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5398484 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammondbeat | Hammondbeat | Hammondbeat Records, (founded 2002) is an American record label dedicated to bands and fans of the organ sound. Hammondbeat finds its origins in 1997 as the fan website JTQgroove for the Hammond organ led Acid Jazz band (James Taylor Quartet). Over the first five years, JTQgroove grew as a fan collective that moved well beyond the constraints of one artist, and soon attracted many next-generation organ-centric bands, leading to a recording project with The Link Quartet (Piacenza, Italy). The Link Quartet were greatly influenced by the sound established by JTQ 15 years earlier. Beat.It was the project, and while JTQ influences can be heard, The Link Quartet found themselves leaders with 10 years or more professional experience from each founding member, and Paolo Negri on keys.
Unlike most labels, Hammondbeat doesn't involve a particular genre in the traditional sense, but rather embraces all genres of music which the organ sound has influenced. As such, Hammondbeat's range is ever-expanding. Hammondbeat considers all opportunities both artistic and overtly commercial to be fair game. Hammondbeat controls most of its catalog to be both entertainment and content for the marketing and synchronization world.
In addition to operating as record label, Hammondbeat is also an online community connecting fans to hundreds of organ bands and the indie labels that support them. It includes discographies, downloads, web radio, forum, and a mailing list.
Discography
Catalog Titles
2002 HBR-001 Beat.it CD (The Link Quartet)
2003 HBR-002 Wilson Chance: The Sound of Danger CD (Various Artists)
2004 HBR-003 Italian Playboys CD (The Link Quartet)
2006 HBR-004 Bulletproof Beat CD (The Special Agents)
2006 HBR-005 Wit CD (The Yards)
2006 HBR-006 Evolution: 1997-2001 CD (The Link Quartet)
2006 HBR-007 The Living Eye CD (The Men From S.P.E.C.T.R.E.)
2006 HBR-008 Don't Spoil The Soup! CD (Phat Fred)
2007 HBR-009 A Bigger Tomorrow CD (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2008 HBR-010 The Origin of Captain Hammond CD (Captain Hammond)
2008 HBR-011 Fat Lip CD (Fred Leslie's missing Link)
2010 HBR-012 The Great Anything CD (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2011 HBR-013 4 CD (The Link Quartet)
2011 HBR-014 COBOL CD (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2014 HBR-015 Trans-mission CD (The Blaxound)
2014 HBR-016 Hotel Constellation CD (The Link Quartet & Miss Modus)
2014 HBR-017 Hello World CD (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
Limited Edition Titles
2005 HBL-001 Oh My! EP CD (The Dansettes)
2005 HBL-002 Stinky Stinky EP CD (Fil Lorenz Soul-tet)
2006 HBL-003 Scream On! CD (Screamin' Retro)
2006 HBL-004 Feed A Fever CD (Baron Samedi Ecstatic Soul Quintet)
2006 HBL-005 Decade EP CD (The Link Quartet)
2006 HBL-006 On The Outset CD (Nick Rossi Set)
2007 HBL-007 ...with the Hammond, in the Beauty EP CD (Leslie Overdrive)
2007 HBL-008 Applecore EP UNRELEASED CD / DIGITAL ONLY (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2007 HBL-009 Building A Bigger Tomorrow BONUS CD (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2008 HBL-010 Searching For A Bit Of Popularity CD (Low Fidelity Jet-Set Orchestra)
2008 HBL-011 Sounds From The Kitten Casino CD (Modus)
2010 HBL-012 On The One EP CD (Flyjack)
45 RPM
2007 HB7-01 A Tad Askew b/w Oily 7" (Leslie Overdrive)
2007 HB7-02 Bahia Soul b/w Jazz Rocker 7" (Low Fidelity Jet-Set Orchestra)
2008 HB7-03 Origin b/w Mercury Wonderland 7" (Captain Hammond vs The Futuro Seven)
2008 HB7-04 Lady Day and John Coltrane b/w Hey Bulldog 7" (Tony Face Big Roll Band)
2008 HB7-05 Yu Nou Rili (live) b/w Memphis Train (live) 7" (Phat Fred)
2008 HB7-06 Paparazzi b/w A Blues For Me 7" (Paolo "Apollo" Negri & Teresa Reeves-Gilmer)
2009 HB7-07 Fast Girls & Sexy Cars b/w Drummore 7" (The Link Quartet)
2009 HB7-08 DangerBoogaloo b/w Wasabi Sauce 7" (Low Fidelity Jet-Set Orchestra)
2009 HB7-09 Brooklyn Groove b/w Brother Lou 7" (Euro Cinema)
2009 HB7-10 Lookin Up, Turnin Round b/w Moet Jij Wete 7" (Sven Hammond Soul)
2012 HB7-11 Lightswitch b/w Le Cirque du MIDI 7" (Paolo "Apollo" Negri & Milo Scaglioni)
Digital Only & Fan Editions CD's
2004 HBB.001 Pole Position CD-R (Fast 3)
2004 HBB.002 Italian Playboys International EP CD-R (The Link Quartet)
2004 HBB.003 Strudel Girl VS. The New Acid Wave CD-R (The Link Quartet)
2005 HBB.004 Mile High Mayhem CD (The Link Quartet)
2006 HBB-005 Evolution: 1997-2001 (part 1) (The Link Quartet)
2006 HBB-006 Evolution: 1997-2001 (part 2) (The Link Quartet)
2007 HBB.007 With the Finger on the Trigger (Men From S.P.E.C.T.R.E.)
2007 HBB.008 Sugartown (Men From S.P.E.C.T.R.E.)
2007 HBB.009 Never Enough UNRELEASED (Ondrej Pivec Organic Quartet)
2007 HBB.010 The Grifter (Fast 3)
2007 HBB.011 Entering The Timesphere [EP] (Nice Price featuring Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2007 HBB-012 Long Live The Link (The Link Quartet)
2007 HBB-013 Soundsational Movements (Modulo5)
2005 HBB.014 Cosmic Candy CD (Captain Hammond)
2007 HBB.014 Cosmic Cantina (Captain Hammond)
2008 HBB.015 Getup & Groove (The Getup)
2008 HBB.016 Stack em High (Max Paparella)
2008 HBB.017 Phat Fred Live In Denmark (Phat Fred)
2008 HBB.018 The Oppenheimer Transmissions (The Futuro Seven)
2008 HBB.019 (I Got) So Much Trouble In My Mind (EP) (Fred Leslie's missing Link)
2008 HBB.020 Going Down Slowly (EP) (Fred Leslie's missing Link)
2008 HBB.021 Forward (The Yards)
2008 HBB.022 Life at Cafe Eric (The Getup)
2009 HBB.023 Paolo Apollo Negri's SxSW Odyssey (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2011 HBB.024 Diesler vs The Bongolian EP (The Link Quartet / Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2011 HBB.025 Ten-4! (Euro Cinema)
2011 HBB.026 Hammondbeat Hi-Fi Sessions, Vol.1 (various artists)
2011 HBB.027 Hammondbeat Hi-Fi Sessions, Vol.2 (various artists)
2012 HBB.028 Hammond Groovers, Vol.1 (various artists)
2012 HBB.029 VocAll (Hammondbeat Profiles Volume 1) (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri)
2013 HBB.030 Hammond Groovers, Vol.2 (various artists)
2014 HBB.031 A, B & C (Penelope)
2014 HBB.032 Crash (Max Paparella)
2014 HBB.033 Gumbo Funk CD (Paolo 'Apollo' Negri featuring Noel McKoy)
Vibesbeat
2013 HBV-001 Jackson CD (The Mackay Project)
2013 HBV-002 Here's That Rainy Day CD (Thomas Mackay Quintet)
Links
Hammondbeat Records
Paolo Apollo Negri
The Link Quartet
The Blaxound
Max Paparella
Penelope
American record labels
Record labels established in 2002
2002 establishments in the United States |
5398502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stora%20V%C3%A4rtan | Stora Värtan | Stora Värtan is an inlet of the Baltic Sea located in the Stockholm archipelago north of the city of Stockholm, Sweden. It is bordered to the west by the municipalities of Täby and Danderyd, to the south by the municipality of Lidingö, to the north by the municipality of Österåker and to the northeast by the municipality of Vaxholm.
Stora Värtan is about three kilometers wide from east to west and approximately six kilometers wide north to south. The inlet connects to Lilla Värtan in the southwest, Kyrkfjärden in the northeast and Askrikefjärden in the southeast. The inlet's western beaches, near the towns of Djursholm and Täby, are heavily populated, while the eastern waterfront is relatively undeveloped.
Many bays surround the Stora Värtan and it also contains a number of islands, including Tornön, Bastuholmen, Lilla Skraggen, Stora Skraggen – which houses an active shipyard – and Storholmen, where the inlet flows into Askrikefjärden. Although it lacks road access, Storholmen is inhabited year-round. The islet of Råholmen – where the boundaries of Danderyd, Täby, Vaxholm and Österåker municipalities all meet – is also located in the Stora Värtan.
Bodies of water of Sweden
Inlets of Europe
Landforms of Stockholm County |
4002854 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20for%20Liberal%20Thinking | Association for Liberal Thinking | The Association for Liberal Thinking () is a Turkish classical liberal, non-profit, non-governmental organization. ALT does not involve in daily politics and have no direct links with any political party or movement.
History
The group was informally founded on 26 December 1992 by liberal intellectuals and gained official status as an association under Turkish law on 1 April 1994. Three years after its informal formation the Association started to publish what it recognizes as its main publication, the journal titled Liberal Düşünce (Liberal Thought).
Organisation
The association is based in Ankara, the capital city of Turkey.
It has five working groups called "research centers": Din ve Hurriyet Araştırmaları Merkezi (Religion and Freedom Research Center), İnsan Hakları Merkezi (Human Rights Center), Ekonomik Özgürlük Merkezi (Economic Freedom Center), Çevre Politikaları Araştırma Merkezi (Environmental Policies Research Center) and Eğitim Politikaları Araştırma Merkezi (Education Policies Research Center).
Activities
The association publishes reports, books and journal (Liberal Düşünce, published quarterly), hosts seminars and runs educational programs. It supports research and carries out studies that serve understanding the Turkish society. It also organizes essay contest aimed primarily at university students for encouraging the study and dissemination of liberal thought. For example, the 2008 essay contest was on the meaning of reading Frederic Bastiat's Law.
Quarterly journal Liberal Düşünce (Liberal Thinking) is prestigious source for Turkish Liberal ideology and civil society. President of the Association Atilla Yayla is also columnist in the liberal-conservative newspaper Yeni Şafak.
Projects carried out by the organisation have included 'Inter-religious Affairs: Search for A Peaceful Coexistence in a Secular and Democratic System', a 2004 project aimed at encouraging diversity which was sponsored by the European Commission.
The organisation is associated with Liberte Yayınları (Liberte Publications) that publishes its journals and books by its members.
The Association was a co-sponsor of the 2008 International Conference on Climate Change, with the Heartland Institute as the main sponsor.
References
External links
Official site in English
Think tanks based in Turkey
Classical liberalism
Conservatism in Turkey
Libertarian think tanks
Climate change denial |
4002856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Covenant%20%28Iceland%29 | Old Covenant (Iceland) | The Old Covenant (Modern Icelandic: ; Old Norse: ) was the name of the agreement which effected the union of Iceland and Norway. It is also known as Gissurarsáttmáli, named after Gissur Þorvaldsson, the Icelandic chieftain who worked to promote it. The name "Old Covenant", however, is probably due to historical confusion. Gamli sáttmáli is properly the treaty of 1302 mentioned below and the treaty of 1262 is the actual Gissurarsáttmáli.
The agreement also led to a shift in Iceland's political ideology towards the model of monarchy since it diminished the role of its chieftains (goði) as models of political rule. Prior to the agreement, the chieftains' power, which developed into a Commonwealth, was idealized particularly during the 12th and 13th centuries.
Covenant
The agreement was made in 1262–1264 between the major chieftains of Iceland and Haakon IV of Norway, and his son and successor, Magnus the Lawgiver. The signing brought about the union of Iceland with Norway, which subsequently led to Iceland's union with Denmark in 1380, by way of the Kalmar Union.
The years preceding the signing of the accord were marked by civil strife in Iceland (the so-called Age of the Sturlungs), as the Norwegian king tried to exert his influence through the Icelandic family clans, most notably the Sturlungs. Gissur Þorvaldsson, a vassal of the king, worked as his agent in the matter.
According to the provisions in the agreement, the Icelanders were to bear taxation from the Norwegian king, but in exchange they were to receive a code of laws, guaranteed peace and reliable transportation and shipping between Norway and Iceland. Norwegians and Icelanders received equal rights in each other's countries. The laws of the Icelandic Commonwealth were updated and a book of laws named Jónsbók was issued in 1281. Under the Norwegian rule, trade links between the two countries increased and Iceland's settlement expanded.
The agreement was renewed in 1302 at the behest of Haakon V of Norway. Iceland's union with Norway (and, after the Treaty of Kiel, with Denmark) lasted until 1944, during World War II, when the Republic of Iceland was founded.
Several possible explanations have been offered for the succumbing of Icelandic chieftains to the Norwegian Crown:
They were tired of war and believed that a covenant with the King would lead to lasting peace.
A fear that the King would embargo Iceland unless they swore allegiance to him.
The support of the Church for the King's cause to annex Iceland.
Icelandic chieftains making deals with the King to annex Iceland in exchange for serving as his courtiers.
Icelandic chieftains surrendering their chieftaincies in the hopes that they would soon rule them as fiefs.
The Icelanders were not aware of ideas of sovereignty and did not adhere to modern types of nationalism.
Royal power was a much stronger political force than the Icelandic Commonwealth.
The use of the sagas as accurate historical sources has been questioned by historian Patricia Pires Boulhosa who claims Gamli sáttmáli is a much younger document and was used to negotiate with the Norwegian king for the benefit of Icelanders. Some historians, therefore, questioned the authenticity of the Old Covenant itself, citing that it could be an imaginative reconstruction. The earliest copies of the Old Covenant are from the 15th century.
References
Bibliography
Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg, Helgi Skúli Kjartansson Íslenskur sögu atlas: 1. bindi: Frá öndverðu til 18. aldar Almenna bókafélagið, Reykjavík 1989
.
Legal history of Iceland
Political history of Norway
Legal history of Norway
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Iceland |
4002858 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garden%20Plain | Garden Plain | Garden Plain may refer to:
Garden Plain, Alberta, Canada
Garden Plain, Kansas, United States
Garden Plain Township, Whiteside County, Illinois, United States
Garden Plain Township, Sedgwick County, Kansas, United States |
4002859 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murtaz%20Shelia | Murtaz Shelia | Murtaz Shelia (born 25 March 1969) is a former former professional footballer who played as a defender. He was capped 29 times for the Georgia national team between 1994 and 1998. His clubs included Dinamo Tbilisi, 1. FC Saarbrücken, Spartak-Alania Vladikavkaz, Manchester City and Lokomotivi Tbilisi.
Club career
With Dinamo Tbilisi, Shelia formed part of a Georgian league championship winning team for five years in a row, from 1991 to 1995. In 1995, he joined Spartak-Alania Vladikavkaz of the Russian league, where, as one of five Georgians on the books of the North Ossetians, he helped the club win the Russian league title in his first season.
Two years later Shelia joined English club Manchester City, where his former Dinamo Tbilisi team-mate Georgi Kinkladze was the star player. He marked his debut with a goal at Birmingham City, though Manchester City lost the match 2–1. Six weeks later he was joined in defence by another Georgian, Kakhaber Tskhadadze, but as the season reached its conclusion injuries restricted Shelia's appearances, and he scored just once more against Nottingham Forest. At the end of the season Manchester City were relegated, entering the third tier for the first time in their history. The following season Shelia made just three appearances before sustaining a career-threatening injury against Reading in October 1998, his final appearance for the club.
In 2000, he was released from his contract by Dinamo Tbilisi. After briefly attempting a comeback with Lokomotivi Tbilisi, he retired in 2001.
International career
With the Georgia national team Shelia won 1998 Malta International Football Tournament.
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Soviet footballers
Footballers from Georgia (country)
Association football defenders
Georgia (country) international footballers
2. Bundesliga players
English Football League players
Russian Premier League players
FC Dinamo Tbilisi players
1. FC Saarbrücken players
FC Spartak Vladikavkaz players
Manchester City F.C. players
FC Locomotive Tbilisi players
Expatriate footballers from Georgia (country)
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in Germany
Expatriate footballers in Germany
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in Russia
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Expatriate sportspeople from Georgia (country) in England |
4002861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Burns%20%28minister%29 | Francis Burns (minister) | Francis Burns (1809 – 1863) was an American Methodist minister who served as a missionary in Liberia. He was the first Missionary Bishop, and the first African-American Bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church (elected in 1858).
Birth, enslavement and early education
Burns was born 5 December 1809 in Albany, New York. He was said to be "thoroughly African in his complexion." New York was still a slave state at this time. His parents were so poor, such that at the age of four they placed their son in service with a farmer in Greene County, New York. At the age of eight, he was indentured to a Mr. Atwood (a farmer) to learn the farming business.
He was permitted to attend school with the other children of the neighborhood, during the winter season (which is when most early schools were open, the farm chores being fewer during the winter). Two years later, however, his health becoming poor, he was sent to the district school during the entire summer.
Early religious life and ministry
The Atwood family was respectable and eminently pious, living in Ashland, New York, in a house now owned by Samuel Creech. Burns attended the North Settlement Methodist Church, County Route 10 Ashland. Mrs. Atwood was a Methodist class-leader. One who knew her said she was "a holy and zealous woman." At fifteen years of age Francis was converted to the Christian faith under the influence of Miss Stewart, a white teacher, the daughter of a Baptist preacher. At seventeen Francis felt that God required him to preach. Yet he refrained from doing so because he was bound to his master until the age of twenty-one.
His education was insufficient from Burns's own perspective, and there appeared no field in which he might labor to answer his calling. When the way finally opened, he felt unwilling to enter it. But possessing an unquenchable thirst for knowledge, he employed all his efforts to obtain it. While attending a high school he began to hold religious meetings, and to exhort. He also began to teach school. Indeed, he is said to have been "the first colored student in a white school," the Academy at Lexington Heights, New York. He is also said to have been "the first colored teacher in a white school," in his own community, where he received marked respect. He was subsequently licensed as a local preacher on the Windham circuit.
Bishop Matthew Simpson said of Francis Burns, in reflection:
By his intelligence, his consistent piety, and by the force of his character, he rose above the disabilities of his color, and commanded the respect of all that knew him.
Missionary service
The Rev. Francis Burns became noticed as a pastor and a preacher. A Dr. Terry of the Mission Rooms was chiefly instrumental in leading him into missionary work. He encouraged Francis to enter upon a course of study, that he might be ready to go to Liberia or elsewhere, should the door open. In 1833 Dr. Terry secured for Francis an interview with Bishop Hedding. In 1834, when the Rev. John Seys was about to sail for Liberia, it was arranged that the Rev. Burns should accompany him as a Missionary Teacher. Sailing in September of that year, they arrived in Monrovia 18 October.
The Rev. Burns' first appointment in Liberia was as at Cape Palmas. For two years he suffered from the dreaded fever. He joined the Liberia Annual Conference in 1838, and in 1840-42 was an assistant Preacher on the Bassa Circuit. During 1843 and the early part of 1844 he was appointed to Monrovia. In due course he was elected to orders. Then ten years after arriving in Liberia, returning to New York, Francis Burns was ordained by Bishop Janes.
The Rev. Burns performed hard and difficult work in the missionary field. He also occasionally occupied the post of teacher in the Monrovia Seminary. He served as Editor of the Africa's Luminary, doing so with marked ability.
Ordained ministry
The Rev. Francis Burns returned to the U.S. in 1844. He was ordained Deacon 16 June 1844 in Brooklyn, N.Y. He was ordained Elder in the Mulberry Street Church in New York City the same day, with Bishop Janes officiating at both services. The Rev. Burns returned to Liberia later that year.
When, at the 1849 session of the Mission Conference, the work in Liberia was divided into districts, the Rev. Burns was appointed Presiding Elder of the Cape Palmas District. For six years of the ten that he was Presiding Elder, he also served as President of the Conference, reporting clearly and comprehensively the business of the mission to the Missionary Board in New York. In 1851, Burns also was sent to open an academy in Monrovia and to superintend the Mission there.
Episcopal ministry
The 1856 General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church made provision for the first time for the election and consecration of a Missionary Bishop (for the African work). Accordingly, in January 1858 the Liberia Annual Conference elected the Rev. Francis Burns as their first Bishop. He returned to the US for consecration. This took place 14 October 1858 at the session of the Genesee Annual Conference, meeting in Perry, Wyoming County, New York. Bishops Janes and Baker presided at the consecration.
Bishop Simpson, quoting Dr. John Robie (who was present at the Conference), described the proceedings:
Though of ebony complexion, he had gained wonderfully on the affection and respect of all who had made his acquaintance, and especially of those privileged to an intimate association with him. His manner is exceedingly pleasant, and his spirit is as kind, sweet, and good as ever beamed from human heart or disposition. He seems to be lacking in none of the qualifications of the gentleman and Christian minister. He possesses also an intelligent and cultivated mind, speaks readily and fluently, and even eloquently, and is in all respects a model African. Such is the man whom the Liberian Conference has selected for a bishop, and such the one the highest authorities of one American church have set apart for the sacred and responsible position.
Bishop Burns returned to Africa almost immediately following his consecration, where he devoted himself to the work which devolved upon him for the next nearly five years.
Failing health and death
Bishop Burns' health began to fail. He was therefore directed to take a sea voyage. On the advice of his physician, Bishop Burns then returned to the U.S.A. He died 18 April 1863 within three days of his arrival in Baltimore, Maryland, a mere three months after Emancipation in the United States. Bishop Burns was buried in Palm Grove Cemetery in Monrovia, Liberia.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
References
Thomas, James S. Methodism's Racial Dilemma: The Story of the Central Jurisdiction. Nashville: Abingdon Press, 1992.
Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops. Nashville, The Methodist Publishing House, 1948.
Further reading
Trafton, Mark, Lives of Missionary Bishops, Flood and Hamilton, 1882.
"Francis Burns" in Cyclopaedia of Methodism, Matthew Simpson, D.D., LL.D., Ed. (revised edition), Philadelphia: Louis H. Everts, 1880.
American Methodist missionaries
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
Burials in Liberia
19th-century American slaves
1809 births
1863 deaths
Religious leaders from Albany, New York
American Methodist bishops
Schoolteachers from New York (state)
American expatriates in Liberia
African-American Methodist clergy
Methodist missionaries in Liberia
Missionary educators
19th-century American bishops
19th-century Methodist bishops
African-American missionaries |
4002875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonnewaug%20High%20School | Nonnewaug High School | Nonnewaug High School is a public school in Woodbury, Connecticut United States which serves the towns of Woodbury and Bethlehem, Connecticut. It is part of Regional School District #14. Before 1970, students in the district attended Woodbury High School, which has now become the middle school. The school houses the Ellis Clark Regional Agri-Science and Technology Center, which draws students from additional surrounding areas. Nonnewaug serves approx 750 students, around a third of which are from the agriscience program. The name "Nonnewaug" comes from a local Native American Chief. The word, originally Nunnaw-auke, means “dry land". The Woodbury FFA Chapter from Nonnewaug produces some of the top FFA teams in the country.
Television station
Nonnewaug High School also contains the local television station NEAT TV available on Channel 194 for Spectrum customers in Woodbury and Bethlehem, Connecticut. This television station airs material created by students throughout the district, as well as live television events such as basketball games and Board of Education meetings.
References
External links
https://www.ctreg14.org
Schools in Litchfield County, Connecticut
Public high schools in Connecticut
Bethlehem, Connecticut
Woodbury, Connecticut |
5398509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tambu%20%28music%29 | Tambu (music) | Tambu (also tambú) is a drum, music genre and dance form, found on Aruba, Bonaire and Curaçao, and is a major part of the Dutch Antillean music. On Bonaire, it is also known as bari. Curaçaoan tambu is a major part of that island's culture, and is there a genre that is considered muziek di zumbi (literally, spirit music, referring to music of African origin), and is accompanied by instruments like the wiri, agan and triangle. The word tambu derives from the Spanish word for drum, tambor.
The origins of Tambú can be traced back to the early 17th century, where a large number of African slaves arrived in Curaçao from Angola. The ritual was first associated with the Curaçao style of stick fighting called kokomakaku, where the Tambú referred to the rhythms played by the drummer (called a tamburero) on a single drum (also referred to as tambú). Since then, the performance has changed in congruence with the historical circumstances of the Curaçao island.
Tambu can refer to the small drum on which the music is played, the dance that accompanies the music, or the event where the music and dance take place. In modern tambu, the lyrics are usually in the Papiamento language and are sung along with a chapi (hoe), the tambu drum and sometimes other singers, while the audience claps to the rhythm. The tambu rhythm is complicated and is passed down orally from generation to generation. Tambu consists of two beats; sla habri and sla será, the open and closed beat respectively. These beats alternate to create a musical dialogue. The lead vocalists are known for their skilful wordplay when delivering the performance's message. Additionally, there are two types of tambu music; telele, which is a long, slow rising and falling melody, and tambu itself, which is faster paced and shorter in duration.
History
The Slavery Era
Tambú first emerged on Curaçao in the early stages of Dutch slave rule during the early 17th century. It is a tradition which was started by the large number of African slaves sent to Curaçao from Angola. The slaves acted as servants for Dutch families who resided there. During these years, the Afro-community continued to express Angolan culture through the performance of war dances, in particular, stick fighting known as kokomakaku. Originally performed in a circle, the first form of Tambú music was used to complement the stick fighters, in which the contestants danced and jumped to the rhythms played by the drummer on a single drum called the tambú. The drummer was accompanied by a lead vocalist, who sang tributes about the contestants before they began fighting, in which the audience could gain an understanding about the fighters past history and special talents.Tambú further evolved as the Dutch became more conscious of the growing slave communities and set out to control them. Stick fighting and other general martial arts traditions became restricted by law, and the traditional kokomakuku performance became extinct. Instead the tradition transformed into a performance more focused on the drumming and wordplay. The use of sticks as weapons, were instead replaced with words, spoken by the lead vocalist, who were used by people to attack another person's defects and vice versa. The ritual finished with the audience making a judgement on who had the better performance and awarded the winner.
Post Slavery Era
In the years preceding emancipation, the Catholic Church and their methods of indoctrination were used to further attempt to end Tambú rituals. However, the subsequent Afro-Curaçao Catholic community instead adopted catholic principles and saints into Tambu performances. Following the abolishment of slavery in 1863, the Catholic Church stepped up their efforts to end Tambú rituals. Priests used weekly pulpits to convince the community that Tambú was evil, and participation in the genre would have everlasting implications on their journey to heaven. Religious disapproval did have an effect on the Afro-Curaçao community, however participation still continued. Participants instead performed more secular versions of songs in a manner more socially acceptable in Curaçao society.
20th Century to Present Day
During the 20th Century, the government further created laws to limit the participation of Tambú. These laws are still in effect in Curaçao society. Instead of trying to eliminate Tambú completely, the government enforced a law in 1935, where organisers had to apply for a permit to hold Tambú events. The application had to specify exact dates, which songs would be played, and the name of all attendees. Furthermore, the law stated that a second permit was needed to allow people of two or more from separate residences to dance together. This pushed Tambú further underground. Many participants found the laws too risky to flout, forcing them to disengage with Tambú.
During the 1970s, Tambú experienced a revival, when a group of Afro-Curaçaon scholars endeavoured to persuade the Curaçao government to rethink the laws restricting Tambú. Their efforts gained a following which resulted in the government and the Catholic Church to ease restrictions. Laws were relaxed during certain months of the year (November, December and January), which is now known as 'The Tambú Season'.
In contemporary Curaçao society, Tambú continues to be performed in an effort to preserve its historical significance. Special cultural events are organised during the Tambú Season to promote and represent African and Afro-Curaçao history. Tambú recordings are also played on media platforms such as the radio, and in local party scenes, becoming increasingly popular to the younger generations of contemporary Curaçao society.
Instrumentation
Tambú (drum)
An essential element of the Tambú is the single drum which is played during a performance, called the tambú or bari (translated to barrel). The original instrument in Tambú's early years was made out of a hollow tree trunk, its opening covered with animal skin. During the early 17th century the drum took different forms of shapes, in conjunction with the restrictions. As the performance became more secretive in different locations, lighter smaller drums were used, as well as household items such as tables and chairs. Another alternative drum used was known as the kalbas den tobo (“calabash in a tub”), which was made using wooden wash tubs filled with water and a large calabash floating on top. This produced a muffled, quiet sound that allowed Tambú to be performed indistinctly. New types of drums continued to appear in Curaçao. Due to the negative environmental implications of Dutch settlement, trees became less populated on the island. The main type of bari was made from the wood of old vegetable boxes, melded into a cylinder, with sheep skin stretched over the top. This technique is used to construct the drum in modern Curaçao society.
Heru
Accompanying the bari, there is a collective of iron instruments known as heru. There have been five basic types of heru known as the:
Agan di tres pida (“iron in three pieces”), which was made up of two iron bars and one iron tube, in which the player produces different tone variations, depending on where the bars were hit;
Agan di dos pida (“iron in two pieces”), which was made up of one iron bar and one tube, and played the same way as the agan di tres pida;
Triangel, where an iron bar was bent into the shape of a triangle, and struck with an iron bar to create a singular clear tone;
Wiri, which is a serrated piece of iron that is scraped down using a thin iron bar;
Chapi, which is the metal end of a garden hoe and is struck with an iron bar to achieve a sharp high-pitched tone.
The chapi, was an instrument born from the slave years in Curaçao but remains the most common used heru in contemporary Tambú to this day.
Music Structure
Deklarashon Introduktorio
The prequel of a Tambú performance is known as the deklarashon introduktorio. This is an announcement of sought, where the pregon (lead singer), declares that a Tambú performance is about to begin and gathers the audience around. It is here where the tonal centre of the song is established, and a feeling of the basic melodic and rhythmic elements can be listened to by the audience and the musicians in preparation for the performance. The pregon will also announce the title or basic outline of the Tambú performance to the audience. Once this concludes, the Tambú performance begins. Tambú has maintained the basic binary structure of the performance that follows since its origins and consists of two sections: the habri (“open”) and será (“closed”).
Habri
Once the short deklarashon introduktorio concludes, the habri begins. The habri, is where the pregon coveys the main message of the performance. It is a customary rule that the audience and coro, remain silent during the habri. No dancing, clapping or other distractions are allowed, and the audience is expected to be paying undivided attention to the pregon. The pregon also must adhere to the melodic and rhythmic patterns set in the deklarashon introduktorio.
Sera
Following the habri the pregon will decide when the sera begins. The pregon will signal with a hand wave and a vocal call, that the sera has begun. In this part, the rhythms of the tambu and the heru become faster and more intense. The coro is used to support the pregon by repeating key messages of the song, and pushing the pregon to continue delivering the performance. The audience also plays a key role during the sera. In this section, the audience are free to participate through clapping (called brassa) or stomping (called pisotea). Hand clapping is used to accentuate the downbeat of the performance, adding further rhythmic elements to accompany the percussionists. Rhythmically, the combination of the heru, bari, and body percussion of the audience, produces quick and complex patterns. Often the heru and bari, provide a triplet pulse, transcribed as a 12/8 time signature, while the pregon sings to a 4/4 count. The hand claps are able to adopt both sets of rhythms to accompany both the musicians and the pregon. The sera section also allows the audience to dance. Dancing is typically done where the participant plants one foot on the floor, while the other foot stomps to the drummers rhythm. Dancing is governed by strict rules of etiquette. It can be danced either individually or in pairs, however it is forbidden for an individual to touch their partner when dancing together.
References
Garland Encyclopedia of World Music, pp. 927–931
New Grove Encyclopedia of Music, pp 775–777
Aruban culture
Bonaire culture
Music of Curaçao
Lesser Antillean music |
4002921 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talla%2C%20Arezzo | Talla, Arezzo | Talla is a town and comune in the province of Arezzo, Tuscany (Italy).
References |
4002922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Order%20of%20Saint%20Januarius | Order of Saint Januarius | The Illustrious Royal Order of Saint Januarius (Italian: Insigne Reale Ordine di San Gennaro) is a Roman Catholic order of knighthood founded by Charles VII of Naples in 1738. It was the last great dynastic order to be constituted as a chivalric fraternity, with a limitation to Roman Catholics and a direct attachment to the dynasty rather than the state. The founder of the order, Charles VII of Naples, ruled from 1734 until 1759.
The grand magistry of the order is disputed among claimants to the headship of the formerly reigning House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies.
Structure of the order
Originally, the order had four principal officers, whose duties were to administer its affairs:
Chancellor
Secretary
Treasurer
Master of Ceremonies
A reform of 17 August 1827, limited these duties to certain ceremonial roles at the installation of knights, and no successors were appointed to the then-holders of these offices.
The order today
The order continues to be awarded today by the two claimants to the headship of the royal House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies, Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria and Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro.
Since 1960, the order has been awarded sparingly and total membership has not exceeded eighty, most of the knights being members of royal houses, senior officers of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George, or Italian grandees.
Members
, the knights appointed by Prince Pedro, Duke of Calabria, his father and grandfather, were:
HM King Juan Carlos I of Spain, 19-2-1960.
HM King Simeon II of the Bulgarians, 30-3-1960.
HRH Dom Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza, 2-10-1990.
HRH Alexander Karageorgevich of Serbia, 8-1-1991.
HIRH Archduke Simeon of Austria, 4-11-2002.
Don Vincenzo-Capasso Torre, XVI Count delle Pastène and V Conte of Caprara, 14-6-1960.
Don Iñigo de Moreno e Arteaga, 1 Marquess of Laserna, 6-1-1961
Hervé Pinoteau, Baron Pinoteau, 13-4-1963.
Don José-Maria de Palacio y Oriol, IV Marquess of Villarreal de Alava, 19-9-1972
Guy Stair Sainty, 19-9-1979
HE Don Carlos Fitz-James Stuart, 19th Duke of Alba de Tormes, Berwick, Liria and Xerica, Grandee of Spain, 2-10-1990.
Count Don Agostino Borromeo, 25-9-2002.
Don Roberto Dentice di Accadia, Marquess of Accadia, 25-9-2002.
Prince Don Alberto Giovanelli, 25-9-2002.
HSH Prince and Marquess Don Maurizio Ferrante Gonzaga di Vescovato, 5-9-2002.
Noble Don Alesandro of the Counts Mariotti Solimani, 25-9-2002.
Nobile Don Lorenzo de' Notaristefani, 25-9-2002.
Ambassador Don Giuseppe Bonanno, Prince of Linguaglossa, (... 2003).
HEm Cardinal Dario Castrillón Hoyos, April 2016.
, the knights appointed by Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro, his father and grandfather, were:
Prince Carlo, Duke of Castro and Grand Master
Antonio Maria of Bourbon Two Sicilies
Francesco Maria of Bourbon Two Sicilies
Gennaro Maria of Bourbon Two Sicilies
Luigi Alfonso Maria of Bourbon Two Sicilies
Alessandro Enrico Maria of Bourbon Two Sicilies
Casimiro Maria of Bourbon Two Sicilies
Matthew Festing, Prince and Grand Master of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Duarte Pio, Duke of Braganza
Jean, Count of Paris (19 March 2019, installed 13 May 2019)
Renato Raffaele Cardinal Martino
Count Andrzej Ciechanowiecki +2015
Ambassador Count Carlo Marullo di Condojanni, Prince of Casalnuovo
Duke and Count Don Ferdinando Gaetani dell’Aquila d’Aragona, Prince of Piedmont, Duke of Laurenzana, Count of Alife,
Duke Francesco d’Avalos, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Marquess of Pescara and Vasto
Prince Filippo Massimo, Prince of Arsoli and Duke of Anticoli Corrado
Prince Carlo Cito Filomarino, Prince of Rocca d’Aspro, Prince of Bitetto, Marquess of Torrecuso
Prince Gregorio Carafa Cantelmo Stuart, Prince of the Holy Roman Empire, Prince of Roccella, Duke of Bruzzano
Don Roberto Caracciolo, Duke of San Vito
Prince Giovanni Battista de’Medici, Prince of Ottajano, Duke of Casalnuovo
See also
Order of Saint Ferdinand and of Merit
Order of Saint George and Reunion
Royal Order of Francis I
Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
References
External links
History of the Order of Saint Januarius
Order of Saint Januarius webpage on the Constantinian Order website (including roll of members)
Awards established in 1738 |
4002926 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CJRB | CJRB | CJRB is a Canadian radio station broadcasting an easy listening/oldies format at 1220 on the AM dial. Licensed to Boissevain, Manitoba, it serves the Westman region. It first began broadcasting in October 1973. The station is currently owned by Golden West Broadcasting.
CJRB is the only station in Canada which broadcasts on 1220 kHz; 1220 AM is a Mexican clear-channel frequency. CJRB is a Class B station.
References
External links
CJRB Radio 1220
Golden West Corporate Website - Manitoba Radio
Jrb
Jrb
Radio stations established in 1973
1973 establishments in Manitoba |
5398510 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20factor%20movements | International factor movements | In international economics, international factor movements are movements of labor, capital, and other factors of production between countries. International factor movements occur in three ways: immigration/emigration, capital transfers through international borrowing and lending, and foreign direct investment. International factor movements also raise political and social issues not present in trade in goods and services. Nations frequently restrict immigration, capital flows, and foreign direct investment.
Substitutability of factors and commodities
Trade in goods and services can to some extent be considered a substitute for factor movements. In the absence of trade barriers, even when factors are not mobile, there is a tendency toward factor price equalization. In the absence of barriers to factor mobility, commodity prices will move toward equalization, even if commodities may not freely move. However, complete substitution between factors of production and commodities is only theoretical, and will only be fully realized under the economic model called the Heckscher-Ohlin model, or the 2x2x2 model, wherein there are two-countries, two-commodities, and two factors of production. While the assumptions of that model are unlikely to hold true in reality, the model is still informative as to how prices of factors and commodities react as trade barriers are erected or removed.
International labor mobility
International labor migration is a key feature of our international economy. For example, many industries in the United States are heavily dependent on legal and illegal labor from Mexico and the Caribbean. Middle Eastern economic development has been fueled by laborers from South Asian countries, and several European countries have had formal guest-worker programs in place for years. The United Nations estimated that more than 175 million people, roughly 3 percent of the world’s population, live in a country other than where they were born.
