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5397539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ira%20S.%20Wilson%20Ice%20Arena | Ira S. Wilson Ice Arena | The Ira S. Wilson Ice Arena (affectionately known as The Ira) is an ice arena located on the campus of the State University of New York College at Geneseo (SUNY Geneseo). It is the home ice of the Geneseo Ice Knights, SUNY Geneseo's NCAA Division III men's ice hockey team. It is also used by the Geneseo/Livingston Blues Youth Hockey, as well as numerous students and residents of the town who take advantage of open skating hours during the week.
The arena has a listed capacity of 2,500 fans, and important Ice Knights hockey games routinely draw 2,000-2,500 fans from the college and the town. On top of a hockey game, fans are entertained by a pep band (a rarity at the Division III level) and numerous contests and giveaways between periods, including student broomball spectacles and the fan-favorite chuck-a-puck contest.
There is a 200-meter track running along the top perimeter of the stands.
College ice hockey venues in the United States
Sports venues in Livingston County, New York
Indoor ice hockey venues in New York (state)
Geneseo Knights |
4002070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warlord%20of%20the%20Air | Warlord of the Air | The Warlord of the Air is a 1971 British alternate history novel written by Michael Moorcock. It concerns the adventures of Oswald Bastable, an Edwardian era soldier stationed in India, and his adventures in an alternate universe, in his own future, wherein the First World War never happened. It is the first part of Moorcock's A Nomad of the Time Streams trilogy and, in its use of speculative technology (such as airships) juxtaposed against an Edwardian setting, it is widely considered to be one of the first steampunk novels. The novel was first published by Ace Books as part of their Ace Science Fiction Specials series.
Plot summary
The novel is transcribed by 'Michael Moorcock' (the author's fictional grandfather) in 1903. Holidaying at the remote Rowe Island, he befriends Oswald Bastable, an ex-soldier stowaway who seems confused and disoriented beyond what could be explained by his opium addiction, and who is tormented by great guilt from an action he performed in his past. Bastable agrees to tell Moorcock the story, and begins his narrative with his experiences in North East India in 1902, sent as part of a British expedition to deal with Sharan Kang, an Indian high priest at the temple of Teku Benga, a mysterious and seemingly supernaturally powerful region. After a confrontation with Kang and his men, Bastable finds himself lost and alone in the caves around the 'Temple of the Future Buddha', where he is assaulted by a mysterious force and knocked into unconsciousness.
When he awakes, and escapes the caves, the Temple is in ruins, as if a great amount of time has passed. He is soon found and picked up by a massive airship, where he learns that it is in fact the year 1973, but not the one that the reader would recognise. In this alternate future, the First World War never happened, and the colonial powers continue to assert dominance over their empires—for example, India remains a British territory, though Winston Churchill had been viceroy in this alternate future as well as in Bastable's own.
At first, Bastable marvels at the wonders that await him in his 'future' — London is a clean and peaceful city, and the world seems to be a utopia, held in balance by the great empires. Gaining employment amongst the great airship armadas, however, he soon comes into contact with a troop of anarchists – among them a mysterious woman named Una Persson, and a Russian revolutionary named Ulianov. He initially maintains a patriotic resistance to their activities, but gradually discovers the truth: life is peaceful for the dominant empires but the seeming utopia of the empires' home countries is based on decades of unimpeded and unopposed colonial oppression, brutality and domination of their territories. As the First World War never happened to bankrupt the European colonial empires and begin the gradual liberalization and freedom of the colonies, imperialism remains unchecked and the world is greatly unfair and unjust. The United Kingdom, France, the Tsarist Russian Empire, the German Empire, Japan, the Italian Empire and the United States ruthlessly dominate this world and suppress anti-imperialist and anti-colonialist dissent.
Bastable, a fair and honourable man, is outraged by the cruelty, injustice and horror revealed to him, and begins to fight for the oppressed peoples of the world (opposing, amongst others, his former friend in the airship service, Major Enoch Powell). Tragically, his actions result in the atomic bombing of Hiroshima at the hands of the anarchists.
The atomic blast knocks him loose from the alternate 1973, sending him to a new 1903. Wracked with guilt over his part in the destruction of countless millions of innocent lives, and dreading the 'future' of science and imperialism gone mad, Bastable makes his way to the caves of Teku Benga and returns to 1903, but alas, not his own original time. His experiences have altered him too much to settle into life in this new alternate universe; both his experiences and this sense of dislocation have driven him to opium. The novel ends with Bastable disappearing mysteriously, much to the 1903 Moorcock's amazement; and a postscript from the modern author Moorcock, establishing his grandfather's death on the Western Front in 1916.
Series connections
This book is followed by The Land Leviathan and The Steel Tsar.
As with many of Moorcock's other books, this book is connected to his larger 'Eternal Champion' multiverse series; as such, many frequently recurring characters / character names (including Una Persson, Major Nye and, in later editions, Count von Bek) appear in the novel.
Oswald Bastable is a character created by author E. Nesbit for her book The Story of the Treasure Seekers.
Genre elements
Famous personages
As with most alternate history novels, a variety of famous figures are mentioned and raised as being part of the fabric of the alternative society. These include:
Winston Churchill as a former Viceroy of India;
Enoch Powell as an airship major; in some editions the character is named "Howell".
Mick Jagger is a well-mannered junior army officer
Vladimir Lenin (using his real name Vladimir Ulyanov) as an aged revolutionary, the Russian Revolution having never happened;
Leon Trotsky is mentioned by Lenin as having abandoned his revolutionary ambitions and become a "respectable" businessman;
A Californian boy scout troop leader named Reagan (who claims to have powerful connections, partly through being a member of the Rough Riders) appears; this would seem to be a reference to then-California Governor Ronald Reagan. In early editions the character is named "Egan"
Prominent spokesperson of the left-wing German student movement, Rudi Dutschke, appears as the Prussian nobleman-turned anarchist Count Rudolf von Dutschke. He is close friends with his mentor figure Lenin, whom he fondly relates to as "Uncle Vladimir".
Joseph Conrad as the airship captain Joseph Korzeniowski (which was his real name).
Cultural allusions
One of the first ships Bastable flies on is called the Loch Ness. He makes a joke that it is a monster, although the term Loch Ness Monster was not coined until 1930s.
The British Empire and airships
The assumption that survival of the British Empire as a political entity would entail survival of the airship as the main or only way of travelling by air was taken up by various other alternate British Empires fiction narratives (otherwise considerably different from each other) after Moorcock's 1971 Warlord of the Air, most notably At the Narrow Passage (1973) by Richard C. Meredith, Great Work of Time (1989) by John Crowley, The Two Georges (1995) by Harry Turtledove and Richard Dreyfuss, and The Peshawar Lancers (2002) by S. M. Stirling.
See also
Jerry Cornelius
Eternal Champion
Further reading
References
External links
A review
1971 British novels
1971 science fiction novels
British alternative history novels
British steampunk novels
Novels by Michael Moorcock
British science fiction novels
Novels about imperialism
Aviation novels
Ace Books books |
5397546 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pocket%20Revolution | Pocket Revolution | Pocket Revolution is the fourth studio album by dEUS, released in 2005. The cover art is based on The Von Neumann-Machine, a story from Don Lawrence's Storm series of graphic novels.
Pocket Revolution was the first dEUS studio album to be released in six years, since The Ideal Crash in 1999. The band featuring Craig Ward and Danny Mommens disintegrated during its recording. Ward, who was supposed to produce the record, left the band in August 2004, soon followed by Mommens. They were replaced by ex-Evil Superstars guitarist Mauro Pawlowski and bass player Alan Gevaert, who completed the recording of the album. Other contributions include Stef Kamil Carlens doing backing vocals on Pocket Revolution and Sun Ra, CJ Bolland, and Tim Vanhamel of Millionaire (who used to play guitar with dEUS on The Ideal Crash tour). The release of the album was followed by a one-year tour that led the band through Europe and to the United States, Canada, Israel and Thailand. It was the longest tour dEUS ever did.
Pocket Revolution became the best selling dEUS record in Belgium, selling more than 50,000 copies - making it Platinum. The album sold about 200,000 copies worldwide.
In December 2006, Pocket Revolution was re-released as Pocket Revolution Burnt. It contains a bonus cd with seven songs from the album remixed by Jagz Kooner, titled The Jagz Kooner Excursions.
In February 2007, a Pocket Revolution songbook with lyrics and chords for all twelve songs of the album was released by Beriato Group. It is the first songbook to be dedicated to dEUS .
Track listing
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Singles
"7 Days, 7 Weeks" (August 2005)
"What We Talk About (When We Talk About Love)" (March 2006)
"Bad Timing" (download only release, June 2006)
References
2005 albums
Deus (band) albums
V2 Records albums |
5397567 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Batu%20Brinchang | Mount Batu Brinchang | Mount Batu Brinchang () is the highest mountain in the Cameron Highlands area that can be accessed by car. It is situated at the Perak-Pahang border in Malaysia. It is one of the mountains in Malaysia where its summit can be reached by road. Due to easy accessibility, this mountain enjoys many visitors all year round.
Features
This mountain enjoys an easy road access all the way to the summit. In fact, the road leading to the summit of this mountain is also the highest road in Peninsular Malaysia.
There is also a micro-station installation at the top of this mountain.
The observation tower at the summit enables tourists to enjoy the panoramic view of Titiwangsa Mountains from the summit.
Hiking routes
Obviously the easiest way to reach the summit of this mountain is via road. But as the road winds around the mountain, it is also time consuming. To follow this road from the nearest town, Brinchang, it will take 12 km walk for around 3 hours. One may also hire a taxi from Brinchang to get to the summit which will then follow this road.
For the more adventurous, one may also try nature trail path that cuts the forest all the way up to the summit. The nature trail's entrance is situated at the edge of the Brinchang town itself.
External links
Gunung Brinchang at Gunung Online
Batu Brinchang |
5397597 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20African%20State%20and%20Allied%20Workers%27%20Union | South African State and Allied Workers' Union | The South African State and Allied Workers' Union (SASAWU) is a trade union representing public sector workers in South Africa.
The union was founded on 14 July 2000. Until 2015, it was affiliated with the Congress of South African Trade Unions, but it has since been independent.
References
Organisations based in Johannesburg
Trade unions in South Africa
Public sector trade unions
Trade unions established in 2000 |
5397599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-3-7%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-3-7 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-3-7 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-3-7 District includes a section of the Chittenden County city of South Burlington defined as follows:
The rest of South Burlington is in Chittenden-3-8, Chittenden-3-9, and Chittenden-3-10.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Chittenden-3-7 District had a population of 3,721 in that same census, 8.33% below the state average.
District Representative
Frank Geier, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-3-1 through Chittenden-3-10 districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics (PDF)
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
South Burlington, Vermont |
5397600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leontopolis%20%28disambiguation%29 | Leontopolis (disambiguation) | Leontopolis may refer to:
Leontopolis, capital of the 11th nome of Lower Egypt
Leontopolis (Heliopolis), a city of the 13th nome of Lower Egypt
Leontopolis may also refer to:
Bizana, Turkey, in eastern Anatolia
Isaura Nova, in Isauria, Turkey
Nicephorium, in Syria
Zaliches, near Sinop |
5397604 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pandulf%20II | Pandulf II | Pandulf II is the name of:
Pandulf II of Salerno, the prince of Salerno (981), the second of such princes of the family of the princes of Capua
Pandulf II of Benevento, the prince of Benevento from 981 and prince of Capua (as Pandulf III) from 1008 or 1009 to his death
Pandulf II of Capua (aka the Black (Niger) or the Young), son and successor of Landulf VII of Capua in 1007
ru:Пандульф II |
5397625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whatever%20Happened%20to%20Slade | Whatever Happened to Slade | Whatever Happened to Slade is the seventh studio album by the British rock group Slade. It was released on 21 March 1977 by Barn Records, but did not enter any national album chart. By the time of the album's release, Slade's popularity was waning as were their record sales, which they acknowledged in the album's title. The glam rock movement, with which Slade was associated, had died, and the careers of other glam rock artists such as Mud, Gary Glitter and Sweet had also died. In Britain, where Slade had traditionally been most popular, the fashion of the day was punk rock. With this album, Slade firmly stood its ground as a straight rock group, and gone were their "glam" statements of the early decade.
The album was met with critical praise and support from the English punk uprising. Nevertheless, the record was a commercial failure and the band's financial woes continued. For many years, the album was a much sought-after collector's item amongst fans. However, the album is available today via CD remaster from 2007 and download. In later years, the album became a popular trade amongst American musicians developing what would be known as "grunge" as both Billy Corgan (Smashing Pumpkins) and Kurt Cobain (Nirvana) cited the album as influential. The album was voted No. 1 of the top three Slade albums in the Slade Fan Club Poll of 1979.
Background
By 1975, Slade felt their commercial success had peaked in Great Britain and Europe. At manager Chas Chandler's suggestion, the band agreed to move to the United States, the only major territory that the band had yet to crack. The band held out in the US for almost two years, recording the soul-influenced Nobody's Fools (1976). Although the band did not achieve significant airplay and record sales in the US, their reputation as a reliable and exciting live rock act was enhanced and the band felt rejuvenated.
Slade returned to the UK in August 1976 to face the UK music business much changed from when they had left. Punk rock had now exploded and had become the dominant influence on youth culture and the music press. Despite Slade's reputation as one of the great high energy bands of their day, in this environment Slade had become irrelevant. Regardless, Slade were determined that they were now a better live act than ever and refused to call it a day. The band began recording their seventh studio album in August. According to the Slade Fan Club, the band hoped to record a total of 16 tracks and pick the best to release on the album.
In January 1977, the band's released the upcoming album's only single "Gypsy Roadhog". However, after performing the song on the children's television show Blue Peter, complaints about the song's drug references led to the BBC banning the record. As a result, the single stalled at No. 48. Whatever Happened to Slade was released in March but failed to chart.
Recalling the album in the 1984 biography Feel the Noize!, bassist Jim Lea said: "It was a heavy metal album. It was a mistake and I was against that title." Lead vocalist Noddy Holder said in his 1999 biography Who's Crazee Now?: "Whatever Happened to Slade was much rockier than Nobody's Fools. It was a return to our original sound". In a 2009 interview answering fan questions, drummer Don Powell was asked which Slade album he would recommend to a new listener as the "definitive Slade studio album". He said: "Whatever Happened to Slade because at that particular time we had nothing to lose."
During a 2017 live question and answer event with Lea at the Robin 2 club, Lea spoke of the album: "The Whatever Happened to Slade album came out of us touring in America. There were a lot of bands over there that had got this guitar identity. There was the Allman Brothers with Duane Allman, there was ZZ Top coming along, and the guitar player was a big thing. So we started coming up with Whatever Happened to Slade and I thought it was important we had the guitar breaks. I worked them out and then we went through it. Dave did all the playing on the record."
Music
After the varied sound of their previous album, Nobody's Fools (1976), which prominently featured a "Californian" sound and influences from soul music, Whatever Happened to Slade presents a "straight" rock sound, a sound which would have helped it to settle into the punk rock-focused British music industry of the time had it had more success. AllMusic also noted the album as sounding similar to early-Kiss, but noted "its still pure Slade, though". They also noted "the songs and playing [on the album] are pretty much out of sight, with monster riffs and a different production style."
The first track on the album, "Be", became popular in Slade's live sets, featuring on the band's subsequent live album Slade Alive, Vol. 2 (1978). For a fan club newsletter in 1979, bassist Jim Lea spoke of the track, saying "songs like "Be" are hardly concise, they're clever, but hardly the sing-along down at the pub type song." AllMusic described the song as being "unlike any other the band had done".
"Gypsy Roadhog", the album's single is a tale of the exploits of an American cocaine dealer. The song featured a country rock influence, taken from Slade's touring in America. "One Eyed Jacks with Moustaches" became popular in Slade's live set, featuring on the subsequent live album Slade Alive, Vol. 2 (1978). AllMusic said the song "sounds like classic Slade, but once again, radio wouldn't touch it." "Dead Men Tell No Tales" features a slower tempo and has lyrics based on the 1949 gangster film White Heat, starring James Cagney.
Release and promotion
There had been no new release from Slade since the "Nobody's Fool" single had been lifted from the Nobody's Fools album in April 1976 to commercial failure. The first that was heard of Slade in 1977 was the single "Gypsy Roadhog". After the single was banned and stalled on the UK Singles Chart, the album that followed didn't have much commercial chance after that. Titled by Chandler after a piece of graffiti spotted painted on a London bridge, Whatever Happened to Slade, while intended as a defiant, ironic comment on their absence from UK shores, was more likely received as a virtual admission of how far the group's star had fallen, and few people, except perhaps a mere fraction of their old fan base, was in the mood to contradict them.
Whatever Happened to Slade received no airplay and very little press. It failed to chart on any national chart, including the UK Albums Chart, and became the group's lowest-selling LP to date. However, those faithful few who took the trouble were amazed by the record. Described as "the heaviest, dirtiest (in all senses), most decadent Slade music ever made", Whatever Happened to Slade was described as making "Gypsy Roadhog" sound like "The Teddy Bear's Picnic" and remains many Slade connoisseurs' favourite of all their albums. It was also influential on the grunge and alternative rock genres, with both Billy Corgan of The Smashing Pumpkins and Kurt Cobain of Nirvana citing the album as influential.
The album was remastered by Tim Turan at Turan Audio for CD release in 2007 by Salvo Records, a subsidiary of Union Square Productions, as part of a series of Slade CD remasters known as the "Feel the Noize" remasters. The liner notes of the new edition describe the album as "underrated".
Critical reception
Upon release, Sheila Prophet of Record Mirror felt the album was "worth giving a spin". She felt most tracks were "solid, rocking numbers" but not as "distinctive" as the band's earlier hits. She added: "Part of the problem is that they seem to be trying too hard - laying everything on, instead of sticking with simplicity. Noddy's voice still sounds great, and Dave turns in some pretty nifty guitar, but there's just too much of everything." Pete Makowski of New Musical Express described the album as "high energy on a primeval scale", with "strong tunes", "lotsa potential singles" and "interesting" lyrical content. Tony Ciarochi of Fairbanks Daily News-Miner said the album "definitely packs punch", displaying "fairly basic rock 'n' roll" but with "British humor and sarcasm", which makes it a "refreshing change from some of the more bland sledgehammer rock grounds dominant in America."
In a retrospective review, Geoff Ginsberg of AllMusic felt the album had "a bit of the Hotter Than Hell, early-Kiss sound", but was "still pure Slade". He described the songs as having "monster riffs and a different production style", concluding "this is a great record". Joe Geesin of Get Ready to Rock! said the album largely removed the "glam and the kitsch" with "rough Slade style rock'n'roll", adding "there's some great rough guitar". In 2010, Classic Rock considered the album "superior: reputation cementing" and wrote: "Whatever Happened to Slade tempers their established qualities with righteous indignation." Colin Harper of Record Collector felt the album "showed muscle", had US stadium boogie as a "prime influence" and featured Holder's "least charming lyrics".
In 2016, Nicholas Pell of LA Weekly ranked the album at No. 14 on his "20 Greatest Classic Rock Albums" list. He summarised: "This isn't just the template for grunge, it's everything good about hair metal 10 years early." He added that "Gypsy Roadhog" and "One Eyed Jacks With Moustaches" as "undeniable rock ragers", while he felt "Dogs of Vengeance" is "what is missing from classic rock radio".
Track listing
Personnel
Slade
Noddy Holder - lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Dave Hill - lead guitar, backing vocals
Jim Lea - bass, backing vocals
Don Powell - drums, percussion
Additional personnel
Chas Chandler - producer
Paul Hardiman - engineer
Gered Mankowitz - photography
Wade Woode Associates - artwork
Jo Mirowski - art direction
References
Slade albums
Whatever Happened to Slade
Albums produced by Chas Chandler |
5397632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newa%20music | Newa music | Newa music, also spelled Newar music, is traditional music developed in Nepal by the Newars. The music has its roots in classic Hindu and Buddhist music. It evolved with incorporation of folk music of the Kathmandu valley and its peripheries. Musical instruments mainly consist of percussion and wind instruments.
Traditional music
Traditional music refers to the music from the 16th century during the rule of King Mahendra Malla to the first decade of the 20th century. Traditional songs consist of hymns that describe various deities, songs about love and marriage, ballads, rice transplantation and historical songs in the form of narratives. The traditional musicians worship the Newar god of music and dance Nasah Dyah.
Traditional Newar music has been arranged into a particular schedule. One of the dominant forms of traditional Newar music is Dapha music. Dapha music is classical Newar music that probably originated during late Lichhavi period and flourished in the Malla period. Basically, the songs of Dapha music are devotional songs based on classical ragas. Dapha music is played by bands known as Dapha Khalah that may be associated with traditional groups called Guthi. According to the ragas, certain songs are played at certain seasons or times of the day. The songs generally narrate or depict the mood of a particular season. Besides the seasonal and scheduled ragas, various ragas are played during specific events, such as Deepak raga (played when a monarch passes away).
Seasons, their festivals and music accompanying them are as follows
The schedule of different ragas played by Dapa on different times of day are as follows-
Modern music
Apart from traditional music, there also exists popular music. One of them being Rajamati. Maestro Seturam Shrestha recorded the song first on a gramophone disc in Kolkata in 1908. At the end of 2005, The Lakhey (First Newa Metal Band)(Navras Shrestha) Recorded their First Newari Metal Dhampa tacha.
In contemporary culture, there are numerous pop musicians, lyricists and singers, namely Prem Dhoj Pradhan, Madan Krishna Shrestha and Durga Lal Shrestha.
History
According to mythology, Manjushree taught music to his disciples Shantikaracharya and Gunakaracharya. Shantikaracharya taught it to Vandhudatta Vajracharya and Shree Gunadattacharya, who wrote down the teachings to form the basis of classical music of Newars. Also, according to traditional stories, the instrument Paschima was handed down by Lord Krishna and Dhime invented by Lord Mahadeva.
These stories infer that Newa music is primarily derived from the classic Hindu and Buddhist music. Music accompanied most of the traditional epics and plays written in Sanskrit and Nepal Bhasa. This music is based on raga and taal system. The earliest discovered treatise on Newa music is a manuscript called Sangit Chandra Grantha. It was written by King Jagatjyoti Malla of Bhaktapur and his minister Vanshamani Ojha. The manuscript primarily deals with dance, drama and stage play. The text was written in Sanskrit with translations and explanation in Nepal Bhasa. This was followed by another manuscript called Gayanlochan, written by King Jitamitra Malla. Various manuscripts on musical instruments have been found as well. The most famous ones of these are Taal anukaranam, Mridanga Anukaranam, Panchataal baaja.
Instruments
The instruments can be categorized as:
Membranophones: Dhimay, Paschima, Khin, Kwonchakhin, Damakhin, Dhaa, Nayekhin, Dholak, Nagara, Kantan dab dab
Chordophones: Piwancha, Sarangi
Aerophones: Bansuri, Baye, Mwaali, Ponga, Kaahan
Idiophones: Taa, Babhu, Chhusyaa, Kaynpin, Bhusyaa
See also
List of Nepali musical instruments
Malshree dhun
Dapha music
Gunla Bajan
Prajapati Subhash Ram (2000), "Cultural Musical Instruments of Kathmandu Valley". Kathmandu: Newa Dey Daboo (Newars' National Forum)
Prajapati Subhash Ram (2006), "Pulangu Nepalbhasa Natakya Sangeet Paksya (Musical Aspects of Ancient Nepalbhasa Dramas)". Seattle : newatech, inc.
References
Nepalese musical genres
Newar
Cultural history of Nepal |
5397634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devil%27s%20Game%20%28book%29 | Devil's Game (book) | Devil's Game: How the United States Helped Unleash Fundamentalist Islam is a 2006 book by Robert Dreyfuss, an American investigative journalist. It discusses how Western governments supported the growth of Islamic fundamentalism for several purposes.
Contents
The book addresses a number of different Middle Eastern interventions made by the West, as outlined below.
Islamic Radicalism as a tool against Pro-Soviet Pan-Arabism
The book discusses how Western governments supported the growth of the Muslim Brotherhood in order to sabotage the efforts of Pro-Soviet Arab Nationalist leaders such as Gamal Abdel Nasser of Egypt. The goals of Nasser were to end Western domination and control in the Middle East. This was a great threat to Western interests, who used the Muslim Brotherhood to destabilize the Nasser government.
Support of Islamic Radicalism as an Anti-Communist strategy
"[T]he United States spent many years trying to construct a barrier against the Soviet Union along its southern flank. The fact that all of the nations between Greece and China were Muslim gave rise to the notion that Islam itself might reinforce that Maginot Line-style strategy. Gradually the idea of a green belt along the "arc of Islam" took form. The idea was not just defensive. Adventurous policymakers imagined that restive Muslims inside the Soviet Union's own Central Asian republics might be the undoing of the USSR itself, and they took steps to encourage them." (Introduction of Devil's Game)
Dreyfuss also discusses how the West used Islamic radicalism to suppress Communist movements in the Middle East and the rest of the Islamic world. He provides a comprehensive review of the support of Western governments for the Mujahadeen and Jihadi Islamic fighters, who were trained and sent into Afghanistan. With the close support and advice of CIA paramilitaries, these Islamic jihadists helped defeat Soviet forces in Afghanistan. The book also describes the work of Bernard Lewis and his model of Islamic Balkanization, where the CIA secretly supported Islamic movements within the Soviet Union to utilize them as Anti-Communist insurgents in the event of war. The consequence of this CIA program is the present-day Islamic Chechen separatist conflict that the Russians are fighting.
Islamic Radicalism as a divisive tactic
The author also discusses how the Israeli government supported the growth of Hamas as a tool to fight the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). The PLO was always viewed as the major threat to Israel, because they were the more educated and secular Palestinians. They had fought a very effective campaign against Israel, whereas Hamas has had very limited success. The book predicts the current Palestinian crisis where (PLO) Fatah and Hamas militias battled each other in the streets of Gaza and in other parts of Palestine for dominance over the Palestinian people. Dreyfuss claims that the political and economic isolation of Hamas is currently suffocating the new government. Gaza is running out of gas and public workers have not been paid for many months. This has been a strategic victory for Israel in a classic example of divide and conquer.
Critical reception
Publishers Weekly gave the book a "Starred Review", stating that it "reaches farther and deeper into the subject than most".
Vanessa Bush for the American Library Association described it as "well-researched and insightful."
L. Carl Brown in Foreign Affairs, criticized the book's emphasis, arguing that the US has also opposed Islamic fundamentalism on many occasions, and that the author would have done better to focus on America's "excessively intrusive, regime-changing approach to the Middle East" instead, although he acknowledges in the next line that "Ironically, that is the thrust of his remarks on pages 15-17 of the introduction."
See also
Secret Affairs: Britain's Collusion with Radical Islam
The Israel Lobby and U.S. Foreign Policy
Unholy Wars
The Grand Chessboard
References
Books about Islamic fundamentalism
Books about foreign relations of the United States
Israeli–Palestinian conflict books |
5397659 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHDL-FM | XHDL-FM | XHDL-FM is a radio station on 98.5 FM in Mexico City. XHDL is owned by El Heraldo de México and operates as a news/talk station known as Heraldo Radio.
History
98.5 FM began as XELA-FM in 1962, owned by Radio Metropolitana, S.A., the concessionaire of XELA-AM 830. Until 1984, it was an FM simulcast of 830 AM; when it broke away, it became "Stereo Classics", English-language music of the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s. In 1989, the format was changed to more contemporary music in English as "Dial FM", and the callsign was changed to XHDL-FM to reference the new format.
Radioactivo era
On July 20, 1992, XHDL became "Radioactivo 98.5", with a rock and hip hop format. Its first slogan, "Radioactivity's in the air", was quickly eclipsed by its second: "Fuck everyone else". Various international artists, such as Metallica, Rammstein, The Mars Volta, Fabolous, Snoop Dogg and the Red Hot Chili Peppers, visited the station. From 1992 to 2000, MVS Radio, the joint venture between Frecuencia Modulada Mexicana and Grupo Imagen, operated the station; in 2000, XHDL-FM, XEDA-FM 90.5 and XELA-AM broke off to become the stations of Imagen Telecomunicaciones. Under Imagen, Radioactivo went through various changes, the largest of which was the departure of José Alvarez in 2003.
Reporte 98.5
With presidential elections looming in 2006, several stations flipped to talk formats, including XHDL, which did so in April 2004 under the name Reporte 98.5. Many of the personalities from Radioactivo 98.5 eventually migrated to IMER's XHOF-FM, such as Rulo, El Sopitas, Julio Martínez and Erich Martino. Reporte offered news, talk and traffic reports aimed at the Mexico City area, including three full newscasts a day, sports and financial programming.
RMX
XHDL-FM began operating in HD Radio in 2011 alongside XEDA-FM, making them the first radio stations in Mexico City to do so. At that time, XEDA-HD2 was activated carrying the audio of RMX Guadalajara (XHAV-FM). On January 5, 2017, Imagen Radio announced that XHDL would go full-time with the RMX format, beginning Monday, January 9, alongside one new affiliate, XHOD-FM in San Luis Potosí, as well as two existing Imagen/RMX combo stations, XHQOO-FM in Cancún and XHMIG-FM San Miguel de Allende-Celaya.
Sale to El Heraldo de México
On June 16, 2019, Grupo Imagen and Grupo Andrade, owners of the El Heraldo de México newspaper, announced that they had reached a strategic agreement under which Imagen would sell XHDL-FM and XHAV-FM to the newspaper, subject to the approval of the IFT.
RMX closed down at 11:59pm on Friday, June 21, to allow El Heraldo to begin operation of the station as Heraldo Radio on June 22. The new programming began on June 25, with longform newscasts and other informative programs, while still carrying music programming similar to RMX's on overnights and weekends. The transfer of the concessions of XHDL and XHAV to GA Radiocomunicaciones, S.A. de C.V., a subsidiary of Grupo Andrade, was approved by the IFT on August 28, 2019.
Heraldo Radio news hosts include Sergio Sarmiento, Guadalupe Juárez, Jesús Martín Mendoza and Salvador García Soto.
References
Radio stations in Mexico City
1962 establishments in Mexico
Radio stations established in 1962 |
4002073 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cholmondeley%20Award | Cholmondeley Award | The Cholmondeley Awards () are annual awards for poetry given by the Society of Authors in the United Kingdom. Awards honour distinguished poets, from a fund endowed by the Dowager Marchioness of Cholmondeley in 1966. Since 1991 the award has been made to four poets each year, to the total value of £8000.
List of prize winners
2020s
2022
Menna Elfyn
David Kinloch
Tiffany Atkinson
Gerry Loose
Maggie O'Sullivan
2021
Kei Miller
Paula Claire
Maurice Riordan
Susan Wicks
Katrina Porteous
2020
Bhanu Kapil
Alec Finlay
Linda France
Hannah Lowe
Rod Mengham
2010s
2019
Malika Booker
Fred D'Aguiar
Allen Fisher
Jamie McKendrick
2018
Vahni Capildeo
Kate Clanchy
Linton Kwesi Johnson
Daljit Nagra
Zoë Skoulding
2017
Caroline Bergvall
Sasha Dugdale
Philip Gross
Paula Meehan
2016
Maura Dooley
David Morley
Peter Sansom
Iain Sinclair
2015
Patience Agbabi
Brian Catling
Christopher Middleton
J. H. Prynne
Pascale Petit
2014
W.N. Herbert
Jeremy Hooker
John James
Glyn Maxwell
Denise Riley
2013
Simon Armitage
Paul Farley
Lee Harwood
Medbh McGuckian
2012
Christine Evans
Don Paterson
Peter Riley
Robin Robertson
2011
Imtiaz Dharker
Michael Haslam
Lachlan Mackinnon
2010
Gillian Allnutt
Colette Bryce
Gwyneth Lewis
Deryn Rees-Jones
2000s
2009
Bernard O'Donoghue
Alice Oswald
Fiona Sampson
Pauline Stainer
2008
John Burnside
John Greening
David Harsent
Sarah Maguire
2007
Judith Kazantzis
Robert Nye
Penelope Shuttle
2006
Alan Jenkins
Mimi Khalvati
Jo Shapcott
2005
Jane Duran
Christopher Logue
M. R. Peacocke
Neil Rollinson
2004
John Agard
Ruth Padel
Lawrence Sail
Eva Salzman
2003
Ciaran Carson
Michael Donaghy
Lavinia Greenlaw
Jackie Kay
2002
Moniza Alvi
David Constantine
Liz Lochhead
Brian Patten
2001
Ian Duhig
Paul Durcan
Kathleen Jamie
Grace Nichols
2000
Alistair Elliot
Michael Hamburger
Adrian Henri
Carole Satyamurti
1990s
1999
Vicki Feaver
Geoffrey Hill
Elma Mitchell
Sheenagh Pugh
1998
Roger McGough
Robert Minhinnick
Anne Ridler
Ken Smith
1997
Alison Brackenbury
Gillian Clarke
Tony Curtis
Anne Stevenson
1996
Elizabeth Bartlett
Dorothy Nimmo
Peter Scupham
Iain Crichton Smith
1995
U. A. Fanthorpe
Christopher Reid
C. H. Sisson
Kit Wright
1994
Ruth Fainlight
Gwen Harwood
Elizabeth Jennings
John Mole
1993
Patricia Beer
George Mackay Brown
P. J. Kavanagh
Michael Longley
1992
Allen Curnow
Donald Davie
Carol Ann Duffy
Roger Woddis
1991
James Berry
Sujata Bhatt
Michael Hulse
Derek Mahon
1990
Kingsley Amis
Elaine Feinstein
Michael O'Neill
1980s
1989
Peter Didsbury
Douglas Dunn
E. J. Scovell
1988
John Heath-Stubbs
Sean O'Brien
John Whitworth
1987
Wendy Cope
Matthew Sweeney
George Szirtes
1986
Lawrence Durrell
James Fenton
Selima Hill
1985
Dannie Abse
Peter Redgrove
Brian Taylor
1984
Michael Baldwin
Michael Hofmann
Carol Rumens
1983
John Fuller
Craig Raine
Anthony Thwaite
1982
Basil Bunting
Herbert Lomas
William Scammell
1981
Roy Fisher
Robert Garioch
Charles Boyle
1980
George Barker
Terence Tiller
Roy Fuller
1970s
1979
Alan Brownjohn
Andrew Motion
Charles Tomlinson
1978
Christopher Hope
Leslie Norris
Peter Reading
D. M. Thomas
R. S. Thomas
1977
Peter Bland
George Macbeth
James Simmons
Andrew Waterman
1976
Peter Porter
Fleur Adcock
1975
Jenny Joseph
Norman MacCaig
John Ormond
1974
D. J. Enright
Vernon Scannell
Alasdair Maclean
1973
Patric Dickinson
Philip Larkin
1972
Molly Holden
Tom Raworth
Patricia Whittaker
1971
Charles Causley
Gavin Ewart
Hugo Williams
1970
Kathleen Raine
Douglas Livingstone
Edward Brathwaite
1960s
1969
Derek Walcott
Tony Harrison
1968
Harold Massingham
Edwin Morgan
1967
Seamus Heaney
Brian Jones
Norman Nicholson
1966
Ted Walker
Stevie Smith
See also
List of British literary awards
British poetry
List of poetry awards
List of years in poetry
List of years in literature
External links
Society of Authors Awards page
Complete list of past winners
Information from recent years
Awards established in 1966
1966 establishments in the United Kingdom
British poetry awards |
4002074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Hearne | George Hearne | George Hearne may refer to:
George Hearne (cricketer, born 1829) (1829–1904), English cricketer, the father of George Gibbons Hearne
George Francis Hearne (1851–1931), English cricketer
George Gibbons Hearne (1856–1932), Test cricketer who played for England and South Africa, the son of George Hearne and father of George Alfred Lawrence Hearne
George Alfred Lawrence Hearne (1888–1978), South African Test cricketer, the son of George Gibbons Hearne
See also
George Hearn (disambiguation) |
5397664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Life%20Wasted | Life Wasted | "Life Wasted" is a song by the American rock band Pearl Jam. Featuring lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard, "Life Wasted" was released on August 28, 2006 as the second single from the band's eighth studio album, Pearl Jam (2006). The song peaked at number 10 on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart. On Pearl Jam, "Life Wasted" is reprised as a modified version on the album's tenth track, "Wasted Reprise".
