data annually using a variety of tools and technologies including Global Positioning Satellite (GPS) receivers and digital cameras.
They also construct nesting boxes for birds and roosting boxes for bats to help increase the biodiversity of the area. Many other classes use the area as an outdoor classroom, including art, English, performing arts, and technology.
Notable alumni
Scott Blake, visual artist
J. S. G. Boggs, visual artist
Terry Butler, bassist for death metal acts Obituary, Death, Six Feet Under, and Massacre
Chris Cates, former professional baseball player.
Mark Consuelos, actor
Rick Barrio Dill, bass guitar player
Chone Figgins, former professional baseball player
David Galloway, former professional football player
Franklin Gomez, freestyle wrestler
Joey Graham, former professional basketball player
Stevie Graham, former professional basketball player
Danny Graves, former professional baseball player
Garry Hancock, former professional baseball player
Frederick Hutson, entrepreneur
Gene Killian, former professional football player
Toney Mack, former professional basketball player
Admiral Charles D. Michel, 30th Vice Commandant of the United States Coast Guard
Paul Orndorff, former professional wrestler
Mike Pucillo, former professional football player
Jody Reed, former professional baseball player
Dwayne Schintzius, former professional basketball player
Ronda Storms, Florida state legislature
Ozzie Timmons, baseball player and coach
Jeff Turner, former professional basketball player
References
External links
Brandon High School website
School profile
Educational institutions established in 1914
High schools in Hillsborough County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
1914 establishments in Florida |
4003903 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20S.%20Stevens | S. S. Stevens | S. S. Stevens may refer to:
Stanley Smith Stevens, an American psychologist
SS Stevens, a ship used as a floating dormitory |
4003907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20Because%20I%27m%20a%20Woman%3A%20Songs%20of%20Dolly%20Parton | Just Because I'm a Woman: Songs of Dolly Parton | Just Because I'm a Woman: Songs of Dolly Parton is a various-artists tribute album to Dolly Parton, released on October 14, 2003. The title song is a rerecording by Parton of a song she originally wrote during the 1960s and first included on her album Just Because I'm a Woman in 1968. The Emmylou Harris track "To Daddy" was recorded in 1978, and first appeared on Harris' album Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town (a single release of the song reached #3 on the U.S. country singles chart in early 1978); the remainder of the tracks on the album were new recordings by each of the artists made specifically for this project.
Track listing
"9 to 5" - Alison Krauss
"I Will Always Love You" - Melissa Etheridge
"The Grass Is Blue" - Norah Jones
"Do I Ever Cross Your Mind" - Joan Osborne
"The Seeker" - Shelby Lynne
"Jolene" - Mindy Smith
"To Daddy" - Emmylou Harris
"Coat of Many Colors" - Shania Twain and Alison Krauss
"Little Sparrow" - Kasey Chambers
"Dagger Through the Heart" - Sinéad O'Connor
"Light of a Clear Blue Morning" - Allison Moorer
"Two Doors Down" - Me'shell Ndegeocello
"Just Because I'm a Woman" - Dolly Parton
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
External links
Just Because I'm A Woman: Songs of Dolly Parton at Dolly Parton On-Line
2003 albums
Country albums by American artists
Dolly Parton tribute albums
Sugar Hill Records albums |
4003916 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evening%20Chronicle | Evening Chronicle | The Evening Chronicle, now referred to in print as The Chronicle, is a daily newspaper produced in Newcastle upon Tyne covering North regional news, but primarily focused on Newcastle upon Tyne and surrounding area. The Evening Chronicle is published by ncjMedia, a division of Reach plc. It has a circulation of 26,811 as of 2016, down −12.3% year on year.
History
The Chronicle originated as the Newcastle Chronicle, founded in 1764 as a weekly newspaper by Thomas Stack and Ann Fisher. The paper was owned by their descendants until 1850, when it was sold to a consortium led by Mark William Lambert, a local businessman. The repeal of the taxes on newspapers in 1855, along with the hiring of new journalists and the installation of a new printing press created an opportunity to expand the newspaper. On 1 May 1858 the Newcastle Daily Chronicle was launched. The editor, Joseph Cowen, became its sole owner at the end of 1859. He soon turned the Chronicle into the most successful newspaper in the area and one of the most successful provincial newspapers of the 19th century. In April 2013 the Evening Chronicle became known as The Chronicle or Chronicle Live.
Present day
The Chronicle was a broadsheet from its inception until 8 October 1997, when it switched to become a tabloid. Prior to 2007 the paper was published twice daily, with an evening edition on sale from the late afternoon.
It concentrates on local news, human interest stories and sport, with a particular emphasis on Newcastle United F.C. A jobs supplement increases the paper's circulation every Thursday. In October 2013, the Chronicle and its sister publications The Journal and Sunday Sun were banned from Newcastle United F.C. due to the papers' coverage of a fans' protest march. The ban was later withdrawn.
The Chronicle's political coverage is focused towards the region and local politics: being a predominantly Labour supporting region, this feeds into the coverage of current affairs. However, the Chronicle has never made an official endorsement unlike contemporary regional papers such as the Evening Standard or the Liverpool Echo.
Sister papers
Owned by Reach plc, the Chronicle is the sister publication of another North East newspaper The Journal. The two papers once complemented each other with The Journal being published in the morning and the Chronicle in the afternoon, though both titles are now printed overnight and are on newsstands along with national titles.
In 2007, a local free paper The Herald and Post was rebranded under the Chronicle banner, as Chronicle Extra.
The Chronicle focuses on news and sport in the North East and in particular the Newcastle United. North East sport was covered by The Pink (a Chronicle supplement) from 1895 to 2005. The "Pink" paper was usually issued after the days football had concluded on a Saturday. The last edition was published on 17 December 2005.
See also
Sunday Sun
References
Newspapers published in Tyne and Wear
Evening Chronicle, The
Publications established in 1885
1885 establishments in England
Daily newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Newspapers published by Reach plc |
4003918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang%20Kun | Huang Kun | Huang Kun (; September 2, 1919 – July 6, 2005) was a Chinese physicist and an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. He was awarded the State Preeminent Science and Technology Award (the highest science award in China) by President Jiang Zemin in 2001.
Born in Beijing, China, in 1919, Huang graduated from Yenching University with a degree in physics. In 1948, he earned his PhD from the H. H. Wills Physics Lab of Bristol University in England and continued his postdoctoral studies at Liverpool University, where he coauthored the book Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices with Max Born between 1949 and 1951.
In 1951, Huang returned to China to teach, and became a professor of physics at Peking University. In 1955, he became a founding member of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS). After his retirement in 1983, Huang remained active in the research of semiconductors and was selected as the chairman of the Chinese Society of Physics between 1987 and 1991. He served as Director of the Institute of Semiconductors of the CAS.
Huang made many founding contributions to the field of solid-state physics. His Dynamical Theory of Crystal Lattices, which was a result of his collaboration with German Nobel laureate Max Born, has become a classic work of modern physics. The Born–Huang approximation is named after them.
1919 births
2005 deaths
Alumni of the University of Bristol
Educators from Beijing
Members of the Chinese Academy of Sciences
Peking University faculty
Physicists from Beijing
Yenching University alumni
Chinese expatriates in the United Kingdom |
4003920 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oberelsa%C3%9F | Oberelsaß | Oberelsaß (or Upper Alsace, ) was the southern part of the historical region Alsace or Elsass, inhabited originally by locals speaking Alemannic German. From 1871 to 1918, Bezirk Oberelsaß was a region (Bezirk) in the southern part of the province of Elsaß-Lothringen in the German Empire. The region corresponds exactly to the current French department of Haut-Rhin. Its capital was Colmar. It was divided into the districts (Kreise) of:
Altkirch within the Sundgau
Colmar
Gebweiler (Guebwiller)
Mülhausen (Mulhouse)
Rappoltsweiler (Ribeauvillé)
Thann
The flag of Oberelsaß is a yellow bar on a red field decorated on each side with three crowns. The combination of this flag with that of Unterelsaß forms the flag of modern Alsace.
History of Alsace
Former government regions of Germany
1871 establishments in Germany |
4003924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Wynne%20%28rugby%20league%29 | James Wynne (rugby league) | James Wynne (born 16 September 1976) is a former France international rugby league footballer who played for the Newcastle Knights in the National Rugby League competition. Wynne also played for Lézignan Sangliers in the French Rugby League Championship.
Background
He was born in Gunnedah, New South Wales, Australia.
Club career
During the 2001 and 2002 seasons, Wynne was the number-two halfback behind Andrew Johns and was only able to secure five first-grade games. In 2003, Wynne found himself a starting position with French club, Toulouse Olympique, where he was captain.
With Toulouse he lost at home in semi-final of French championship against Lézignan.
International career
In June, 2007, Wynne was selected for France (qualifying through residency) against Great Britain where he started from the bench.
He was named in the France training squad for the 2008 Rugby League World Cup.
James was named Man Of The Match in the Rugby League World Cup win over Scotland in Canberra on Sunday 26 October 2008.
Coaching
Since September 2007 he played for French team Lézignan Sangliers, where he was captain and coach, semi-finalist 2008 in Lord Derby Cup against Limoux, Champion of France 2008 beating Pia (champion 2006 & 2007) by 28 to 16.
Post playing
Wynne now resides in Orange NSW with his wife Carly and 2 children. He is now a Fixed Plant Mechanical Supervisor for Newcrest Mining at Cadia Valley Operations south of Orange NSW.
Wynne acted as captain/coach for the Gunnedah Bulldogs Rugby League Club during the 2012 season.
Footnotes
References
1976 births
Living people
Australian rugby league coaches
Australian rugby league players
Newcastle Knights players
France national rugby league team players
Lézignan Sangliers captains
Lézignan Sangliers coaches
Lézignan Sangliers players
Rugby league five-eighths
Rugby league players from New South Wales
Toulouse Olympique captains
Toulouse Olympique players |
4003928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CKVX-FM | CKVX-FM | CKVX-FM is a Canadian radio station broadcasting at 104.9 FM with a country format branded as Country 104.9. Licensed to Kindersley, Saskatchewan, it serves west central Saskatchewan. It first began broadcasting in 2005. The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting.
The CKVX call sign was originally used by Chilliwack, British Columbia radio station CKKS-FM between 2000 and 2004.
In August 2016, CKVX increased its power to 100,000 watts; the new signal covers the majority of west central Saskatchewan, although the station will primarily focus on serving Kindersley and Rosetown. In September 2016, CKVX-FM flipped to country.
References
External links
Kvx
Kvx
Kvx
Radio stations established in 2005
2005 establishments in Saskatchewan
Kindersley |
4003930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Wimbledon%20Championships%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's singles | Goran Ivanišević defeated Patrick Rafter in the final, 6–3, 3–6, 6–3, 2–6, 9–7 to win the gentlemen's singles tennis title at the 2001 Wimbledon Championships. It was his first and only major title. Ivanišević became the first unseeded player to win the title since Boris Becker in 1985, and the first wild card to win a Major. His ranking improved by 109 places following the win, from world No. 125 to world No. 16. Ivanišević had reached the Wimbledon final three times before (in 1992, 1994 and 1998) but lost each time.
Pete Sampras was the four-time defending champion, but he lost in the fourth round to 19-year-old Roger Federer. The Sampras-Federer match was the only time the two ever competed against each other in a professional match. This was the first major tournament at which Federer was seeded. Sampras was attempting to equal Björn Borg's record of five consecutive Wimbledon titles (which Federer would achieve in 2007).
This was the year when Wimbledon expanded from 16 to 32 seeds.
Seeds
Pete Sampras (fourth round)
Andre Agassi (semifinals)
Pat Rafter (final)
Marat Safin (quarterfinals)
Lleyton Hewitt (fourth round)
Tim Henman (semifinals)
Yevgeny Kafelnikov (third round)
Juan Carlos Ferrero (third round)
Sébastien Grosjean (third round)
Thomas Enqvist (quarterfinals)
Thomas Johansson (second round)
Jan-Michael Gambill (first round)
Arnaud Clément (fourth round)
Wayne Ferreira (first round)
Roger Federer (quarterfinals)
Vladimir Voltchkov (first round)
Tommy Haas (first round)
Magnus Norman (withdrew)
Nicolas Kiefer (fourth round)
Fabrice Santoro (third round)
Carlos Moyá (second round)
Dominik Hrbatý (first round)
Todd Martin (fourth round)
Nicolas Escudé (quarterfinals)
Albert Portas (first round)
Sjeng Schalken (third round)
Hicham Arazi (third round)
Franco Squillari (first round)
Guillermo Coria (first round)
Nicolás Lapentti (withdrew)
Alberto Martín (first round)
Gastón Gaudio (first round)
Jonas Björkman (third round)
Harel Levy (first round)
Magnus Norman and Nicolás Lapentti withdrew due to injury. They were replaced in the draw by the highest-ranked non-seeded players Jonas Björkman and Harel Levy, who became the #33 and #34 seeds respectively.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
2001 Wimbledon Championships – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
Wimbledon Championship by year – Men's singles |
4003932 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algeria%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Algeria at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Algeria sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy from 10 to 26 February 2006. The nation had participated in the Winter Olympics only once previously, in 1992. The delegation consisted of two athletes, Christelle Laura Douibi in alpine skiing and Noureddine Maurice Bentoumi in cross-country skiing. Douibi's 40th-place finish in the women's downhill was Algeria's best finish in these Olympics.
Background
Algeria made its Winter Olympic Games debut at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville, France. The country was absent from the next three Winter Olympics, returning 14 years later for these Turin Games. Although Algeria has won medals in the Summer Olympics, no Algerian athlete has ever won a medal at a Winter Games. Algeria's delegation to Turin consisted of two athletes, Christelle Laura Douibi in alpine skiing and Noureddine Maurice Bentoumi in cross-country skiing. Douibi was the flag bearer for the opening ceremony, while Bentoumi was chosen to carry the flag for the closing ceremony.
Alpine skiing
Christelle Laura Douibi was 20 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics, her first, and so far only participation in Olympic competition. On 15 February she participated in the women's downhill; she finished in a time of 2 minutes and 9 seconds, 40th and last out of those who completed the race. She was approximately 13 seconds behind the gold medalist. On 20 February she took part in the women's super-G, finishing in a time of 1 minute and 43 seconds, which placed her 51st and last in the competition. Her time was 11 seconds behind the gold medalist. She dedicated her performance to her father, Mohammed, who had died 18 months prior to the Olympics.