International labor mobility is a politically contentious subject, particularly when considering the illegal movements of people across international borders to seek work. For example, a number of European countries saw the rise in the 1990s of a number of anti-immigrant political parties such as the National Front in France, the National Alliance in Italy, and the Republikaner in Germany. The subject is equally contentious among academics who have espoused numerous theories for the effects of immigration, both illegal and legal, on foreign and domestic economies. Traditional international economic theory maintains that reducing barriers to labor mobility results in the equalization of wages across countries.
This can be demonstrated easily with a graphical model. First, the wage rate in a particular country can be shown graphical by looking at the marginal product of labor (MPL). The MPL curve demonstrates the real wage rate at any given level of employment in an economy.
Now, consider a model where there are two countries: Home and Foreign. Each country is represented by a MPL curve.
Initially, Home's labor force is at point C and Foreign's labor force is at point B. In the absence of labor mobility, these points would stay the same. However, when you allow labor to move between countries, assuming the costs of movement are zero, the real wage converges on point A, and workers in Home move to Foreign where they will earn a higher wage.
Substitutability and complementarity of foreign and domestic labor
Some have argued that guest workers, including perhaps illegal workers in some instances, help insulate domestic populations from economic fluctuations. In times of economic prosperity more guest workers may be needed. While during economic downturns guest workers may be required to return to their country of origin. However, it is often simultaneously argued that cheaper foreign labor may be necessary for the preservation of import-competing industries. Looking at those two arguments together presents a contradiction between these two alleged benefits. When migrant workers are sent home during economic downturns and native workers take their place, the assumption is that the two types of labor are substitutes, but if cheap labor is necessary to make domestic industries competitive, this requires migrant labor to be complementary. Different types of labor (e.g., skilled and unskilled) may be complements and substitutes at the same time. For example, skilled laborers may need unskilled laborers to work in the factories skilled laborers design, but at the same time an influx of unskilled labor may make capital intensive production less economically attractive than labor-intensive production, reducing the competitiveness of skilled laborers that design high-tech goods. However, the same type of labor, cannot be both a complement and substitute. For example, foreign unskilled workers will either be a substitute or complement to domestic unskilled workers; they cannot be both. The economic well being of domestic workers will tend to rise if complementary foreign labor enters the market, but their economic well being, a function of their wage, will fall if substitute foreign labor enters the market.
A number of scholars who study the effects of international labor mobility have argued that complementary immigration, which deviates from the outcome predicted by the above model, is a common phenomena. Illegal immigration in the United States provides one useful example of this critique. The above model would predict that illegal immigration in the United States would cause the wages of domestic unskilled workers to fall. Illegal immigrants would move to the United States seeking higher wages than in their home countries. The influx of foreign laborers willing to work for wages below the pre-immigration market price in the United States would cause wages for U.S. domestic unskilled workers to fall and cause U.S. domestic unskilled workers to lose their jobs to the new foreign workers.
However, there is both theoretical and empirical evidence that this may not always be the case. The idea behind this critique is that immigrant unskilled labor differs in certain fundamental qualities from the domestic unskilled labor force. The central difference may be immigrants willingness to work in particular occupations that are shunned by domestic unskilled workers. The occupations that foreign unskilled workers fall into may in some cases actually be complements to the occupations of domestic unskilled workers, and, therefore, the work of the foreign unskilled workers could raise the marginal productivity of domestic laborers, rather than reduce their wages and employment rates as the traditional model predicts.
A great deal of empirical research has been done to assess the impact of certain groups of foreign workers. Most of these empirical studies attempt to measure the impact of immigration by looking at a cross-section of cities or regions in a country and using variations in immigrant or foreign worker density to determine how immigrants effect a particular variable of interest. Wages of domestic and foreign workers are obviously a common variable of interest. There are problems with this approach, however. In open economies with free trade, factor price equalization is likely to occur, so even if immigrants affect native national wages, the uneven distribution of immigrants across the nation may not result in long run cross-sectional wage differences. In the short run though, wage differences could indeed be present. Another issue is that immigrants may selectively move to cities that are experiencing high growth and an increase in wages. It has been suggested, however, that this issue can be resolved if wage data is examined over a period of time. In Friedburg and Hunt's survey of empirical immigration studies in 1995, they authors found that while some cross-sectional studies showed a slight decrease in domestic worker wages as a result of immigration, the effect was only slight, and not particularly detrimental. Pischke and Velling came to similar conclusions in a cross-sectional German immigration study.
Studies have also been done using "natural experiments" and time series data, which had findings similar to the cross-sectional studies. However, George Borjas, of Harvard University, and several other economists have used time series studies and looked at wage inequality data and found that immigration does have a significant effect on domestic laborers. There are several factors, however, that might lead to the overestimation of the effects of immigration using the wage inequality methodology. The primary problem in past studies was the limitations on available data. The wage inequality studies may therefore represent an upper boundary for what the real effect of immigration is on domestic wages.
International borrowing and lending
International borrowing and lending is another type of international factor movement; however, the "factor" being moved here is not physical, as it is with labor mobility. Instead, it is a financial transaction. It is also known as portfolio investment. International lending takes place through both private, commercial banks and through international, public banks, like multilateral development banks. It can be classified as a type of intertemporal trade, i.e., the exchange of resources over time. Intertemporal trade represents a tradeoff of goods today for goods tomorrow, and it can be contrasted with intratemporal trade, an exchange of goods taking place immediately. Intertemporal trade is measured by the current account of the balance of payments.
According to the time value of money, the present value of money is not equal to its future value (e.g., $1000 today is worth more than $1000 a year from now). Those wishing to borrow money from a lender must provide a measure of compensation above the value of the principal being borrowed. This compensation usually happens in the form of an interest rate payment. People do not all have the same demand for present and future consumption, so if borrowing and lending are allowed the "price of future consumption", i.e., the interest rate, will emerge. For the purposes of international economics, countries can be thought of in the same way as people. If a country has a relatively high interest rate, that would mean it has a comparative advantage in future consumption—an intertemporal comparative advantage. Countries that borrow from the international market are, therefore, those that have highly productive current investment opportunities. Countries that lend are in the opposite situation.
Foreign direct investment
Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is the ownership of assets in a country by foreigners where the ownership is intended to provide control over those assets. The foreign owner is often a firm. FDI is one way in which factors of production, specifically capital, move internationally. It is distinct from international borrowing and lending of capital because the intent of FDI is not simply to transfer resources; FDI is also intended to establish control.
Two aspects of the above definition are often debated due to their inherent ambiguity. First, if a firm acquires an ownership interest in another firm, how do we determine the "nationality" of either the acquiring or acquired firms? Many companies operate in multiple countries, making it difficult to assign them a nationality. For example, Honda has factories in multiple countries, including the United States, but the firm began in Japan. How, therefore, should we assign a nationality to Honda? Should it be on the basis of where the company was founded, where it primarily produces, or some other metric? Assigning a nationality is particularly problematic for firms founded countries with very small domestic markets and for companies that specifically focus on selling goods on the international market.
The second problem with FDI's definition is the meaning of "control." The U.S. Department of Commerce has defined FDI as when a single foreign investor acquires an ownership interest of 10% or more in a U.S. firm. The number 10%, however, is somewhat arbitrary, and it is easy to see how the Commerce Department's definition might not capture all instances of actual foreign control. For example, a group of investors in a foreign country could buy 9% of a U.S. firm and still use that ownership to exercise some measure of control. Alternatively, a foreign investor that purchases 10% of a U.S. firm may have no intention of exercising control over the company.
One important question economists have preoccupied themselves with regarding FDI is why ownership of domestic resources could be more profitable for foreign firms than for domestic firms. This questions rests on the assumption that, all things being equal, domestic firms should have an advantage over foreign firms in production in their own country. There are many explanations for why foreign firms acquire control over businesses in other countries. The foreign firm may simply have greater knowledge and expertise regarding productions methods, which gives it an advantage over domestic firms. The acquisition of a foreign firm could be based on a global business strategy. Finally, foreign firms might use a different discount rate or return on investment, which are essentially "cost of capital" considerations, when evaluating investment opportunities. However, Krugman and Graham, through a survey of the relevant literature, concluded that industrial organization considerations are more likely than cost of capital concerns to be the driving force for FDI.
Multinational enterprises
Multinational enterprises (MNEs) manage production or deliver services in more than one country. According to the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development's World Investment Report from 2007, as of 2005 there were over 77,000 parent company MNEs and 770,000 foreign affiliates. From an international economics viewpoint, there are two central questions about why MNEs exist. The first question is why goods and services are produced in multiple countries, instead of a single country. The second central question regarding MNEs is why certain firms decide to produce multiple products—why they internalize other areas of production. The first question can be answered rather simply. Different countries have different resources that companies may need for production. Also, transport costs and barriers to trade often mean the MNEs are necessary to access a particular market. The short answer to the second question it that firms internalize because it is more profitable for them to do so, but the exact reasons behind why it is more profitable to internalize are a more difficult issue. One possible reason for internalization is to insulate MNEs from opportunistic business partners through vertical integration. Technology transfer (here defined as any kind of useful economic knowledge) is also posited as a reason for internalization. A detailed discussion of these issues, however, is outside the scope of this article.
References
Further reading
Paul Krugman (2005). International Economics Theory and Policy. Addison Wesley. .
Paul Krugman (1995). Foreign Direct Investment in the United States. Institute for International Economics.
Simon Collinson & Glenn Morgan (2009). Images of the Multinational Firm. John Wiley & Sons.
Giorgio Barba Navaretti & Anthony J. Venables (2004). Multinational Firms in the World Economy. Princeton University Press.
Charles P. Kindleberger (1969). American Business Abroad. Yale University Press.
Mats Foresgren (2008). Theories of the Multinational Firm. Edward Elgar Publishing.
Michael Rauscher (1997). International Trade, Factor Movements, and the Environment. Clarendon Press.
Irving Fisher (1961). The Theory of Interest.
Economic globalization |
4002929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiom%20%28disambiguation%29 | Axiom (disambiguation) | An axiom is a proposition in mathematics and epistemology that is taken to be self-evident or is chosen as a starting point of a theory.
Axiom may also refer to:
Music
Axiom (band), a 1970s Australian rock band featuring Brian Cadd and Glenn Shorrock
Axiom (record label), best known for Bill Laswell releases
Axiom (Archive album), 2014
Axioms (album), an album by Asia
"Axiom", a song by British blackened death metal band Akercocke
Axiom (rapper), rapper, beatmaker and record producer
Axiom (Christian Scott album), 2020
Computers and information technology
Axiom (computer algebra system), a free, general-purpose computer algebra system
Axiom Engine, 3D computer graphics engine
AXIOM (camera), a professional grade open hardware and free software digital cinema camera
Apache Axiom, a library providing a lightweight XML object model
Other uses
Axiom, the name of the luxury starship in the film WALL-E and in the home short BURN-E
Isuzu Axiom, a sport utility vehicle produced 2001–2004
Axiom Space, a company planning to build a private space station
Axiom Research Labs, an aerospace company also known as TeamIndus
Axioms (journal), an academic journal
See also
Axiomatic (disambiguation)
Axion (disambiguation)
Acxiom (disambiguation), a marketing technology and services company |
4002943 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strathbogie%2C%20Scotland | Strathbogie, Scotland | Strathbogie is a district and valley of northwest Aberdeenshire in Scotland, formerly one of the great divisions of that shire, called lordships or thanages, comprehending the whole original estate that King Robert the Bruce gave to the noble family of Gordon, the ancestors of the Duke of Gordon. By 1836, the lordship had become extinct.
Name
Strathbogie is first documented as "Strathbolgyn", a name which incorporates the elements strath meaning "broad valley"; bolg, meaning "bag" or "belly"; and -aidh, a suffix indicating an adjective. The name therefore means "bag-shaped valley".
History
The placename Strathbogie is first attested in a version of the Pictish King Lists dated to c. 1124, describing the death of Lulach, son of Macbeth and King of Alba, at Essie in Strathbogie in 1058. Strathbogie was probably granted in the 12th century as a provincial lordship by David I to David of Strathbogie, a younger son of the Earl of Fife, but it is first documented as a defined territory in 1226. The lands listed in this document exactly match those listed as belonging to the lordship in 1600, showing that the lordship had always consisted of the nine parishes of Kinnoir, Essie, Rhynie, Dunbennan, Ruthven, Glass, Drumdelgie, Botary, and Gartly.
In 1839, the General Assembly suspended seven ministers from Strathbogie for proceeding with an induction in Marnoch in defiance of its orders. In 1841, the seven Strathbogie ministers were deposed for acknowledging the superiority of the secular court in spiritual matters. These events culminated in the Disruption of 1843.
Geography
It extends over an area of , which includes arable and uncultivated land, stretching east and west of the River Bogie, which discharges itself into the River Deveron at Huntly at the centre, which was the town of the Chief.
References
Bibliography
Districts of Scotland
Provincial lordships of Scotland |
5398524 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Haven%20High%20School | West Haven High School | West Haven High School is a secondary school located in West Haven, Connecticut, which educates students in grades 9–12. The mascot of West Haven is the Blue Devil.
Administration and Campus
As of July 1, 2009, the school principal was Pamela Gardner. Her predecessor, Ronald Stancil, Sr., served as principal for ten years. West Haven High School enrolls about 1,800 students each year even though it was only designed for 1,500, in contrast to the state average of 524.4.
The current campus opened September 1963 at 1 Circle Street (also known as McDonough Plaza). Its previous location was the Dr. Carl C. Gianotti Jr. High School on Main Street, a building now used as a residential complex. Before that, it was on the corner of Center Street and Union Avenue, a building since used as a grammar school and senior housing.
Academics
West Haven High School offers various non-core courses, including automotives, wood shop, metal shop, photography, graphic arts, drafting, video production, academics, art, and music courses. Among its notable programs are the Theater Workshop, Dr. JoAnn Andrees' Pillow Time Theatre and, in music, marching and concert bands, Bel Canto, Camerata and Concert Choir. Its chess team has won ten state championships and the school also has a successful mock trial team.
Athletics
West Haven High School athletic facilities include Ken Strong Stadium (an artificial turf football field and track), an enclosed ice skating rink, indoor gymnasium and swimming pool, tennis courts, and baseball and softball fields. The Blue Devils soccer and lacrosse teams use the Ken Strong field. West Haven High is part of the Southern Connecticut Conference, Quinnipiac Division, for athletics. In wrestling, they share a co-op team with Platt Regional Vocational Technical School, which competes in the Constitution State Conference. Visit The West Haven Athletic Hall of Fame online.
1968 Football, State Championship, Team ranked 1st in Conn. (New Haven Register Sportswriters Poll, 9-0, Class LL), 4th in the United States (National Sports News Service Poll).
1972 Football, State Championship, Team ranked 1st in Conn. (New Haven Register Sportswriters Poll, 10-0, Class LL)
1986, 1987, 1989 Football, Class L State Championships, under the leadership of Coach Ed McCarthy.
2002 Football, Class LL State Championship, also under Ed McCarthy, Team ranked 1st in Conn. (New Haven Register Sportswriters Poll, 12-0, Class LL)
2003 Football, Class LL Semifinals Winner (Lost to New Britain in the Championship)
2009 Wrestling, CSC Championship Runners-up (4-0)
1984 Baseball, Class LL State Championship. The team defeated Crosby High High School 7-4 to capture the title.
2009 Baseball, Class LL State Championship. The team defeated Brian McMahon High School 1-0 to win
Note: 1976 was the first year of CIAC football playoffs; 1968 and 1972 Championships are unofficial.
1994 Division I State Champions in Ice Hockey
1990 Division I State Champions in Ice Hockey defeating Greenwich 4-0
1988 Division I State Champions in Ice Hockey
Notable alumni
Ulish Booker, professional football player.
Art Ceccarelli, former MLB player.
Melanie Chartoff, actress and inventor
Jim Greco, professional skateboarder
Patrick Earl Hammie, contemporary visual artist
Tommy Nelson, actor
Rob Jackson, former NFL linebacker
Rob Radlosky, former MLB player
Ken Strong, professional football player, inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame in 1967.
Miscellaneous
In addition to the computer lab in the library, the school has a second computer lab, CyberCafe, inside its cafeteria where students can study (food is not allowed in the CyberCafe).
Each of the school's sporting facilities is named for an alumnus.
The school's foreign language department offers courses in Spanish, French, and Italian.
The school's slogan is "Westie Pride is on Our Side!"
After graduation, the school sponsors an all-night, substance-free celebration for the outgoing senior class, called "Blue and White...Up All Night!" and "Project Graduation", at the Jewish Community Center in Woodbridge, CT
The movie Another Earth has scenes filmed in and set at West Haven High School.
References
External links
Official page of West Haven High School
West Haven High School profile provided by schooltree.org
Official page of West Haven High School Blue Devil Marching Band
West Haven High School "Strategic School Profile 2005-2006", Connecticut Department of Education
West Haven High School Web page at Great Schools Web site
Buildings and structures in West Haven, Connecticut
Schools in New Haven County, Connecticut
Public high schools in Connecticut
Rugby league stadiums in the United States
Rugby league in Connecticut |
5398529 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Naked%20Woman | The Naked Woman | The Naked Woman: A Study of the Female Body (2004) is a book by zoologist Desmond Morris.
It describes the female body from an evolutionary point of view. It is divided in several chapters, each dedicated to a part of the body, from hair to foot. For each, Morris explains the structure and function of the part, discusses its evolution, the social importance throughout human history, and the artificial modifications and decorations employed by different cultures.
After a chapter on evolution, the following 22 chapters are dedicated respectively to: hair, brow, ears, eyes, nose, cheeks, lips, mouth, neck, shoulders, arms, hands, breasts, waist, hips, belly, back, pubic hair, genitals, buttocks, legs, and feet.
External links
'The Naked Woman': Highly Intelligent Design
High voices and plump lips
Breasts, bottoms and so forth
2004 books
Books by Desmond Morris |
4002947 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leopold%20Engleitner | Leopold Engleitner | Leopold Engleitner (23 July 1905 – 21 April 2013) was an Austrian conscientious objector, as one of Jehovah's Witnesses, and a concentration camp survivor who spoke publicly and with students about his experiences. He was the subject of the documentary Unbroken Will. Before his death Engleitner was the world's oldest known male concentration camp survivor (held in Buchenwald, Niederhagen and Ravensbrück), and the oldest male Austrian.
Imprisonment
Born in Aigen-Voglhub, Austria, Engleiter grew up in the imperial city of Bad Ischl. He studied the Bible intensively in the 1930s and was baptised as a Jehovah's Witness in 1932. In the period up to World War II he faced religious intolerance, even persecution, from his immediate neighbourhood and the Austrian authorities, first by the fascist regime of Dollfuss and then under Nazi Germany.
Spring 1934: 48 hours in Bad Ischl prison
Winter 1934/35: 48 hours in Bad Ischl prison
5 January 1936 – 30 March 1936: imprisonment in St. Gilgen and Salzburg
19 September 1937 – 14 October 1937: detained in Bad Aussee prison
When Adolf Hitler occupied Austria in 1938, Leopold Engleitner's religion, ideologies and conscientious objection to serving in the Army brought him into conflict with the Nazis.
On 4 April 1939 he was arrested in Bad Ischl by the Gestapo and detained in Linz and Wels. From 9 October 1939 to 15 July 1943 he was held in the concentration camps Buchenwald, Niederhagen and Ravensbrueck. In Niederhagen he rejected a proposal to renounce his beliefs in return for his release. Despite brutal and inhumane treatment, his will – to stand for fair principles and to refuse military service – was unbroken.
In July 1943 – weighing only – he was released on condition of his acceptance of lifelong slave labour on a farm.
After returning home he worked on a farm in St. Wolfgang. On 17 April 1945, three weeks before the war ended, he received notice to enlist in the German army. He fled to the mountains of Salzkammergut, and hid in an alpine cabin and a cave, hunted by the Nazis but never found.
On 5 May 1945 Engleitner was able to return home and resume work on the farm as a slave labourer. When in 1946 he tried to leave the farm, his request was rejected by the labour bureau of Bad Ischl, on the argument that the slave labour duty imposed by the Nazi occupation was still valid. Only after intervention of the US occupying power was he released from the duty in April 1946.
4 April 1939 – 5 October 1939: prisons in Bad Ischl, Linz and Wels
5 October 1939 – 9 October 1939: deportation to concentration camp (prisons in Salzburg and Munich)
9 October 1939 – 7 March 1941: Buchenwald concentration camp
7 March 1941 – April 1943: Niederhagen concentration camp in Wewelsburg
April 1943 – 15 July 1943: Ravensbrück concentration camp
22 July 1943 – 10 April 1945: forced labour on a farm
17 April 1945 – 5 May 1945: call-up to the German army; flight to the mountains
Rehabilitation and recognition
In the years after the war Engleitner continued facing isolation and intolerance, and only after the author and film producer Bernhard Rammerstorfer documented his life in 1999 in the book and documentary film Nein statt Ja und Amen, did the larger public become aware of him. Engleitner and Rammerstorfer held lectures at universities, schools and memorials in Germany, Italy, Austria, Switzerland and the United States.
Though already far advanced in years, between 1999 and 2012 Engleitner travelled with his biographer and friend Bernhard Rammerstorfer more than 95,000 miles across Europe and the USA, to schools, memorial sites, and universities, as a witness of history to ensure the past was not forgotten, and he became a model of tolerance and peace.
Once a persecuted concentration camp labourer and outlawed conscientious objector, he was honoured in May 2007 by the Republic of Austria and the Federal Republic of Germany for his courageous stand during the Nazi regime and for his tremendous awareness-raising activities with:
The Golden Order of Merit of the Republic of Austria from Austrian President Dr. Heinz Fischer
The Cross of Merit on ribbon of the Federal Republic of Germany (Knight's Cross) from German President Dr. Horst Köhler
In 2003 he was awarded the "Silver Order of Merit of the Province of Upper Austria" by the Upper Austrian governor, Josef Pühringer.
In 2006 he was awarded the Elfriede Grünberg Prize by Antifa, an anti-Fascist initiative in Austria.
In 2008 Engleitner was presented with the "Ring of Honour of the Town of Bad Ischl" by the municipal authorities in Bad Ischl, the town where he grew up.
In 2009 he received the "Badge of Honour of the Town of St. Wolfgang" from his home municipality, St. Wolfgang.
Books, films and documentaries
In 2004 the book and the film Nein statt Ja und Amen were translated into an English version called Unbroken Will, and were presented in the USA by a tour including the United States Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington, DC, Columbia University in New York and the Simon Wiesenthal Center in Los Angeles.
In 2006 Engleitner and Rammerstorfer made a second tour through the United States. They gave lectures in Washington, DC, (at Georgetown University and Library of Congress), New York (at Columbia University), Chicago (at Harold Washington College), Skokie (for the Holocaust Memorial Foundation of Illinois), Palo Alto, in the San Francisco Bay area (Stanford University) and Los Angeles (at the Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust).
Locations of their third, 2009, US speaking tour were: Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts; Florida Holocaust Museum, St. Petersburg, Florida; Palladium Theater at St. Petersburg College, Florida; Los Angeles Museum of the Holocaust, California; University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA); Moorpark College, California; and the Ronald Reagan Presidential Library, California.
In 2005 Rammerstorfer released a new German biography and DVD Nein statt Ja und Amen – 100 Jahre ungebrochener Wille. The book also contains a short biography of the German conscientious objector Joachim Escher: Escher was detained between 1937 and 1945 in several prisons and the concentration camps Sachsenhausen, Niederhagen and Buchenwald; in Buchenwald he was servant to the former French government members Georges Mandel and Léon Blum, whom the Germans kept as hostages.
The French version of the book entitled Une volonté de fer was released in 2007.
In 2008 Rammerstorfer released a new version of the German book, entitled "Ungebrochener Wille", which Engleitner and Rammerstorfer presented at the Frankfurt Book Fair during 2008, 2009 and 2011. In 2009 the new English book Unbroken Will: The Extraordinary Courage of an Ordinary Man-The Story of Nazi Concentration Camp Survivor Leopold Engleitner, born 1905 based on the latest German version was released at Harvard University. The Austrian president, Heinz Fischer, described in his foreword to the book that it is "a milestone in correspondence about the horror of Nazism." Brewster Chamberlin, director of archives at the US Holocaust Memorial Museum in Washington DC from 1986 to 1997, wrote a preface.
Further prefaces were written by the founder of the Austrian Holocaust Memorial Service, Andreas Maislinger, Franz Jägerstätter and Leopold Engleitner, and Walter Manoschek, from the University of Vienna, "No more War!"
In May 2009 the songwriters Mark David Smith and Rex Salas from California wrote the song "Unbroken Will" for Leopold Engleitner. On 22 May 2009 Leopold Engleitner was presented with the song during an event at Moorpark College. The singer Phillip Ingram interprets "Unbroken Will". The song is available for download on the website www.unbrokenwill.com as well as the lyrics.
The Russian translation of the book Unbroken Will (Несломленная воля) was released in Russia in 2009. Engleitner and Rammerstorfer presented the book in Moscow at the Central Journalist House and at the book store "BIBLIO-GLOBUS" in September 2009.
In 2012 Bernhard Rammerstorfer produced with A. Ferenc Gutai the multi-award winning documentary film "LADDER in the LIONS' DEN – Freedom Is a Choice, Nazi Concentration Camp Survivor Leopold Engleitner: A 107-Year-Old Eyewitness Tells His Story." The USA premiere took place at Laemmle's Town Center 5 Theatre in Encino, Los Angeles County, in November 2012 with Leopold Engleitner present. The German version, "LEITER in der LÖWENGRUBE", was released in Austria in March 2013. In April 2013 the film was awarded "Best Documentary Short" by the Fallbrook International Film Festival 2013, of Fallbrook, California, and "Best Short Documentary" by the Rincòn International Film Festival 2013, of Rincòn, Puerto Rico.
Engleitner is the subject of Rammerstorfer's educational DVD Unbroken Will. which contains the full documentary plus films of special events relating to Engleitner's awareness-raising activities from 1999 to 2004, as well as material on the Holocaust for use in schools in English, German, Italian, and Spanish.
In 2006 Rammerstorfer produced the documentary Unbroken Will Captivates the United States, relating to the 2004 US tour. which was premiered at the Laemmle's Music Hall 3 Theatre in Beverly Hills, Los Angeles.
Rammerstorfer also produced the documentary Unbroken Will USA Tour, relating to the 2006 US tour, which was premiered in the USA at the Laemmle's Sunset 5 Theatre, West Hollywood, in 2009.
The 2016 award-winning documentary "TAKING THE STAND" also features Engleitner.
References
Sources
Book Unbroken Will: The Extraordinary Courage of an Ordinary Man-The Story of Nazi Concentration Camp Survivor Leopold Engleitner, born 1905 (Austria, 2009)
Educational DVD Unbroken Will (USA, 2004)
DVD Unbroken Will Captivates the United States (USA, 2006)
DVD Unbroken Will USA Tour (USA, 2009)
"Persecution and Resistance of Jehovah's Witnesses During the Nazi Regime: 1933–1945" by Hans Hesse, Edition Temmen, 2003, ,
"Though Weak, I Am Powerful" as told by Leopold Engleitner, The Watchtower, May 1, 2005, page 23-28
"For Jehovah in the concentration camp – Engleitner", DiePresse.com, 8 May 2010, online, in German
"107-Year-Old Holocaust Survivor Dies", Encino-Tarzana Patch, May 8, 2013,
External links
Web site of Leopold Engleitner
Austrian Jehovah's Witnesses
Austrian centenarians
Men centenarians
1905 births
2013 deaths
Austrian conscientious objectors
Austrian Christian pacifists
Buchenwald concentration camp survivors
Ravensbrück concentration camp survivors
Niederhagen concentration camp survivors
Recipients of the Cross of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from Salzburg-Umgebung District
People from Bad Ischl
Converts to Jehovah's Witnesses |
4002952 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Icebreaker%20%28band%29 | Icebreaker (band) | Icebreaker is a UK-based new music ensemble founded by James Poke and John Godfrey. They interpret new music, specialising in a post-minimal and "totalist" repertoire. Icebreaker always play amplified and have a reputation for playing, by classical standards, "seriously loud". They have expanded their repertoire to include non-classical material, particularly in their version of the Brian Eno album Apollo, a project based on the music of Kraftwerk, and music by Scott Walker.
Biography
Founding and musical identity
Icebreaker was formed in 1989 to play at the new Dutch music festival in York. The group consists of 12 musicians, with an instrumentation that includes panpipes, saxophones, electric violin and cello, guitars, percussion, drums, accordion and keyboards as well as a sound engineer and production manager. Richard Witts who is consultant to the ensemble.
Their repertoire encompasses music by a variety of well-known composers, including Louis Andriessen, Julia Wolfe, Brian Eno, Philip Glass, Michael Gordon, Yannis Kyriakides, David Lang, Steve Martland, Michael Nyman, Steve Reich, Donnacha Dennehy, and Diderik Wagenaar. Icebreaker's unusual instrumentation gives the band's music a distinctive sound and allows the blending of contemporary classical, rock and alternative music. The instrumentation evolved from the line up of the Dutch group Hoketus, who had operated between 1977 and 1987, and served as an inspiration and model for the formation of the group. The presence of pairs of panpipes and saxophones derives from Icebreaker's performances of several works from the by now defunct Hoketus's repertoire, including the eponymous work by Louis Andriessen.
Performances
Icebreaker have made concert appearances in the UK, US and Europe, including the Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival, the Warsaw, Aarhus, Ghent, Grenoble and Budapest festivals, Sonorities in Belfast, the Baltic Gaida Festival and the NYYD Festival in Estonia, as well as a dedicated Icebreaker festival with the Wiener Musik Galerie in Vienna. In London they have appeared at Meltdown, the ICA, the Place Theatre, the South Bank, the Barbican, the Warehouse, Ocean and the Almeida, among other venues. They have appeared on two Arts Council Contemporary Music Network tours of England. United States appearances include New York City's Bang on a Can Festival, the Lincoln Center Festival, and a performance at Carnegie Hall with the American Composers' Orchestra in Stewart Wallace's The Book of Five.
Recordings
Since 2005 most of Icebreaker's albums have been released on the New York-based label Cantaloupe Music. 2005 saw the release of Cranial Pavement, including music by John Godfrey, Richard Craig, Yannis Kyriakides and Conlon Nancarrow, as well as the worldwide release of the new version of Michael Gordon's Trance. This 52-minute work was originally released on Argo in 1996 and has been completely re-worked and re-mixed for the Cantaloupe version.
Icebreaker's first album Terminal Velocity (music by Andriessen, Gordon, Lang, Gavin Bryars and Damian LeGassick), also originally on Argo, has also been produced in a remastered version for Cantaloupe.
In 2007 Icebreaker's version of Philip Glass's Music with Changing Parts was released on Glass's own label Orange Mountain Music.
Other albums include Rogue's Gallery (NewTone), with works by Andriessen, Lang, Godfrey, Michael Torke and Steve Martland; a portrait of Diderik Wagenaar (Composers' Voice) and Extraction (between the lines), containing music by LeGassick and Gordon McPherson plus a remix by Mel. Contributions to compilation albums include works by Graham Fitkin (Argo), Steve Martland and John Godfrey (Century XXI A – M / NewTone).
Icebreaker's recording of Apollo, their recent project based on the Brian Eno album Apollo: Atmospheres & Soundtracks, was released in June 2012 on the Cantaloupe. It was re-released on the Firebrand label on 18 July 2019, to coincide with Icebreaker's performance of the work at Matera European City of Culture, where Roger Eno made a guest appearance on piano.
In late 2020, Icebreaker announced a project to release a digital track every month for the whole of 2021, marking their first new releases since 2012. The project started with re-releases of the three tracks previously on compilation albums, by Fitkin, Martland and Godfrey, followed by releases of newer material recorded in recent live performances, culminating in a release of Philip Glass's Rubric in December 2021.
Work with dance
Tanzwerk Nürnberg, West Australian Ballet and the Pacific Northwest Ballet of Seattle have used Icebreaker's recordings for performances. In June 1998, Ashley Page created Cheating, Lying, Stealing, featuring Icebreaker as guest performers, for The Royal Ballet at Sadler's Wells, a programme which was revived in September/October 2003 and again in April 2009 for Scottish Ballet. AtaXia, a collaboration with Wayne McGregor's company Random Dance, based on Trance, premiered in Sadler's Wells, London in June 2004 with further performances in Amsterdam and New York.
Multimedia work
The 2003/4 season saw a major multimedia collaboration with the renowned Dutch ensemble Orkest de Volharding, and singer Cristina Zavalloni, entitled Big Noise. The project, consisting of four new commissions from leading composers from Britain and the Netherlands (Yannis Kyriakides, Diderik Wagenaar, Joe Cutler and Cornelis de Bondt, each working in conjunction with a video artist (HC Gilje, Hexstatic, Jaap Drupsteen and Thomas Hadley respectively), toured major venues in the UK and the Netherlands.
Other projects have included a further performance of The Book of Five with the Bochum Symphony Orchestra in Germany, recording the music to the independent American film Book of Love, and further work with film.
Educational work
They have been resident ensemble at the Dartington International Summer School for the advanced composition course led by Louis Andriessen, and have held composition workshops for the SPNM in Bangor and Belfast as well as additional workshops in New York and London. In June 2005 they took part in the Popular Music course at Goldsmiths College in association with John Paul Jones. In April 2009 they performed four new student commissions for the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland (RSAMD) in Glasgow.
Internet radio show
Since 2006 Icebreaker have had a monthly show on Brighton-based totallyradio.com, including interviews with composers and playing a wide range of music in mixed and contrasting genres.
Recent work
In 2005 Icebreaker were invited to revive Philip Glass's epic 1970 work Music with Changing Parts, which had remained unperformed since the early 1980s. Icebreaker's recording of the piece, based on material recorded live at Dartington College of Arts, was released in spring 2007 on the Orange Mountain Music label.
In 2009 Icebreaker played further performances of Cheating, Lying, Stealing with Scottish Ballet, and appeared at the Huddersfield Contemporary Music Festival in two concerts celebrating Louis Andriessen's 70th birthday.
Collaboration with London's Science Museum
In July 2009 Icebreaker, with guest B. J. Cole on pedal steel guitar, premiered a new arrangement (by Woojun Lee) of Brian Eno's Apollo album, consisting of music by Brian Eno, Roger Eno and Daniel Lanois, at the IMAX cinema at London's Science Museum, alongside Al Reinert's film For All Mankind, for which the music was originally written. An expanded version of the arrangement received further performances at the Brighton Festival in May 2010, before touring later in the year. The album of the music was released in June 2012.
2014 saw the launch of the band's Kraftwerk Uncovered project. Going under the full title Kraftwerk Uncovered: A Future Past, the live show consists of reworkings and re-imaginings of Kraftwerk's music by German electronic artist J. Peter Schwalm, with a film by Schwalm's long-term video collaborator Sophie Clements, working with Toby Cornish. The project was another collaboration with the Science Museum, and received its first performance at the museum's IMAX cinema in January 2014, before touring around the UK and Ireland.
As of spring 2021 Icebreaker are in discussions with the Science Museum on a further collaborative project, which it is hoped will be unveiled in summer 2022.
Other projects
2014/15 also featured the Recycled Project, featuring new works by Ed Bennett, Roy Carroll, Paul Whitty, Craig Vear, Linda Buckley and a new arrangement of a piece by Julia Wolfe. with performances in Canterbury, Oxford, Birmingham and Guildford.
2016 saw the launch of their live version of Scott Walker's Epizootics, arranged by Audrey Riley. Scott Walker has not performed live for decades, but gave permission for this new version of his work, which featured Walker's recorded voice in conjunction with live performance and video, and was premiered at Milton Court at the Barbican, London, in November 2016.
2017/18 has featured the System Restart project, featuring music by six women composers, Anna Meredith, Jobina Tinnemans, Elizabeth Kelly, Kerry Andrew, Linda Buckley and Kate Moore, which has toured in the UK and the Netherlands. Kate Moore's work for the project won the prestigious Matthijs Vermeulen Award, the first time in its 45-year existence that it has been won by a woman.
Apollo revisited
In the summer of 2019, Icebreaker played further performances of Apollo to coincide with the 50th anniversary of the moon landings (and the re-release of the Apollo album), the first of which, at Matera in Italy, one of the European Cities of Culture 2019, featured a guest appearance by Roger Eno. Further performances took place at the Barbican Centre in London and other venues in the UK, Ireland and the Czech Republic.
Kate Moore was commissioned by Icebreaker in conjunction with the European Space Agency to write a new space-themed piece for performance at ESTEC, supported by Dutch state funding body Fonds PodiumKunsten, in conjunction with further performances of Apollo and Epizootics. The piece, entitled Magenta Magnetic, was premiered at the Baltic Gaida Festival in Vilnius in October 2019, but further performances were postponed as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Critical appraisal
Early critical response
Critical response to Icebreaker has generally been positive. Their London debut in 1989 was greeted by The Guardian and The Independent in enthusiastic terms: Robert Maycock in The Independent felt that "there is plenty of material here for British audiences to catch up with and Icebreaker have what it takes to deliver it," whilst Meirion Bowen wrote in The Guardian that "Icebreaker deserve an enthusiastic following." Some more conservative critics have had more problems with the group and its musical direction: Nicholas Kenyon, then a music critic at The Observer, subsequently director of London's Proms, described Icebreaker's music as "unbelievably banal" and Michael Dervan, writing in The Irish Times, described it as "music for the aurally challenged ... or the braindead" and "ideal for the deaf and stoned".
Volume
A number of critics have had difficulty with the very loud volumes of Icebreaker's concerts, which, whilst not excessively loud by rock standards, have challenged the ears of more classical critics. Keith Potter, a critic who has often praised Icebreaker's work ("Icebreaker's performers ... play with a passionate commitment as well as the requisite and highly demanding rhythmic precision",) nevertheless complained of the high volume of Icebreaker's 1996 concert at London's Queen Elizabeth Hall: "This concert ... was loud. Seriously loud. It was also designed ... to 'ramp up the audience's visual input to an equal energy level' to that of the sound. ... I found all this rather too much to take." For Brian Hunt, writing in The Daily Telegraph, an April 1995 Icebreaker concert was "too loud and not short enough." Others have been more enthusiastic: for Christopher Lambton, in The Guardian, a 2003 concert was "loud and all-enveloping, offering an experience closer to a rock concert: Icebreaker... creates the blueprint for live contemporary music."