Origin and recording
"Life Wasted" features lyrics written by vocalist Eddie Vedder and music written by guitarist Stone Gossard.
Lyrics
The lyrics for "Life Wasted" were reportedly written about the death of the punk rock guitarist Johnny Ramone and about the feelings one has after driving home from a funeral. In an interview with Rolling Stone, Vedder stated:
When you leave that funeral, that drive is as important as any single stretch of road you'll travel on. You've got a renewed appreciation for life. And I think that feeling can last through the day, through the week, but then things start getting back to normal and you start taking this living and breathing and eating thing for granted. I think that song is there to remind you, 'This is that feeling'....The truth is—I'm a little sensitive and this is a close, personal relationship. I'll just say it. Fuck it. Right up front. Half the record is based on the loss of the guy who turned out to be the best friend I ever had on the planet. And that was Johnny Ramone.
Release and reception
A 7" single for "Life Wasted" was released commercially in the UK on August 28, 2006. The B-side is "Come Back" from June 27, 2006 in Saint Paul, Minnesota at Xcel Energy Center. The single was also made available as a download from the UK iTunes Store. The song peaked at number 13 on the Billboard Mainstream Rock Tracks chart and number ten on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart.
Kyle Anderson of Spin said that "even though Eddie Vedder sings "Leave the fame to someone else" over the best riff Pete Townshend never wrote (on "Life Wasted"), he actually chuckles just before the last chorus. It's a small detail, but it's a sign that Pearl Jam are taking themselves less seriously, and it fits them like a snug flannel shirt." This is misquoted however, as the line is "leave the pain for someone else"
A cover of "Life Wasted" is featured in the 2007 video game, Guitar Hero II, for the Xbox 360.
Music video
The music video for "Life Wasted" was directed by Fernando Apodaca. The video explores the song's themes of death and rebirth. The video was filmed over 10 months in locations such as Romania, Seattle, Washington, and George, Washington. The video, which emulates the liner notes from the album, was done without the aid of special effects. Apodaca created the physical sculptures for the video. Life casts were made of each of the band members' heads. Vedder sacrificed his eyelashes for the process. The busts were brought to life through the use of projection. During the video, the heads are shown being lit on fire, drenched with water, and inhabited by worms and bugs. Other sculptures in the video were made from bronze, wax, and leather. It also features footage of Vedder singing and the band performing the song.
Apodaca stated that the video portrays "the ambiguities of consumerism, obsolescence, deterioration, and growth. Within the film exists a fractured world which is both fragile and transitory, such as wax melting and bread voraciously consumed by ants. Various mythologies are revealed but not explained, opening doorways to interpretation." The video was released on May 19, 2006 to the public on Google Video under the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs license allowing copying, distributing and sharing. This was most likely the first time that a video produced by a major record company was released under such a license. This video marked the first time Pearl Jam had released a conceptual video since "Do the Evolution" in 1998. It was nominated for a MTV Video Music Award for Best Special Effects in 2006.
Accolades
Best Music Video Director (Fernando Apodaca) - 2006 San Diego Film Festival
Live performances
"Life Wasted" was first performed live at the band's April 20, 2006 concert in London, England at the London Astoria. The band played this song when they appeared on the Late Show with David Letterman on May 4, 2006 in support of Pearl Jam. Pearl Jam performed the song in 2006 for Sessions@AOL. Pearl Jam performed the song for its appearance on VH1 Storytellers in 2006. Since 2007, the band has played the song in the key of C major during live performances. On the album and 2006 performances, it was played in D♭major. The change of key requires the de-tuning of the guitars to a half-step down (E♭, A♭, D♭, G♭, B♭, E♭), and the use of a capo on the 3rd fret (first 5 strings only, open 6th) as opposed to the 4th fret. Live performances of "Life Wasted" can be found on various official bootlegs, the Live at the Gorge 05/06 box set, and the live album Live at Lollapalooza 2007. A performance of the song is also included on the DVD Immagine in Cornice.
Track listing
"Life Wasted" (Stone Gossard, Eddie Vedder) – 3:54
"Come Back" (live) (Mike McCready, Vedder) – 5:18
Recorded live on June 27, 2006 at Xcel Energy Center in Saint Paul, Minnesota.
Chart performance
References
External links
Lyrics at pearljam.com
2006 singles
Pearl Jam songs
Songs inspired by deaths
Songs written by Eddie Vedder
Songs written by Stone Gossard
Song recordings produced by Matt Cameron
Song recordings produced by Eddie Vedder
Song recordings produced by Stone Gossard
Song recordings produced by Mike McCready
Song recordings produced by Jeff Ament
Song recordings produced by Adam Kasper
J Records singles
Creative Commons-licensed works |
4002082 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medici%20Vase | Medici Vase | The Medici Vase is a monumental marble bell-shaped krater sculpted in Athens in the second half of the 1st century AD as a garden ornament for the Roman market. It is now in the Uffizi Gallery in Florence.
Description
Standing 1.52 metres (approximately 5 feet) tall, with a gadrooned everted lip, it has a deep frieze carved with a mythological bas-relief that defies secure identification: a half-draped female figure Iphigenia seated below a statue of a goddess on a high plinth, restored as Diana, with heroic warriors on either side, perhaps Agamemnon and either Achilles or Odysseus standing to either side. Two fluted loop handles rise from satyrs' heads on either side of the acanthus-leaf carved base, and it stands on a spreading gadrooned base on a low square plinth.
History
The vase reappeared in the 1598 inventory of the Villa Medici, Rome, but its origin is unknown. Transferred from the villa in 1780, it has ever since been displayed in the Uffizi Gallery, today in the first-floor Verone sull’Arno overlooking the River Arno. It was often illustrated in engravings, the most famous of which is by Stefano della Bella (1656); he depicted the young Medici heir who would become Grand Duke Cosimo III seated, drawing the vase.
Often paired as garden ornaments since the later 17th century with the similar Borghese Vase,
they are two of the most admired and influential vases from antiquity. The place of the Medici Vase in the Western canon of Greek and Roman remains may be gauged by its prominent position in the composed views or capricci that were a specialty of the Roman painter Giovanni Paolo Panini, to pick the outstanding example.<ref group="n">Panini's composed View of Roman Monuments, featuring the Medici Vase, at the Philadelphia Museum of Art is illustrated in Richard Paul Wunder, "Panini's View of Roman Monuments", Philadelphia Museum of Art Bulletin 56 (Winter 1961:54–56) p. 55; in the catalogue of the most influential Roman antiquities in Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, Taste and the Antique: The Lure of Classical Sculpture 1500–1900 (1981) the Medici Vase is cat. no. 82.</ref> Angelica Kauffman painted the second Lord Berwick on his Grand Tour seated beside the vase.
Many "copies", sometimes rather loose, were made to decorate palaces or their gardens. The Medici Vase remains a popular subject for imitation in bronze or porcelain, for example by Wedgwood. Material on the many later decorative versions of the pairing can be found at Borghese Vase.
Copies
See also
Medici lions
Notes
References
Francis Haskell and Nicholas Penny, 1981. Taste and the Antique: the Lure of Classical Sculpture 1500–1900 (Yale University Press) 1981: cat. no. 82.
External links
Flickr: "Replica of Medici Vase in Kew Gardens" — photo''.
Mallettantiques.com: 19th century copy of the Medici Vase
Hellenistic and Roman sculptural vases
Medici
Hellenistic-style Roman sculptures
Classical sculptures in the Uffizi
History of sculpture
Agamemnon |
4002083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C3%A2rscov | Pârscov | Pârscov () is a commune in Buzău County, Muntenia, Romania. It is composed of twelve villages: Bădila, Curcănești, Lunca Frumoasă, Oleșești, Pârjolești, Pârscov, Robești, Runcu, Târcov, Tocileni, Trestieni and Valea Purcarului.
Pârscov is the birthplace of the Romanian poet Vasile Voiculescu.
Notes
Communes in Buzău County
Localities in Muntenia |
5397668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Carmel%20%28disambiguation%29 | Mount Carmel (disambiguation) | Mount Carmel is a coastal mountain range in northern Israel.
Mount Carmel may refer also to:
Places in the United States
Mount Carmel, Hamden, a neighborhood of Hamden, Connecticut
Mount Carmel, Florida
Mount Carmel, Illinois, a city and county seat
Mount Carmel, Indiana, Franklin County, a town
Mount Carmel, Washington County, Indiana, an unincorporated community
Mount Carmel, Kentucky, an unincorporated community
Mount Carmel, Mississippi
Mount Carmel, a township and community in Cavalier County, North Dakota
Mount Carmel, Ohio, a census-designated place
Mount Carmel, Pennsylvania, a borough
Mount Carmel, Saskatchewan, a hamlet in Canada
Mount Carmel, South Carolina, a census-designated place
Mount Carmel, Tennessee, a town
Mount Carmel, Utah, now part of Orderville
Mount Carmel Junction, Utah, now part of Orderville
Mount Carmel, West Virginia, an unincorporated community
Mount Carmel District, a neighborhood of Poughkeepsie, New York
Mount Carmel Precinct, Wabash County, Illinois
Health care
Mount Carmel Health System, in Ohio, U.S.
Mount Carmel Community Hospital, in Dublin, Ireland
Mount Carmel Medical Group, a health care organization in Ireland
Mt. Carmel Regional Medical Center, a hospital in Pittsburg, Kansas, U.S.
Other
Mount Carmel Catholic College for Girls, a Catholic specialist secondary school in London
Mount Carmel Cemetery (Hillside, Illinois), near Chicago, Illinois
Mount Carmel Center, a home of the Branch Davidians in Waco, Texas
Mount Carmel Shrine (Saskatchewan)
Mount Carmel, also known as Sleeping Giant, a small mountain in Connecticut
See also
Mount Carmel High School (disambiguation)
Mount Carmel College (disambiguation)
Mount Carmel, Ontario (disambiguation)
Our Lady of Mount Carmel (disambiguation)
zh:旋磁共振 |
5397677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20G.%20Taylor | John G. Taylor | John Gerald Taylor (18 August 1931 – 10 March 2012) was a British physicist and author. He is notable for writing a book critical of paranormal phenomena.
Biography
Taylor attended King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford and Mid-Essex Polytechnic, before gaining MA (Cantab) and PhD degrees from Christ's College, Cambridge (1950–1956). He had a wide-ranging academic career in mathematical physics and artificial intelligence. He was an emeritus professor and Director of the centre for Neural Networks at King's College London and guest scientist of the Research Centre at the Institute of Medicine in Jülich, Germany. From 2007 to 2012, Taylor led a unique research program at Commerzbank's Alternative Investment Strategies (COMAS) Group. The program used artificial intelligence techniques to create portfolios of hedge funds. This is the first program of its kind in the fund of hedge funds industry.
In 2011, Taylor co-founded Commonwealth Capital Management LLP together with Nathaniel Philip Rothschild and Mehraj Mattoo. The company launched its first systematic fund of CTAs on Deutsche Bank's dbSelect platform based on Taylor's artificial intelligence models developed while he worked at COMAS.
His previous positions and interests, while still at King's College, were in mathematics and physics. He was the author of many popular books.
Taylor also trained as an actor and performed in plays and films, wrote several science fiction plays and directed stage productions in Oxford and Cambridge.
Parapsychology
Taylor, after witnessing spoon bending by Uri Geller, became interested in parapsychology. At first he believed that Geller's feats as well as other alleged paranormal phenomena were genuine. He wrote a book titled Superminds (1975) in which he argued for a physical explanation for the paranormal. He believed the explanation for extrasensory perception, psychokinesis, spoon bending and other paranormal phenomena may be found in electromagnetism. However, experiments that he conducted under laboratory conditions were negative which left him sceptical regarding the validity of paranormal phenomena.
Taylor had tested children in metal bending. According to Martin Gardner the controls were inadequate as the children would put paper clips in their pockets and later take one out twisted or be left with metal rods unobserved. James Randi managed to bend an aluminium bar when Taylor was not looking and scratch on it "Bent by Randi". In other experiments two scientists from Bath University examined metal bending with children in a room which was secretly being videotaped through a one-way mirror. The film revealed that the children bent the objects with their hands and feet. Due to the evidence of trickery, Taylor concluded metal bending had no paranormal basis.
Taylor wrote that the physicalist explanation in which properties of objects have been explained in terms of their constituents has been most successful in science. The forces holding them together are gravity, radioactivity, electromagnetism and the nuclear force. Taylor wrote that only one force could possibly explain alleged paranormal phenomena: electromagnetic forces acting on the normal constituents of bodies. Taylor wrote that when science faces up to the supernatural it is a case of "electromagnetism or bust". In a four-year investigation into the paranormal, Taylor and his colleague Eduardo Balanovski searched for abnormal electromagnetic signals in parapsychological experiments. Electromagnetic and radio-wave detectors were used but no abnormal electromagnetic signals or paranormal effects were observed.
Taylor wrote that an unknown fifth force causing psychokinesis would have to transmit a great deal of energy. The energy would have to overcome the electromagnetic forces binding the atoms together. The atoms would need to respond more strongly to the fifth force while it is operative than to electric forces. Such an additional force between atoms should therefore exist all the time and not during only alleged paranormal occurrences. Taylor wrote there is no scientific trace of such a force in physics, down to many orders of magnitude; thus if a scientific viewpoint is to be preserved the idea of any fifth force must be discarded. Taylor concluded there is no possible physical mechanism for psychokinesis and it is in complete contradiction to established science.
In his book Science and the Supernatural (1980) Taylor concluded that all the paranormal phenomena he investigated turned out to have a naturalistic scientific explanation or did not occur under careful controlled conditions. He wrote that many of the results could be explained by fraud, credulity, fantasy and sensory cues. The book received a positive review in the New Scientist, which concluded "he will not make any converts among believers in the paranormal, but at the same time, he probably will not alienate many of them either".
Quotes
Published books
He is author of the following books:
The Mind: A User's Manual, (2006), .
Neural Networks and the Financial Markets Predicting, Combining, and Portfolio Optimisation (2002),
The Race for Consciousness (1999), .
The Promise of Neural Networks (Perspectives in Neural Computing), (1993), .
Science and the Supernatural: An Investigation of Paranormal Phenomena Including Psychic Healing, Clairvoyance, Telepathy, and Precognition by a Distinguished Physicist and Mathematician (1980),
Superminds: An Enquiry into the Paranormal (1975),
New Worlds in Physics (1974),
Black Holes: The End of the Universe? (1973),
The New Physics (1972),
The Shape of Minds to Come (1971),
Notes
1931 births
2012 deaths
Academics of King's College London
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
British neuroscientists
British physicists
British sceptics
British science writers
Critics of parapsychology
Medical educators
Parapsychologists
People educated at King Edward VI Grammar School, Chelmsford |
5397681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netherthong | Netherthong | Netherthong is a village in the civil parish of Holme Valley, and the metropolitan borough of Kirklees in West Yorkshire, England. The village is near the town of Holmfirth, and on the B6107 road to Meltham from the main A6024 Woodhead Road through the Holme Valley from Honley to Holmfirth. It has an estimated population of 1,738 (2018).
History
The name Netherthong may derive from Old English 'neotherra' (lower) + 'thwang' (narrow strip [of land]); since there is also an Upperthong which is situated on higher ground than Netherthong, the names could designate higher and lower strips of land.
The former Wesleyan chapel in the village was the first in the Huddersfield area. The chapel (now a private dwelling on St Mary's Estate) was opened in 1771. In 1772 John Wesley preached there; in 1757 he wrote "I rode over the mountains to Huddersfield. A wilder people I never saw in England. The men, women and children filled the streets and seemed just ready to devour us."
Community
The village school, of 214 mixed pupils, is Netherthong Primary. Ofsted's last full inspection of December 2012 rated the school Grade 1 (Outstanding) in all areas and overall effectiveness.
Netherthong parish church is All Saints', built between 1829–30 by Leeds architect Robert Dennis Chantrell and remodelled in 1877 by William Swinden Barber. The church is part of the Upper Holme Valley Team Ministry (benefice), and within the Diocese of Leeds.
There are two public houses: The Clothiers, and The Cricketers in nearby Deanhouse. There is a village shop and newsagent which is part of the Londis chain, and a post box on Giles Street.
References
External links
Netherthong Primary School
Villages in West Yorkshire
Holme Valley
Geography of Holmfirth
Towns and villages of the Peak District |
4002085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oreophryne | Oreophryne | Oreophryne, the cross frogs, is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Southern Philippine, Celebes and the Lesser Sunda Islands, and New Guinea.
Species
External links
. 2013. Amphibian Species of the World: an Online Reference. Version 5.6 (9 January 2013). Oreophryne. Electronic Database accessible at American Museum of Natural History, New York, USA. (Accessed: November 23, 2013).
[web application]. 2008. Berkeley, California: Oreophryne. AmphibiaWeb, available at https://web.archive.org/web/20040827082534/http://www.amphibiaweb.org/ (Accessed: June 14, 2008).
taxon Oreophryne at http://www.eol.org.
Taxon Oreophryne at https://web.archive.org/web/20160606043808/http://www.itis.gov/index.html. (Accessed: June 14, 2008).
Microhylidae
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Oskar Boettger |
5397686 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Mitchell | Greg Mitchell | Greg Mitchell (born 1947) is an American author and journalist who has written twelve non-fiction books on United States politics and history of the 20th and 21st centuries. He has also written and directed two film documentaries, the award-winning feature Atomic Cover-up (2021), which screened at fifteen film festivals, and in early 2022 The First Attack Ads: Hollywood vs. Upton Sinclair. His latest book, published by the New Press in 2020, was the award-winning The Beginning or the end: How Hollywood--and America--Learned to Stop Worrying and Love the Bomb. His previous book, a bestseller, was published by Crown in October 2016 (and in ten editions abroad), was The Tunnels: Escapes Under the Berlin Wall and the Historic Films the JFK White House Tried to Kill. From 2009 to 2016 he blogged on the media and politics for The Nation, where he closely covered WikiLeaks. He co-produced the acclaimed 2014 film documentary "Following the Ninth," about the political and cultural influence of Beethoven's Ninth Symphony.
In three recent books, he has addressed issues of the relations between the press and government, especially related to the conduct of the 21st-century United States wars in Iraq and Afghanistan. He was the editor of Editor & Publisher (E&P) (2002 through 2009), which covers the news and newspaper industry. His book, The Campaign of the Century (1992), about Upton Sinclair's run for governor of California and the rise of media politics, received the 1993 Goldsmith Book Prize for journalism. It was adapted by PBS as a documentary episode for its seven-part series on The Great Depression (1993). In addition, it was adapted as a vaudeville-style musical and received an award in California in 2006 for musical theatre.
Mitchell was editor of Nuclear Times magazine (1982 to 1986), and became interested in the history of the United States' use of the atom bomb during World War II. He addressed issues related to this in a 1996 book co-written with Robert Jay Lifton, "Hiroshima in America," and a later book "Atomic Cover-up." Mitchell served as senior editor of Crawdaddy magazine in the 1970s.
Early life and education
Greg Mitchell was born in 1947 in Upstate New York.
Career
He first worked in journalism as a summer intern for the Niagara Falls Gazette (now the Niagara Gazette).
In the 1970s, Mitchell began working for Crawdaddy! magazine, where he became a senior editor. With fellow editor Peter Knobler, Mitchell is credited with helping to create in December 1972 and publish the first magazine article about the now-prominent musician Bruce Springsteen. They first met Springsteen and watched him perform at a promo gig in Sing Sing Prison before his first album was released.
Marriage and family
From his first marriage Mitchell has a daughter Jeni, who lives in London.
After divorce, he married the writer Barbara Bedway. They live in Nyack, New York. The couple has a son, Andy, who has become a filmmaker. Mitchell wrote about their experiences in Little League baseball in his memoir Joy in Mudville (2000).
Editor
Mitchell served as editor of Nuclear Times magazine from 1982 to 1986. He has written numerous articles about the atomic bombings during World War II, published in magazines and newspapers including The New York Times and the Washington Post. His book on how the U.S. suppressed shocking footage shot by American military film crews in Hiroshima and Nagasaki, Atomic Cover-Up, was published in 2011.
Mitchell is co-author with Robert Jay Lifton of Hiroshima in America: A Half Century of Denial (1996) on the perceptions in the United States of the nuclear bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki during World War II. In an interview, he discussed the long-censored stories of the Chicago Tribune correspondent George Weller, the first Western news reporter to reach Nagasaki after the atomic bombing.
He wrote a second book with Lifton about capital punishment called Who Owns Death? (2002).
Political campaigns
Mitchell has written two books about notable California political campaigns: The Campaign of the Century (1992) examined Upton Sinclair's race for governor in 1934 and the birth of media-driven elections. PBS adapted it as "We Have a Plan", the fourth of seven documentary episodes featured in The Great Depression (1993) series, produced and directed by Lyn Goldfarb. In 2011 the book was republished in new print and e-book editions.
It was also adapted as a vaudeville-style musical and first produced in a concert version at the Chicago Humanities Festival in 2004. The book is by Robert L. Freedman, lyrics by Freedman and Steven Lutvak, and music by Lutvak. In 2006 it won the California Musical Theatre Award from the Beverly Hills Theatre Guild.
Mitchell's Tricky Dick and the Pink Lady: Richard Nixon Vs Helen Gahagan Douglas--Sexual Politics and the Red Scare, 1950 (1998) studies an era in California politics as it reflected and influenced national issues in the post-World War II years. He also wrote an e-book on the Obama-Romney race in 2012 titled "Truth, Lies, and Videotape."
Views on news coverage
In 2003 and 2004, Mitchell wrote and spoke about issues in journalistic integrity. In an E&P column in 2003, Mitchell wrote about having made up some quotes in a man-in-the-street article at age 21, while working as a summer intern (what he described as his Jayson Blair moment). He was then working for the Niagara Falls (N.Y.) Gazette (now the Niagara Gazette) and assigned to gather quotes from tourists at Niagara Falls. He wrote that he and other journalists learn from their mistakes.
In a 2004 interview with the Echo Chamber Project, Mitchell discussed the duty of news reporters to be "skeptical." He cited coverage of the Bush administration's justification of the 2003 War in Iraq as a failure of the media to exercise skepticism.
He said,
[A]ll our coverage on all subjects—is not to be partisan or not to be left or right or anything like that. But we believe in the—what should be the main principle of journalism, besides being accurate and fair, is to be skeptical—to raise questions, to not take what officials say as the gospel truth—unless it's really proven—if there's documents.
Whether covering Washington or a small town, Mitchell said,
[T]he journalistic principle is the same: to be skeptical unless there's hard evidence and proof. And you report what someone says—"It's their claim." "It's what they say." "It's what they allege." "It's what they're trying to prove." But you don't present these things as fact if you're not sure they're fact. And what happened with the Iraq coverage was that too often newspapers—and especially television—went with stories that were based on official claims, and in retrospect, were really propaganda. Because in some cases, the officials were well-meaning. Maybe they thought that they had the evidence. But in other cases, they knew their evidence was incredibly shaky—or should have known—and yet went with the evidence claiming it was fact. And the press just, in most cases, accepted it.
Press and government
Three of Mitchell's recent books have dealt with relations between the press and government, inspired in part by revelations of Bush administration misdirection related to justification of the War in Iraq, as well as issues related to the WikiLeaks scandal. These are So Wrong for So Long: How the Press, the Pundits—and the President—Failed in Iraq (2008)—re-published as an e-book in 2013, Bradley Manning: Truth and Consequences (2011, coauthor with Kevin Gosztola), and The Age of WikiLeaks (2011).
Blogs
Mitchell blogs regularly as his own site, Pressing Issues. He also blogs for the Huffington Post, among other sites. His Twitter feed is @GregMitch.
Books
The Tunnels: Escapes Under the Berlin Wall and the Historic Films the JFK White House Tried to Kill (2016)
Atomic Cover-Up: Two U.S. Soldiers, Hiroshima & Nagasaki, and The Greatest Movie Never Made (2011)
The Age of WikiLeaks (2011)
Bradley Manning: Truth and Consequences (2011)
So Wrong for So Long: How the Press, the Pundits—and the President—Failed in Iraq (2008)
October Light: Paris and Auvers, photographs by Greg Mitchell (2006)
Joy in Mudville: A Little League Memoir (2000/2002)
Tricky Dick and the Pink Lady: Richard Nixon Vs Helen Gahagan Douglas-Sexual Politics and the Red Scare, 1950 (1998)
Very Seventies: A Cultural History of the 1970s, from the Pages of Crawdaddy, ed. Peter Knobler and Greg Mitchell (1995)
The Campaign of the Century: Upton Sinclair's E.P.I.C. Race for Governor of California and the Birth of Media Politics (1992) Reissued in 2011 in print and e-book editions as The Campaign of the Century: Upton Sinclair's Race for Governor of California and the Birth of Media Politics)
Truth and Consequences: 7 Who Would Not Be Silenced (1987)
With Robert Jay Lifton
Who Owns Death?: Capital Punishment, the American Conscience, and the End of Executions (2002)
Hiroshima in America: A Half Century of Denial (1996)
Awards
Winner of the 1993 Goldsmith Book Prize for The Campaign of the Century, Joan Shorenstein Center, Harvard Kennedy School
References
External links
Official blog
Media Fix blog, The Nation
Interview: Greg Mitchell, Book Reporter
Mitchell's online column archive, Editor & Publisher
Excerpt: Greg Mitchell, Joy in Mudville, Book Reporter, 2000
Living people
1947 births
American anti–nuclear weapons activists
American male journalists
American print editors
American bloggers
American media critics
American political writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
American male bloggers |
4002090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20Act%201973 | Water Act 1973 | The Water Act 1973 (1973 c.37) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom that reorganised the water, sewage and river management industry in England and Wales. Water supply and sewage disposal were removed from local authority control, and ten larger regional water authorities were set up, under state control based on the areas of super-sets of river authorities which were also subsumed into the new authorities. Each regional water authority consisted of members appointed by the Secretary of State for the Environment, and by the various local authorities in its area.
The Act also established a National Water Council. This body consisted of a chairman nominated by the minister, the chairmen of each regional authority and not more than ten additional members nominated by the government. The Council's duties included implementing national water policy, assisting the ten regional authorities in matters of joint concern, and setting and enforcing national regulations and byelaws on water quality and conservation.
Background
The 1973 Act was another step towards an integrated policy of water management, which like much of the previous legislation, was restricted to England and Wales, with Northern Ireland and Scotland being specifically excluded. The concept of a unified authority with responsibility for all of the water-related functions within a river basin or series of river basins was not new. The Duke of Richmond introduced a river conservancy bill into Parliament in 1878, and the Council of the Society of Arts was prepared to award medals to those who could devise suitable watershed districts to aid such conservancy. Frederick Toplis received a silver medal for his plan to create 12 watershed districts, each run by commissioners, who would have powers to acquire all of the waterworks within their area, and to manage both them and the rivers for water supply and the prevention of flooding and pollution. He saw the need for each to be supported by competent legal advisers and engineers. His watershed districts were remarkably similar to the water authorities created under the 1973 Act, but quite different to those of the other five entrants whose plans were also published at the time. The only bodies which were responsible for a range of water management functions were the Thames Conservancy, created in 1857, and the Lee Conservancy Board, created in 1868.
The first moves towards more widespread management of river basins in England and Wales were enshrined in the Land Drainage Act 1930, which although primarily concerned with land drainage to prevent flooding, created catchment boards. These were responsible for the management of main rivers, and each was based around a river basin or group of river basins. Because of the emphasis on land drainage, they did not cover the whole of England and Wales, but this changed in 1948, when the River Boards Act 1948 created 32 river boards. They inherited the powers of the catchment boards where they existed, and took over responsibility for flood prevention from local authorities where they did not. The river boards had additional responsibilities concerning fisheries, the prevention of pollution and the gauging of rivers, to record flows and levels. They were in turn replaced by 27 river authorities following the passing of the Water Resources Act 1963, each with additional duties to monitor water quality and protect water resources.
In parallel with these developments, the Water Act 1945 had marked the start of a national water supply policy. It had recognised the need for central government to supervise the statutory suppliers of water, and to be involved in the difficult issues of water supply. It had also recognised that the supply of water to non-domestic consumers was part of an integrated policy, and had introduced the concept of abstraction licensing. In many areas, pollution of rivers by sewage was a serious problem, resulting from rapid expansion of population, and little incentive to invest in sewage treatment works. The Rivers (Prevention of Pollution) Act 1951 introduced discharge licensing, and with extra powers from a similar Act of 1961, tried to encourage local authorities to invest more in such works, but the Working Party on Sewage Disposal, which reported in 1970, concluded that there were over 3,000 sewage treatment works which were performing inadequately.
List of water authorities
Bibliography
References
United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 1973
Former nationalised industries of the United Kingdom
Water in the United Kingdom |
5397692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paranoia%20Agent%20Original%20Soundtrack | Paranoia Agent Original Soundtrack | Paranoia Agent Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack to the TV series Paranoia Agent composed by Susumu Hirasawa. The CDs catalog number is #5274, and is labeled by Geneon Entertainment, the same company that holds the English language rights to the anime series in the US.
Track listing
"Condition Boy" contains a sample of "Kun Mae #3" by Syun, from the album Kun Mae on a Calculation.
"Cultivation" was sampled by Kaku P-Model for "Cruise Psyclaon", from the album Vistoron.
Outtake Collection
On May 16, 2004, Hirasawa released outtakes of the soundtrack, which are alternate arrangements of song melodies that were included in the final soundtrack and one unused theme, on his website.
Personnel
Susumu Hirasawa - Voice, Electronic keyboard, Amiga, Personal computer, Digital audio workstation, Synthesizers, Sampler, Sequencer, Programming, Production
Masanori Chinzei - Recording, Mixing, Mastering
mediaHYPERIUM Studios - Mastering (US release)
Rihito Yumoto and Mika Hirano (Chaos Union) - A&R
Kiyoshi Inagaki - Design
Koyo Graphic International - Design (US release)
Masaru Owaku - Photography, Photographic Processing
Syotaro Takami - Translation
Michiko Powers - Production (US release)
Nobu Yamamoto - Executive production (US release)
External links
Paranoia Agent Original Soundtrack official website
Paranoia Agent Original Soundtrack on NO ROOM
Reverie Hill, released for free at Hirasawa's official website
Songs from the series not found in the soundtrack at Hirasawa's official website
Anime soundtracks
Paranoia Agent
Susumu Hirasawa albums
2004 soundtrack albums |
5397705 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfgang%20Heinrich%20Johannes%20Fuchs | Wolfgang Heinrich Johannes Fuchs | Wolfgang Heinrich Johannes Fuchs (May 19, 1915, Munich – February 24, 1997) was a British mathematician specializing in complex analysis. His main area of research was Nevanlinna theory.
Fuchs received his Ph.D. in 1941 from the University of Cambridge, under the direction of Albert Ingham. He joined the faculty of Cornell University in 1950 and spent the rest of his career there.
See also
Erdős–Fuchs theorem
Chung–Fuchs theorem
References
External links
20th-century German mathematicians
Mathematical analysts
Alumni of the University of Cambridge
Cornell University faculty
Scientists from Munich
1915 births
1997 deaths
German emigrants to the United Kingdom |
5397707 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Andersen | Mark Andersen | Mark Andersen is a punk rock community activist and author who lives in Washington D.C. He was born and raised in rural Montana, and moved to Washington D.C. in 1984 to attend graduate school at the Johns Hopkins School of Advanced International Studies (SAIS).
Andersen co-founded the punk activist organization Positive Force D.C. in 1985, and the We Are Family Senior Outreach Network in 2004. Together with his wife, Tulin Ozdeger, he is the co-director of We Are Family, which serves low-income seniors in the Shaw, North Capitol Street and Columbia Heights neighborhoods of Washington, D.C.
He is the author of three books, Dance of Days: Two Decades of Punk in the Nation's Capitol (Soft Skull Press, 2001), All The Power: Revolution Without Illusion (2004), and We are the Clash: Reagan, Thatcher, and the Last Stand of a Band that Mattered. He has also contributed to several other books including Sober Living For the Revolution: Hardcore, Radical Politics, and Straight Edge (2010), We Owe You Nothing: Punk Planet, the Collected Interviews (Expanded Edition) (2008), Rad Dad: Dispatches From the Frontiers of Fatherhood (2011), and Rock Politics: Popular Musicians Who Changed the World (2012).
Andersen donated his archives to the Martin Luther King Jr. Memorial Library in 2015.
References
External links
Positive Force D.C.
Interview with Mark Andersen in 'Engine' a now defunct zine, by Mark Average
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American activists
Paul H. Nitze School of Advanced International Studies alumni |
4002092 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Jack%20City%20%28soundtrack%29 | New Jack City (soundtrack) | Music from the Motion Picture New Jack City is the original soundtrack to Mario Van Peebles' 1991 film New Jack City. It was released by Giant Records through Reprise Records, and distributed by Warner Bros. Records. The soundtrack consists of eleven original songs, most of which were performed by chart-topping R&B and hip-hop artists of the time. The music is heavily influenced by the New Jack Swing genre of R&B. Prominent artists and producers of this sound contributed to the soundtrack, including Guy with Teddy Riley, Keith Sweat, Color Me Badd, and Johnny Gill; Al B. Sure! produced the track "Get It Together (Black Is a Force)," performed by F.S. Effect.
The soundtrack reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart for eight weeks, and No. 2 on the Billboard 200. The single "I'm Dreamin'," performed by Christopher Williams, and "For the Love of Money/Living for the City," performed by Troop, LeVert, and Queen Latifah, reached No. 1 and No. 12 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart, respectively.
The Troop/LeVert/Queen Latifah song was a medley of The O'Jays' "For the Love of Money" and Stevie Wonder's "Living for the City" (The O'Jays' lead singer is Eddie Levert, the father of two members of the group LeVert).
Track listing
Personnel
Doug McHenry — executive producer
George Jackson — executive producer
Benny Medina — executive producer
Cassandra Mills — executive producer
Teddy Riley — producer, arranger
Bernard Belle - producer
Charts
Singles
See also
List of number-one R&B albums of 1991 (U.S.)
References
External links
1991 soundtrack albums
Hip hop soundtracks
Contemporary R&B soundtracks
Giant Records (Warner) soundtracks
Albums produced by DJ Aladdin
Albums produced by Teddy Riley
Action film soundtracks |
5397711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baylis | Baylis | Baylis may refer to:
Places
Baylis, Illinois, a village in Pike County, Illinois, United States
Baylis, Slough, a place in the English county of Berkshire
Baylis, the seat of Alexander Wedderburn, 1st Earl of Rosslyn near Salt Hill, Windsor where he died in 1805
Baylis Road, a road in Lambeth, London, England
Baylis & Harding, the handwash company based in Redditch, England
Baylis Street, one of the main shopping streets in Wagga Wagga, New South Wales, Australia
Baylis Court School, a girls' school in Slough, Berkshire, England
Other uses
Baylis (surname)
Baylis–Hillman reaction, a reaction of an aldehyde and an α,β-unsaturated electron-withdrawing group catalyzed by DABCO (1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]octane) to give an allylic alcohol
Aza-Baylis–Hillman reaction, the reaction of an α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compound with an imine in the presence of a nucleophile
See also
Bayless, a surname
Bayliss, a surname |
4002099 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prem%20Chand%20Gupta | Prem Chand Gupta | Prem Chand Gupta (born February 3, 1950) was the cabinet minister in Ministry of Company Affairs of India. He is a member of the Rajya Sabha, the upper house of Indian Parliament from Bihar. Earlier, he was elected from Jharkhand to the Rajya Sabha. He had some involvement in coal scam. He was previously an NRI based in Hong Kong who promoted a factory manufacturing watches in India (Indo Swiss Time) and entered politics later. He currently lives in South Extension, New Delhi.