Cross-country skiing
Noureddine Maurice Bentoumi, the lone Algerian cross-country skier in Turin, was 33 years old at the time of these Olympics, and he was making his Olympic debut. On 26 February, he took part in the men's 50 km freestyle. He was more than 5 minutes behind the leader after 10 kilometres of the event, and did not complete the race, retiring between the 10 and 26.6 kilometre checkpoints.
Distance
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Olympics |
4003963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Causal%20closure | Causal closure | Physical causal closure is a metaphysical theory about the nature of causation in the physical realm with significant ramifications in the study of metaphysics and the mind. In a strongly stated version, physical causal closure says that "all physical states have pure physical causes" — Jaegwon Kim, or that "physical effects have only physical causes" — Agustin Vincente, p. 150.
Those who accept the theory tend, in general although not exclusively, to the physicalist view that all entities that exist are physical entities. As Karl Popper says, "The physicalist principle of closedness of the physical ... is of decisive importance and I take it as the characteristic principle of physicalism or materialism."
Causal closure cannot be resolved if we give up at some point. For each causal explanation, new questions emerge. According to David Deutsch causal closure is impossible to be resolved in every day life (it is fallacy when it's used to assert a non-Everettian single first cause or when it's used to hide hypernymic ontological questions [like constructors] beyond specific events [like constructor results]). The correct term is "Everettian causal connectome" or "manyworlded causal connectome". Many-worlds interpretation is about alternative events, but a deeper approach on Hugh Everett's view is the many-constructors interpretation (any universe-making constructor necessarily exists; is self-caused being mathematically correct).
God is an exo-cause of the universe (not a self-cause); but still God is a self-cause of the system God—universe; thus any cosmogonic theory requires self-causation (or self-causality). God is necessarily a person; if God were a physicalist procedure then we simply distort language by merging semantics. God is a personhooded thinker, thus he requires a personhood-yielding computer (aka brain; but immaterial and not necessarily similar to ours). The idealized brain can be described topologically as a connectome with nodes (infinite brain models are possible; like a cloud of different densities and different permitted directions of informational flow). Topology doesn't have to do with specific distances (but relationships; with many of them you may get interpreted distances by observers made of the same topological stuff), but specific topological connectomes create distance-like rules (for example topology is used in the foundations of quantum mechanics; theoretically it has nothing to do with specific distances, but procedural restrictions create relative distances amongst objects created by the same rules). Thus even an idealized immaterial brain, would topologically require volume in order it doesn't merge its nodes; and thinking requires time (thinking is procedural; otherwise it would be static structure; but static structure isn't universe-like; it doesn't meet the criteria of spacetime, and it cannot be procedurally perceived if in that reality everything is static). Thus spacetime is more fundamental than brains; and God is impossible being not the utmost fundamental. God cannot resolve the causal closure by failing to being the utmost fundamental existence; thus by failing to exist (thinking requires a connectome, and God requires causal closure to be possible at the fundamental level, without Everettian alternatives).
Some cyclic universe hypothesis (alternative versions of it exist) doesn't provide the full causal answers (because it's focusing on events); but the constructors of particular universes do (because they focus on fundamental principles); still not in a simplistic manner, because the foundations of any substantiality are connectome-like (particles have to co-exist to make a universe; single particles cannot exist without their corresponding universe; the same goes for fundamental laws [but physics isn't complete and some think it cannot be as a physical axiomatic system due to the nature of self-caused axiomatics; that logically procedural view doesn't include the supernatural]).
The causal closure or better stated the "Everettian causal connectome" is related to the arrow of time because fundamental descriptions of nature are quantum, not classical. The principle of least action is usually simple in classical physics (some Newtonian problems with alternative curved paths give more than one or infinite solutions), but in quantum mechanics it leads to many solutions (Everettian view [the path of least action is the full Everettian bouquet or the multiverse; a human observer only observes some of the outcomes]). In everyday life it's intuitively (but erroneously) believed that a single past existed; but the wave function also creates multiple pasts (as it creates multiple futures). Reality is a connectome of events; and events further in the future and in the past or locally very afar from us (or not fully observationally entangled), exist in a bouquet of alternative realities in relationship to us. If you didn't permanently record absolutely everything in the past (quantum physics restricts the amount of information we can extract from a system), you cannot claim a single past existed in relationship to you; without to build that relationship in an absolute manner.
Is the supposed causal closure or better put "Everettian causal connectome" Everettianly open-ended (space regions afar [from the observed] in time, space, or less entangled connectome of events)?
That's one possibility. The correct one according to pure Everettism; but very afar realities contribute lesser and lesser to the arbitrary center of observation (ontological renormalization approach).
Quantum entanglement (complete or partial) is extremely important, because it cannot convey telecommunication information (useful data) but it can convey wavefunctional (ontological) information. Hubble volumes afar from ours cannot transmit useful information, but are part of the same universe due to the infinite overlapping Hubble volumes. That's why open-ended wavefunctional causality matters for the description of the observed wave function in relation to afar in space, time and entanglement strength wave functions. Probabilistically all particles are entangled to some distant others (due to random coincidence [usually that entanglement is partial; very weak; it includes alternative outcomes]) and that keeps the universe as a whole; but practically afar space regions wavefunctionally (ontologically) are weakly entangled. The further apart two Hubble volumes are, the least entangled they are; but zero entanglement is impossible due to random coincidence entanglement and due to the infinite intermediary Hubble volumes.
According to some thinkers, the rejection of causal closure and the Everettian causal connectome (or other meta-Everettian views based on variations of physical foundations and not mere events) is necessary for the self-causation of the universe [that openness allows existence] (the God–universe system still requires self-causation; and introduces the necessity of personhood as a criterion of cosmogony which is deemed wrong due to the hypernymic nature of spacetime when compared to personhood-yielding computers [brains]; Maxwell's demon ramifications would force God to eternally increase his mind in order he doesn't delete information, but that introduces informational entropy [the God–universe system is needlessly [metaphysical personocracy] more entropic than the physicalist universe system]).
Definition
Physical causal closure has stronger and weaker formulations.
The stronger formulations assert that no physical event has a cause outside the physical domain — Jaegwon Kim. That is, they assert that for physical events, causes other than physical causes do not exist. (Physical events that are not causally determined may be said to have their objective chances of occurrence determined by physical causes.)
Weaker forms of the theory state that "Every physical event has a physical cause." — Barbara Montero, or that "Every physical effect (that is, caused event) has physical sufficient causes" — Agustin Vincente, (According to Vincente, a number of caveats have to be observed, among which is the postulate that "physical entities" are entities postulated by a true theory of physics, a theory of which we are ignorant today, and that such a true theory "will not include mental (or in general, dubious) concepts" (Note 5, p. 168).) or that "if we trace the causal ancestry of a physical event we need never go outside the physical domain." — Jaegwon Kim. Weaker forms of physical causal closure are synonymous with the causal completeness, the notion that "Every physical effect that has a sufficient cause has a sufficient physical cause." That is, weaker forms allow that in addition to physical causes, there may be other kinds of causes for physical events.
The notion of reductionism supplements physical causal closure with the claim that all events ultimately can be reduced to physical events. Under these circumstances, mental events are a subset of physical events and caused by them.
Importance
Physical causal closure is especially important when considering dualist theories of mind. If no physical event has a cause outside the physical realm, it would follow that non-physical mental events would be causally impotent in the physical world. However, as Kim has agreed, it seems intuitively problematic to strip mental events of their causal power. Only epiphenomenalists would agree that mental events do not have causal power, but epiphenomenalism is objectionable to many philosophers. One way of maintaining the causal powers of mental events is to assert token identity non-reductive physicalism—that mental properties supervene on neurological properties. That is, there can be no change in the mental without a corresponding change in the physical. Yet this implies that mental events can have two causes (physical and mental), a situation which apparently results in overdetermination (redundant causes), and denies the strong physical causal closure. Kim argues that if the strong physical causal closure argument is correct, the only way to maintain mental causation is to assert type identity reductive physicalism—that mental properties are neurological properties.
Criticism
The validity of the physical causal closure has long been debated. In modern times, it has been pointed out that science is based on removing the subject from investigations, and by seeking objectivity. This outsider status for the observer, a third-person perspective, is said by some philosophers to have automatically severed science from the ability to examine subjective issues like consciousness and free will. A different attack upon the physical causal closure discussed by Hodgson is to claim science itself does not support the physical causal closure. Some philosophers have criticized the argument for the physical causal closure by supporting teleology and mental-to-physical causation via a soul.
Ignoring phenomena
There seem prima facie to be irreducible purpose-based (or teleological) explanations of some natural phenomena. For instance, the movement of a writer's fingers on the keyboard and a reader's eyes across the screen is irreducibly explained in reference to the goal of writing an intelligible sentence or of learning about the physical causal closure arguments, respectively. On the face of it, an exclusively non-teleological (descriptive) account of the neurological and biological features of hand movement and eye movement misses the point. To say, "I am moving my fingers because my brain signals are triggering muscle motion in my arms" is true, but does not exhaustively explain all the causes. Both are causes. In Aristotelian terms, a neurological account explains the efficient cause, while the purpose-based account explains the final cause.
The physical causal closure thesis challenges this account. It attempts to reduce all teleological final (and formal) causes to efficient causes. Goetz and Taliaferro urge that this challenge is unjustified, partly because it would imply that the real cause of arguing for the physical causal closure is neurobiological activity in the brain, not (as we know it is) the purpose-based attempt to understand the world and explain it to others.
Unprocedurality and lack of ontological definition lead to no identity, thus nonexistential nonphenomena cannot be attributed to specific entities. Without causal connectome there is no existence. Many antiphysicalists deem personhood and consciousness supernaturally self-caused and reject neuroscience (but they claim they don't reject it). Antiphysicalists (supernaturalists) don't have an analytical theory of the procedurality and immaterial ontological substance of the soul. They simplify neuroscience. They don't accept that weights of connectome activity, being pre-thoughts (biases: memories, phenotypical, hormonal, cell-component randomness [pre-consciousness before consciousness doesn't exist; not all motions inside cells are controlled perfectly]) result to thoughts. David Deutsch speaks about inexplicit thoughts (see: What is the 'Fun Criterion'? – David Deutsch – behind the scenes - YouTube). Artificial neural network small duration patterns and small duration bio-neural patterns are examples of pre-thoughts (not even inexplicit), but they make no sense as mere data activity if we don't know their particular connectome.
See also
Antireductionism
Epiphenomenalism
Physical determinism
Reductionism
References
Causality
Concepts in metaphysics
Metaphysics of mind
Dualism (philosophy of mind)
Physicalism |
4003970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics | Kenya at the 2006 Winter Olympics | Kenya sent a delegation to compete at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy, from 10–26 February 2006. This was Kenya's third time participating in a Winter Olympic Games. The Kenyan delegation consisted of one athlete, cross-country skier and three-time Olympian Philip Boit. In his only event, he finished 91st in the men's 15 kilometre classical.
Background
The National Olympic Committee of Kenya was recognised by the International Olympic Committee on 1 January 1955. They have competed at most Summer Olympic Games since then and through 2016 have won exactly 100 medals at Summer Olympiads. Their first Winter Olympics participation, however, only came in the 1998 Winter Olympics, and Kenya was making its third Winter Olympic appearance in Turin. Kenya has never won a Winter Olympics medal. The Kenyan delegation was the first to check in at the Turin Olympics. The 2006 Winter Olympics were held from 10–26 February; a total of 2,508 athletes representing 80 National Olympic Committees took part. The delegation consisted of a single athlete, cross-country skier Philip Boit. He was the flag bearer for both the opening ceremony and the closing ceremony. Boit was Kenya's only Winter Olympian until Sabrina Simader competed at the 2018 Winter Olympics, a games at which he served as chef de mission.
Cross-country skiing
Philip Boit, who had gained international recognition after placing last in the 1998 Winter Olympics, competed in his third Olympics as Kenya's sole representative. Boit was a runner in his native Kenya, who had been scouted by American sportswear company Nike, who wished to train runners as cross-country skiers. In 1998, Boit finished the 10 kilometer classical race in a time of 47 minutes and 25.5 seconds, 20 minutes behind Bjørn Dæhlie, the gold medalist; delaying the medal ceremony, Dæhlie remained at the finish line to congratulate Boit. Boit saw snow only two years before his Olympic debut in 1998, and later named his first child after Dæhlie. He was 26 years old at the time of the Turin Olympics. On 17 February, Boit finished the 15 kilometre classical in a time of 53 minutes and 32.4 seconds, which put him in 91st place out of 96 classified finishers. The gold medal was won by Andrus Veerpalu of Estonia in 38 minutes and 1.3 seconds, the silver by Lukáš Bauer of the Czech Republic and bronze was taken by Tobias Angerer of Germany. When Kenya next qualified for a Winter Olympics, in 2018, Boit was one of the coaches and said of the athlete Sabrina Simader, "Being the pioneer of skiing in Kenya, I am glad that my legacy continues as Simader heads to South Korea."
Distance
See also
Kenya at the 2006 Commonwealth Games
References
Nations at the 2006 Winter Olympics
2006
Winter Olympics |
4003982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20index | Mass index | The mass index is an indicator, developed by Donald Dorsey, used in technical analysis to predict trend reversals. It is based on the notion that there is a tendency for reversal when the price range widens, and therefore compares previous trading ranges (highs minus lows).
Mass index for a commodity is obtained by calculating its exponential moving average over a 9-day period and the exponential moving average of this average (a "double" average), and summing the ratio of these two over a given number of days (usually 25).
Generally the EMA and the re-smoothed EMA of EMA are fairly close, making their ratio is roughly 1 and the sum around 25.
According to Dorsey, a so-called "reversal bulge" is a probable signal of trend reversal (regardless of the trend's direction). Such a bulge takes place when a 25-day mass index reaches 27.0 and then falls to below 26 (or 26.5). A 9-day prime moving average is usually used to determine whether the bulge is a buy or sell signal.
This formula uses intraday range values: not the "true range," which adjusts for full and partial gaps. Also, the "bulge" does not indicate direction.