Releases
Icebreaker's albums have met with a very positive response. Terminal Velocity was described by Joshua Kosman in the San Francisco Chronicle as an "electrifying new disc ... superb" and it was described by the American Record Guide as "a stimulating, well-filled disc". Trance was also well-received, particularly in its remastered version: the BBC Music Magazine referred to its "furious precision", whilst Gramophone described parts of it as "genuinely mesmeric".
Responses to Music with Changing Parts included a 4-star review in The Times, and an appreciative review in The Wire ("appealing ... warmth ... vividness"), although Andrew Clements was less enthusiastic in The Guardian, awarding it two stars.
T J Medrek, in the Boston Herald, wrote about Cranial Pavement and the re-released Terminal Velocity that "Icebreaker's music is not only marvelous ear candy but also work of real structure and substance, as demonstrated in two superb new discs".
Jim Farber in the New York Daily News described Apollo: Atmospheres and Soundtracks as "sumptuous"., whilst the New York Music Daily called it "mesmerizing ... brilliant", writing that Icebreaker's version "enhances the hypnotic, enveloping, raptly warm ambience of the original, giving it a more organic feel".
Further international response
Icebreaker have garnered further plaudits in the United States and Europe. For Allan Kozinn in The New York Times, the group was "unabashedly virtuosic"; Kyle Gann in The Village Voice described them as "rhythmically engrossing"; Alan Rich in Los Angeles Weekly as "amazing ... high-powered"; and Tristram Lozaw in the Boston Herald as "a harmolodic carnival of battling textures, symphonic discombobulations, and noisy innovations, all delivered with the visceral force of the best rock'n'roll".
In Europe Icebreaker have been described as "mercilessly exact" (Der Standard, Vienna); "impressive ... fascinating ... almost ecstatic" (NRC Handelsblad, Amsterdam); and "commanding ... impressive" (Niedersächsische Allgemeine).
David Bowie cited Icebreaker in an interview for the magazine Q in November 2006, stating that he "would drive a mile" to see Icebreaker play live, describing music from Cranial Pavement as phenomenal.
Members
James Poke (artistic director, flutes, panpipes, wind-synthesiser, keyboard programming)
Rowland Sutherland (flutes, panpipes, voice)
Bradley Grant (saxophones, clarinets)
Dominic Saunders (keyboards)
Andrew Zolinsky (keyboards)
Walter Fabeck (keyboards)
Karen Street (accordion, saxophones)
Emma Welton (electric violin)
Audrey Riley (electric cello, keyboards)
Dan Gresson (percussion, drums)
James Woodrow (guitar, bass guitar)
Pete Wilson (bass guitar)
Ian Mellish (production assistant)
Martyn Hall (sound engineer)
Discography
AlbumsOfficial Bootleg (ICC, 1991, live album, cassette only)Terminal Velocity (Argo, 1994)Trance (Argo, 1996)Rogue's Gallery (New Tone, 1997)Diderik Wagenaar (Composers' Voice / Donemus, 2001)Extraction (between the lines, 2001)Trance (Cantaloupe, 2004) (Remix and re-master of Argo album)Cranial Pavement (Cantaloupe, 2005)Terminal Velocity (Cantaloupe, 2005) (Re-master of Argo album)Music with Changing Parts (Orange Mountain, 2007)Apollo (Cantaloupe Music, 2012, Firebrand 2019)
Digital singles in 2021Mesh (Rookery, January 2021) (Re-master of track from Hook, Mesh, Stub, Cud)Re-mix (Rookery, February 2021) (Re-master of track from Century XXI UK A–M)S.U.S.Y.W.I.M.P.S. (Rookery, March 2021) (Re-master of track from Century XXI UK A–M)Nautilus (Rookery, April 2021)Big, Beautiful, Dark & Scary (Rookery, May 2021)Link (Rookery, June 2021)Azure (Rookery, July 2021)The, What is it? The Golden Eagle? (Rookery, August 2021)Black Origami (Rookery, September 2021)The Vapours (Rookery, October 2021)The Dam (Rookery, November 2021)Rubric (Rookery, December 2021)
Appearances on other albumsHook, Mesh, Stub, Cud (Argo, 1993)Short Cuts – Breaking the sound Barrier – An Argo Sampler (Argo, 1994)Century XXI UK A–M (New Tone, 1996)Bang on a Can plays Louis Andriessen'' (Cantaloupe)
References
External links
British experimental musical groups
Contemporary classical music ensembles
Musical groups established in 1989
21st-century classical music
British electronic music groups |
4002955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerf | Cerf | Cerf or CERF may refer to:
CERF (Central Emergency Response Fund), a United Nations fund created to aid regions threatened by disaster
Coastal and Estuarine Research Federation (CERF)
Cerf (surname)
Cerf Island, Seychelles
Cerf Island, Providence Atoll, Seychelles
, a brig (also named Cerf) captured from the French
See also
Île aux Cerfs
Les Éditions du Cerf, a French publisher |
4002979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buster%20Brown%20%28disambiguation%29 | Buster Brown (disambiguation) | Buster Brown was an early 20th-century U.S. comic strip character.
Buster Brown may also refer to:
People
Buster Brown (baseball) (1881–1914), American baseball pitcher
Buster Brown (footballer) (1910–1993), English footballer
Buster Brown (musician) (1911–1976), American blues musician
Buster Brown (Texas politician), member of Texas Senate, District 21, 1945–1949
J. E. "Buster" Brown (born 1940), Texas state senator, 1981–2002
James Sutherland Brown (1881–1951), Canadian Military Officer
Oliver Brown (footballer) (1908–1953), also known as Buster Brown, English footballer
R. M. Brown (1885–1927), American football coach
Ulysses Brown (1920–1942), American baseball catcher in the Negro leagues
Buster Brown (Canadian football) (born c. 1930), Canadian football player
Other
Buster Brown & Company, shoe company that sells Buster Brown shoes
Buster Brown (Australian band) (1973–1976), Australian rock music group
Buster Brown (band), a glam metal band from Louisville, Kentucky
Brown, Buster |
4002988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20William%20Street | King William Street | King William Street may refer to:
King William Street, Adelaide in Adelaide, South Australia
King William Street (Hamilton, Ontario) in Hamilton, Ontario
King William Street, London in London, United Kingdom
King William Street tube station, a closed London Underground station
See also
William Street (disambiguation)
King William (disambiguation) |
4002994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handk%C3%A4se | Handkäse | Handkäse (; literally: "hand cheese") is a German regional sour milk cheese (similar to Harzer) and is a culinary speciality of Frankfurt am Main, Offenbach am Main, Darmstadt, Langen, and other parts of southern Hesse. It gets its name from the traditional way of producing it: forming it with one's own hands.
It is a small, translucent, yellow cheese with a pungent aroma that some people may find unpleasant. It is sometimes square, but more often round in shape.
Often served as an appetizer or as a snack with Apfelwein (Ebbelwoi or cider), it is traditionally topped with chopped or sliced onions, locally known as "Handkäse mit Musik" (literally: hand cheese with music). It is usually eaten with caraway on it, but since many people in Germany do not like this spice, in many areas it is served on the side. Some Hessians say that it is a sign of the quality of the establishment when caraway is in a separate dispenser. As a sign of this, many restaurants have, in addition to the salt and pepper, a little pot for caraway seeds.
Strangers to this custom probably ask where the Musik is. They most likely are told, Die Musik kommt später, i.e. the music "comes later". This is a euphemism for the flatulence that the raw onions can provide during digestion. A more polite, but less likely explanation for the Musik is that the flasks of vinegar and oil customarily provided with the cheese would strike a musical note when they hit each other. Yet another theory as to the origin of this name is that it was coined because during the marinating process, the resulting gases rising up through the vinegar-oil mixture often produce a noticeable bubbling noise. Handkäse is popular among dieters and some health food devotees. It is also popular among bodybuilders, runners, and weightlifters for its high content of protein while being relatively low in fat.
Serving
While Apfelwein is traditionally served with Handkäse, white wine, usually dry, is also preferred in some areas, such as Rheinhessen.
See also
German cuisine
List of German cheeses
List of cheeses
References
German cheeses
Cow's-milk cheeses
Culture in Frankfurt
Offenbach am Main
Hessian cuisine
German products with protected designation of origin |
4003020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun-1 | Sun-1 | Sun-1 was the first generation of UNIX computer workstations and servers produced by Sun Microsystems, launched in May 1982. These were based on a CPU board designed by Andy Bechtolsheim while he was a graduate student at Stanford University and funded by DARPA. The Sun-1 systems ran SunOS 0.9, a port of UniSoft's UniPlus V7 port of Seventh Edition UNIX to the Motorola 68000 microprocessor, with no window system. Early Sun-1 workstations and servers used the original Sun logo, a series of red "U"s laid out in a square, rather than the more familiar purple diamond shape used later.
The first Sun-1 workstation was sold to Solo Systems in May 1982. The Sun-1/100 was used in the original Lucasfilm EditDroid non-linear editing system.
Models
Hardware
The Sun-1 workstation was based on the Stanford University SUN workstation designed by Andy Bechtolsheim (advised by Vaughan Pratt and Forest Baskett), a graduate student and co-founder of Sun Microsystems. At the heart of this design were the Multibus CPU, memory, and video display cards. The cards used in the Sun-1 workstation were a second-generation design with a private memory bus allowing memory to be expanded to 2 MB without performance degradation.
The Sun 68000 board introduced in 1982 was a powerful single-board computer. It combined a 10 MHz Motorola 68000 microprocessor, a Sun designed memory management unit (MMU), 256 KB of zero wait state memory with parity, up to 32 KB of EPROM memory, two serial ports, a 16-bit parallel port and an Intel Multibus (IEEE 796 bus) interface in a single , Multibus form factor.
By using the Motorola 68000 processor tightly coupled with the Sun-1 MMU the Sun 68000 CPU board was able to support a multi-tasking operating system such as UNIX. It included an advanced Sun designed multi-process two-level memory management unit with facilities for memory protection, code sharing and demand paging of memory. The Sun-1 MMU was necessary because the Motorola 68451 MMU did not always work correctly with the 68000 and could not always restore the processor state after a page fault.
The CPU board included 256 KB of memory which could be replaced or augmented with two additional memory cards for a total of 2 MB. Although the memory cards used the Multibus form factor, they only used the Multibus interface for power; all memory access was via the smaller private P2 bus. This was a synchronous private memory bus that allowed for simultaneous memory input/output transfers. It also allowed for full performance zero wait state operation of the memory. When installing the first 1 MB expansion board either the 256 Kb of memory on the CPU board or the first 256 KB on the expansion board had to be disabled.
On-board I/O included a dual serial port UART and a 16-bit parallel port. The serial ports were implemented with an Intel 8274 UART and later with a NEC D7201C UART. Serial port A was wired as a data communications equipment (DCE) port and had full modem control. It was also the console port if no graphical display was installed in the system. Serial port B was wired as a data terminal equipment (DTE) port and had no modem control. Both serial ports could also be used as terminal ports allowing three people to use one workstation, although two did not have graphical displays. The 16-bit parallel port was a special-purpose port for connecting 8-bit parallel port keyboard and 8-bit parallel port optical mouse for workstations with graphical displays. The parallel port was never used as a general purpose parallel printer port.
The CPU board included a fully compatible Multibus (IEEE 796 bus). It was an asynchronous bus that accommodated devices with various transfer rates while maintaining maximum throughput. It had 20 address lines so it could address up to 1 MB of Multibus memory and 1 MB of I/O locations although most I/O devices only decoded the first 64 KB of address space. The Sun CPU board fully supported multi-master functionality that allowed it to share the Multibus with other DMA devices.
The keyboard was a Micro Switch 103SD30-2, or a KeyTronic P2441 for the German market. The memory-mapped, bit-mapped frame buffer (graphics) board had a resolution of 1024×1024 pixels, but only 1024×800 was displayed on the monitor. The graphics board included hardware to accelerate raster operations. A Ball model HD17H 17-inch video display monitor was used. An Ethernet board was available, originally implementing the 3 Mbit/s Xerox PARC Ethernet specification, which was later upgraded to the 3Com 10 Mbit/s version. An Interphase SMD 2180 disk controller could be installed to connect up to four Fujitsu 84 MB M2313K or CDC 16.7 MB (8.35 MB fixed, 8.35 MB removable) 9455 Lark drives. All of the boards were installed in a 6 or 7-slot Multibus card cage.
Later documentation shows that a 13- or 19-inch color display was available. The color frame buffer had a resolution of 640×512 pixels, with 640×480 displayed on the monitor. The board could display 256 colors from a palette of 16 million. ½-inch 9-track reel-to-reel tape drives and QIC-02 ¼-inch cartridge tape drives were also added to the offering.
There was also a second generation Sun-1 CPU board referred to as the Sun-1.5 CPU board.
Sun-1 systems upgraded with Sun-2 Multibus CPU boards were identified with a U suffix to their model number.
References
Bibliography
External links
Sun Microsystems
The Sun Hardware Reference, Part 1
Online Sun Information Archive Sun-1 page
Sun Field Engineer Handbook, 20th edition
Pictures of a Sun1/100U
Sun-1 display at Stanford University's Gates Information Science
Sun-1 board images and manual PDFs
Sun 1 manuals at bitsavers.org
DARPA
Sun Microsystems
Sun servers
Sun workstations
68k architecture
Computer-related introductions in 1982
32-bit computers |
4003041 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Wentworth | Fort Wentworth | Fort Wentworth was built by order of Benning Wentworth in 1755. The fort was built at the junction of the Upper Ammonoosuc River and Connecticut River, in Northumberland, New Hampshire, by soldiers of Colonel Joseph Blanchard's New Hampshire Provincial Regiment including Robert Rogers. In 1759, Rogers' Rangers returned here hoping for resupply after their raid on St. Francis, Quebec, but the fort had no garrison and no supplies. Rogers had to travel down the Connecticut River to Fort at Number 4 for reinforcements and supplies for his hungry men.
During the American Revolutionary War, Jeremiah Eames' Company of rangers garrisoned and repaired the unused fort from 1776–1778 in order to protect northern New Hampshire from attack from the British nearby in Canada. Other units of New Hampshire Militia also formed part of the garrison until the end of the war in 1783.
A stone monument stands near the village of Groveton on U.S. Route 3 near the site of the fort.
External links
Forts in New Hampshire
Colonial forts in New Hampshire
Fort Wentworth
French and Indian War forts
American Revolutionary War forts
Fort Wentworth
British forts in the United States
1755 establishments in New Hampshire |
4003049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat%20Inn | Peat Inn | Peat Inn is a hamlet in Fife, Scotland, around southeast of Cupar on the B940 and southwest of St Andrews, in the Riggin o Fife. The hamlet is centred on a hotel and restaurant of the same name.
External links
its entry in the Gazetteer for Scotland
Hamlets in Fife |
4003053 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Younane | Paul Younane | Paul Younane (born 8 February 1960) is an Australian former rugby league footballer for the Parramatta Eels and the Penrith Panthers in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition. He also played for Warrington in the Rugby Football League.
Rugby Player
Point scoring summary
Matches played
References
1960 births
Australian rugby league players
Living people
Parramatta Eels players
Penrith Panthers players
Warrington Wolves players
Rugby league centres
Place of birth missing (living people) |
4003055 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Brightman%2C%20Baron%20Brightman | John Brightman, Baron Brightman | John Anson Brightman, Baron Brightman, PC (20 June 1911 – 6 February 2006) was a British barrister and judge who served as a law lord between 1982 and 1986.
Early life and career
Brightman was born in Sandridge, Hertfordshire, the son of William Henry Brightman, a solicitor, and of Minnie Boston Brightman, née Way. He was educated at Doon House School in Kent, Marlborough College, and St John's College, Cambridge, where he read law. He was called to the bar at Lincoln's Inn in 1932. He then joined the chambers of Fergus Morton, later a law lord, and practised at the Chancery bar.
During World War II, he volunteered as an able seaman in the Merchant Navy from 1939 to 1940, then was commissioned into the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve, serving on convoy in the Atlantic and the Mediterranean. In 1944, he attended the Royal Naval staff course at Greenwich, and was promoted to lieutenant commander to become assistant naval attaché in Ankara. He returned to the bar in 1946, mainly practising trusts and taxation law, and took silk in 1961. He was appointed Attorney General of the Duchy of Lancaster, but relinquished the post on his appointment to the bench in 1970.
While at the bar, Brightman was pupil master to Margaret Thatcher, who was his first female pupil.
Judicial career
Brightman was appointed a High Court judge in 1970 and assigned to the Chancery Division, receiving the customary knighthood. In 1971, he joined John Donaldson, Baron Donaldson and Lord Thomson as the three judges of the National Industrial Relations Court (NIRC), set up by the government of Edward Heath to reign in the power of the trades unions.
In 1972, he decided that Bobby Moore and Geoff Hurst need not pay income tax on bonuses and cash gifts received following the victory of the England football team in the 1966 World Cup.
In 1974, while still a High Court judge, he refused Anton Piller KG the court order that it requested to search the premises of a defendant to prevent the defendant from destroying potential evidence. He was overruled by Lord Denning's Court of Appeal, giving rise to the Anton Piller order that remains in use today.
Like his colleague on the NIRC, John Donaldson, Brightman had to wait until shortly after Thatcher won the 1979 general election in 1979 to be appointed as Lord Justice of Appeal. Brightman became a Lord of Appeal in Ordinary and life peer, sitting in the House of Lords as Baron Brightman, of Ibthorpe in the County of Hampshire, from 12 March 1982, the same year that Donaldson was promoted to become Master of the Rolls.
One of Brightman's first judgments, in 1983, was to decide that Ann Mallalieu (later Baroness Mallalieu) was not entitled to a tax deduction for the cost of her court dress.
He also ruled against the taxpayer in the case of Furniss v. Dawson; upheld the manslaughter verdict in R v Hancock and Shankland, the case of a taxi driver killed during the 1984 miners' strike, modifying the test of intent required for a conviction of murder; and joined the judgment that refused to grant the government an order banning on newspaper articles about Spycatcher on 11 March 19
Personal life
He married Roxane Ambatielo in 1945 and had one son.
References
Obituary (The Telegraph, 8 February 2006)
Announcement of his death at the House of Lords House of Lords minutes of proceedings, 8 February 2006
1911 births
2006 deaths
Law lords
Knights Bachelor
English barristers
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom
People educated at Marlborough College
Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve personnel of World War II
Chancery Division judges
Members of the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Attorneys-General of the Duchy of Lancaster
British Merchant Navy personnel of World War II
Lords Justices of Appeal
20th-century English lawyers |
4003061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Old%20Reliable | The Old Reliable | The Old Reliable is a novel by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United Kingdom on 18 April 1951 by Herbert Jenkins, London and in the United States on 11 October 1951 by Doubleday & Co, New York. The novel was serialised in Collier's magazine from 24 June to 22 July 1950, under the title Phipps to the Rescue.
The story is set in Hollywood, and follows the romantic and financial difficulties of various film stars, writers, movie moguls, butlers and safe-crackers.
Plot
Former actress Adela Cork owns the Beverly Hills property known as the Carmen Flores place, after the famous and tempestuous Mexican actress who previously owned the house. Flores was killed in a plane crash the previous year. The will of Adela's late wealthy husband Alfred says Adela should support his impecunious brother Smedley, though she merely lets him live in her house. Smedley dislikes living with Adela, who makes him drink yoghurt instead of cocktails. Adela's sister Bill, a former scriptwriter, is ghostwriting Adela's memoirs. Adela's impeccable butler Phipps is nervous that Bill, who was part of the jury that sentenced him to prison for safecracking a few years ago, will tell Adela about his past which he has kept secret, but she promises not to tell. Smedley hopes to find the late Carmen Flores's diary. He believes she wrote about her affairs with men who would pay to have it suppressed. Bill thinks Smedley needs looking after and wants to marry him, but Smedley has doubts about marriage.
In New York, Joe Davenport, Bill's former co-worker, asks Bill's niece Kay Shannon in a joking way if she will marry him. Kay likes him but turns him down because she thinks he is not serious. They both separately go to California. Bill suggests to Joe that they buy her literary agent's business for twenty thousand dollars. Bill wants Joe to fund the purchase, since he won a radio jackpot, but he explains that he has nearly spent all his winnings. Joe later meets Smedley, who looks rich, and gives him a car ride hoping for money. Adela has invited Kay and the rich Lord Topham to her house, hoping they will marry. Adela gives Phipps notice for looking around in her bedroom against her orders. He tells Bill that he was looking for the valuable diary of the late Carmen Flores, and has not found it. Joe comes to the house, having been invited by Smedley while they were out drinking. Smedley was celebrating because he found the diary, which is written in Spanish, on top of Adela's wardrobe. He has been offered fifty thousand dollars for it. By pretending to help translate it, Adela tricks Smedley into giving her the diary.
Bill reveals to Smedley, Kay, and Joe that Phipps is a safecracker, and suggests that he get the diary from Adela's safe. Phipps's cut will be five thousand dollars. He agrees. Late that night, they assemble to steal the diary. However, Phipps has been hired by movie mogul Jacob Glutz to play butler roles, and is unwilling to risk being caught burgling. Bill comes up with the idea to give Phipps strong drinks and taunt him into burgling the safe by suggesting he has lost his skill. Phipps becomes drunk and remarkably less formal, then goes to break open the safe after being taunted by Bill. Kay tells Bill that she loves Joe but thinks his proposals are too flippant, though Bill thinks he is just shy. Phipps fails to focus on his task and argues in a disjointed way with Smedley and Joe before falling asleep. Joe tells Bill he is too shy to propose to Kay seriously. Bill knocks Joe out with her only Mickey Finn drug, planning to make Kay sympathetic to him. Bill wakes up Phipps, who does not remember anything from when he was drunk. She claims Phipps knocked out Joe. Kay sees Joe unconscious and instantly goes to his side, as Bill planned. Joe recovers, and is happily surprised that Kay returns his feelings. Phipps apologizes and works on the safe. Smedley inadvertently makes noise and wakes up Adela.
Adela investigates but is stopped by Bill, who stalls by talking to Lord Topham. Topham loves Gladys "Toots" Fauntleroy, but they had an argument about her new hat. He sent a cable to England apologizing and awaits her reply. A sergeant and patrolman arrive, having been telephoned by Adela. Bill again stalls by talking to the policeman about their ambition to become actors. Bill keeps them occupied long enough for Phipps to finish his task and dismiss the policemen. However, Phipps refuses to give Smedley the diary and keeps it. Topham learns that Toots loves him still, making him very amenable, but he cannot lend Bill the money she needs for the literary agency because he can't spend his money out of England. Adela thinks Bill took the diary and telephones the police again. Bill convinces Phipps to give the diary to Smedley by pointing out that Phipps will be in trouble if the police find it. She also convinces Adela that Smedley could sue her for losing a diary he had an offer for, which would bring her bad publicity. She persuades Adela to pay him off with thirty thousand dollars, with a check made out to Bill. The two policemen return and are cheerful, having been hired as background actors. Later, Phipps says that the book he gave to Smedley was not actually the diary, and is not even in Spanish. Smedley protests that it is in Spanish and gives it to Phipps to show him, but Phipps takes it and drives off. Bill is amazed that Smedley has again been tricked out of the diary, and wants to look after him. She asks him to marry her and he agrees.
Characters
Wilhelmina "Bill" Shannon – Genial writer in her early 40s who is ghostwriting Adela's memoirs and loves Smedley, known as "The Old Reliable" for her ability to come up with schemes to solve problems
Adela Shannon Cork – Former silent film star known as the "Empress of Stormy Emotion", formidable widow of the rich Alfred Cook and sister of Bill
Smedley Cork – Stout, impecunious brother of Adela's late husband Alfred who looks like a Roman emperor and lost his wealth investing in Broadway musicals
Joe Davenport – Writer and Bill's former co-worker who was blacklisted in Hollywood for throwing a book at Ivor Llewellyn's head, wants to marry Kay
Kay Shannon – Bill and Adela's niece who loves Joe but thinks he is not serious
James Phipps – Tall, dignified, respectful English butler who works for Adela Cork and served time in prison for burglary in New York
Lancelot, Lord Topham – Young, rich English peer staying at Adela's house who is not very intelligent and is known to his friends as "Toppy"
Sergeant Ward and Patrolman Bill Morehouse – Policemen and aspiring actors
Background
According to Richard Usborne's book Wodehouse at Work to the End, Wodehouse adapted his novel Spring Fever (1948) into a play with an American setting and characters for actor Edward Everett Horton, but Horton was unable to use the play due to other commitments, so Wodehouse turned the play into the novel The Old Reliable.
Publication history
The story was serialized in Collier's under the title Phipps to the Rescue with illustrations by Harry Beckhoff.
The first UK edition dust jacket cover was illustrated by Frank Ford. The Old Reliable was included in the Wodehouse novel collection titled Five Complete Novels, published in 1983 by Avenel Books.
Adaptations
The book was adapted as a radio drama by Felix Felton. It first aired on 4 December 1954 on the BBC Home Service. The cast included Tucker McGuire as Bill Shannon, Peggy Hassard as Kay Shannon, MacDonald Parke as Smedley Cork, Bessie Love as Adela Cork, Richard Hurndall as Phipps, Errol MacKinnon as Joe Davenport, Derek Hart as Lord Topham, John Gabriel as the police sergeant, and Brian Haines as the patrolman. The producer was John Gibson.
The Old Reliable was dramatised for television by Robert Mundy. The adaptation aired on 4 November 1988 under the title Tales from the Hollywood Hills: The Old Reliable on the US television anthology series Great Performances, with Lynn Redgrave as Wilhelmina "Bill" Shannon, Rosemary Harris as Adela Shannon, Ray Reinhardt as Alfred Cork, Joseph Maher as Smedley Cork, Paxton Whitehead as Phipps, Tom Isbell as Joe, Lori Loughlin as Kay Cork, Lou Jacobi as Jacob Glutz, and John DiSanti as the Sergeant.
References
Notes
Sources
External links
The Russian Wodehouse Society's page, with a list of characters
Novels by P. G. Wodehouse
English novels
1951 British novels
Works originally published in Collier's
Novels first published in serial form
American novels adapted into films
British novels adapted into films
Novels set in Los Angeles
Hollywood novels
Herbert Jenkins books
Doubleday (publisher) books
British comedy novels |
4003068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtownhamilton | Newtownhamilton | Newtownhamilton is a small town and civil parish in County Armagh, Northern Ireland. It lies predominantly within Tullyvallan townland. The civil parish is within the historic barony of Fews Upper. In the 2011 Census it had 2,836 inhabitants.
The village is built around two narrow main streets (Armagh Street and Dundalk Street) and a main town square (The Square). Other places include Newry Street, Castleblaney Street (known locally as 'Blaney Hill'), Church Street also known as Shambles Lane (known locally as the 'back street') and The Commons. Residential areas are Dungormley Estate, Meadowvale and the Nine Mile Road.
Name
Before the Plantation of Ulster the area of Newtownhamilton was known as Tullyvallan. This comes from the Irish Tulaigh Uí Mhealláin meaning "O' Mealláin's hillock".
The modern Irish name of Newtownhamilton is An Baile Úr, meaning "the new town"; a rarely used alternative is Baile Úr Uí Urmoltaigh ("the new town of Hamilton").
History
On 9 May 1920, during the Irish War of Independence, some 200 Irish Republican Army volunteers under Frank Aiken surrounded and attacked the Royal Irish Constabulary barracks in Newtownhamilton. After a two-hour firefight, the IRA breached the barracks wall with explosives and stormed the building. The RIC refused to surrender until the building was set alight with petrol from a potato-spraying machine.
Newtownhamilton suffered significant disruption, damage and fatalities during The Troubles from the late 1960s to the 1990s. The deadliest incident was the Tullyvallen massacre. For more information, see The Troubles in Newtownhamilton. While the British Army had a major presence in the village during the conflict, this was scaled down and eventually removed entirely following the Good Friday Agreement. In 2006 it was announced that the local police station would be upgraded to full-time status.
Education
Newtownhamilton High School
Newtownhamilton Primary School
St Michael's Primary School
Cortamlet Primary School (located outside Newtownhamilton)
Demography
2011 Census
Newtownhamilton is classified as a small town.
On Census Day (27 March 2011), in Newtownhamilton Ward, there were 2,836 people living in 956 households, giving an average household size of 2.97.
26.09% were aged under 16 years and 10.93% were aged 65 and over;
50.74% of the usually resident population were male and 49.26% were female; and
32 years was the average (median) age of the population.
99.44% were from white (including Irish Traveller) ethnic groups;
62.41% belong to or were brought up in the Catholic religion and 34.77% belong to or were brought up in a 'Protestant and Other Christian (including Christian related)' religion; and
30.18% indicated that they had a British national identity, 44.39% had an Irish national identity and 27.82% had a Northern Irish national identity. Respondents could indicate more than one national identity
Of the population aged 3 years old and over:
14.99% had some knowledge of Irish;
4.71% had some knowledge of Ulster-Scots; and
2.63% did not have English as their first language.
2001 Census
On Census day 29 April 2001, there were 648 people living in Newtownhamilton.
Civil parish of Newtownhamilton
The civil parish contains the village of Newtownhamilton.
Townlands
The civil parish contains the following townlands:
Altnamackan
Ballynarea
Camly (Ball)
Camly (Macullagh)
Carrickacullion
Carrickrovaddy (also known as Dorsy (Macdonald))
Dorsy (Hearty)
Dorsy (Macdonald) (also known as Carrickrovaddy)
Dorsy (Mullaghglass)
Drumaltnamuck
Kiltybane (also known as Lisleitrim)
Lisleitrim (also known as Kiltybane)
Mullaghduff
Roxborough
Skerriff (Tichburn)
Skerriff (Trueman)
Tullyogallaghan
Tullyvallan
Tullyvallan (Hamilton) East
Tullyvallan (Hamilton) West
Tullyvallan (Macullagh)
Tullyvallan (Tipping) East
Tullyvallan (Tipping) West
Ummerinvore
See also
List of towns and villages in Northern Ireland
List of civil parishes of County Armagh
References
Sources
Culture Northern Ireland
Villages in County Armagh
The Troubles in County Armagh |
4003089 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fredrik%20Sterky | Fredrik Sterky | Fredrik Sterky (1860–1900) was an early Social Democrat and trade union organizer in Sweden. Fredrik Sterky co-founded and was chairman of the Swedish Trade Union Confederation from 1898. He was also the editor of Ny Tid.
He was the partner of the trade unionist Anna Sterky.
References
Swedish Social Democratic Party politicians
Swedish trade unionists
1860 births
1900 deaths
19th-century Swedish people |
4003096 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pterodon%20emarginatus | Pterodon emarginatus | Pterodon emarginatus (Portuguese: sucupira-branca) is a Brazilian legume of the Cerrado. Widely distributed in the west of Minas Gerais and in Goiás, Brazil, the fruit oil of this plant is used to deter skin penetration by Schistosome cercariae.
References
Dipterygeae
Flora of Brazil
Medicinal plants |
4003099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/McKenzie%20County%20Farmer | McKenzie County Farmer | The McKenzie County Farmer is a weekly newspaper published in Watford City, North Dakota, United States. It serves Watford City and McKenzie County.
External links
Newspapers published in North Dakota
McKenzie County, North Dakota
Publications established in 1908
1908 establishments in North Dakota |
4003102 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Johnson%20%28writer%29 | Charles Johnson (writer) | Charles Johnson (1679 – 11 March 1748) was an English playwright, tavern keeper, and enemy of Alexander Pope's. He was a dedicated Whig who allied himself with the Duke of Marlborough, Colley Cibber, and those who rose in opposition to Queen Anne's Tory ministry of 1710–1714.
Johnson claimed to be trained in the law, but there is no evidence of his membership in any of the inns of court. At the same time, it is possible that he was a lawyer, as his first two published works, in 1704 and 1705 (Marlborough; on the Late Glorious Victory Near Hochstet in Germany and The Queen; a Pindaric Ode) had him living in Gray's Inn, and he married a Mary Bradbury in Gray's Inn chapel in 1709, the year of his first play, Love and Liberty (unproduced).
Some time around 1710, he became friends with the actor-manager of Drury Lane Theatre, Robert Wilks, and Wilks ensured that Johnson's plays received consideration. In 1711, The Wife's Relief was a great success. The play starred Colley Cibber, Robert Wilks, Thomas Doggett, and Anne Oldfield. He received £300 for the play, and it remained in print for two decades. In 1712, The Successful Pyrate was acted, and John Dennis complained to Charles Killigrew, Master of the Revels that the play glamorized the pirate Henry Every. Nevertheless, the play's controversy helped its attendance, and it was a theatrical success.
After the Hanoverian succession in 1715, when the whigs were ascendant, Johnson had his greatest success with The Country Lasses. It was acted in repertoire until 1813, and it had six editions and two adaptations by 1779. Furthermore, it was used as a test case for Drury Lane. The managers claimed that they needed no license from the master of revels, and they presented The Country Lasses without license. The play is sentimental, affectionate, and nostalgic, with little of the sexuality or raillery of earlier comedies.
The next year, Johnson was more overtly political with The Cobler of Preston, which was a play about the Jacobite rising of 1715. In 1717, he wrote The Sultaness, a tragedy, and in the preface to the printed play, he satirized the recent Three Hours after Marriage as "Long-labour'd Nonsense." That play had been written by John Gay, Alexander Pope, and John Arbuthnot, and Pope repaid Johnson with interest in the 1728 The Dunciad, where he deplores
"A past, vamp'd, future, old, reviv'd, new piece,
'Twixt Plautus, Fletcher, Congreve, and Corneille,
(That) Can make a Cibber, Johnson, or Ozell." (I. 235-40)
Johnson was therefore lumped in with his much more political theatrical manager, Cibber, and the overtly political accountant, John Ozell. In comparison with those two individuals, Johnson was an innocent.
In 1719 his The Masquerade was performed at the Drury Lane Theatre. Johnson's next play was a comedy The Female Fortune Teller from 1726. In 1729 he produced a ballad opera The Village Opera followed by the tragedy Medea in 1730, and his last play was Caelia, which was a comedy that failed so badly that it was withdrawn early. In the preface to Medea, Johnson replied to Pope, admitting that Pope was a better poet but complaining of the pettiness shown by Pope's treatment of those who offended him. It is possible that during these decades Johnson was already engaged in other business. He ran a tavern in Bow Street, Covent Garden. He died in 1748.
His plays emphasize tragic female characters (a late version of the she-tragedy), and contemporary accounts suggest that he was an extremely friendly and inoffensive individual. He was personally corpulent, and one biographer suggested that he was attacked in The Dunciad simply for being too large a target to avoid. Johnson's remarks in Medea show that he was personally very surprised and sorry to be mentioned in The Dunciad.
Plays
The Force of Friendship (1710)
The Generous Husband (1711)
The Wife's Relief (1711)
The Successful Pyrate (1712)
The Victim (1714)
The Country Lasses (1715)
The Cobler of Preston (1716)
The Sultaness (1717)
The Masquerade (1719)
Love in a Forest (1723)
The Female Fortune Teller (1726)
The Village Opera (1729)
Medea (1730)
Caelia (1731)
See also
Daniel Defoe
References
Kelly, James William. "Charles Johnson". In Matthew, H.C.G., and Brian Harrison (eds), The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography. vol. 30. 239–240. London: Oxford University Press, 2004.
1679 births
1748 deaths
English dramatists and playwrights
English male dramatists and playwrights
Whig (British political party) politicians |
4003111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M-123%20%28Michigan%20highway%29 | M-123 (Michigan highway) | M-123 is a state trunkline highway in the eastern Upper Peninsula of the US state of Michigan. It is one of only a few highways in Michigan that curve around and form a U-shape. In fact, M-123 has three intersections with only two state trunklines; it meets M-28 twice as a result of its U-shaped routing. M-123 also has a rare signed concurrency with a County-Designated Highway in Michigan; in Trout Lake, there is a concurrency with H-40. All of M-123 north of M-28 is a Scenic Heritage Route within the Michigan Heritage Route system.
The highway was first designated before 1936 along a section of its current routing. Sections added since then encompass segments formerly belonging to US Highway 2 (US 2) and M-48. The last changes came to the highway in 1962 and 1963, when the northern end was extended and the southern end was truncated slightly.
Route description
M-123 serves a thinly-populated section of the state. Much of the highway passes through the eastern unit of the Hiawatha National Forest. No part of the highway is listed on the National Highway System, a system of strategically important highways. The section of highway north of the two M-28 junctions is both a Michigan Scenic Heritage Route and part of the Lake Superior Circle Tour.
Rogers Park to Paradise
The southern terminus of the highway is at exit 352 along Interstate 75 (I-75) north of St. Ignace in Rogers Park. The roadway also connects to County-Designated Highway H-63 (Old US 2) at the interchange. From the interchange north, the highway runs northwest as Tahquamenon Trail to the community of Allenville near Brevort Lake in Brevort Township. Here it meets H-57. Just north of Allenville, the trunkline crosses through the adjacent community of Moran. Allenville was a stop on the Detroit, Mackinac and Marquette Railroad (DM&M), and Moran was named after William B. Moran, one of the early settlement's founders. North of Moran the roadway runs parallel to the DM&M's abandoned rail right-of-way and passes by the Fred Dye Nature Sanctuary. Before crossing into Chippewa County, the highway passes through the community of Ozark, home of a rock quarry. North of the county line is the community of Trout Lake, where M-123 meets and merges with H-40 across railroad tracks and through town near Wegwaas, Frenchman and Carp lakes. Continuing to the north, the highway is renamed Deerfoot Road and serves the Three Lakes Campground, a unit of the Hiawatha National Forest, before meeting M-28 at Eckerman.
M-123 is designated as a Scenic Heritage Route north of M-28. Here it continues northwest to East–West Road and turns to run along the shores of Whitefish Bay and cross the Tahquamenon River near its mouth. Continuing along the bay as Whitefish Road, M-123 meets the community of Paradise, the northernmost point along the highway. It is here that M-123 intersects Whitefish Point Road, which continues north to Whitefish Point, home of the Great Lakes Shipwreck Museum. In either direction, M-123 runs southbound from Paradise, changing direction. Continuing east of Paradise, M-123 is the only paved road that serves the Tahquamenon Falls State Park and the Whitefish Point region.