References
Living people
1950 births
Members of the Cabinet of India
Rashtriya Janata Dal politicians
Rajya Sabha members from Bihar
Rajya Sabha members from Jharkhand
Coal block allocation scam
Ministers for Corporate Affairs |
4002126 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scooby | Scooby | Scooby may refer to:
Scooby-Doo (character), an animated television character also called Scooby
Scooby Web Calendar, the former code name for Web UI of the Cosmo Web Calendar project from the Open Source Applications Foundation
Slang term for the Japanese car manufacturer Subaru
Nickname of Cristián Castañeda (born 1968), Chilean retired footballer
Nickname of Philip Scooby Wright (born 1994), American football player
See also
Scooby-Doo (disambiguation)
Lists of people by nickname |
5397712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tree%20%28command%29 | Tree (command) | In computing, tree is a recursive directory listing command or program that produces a depth-indented listing of files. Originating in PC- and MS-DOS, it is found in Digital Research FlexOS, IBM/Toshiba 4690 OS, PTS-DOS, FreeDOS, IBM OS/2, Microsoft Windows, and ReactOS. A version for Unix and Unix-like systems is also available.
The tree command is frequently used as part of a technical support scam, where the command is used to occupy the command prompt screen, while the scammer, pretending to be technical support, types additional text that is supposed to look like output of the command.
Overview
With no arguments, tree lists the files in the current directory. When directory arguments are given, tree lists all the files or directories found in the given directories each in turn. Upon completion of listing all files and directories found, tree returns the total number of files and directories listed. There are options to change the characters used in the output, and to use color output.
The command is available in MS-DOS versions 3.2 and later and IBM PC DOS releases 2 and later. Digital Research DR DOS 6.0, Itautec SISNE plus, and Datalight ROM-DOS include an implementation of the command.
The Tree Command for Linux was developed by Steve Baker. The FreeDOS version was developed by Dave Dunfield and the ReactOS version was developed by Asif Bahrainwala. All three implementations are licensed under the GNU General Public License.
Example
$ tree path/to/folder/
path/to/folder/
├── a-first.html
├── b-second.html
├── subfolder
│ ├── readme.html
│ ├── code.cpp
│ └── code.h
└── z-last-file.html
1 directories, 6 files
See also
ls
pstree
List of Unix commands
List of DOS commands
References
Further reading
External links
The Tree Command for Linux Homepage
tree | Microsoft Docs
External DOS commands
OS/2 commands
ReactOS commands
Unix file system-related software
Windows commands |
4002131 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranyl%20peroxide | Uranyl peroxide | Uranyl peroxide or uranium peroxide hydrate (UO4·nH2O) is a pale-yellow, soluble peroxide of uranium. It is found to be present at one stage of the enriched uranium fuel cycle and in yellowcake prepared via the in situ leaching and resin ion exchange system. This compound, also expressed as UO3·(H2O2)·(H2O), is very similar to uranium trioxide hydrate UO3·nH2O. The dissolution behaviour of both compounds are very sensitive to the hydration state (n can vary between 0 and 4). One main characteristic of uranium peroxide is that it consists of small needles with an average AMAD of about 1.1 μm.
The uranyl minerals studtite, UO4·4H2O, and metastudtite, UO4·2H2O, are the only minerals discovered to date found to contain peroxide. The product is a light yellow powder.
Synthesis
In general, uranyl peroxide can be obtained from a solution of uranium (VI) by adding a peroxide, usually hydrogen peroxide solution. The dihydrate is obtained from a boiling solution of uranyl nitrate with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and drying of the precipitate, while the trihydrate is precipitated from a solution of ammonium uranyl oxalate.
Crystal structure
The unit cell consists of uranyl cations coordinated to two water molecules and two peroxide anions. The latter are μ2-coordinated to the cation — that is, end-on. Additional water molecules are bound in the crystal by hydrogen bonding. Only the tetrahydrate has been characterized by X-ray crystallography, but density functional theory offers a good approximation to the dihydrate.
Polyperoxouranylate allotrope
When uranyl nitrate is dissolved in an aqueous solution of hydrogen peroxide and an alkali metal hydroxide, it forms cage clusters akin to polyoxometalates or fullerenes. Syntheses also typically add organic materials, such as amines, to serve as templates, akin to zeolites.
Applications
Radiolysis of uranium salts dissolved in water produces peroxides; uranyl peroxide has been studied as a possible end component of spent radioactive waste.
References
Some Chemistry of Uranium
Uranyl compounds
Peroxides
Nuclear materials
Oxidizing agents |
4002136 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toyota%20Auto%20Body%20California | Toyota Auto Body California | Toyota Auto Body Company, Inc. (TABC), California is a manufacturing plant in Long Beach, California, located at 6375 North Paramount Boulevard. Established in 1972, TABC was the first Toyota plant in North America. A subsidiary of Toyota Motor North America, the plant occupies .
The plant produces sheet metal and aluminum components, weld subassemblies, steering columns, catalytic converters, and painted service parts for Toyota's North American manufacturing facilities, for export to Toyota's facilities in Japan, and for Tesla, along with producing catalytic converters and numerous past model service parts for Toyota Motor North America.
History
The plant was established to circumvent the chicken tax, a 25 percent tariff on light trucks imposed in 1964 by the United States under President Lyndon B. Johnson in response to tariffs placed by France and West Germany on importation of U.S. chicken. While the government said the tariff was meant to curtail importation of German-built Volkswagen Type 2s, other models were also impacted, including the Toyota Hilux (also known as the Toyota Pickup). Toyota found a tariff engineering loophole: they could import "chassis cab" configurations (which included the entire truck, less the truck bed) with only a 4% tariff. When the trucks arrived in the United States, a truck bed would subsequently be attached to the chassis before being sent to dealers.
To enable this work, Toyota struck a deal in 1971 with Atlas Fabricators, which would produce the truck beds starting in November. The partnership was successful and, in , Toyota purchased the company and renamed it Long Beach Fabricators. The plant was Toyota's first manufacturing investment in the United States.
The company would change its name to Toyota Motor Manufacturing (USA) Inc. (TMM) in . The TMM name would later be used for Toyota's Kentucky assembly plant that would begin production in . On , the California plant was renamed TABC, Inc. (Toyota Auto Body California), a nod to the company's Toyota Auto Body manufacturing subsidiary.
Toyota would later say that TABC had a large role in building Toyota's pickup trucks into a major model in the U.S. on the same level as the Corolla and the Camry. In 1984, Toyota would establish with GM a joint-venture vehicle manufacturing plant called NUMMI which would begin assembling complete Hilux trucks in the United States starting in 1991.
Between 2004 and 2008, TABC was the assembly location for the first, U.S.-produced Hino commercial truck.
, the plant produces sheet metal and aluminum components, weld subassemblies, steering columns, catalytic converters, and painted service parts for Toyota's North American manufacturing facilities, for export to Toyota's facilities in Japan, and for Tesla, along with producing catalytic converters and numerous past model service parts for Toyota Motor North America.
References
External links
1972 establishments in California
Companies based in Long Beach, California
Manufacturing companies based in Greater Los Angeles
Motor vehicle assembly plants in California
Toyota factories
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1972 |
4002139 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C5%BD%20class%2062 | JŽ class 62 | The Jugoslovenske Železnice (JŽ; Yugoslavian Railways) class 62 was a class formed of 106 ex-United States Army Transportation Corps S100 Class steam locomotives, surplus after the Second World War, plus about 90 similar examples built by Đuro Đaković of Slavonski Brod, Croatia between 1952 and 1961.
These Yugoslav-built examples differ in minor details, but principally the use of plate frames instead of bar frames, resulting in a higher boiler pitch. This in turn leads to distinct shoulder on the steam pipes (the American-built examples having straight steam pipes) and smaller domes which have a flat top so they are not higher than the cab roof.
Preservation
Several of these engines survive, but one 62-669, built in 1960 was bought by a preservation group in England and has been modified to resemble a Southern Railway USA class, and become "No. 30075", one higher than the last British Railways example. Another one has since followed:
62-669 (built 1960) Shillingstone Railway Project "30075"
62-521 (built 1954) Shillingstone Railway Project "30076"
External links
Project 62, the project to restore and maintain the British-bought locomotive
USATC S100
Steam locomotives of Yugoslavia
0-6-0T locomotives
Davenport locomotives
H. K. Porter locomotives
Vulcan Iron Works locomotives
Standard gauge locomotives of Yugoslavia
Shunting locomotives |
5397715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Touch%20It%20%28Busta%20Rhymes%20song%29 | Touch It (Busta Rhymes song) | "Touch It" is a song by Busta Rhymes. Released on December 13, 2005, it was the first single from Rhymes' Aftermath/Interscope debut, The Big Bang. The song reached number one in New Zealand, and number six in the United Kingdom. The song features a minimalistic beat provided by Swizz Beatz, and a sample from the song "Technologic" by electronic duo Daft Punk. "Touch It" in turn was incorporated into Daft Punk's live album, Alive 2007.
History
The release date for the single in the UK was 15 May 2006. However, due to UK chart rules allowing songs to chart on download sales alone, one week before the single's physical release, "Touch It" managed to make the top 40, entering at #23 on download sales only. After the physical single release, the song climbed to #6, its peak position. The song had a strong chart run initially, spending seven weeks inside the top 30 there, however, because the physical copies of the single were deleted, the single was withdrawn from the chart due to new chart rules stating that singles could only remain in the chart for two weeks after their physical deletion. This is why the record seemingly fell from the UK top 75 from the top 30. The song was also popular on the charts in the U.S., peaking at #16 on the Billboard Hot 100 and topping the chart in New Zealand.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Touch It (Remix)
After the release of "Touch It", a series of remixes were set into play. The main remix features Mary J. Blige, Rah Digga, Missy Elliott, Lloyd Banks, Papoose and DMX. The result was five popular versions of the song and a video, each featuring different well-known hip-hop artists. An EP was released on iTunes featuring four of the remixes on March 7, 2006. The final full-length remix had an accompanying video.
Remix video
In the opening of the video, the head cheerleader and the rest of the girls are in burgundy and silver outfits. Busta Rhymes then arrives and decides who runs the city. Upon the entrance of each performer, they mention something positive happening. After Bust and Spliff finish their battle (freestyle), the cheerleaders sing and step to the "Touch It" beat. An electronic machine makes a zapping-sound and a bolt of green lighting appears in the background.
In each scene, all the rappers wear colors that match the background. Usually, after one rapper finishes their verse the others appear and start strutting and dancing on beat. The screen shows two or more sides of the other backgrounds and their rappers. After Busta Rhymes, the other rappers appear in this order: Mary J. Blige in white, Rah Digga in pink, Missy Elliott in purple, Lloyd Banks in blue, Papoose in green and DMX in black (he has his hood up). Busta Rhymes and his friend, Spliff Star, appear in red at the beginning and in yellow at the end. Each singer appears with different outfits, such as Busta's white T-shirt, Papoose's, DMX's, Lloyd Banks' jackets, and the ladies' fur coats. During Mary J. Blige's part, her alter ego, Brooke Lynn, appears dressed in a matching white costume. Other cameo appearances in the music video are of Sean Paul, DJ Kayslay, Deelishis, producer Swizz Beatz, Winky Wright, Félix Trinidad, Black Rob and Spliff Star.
At the 2006 BET Awards, Busta performed the Video Remix live on stage, along with will.i.am, Elliott, Banks, Blige, Papoose, and Rah Digga. DMX was absent for the performance, but his part was played on the screens onstage. The performance also featured a surprise final verse by Eminem, who began with some of Busta's lines from A Tribe Called Quest's "Scenario".
Official remixes and versions
Touch It (Remix Version) [Featuring Mary J Blige, Missy Elliott, Rah Digga] (Dirty) - 3:57
Touch It (Remix Version) [Featuring Mary J Blige, Missy Elliott, Rah Digga] (Clean)- 3:57
Touch It (Remix Version) [Featuring Lloyd Banks, Papoose] (Dirty) - 3:57
Touch It (Remix Version) [Featuring Lloyd Banks, Papoose] (Clean) - 3:57
Touch It (Remix) [Featuring DMX] (Dirty) – 3:55
Touch It (Remix) [Featuring DMX] (Clean) – 3:55
Touch It (The Remix) [Featuring Mary J. Blige, Missy Elliott, Rah Digga, Lloyd Banks, Papoose and DMX] (Dirty) - 4:00
Touch It (The Remix) [Featuring Mary J. Blige, Missy Elliott, Rah Digga, Lloyd Banks, Papoose and DMX] (Clean) - 4:00
Dedication
Busta Rhymes' bodyguard and entourage member, Israel Ramirez, was fatally shot outside the set of this song's music video during filming in Brooklyn on February 5, 2006. The police have still not found a suspect. In the remix version video, the cheerleader scene is preceded by a slideshow of Israel "Izzy" Ramirez with a message from Busta Rhymes to the deceased telling him how much he meant to him and how he would not be forgotten.
Nominations and success
Along with the video for the original version of the song, a new video was created, featuring abridged versions of all six guest artists' verses. The video also includes cameos from Brooke Valentine, DJ Kay Slay, Sean Paul, Swizz Beatz, Spliff Star, and boxing champions Félix Trinidad and Winky Wright, who had fought in May 2005.
It was nominated for Best Male Video, and Best Rap Video at the 2006 MTV Video Music Awards. Busta Rhymes himself placed it # 1 on his BET Top 25 countdown. It debuted on BET 106 & Park in the spring and received major airplay. It also spun the career of Papoose. The remix was also nominated for Best Rap Solo Performance at the 2007 Grammy Awards.
References
External links
Touch It Remix Lyrics
2006 singles
Busta Rhymes songs
DMX (rapper) songs
Lloyd Banks songs
Mary J. Blige songs
Missy Elliott songs
Music videos directed by Benny Boom
Number-one singles in New Zealand
Song recordings produced by Swizz Beatz
Songs written by Swizz Beatz
Aftermath Entertainment singles
Interscope Records singles
Songs written by Thomas Bangalter
Songs written by Guy-Manuel de Homem-Christo
Songs written by Busta Rhymes
2005 songs
2006 songs
Music memes |
4002142 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nature%27s%20Law | Nature's Law | "Nature's Law" is a song by English rock band Embrace from their fifth studio album, This New Day (2006). It was released 20 March 2006 as the lead single from the album, peaking at number two on the UK Singles Chart, the band's highest chart entry to date.
Track listings
UK CD single
"Nature's Law" – 4:09
"Deliver Me" – 3:52
"Collide" – 2:57
UK DVD single
"Nature's Law" (audio)
"Nature's Law" (video)
"Nature's Law" (video—live at the M.E.N. Arena)
"Nature's Law" (video—behind the scenes)
UK limited-edition 7-inch orange vinyl single
A. "Nature's Law" – 4:09
B. "Soulmates" – 4:11
UK digital download
"Nature's Law" – 4:07
"Deliver Me" – 3:54
"Collide" – 2:59
"Nature's Law" (draft one) – 4:15
"Nature's Law" (live at Alexandra Palace) – 4:10
"Nature's Law" (live at the M.E.N. Arena) – 4:12
"Nature's Law" (orchestral instrumental version) – 4:06
"Nature's Law" (orchestral version) – 4:11
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
Embrace (English band) songs
2006 singles
2006 songs
Independiente (record label) singles
Number-one singles in Scotland
Songs written by Danny McNamara
Songs written by Youth (musician)
Songs written by Richard McNamara
UK Independent Singles Chart number-one singles |
5397721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leontopolis%20%28Heliopolis%29 | Leontopolis (Heliopolis) | Leontopolis (Egyptian: Ney-ta-hut) is the Greek name for the modern area of Tell el Yehudiye or Tell el-Yahudiya (Egyptian Arabic: Jewish Mound). It was an ancient city of Egypt in the 13th nome of Lower Egypt (the Heliopolite Nome), on the Pelusiac branch of the Nile. This site is known for its distinctive pottery known as Tell el-Yahudiyeh Ware.
Discovery
Linant identified the site in 1825, but Niebuhr had identified it earlier, in the late 18th century.
Earthwork enclosures
The site includes some massive rectangular earthwork enclosures of the late Middle Kingdom or Second Intermediate Period. They measure around 515m by 490m, and their purpose is probably defensive. These earthen walls were sloping and plastered on the outer face, and almost vertical on the inner face. Egyptian parallels for such a structure are lacking. This enclosure is often interpreted as a fortification built by the Hyksos; it is generally known as the "Hyksos Camp". There are also cemeteries from the Middle Kingdom and later. A temple and palace of Ramesses II has also been excavated. Also, there was a palace of Ramesses III with some fine decorations.
Jewish temple
In the reign of Ptolemy VI Philometor (180–145 BC) a temple, modelled after that of Jerusalem, was founded by the exiled Jewish priest Onias IV. The Hebrew colony, which was attracted by the establishment of their national worship at Leontopolis, and which was increased by the refugees from the oppressions of the Seleucid kings in Judea, flourished there for more than three centuries afterwards. After the outbreak of the Jewish War, the Leontopolite temple was closed in the first century CE, amid the general backlash against Judaism.
Gallery
Citations
See also
Land of Onias
References
Manfred Bietak: Tell el-Yahudiya, in: Kathryn A. Bard (Hg.): Encyclopedia of the Archaeology of Ancient Egypt, London/New York 1999, 791–792.
John S. Holladay Jr.: Yahudiyya, Tell el-, in: D. B. Redford (Hg.): The Oxford Encyclopedia of Ancient Egypt III, Oxford 2001, 527–529.
Edouard Naville: The mound of the Jew and the city of Onias, London 1890.
Richard Talbert, Barrington Atlas of the Greek and Roman World, (), p. 74.
A.-P. Zivie: Tell el-Jahudija, in: Lexikon der Ägyptologie VI, 331–335.
External links
Archaeologic survey
Tell el-Yahudiya at egyptsites.wordpress.com
Archaeological sites in Egypt
Hyksos cities in ancient Egypt
Former populated places in Egypt
Tells (archaeology) |
5397722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newa%20dance | Newa dance | Newar Dance (Nepal bhasa:) consists of the whole array of dances that are traditionally performed by Newars.
Classification
The Newar dances can be classified as traditional masked dances, folk dances, and ritual dances.
Traditional masked dances
Lakhey dance
Astamatrika dance
Navadurga dance
Pulukisi dance (elephant dance)
Sawabhakku
Neelbarahi Naach, Bode, Madhyapur Thimi
The Majipa Lakhey dance is a masked dance characterized by vigorous movements and loud music. It is performed by the Ranjitkars of Kathmandu during the Yanya Punhi festival, also known as Indra Jatra, which occurs in September. The dancer and his attendants wander about the streets setting the tone of the festivities. The Gunla Lakhey dance is a similar street performance which tours various parts of the city during Gunla, the tenth month in the Nepal Sambat calendar, which corresponds to August. Almost all Newar settlements have a Lakhey dance troupe.
Folk dances
Jyapu Pyakhan
Tekanpur Pyakhan
Ritual dances
Charya Pyakhan
Gathu Pyakhan
Kumha Pyakhan dance
Daitya Pyakhan
Charya Nritya (Chachaa Pyakhan in Nepal Bhasa) is a Buddhist ritual dance with a history going back more than 1,000 years. It is performed by Newar Buddhist priests known as Bajracharya as part of their esoteric meditation practices and rituals. The dancers represent various deities like the Five Buddhas, Manjusri, Vajrayogini and Tara. The song accompanying the dance opens with a salutation and describes the deity's characteristics and accessories. Performances were shown only to the initiated. The first public showing was held during the Fourth World Buddhist Conference held in Kathmandu in 1956.
References
Musical CD:
"Charya: The Tantric Musical Tradition of the Kathmandu Valley", Florence-Bologna: A-Buzz Supreme – Stenopeica, 2013 (Collection: "Seeds of Sounds in the An of Power" directed by: Martino Nicoletti)
Asian dances |
5397730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montana%20Conservation%20Corps | Montana Conservation Corps | The Montana Conservation Corps (MCC) is a young adult voluntary development program modeled after the Civilian Conservation Corps of the 1930s, using conservation projects to foster citizenship and personal growth in its members. The MCC operates crews in four towns throughout Montana: Missoula, Kalispell, Helena, and Bozeman. In addition MCC's central office is located in Bozeman.
Overview
These projects, or "hitches", take the form of trail construction and maintenance, but also include fencing, noxious weed control, habitat restoration, tree planting, fuels reduction, historical building renovation, and campground improvements. Working for Montana state agencies and federal agencies such as the National Park Service, the U.S. Forest Service, and the Bureau of Land Management, members not only have the opportunity to develop vocational and interpersonal skills but also spend their summer amid the landscapes of Montana, Idaho, Wyoming, and North Dakota.
MCC crews are managed by a pair of co-leaders and consist of four to five Corpsmembers, all of whom are also AmeriCorps volunteers. The Crew Leader terms last from February to November, while the Corpsmember terms last from May to October. Those who join the MCC come from assorted backgrounds: college graduates; Peace Corps graduates; other AmeriCorps Programs; environmental educators; individuals who want to work with the Forest Service or Park Service; and individuals who want to do something different with their lives.
In addition to field crews, the MCC also serves Montana teens with its Youth Service Expedition program. Expedition crew members volunteer on conservation projects for four weeks during the summer and receive a monetary award upon completion. Camp Paxson is one of the places where training occurs.
MCC also serves OEF and OIF veterans with its Veterans Green Corps (VGC) program. VGC members complete a conservation job skills training program with the end goal of pursuing employment with public land agencies.
MCC is part of the Big Sky Watershed Corps partnership (BSWC). BSWC members assist communities in watershed health and conservation.
Mission statement
(taken from the 2010 MCC website)
"To inspire young people through hands-on conservation service to be leaders, stewards of the land, and engaged citizens who improve their communities."
History
• The organization was modeled after Franklin Roosevelt's Civilian Conservation Corps of the 1930s and centered around small teams, diverse conservation projects and life changing experiences.
• MCC was established in 1991, by the Human Resource Development Councils in Billings, Bozeman and Kalispell. At that time, it was primarily a summer program serving disadvantaged youth.
• In 1993, the AmeriCorps National Service Program began funding the Montana Conservation Corps and enabled the progression to a year-round program. In 1995, the Montana Board of Crime Control granted the MCC funds to develop CorpsLINK, a program aimed at utilizing Corpsmembers to supervise youth performing community service and to mentor at-risk youth. These programs began utilizing Corpsmember's to perform service projects addressing community needs in addition to performing natural resource projects.
• A small staff in Bozeman manages the agency and a volunteer Board of Directors governs the organization. MCC crews do a variety of projects for natural resource agencies including: recreation area management, trail construction and repair, fence building, cave restoration, wildlife habitat improvement, stream rehabilitation, and playground construction. Community service projects performed by MCC crews include repairing senior citizen homes, distributing food to the needy, and building community gardens.
• Support for the MCC comes from many individuals and organizations that have a keen interest in the energy and enthusiasm of our young people. Over 200 public and private agencies sponsor MCC projects each year, with most of the financial support coming from City, County, State and Federal land management agencies. AmeriCorps funding through the Governor's Office of Community Service accounts for a little over half the budget with project sponsors providing the bulk of the remainder.
• MCC dispatched crews to hurricane relief in Florida in 2003 and 2004, [Hurricane Katrina] relief in 2005 and to [Hurricane Sandy] relief in 2012.
References
External links
Montana Conservation Corps homepage
AmeriCorps organizations
Youth organizations based in Montana
Nature conservation organizations based in the United States
Non-profit organizations based in Montana
1991 establishments in Montana
Service year programs in the United States |
4002149 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine%20skiing%20at%20the%201956%20Winter%20Olympics | Alpine skiing at the 1956 Winter Olympics | At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, the six alpine skiing events were held from Friday, 27 January to Friday, 3 February.
Toni Sailer of Austria won all three men's events to become the first alpine ski racer to win three gold medals in a single Olympics. The feat has been repeated once, by Jean-Claude Killy in 1968.
The races were held at the adjacent Tofana, except for the men's giant slalom, which was held at Monte Faloria. The men's downhill was the final event.
Medal summary
Men's events
Source:
Women's events
Source:
Medal table
Course information
Source:
World championships
From 1948 through 1980, the alpine skiing events at the Winter Olympics also served as the World Championships, held every two years. With the addition of the giant slalom, the combined event was dropped for 1950 and 1952, but returned as a World Championship event in 1954 as a "paper race" which used the results from the three events. During the Olympics from 1956 through 1980, World Championship medals were awarded by the FIS for the combined event. The combined returned as a separate event at the World Championships in 1982 and at the Olympics in 1988.
Combined
Men's Combined
Downhill: 3 February, Giant Slalom: 29 January, Slalom: 31 January
Women's Combined
Downhill: 1 February, Giant Slalom: 27 January, Slalom: 30 January
References
External links
International Olympic Committee results database
FIS-Ski.com – results – 1956 Olympics – Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
FIS-Ski.com – results – 1956 World Championships – Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy
1956 Winter Olympics events
Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics
1956 in alpine skiing
Alpine skiing competitions in Italy |
4002151 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoplophryne | Hoplophryne | Hoplophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Tanzania.
Species
There are two species in this genus, both endangered:
Hoplophryne rogersi Barbour and Loveridge, 1928
Hoplophryne uluguruensis Barbour and Loveridge, 1928
References
Microhylidae
Amphibians of Sub-Saharan Africa
Endemic fauna of Tanzania |
5397733 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XHOF-FM | XHOF-FM | XHOF-FM, also known as Reactor 105.7, is a radio station in Mexico City that plays alternative rock music, and hip hop mainly in English and Spanish. Its broadcast frequency is 105.7 MHz.
XHOF-FM broadcasts in HD.
History
Radio Departamento
The Department of the Federal District (DDF) solicited a permit for a radio station in 1967. However, the station seemed cursed from the beginning. The Department had a hard time procuring the permit; one month after it was issued, the government was still evaluating the technical parameters. Additionally, the original callsign of XEDO-FM had to be changed (in April 1968) when it was discovered that a Michoacán radio station had been using those calls since 1961.
In March 1969, the SCT informed the DDF that the latter still had not complied with the requirements for the construction of the station. "Radio Departamento", however, soon got on track to launch May 1, 1969, from the top floor of the Departamento del Distrito Federal building, with of floor space to work with.
To IMER
In 1983, the Instituto Mexicano de la Radio was created. IMER included all of the stations operated by the executive branch of the federal government, XHOF included. However, it took the SCT until 2005 to transfer the permit of XHOF to IMER, on the fourth request by the latter. From 1992 to 1994, XHOF was operated by Radio S.A. (RASA) under contract. Meanwhile, the station went through various names and formats: Radio Cosmos, Estéreo Joven, Láser FM, Conexión Acústica and Órbita 105.7. In 2005, the Legislative Assembly of the Federal District asked then-mayor Andrés Manuel López Obrador to take action to "recover" control of the station from IMER, but López Obrador, like his predecessors, did not take any action.
The current Reactor format was formed after the closure of Radioactivo 98.5 and the old Órbita 105.7 format. Some of the most popular and relevant radio hosts of the former stations are now working for Reactor. Because of the official nature of the radio station there is a strong tendency to promote Spanish-speaking or Mexican bands, a situation that has defined the personality of the project as the only opportunity for the independent market of alternative or out-of-the-mainstream bands in Mexico.
In 2019, the SPR's XHSPRM-FM 103.5 in Mazatlán flipped from simulcasting Radio México Internacional to simulcasting Reactor.
References
External links
XHOF-FM — official page
Radio stations established in 1969
Radio stations in Mexico City
1969 establishments in Mexico |
5397739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laudir%20de%20Oliveira | Laudir de Oliveira | Laudir Soares de Oliveira (6 January 1940 – 17 September 2017) was a Brazilian musician and producer mostly renowned for his time as percussionist with the band Chicago.
Oliveira grew up in Rio de Janeiro, and started working professionally in music in the 1960s, accompanying Brazilian musicians such as Sérgio Mendes and Marcos Valle. In 1968 he moved to the United States. Credited simply as "Laudir", he also appeared on Joe Cocker's 1969 debut album, playing on his hit single "Feelin' Alright".
In 1973, Oliveira was invited to play with Chicago on the band's sixth album. As Robert Lamm and James Pankow recalled, "Laudir was an incredible percussionist. He was an incredible player. He came out of Sergio Mendes. At first we experimented with using percussion in the studio, and we liked the way the percussion held the tempos together so much that we decided to keep the percussion aspect part of the band. ... Terry Kath in particular felt the need for a percussionist to keep the grooves, the tempo steady". According to Chicago's drummer Danny Seraphine, "[Laudir's style and mine] fit together perfectly, creating a layered and full sound that reinforced the strong Latin influence that had been building in our music".
After playing on the albums Chicago VI and Chicago VII as a sideman, Oliveira officially joined the band in 1974. The blend of jazz-rock and Brazilian rhythm resulting from his presence would end up defining many of the band's hits, including "Happy Man", "Call on Me", "Mongonucleosis" and "If You Leave Me Now". He subsequently appeared on all the albums from Chicago VIII through Chicago XIV. Apart from playing percussion, de Oliveira also provided vocals to "You Get It Up" from Chicago X (1976) and co-authored "Life is What It is" on Chicago 13 (1979).
Parallel to Chicago, Oliveira continued to work as a session man. In 1978, he played with The Jacksons on their album Destiny.
During his tenure in Chicago, De Oliveira grew particularly close to guitarist Terry Kath. De Oliveira was the last band member to see Kath alive the night before he died following a gun-related accident in 1978.
In 1981, as Chicago's music became more pop-oriented, de Oliveira was asked to leave the band to make room for Bill Champlin. He spent the next five years in Los Angeles, doing session work for other musicians like Chick Corea, Gal Costa, Airto Moreira, Flora Purim, Carlos Santana, Wayne Shorter and Nina Simone, before relocating to his native Brazil in 1987.
Oliveira lived in Rio de Janeiro, where he was Cultural Director of the Universidade do Grande Rio. In September 2010 he reunited with Chicago on the occasion of the band's concert at the HSBC Arena in Rio de Janeiro, performing "Happy Man". The event marked the first time any former member of Chicago performed again with the band's new line-up. In April 2016 he appeared as a special guest percussionist alongside former Chicago drummer Danny Seraphine and former Chicago guitarist Donnie Dacus in a performance in New York following Chicago's 2016 induction into the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
Oliveira died of a heart attack on 17 September 2017 at the age of 77 while performing onstage in Rio de Janeiro. He was survived by his former wife, Katherine Newton, and their three children.
References
1940 births
2017 deaths
Brazilian drummers
Brazilian expatriates in the United States
Brazilian percussionists
Brazilian session musicians
Chicago (band) members
Conga players
Güiro players
Latin jazz percussionists
Tambourine players
Triangle players
Musicians who died on stage
Deaths in Rio de Janeiro (state)
Brazilian jazz percussionists
Brazilian record producers |
5397740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahima%20Banu | Rahima Banu | Rahima Banu Begum (; born 16 October 1972) is the last known person to have been infected with naturally occurring Variola major smallpox, the more deadly variety of the disease.
The disease
The case was reported on 16 October 1975, when Banu was three years old, and living in the village of Kuralia on Bhola Island in the Bangladeshi district of Barisal. Her case was reported by an eight-year-old girl, Bilkisunnessa, who was paid 250 taka. Information on the case was forwarded via telegram to D.A. Henderson, who led the World Health Organization's (WHO) campaign to eradicate the disease. The WHO team arrived and cared for Banu, who made a full recovery. On 24 November 1975 she was declared free of the virus. Scabs of the virus from her body were transferred to the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) office in Atlanta, where they are currently stored along with hundreds of other samples. Everyone on the island who might have come into contact with the infected were vaccinated, while the island was searched to find others who might still be infected. The strain from her sample is known as Bangladesh 1975 formally and the Rahima strain informally.
Later life
Banu created income for her family by posing for photos. In an interview in 2009, Banu said she had four children after marrying a farmer at the age of 18. She said that villagers and her in-laws treated her poorly because she had suffered from smallpox.
See also
Ali Maow Maalin, last person infected with naturally occurring Variola minor.
Janet Parker, last known person to die from smallpox
References
External links
The village of Kuralia
Living people
1972 births
Smallpox eradication
Bangladeshi women
People from Bhola District |
4002166 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Line%20%28Washington%20Metro%29 | Silver Line (Washington Metro) | The Silver Line is a rapid transit line of the Washington Metro system, consisting of 28 operational stations and an additional six undergoing testing. The line runs in Fairfax County and Arlington County, Virginia, the District of Columbia and Prince George's County, Maryland, United States. The Silver Line currently runs from in Virginia to in Maryland. Five stations are shared with the Orange Line alone, thirteen with both the Orange and Blue lines from to , and five stations with the Blue Line alone to both lines' eastern terminus at Largo Town Center. Only five operating stations, which began service on July 26, 2014, and the six stations undergoing testing are exclusive to the Silver Line.
The portion of the Silver Line between its split from the Orange Line and Wiehle–Reston East station is in Fairfax County, Virginia and was constructed as Phase 1 of the Dulles Corridor Metrorail Project. Phase 2 expands the line another to Ashburn in Loudoun County, via Washington Dulles International Airport, adding six stations to the line. Construction of Phase 2 began in 2014; its opening is expected in late 2022. The $6.8 billion project is Metro's largest expansion by route mileage since its inception in 1976.
History
Planning
The federal government of the United States, which owned and operated Dulles Airport before Congress created the MWAA, built the Dulles Access Road in the 1960s to connect the airport to Washington, D.C. by way of Virginia State Route 267. As the access road was built, the authorities opted to reserve the median of the road for some form of rail transit, and the nearby West Falls Church station was designed so that the line could eventually be extended in this direction. The original 1968 Metrorail plan included an eventual extension to Dulles airport. In 1969, U.S. Senator from Virginia William B. Spong Jr. tried unsuccessfully to have the extension to Dulles be built as part of an early stage of the system rather than having it be built at some unspecified time in the future. A 1971 study of the feasibility of Metrorail running to Dulles estimated that 30,000 people would ride the extension each day.
In 1995, the Virginia General Assembly authorized the Commonwealth Transportation Board (CTB) to provide for "additional improvements to the Dulles Toll Road and Dulles Access Road corridor including, but not limited to, mass transit, including rail and capacity-enhancing treatments from surplus net revenues of the Dulles Toll Road".
In 1998, Raytheon engineers and constructors proposed to build and operate a Dulles Corridor Bus Rapid Transit (BRT) system. In January 1999, the Tysons-Dulles Corridor Group (which included Bechtel Corporation and West*Group) offered a competing BRT proposal that would ultimately extend the rail line to Ashburn. These proposals prompted the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to evaluate the merits of BRT and heavy rail public transit in the corridor.
Local residents and officials had talked of a Metro extension to Dulles since the Washington Metro began service in 1976, but significant planning did not begin until 2000. The Dulles Corridor Rapid Transit Project "scoping" process began in April 2000 with a series of meetings with local and federal officials, designed to collect the necessary authorities for the project. Local and federal law required extensive Analysis of Alternatives – the two most likely being bus lanes or inaction – and of the environmental impact. The rail-only line won over the other alternatives. Initial environmental hearings, which closed on August 28, 2002, were positive. Although planners originally considered ending the first phase at Tysons, state officials decided that the first phase would end at Reston's Wiehle Avenue, partially to reassure the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority that the line would eventually run to Dulles Airport. The project received formal approval on June 10, 2004.