References
Technical indicators |
4003995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mouna%20Ayoub | Mouna Ayoub | Mouna Ayoub () (born on 27 February 1957 in Kuwait) is a French socialite and businesswoman of Lebanese origin. Frequently in the media, she is often a guest of the Cannes film festival and makes headlines in French gossip magazines.
Biography
She was born into a Maronite Christian family. At the age of 20 she converted to Islam to marry Nasser Al-Rashid, a 40-year-old businessman and adviser to King Fahd. She has five children with Nasser Al-Rashid. After eighteen years of marriage, and according to her divorce agreements, she left Saudi Arabia and built a fortune by investing in real estate and stocks. She wrote about her marriage in her 2000 book La Vérité: autobiographie.
Ayoub stated she wrote the book to explain her situation, and to address allegations published by a Lebanese magazine that she was a modern-day Madame Bovary. As Scott MacLeod of Time Magazine wrote: "But if her tale provides a rare look at the extravagance often wrought by unimagined wealth, it also serves as a disturbing manifesto against the extreme restrictions imposed on women by some ultraconservative Arab societies." Her former husband filed suit in an attempt to stop publication of the autobiography. The book became a best seller in France.
In 1997, she bought a boat from Bernard Tapie, the Phocéa (the largest sailing yacht in the world before 2004), for €5.56 million to which was added €18.25 million worth of work. To pay for the work she sold a number of her jewels including "The Mouna diamond," one of the largest yellow diamonds of the world () for a price of €2.52 million (16.5 million francs) a Bulgari necklace for 15.3 million francs, and a collection of jewels by
Tabbah. After getting rid of the yacht, she sold the contents in a well publicized auction.
The Associated Press estimated her net worth at over $300 million. In 2006, The New York Times offered a figure of about $500 million.
She has the largest private collection of haute couture in the world, encompassing more than 10,000 items. She never wears the same item of couture twice, and all of the major couture houses maintain an Ayoub mannequin for a proper fit in her absence. The Associated Press claimed: "She's also a couture philanthropist. She has just do world will this week disclose how a disastrous marriage to a Saudi Royal family adviser drove her to depression and attempted suicide."
Published works
References
External links
1957 births
Living people
Naturalized citizens of France
Converts to Islam
Lebanese Sunni Muslims
French Muslims
French former Christians
Lebanese socialites
Lebanese businesspeople
Former Maronite Christians
Lebanese businesswomen
Lebanese emigrants to France
Lebanese emigrants to Saudi Arabia
Lebanese emigrants to Kuwait |
4003996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heroes%20%281977%20film%29 | Heroes (1977 film) | Heroes is a 1977 American drama film directed by Jeremy Paul Kagan and starring Henry Winkler, Sally Field and Harrison Ford (in his first post-Star Wars role, but filmed before that movie's release).
Winkler plays a Vietnam War vet with PTSD who sets about finding the men from his unit that had served in Vietnam. Field plays his at-first-reluctant girlfriend and Ford plays one of the former soldiers in his unit, now a dysfunctional stock car driver in Sedalia, Missouri, who keeps a stolen M16 rifle in the trunk of his car.
Plot
Jack Dunne (Winkler), an amnesiac Vietnam veteran most likely suffering from a severe case of PTSD , escapes a mental ward in New York City intent on starting a business as a worm farmer in Eureka, California.
At the bus station, he accidentally meets Carol Bell (Field), a woman unsure of her engagement to a man toward whom she has confused feelings. Initially annoyed by Jack, Carol gradually warms to him as they set off on a trip through middle America towards Northern California: during the journey she has time to reflect on her impending nuptials as Jack tries to locate his three war buddies hoping to enlist them in his dream to start a worm farm.
It becomes clear that the first two friends Jack and Carol locate are in too poor condition to do much work of any kind. When a visit to the parents of the third results in the disclosure that the friend had died in the war, Jack, who knew as much but was in denial, relives the battlefield trauma of his buddy's death. Finally, Carol's compassion and caring enable Jack to come to terms with reality.
Cast
Henry Winkler as Jack Dunne
Sally Field as Carol Bell
Harrison Ford as Ken Boyd
Val Avery as Bus Driver
Olivia Cole as Jane Adcox
Hector Elias as Dr. Elias
Dennis Burkley as Gus
Tony Burton as Chef
Michael Cavanaugh as Peanuts
Stuart Margolin (uncredited) Station Wagon Driver
Production
The film was based on an original autobiographical script by James Carabatsos, a Vietnam veteran who also wrote such military-themed films as Heartbreak Ridge and Hamburger Hill. He sent it to the agent of Henry Winkler, then hugely popular because of Happy Days. Winkler loved the script and showed it to two producers, Lawrence Turman and David Foster, who wanted to work with him. They presented it as a package to Ned Tanen at Universal who agreed to finance the movie. David Freeman did a rewrite of the film which was shot over 35 days.
Reception
The film was difficult to sell owing to its subject matter and the fact Winkler was playing a character so different from the Fonz.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, Heroes holds a rating of 29% from 14 reviews. On Metacritic the film has a weighted average score of 35 out of 100, based on 7 critics, indicating "generally unfavorable reviews".
When the movie was released on VHS/DVD, the ending song, "Carry On Wayward Son" by Kansas - their first Top 20 hit - was replaced by an instrumental song, as the rights to the song had not been obtained. This greatly diminished the emotional impact of the final scene. However, most TV airings still contain the original soundtrack, and, in fact, the inclusion of the Kansas song has allowed "Carry On Wayward Son" to remain popular since its release, being certified Gold in 1990, and frequently still heard on the radio.
Box office
The movie was a box office success, grossing $33.5 million on a $3.1 million budget, and opened at number 1 at the U.S. box office.
Accolades
Henry Winkler received a Golden Globe award nomination for Best Actor in a Drama film. He also received the corresponding BAFTA nomination. It received another BAFTA nomination, for Best Musical Score.
References
External links
1977 films
1977 comedy-drama films
American films
American comedy-drama films
Anti-war films about the Vietnam War
English-language films
Films scored by Jack Nitzsche
Films directed by Jeremy Kagan
1977 directorial debut films
Universal Pictures films
1977 comedy films
1977 drama films
Films about veterans |
4004004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WXON-LD | WXON-LD | WXON-LD is an independent low-power television station in Flint, Michigan and licensed to Millington, Michigan. It is not to be confused with the former WXON-TV, which is now WMYD, the independent station in Detroit, Michigan and Windsor, Ontario—the station's owners, P&P Cable Holdings, got the WXON calls shortly after that station became WDWB—then of which becoming WMYD. P&P is known for picking up calls no longer used by Michigan's TV and radio stations and reusing them for their own LPTV properties.
The station broadcast on channel 54, but did not cover all of Flint. The station broadcast at 100 watts from a transmitter on Dort Highway (M-54), covering a small area to the southeast of Mount Morris. It had a construction permit to increase power to 150 kW from a location near Otisville, which would have covered Flint and northwestern Genesee County with its directional beam; however, the construction permit expired in February 2008, and was not renewed.
The station had a translator station, W09CK, which covers part of the north side of Flint at 85 watts.
Since the DTV transition in the United States did not affect low power stations, WXON-LP never applied to broadcast in digital.
The actual date of the station's closure is unknown; the license for WXON-LP was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission in January 2012. The FCC re-licensed the station on July 14, 2021. The station transmits from a communications tower on Lewis Road east of Clio, Michigan.
References
External links
Michiguide: More info on Flint's WXON
Michiguide: More info on P&P Cable Holdings
FCC records for WXON-LP
XON-LP
Defunct television stations in the United States
Television channels and stations established in 1999
1999 establishments in Michigan
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2012
2012 disestablishments in Michigan
XON-LP |
4004011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagli | Cagli | Cagli is a town and comune in the province of Pesaro e Urbino, Marche, central Italy. It c. south of Urbino. The Burano flows near the town.
History
Cagli occupies the site of an ancient village on the Via Flaminia, which seems to have borne the name Cale, or Callium north of Helvillum (now Sigillo) and southwest of Forum Sempronii (now Fossombrone).
In the 6th century it was one of the strongholds of the Byzantine Pentapolis. A free commune was founded in Cagli at the end of the 12th century, and it quickly subdued more than 52 surrounding castles, overthrowing the rural lords and threatening the feudal powers of the abbots. Its expansion established the borders of the diocese of Cagli. When the city was partially destroyed by fire, started by Ghibelline factions in 1287, the settlement was moved down from the slopes of Monte Petrano and rebuilt anew on flatter land, incorporating the pre-existing suburb. The rebuilding of the city, under the patronage of Pope Nicholas IV, followed Arnolfo di Cambio's grid-pattern town plan. Cagli soon returned to being a prosperous centre. A register of taxes paid to the Church in 1312, revised after a heavy fall in population due to famine, shows that Cagli then numbered around 7,200 inhabitants. Shortly afterwards, in the Constitutiones Aegidianae of 1357, Cagli appeared among the nine major cities in the Marca (along with Pesaro, Fano and Fossombrone). The economic development of the city centred mainly on the manufacture of woollen cloth (later also silk) and the tanning of hides, industries that grew considerably under the dukes of Urbino.
When the Duchy of Urbino was handed over to the Papal States in 1631, Cagli became subject to the same economic policies as the rest of the Marche region, principally cereal cultivation. The low yields in the upland Apennine areas brought about an unstoppable decline.
The Unification of Italy stirred up strong anticlerical feelings. The building of the Fano-Fabriano-Rome railway, the construction of the new Municipal Theatre, and new public spaces gave substance to the progressive vision of the future. At the same time, the confraternities were stripped of their roles in city life and the monasteries were confiscated.
Cagli's destiny was now absorbed within the wider context of Italy's national history. The railway line was destroyed by Nazi forces in 1944 and the Via Flaminia lost its importance as a major road, marking a long period of decline for Cagli and the surrounding valleys, which was to be reversed only towards the end of the second Millennium.
Main sights
Rocca Torrione
The fortified complex, built in 1481, was designed for Duke Federico III da Montefeltro by Francesco di Giorgio Martini. The latter in his Treatise, places Cagli as first among his six outstanding fortresses, and describes it in great detail with a certain degree of pride. Particularly unusual is the secret passage (the soccorso coverto) that links the tower to the imposing ruins of the diamond-shaped fortress (demolished in 1502). The fortifications date back to a time when architects like Francesco di Giorgio Martini were testing out innovative solutions to the problems posed by new developments in artillery.
Since 1989, the rooms of the tower - which have a certain sculptural form themselves - have hosted the Centre for Contemporary Sculpture, containing specially commissioned works by sculptors of international renown such.
San Francesco
The church, dating from 1234, is the pivot around which Cagli was rebuilt in 1289. The marble portal with its inlaid lintel and spiral columns (with the stylized owl on the lower left-hand side) dates from 1348.
In the interior, the recent dismantling of the 19th century vaulting above the apse has brought to light medieval vaulting above with a cycle of frescoes dating to the 1340s. These frescoes are believed to be the work of Mello da Gubbio and show influences of the Sienese painter Ambrogio Lorenzetti. Two fragments of 14th century frescoes on the counter façade are attributed to the circle of the Maestro of Montemartello. On the side altars the principal works (counterclockwise from the right) are: two fragments of framed frescoes, once attributed to Antonio Alberti da Ferrara, now attributed to the Secondo Maestro of the Oratory of St John the Baptist, Urbino; the Miracles of the Snow by Ernst van Schayck(1617) and a young Gaetano Lapis (1730); a processional wooden crucifix, from the Northern European school, from the second half of the 15th century; an altarpiece (1540) by Raffaellino del Colle. The organ - attributed to Baldassarre Malamini - is the oldest in the Marche region and dates from the second half of the 16th century. Beside it, on the left, is one of three wash drawings by Battaglini da Imola from 1529 (the other two are beside the main altar).
In the piazza in front of the church is a bronze statue of Angelo Celli, by Angelo Biancini, erected in 1959, in front of the loggia built in 1885.
Church of Santa Maria della Misericordia
The church bears the same name as the confraternity that has been based here since 1301. The sturdy portal (1537) is topped by a 16th-century fresco of the Madonna della Misericordia. The interior was decorated with frescoes, of which several large fragments still remain: the Martyrdom of St Apollinia (1455) is by Jacopo Bedi from nearby Gubbio, while the others have elements that are reminiscent of the Basilica of San Francesco in Assisi. The main altar, with its 15th-century canopy with the Four Evangelists, also has a remarkable polychrome group in the niche depicting the Madonna della Misericordia. On the two side altars (c. 1625) are works by Claudio Ridolfi, and the predella showing the Massacre of the Innocents (1634) by Girolamo Cialdieri.
Church of Sant'Angelo Minore
Passing through the loggia (built in a 15th-century style, though erected in 1560), the interior has an elaborate main altar dating from the mid-17th century. Made from gilded and lacquered wood with great Solomonic columns, at its centre is the painting depicting Noli me tangere (1504), signed "THIMOTHEI DE VITE URBINAT. OPUS", a masterwork by Timoteo Viti, alongside his work in the mausoleum of the Dukes of Urbino.
Town Hall
Piazza Matteotti - once known as Piazza Maggiore - is dominated by the 13th century Palazzo Pubblico, or Town Hall, built to house the city's governors. The building, onto which was added the Palazzo del Podestà (the monumental façade overlooks via Alessandri), was donated by the Comune to Federico III da Montefeltro in 1476. The Duke commissioned Francesco di Giorgio Martini to transform it into a ducal palace, but the works were never completed. The lowering of the raised entrance, the creation of a loggia(of which only the benches and corbels remain), and the vaulted rooms on the ground floor, all date from this period. The area around the clock on the façade date from 1575, while the statue of the "Madonna with Child" is from 1680 and was commissioned in Venice.
To the side of the undecorated entrance are three standard measuring units: piede (foot), braccio (arm) and canna (cane): to these should be added the stub of a Roman column known as the "Cagliese quarter" now positioned just inside the main room on the ground floor. The fresco in the lunette on the back wall is of the Madonna with Child, St Michael Archangel and St Gerontius (1536) attributed to Giovanni Dionigi. Also on show - as an extension to the Archeological Museum - are objects including ducal coats of arms of both the Montefeltro and Della Rovere families, communal emblems - including one of St Michael - and a pair of dolphins. From the Entrance Hall, the door to the left of the entrance from the piazza takes you down to the segrete, a dungeon-like basement with ceramic fragments discovered during excavation works, and Medieval masonry including a civic coat of arms, capitols, a rose boss, a garland carving, and drain covers from the civic aqueduct.