Tahquamenon Falls State Park
The Tahquamenon Falls State Park is a state park in Michigan. It is the second largest of Michigan's state parks. Bordering on Lake Superior, most of the park is located within Chippewa County, with the western section of the park extending into Luce County. The park follows the Tahquamenon River as it passes over Tahquamenon Falls and drains into Whitefish Bay, Lake Superior. The Tahquamenon Falls include a single drop, the Upper Falls, plus the cascades and rapids collectively called the Lower Falls. During the late-spring runoff, the river drains as much as of water per second, making the upper falls the second most voluminous vertical waterfall east of the Mississippi River, after only Niagara Falls.
Paradise to Newberry
East of Paradise, M-123 runs along the Tahquamenon River inside the state park boundaries. Past the park, the highway is known as Falls Road in Luce County. The trunkline turns southwest at the county line. It runs south and west across Murphy Creek and the Auger River before intersecting with H-37 at Four Mile Corner. The highway crosses a branch of the Tahquamenon River one last time before becoming Newberry Avenue in the city of Newberry. The highest annual average daily traffic, a measure of traffic volume, was recorded by the Michigan Department of Transportation (MDOT) for M-123 in 2007 along Newberry Avenue at 7,500 vehicles. South of downtown, M-123 meets M-28 a second time west of Twin Lake. This intersection is the "northern" terminus of the highway.
History
The construction of M-123 started in the 1930s near Eckerman, the location of the current eastern M-28/M-123 junction. By 1936, M-123 was designated running north of M-28 on of hard-surface pavement. At this time, US 2 is routed along Worth Road and uses roadway later used by M-123 from Moran to Rogers Park, and M-48 was routed north of Newberry to Four Mile Corner. The first extension of M-123 southward from Eckerman, through Trout Lake to Rogers Park north of St. Ignace, came in 1954. Part of this routing in Trout Lake uses M-48 (now a portion of H-40). An additional extension is shown north to the Tahquamenon River Bridge, lengthening the highway to the north on the April 15, 1954 official state map. The section north to the Tahquamenon River Bridge is remarked on the October 1, 1954 state map as a county road, however. In 1957, M-123 was permanently extended north to the bridge, and in 1962 the final extension north to Paradise and south to Newberry was completed. From Four Mile Corner south, M-123 replaced M-117 to a new terminus at M-28 south of Newberry. The southernmost section of roadway between the I-75/US 2 freeway and H-63 (Old US 2) was transferred to Mackinac County for maintenance with the opening of the freeway in 1963.
On November 9, 2007, MDOT expanded the Tahquamenon Scenic Heritage Route designation previously applied to M-123. This expanded the designation to all of the highway north of M-28, recognizing it for its "outstanding natural beauty" and the scenic views of "rivers, forests, trails and Tahquamenon Falls State Park." Previously, the designation was limited to between Luce County Road 500 to Galloway Creek. The expansion was planned by the Eastern Upper Peninsula Regional Planning & Development Commission along with local governments and businesses.
Major intersections
See also
References
External links
M-123 at Michigan Highways
Explore M-123: Tahquamenon Scenic Byway (Eastern Upper Peninsula Regional Planning and Development Commission)
Tahquamenon State Park (Michigan Department of Natural Resources)
123
Lake Superior Circle Tour
Transportation in Mackinac County, Michigan
Transportation in Chippewa County, Michigan
Transportation in Luce County, Michigan |
4003121 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20York | Colin York | Colin 'Yic' York (1904–1973) was an Australian rugby league footballer who played in the 1920s and 1930s. He played for Yass between 1923 and 1926, spent a season with Queanbeyan in 1927 before returning to Yass in 1928 to 1930. He was born in Yass, New South Wales. York primarily played as a prop-forward representing Australia in two test matches against Great Britain. York later played with Morpeth in the Newcastle coalfields competition and captain coached Nowra. He later moved to Sydney and became a committee man for the Canterbury RLFC.
York was selected to play for New South Wales and Australia in 1928. He continued to represent New South Wales in 1929 and 1930. In all, York played twice for Australia and six times for NSW.
References
1904 births
1973 deaths
Australia national rugby league team players
Australian rugby league players
New South Wales rugby league team players
Rugby articles needing expert attention
Rugby league players from Yass, New South Wales |
4003123 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel%20Lamson%20Howard | Nathaniel Lamson Howard | Colonel Nathaniel Lamson "N.L." Howard was an American railroad executive. He graduated from the United States Military Academy and for his meritorious service commanding military railroad engineers during World War I, he was awarded the Légion d'honneur. Upon his return, he worked as an official for the Chicago, Burlington and Quincy Railroad and the Chicago Union Station Company before being elected to the presidency of the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1925.
Notes
Chicago Daily Tribune May 8, 1949.
1884 births
1949 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Chicago Great Western Railway presidents
People from Fairfield, Iowa |
4003126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeslip%20%28comics%29 | Timeslip (comics) | Timeslip (Rina Patel) is a mutant superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics as the last addition to the New Warriors before the cancellation of their original series. Timeslip first appeared in New Warriors #59 (May 1995) and was created by Evan Skolnick and Patrick Zircher.
Fictional character biography
Origin
Rina Patel is an Indian mutant, born with special superhuman strength, durability, time manipulating powers, time traveling abilities and superspeed. Initially her only known special ability was to completely swap her current consciousness with her consciousness from any other point in her life, past or future. Later, she also discovered her time manipulating, superhuman strength & durability, superspeed and time travel abilities.
As a college student, Rina was seen "time-swapping" to when she was four years old as an escape from studying. At the same time, her four-year-old consciousness was time-swapped to her college-age self, causing the child version of herself to panic. Suddenly Rina's current self was ripped to another time, a bewildering vision of herself in a superhero outfit talking with the New Warriors in their Crashpad headquarters. The short episode passed, and a confused Rina decided to pay little heed to the strange future that seemed to be in store for her.
In her next appearance, Rina once again time-swapped to her own near future and found herself holding what appeared to be a dying Speedball in her arms.
Concerned for Robbie's welfare, Rina began making concerted efforts to contact and warn him of her frightening future vision. However, Speedball did not take her warnings seriously, assuming she was a "super hero stalker" of some kind. Ultimately Rina found Carlton LaFroyge (Hindsight Lad) and convinced him of her sincerity and special abilities by pushing him out of the way of an oncoming truck. This involved Rina warping time so that she seemed to be moving super-fast, an ability she had not previously realized she had.
Trying to help Rina (and her warnings) be taken seriously by the New Warriors, Hindsight Lad designed a superhero costume for her, dubbed her Timeslip, and arranged for her to meet with the team while showing off her time-warping abilities, superhuman strength, fighting abilities. Even after this demonstration and Rina's impassioned warnings, Speedball was still dubious about her predictions, while the rest of the team did not know quite what to make of her. However, Timeslip's persistence convinced the Warriors to keep her around as they tried to figure out how to prevent her future vision of Speedball's death from coming to pass.
Over time it became clear that Timeslip's visions always came true exactly as she saw them, and Robbie's apparent death was no exception. When the Sphinx appeared and, brushing the Warriors aside, killed Speedball in cold blood. He died in her arms, just as she had foreseen.
However it was ultimately revealed that the Speedball who died in Rina's arms was in fact an exact duplicate who had been created in the year 2092. This advanced biological construct was designed to take Robbie's place as a sleeper agent, tasked with preventing a deranged time-hopping villain, Advent, from rewriting future history to his liking. The Sphinx intentionally killed this Speedball duplicate because "he would have failed" to stop Advent. This brutal and seemingly senseless act of murder set in motion a chain of events that drew Rina into the New Warriors team and allowed her to stop Advent herself, saving the future and the rest of the New Warriors.
Timeslip remained with the team and was instrumental in preventing the Dire Wraith queen Volx from detonating a device that could have eliminated the special powers of thousands of superhumans. However, in helping to contain the blast, Rina seemed to lose her own special abilities. At first it was assumed she lost her powers entirely. Later she gained the powers she had before.
Civil War and after
Rina Patel was one of the former Warriors whose secret identities and home addresses were "outed" on a New Warriors hate site, a backlash from the latest incarnation of the Warriors' involvement in a catastrophe that was the catalyst of the Marvel Comics publishing event known as Civil War. After being "outed", Rina was shown on the run from an angry mob, part of a growing anti-New Warrior (and anti-superhero in general) movement in the United States in reaction to the catastrophe.
It was also confirmed, that she regained her powers somewhen in between her last appearance in New Warriors and the events of Civil War.
Rina has been identified as one of the 142 registered superheroes who appear to have joined the Initiative.
Rina was recently seen celebrating the Holidays in San Francisco with the X-Men and other mutants still remaining after M-Day.
During the "Outlawed" storyline, Rina appears as a member of C.R.A.D.L.E. when a law is passed that forbids superheroes who are below the age of 21.
Powers and abilities
Initially, Rina Patel could exchange her consciousness with her past or future self. Eventually she was capable of limited time travel, having superhuman strength, superspeed and also employed her abilities to simulate super speed by slowing time relative to herself, much like Velocidad of the Five Lights or the Flash's enemy, Zoom.
References
Indian superheroes
Marvel Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength
Marvel Comics female superheroes
Marvel Comics mutants
Marvel Comics superheroes
Comics characters introduced in 1995
Fictional characters who can manipulate time |
4003137 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victor%20V.%20Boatner | Victor V. Boatner | Victor Vincent Boatner (May 6, 1881 – February 11, 1950) was an American railroad executive. He was born in Bethlehem, Mississippi, and attended Mississippi College.
Boatner began his career in Greenville, Mississippi in 1901, working as a trainmaster's clerk on the Yazoo and Mississippi Valley Railroad (part of the Illinois Central Railroad). Boatner rose through the ranks of the Illinois Central until 1921, when he was elected president of the Peoria and Pekin Union Railway. He accepted the presidency of the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1929 and headed that railroad until his ouster in 1931. He worked as a railway consultant until his death in Chicago in 1950.
References
1881 births
1950 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Chicago Great Western Railway presidents |
4003144 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eel%20%28disambiguation%29 | Eel (disambiguation) | An eel is a fish in the order of Anguilliformes.
Eel or eels may also refer to:
Animals
Amphibians
Congo eel, amphibians of the genus Amphiuma (order Caudata)
Siren intermedia or two-legged eel or mud eel
Rubber eel, an aquatic caecilian of the family Typhlonectidae (order Gymnophiona)
Ray-finned fish
Electric eel, a species of knifefish in the order of Gymnotiformes
Deep-sea spiny eels, a common name for fish in the family Notacanthidae, order Notacanthiformes
Fire eel
Spiny eel
Swamp eel
People
Camille Henry (1933-1997), Canadian National Hockey League player nicknamed "The Eel"
Eric Moussambani (born 1978), Equatorial Guinean swimmer nicknamed "Eric the Eel"
Places
Eel Glacier, Washington state, United States
Eel Lake, Oregon, United States
Eels Lake, Ontario, Canada
Eel River (disambiguation)
Eel Township, Cass County, Indiana, United States
Crag Hill, Lake District, UK, a mountain formerly known as Eel Crag
Arts and entertainment
Eels (band), a musical group
"Eels" (The Mighty Boosh), a 2007 episode of The Mighty Boosh
The Eel (film), a 1997 Japanese film
USS Eel, a fictional submarine in the novel Run Silent, Run Deep and its film adaptation
Fictional characters
Eel (comics), two Marvel Comics villains
Eel (G.I. Joe), a set of fictional characters in the G.I. Joe universe
The Eel (fictional character), a pulp fiction character
Eel O'Brien, real name of Plastic Man, a comic book superhero
Other uses
Eel as food
Electron energy loss spectroscopy
Entwicklung und Erprobung von Leichtflugzeugen, a German aircraft design concern based in Putzbrunn
Environmentally Endangered Lands, a wildland conservation program in Brevard County, Florida
Extensible Embeddable Language, a scripting and programming language
Parramatta Eels, an Australian rugby league club
USS Eel (SS-354), a projected United States Navy submarine
Elastic potential energy, sometimes abbreviated as "eel" in Physics
See also
EAL (disambiguation)
Eeles, a name |
4003148 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zahira%20College | Zahira College | Zahira College is the name of several schools in Sri Lanka including:
Zahira College, Colombo
Zahira College, Gampola
Zahira College, Hambantota
Zahira College, Kalmunai
Zahira College, Matale
Zahira College, Mawanella |
4003156 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20H.%20Joyce | Patrick H. Joyce | Patrick H. "Pat" Joyce (March 6, 1879 – November 10, 1946) was an American railroad executive. He acted as chairman, president and trustee of the Chicago Great Western Railway between 1931 and 1946.
Notes
Chicago Daily Tribune November 11, 1946.
1879 births
1946 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Chicago Great Western Railway presidents |
4003177 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20W.%20Burtness | Harold W. Burtness | Harold William Burtness (November 16, 1897 – May 1978) was an American railroad executive. Born in Chicago, Illinois, in 1897, he studied business at LaSalle Extension University, and began his career as a secretary for the Chicago, Milwaukee, St. Paul and Pacific Railroad in 1914. The following year, he moved into an executive assistant position with the Pennsylvania Railroad before coming to the Chicago Great Western Railway in 1922. He steadily rose through the ranks there, and was elected to a vice-presidency of the CGW in February 1941 and took over the presidency of the railroad from the ailing Patrick H. Joyce on May 21, 1946. At that time, at age 48, he was one of the youngest railway executives in the country. He resigned as President effective September 1, 1948.
Notes
Chicago Daily Tribune May 22, 1946.
Railway Age, Vol. 125, No. 7, p. 69 - 70, "Burtness Resigns C.G.W. Presidency".
1897 births
1978 deaths
Businesspeople from Chicago
La Salle Extension University alumni
20th-century American railroad executives
Chicago Great Western Railway presidents
20th-century American businesspeople |
4003179 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santo%20Jeger | Santo Jeger | Santo Wayburn Jeger (20 May 1898 – 24 September 1953) was a British Labour Party politician who served as a Member of Parliament (MP) from 1945 until his death.
Jeger was educated at University College, Cardiff and the London and St Mary's Hospitals. A doctor by profession, Jeger was a founder of the Socialist Medical Association. He served as a councillor on Shoreditch Borough Council from 1925 and was Mayor of the Borough 1929–1930 and the Chairman of the Borough's public health committee for six years, establishing a number of clinics and public health schemes. He represented Shoreditch on the Metropolitan Boroughs Standing Joint Committee. Jeger was elected to the London County Council in 1931, serving until 1946. He was active in providing medical aid to the Republicans in the Spanish Civil War.
Jeger stood for Parliament without success in 1935 general election in St Pancras South East but won the seat at the 1945 general election. He was elected in the two subsequent elections in 1950 and 1951 for the new seat of Holborn and St Pancras South. He died in 1953 aged 55 and was succeeded as Member of Parliament in the ensuing by-election by his widow, Lena Jeger.
References
External links
1898 births
1953 deaths
Labour Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of Shoreditch Metropolitan Borough Council
Members of London County Council
Alumni of Cardiff University
Alumni of the London Hospital Medical College
UK MPs 1945–1950
UK MPs 1950–1951
UK MPs 1951–1955
Jewish British politicians
Spouses of life peers |
4003195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GURPS%20Alpha%20Centauri | GURPS Alpha Centauri | GURPS Alpha Centauri is a sourcebook for GURPS Third Edition.
Contents
GURPS Alpha Centauri details the setting of the Sid Meier's Alpha Centauri computer game.
Publication history
Steve Jackson Games published GURPS Alpha Centauri, a sourcebook for the GURPS role-playing game set in the Alpha Centauri universe.
Reception
References
Alpha Centauri in fiction
Alpha Centauri
Role-playing games based on video games
Science fiction role-playing games |
4003200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Reiss | Bob Reiss | Bob Reiss (born 1951 in New York City) is an American author of nonfiction and fiction books. Reiss has written more than 20 books, including Purgatory Road, a murder mystery set in Antarctica, The Road to Extrema, a study of the destruction of Brazilian rain forests, The Coming Storm, which focuses on global warming and catastrophic weather. Many of his novels and articles are based on his travels to Alaska, Hong Kong, Somalia, South Africa, Antarctica, and other locations around the world. White Plague, a novel set on a US icebreaker in the Arctic Ocean, was published in January 2015, under the name of James Abel. Protocol Zero, second book in the series, was published in August, 2015, followed by "Cold Silence" in 2016 and "Vector" in 2017. Bob received a best magazine reporting New York Press Club award in 2018 for his coverage of the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge in Fortune Magazine.
Under another pseudonym, Ethan Black, Bob Reiss has penned a series featuring Conrad Voort, a New York City police detective.
The five books published in this series include:
The Broken Hearts Club - (1999)
Irresistible - (2000)
All the Dead Were Strangers - (2001)
Dead For Life - (2003)
At Hell's Gate - (2004)
In 2012, Reiss published The Eskimo and The Oil Man, a non-fiction book about the opening Arctic, and the fight over offshore drilling there, as seen through the eyes of a Shell oil executive, and an Inupiat Eskimo leader in Alaska. William Reilly, co-chair of the former Deepwater Horizon Commission, and Chairman Emeritus of the World Wildlife Fund, said of the book, "Reiss has taken a highly charged and divisive subject and gotten inside the lives and values of the principles with empathy and insight. The Eskimo and The Oil Man is a most illuminating contribution to issues that will become more important as new discoveries follow drilling offshore."
Reiss's novel Black Monday was optioned by Paramount Pictures. According to Variety this novel focused on "a mysterious condition that is eroding the quality of the crude with catastrophic results, and a federal investigator tries to solve the problem before the world is brought to a screeching halt." Aside from this project, Reiss has previously sold and optioned books for films, a screenplay to Warner Bros., and a film treatment to NBC.
Reiss has also written for Smithsonian Magazine, Rolling Stone, GQ, Glamour, Parade, The Washington Post Magazine, Mirabella, and other national publications.
External links
bobreiss.com
A Bibliography for Bob Reiss
Paramount in the 'Black'
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American male novelists
American crime fiction writers
American magazine writers
1951 births
Living people
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American male writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male non-fiction writers |
4003202 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant%20Stauffer | Grant Stauffer | Grant Stauffer was an American coal and railroad executive. He served as the president of the Sinclair Coal Company at one time, and headed the Kansas City, Missouri Chamber of Commerce. He also served as the president of the Chicago Great Western Railway for five months between 1948 and his death from cancer in 1949.
References
1888 births
1949 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Chicago Great Western Railway presidents |
4003204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mitre%2C%20Newcastle%20upon%20Tyne | The Mitre, Newcastle upon Tyne | The Mitre is a building situated in the Benwell area in the west end of Newcastle upon Tyne, England. It is a Grade II listed building.
A tower house known as Benwell Tower was built in 1221. It became home to a branch of the Shafto family of Bavington Hall until the 1770s, when it was sold by Robert Shafto (the son of Bobby Shafto, immortalised in the song of the same name).
In 1831, the present building (originally known as Benwell Towers) designed by the Tyneside architect John Dobson replaced the old house and has since provided a number of different functions. It became the residence of the Bishop of Newcastle in the 1880s (when Newcastle upon Tyne became a separate see from the diocese of Durham). During World War II it became a fire station, and then became a training centre for the National Coal Board in 1947.
By the 1970s the building had become The Mitre pub, before achieving national fame in 1989 as the Byker Grove youth club in the BBC children's television series Byker Grove. The final episode of Byker Grove was filmed in August 2006. Benwell Towers was put up for sale by the owners in 2007.
In June 2009 a local newspaper reported problems with Japanese knotweed on the site, that was still said to be for sale.
In September 2010 local newspaper The Evening Chronicle reported that the building had been purchased by an individual on behalf of a community organisation. It will be used for community-based purposes.
In December 2012 planning permission was granted for the creation of an Islamic Faith school, the Bahr Academy. The development was also to include a community building, coffee shop and events space open at weekends. The building was vandalised in July 2016, shortly before the school's opening. In 2019 it was broken into and vandalised.
References
Buildings and structures in Newcastle upon Tyne
Grade II listed buildings in Tyne and Wear
Gardens by Capability Brown |
4003205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sahodaran%20Ayyappan | Sahodaran Ayyappan | Kumbalathuparambu Ayyappan (August 21, 1889 – March 6, 1968), better identified as Sahodaran Ayyappan , was a social reformer, thinker, rationalist, journalist, and politician from Kerala, India. A vocal follower of Sree Narayana Guru, he was associated with a number of events related to the Kerala reformation movement and was the organizer of Misra Bhojanam in Cherai in 1917. He founded Sahodara Sangam, and the journal Sahodaran and was the founder editor of the magazine Yukthivadhi.
Biography
K. Ayyappan was born on August 21, 1889, in Cherai, Vypin Island, in Ernakulam district of the present day south Indian state of Kerala in an aristrocatic Ezhava family of ayurvedic physicians to Kumabalathuparambil Kochavu Vaidyar and Unnooli, as the youngest of their nine children. His father died when he was a child and was brought up under the guidance of his elder brother, Achuthan Vaidyar. His early education was in the traditional way and he learnt Sanskrit from local teachers such as Mattapilla Kannu Asan and Kochupilla Asan after which he started the formal education at a local school started by Nediyara Achan Bava. Subsequently, he studied at schools in Pallippuram and North Paravur before passing the pre-degree course from Malabar Christian College to join Maharaja's College, Thiruvananthapuram, the present-day University College for his under graduate studies. In between, there was a short break in studies due to health issues. During this period, he had the opportunity to interact with Narayana Guru and it was Guru who arranged for Ayyappan's stay in Thiruvananthapuram with the noted poet, Kumaran Asan. After completing his graduate studies in 1916, he returned to his native place to start his career started as a teacher at Rama Varma Union High School, Cherai but he could not carry his social and political life along with the teaching career and he quit the job. Later, he studied law but that was a futile attempt as he failed in the FL examination.
Ayyappan was married to Parvathy and the couple had a daughter, Aisha and a son, Sugathan. He died on March 6, 1968, at the age of 78,following a cardiac arrest.
Reform movements
After his graduation, he returned to Cherai from Thiruvananthapuram in 1917 and founded Sahodara Sangham (The Brotherhood Association), a platform to launch his fight against the Caste system. Under the aegis of this organization, he organized a Misra Bhojanan, a feast where people of all castes sat and dined under one roof, at the house of Ayyappan's nephew, Raman Pillai, on May 30, 1917, a revolutionary venture during those days and the conservative Ezhava community opposed it. Around 200 people including members representing the Pulaya caste, who were considered untouchable attended the feast and the effort earned him the moniker, Pulaya Ayyappan, meant to be derogatory but Ayyappan accepted it as a decoration. The founding of the Sahodara Sangham also earned him another epithet, Sahodaran Ayyappan, with which he came to be known thereafter.
Narayana Guru supported the efforts of Sahodara Sangham through a message sent on May 15, 1921, and in order to propagate his ideals, Ayyappan started a journal, Sahodaran, from Mattancherry; the journal continued to be in print until 1956. IN 1929, when M. Ramavarma Thampan, Mithavaadi Krishnan, C. V. Kunhiraman, and M. C. Joseph started the Yukthivadi (The Rationalist), he became the founder editor of the magazine. He modified the famous slogan of Narayana Guru, Oru Jaathi Oru Matham Oru Daivam Manushyanu (One Caste, One Religion, One God for Mankind) as Jati Venda, Matam Venda, Deivam Venda Manushyanu (No Caste, No Religion, No God for Mankind).
Political career
In 1928, Ayyappan successfully contested the election to the Cochin Legislative Council and he retained the seat for the next 21 years. He became a minister in the Cochin Legislative assembly in 1947 and when the state of Travancore and Kochi was united to form Travancore-Cochin state, he continued to serve as a minister, only to resign from the post when the government started dismissing lower level employees as an austerity measure. However, in the next elections in October 1949, the Prajamandalam Party secured majority to form a ministry under the leadership of E. Ikkanda Warrier, he joined the ministry along with Panampilli Govinda Menon and C. A. Ouseph. He also served as a minister under Paravoor T. K. Narayana Pillai but resigned the post when the ministerial responsibilities interfered with his social life.
Literary career
Ayyappan published six books of poetry and an essay compilation, Sadhesheeyam''''. Besides, he also wrote several articles and editorials which appeared in the publications he was associated with.
Memorials and honours
On February 14, 1996, Shankar Dayal Sharma, the then president of India, unveiled a statue of Ayyappan in Kochi. The Government of Kerala has set up Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial at the house where Ayyappan was born which houses Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka Library and the Sahodaran Ayyappan museum. Three educational institutions in Kerala bear the name of Ayyappan, viz. Sahodaran Ayyappan Smaraka (SNDP) Yogam College, Konni, Pathanamthitta district, Sahodaran Memorial High School, Cherai, and the Sahodaran Ayyappan Memorial College of Education, Poothotta. One of the main arterial roads in Kochi has been named after him as Sahodaran Ayyappan Road. An annual award, the Sahodaran Media Award'', has been instituted to recognize excellence in journalism.
Popular media
A documentary film about Sahodaran Ayyappan, part of a series of films on prominent Malayalis, was narrated by M. K. Sanu, who also wrote a biography of him.
Gallery
See also
List of Malayalam-language authors by category
List of Malayalam-language authors
Kerala Yukthivadi Sangham
See Also (Social reformers of Kerala)
Sree Narayana Guru
Dr. Palpu
Kumaranasan
Rao Sahib Dr. Ayyathan Gopalan
Brahmananda Swami Sivayogi
Vaghbhatananda
Mithavaadi Krishnan
Moorkoth Kumaran
Ayyankali
Ayya Vaikundar
Pandit Karuppan
References
Further reading
External links
Kerala.gov.in: Orma Film Festival 2004 - documentary on Ayyappan narrated by M. K. Sanu
Narayana Guru
Malayali politicians
Politicians from Kochi
Indian materialists
Indian atheists
1889 births
1968 deaths
Indian social reformers
Journalists from Kerala
Writers from Kochi
19th-century Indian people
20th-century Indian journalists
Activists from Kerala
20th-century Indian scholars
Scholars from Kochi
Malabar Christian College alumni
University College Thiruvananthapuram alumni |
4003229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20synchronous%20transfer%20mode | Dynamic synchronous transfer mode | Dynamic synchronous transfer mode (DTM) is an optical networking technology standardized by the European Telecommunications Standards Institute (ETSI) in 2001 beginning with specification ETSI ES 201 803-1. DTM is a time-division multiplexing and a circuit-switching network technology that combines switching and transport. It is designed to provide a guaranteed quality of service (QoS) for streaming video services, but can be used for packet-based services as well. It is marketed for professional media networks, mobile TV networks, digital terrestrial television (DTT) networks, in content delivery networks and in consumer oriented networks, such as "triple play" networks.
History
The DTM architecture was conceived in 1985 and developed at the Royal Institute of Technology (KTH) in Sweden.
It was published in February 1996.
The research team was split into two spin-off companies, reflecting two different approaches to use the technology. One of these companies remains active in the field and delivers commercial products based on the DTM technology. Its name is Net Insight.
See also
Broadband Integrated Services Digital Network
References
Further reading
External links
IHS web page listing for ETSI ES 201 803- 6
Paper from the founder of the Topology (in postscript format)
Network protocols
Link protocols |
4003237 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.%20S.%20Steel%20Ko%C5%A1ice%2C%20s.r.o. | U. S. Steel Košice, s.r.o. | U. S. Steel Košice, s.r.o. is a steel company located in Košice, Slovakia.
In November 2000, the ownership of the complete metallurgical operation of former Východoslovenské železiarne (VSŽ) Košice (East Slovakian Ironworks, Košice) was transferred to U.S. Steel.
See also
Uzhhorod - Košice broad gauge track
External links
Companies based in Košice
Steel companies of Slovakia
Manufacturing companies of Slovakia
U.S. Steel
Manufacturing companies of Czechoslovakia |
4003258 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flora%20Rheta%20Schreiber | Flora Rheta Schreiber | Flora Rheta Schreiber (April 24, 1918 – November 3, 1988) was an American journalist and the author of the 1973 bestseller Sybil. For many years, she was also an English instructor at John Jay College of Criminal Justice.
Her bestselling book, Sybil (1973), tells the story of a woman (identified years later as Shirley Ardell Mason) who had a dissociative identity disorder and allegedly 16 different personalities. The name Sybil Isabel Dorsett was used to cover Mason's identity, as she insisted on the protection of her privacy. Schreiber later wrote The Shoemaker, a book documenting the true story of Joseph Kallinger, a serial killer who was diagnosed with paranoid schizophrenia.
Schreiber's papers are housed in the Special Collections unit at Lloyd Sealy Library of John Jay College. The collection is a comprehensive documentation of her life and career.
Selected bibliography
1954. William Schuman, coauthored with Vincent Persichetti. New York: G. Schirmer.
1956. Your Child's Speech: A Practical Guide for Parents for the First Five Years. New York: G. P. Putnam's Sons.
1973. Sybil. Chicago: Regnery.
1983. The Shoemaker: The Anatomy of a Psychotic. New York: Simon & Schuster.
References
1918 births
1988 deaths
American women journalists
American non-fiction writers
Jewish American journalists
20th-century American women writers
20th-century American writers
20th-century American journalists
John Jay College of Criminal Justice faculty
20th-century American Jews |
4003260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Yeomans | Bill Yeomans | Bill Yeomans (born in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian former rugby league footballer for the St. George Dragons in the New South Wales Rugby League premiership competition.
His position of choice was on the .
Before making his first grade debut Yeomans was for a long time the captain of the Dragons reserve side. A quick winger, he often found it hard to break into the superstar St. George side of the 1960s, and eventually moved to Newcastle to become the captain-coach of the Maitland club where he guided his side to the title in 1965.
References
Australian rugby league coaches
Rugby league players from Sydney
St. George Dragons players
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Rugby league wingers |
4003264 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Carr%20%28cricketer%2C%20born%201963%29 | John Carr (cricketer, born 1963) | John Donald Carr (born 15 June 1963) is an English cricketer and cricket administrator.
Life and career
John Carr was born in St John's Wood in a house backing onto Lord's. His father Donald was a first-class cricketer who captained Derbyshire County Cricket Club and England, before moving into cricket administration. His grandfather, John Carr, played cricket at first-class level.
He was educated at Repton and Worcester College, Oxford. He played first-class cricket for Oxford and Middlesex as a right-handed batsman and off-break bowler.
Carr scored 9,846 runs for Middlesex between 1983 and 1996, at an average of 39.22, with 20 centuries and a highest score of 261 not out. In 1989 when dropped for a month after a loss of form, he announced his retirement to go into banking. In 1992 he made a successful comeback, and in the final weeks of the 1994 season he reached his zenith with successive scores of 78, 171, 136, 106, 40, 62 and 261 to end with 1,543 runs at an average of 90.76, topping Brian Lara's average of 89.82 which included the highest individual innings score in first-class cricket of 501 not out.
Carr succeeded John Emburey as vice-captain of Middlesex for his final season in 1996.
He joined the Test and County Cricket Board, upon his retirement. He is currently the Director of Cricket Operations for the England team for the England and Wales Cricket Board.
References
External links
1963 births
Living people
People from St John's Wood
People educated at Repton School
Alumni of Worcester College, Oxford
English cricket administrators
English cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
Oxford University cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Hertfordshire cricketers
British Universities cricketers |
4003280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpheus%20Beede%20Stickney | Alpheus Beede Stickney | Alpheus Beede "A.B." Stickney (June 27, 1840 – August 9, 1916) was the first president of the Chicago Great Western Railway, from 1884 to 1909.
Youth and education
Alpheus Beede Stickney was born in Wilton, Maine, on June 27, 1840, the first son of Daniel Stickney and his third wife, Ursula Maria Beede.
Railroad career
Stickney was a personal and professional friend of James J. Hill, a pioneering railroad magnate, who became known in his lifetime as "The Empire Builder". Stickney worked for him and he had a hand in Stickney's later railroads. Stickney in 1879 had been the construction superintendent for St. Paul, Minneapolis & Manitoba Railway, later known as the Great Northern Railway. James J. Hill in 1881 sent Stickney to be construction superintendent for the Canadian Pacific Railway. In 1885 he started what would become the Chicago Great Western Railway, which linked Chicago, Minneapolis, Omaha, and Kansas City. Clearing Yard in Chicago was founded by him in 1889.
Stickney was a maverick among railroad executives of the time. He favored some regulation by the federal government and was opposed to the most flagrant abuses of the railroads. His viewpoint is well illustrated by the following quotation:
"The managing officers were now potentates,--'railroad magnates,' 'railroad kings.' They traveled in state, surrounded by their personal staff, the heads of the different departments, who were almost as important personages as their chiefs. When they visited a town on their lines, the principal business men rushed to greet them. The fat of the land was at their disposal. Merchants sent baskets of champagne to the heads of the traffic departments and sealskin jackets to their wives, while on the other hand, special rates were liberally bestowed upon their favorites. Special clerks were required to be wholly employed in issuing free passes. Judges and juries seemed to have a perceptible bias in their favor, the brightest attorneys were retained, and minor officials were glad to grant them favors. The country press was subsidized with passes for editors, their families and their friends."
Legacy
Stickney died on August 9, 1916, and is buried in Oakland Cemetery, St. Paul, Minnesota.
The village of Stickney, Illinois, a suburb of Chicago just south of Berwyn and Cicero, is named in his honor.
References
Martin, Albro. James J. Hill and the Opening of the Northwest. New York: Oxford University Press, 1976. .
Derleth, August The Milwaukee Road: Its First Hundred Years (Creative Age Press, New York, 1948).
Progressive men of Minnesota. Biographical sketches and portraits of the leaders in business, politics and the professions; together with an historical and descriptive sketch ... at memory.loc.gov
Grant, H. Roger, A. B. Stickney and James J. Hill: An Overview of a Railroad Relationship
External links
1840 births
1916 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
20th-century American railroad executives
Chicago Great Western Railway presidents
People from Wilton, Maine
Businesspeople from Maine |
4003293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Justin%20Yeo | Justin Yeo | Justin Yeo is an Australian former professional rugby league footballer who played for North Sydney and Balmain in the National Rugby League competition.
Justin is also noted for his support of local community events including the Gulgong 7s.
Background
Yeo was born in Dubbo, New South Wales, Australia. Yeo's son Isaah plays for the Penrith Panthers.
Playing career
Yeo made his first grade debut for North Sydney in Round 12 1998 against Cronulla at Shark Park. In 1999, Yeo joined Balmain and made his debut for the club in Round 1 1999 which was ironically against Cronulla. Balmain would lose the match 44–0.
Yeo left Balmain when they merged with Western Suburbs and returned to captain coach Dubbo CYMS in Group 11 of the New South Wales Country Rugby League.
References
1977 births
Living people
Australian rugby league players
Balmain Tigers players
North Sydney Bears players
Rugby league players from Dubbo |
4003311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokia%207600 | Nokia 7600 | The Nokia 7600 is a camera phone developed by Nokia, running on Series 40. The 7600 was announced on 25 September 2003 and was Nokia's second 3G handset after the Nokia 6650. It is notable for its unique radical design.
Technical details
The phone weighs 123 g and measures 8.7 x 7.8 x 1.86cm and at launch was one of the smallest and lightest dual-band GSM and 3G (WCDMA) phones in the world. The 7600 has a 65,000 colour screen and contains a 640 x 480 digicam for both photography and video.
Design
The phone was primarily aimed at the "fashion" market, it had a unique teardrop shape and a variety of interchangeable covers were available. The number keys were located around the large screen. The VGA camera was of a good quality for its time, but poor by modern standards.
It has polyphonic ring-tone support. The built-in MP3/AAC audio player allows up to 29MB of songs to be transferred to the handset using Bluetooth, Infrared or a USB connection through its Pop-Port.
The 7600 has a talk time of nearly three hours using a 3G connection. Stand-by time is up to 12.5 days.
Reception
The 7600 was seen by some as notoriously awkward to use. Texting or using the menu requires both hands, though this was helped by the large dimensions of the phone. It also suffered as a result of having lower specifications than similar phones of its generation. Today the phone is relatively valuable on the second hand market.
References
7600
Mobile phones introduced in 2003
Mobile phones with infrared transmitter |
5398533 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesex%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 | Middlesex (UK Parliament constituency) | Middlesex was a constituency of the House of Commons of the Parliament of England, then of the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800, then of the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 until abolished in 1885. It returned two members per election by various voting systems including hustings.
Boundaries and boundary changes
This county constituency until 1832 covered all the historic county of Middlesex, in south-eastern England, comprising Spelthorne, Poyle, South Mimms and Potters Bar in other modern counties, together with the north, west, and north-west sectors of the present-day Greater London. Apart from the ability of some voters to participate in the borough franchises of the cities of London and Westminster (after dates of their inception, see top right or below), it gave rise to three more urban offshoot divisions in 1832, one of which was split in two at the next national review or reform, in 1868. Its southern boundary was the River Thames.
The county seat returned two Members of Parliament (sometimes referred to by the medieval term of knights of the shire). The place of election for the county was until 1700 at Hampstead Heath, thereafter at The Butts in the town centre of Brentford. Hustings were typically over a period of a fortnight when candidates set out their stall, and visible bribery had become not uncommon in closer contests around the country in such larger seats at the time, inspiring William Hogarth’s series of four pictures titled ‘Four Prints of An Election’ (when printed).
Until 1832 the county franchise was limited to forty shilling freeholders. The decrease in the value of money due to inflation and the expansion of the wealth and population as the urbanised area in the east around London and Westminster grew contributed to gradually expanding the electorate. The county was estimated by Henning to have about 1,660 voters in 1681. Sedgwick estimated about 3,000 in the 1715–54 period. Namier and Brook suggested there were about 3,500 in 1754–90. The number had reached about 6,000 by 1790–1820, according to Thorne. Close elections between popular candidates would therefore be expensive - the worth of being a local magistrate, major landowner or other dignitary carrying little weight among such a generally urban and numerous upper-middle class forming the bulk of the electorate.
For subsequent changes in the franchise see Reform Act 1832 and Reform Act 1867. From 1832 voters were registered; the size of the electorate is shown below.