In February 2005, the CTB approved a 50 cent increase in the Dulles Toll Road toll rates, effective May 22, 2005, and "reaffirm[ed] that no less than 85% of existing surplus Dulles Toll Road net revenues shall be dedicated for mass transit and rail in the [Dulles] Corridor" and provided "that all additional toll revenue generated from the May 22, 2005 toll adjustment shall be dedicated to the [Metrorail] Project." Between July 1, 2003, and November 1, 2008, when the toll road was transferred to MWAA, over $138 million in net surplus toll revenue (together with accumulated interest) was provided to MWAA for the Silver Line project.
Financing
Although the original financing plan called for a 50-cent toll increase on the Dulles Toll Road to finance the Silver Line (25 cents at the main plaza and 25 cents at the ramp plazas), the increase in projected costs resulted in the MWAA Board approving an increase in the surcharges. Effective January 1, 2010, the fare surcharge was increased to 50 cents at both the main plaza and ramp plazas, with additional 25-cent increases in main-plaza tolls set for 2011 and 2012. These toll surcharges are designed to support MWAA's 52.6% share of the projected $5.25 billion combined cost of Phase I and Phase II. MWAA has justified these toll increases as necessary to meet an estimated $220 million in annual debt-service costs projected by 2020. These toll revenue requirements were based on the assumption that the federal government, although it contributed $900 million to Phase I, would not contribute funds for Phase II.
As a result of the surcharge increases, the toll in 2012 was $2.25, or 16 cents per mile (1.6 km). The toll increase proposal drew 221 public comments and opponents outnumbered supporters by about 3 to 1. However, as the cost estimate grew from $5.25 billion to $6.8 billion, no final decisions have been reached to address the projected shortfall.
Tysons Corner tunnel dispute
Early plans called for a tunnel running from the east of the station to the west of the station, and for all four stations on that stretch to be below ground. When the contractor hired to design the Silver Line – a consortium of Bechtel and Washington Group International – found the costs to be too high, the design was changed to use a short tunnel, running only between the and stations (underneath higher ground) with all four stations being at or above ground. In March 2006, the contractor was ordered to examine an alternative "large bore" tunnel digging technique (successfully used in Europe) with the potential to lower costs of a tunnel through the entire Tysons section. The contractor found that there would not be a significant cost reduction and proposed staying with the short tunnel option.
After allegations that the design contractor had inflated costs for the tunnel in order to avoid sharing the job with an outside tunneling contractor, the long tunnel concept was revived in April 2006. The allegations led to calls for an outside cost estimate to determine more realistic tunnel costs. On May 15, 2006, Virginia Transportation Secretary Pierce R. Homer announced the creation of an advisory panel headed by the American Society of Civil Engineers. The panel had about two months to evaluate options for completing the line through Tysons, with the results presented to the state on July 27, 2006 and published on July 31, 2006.
On September 6, 2006, Virginia Governor Tim Kaine announced his decision in favor of an elevated track through Tysons. In his statement, Kaine said he believed a tunnel would be the best option, but decided against it, citing a fear of losing federal funding for the project.
Shortly after Governor Kaine's decision, the Greater McLean Chamber of Commerce formed a coalition of tunnel supporters, called Tysons Tunnel, Inc. and put forth a technical proposal to help revive consideration of building a tunnel through Tysons. The Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation hired an independent consultant to assess the coalition's proposal. However, the consultant's report – sent to Secretary Homer on March 7, 2007 stated that "[t]here is a significant risk that the project cost of a Large Bore Tunnel would not meet the Federal Transit Administration's cost-effectiveness ratio criteria, which could compromise federal funding for the project".
On November 26, 2007, Tysons Tunnel, Inc. filed a lawsuit against the United States Department of Transportation and the Federal Transit Administration (FTA) in the Eastern District of Virginia challenging the denial of their petition to reopen and consider additional evidence regarding the benefits of a tunnel over the aerial option. Gary Baise, the Republican challenger to Gerry Connolly's Fairfax County Board of Supervisors Chairmanship, represented Tysons Tunnel. By 2010, Tysons Tunnel, Inc. ceased operations.
Start of construction was delayed as approval of the $900 million federal contribution to project costs awaited the conclusion of FTA's review of the proposal submitted by Virginia. Elected officials of the state, including Governor Tim Kaine and U.S. Senators John Warner and Jim Webb, arrived at the FTA on January 24, 2008 to address last minute concerns by FTA staff and administrators. FTA Administrator James Simpson presented Governor Kaine with a letter that contained stark criticisms of the project as presented. The project as presented was given a "medium–low" rating (projects must receive a "medium" or higher rating to be approved under the Federal New Starts Funds project) and determined ineligible to receive the $900 million in federal funding. FTA's concerns included the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority's inexperience in large design-build contracts, an exaggeration of funding numbers from the Dulles Toll Road and an inability for Metro to maintain the line once it had been built. Virginian leaders vowed to address the concerns by January 28, 2008, as several fixed price contracts for building materials costs were due to expire on February 1. Governor Kaine requested an extension of the deadline to February 1, which was granted by the FTA.
On April 30, 2008, the FTA reversed the earlier decision and approved the above-ground project, saying that it met standards for cost efficiency, construction and ridership, moving it closer to receiving the $900 million in federal funding. Officials told The Washington Post that the project would move into the final design stage. The FTA approved funding for the project on December 4, 2008.
On March 10, 2009, U.S. Transportation Secretary Ray LaHood signed the formal agreement that awarded the $900 million promised by the federal government for construction of the Silver Line, with major construction expected to begin in several weeks. Utility relocation work started at Tysons in mid-2008.
Construction
MWAA planned to award a separate design-build contract for Phase II. The Phase II contract was awarded in May 2013 and the projected completion date was to be in 2018. However, it was later extended to January 2019.
Although construction was planned to begin in 2005, the delays in approval of funding pushed back the start date. To facilitate Silver Line construction, responsibility for the project was transferred on November 1, 2008, from the Virginia Department of Transportation (VDOT) to the MWAA. Utility relocation work began in 2008, and construction began on March 12, 2009.
The extension runs in its own right-of-way on a route similar to that of the Dulles Access Road, running both at grade and via aerial structures. The only significant diversions from the access road route are for the stops in Tysons and at Dulles International Airport, where the Metro is currently planned to alternate between subway and elevated track to maintain the exclusive right-of-way.
Service on Phase I of the Silver Line opened on July 26, 2014 between and Largo Town Center, with five new stations being added to the existing network west of East Falls Church. The full line to Ashburn, including a station at Dulles International Airport, was at the time expected to be completed in 2018.
One lane of southbound Virginia Route 123 in Tysons was closed for a two-year period, starting on February 22, 2010, for construction of the McLean Metro station. The distance impacted was two blocks, from Scotts Crossing Road to the Capital Beltway.
Pier support
When the Orange Line was originally constructed in 1977, foundations for the bridges to carry the Silver Line over I-66 to the median of the Dulles Access Road were built up to ground level. These foundations included steel piles that were driven into the ground and capped with concrete. However, detailed records for these original foundations were lost. As a result, engineers asked for the foundations to be inspected by digging around them to determine the condition of each pile under the concrete foundation caps.
Some of the foundations are located in confined spots adjacent to I-66 and the electrified third rail of the Orange Line, making access difficult. Dulles Transit Partners offered to inspect seven foundations that were easily accessible, but the FTA insisted that all foundations be tested. Dulles Transit Partners and MWAA agreed to test all foundations before the bridge piers were built upon them. This required the portion of the Orange Line between the West Falls Church and East Falls Church Metro stations to be taken out of service on weekends while the tests were conducted. All foundations were acceptable and the bridge construction proceeded using the existing foundations.
Controversy
There has been controversy over the contract between the MWAA and Dulles Transit Partners, which consists of Bechtel and Washington Group International. The $2.7 billion project was originally awarded by VDOT under the Virginia Public-Private Partnership Act, rather than by using conventional competitive bidding based upon a detailed specification. As a result, the contractor is allowed to both design and build the project with no upper cap on its cost. Problems could arise from the arrangement where MWAA is supervising the design and construction but ultimately WMATA must operate the Silver Line. The contract provides for price escalation of $3 million to $6 million a month for delays. VDOT transferred the contract to MWAA when MWAA took over the project in November 2008.
Opening of Phase 1
The original schedule planned for revenue service to begin in 2013. The contractor reported to MWAA on February 7, 2014, that construction was complete. MWAA had fifteen days to review the documentation and decide whether it agreed, but on February 24 they announced that the contractor had failed to meet seven of twelve criteria outlined in the contract.
On March 19, 2014, MWAA announced additional delays in the project due to public address speakers and a communications cable that did not meet code and did not offer a new completion date. They hoped to turn it over to WMATA by April 9, 2014. WMATA requires an additional 90 days for testing and training. The system then underwent 90 days of testing and staff training. This suggested, at the time, that the line could open as early as July 4, 2014. On May 27, 2014, WMATA was handed over control of the line, with service to begin "within 90 days". Finally, on June 24, 2014, it was revealed that the official opening date for the first five stations had been set for July 26.
After a set of speeches and announcements prior to opening, which were televised on local cable television station News Channel 8, and attended by the Governor of Virginia, Terry McAuliffe, Metro General Manager Richard Sarles, the entire Metro Board of directors, District of Columbia Mayor Vincent C. Gray, and other regional politicians, a ribbon cutting took place at , and shortly after noon on July 26, 2014, the five new stations were opened for passenger service.
Although the Silver Line attracted riders, its average weekday boarding was 17,100 during its first year of operations instead of the projected 25,000 riders.
Effect on the Metro map
Metro's iconic rail map, in distribution since Lance Wyman and Bill Cannan (Wyman & Cannan) designed it in 1976, takes – according to some observers – a "pop art" approach to representing its subway network. The Metro rail map uses thick strokes to mark its radial lines. To fit in the current space and make use of the iconography as currently proportioned, the map relies upon the fact that no more than two lines overlap at any single location. The addition of the Silver Line creates a three-line overlap from Rosslyn to Stadium–Armory, a fact that led WMATA to publicly announce in 2010 that it was considering a new map design. A number of unofficial attempts by graphic designers to redraw the Washington Metro map to include the Silver Line have done so by thinning the strokes throughout.
In 2003, predating Booth's attempt, WMATA released a professionally designed graphic that displayed the Silver Line on an unofficial map that resembled the current version, but with thin lines. The interplay between Metro's unofficial proposal and those of other designers received attention in a number of press outlets. A poster displaying a map of similar design has been hanging in DC Councilman Jack Evans' office for a number of years, but received scant attention until 2008. Wyman, one of the original designers of the map, was confirmed as the layout specialist who would be redesigning the map by The Washington Post on June 4, 2011.
A thick-line version of the map, released as part of Metro's Rush Plus plan, showed the Silver Line spurring off the Orange Line between the Ballston and stations in a northwesterly direction, with five unlabeled stops (the Phase 1 stations). The final map released for the Silver Line's Phase 1 opening features the stations shared by the three lines as normal stations, with the dots signifying stations located on the colored line in the center and small white stubs extending from the center dots into the adjoining colored lines.
Phase 2: Dulles extension
While construction of Phase 1 to Wiehle–Reston East was under way, the funding and planning of Phase 2 through Dulles Airport continued. This included the adoption of a special taxing district by the Town of Herndon and a public planning forum. Early cost estimates for Phase 2 had been $2.75 billion; however, a group of consultants increased the estimate in 2010 from $3.44 billion to $4.1 billion.
On April 6, 2011, the MWAA Board voted 9 to 4 to build an underground station located from the airport terminal rather than an above-ground station away from the terminal. The underground station would be more convenient to travelers, but would come at an additional cost of $330 million and would extend the construction time of the project, delaying the expected opening to mid-2017. Republican former Virginia Governor Bob McDonnell opposed the decision to build a more expensive underground station and threatened to withhold support for the project. U.S. Secretary of Transportation Ray LaHood offered to mediate the dispute. On March 7, 2012, the projected $3.8 billion cost for Phase II was reduced to $2.7 billion with the elimination of the underground station at Dulles Airport and other cost savings.
The extension of the Silver Line to Dulles and Loudoun County was in jeopardy until July 3, 2012, when the Loudoun County Board of Supervisors voted 5 to 4 to extend the line to Dulles Airport and into the county. On April 25, 2013, the Phase II contract was issued at a cost of $1.177 billion. On August 20, 2014, the United States Department of Transportation announced that Phase II would be funded with a $1.28 billion Transportation Infrastructure Financial Innovation Act (TIFIA) loan. This delivers part of an approximately $1.87 billion combined commitment of TIFIA loans for Phase II, which represents the largest TIFIA assistance for a single project in the program's history.
Cracks were discovered in some concrete support girders in July 2015, causing work to be temporarily halted. By July 2016, 30% of the Phase II project had been completed. The contractors reported that significant progress was made with regard to the structure of the line. By March 2017, completion of Phase II construction had reached 56% with work on the rail yard at Dulles Airport reaching 46%, 76% of deck spans being poured, and all aerial guideway girders over the Dulles Access Road near Saarinen Circle being set in place. MWAA reported that crews would soon begin installation of pedestrian bridges at the five stations under construction in the median of the Dulles Access Road and the Dulles Greenway.
By January 2018, it was reported that 76% of Phase II construction was completed. However, a few months later it was discovered that multiple sections of cement walls of the new Metro stations were poorly designed, making them prone to water infiltration. Construction contractors took action to fix the problem and said it would not impact the extension's projected 2020 opening. The contractor Capital Rail Construction (CRC) and the supplier Universal Concrete pledged to fix the problem, and CRC also committed to spraying the concrete with a special sealant every 10 years as needed. Later, in May 2018, the federal district court in Alexandria, Virginia unsealed allegations by a former employee at Universal Concrete Corporation that precast concrete used in five of the six Phase 2 Silver Line stations had been produced from aggregate from a different quarry than the one specified in construction contracts. Officials took four core samples from each of the five affected stations for microscopic testing to determine whether the panels complied with project requirements. That July, the governments of Virginia and the United States sued Universal Concrete for providing false records and defective materials. In September 2018, it was revealed that about 400 of the concrete rail ties on Phase II were defective, in that they caused the rails to bend outward. However, Metro and CRC were not able to agree on a solution before that December.
Despite these controversies, progress of the extension's construction steadily approached completion throughout the rest of the year, reaching 78% in June, 86% in September and 92% by January 2019. A month later, it was deemed that the extension would be ready for testing that would last for several months, starting with two recently retired 5000 series railcars towed by a diesel to clean the third rail while it is disabled, before energizing it to allow for more dynamic train testing. Despite reports of trouble that prevented early test trains from going so far, testing eventually continued throughout the expansion and into Dulles Airport in March. The following month, progress of construction reached 95%.
In June 2019, an updated estimation of Phase 2's completion was made, stating that it could be ready for service at about the third quarter of 2020. In August 2019, MWAA promised that Phase 2 will open around mid July 2020 but WMATA expressed some doubts. Towards the end of the year, after considering the pace of the work being done and efforts to address outstanding issues, Metro officials then announced that the second phase may not be ready for service until about September 2020. During a Metro board meeting in December 2019, officials floated the idea of fully replacing the defective concrete panels provided by the MWAA during construction, instead of just repairing them. Should these plans go through, Phase 2's launch date may be pushed back by another year from September 2020.
By early February 2020, it was reported that construction was 98% complete. However, by the end of March 2020, while determining a budget for the 2020-2021 fiscal year (and having taken the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic into consideration), Metro re-evaluated the timetable for the second phase's launch and anticipated it would be ready for service on April 1, 2021.
From March 26, 2020 until June 28, 2020, trains were bypassing , , , , , , , , and stations due to the local impact of the coronavirus pandemic in the Washington D.C. area. All stations reopened on June 28, 2020.
On April 23, 2020, WMATA announced that Silver Line service will be suspended beginning on May 23, 2020 in order to rebuild stations west of Ballston–MU station and to complete the second phase of the Silver Line. This was in part due to the historically low ridership numbers for the transit agency due to the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, traffic free highways, and WMATA wanting to get around the clock maintenance done; it will be easier for work to be done without any riders or trains interfering with the workers. They offered local bus service from Wiehle, Greensboro, Spring Hill, Tysons, McLean, and East Falls Church to Ballston. Originally, WMATA planned on reducing Orange and Silver Line trains while continuously single tracking at East Falls Church instead of a full closure. Later that summer, while the Silver Line was closed, work began on integrating Phase 2's computerized control systems with those of the rest of the Metrorail system, a crucial step towards its completion. Phase 2's train control systems were finally integrated with that of the Metrorail system by the end of August and three more days of closures took place in November and December for final dynamic testing. On June 24, 2020, WMATA announced that Silver Line service will resume three weeks early when trains are able to bypass East Falls Church station. All Silver Line service resumed on August 16, 2020 when Silver and Orange Line trains were able to bypass East Falls Church. East Falls Church reopened on August 23, 2020.
In September 2020, the Metro Office of Inspector General (OIG) reported that more cracks were discovered in five of the six new stations on the second phase and wants the concrete panels to be replaced before the WMATA Board accepts responsibility and opens the new extension. In light of ongoing issues, as well as budget cuts resulting from declining ridership caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, Metro pushed back the opening of the Phase 2 extension first to July 2021, and on December 15, 2020 to Fall of 2021.
On December 14, 2020, WMATA announced that Blue Line service will be suspended between February 13 to May 23, 2021 in order to rebuild the platforms at both and . Silver Line trains will run in place of the Blue Line every 12 minutes during the weekdays and 15 minutes on weekends while bypassing Addison Road. In early 2021, construction completion of Phase 2 reached 99 percent. As of March 2021, Phase 2 was projected to open to passenger service in early 2022.
On November 4, 2021, MWAA declared the work on the rail line to be "substantially complete"; however, WMATA estimated that it could take five months of testing and other preparations before passenger service could begin. The expansion took another major step towards completion and opening for service the following month with the completion of the abovementioned rail yard, followed by initial tests of the full Phase 2 route days later. WMATA took control of the expansion in mid-January and is conducting a final round of testing for several months before it can be opened for service. After all the tie-in procedures were completed , WMATA took control of all remaining work to be done for Phase 2 and conducted a final round of testing before it could be ready for service. In January 2022, the opening was to be ready for service in May 2022 after four months of testing. In early March 2022, Phase 2 was projected to open in July 2022. However on March 24, 2022, general manager Paul Wiedefeld announced that the projected opening would be delayed once again and declined to give an estimated date of completion.
In June 2022, interim general manager Andy Off announced that WMATA is moving closer to announcing a completion date and expects to takeover the Phase 2 project in the next coming weeks. On June 23, 2022, WMATA announced that they have taken over control of the Phase 2 project from the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority.
Route
The Silver Line has two primary goals. The first is to link Washington, D.C. by rail to Washington Dulles International Airport and the edge cities of Tysons, Reston, Herndon, and Ashburn. The second is to spur urban development in Tysons and reduce overall reliance on highway traffic in the business district, Virginia's largest and the 12th-largest in the country. The district's area is comparable in size to downtown Washington, D.C., but is rather insulated from its surrounding neighborhoods and its streets have no existing grid pattern. The Silver Line also improves public access to the Udvar-Hazy Center, an annex of National Air and Space Museum located near Dulles Airport; after the opening of the first phase of the Silver Line, Fairfax Connector began running shuttles to the museum from .
The pre-existing portions of the Silver Line opened as the Orange and Blue Lines on July 1, 1977, from to , on December 11, 1979 from Rosslyn to Ballston, November 22, 1980 from Stadium–Armory to , June 7, 1986 from Ballston-MU through and December 18, 2004 from Addison Road to . Unlike all prior segments of the Metrorail system, which were designed and constructed by the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit Authority (WMATA), the Silver line is designed and constructed by the Metropolitan Washington Airports Authority (MWAA) and operated by WMATA. The first phase of the project was funded 43% by $900 million of federal funding, 28% by a special tax district on commercial property proximate to the Silver Line route and 28% by a $0.50 toll increase on the Dulles Toll Road (State Route 267, SR 267). Funding for the second phase of the project is shared by Loudoun County, Fairfax County, the Commonwealth of Virginia and the MWAA.
While the Silver Line's eastern terminus was originally planned to be at , in 2012, the plan was changed for the line to originate at instead because Stadium-Armory's pocket track is too short for trains to turn around. Traveling westward through the District of Columbia, the Silver Line follows the Blue and Orange Line tracks. It continues through Arlington along the Orange Line and branches off immediately east of the Orange Line's station. The new tracks run in the median of the Dulles Connector Road (SR 267) to an elevated bridge, which takes them over SR 123. Two elevated stops along the west side of Route 123 serve the national headquarters of Capital One, SAIC and two enclosed Tysons Corner shopping malls. The tracks then enter a tunnel which emerges in the median of SR 7. Two elevated stations above SR 7 serve the western section of Tysons. The elevated track then swings back into the median of the Dulles Access Road and terminates at Wiehle-Reston East.
In Phase 2, the Silver Line continues west in the Dulles Access Road's median until it reaches the airport. Along the way, four additional stations were built with platforms in the median of the road and a faregate and pedestrian bridges to parking areas elevated above the highway. In anticipation of the station being built, in 1999 Fairfax County constructed a 1,750-space parking garage with ramps to Dulles Access Road's toll lanes and this facility is being used for bus commuters on an interim basis. The garage has drawn criticism because of alleged construction flaws. As originally planned, upon reaching the airport the track enters a tunnel which follows the path of the arrivals driveway of the airport terminal to a station located close to the terminal. The track leaves the tunnel near the airport hotel and economy parking lots and heads north parallel to the main runways. A storage yard and maintenance facility branches off to the west occupying the airport's buffer zone north of the end of its major runways. The final two stops are in the median of the Dulles Greenway, serving the Ashburn suburb. Hence, the line is expected to draw both airport traffic and commuters from the far western suburbs of Washington. D.C.. Buses currently provide these users with limited public transportation. In contrast, the Silver Line is expected to provide trains once every six minutes during rush hours and once every fourteen minutes during non-rush hours.
Metro's new 7000-series cars were ordered at a price of $3 million per car, 64 of which are for Silver Line service. The contract was signed on July 2, 2010 for 428 cars.
Stations
Stations are listed by their approved names.
Future
A study published in 2013 overseeing a long-term plan for the system subsequent to the Phase 2 extension plans to Ashburn included a possible three-station extension of the Silver Line northwest to Leesburg, which is the seat of Loudoun County. The stations from northwest to southeast are VA 7 Bypass, Crosstrail Blvd and Belmont Ridge. The same study included either adding an infill station between Tysons Corner and McLean, or renaming the former, to allow transfer with a loop line that would parallel the Capital Beltway, named the "Beltway Line". This station would be named Beltway and 123.
Metro in December 2019 began to study changes to the Orange, Blue, and Silver line to relieve congestion at the Rosslyn Station. The study is still on-going, but potential changes to the Silver line were proposed. Divert the Silver Line into a new Rosslyn II station and then a new tunnel through DC to New Carrollton, adjacent to the existing path in DC and a new Silver Line station in Georgetown. Have another Silver Line Express line from East Falls Church to Rosslyn and possibly through Ballston. Other options include changes to the Blue Line and doing nothing with the Silver.
Wolf Trap station was originally proposed as part of phase I between Spring Hill station and Wiehle-Reston East station, but that station was excluded from the project due to profitability concerns.
See also
Second Avenue Subway (New York)
Purple Line (Maryland)
Red Line Extension (Chicago)
References
Further reading
External links
Dulles Corridor Rapid Transit Project
Silver Line system map
Proposed public transportation in Maryland
Proposed public transportation in Virginia
Proposed public transportation in Washington, D.C.
Washington
Railway lines in highway medians
Dulles International Airport |
4002167 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Hearne%20%28cricketer%2C%20born%201829%29 | George Hearne (cricketer, born 1829) | George Hearne (15 May 1829 – 9 December 1904) was an English cricketer.
Hearne was born at Chalfont St Peter in Buckinghamshire. He played for a Middlesex XI (1861–1863) and for Middlesex County Cricket Club (1864–1868) as a batsman. In 1872 he moved to be the groundsman at Kent County Cricket Club's Private Banks Sports Ground at Catford.
He and his brother Tom headed a famous cricketing dynasty. His sons George Gibbons Hearne, Frank Hearne and Alec Hearne all played Test cricket and for Kent County Cricket Club and his grandson George Alfred Lawrence Hearne played Test cricket for South Africa. He died at Rushey Green in Catford in 1904, aged 75.
References
External links
1829 births
1904 deaths
English cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
People from Chalfont St Peter
North v South cricketers
New All England Eleven cricketers |
4002174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universal%20Soldier%20%281967%20Donovan%20album%29 | Universal Soldier (1967 Donovan album) | Universal Soldier is the second compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. It was released in the UK (Marble Arch LP-MAL 718) in September 1967.
History
In the mid-1960s Pye Records launched budget record label Marble Arch Records to release older material on inexpensive albums in the United Kingdom. Several of Donovan's 1965 recordings for Pye were selected for release in 1967 as Universal Soldier. Donovan's version of "Universal Soldier" was a hit EP in 1965, and that name recognition was intended to boost sales.
Universal Soldier was a unique release because it collected the entire Universal Soldier EP, the b-side to "Catch the Wind", and the entire "Turquoise" single; all of which had appeared on LP format in the United Kingdom. The strategy of compiling non-album tracks paid off, and Universal Soldier reached No. 5 in the United Kingdom and remained on the charts for 18 weeks.
Marble Arch would go on to release several more Donovan compilations to significantly less interest, including an edited What's Bin Did and What's Bin Hid in 1968 and an edited Fairytale in 1969.
In 1995, Spectrum Music released a CD compilation, also named after the title track.
Track listing
All tracks by Donovan Leitch, except where noted.
External links
Universal Soldier – Donovan Unofficial Site
1967 compilation albums
Donovan compilation albums
Pye Records compilation albums
Albums produced by Geoff Stephens |
5397744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton%20Whitehead | Paxton Whitehead | Francis Edward Paxton Whitehead (born 17 October 1937) is an English actor, theatre director and playwright. He was nominated for a Tony Award and a Drama Desk Award for his performance as Pellinore in the 1980 revival of Camelot.
Early life
Paxton was born in East Malling and Larkfield, Kent, the son of Louise (née Hunt) and Charles Parkin Whitehead. His father was a lawyer. He trained at London's Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art beginning when he was 17 years old.
Career
Paxton worked in repertory, small touring companies that rehearsed and performed a new play each week. In 1958, he was signed by the Royal Shakespeare Company.
In 1961, Whitehead directed Doric Wilson's first play to be performed, And He Made a Her, a comedy, was an off-off-Broadway production at the Caffe Cino. He made his Broadway debut in The Affair (1962) after appearing in Canadian stage and TV productions.
Whitehead replaced Jonathan Miller in the Broadway production of Beyond the Fringe in 1964 and appeared on the LP recording of the show, Beyond the Fringe '64. He went on to appear with the American Shakespeare Company to direct in regional repertory.
Whitehead succeeded Barry Morse as Artistic Director of the Shaw Festival, the only repertory company dedicated to the works of George Bernard Shaw. Under his leadership, it continued to develop into an international event. During his tenure he was able to push through a plan of building the purpose-built 869 seat state-of-the-art Festival Theatre to expand considerably the capacity for audiences at Niagara-on-the-Lake.
Queen Elizabeth II, Indira Gandhi and Pierre Trudeau were among those who attended performances at the Shaw Festival Theatre during its inaugural season in 1973. He served until 1977 and appeared in productions as actor. His notable appearances included The Apple Cart, Major Barbara, The Philanderer, Arms and the Man, Misalliance and Heartbreak House with Jessica Tandy. Whitehead and Suzanne Grossman adapted Georges Feydeau's plays There's One in Every Marriage for the Broadway stage in 1971, and Chemin de Fer in 1974.
Whitehead received an honorary degree in arts from Trent University in 1978 and earned an Antoinette Perry "Tony" Award nomination for Camelot in 1980. He has appeared in numerous Broadway productions including My Fair Lady with Richard Chamberlain, The Harlequin Studies with Bill Irwin, Noël Coward's Suite in Two Keys, Peter Shaffer's Lettice and Lovage, London Suite by Neil Simon and as Sherlock Holmes in The Crucifer of Blood.
In recent years, Whitehead has continued to work in regional theatre and on Broadway. In 2007, he made a cameo in Desperate Housewives as the father of Susan Mayer's fiancée, Ian. Whitehead appeared in the role of Phil at the Westport Country Playhouse in Westport, Connecticut from 12–27 July 2007 in Relatively Speaking, a comedy.
Whitehead began previews of The Importance of Being Earnest by Oscar Wilde on Broadway at the American Airlines Theatre on 17 December 2010 in the role of Reverend Canon Chasuble. The show opened on 13 January 2011 and was filmed live on 11/12 March 2011 for broadcast in June 2011. He played the role of George Bernard Shaw in Anthony Wynn's Bernard and Bosie: A Most Unlikely Friendship in a benefit performance for the Episcopal Actors' Guild on 5 May 2011.
Whitehead is an Associate Artist of the Old Globe Theatre in San Diego. He performs on recordings of Shaw's The Doctor's Dilemma and Harley Granville-Barker's The Voysey Inheritance.
Work
12 November – 21 December 2014: Plays opposite Frances Barber and Charles Shaughnessy in What the Butler Saw (play) play by Joe Orton (Mark Taper Forum at the Los Angeles Music Center, Los Angeles, California)
27 July – 7 August 2011: Plays opposite Richard Easton in She Stoops to Conquer play by Oliver Goldsmith (Williamstown Theatre Festival, Williamstown, Massachusetts)
7 June 2011: Plays Lord Champion-Cheney opposite Marsha Mason in The Circle play by W. Somerset Maugham (Westport Country Playhouse, Westport, Connecticut)
13 January 2011: Plays Reverend Canon Chasuble opposite Dana Ivey, Santino Fontana, Tim MacDonald, and Paul O'Brien in The Importance of Being Earnest play by Oscar Wilde (Roundabout Theatre Company, American Airlines Theatre, New York City)
15 November 2010: Plays opposite Geneva Carr, Cecilia Hart and James Waterston in A Song at Twilight play by Noël Coward (Westport Country Playhouse, Westport, Connecticut)
4 October 2010: Plays opposite Geneva Carr, Cecilia Hart and James Waterston in Bedroom Farce play by Alan Ayckbourn (Westport Country Playhouse, Westport, Connecticut)
7 September – 24 October 2010: Plays Lafeau opposite Marsha Mason in All's Well That Ends Well play by William Shakespeare (Lansburgh Theatre, Washington, D.C.)
15 April – 16 May 2010: Plays Gerry in Time of My Life play by Alan Ayckbourn (O'Reilly Theater, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania)
16 October – 1 November 2009: Plays Mr. Hardcastle in She Stoops to Conquer play by Oliver Goldsmith (Matthews Theatre, New York City)
28 July – 15 August 2009: Plays Frank Foster opposite Geneva Carr and Cecilia Hart in How the Other Half Loves play by Alan Ayckbourn (Westport Country Playhouse, Westport, Connecticut)
13–24 August 2008: Plays opposite Richard Easton and Dana Ivey in Home play by David Storey (Williamstown Theatre Festival, Williamstown, Massachusetts).
1–26 April 2008: Plays Gerry Stanton opposite Cecilia Hart in Time of My Life play by Alan Ayckbourn (Westport Country Playhouse, Westport, Connecticut).
12–27 July 2007: Plays Phil opposite Cecilia Hart and James Waterston in Relatively Speaking play by Alan Ayckbourn (Westport Country Playhouse, Westport, Connecticut)
23 September – 9 November 2003: Plays Pantalone opposite Bill Irwin in The Harlequin Studies play by Bill Irwin (Peter Norton Space, New York City)
10–16 April 2000: Plays George Hilgay/Sir Hugo Latymer opposite Judith Ivey and Hayley Mills in A Suite in Two Keys play by Noël Coward (Lucille Lortel Theatre, New York City)
28 March – 3 September 1995: Plays Billy/Sidney/Dr. McMerlin opposite Kate Burton, Jeffrey Jones and Carole Shelley in London Suite play by Neil Simon (Union Square Theatre, New York City)
5–14 November 1969: Plays opposite Shawn Elliott, Barbara Lang and Peter York in Rondelay play by Jerry Douglas (Hudson West Theatre, New York City)
2 February – 31 March 1963: Plays Torvald Helmer opposite Alice Drummond, Barnard Hughes and Richard Waring in A Doll's House play by Henrik Ibsen (Theatre Four, New York City)
18 September 1961: Plays Prosecuting Counsel opposite Joel Fabiani, James Kenny, John Milligan and Anna Russell in One Way Pendulum play by N.F. Simpson (East 74th Street Theatre, New York City)
Stage productions
Actor
Kentish Colt, The Epilogue, The Old Stagers Theatre, Canterbury, England, UK, 1949
Alphonse, All for Mary, Devonshire Park, Eastbourne, England, UK, 1956
Francisco, Hamlet, Royal Shakespeare Company, Stratford-upon-Avon, England, UK, 1958
Sellars, The Grass is Greener, Theatre Royal, Bath, England, UK, 1960
Gallows Humor, Gramercy Arts Theatre, New York City, 1961
Prosecuting counsel, One Way Pendulum, East 74th Street Theatre, New York City, 1961
Gilbert Dawson-Hill, The Affair, Henry Miller's Theatre, 1962
Torvald Helmer, A Doll's House, Theatre Four, New York City, 1963
Gower, Henry V, American Shakespeare Festival, Stratford, CT, USA, 1963
King of France, King Lear, American Shakespeare Festival, Stratford, England, UK, 1963
Horner, The Country Wife, Front Street Theatre, Memphis, TN, USA, 1964
Henry Higgins, My Fair Lady, Front Street Theatre, 1964
Jack Absolute, The Rivals, Charles Playhouse, Boston, MA, USA, 1964
Archie Rice, The Entertainer, Hartford Stage Company, Hartford, CT, USA, 1965
Adolphus Cusins, Major Barbara, Playhouse in the Park, Cincinnati, OH, USA, 1965
Randall Underwood, Heartbreak House, Manitoba Theatre Centre, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, 1965
Christoforou, The Public Eye, Manitoba Theatre Centre, 1965
Algernon, The Importance of Being Earnest, Manitoba Theatre Centre, 1965
John Worthing, The Importance of Being Earnest, Canadian Players, Toronto, Ontario, Canada, 1966
Lord Summerhays, Misalliance, Shaw Festival, Niagara-on-the-Lake, Ontario, Canada, 1966
Magnus, The Apple Cart, Shaw Festival, 1966
Sergius, Arms and the Man, Shaw Festival, 1967
Adolphus Cusins, Major Barbara, Shaw Festival, 1967
Hector Hushabye, Heartbreak House, Shaw Festival, 1968
Coustilliou, The Chemmy Circle, Shaw Festival, 1968
Charley's Aunt, Studio Arena Theatre, Buffalo, NY, USA, 1968
Chemin de Fer, Mark Taper Forum, Los Angeles, USA, 1969
Rondelay, Hudson West Theatre, New York City, 1969
Dubedat, The Doctor's Dilemma, Shaw Festival, 1969
The actor, The Guardsman, Shaw Festival, 1969
Tempest, Forty Years On, Shaw Festival, 1970
The Chemmy Circle, Arena Stage, Washington, D.C., USA, 1970
Hector Hushabye, Heartbreak House, Goodman Memorial Theatre, Chicago, IL., USA, 1970
The Emperor, The Brass Butterfly, Chelsea Theatre Center, New York City, 1970
Reverend Alexander Mill, Candida, Longacre Theatre, New York City, 1970
Canon Throbbing, Habeas Corpus, Martin Beck Theatre, New York City, 1975
Charteris, The Philanderer, Shaw Festival, 1971
Lead roles, Tonight at 8:30, Shaw Festival, 1971
Valentine, You Never Can Tell, Shaw Festival, 1973
Savoyard, Fanny's First Play, Shaw Festival, 1973
Fancourt Babberley, Charley's Aunt, Shaw Festival, 1974
Burgoyne, The Devil's Disciple, Shaw Festival, 1975
Sergius, Arms and the Man, Shaw Festival, 1976
Magnus, The Apple Cart, Shaw Festival, 1976
Adrian, The Millionairess, Shaw Festival, 1976
Ronnie Gamble, Thark, Shaw Festival, 1977
Sherlock Holmes, The Crucifer of Blood, Helen Hayes Theatre, New York City, 1978
Henry Carr, Travesties, Manitoba Theatre Centre, Canada, 1979
Sherlock Holmes, The Crucifer of Blood, Elitch Gardens Theatre, Denver, Colorado, USA, 1979
Title role, The Trials of Oscar Wilde, The Citadel Theatre, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada, 1980
Ronnie Gamble, Thark, Philadelphia Drama Guild, USA, 1980
Malvolio, Twelfth Night, Philadelphia Drama Guild, USA, 1980
Pellinore, Camelot, State Theatre, New York City, 1980
Sergeant of police, The Pirates of Penzance, Ahmanson Theatre, Los Angeles, USA, 1981
Harpagon, The Miser, Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, CA, USA, 1982
Hector, Heartbreak House, Theatre Royal, London, UK, 1983
Anthony Absolute, The Rivals, Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, USA, 1983
Freddy, Noises Off, Brooks Atkinson Theatre, New York City, 1983–85
Title role, Richard III, Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, USA, 1985
Benedick, Much Ado About Nothing, Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, USA, 1986
Richard Willey, Out of Order, Paper Mill Playhouse, Millburn, NJ, USA, 1997
Sherlock Holmes, The Mask of Moriarty, Paper Mill Playhouse, 1998
Narrator, Rocky Horror Show, Tiffany Theater, Hollywood, CA, USA, 1998
Sir Hugo Latymer, A Song at Twilight, Mirage Theater Company, Lucille Lortel Theatre, New York City, 2000
George Hilgay, Shadows of the Evening, Mirage Theater Company, Lucille Lortel Theater, USA, 2000
Xanadu Live, Male, The Gascon Center Theatre, Culver City, CA, USA, 2001
Twelfth Night, Malvolio, Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, CA, USA, 2001
The Circle, Clive Champion-Cheney, South Coast Repertory, Costa Mesa, CA, USA, 2001
Where's Charley, Mr. Spettigue, Williamstown Theatre Festival, Williamstown, MA, USA, 2002
The Voysey Inheritance, Mr. Voysey, Walnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia, PA, USA, 2003
The Harlequin Studies, Pantalone, Peter Norton Space (Off-Broadway), USA, 2003
What the Butler Saw, Dr. Rance, Boston University Theatre, Boston, MA, USA, 2004
Absurd Person Singular, Ronald, Biltmore Theatre (Broadway), USA, 2005
Also appeared in A Little Hotel on the Side; King Lear, Manitoba Theatre Centre; Neil Simon's London Suite.