Heading out of the Sala del General Consiglio the passageway under the fresco is framed by a 15th-century doorway decorated with the emblems of Duke Federico in bas-relief. From here one enters the courtyard. At its centre is the sculpture "Ordine Cosmico" (1997) by Eliseo Mattiacci. The Archaeological Museum (currently being enlarged) occupies parts of the 13th century Palazzo del Podestà. The fountain at the centre of Piazza Matteotti was built in 1736 by Giovanni Fabbri, to a design by Anton Francesco Berardi the younger.
Cagli Cathedral
This basilica church has been modified over the centuries. The Gothic portal (1424) can still be seen on the left wall; it was sculpted by Maestro Antonio di Cristoforo of Cagli and the 17th century painted decoration is by Lodovico Viviani. After the damaging earthquake in 1781, Pietro Giacomo Patriarca's tall dome was replaced by the present-day rounded vault. The bell tower is topped by an octagonal brick belfry (1790) designed by Giovanni Antinori. The main works are: in the right nave, the altarpieces by Gaetano Lapis (1758) (2nd chapel) and by Sebastiano Conca (1720) (3rd chapel); in the transept, The Patron Saints (1704) by Luigi Garzi and the Madonna and Child with Saints Peter and John the Baptist commissioned in 1695 by the Medicis of Florence and painted by a member of the Nasini family; in the Chapel of the Blessed Sacrament, two canvases by Gaetano Lapis (1754 and 1756); in the left nave, an Annunciation from the workshop of Barocci, a fragment of a 16th-century fresco of the Immaculate Conception attributed to Giuliano Persciutti of Fano (though perhaps by Dionigi of Cagli), and the 17th century Eternal Father by the local artist Giambattista Gambarini in the tympanum above the altar. The organ was built by Nicola Morettini in 1889.
Church of San Domenico
The church was built by the Celestines, a branch of the Benedictine order, after the reconstruction of the city in 1289. The front portal dates from 1483, the apse from 1655 and the bell tower from 1654. Inside, the principal works are by Giovanni Santi, father of Raphael. These are (from the left) the funeral monument with a fresco of Christ in the Tomb between Saints Jerome and Bonaventure(1481) and the celebrated Tiranni Chapel, considered to be his masterpiece, which dates from the early 1490s. Beside the Virgin's throne, the work depicts an angel gazing outwards from the scene; it is traditionally believed that this is a portrait of Raphael as a child, while the face of St John the Baptist appears to be a self-portrait of Santi himself. On the opposite wall of the church, in a niche, is the 16th century Annunciation, once attributed to Girolamo Genga and more recently to Timoteo Viti. Beside it is the Presentation in the Temple by Gaetano Lapis. 14th-century frescoes can be see beneath the 1576 layer of plaster. In the spacious crypt (stairs to the side of the Tiranni Chapel) is a cycle of frescoes by Antonio Viviani.
Other sights
About to the northwest of Cagli and west of the Via Flaminia, at the modern Acqualagna, is the site of an ancient town; the place is now called piano di Valeria, and is scattered with ruins. Inscriptions show that this was a Roman stronghold, perhaps Pitinum Mergens.
Other sights in the town include:
Ponte Mallio, dating to Roman Republican times (220 BC): it is one of the most imposing Roman remains along the ancient consular road, the via Flaminia. The bridge was built using large blocks (some more than a cubic metre) of which were put into place without mortar. The section of dressed cornelian stone dates from a later restoration, perhaps at the beginning of the Roman Imperial period.
Municipal theatre, opened in 1878 and designed by Giovanni Santini.
Palazzo Berardi Mochi-Zamperoli, enlarged in the early 17th century, to designs by Anton Francesco Berardi. Its architecture was further refined in the 18th centuryby another Berardi (Anton Francesco junior). Beneath the frescoed upper rooms, decorated by pupils of Barocci, on the ground floor is the Polo Culturale di Eccellenza, with libraries and archives (in preparation), while on the top floor is the Centro di Documentazione della Scultura (in preparation) with drawings and models of public sculptures by 20th century Italian artists. On the main piano nobile various art exhibitions take place during the year.
Church of San Giuseppe. This church was once known as Sant'Angelo Maggiore, and was used by the city's governors. Its barrel-vaulted interior is decorated with Mannerist stucco-work. The paintings portray events from the life of St Joseph, while high-relief figures (kings, patriarchs and biblical figures) decorate the niches around the walls. At the centre of the vaulting is Charity, linked by Telamons to the other Theological Virtues. On the two late-16th century side altars are plaster statues of "St Joseph" and "Our Lady of Sorrows", with ornate plaques. On the high altar is an Archangel Michael (1764) between 17th-century frescoes by Girolamo Cialdieri.
San Nicolo: church and monastery date to 1398.
San Giuseppe: Franciscan church
Events
is a national celebration of Italian and international charcuterie takes place annually, at the end of April when the town showcases the best charcuterie from the rich gastronomic culture of Italy. Cagli is now known as a national marketplace for high-quality charcuterie and is seeking to become a leader in the promotion of traditional breeds, free range pigs and the production of top quality meat and charcuterie.
Procession of Cristo Morto, held in the late afternoon of Good Friday: after the deposition in the Cathedral, it ends in front of the church of San Giuseppe, where the two images of Our Lady of Sorrows and Christ are brought before each other. In the evening, four hundred confraternity members, barefoot and hooded, from five confraternities form the religious procession that precedes the carriage bearing the veiled statue of the Dead Christ, in a ritual that remains unchanged since the 16th century.
Corpus Christi procession The city's streets are carpeted with flowers, arranged by citizens and worshippers as a demonstration of popular piety, for the procession in which the priest carries the consecrated host, under a rich canopy, accompanied by members of the Confraternity of the Blessed Sacrament.Palio and '''Gioco dell'Oca. Old rivalries between Cagli's historic Quarters form the background to this competition, which traces its history back to 1543. The Eve of the event (the 2nd Saturday of August) begins with the investiture of the Captains and the offering of oil to the patron saint. In the evening everyone gathers in the Quarters to share traditional dishes, hoping that fortune will be on their side. On the day of the Palio (the 2nd Sunday of August) the Magistrate, accompanied in procession, displays the trophy of the golden goose. Dice throwers move the score-markers of the respective Quarters on a 54-square board, while young players battle each other in contests which moves them backwards or forwards on the board until the winner is proclaimed. In the evening, there is general celebration or consolation in the outdoor taverns of the four Quarters.
See also
Roman Catholic Diocese of Cagli-Pergola
Roman Catholic Diocese of Fano-Fossombrone-Cagli-Pergola
Sources
Cities and towns in the Marche
Roman sites of the Marche |
4004024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2002 Australian Open – Men's singles | Thomas Johansson defeated Marat Safin in the final, 3–6, 6–4, 6–4, 7–6(7–4) to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2002 Australian Open. Johansson became the first Swede to win the title since Mats Wilander in 1988.
Andre Agassi was the two-time defending champion, but withdrew due to a wrist injury.
The 2002 edition of the tournament marked the first time that the top two seeds lost in the first round at the Australian Open. In the first round, top seed Lleyton Hewitt lost to Alberto Martín, while second seed Gustavo Kuerten lost to Julien Boutter. It was the first time that the top two seeds lost in the first round of a major since the 1990 French Open.
Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Thomas Johansson is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 2002 Australian Open Men's Singles draw
2002 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Mens singles
Australian Open (tennis) by year – Men's singles |
4004033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20D.%20Chamberlain%20High%20School | George D. Chamberlain High School | George D. Chamberlain High School is a public high school in Tampa, Florida, United States. It was opened in 1956 on North Boulevard (on the corner of Busch Boulevard). The school is named in honor of George D. Chamberlain, who served for several years as a trustee for the Hillsborough County School System. In 2011 Chamberlain was listed as an "A" School; this is a first in the school's history.
In 2002, the school started a culinary operations academy program supported by Outback Steakhouse. No other school in Hillsborough County offers this program. Chamberlain is also the only school in the Hillsborough County Public School District to offer Marine Corps JROTC, with 200 plus cadets (11% of the school) enrolled.
Demographics
In the 2018–2019 academic year, the student population numbered 1,560. The ethnic makeup was as follows:
44.87% Hispanic
31.15% Black
15.83% White
5.13% Multi-racial
2.50% Asian
0.51% Native American
Athletics
Chamberlain is a member of the Florida High School Athletic Association and competes as the Chiefs in these sports:
Boys: baseball, basketball, cross country, football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, swimming, wrestling
Girls: basketball, cheerleading, cross country, flag football, golf, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming, volleyball, wrestling
Florida state championships
Golf (Boys): 1959
Golf (Girls): 1999 Spring, 1999 Fall, 2000
Softball: 2003, 2012
Notable alumni
Dennis Aust, MLB pitcher.
Forrest Blue, NFL offensive lineman.
Brodrick Bunkley, NFL nose tackle.
Bob Burns, NFL running back.
Jane Castor, Mayor of Tampa
Kathy Castor, U.S. Representative, Florida - District 14.
Brian Clark, NFL wide receiver.
Joe Clermond, NFL defensive end.
Elijah Dukes, MLB outfielder.
Robert Gant, actor and producer.
Steve Garvey, MLB first baseman.
Chip Glass, NFL tight end.
Jay Gruden, Head coach, Washington Redskins.
Bob Hall (Class of 1960), Republican member of the Texas State Senate
James Harrell, NFL linebacker.
Kevin House, Jr., NFL cornerback.
Oliver Hoyte, NFL linebacker/fullback.
Lauren Hutton (known then as Mary Hall), model-actress.
Jimmy Jordan, NFL running back.
Greg Lee, NFL wide receiver.
Dentarius Locke, American Track and field sprinter.
Dennis Lundy, NFL running back.
Bobby Sprowl, MLB pitcher for Boston Red Sox and Houston Astros
Aasif Mandvi, actor
Lynn Matthews, college football player and newspaper publisher.
Dean May, NFL quarterback.
Eugene McCaslin, NFL linebacker.
Mike Mekelburg, professional soccer midfielder.
Dave Miley, MLB manager for the Cincinnati Reds.
Ron Selesky, NFL player/Arena Football League coach.
Shock G, rapper.
Liz Vassey, actress.
Tom Walker, MLB pitcher.
Footnotes
References
External links
The Chieftain school newspaper
High schools in Tampa, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
1956 establishments in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1956
Historically segregated African-American schools in Florida |
4004034 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochrane%20Park | Cochrane Park | Cochrane Park, located at Newcastle upon Tyne, England, is the principal competitive venue for football, rugby and cricket at Newcastle University. It is named after Sir Cecil Cochrane who donated 20 acres of land to the university. It has three county standard football pitches, three county standard rugby pitches, a cricket square, a lacrosse pitch and five tennis courts. The site also offers a pavilion with team changing facilities, function suite and bar facilities. Newcastle University was an official Games-Time Training Venue for the London 2012 Olympic Games, and the University's Cochrane Park sports ground was a dedicated football training venue for the Games in July 2012.
The area around the Cochrane Park sports ground is also widely known as Cochrane Park and is home to Newcastle University's residential facility called Henderson Hall and the Coach Lane Campus of Northumbria University and Roy Haygarth. It consists of many streets such as Felixstowe Drive, Cochrane Park Avenue, Bretton Gardens and Vancouver Drive, opposite the Lochside Public House. It is known as a middle class area. It borders High Heaton, and has local walkways which link it to Paddy Freemans Park and Victoria Glade Park.
References
External links
Northumbria University
Newcastle University Sports
Olympics 2012
BBC Look North
Districts of Newcastle upon Tyne
Newcastle University
Sports venues in Newcastle upon Tyne |
4004035 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Model%20horse | Model horse | Model horses are scale replicas of real horses. They originated simultaneously – but independently – in the United States, Canada, and the United Kingdom, followed later by Sweden (UK-influenced), Germany (US-influenced), and Australia. They encompass a wide variety of fanbase activities, from those who simply like to collect, to those who show their models at model horse shows. Unlike model cars or trains, model horse collectibles do not need to be assembled from kits, although they can be altered to the collector's liking.
Brief history
In the late 1960s, UK collectors came together through PONY magazine, and several clubs and newsletters were born, the most important being The Postal Pony Club. From this was created the Lindfield Model Showing Association and later Model Horse News (MHN), a bi-monthly magazine which ran until 1989. In 1979 The International Arabist magazine appeared, which though restricted to Arab horses and their descendants, was the first magazine to actively seek to unite hobbyists from around the world. While MHN remained largely in the original tradition of Julips, etc., TIA promoted realism through custom Breyers. TIA changed its name to Model Horse International (MHI) to reflect its move away from purely Arabian interest, but the magazine folded around 1989. MHN also folded around this time, but was replaced by Model Horses Unlimited (MHU) catering for both realistic and more traditional models, and which is still in existence today.
During the 1960s, hobbyists such as Ellen Hitchins, Simone Smiljanic, and Marney Walerius began to organize photo shows. One of the earliest known clubs was the IMHA, or International Model Horse Association, which was run by Hitchins and Smiljanic. Many young hobbyists got their start after reading a short article about model horse collecting, which was published in the March 1969 issue of Western Horseman magazine. In the 1970s, US model horse collectors decided that their horses should be doing something else than just sitting on a shelf. They began to seek each other out, and early model horse magazines such as Breyer's Just About Horses and Model Horse Showers Journal were the means for collectors to socialize. Realism became the goal and the hobby grew a larger fanbase. With more techniques being shared, the shift in realism became more apparent. For example, an early bridle might have been made out of string. Today it would be made from leather, and include actual miniature bits.
Clubs also formed as an outlet for collectors. Most clubs are devoted to particular breeds, performance activities (such as racing, eventing etc.) or regions, and just like real horse clubs, there are year-end awards, club events, point programs and newsletters for members.
Brand history
The earliest popular brands of mass-produced model horses in the UK and the US strongly influenced the collecting and showing trends in these two countries - the latex-bodied and haired Julips in the UK, and the injection moulded, hard plastic Breyers in the United States.