The geographic county until 1885 also contained the borough constituencies of City of London (first recorded as having its extraordinary four members from 1298) and Westminster (enfranchised with two members from 1545). In 1832 three two-seat Boroughs were added (or enfranchised): Finsbury, Marylebone, and Tower Hamlets. In 1867 two new parliamentary boroughs each returning two MPs were constituted: 'Hackney' (St. Leonard's, Shoreditch, St Matthew's Bethnal Green and St John's Hackney) formerly represented in borough elections via Tower Hamlets and 'Chelsea' (parishes of Chelsea, Kensington, Hammersmith and Fulham). The single-member non-territorial University constituency of London University (1868–1950) was somewhat connected to the county by having most of its graduates eligible to vote.
Possession of a county electoral qualification, deriving from owning various types of property or having ecclesiastical 'offices' (controversially and sporadically defined) in an area not otherwise represented, conferred the right to vote in the county elections.
An 1885 redistribution of seats saw Middlesex and its early breakaway seats in and around the City reformed under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885 reflecting the wider electorate of the Reform Act 1884 and need to 'liberate' boroughs, i.e. urban areas without properly apportioned representation:
Constituencies in the urban south-east part that returned 18 MPs were replaced by 38 single-member seats.
the City of London constituency (loosely considered with the county) was reduced from 4 to 2 members.
the Middlesex constituency latterly covering the north, west and south-west of the county returning 2 MPs was replaced by 7 single-member seats.
Local government bodies
In 1889 the 40 urban constituencies that comprised the south-eastern part fell into (for local government) a County of London save for the much smaller City of London which remained a separate quasi-county and legal jurisdiction. The seven county divisions (constituencies) in the north and west of the historic county came under a new local government body, the administrative county of Middlesex. Both counties were also known by their governing bodies' name, County Councils (abbreviated to LCC and MCC). The seven successor seats were Brentford, Ealing, Enfield, Harrow, Hornsey, Tottenham and Uxbridge. These (and numerous later successor seats) had MCC local governance until its abolition in 1965.
Members of Parliament
Preliminary note: The English civil year started on Lady Day, 25 March, until 1752 (Scotland having changed to 1 January in 1600). The year used in the lists of Parliaments in this article have been converted to the new style where necessary. Old style dates for days between 1 January and 24 March actually referred to days after 31 December. No attempt has been made to compensate for the eleven days which did not occur in September 1752 in both England and Scotland as well as other British controlled territories (when the day after 2 September was 14 September), so as to bring the British Empire fully in line with the Gregorian calendar.
Constituency created (1265): See Montfort's Parliament for further details. Knights of the shire are known to have been summoned to most Parliaments from 1290 (19th Parliament of King Edward I of England) and to every one from 1320 (19th Parliament of King Edward II of England).
Knights of the shire 1265–1660
Some of the members elected during this period have been identified, but this list does not include Parliaments where no member has been identified before the reign of King Henry VIII. In the list (as opposed to the table below) the year given is for the first meeting of the Parliament, with the month added where there was more than one Parliament in the year. If a second year is given this is a date of dissolution. Early Parliaments usually only existed for a few days or weeks, so dissolutions in the same year as the first meeting are not recorded in this list If a specific date of election is known this is recorded in italic brackets. The Roman numerals in brackets, following some names, are those used to distinguish different politicians of the same name in 'The House of Commons' 1509-1558 and 1558–1603.
In this period, Parliament was not an institution with a regular pattern of elections and sittings. Therefore, a separate entry is made for each Parliament, even if the same Knight of the Shire served in successive Parliaments.
List of known Knights of the Shire before 1509
Table of Knights of the Shire 1509-1660
Notes:-
a Speaker of the House of Commons.
b Wroth ceased to be an MP after 11 May 1535. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
c Hawkes ceased to be MP by May/June 1532. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
d Hughes ceased to be an MP after January/April 1543. It is unknown if there was a by-election.
e In theory the Long Parliament existed throughout the 1640–1660 term, as it could not be lawfully dissolved without its own consent which was not given until 1660. In practice all or part of the membership of the House of Commons were not permitted to sit for lengthy periods. Other bodies considered to be Parliaments existed within parts of the term of the Long Parliament.
f Francklyn died and a by-election was held.
g In December 1648, Gilbert was excluded from Parliament in Pride's Purge and the seat was left vacant.
h Spencer is not recorded as having sat after Pride's Purge in December 1648.
Table of Members of the Commonwealth Parliaments 1653-1659
The county had three nominated members in the Barebones Parliament, four representatives in the First and Second and the usual two in the Third of the Protectorate Parliaments
Knights of the shire 1660–1885
Notes:-
a Smithson, not the same man as the former member of the same name, changed his surname to Percy before the 1741 general election.
b Byng received the courtesy title of Viscount Enfield in 1860.
Elections
General notes
In multi-member elections the bloc voting system was used. Voters could cast a vote for two candidates or "plump" for one, as they chose. The leading candidates with the largest number of votes were elected.
In by-elections, to fill a single seat, the first past the post system applied.
Table terms
Sources
Results of 1660-1790 are by History of Parliament Trust publications. The results from 1790–1832 are by Stooks Smith, thereafter his work becoming the footnotes for results by Craig.
Results 1660–1885
Parliament of England
Note (1660) vote totals unavailable
Note (1661) vote totals unavailable
Note (1679): Roberts was not the same man as the 1660 candidate of the same name.
Note (1679): Smyth is referred to as Smith in House of Commons 1660-1690, but Smyth seems to be correct from Leigh Rayment's list of baronets.
Expulsion from the House of Peyton
Note (1685) vote totals unavailable. Smyth is referred to as Smith in House of Commons 1660-1690, but Smyth seems to be correct from Leigh Rayment's list of baronets.
Note (1689) vote totals unavailable
Choice of Russell to sit for Cambridgeshire
Parliament of Great Britain
Death of Wolstenholme
Death of Child
Smithson (not the same person as the former MP of the same name) subsequently changed his surname to Percy
Creation of Pulteney as 1st Earl of Bath
Succession of Percy as 2nd Earl of Northumberland
Appointment of Cooke as Joint Paymaster of the Forces
Note (1768): Stooks Smith attributes 1,292 votes to Wilkes. Stooks Smith does not give candidates party labels in Middlesex until after this election.
Death of Cooke
Note (1768): Poll 6 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, declared incapable of being elected 3 February 1769
Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, election declared void
Expulsion from the House of Wilkes, election declared void 17 March 1769
Election return of Wilkes amended to Luttrell by Parliament on 14 April 1769 and Luttrell seated as the MP 15 April 1769
Death of Glynn
Note (1790): The George Byng who contested Middlesex elections from this year is a different person from the one who stood previously
Parliament of the United Kingdom
Note (1802): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Election of Burdett declared void 9 July 1804
Note (1804): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Election of Mainwearing challenged by a petition of Burdett. Mainwaring unseated and Francis Burdett seated on 5 March 1805. (Source: The Times (of London), edition of 6 March 1805)
Election of Burdett challenged by a petition of Mainwearing. Burdett unseated and George Boulton Mainwaring seated with effect from 10 February 1806. (Source: The Times (of London), edition of 10 February 1806)
Note (1806): Poll 15 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Note (1820): Poll 12 days (Source: Stooks Smith)
Note (1835): The Thomas Wood who contested Middlesex elections from this year is a different person from the one who was elected in 1779
Byng's death caused a by-election.
12577
Creation of Grosvenor as 1st Baron Ebury
Byng became known by the courtesy title of Viscount Enfield when his father became 2nd Earl of Strafford in 1860
Death of Hanbury
Appointment of Hamilton as Vice-President of the Privy Council Committee on Education
Appointment of Hamilton as First Lord of the Admiralty
Constituency divided in the 1885 redistribution
See also
List of former United Kingdom Parliament constituencies
Unreformed House of Commons
List of parliaments of England
Duration of English, British and United Kingdom parliaments from 1660
References
Citations
Sources
British Parliamentary Election Results 1832-1885, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (The Macmillan Press 1977)
The House of Commons 1509-1558, by S.T. Bindoff (Secker & Warburg 1982)
The House of Commons 1558-1603, by P.W. Hasler (HMSO 1981)
The House of Commons 1660-1690, by Basil Duke Henning (Secker & Warburg 1983)
The House of Commons 1715-1754, by Romney Sedgwick (HMSO 1970)
The House of Commons 1754-1790, by Sir Lewis Namier and John Brooke (HMSO 1964)
The House of Commons 1790-1820, by R.G. Thorne (Secker & Warburg 1986)
The Parliaments of England by Henry Stooks Smith (1st edition published in three volumes 1844-50), second edition edited (in one volume) by F.W.S. Craig (Political Reference Publications 1973)
Who's Who of British Members of Parliament: Volume I 1832-1885, edited by M. Stenton (The Harvester Press 1976)
D Brunton & D H Pennington, Members of the Long Parliament (London: George Allen & Unwin, 1954)
Cobbett's Parliamentary history of England, from the Norman Conquest in 1066 to the year 1803 (London: Thomas Hansard, 1808)
List of members nominated for Parliament of 1653 at British History Online
Parliamentary constituencies in London (historic)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1265
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1885
Political history of Middlesex |
5398537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaafin | Alaafin | Alaafin, or The Owner of the Palace in the Yoruba language, is the title of the emperor of the medieval Oyo empire and present-day Oyo town of West Africa. He ruled the old Oyo Empire which extended from the present day Benin republic to Nigeria originating from states in the South East and West to the North. The people under him are called Yoruba people and spoke the Yoruba Language.
The Alaafin of Oyo in Yoruba mythology and history is said to be one of Oduduwa seven grandsons who later became Kings, forming the bedrock of the Yoruba Civilization[1] .
The title was retained after the fall of the Oyo Empire as the official title of the ceremonial ruler of the contemporary natives of Oyo, Nigeria. The Alaafin is the political head of the Yoruba people and the only monarch with the pre-requisite power to appoint a chieftain representing the entire Yorubaland. Examples of such appointments include Aare Ona Kakanfo of Yorubaland and Iyalode of Yorubaland.
the Alaafin (Emperor) of Oyo was Oba Lamidi Adeyemi III who was the 45th Alaafin, celebrated his 50th year on the throne. The Grand Custodian of Yoruba Culture and Tradition and the Emperor of Yorubas.
See also
Rulers of the Yoruba state of Oyo
References
4. The official website of the Alaafin of Oyo (https://www.alaafinoyo.com )
5. A Symbol of Yoruba Culture and Unity: The Life and Royalty of His Imperial Majesty, Oba Adeyemi III, the Alaafin Oyo by Siyan Oyeweso and Olutayo C. Adesina
Yoruba royal titles |
4003317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexicana%20Universal | Mexicana Universal | Mexicana Universal is a national beauty pageant in Mexico held annually since 2018, replacing the former pageant, Nuestra Belleza México, held since 1994. Currently, the pageant is responsible for selecting the country’s delegates to Miss Universe, Miss International, Reina Hispanoamericana, Miss Charm International, and Nuestra Latinoamericana Universal. The current Mexicana Universal is Irma Miranda of Sonora, who will represent Mexico at Miss Universe 2022.
The organization is directed by the nation's first Miss Universe titleholder, Lupita Jones (1991). Who originally produced the pageant as Nuestra Belleza México in association with the Televisa TV network. In october of 2017, the organization parted ways with Televisa, and found a new home for the pageant's broadcasting in rival network TV Azteca, rebranding the pageant due to televisa still owning the trademark, and changing the format.
The organization has produced two Miss Universe winners (2010, 2020), two Miss International winners (2007, 2009), and three Reina Hispanoamericana winners (2008, 2019, 2021).
Contestants
Aspiring hopefuls, ranging from 18 to 27 years of age and a minimum height of , must fulfill the organization's additional requirements and
consequently vie in their respective state pageants for eligibility to participate in the national pageant. Contestants are permitted to compete for their sub-national beauty titles more than once. However, this can no longer be done once they have taken part in the national event. They may also choose to represent a different state, as long as they provide proof of having resided in it for at least the last twelve months before registration.
As of the year 2000's edition of the pageant, it is not uncommon for some states to have more than one delegate competing simultaneously. This occurs when non-winning hopefuls from select subdivisions are invited (designated) by the organization to partake in the nationwide competition, taking into consideration their potential, and to possibly make up for other states which may lack representation. Usually three or four are designated annually.
Once in the national concentration, the participants engage in various events and appearances prior to the crucial preliminary competition from which a number of semi-finalists are chosen, only to be announced during the final competition. Additionally, five special awards given through sub-challenges enable the recipients an automatic pass to the semi-finals. During the crowning night, the semi-finalists are evaluated by a panel of judges while vying in swimsuit and evening gown, with eliminations taking place after each of these rounds. The remaining contestants are subsequently interviewed, and the runners-up and winners are respectively announced at the conclusion of the Nuestra Belleza México telecast.
If any of the titleholders is unable to fulfill her duties, the next in turn, known as the suplente (substitute), assumes the right to represent the country abroad. The pageant is held a year prior to when the winners compete internationally, giving them sufficient time to prepare for their corresponding beauty events.
Titleholders
Below are the names of the annual titleholders of Nuestra Belleza México/Mexicana Universal, the states they represented and the venue which played host to their crowning, in ascending order. Titleholders whose names appear highlighted went on to win a major international pageant. For further details, see the representatives at major international pageants section.
Color key
(**)Denisse Franco was awarded with two titles, as the last Nuestra Belleza México 2017 and the first Mexicana Universal 2017
Winners gallery
Representatives at major international pageants
Below are the names of the delegates enlisted by the Nuestra Belleza Mexico Organization to represent the country at major worldwide beauty contests. Keep in mind that they are listed according to the year in which they participated in their respective international pageants, which do not always coincide with when their national crowning took place, as explained in the last paragraph of the contestants section.
Color key
Miss Universe
Miss World
Miss International
Replaced delegates
The Nuestra Belleza México contestants below were slated to participate in an international pageant, but were unable to go through with it for one reason or another. And thus, they were eventually replaced.
State tally
Below is a table of the top rankings for the Nuestra Belleza Mexico pageant, of the thirty-two Mexican states, based on all results from the first event in 1994 to the most recent competition.
Cynthia de la Vega was dethroned, decreasing the number of Nuestra Belleza Mundo México titles for Nuevo León by one. The title was passed on to Gabriela Palacio of Aguascalientes.
Laura Zuñiga was dethroned, decreasing the number of Nuestra Belleza Internacional México titles for Sinaloa by one. The title was passed on to Anagabriela Espinoza of Nuevo León.
Jacqueline Bracamontes resigned her title after winning the main Nuestra Belleza México crown, decreasing the number of Nuestra Belleza Mundo México titles for Jalisco by one. The title was passed on to Paulina Flores.
Delegates at other pageants
Nuestro Latinoamericana Universal
Miss Orb International
Miss Charm International
Reina Hispanoamericana
Won Reina Hispanoamericana.
Miss Continente Americano
After the year 2012, the Miss Continente Americano pageant changed its name to Miss United Continent, and the Mexican delegates were sent by another organization. The ones listed below were sent by Nuestra Belleza México.
Won Miss Continente Americano.
See also
Miss Mexico Organization
El Modelo Mexico
Señorita México
Miss Earth México
Mr Model México
References
External links
Official Website
El Universal Mexicana Universal Website
Miss Mexico: A Brief, Sexy History – slideshow by Life magazine
Beauty pageants in Mexico
Mexican culture
Mexico
Mexico
Recurring events established in 1994
1994 establishments in Mexico
fr:Nuestra Belleza México
hu:Miss Mexikó |
4003322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen%20Yealland | Glen Yealland | Glenn Yealland also known as "Glen Yealland" (born in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian former rugby league player who played for the Penrith Panthers in the National Rugby League competition.
References
Australian rugby league players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Rugby league players from Sydney
Penrith Panthers players
Sportsmen from New South Wales |
4003323 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iain%20Jennings | Iain Jennings | Iain Jennings is a British keyboard player, known for being a member of the progressive rock bands Mostly Autumn (from 1995 until 2006, and again from 2007 to present) and Breathing Space (from 2005 to 2011). In 2017, Jennings released his album, The House, featuring Mark Chatterton, Bryan Josh, Anne-Marie Helder, Alex Cromarty and Stuart Fletcher. From early 2019, Jennings started a new project with solo artist Marc Atkinson.
In August 2020, Jennnigs joined the rock band The Tower Radio, with Pete Godson, Alun Hughes and Andy 'Rob' Swan.
Discography
Solo
Breathing Space* (2005)
My Dark Surprise (2013)
The House (2017)
(*Whilst this album shares its name with the band led by Jennings, it was recorded as a solo album before the band had formed.)
Breathing Space
Coming Up for Air (2007)
Below the Radar (2009)
Mostly Autumn
For All We Shared... (1998)
The Spirit of Autumn Past (1999)
The Last Bright Light (2001)
Music Inspired by The Lord of the Rings (2001)
Passengers (2003)
Storms Over Still Water (2005)
Go Well Diamond Heart (2010)
The Ghost Moon Orchestra
External links
The official Breathing Space homepage
The official Mostly Autumn homepage
British rock keyboardists
British songwriters
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people |
4003339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darren%20Ward%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201974%29 | Darren Ward (footballer, born 1974) | Darren Ward (born 11 May 1974) is a Welsh former international football goalkeeper and former First Team goalkeeping coach at Sheffield United.
Club career
Born in Worksop, Ward started his professional career with Mansfield Town, where he made 97 appearances, helping them reach the play-offs. He moved to Notts County for £150,000 in July 1995, where he would go on to make his most appearances. During a six-season stay, he played over 300 games for the Meadow Lane club.
He moved across the River Trent in 2001 to join local rivals Nottingham Forest. He spent three seasons in the First Division with Forest as they strove for promotion back to the Premier League, but a play-off spot in 2003 was as near as they managed.
He finally got his opportunity to play in the top flight when he joined newly promoted Norwich City in a two-year deal in August 2004. However, the form of Robert Green meant he only managed one appearance in the Premier League, coming on as a substitute in a defeat at Charlton Athletic. The club was relegated after a solitary season at the highest level, but Ward made no further appearances for the Canaries in the lower tier either.
He was released at the end of the 2005–06 season after not signing a new contract at the club, and on 4 August 2006, he signed a contract at Sunderland. He had to wait until October for his debut, replacing teenager Ben Alnwick after the appointment of Roy Keane as manager, but made the number 1 spot his own for the rest of the season as the side went on to top the Championship. One particularly outstanding save against Southampton which was later described as being in the style of Gordon Banks by opposition manager George Burley.
Ward found himself replaced by £9million new signing Craig Gordon upon Sunderland's return to the Premier League, but did manage three appearances, keeping a clean sheet in his first, a 1–0 win over Derby County. During the January 2008 winter transfer window, he rejected a move to Scottish giants Rangers, preferring to stay and fight to be the first-choice keeper at the Stadium of Light.
He failed to break back into the first team at Sunderland the following season and joined Wolverhampton Wanderers of the Championship in March 2009 on loan for the remainder of the campaign. However, injury meant he returned to his parent club early.
He was released by Sunderland on 28 May 2009 and subsequently announced his playing retirement. On 12 October 2009 it was announced that Ward was the new goalkeeping coach for Peterborough United, replacing Andy Dibble, who departed from the role for personal reasons.
International career
Ward won five caps for the Welsh national team before announcing his international retirement in May 2007. He made his international debut on 2 June 2000 in a 3–0 friendly defeat to Portugal. He had to wait until 2002 for his next cap, and won further caps during 2003–04, all during friendly internationals.
Family
Ward married Nicola in 1997 and later became a father to Rhys Harry (2000) and Evie Mae (2003).
Honours
Sunderland
Football League Championship (II): 2007
References
External links
Official WWFC club profile
Career information at ex-canaries.co.uk
1974 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Worksop
Welsh footballers
Wales international footballers
Association football goalkeepers
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Notts County F.C. players
Nottingham Forest F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Premier League players
Wales under-21 international footballers
English Football League players
Peterborough United F.C. non-playing staff
Preston North End F.C. non-playing staff
Sheffield United F.C. non-playing staff
English footballers
English people of Welsh descent
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Association football goalkeeping coaches |
4003341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanessa%20DiMauro | Vanessa DiMauro | Vanessa DiMauro (born 1967) is a community builder and researcher whose work focuses on the role learning and decision-making play in online environments. Born in Hartford, Connecticut DiMauro started her career at TERC (Cambridge, Massachusetts) under the auspices of a National Science Foundation grant to study the ways in which professionals share information in communities of practice online.
She has built online communities in business and education settings globally. One of her most successful communities was Cambridge Information Network, a division of Cambridge Technology Partners, one of the most influential consulting firms during the dot-com era. She has authored numerous academic research and general articles on community building and frequently teaches about the creation and impact of social networks. Her work is often studied in university programs. Women in Technology International named her one of Boston’s Most Influential Women in Technology.
Partial bibliography
DiMauro, V., & Gal, S. 1994. Use of telecommunication for reflective discourse of science teacher leaders. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 3(2), 123-135.
Spitzer, W., Wedding, K., & DiMauro, V. (1995, March 16). Fostering reflective dialogues for teacher professional development [WWW document]. [1997, October 24].
Muscella, D., & DiMauro, V. (1995).Talking about Science: The case of an electronic conversation. Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning. IN: Erlbaum.
Jacobs, G., & DiMauro, V. (1995, June) Active readers - What benefits do they gain from an educational telecommunications network? International Conference on Technology and Education, Orlando FL, pp. 379-381.
Hammer, D. and DiMauro, V. (1996). Student teachers on LabNet: Linking preservice teachers with a professional community. Electronic Journal of Science Education, 1
DiMauro, V. & Jacobs, G. (1995a). Filling in the professional gaps: Active teacher participation on a telecommunications network. American Educational Research Association Proceedings, San Francisco, CA, April 22, 1995.
Mauro, V. and Gal, S., "Dimensions of network-mediated space for professional discourse of science teacher leaders," in the Journal of Science Education & Technology, June, 1994.
Gale Directory of Company Histories http://www.answers.com/topic/cambridge-technology-partners-inc. Retrieved December 20, 2012
References
External links
Book: Fostering Reflective Dialogues
WWW.Internet.Amnesia
Do Communities Pay?
On Executive Decision-making
Linking preservice teachers with a professional community
WITI Distinguished Women
1967 births
Living people
American women non-fiction writers
21st-century American women writers |
4003345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyptian | Gyptian | Windel Beneto Edwards (born 25 October 1983), better known by his stage name Gyptian (), is a Jamaican reggae singer. He often appears with roots reggae songs within the reggae subgenre dancehall.
Early life
Born to a Seventh-day Adventist mother Pauline McCaulsky and Rastafarian father, Edwards received his musical calling at the age of seven, when he began singing in the church. He grew up in a small community in Rural St. Andrew, Jamaica called King Weston District. Recognizing his talent, his parents introduced him to Mr. Wong, a record producer from Portmore, St. Catherine. "I did not take it seriously," said Edwards "My family members have always been carrying me to Portmore to see him, but I usually disappear. One day, they dropped me off at his studio and left me and it all began there."
Career
Career beginnings
Under the guidance of Mr. Wong and Earl Chinna Smith, Gyptian honed his sound, winning the 2004 Star Search talent competition at Kens Wild Flower Lounge in Portmore, earning him a spot at Sting 2004, dubbed the 'greatest one night reggae show on earth'.
The singer earned his nickname from his habit of tying a shirt around his head and twisting his chin hair like an Egyptian pharaoh. In 2005, he scored two hits, "Is There A Place" on the Seasons Riddim and "Serious Times".
Nominated for Best New Entertainer at the 2006 International Reggae and World Music Awards, the singer has been dominating the Jamaician charts with hits including "Is There a Place", "Beautiful Lady", and the chart-topping ballad, "Mama, Don't Cry".
On 12 September 2004, Gyptian released his first album My Name Is Gyptian on VP Records. On 12 December 2007, Gyptian, while in New York City, shot the music video, directed by Rhona Fox, for his new single, "I Can Feel Your Pain" (Cloud Nine Riddim) Produced by JonFX. The song was the first to be confirmed to appear on his second album I Can Feel Your Pain, which was released in 2008.
2010 and crossover success
As of the end of May 2010, his single "Hold Yuh" had peaked at number 91 on the Billboard Hot 100, number 33 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Chart, number 6 on the Billboard Heatseekers Songs Chart and had been at the top of the Reggae Digital Songs chart for nine consecutive weeks.
In June, the song re-entered the Billboard Hot 100 and eventually reached a new peak of 77 on that chart, number 3 on the Heatseekers Songs chart, 31 on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Chart, 63 on the Radio Songs chart and an astonishing peak of 28 on the Billboard Rhythmic Top 40, capitalizing it crossover success. The song also peaked at number 1 on the Dancehall/Reggae fusion Charts of the Jamaica Weekly Music Charts for two consecutive weeks. In Canada it peaked at No. 69 on the Canadian Hot 100. The official remix for the song features rapper Nicki Minaj. It spent 29 weeks on the Billboard R&B/Hip-Hop Chart and 15 weeks on the Billboard Hot 100. (Despite it sounding similar to Alison Hinds' Roll it gyal)
Gyptian had further chart success with his third album Hold You, which reached number 2 on Billboard'''s Reggae Albums Chart. The title track, "Hold Yuh", became a multi-chart hit worldwide. According to Billboard magazine, "not since Wayne Wonder's "No Letting Go" has an underground reggae artist garnered as much attention in the United States as Jamaica's own Gyptian."
The song also became popular in the UK, and was released there on 7 November by Ministry of Sound Recordings, in an EP which will include remixes by Shy FX, Major Lazer and Toddla T.
In October 2012, he released the SLR EP, which included three tracks from his forthcoming album. His fourth album Sex, Love & Reggae was released in October 2013 and entered the Billboard Top Reggae Albums chart at number one.
His latest album, Nothing to Lose'', was set for release in April 2015, but never got released.
Artistry
His style of reggae music is considered lovers rock and roots reggae, with songs about political issues and love.* Gyptian His musical and lyrical style has been compared to established Jamaican artists, such as Sizzla, Luciano and Beres Hammond.
Personal life
Gyptian is currently single and is living in Jamaica.
He was born in Westwood, Colwyn Street, Oldham. He later on moved to Jamaica.
In June 2006 his twin sons died after being born prematurely.
On 8 June 2010, he crashed his motorbike and sustained minor head and shoulder injuries.
He is Rastafarian, and this is supported by lyrics in some of his songs, including "Leave Us Alone", chants about Selassie I are heard.
He has two cousins named Gabriel Waite and Ariel Waite
Discography
Albums
EPs
Singles
Featured singles
References
External links
Article about Gyptian in the Jamaica Star
Jamaican reggae musicians
Reggae fusion artists
1983 births
Living people
Musicians from Kingston, Jamaica
VP Records artists |
4003347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VfB%20L%C3%BCbeck | VfB Lübeck | VfB Lübeck is a German association football club playing in Lübeck, Schleswig-Holstein in the country's north. In addition to its football side the 1,000 member sports club also has departments for badminton, women's gymnastics, handball, and table tennis.
History
Foundation to WW II
The earliest origins of the club go back to a pair of predecessor sides; Ballsportverein Vorwärts Lübeck established on 1 April 1919 and Sportvereinigung Polizei Lübeck founded in 1921.
SV Polizei Lübeck was the local police sports club. In 1931 it was merged with Verein für Rasensport Lübeck, which was the product of the 1923 union of Fußball Club Alemannia 1905 Lübeck and Lübecker Fußball Club Germania 1913. SVP played well enough to earn appearances in the playoff rounds of the senior north German circuit, but did not enjoy any success. VfR made only a single such appearance, in 1924.
BSV Vorwärts Lübeck played in the Arbeiter-Turn- und Sportbund (Worker's Gymnastic and Sport Federation) from its founding until 1933 when it was dismantled by the Nazi regime, which regarded workers sports clubs of the sort as politically undesirable. They won city championships in 1927, 1928, and 1931. The club's membership became part of SVP and the expanded association joined the Gauliga Nordmark, one of sixteen top flight divisions formed in the 1933 reorganization of German football under the Third Reich.
The club was renamed Polizei Sportverein Lübeck in 1935 and played in the Gauliga Nordmark until 1942, with its best results coming as third-place finishes. PSV made unsuccessful qualification round appearances in play for the Tschammerpokal, predecessor of today's DFB-Pokal (German Cup) in 1936–38. In 1942 the club was again renamed, becoming Sportgemeinschaft der Ordnungspolizei Lübeck, and moved to the Gauliga Schleswig-Holstein when wartime conditions forced the breakup of the Gauliga Nordmark into three more local divisions.
Post-war era to present
Following World War II organizations throughout Germany, including sports and football clubs, were dissolved by occupying Allied authorities. In 1945 the former memberships of SG OrPo and BSV Vorwärts formed a new association called Verein für Bewegungsspile Lübeck. The new club resumed play in the top flight, first in the Berzirksmeisterschaft Schleswig-Holstein, and then in 1947, in the newly formed Oberliga Nord. Over the next decade and a half VfB bounced up and down between first and second division play; they were consistently a top performer in the Amateurliga Schlewig-Holstein (II), but completely incapable of escaping the basement of the Oberliga Nord (I).
Following the 1963 formation of the Bundesliga, the country's professional first division circuit, the team settled into the Regionalliga Nord (II), generally earning mid-table results. A second-place finish in 1969 led VfB to the qualification round for the Bundesliga, where they finished last in their group with only a single point from eight matches.
After 1974, VfB slipped from the ranks of second-tier teams to fourth division Landesliga Schleswig-Holstein. They recovered a place in the 2. Bundesliga just over two decades later and resumed their role as an "elevator side", moving frequently between the second and third divisions. In 2004, the team reached the semi-finals of the DFB-Pokal (German Cup), but lost to Werder Bremen in extra time. After it was revealed that the club has been suffering from financial difficulties, it finally filed for bankruptcy at the district court Lübeck in April 2008 and was eventually forcibly relegated to the Schleswig-Holstein-Liga (V) for the 2013–14 season. After a league championship at this level and success in the promotion round the club returned to the Regionalliga (IV) in 2014. They followed up a second place finish in 2019 with a division title in 2020 and advanced to play in the 3. Liga (III).
In July 2009, VfB Lübeck shocked Bundesliga club 1. FSV Mainz 05, beating them 2–1 after extra time in the first round of the DFB-Pokal. They were eliminated in the next round by VfB Stuttgart (3–1) after again taking a Bundesliga club into extra time. Consecutive Schleswig-Holstein-Pokal wins in 2016 and 2017, and another in 2019, led to additional DFB-Pokal appearances where the club went out in the first round each time.
Honours
The club's honours:
Regionalliga Nord (III)
Champions: 1995, 2002
Regionalliga Nord (IV)
Champions: 2020
Schleswig-Holstein-Liga (II/III/IV/V)
Champions: 1951, 1952, 1955, 1957, 1975, 1977, 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993, 2004‡, 2014, 2016
Schleswig-Holstein Cup (Tiers III-V)
Winners: 1956, 1987, 1992, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2006, 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015, 2016, 2019, 2022
‡ Denotes won by reserve team.
Players
Current squad
Former players
Jerzy Wijas
Matei Boldor
Ali Dia
References
External links
VfB Lübeck-Fanclub Berlin
The Abseits guide to German Soccer
Sport in Lübeck
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Schleswig-Holstein
Association football clubs established in 1919
1919 establishments in Germany |
4003350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Yates%20%28rugby%20league%29 | Chris Yates (rugby league) | Chris Yates (born in Sydney, New South Wales) is an Australian former rugby league footballer for the Western Suburbs Magpies in the National Rugby League.
References
Australian rugby league players
Western Suburbs Magpies players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Rugby league players from Sydney |
5398543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Heartbeat%20episodes | List of Heartbeat episodes | Heartbeat is a British period drama television series which was first broadcast on ITV between 10 April 1992 and 12 September 2010. Set in the fictional town of Ashfordly and the village of Aidensfield in the North Riding of Yorkshire during the 1960s, the programme is based on the "Constable" series of novels written by ex-policeman Peter N. Walker, under the pseudonym Nicholas Rhea.
Series overview
Episodes
Series 1 (1992)
Series 2 (1993)
Series 3 (1993)
Series 4 (1994)
Series 5 (1995)
Series 6 (1996)
Series 7 (1997–1998)
Series 8 (1998–1999)
Series 9 (1999–2000)
Series 10 (2000–2001)
Series 11 (2001–2002)
Series 12 (2002–2003)
Series 13 (2003–2004)
Series 14 (2004–2005)
Series 15 (2005–2006)
Series 16 (2006–2007)
Series 17 (2007–2008)
Series 18 (2008–2010)
References
External links
Heartbeat
Heartbeat (British TV series) |
5398547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Simpsons%20%28pinball%29 | The Simpsons (pinball) | The Simpsons is a 1990 pinball game released by Data East Pinball. It is based on the animated sitcom The Simpsons and features many elements from the series, such as character voices and music. The game was popular in the United States, becoming a hit for Data East Pinball. It has been cited as helping increase the popularity of pinball machines at the beginning of the 1990s. The Simpsons pinball game was followed by The Simpsons Pinball Party in 2003.
Content
The pinball machine is modeled after the animated sitcom The Simpsons. The pop bumpers are styled as nuclear reactor cooling towers and several characters from the show function as targets. Other targets depict the Simpson family's favorite foods, such as chocolate ice cream and donuts, and the family bowling. The machine is equipped with a Yamaha synthesizer that plays the theme song from the television series. It also features a computerized voice system on an OKI sound chip, and the characters are constantly talking. The original voices of the characters from the series are used. Mr. Burns says "Smithers, fire that man!" and "Don't you know how to use flippers?", while Bart says lines like "Don't have a cow, man," "Way to go, man," "You blew it, man," and "Hey, man, we're both underachievers." This was also the last pinball machine by Data East Pinball to utilise an alphanumeric display before changing to the dot-matrix display.
Development and release
The pinball game was released by Data East Pinball in 1990. It was licensed by Fox Broadcasting Company and produced in Data East's factory in Melrose Park, Illinois. According to an article in Chicago Sun-Times, the producers took advice from The Simpsons creator Matt Groening while developing the game. On November 9, 1990, Data East executive vice-president Gary Stern described the game to the press as "fun – a whole package ... voices, music, artwork, great ramps." He also noted that "This game is already on its way to becoming a monster hit." In 2007, Stern said in an interview with License! that "While we export about one-third of our games, that first [The Simpsons pinball] model did especially well in the U.S."
Reception and legacy
The Simpsons pinball machine won the award for best pinball game in 1990 by the Amusement and Music Operators Association, a group that represents coin machine operators. According to the Chicago Sun-Times article, pinball players have cited Data East's The Simpsons as a game that helped increase the popularity of pinball. The pinball market had been dead by the end of the 1980s, following the surge of the video game market, but it rose in popularity at the beginning of the 1990s. Tom Henry of The Tampa Tribune wrote in 1991 that pinball games became popular again because they started emphasizing themes: "The artwork, targets and sounds work together to create a story, manufacturers say. The computer unveils the subplot differently, depending on skill levels and the sequence in which shots are made." He cited the Simpsons pinball game as an example of this—a "game with a strong theme."
A second Simpsons pinball machine, The Simpsons Pinball Party (designed by Stern Pinball, the successor to Data East Pinball), was released in 2003.
References
External links
IPDB listing for The Simpsons
Recent Auction Results for The Simpsons
Simpsons
Pinball machines based on television series
Data East pinball machines
1990 pinball machines
Pinball |
4003354 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dannel%20Malloy | Dannel Malloy | Dannel Patrick Malloy (; born July 21, 1955) is an American politician, who served as the 88th governor of Connecticut from 2011 to 2019. A member of the Democratic Party, he chaired the Democratic Governors Association from 2016 to 2017. On July 1, 2019, he began his tenure as the Chancellor of the University of Maine System.
Born in Stamford, Connecticut, Malloy attended Boston College for both undergraduate and law degrees. Malloy began his career as an assistant district attorney in New York in 1980 before moving back to Stamford and entering private practice. He served on the Stamford board of finance from 1984 to 1994 before being elected Mayor of Stamford. He served four terms as mayor from December 1995 to December 2009.
Malloy ran unsuccessfully for Governor of Connecticut in 2006, losing the Democratic primary to John DeStefano, Jr., the Mayor of New Haven, who was defeated in the general election by Republican Governor Jodi Rell. He ran again in 2010 and comfortably won the primary, defeating Ned Lamont, the 2006 U.S. Senate nominee, by 57% of the vote to 43%. Rell did not run for reelection, and Malloy faced former United States Ambassador to Ireland Thomas C. Foley in the general election, defeating him by fewer than 6,500 votes. Malloy was sworn in on January 5, 2011. He was reelected in a rematch with Foley in 2014, increasing his margin of victory to over 28,000 votes. , he had a 21% job approval rating and a 71% disapproval rating, making him the second least popular and third most disliked governor in the United States, after Mary Fallin of Oklahoma. On April 13, 2017, Malloy announced he would not seek reelection in 2018. He was succeeded in office by Democrat Ned Lamont on January 9, 2019.
Early life, education and early career
Dannel Patrick Malloy was born and raised in Stamford, Connecticut, the seventh of seven sons and youngest of the eight children of Agnes Veronica (née Egan), a nurse, and William Francis Malloy. He is of Irish descent and was raised as a Catholic.
As a child, Malloy had learning disabilities and difficulties with motor coordination. He did not learn to tie his shoes until the fifth grade. Malloy eventually was diagnosed with dyslexia and learned the skills necessary to succeed academically. He does not write or type, and rarely reads from notes in public, but developed an extraordinarily useful memory. He graduated magna cum laude from Boston College, where he met his wife Cathy, and later earned his J.D. degree from Boston College Law School.
After passing the bar exam, Malloy served as an Assistant District Attorney in Brooklyn, New York from 1980 to 1984. During his tenure as a prosecutor, Malloy tried 23 felony cases, four of them homicides, and won 22 convictions. He was subsequently a partner in the Stamford law firm of Abate and Fox from 1984 to 1995. He served on the Stamford Board of Finance from 1983 to 1994.
Mayor of Stamford (1995–2009)
In 1995, he ran successfully for Mayor of Stamford, defeating two-term Republican incumbent Stanley Esposito. At the same time, voters approved a measure to extend the Mayor's term of office from two years to four, effective at the next election. He was re-elected in 1997, 2001 and 2005.