Tour History
Francisco, Hamlet, Royal Shakespeare Company, Moscow and Leningrad, Soviet Union, 1958
Lead role, The Grass Is Greener, Royal Shakespeare Company, UK cities, 1959
Freddie, Pygmalion, Royal Shakespeare Company, UK cities, 1960
Beyond the Fringe, US cities, 1963
The Bed Before Yesterday, US cities, 1976
Pellinore, Camelot, US cities, 1980–81
Also toured with the Andrew McMaster Company, UK cities, 1957.
Director
The Circle, Shaw Festival, 1967
The Chemmy Circle, Shaw Festival, 1968
A Flea in Her Ear, Charles Playhouse, 1969
Forty Years On, Shaw Festival, 1970
The Secretary Bird, Main Stage, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1970
The Chemmy Circle, Main Stage, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1971
The Sorrows of Frederick, Main Stage, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1971
Misalliance, Shaw Festival, 1972
Getting Married, Shaw Festival, 1972
Charley's Aunt, Shaw Festival, 1972
Widowers' Houses, Shaw Festival, 1973
Arms and the Man, Main Stage, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, 1973
The Crucifer of Blood, Elitch Gardens Theatre, Denver, Colorado, USA, 1979
Misalliance, Walnut Street Theatre, Philadelphia, PA, then Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, USA, 1982
The Real Thing, Seattle Repertory Theatre, WA, USA, 1986
Beyond the Fringe, Old Globe Theatre, San Diego, transferring to the Los Angeles Theatre Centre, USA, 1986
Writer
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Paxton Whitehead at the Internet Theatre Database
Paxton Whitehead at Broadway World.com
1937 births
Living people
Alumni of the Webber Douglas Academy of Dramatic Art
English male film actors
English male television actors
English theatre directors
People from East Malling
Male actors from Kent
Canadian artistic directors
Canadian theatre directors |
4002187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rushcart | Rushcart | The rushcart ceremony (derived from Rogationtide) is an English tradition where parishioners process around their parish once a year, bearing rushes. They would end up at the parish church and place the rushes on the floor of the church, to replace worn-out rushes. In modern times the ceremony is practised only in parts of northern England including Lancashire and Cumbria.
History
According to John Cutting, the earliest record of rushbearing is 1385 at Tavistock.
The custom of strewing cut vegetation on the floors of churches began at an earlier date: the plants commonly used were hay, straw or rushes and together with strewing herbs they improved the comfort for those using the church. Before the Reformation churches served for many secular as well as religious purposes and seating was not usual until the early years of the 16th century. Renewal of the floor covering was usually carried out before major festivals such as Easter and the patronal festival. Since these were among the few times in the year available for merrymaking ceremonies grew up and were handed down by tradition.
As towns grew in size, the places where rushes still grew were further and further from the church itself. Also changes in the way churches were furnished such as box pews and in the 19th century more effective heating in churches made the ceremonies redundant. The ceremonies either lapsed, or became longer and larger. The earliest depictions of rushcarts are in Rush-Bearing (1891) by Burton. One illustration shows morris dancers and a rushcart at Failsworth Pole, near Manchester, about 1820. Another, from 1821, is a painting by Alexander Wilson of an event at Long Millgate, Manchester. They now appear to be confined to the north west of England. At least 5 rushbearing ceremonies still occur in Cumbria where girls dressed in green process around the town.
The Rushcart grew into a festival held on the annual wakes week or mill holidays. There would be music, dancing and other entertainments. Each village would try to outdo the others by building a bigger or more elaborate structure with the front covered by a sheet decorated with tinsel and artificial flowers and hung with polished copper, brass and silver household items.
Behold the rush-cart, and the throng
Of lads and lasses pass along:
Now, view the nimble morris-dancers,
The blithe, fantastic, antic prancers,
Bedeck'd in gaudiest profusion,
With ribbons in a sweet confusion
Of brilliant colours, richest dyes,
Like wings of moths and butterflies-
Waving white kerchiefs in the air,
And crossing here, re-crossing there,
And up and down, and everywhere:
Springing, bounding, gaily skipping,
Deftly, briskly, no one tripping:
All young fellows, blithe and hearty,
Thirty couples in the party ... — From The Village Festival by Droylsden poet Elijah Ridings.
The coming of the railways led to a decline in interest in Rushcarts as the local population were able to travel further afield for their annual break. The Rushcarts eventually died out in the early 20th century. There is a curious similarity between this festival and the Hindu festival of the chariot of Jagannath.
Didsbury
France and Woodall in their A New History of Didsbury give the text of an anonymous account of the rushcart perhaps of the 1860s and entries in the churchwardens' accounts for 1733 and 1808 among other statements recorded by local people. It is uncertain when the rushbearing was ended in Didsbury, certainly not before 1870. The associated rowdyism was not thought desirable by the more sober parishioners of the time according to Alfred Burton in his Rushbearing. However Fletcher Moss's Fifty Years of Public Work includes photographs of the Didsbury rushcarts of 1882 and 1911, the last occasion. (If the dates are genuine Burton is either mistaken or it was discontinued for some years and then revived.) In the nearby township of Chorlton cum Hardy, the ceremony took place on the eve of the last Sunday in July though very little is known about how long it continued to be observed.
Fallowfield
An account of the Fallowfield Rushcart was given by Annie C. Williamson in her book about the township (1888). It was part of the Fallowfield Wakes celebrations and often included Robin Hood and Maid Marian seated on a pile of rushes heaped upon a farm cart. The cart was accompanied by the sound of pipes, penny whistles, clogs being used to beat time on the ground, and the shouts of the people.
Gorton
The Gorton rushbearing ceremony was relaunched by the Gorton Morrismen in 1980 having last been celebrated in 1874. It ceased again in 1997 but was resurrected "one last time" in 2009 to celebrate the 100th year of Gorton becoming a part of Manchester.
See also
Grasmere
Newchurch in Pendle
Ripponden
Notes
References
Gorton Rushcart and Morris Dancers
- History and the Morris Dance; by John Cutting (2005) contains 2 illustrations of rushcarts and about 20 early illustrations of morris dancing.
Further reading
Harland, John & Wilkinson, T. T. (1873) Lancashire Legends, Traditions, Sports, &c. London: George Routledge; pp. 110–21 (rushbearing in various places in Lancashire)
Burton, Alfred (1891). Rush-bearing: An Account of the Old Custom of Strewing Rushes: Carrying Rushes to Church; The Rush-Cart; Garlands in Churches; Morris-Dancers; The Wakes; The Rush. Manchester: Brook & Chrystal
Hird, Frank (1912–13), ed. Cliff Hayes Stories and Tales of Old Lancashire. Bury: Printwise Publications, 1991 (selected extracts from the "Heart of Lancashire" section of Lancashire Stories: containing all that appeals to the heart and the imagination in the Lancashire of to-day and of many yesterdays. 2 vols. London: T. C. and E. C. Jack); "Rush-bearing at Rochdale" (pp. 7–10)
External links
Photos of Gorton rushbearing ceremony
Sowerby Bridge Rushbearing Festival
Littleborough Rushbearing Festival
Human-powered vehicles
English folklore
Culture in Greater Manchester |
4002193 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazan%20Cathedral%2C%20Moscow | Kazan Cathedral, Moscow | Kazan Cathedral (), formally known as the "Cathedral of Our Lady of Kazan", is a Russian Orthodox church located on the northwest corner of Red Square in Moscow, Russia. The current building is a reconstruction of the original church, which was destroyed at the direction of then General Secretary of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin, in 1936.
The original cathedral
Upon recovering Moscow from the armies of the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth in 1612 at the close of the Time of Troubles, Prince Dmitry Pozharsky attributed his success to the divine help of the icon Theotokos of Kazan, to whom he had prayed on several occasions. From his private funds, he financed construction of a wooden church to the Virgin of Kazan on Red Square in Moscow, which was first mentioned in historical records in 1625. After the diminutive shrine was destroyed by a fire in 1632, Tsar Michael I, ordered it replaced with a brick church. The one-domed edifice, featuring several tiers of kokoshniki, a wide gallery, and a tented belfry, was consecrated in October 1636.
Kazan Cathedral was considered one of the most important churches in Moscow. Annually on the anniversary of the liberation of Moscow from Poland-Lithuania, a solemn parade led by the Patriarch and the Tsar carried a processional cross from the Kremlin. By the end of the 17th century, the church building was expanded and received a bell tower and a redesigned entrance. Numerous other renovations of the cathedral were undertaken during the imperial period, notably during 1801, 1805, and 1865, and much of the original design was lost behind later additions.
The history of the cathedral was tempestuous, as evidenced by the fact that its archpriest Avvakum led the party of religious dissenters, or Old Believers.
The distinguished Russian restorer Peter Baranovsky supervised a complete reconstruction of the church's exterior to its original design in 1929–1932. Some specialists , however, have found the accuracy of this reconstruction lacking.
In 1936, when Red Square was being prepared for holding the military parades of the Soviet Union, Joseph Stalin ordered the square cleared of churches. Although efforts were made by Baranovsky to save it, he could not prevent the Kazan Cathedral from being demolished (though Baranovsky did manage to save another of Red Square's cathedrals, Saint Basil's Cathedral, from destruction). In its place, initially a temporary building housing offices for the Communist International was erected. It was later used as a summer café. A temporary chapel marking the original site of the church was built in 1990 as part of the church restoration project, shortly before the collapse of the USSR.
The rebuilding
After the fall of the Soviet Union, the Kazan Cathedral was the first church to be completely rebuilt after having been destroyed by the Communists. The cathedral's restoration (1990–1993) was sponsored by the Moscow city branch of the All-Russian Society for Historic Preservation and Cultural Organization, and was based on the detailed measurements and photographs of the original church. However, the icon of the Kazan Virgin in the restored cathedral is a copy; the original is now in the Yelokhovo Cathedral.
Architectural features
The Kazan Cathedral is typical for the first half of the XVII century type of a square in the plan of a single-domed church with a hill of corbel arches, dating back to the old cathedral of the Donskoy Monastery. Among constructions of Moscow suburb, the church of Saint Nicholas on the Arbat belonged to this type. The cathedral is surrounded on three sides by open galleries, which lead to the hipped bell tower at the northwest corner and to the northeast aisle of Abercius of Hieropolis.
According to the comment of the historian of the Old Russian architecture Pavel Rappoport, the location and the combination of large corbel arches with small ones showed the desire of Russian architects to enrich the bright, major composition with more fractional details - a harbinger of the advent of the era of "uzorochie".
References
External links
Kazan Cathedral, Moscow
Churches completed in 1636
Churches completed in 1993
Rebuilt churches in Russia
17th-century Eastern Orthodox church buildings
Cathedrals in Moscow
Russian Orthodox churches in Moscow
Red Square
Church buildings with domes
1636 establishments in Russia
17th-century churches in Russia |
5397745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20Esteves%20Cardoso | Miguel Esteves Cardoso | Miguel Vicente Esteves Cardoso (born 25 July 1955) is a Portuguese writer, translator, critic and journalist. He is a well-known monarchist.
Early life
Cardoso was born in an upper middle class family in Lisbon. His father, Joaquim Carlos Esteves Cardoso (1920 – 4 July 1994), was Portuguese and his mother (m. 1954), Hazel Diana Smith, was English. He had a good education and the advantage of a bilingual and bicultural upbringing, helping him to develop an outsider's detachment from the culture of his birth country. In 1979, he graduated from Manchester University in political studies and four years later, in 1983, he received his doctorate in Political Philosophy. While there he made contact with some of the new wave bands of Factory Records including Joy Division and New Order, and arranged for the recording of the Durutti Column album Amigos em Portugal as well as providing its cover art.
He married for the first time on 21 January 1981 and shortly after became the father of twin girls, socialites Sara and Tristana Esteves Cardoso, born in Lisbon. One year later he returned to Portugal, where he worked as an assisting investigator for the Social Studies Institute on the Lisbon University. He later became a supporting teacher of political sociology for ISCTE and then returned to Manchester University to work on his post-doctorate in Political Philosophy oriented by Derek Parfit and Joseph Raz.
Writing and music career
Esteves Cardoso began writing freelance reviews of popular music for newspapers, among them Se7e, O Jornal, JL - Jornal de Letras, Artes e Ideias and Música & Som. Eventually, he co-founded (with Pedro Ayres Magalhães, Ricardo Camacho e Francisco Sande e Castro) Portugal's first independent record label called Fundação Atlântica, which would publish Portuguese bands such as Xutos e Pontapés, Delfins, and Sétima Legião. Esteves Cardoso was the author or co-author of many programs for the station Rádio Comercial including Tópico de Dança and Aqui Rádio Silêncio. Esteves Cardoso soon began to appear on television, gaining notice for his intellectual look mixed with irreverent humor. One of his more notable and controversial appearances was on the SIC channel talk-show A Noite da Má-Língua along with Manuel Serrão, Rui Zink, Rita Blanco, Júlia Pinheiro and other guests.
Esteves Cardoso began his career as a journalist when he started contributing a column to the weekly paper Expresso, later collected and published in four volumes, all of which sold over 100,000 copies and are still in print. In 1988, with Paulo Portas, he founded the very successful and innovative weekly paper O Independente but he left the board in 1991 to dedicate his time to the magazine K, financed by Valentim de Carvalho, SOCI and later also by Carlos Barbosa.
After the demise of K, Esteves Cardoso returned to literature. His first novel O Amor é Fodido sold well, perhaps in part due to the obscene title ("Love is Fucked"). His second and third novels, A Vida Inteira and O Cemitério de Raparigas, were well received and are still in print.
In 1997 he married for the second time, to Maria João Pinheiro, a former model and weather presenter.
He continued to write essays for O Independente (which published its last number in September 2006) and Diário de Notícias. Between 1999 and 2002, he wrote in his blog named Pastilhas. In January 2006 he returned to the weekly paper Expresso and in November 2006 published his most recent collection, A Minha Andorinha.
On 13 February 2009 he welcomed his first grandchild, António Cardoso Coutinho, born in Lisbon, a natural son of his daughter Tristana by Bruno Coutinho.
Bibliography
Collected reviews and columns
Escrítica Pop (1982)
A Causa das Coisas (1986)
Os Meus Problemas (1988)
As Minhas Aventuras na República Portuguesa (1990)
Último Volume (1991)
Explicações de Português (2001)
A Minha Andorinha (2006)
Lorelei
O Musical
Novels
O Amor é Fodido (1994)
A Vida Inteira (1995)
Cemitério de Raparigas (1996)
These volumes collected his Expresso columns.
References
External links
Review of El amor es jodido, in Spanish
Miguel Esteves Cardoso in a Portuguese Genealogical site
Portuguese people of English descent
1955 births
Living people
People from Lisbon
Portuguese literature
Portuguese male writers
Portuguese journalists
Male journalists
Portuguese translators
Portuguese satirists
Portuguese monarchists
Alumni of the University of Manchester |
4002200 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%B3zef%20Milik | Józef Milik | Józef Tadeusz Milik (Seroczyn, Poland, 24 March 1922 – Paris, 6 January 2006) was a Polish biblical scholar and a Catholic priest, researcher of the Dead Sea Scrolls (DSS) through the deserts of Judea/Jordan, and translator and editor of the Book of Enoch in Aramaic (fragments).
He was fluent in Russian, Italian, French, German, and English besides his native Polish, plus many ancient and dead languages including Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Aramaic, Syriac, Old Church Slavonic, Arabic, Georgian, Ugaritic, Akkadian, Sumerian, Egyptian, and Hittite.
Biography
He was born into a peasant family in a small village in central Poland. His father, despite being a farmer, was interested in science, educated himself and gathered a rich library. He influenced his son, who finished the gymnasium in Siedlce and later entered the theological college in Płock in 1939. When the college was closed by Germans after they invaded Poland, he moved to Warsaw. After the World War II, he studied at Catholic University of Lublin and in 1946 was ordained a priest.
Józef Milik deciphered hundreds of the texts of the Dead Sea Scrolls as a member of the publication team. He started translating and publishing them in the early 1950s while a student at the Pontifical Biblical Institute in Rome.
Then he joined Roland de Vaux’s team and helped to discover Cave 3, excavated and unearthed hundreds of fragments from Cave 4, and took part in the discovery and excavations of Caves 5 and 6. He later became one of the most essential participants of the translation and publication team.
Milestones
1944 Entered Catholic University of Lublin to study Hebrew, Greek, Latin, Aramaic, Syriac, and Old Church Slavonic
1946 Ordained as a Catholic priest in Warsaw
Late-1940s Attended Pontifical Oriental Institute and Pontifical Biblical Institute to study Arabic, Georgian, Ugaritic, Akkadian, Sumerian, Egyptian, and Hittite
1950 Gained a licentiate summa cum laude
1951 Began working in Jerusalem to decipher DSS; devised a system of designating the fragments
1955 Co-edited first major DSS publication for Cave 1 texts: "Discoveries in the Judaean Desert"
1956 Heralded by Time magazine as "the fastest man with a fragment"
1959 Published Ten Years of Discovery in the Wilderness of Judaea describing the Dead Sea Scrolls discovery (revision and translation of the 1957 book "Dix ans de découvertes dans le Désert de Juda")
1969 Leaves the priesthood and marries Polish art historian Jolanta Zaluska in Rome. Moves to Paris
1976 Published The Books of Enoch
After moving to Paris, Milik worked as a researcher for the Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique until his retirement in 1987.
Bibliography
Milik (1957). Dix ans de découverte dans le désert de Juda | Discoveries in the Judean Desert
Milik (1972). Milki-sedeq et Milki-resa dans les anciens écrits juifs et chrétiens.
Milik (1976). The Books of Enoch: Aramaic Fragments Qumran Cave 4 with the collaboration of Black M.
Milik (1978). Écrits préesséniens de Qumran : d’Hénoch à Amram.
Martinez/Tigchelaar (1999). The Dead Sea Scrolls Edition [Hénoc au pays des aromates pp. 413, 425, 430]; Caves 1 to 11 & more, with Aramaic frag. and English translation.
Puech Emile (2000). “Milik, Jozef T.” in Enclyclopedia of the Dead Sea Scrolls edited by Lawrence Schiffman and James VanderKam. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000, I:552–554.
Robert Feather and Zdzislaw J. Kapera (2011). Jozef Milik, Doyen of The Dead Sea Scrolls, The Enigma Press, Krakow - Mogilany.
References
External links
The Independent's obituary
The Prodigious Priest: Jozef T. Milik
Dead Sea Scrolls
Roman Catholic biblical scholars
20th-century Polish Roman Catholic priests
John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin alumni
Pontifical Oriental Institute alumni
Pontifical Biblical Institute alumni
Laicized Roman Catholic priests
1922 births
2006 deaths
Polish biblical scholars |
5397759 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slade%20Alive%2C%20Vol.%202 | Slade Alive, Vol. 2 | Slade Alive, Vol. 2 is the second live album by the British rock band Slade. It was released on 27 October 1978 and did not enter the charts. Titled as the follow-up to the band's commercially and critically successful 1972 album Slade Alive!, the performances on Slade Alive, Vol. 2 were taken from the band's autumn 1976 tour of the United States and their spring 1977 UK tour. The album was produced by Chas Chandler.
Background
Returning from the US in late 1976, Slade found the UK music business much changed from when they had left in 1975 to try and crack the American market. Punk rock had exploded to become the dominant influence on youth culture and the music press. Despite Slade's reputation as one of the great high-energy bands of their day, in this environment they had become irrelevant. Regardless, they were determined that they were now a better live act than ever and refused to call it a day. Their 1977 album Whatever Happened to Slade was a commercial failure, and on their UK spring tour they found they could no longer fill large venues.
By 1978, the band continued to suffer from a lack of commercial success. Despite being successful at filling small venues for their live performances, their new records were barely selling. With their new output no longer being released on Polydor Records but instead on manager Chas Chandler's label Barn Records, singles such as "Burning in the Heat of Love", "Give Us a Goal", "Rock 'n' Roll Bolero" and "Ginny, Ginny" were all chart failures. In the hope their live reputation would translate to success when released on record, the band released Slade Alive, Vol. 2 in October 1978. However, it too was a commercial failure, and Slade would only regain popularity after performing at the Reading Festival in 1980.
Track listing
All songs written by Noddy Holder and Jim Lea except "My Baby Left Me" by Arthur Crudup.
Critical reception
Upon the album's release, Record Mirror described it as a "worthwhile, if not exactly essential purchase, and enough possibly, to get the group back on an even keel". They added: "Slade are essentially a live band, no matter how good their records are, they'll never match up. All they will ever be are plastic souvenirs of a great live show." Superpop felt the album captured "exactly what [was] actually going on" with the band at the time, adding that the album was a "neat little package".
AllMusic retrospectively said: "Slade Alive, Vol. 2, like all live Slade, is searing. The album is excellent, both in terms of performance and sound quality. They also did a great job of selecting material for this disc. A nice balance of classics and newer material that hadn't really been heard before. Slade has by this point developed into a full-fledged heavy metal band while retaining everything that made them great in the first place."
Personnel
Slade
Noddy Holder - lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Dave Hill - lead guitar, backing vocals
Jim Lea - bass, backing vocals
Don Powell - drums
Additional personnel
Chas Chandler - producer
Alwyn Clayden - design (cover)
Alex Agor - photography
Alan Goldberg - stage lighting
References
1978 live albums
Slade live albums
Albums produced by Chas Chandler |
5397760 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20For%C3%AAt | Le Forêt | Le Forêt may refer to:
La Forêt de Saisy
"Le Forêt", song by composer André Caplet |
5397771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20viscountcies | Lists of viscountcies | Lists of viscountcies include:
List of viscountcies in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
List of viscounts in the peerages of Britain and Ireland
List of viscountcies in Portugal |
5397777 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal%20of%20Guise | Cardinal of Guise | Cardinal of Guise can refer to these members of the French ducal family de Guise who became cardinals:
Louis I, Cardinal of Guise (1527-1578), Bishop of Troyes
Louis II, Cardinal of Guise, (1555-1588), nephew of Louis I
Louis III, Cardinal of Guise, (1575–1621), the third son of Henry I, Duke of Guise, and Catherine of Cleves
See also
Cardinal of Lorraine (disambiguation) |
5397790 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/X-Men%3A%20The%20Manga | X-Men: The Manga | X-Men: The Manga, published simply as X-Men in Japan published by Marvel Comics. It is a manga adaptation of the 1992 X-Men animated series. It was published directly to tankobon format by Takeshobo in 1994 under their Bamboo Comics imprint in order to promote the Japanese airing of the show. The first volume was published and the publication date is from March 1998 - April 1999. Therefore, manga lasted 13 volumes, each volume adapting two episodes from the TV series (thus covering the first two seasons), with a different manga artist drawing each story. In addition to the books, Takeshobo also published a manga tie-in to the X-Men: Children of the Atom arcade game drawn by Miyako Cojima that was published in Comic Gamma from 1994 to 1995, but was not collected in book form. In 1998, Marvel Comics adapted the manga into English as a monthly title, publishing 26 issues covering the first 13 stories.
List of volumes (Japanese edition)
See also
X-Men titles
Manga series
1998 comics debuts
Superheroes in anime and manga
Takeshobo manga
Manga based on comics |
5397797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lord%20Clyde-class%20ironclad | Lord Clyde-class ironclad | The Lord Clyde-class ironclads were a pair of wooden-hulled armoured frigates built for the Royal Navy in the 1860s. They were designed by Sir Edward Reed and built to make use of the large stocks of seasoned timber available in the royal shipyards.
Overview
The design of these ships was based upon the design of , but in making the adaptation from this ship's design to the requirements of a wooden hull, Reed had only the behaviour of to learn from, and the tendency of her class to sag amidships had not at that time been recognised. Both ships were built with a beam equal to Royal Oak, and some twenty feet shorter.
Their hulls were a complex sandwich structure, consisting of an inner layer of oak ribs thick, a iron skin, of oak support and backing for the armour, an armour layer of 4.5 to 5.5 inches (114–140 mm) in thickness, and a thin sheathing of anti-fouling Muntz metal. It was believed at the time that the 15-inch Dahlgren guns carried by the American monitors would fail to penetrate this sandwich.
Notes
Footnotes
References
External links
Ironclad classes
Ship classes of the Royal Navy
Lord Clyde-class ironclad |
5397806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Si%20loin%20de%20vous%20%28Hey%20oh...%20par%20la%20radio%29 | Si loin de vous (Hey oh... par la radio) | "Si loin de vous (Hey oh... par la radio)" is a song recorded by the French-born R&B singer Nâdiya and written by Thierry Gronfier, Nâdiya and Mehdy Boussaïd. It was released as the third single released from her second best-selling studio album to date, 16/9. The single was released during the fourth quarter of 2004, being released in November in France and Switzerland and in December in some several other European countries.
Inspiration
The main whistle in the melody is inspired from "Pulstar" by Vangelis, an electronic music from the 1976 album Albedo 0.39.
Chart performance
On 22 December 2004, the song was certified gold meaning over 100,000 copies were sold, one month after its release by the Syndicat National de l'Édition Phonographique, the French certifier, becoming Nâdiya's fastest certified single. In total, over 191,000 copies were sold of "Si loin de vous" in France, close to receiving a platinum certification. The song peaked at number forty-six in the 2004 French singles year-end chart (with former singles "Parle-moi" (number 22) and "Et c'est parti..." (number 30) appearing in the year-end chart too) and number 72 in the 2005 edition.
Track listings
CD single (11:45)
"Si loin de vous (Hey oh... par la radio)" (radio edit) — 3:55
"Si loin de vous (Hey oh... par la radio)" (karaoke version) — 3:55
"Si loin de vous (Hey oh... par la radio)" (video)
Maxi single (18:14)
"Si loin de vous (Hey oh... par la radio)" (radio edit) — 3:55
"Si loin de vous (Hey oh... par la radio)" (6Mondini remix) — 5:33
"Si loin de vous (Hey oh... par la radio)" (instrumental) — 3:51
"Et c'est parti..." (6mondini remix) — 4:59
Versions and remixes
Album version
Radio edit
Instrumental
6Mondini Remix
Karaoke version
Charts and sales
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2004 singles
Nâdiya songs
Songs written by Thierry Gronfier
2004 songs
Columbia Records singles |
5397809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liessies | Liessies | Liessies () is a commune in the Nord department in northern France.
It is known for Liessies Abbey, of which the abbey church and the park have been preserved.
Heraldry
See also
Communes of the Nord department
References
Communes of Nord (French department) |
4002201 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Tornio | Battle of Tornio | The Battle of Tornio (October 1–8, 1944) was the first major engagement between Nazi Germany and Finland in the Lapland War; although hostilities had already begun elsewhere (see Tanne Ost).
Background
Though open fighting had erupted already in mid September at Gogland between the Finnish and German troops the relations between the two sides in northern Finland had remained fairly good. As per earlier planned Operation Birke Germans had been evacuating material and troops to safer positions further north in the Finland. The actual German interest in the Finnish Lapland was in keeping hold of the Petsamo area and its nickel mines. On the other hand, the German and Finnish troops had been fighting together for three years, and many personal friendships had been forged between the two armies. Thus, until now, there had been very few actual hostilities between the German and Finnish troops. Until the battle of Tornio Finnish and German troops had been performing 'autumn maneuvers' in which the pace of the German withdrawal was matched with pace of the following Finnish troops with mutual agreement thus avoiding open conflict between the two sides.
The Finns, however, were forced by their peace agreement with the USSR to forcibly remove German troops from their territory. Thus the invasion of Tornio was planned and executed to surprise the Germans and open a front behind their backs along the Swedish border. Lieutenant-General Siilasvuo was the officer in charge of the operations in Lapland and planned an amphibious assault near Tornio in time with an overland attack towards Kemi; both operations had Oulu as their base. The Finns used three cargo vessels with an armament of single anti-aircraft machine gun in each ship. They had no air or naval support during the 80 mile sail from Oulu to Tornio.
Initial operations
German strength
German forces at the direction of Kemi (and Tornio) were grouped under Division Kräutler. These were 1st battalion of 139th Mountain Jaeger Brigade (Gebirgsjäger-Brigade 139), 6th Jaeger Battalion (Jäger-Bataillon 6), 6th SS Mountain Reconnaissance Battalion (SS-Gebirgs-Aufklärungs-Abteilung 6), and 6th SS Infantry Battalion (SS-Schützen-Bataillon "Nord" 6). Due to the Finnish pressure from the south only the 6th SS Mountain Reconnaissance Battalion could be moved towards Tornio while the rest were tied down against the advancing Finns.
Uprising at Tornio
The Finns had managed to get German permission to stage a battalion worth of men known as 'Detachment Pennanen' (fi. Osasto Pennanen) behind their lines in the subterfuge of protecting the key industrial facilities at Kemi. In addition to this force the Finnish civic guard had planned an uprising to take place at border town of Tornio. Major Thure Larjo, utilizing Finnish soldiers at the time on leave at the location and a single company of air defence soldiers, managed to take control of the town of Tornio on the west bank of the Torne river and contain the few Germans who were at the site. However the planned attack on the large German supply depot near the railroad station of Tornio on the east bank of the river failed. However the Finns were able to send a train to assist the arriving landing force.
Though the uprising was not as successful as had been hoped for it contributed to the confusion on the German side and also made it easier for the landing force to arrive undetected to the port of Röyttä, the outer port of Tornio. Actions of Detachment Pennanen at Kemi, namely capturing the port of Ajos, further mislead the initial German response to the landing operation into believing that the Finns would concentrate on Kemi instead of Tornio.
Landing at Röyttä
The first elements of the Finnish 11th Infantry Regiment (JR 11) landed unopposed at the port of Röyttä at 07:45 on 1 October and were met by a train that started transporting troops closer to the town. Lieutenant Colonel Halsti had planned to move his forces swiftly towards Kemi to secure the important bridges across the Kemi river – however after learning from the Finnish forces which had secured the town that there could be a whole German battalion in the vicinity he chose more a cautious approach.
Instead of moving towards Kemi JR 11 moved to secure the German supply depot located at Tornio railroad station. Arrival of Finnish battalions from Röyttä took Germans by surprise since so far they had thought that they were dealing just with a local uprising. Both battalions of JR 11 which had moved towards the station got tied down into a battle where Germans showed near fanatical resistance.
Still on 1 October the third battalion of JR 11 was cautiously moving towards Kemi when it encountered and interned a small German detachment sent to subdue the uprising at Tornio. The Germans were finally realizing the extent of the Finnish landing and uprising however they were not in a position to take action against the Finns at the time. The Torne river valley was essentially devoid of German forces and their forces at Kemi, under command of Division Kräutler, consisted of 4 battalions most of which had already been committed to delaying against the Finnish advance from the south along the coast.
Response to landing
The Germans responded to the pleas for reinforcements by dispatching several units towards the area. One armored unit, the second company of Panzer Abteilung 211, was sent from Rovaniemi towards Kemi over railroad with unit arriving already on morning of 2 October. Several infantry formations were detached from the groupings and rushed towards Tornio, these included one battalion from 379th Grenadier Regiment (Grenadier-Regiment 379), one from 206th Mountain Jaeger Regiment (Gebirgs-Jäger-Regiment 206) as well as the whole of the Machine Gun Ski Brigade Finland (MG-Ski-Brigade Finnland). Meanwhile, the Finns chose to further reinforce the landing instead of pushing hard from the south towards Kemi and started to ship more troops and equipment from Oulu to Tornio, the first of these to arrive was the 53rd Infantry Regiment (JR 53). The Finnish operation changed from a single regiment's diversionary attack into key operation involving several divisions.
'Little-Berlin'
Very late in the evening of 1 October the Finnish troops of Infantry Regiment 11 captured a German supply depot – which were colloquially known as 'little-Berlins' – and found large stores of alcohol. Order and discipline disappeared from the 2nd battalion and from most of the 1st battalion as well. Later on, the newly arriving 2nd battalion of Infantry Regiment 53 was also accidentally directed to the same location with similar results. Events at 'little-Berlin' essentially meant that Finnish forces in the area lost a whole day and allowed Germans to marshal their forces. The Finns were starting to lose the initiative.
Battle commences
German attacks
On 3 October the forces the Germans had gathered together between Tornio and Kemi started moving towards Tornio. Two Finnish battalions from JR 11 and one from JR 53 faced three German battalions supported with armor and artillery. The initial German attempt in the morning was repulsed and several tanks were lost. Both sides now planned to attack which caused the flanking Finnish battalion to stumble into a German battalion which resulted in both getting tied down. This however did not prevent the German main attack from forcing the Finns to retreat who however managed to halt the German advance before the situation became too grave. Though the Finns had slight numerical superiority in infantry over the Germans the Finns had no artillery at all while the Germans could deploy several artillery batteries as well as several anti-tank guns. In the afternoon of 4 October the Germans attacked again this time managing to push the Finns to the Raumo river where the lines froze. Further German attempts to cross the Raumo river on 5 October were easily repulsed by the Finns.