UK brands
Model horses have long been popular toys, mainly as mounts for soldiers or figures for model farms - essentially accessories for action figures. In 1920 Britains Ltd became one of the first companies to mass produce these types of figures. Over the years their range of equine figures expanded though they remained generic action figures; Roy Selwyn-Smith created some very detailed 54 mm ('mini') horses for Britains Ltd.
Julip Horses Ltd, in 1947, created the first mass produced, stand-alone equine figures. Originally, Julips were stuffed soft toys in the tradition of companies such as Edith Reynolds, but later switched to hand-casting in latex (Julip Originals). Other companies such as Isis, Pegasus, and Otway, soon released their own lines of latex composition (the forerunner of resin) equines. Pamela du Boulay took the latex models to the next level with the creation of Rydal models in 1969 - highly accurate, airbrushed sculptures, each an artist original.
In 2008 Helen and Alice Moore launched a line of detailed latex models, the Equorum Model Horse Stud. Hobby artist Donna Chaney, known for her porcelain figures, introduced a small number of latex equine molds known as RubberNedz in 2015.
Many toy companies produce plastic equine figures as companions or accessories and a few of these have dedicated equine lines. One of these earlier companies was Dream Ponies, a product of Swallow Horsetoys. In 1971, they released a small range of injection moulded plastic equine models and accessories; Dream Ponies was later sold and re-launched as Magpie Models. Other brands with a significant following includes My Beautiful Horses by Vivid Imaginations; Plastech, manufactures of Thelwell Pony figures; and Sindy, a British version of Barbie which included a variety of horses in their product line.
In 2015 Utterly Horses, the largest model horse distributor in the UK, announced the creation of a new model horse company, CopperFox Model Horses. The mission of this new enterprise is to produce accurate and high quality examples of British breeds which are underrepresented in the plastic arena dominated by USA-based companies.
Ceramic horses are also popular, though more fragile collectibles. Companies such as Beswick, Border Fine Arts (ceramic and resin), Alchemy Ceramics – later purchased by Animal Artistry, Melba Ware and many others offer a variety of equine figures.
US brands
In the late 1940s - early 1950s, Hartland Collectibles and Breyer Animal Creations (now a division of Reeves International) began producing realistic injection moulded plastic model horses. Both companies' first models were standing western horses next to or over a clock.
Most of Breyer's original horses, dogs and cattle were sculpted by Chris Hess, though many artists have contributed to create a wide variety of breeds and poses. Breyer Animal Creations hosts BreyerFest, a weekend-long celebration of the product every year at the Kentucky Horse Park in Lexington, Kentucky. Breyer Horses traditionally come in five scales, from largest to smallest: Traditional (1:9), Classic (1:12), Little Bit/Paddock Pal (1:24), Stablemate (1:32), and Mini Whinny (1:64). A 1:6 scale model was added in 2014, though it is unknown whether this scale group will be expanded and given a name. In addition to their fully hard plastic line, Breyer also produces haired 'toy' models, soft toys, ceramic and resin models, books, ornaments, and craft kits.
Hartland Collectibles changed ownership many times throughout their history and suffered devastating flooding in 1986 and 1994 which damaged product and machinery. The latest purchase took place in 2001 and production ceased again around 2008.
In the mid-1990s, Peter Stone, son of Sam Stone who originally helped create Breyer Animal Creations, worked for Breyer most of his life but eventually parted ways and started his own company. Stone Horses are known for a handful of molds released in a wide range of special, limited edition runs and collectible decorator colors, as well as turning a popular Quarter Horse resin by Carol Williams into plastic. Today Stone and Breyer horses are the top two popular plastic model horse brands.
Companies such Grand Champion, Blue Ribbon, Creata, and many others produce some form of model horse, but these are generally considered too toy-like to be of major interest to collectors.
Hagen-Renaker is a California-based company which produces model horse figures. These figures are highly collectible and a number of the molds were leased by Breyer for production in plastic.
Artist resins
Limited edition artist resins (usually original sculptures rather than customs), first began to appear in the 1980s. The very first were castings taken from customized Breyers, issued by Black Horse Ranch owned by the late Karen Grimm. Carol William's famous "Quarter Horse 1" or "RRQH1" ("RR" for "Rio Rondo", the name of Williams' modeling enterprise) was one of the first to be cast from an original sculpture.
Resin models - high-quality castings of an original artist's sculpture - are typically sold unpainted, ready to finish by the customer. They took the hobby by storm in the 1990s, and are very popular and much-sought after today. A resin can be an affordable way to own a favorite artist's work, with the price dependent on the rarity of the piece. Some resins are released in highly limited editions of 50 pieces or less. Such models sell out rapidly, and might be resold with higher secondary-market prices.
Model horse activities
Collecting
Due to the vast amount of model horses available, some hobbyists collect only one kind of breed, scale or particular mold. Most model horses are in the 1:9 scale, while others are no bigger than mice. Usually a model is released in a particular color for a number of years or a limited run. The model horse company may decide to make portrait models of famous horses as well, such as Secretariat and Man o' War. Having a collection of several color versions of one mold is referred to as a "conga line". Hobbyists simply collect what they like, and others may collect in hopes of selling at a profit later on. There is no guarantee that models will increase in value over time. Since the advent of eBay, comparing prices has become much easier, so prices have fallen. Buyers can now purchase a horse for much less than what it was originally bought.
While the original scope of collecting may have focused on plastic horses, they may now be made of resin or ceramic. Common brands are: Breyer Horses, Paradise Horses, Stone Horses, Hagen-Renaker, Royal Doulton, North Light, Grand Champion and Schleich. While most model horses are sold as toys, some, like resins, are delicate, much more expensive and are not made for children. Common plastic model horses may be bought from toy stores, tack shops, authorized dealers or other collectors. Prices range from a few dollars to many thousands for an artist resin.
Some hobbyists also collect Model Horse catalogs, magazines and promotional items.
Customizing
Not content with factory produced models, hobbyists took to remaking factory-made models by adding hair, removing tails or altering the position or color. Many of these early customs are considered crude by today's standards. These early models often had fake fur manes and tails, or were painted with spray paint and even permanent markers. Legs were moved by heating plastic with hair dryers or candles.
However, in the late 1970s, British artists finally gained access to Breyers (which were not then commercially available in the UK), and began to rework them using more sophisticated techniques in a deliberate attempt to replicate the realism of the du Boulay Rydals. This comprised the use of airbrushes, fine mohair tops and epoxy putty for re-sculpting. Today these techniques and the term "customizing" have been adopted worldwide to become effectively hobby standard.
Acrylics (brushed or air-brushed), oil paints, brushed-on pastel dust, and etching away the original finish paint with an x-acto knife are all common materials and methods for altering the appearance of a model. Coloured pencils, watercolour (pencil and paint), and even ink are sometimes used as well. The preference for sculpted or hair manes and tails goes in and out of vogue and can vary by region as well. Mohair is generally used, though some artists use glue-coated embroidery thread to great effect creating something between a sculpted and haired appearance.
Many sculpting pastes have been used over the years with varying levels of success and durability. Wood putty and plumber's epoxy was most commonly used in the beginning, but now new epoxy-type products are available which have been designed for artistic use. Products such as Apoxie Sculpt and Gapoxio have longer drying times, a finer texture, and more flexibility than the earlier sculpting materials.
Customized models can range from simple repaints of an otherwise unaltered model to those which have been so thoroughly manipulated and re-sculpted as to make the original form totally unrecognizable. Many artists make their living from customizing models, with certain artists widely sought after.
Showing the model horse
Model horse showing has two ways in which to participate - photo showing (online or postal) and live showing. Photo showing is convenient for people who aren't able to travel or don't live near other collectors. Showholders publish a classlist and
invite people to enter for a nominal fee. The shower then takes photos of their horse, usually against a background. On the back of the photo, the horse's vitals are recorded along with the shower's address. A piece of tape is also placed on the back, on which the shower writes down the numbers of the classes in which the horse will be entered. Once the showholder receives all the entries, They are sorted by class numbers and begin judging. A showholder may place a horse based on quality of photo, accuracy of breed depiction, and condition. Usually championships and reserves are offered as well. Sometimes ribbons or small prizes are sent to the show entrants along with the returned photographs and show results. More recently, photo shows posted on the Internet have eliminated the cost of postage and long wait for returns.
Live showing is much different. Here again the showholder publishes a classlist and invites other showers to attend. The show is usually held in a large space such as a hotel or arena, and entrants travel in person to attend. Each shower usually gets a table to use as a "home base" in the show hall. The "rings" are tables with ring numbers, where showers place their horses as classes are called. Live shows classlists are usually divided between original finish and customized models, and some also have separate divisions for china figurines, artist resins, and very-rare original finish. Live shows frequently have multiple judges and judge several classes at once to accommodate the long classlists. As in photo showing, judges consider condition and breed correctness. Live shows may also include collectibility classes, or may judge breed classes simultaneously for collectibility as well, in which models are thereby evaluated on the basis of rarity and condition, verses breed correctness. Any profits from the shows are often donated to animal-related charities.
If a shower belongs to a club, they may record points earned from their horses' placings for year-end awards. There are many clubs that hold periodic—often monthly—photo or online shows that allow members the opportunity to earn points for their horses that may be applied to end-of-the-year and cumulative awards.
NAN cards are also sought after. These pink and green cards allow a particular horse to enter the North American Nationals (NAN), a yearly show organized by the North American Model Horse Show Association (NAMHSA). The show and the qualification cards carry a lot of prestige in the hobby world - a model which is "NAN qualified" goes up in value. In the UK the Model Equine Championships (MECs) have a similar concept to NAN and have been running since 1998.
Postal showing was the original method of showing, where a horse's details were sent to a judge and places were awarded by rolling dice. Now postal showing is more usually the preserve of performance disciplines such as racing or dressage, and the model events often mirror real events. Places may be awarded by pairing a model with a real participant whose luck it shares, or in the case of racing, with reference to a sophisticated handicapping system.
Props and tack
Hobbyists also use props, tack and riders. It is important that props and tack are in scale to the model for added realism.
Props are anything which might enhance a scene, such as dogs, jumps, trees, trail elements, backgrounds and fences. Some classes such as jumping, roping, and trail require the use of props.
Dolls range from pre-packaged jointed dolls, to one-of-a-kind creations by skilled dollmakers. They currently are optional for performance showing in the United States, elsewhere, however, they are required.
Hobby tack covers the entire range of real horse tack, from numnahs to full saddle sets; from simple barn halters to extravagant multiple horse harness hitches; and from stable blankets to hand-stitched Arabian horse costumes. They are made out of a variety of materials such as leather hide, leather lace, satin and grosgrain ribbon, jewelry chain, and various fabrics. Hardware can be made by hand out of wire, or cast metal such as pewter and white bronze. Much research goes into making high-quality tack, with some tack makers accumulating reference libraries of online image folders and books. Tack can be made from scratch, or using kits. Knowledge of leather stamping, carving, dying, and sewing are all skills the model horse tackmaker uses in his or her craft.
Pedigreeing
In the pursuit of realism, many hobbyists also research and give their models pedigrees and names. Pedigree assignment—commonly abbreviated "PA"—is a way to learn about different breeds and creating progeny. Some pedigrees are researched from real horses or other models. Model horse breeders may offer their horse's parentage for a nominal fee and usually issue a certificate to the foal's owner. Some clubs keep records of real mares and their open years for members who want to make sure that the model they PA from living parents does not have the same dam and foaling year as a model belonging to another member. In keeping with the hobby's attempt to maintain realism, collectors assigning pedigrees to models usually try to use only years that a real mare did not have a foal, or, in the case of scarce breeds, a year that she had a foal that was gelded (and thus could not reproduce).
See also
Animal figurine
Fashion Star Fillies
My Little Pony
External links
North American Model Horse Showers Association
International Model Equine Hobbyists Association Largest and oldest online model horse photo showing club.
Stone Horse Reference Site A reference site for Peter Stone model horses.
Breyerhorses.com
http://www.identifyyourbreyer.com A reference site for Breyer models.
American Model Arabian Horse Association The longest-running model horse club for Arabians, focusing on the Arabian horse.
Model horses
Collecting
Toy animals |
4004037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20swamp%20snake | Black swamp snake | The black swamp snake (Liodytes pygaea) is a species of snake in the subfamily Natricinae of the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to the southeastern United States. There are three subspecies, including the nominotypical subspecies.
Common names
Additional common names for L. pygaea include black swampsnake, mud snake, red-bellied mud snake, and swamp snake.
Subspecies
The following three subspecies are recognized as being valid.
South Florida swamp snake, Liodytes pygaea cyclas
Carolina swamp snake, Liodytes pygaea paludis
North Florida swamp snake, Liodytes pygaea pygaea
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Liodytes.
Geographic range
L. pygaea is found in the states of North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Alabama, and Florida on the east coast of the United States.
Habitat
L. pygaea prefers swampland habitat that is heavily vegetated.
Description
The black swamp snake is a small, thin snake, usually long (including tail); the record size is . It is uniformly black on the dorsum, with a bright orange or red belly.
Behavior
The black swamp snake is almost entirely aquatic. It spends most of its time hiding among dense vegetation in tannic cypress swamps.
Diet
L. pygaea feeds on small fish, tadpoles, frogs, salamanders, sirens, amphiumas, and invertebrates, such as leeches and earthworms.
Reproduction
The black swamp snake is ovoviviparous, giving birth to live young directly in shallow water. Unlike many snakes, females feed actively while gravid, suggesting that they may pass nutrients directly on to the young. Broods of 11 to 13 have been observed. Newborns are 11–14 cm (4¼-5⅜ in) long (including tail).
References
External links
Florida Museum of Natural History: Online Guide to the Snakes of Florida.
"Black Snakes": Identification and Ecology - University of Florida fact sheet.
Further reading
Behler JL, King FW (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp., 657 color plates. . (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 652–653 + Plates 487, 494).
Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Tropidonotus pygæus, new combination, p. 228).
Conant R, Bridges W (1939). What Snake Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + viii + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 32. (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 107–108 + Plate 20, figure 59).
Cope ED (1871). "Ninth Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America". Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 23: 200–224. (Contia pygæa, new species, pp. 223–224).