Malloy made crime reduction a priority during his tenure as mayor; Stamford saw a dramatic decrease in homicides under his administration. Stamford is currently ranked as the 9th safest city in the United States and 3rd safest in the Northeast region and for the past six years has ranked in the top 11 safest cities with populations of 100,000 or more, according to the FBI. Malloy wrote a blog known as "The Blog That Works", since deleted, until mid-January 2010.
Budgeting and districting of the various fire departments throughout the city has been unstable since 2007, due to an extended legal conflict between the volunteer departments and the Malloy administration, which sought to consolidate the fire departments against the advice and wishes of the volunteer fire departments.
Governor of Connecticut (2011–2019)
Elections
2006
In 2004, Malloy was the first candidate to announce his bid for the Democratic Party nomination for Governor of Connecticut. In a major upset in Malloy's favor, he received the convention endorsement of the Democratic Party on May 20, 2006, by one vote. Malloy lost in the primary election however against New Haven Mayor John DeStefano, Jr. on August 8, 2006.
2010
On February 3, 2009, Malloy officially filed paperwork with Connecticut's State Elections Enforcement Commission to form a gubernatorial exploratory committee, and subsequently announced that he did not intend to seek re-election as Mayor of Stamford. On March 9, 2010, Malloy filed the required paperwork to officially run for governor.
Malloy received the Democratic Party's endorsement for governor on May 22, 2010, in a 68–32 vote over 2006 Democratic senatorial candidate Ned Lamont. Connecticut's Democratic Party rules allow any candidate who received more than 15% of the vote at its nominating convention to challenge the endorsed candidate for the nomination in a primary, and Lamont announced that he would challenge Malloy in the gubernatorial primary. The primary was held on August 10, 2010. Malloy won with 58% of the vote, according to AP-reported unofficial results. According to preliminary numbers, he beat Lamont 101,354 to 73,875.
As a Democratic candidate for governor prior to the Democratic state convention and subsequent primary, Malloy chose Nancy Wyman to be his running mate. Wyman is the only woman elected State Comptroller since the office was created in 1786. Malloy's choice was confirmed by the Democratic nominating convention on May 22, and Wyman became the official 2010 Democratic candidate for lieutenant governor when she defeated primary opponent Mary Glassman on August 10. After the primaries, candidates for governor and lieutenant governor run together as a team on a single ticket. Thus, Malloy and Wyman were both elected on November 2, 2010.
Malloy faced Republican Thomas C. Foley, the former United States Ambassador to Ireland under President George W. Bush, in the race for governor. Tom Foley had never been elected to public office. In the last Quinnipiac University Polling Institute poll released on the morning before Election Day, Malloy trailed Foley 48% to 45%.
According to The New York Times on November 3, Malloy was elected governor; they later placed Foley in the lead with no declared winner. The Associated Press had at one point also placed Foley ahead by 8,424 votes because they hadn't added the votes from New Haven or Bridgeport at that time. In the days following the election, there was controversy over several polling locations in Bridgeport remaining open until 10 p.m. on Election Day due to ballot shortages. Foley's team looked into the events that took place in Bridgeport and determined there was insufficient evidence of enough fraud to overcome the vote deficit.
2014
On March 28, 2014, Malloy announced his intention to seek a second term. With full support, he was unopposed in the Democratic primary. On August 12, Tom Foley, Malloy's Republican opponent in 2010, won his party's nomination, making the 2014 election a rematch of the bitter 2010 contest. As expected, the race was very close. On November 4, Malloy won reelection with 51.1 percent of the vote. Foley conceded the election on November 5 without direct communication with Malloy.
Tenure
Malloy was sworn in as the 88th Governor of Connecticut on January 5, 2011, succeeding Republican Governor Jodi Rell.
In the state's legislative elections of November 2012, Republicans tried to tie Democratic legislators to Malloy, who had consistently faced negative job approval ratings. The strategy did not work and the Democrats recorded no losses in either house. Malloy called the results a "vindication" and said that "Tough times require tough decisions that are not immediately popular... you should not be afraid to make tough decisions, particularly if you are transparent about those decisions, if you explain why those decisions were necessary. In our case, the tough decisions we had to make were in fact caused by Republican governors."
According to a July 2016 New York Times survey, Malloy was the most unpopular Democratic governor in the country, with a 64% disapproval and 29% approval rating, and the second-most unpopular overall, after Republican Sam Brownback of Kansas.
Economy
The first task facing Malloy upon taking office was addressing a multibillion-dollar deficit as a result of the prior state budget enacted by the Democratic super-majority-controlled legislature which Rell chose to accept without signing. Malloy adopted what he called an agenda of "shared sacrifice" which was dependent on increases in various taxes, including the income tax, the gas tax, the sales tax, and the estate tax, as well as $1 billion each year in union concessions. Malloy chose not to reduce aid to municipalities as part of his budget agenda, although such aid would have been jeopardized if labor concessions were not reached. After two months of negotiations, in May 2011, Malloy won $1.6 billion in union givebacks. The budget deal meant that, in contrast to many other states, there were no layoffs. Many of Malloy's proposed tax increases were unpopular, despite a statewide "listening tour" to promote the budget.
Marijuana
In June 2011, Malloy signed a bill that decriminalized possession of small amounts of marijuana. Offenders pay a $150 fine for a first offense and a fine ranging from $200 to $500 for subsequent offenses. Those younger than 21 face a 60-day driver's license suspension. Paraphernalia has also been decriminalized as long as the person possesses under 1/2 an ounce of marijuana. Offenders may still be arrested for under 1/2 an ounce or a pipe if they are in a school zone and there is a mandatory minimum sentence (MMS) of 3 years. There is also an MMS of 3 years for sale to a minor.
Connecticut became the 17th state to legalize medical marijuana on June 1, 2012, after Malloy signed a bill into law. Some portions of the law were effective immediately while the remaining portions became effective on October 1, 2012.
In December 2016, Malloy publicly stated that he opposed the legalization of recreational marijuana in Connecticut and that he would not support legislative efforts at legalization.
LGBT equality
Malloy supports progressive social measures, including protections for transgender identity. Malloy praised the Transgender Rights Bill HB 6599 and promised he would sign it into law. It passed the legislature and he signed it on July 5, 2011. The bill protects the rights of transgender residents, including the right to use public facilities of the gender a person identifies with.
Labor laws
On September 21, 2011, Malloy issued Executive Orders 9 and 10, which would allow the Service Employees International Union to unionize day care workers subsidized through Care 4 Kids and personal care attendants under Medicaid waivers by redefining these employees as state employees for collective bargaining purposes. The executive orders generated intense opposition from child care providers, personal care attendants, their employers with disabilities, the National Federation of Independent Business, and We the People of Connecticut, a constitutionalist organization. Disability advocates objected to being excluded from the decision-making process, to union interference in the intimate relationship between employers and PCAs, and to the likely loss of PCA hours under a capped program; NFIB feared a "terrible precedent" in allowing other union organizing drives of small businesses by executive order through card check; and legislators viewed Malloy's actions as a violation of the state Constitution's separation of powers. Malloy responded that these workers, whom he described as being among the hardest working and lowest paid, deserved the opportunity to collectively bargain if they wished to do so.
Criminal justice
Malloy, who has long campaigned against capital punishment, signed a bill to repeal the state's death penalty on April 25, 2012. The bill was not retroactive and did not affect those on death row in Connecticut at the time. On August 13, 2015, however, the Connecticut Supreme Court ruled in 2015 in State v. Santiago that the legislature's decision to prospectively abolish capital punishment rendered it an offense to "evolving standards of decency," thus commuting the sentences of the 11 men remaining on death row to life in prison without parole. Malloy was in the process of having Connecticut be the first state in the nation to raise the age of being within the juvenile system from 18 to 21 via the Second Chance initiative.
Education
Malloy's "centerpiece" education reform bill was unanimously passed by the Connecticut House of Representatives and signed into law in early May 2012. The bill increases funding for early childhood education and poorer school districts, creates 1,000 more preschool places, creates a kindergarten to third grade literacy pilot program and reformed teacher tenure, tying it to performance.
Voting
Also in May 2012, Malloy signed a bill that expanded voting rights in Connecticut, allowing for same-day voter registration. Other provisions to allow early voting and "no-excuse" absentee ballots will be subject to a referendum, to be held in 2014. It also allows for online voter registration, beginning in 2014.
Gun laws
In the wake of the Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting in Newtown in December 2012, Malloy pushed for strict new gun control laws. In April 2013, he signed into law a bill that passed the legislature with bipartisan support and required universal background checks, banned magazines with a capacity of more than 10 rounds, created the country's first registry for dangerous-weapon offenders and added over 100 types of gun to the state's assault weapons ban.
In December 2015, Malloy announced he would issue an executive order to prohibit anyone on federal terrorist watchlists (such as the No Fly List) from obtaining the permits required to acquire firearms in Connecticut. The executive order would also revoke existing permits for people on such lists.
Immigration laws
On June 7, 2013, Malloy signed a bill that allows all residents of Connecticut, including illegal immigrants, to apply for a driver's license. He called it a public safety issue that "needs to be addressed". The licenses cannot be used to vote or board a plane and the bill took effect in July 2015.
Other issues
At the end of May 2012, Malloy signed a bill that repealed Connecticut's ban on the sale of alcohol on Sundays. Connecticut, Georgia, Indiana and Minnesota had previously been the only states that still had broad restrictions on the sale of alcohol on Sundays.
In response to Hurricane Sandy, Malloy partially activated the state's Emergency Operations Center on October 26, 2012 and signed a Declaration of Emergency the next day. On October 28, President Barack Obama approved Connecticut's request for an emergency declaration, and hundreds of National Guard personnel were deployed. On October 29, Malloy ordered road closures for all state highways. Numerous mandatory and partial evacuations were issued in cities across Connecticut. Malloy's strong initial response is credited with helping the state to avoid much of the damage that affected neighbouring New York City and nearby New Jersey. Five people were killed and over 30,000 houses were destroyed. The Federal Emergency Management Agency gave the state over $283 million in the 6 months following the hurricane and in August 2013, Malloy announced that the Department of Housing and Urban Development was giving another $71.8 million.
Chancellor of University of Maine System
Malloy was unanimously chosen by the University of Maine System Board of Trustees to be its Chancellor on May 30, 2019, with his service beginning on July 1. Under Malloy's leadership, since 2021, three of the eight University of Maine System campus presidents have resigned (University of Maine at Augusta, University of Maine at Farmington, and University of Southern Maine). In 2022, Malloy withheld information on a prior campus faculty vote of "No Confidence" for the replacement president hired at University of Maine Augusta, and presided over the layoff of nine tenure-rank faculty positions at University of Maine at Farmington. Subsequently, the faculty senates of University of Maine at Augusta and University of Southern Maine voted "No Confidence" in Malloy and called for his resignation, and the students of University of Maine at Farmington held a "sit in" and also called for Malloy's resignation as Chancellor.
Memberships
Chairman of the Democratic Governors Association, 2016 – 2017
Trustee and Vice Chair for Education of the Jobs, Education & Workforce Committee, United States Conference of Mayors
Co-chair of Small Business/Partner America Task Force, United States Conference of Mayors
Former Member, Executive Committee of the Democratic National Committee
Former President, Connecticut Conference of Municipalities
Adjunct Professor, the University of Connecticut
Member, Board of Trustees, Mitchell College, New London, Connecticut
Member, Mayors Against Illegal Guns Coalition
Personal life
Malloy and his wife have been married since 1982. Cathy Malloy is the chief executive officer of the Greater Hartford Arts Council. She formerly served as executive director of the Center for Sexual Assault Crisis Counseling and Education serving lower Fairfield County. The couple has three sons: Dannel, Ben, and Sam.
Electoral history
See also
2006 Connecticut gubernatorial election
2010 Connecticut gubernatorial election
2014 Connecticut gubernatorial election
References
External links
Governor Dannel P. Malloy official government website
Dan Malloy for Governor
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1955 births
20th-century American lawyers
21st-century American politicians
American gun control activists
American people of Irish descent
American prosecutors
Boston College Law School alumni
Catholics from Connecticut
Connecticut Democrats
Democratic Party state governors of the United States
Governors of Connecticut
Living people
Mayors of Stamford, Connecticut
Maine lawyers
Connecticut lawyers
New York (state) lawyers
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People with dyslexia
University of Connecticut faculty
Record Collection artists |
5398548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandberg%20Mountain | Brandberg Mountain | The Brandberg (Damara: Dâures; ) is Namibia's highest mountain.
Location and extent
Brandberg Mountain is located in former Damaraland, now Erongo, in the northwestern Namib Desert, near the coast, and covers an area of approximately 650 km2. With its highest point, the Königstein (German for 'King's Stone'), standing at above sea level and located on the flat Namib gravel plains, on a clear day 'The Brandberg' can be seen from a great distance. There are various routes to the summit, the easiest (also steepest) being up the Ga'aseb river valley, but other routes include the Hungurob and Tsisab river valleys. The nearest settlement is Uis, roughly 30 km from the mountain.
The core area of was declared a National Monument in 1951.
Origin of name
The name Brandberg is Afrikaans, Dutch and German for Burning Mountain, which comes from its glowing color which is sometimes seen in the setting sun. The Damara name for the mountain is Dâures, which means 'burning mountain', while the Herero name, Omukuruvaro means 'mountain of the Gods'.
Geology
The Brandberg Massif or Brandberg Intrusion is a granitic intrusion, which forms a dome-shaped massif. It originated during Early Cretaceous rifting that led to the opening of the South Atlantic Ocean. Argon–argon dating yielded intrusive ages of 132 to 130 Ma. The dominant plutonic rock is a homogeneous medium grained biotite-hornblende granite. In the western interior of the massif (Naib gorge), a 2 km in diameter body of pyroxene-bearing monzonite is exposed. The youngest intrusive rocks based on cross-cutting relations are arfvedsonite granite dikes and sills in the southwestern periphery of the Brandberg massif which crop out in the Amis valley. The arfvedsonite granites contain minerals rich in rare-earth element minerals such as pyrochlore and bastnaesite. Remnants of Cretaceous volcanic rocks are preserved in a collar along the western and southern margins of the massif. Their angle of dip increases towards the contact where clasts of country rock occur within the granite forming a magmatic breccia. The origins of the magmas that formed the Brandberg intrusion are related to emplacement of mantle-derived basaltic magma during continental break-up which led to partial melting of crustal rocks resulting in a hybrid granitic magma. Erosion subsequently removed the overburden rock. Apatite fission track dating indicates approximately 5 km denudation between 80 and 60 Ma.
An associated feature is the Doros Complex.
Rock painting
The Brandberg is a spiritual site of great significance to the San (Bushman) tribes. The main tourist attraction is The White Lady rock painting, located on a rock face with other art work, under a small rock overhang, in the Tsisab Ravine at the foot of the mountain. The ravine contains more than 1 000 rock shelters, as well as more than 45 000 rock paintings.
To reach The White Lady it is necessary to hike for about 40 minutes over rough terrain, along the ancient watercourses threading through the mountain.
The higher elevations of the mountain contain hundreds of further rock paintings, most of which have been painstakingly documented by Harald Pager, who made tens of thousands of hand copies. Pager's work was posthumously published by the Heinrich Bart Institute, in the six volume series "Rock Paintings of the Upper Brandberg" edited by Tilman Lenssen-Erz. (I. Amis Gorge, II. Hungorob Gorge, III. Southern Gorges (Ga'aseb & Orabes), IV. Umuab & Karoab Gorges, V. Naib (A)and the Northwest, VI. Naib (B), Circus & Dom Gorges. Volume VII. Numas Gorge is unlikely to be published due to discontinued funding.)
Wildlife
The Brandberg is also home to some interesting desert flora. Damaraland is well known for its grotesque aloes and euphorbias and the region around the mountain is no exception. The area has many plants and trees that have an alien appearance, due in part to the extreme climatic conditions.
The area is uninhabited and wild. It is very arid and finding water can be difficult or impossible. In summer temperatures over 40 °C are routine.
Nonetheless, the Brandberg area is home to a large diversity of wildlife. The numbers of animals are small because the environment cannot support large populations, however most of the desert species that are found in Namibia are present and visitors to the area might glimpse a desert dwelling elephant or a rare black rhino.
The new insect taxon Mantophasmatodea was first discovered on this mountain in 2002.
The scorpion fauna of the Brandberg massif is probably the richest in southern Africa.
Flora of Namibia
The Brandberg lies within the Karroo-Namib floristic region and few members of the Cape flora are represented.
A checklist of 357 species was published in 1974 by Bertil Nordenstam stating that 11 taxa are endemic to the Brandberg, with a further 28 species endemic to the Kaoko element.
A large and significant group of species has a disjunction between the Karroo-Namib region in the south, and the arid parts of north-east Africa. These appear to be remnants of a hypothesised arid-track joining the two areas.
Noteworthy species
Aloidendron dichotomum is the largest and arguably the most conspicuous succulent on the mountain exceeding 5m height. It is infrequently encountered, mainly on the upper southern slopes.
Cyphostemma currorii is another large succulent of the grape family that is scattered across the mountain.
Myrothamnus flabellifolius is the resurrection plant. It is common on some of the upper slopes, and can be made into a tea.
Olea europaea subsp. africana. Not normally associated with such arid regions, this is only known from the peak of Konigstein.
Brandberg endemics
Euphorbia monteiroi subsp. brandbergensis is a toxic upright succulent found in the upper altitudes. It is occasionally browsed, presumably by dassies (rock hyraxes).
Plumbago wissii has pink flowers.
Hermannia merxmuelleri was previously only known from Tsisab valley, and is unusual within the genus in having a crested capsule much like the American species of Hermannia and Hermannia cristata from the summer-rainfall region of South Africa.
Othonna brandbergensis discovered by B. Nordenstam on 29 May 1963.
Hoodia montana
Mentha wissii
Ruellia brandbergensis
Felicia gunellii
Nidorella nordenstamii
Pentzia tomentosa
Scirpus aciformis
Scirpus hystricoides
References
Literature
External links
Rock art of the Upper Brandberg
HBI Bookshop - Harald Pager volumes
3D perspective view at NASA
Timelapse photography of sunset
Mountains of Namibia
Geography of Erongo Region
Namibian savanna woodlands
National Monuments of Namibia
Natural monoliths
Inselbergs of Africa |
5398557 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abe%20Carver | Abe Carver | Abe Carver is a fictional character on the long-running American soap opera Days of Our Lives. Actor James Reynolds has played the character since he originated it on the series in 1981, and is currently the fifth longest serving actor on the show. The role is one of the longest-running African American characters in American soap operas. The character was created by head writer Pat Falken Smith. Abe is the widowed husband of Lexie Carver, daughter of international crime lord, Stefano DiMera. He is the father of Brandon Walker and Theo Carver.
Storylines
Abe grows up in Salem with his siblings, Theo, Jonah and Karen. His passion for justice starts young, but amplifies after Theo is killed by a crooked police officer. Abe joins the Salem Police Department determined to rid the city of filth, including international crime lord, Stefano DiMera. Abe is also the police officer who investigates Anna Brady's claim that she was sold into white slavery. She reports the existence of her secret Swiss bank account to her husband, Roman Brady.
Abe starts a relationship with Nikki Wade, but this is cut short after he stands her up at a débutante ball in favor of heading up a drug bust. He is also in two short-lived relationships with Dr. Valerie Grant and singer Tamara Price. Before Abe's promotion to police chief, he meets and marries Lexie Brooks. Over the years, their marriage gets compromised due to Lexie being the daughter of Stefano.
His next major storyline involves the Aremid wedding of Peter Blake and Jennifer Horton. Abe is caught up in the investigation of Tony DiMera's murder. Abe and Lexi go to Paris to find Marlena Evans when Stefano kidnapped her. They end up finding and saving Marlena and catching Stefano but are unable to prosecute him, because only Stefano has a drug that can save Roman's life. Abe, Lexi, and John Black help break Stefano out of jail and later he is pardoned for his crimes after returning to Salem with the drug Roman needed.
Later, Abe and Lexie adopt baby Isaac, thinking he is the child of DiMera henchman Wilhelm Rolf. Isaac is actually the son of Bo Brady and Hope Brady who was switched at birth by Stefano. Abe is later appalled to learn that Lexie knew of the switch, but hides the truth from him. Abe files for divorce but after Lexie helps Hope, Brady and her son Zack, Lexie and Abe reconcile.
Brandon Walker comes to Salem with a deep hatred of Abe. Lexie sleeps with Brandon in a weak moment and becomes pregnant, unsure if Abe or Brandon is the father. It is revealed Abe is the father and Lexie and Abe reconcile for good. Brandon's presence causes issues for Abe until it is revealed that Brandon is Abe's illegitimate son with Fay Walker. After some time, Abe and Brandon embrace each other as family, and have since had a good relationship.
In 2003, Abe is supposedly dead on the day of Theo's christening, becoming the first victim of the Salem serial killer. Months later, he is revealed to be alive – his death having been faked – on a remote tropical island, Melaswen, which is a complete replica of Salem. He works together with Roman and the others to escape the island. Abe is reunited with Lexie and Theo but goes blind and learns that he is impotent. His anger shines through and he becomes paranoid that Lexie is cheating. Eventually, Abe's eyesight is restored but an anonymous note leads him to a motel where he finds Lexie having sex with his protege, Salem police officer Tek Kramer. Their marriage is in turmoil for a while until Abe uses Lexie in the investigation of her half-brother, EJ DiMera, and Abe falls back in love with her. They stay together until Lexie disappears on December 29, 2006.
Abe's eyesight starts to deteriorate again and he undergoes a second retina transplant. At the same time, Lexie is found in the tunnels under Doug's Place and the DiMera mansion, where André DiMera has kept her against her will for months. The transplant is successful and Abe returns to work as the Commissioner of the Salem Police Department. In the fall of 2010, Abe returned full-time to the screen. He began investigating the murders of the people of Salem, because he did not want anyone going through what he already had. However, the tables may turn on him when Stefano decided that he was going to frame Abe for the murders.
In June 2012, Lexie, who has cancer, died peacefully in Abe's arms.
In 2015, Abe finds out that he has a daughter, Lani Price, that he fathered with Tamara.
In 2021, it was revealed that Lani wasn't his daughter but actually the daughter of Tamara's sister Paulina, and that Tamara had raised Lani as her own child.
Cultural impact
James Reynolds' portrayal of Abe Carver since 1981 has made Abe the longest-running African American character in American soap opera history. Having logged more hours on television than most actors, Reynolds is also a humanitarian and his work on Days of our Lives helps continue his work. For his role as Abe Carver, James Reynolds earned a Daytime Emmy Award nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in 2004, and won the award for Outstanding Lead Actor in 2018.
References
External links
Abe Carver profile - SoapCentral.com
Days of Our Lives characters
Fictional African-American people
Fictional mayors
Fictional American police officers
Fictional police commissioners
Television characters introduced in 1981
Male characters in television |
4003388 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycine%20encephalopathy | Glycine encephalopathy | Glycine encephalopathy is a rare autosomal recessive disorder of glycine metabolism. After phenylketonuria, glycine encephalopathy is the second most common disorder of amino acid metabolism. The disease is caused by defects in the glycine cleavage system, an enzyme responsible for glycine catabolism. There are several forms of the disease, with varying severity of symptoms and time of onset. The symptoms are exclusively neurological in nature, and clinically this disorder is characterized by abnormally high levels of the amino acid glycine in bodily fluids and tissues, especially the cerebrospinal fluid.
Glycine encephalopathy is sometimes referred to as "nonketotic hyperglycinemia" (NKH), as a reference to the biochemical findings seen in patients with the disorder, and to distinguish it from the disorders that cause "ketotic hyperglycinemia" (seen in propionic acidemia and several other inherited metabolic disorders). To avoid confusion, the term "glycine encephalopathy" is often used, as this term more accurately describes the clinical symptoms of the disorder.
Signs and symptoms
It typically presents as a severe encephalopathy with myoclonic seizures, is rapidly progressive and eventually results in respiratory arrest. Standard evaluation for inborn errors of metabolism and other causes of this presentation does not reveal any abnormality (no acidosis, no hypoglycaemia, or hyperammonaemia and no other organ affected). Pronounced and sustained hiccups in an encephalopathic infant have been described as a typical observation in non-ketotic hyperglycinaemia.
Genetics
Glycine encephalopathy has an estimated incidence of 1 in 60,000, making it the second most common disorder of amino acid metabolism, after phenylketonuria. It is caused by a defect in the glycine cleavage system (GCS), which is made up of four protein subunits. Each of these four subunits is encoded by a separate gene. Defects in three of these four genes have been linked to glycine encephalopathy.
There is a fourth unit in the complex, dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase or GCSL. However, to date there have been no mutations in GCSL found to be associated with glycine encephalopathy.
A small percentage of affected individuals do not have detectable mutations in any of the three genes (listed above) that are typically associated with the disease. However, they still show defective glycine-cleavage enzymatic activity. It is thought that these patients may have mutations in the genes encoding one of the cofactors associated with the GCS complex.
Defects in the GCS proteins can prevent the complex from functioning properly or can prevent the GCS complex from forming entirely. When the complex is unable to metabolize glycine properly, this causes excess glycine to build up to toxic levels in the body's organs and tissues. Damage caused by elevated levels of glycine in the brain and cerebrospinal fluid is responsible for the characteristic seizures, breathing difficulties, movement disorders, and intellectual disability.
This disorder is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. The term "autosomal" signifies that the gene associated with the disorder is located on an autosome. In an autosomal recessive inheritance pattern, two defective copies of the gene (one inherited from each parent) are required in order for a child to be born with the disorder. Therefore, each parent of an individual with an autosomal recessive disorder has at least one defective copy of the gene. With autosomal recessive disorders, individuals with only one copy of a defective gene (heterozygotes) are considered "carriers" for the disorder. Carriers usually do not show signs or symptoms of the disorder.
Pathophysiology
Glycine is the simplest amino acid, having no stereoisomers. It can act as a neurotransmitter in the brain, act as an inhibitor in the spinal cord and brain stem, while having excitatory effects in the cortex of the brain. Glycine is metabolized to final end products of ammonia and carbon dioxide through the glycine cleavage system (GCS), an enzyme complex made up of four protein subunits. Defects in these subunits can cause glycine encephalopathy, although some causes of the disease are still unknown. Normally, GCS shows its highest enzymatic activity in liver, brain and placental tissue. One of its main functions is to maintain normal glycine levels in the brain. Defects in GCS cause an increase of glycine concentration in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid. The exact pathophysiology of the disorder is not known, but it is considered likely that buildup of glycine in the brain is responsible for the symptoms.
All forms of glycine encephalopathy show elevated levels of glycine in the plasma, as well as in cerebral spinal fluid (CSF). Glycine concentrations in the CSF of affected patients are typically more markedly elevated than in plasma, leading to a corresponding elevation in the ratio of glycine concentrations in the cerebral spinal fluid to that in the plasma. This ratio can also be slightly elevated in patients receiving valproic acid.
Glycine encephalopathy (nonketotic hyperglycinemia, or NKH) should not be confused with other metabolic disorders that can produce elevated glycine levels. For example, certain inherited 'organic acidurias' (aka 'organic acidemias') can produce elevated glycine in plasma and urine, although these disorders are not caused by defects in the glycine cleavage system, and they are not typically accompanied by corresponding elevations of glycine in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Glycine encephalopathy is unique in the fact that levels of glycine are disproportionately elevated in CSF (in addition to elevations in blood and urine), whereas CSF glycine levels are normal or near-normal in patients with inherited organic acidurias.
Glycine metabolism
Glycine is metabolized in the body's cells to end products of carbon dioxide and ammonia. The glycine cleavage system, which is responsible for glycine metabolism in the mitochondria is made up of four protein subunits, the P-protein, H-protein, T-protein and L-protein.
Diagnosis
Classification
There are several different forms of glycine encephalopathy, which can be distinguished by the age of onset, as well as the types and severity of symptoms. All forms of glycine encephalopathy present with only neurological symptoms, including intellectual disability (IQ scores below 20 are common), hypotonia, apneic seizures, and brain malformations.
With the classical, or neonatal presentation of glycine encephalopathy, the infant is born after an unremarkable pregnancy, but presents with lethargy, hypotonia, apneic seizures and myoclonic jerks, which can progress to apnea requiring artificial ventilation, and often death. Apneic patients can regain spontaneous respiration in their second to third week of life. After recovery from the initial episode, patients have intractable seizures and profound intellectual disability, remaining developmentally delayed. Some mothers comment retrospectively that they noticed fetal rhythmic "hiccuping" episodes during pregnancy, most likely reflecting seizure episodes in utero. Patients with the infantile form of glycine encephalopathy do not show lethargy and coma in the neonatal period, but often have a history of hypotonia. They often have seizures, which can range in severity and responsiveness to treatment, and they are typically developmentally delayed. Glycine encephalopathy can also present as a milder form with episodic seizures, ataxia, movement disorders, and gaze palsy during febrile illness. These patients are also developmentally delayed, to varying degrees. In the later onset form, patients typically have normal intellectual function, but present with spastic diplegia and optic atrophy. The mild form of the disorder corresponds to greatly reduced but not fully absent GCS activity.
Transient neonatal hyperglycinemia has been described in a very small number of cases. Initially, these patients present with the same symptoms and laboratory results that are seen in the classical presentation. However, levels of glycine in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid typically normalize within eight weeks, and in five of six cases there were no neurological issues detected at follow-up times up to thirteen years. A single patient was severely retarded at nine months. The suspected cause of transient neonatal hyperglicinemia is attributed to low activity of the glycine cleavage system in the immature brain and liver of the neonate.
Treatment
A treatment of sodium benzoate, which binds to glycine and forms hippurate, and dextromethorphan, which weakly inhibits the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors that glycine acts on has been shown to improve outcomes in select cases where the disorder is present in attenuated form.
Prognosis
The prognosis is very poor. Two studies reported typical age of deaths in infancy or early childhood, with the first reporting a median age of death of 2.6 for boys and less than 1 month for girls.
Research
Response to treatment is variable and the long-term and functional outcome is unknown. To provide a basis for improving the understanding of the epidemiology, genotype/phenotype correlation and outcome of these diseases their impact on the quality of life of patients, and for evaluating diagnostic and therapeutic strategies a patient registry was established by the noncommercial International Working Group on Neurotransmitter Related Disorders (iNTD).
See also
List of amino acid metabolism disorders
inborn errors of metabolism
References
External links
Amino acid metabolism disorders
Inborn errors of metabolism
Autosomal recessive disorders
Rare diseases
pl:Nieketonowa hiperglicynemia
sr:Хиперглицинемија |
5398569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociaci%C3%B3n%20Deportiva%20Atl%C3%A9tico%20Villa%20Gesell | Asociación Deportiva Atlético Villa Gesell | Asociación Deportiva Atlético Villa Gesell, mostly known as Atlético Villa Gesell, is an Argentine sports club from Villa Gesell, Buenos Aires Province. The stadium was named in honour to Carlos Idaho Gesell, the founder of the city. The team has taken part of Liga Madariaguense tournaments since 1976. Mostly known for its football team, Atlético Villa Gesell also hosts the practise of athletics, field hockey, volleyball and figure skating.
The club was founded on December 7, 1974, being Eduardo Castillo its first president. In 1989 Atlético won the Liga Madariaguense tournament, which allowed it to play at 1990 Torneo Regional. In 2011, Atlético qualified to play at Torneo Argentino C after beating El León 2–1 in the city of General Madariaga.
Titles
Liga Madariaguense de Fútbol: 5
1989, 1991, 1993, 1995, 2002
References
External links
Official website
Liga Madariaguense de Fútbol
Villa Gesell
Association football clubs established in 1974
1974 establishments in Argentina |
5398572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinhard%20Maack | Reinhard Maack | Reinhard Maack (2 October 1892 – 26 August 1969) was a German explorer, geologist and geographer.
Maack was born in Herford. While he was working as a surveyor and the headmaster of Windhoek school in central Namibia, he discovered 'The White Lady' rock painting in 1918. Maack was at the time convinced that the art had distinct European style and this view was upheld by various prominent archaeologists of the day.
'The White Lady' has been controversially dated from 6,000 to 20,000 years old. It was discovered in Namibia and was supposedly of European (or as was more specifically speculated, Mediterranean) origin. The controversial date meant that the whole theory of the "cradle of civilization" being in east or central Africa was thrown into chaos.
Maack died in Curitiba, Brazil, aged 76.
Honors
In May 1959, Maack attended the commemoration ceremony for the 100th anniversary of the death of Alexander von Humboldt in Berlin; he received the Carl Ritter Medal.
On 1 July 1969 he was awarded the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany.
References
External links
Website dedicated to Reinhard Maack (translated through Google)
Explorers of Africa
German explorers
Commanders Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from Herford
1892 births
1969 deaths |
5398586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBXI | WBXI | WBXI is a set of call letters used for the following television stations:
WBXI-CD, Indianapolis, IN
WBXI, a WB 100+ Station Group affiliate in Binghamton, NY, which is predecessor of WBNG-TV's .2 subchannel |
5398588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combat%20Medical%20Technician | Combat Medical Technician | A combat medical technician (CMT) is a soldier with a specialist military trade within the Royal Army Medical Corps of the British Army.
Role
The fully trained combat medical technician or CMT is capable of:
assisting with the management of surgical, medical and psychiatric casualties from the onset of the condition until the casualty is admitted to a hospital offering specialist care. This capacity is to include the immediate necessary first aid and other sustaining procedures required to hold a casualty for a limited period in a non-hospital situation.
undertaking the administrative procedures and documentation for casualties in field units, medical reception stations and unit medical centres, including those required for and during casualty
Class 3 and 2 standards
Trained in anatomy, physiology and first aid.
Has a general understanding of medical terminology and is capable of carrying out first aid in an emergency situation until expert medical assistance is available
Works under supervision to provide assistance to medical officers in field units and medical reception stations.
Assists in setting up field medical units and is trained in medical fieldcraft including the use of radio equipment, navigation by foot or vehicle across country and field medical equipment
Capable of carrying out basic nursing procedures
Initiates and maintains casualty documentation and supply/equipment documentation
Recognises abnormalities in casualty observations, body appearances and consciousness levels
Trained in basic life support (BLS) to UK Resuscitation Council guidelines
Trained in Army environmental health issues at unit level
Class 1 standard
As for Class 2 and 3, but with additional training and experience (see above)
Provides health advice to non medical junior commanders
Has a good understanding of anatomy and physiology
Is able to take control of an emergency situation
Is trained in basic diagnostic techniques and able to report findings to medical services
Advises on basic field hygiene
Capable of advanced first aid and using advanced resuscitation techniques
Administers non-controlled drugs ordered by a medical officer
Administers drugs by oral route, inhalations, plus intradermal-, intramuscular- and subcutaneous injection
Sutures simple wounds
Maintains, or supervises the maintenance of, and indents for medical equipment
Trains junior medical assistants
Additionally, at Class 1 the CMT is trained in the procedures and principles of Battlefield Advanced Trauma Life Support (BATLS), which includes advanced life support, cricothyrotomy and thoracentesis.
Further progression by rank
At the rank of corporal, the combat medical technician also supervises and controls medical assistants working in medical unit departments, such as medical section 2 i/c in a close support (CS) medical regiment.
At the rank of sergeant or staff sergeant, the combat medical technician takes charge of a department, accounting for equipment and carrying out the administrative duties for soldiers within the department, medical section commander in a close support (CS) medical regiment or a role 2 medical treatment facility within a general support (GS) medical regiment.
At the rank of warrant officer, the combat medical technician supervises a number of departments, and maintains discipline and morale within those departments, providing for the efficiency and effectiveness of the unit.
See also
Medical Assistant (Royal Navy)
Royal Army Medical Corps
Battlefield medicine
Military medicine
Medic
Combat medic
Flight medic
Ambulance#Military use
Michelle Norris
References
Army Form B6360 Rev 10/99
British Army site
External links
Army Medic home page
Corpsman.com, a site run by docs for docs, of all US military services
Virtual Naval Hospital - a digital library of military medicine and humanitarian medicine
British Army specialisms
Military medicine in the United Kingdom
Royal Army Medical Corps |
4003395 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loose%20Fur | Loose Fur | Loose Fur was an American rock supergroup comprising Wilco members Jeff Tweedy and Glenn Kotche, along with Wilco collaborator and Sonic Youth's multi-instrumentalist Jim O'Rourke. The trio first convened in May 2000 in preparation for a Tweedy performance at a festival in Chicago. Tweedy was offered the opportunity to collaborate with an artist of his choosing, and he decided to work with O'Rourke. O'Rourke brought Kotche to a rehearsal session, and the trio recorded an album's worth of songs. The trio have since released two albums, 2003's Loose Fur and 2006's Born Again in the USA, for Drag City. The band has only toured once.
The band is noted for its influence on Wilco's fourth album, Yankee Hotel Foxtrot. Tweedy was unhappy with how music from the initial recording sessions for the album was sounding, resulting in a lineup change for the band. Both O'Rourke and Kotche replaced members of Wilco during the recording sessions for the album, and both contributed to the band's recordings through 2007's Sky Blue Sky. Kotche remains a member of Wilco .
Formation
In the winter of 1999, Wilco lead singer Jeff Tweedy acquired a copy of Jim O'Rourke's 1997 album Bad Timing. The album featured four instrumental tracks that juxtaposed guitar parts with orchestration. Tweedy liked how O'Rourke's music was varied and "not easily categorized". According to Tweedy:
Tweedy was invited to perform with a collaborator of his choice for the 2000 Noise Pop Festival in Chicago. The festival promoter offered to pair him with members of the Mekons, but Tweedy decided to collaborate with O'Rourke. The pair met at O'Rourke's apartment a few days before the festival. They listened to gramophone records by T. Rex, Phil Niblock, and Roy Harper; later that night they wrote material for the concert and agreed to meet the next day at the Wilco loft in Chicago. O'Rourke invited Glenn Kotche, a drummer who played in a similar musical style, to the practice session. Tweedy found lyrical inspiration from word exercises; for example, he picked out random words from a copy of TV Guide and formed abstract lines such as "you boil hearts and discuss birds". He also sought to improve as a guitarist, taking influence from free jazz artists such as James "Blood" Ulmer.