On the night preceding the 4 October German forces north of Tornio also attacked Finns who had advanced to Alavojakkala. Finns were forced to abandon the already surrounded fuel depot and withdraw further to the south. Later on 4 October the German forces north of Tornio consisting of 3 infantry battalions, more heavily armed than their Finnish counterparts, with artillery support faced 3 Finnish infantry battalions. Finns expected main German effort to be coming from direction of Kemi and were ill-prepared for strong German attack from the north which advanced rapidly forcing Finns to retreat several kilometers before forming new defensive line at Keropudas river.
Lack of maps, low morale – from fighting an 'unnecessary war' – and especially lack of heavy weapons contributed heavily to the Finnish failures.
Last attacks
On 6 October started the final German effort to drive Finns away from the Tornio and regain the transportation junction located there. They had deployed 6 infantry battalions with armor and artillery support for the operation, however instead of facing what two infantry regiments like they had expected Germans were on 6 October already facing 10 Finnish infantry battalions who had very limited armor (a company of T-26 tanks had been reactivated) and artillery support. Again both sides choose to press on with attacks. Germans chose to attack simultaneously from north and east while Finns dispatched a full regiment to outflank the Germans to the north of Tornio. What resulted was some of the fiercest fighting during the Lapland War. German attack from the north managed to cross the Keropudas river but was stopped and tied down by resolute Finnish defence while attack from east failed to throw Finns from their positions.
Finnish 50th Infantry Regiment (JR 50) flanked the German Machine Gun Ski Brigade Finland which had been tied down in its attack against defending JR 53 and reached the Torne river shore north of the German positions. On 7 October situation had grown bad to worse for the Germans, not only had their attacks been repulsed but attacking units had suffered heavy losses and the only reserve of the 20th Mountain Army, Brigade Finland had been encircled north of Tornio just when the Soviet offensive in the Arctic started. However Germans were not the only ones in trouble, the Finnish JR 50 which had been rushed to the battle had left most of its equipment to Röyttä and the supplies had to be carried by hand over swamps or marshy terrain. German attempts to relieve the encircled units did not succeed during 7 October. On 8 October Finns started to clean up the encirclement and attacked from all directions against surrounded Germans. Though many Germans were taken as POWs from the encirclement, many Germans managed to escape though they had suffered heavy casualties.
Later action at Röyttä
Though Germans had been able to sortie their aircraft to Röyttä even earlier the first serious attack as seen on 4 October when Germans were able to sortie a squadron of Stuka dive bombers to the port of Röyttä while Finnish fighters assigned to provide air cover remained grounded due poor weather at their base further to the south. Dive bombers scored several hits to the Finnish transports unloading at the port sinking two of them, Bore IX and Maininki near the pier greatly hampering the unloading. Air raids at Röyttä continued until the end of fighting at Tornio region.
Later on 6 October 1944 first small squadron from Finnish Navy consisting of gunboats Hämeenmaa and Uusimaa and patrol boats VMV 15 and VMV 16 arrived to the location to both provide anti-aircraft fire and to suppress German battery located at Laivaniemi within firing distance from the port which had kept harassing the Finnish effort to unload their transports. Auxiliary gunboat Aunus arrived later on. On the same day – 6 October – several Focke-Wulf Fw 200 bombers bombed Ryöttä using Henschel Hs 293 glide bombs but without results.
Hostages
As a response to the Finns' landing at Tornio and the capturing of German troops, the Germans started to take Finnish civilians as hostages: 132 from Kemi and a further 130 from Rovaniemi, and attempted to trade these for the captured Germans. During fighting at Tornio, a German negotiator arrived with the demand that the Finns were required to release their prisoners and withdraw back to Röyttä, or else the Germans would execute the hostages. The Finnish response was that such an action would result in the immediate execution of all captured German POWs. The German plan backfired since it had negligible impact on Finnish actions and only managed to further stain the German - especially Rendulic's - reputation in Finland. Hostage drama also offered the Finnish media an excellent propaganda tool which could be worked against the Germans. The Germans realized their mistake and on 12 October they abandoned the hostages to the advancing Finns at Jaatila.
Aftermath
While the fighting at Tornio still continued the German leadership made a decision to move from Operation Birke to Operation Nordlicht and abandon the most of northern Finland and Norway. Soviet offensive near Petsamo started soon after Germans had made their decision. Strict marching discipline enforced by Germans, German motorized units and effective demolition of transportation network meant that after battle of Tornio Finnish troops could effectively engage withdrawing Germans only at the time and place of Germans' choosing.
The original Finnish plan had been to cut off the German troops around Kemi from all ways of retreat. However, the German troops were able to secure the road to Rovaniemi and retreat in an orderly fashion. On the other hand, the capture of Tornio effectively cut the German troops in Finland into two parts: one fighting in Tornio river valley, the other in the Kemi river valley. Due to lack of roads, the supplies to the troops around Kemi would have to be routed through Rovaniemi. By October 8 the whole Kemi-Tornio area had been cleared.
The German commander in the North, General Lothar Rendulic considered the capture of Tornio a betrayal by the Finns and ordered the scorched earth destruction of Lapland in retaliation. By attacking Tornio the Finnish government had proven to the Soviet Union that it was working actively to remove the German troops. In addition, the Finnish army had shown that it was capable and willing to turn its arms against the former cobelligerents.
References
Bibliography
Eastern European theatre of World War II
Battles involving Finland
Conflicts in 1944
1944 in Finland
Battles of World War II involving Germany
October 1944 events
History of Lapland (Finland) |
4002208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medora%20Musical | Medora Musical | The Medora Musical is a musical revue that produced each summer at the open-air Burning Hills Amphitheater near Medora, North Dakota, US. The musical is a look back at the "Wild West" days of the region and includes references to Theodore Roosevelt, who spent time in western North Dakota, including in the nearby Theodore Roosevelt National Park.
The musical premiered at the amphitheatre in 1965 and is the successor to earlier shows about Roosevelt. Expected attendance for 2017 is estimated to be reach above 116,000.
History
The Burning Hills Amphitheater was built in 1958 one mile west of Medora, for the production of Old Four-Eyes, to help celebrate Theodore Roosevelt's 100th birthday. Thirty of the thirty-three performances were sold out.
Due to waning interest in the following years after its first season Old Four-Eyes was closed in 1964. The show was replaced by Teddy Roosevelt Rides Again for the 1963 and 1964 seasons. In 1965 Harold Schafer, North Dakota businessman, president of the Theodore Roosevelt National Memorial Park and Badlands Association, purchased the amphitheater. After making some changes, including expanding the stage and the seating area, the Medora Musical opened.
In 1986 the Schafer family and the Gold Seal company donated their share in Medora to the Theodore Roosevelt Medora Foundation (TRMF). The foundation maintains the amphitheater and historical properties and other projects. In 1991, the amphitheatre received a $4.1 million facelift which enlarged the seating to 2,863, built new stage, installed escalators, and a wheelchair ramp. The new Burning Hills Amphitheater was completed in 1992 with the bolting in of the new seats. Additional construction was completed in 1997. In 2005 another renovation was made to the sets and the stage. Curt Wollan is the musical's longtime director and executive producer.
Burning Hills Amphitheater
The amphitheater was carved out of the side of the badlands in Burning Gulch by local volunteers, cast members and boys from the Home on the Range Ranch. The original theater seated between 1,000, and 1,200 people. It was constructed of wooden benches on the hillside with rustic buildings that formed a set around the stage. The natural acoustics of the hillside meant that no sound system would be needed.
Former show names
Ol’ Four Eyes 1958-1962
Teddy Roosevelt Rides Again 1963, 1964
Medora Musical 1965–present
See also
List of contemporary amphitheatres
External links
Medora Musical website
North Dakota tourism website
References
Music of North Dakota
1965 musicals
Amphitheaters in the United States
Tourist attractions in Billings County, North Dakota
Theatre in North Dakota |
4002214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliffe%20and%20Cliffe%20Woods | Cliffe and Cliffe Woods | Cliffe and Cliffe Woods is a civil parish in the borough of Medway in Kent, England. The parish is located on the Hoo Peninsula and comprises the villages of Cliffe and the suburb, Cliffe Woods. At the 2011 Census the population of the civil parish was 5,370. In the west of the Cliffe and Cliffe Woods parish are the Cliffe Pools.
References
External links
Cliffe and Cliffe Woods Parish Council
Civil parishes in Kent |
4002220 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mil%20Mi-3 | Mil Mi-3 | The Mil Mi-3 was a Soviet light-utility helicopter originally designed in the 1960s as a heavier and larger version of the Mil Mi-2 helicopter. It is also a Russian designation for the Polish-Soviet co-operation on larger helicopters based on the Mi-2 that could replace the Mi-4 from 1971. The project never passed the stage of design. Due to problems in this cooperation, the Poles decided to build a completely new helicopter on their own, designated as PZL W-3 Sokół.
Another helicopter designated Mil Mi-3 was improved Mil Mi-1 with four bladed main rotor.
References
1960s Soviet military utility aircraft
Mil aircraft
Mi-03 |
4002221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaphiophryne | Scaphiophryne | Scaphiophryne is a genus of microhylid frogs endemic to Madagascar. Some of the species are strikingly marked, while others are highly cryptic. They are rather plump and generally found on the ground. Several species in the genus are threatened because of habitat loss and overcollection for the international pet trade.
Behavior
Species within the genus are robust burrowing frogs, and they have an explosive breeding behavior. This type of behavior is typically seen for species living within temporary and seasonal habitats, which is the case in Madagascar.
Tadpoles
Tadpoles are intermediate in morphology between those of ranids and microhylids. They have rows of oral papillae, but not keratinized teeth or horny beaks.
The unique Scaphiophryne larval morphology allows for filter-feeding and the ability to use the papillae to wipe particles from substrate and churn particles from the bottom of the water source of residence.
The tadpole morphology allows for distinguishing from the Pseudohemisus subgenus.
Phylogeny details
The two subgenera, Scaphiophryne and Pseudohemisus, are monophyletic based on molecular analysis. The species within the Scaphiophryne subgenera are lineages that have been confirmed to be evolutionarily independent. This is based on analysis of mitochondrial and nuclear genes, where mitochondrial divergence was low, nuclear divergence was distinct, and nuclear heterozygosity was found to be high. Hybridization between species was not found, which has been previously hypothesized to happen.
Species
References
Microhylidae
Endemic frogs of Madagascar
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger |
5397812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KHGI-TV | KHGI-TV | KHGI-TV, virtual and VHF digital channel 13, is an ABC-affiliated television station licensed to Kearney, Nebraska, United States, serving most of central and western Nebraska and the northern third of Kansas. The station is owned by the Sinclair Broadcast Group as part of a duopoly with Lincoln-licensed Fox affiliate KFXL-TV (channel 51). The two stations share studios on Nebraska Highway 44 in Axtell, about south of Kearney, with a secondary studio and news bureau at the Conestoga Mall in Grand Island. KHGI-TV's transmitter is located near Lowell, Nebraska.
Overview
KHGI-TV's programming (with the exception of commercials) is repeated on KWNB-TV (virtual and VHF digital channel 6) in Hayes Center (with transmitter north of the village on Highway 25); both stations are branded as the Nebraska Television Network, or NTV for short. The station is part of the Lincoln–Hastings–Kearney market, but this market has historically had little basis in television reality and is only completely realized on the local satellite feeds. The market does share three television stations, CBS affiliate KOLN (channel 10) in Lincoln (which operates a satellite in Grand Island, KGIN [channel 11]), NBC affiliate KSNB-TV (channel 4) in Superior and Fox affiliate KFXL. However, the market is split for ABC coverage; KHGI/KWNB serves as the ABC affiliate for the western half of the market, while KLKN (channel 8) serves as the network's affiliate for Lincoln and the eastern half of the market. Omaha ABC affiliate KETV also has significant viewership in the eastern part of the market, and remained available on most cable systems in that portion after they dropped other Omaha stations.
KHGI has gained cable coverage on the Lincoln side of the market in recent years, including carriage on channels 2 and 1202 on Charter Spectrum in Lincoln proper as of July 2017. Both KHGI and KLKN are also carried on the Lincoln DirecTV and Dish Network feeds.
History
KHGI signed on December 24, 1953, as KHOL-TV, a CBS and DuMont affiliate based in Holdrege. The station was founded by the Bi-States Co., headed by Holdrege doctor F. Wayne Brewster. In 1954, the station also added secondary affiliations with ABC and NBC; however, KHOL nearly lost CBS that same year, before protests from viewers led the network to sign a two-year renewal of the station's affiliation. Channel 13 would lose NBC a year later in advance of the 1956 launch of KHAS-TV (channel 5, now KNHL). DuMont would end network operations in 1956, and KHOL-TV briefly affiliated with the NTA Film Network. That same year, on February 9, KHOL added a satellite in Hayes Center, KHPL-TV (channel 6).
Bi-States expanded into radio in June 1959 with the launch of KHOL-FM (98.9 FM, now KKPR-FM); in 1961, the company also purchased KRNY (1460 AM, now KXPN). KRNY was sold to Radio Kearney in 1964; the following year, the same company purchased KHOL-FM.
On February 2, 1961, KHOL-TV and KHPL-TV dropped CBS to become full ABC affiliates, a few months before KGIN-TV (channel 11) signed on from Grand Island as a satellite of Lincoln's CBS affiliate, KOLN-TV (channel 10). On December 3, 1964, Bi-States signed on another KHOL satellite, KHQL-TV (channel 8) in Albion. KHTL-TV (channel 4) in Superior followed on October 1, 1965. The four stations began branding as the Nebraska Television Network, or NTN for short; the brand was shortened to NTV in the early 1970s.
The station featured local programming, including The Bobby Mills Show on Saturday evenings from 9:30 until 10 p.m. The Bobby Mills Orchestra was the "house band" and hosted guest artists, though the bulk of the show was dedicated to the band and its soloists, similar to The Lawrence Welk Show. Bobby's sons, Bobby Mills Jr. and Ron, were featured extensively on the program. Taping of the show was done once a month on a Friday night, after KHOL's midnight sign-off. An average of five shows were done per taping, which typically ended at 4 a.m. The show ran during the late 1960s into the early 1970s.
NTV Enterprises acquired the NTV stations in 1974 for $1.9 million. On June 3, the new owners changed the call letters of all the stations: KHOL became KHGI-TV, KHPL became KWNB-TV, KHQL became KCNA-TV and KHTL became KSNB-TV. The new call signs were chosen to reflect the areas served by each station; KHGI stands for "Kearney, Hastings, Grand Island", while KWNB refers to that station's service to western Nebraska.
Joseph Amaturo bought the NTV stations in 1979 in an $8.5 million deal funded by the sale of KQTV in St. Joseph, Missouri. KCNA was split off from NTV on November 1, 1983, to become an independent station under the call letters KBGT-TV; Amaturo Group sold KHGI-TV, KWNB-TV, and KSNB-TV to Gordon Broadcasting for $10 million in 1985; the sale separated the NTV stations from KBGT, which was separately sold a year later to Citadel Communications and became KCAN, a satellite of Sioux City, Iowa station KCAU-TV. Citadel later moved KCAN to Lincoln as a stand-alone station, KLKN.
Gordon Broadcasting planned to sell the NTV stations to Sterling Communications for $11 million in 1989. However, later that year, the stations were placed into receivership; initially overseen by former owner Joseph Amaturo, Joseph Girard was appointed successor receiver in 1991. Under Girard, who operated NTV through Girard Communications, KHGI-TV, KWNB-TV, and KSNB-TV were sold to Fant Broadcasting, owner of WNAL-TV in Gadsden, Alabama, for $2 million in 1993.
On April 1, 1994, Fant took over the operations of Hill Broadcasting Company's KTVG (channel 17), an upstart independent station in Grand Island in the process of joining Fox, under a local marketing agreement (LMA), making it a sister station to the NTV stations. Concurrently with KTVG's primary Fox affiliation, KHGI-TV, KWNB-TV, and KSNB-TV took on a secondary Fox affiliation to carry the network's NFL coverage. In July 1995, Fant announced a deal to sell KHGI, KWNB, and KSNB to Blackstar, LLC, a minority-controlled company in which nonvoting equity interests were held by Fox Television Stations and Silver King Communications, for $13 million; although the deal, which would have seen the NTV stations switch to a full-time Fox affiliation, was approved by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) on December 15, 1995, Fant cited delays in FCC approval in walking away from the deal in May 1996.
In July 1996, Fant agreed to sell KHGI-TV, KWNB-TV, and KSNB-TV to Pappas Telecasting Companies for $12.75 million. Pappas immediately assumed control of the NTV stations through a local marketing agreement that began on July 1, and that September broke KSNB off from NTV and made it a Fox affiliate as a satellite of KTVG; KHGI and KWNB remained with ABC. In 1997, Pappas sold its right to acquire KSNB to Colins Broadcasting Company for $10 (with Colins paying $333,333 to Fant), as channel 4's signal overlapped with Pappas' Omaha station, KPTM; Pappas also entered into an LMA with Colins to continue operating KSNB. The sales of KHGI and KWNB to Pappas and KSNB to Colins were approved by the FCC on February 17, 1999 and completed on May 24. In 2009, Pappas began moving Fox programming in the market to KFXL-TV (channel 51, which signed on as a Pappas-operated WB affiliate in 2006 and later carried The CW before joining Fox) and the second digital subchannels of KHGI-TV and KWNB-TV; the company subsequently ended the LMAs with KSNB-TV (which, after going dark, was purchased by Gray Television in 2013 and is now an NBC affiliate) and KTVG-TV (which permanently ceased operations).
KHGI-CD in North Platte, Nebraska signed on in 1989 as translator station K13VO, becoming WSWS-CA on July 4, 2005 and KHGI-CA on June 12, 2009. The WSWS-CA call sign was unique, as it made it a station with a "W" call sign prefix west of the Mississippi River. This was allowed due to the fact that "WSWS" was the former callsign of current Pappas station WLGA, and the calls were grandfathered to the former K13VO. In 2010, KHGI-CA switched to digital and became KHGI-LD. KHGI-LD is not a true repeater of KHGI-TV in that its digital television broadcast is identified as "KHGI-LD Digital Television" on compatible television receivers and appears as channel 27.1 rather than 13.1. KHGI-LD also does not rebroadcast KFXL on a digital subchannel as North Platte already receives Fox on KIIT-CD. ABC programming on KHGI-LD is carried in high definition. When the analog KHGI-CA license was surrendered on September 1, 2011, KHGI-LD became KHGI-CD, inheriting the analog station's class A status.
As of February 18, 2014, KHGI was the only big three affiliated station owned by Pappas. In August 2015, the liquidating trust for Pappas announced that it was soliciting bids for a bankruptcy auction of the company's Nebraska stations, which took place October 27, 2015. Of the four companies that participated in the auction, Sinclair Broadcast Group emerged as the winning bidder; on November 4, 2015, the company announced that it had agreed to acquire KHGI-TV, KWNB-TV, and KFXL-TV for $31.25 million. The sale was completed on May 1, 2016.
Digital television
KHGI-TV and KWNB-TV/LD digital channels
The stations' digital signals are multiplexed:
KHGI-CD digital channel
KHGI-CD only carries the main ABC NTV subchannel:
Analog-to-digital conversion
Both stations shut down their analog signal on February 17, 2009, the original target date in which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital channel allocations post-transition are as follows:
KHGI-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 13; the station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 36 to VHF channel 13.
KWNB-TV shut down its analog signal, over VHF channel 6; the station's digital signal relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 18 to VHF channel 6.
News operation
KHGI-TV currently broadcasts a total of 27 hours of local newscasts each week (with five hours on weekdays and one hour each on Saturdays and Sundays). In May 2006, NTV became one of the first television stations in the country to generate a community based news site. Community Correspondent allows registered users to post stories, photos, and videos to the site. Many of the postings are used on air in different stories.
In May 2013, NTV added a weekly agricultural news program, called NTV's Grow, which was the station's first regular broadcast in HD. The station began broadcasting its news in HD on September 5, 2013.
Former on-air staff
Marg Helgenberger - weather anchor (1980–1981; now an actress, best known for playing Catherine Willows on CSI)
Translators
KHGI/KWNB repeats its programming on two translator stations: KHGI-CD rebroadcasts KHGI-TV, while KWNB-LD directly repeats KWNB. All three of these stations are owned by Sinclair.
Active translators
Former translators
References
External links
ABC network affiliates
TBD (TV network) affiliates
Sinclair Broadcast Group
Television channels and stations established in 1953
1953 establishments in Nebraska
HGI-TV |
5397824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardinal%20of%20Lorraine | Cardinal of Lorraine | Cardinal of Lorraine may refer to:
Jean, Cardinal of Lorraine (1498–1550)
Charles, Cardinal of Lorraine (1524–1574)
Charles of Lorraine (bishop of Metz and Strasbourg) (1567–1607)
Nicholas Francis, Duke of Lorraine, Cardinal 1626–34 |
5397834 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipsanotheca | Lipsanotheca | A lipsanotheca (Italian lipsanoteca) is a reliquary, specifically a small box containing the actual relics inside a reliquary. The term derives from Greek through Late Latin. In modern English, it usually refers to a small number of individual very old reliquaries, most often the 4th century ivory Brescia Casket, which is the most likely meaning of the plain term, especially in its Italian version. A 13th century wooden box in Alicante, Spain, is also called a lipsanotheca.
The National Museum of Catalan Art (MNAC) in Barcelona has a digitized display that references another famous 10th century lipsanotheca made of stone called the Lipsanotheca of Santa Maria de Lillet. See Google images.
References
Christian reliquaries |
5397841 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6cek%2C%20Fethiye | Göcek, Fethiye | Göcek () is a small town in Fethiye district in Muğla Province, Turkey.
Its site was occupied by the town of Callimache in ancient times, and is located between Fethiye – Telmessos in ancient times – and Dalyan – Caunos in ancient times. According to the legends, it is in the Göcek area that Icarus landed in the sea after his famous flight trying to escape from the tower where he was imprisoned. Göcek was used as a harbour for ships loading chrome ore collected from the mines under nearby mountains during the Ottoman period.
Today, Göcek hosts six significant marinas that serve the yacht tourism in the region: Club Marina, Skopea Marina, Municipality Marinas, Marinturk Göcek Village Port, Marinturk Göcek Exclusive and D-Marin Gocek. A prominent characteristic of the town is the fact that it harbors islands and coves located in a large and secluded bay. Owing to its location, it naturally enjoys a high potential for yacht tourism. In 1988, Göcek was declared a Registered Area of Special Protection. Therefore, multi-story buildings are not allowed, the tourist accommodation facilities are two-storied hotels, motels, apartment hotels, and pensions situated in the town center and its periphery. Göcek has all the necessary infrastructure, capacity, and amenities expected in a tourism center, yet it is renowned as a much more peaceful and quiet settlement than some other tourism areas.
Göcek is situated on Dalaman–Fethiye highway. Until 2006, it was necessary to drive along a relatively narrow and winding road to reach Göcek from Dalaman. However, the 980-meter Göcek vehicle tunnel, completed in June 2006, has significantly increased the accessibility of the town. The vehicle tunnel is a toll roadway and the first example of build-operate-transfer model.
The permanent population in Göcek is around 4,500. This number exceeds 7,000 during the summer months. Since Göcek is a departure and arrival point for Blue Cruises, there is heavy yacht traffic in the town harbor. With its secluded bay, the harbor is quiet and safe, especially for long-distance travelers arriving from international waters. Göcek coves and the 12 islands, which are described as a hidden paradise, with clean Mediterranean water, green pine forests, and beaches, have rendered Göcek an indispensable destination for seafarers. High-quality boarding facilities, daily boat tours, entertainment facilities on the seaside, and numerous nearby beaches and coves provide various alternatives for local and international tourists traveling by road to spend their vacations. There are many restaurants, cafés, and bars on the promenade.
Göcek became known to groups of artists and poets and to some fisherman from Bodrum as a result of their cruising along the Turkish Turquoise Coast, a journey later called the “Blue Voyage”.
The gulf of Göcek and Fethiye provides many opportunities to visit cultural sites as Caunos, Telmessos, Fethiye Museum, Tlos, Pınara, Letoon, Xanthos and Patara.
Of the beaches, one belongs to D-Resort Gocek can be used paying a daily price or taking out a seasonal membership. Inlice Beach is out of Göcek and can be reached with a 10-minute drive; it is run by the municipality of Göcek. The main island beach is reachable by water taxi from the harbor. Other beaches are easily accessible by car or taxi. Amongst these is Sarıgerme, a long sandy beach. Beyond Sarıgerme is the protected beach of Iztuzu in the Dalyan Delta. In the opposite direction, the famous beach at Ölüdeniz is only 40 minutes drive away.
The Twelve Islands can be reached by private charter boats, simple fishing boats, and larger yachts. There are about 20 sailing and motor yacht charter and brokerage sailing companies, which makes Göcek a high-class sailing place. There are several technical yacht services, chandlers and maintenance services.
Climate
In winter Göcek's average maximum temperature is 14 °C (57 °F). In the summer the average maximum is 34 °C (100 °F), and the weather is sunny over 300 days per year. Highs of 40 °C (104 °F) are reached at times. Göcek is renowned for growing wonderful tangerines and lemons as well as oranges, because of the climate. Other tropical fruits can grow here such as the banana.
See also
Turkish Riviera
Blue Cruise
Marinas in Turkey
Foreign purchases of real estate in Turkey
References
Fethiye
Towns in Turkey
Populated coastal places in Turkey
Turkish Riviera
Aegean Sea port cities and towns in Turkey |
5397843 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komiks%20%28TV%20series%29 | Komiks (TV series) | Komiks () is a Philippine television fantasy-drama anthology broadcast by ABS-CBN from February 4, 2006, to August 8, 2009, spanned for 3 years. The series features popular local comic book stories by comics writers Pablo S. Gomez, Francisco V. Coching, Mars Ravelo, Elena M. Patron, and Jim M. Fernandez and airs on Saturday evenings.
It can also be seen on TFC.
Episodes
For a detailed episode guide, see the main article below.
The first season of the series presented 12 distinct stories over the course of 13 episodes. One of the stories (Agua Bendita) had two parts.
The second season likewise had 12 distinct stories but had 15 episodes, because three of the stories (Inday sa Balitaw, Bampy, and Si Pardina at mga Duwende) had two parts each.
The third and fourth season of Komiks breaks from the pattern of the first two seasons, with the entire season devoted to a single story, Da Adventures of Pedro Penduko. Matt Evans of PBB Teen Edition stars in the title role. Matt Evans once again occupied the fifth season of Komiks, with a whole new adventure and characters. It is dubbed as Pedro Penduko at ang Mga Engkantao.
After the much successful airing of "Pedro Penduko" series, Komiks was shelved for a while to give way for 1 vs. 100. In April 2008, Komiks resumed airing for sixth season with the collection of Mars Ravelo's works, with Kapitan Boom as its initial offering. This was followed by Varga, Tiny Tony, Dragonna and Flash Bomba.
Another and last Ravelo serial which is different from the Pinoy superheroes entitled Nasaan Ka Maruja? also aired.
Release
Unreleased/Undeveloped series
Awards
2006 PMPC Star Awards for Television's Best Horror-Fantasy Program (tied with Mahiwagang Baul of GMA-7).
2007 PMPC Star Awards for Television's Best Horror-Fantasy Program for Da Adventures of Pedro Penduko.
See also
List of programs previously aired by ABS-CBN
Da Adventures of Pedro Penduko
Pedro Penduko at ang Mga Engkantao
Lastikman (TV series)
References
External links
Fantaserye and telefantasya
ABS-CBN drama series
Television series by Dreamscape Entertainment Television
2006 Philippine television series debuts
2009 Philippine television series endings
Philippine anthology television series
Television shows based on comics
Filipino-language television shows |
5397847 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Return%20to%20Base | Return to Base | Return to Base is the eighth studio album by the British rock group Slade. It was released on 1 October 1979 by Barn Records, and did not enter any national album charts. At the time of the album's release, the band's success had waned and were receiving little fortune. Forced to play at small halls and clubs around the UK, the only income they were reliant on was Noddy Holder and Jim Lea's songwriting royalties. Their recent singles had sold poorly and they were no longer drawing in large audiences. Prior to their last-minute call up for the 1980 Reading Festival, they were on the verge of disbanding.
The band's previous album, Whatever Happened to Slade (1977), featured a "straight" hard rock sound, dropping the band's glam rock image, and despite critical acclaim, had brought the band little commercial fortune. Return to Base was conceived as a continuation of the band's sound, and an attempt to raise the band's fortune. The band aimed to record twenty songs, with the best eleven being put onto the album. In the 1979 July–August fan club magazine, drummer Don Powell confirmed that seventeen tracks had been recorded at the time. However, while the critical reaction to the album was generally positive, the album sold poorly, something partially blamed on Barn Records, who only pressed a total 3,500 copies of the album's lead single "Ginny, Ginny", virtually guaranteeing its failure to enter the charts. Even the single that followed, "Sign of the Times", failed to chart and most copies which were left were melted down.
Some of the tracks from Return to Base re-appeared on Slade's 1981 album We'll Bring the House Down, released following their successful appearance at the Reading Festival in 1980. The remainder tracks from Return to Base were included as bonus tracks on the 2007 "Feel the Noize" remaster of We'll Bring The House Down. As such, the album was the band's only album not to be included in the series of remastered releases.
Background
Having returned to the UK from the United States in August 1976, Slade found themselves out-of-favour at the time of the UK's Punk rock explosion. The band's 1977 album Whatever Happened to Slade proved a commercial failure while their tour that spring had shown that they could no longer fill large venues. Slade's waning success soon led to the band taking any gig they could. They found themselves playing small venues, mainly universities and clubs. The band's tours often ran at a loss, with the band having to bring their own PA and lightshow. Bassist Jim Lea however was unphazed. "I still thought the band was great," he told Chris Charlesworth in 1983, "We were playing as well if not better than we ever had... now we had something to prove again."
Despite being successful at filling small venues for their live performances, the band's new records were barely selling. With the band's new output no longer being released on Polydor Records but instead on manager Chas Chandlers' label Barn records, singles such as "Burning in the Heat of Love", "Give Us a Goal", "Rock 'n' Roll Bolero" and "Ginny, Ginny" were all chart failures. Even the band's second live album Slade Alive, Vol. 2 (1978), the sequel to their critically acclaimed and commercially successful Slade Alive! (1972), was a commercial failure.
Recording
The album was recorded over a period of six weeks in 1979. The album saw the band produce together for the first time. In a 1979 fan club interview, Hill said: "We each took it in turn to produce certain parts ourselves – which makes it the first album we have solely produced ourselves."
Disagreements between the group – especially Lea and their producer/manager Chas Chandler – had been brewing since the recording of Whatever Happened to Slade, and, having continued throughout 1978, came to a head during the recording sessions for Return to Base. "Jim was becoming more and more involved in that side of things," lead vocalist Noddy Holder told Chris Charlesworth. "He wanted to produce the group and he didn't think that Chas was coming up with the goods." Chandler, for his part, was unimpressed with the group's current material: "They felt that a great sound was the all important thing," he told Charlesworth. "I've always felt that the song comes first and you craft your sound to suit the song... not the other way round." Although Chandler offered to end his association with Slade altogether, the band asked him to remain as manager while they produced themselves. Chandler said: "I agreed to this because if I refused I felt I would have been kicking them when they were down."
Asked in 1979 for his thoughts on the album, Hill said: "I'm very satisfied with it. It's got a mixture of different types of songs on it, all of which adds up to it being a good album! My favourites are the rock 'n' roll one "I'm a Rocker" and the instrumental one "Lemme Love into Ya" – probably because of the way that they come over on stage more than anything else."
In a 1980 fan club interview, Holder spoke of the album. "Over the last couple of years me and Jim have been writing a lot of songs, but we haven't known which way to approach them really. With Return to Base we were really pleased with the album, we thought that it turned out really well, but it didn't sell. Everyone around the band was saying to us that we weren't coming up with as good songs as we used to, but me and Jim knew that we were, we knew that we were coming up with strong songs. Some of the songs on Return to Base we thought were some of the best songs that we'd ever written. There only seemed to be me and Jim that had confidence in the songs; people like Chas, Dave and Don said that they didn't think our songs were as strong, some of them they did but some of them they didn't. But we ourselves thought that they were. Thus it was a case of getting the album down; and in our minds it turned out to be a great album."
During the recording of Return to Base, Slade were persuaded by engineer Andy Miller to record a song he had co-wrote with Bernie Frost. The song, "Another Win", recorded by Slade but was not released. In 2011, the song emerged on the internet through the Slade in England website.
Music
As the album title suggested, the album continues the "back to basics" sound of their previous album Whatever Happened to Slade (1977). AllMusic stated that "the sound of this record harkens back to the hit single sound, a bit less overdriven and heavy, and a bit more hook-filled and light. Acoustic guitars even appear at times."
Side one
"Wheels Ain't Coming Down" tells the tale of a near-death flying experience suffered by Holder and Lea when travelling to Los Angeles. The track was later released as a single in 1981 and peaked at No. 60. "Hold on to Your Hats" is a mid-tempo track influenced by a more rock 'n' roll sound. The track uses backward reverb effects and features a question and answer technique between Holder and the other band members Hill and Lea during the chorus. "Chakeeta" is a more commercial sounding track on the album. "Don't Waste Your Time (Back Seat Star)" is an acoustic-based ballad, described by Holder in 1988 as a "surrealistic social comment". "Sign of the Times" is a ballad based on technological revolution. Released as a single in its own right, which did not chart, it was later featured as the B-Side to Slade's 1981 hit single "Lock Up Your Daughters".
Side two
"I'm a Rocker" is a cover of the Chuck Berry track. To promote the album in Belgium, a Belgian film crew recorded the band performing the song at Portland Studios in London. The song was released as a single in Belgium in 1980, peaking at number one there. The song originally came to Holder's attention when it was played on Radio One by DJ Annie Nightingale. In a 1980 interview, Holder said: "I really liked it [and] mentioned to the others in the band that I'd heard a really great Chuck Berry number". After spending time trying to get hold of a copy of the song, Holder obtained the album of the same name from an import shop. Holder revealed: "After listening to it, we started to play it live on stage, first of all just as a jam at the end of the set. Then one night we went into the studio, we'd been all over the pub, and we had half an hour left at the end of a session, and we decided to record it, and we got it down in one take. The feel is there in that song, it's us, Slade – it's what we are all about."
"Nuts Bolts and Screws" is another rock-based track which AllMusic states ranks among the band's best work. "My Baby's Got It", is a track influenced by rock 'n' roll and boogie rock. "I'm Mad" is an acoustic-based track which portrays a man who is in thrall with his fantasies and dreams. Record Mirror stated that the song "is the nearest thing to a hit single with its jump along beat and pure sixties chord changes." "Lemme Love into Ya" is a minor-key ballad which became a regular inclusion in the band's live set-list. Record Mirror noted the song's "backwards tremeloed guitar intro" and "very ambient sound". The song was later re-worked into the song "Poland", which Lea recorded as a solo venture under the name Greenfields of Tong. His version was released as a single in 1982. "Lemme Love into Ya" was voted #2 of the top three Slade album tracks in the Slade Fan Club Poll of 1979.
"Ginny, Ginny" was released in May of that year, vaguely feted as the lead single from the album (despite coming out five months in advance of the album itself). The single failed to chart; however, according to the official Slade fan club newsletter of the time, the track had entered the UK best sellers Top 200 chart. The song was originally named "Jeanie Jeanie" and was issued on a yellow vinyl as a single in hope of interesting buyers. Lea also recorded his own version of the song with his brother Frank as part of his side-project The Dummies. Recorded during 1979–80, it was later released in 1991 on A Day in the Life of the Dummies, an album that gathered The Dummies' recordings.