Dowling, Herndon G. (1950). "Studies of the black swamp snake, Seminatrix pygaea (Cope), with descriptions of two new subspecies". Miscellaneous Publications, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan (76): 1-38. (Seminatrix pygaea cyclas, new subspecies, pp. 14–17; S. p. paludis, new subspecies, pp. 12–14).
McVay, John David; Carstens, Bryan (2013). "Testing monophyly without well-supported gene trees: Evidence from multi-locus nuclear data conflicts with existing taxonomy in the snake tribe Thamnophiini". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 68 (3): 425–431. (Liodytes pygaea, new combination).
Powell R, Conant R, Collins JT (2016). Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. xiv + 494 pp., 47 plates, 207 figures. . (Liodytes pygaea, pp. 413–414 + Plate 42).
Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. (paperback), (hardcover). (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 158–159).
Stejneger L, Barbour T (1917). A Check List of North American Amphibians and Reptiles. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press. 125 pp. (Seminatrix pygaea, p. 97).
Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a Division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 662–669, Figures 194–195, Map 50).
Zim HS, Smith HM (1956). Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide. Revised Edition. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (Seminatrix pygaea, pp. 79–80, 156).
Liodytes
Reptiles of the United States
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope |
4004044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De%20Jussieu%20system | De Jussieu system | An early system of plant taxonomy developed by Antoine Laurent de Jussieu (1748 – 1836), the de Jussieu System (1789), is of great importance as a starting point of botanical nomenclature at the rank of family, together with Michel Adanson's Familles naturelles des plantes (1763). While Adanson introduced the concept of families, Jussieu arranged them hierarchically into Divisions, Classes and Orders (equivalent to families), in his seminal Genera plantarum.
After the publication of Genera plantarum Jussieu published many memoirs further developing the description and circumscription of families. His final sysyem was published posthumously in 1837, a year after his death.
Organization
Index: Structured p. lxiii, Alphabetical p. 454
Overview: Page lxii - Classes and orders
The main groups recognized are:
I. Acotyledones II. Monocotyledones III. DicotyledonesFurther subdivided by the position of the stamens and calyx in reference to the ovary
Hypogyna (Ovary above attachment of floral parts, ie below ovary)
Perigyna (Ovary surrounded by attachment of floral parts, surrounding it)
Epigyna (0vary below attachment of floral parts, ie above ovary)
Acotyledones I. Acotyledones (page 1)
Classes: 1, with as families: Fungi, Algae, Hepaticae, Musci, Filices, Najades
Monocotyledones II. Monocotyledones (page 21)
Classes: 2-4
2: Stamina hypogyna (page 23)
4 Orders
4. Ordo I Aroideae (pages 23–25)
...
7. Ordo IV Gramineae (pages 28–35)
3: Stamina perigyna (page 35)
8 Orders
11. Ordo I Palmae (page 37-40)
12. Ordo II Asparagi (pages 40-43)
13. Ordo III Junci (pages 43 - 48)
14. Ordo IV Lilia (pages 48-9)
15. Ordo V Bromeliae (pages 49-51)
16. Ordo VI Asphodeli (pages 51-53)
17. Ordo VII Narcissi (pages 54-56)
18. Ordo VIII Irides (pages 57-60)
4: Stamina epigyna (page 60)
3 Orders
19. Ordo I Musae (pages 61-62)
21. Ordo III Hydrocharides (pages 67-69)
Dicotyledones III. Dicotyledones (page 70)A. Monoclinaea) Apetalae (Absent petals)
Classes: 5-7
5: Stamina epigyna (page 72)
6: Stamina perigyna (page 72)
7: Stamina hypogyna (page 86)
b) Monopetalae (Fused petals)
Classes: 8-11
8: Corolla hypogyna (page 93) 15 orders
1. Lysimachiae
...
15. Sapotae
9: Corolla perigyna (page 153)
10: Corolla epigyna: antheris connatis (page 166)
11: Corolla epigyna: antheris distinctis (page 193)
c) Polypetalae (Free and separate petals)
Classes: 12-14
12: Stamina epigyna (page 216)
13: Stamina hypogyna (page 228)
22 Orders
...
11. Ordo XX Cisti (page 294)
...
14: Stamina perigyna (page 305) 13 ordersB. Diclinae' (page 383)
Classes: 15
References
Bibliography
system, de Jussieu |
4004054 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Linden%20%28author%29 | Eugene Linden (author) | Eugene Linden (b. ca. 1947) is an American author of several non-fiction books on science, technology, the environment, and humanity's relationship with Nature. He was educated at Yale University. He lives in Nyack, New York.
Besides his books, Linden has published articles and essays in Time, Foreign Affairs, The Wall Street Journal et al. He published a cover story on the demoralization of American forces in Vietnam in Saturday Review, December 1971.
Linden was a senior writer at Inc. in 1984, and a senior writer at Time in 1987-1995, followed by a contributor in 1995-2001.
Linden serves on several nonprofit boards and advisory committees, and is an independent director of three companies. He has appeared on television, including The Daily Show and Comedy Central, and on radio, including National Public Radio (NPR).
Linden is currently Chief Investment Strategist at Bennett Management in Stamford, Connecticut, a family of investment funds specializing in distress and bankruptcies.
Honors and awards
Linden has been awarded a Citation for Excellence by the Overseas Press Club for his story "The Rape of Siberia", the Harry Chapin Media Awards for Best Periodical (1994), and Global Media Award for Best Periodical by the Population Institute (1994), both for his story "Megacities". He also received two Genesis Awards for writing on the subject of animals for his articles "Can Animals Think?" (1995) and "Doomed". He received a Yale University Poynter Fellowship in 2001, the Walter Sullivan Award for Excellence in Science Journalism from the American Geophysical Union, and the Grantham Prize Special Award of Merit in 2007.
Works
Apes, Men, and Language, Saturday Review Press (New York, NY), 1975, revised edition, Penguin (New York, NY), 1981.
The Alms Race: The Impact of American Voluntary Aid Abroad, Random (New York, NY), 1976.
Affluence and Discontent: The Anatomy of Consumer Societies, Viking (New York, NY), 1979.
The Anatomy of Consumer Societies, Viking/Seaver Books (New York, NY), November 1979.
The Education of Koko (with Francine Patterson), photographs by Ronald H. Cohn, Holt (New York, NY), 1982.
Silent Partners: The Legacy of the Ape Language Experiments, Times Books (New York, NY), 1986.
An Wang, Lessons (autobiography) (co-author), Addison-Wesley (Reading, MA), 1986.
The Future in Plain Sight: Nine Clues to the Coming Instability, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 1998, updated edition with a new afterword by author, Plume (New York, NY), 2002.
The Parrot's Lament, and Other True Tales of Animal Intrigue, Intelligence, and Ingenuity, Dutton (New York, NY), 1999.
Closing the Great Divide: Development and the Eradication of Poverty (with Henry Owen and Carol Graham), Council on Foreign Relations Press (Washington, DC), 2001.
The Octopus and the Orangutan: More True Tales of Animal Intrigue, Intelligence, and Ingenuity, Dutton (New York, NY), 2002.
The Mind of Wall Street: A Legendary Financier on the Perils of Greed and the Mysteries of the Market (with Leon Levy), foreword by Alan Abelson, Public Affairs (New York, NY), 2002.
The Winds of Change: Climate, Weather, and the Destruction of Civilizations, Simon & Schuster (New York, NY), 2006.
The Ragged Edge of the World: Encounters at the Frontier Where Modernity, Wildlands, and Indigenous Peoples Meet (2011)
Deep Past: A Novel, RosettaBooks (New York, NY), 2019
References
External links
http://www.eugenelinden.com
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Yale University alumni
American non-fiction writers |
4004055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gardens%20of%20Sallust | Gardens of Sallust | The Gardens of Sallust () was an ancient Roman estate including a landscaped pleasure garden developed by the historian Sallust in the 1st century BC. It occupied a large area in the northeastern sector of Rome, in what would become Region VI, between the Pincian and Quirinal hills, near the Via Salaria and later Porta Salaria. The modern rione is now known as Sallustiano.
History
The horti in ancient Rome
Lucullus started the fashion of building luxurious garden-palaces in the 1st century BC with the construction of his gardens (horti) on the Pincian Hill. The horti were a place of pleasure, almost a small palace, and offered the rich owner and his court the possibility of living in isolation, away from the hectic life of the city but close to it. The most important part of the horti was undoubtedly the planting, very often as topiary in geometric or animal shapes. Among the greenery there were often pavilions, arcades for walking away from the sun, fountains, spas, temples and statues, often replicas of Greek originals.
In the 3rd century AD the total number of horti occupied about a tenth of Rome and formed a green belt around the centre.
The Horti Sallustiani
The property originally belonged to Julius Caesar as the Horti Caesaris, but after his death it was acquired by the historian Sallust, one of his closest friends, who developed it using his wealth acquired as governor of the province of Africa Nova (newly conquered Numidia). In 36 BC on the death of the historian, the residence passed to his adopted great-grandson of the same name, and eventually to Claudius as Imperial property but was maintained for several centuries by the Roman Emperors as a public amenity. The gardens were enriched with many additional structures and monumental sculptures in the four centuries during which they evolved. Many emperors chose it as a temporary residence, as an alternative to the official seat on the Palatine Hill.
Pliny writes that the remains of the guardians of the horti, Posio and Secundilla, were found there in the reign of Augustus and measured 10 feet 3 inches tall.
The Emperor Nerva died of a fever in the villa of the horti in 98, and the emperors Hadrian and Aurelian had major works done there. The latter in particular had a porticus miliarensis built, probably a complex of portico, garden and riding stables, where he went to ride. Other restorations were carried out in the third century.
It remained an imperial resort until it was sacked in 410 by the Goths under Alaric, who entered the city at the gates of the Horti Sallustiani. The complex was severely damaged and never rebuilt. However, the gardens were not finally deserted until the 6th century.
Discoveries
During the planting of 16th century vineyards and especially in the early 17th century when Cardinal Ludovico Ludovisi, nephew of Pope Gregory XV, purchased the site and constructed the Villa Ludovisi, many important sculptures were discovered.
In the late 19th century the building fever of the construction of Rome as the capital included the destruction of modern villas that populated the Quirinale. It was a lost opportunity to study the archaeology of the site. The ancient topography was irrevocably altered with the filling of the valley between the Pincio and Quirinal hills where these horti existed.
Nevertheless excavations led to the partial discovery of a nymphaeum probably dating from Hadrian's renovation of the horti. Its walls were encrusted with enamels, pumice and shells, which framed small landscapes and scenes with animals and flowers painted in bright colours. The sculptural decoration included a round altar with four Seasons and the beautiful group of Artemis and Iphigenia with a doe, now in Copenhagen.
Also part of the later complex was the temple of Venus Erycina which stood at the bottom of the valley, a Republican building located just outside the Porta Collina and incorporated in the horti under Caesar. This small temple was reminiscent of a Hellenistic tholos, a very common type in the late Republican age and a typical element of large suburban villas. The connection to Venus, goddess of love, fertility and nature, and therefore protector of horti suited a large villa such as the Sallustian.
The horti also housed a hippodrome (circus).
Remains
A remarkably well preserved pavilion of the villa can be seen at the centre of present-day Piazza Sallustio. It was one of the main nuclei and located in a spectacular location at the bottom of the valley dividing the Quirinale from the Pincio, supported by thick walls with arches and buttresses resting on the Servian Walls where the Via Sallustiana runs today. It was probably a summer triclinium like the Canopus of Hadrian's Villa.
The remains have been excavated to 14 m below the modern level, resting against the hill behind and connected to other remains of poorly preserved buildings. The main part of the building was a large circular hall (11 m in diameter by 13 in height), covered by a dome with alternating concave and flat segments (a very rare form, found only in the Serapeum of Hadrian's Villa. The walls host three niches on each side, two of which were open as passages for side rooms. A few years after construction, the remaining niches were closed and covered with marble panels, which also covered the walls. The floor was also marble, while the dome and the upper part of the walls were decorated with stucco. Among other things, a grandiose basilica room was framed by two side buildings on two floors, while the upper part of the building had a large panoramic terrace, linked to a gallery.
To the south there is a semi-circular covered room divided into three areas with partitions, two of which still retain ancient mosaics in black and white and the remains of wall paintings probably from a later time; the third room towards the south is occupied by a flight of stairs to the two upper floors, while the north one was interspersed with an room used as a latrine.
The brick stamps of this building confirm a date of 126. The dating is significant because it shows the developments of imperial private architecture after the Domus Augustana, and the evolution from the Domus Aurea model over nearly 50 years.
Among the other remains in the complex is a cryptoporticus with wall paintings, now in the garage of the American Embassy on the side on via Friuli, and a wall with niches along via Lucullo. A large Hadrianic cistern also survives under Collegio Germanico at the corner of Via San Nicola da Tolentino and Via Bissolati consisting of two levels: the first, 1.8 m high, acts as a substructure to the second (overall 39 x 3.3 m).
Art
Testimony of the importance and wealth of the Horti Sallustiani are the great works of art found, many of them ancient Greek originals, even though numerous robberies took place over the centuries.
The sculpture found in the 16th and 17th centuries included:
the colossal acrolith of a large female head called Acrolito Ludovisi, a divinity of Magna Graecia
the group of Gauls including the Dying Gaul, Ludovisi Gaul and the Kneeling Gaul
Orestes and Electra signed by Menelaos, 1st c. BC
great herms depicting Heracles, Dionysus, Athena, Theseus, Hermes, a discus thrower
the Borghese Hermaphrodite.
Almost all the works found in the late 19th century were sold to the great collectors of Europe and America, first of all Jacobsen, founder of the Glyptothek of Copenhagen, with the mediation of antique and art dealers who worked for illicit export, violating the Pacca edict on the protection of the works found. Later work of identifying numerous works preserved in Italian and foreign museums has made it possible to trace them back to the Horti Sallustiani.