On May 14, 2000, Jeff Tweedy played the Noise Pop Festival at Double Door in a concert that polarized Wilco fans. Natalie Merchant joined the band onstage, but left after Tweedy requested that she perform Utah Phillips' murder ballad "Rock Salt and Nails". Among the new material performed at the concert was "Laminated Cat", a reworked version of a Wilco demo entitled "Not for the Season"—Tweedy was unhappy with the straightforwardness of Wilco's version. The trio decided to name their band Loose Fur and recorded a six-song album in the summer of 2000. The band also made an uncredited appearance on O'Rourke's 2001 solo album Insignificance. The Loose Fur album was not released at the time because Tweedy was busy recording Wilco's fourth album, Yankee Hotel Foxtrot.
Influence on Yankee Hotel Foxtrot
By winter 2000, Wilco had completed enough material for an album release. However, Tweedy was dissatisfied with the "emotional center" of the recordings. He wanted the release to sound more like the music he had recorded with Loose Fur, although he "couldn't put his finger on why." Tweedy wanted the album to advance the sound of Wilco in a similar fashion as Being There and Summerteeth. He became irritated by Wilco drummer Ken Coomer because Coomer disliked playing consistent drum patterns each time that the band played a song. Wilco guitarist Jay Bennett also soured on Coomer because of the drummer's lack of patience and consistency. Although he briefly considered adding Kotche as a secondary percussionist, Tweedy decided to replace Coomer with his Loose Fur bandmate:
Kotche re-wrote the drum parts for the album almost immediately upon his acceptance into the band. In one instance, he reworked "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart" by adding parts played on hubcaps, crotales, and floor tiles. Although some members were unsure about the decision to replace Coomer with Kotche, the band unanimously supported the decision after hearing Kotche's new percussion parts. According to Bennett:
Coomer wasn't the only band member that struck a nerve with Tweedy during the recording sessions. Tweedy was unhappy with the way that Bennett mixed parts of the album, particularly the sequences between songs. Tweedy felt that Bennett was "burning out" while mixing the album, and invited Jim O'Rourke to remix "I Am Trying to Break Your Heart". Although Bennett conceded that O'Rourke did a better job of mixing the song, animosity arose between the two engineers. O'Rourke continued to remix more songs, and attempted to increase the drama of the album by reducing the contributions by the backing members of Wilco. He removed so many parts on some songs that only music by Tweedy, Kotche, and himself—the three members of Loose Fur—appeared on those pieces.
Recording career
On January 28, 2003, Loose Fur released the six-track album that they recorded at the Wilco loft in 2000. Unlike Yankee Hotel Foxtrot, Loose Fur featured only one overdub per song. The band played two shows in Brooklyn, NY in support of the album, playing their first live show as "Loose Fur" on December 6, 2002.
In October 2005, Tweedy announced that the band was nearly finished recording their second Loose Fur album. The album, Born Again in the USA, was the first album to consist mostly of O'Rourke lyrics since Insignificance. Unlike their first album, Loose Fur did not tour to support the album. In contrast to their eponymous debut, Born Again in the USA was heavier with more harmonized guitar parts. Both of their albums were received favorably by critics. Tweedy performed "The Ruling Class" and "Laminated Cat" on a solo performance DVD in 2005. Glenn Kotche is still the drummer for Wilco, and Jim O'Rourke is a regular collaborator with the band; both performed on A Ghost Is Born and Sky Blue Sky. In a 2016 interview, Jeff Tweedy confirmed that the band has already recorded a followup to Born Again In The USA, but that the recordings had not yet undergone post-production.
Discography
Notes
References
External links
Loose Fur at Drag City
Alternative rock groups from Chicago
American post-rock groups
Indie rock musical groups from Illinois
Drag City (record label) artists
Musical groups established in 2000
Musical groups disestablished in 2006
Wilco |
4003409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/District%20of%20Columbia%20Olympic%20Committee | District of Columbia Olympic Committee | The District of Columbia Olympic Committee was launched in 2005 as an effort to call attention to District of Columbia's lack of voting rights in the U.S. Congress.
The District of Columbia, American Samoa, Puerto Rico, Guam, the U.S. Virgin Islands, and the Northern Mariana Islands, while part of the United States, each only have one, nonvoting delegate in the U.S. House of Representatives. However, unlike those other American territories (except the Northern Marianas), D.C. lacks its own "National" Olympic Committee.
In late 2005, a group of D.C. residents, headed by Mike Panetta, launched the DC Olympic Committee (DCOC) with their first team, curling. Started with D.C. voting rights in mind, this advocacy group seeks to gain recognition from the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as an official member.
In 2008, the sport chosen was racewalking.
See also
District of Columbia voting rights
External links
Washington Post article on the curling team
Express article on the racewalking team
Fox 5 DC video on the curling team.
Voting rights
Sports in Washington, D.C.
Unrecognized National Olympic Committees |
5398593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kostas%20Georgakis | Kostas Georgakis | Kostas Georgakis () (23 August 194819 September 1970) was a Greek student of geology, who in the early hours of 19 September 1970, set himself ablaze in Matteotti square in Genoa in a fatal protest against the dictatorial regime of Georgios Papadopoulos.
Early life
Georgakis grew up in Corfu in a family of five. His father was a self-employed tailor of modest means. Both his father and grandfather distinguished themselves in the major wars that Greece fought in the 20th century. He attended the second lyceum in Corfu where he excelled in his studies. In August 1967, a few months after the 21 April coup in Greece, Georgakis went to Italy to study as a geologist in Genoa. He received 5,000 drachmas per month from his father and this, according to friends' testimony, made him feel guilty for the financial burden his family endured so that he could attend a university. In Italy he met Rosanna, an Italian girl of the same age and they got engaged. In 1968 Georgakis became a member of the Center Union party of Georgios Papandreou.
Protest
On 26 July 1970, Georgakis gave an anonymous interview to a Genovese magazine, during which he revealed that the military junta's intelligence service had infiltrated the Greek student movement in Italy. In the interview he denounced the junta and its policies and stated that the intelligence service created the National League of Greek students in Italy and established offices in major university cities. A copy of the recording of the interview was obtained by the Greek consulate and the identity of Georgakis was established.
Soon after, he was attacked by members of the junta student movement. While in the third year of his studies and having passed the exams of the second semester Georgakis found himself in the difficult position of having his military exemption rescinded by the junta as well as his monthly stipend that he received from his family. The junta retaliated for his involvement in the anti-junta resistance movement in Italy as a member of the Italian branch of PAK. His family in Corfu also sent him a letter describing the pressure that the regime was applying to them.
Fearing for his family in Greece, Georgakis decided that he had to make an act to raise awareness in the West about the political predicament of Greece. Once he made the decision to sacrifice his life, Georgakis filled a canister with gasoline, wrote a letter to his father and gave his fiancée Rosanna his windbreaker telling her to keep it because he would not need it any longer.
Around 1:00 a.m. on 19 September 1970, Georgakis drove his Fiat 500 to Matteotti square. According to eyewitness accounts by street cleaners working around the Palazzo Ducale there was a sudden bright flash of light in the area at around 3:00 am. At first they did not realise that the flame was a burning man. Only when they approached closer did they see Georgakis burning and running while ablaze shouting, "Long Live Greece", "Down with the tyrants", "Down with the fascist colonels" and "I did it for my Greece." The street cleaners added that at first Georgakis refused their help and ran away from them when they tried to extinguish the fire. They also said that the smell of burning flesh was something they would never forget and that Georgakis was one in a million.
According to an account by his father who went to Italy after the events, Georgakis's body was completely carbonised from the waist down up to a depth of at least three centimetres in his flesh. Georgakis died nine hours after the events in the square at around 12 noon the same day. His last words were: Long Live Free Greece.
Reaction of the junta
The Greek newspaper To Vima in the January 2009 article "The 'return' of Kostas Georgakis" with the subtitle "Even the remains of the student who sacrificed himself for Democracy caused panic to the dictatorship" by Fotini Tomai, supervisor of the historical and diplomatic archives of the Greek Ministry of Foreign Affairs. The article reports that throughout the crisis in Italy the Greek consulate sent confidential reports to the junta where it raised fears that the death of Georgakis would be compared to the death of Jan Palach (through express diplomatic letter of 20 September 1970 Greek: ΑΠ 67, εξ. επείγον, 20 Σεπτεμβρίου 1970) and could adversely affect Greek tourism while at the same time it raised concerns that Georgakis's grave would be used for anti-junta propaganda and "anti-nation pilgrimage" and "political exploitation".
Through a diplomatic letter dated 25 August 1972 (ΑΠ 167/ΑΣ 1727, 25 Αυγούστου 1972) Greek consular authorities in Italy reported to the junta in Athens that an upcoming Italian film about Georgakis would seriously damage the junta and it was proposed that the junta take measures through silent third-party intervention to obtain the worldwide distribution rights of the film so that it would not fall into the hands of German, Scandinavian, American stations and the BBC which were reported as interested in obtaining it. The film was scheduled to appear at the "Primo Italiano" festival in Torino, at the festival of Pesaro and the Venice anti-festival under the title "Galani Hora" ("Blue Country"; in Italian, "Uno dei tre"). Gianni Serra was the director and the film was a coproduction by RAI and CTC at a total cost of 80 million Italian lire. The dictatorship was also afraid that the film would create the same anti-junta sentiment as the film Z by Costa-Gavras.
The minister of Foreign Affairs of the junta Xanthopoulos-Palamas in the secret encrypted message ΑΠ ΓΤΛ 400-183 of 26 November 1970 (ΑΠ ΓΤΛ 400-183 απόρρητον κρυπτοτύπημα, 26 Νοεμβρίου 1970) suggests to the Greek consular authorities in Italy to take precautions so that during the loading of the remains on the ship to avoid any noise and publicity. It was clear that the junta did not want a repeat of the publicity that occurred during Georgakis's funeral procession on 22 September 1970 in Italy.
On 22 September 1970 Melina Merkouri led a demonstration of hundreds of flag and banner-waving Italian and Greek anti-junta resistance members during the funeral procession of Georgakis in Italy. Merkouri was holding a bouquet of flowers for the dead hero. According to press reports Greek secret service agents were sent from Greece for the occasion. The number of people at the funeral was estimated at 1,500. In another diplomatic letter it is mentioned that Stathis Panagoulis, brother of Alexandros Panagoulis was scheduled to give the funeral address but did not attend.
According to diplomatic message ΑΠ 432, dated 23 September 1970 (ΑΠ 432, 23 Σεπτεμβρίου 1970) from the Greek Embassy in Rome, then ambassador A. Poumpouras transmitted to the junta that hundreds of workers and anti-junta resistance members accompanied Georgakis's body from the hospital to the mausoleum in Genoa where he was temporarily interred. In the afternoon of the same day a demonstration of about a thousand was held which was organised by leftist parties shouting "anti-Hellenic" and anti-American slogans according to the ambassador. In the press conference which followed the demonstrations Melina Merkouri was scheduled to talk but instead Ioannis Leloudas from Paris and Chistos Stremmenos attended, the latter bearing a message from Andreas Papandreou. According to the ambassador's message Italian police took security precautions around the Greek consulate at the time, at the request of the Greek Embassy in Rome.
Another consular letter by consul N. Fotilas (ΑΠ 2 14 January 1971, ΑΠ 2, 14 Ιανουαρίου 1971) mentioned that on 13 January 1971 the remains of Georgakis were transferred to the ship Astypalaia owned by Vernikos-Eugenides under the Greek flag. The ship was scheduled to leave for Piraeus on 17 January carrying the remains of Georgakis to Greece. With this a series of obstacles, mishaps, adventures and misadventures involving the return of the remains came to an end.
On 18 January 1971, a secret operation was undertaken by the junta to finally bury Georgakis's remains in the municipal cemetery of Corfu city. A single police cruiser accompanied the Georgakis family, who were transported to the cemetery by taxi.
Letters written
Letter to his father
Georgakis wrote a final letter to his father. Newspaper publisher, and owner of Kathimerini, Helen Vlachos, in one of her books, mentions this letter as well.
Letter to a friend
In a letter to a friend Georgakis mentions:
Recognition
The Municipality of Corfu has dedicated a memorial in his honour near his home in Corfu city. His sacrifice was later recognized and honoured by the new democratic Hellenic Government after metapolitefsi.
In his monument a plaque is inscribed with his words in Greek. The monument was created gratis by sculptor Dimitris Korres.
Poet Nikiforos Vrettakos in his poem "I Thea tou Kosmou" (The View of the World) wrote for Georgakis:
Poet Yannis Koutsoheras in his poem "Kostas Georgakis self-immolating in the square of Genoa" wrote: "Living Cross Burning and a cry urbi et orbi transcending this world: -Freedom to Greece".
On 18 September 2000 in a special all-night event at Matteotti square, Genoa honoured the memory of Georgakis.
In Matteotti square where he died, a plaque stands with the inscription in Italian: La Grecia Libera lo ricorderà per sempre (Free Greece will remember him forever). The complete inscription on the plaque reads:
which translates in English:
Legacy
Georgakis is the only known junta opponent to have committed suicide in protest against the junta and he is considered the precursor of the later student protests, such as the Polytechnic uprising. At the time, his death caused a sensation in Greece and abroad as it was the first tangible manifestation of the depth of resistance against the junta. The junta delayed the arrival of his remains to Corfu for four months citing security reasons and fearing demonstrations while presenting bureaucratic obstacles through the Greek consulate and the junta government.
Kostas Georgakis is cited as an example indicating the strong relation between an individual's identity and his/her reasons to continue living. Georgakis' words were cited as an indication that his strong identification as a free individual gave him the reason to end his life.
Film
Once Upon A Time There Were Heroes, Direction: Andreas Apostolidis, Screenplay: Stelios Kouloglou, Cinematography: Vangelis Koulinos, Created by: Stelios Kouloglou, Production: Lexicon & Partners, BetacamSp Colour 58 minutes.
Reportage without frontiers: documentary Title: "The Georgakis Case" Director: Kostas Kouloglou
Uno dei tre (1973) Film by Gianni Serra
Books
C. Paputsis, Il grande sì, Il caso Kostas Georgakis, Genova, Erga Edizioni, 2000. .
See also
Liviu Cornel Babeş
Alain Escoffier
Oleksa Hirnyk
Romas Kalanta
List of political self-immolations
Evžen Plocek
Ryszard Siwiec
Thích Quảng Đức
Jan Zajíc
Citations and notes
External links
Story of Kostas on the website of the Corfu City Hall
1948 births
1970 suicides
Greek democracy activists
College students who committed suicide
Suicides by self-immolation
Student protests in Greece
People from Corfu
Suicides in Italy
Resistance to the Greek junta
Members of the Panhellenic Liberation Movement |
5398595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/That%20Feeling%2C%20You%20Can%20Only%20Say%20What%20It%20Is%20in%20French | That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French | "That Feeling, You Can Only Say What It Is in French” is a horror short story by American writer Stephen King. It was originally published in the June 22, 1998 issue of The New Yorker magazine. In 2002, it was collected in King's collection Everything's Eventual. It focuses on a married woman in a car ride on vacation constantly repeating the same events over and over, each event ending with the same gruesome outcome. In his closing remarks, King suggested that Hell is not "other people," as Sartre claimed, but repetition, enduring the same pain over and over again without end.
Plot summary
As the story progresses, a woman (Carol) begins to have déjà vu of the same car ride on their second honeymoon with the same bloody outcome every time. It never ends. It is implied, but never said, that they have crashed on the plane to their honeymoon location and they may be in Hell or Purgatory.
See also
Stephen King short fiction bibliography
External links
1998 short stories
Horror short stories
Short stories by Stephen King
Works originally published in The New Yorker |
4003428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zero1%20USA%20World%20Junior%20Heavyweight%20Championship | Zero1 USA World Junior Heavyweight Championship | The Zero1 USA World Junior Heavyweight Championship is a title defended in Pro Wrestling Zero1's American affiliate Zero1 USA. The title was previously defended in the Midwest territory of the National Wrestling Alliance as the NWA Midwest X Division Championship until 2011 when NWA Midwest disbanded following the stripping of Almighty Sheik (chairman of the territory) of the NWA Worlds Heavyweight Championship by NWA president Robert Trobich.
Title history
Combined reigns
{| class="wikitable sortable" style="text-align: center"
!Rank
!Wrestler
!No. ofreigns
!Combined days
|-
!1
| Oliver Cain || 1 || 812
|-
!2
| Jake Parnell || 2 || 609
|-
!3
| Matt Cage || 2 || 576
|-
!4
| Jake Lander || 2 || 560
|-
!5
| Jason Dukes || 1 || 505
|-
!6
| Matt Sydal || 2 || 472
|-
!7
| Jonathan Gresham || 1 || 362
|-
!8
| Troy Walters || 2 || 322
|-
!9
| Victor Analog || 1 || 287
|-
!10
| Jordan Perry || 1 || 266
|-
!11
| Alex Shelley || 1 || 245
|-
!12
| Blake Steel || 1 || 238
|-
!13
| Egotistico Fantastico || 1 || 229
|-
!14
| Austin Aries || 1 || 216
|-
!15
| Mason Quinn || 1 || 169-197
|-
!rowspan=2|16
| Dysfunction || 1 || 119
|-
| Gary Jay || 1 || 119
|-
!18
| Delirious || 1 || 112
|-
!19
| Jaysin Strife || 1 || 91
|-
!20
| Justin Kage || 1 || 82
|-
!21
| Bobby Valentino || 1 || 63
|-
!22
| Mickey McCoy || 1 || 49
|-
!23
|style="background-color:#FFE6BD"| Jimmy Karryt † || 1 || +
|-
!24
| Arya Daivari || 1 || <1
References
External links
NWA Midwest X Division Title history
ZERO1 USA World Junior Heavyweight Title history
Pro Wrestling Zero1 championships
National Wrestling Alliance championships
X Division championships
Junior heavyweight wrestling championships
World professional wrestling championships |
5398607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lexie%20Carver | Lexie Carver | Lexie Carver is a fictional character on the NBC soap opera, Days of Our Lives, created by head writer Leah Laiman. The role has been played most notably by actress Renée Jones, who appeared in the role from 1993 until departing in 2012. She is the daughter of crime boss Stefano DiMera, and the psychic Celeste Perrault. She is the mother of Theo Carver, and the wife of mayor Abe Carver.
Casting
The role was originated on July 30, 1987, by Cyndi James Gossett on a recurring basis. Gossett last appeared as Lexie on February 20, 1989. Angelique deWindt Francis portrayed the character from March 31, 1989, until August 2, 1990, and again from March 9 to December 12, 1992. Shellye Broughton appeared for two episodes on January 28 and 29, 1993, with Renée Jones taking over on February 2, 1993. Jones remained a regular until she was dropped to recurring status in 2007.
In April 2012, Jones confirmed in an interview with TV Guide's Michael Logan that she would vacate the role of Lexie Carver after 20 years and would retire into a simpler life, revealing that she is not happy in acting. Jones revealed that the exit of Lexie would likely be a permanent one. Jones last aired on June 28, 2012. On October 22, 2021, Jennifer Lee stepped into the role for a special episode focussing on Abe.
Storylines
Lexie is the wife of Salem mayor Abe Carver. She is the daughter of international criminal, Stefano DiMera, and Celeste Perrault, however she is raised to believe that her aunt Grace and Grace's husband are her biological parents.
Lexie Brooks first arrives in Salem in July 1987 as a police Officer and partner of Officer Abe Carver, but is subsequently kicked off the force for aiding her vigilante brother-in-law Jonah Carver. Lexie also becomes good friends with Diana Colville, the fiancée of John Black (who was then believed to be Roman Brady). Later in 1990, she goes through medical school and becomes a doctor. Abe and Lexie are married off-screen in 1991 when they elope. In September 1992, Lexie is believed to be pregnant, but it is revealed that the test was a false positive, devastating the couple.
Lexie has a history of cheating on her husband. She flirts with Abe's brother Jonah in the Summer of 1994, but they stop short of an affair. In 2001, Lexie sleeps with Abe's illegitimate son Brandon Walker before she knows of his connection to her husband. In 2005, Lexie has an affair with Tek Kramer, whom she dates after her husband is presumed dead.
Lexie, while not a villain, frequently engages in unethical behavior. She also tends to stick up for her father's family, the DiMeras. Both her father Stefano and her half-brother André DiMera have helped her with her problems (often using illegal means). Fearing Lexie can't bear children, Stefano arranges for her to raise Isaac (Zack), the son of Bo Brady and Hope Brady, as her biological son after a surrogate's baby is switched with Zack in the hospital. Lexie did not know this at the time, but later chooses to keep quiet about it once she finds out, even though Hope is her best friend. In 2003, Lexie gives birth to Theo Carver, her son with Abe. However, the family's happiness is short-lived when Abe is seemingly murdered by the Salem Stalker. However, it is revealed that Abe is alive and is trapped on Melaswen ("New Salem" backwards) Island, part of a plot conducted by André. Abe and Lexie reunite when he returns to Salem in 2004.
Lexie has a history of antagonism with Sami Brady. They were both involved with Brandon, and Sami blackmails Lexie on a number of occasions due to Lexie's repeated adultery. Later, Sami has Lexie lie to Sami's sister, Carrie Brady, regarding her chances of having healthy children. Breaking her Hippocratic oath, Lexie is fired from Salem University Hospital. However, with Hope's help, Lexie becomes Kayla Brady's part-time private nurse and 'personal medical adviser'.
In 2007, Lexie is kidnapped by André because she claims she witnessed her half-brother EJ DiMera shooting John Black. Tek Kramer is the real witness of the crime, but they cover it up because Lexie did not want her husband to find out that she is with Tek again. Shortly afterwards, Lexie and Tek are run off the road. No bodies are recovered. Lexie is later discovered in the tunnels of Salem during a Bo and Hope investigation into the long running Brady-DiMera feud.
Upon her return, Lexie reunites with her husband and is reinstated by the Salem University Hospital board and eventually becomes Chief of Staff. Her new position keeps her very busy which causes marital problems. She deals with the news that Theo is autistic. In order to spend more time with her son, Lexie resigns from her position, but remains at the hospital as a doctor. She also supports Abe's campaign for mayor. In November 2008, Lexie becomes Salem's First Lady. Lexie later returns to the position of Chief of Staff after Kayla, who took over the role, decides to leave Salem.
In 2010, it is believed that Dr. Carly Manning would take on the position of Chief of Staff when Lexie and Abe consider leaving Salem. However, when they decide to stay, Lexie decides to keep her position at the hospital.
In 2012, Lexie's mother Celeste returns to town with Lexie's brother, Cameron Davis. Before her arrival, Lexie suffers from headaches and begins to feel weak and faint. After initial tests run by Daniel Jonas, it's discovered she has brain tumors - as a result of being held captive in the toxic fume-filled tunnels under the DiMera mansion when André had kidnapped her a few years prior. Following further tests, it's discovered that the tumors have grown and are fatal, giving her a matter of weeks to live. Her family gathers around her, helping her with her bucket list, which includes going to Paris. Unable to fly, Abe, with the help of EJ and Cameron, turn the Horton Town Square into a Paris-like setting. In late June, a fragile Lexie goes on a picnic in the backyard with Abe, where she peacefully passes away in his arms. A ghostly Lexie visits her loved ones and assures Theo that while she may not always be there in her physical presence, she will always be there for him.
References
External links
soapcentral.com|DAYS Online
Lexie at soapcentral.com
Days of Our Lives characters
Fictional female doctors
Fictional African-American people
Fictional physicians
American female characters in television
fi:Luettelo Päivien viemää -sarjan henkilöistä#Lexie Carver |
4003431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Schafer | Harold Schafer | Harold Schafer (February 1, 1912 – December 2, 2001) was a North Dakota businessman, entrepreneur and philanthropist who founded the Gold Seal Company, the original maker of Mr. Bubble. He also was a major benefactor in the tourist town of Medora, North Dakota and the Medora Musical.
Background
Schafer was born on a small farm near Stanton, North Dakota the second of three children born to Edward and Bertha Schafer. His brother Gordon was born in 1911, his sister Ethelwyn in 1916. Harold spoke only German at home until he went to elementary school.
During his school years, the family moved repeatedly. In 1919, the Schafers moved from the farm near Stanton to another small farm near Hazen, then to Killdeer in 1920 and to Bismarck in 1922. Harold next spent a considerable period of time with his mother's family near Rosebud, South Dakota. In 1924, when Schafer was 12 years old, his father left the family and Harold moved back to Bismarck to live with his mother. He and his mother subsequently moved to Jamestown, then to Glen Ullin and finally back to Bismarck in 1927. Schafer graduated from Bismarck High School.
During this period in his life, Schafer took his first paid job at the age of eight working in a butcher shop in Killdeer. When his family moved to Bismarck he worked as a newspaper boy, did janitorial work and was employed as a gas station attendant. In Jamestown he candled eggs, sold flowers and worked as a department store clerk. In Glen Ullin he worked on a threshing crew, and by the time he was back in Bismarck and graduating from high school, Schafer did odd jobs at the Dahl clothing store, was an usher at the Capitol Theater, a bellhop at the Patterson Hotel, and an attendant at the Standard Oil Service Station. He also delivered milk, shoveled snow and was offered a job as a salesman at Bergeson's clothing store.
In 1929, Schafer enrolled at the North Dakota State Agricultural College (now NDSU) in Fargo. He continued to work at multiple jobs and once again his employment included work as a salesman, this time at the Globe Clothing Company. Schafer left college after one year and hit the road as a traveling salesman. By 1931, at the age of 19, he returned to Bismarck where once again he found work at the Dahl Clothing Store. Schafer was forced to take a job at a clothing store in Glasgow, Montana, almost immediately after his first wedding but, by January 1, 1936, he was back in Bismarck and working for Vantine's Paint and Glass. He switched to Fargo Glass and Paint in November 1936 and then worked for that company as a traveling salesman for several years.
Gold Seal Company
In 1942, Schafer started packaging and selling a product he called Gold Seal Floor Wax. He personally typed the labels by hand and taped them onto old cans in his basement and, thus, Gold Seal Company was born. In the spring of 1943, Harold resigned his job at Fargo Glass and Paint to pursue his new dream, only to discover that the few hundred dollars that he had expected to have available for the purpose of starting the company did not materialize. At that point the family had three small children, no job and no money, and his new company had no assets.
In 1943, his Gold Seal Company made a profit of $901.02, and Schafer borrowed money from friends to keep going. The company grew modestly at first but, in 1945 introduced a new product called Glass Wax. Sales increased dramatically and then suddenly boomed when, in 1948, Glass Wax went national. The rapid rise of this small North Dakota company, Schafer's sometimes flamboyant management style, and his incredible enthusiasm for hard work propelled it into the national limelight. The success of Glass Wax was repeated again in the 1950s with Snowy Bleach and in the 1960s with Mr. Bubble. Each of these became the number one selling product in their respective categories, and the Gold Seal Company continued to produce increasing sales and profits until it was sold to Airwick Industries in 1986.
Later years
After selling his Gold Seal interests, Schafer reinvested much of his assets in the Theodore Roosevelt Medora Foundation to promote and preserve Medora's Western culture. Schafer was honored for this benefaction with the Roughrider Award, North Dakota's highest civilian honor.
He purchased the Rough Riders Hotel and the Ferris Store in 1962 and began renovating them in 1963. Other renovations and improvements soon followed and, in 1965, the Medora Division of the Gold Seal Company was opened to the public. Schafer was enthralled with Medora and its fascinating history, and continued to pour his money and his efforts into this project. Medora eventually developed into the largest recreational area in the state of North Dakota. When the Gold Seal Company was sold in 1986, the family donated the Medora assets to the newly formed Theodore Roosevelt Medora Foundation.
A number of awards were bestowed on Schafer for his philanthropy, but he also became the youngest person ever to win the Horatio Alger award. In 1975, he was awarded the state's highest honor, the Theodore Roosevelt Rough Rider Award by Governor Arthur Albert Link.
In 1995, he was inducted into the DeMolay International Hall of Fame.
The Harold Schafer Leadership Center was established at the University of Mary in 1997 by the university's then-president Sister Thomas Welder.
A collection of Native American artifacts which he assembled is displayed in the Museum of the Badlands in Medora. A Theodore Roosevelt Badlands Institute has been planned for Medora, and the artifact collection would be housed within the Institute's facility.
Personal life
On September 22, 1935, he married Marian Nelsen of Aberdeen, South Dakota. The couple had five children, Haroldeen, Joanne, Dianne, Ed, and Pam. On May 9, 1965, Harold married Sheila Chinn Limond. She had three children - Mark, Michelle, and Maureen. He was the father of Ed Schafer who was the former United States Secretary of Agriculture and North Dakota governor (1992 to 2000).
Harold Schafer died December 2, 2001, in a Bismarck hospital after an extended illness, aged 89. A memorial service was held at Trinity Lutheran Church in Bismarck.
References
External links
Harold Schafer Heritage Center website
Harold Schafer Emerging Leaders Academy. University of Mary website
Medora Musical website
1912 births
2001 deaths
American manufacturing businesspeople
American people of German descent
Businesspeople from North Dakota
North Dakota State University alumni
People from Mercer County, North Dakota
People from Todd County, South Dakota
1984 United States presidential electors
20th-century American businesspeople
20th-century American philanthropists |
5398608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nasser%20Al-Johar | Nasser Al-Johar | Nasser Hamad Al-Johar (; born 6 January 1946) is a Saudi Arabian football coach and former player.
Club career
Al-Johar played for Al Nassr FC.
Managerial career
Al-Johar coached the Saudi Arabia national football team for both the 2000 AFC Asian Cup (replacing Milan Máčala) and 2002 FIFA World Cup (after replacing Slobodan Santrač), though he was fired for failing to take the team to a Cup win that year.
When coach Helios Dos Anjos was fired in June 2008, Al-Johar was hired to replace him for the rest of the 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification. Al-Johar resigned from coaching The Green Falcons in February 2009 after the team lost to the North Korea national football team in the AFC Fourth Round of 2010 FIFA World Cup qualification; he was replaced with José Peseiro. The Saudi Arabia Football Federation announced the "reclusive" Al-Johar would continue to support the team as a "technical advisor".
After losing to the Syria national football team on 9 January 2011, it was announced that Al-Johar would replace Peseiro throughout the remainder of the 2011 AFC Asian Cup; after two further losses (1–0 against Jordan and 5–0 against Japan), the perennial fix-it man for Saudi Arabia was again sacked less than two weeks after taking the helm.
References
1946 births
Al-Nassr FC players
Living people
2000 AFC Asian Cup managers
2002 FIFA World Cup managers
2011 AFC Asian Cup managers
Saudi Arabian footballers
Saudi Arabia national football team managers
Al-Nassr FC managers
Saudi Arabian football managers
Association footballers not categorized by position |
5398610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take%20and%20bake%20pizzeria | Take and bake pizzeria | A take and bake pizzeria, sometimes just known as a take and bake (or alternatively, take-n-bake), is a pizzeria which sells uncooked pizzas to customers, who then cook the pizzas at home in their own ovens.
Take-and-bake pizzas are typically made to order out of fresh ingredients (though the pizzeria may also keep a number of commonly ordered or special sale price pizzas on hand for convenience). Often because the pizzas are made with fresh and unbaked ingredients and not heated in-store, the pizzas can be paid for in some states with food assistance EBT cards.
According to Nation's Restaurant News, take-and-bake pizzerias typically have lower costs because they require less restaurant space and equipment. As a result, they are often able to undercut the national pizza giants.
Many take-and-bake pizzerias either operate as standalone entities, or as part of delicatessens. Such establishments often offer other menu items, such as cookie dough, soft drinks, salads, breadsticks, or dessert items, in addition to pizza. Some supermarkets also offer this feature, including Sobeys and Safeway (where a delicatessen is attached to a pizza section). In addition, some traditional dine-in pizzerias, such as Pizzeria Uno, also provide take-and-bake pizzas at some locations.
The leading specialty chains offering take and bake pizza in America are Papa Murphy's, Figaro's, and Nick-N-Willy's. Several grocery and retail chains, such as Kroger and Wal-Mart, also offer take and bake pizza.
References
Take and bake pizzerias
Convenience foods |
5398611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Younginiformes | Younginiformes | Younginiformes is a replacement name for the taxon Eosuchia, proposed by Alfred Romer in 1947.
The Eosuchia having become a wastebasket taxon for many probably distantly-related primitive diapsid reptiles ranging from the late Carboniferous to the Eocene, Romer proposed that this be replaced by Younginiformes, to include the Younginidae and a very few similar families, ranging from the Permian to the Triassic.
Younginiformes (including Acerosodontosaurus, Hovasaurus, Kenyasaurus, Tangasaurus, Thadeosaurus, Youngina, et alia sensu Currie and other researchers in the 1980s) is probably not a clade. It appears to represent a grade of South African Permo-Triassic diapsids that are not more closely related to each other as a whole than they are to other reptiles. A cladistic analysis by Laurin and Pineiro (2017) recovers Parareptilia as not only part of Diapsida, but also sister to Younginiformes.
References
Paraphyletic groups
Permian reptiles
Triassic diapsids
Permian first appearances
Triassic extinctions |
4003433 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NWA%20Midwest%20Heavyweight%20Championship | NWA Midwest Heavyweight Championship | The NWA Midwest Heavyweight Championship is the top professional wrestling title in the NWA Midwest promotion. The title has been in use since 2001. On November 1, 2011, the title was renamed Zero1 Pro Wrestling USA Midwest Heavyweight Championship, when NWA Midwest left the National Wrestling Alliance (NWA).
Title history
References
Heavyweight wrestling championships
National Wrestling Alliance championships
United States regional professional wrestling championships |
4003441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Duckett%20%28Calne%20MP%29 | George Duckett (Calne MP) | George Duckett (19 February 1684 – 6 October 1732), of Hartham House, Corsham, Wiltshire, was a British lawyer and Whig politician who sat in the English and British House of Commons for between 1705 and 1723. He was also a poet and author who was literary combatant of Alexander Pope.
Early life
Duckett was the eldest son of Lionel Duckett and his wife Martha (née Ashe, 1651–1688), daughter of Samuel Ashe of Langley Burrell, Wiltshire. In 1693, he succeeded to the estates of his father. He matriculated at Trinity College, Oxford on 29 November 1700, aged 15, and was admitted to the Middle Temple in 1703.
Career
At the 1705 general election, Duckett was returned in a contest as Whig Member of Parliament for Calne, in Wiltshire. He was very active in Parliament, acting several times as Teller. He spoke on the proceedings against Charles Caesar on 19 December 1705 and voted on the Place bill in 1706. He reported from the committee examining a petition relating to the administration of the Fleet prison and promoted a bill on the Calne highway. He was named to draft a bill to end the embargo on the export of white woollen cloth which was a matter of concern to his constituents. He supported his friend John Asgill over a publication and over his subsequent expulsion from the House. At the 1708 general election, he was returned in another contest. He voted for the naturalization of the Palatines in 1709, and for the impeachment of Dr Sacheverell in 1710. At the 1710 general election he was caught up in a double return, and the Tory majority in the new House decided against him and his fellow Whig.
At the 1722 British general election, Duckett was returned again as MP for Calne, but vacated the seat on 28 February 1723 on his appointment as a commissioner of excise, a post he held until 1732.
Literature
Duckett was a friend of Joseph Addison, and he entertained Addison and some of Addison's "little senate" at his estates in Wiltshire. He was also a close friend of Thomas Burnet, and he and Burnet would collaborate on numerous satirical and political writings. In particular, the two teamed up to oppose Alexander Pope after the latter's disaffection with Addison and dispute with Ambrose Philips.
In 1715, Burnet and Duckett wrote Homerides, or, a letter to Mr. Pope, occasion'd by his intended translation of Homer; by Sir Iliad Doggerl, and in 1716 they wrote Homerides, or, Homer's First Book Moderniz'd. Pope accused them of attacking his translation of Homer prior to anything even being written, and with some justice, and Duckett continued the battle with An Epilogue to a Puppet Show at Bath Concerning the same Iliad by himself. Edmund Curll, in his battle against Pope, published the Epilogue. Pope's revenge appeared in The Dunciad of 1728, and in particular in the Dunciad Variorum. Because of their positions in government, Pope did not attack Duckett and Burnet by name in Dunciad itself, and he did not directly impugn them until the Variorum. Duckett and Burnet also funded and contributed to two weekly journals, The Grumbler and Pasquin. He was also the patron of one of Pope's other enemies, John Oldmixon.
In 1717, Duckett published an apolitical, professional work entitled A Summary of All the Religious Houses in England and Wales. It was an accounting of the values of each of the monasteries and convents at the time of the dissolution and their present value, if they were still available. It was this work that brought Duckett to the attention which led to his appointment as a commissioner of excise.
In 1729, Duckett and John Dennis together wrote an anti-Popery booklet called Pope Alexander's Supremacy and Infallibility Examin'd.
Death and legacy
Duckett died at home on his Calne estate in 1732. He had married Grace Skinner (c. 1690–1755) on 23 March 1711. The couple had nine children, eight of whom survived to adulthood.
Lionel Duckett (1712–67)
Thomas Duckett (1713–1766)
Grace Duckett (1714–1784)
William Duckett
George Duckett
William Duckett (died 1780)
Skinner Duckett (died 1767)
Martha Duckett
Catherine Duckett
References
Roberts, William, and Freya Johnston, 'George Duckett', in Matthew, H.C.G. and Brian Harrison, eds. The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography vol. 17 (OUP, 2004), pp. 32–6
1684 births
1732 deaths
English MPs 1705–1707
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
Alumni of Trinity College, Oxford
British MPs 1707–1708
British MPs 1708–1710
British MPs 1722–1727
Members of the Middle Temple |
4003443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prize%20Bond | Prize Bond | A Prize Bond is a lottery bond, a non-interest bearing security issued on behalf of the Irish Minister for Finance by the Prize Bond Company DAC. Funds raised are used to offset government borrowing and are refundable to the bond owner on demand. Interest is returned to bond owners via prizes which are distributed by random selection of bonds. Prize Bonds are also offered in Pakistan, by the Ministry of Finance, and in the UK, under the name Premium Bonds.
Background
The 1956 Finance (Miscellaneous Provisions) Act is the primary legislation under which the bonds are authorised; the similar concept of Premium Bonds were introduced in the United Kingdom at the same time. Bonds were first sold in March 1957, with the first draw held in September of that year. Originally the Bank of Ireland, as the government's banker, was the operator of the scheme. When the scheme commenced, the biannual draws were in September and March where by means of six drums the winning serial number was drawn randomly; in 1972 the serial number was increased from six to seven digits for bonds issued after that time. In 1993 regulation was made for the conduct of the draws on a weekly basis using a computer-driven random number generator to determine winning numbers.