Title and packaging
The album title is a line from the album's song "Sign of the Times". In response to how the album's title was decided, Hill said the band "had a whole list of suggestions for the title, and Return To Base is from one of the lines in the song "Sign of the Times". In the November–December 1979 fan club magazine, it was stated that the album's title also described the band's actions of the time. Both Lea and Hill lived in Wolverhampton while Holder and Powell lived in London. By the album's release, all members were living in Wolverhampton.
Dressed in a plain red sleeve with the stark black title in a battered typeface, the album cover was intended to reflect a no-nonsense, back-to-basics, "never-say-die" attitude, although it was noted that "it ended up looking as threadbare as much of the public assumed Slade to be." Upon asking if the album's artwork had been designed, Hill replied "It's still being done, but I understand that it is going to have a photo of a ticker-tape message on the front saying "Return To Base", in computer-like lettering. But it should be a very basic cover – so that it ties in with the "basic" reference in the title."
Release
The album was released on their manager Chas Chandlers' label Barn Records on 1 October 1979 in the United Kingdom, over two and a half years since their previous studio release, Whatever Happened to Slade, which was their first album on the label.
Commercial performance
In the United Kingdom, the album continued the band's commercial failures, and found no audience other than the band's already existing fan base. As with their previous album Whatever Happened to Slade, the album did not enter the UK Album Chart. Their seasonal party single "Okey Cokey", released in December 1979, also failed to enter the UK Singles Chart. A similar fate greeted the 12-inch extended play, Six of the Best, released in June 1980. The EP, priced at the cheap price of £1.49, contained three tracks from Return to Base and three new tracks.
The album saw success in Belgium in 1980, reaching No. 1 on the albums chart. As the album was not available in Belgium, fans in the country originally had to buy the album as an import. The album soon climbed to No. 1 on the Telemoustique chart, a weekly rock chart compiled by public votes. It also topped the Belgian radio station Impedance's daily chart on several occasions. As a result of the interest in the album, the album was released in the country by Warner Bros. in 1980. The album climbed to number one there, as did the Belgian-only single "I'm a Rocker.
In a 1980 fan club interview, Noddy Holder spoke of the success in Belgium: "What happened in Belgium was that Return to Base was available on import, and it started to climb the import charts. I don't know why, it was as much a surprise to us as it was to anybody. Warner Bros. Records then said to us, due to it starting to show some action, would we want to release it over there as a major release. We thought "why not?" – and now it's the number one album over there!" Speaking of "I'm a Rocker", Holder said: "That was the track getting the most airplay from the album. But it's not just a case of that applying in Belgium – we've had so many people writing to us asking why we've not released it as a single. "I'm a Rocker" is not even one of our songs though – it's a Chuck Berry number."
Initial critical reception
{{Album ratings
| rev1 = Sounds
| rev1Score =
| rev2 = Record Mirror| rev2Score =
| rev3 = Wolverhampton Express and Star| rev3Score = (positive)
| rev4 = Trouser Press| rev4Score = (positive)
}}
Shortly before the release of the album, the Slade fan club newsletter editor Dave Kemp stated how he felt on the rough copy he had heard. "Having heard the rough copy of it, all I can say is that it's amazing, totally different to anything Slade have done before, you'll love it."Slade News – Issue 6 – November–December 1979
At the time of release, professional reviews were overall mixed. Record Mirror stated: "Assuming that the title should be taken to mean that the group are trying to visit the territorial war grounds of their golden years in the singles charts I reckon they are in for a shock. I expect a little more than references to Big Brother, Stereo, Radio etc, in the otherwise catchy "Sign of the Times" and the reflection of "Born to Run" in "Wheels Ain't Coming Down". On "Nuts Bolts & Screws" and "My Baby's Got It" Slade start to rock, but there's nothing here to distinguish them from any other rocking combo. I wasn't expecting another "Cum On Feel the Noize" or "My Friend Stan" but just something a little more inspired. From a new band this would be a fairly good debut, from Slade I want more." Sounds were similar in their reception, writing: "Slade have managed to pull a fair to impressive performance out of the bag with this one. Sure to new wave lugs it sounds dated, but Return to Base still rocks like a good un', utilising standard rock 'n' roll/hard rock foundations for commendable displays of tightness and old time rock bite. Noddy's got one of the all time classic rock voices as he belts through ten steamy originals and one Chuck Berry cover. Slade may have stood still, but their own brand of rock shout clout still sounds good to these biased ears."
A more positive review came from Wolverhampton Express and Star: "Slade haven't had a big hit for some time now, but it would be silly to write them off just yet, to judge by their new album Return to Base. There is definitely a Sixties feel to some of the songs, though others are vintage Slade. Most striking thing about the album is its variety, for Slade have loosened up a bit for this one and included much more variety of mood. It certainly pays off. Another striking factor is the guitar playing of Dave Hill, who has really been allowed to branch out on this disc. In all, it's an album which will please Slade's still huge army of fans, both for its fidelity to the Slade sound and for its inventiveness and freshness." In May 1980, Jon Young of New York magazine Trouser Press reviewed the album and stated: "On Return to Base, seven of the eleven cuts connect in every possible way, for a batting average of .636. If it had been released in 1973, the classic "Nuts, Bolts and Screws" would've easily topped the UK charts. Okay, there's nothing here quite as wonderful as "Cum On Feel the Noize". But whose fault is that? This kind of music isn't meant for a vacuum! It's meant to be enjoyed! Give Slade some encouragement! You will be glad that you did!!"Slade Fan Club Magazine September–October 1980
The album was voted No. 2 of the top three Slade albums in the Slade Fan Club Poll of 1979.
Legacy and later reviews
In mid-1980, by which point the band were on the verge of disbanding, the band were offered to appear at Reading Festival in August 1980 in a last minute call-up. The band only had a couple of their road crew to help them on the day. Jim Lea recalled "We had to pay to park in the public area. With no roadies, we had to carry our own gear and there was even trouble getting into the backstage area." Despite the failure of Return to Base and the band's lack of success, the performance at the festival was a success and the band became popular once again. As a result of this success, several tracks from the album which the band considered the strongest reappeared on the band's next album, We'll Bring the House Down (1981), which successfully rejuvenated the band's successes, both critically and commercially.
A retrospective review from AllMusic noted that Return to Base "marks Slade's low ebb in terms of popularity and morale", and were mixed in their reception to the album, rating it two stars out of five and noting the album was "certainly not a high point for the band, but they kept on keepin' on, no matter how bad things got. Secure in the knowledge that practically no one had ever heard the thing, Slade eventually redid the record as We'll Bring the House Down, a fully realized project." In early 2010, Classic Rock considered the album "superior, reputation cementing" and wrote: "We'll Bring the House Down was cobbled together quickly after the band's Reading triumph, largely from the contents of their previous (overlooked) album, Return to Base." Colin Harper of Record Collector said: "Searching for the UK zeitgeist, 1979's now abjectly obscure Return to Base ironically had a pleasingly diverse, reinvigorated musical palette."
The album was re-released on CD in Germany in 1997 by RCA and BMG, and was remastered for another CD release in Japan in 2006 by Air Mail Recordings in their Archive series as part of the band's band catalogue remasters there from the label. However, the album was not remastered for its own album release in 2007 for the UK "Feel the Noize: Slade Remastered" series unilke the rest of their studio albums. Instead, the songs from the album which did not also appear on We'll Bring This House Down (1981) were remastered as bonus tracks for that album's remaster. Thus Return to Base'' remains the only Slade album never released in the UK on CD, or re-released on any other format.
Track listing
Charts
Personnel
Slade
Noddy Holder – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, producer
Dave Hill – lead guitar, backing vocals, producer
Jim Lea – bass, piano, synthesizer, backing vocals, producer
Don Powell – drums, percussion, backing vocals, producer
Additional personnel
Andy Miller – engineer
Dave Garland, Mark O'Donoughue – assistant engineers
George Peckham – cutting engineer
Eric Massey – art direction
References
Slade albums
1979 albums
Albums produced by Noddy Holder
Albums produced by Jim Lea
Albums produced by Dave Hill
Albums produced by Don Powell |
4002246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fortune%20Battle%20of%20the%20Corporate%20Bands | Fortune Battle of the Corporate Bands | The Fortune Battle of the Corporate Bands is an annual music competition for amateur company-sponsored bands in the United States, Europe and Australia. Created in 2001, the contest's proceeds benefit the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in Cleveland, Ohio, which also serves as the location for the final round of the competition. The Fortune Battle of the Corporate Bands is presented through a partnership with Fortune magazine and the Hall of Fame, and is sponsored by the NAMM Foundation (National Association of Music Merchants), Gibson Guitars, Marshall Fridge and Fender Premium Audio.
The competition is sometimes billed as a "celebration of musicians with day jobs". As of 2013, a requirement is that all participants must be employees of the submitting company.
Contest origin and purpose
The Battle of the Corporate Bands was developed as a joint effort between Fortune magazine and the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum to enhance the museum's profile in the business community. The two executives most responsible for its creation were Kip Meyer, director of integrated programs for Fortune and Fortune Small Business magazines, and Steve Dobo, director of sponsorships and promotions at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame.
The competition serves multiple purposes. First, it serves as a fundraiser for the museum's Educational Fund. In the 2007 contest, each entrant submitted a $200 entry fee, and each finalist's company donated $7,300 to take part in the final round. The museum also earns contributions from the competition's corporate sponsors and from ticket sales.
The contest also provides increased exposure to the companies which sponsor the bands, via the media attention generated by the contest, and via recaps of the contest that appear in Fortune.
Contest format
The contest entry process begins early in the year, when bands submit a three-song CD to a panel of judges, typically due in late April. During the first three years of the contest, this panel selected the eight national finalists. For every year since then, the judging panel selects 18 US bands to participate in one of three qualifying US regional "Battles" which are held in the summer. Locations for the US regional contests vary from year to year—the 2007 regionals were held in Nashville, Tennessee, Los Angeles, and Austin, Texas. In 2008 a European regional was added for the first time, in London, UK. Six bands from around Europe are selected for the European regional.
At each regional event, each of the six bands performs a 20-minute set. The judges then choose two finalists from each US regional, plus the one winner of the European regional. After all of the regionals have been completed, the judges choose an additional one or two bands as "wild card" finalists, typically making eight finalists in all.
In some years, a finalist is included from Australia. Since 2004, Telstra, an Australian telecommunications and information services company, has sponsored their own national competition, called RockInc. The winner of RockInc is automatically entitled to a spot in the Fortune competition final.
On the day of the finals, held at the Rock and Roll Hall of Fame in October, each band performs a 30-minute non-judged showcase for the public during the day. That evening, each band plays a 15-minute set for a panel of music industry judges. The judges will then select a winner, dubbed "The Best Corporate Band in America" for that year, along with 2nd and 3rd-place winners.
Contest awards
Members of the winning band receive an expenses-paid trip to the annual NAMM Show, where they will be a featured performer. In 2007, Continental Airlines also awarded two airline tickets for each member of the winning band. The band also has its name and photo displayed at the Rock Hall of Fame for one year as part of a permanent exhibit honoring the event. The winning band also receives a "gold record" trophy, along with varsity jackets embroidered with their band's name and the contest logo. First-place bands are not allowed to enter the competition again.
Awards are also given to individuals for Best Guitarist, Best Bass Player, Best Keyboardist, Best Vocalist, Best Horn and Best Drummer.
Results
Trivia
In the same year (2003) Fleet Capital Leasing's the Residuals won "Best Band" honors, lead vocalist Howard Merritt won a near-record amount on NBC's primetime game show The Weakest Link.
Just three weeks before his win for Best Horn in 2007, Grey's Matt Caporaletti was a champion on the TV game show Jeopardy!.
References
External links
Fortune Battle of the Corporate Bands - official contest website
"Fan's Choice Award" webpage on cnn.com - "Fan's Choice Award" website
RockInc - Official website of the Australia competition
Music competitions in the United States
Rock and Roll Hall of Fame
Music competitions in Australia |
4002253 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Francis%20Hearne | George Francis Hearne | George Francis Hearne (1851–1931) was an English first-class cricketer.
He was the son of Tom Hearne and played once for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) in 1882. He became the long-serving MCC pavilion clerk at Lord's.
See also
The Hearne family
External links
Cricinfo
Cricket Archive
1851 births
1931 deaths
English cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers |
5397849 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Maysh | Jeff Maysh | Jeff Maysh (born 30 March 1982, Nassau, Bahamas) is a British-American writer, author and journalist based in Hollywood, California.
Journalism
Maysh started his career at the British men's magazine Loaded. He moved to America in 2010 to cover international crime, for publications including The Atlantic.
As a correspondent for the BBC, Maysh became the first journalist to enter the notorious Korydallos prison, near Athens. His profile of prisoner Vassilis Paleokostas, a Greek bank robber who escaped from the prison in a helicopter, twice, was published on the BBC News Magazine on 25 September 2014.
His story about Steve Davies, a mythical soccer fan who scored a goal for West Ham United, was listed in the notable section of 'Best American Sports Writing 2014', and voted number one in a poll of 'greatest ever soccer stories'.
In May 2015, Paramount Pictures acquired the movie rights to Maysh's story The Wedding Sting. According to a report in Variety, bidding became 'competitive' among Hollywood studios for the true account of a rural Michigan police department that trapped drug dealers with a fake wedding. The story was first published in The Atlantic.
In 2016, Maysh won 'Best Crime Reporting' and 'Best Feature (over 1,000 words)' at the 58th Annual Southern California Journalism Awards. Both awards recognised his story in Playboy about a Michigan farmer who ran a $4million smuggling operation involving counterfeit Pez dispensers.
His 2016 book Handsome Devil is about Victor Lustig, while the following year's The Spy With No Name is about Erwin van Haarlem, a Czechoslovak spy.
In 2018, Maysh published an 8,900-word article on a major fraud involving the McDonald's Monopoly promotion on The Daily Beast. This story of a former police officer who stole $20 million in cash and prizes became the subject of a bidding war in Hollywood. The sale of the movie rights to Ben Affleck, Matt Damon, and Twentieth Century Fox for $1 Million was reported by The Hollywood Reporter as the highest fee ever paid for a single magazine article.
Bibliography
References
External links
Living people
1982 births
English male journalists
British expatriates in the United States
People from Nassau, Bahamas
People from Hollywood, Los Angeles |
5397856 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%9Altimo%20Volume | Último Volume | Último Volume (Portuguese for Last Volume) is a book by Miguel Esteves Cardoso, published in 1991.
The book comprises 41 chronicles, which are independent from each other, and deal with many aspects of quotidian life and politics. Some of them are widely quoted around the Internet, like Uma Família Feliz (A Happy Family), which proposes a model of family in which its members live in separate houses, or Em Nome do Amor Puro (In the Name of Pure Love).
Portuguese non-fiction books
1991 non-fiction books |
5397872 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20Dance%20%28band%29 | Ghost Dance (band) | Ghost Dance were a British gothic rock and post-punk band formed in 1985 by Gary Marx (ex-Sisters of Mercy guitarist) and Anne-Marie Hurst (ex-Skeletal Family vocalist) as both were leaving their respective bands. The band were originally signed to Nick Jones' record label, Karbon Records, then were later signed to the major label Chrysalis Records, before splitting up in 1989. In 2019, the band reformed with Anne-Marie Hurst being joined by new members, Tim Walker - guitar, Stephen Derrig - guitar, Phil Noble - bass, Dave Wood - drums and began work on new material. Reunion shows followed in the UK and the band signed to Voltage Records for a new album release in 2022
Members
Gary Marx – guitars (1985–1989)
Anne-Marie Hurst – vocals (1985–1989, 2019 - present)
Paul "Etch" Etchells – bass (1985–1989)
Steve Smith – guitars (1985–1986)
Richard Steel – guitars (1986–1989)
John Grant – drums (1986–1989)
Tim Walker – guitar (2019 - present)
Dave Wood – drums (2019 - present)
Phil Noble – bass (2019 - present)
Stephen Derrig – guitar (2020 - present)
History
"River of No Return"
Bassist Paul Etchells was hired, and with a drum machine nicknamed 'Pandora', the band set about releasing their debut 12" single, "River of No Return", featuring a cover of Roxy Music's song "Both Ends Burning". By Marx's own admission, the sound quality was poor. Nevertheless, the single was released in early 1986.
"Heart Full of Soul"
The second single to be released was "Heart Full of Soul", a cover of The Yardbirds' song. It was backed with a cover of Golden Earring's hit single "Radar Love". The 12" version of the single had a silver sleeve instead of the pale blue of the 7" single, as well as a bonus track on the A-side, a cover of Suzi Quatro's "Can The Can".
Steve Smith from Red Lorry Yellow Lorry had been helping the band live and occasionally in the studio, and on this single, contributed by adding backing vocals and extra guitars. After recording this single, he played some more gigs, until his final one in Wolverhampton, when he left the band to concentrate on his own project, Riprize.
The drums on this single were programmed by Etch, rather than Marx.
"The Grip of Love"
"The Grip of Love" was the third single by Ghost Dance to be released in 1986. With the departure of Steve Smith, new guitarist Richard Steel played on this single. The 7" single A-side was "The Grip of Love (Bombay Mix)", and the B-side was "Where Spirits Fly". The 12" single omitted "Where Spirits Fly", and added "Last Train" to the A-side, and "A Deeper Blue" and "The Grip of Love (A Cheaper Blues Version)" to the B-side. All the tracks on the 12" version are in the key of D minor, hence the subtitle to the single "Suite in D Minor". The single's producer, Richard Mazda, also played harmonica on the "Cheaper Blues Version".
Leaving Karbon
In 1987, Ghost Dance released their final Karbon EP, A Word to the Wise. They had recruited drummer John Grant, with Daniel Mass from ex-Merciful Release band Salvation providing backing vocals on the A-side track "When I Call". This track was recorded in Amazon Studios, proving to be the most financially demanding track the band had recorded. Nevertheless, it was one of the first tracks the band had written.
The second A-side track was "Fools Gold" (written by Etch, one of the few tracks in Ghost Dance's discography not written by Marx), and the two B-sides were "Cruel Light" and "Holding On". Despite the success of "A Word to the Wise", the band had reached the end of their time with Karbon Records. The final release on Karbon was Gathering Dust, a compilation album of all the singles they had released to date. After leaving Karbon, their tour manager Simon "Sparky" Parker became their manager, and succeeded in securing Ghost Dance a recording contract with Chrysalis Records.
Chrysalis Records
The first release on Chrysalis was the single "Down to the Wire", which peaked at No. 66 in the UK Singles Chart in June 1989. The various issues of the singles included a live "Gathering Dust Medley" for the B-side. This was a live recording of "The Grip of Love" / "Last Train" / "Celebrate". A promotional German release of this single was released as 'Introducing Ghost Dance'. The band released their debut album, Stop the World (some copies coming with a bonus live 12" single), despite the tensions in the band growing. The label had wanted a re-recording of the early song "Celebrate", to be a new single, despite the label ignoring the fact that there had been a version of "Celebrate" on the B-side of the previous single.
The single's reception was "disastrous", and despite demoing new songs, such as "Rock It" and "Adrift Without You" with new manager Chris Cooke, the band slowly disintegrated, playing their final concert in Amsterdam, on 4 December 1989.
1990–present
As of 2009, Hurst had returned to music, potentially playing old Ghost Dance songs.
Marx was in contact with Andrew Eldritch in 1995, and wrote several tracks for a studio collaboration, but never heard from Eldritch again. In 2005, Marx released the tracks as the album 1995 and Nowhere. He has also released his own debut album Pretty Black Dots and attempted to reissue Gathering Dust as a remastered CD-R, but it was soon withdrawn.
Copies of Ghost Dance releases are no longer available. Stop the World occasionally appears on eBay, with the comparably scarcer CD issue often selling for over £40 (the exception is the reissue from Cherry Red Records can still be purchased direct, at retail price).
The official Ghost Dance website contains several mp3s of unreleased and rare songs, with extra tracks for forum members.
In 2019 Hurst formed a new version of Ghost Dance with ex-Harlequyn members Tim Walker, Dave Wood and Phil Noble - joined later by Stephen Derrig of Original Sin. All four new members played several gigs as support to the original Ghost Dance line-up in the late 1980's. The new Ghost Dance signed to Voltage Records for an album release in 2022.
Discography
References
External links
Ghost Dance official website
Gary Marx official website
Ghost Dance 2021 official website
English gothic rock groups
Post-punk groups from Leeds
Death rock groups
Female-fronted musical groups
Musical groups established in 1985
Musical groups disestablished in 1989
Chrysalis Records artists
1985 establishments in England |
5397886 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnegat%20Lighthouse%20State%20Park | Barnegat Lighthouse State Park | Barnegat Lighthouse State Park is located on the northern tip of Long Beach Island in Ocean County, New Jersey, United States. The area where the lighthouse stands was regarded as one of the most important navigational points for ships bound to and from New York Harbor. The ships were dependent upon the Barnegat Lighthouse to avoid the shoals extending from the shoreline. The fast currents, shifting sandbars, and offshore shoals challenged sailors. The park is included as a maritime site on the New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail. The park is operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry.
Barnegat Lighthouse
The lighthouse is a popular tourist site due to its view of the surrounding areas. The lighthouse is open from Memorial Day to Labor Day (weather permitting).
Trails
The Maritime Forest Trail is a 1/5-mile long, self-guided loop trail through maritime forest on Long Beach Island. The trail is classified as easy to moderate.
Historical sites
The Barnegat Lighthouse Interpretive Center is open to those wishing to learn the history and environment surrounding the Barnegat Lighthouse.
References
Website for the Barnegat Lighthouse State Park from the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP)
National Park Service's website for The New Jersey Coastal Heritage Trail Route
Barnegat Light, New Jersey
Parks in Ocean County, New Jersey
State parks of New Jersey
IUCN Category III |
5397895 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brixton%20Road | Brixton Road | Brixton Road is a road in the London Borough of Lambeth (south London, England), leading from the Oval at Kennington to Brixton, where it forms the high street and then forks into Effra Road and Brixton Hill at St Matthew's church at the junction with Acre Lane and Coldharbour Lane. Brixton Market is located in Electric Avenue near Brixton Underground station and in a network of covered arcades adjacent to the two railway viaducts. The market arcades were declared listed buildings in 2009 following controversial proposals by Lambeth Council to replace them with a large US-style mall. The former "Brixton Oval" is at the southern end with Lambeth Town Hall, the Ritzy Cinema, the Brixton Tate Library (with a statue of Henry Tate outside) and St Matthew's church. The space was renamed Windrush Square in 2010, in honour of the area's early Caribbean migrants and the , which in 1948 brought 492 passengers from Jamaica to London.
Brixton Road dates back to the Roman era when it was part of the London to Brighton Way. The River Effra used to be visible near Lambeth Town Hall, but is now underground, serving as a storm drain. Fronting Brixton Road at the north end is the Neo-Byzantine style Christ Church, opened in 1902. For much of its length Brixton Road remains lined by Regency period terraces of houses that once made a virtually continuous frontage from Kennington to Brixton. These had become semi-derelict by the 1970s when some were replaced, but many were refurbished by the Greater London Council, mostly as social housing.
Brixton Road is part of the A23.
In the 1887 detective novel A Study in Scarlet, an abandoned house off the Brixton Road is the very first of the numerous crime scenes appearing in the Sherlock Holmes books and stories.
See also
Brixton riot (1981)
References
External links
Then and Now: Brixton Road, looking north from Effra Road
LondonTown.com information
Streets in the London Borough of Lambeth
Brixton |
4002261 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine%20skiing%20at%20the%201952%20Winter%20Olympics | Alpine skiing at the 1952 Winter Olympics | At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, the six alpine skiing events were held from Thursday, 14 February, to Wednesday, 20 February. The downhill and giant slalom events were held at Norefjell in Krødsherad, Buskerud, and the slalom events at Rødkleiva in Oslo.
The giant slalom made its Olympic debut, and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades, until 1988. It returned as a medal event at the World Championships two years later in 1954, and for the concurrent World Championships in Olympic years from 1956 through 1980. For fourteen World Championships (1954–1980), the combined was a "paper race," using the results from the three events (and required the completion of each).
Medal summary
Men's events
Women's events
Medal table
Course information
Source:
Participating nations
Twenty-eight nations sent alpine skiers to compete in the events in Oslo.
References
External links
International Olympic Committee results database
FIS-Ski.com – results – 1952 Winter Olympics – Oslo, Norway
FIS-Ski.com – results – 1952 World Championships – Oslo, Norway
1952 Winter Olympics events
Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics
1952 in alpine skiing
Alpine skiing competitions in Norway |
4002287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Curlz | Curlz | Curlz is a whimsical OTF display typeface designed by Carl Crossgrove and Steve Matteson in 1995 for Agfa Monotype. While decorative and without a historical model, the face bears comparison with the Emigre foundry's 1991 typeface Remedy, designed by Frank Heine.Curlz is a different typeface than most popular and common typefaces, characterized by it's wavy strokes and swirls at the beginning or end of letters. Some people think that Curlz should not be used in the text, because it would look very unprofessional.
Curlz was designed as a casual, decorative on typeface that can make people feel relaxed and energetic.
TTF version
A TrueType version of Curlz shipped as part of the original Microsoft Project font set, and with Microsoft Office for Macintosh.
See also
Samples of display typefaces
Monotype
References
Monotype typefaces
Display typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1995
Typefaces designed by Steve Matteson
Agfa |
4002312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sulaiman%20of%20Selangor | Sulaiman of Selangor | Sultan Sir Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah Ibni Al-Marhum Raja Musa (11 September 1863 – 31 March 1938) was the fifth Sultan of Selangor from 1898 until 1938. He was previously known as Raja Sulaiman before being crowned Sultan.
Sultan Sulaiman was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) in 1912 and later the Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George (GCMG) in 1929 by the United Kingdom with the title Sir.
The Sultan's rule was marked by Selangor joining the Federated Malay States, a federation of four protectorates in the Malay Peninsula, including Perak, Negeri Sembilan and Pahang, established by the British government in 1895, which lasted until 1946.
It was during Sultan Sulaiman's reign that Istana Alam Shah was built in 1905. The Sultan went on to live in the palace for 35 years until his death in 1938.
Succession dispute
Sultan Alaeddin Sulaiman Shah had many children, his first three sons in chronological order being Tengku Musa Eddin, Tengku Badar Shah and Tengku Alam Shah. The first two sons were children by his royal consort, Tengku Ampuan Maharum binti Tengku Dhiauddin of the royal house of Kedah. In 1903, Tengku Musa Eddin had been made Tengku Mahkota and was promoted to Raja Muda or heir apparent in 1920.
However, at the instigation of the British Resident, Theodore Samuel Adams (1885–1961; in office 1935 - 1937), Tengku Musa Eddin was dismissed as Raja Muda in 1934 for alleged "misbehaviour". Adams had accused Tengku Musa Eddin as a spendthrift and wastrel with a penchant for gambling. However, many Malays in Selangor believed the real reason for Tengku Musa Eddin's dismissal was his refusal to follow Adam's orders.
Although Sultan Sulaiman pleaded for the case of Tengku Musa Eddin (even petitioning the Secretary of State for the Colonies and discussing the issue directly with him in London), Tengku Alam Shah was instead proclaimed Raja Muda heir to the throne over the head of his other half-brother Tengku Badar. The appointment occurred on 20 July 1936.
Tengku Alam Shah was proclaimed Sultan on 4 April 1938, four days after the death of Sultan Sulaiman. On 26 January 1939, he was crowned at Istana Mahkota Puri in Klang. Tengku Musa Eddin, then Tengku Kelana Jaya Putera, presided over the ceremony with no ill feelings.
Marriages and issue
Sulaiman married eleven times, and has overall 44 issues; 26 sons and 18 daughters.
He first married Tengku Ampuan Paduka Seri Negara Tunku Maharum binti Tunku Ziauddin @ Tengku Kudin of Kedah, his first cousin, on 15 March 1891 until her death on 1908. She became his royal consort. They had four children together, one son and four daughters. Their four daughters received the title Tengku Puteri after his coronation to the throne on 4 November 1903. Their only son became the seventh Sultan of Selangor.
Musa Ghiatuddin Riayat Shah of Selangor (born 1893, died 1955)
Tengku Puteri Maheran (born 1894, died 1981)
Tengku Puteri Fatimah (born 1896, died 1968)
Tengku Puteri Arfah (born 1898, died 1961)
Tengku Puteri Zaharah, Tengku Permaisuri Langkat (born 1899, died 1982)
He secondly married Cik Hasnah @ Aminah binti Pilong 1895. They were blessed with four children, two son and two daughters. Their second son became the sixth Sultan of Selangor, and the second Yang di-Pertuan Agong of Malaysia.
Tengku Badar Shah, Tengku Bendahara (born 1893, died 1945)
Tengku Badariah (born 1896, died 1937)
Hisamuddin of Selangor (born 1898, died 1960)
Tengku Salwa, Tengku Puan Panglima Diraja (born 1901, died 1972)
He then married his third consort, Cik Sofia binti Abdul Ghani on 1899. They had no children together.
His fourth marriage is to Cik Rogayah binti Muhammad Amin, c. 1908. The marriage ended with her death on 1909. The couple only has one child, a son.
Tengku Abdul Aziz Shah, Tengku Indera Setia Diraja (born 1909, died 1922)
He married Cik Chik binti Abdullah c. 1908 (d. 11 June 1949) as his fifth wife. They have seven children, three sons and four daughters. They also adopted a daughter.
Tengku Khadijah (born 1909, died 2001)
Tengku Ahmad Alham Shah, Tengku Pahlawan Diraja (born 1911, died 1991)
Tengku Muhammad Khalid Shah, Tengku Indera Bijaya Diraja (born 1914)
Tengku Safiah (born 1923)
Tengku Mahyun (born 1924, died in childhood)
Tengku Yaacob Shah (born 1925, died 1959)
Tengku Aziah (born 1926)
Cik Uteh Surau binti Abdullah (adopted)
He married Tengku Ampuan Raja Zubaidah binti Abdul Jalil of Perak on May 1910, and she became his second royal consort. The marriage didn't last long as she died only eight years after the marriage on 17 October 1918. The couple have six children, four sons and two daughters.
Tengku Zainal Karib Shah, Tengku Panglima Besar (born 1911, died 1984)
Tengku Zainal @ Zainon Rashid Shah, Tengku Seri Paduka Diraja (born 1913, died 1989)
Tengku Nur Ashiha (born 1914)
Tengku Nur Aishah (born 1915, died 1962)
Tengku Ibrahim Shah, Tengku Seri Wangsa Diraja (born 1916)
Tengku Idris Shah, Tengku Seri Paduka Shah Bandar (born 1918)
He married for the seventh time c. 1910, to Cik Anjung Negara Maimunah binti Abdullah. They have five children, four sons and a daughter. Their eldest son died in infancy.
Tengku Ibrahim
Tengku Raihani (born 1911, died 1993)
Tengku Muhammad Uzab @ Muzab Shah, Tengku Perdana Diraja (born 1915)
Tengku Abdul Halim Shah, Tengku Seri Maharaja Diraja (born 1918, died 1985)
Tengku Mahmud Shah (born 1925)
He married his eighth wife Cik Puri Negara Bidayah binti Ahmad c. 1912. They have five children together, three sons and two daughters.
Tengku Akram Shah, Tengku Seri Asmara Diraja (born 1913)
Tengku Zahariah (born 1916)
Tengku Shaharuddin Shah, Tengku Seri Andika Diraja (born 1918)
Tengku Muhammad Tahir (born 1923)
Tengku Shaharul Bariah (born 1924)
In September 1921, he married Tengku Ampuan Paduka Seri Negara Raja Fatimah binti Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah of Perak who became his third royal consort. They have five children, two sons and three daughters.
Tengku Nur Saadah (born 1922)
Tengku Nur Anwar (born 1924)
Tengku Nur Ashikin Khaladiah (born 1925, died 2013)
Tengku Muhammad Yusuf Shah, Tengku Arif Temenggong (born 1926, died 2018)
Tengku Abdul Rahman (born 1927)
He married Tengku Besar Seri Negara Raja Mariam @ Bulat binti Raja Ahmad c. 1925. They have four children, all of them are male.
Tengku Abdul Jalil Shah, Tengku Seri Perkasa (born 1926)
Tengku Abdul Murad Shah (born 1928)
Tengku Abdul Hamid Shah (born 1930)
Tengku Abdul Samad Shah (born 1933)
He married for the eleventh and the last time c. 1933 to Cik Johari binti Abdullah. She bore their last two sons.
Tengku Harun Shah (born 1934)
Tengku Azlan Shah (born 1936)
Legacy
Several places have been named after him, including:
Sulaiman Building, Kuala Lumpur, formerly housing the Syariah Court of Malaysia, presently the Asian International Arbitration Centre
Sultan Sulaiman Mosque in Klang, Selangor
Alaeddin Mosque (Jugra, Malaysia)
Kolej Sultan Alaeddin Suleiman Shah, a residential college at Universiti Putra Malaysia, Serdang, Selangor
SMK Sultan Sulaiman Shah, a secondary school in Bestari Jaya, Selangor
Jalan Sultan Sir Alaeddin Suleiman Shah in Shah Alam, Selangor
Notes
References
Sources
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
Malaysian people of Bugis descent
1863 births
1938 deaths
Sultans of Selangor
19th-century monarchs in Asia |
4002315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jugular%20fossa | Jugular fossa | The jugular fossa is a deep depression in the inferior part of the temporal bone at the base of the skull. It lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein.
Structure
The jugular fossa is located in the temporal bone, posterior to the carotid canal and the cochlear aqueduct.
In the bony ridge dividing the carotid canal from the jugular fossa is the small inferior tympanic canaliculus for the passage of the tympanic branch of the glossopharyngeal nerve.
In the lateral part of the jugular fossa is the mastoid canaliculus for the entrance of the auricular branch of the vagus nerve.
Behind the jugular fossa is a quadrilateral area, the jugular surface, covered with cartilage in the fresh state, and articulating with the jugular process of the occipital bone.
Variation
The jugular fossa has variable depth and size in different skulls.
Function
The jugular fossa lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein.
Clinical significance
Abnormally shaped jugular fossae may cause ear problems. If it lies close to the cochlea, it may cause tinnitus. A high jugular fossa may be linked to Ménière's disease.
See also
Fossa (anatomy)
Additional images
References
External links
Picture (#32 on third diagram)
Bones of the head and neck |
4002350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon%20Records | Moon Records | Moon Records may refer to:
Moon Records Ukraine, a Ukrainian record label
Moon Records (Canada), a former Canadian record label (1973–1974) mainly for Rush
Moon Records (Japan), a Japanese record label; see Tatsuro Yamashita
Moon Ska Records, a former American record label |
4002352 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WINX-FM | WINX-FM | WINX-FM (94.3 FM) is a radio station licensed to St. Michael's, Maryland, United States. The station is currently owned by Forever Media, through licensee FM Radio Licenses, LLC.
History
The station went on the air as WFBR on July 25, 1990. On July 7, 2002, the station changed its call sign to the current WINX-FM.
The call letters WINX were previously assigned to a station in Rockville, Maryland, from 1951.
References
External links
Cambridge, Maryland
INX-FM
Radio stations established in 1990
1990 establishments in Maryland |
4002364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SR%20USA%20class | SR USA class | The SR USA class are some ex-United States Army Transportation Corps S100 Class steam locomotives purchased and adapted by the Southern Railway (SR) after the end of the Second World War to replace the LSWR B4 class then working in Southampton Docks. SR staff nicknamed them "Yank Tanks".