The works found later included:
the Obelisco Sallustiano, a Roman copy of an Egyptian obelisk which now stands in front of the Trinità dei Monti church above the Piazza di Spagna at the top of the Spanish Steps
the Borghese Vase discovered there in the 16th century.
the Ludovisi Throne found in 1887, and the Boston Throne, found in 1894 between via Sicilia and the intersection with via Abruzzi
the Crouching Amazon found in 1888 near the via Boncompagni, about 25 m from the via Quintino Sella (Museo Conservatori).
two refined colossi of Pharaoh Ptolemy II and Queen Arsinoe II, now in the Egyptian Gregorian Museum
the dying Niobid
Artemis and Iphigenia from the nymphaeum.
The Niobid, an original of the 5th century BC, is believed be one of the numerous works brought to Rome from Greece by Augustus as spoils of war and which played a large part in the evolution of the taste and style of Roman art. It is similar to the figures of the pediment of the temple of Apollo Daphnephoros in Eretria and perhaps is also linked to the dying Niobid and the running Niobid of the Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek in Copenhagen. The Niobid should have decorated the pediment of a Greek temple but was found hidden to save it from the barbarian raids that devastated the area in the 5th century AD.
The Nike Ludovisi and the famous Ludovisi Throne, both Greek originals brought to Rome, may have been placed in the Temple of Venus Erycina which was later incorporated into the horti. The throne came from the sanctuary of Aphrodite (Venus) at Locri; in 1982 it was shown to fit exactly into remaining blocks in the temple's foundations. Some verses of Ovid suggest the transfer of the cult statue from Magna Graecia to Rome.
See also
Roman gardens
Notes
References
Samuel Ball Platner and Thomas Ashby, 1929. A Topographical Dictionary of Ancient Rome, (Oxford University Press): Horti Sallustiani
Kim J. Hartswick, 2004. The Gardens of Sallust: A Changing Landscape (University of Texas Press) Reviewed by Eric M. Moormann, Bryn Mawr Classical Review, 20 The first monograph on the subject, covering topography and history, architecture and sculpture.
The Gardens of Sallust from Platner/Ashby's Topographical Dictionary
Filippo Coarelli: Rome and Environs. An Archaeological Guide. University of California Press, 2007. pp. 242–244
External links
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC
Sallust
Sallust
Rome R. XVII Sallustiano |
4004061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandyford%2C%20Newcastle%20upon%20Tyne | Sandyford, Newcastle upon Tyne | Sandyford is a small district in central Newcastle upon Tyne. It represents the north-eastern border of central Newcastle, with the suburbs of Jesmond to the north and Heaton to the east.
Population
Similarly to neighbouring Jesmond, Sandyford is home to a large number of students because of its close proximity to Newcastle University and Northumbria University.
Architecture
Sandyford's housing stock is mostly red brick Victorian terraced housing, and many of these are Tyneside flats. Towards the south-east, the residential streets run steeply downwards to Jesmond Dene.
In the south of Sandyford, there are some light industrial business buildings, including offices and small warehouses.
Transport
Sandyford is serviced by the Tyne and Wear Metro, with the nearest station being Jesmond Metro station.
References
Districts of Newcastle upon Tyne |
4004079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steven%20Karidoyanes | Steven Karidoyanes | Steven Karidoyanes (born November 5, 1957, Boston, Massachusetts to Michael and Tula Karidoyanes) is an American composer, broadcaster and conductor with the Plymouth Philharmonic Orchestra.
The Boston native of Greek descent brings a wealth of musical experiences to the podium. He holds a Bachelor of Music Degree from Boston University and received training in orchestral conducting at the Canford School of Music in Dorset, England, where he studied with the renowned British conducting coach, George Hurst.
He lives in Boston with his wife Amy and their two young sons, Michael and Nicholas.
Career
A member of ASCAP, Karidoyanes is the conductor of the Plymouth Philharmonic Orchestra, a professional orchestra on Boston's historic South Shore, since 1994.
In 2000 he composed Café Neon: Fantasy on Greek Songs and Dances that was performed by the Pittsburgh Symphony Orchestra. Of the piece, which he dedicated to his parents, Karidoyanes writes:
"Café Neon owes its form and existence to the 20th century Hungarian composer, Zoltán Kodály. When I first conducted Kodály's Galánta Dances I was immediately taken by the music's passion and color and wished there was a Greek equivalent which would gratify my Hellenic heritage. Café Neon now fills that personal void."
The original title for this piece was Tavérna, the Greek word for tavern, but it was not inspiring enough for Karidoyanes and the title was changed to Café Neon, an Americanized version of the Greek word Kafeníon, coffee bar.
Since its premiere in November 2000, Café Neon has had dozen of performances by orchestras in Massachusetts, Michigan, Wisconsin, California, Indiana, Italy and Greece. A classical music announcer/producer, Mr. Karidoyanes is a frequent fill-in host for Boston's WGBH Radio, and has worked for NPR (National Public Radio) affiliates in North Carolina and Indiana.
On September 20, 2003, Karidoyanes conducted an All-Mozart program with the Prague Symphony Chamber Orchestra in the Czech Republic's Smetana Hall. On March 13, 2004 he conducted the Massachusetts All-State Senior High School Festival Orchestra in Boston's Symphony Hall. Past guest conductor engagements include the Syracuse Symphony, the Rochester Philharmonic and orchestras throughout the New England and Washington, D.C. regions.
His performances have been called "excellent" (The Boston Globe) and "beautifully controlled" (The Washington Post). He has held the posts of Music Director of the Boston College Symphony Orchestra, Associate Conductor of the Winston-Salem Symphony and Greensboro Symphony orchestras in North Carolina, and Assistant Conductor of the Rhode Island Philharmonic.
External links
Official Site
Concert Artist Bio Info
Café Neon Information
1957 births
Living people
American male conductors (music)
Classical music radio presenters
Boston University College of Fine Arts alumni
American people of Greek descent
Musicians from Boston
Classical musicians from Massachusetts
21st-century American conductors (music)
21st-century American male musicians |
4004081 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veleia | Veleia | Veleia was the name of two Roman towns:
Veleia (Italy)
Iruña-Veleia, Basque Country, Spain |
4004084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durant%20High%20School%20%28Florida%29 | Durant High School (Florida) | Durant High School is a public high school in Plant City, Florida. The school is named for the community in which it is located and opened in 1995. The school's first Principal, Ron Frost died of cancer in 1997. The Durant High School Football stadium is named in his honor. Principals have included Ron Frost (1995-1997), Sherry Sikes (1997-1999), Joe Perez (1999–2004), Pamela Bowden (2004–2019) and Gary Graham (2019-present).
The school mascot is the cougar and the school newspaper is The PawPrint, which is part of the High School National Ad Network.
Graduation Rate
In 2012 Durant's graduation rate was 86% as compared to a statewide rate of 74.5% and a Hillsborough County rate of 72.6% npr
State of Florida School Grades
2016 C
2012 A
2011 B
2010 B
2009 B
2008 B npr
Notable alumni
Brooke Bennett – Olympic gold medalist
Lisa Casalino - American jazz singer and songwriter
Tyler Danish - Major League Baseball pitcher
Adrienne Gang - Below Deck Bravo TV personality
Ryan Raburn – Former MLB outfielder
Ean Randolph - American and Canadian football wide receiver.
Jaclyn Raulerson - Miss Florida 2010
Jeremy Rosado - American singer
Alicia Tirelli - American-born Puerto Rican retired footballer
Trae Williams – pro football player
References
External links
Durant High School
Durant Drama & Theatre Department
Durant Band & Orchestra
Durant High School Alumni
1995 establishments in Florida
Educational institutions established in 1995
High schools in Hillsborough County, Florida
Public high schools in Florida
Plant City, Florida |
4004086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Wynn | Peter Wynn | Peter Wynn (born 23 December 1957 in Maitland, New South Wales) is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played in the 1970s, 1980s and 1990s. He played for the Parramatta Eels in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition.
Playing career
He is the older brother of fellow rugby league player Graeme Wynn. His position of choice was in the second row. However, lack of players of sufficient quality at Parramatta often forced Wynn to play in the front row although this was less suited to his very tall, lanky build.
Originally beginning his career at Thirroul in the Illawarra competition before being signed to Parramatta in 1979. Wynn tasted his first representative success that same year making his debut for the New South Wales side. He was denied the Dally M Rookie of the Year award only by his younger brother.
After such a start to his first grade career the early eighties were to become forgettable ones for Wynn whom suffered several serious injuries that restricted him to just fourteen games (out of a total of 83 played by the club) in Parramatta's three premiership years 1981-82-83. Despite his injury problems Wynn tasted premiership success with the Parramatta club on three occasions in 1982, 1983 and 1986.
In 1985, Wynn was Man of the match in State of Origin game I at Lang Park and his form throughout that series was so impressive that he was chosen to tour New Zealand and played in all three Tests. However, fitness problems prevented him from going on the 1986 Kangaroo tour, and even when fully fit and in form during 1987, Wynn was not able to break back into the representative scene. His last three seasons were severely affected by injury, with a broken ankle sidelining him after six games in 1988 and major injuries keeping him off the field in 1990 until late in the season, when he was used on the reserves bench.
After his retirement from rugby league Wynn still remained somewhat involved in the game serving as a member of the rugby league judiciary during the 1990s, and then he later opened a chain of sporting stores under the name of Peter Wynn's Score.
In 2002, Wynn was inducted into Parramatta's hall of fame.
Matches played and points scored
References
External links
http://www.peterwynnscore.com.au – Wynns' score shop
Peter Wynn at stateoforigin.com.au
1957 births
Living people
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league players
New South Wales Rugby League State of Origin players
Parramatta Eels players
Rugby league players from Maitland, New South Wales
Rugby league second-rows |
4004087 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LaFontaine-Baldwin%20Symposium | LaFontaine-Baldwin Symposium | The LaFontaine-Baldwin Symposium is a Canadian forum created through the joint effort of John Ralston Saul and the Dominion Institute. Founded in 2000, the Symposium's purpose is to stimulate debate about the historical antecedents and future shape of the Canadian democracy. Canada's existence and democratic foundation owes a great deal to the partnership of two 19th century political visionaries, Louis-Hippolyte LaFontaine and Robert Baldwin, the first democratically elected Joint Premiers of the Province of Canada. The Symposium's annual venue honours these two great political reformers.
According to Jocelyn Létourneau, a history professor at Université Laval in Quebec City and senior researcher at the Centre for Interdisciplinary Studies of Francophone Literature, Arts and Traditions in North America, "the myths we (Canadians) used in building our nation have made us victims of our past. And, it's not easy to break the cycle."
An annual lecture at the Symposium is broadcast on CBC Radio One's Ideas.
Past speakers
John Ralston Saul (2000)
Alain Dubuc (2001)
Georges Erasmus (2002)
Beverley McLachlin (2003)
David Malouf (2004)
Louise Arbour (2005)
George Elliott Clarke (2006)
Adrienne Clarkson (2007)
Sheila Watt-Cloutier (2009)
His Highness the Aga Khan (2010)
Naomi Klein (2016)
Michael Sandel (2017)
Sue Gardner (2018)
Adam Gopnik (2019)
External links
LaFontaine-Baldwin Symposium
The Dominion Institute
Political and economic think tanks based in Canada
Political history of Canada
Lecture series |
4004089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CFSL | CFSL | CFSL is a Canadian radio station licensed to Weyburn, Saskatchewan. Owned by Golden West Broadcasting, it broadcasts a country format on the assigned frequency of 1190 kHz, and serves the southeast portion of the province. The station shares studios with CKRC-FM and CHWY-FM at 305 Souris Avenue in downtown Weyburn.
History
CFSL signed on in 1957 under the ownership of Soo Line Broadcasting Ltd., serving both Weyburn and Estevan (until the launch of its sister station CJSL in Estevan in 1961). Starting on 1340 kHz, it moved to its current frequency at 1190 kHz around 1991.
Soo Line Broadcasting, and both CJSL and CFSL would be acquired by Golden West Broadcasting in 1995. In 2006, CFSL would gain a sister FM station, CKRC-FM.
Programming
CFSL currently broadcasts a full service country format. CFSL also carries Toronto Blue Jays baseball games.
References
External links
Fsl
Fsl
Fsl
Weyburn
Radio stations established in 1957
1957 establishments in Saskatchewan |
4004103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saepta%20Julia | Saepta Julia | The Saepta Julia was a building in the Campus Martius of Rome, where citizens gathered to cast votes. The building was conceived by Julius Caesar and dedicated by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in 26 BCE. The building replaced an older structure, called the Ovile, built as a place for the comitia tributa to gather to cast votes. The Saepta Julia can be seen on the Forma Urbis Romae, a map of the city of Rome as it existed in the early 3rd century CE. Part of the original wall of the Saepta Julia can still be seen right next to the Pantheon.
History
The conception of the Saepta Julia, which also goes by Saepta or Porticus Saeptorum, began during the reign of Julius Caesar. It took the form of a quadriporticus, an architectural feature made popular by Caesar.
After Caesar's assassination in 44 BCE, work continued on projects that Caesar had set into motion. Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, who had supported Caesar before his death, and subsequently aligned with his successor Octavian, took on the continuation of the Saepta Julia building project. The building was finally completed and dedicated by Marcus Vipsanius Agrippa in 26 BCE. Agrippa also decorated the building with marble tablets and Greek paintings.
The Great Fire of Rome led to its destruction in 80 CE, and was rebuilt sometime before the reign of Domitian. Restoration also took place under Hadrian, as is evidenced by brick-work and literary sources. The building is also attested on a post-Constantine bronze collar of a slave, but there is no known mention of the building in the Middle Ages.
The Saepta Julia can be seen on the Forma Urbis Romae, a map of the city of Rome as it existed in the early 3rd century CE. Part of the original wall of the Saepta Julia can still be seen right next to the Pantheon
Plan
Due to the limited archaeological remains, the majority of archaeological reconstructions are derived from the Forma Urbis Romae and corresponding literary sources. Located on the Campus Martius, between the Baths of Agrippa and the Serapeum, the Saepta Julia was a rectangular porticus complex, which extended along the west side of the Via Lata to the Via di S. Marco. It was 310 meters long by 120 meters wide and was built of travertine marble. Two porticoes lay on the east and west of the complex. The north end was a lobby, and the south side connected to the Diribitorium through an uncolonnaded, broad corridor. The only entrances that have been discerned are minor entrances on the south end of the complex.