Organization
The Prize Bond Company is a joint venture between the founders An Post and FEXCO and is based in Killorglin, County Kerry. The company was created in 1989 with issued share capital between the founders of 50% each and will operate the scheme under its current (as of 2011) contract until the end of 2019. Employees of the Prize Bond Company are seconded from the respective partner, FEXCO is responsible for administration, whilst An Post is responsible for accounting and marketing in addition to conducting the draws.
The National Treasury Management Agency is responsible for the regulation of the company, since the Agency was established in 1990.
Finance
Originally bonds could be purchased as in units of five Irish pounds, with a minimum purchase of £10. Today the unit price is 6.25 Euros (equivalent to IR£4.92 at the final fixed exchange rate) and a minimum purchase of €25 is required. In September 2009 the Prize Bond fund exceeded €1bn for the first time.
The weekly draw is held on Fridays at 12:30 in the General Post Office, Dublin. Prizes range from €50 to a jackpot of €50,000 except for the last draw in each second month, when the jackpot is €1m. , each weekly draw typically awards over 8,000 prizes with a total value about €0.5m (or about €1.5m for the bimonthly draw). The annual prize giveaway in 2013 was 1.75% of the total fund. Winnings are tax-free within Ireland.
There have been some concerns that the bonds do not represent value for money for the government. Of particular concern is the cost of administration relative to the cost of interest on borrowings.
References
Bonds (finance)
Securities (finance)
Economy of the Republic of Ireland |
5398628 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread%20and%20salt | Bread and salt | Bread and salt is a welcome greeting ceremony in some Slavic, Nordic, Baltic, Balkan and other European cultures as well as in Middle Eastern cultures. It is also shared with some non-Slavic nations — Lithuanians, Latvians (both Baltic), Romanians (Romance) as well as some Finno-Ugric peoples like the Karelians — all of which are culturally and historically close to their Slavic neighbours. It remains common in Albania, Armenia, and among the Jewish diaspora. This tradition has also been observed in spaceflight.
Etymology
The tradition is known locally by its Slavic names, all literal variants of "bread and salt": , , , , , , , , , . It is shared with some of the neighbouring non-Slavic peoples — the Latvians and Lithuanians (both Baltic nations), Romanians (Romance) as well as some Finno-Ugric peoples like the Karelians — all of whom are culturally and historically close to their Slavic neighbours: , , , . It is also common in Albania (), Armenia (, agh u hats), among the Jewish diaspora, and within parts of the Middle East under different names.
Cultural associations
Albania
Bread, salt and heart () is a traditional Albanian way of honoring guests, it dates back from the Kanun of Lekë Dukagjini Chapter 18 - para.608: "The Guest shall be welcomed with Bread, salt and heart". Heart in the context is related with hospitality, the concept is based on giving the most expensive thing of that time which was salt to the awaited guest. Nowadays it is not commonly practiced in daily life.
Belarus, Russia, and Ukraine
When important, respected, or admired guests arrive, they are presented with a loaf of bread (usually a korovai) placed on a rushnyk (embroidered ritual cloth). A salt holder or a salt cellar is placed on top of the bread loaf or secured in a hole on the top of the loaf. On official occasions, the "bread and salt" is usually presented by young women dressed in national costumes (e.g., sarafan and kokoshnik).
The tradition gave rise to the Russian word that expresses a person's hospitality: "khlebosolny" (literally: "bready-salty"). In general, the word "bread" is associated in Russian culture with hospitality, bread being the most respected food, whereas salt is associated with long friendship, as expressed in a Russian saying "to eat a pood of salt (together with someone)". Also historically the Russian Empire had a high salt tax that made salt a very expensive and prized commodity (see also the Moscow uprising of 1648).
There also is a traditional Russian greeting "Khleb da sol!" (Хлеб да соль! "Bread and salt!"). The phrase is to be uttered by an arriving guest as an expression of good wish towards the host's household. It was often used by beggars as an implicit hint to be fed, therefore a mocking rhymed response is known: "Khleb da sol!" — "Yem da svoy!" (Хлеб да соль — ем да свой! "Bread and salt!" — "I am eating and it is my own!").
In Russian weddings, it is a traditional custom for the bride and groom to be greeted after the ceremony by family, usually the matriarch, with bread and salt in an embroidered cloth. This confers good health and fortune unto the newlyweds. In the Russian Orthodox Church, it is customary to greet the bishop at the steps of the church when he arrives for a pastoral visit to a church or monastery with bread and salt.
Bulgaria
Bread and salt (, transliterated hlyab i sol) is a traditional Bulgarian custom expressing hospitality, showing that the guest is welcomed. The bread and salt is commonly presented to guests by a woman. Bulgarians usually make a certain type of bread for this occasion called pogacha, which is flat, fancy, and decorated. Regular bread is not usually used, although it may have been historically, but pogacha is much more common in this custom.
Usually, guests are presented with the pogacha, and the guest is supposed to take a small piece, dip into the salt and eat it. This custom is common for official visits regardless of whether the guest is foreign or Bulgarian. One notable example of this custom is when the Russians came to liberate Bulgaria from the Ottomans at the end of the 19th century. A common scene from that period was of a Bulgarian village woman welcoming Russian soldiers with bread and salt as a sign of gratitude.
Poland
In Poland, welcoming with bread and salt ("chlebem i solą") is often associated with the traditional hospitality ("staropolska gościnność") of the Polish nobility (szlachta), who prided themselves on their hospitality. A 17th-century Polish poet, Wespazjan Kochowski, wrote in 1674: "O good bread, when it is given to guests with salt and good will!" Another poet who mentioned the custom was Wacław Potocki. The custom was, however, not limited to the nobility, as Polish people of all classes observed this tradition, reflected in old Polish proverbs. Nowadays, the tradition is mainly observed on wedding days, when newlyweds are greeted with bread and salt by their parents on returning from the church wedding.
North Macedonia
In the North Macedonia, this tradition still is practiced occasionally as a custom expressing hospitality. A certain type of bread, similar to that in Bulgaria and also by the same name — pogača (from Latin panis focacius) is prepared.
The notable Macedonian and ex-Yugoslav ethno-jazz-rock group of the world music guitarist Vlatko Stefanovski had the name "Leb i Sol", which means "bread and salt" and speaks itself about this term of hospitality as something basic and traditional.
Romania
As in the neighbouring Slavic countries, bread and salt is a traditional Romanian custom expressing hospitality, showing that the guest is welcomed.
Serbia
Bread and salt (hleb i so) is a traditional welcoming of guests, being customary to offer it before anything else, with bread having an important place in Serbian tradition, used in rituals. The traditional bread, pogača, is a symbol of family unity and goodness, and salt prosperity and security for the guest. It is part of the state protocol, in use since the Principality of Serbia, often used when welcoming foreign representatives.
Slovakia and Czechia
The long-tradition of the Slovakia and the Czech Republic as Slavic countries is to welcome important visits with bread and salt. An example is the welcome of Pope Francis in Bratislava 2021 by president Zuzana Čaputová.
Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania
In Finland, Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania, bread and salt were traditionally given as a symbol of blessing for a new home. Instead of white bread, dark fiber-rich rye bread was used. The tradition is still kept alive in Eastern Karelia and in Ingria by the minor Baltic Finnic peoples.
Germany
Bread and salt are given away for different reasons:
to the wedding for a lasting alliance between spouses
to move into a house to wish prosperity and fertility.
In northern Germany and Bohemia (Czech Republic) bread and salt are traditionally put into the diaper of a newborn. In Transylvania bread and salt are served to protect against weather demons.
Arab culture
Arab culture also has a concept of "bread and salt" (خبز وملح or عيش وملح) but not in the context of welcoming, but as an expression of alliance by eating together, symbolizing the rapprochement between two persons. Eating bread and salt with a friend is considered to create a moral obligation which requires gratitude. This attitude is also expressed by Arab phrases such as "there are bread and salt between us" (بيننا خبز وملح or بيننا عيش وملح), and "salt between them" (بينهما ملح) which are terms of alliance.
Jewish culture
A similar practice also exists among Jews in the Diaspora and in Israel. After the ceremony of Kiddush, a piece of Challah is dipped in salt and eaten. The Challah is a staple food eaten on special occasions, like holidays and weddings, as well as every Saturday. Bread and salt were also used in the past at welcoming ceremonies, given to respected persons.
Iranian culture
United Kingdom
In Northern England and Scotland the tradition is observed on New Year's Day, where the first individual to enter a house may be required by tradition to bring bread, salt and coal.
In space
With the advent of the Soviet space program, this tradition has spread into space, where appropriately small packages of bread and salt are used nowadays. It was observed at the Apollo–Soyuz Test Project and the Salyut programme, when crackers and salt tablets were used in the spaceship. Bread chunks and salt were used as a welcome at the Mir space station, a tradition that was extended on the International Space Station. Bread and salt are also used to welcome cosmonauts returning to Earth.
In fiction
The custom of serving bread and salt to guests is a recurring reference in George R. R. Martin's A Song of Ice and Fire novels, where the welcome ritual serves not only as a Westerosi tradition of hospitality, but also a formal assurance of "guest right", a sacred bond of trust and honor guaranteeing that nobody in attendance, hosts and guests alike, shall be harmed. Violating the guest right is widely considered among the highest moral crimes, an affront worthy of the worst damnation, rivaled only by kinslaying. Game of Thrones, the associated television series, prominently features the tradition in season three, episode 9, "The Rains of Castamere".
In Season 2, Episode 4 of Peaky Blinders, Alfie Solomons offers Charles Sabini bread and salt as Sabini offers a white flag of truce.
Rudyard Kipling referenced bread and salt in a number of works. In The Ballad of East and West, leavened bread and salt is mentioned as binding an oath of blood brothership. At the beginning of Puck of Pook's Hill Puck establishes his credentials with the child protagonists by asking them to sprinkle plenty of salt on their shared meal. ""That'll show you the sort of person I am."
In Rosemary Sutcliff's historical novel Outcast, bread and salt is referred to as a sign of belonging to a tribe: "You are my people, my own people, by hearth fire and bread and salt".
In The Count of Monte Cristo by Alexandre Dumas, Chapter 72 is titled "Bread and Salt". The character Mercedes attempts to coax the main character into eating fruit, as part of an Arabian custom to ensure that those who have shared food and drink together under one roof would be eternal friends.
In D. R. Merrill's 2014 science fiction novel Lamikorda the Alplai greet the leaders of the Terran colony vessel with a ritual meal of foods representing their major cultures, including bread from the Saakh; one of the Terrans then presents a small container of sea salt, which is graciously accepted and added as a symbol of their friendship.
Bread and salt are given as a housewarming gift in one scene of the 1946 film It's a Wonderful Life.
References
Bibliography
R. E. F. Smith & David Christian, Bread and Salt: A Social and Economic History of Food and Drink in Russia (1984)
External links
Albanian culture
Slavic culture
Lithuanian traditions
Greetings
Traditions
Religious food and drink
National symbols of Ukraine
National symbols of Russia
National symbols of Belarus
Guest greeting food and drink
National symbols of Serbia
Albanian traditions
Serbian traditions
Edible salt
Breads |
4003447 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golden%20Gate%20%28Gda%C5%84sk%29 | Golden Gate (Gdańsk) | The Golden Gate (, ) is a historic Renaissance city gate in Gdańsk, Poland. It is located within the Royal Route, the most prominent part of the historic city center and is one of its most notable tourist attractions.
It was created in 1612–14 in place of a 13th-century gothic gate, the Brama Długouliczna (Long Street Gate). It is located at one end of Ulica Długa (Long Lane), where, together with Brama Wyżynna (Highland Gate) and Wieża Więzienna (Prison Tower), it forms a part of the old city fortifications.
It was designed by architect Abraham van den Blocke and was built by Jan Strakowski. The architectural style of the gate is Dutch mannerism. Next to it is the late-gothic building of the Brotherhood of St. George.
Both sides of the gate have attiques, with figures symbolizing the qualities of the ideal citizen. They were designed in 1648 by Jeremias Falck ("Polonus"), and reconstructed in 1878 due to the originals being damaged by weathering over time.
From the West side they represent (in Latin): Pax (Peace), Libertas (Freedom), Fortuna (Wealth) and Fama (Fame). From the East (Long Lane) side they are Concordia (Agreement), Iustitia (Justice), Pietas (Piety) and Prudentia (Prudency). The Latin inscription on the gates reads: Concordia res publicæ parvæ crescunt – discordia magnæ concidunt ("In agreement small republics grow, because of disagreement great republics fall").
The gate was largely destroyed by Soviet shelling in World War II, but was rebuilt in 1957. Although most artifacts of Germanness were eradicated after the city became part of the Polish People's Republic in 1945, an original German inscription on the gate was restored in the 1990s: ("They shall prosper that love thee. Peace be within thy walls, and prosperity within thy palaces." – Psalm 122)
External links
17th-century establishments in Poland
1614 establishments in the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth
Buildings and structures completed in 1614
Buildings and structures in Gdańsk
Gates in Poland
Mannerist architecture in Poland
Objects of cultural heritage in Poland
Tourist attractions in Gdańsk |
5398646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KOE | KOE | KOE, formally known as the Krewe of Elvis, is a Mardi Gras parading organization that consists of members from around the world who meet in New Orleans for Mardi Gras.
History
1998 saw the birth of Mardi Gras' first Cyber Krewe, KOE and its members are from all over the world. Two Internet "netheads" (Craig Imboden and Chip Curley) founded it and it is made up of fellow Internet junkies devoted to Mardi Gras. KOE is a non-profit club that parades throughout the French Quarter on Fat Tuesday. There are a number of costumed marching krewes that parade through the Quarter and surrounding areas each Mardi Gras, but KOE was the first organized over the internet consisting mostly of out-of-towners who enjoyed New Orleans Mardi Gras.
KOE members regularly gather on their members page for posts and cyber chats to stay in touch throughout the year. Memberships are open to the public and currently over 150 strong.
KOE's first Lundi Gras party was held in 1999 and it remains as the official beginning of each year's KOE's Mardi Gras. The annual KOE Lundi Gras party is held Monday, the day before Fat Tuesday. Members gather at G.W. Fins restaurant to renew friendships, greet new members and trade special throws.
In 2015 the KOE began another annual tradition by hosting a members-only balcony party on the Friday Night before Mardi Gras at the Tropical Isle Bar on Bourbon Street
Throws
The KOE is known for their unique throws. Krewe members bring along beads, doubloons and trinkets to throw or hand out to the Mardi Gras crowds. Beads are always a popular throw and can be purchased at many Internet sites. Special KOE themed throws are items which Krewe members bring that support the theme that is chosen for each year's parade. In addition to the themed items, many members spend the year creating special throws which are shared with each other at the Lundi Gras party. The crowds love beads and throws and the members have fun giving them away.
KOE Theme Medallions were first created in 2004 with the Pink Cadillac. The Show Girl followed in 2005. In 2006 the KOE Pops the Big Top was a prized catch and the 2007 throw of "KOE Shakes its Booty on the 7 Seas" The 2008 theme "The West Is History" celebrated the KOE's 10th Anniversary and for the first time the parade was led by a New Orleans Jazz Marching Band. The 2009 theme was "KOE Fables and Fairytales" The KOE celebrated MG with a "HOLIDAZE" theme in 2010.In 2011 the KOE Flew high and celebrated Mardi Gras with its theme "KOE is Spaced Out" - all sorts of interesting space themed costumes were worn. 2012 the KOE marched to the theme of "Its a Jungle out there" In 2013 the KOE paraded through the streets of the French quarter with their "Barnyard Bash". In 2014, several Kings and Queens were spotted as they took on the day with the theme of "A Knight in Camelot". For their 2015 parade they channeled the Beatles theme with "Come Together". In 2016 the krewe took a wild ride down a rabbit hole with the theme "KOE in Wonderland". 2017 saw them road trip to Oz with "KOE Off To See The Wizard". 2018.....it is the KOE 20th anniversary as they commemorate this event with a throw back to an Elvis theme. Look for many Elvi parading throughout the French Quarter on Fat Tuesday.
Parading
On Mardi Gras Day, the parade starts with the Krewe gathering in front of St. Louis Cathedral in Jackson Square. The members follow a route through the French Quarter that takes them to predestined "Libation Stations" along the route. Costumes bring out the creativeness of KOE members. Each member dresses according to the theme of that year.
Details for this upcoming year (2023) will be announced shortly. Previous years saw the KOE marching parade embark on Fat Tuesday through the French Quarter on a predetermined route accompanied by the Treme Brass Band. As the members proceed throughout the streets, many revelers lined up to catch a glimpse of the outlandish costumed members hoping to catch a prized throw. Along the way they stop for TV/newspaper crews and for fans to snap photos.
As soon as the Mardi Gras is over the Captain and lieutenants begin work on the next year's theme and activities.
Timeline of the KOE
1998 "Krewe of Elvis" KOE was founded by Craig Imboden and Chip Curley.
1999 "Krewe of Elvis" KOE celebrates its 1st Lundi Gras Party and Parade during Carnival.
2000 "Krewe of Elvis" KOE celebrates the Y2k. Famous trading "throws" become part of the tradition at Lundi Gras Party.
2002 "Krewe of Elvis" KOE changes its theme to "American trilogy" after the bombing off the Trade Centers in New York. Most participants sport red, white and blue costumes.
2003 "Krewe of Elvis" KOE unveils its first ever mass-produced medallion beads for their parade.
2004 "Krewe of Elvis" KOE officially changes its name to KOE. Founder Chip Curley resigns from the Krewe. Craig Imboden restructures the Krewe with officers to be more like true Krewes.
2005 KOE begins a new era with non Elvis-related themes with "Mardi Gras in New Orleans" blazing the way for new costuming.
2010 KOE celebrates its 10th anniversary as a Krewe.
2011 KOE begins to parade with Police escorts and proceeded by the Treme Brass Band.
2014 KOE Captain Craig Imboden and Maureen Pimley become co-captains of the KOE.
2016 KOE begins to hold Friday evening Balcony party for their members.
2017 KOE Co-Captain Craig Imboden resigns from his position. Maureen Pimley is joined by Sandra Briggs as co-Captain.
2018 KOE celebrates its 20th year in New Orleans.
2020 KOE welcomes a new Captain, the mysterious Al Rider.
2023 KOE will celebrate its 25th year with a special throwback theme.
External links
Official website
Mardi Gras in New Orleans |
4003448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20Centre%20for%20the%20Performing%20Arts | Young Centre for the Performing Arts | The Young Centre for the Performing Arts is a theatre in the Distillery District in downtown Toronto, Canada. It is a brand-new theatre built into 19th-century-era Victorian industrial buildings. It is home to the Soulpepper Theatre Company and the theatre school at George Brown College.
History
Gooderham and Worts was founded by James Worts, a British immigrant, in 1832. The company became one of the world's largest distilleries, and in 1859 it constructed the largest distillery in Canada, also one of the largest in North America. This distillery is what remains today of the 'Distillery District' at the bottom of Trinity Street in Toronto, Ontario. In the first year of the new distillery, G&W produced 849,700 U.S. gallons of proof spirits, a value equivalent to one quarter of the entire Canadian production at that time. What is now known as the Young Center For the Performing Arts was originally built as tank house 9 and tank house 10, part of the Gooderham and Worts Distillery. The buildings were constructed in 1888 following the 1885 passage of the Canadian law which required that all whisky must be aged for two years before being consumed. Prior to this law change, whisky was often consumed quickly after it was distilled; the law change meant that Gooderham and Worts needed to increase storage space for their product. Both structures were designed by David Roberts Jr., who designed many of the Distillery's buildings.
Current use
Currently the two tank houses with their additions/renovations house a performance center which combines studio spaces with theatre spaces. The building is a partnership between the Soulpepper Theatre company and the George Brown Theatre School. The building houses four theaters and four studio spaces, all of which are shared by the two entities that make up the owners of the complex.
In December 2000 Paul Carder, then the Dean of Business and Creative Arts at George Brown College, approached Albert Schultz the Artistic Director of Soulpepper Theatre Company with the suggestion that a partnership be struck between Soulpepper and the George Brown Theatre School.
In November 2001, the Distillery Historic District Project was announced and the partnership of George Brown College (GBC) and Soulpepper immediately began negotiations with the Cityscape Development group to take possession of Tank Houses 9 and 10 creating what would become the Young Centre for the Performing Arts.
The vision of this partnership was to create a performing arts, education and community outreach facility that would be home to George Brown Theatre School's celebrated three-year professional actor training program; Soulpepper Theatre Company with its three-tiered mandate of performance, artist training and youth outreach; and Toronto's independent arts community. This facility, in which the performance and education of all performing disciplines would be undertaken, would be unique in the world.
In 2002, the architectural firm of KPMB Architects was hired to design the centre with Thomas Payne as the principal architect, Chris Couse as senior associate and Mark Jaffar as project architect. The design created four flexible, dedicated, indoor performance venues, an outdoor concert venue and artist garden, four studios, two classrooms, a wardrobe production facility, a student lounge, administration for GBC and Soulpepper. At the centre of the building is a soaring public space, which includes a café/bar, a bookstore and a reference library. The total cost of the facility is $14 million and GBC and Soulpepper Theatre Company have equally shared the cost. The shared dream became a reality in 2003, when David Young through the Michael Young Family Foundation contributed a lead gift of $3 million to what is now known as the Young Centre for the Performing Arts.
Shortly thereafter, the Government of Ontario through the Ministry of Culture made a $2 million contribution and the Government of Canada through the Department of Heritage Cultural Spaces Program contributed $600,000.
George Brown College and Soulpepper Theatre undertook separate capital campaigns to fund their respective shares in the project.
In June 2004, Anne Sado, President of George Brown College, and Albert Schultz, Soulpepper's Artistic Director, presided over a groundbreaking ceremony for the Young Centre for the Performing Arts. On January 15, 2006 the Young Centre for the Performing Arts officially opened to the public.
References
External links
Young Centre for the Performing Arts
Theatres in Toronto
KPMB Architects buildings |
4003452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Her%20Royal%20Majesty%27s%20Records | Her Royal Majesty's Records | Her Royal Majesty's Records (HRMR) is a Canadian independent record label founded in Vancouver in 1995 by Bif Naked and Peter Karroll and managed by Peter Karroll. Originally HRM Records was created to be a home for Bif Naked's music after Plum Records folded up shop after the release of Bif Naked's self-titled release. Peter Karroll licensed Bif's songs to many major labels and did co-venture music projects including mixing and recording tracks for Films and Television. Peter Karroll co-wrote, produced and mixed many successful tracks including Platinum and Gold selling albums and singles with Bif Naked. In 2005 Peter Karroll merged the music label with Bodog to create Bodog Music and Bodog Entertainment. Her Royal Majesty's Records was the backbone of the Bodog entertainment juggernaut and combined with the Artist Management company TKO Entertainment Corp the Bodog Entertainment entity produced over 150 Network Television shows in the US and licensed in many countries. As well live events on In Demand and music television programing on the Fuse Network all contributed to the overall success of Bodog Entertainment. In 2008 the entertainment companies were unmerged and Peter Karroll moved forward more albums with Bif Naked and DMX the American rap / hip hop superstar. During the Bodog Era Peter signed and released the Legendary Hip Hop group the WuTang Clan. Thousands of Live events were produced with the Artists from HRMR / Bodog with them touring extensively on major festivals and tours such as Warped Tour, Family Values, Rock Am Ring, Rock Am Park, Hultsfred Festival Bif Naked's largest attendance in the headline position was 2011 in Cloverdale BC where she performed in front of 110,000 estimated audience.
It has released albums via Worldwide Distribution deals with EMI's Distribution network, Atlantic Records and Sony Music.
Artist roster
Bif Naked Alternative / Rock / Acoustic/ Platinum & Gold selling
Britt Black Alternative / Rock
Dead Celebrity Status Rap / Hip Hop
The Heck - Rock
Hydro and Syndicate Villain / Rap / Hip Hop
LiveonRelease / Punk / Pop
Nazanin / Pop / World
Wu-Tang Clan / Hip Hop - Multi-Platinum
Out of Your Mouth / Hard Rock / Heavy Metal
Soma City Ward - Hard Rock
Todd Kerns - Rock
The Vincent Black Shadow Alternative
Fresh Bread - Hip Hop
Gabezra And...The Way Out - Eclectic - Acoustic Electric
Jaydee Bixby - Country Music
Mr. Crippin (Chris Crippin)
DMX RAP - Hip Hop Multi-Platinum
See also
List of record labels
References
Canadian independent record labels
Alternative rock record labels |
5398647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toffen | Toffen | Toffen is a municipality in the Bern-Mittelland administrative district in the canton of Bern in Switzerland. It lies approximately 10 km south of the city of Bern.
The palace situated there, Toffen Castle, is a heritage site of national significance.
History
Toffen is first mentioned in 1148 as Toffen.
The oldest trace of a settlement in the area is a Bronze Age grave which was discovered near the castle. During the Roman era there was a manor house near Bodenacker. In addition to the house, Roman coins and ceramics have been found around the municipality. The Romans also quarried Tuff stone from the area and the Latin word for Tuff, tofus probably becoming Toffen. By the 13th century it was part of the Herrschaft of the Freiherr von Belp-Montenach. Around 1300 the village was acquired by another noble family and for several centuries it was owned by a number of different noble families. By the mid-14th century Bern ruled over the village and the owners now included Bernese patrician families.
The castle was first mentioned in 1306 and was the center of the local Herrschaft. In 1507 Bartholomew May expanded and renovated it into a late Gothic country manor house. In 1628 Loy Knoblauch redesigned the entire interior. In 1671-73 Johann Georg renovated the castle into a Baroque manor. Around 1750 Georg Samuel von Werdt expanded and renovated the castle again. Following the 1798 French invasion, and the creation of the Helvetic Republic the owners of the castle lost their medieval rights to rule over, judge and punish the villagers. However, they retained ownership of the castle and it remained in private hands.
The Gürbe river correction projects of 1855 to 1911 drained the swampy valley floor and opened up additional farm and settlement land. The construction of the Gürbetal railroad in 1901 made it easier for residents to move to and from the municipality. In the 1960s, good road and rail links allowed it to grow into a bedroom community for the growing city of Bern. In the 1980s, Toffen became part of the Bern agglomeration. Today over 80% of the population commutes to jobs in Bern and surrounding communities. However, there is still a small farming and dairy industry in Toffen.
Geography
Toffen has an area of . As of 2012, a total of or 62.4% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 19.4% is forested. The rest of the municipality is or 16.9% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.4% is either rivers or lakes.
During the same year, industrial buildings made up 1.6% of the total area while housing and buildings made up 8.4% and transportation infrastructure made up 6.3%. A total of 17.8% of the total land area is heavily forested and 1.6% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 38.4% is used for growing crops and 22.2% is pasturage, while 1.8% is used for orchards or vine crops. All the water in the municipality is flowing water.
The municipality is located in the Gürbetal and stretches from the eastern slope of the Längenberg to the foot of the Belpberg. It consists of the village of Toffen and the hamlets of Breitloon and Heitere.
On 31 December 2009 Amtsbezirk Seftigen, the municipality's former district, was dissolved. On the following day, 1 January 2010, it joined the newly created Verwaltungskreis Bern-Mittelland.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Gules a Swan passant Argent beaked and membered Or.
Demographics
Toffen has a population () of . , 8.3% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 2 years (2010-2012) the population has changed at a rate of 2.0%. Migration accounted for 1.5%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.2%.
Most of the population () speaks German (2,112 or 95.0%) as their first language, French is the second most common (28 or 1.3%) and Albanian is the third (18 or 0.8%). There are 11 people who speak Italian and 5 people who speak Romansh.
, the population was 48.5% male and 51.5% female. The population was made up of 1,075 Swiss men (43.9% of the population) and 113 (4.6%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,176 Swiss women (48.0%) and 86 (3.5%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 509 or about 22.9% were born in Toffen and lived there in 2000. There were 1,182 or 53.2% who were born in the same canton, while 289 or 13.0% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 182 or 8.2% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 20.0% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 61.6% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 18.3%.
, there were 900 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 1,139 married individuals, 89 widows or widowers and 95 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 282 households that consist of only one person and 50 households with five or more people. , a total of 888 apartments (93.2% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 41 apartments (4.3%) were seasonally occupied and 24 apartments (2.5%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 6.8 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 1.4%. In 2011, single family homes made up 62.2% of the total housing in the municipality.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Heritage sites of national significance
Toffen Castle is listed as a Swiss heritage site of national significance.
Politics
In the 2011 federal election the most popular party was the Swiss People's Party (SVP) which received 30.9% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the Conservative Democratic Party (BDP) (22.0%), the Social Democratic Party (SP) (15.9%) and the Green Party (6.9%). In the federal election, a total of 998 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 54.4%.
Economy
, Toffen had an unemployment rate of 1.83%. , there were a total of 568 people employed in the municipality. Of these, there were 54 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 18 businesses involved in this sector. 111 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 24 businesses in this sector. 403 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 98 businesses in this sector. There were 1,251 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 42.8% of the workforce.
there were a total of 444 full-time equivalent jobs. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 31, all of which were in agriculture. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 109 of which 22 or (20.2%) were in manufacturing and 87 (79.8%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 304. In the tertiary sector; 204 or 67.1% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 8 or 2.6% were in the movement and storage of goods, 11 or 3.6% were in a hotel or restaurant, 20 or 6.6% were technical professionals or scientists, 18 or 5.9% were in education and 10 or 3.3% were in health care.
, there were 292 workers who commuted into the municipality and 997 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net exporter of workers, with about 3.4 workers leaving the municipality for every one entering. A total of 254 workers (46.5% of the 546 total workers in the municipality) both lived and worked in Toffen. Of the working population, 29.3% used public transportation to get to work, and 52.7% used a private car.
In 2011 the average local and cantonal tax rate on a married resident, with two children, of Toffen making 150,000 CHF was 12.4%, while an unmarried resident's rate was 18.2%. For comparison, the average rate for the entire canton in the same year, was 14.2% and 22.0%, while the nationwide average was 12.3% and 21.1% respectively.
In 2009 there were a total of 1,113 tax payers in the municipality. Of that total, 459 made over 75,000 CHF per year. There were 6 people who made between 15,000 and 20,000 per year. The average income of the over 75,000 CHF group in Toffen was 116,652 CHF, while the average across all of Switzerland was 130,478 CHF.
In 2011 a total of 1.6% of the population received direct financial assistance from the government.
Religion
From the , 1,675 or 75.3% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church, while 224 or 10.1% were Roman Catholic. Of the rest of the population, there were 19 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.85% of the population), and there were 68 individuals (or about 3.06% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 28 (or about 1.26% of the population) who were Muslim. There were 6 individuals who were Buddhist, 2 individuals who were Hindu and 2 individuals who belonged to another church. 134 (or about 6.03% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 65 individuals (or about 2.92% of the population) did not answer the question.
Education
In Toffen about 59.8% of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 19.9% have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 282 who had completed some form of tertiary schooling listed in the census, 72.0% were Swiss men, 23.4% were Swiss women, 3.2% were non-Swiss men.
The Canton of Bern school system provides one year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend additional schooling or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2011-12 school year, there were a total of 222 students attending classes in Toffen. There were 2 kindergarten classes with a total of 35 students in the municipality. Of the kindergarten students, 17.1% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 17.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language. The municipality had 8 primary classes and 151 students. Of the primary students, 7.3% were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 7.9% have a different mother language than the classroom language. During the same year, there were 2 lower secondary classes with a total of 36 students. There were 2.8% who were permanent or temporary residents of Switzerland (not citizens) and 11.1% have a different mother language than the classroom language.
, there were a total of 207 students attending any school in the municipality. Of those, 193 both lived and attended school in the municipality, while 14 students came from another municipality. During the same year, 108 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
External links
Official website
Municipalities of the canton of Bern
Cultural property of national significance in the canton of Bern |
5398648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sofokleous%20Street | Sofokleous Street | Sofokleous Street (, Odos Sofokleous) is a street in the downtown part of Athens, the Greek capital. It is named after the ancient Greek tragedian Sophocles. The street runs from Pireos Street and ends short from Stadiou Street at Pesmazoglou Street and Aristeidou Street. Until 2007 the Athens Stock Exchange was located in this street, near Aiolou Street on the north side. Further north lies Kotzia Square. The street is approximately 600 m long.
The nearest metro stations are Panepistimio and Omonia.
History
The Athens Stock Exchange first opened in 30 Sept.1876 on the street's north side, and soon moved to the junction of Aiolou and Sofokleous streets. From 1885 until 1891 it was housed at a building owned by the brokerage firm "Hermes" at 11 Sofocleous Street. On December 19, 1934, the new building was inaugurated in a formal manner. During World War II the various "policing" measures were hindered by brokers in the "free" market engaged in buying pounds in the streets around the Sophocleous Street building. On September 21, 1999, the highest price was recorded when the index reached 6,484.38 units, operating as a landmark for smallholders, who in a few years lost more than one hundred billion euros.
Modernistic eight storey-buildings were constructed in most parts of the street while neo-classical buildings still existed. Traffic lights and street lights were introduced. Traffic lights were also introduced at Pireos, Sokratous, Athinas and Aiolou streets.
After the move of the Athens Exchange its former building was used as the venue for the 4th Athens Biennale 2013 "AGORA".
Important buildings
The old hotel Pindaros on Sofokleous 24.
The central bank building of the National Bank of Greece at the corner of Aeolos and Sofokleous.
The building of the Economics Department of the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens at Sofokleous 1.
The Stoa of Athens (covered walkway) at Sofokleous 47 leading to the Theater Square.
The Pentecostal Free Apostolic Church at Sophocleous 52.
many retail stores and restaurants.
Intersections
Pireos Street
Menandrou Street
Sokratous Street
Athinas Street
Strait and Filoppoimenous Street
Aiolou Street
Aristeidou and Pesmetzoglou Street
Notes
Streets in Athens
Transport in Athens |
5398653 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit%20Rate%20Reduction | Bit Rate Reduction | Bit Rate Reduction, or BRR, also called Bit Rate Reduced, is a name given to
an audio compression method used on the SPC700 sound coprocessor used in the SNES, as well as the audio processors of the Philips CD-i, the PlayStation, and the Apple Macintosh Quadra series. The method is a form of ADPCM.
BRR compresses each consecutive sequence of sixteen 16-bit PCM samples into a block of 9 bytes. From most to least significant, the first byte of each block consists of four bits indicating the range of the block (see below) which controls the size of steps between the 16 possible values such that minute changes can be recorded if the 16 values are closer together but minute changes are lost if the 16 values are far apart, two bits indicating the filter (see below), and two bits of control information for the SPC700. The remaining eight bytes consist of 16 signed 4-bit nibbles which correspond to the 16 samples, packed in a big-endian manner. As 32 bytes of input become 9 bytes of output, the BRR algorithm yields a 3.56:1 compression ratio.
Decompression algorithm
A nibble n in a block with filter and range should be decoded into a PCM sample using the following second-order linear prediction equation:
Here, and are the last-output and next-to-last-output PCM samples, respectively. The filter type is translated into IIR prediction coefficients using the following table:
These calculations are all done in signed 16.16 fixed-point arithmetic.
Or in words:
Filter 0 linearly decodes the bit downquantized version of the samples.
Filter 1 adds an bit downquantized version of the samples to a lowered previous input (delta pack or differential coding).
Filters 2 and 3 add an bit downquantized version of the samples to the linear extrapolation from the last two samples (2nd order differential coding).
The PlayStation APU and the Philips CD-i CDIC add another set of coefficients to the above and reorders them, for five unique of 8 filters total (these come from the Green Book and Yellow Book specifications):
These calculations are all done in signed 16.16 fixed-point arithmetic.
References
SPC 700 Documentation
US Patent 4,685,115 [beginnings of system which became BRR]
US Patent 4,783,792 [further development toward BRR]
US Patent 4,797,902 [BRR; example coefficients can be seen on page 21]
US Patent 4,829,522 [BRR with error correction-aware interpolation for reading from a disc medium such as a MiniDisc; the final MiniDisc implementation did not use BRR]
US Patent 5,041,830 [BRR shifting/quantization]
US Patent 5,070,515 [BRR encoding/noise shaping; example coefficients can be seen on page 23]
US Patent 5,086,475 [BRR Looping, pitch/frequency detection for encoding]
US Patent 5,111,530 [Rather specific patent on the workings of the DSP in the SNES and PlayStation APU]
US Patent 5,128,963 [a later patent on the system which became BRR]
US Patent 5,166,981 [Using LPC analysis for assisting in encoding BRR]
US Patent 5,303,374 [Predictive error generator for assisting in encoding BRR; coefficients can be seen on page 6]
US Patent 5,430,241 [BRR Looping, pitch/frequency detection for encoding, similar to 5,086,475]
US Patent 5,519,166 [BRR Looping, pitch/frequency detection for encoding, continuation of 5,430,241]
US Patent 5,978,492 [BRR in the context of CD-XA on Sony PlayStation ]
Digital audio
Super Nintendo Entertainment System |
5398657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Democratic%20Renewal | Democratic Renewal | Democratic Renewal (DIANA, Greek: Δημοκρατική Ανανέωση (ΔΗ.ΑΝΑ.), Dimokratiki Ananeosi) was a Greek political party founded by Konstantinos Stephanopoulos on September 6, 1985. It continued to exist until June 1994.
Stephanopoulos left the New Democracy party in August 1985 over a conflict with Constantine Mitsotakis together with 15 other members of parliament. The party was able to obtain one seat in the 1989 (June) election and one in the 1990 election.
Electoral results
Political parties established in 1985
Conservative parties in Greece
Political parties disestablished in 1994
Defunct political parties in Greece
1985 establishments in Greece |
5398669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moliets-et-Maa | Moliets-et-Maa | Moliets-et-Maa (; ) is a commune in the Landes department in Nouvelle-Aquitaine in south-western France.
Description
The principal economic activity is tourism and the village features long sandy beaches and golf courses.
The village proper and the beach area are around apart, a common feature of towns and villages in this region of France known as the Côte d'Argent. The "courant d'Huchet" flows into the Atlantic Ocean on the Moliets's beach.
See also
Communes of the Landes department
References
External links
Molietsetmaa |
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