Archaeological excavations underneath the Palazzo Doria uncovered multiple travertine piers. While the majority of the piers measured 1.7 meters square, other piers showed a variety of dimensions. This has led some scholars to speculate on the existence of a second floor.
The Saepta was supplied with water by Aqua Virgo, which supplied the majority of buildings on the Campus Martius.
Porticus Argonautarum
The Porticus Argonautarum lined the western side of the Saepta Julia. It was completed by Agrippa ca. 25 BCE, and received its name from the artwork it depicted, which showed Jason and the Argonauts. A portion of the western wall survives, and is located beside the Pantheon, and suggests that it was made of brick-faced concrete, and covered in marble. Reconstructed by Domitian after the fire of 80 CE, this portico was also part of Hadrian's reconstruction of the entire Saepta Julia.
Porticus Meleagri
The Porticus Meleagri lined the eastern side of the Saepta Julia. Little remains of the Porticus Meleagri, and location and reconstruction rely primarily on the Forma Urbis Romae. Although not mentioned, it was most likely constructed during the final decades of the first century BCE, along with the dedication of the Saepta.
Use
The concept of the Saepta was initially planned by Caesar in place of the earlier Ovile, and was projected as early as 54 BCE, and finished by Agrippa in 26 BCE. In a letter to Atticus, Cicero writes that the building was to be made of marble, with a lofty portico and a roof.
The building was initially intended to be used as a voting place for both the comitia centuriata and the comitia tributa. However, with the diminishing importance of the voting comitias from the Augustan period onward, the building began to be repurposed. Gladiatorial combats were exhibited during the period of Augustus, and the building was also used by the senate as a meeting point.
When Tiberius returned from Germany, after his military procession, he was presented in this building by Augustus. Both Augustus and Caligula used this building for naumachiae. It was used for gymnastics competitions and exhibitions during the reign of Nero. Statius and Martial report that it was used intermittently as a public space for Roman citizens, as well as a market for luxury goods.
See also
Porticus Argonautarum
Diribitorium
References
Ancient Roman buildings and structures in Rome
Roman archaeology
Augustan building projects
Buildings and structures completed in the 1st century BC |
4004112 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Reich%20%28engineer%29 | Herbert Reich (engineer) | Herbert Reich (October 25, 1900, Staten Island – 2000, Massachusetts) was a pioneering figure in electrical engineering. Reich made substantial contributions towards the design of early oscilloscopes as a graduate student at Cornell University. Reich later taught as a Professor of Electrical Engineering at University of Illinois (1929–44) and Yale University (1946–69). From 1944 to 1946 he worked at the Radio Research Laboratory at Harvard University with Frederick Terman. After his retirement from Yale, he periodically taught courses at Deep Springs College.
Reich had been a member of the inaugural class at Deep Springs, and he later continued his higher education at Cornell, where he completed a degree in mechanical engineering (1924) and a Ph.D. in physics (1928).
References
20th-century American educators
20th-century American engineers
Deep Springs College alumni
Deep Springs College faculty
Cornell University College of Engineering alumni
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Yale University faculty
Harvard University staff
1900 births
2000 deaths |
4004113 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ojc%C3%B3w%20National%20Park | Ojców National Park | Ojców National Park () is a national park in Kraków County, Lesser Poland Voivodeship in southern Poland, established in 1956. It takes its name from the village of Ojców, where it also has its headquarters. Chopin visited Ojców in 1829.
It is Poland's smallest national park, with an original area of , since expanded to . Of this area, is forested and is strictly protected. The park is approximately north of Kraków, in the Jurassic Kraków-Częstochowa Upland.
Geography
Karst topography of soluble bedrock characterizes the park, which in addition to two river (the Prądnik and Saspówka) valleys contains numerous limestone cliffs, ravines, and over 400 caves. The largest of these, Łokietek's Cave (said to have sheltered King Władysław I Łokietek, for whom it was named), is deep. The area is also noted for its rock formations, the most famous being Hercules' Club, a -high limestone column.
Ojcowski Park is very biodiverse; over 5500 species reside in the park. These include 4600 species of insects (including 1700 of beetles and 1075 of butterflies) and 135 of birds. Mammals include the beaver, badger, ermine, and 15 species of bats, many of which hibernate in the park's caves during the winter.
Waters
The water network in its present shape developed in the end of the Tertiary period as a result of deep erosion of streams. The main watercourse is the Pradnik. Its tributary in the Park is the Saspowka. The streams are supplied with water from about 20 springs in karst cracks, called "wywierzyska" (rising springs).
Human habitation and culture
The earliest settlement in the area dates to the Paleolithic, approximately 120,000 years ago. The Ojców region is rich in flint, which attracted early humans.
The park contains numerous castles, including a ruined Gothic castle at Ojców and a better-preserved Renaissance castle at Pieskowa Skała, both on the tourist Trail of the Eagles' Nests. There are two museums in the park, the Professor Władyslaw Szafer Museum (named for the first person to advocate the creation of a national park in the Ojców area), and a branch of the Kraków-based National Art Collection, located in the Pieskowa Skała castle.
See also
National Parks of Poland
Białowieża National Park
Gallery
References
The Board of Polish National Parks
Ojcowski National Park at Polish National Parks by Zbigniew Zwolińsky
Official website Internet Archive
Tourist Information of Ojcow National Park
National parks of Poland
Parks in Lesser Poland Voivodeship
Ojców
Protected areas established in 1956
1956 establishments in Poland |
4004114 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myzostomida | Myzostomida | The Myzostomida or Myzostomatida are an order of small marine worms, which are parasitic on echinoderms, mostly crinoids. These highly unusual and diverse annelids were first discovered by Friedrich Sigismund Leuckart in 1827.
Morphology
A typical myzostomid has a flattened, rounded shape, with a thin edge drawn out into delicate radiating hairs called cirri. The dorsal surface is smooth, with five pairs of parapodia on the bottom surface. These parapodia are armed with supporting and hooked setae, by means of which the worm adheres to its host. Beyond the parapodia are four pairs of organs, often called suckers. These organs are probably of sensory nature, and are comparable to the lateral sense organs of capitellids. The mouth and cloacal opening are generally at opposite ends of the bottom surface. The former leads to a protrusible pharynx, from which the esophagus opens into a wide intestinal chamber with branching lateral diverticula. There appears to be no vascular system. The nervous system consists of a circumoesophageal nerve, with scarcely differentiated brain, joining below a large ganglionic mass, no doubt representing many fused ganglia. The dorsoventral and the parapodial muscles are much developed, while the coelom is reduced mostly to branched spaces in which the genital products ripen.
Full-grown myzostomids are hermaphrodites. Their internal organs consist of a branched sac opening to the exterior or each side. The paired ovaries discharge their eggs into a median chamber with side branches, often called the uterus, from which the ripe ova (eggs) are discharged by a mediar dorsal pore into the end of the rectum.
Biology
Some species, such as Myzostoma cirriferum, move about on the host; others, such as Myzostoma glabrum, remain stationary with the pharynx inserted in the mouth of the crinoid. Myzostoma deformator gives rise to a gall on the arm of the host, one joint of the pinnule growing round the worm so as to enclose it in a cyst while Myzostoma pulvinar lives in the alimentary canal of a species of Antedon.
Fridtjof Nansen wrote in 1885 the thesis Bidrag til myzostomernes anatomi og histologi on the Myzostomida.
Classification
In the past Myzostomida have been regarded as close relatives of the trematode flatworms or of the tardigrades, but in 1998 it was suggested that they are a sub-group of polychaetes. However, another analysis in 2002 suggested that myzostomids are more closely related to flatworms or to rotifers and acanthocephales. They are now thought to be annelids, while their relationship to other annelids is unclear.
According to the World Register of Marine Species, these families and genera are accepted in this group:
Endomyzostomatidae
Mycomyzostoma
Myzostomida incertae sedis
Contramyzostoma
Cyclocirra
Mesomyzostoma
Protomyzostomum
Stelechopus
Myzostomidae Benham, 1896
Cystimyzostomum Jagersten, 1940
Endomyzostoma Perrier, 1897
Hypomyzostoma
Myzostoma Leuckart, 1829
Notopharyngoides
Protomyszostomum
References
Further reading
Bleidorn C. et al. 2009. On the phylogenetic position of Myzostomida: can 77 genes get it wrong? BMC Evolutionary Biology 2009, 9:150.
Polychaetes
Parasitic protostomes |
4004116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syd%20King | Syd King | Ernest Sydney "Syd" King (1873–1933) was a footballer and manager, and one of the most important figures in the early history of West Ham United.
Playing career
Born Chatham, Kent and educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys, he started his career as a full back with Northfleet and had been club captain. He once scored three own-goals when playing against Swindon Town.
He transferred to New Brompton in 1897 and spent two seasons there before joining Thames Ironworks in 1899. He was considered one of the best full backs in the Southern League and "The Irons" had to immediately turn down Derby County's offer for the player.
Syd' King recorded 16 appearances in their first season in the Southern League Division One, also making seven appearances in the FA Cup that year, an impressive run that ended in a 1–2 home defeat against arch-rivals Millwall Athletic.
In 1900 he was retained as a member of the squad after the club's transition to West Ham United, and continued to play for them until 1903, recording 59 league and 7 FA Cup appearances in total.
Managerial career
At the start of his last season as a player he had been appointed club secretary, although he was already considered to be a 'manager' of the club.
On the eve of the 1904–05 season a small postcard of the team photograph was issued and featured the following text from King on its reverse endorsing Oxo:
"When training, Oxo is the only beverage used by our team and all speak of the supreme strength and power of endurance which they have derived from its use." - E. S. King, Secretary, West Ham United F.C.
His tenure at West Ham included their election to the Football League in 1919, which coincided with a personal cheque from the board for £1,500 that paid tribute to his twenty years of service for the club. His basic wage was also raised to £10 a week.
February 1922 saw the controversial sale of West Ham legend Syd Puddefoot to Falkirk for a record £5,000. For negotiating the transfer, Syd King received a £300 bonus. By this time he was also on a £100 annual bonus.
The following season West Ham reached the FA Cup Final for the first time, losing to Bolton Wanderers but also assured their place in the top division finishing as Division Two runners up. An edition of local newspaper East Ham Echo proclaimed in 1923 that:
"Syd King is West Ham and West Ham is Syd King."
Following promotion Syd King instilled a period of consolidation for West Ham in the First Division, the highlight of which was the 1926–1927 season when West Ham finished in 6th place in Division One. This performance was not equalled by the Hammers until the 1958–1959 season during Ted Fenton's tenure. Part of the reason that this consistency was possible, was due to Syd King signing players that went on to become West Ham legends and record holders, as well as England internationals, including Jimmy Ruffell, Ted Hufton & Vic Watson.
Syd King was appointed a shareholder of West Ham United in 1931, but the team was relegated in the 1931–32 season back to Division Two. On 5 November 1932 West Ham lost their ninth game of the next season, against Bradford Park Avenue, and at the same day's board meeting, according to one board member, "during the discussion on the team, (King) was "drunk and insubordinate." It was no secret that King "liked a drink", but he had already been appeased by the board many times over the issue. On the following day they announced that:
"It was unanimously decided that until further notice C. Paynter be given sole control of players and that E. S. King be notified accordingly."
It was also postulated by the board, but never confirmed, that King had been syphoning off West Ham funds for himself. He was suspended for three months without pay and also banned from entering the Boleyn Ground. Following a board meeting on 3 January 1933 his contract was terminated permanently, and he was given an ex-gratia payment of £3 a week.
Death
Although comparatively rich for an ex-player working in football, King's reputation as well as his career were in tatters. Within a month of the sacking he committed suicide by drinking alcohol mixed with a corrosive liquid.
The inquest into his death declared that he had taken his life 'while of unsound mind', and had been suffering from persecution delusions. According to his son at the inquest, his depression had begun when the team were relegated in the summer of 1932, and that his paranoia had followed on from that.
Personal life
King was a freemason, initiated into the Merchant Navy Lodge No 781 in 1905. He, along with 25 others including Henry Norris, unsuccessfully petitioned for an association football lodge in 1920.
References
1873 births
1933 suicides
Sportspeople from Chatham, Kent
Footballers from Kent
English footballers
People educated at Watford Grammar School for Boys
Association football fullbacks
English football managers
Gillingham F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. managers
West Ham United F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. club secretaries
Thames Ironworks F.C. players
Southern Football League players
Southern Football League managers
Northfleet United F.C. players
Freemasons of the United Grand Lodge of England
English Football League managers
Alcohol-related deaths in England
Drug-related suicides in England |
4004117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tommy%20Wonder%20%28magician%29 | Tommy Wonder (magician) | Tommy Wonder (November 29, 1953 – June 26, 2006) was the stage name of Jacobus Maria Bemelman, a Dutch magician who performed both close-up and stage magic. Wonder performed in Las Vegas, Monte Carlo and on Fox television.
Wonder developed an interest in conjuring at an early age. He studied acting, dancing and singing for three years at the Academie voor Podiumvorming (Performance Academy) in The Hague and subsequently toured for two years with De Haagsche Comedie.
He took second prize at the FISM World Championships of Magic in 1979 and again in 1988. In 1998 he also received the Performer Fellowship Award from the Academy of Magical Arts in Hollywood. In 1999, he was awarded Best Sleight of Hand Performer from the World Magic Awards. Because Wonder designed and developed all of his own repertoire, he was held in high esteem amongst his colleagues in magic. On 5 August 2006 he posthumously received the Theory & Philosophy Award at the FISM World Championships of Magic in Stockholm.
Wonder's 1996 two-volume The Books of Wonder is highly acclaimed.
He died in 2006 after a brief battle with lung cancer.
Works
References and notes
External links
Official website
Dutch magicians
1953 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in the Netherlands |
4004118 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasdaq%20Market%20Makers%20Antitrust%20Litigation | Nasdaq Market Makers Antitrust Litigation | Nasdaq Market-Makers Antitrust Litigation - class-action lawsuit initiated in 1996 alleging collusion amongst Wall Street traders. The class action alleged that NASDAQ market-makers set and maintained wide spreads pursuant to an industry-wide conspiracy. Litigation took nearly four years and was eventually settled for $1.027 billion, which was the largest antitrust recovery up to that point.
See also
Electronic communication network
List of class action lawsuits
References
Class action lawsuits
Law articles needing an infobox |
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