Origins
The United States Army Transportation Corps built 382 S100 Class 0-6-0 tank engine for use in the Second World War. They were shipped to the British War Department in 1943, and stored awaiting the invasion of Mainland Europe. Most went overseas but some remained in store.
By 1946 the SR needed either to renew or replace the ageing B4, D1 and E1 class tanks used in Southampton Docks, but Eastleigh Works was not in a position to do so in a timely manner or at an economic price. The replacement locomotives would need to have a short wheelbase to negotiate the tight curves found in the dockyard, but be able to haul heavy goods trains as well as full-length passenger trains in the harbour area.
The railway’s Chief mechanical engineer, Oliver Bulleid therefore inspected the surplus War Department tank locomotives. The Hunslet Austerity 0-6-0ST locomotives stored at the Longmoor Military Railway proved to be unsuitable for dock work because of their wheelbase and inside cylinders, and also many of the survivors were in poor condition. However, the S100s stored at Newbury Racecourse had a wheelbase, outside cylinders and had hardly been used. Those available for sale had been built by the Vulcan Iron Works of Wilkes-Barre Pennsylvania and H. K. Porter, Inc, of Pittsburgh.
Bulleid therefore took Vulcan-built locomotive WD4236 on approval in May 1946 and tested it thoroughly over the next few months. When it was found to be suitable, this locomotive and a further thirteen were purchased in 1947 for £2500 each. Six of these had been built by Porter and the remainder by Vulcan. However, when it was discovered that there were differences in dimensions between the locomotives from different builders the SR exchanged its Porter built locomotives for Vulcans, but could only do so with five examples. The railway therefore accepted one Porter locomotive at a reduced price and purchased another to provide spare parts. Thus, the thirteen further locomotives entered traffic between April and November 1947 as soon as they had been adapted.
Construction and adaptation
Following purchase, members of the class were fitted with steam heating, vacuum ejectors, sliding cab windows, additional lamp irons and new cylinder drain cocks. Further modifications became necessary once the locomotives started to enter traffic, including large roof-top ventilators, British-style regulators (as built they had US-style pull-out ones), three rectangular cab-front lookout windows, extended coal bunkers, separate steam and vacuum brake controls and wooden tip-up seats. This meant that it took until November 1947 for the entire class to be ready for work. Radio-telephones were later installed on the footplate to improve communication on the vast network of sidings at Southampton.
The class was allocated the British Railways (BR) power classification 3F following nationalisation in 1948.
Numbering
The original locomotive carried the War Department number 4326, and the subsequent purchase were numbered between 1264 and 1284 and between 1952 and 1973. Thirteen of the locomotives were re-numbered in a single sequence from 61–73 by SR but 4326 retained its War Department number. The locomotive used for spares was not numbered. After 1948 they were renumbered 30061–30074 by BR. Six examples were transferred to departmental (non-revenue earning) use in 1962/3 and renumbered DS233–DS238.
Livery
During the Second World War they were painted USATC black with white numbering and lettering 'Transportation Dept.' on the tank sides. Prior to nationalisation, the locomotives were painted in Southern black livery with 'Southern' in "Sunshine Yellow" lettering. The lettering on the tank sides was changed to 'British Railways' during 1948 as a transitional measure. Finally, the class was painted in BR Departmental Malachite livery, with BR crests on the water tank sides and numbers on the cab sides.
Operational details
For fifteen years the entire class was used for shunting and carriage and van heating in Southampton Docks. They performed well and were popular with the footplatemen, but the limited bunker capacity often necessitated the provision of relief engines for some of the longer duties. Two examples were fitted with extended bunkers to address this problem in 1959 and 1960, but a more ambitious plan to extend the frames and build larger bunkers was abandoned in 1960 due to the imminent dieselization of the docks. They also often suffered from overheated axleboxes which was less of a problem when shunting but prevented them from being used on longer journeys.
A more serious issue was the condition of the steel fireboxes originally fitted to the class which rusted and fatigued quickly. This was partly due to their construction under conditions of austerity, and the hard water present in the docks. This came to a head in 1951 when several had to be laid aside until new fireboxes could be constructed. Thereafter there were no further problems.
The class was replaced from their shunting duties at Southampton from 1962 by British Rail Class 07 diesel-electric shunters, when the first member of the class was withdrawn, but the remainder were still in fairly good condition. The survivors were used for informal departmental purposes such as providing steam heating at Southampton or shunting at Eastleigh Motive Power Depot, before the withdrawal. 30072 became the pilot locomotive at Guildford Motive Power Depot and continued to carry out this duty until the end of steam on the Southern in July 1967. Six examples were officially transferred to ‘departmental’ duties and renumbered. These went to Redbridge Sleeper Depot (DS233), Meldon Quarry (DS234), Lancing Carriage Works (DS235 and DS236), and Ashford wagon works (DS237 and DS238; where they were named Maunsell and Wainwright).
Nine examples remained in service until March 1967 and five of these survived until the end of steam on the Southern Region four months later. Two of these engines, 30065/DS237 and 30070/DS238, were sold to Woodham Brothers in South Wales in March of 1968. However, before they could make their journey, their bearings ran hot and were declared "unfit for travel" which lead to the two tank engines being dumped at Tonbridge. Five months later, they were taken to Rolvenden where they were purchased for preservation.
Stock list
Preservation
Four British examples of the USA class have been preserved:
30064 Bluebell Railway - ( stored at horsted Keynes Pending major overhaul last operational 1984 requires extensive boiler work no plans to overhaul as of 2022)
30065 Kent and East Sussex Railway - (Under overhaul)
30070 Kent and East Sussex Railway - (Operational) Returned to service in December 2017 following overhaul and outshopped in Longmoor Military Railway Lined Blue as No. 300 Frank S. Ross.
30072 Ribble Steam Railway - (Undergoing major boiler repairs)
Two locomotives built by the former Yugoslavian Railways to JŽ Class 62 design have been acquired for use at the Shillingstone Railway Project and given British liveries. There are minor technical differences.
*30075 (formerly 62-669 built 1960- (Undergoing overhaul)
*30076 (formerly 62-521 built 1954- Stored).
In fiction
An engine of this class appears in the Thomas & Friends TV series as Rosie.
References
Further reading
External links
Project 62 Project 62 - owners of 30075 and 30076
USA 0-6-0T Southern E-Group
SR USA Dock Tank SR "USA" class Dock Tank No.WD 1959 (BR 30064) Bluebell Railway
USA
USATC S100
0-6-0T locomotives
H. K. Porter locomotives
Vulcan Iron Works locomotives
Railway locomotives introduced in 1942
Standard gauge steam locomotives of Great Britain |
5397917 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianity%20in%20Morocco | Christianity in Morocco | Christians in Morocco constitute less than 1% of the country's population of 33,600,000 (2014 census). Most of the Christian adherents are Catholic and Protestants.
The U.S. State Department estimates the number of Moroccan Christians as more than 40,000. Pew-Templeton estimates the number of Moroccan Christians at 20,000. The number of the Moroccans who converted to Christianity (most of them secret worshippers) are estimated between 8,000–50,000. Since 1960 a growing number of Moroccan Muslims are converting to Christianity.
Criminal prohibitions
Article 3 of the Moroccan constitution "guarantees to all the free exercise of beliefs". However, the Moroccan criminal code prohibits conversions to other religions than Islam. Conversions of Muslims to Christianity (either proselytization or apostasy) often occurred during the colonial period, when laws against such conversions did not then exist.
According to Article 220 of the Moroccan Penal Code, "anyone who employs incitements to shake the faith of a Muslim or to convert him to another religion" incurs a sentence of three to six months' imprisonment and a fine of 200 to 500 dirhams. Any attempt to induce a Muslim to convert is illegal. Foreign missionaries either limit their proselytizing to non-Muslims or attempt to conduct their work discreetly. In spite of these limitations, a 2015 study estimates some 3,000 believers in Christ from a Muslim background.
History
Christianity in Morocco appeared during the Roman times, when it was practiced by Christian Berbers in Roman Mauretania Tingitana, although it disappeared after the Islamic conquests.
According to tradition, the martyrdom of St. Marcellus took place on 28 July 298 at Tingis (Tangier). Since the Tetrarchy (Emperor Diocletian's reform of governmental structures in 296), Mauretania Tingitana became part of the Diocese of Hispaniae (a Latin plural) and hence in the Praetorian Prefecture of the Gauls (Mauretania Caesariensis was in the diocese of Africa, in the other pretorian prefecture within the western empire), and remained so until its conquest by the Vandals. Lucilius Constantius is recorded as governor (praeses) in the mid to late fourth century.
Prior to independence, Morocco was home to half a million European Christian settlers. During the French protectorate in Morocco, European Christians formed almost half the population of the city of Casablanca. Since independence in 1956, the European population has decreased substantially.
Between the last years of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, an estimated 250,000 Spaniard Catholics lived in Morocco. Most Spaniards left Morocco after independence and their numbers were reduced to about 13,000.
Today the expatriate Christian community (Roman Catholic and Protestant) consists of 5,000 practicing members, although estimates of Christians residing in the country at any particular time range up to 25,000. Most Christians reside in the Casablanca, Tangier, and Rabat urban areas. The majority of Christians in Morocco are foreigners, although Voice of the Martyrs reports there is a growing number of native Moroccans (45,000) converting to Christianity, especially in the rural areas. Many of the converts are baptized secretly in Morocco's churches.
Roman Catholicism
There are around 30,000 Catholics in Morocco. Most of them are European expatriates, principally French and Spanish due to the country's historic ties to France and Spain. Another group is composed of Sub-Saharan immigrants, mainly students.
Anglicanism
While most areas of Africa (including eastern North Africa) have independent Anglican dioceses and provinces, the western part of North Africa, including the Anglican Church of Morocco, is part of the Diocese of Europe, which is itself part of the Province of Canterbury in the Church of England. There are two permanent chaplaincies, one in Casablanca and one in Tangier. Small groups of Anglicans have worshiped together in Marrakech, but there is no Anglican Church established here.
The Anglican Church of Saint Andrew, Tangier has become a tourist attraction, partly due to certain well-known figures buried in its churchyard. The church is an early twentieth-century replacement for an earlier smaller building, which was built with the express permission of the King of Morocco, on land donated by him.
The Anglican Church of St John the Evangelist, Casablanca, is centrally located, near to the Hyatt Regency, a landmark hotel in the city centre. It has a well-established congregation, and holds two services every Sunday morning to accommodate all worshipers. There is a catechetical programme for children.
Protestantism
On 27 March 2010, the Moroccan magazine TelQuel stated that thousands of Moroccans had converted to Christianity. Pointing out the absence of official data, Service de presse Common Ground, cites unspecified sources that stated that about 5,000 Moroccans became Christians between 2005 and 2010. According to different estimates, there are about 25,000–45,000 Moroccan Christians converted from Islam. A still higher estimate credits a Christian program by Brother Rachid with involvement in the conversion of many Muslims in North Africa and the Middle East to Christianity, including 150,000 in Morocco.
Eastern Orthodoxy
There are three functioning Eastern Orthodox churches in Morocco: a Greek Orthodox Church in Casablanca and Russian Orthodox Churches in Rabat and Casablanca.
See also
Arab Christians
Berber Christians
Islam in Morocco
Bahá'í Faith in Morocco
History of the Jews in Morocco
References and notes
Further reading
External links
CIPC - Casablanca International Protestant Church
MMC – Marrakech Monday Church
RIC – Rabat International Church
EEAM The Evangelical Church of Morocco
ECAM The Catholic Church in Morocco
AECAM Aumonerie des Etudiants Catholiques Au Maroc
Enseignement Catholique Au Maroc
Hiwarmaroc a site of Moroccan converts to Christianity.
Muslims Turn to Christ in Morocco – CBN Report
Christianity in the Arab world
Berber Christians |
4002365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jason%27s%20Lyric%20%28soundtrack%29 | Jason's Lyric (soundtrack) | Jason's Lyric (The Original Motion Picture Soundtrack) is the soundtrack to Doug McHenry's 1994 film Jason's Lyric. It was released on September 27, 1994 via Mercury Records. It spawned three singles: "If You Think You're Lonely Now", a cover of the Bobby Womack hit by Jodeci lead singer K-Ci, "Crazy Love" by Brian McKnight, and "U Will Know", a major collaboration from male R&B singers comprising Black Men United (BMU), written by future neo soul artist D'Angelo.
Many artists contributed to this effort, including: Aaron Hall, After 7, Al B. Sure!, Boyz II Men, Brian McKnight, Christopher Williams, D.R.S. Dirty Rotten Scoundrels, Damion Hall, El DeBarge, Gerald LeVert, H-Town, Ice-T, Joe, Keith Sweat, Lenny Kravitz (guitar), Joe N Little III Lil' Joe from The Rude Boys, Portrait, R. Kelly, Silk, Sovory, Stokley Williams, Tevin Campbell, Tony! Toni! Toné! (Raphael Wiggins and Dwayne Wiggins), Usher and Snoop Dogg
The album peaked at number 17 on the Billboard 200 and topped the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart.
Track listing
Notes
signifies a co-producer
signifies an additional producer
included Lenny Kravitz, Tevin Campbell, Gerald Levert, El DeBarge, Usher, R. Kelly, Brian McKnight, Boyz II Men, Melvin Edmonds, Keith Sweat, Raphael Saadiq, Christopher Williams, Joe and D'Angelo
Sample credits
Track 2 contains a replayed sample from "Jungle Boogie" by Ronald Bell, George Melvin Brown, Claydes Charles Smith, Robert Spike Mickens, Donald Boyce, Ricky Westfield, Dennis Thomas and Robert Bell
Track 4 contains samples from "God Lives Through" by A Tribe Called Quest
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
See also
List of Billboard number-one R&B albums of 1994
References
External links
1994 soundtrack albums
Hip hop soundtracks
Drama film soundtracks
Albums produced by N.O. Joe
Albums produced by Warren G
Albums produced by Eddie Kramer
Albums produced by Brian McKnight
Albums produced by Quincy Jones III
Albums produced by Narada Michael Walden
Albums produced by Mike Dean (record producer) |
4002381 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20Hearne | Herbert Hearne | Herbert Hearne (15 March 1862 – 13 June 1906) was an English professional cricketer. He was born at Chalfont St Giles in Buckinghamshire, the son of William Hearne who was considered a good local cricketer.
He played first-class cricket for Kent County Cricket Club as a fast bowler and right-handed batsman between 1884 and 1886. After being awarded his county cap in 1885 and making 25 appearances for Kent, he was forced the retire from cricket due to injury. He made one appearance for Shropshire County Cricket Club in a non-first-class match in 1893 while club professional for Newbold Royal and also played for Buckinghamshire. He was a member of the extended Hearne family of cricketers, his brothers J.T.Hearne and Walter Hearne being better known.
Hearne died at Chalfont St Giles in 1906 aged 44.
References
External links
1862 births
1906 deaths
English cricketers
Kent cricketers |
5397945 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20chiefs%20of%20the%20Seminoles | List of chiefs of the Seminoles | This is a list of chiefs of the Seminole, which includes military and civic leaders of the Seminole people, who today are enrolled in the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, Seminole Nation of Oklahoma, and Seminole Tribe of Florida
Leading chiefs (1750–1849)
There were four leading chiefs of the Seminole, a Native American tribe that formed in what was then Spanish Florida in present-day United States. They were leaders between the time the tribe organized in the mid-18th century until Micanopy and many Seminole were removed to Indian Territory in the 1830s following the Second Seminole War.
Cowkeeper, 1750-1783
King Payne, 1783-1812
Bolek, 1812-1819
Micanopy, 1819-1849
Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida
The Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida were recognized by the state of Florida in 1957, and gained federal recognition in 1962 as the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida.
ca. late 18th c.–1819: Kinache, also Kinhagee (ca. 1750–ca. 1819), the last chief of the Creek of Miccosukee, Florida, who was defeated in battle in 1818 by US forces commanded by General Andrew Jackson. Later Kinhagee's people migrated south, maintaining their local village name Miccosukee as the name of the tribe.
1962–1985: William Buffalo Tiger, also Buffalo Tiger or Heenehatche, (1920–2015), first chief of the Miccosukee Tribe of Indians of Florida, led initiatives for self-determination
1986–2011: Billy Cypress, tribal chairman
2011–2015: Colley Billie, tribal chairman, ousted in 2015
2015–2016: Roy Cypress Jr., interim tribal chairman
2015–present: Billy Cypress,
Seminole Nation of Oklahoma
1819–1849: Micanopy (ca. 1780–ca. 1849)
1849–: John Jumper (ca. 1820–1896), chief of Confederate faction of Seminole
1882–1885: John Jumper, chief
1866–1881: John Chupco (ca. 1821–1881), town chief, leader of Union faction of Seminoles, Hvteyievike Band
1885–1901: John F. Brown (1842–1919), governor, Tiger clan
1905–1919: John F. Brown, governor
1922–1935: Alice Brown Davis (1852–1935), chief
1935–1936: Chili Fish, chief
1936–1946: George Jones, chief
1942–1944: Willie Haney, chief
1944–1946: Jeffie Brown, principal chief
1948–1952: George Harjo (1886–1952), chief, Tvsekayv Haco Band, Bear Clan
1952–1954: Marcy Cully, Nokuse (1910–1954), chief
1955–1950: Phillip Walker, chief
1960–1969: John A. Brown, principal chief
1969–1972: Terry Walker, chief
1972–1973: Floyd Harjo, chief
1973–1977: Edwin Tanyan, chief
1977–1978: Richmond Tiger, chief
1978–1981: Tom Palmer, chief
1979–1985: James Milam, principal chief
1985–1989: Edwin Tanyan, chief
1989–2001: Jerry Haney, principal chief
2003–2005 : Kenneth Edwards Chambers, principal chief
2005–2009: Enoch Kelly Haney, principal chief
2009–2017: Leonard M. Harjo, principal chief
2017–Present: Greg P. Chilcoat, principal chief, Tusekia Harjo Band and Deer Clan
Seminole Tribe of Florida
1957–1966: Billy Osceola, inaugural holder.
1967–1971: Betty Mae Tiger Jumper, first and only chairwoman of the tribe, editor-in-chief of the Seminole Tribune, tribal communications director, and the last matriarch of the Snake clan. Jumper spoke English, Mikasuki, and Muskogee.
1971–1979: Howard Tommie, political leader and two-term chairman of Seminole Tribal Council who initiated programs in the 1970s, including accepting the U.S. land claim settlement; successfully negotiated with the State of Florida for water rights for the Seminole reservations, and establishment of tax-free smoke shops and high-stakes bingo as revenue generators. Tommie speaks English, Mikasuki, and Muskogee.
1979–2003: Jim Billie, suspended in 2001, officially removed in 2003. Billie chaired during an expansion of Indian gaming and increase in tribal wealth and economic development.
2003–2011: Mitchell Cypress
2011–2016: Jim Billie, re-elected and again removed by Seminole Tribal Council in a unanimous vote (4–0) on account of "various issues with policies and procedures of the Chairman's office."
2016–present: Marcellus Osceola Jr.
References
Titles and offices of Native American leaders
Lists of Native American people
Native American leaders |
5397957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christmas%20Eve/Sarajevo%2012/24 | Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24 | "Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24" is an instrumental medley of "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen" and "Shchedryk", first released on the Savatage album Dead Winter Dead in 1995 as "Christmas Eve (Sarajevo 12/24)." It was re-released by the Trans-Siberian Orchestra, a side project of several Savatage members, on their 1996 debut album Christmas Eve and Other Stories. The piece describes a lone cello player (based on Vedran Smailović) playing a forgotten Christmas carol in war-torn Sarajevo.
Composition
"Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24" consists of four sections, alternating between soft and loud, as well as between the two component pieces in the medley. Part one consists of "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen" performed on a cello, accompanied only by a picked electric guitar and a flute in round. After a short ritard, part two abruptly begins, with "Shchedryk" (recognizable in the English-speaking world as the melody from "Carol of the Bells") being played at full volume, full orchestration and the synthesizers and electric guitars taking lead melody. The time signature also abruptly shifts from cut time to a driving triple meter, which persists through the rest of the piece.
After a short transition, the third section consists of a piano solo, featuring motifs from both melodies being played simultaneously, with light string backing that builds through the section. The transition to the fourth and final section is again abrupt; the final section closely resembles the second, with "Shchedryk" being the central melody, again led by guitar and synthesizer with piano added. The coda consists of backing strings continuing softly after the fourth section ends, fading to a close.
Both of the tunes used in "Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24" were in the public domain in 1995: "Shchedryk" was released in 1918 (although the English lyrics to "Carol of the Bells," dating to 1936, were still under copyright and were not included in the recording), while "God Rest Ye Merry, Gentlemen" dated back several centuries.
Background and writing
Paul O'Neill explained the story behind Christmas Eve/Sarajevo 12/24 in an interview published on ChristianityToday.com:
The story is a slightly altered version of the real-life story of Vedran Smailović. Despite O'Neill's description of Smailović as "white-haired", he was only 36 years old during his 22-day vigil. Smailović did not actually play any Mozart or Beethoven pieces, but he did play Remo Giazotto's Adagio in G minor each day among the bombed ruins of Sarajevo in honor of each person killed in the bombing. He was not the only cellist who played through the siege; the Sarajevo String Quartet, which did have elderly members, were also noted for their continuous performances throughout the siege.
Chart performance and sales
On the week ending January 6, 1996, "Christmas Eve (Sarajevo 12/24)" (with the artist listed as "Savatage") both debuted and peaked at No. 34 on Billboard's Hot Adult Contemporary Track Chart. With the artist name changed to Trans-Siberian Orchestra, the song charted on the Billboard Hot 100 again in the first weeks of January 1997 and January 1998, peaking at No. 49 both times. The song also charted on Billboard's Hot Mainstream Rock Tracks chart on the week ending January 3, 1998, peaking at No. 29.
As of November 25, 2016, total sales of the digital track stand at 1,300,000 downloads according to Nielsen SoundScan, placing it third on the list of all-time best-selling Christmas/holiday digital singles in SoundScan history, falling short only to Mariah Carey's "All I Want for Christmas Is You" and the song "Do You Want to Build a Snowman?" from the movie Frozen.
References
Trans-Siberian Orchestra official website
CD jacket of Christmas Eve and Other Stories
Songs about Europe
1995 singles
Atlantic Records singles
Lava Records singles
Music medleys
Rock instrumentals
Savatage
Songs about the Siege of Sarajevo
Trans-Siberian Orchestra songs
Warner Music Group singles
1990s instrumentals |
5397961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartshill | Hartshill | Hartshill is a large village and civil parish in North Warwickshire, England, 2.5 miles (4 km) north–west of the town of Nuneaton. The parish borders the district of Nuneaton and Bedworth at the south, the North Warwickshire district parishes of Ansley at the south-west, Mancetter at the north-west, and Caldecote at the east, and the parish of Witherley in Leicestershire at the north-east from which it is separated by the A5 road. The village is north-west from the town centre of Nuneaton, to which it is conjoined. The market town of Atherstone is to the north-west.
At the 2001 Census, the civil parish of Hartshill had a population of 3,611, decreasing to 3,596 at the 2011 Census. The English poet Michael Drayton, who knew William Shakespeare, was born at Chapel Cottage in Hartshill Green in 1563. Michael Drayton Junior School in Hartshill bears his name. Other schools in the village include Hartshill Academy secondary school. The parish has five pubs: The Stag & Pheasant, Maltshovel, Royal Oak, the Hartshill Club, and The Anchor which is on the Coventry Canal. The Talyllyn Railway locomotive Midlander was purchased in 1957 from Jee's quarries at Hartshill.
References
Bibliography
External links
Photos of Hartshill and surrounding area on geograph
Villages in Warwickshire
Civil parishes in Warwickshire
Borough of North Warwickshire |
4002397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine%20skiing%20at%20the%201948%20Winter%20Olympics | Alpine skiing at the 1948 Winter Olympics | At the 1948 Winter Olympics in St. Moritz, Switzerland, the six alpine skiing events were held on Piz Nair from Monday, 2 February to Thursday, 5 February 1948.
After these games, the giant slalom was added and the combined event was dropped as an Olympic medal event for four decades, until 1988. From 1956 through 1980, the combined continued as an FIS medal event for the concurrent World Championships, using the results from three events, conducted as a "paper race."
Henri Oreiller of France earned a medal in all three events, with two golds and a bronze. Trude Beiser of Austria and Gretchen Fraser of the United States both won two medals, a gold and a silver each.
The first Olympics after World War II did not invite Germany or Japan.
Medal summary
Men's events
Source:
Women's events
Source:
Medal table
Source:
Course information
Participating nations
Twenty-five nations sent alpine skiers to compete. Despite being a part of the Axis until 1943, Italy was invited; Germany and Japan were excluded.
References
External links
Olympic.org – 1948 St. Moritz
Alpine skiing medalists
FIS-Ski.com – results – 1948 Winter Olympics
International Olympic Committee results database
1948 Winter Olympics events
Alpine skiing at the Winter Olympics
1948 in alpine skiing
Alpine skiing competitions in Switzerland |
5397965 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newa%20cuisine | Newa cuisine | Newa cuisine (also referred to as Newar cuisine) is a subset of Nepalese cuisine that has developed over centuries among the Newars of Kathmandu (Kathmandu is called Yen in Nepal Bhasa) in Nepal. Newa cuisine is the most celebrated food variety in the country that consists of over 200 dishes. It is more elaborate than most Nepalese cuisines because the Kathmandu Valley has exceptionally fertile alluvial soil and enough wealthy households to make growing produce more profitable than cultivating rice and other staples.
Food is the integral part of Newar culture. Different kind of foods are prepared for different occasions, considering the climate and nutritional needs for body. Newars are renowned for their sumptuous feasting. Dishes served during feasts and festivals have symbolic significance.
Lunch and dinner
Jā (boiled rice)
Meat dishes
Choila (ground buffalo meat)
Pālulā (buffalo meat and ginger curry)
Senlāmu (raw ground buffalo liver seasoned with spices)
Vegetable dishes
Tarkāri (vegetable curry)
Wāunchā (green vegetables)
Tukan:chā
Palācha
Shākechā
Chōlechā
Soups
Ken (lentil soup)
Simi (Beans)
Mi (Fenugreek )
Aai Ka (Remaining rice after preparing rice beer)
Choohon (Tama in Nepali) (bamboo shoot)
Relishes
losa (relish)
Lunch
Baji (beaten rice)
Chatānmari (rice flour crepe)
Chhusyā (parched wheat)
Gophuki (puffed rice)
Gwaramari (deep fried dough)
Hājā (Steamed rice)
Jākimari (rice flour pancake)
Kani (popcorn)
Kheyn Wo (fried egg)
Musyā (roasted soybean)
Sukulā (dried meat)
Wo (fried lentil cake) see
Bara (fried lentil cake with hole like donut)
Feast foods
Meat dishes
Dāyekālā (buffalo meat curry)
Dugulā (goat meat curry)
Heynlā (duck curry)
Bandella (wild wardrobe meat)
Changrala (mountain goat meat)
Khasilā (gelding goat meat)
Nyā (fish curry)
Sanya (small fish)
Chohi (steamed buffalo blood)
Janlā (marinated diced with skin raw meat)
Kachilā (marinated raw minced buffalo meat)
Khāyālā (chicken curry)
Me (buffalo tongue boiled, sliced and fried)
Pangra
Nhyapu (brains boiled, sliced and fried)
Nyāpukā (fried fish)
Pukālā (fried meat ampestine, liver, heart etc.)
Sanyā-khunā (spicy jellied fish soup)
Sapu Mhichā (leaf tripe bag stuffed with bone marrow)
Swan Pukā (goat lungs filled with batter and boiled, sliced and fried)
Takhā (jellied buffalo meat curry)
Vegetable dishes
Buba Kwā (beans curry)
Chhon Kwā (curry of bamboo shoots and potato)
Kwāti (soup made of nine types of sprouted beans)
Mee Kwā (curry of fenugreek seeds)
Pancha Kwā (mixed vegetable curry of bamboo shoots, potato, dried mushroom, dried radish and blackeyed pea)
Soups
Bullā or Ka Kwā (soup made of the dregs of rice beer, diced spleen and other meats, bone marrow and bone)
Chhyāllā (soup made of shredded pickled radish and diced variety meats)
Pāun Kwā (sour soup of Himalayan hog plum)
Festival foods
Samaybaji (set of beaten rice, roasted meat, vegetables, cowpea, soybean and ginger)
Syābaji (parched rice)
Meat dishes
Chhoylā (either boiled or smoked, sliced and marinated buffalo meat)
Ghalmal (mixed curry of diced lentil cake, green vegetables and leftover meat seasoned with Nepal pepper)
Hāku Chhoylā (roasted, diced and marinated buffalo meat)
Momochā (dumplings filled with minced buffalo or chicken meat)*
Kunyā (smoked fish)
Vegetable dishes
Chākuhi (boiled sweet potato)
Hāku Musyā (roasted black soybean mixed with oil and salt)
Lābhā (chopped garlic greens mixed with spices)
Pālu (diced raw ginger)
Salads
Kaywu (soaked field pea and garden pea)
Lain (sliced radish)
Tusi (sliced cucumber)
laaie (sliced radish )
Dessert
Dhau (yogurt)
Juju Dhau (yogurt/curd originated from Bhaktapur)
Marichari (may include anything sweet from soft milk based pastries to fried bread dipped in caramel)
Laakhamari (made from flour and sugar, cooked in hot oil)
Guulmari (made from flour and sugar, cooked in hot oil)
Baalbara
Yomari (made from chaku and floor and steamed like momo)
Anarsha
Ainthe-Mari
Khajuri
Roowth
Fini
Nimki
Lakshmimari
Swaari
Malpha
Jeeri
Gud-Paak
Chimti
Aiti Mari
Drinks
Aylā (liquor)
Arak (rice beer)
kaar-Thwon (brown beer)
hyam-Thwon (red beer)
Utensils
Newars cook, store and serve food and beverages in containers and utensils made of gold, silver, copper, brass, iron, clay pottery, dried rice stalks, corn leaves and leaves of certain trees sewn together with toothpicks to make plates and bowls. Food is eaten with bare hands. It is customary to wash hands before and after a meal.
Anti (alcohol jar)
Bātā (basin)
Chupi (knife)
Dhampo (water pot)
Hāsā (round winnowing tray)
Karuwā (water jug)
Kholā (bowl)
Sali (small clay bowl)
Somā (earthen wine pitcher)
See also
List of Nepalese dishes
References
External links
http://www.gorkhapatra.org.np/detail.php?article_id=14534&cat_id=10
http://www.nepalitimes.com/issue/2003/08/29/Leisure/3918
http://www.weallnepali.com/recipe/newari-food
http://www.gfcookingclub.com/tag/newari-food/
https://www.slowfood.com/worldfood-momo-nepals-most-popular-food/#:~:text=The%20history%20of%20momo%20in,in%20the%20late%20fifteenth%20century. |
5397974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Your%20Song%20%28TV%20series%29 | Your Song (TV series) | Your Song is a Philippine musical drama anthology show broadcast on ABS-CBN. The show premiered on February 12, 2006 until its final episode on March 27, 2011 spanned for 5 years. and it was replaced by Good Vibes.
The plot of each episode is inspired by a hit song performed by a local artist. The song title is used as the episode title, while the song itself is used throughout the episode as background music. A new cast is featured in each episode.
Episodes
From Seasons 1 to 7, Your Song had weekly episodes featuring songs as title and theme. Seasons 1 and 2 had both 11 episodes. Season 3 had 14 episodes, Season 4 had 11 episodes, season 5 had 12 episodes, Season 6 had 8 episodes while Season 7 had 18 episodes. Season 2 had one special screening to introduce ABS-CBN's drama series Bituing Walang Ningning.
For Season 8, Your Song featured stories based on chosen songs, where each story arc will now be shown for a whole month changing parts, due to another ABS-CBN program counterpart Love Spell that had weekly episodes. The season reverted to its weekly episode-format during February 2009. The season had a total of 13 story arcs, with My Only Hope the longest seasonal episodes every in the history of the show.
For Season 9, the stories are based on film, where each story is a remake of a certain Filipino film. It had only two stories which are Underage and Boystown, where both stories ran for weeks.
For Season 10, the show reverted to the song format, although each story arc ran for weeks. There's a total of 5 episodes.
For Season 11, the show continued on its song format where each story arc ran for weeks. There was a total of 6 episodes, including 2 stories that did not feature any song, namely Isla and Gimik 2010.
For Season 12 (also their final season), Your Song featured artists in several different episodes. The artists featured are Andi Eigenmann and Kim Chiu.
See also
List of shows previously aired by ABS-CBN
References
External links
Your Song Official Website
2006 Philippine television series debuts
2011 Philippine television series endings
2000s teen drama television series
2010s teen drama television series
ABS-CBN drama series
Philippine teen drama television series
Philippine anthology television series
Philippine musical television series
Filipino-language television shows |
5397982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1980%20St%20Pauls%20riot | 1980 St Pauls riot | The St Pauls riot occurred in St Pauls, Bristol, England on 2 April 1980 when police raided the Black and White Café on Grosvenor Road in the heart of the area. After several hours of disturbance in which fire engines and police cars were damaged, 130 people were arrested, 25 were taken to hospital, including 19 police and members of the press.
The riot occurred against a background of increasing racial tension, poor housing and alienation of black youth. As a result of the disturbances local authorities and the national government began to pay attention to these issues. The Black and White Café was closed in 2004 and eventually demolished.
Background
Bristol in the 1970s had seen an increase in unemployment and a deterioration of race relations as the right-wing National Front party campaigned in local and national elections. St Pauls was blighted by the development of the M32 motorway, which split the area from the neighbouring district of Easton. Much of the housing in the area was in a poor state and local education services failed to cater adequately for the needs of either ethnic minorities or indeed many working class white communities.
Increasing use by the police of Sus laws to stop and search youths, predominantly those from the Afro-Caribbean community, raised tension. There was also an increase in racial harassment on local council housing estates, which was largely ignored by the housing department.
Riot
It is unclear why the riot started; some sources suggest that it was as a result of police ripping a customer's trousers and refusing to pay, others that they were attacked as they removed alcohol from the café which did not have a drinks licence. According to The Guardian newspaper, 100–200 black and white youths were involved.
However other sources estimate the size of the crowd at about 2000. The riot continued for many hours and caused much damage to a branch of Lloyds Bank and a post office. Several fire engines and 12 police cars were also damaged. At one point a police chief famously remarked: "Surely we should be advancing, not retreating?" 130 people were arrested and 90 were charged. The next day, The Daily Telegraph carried a headline stating "19 Police Hurt in Black Riot" and blamed lack of parental care.
Aftermath
Nineteen policemen and six other people were taken to hospital, including a cameraman and a photographer from the Western Daily Press. 16 of those arrested were prosecuted for riot, but all were either acquitted, had the charges dropped or were discharged after the jury failed to reach a verdict. Copycat riots in Southmead, a predominantly white working-class council estate, occurred soon after the St Pauls disturbance.
Later commentators suggested that poverty and the sus laws were more important causes of the riots than race. The House of Commons Home Affairs Select Committee held a session in Bristol and Home Secretary William Whitelaw came to the city to hold meetings with the local authorities and representatives of the black community. Relations between police and the local community remained tense and reached a low point in 1986 when 600 police raided the Black and White Café again in an action named Operation Delivery. It took intervention by local Member of Parliament William Waldegrave to persuade the police to scale down their policy of containment.
The Black and White Café had long had a reputation as a drug den and was allegedly raided more times by the police than any other premises in the country. In 2003 Bristol City Council used its powers of compulsory purchase and in 2005 the building was demolished and has now been replaced by new homes.
When cabinet papers were released 30 years later, they showed that Home Secretary William Whitelaw had reported that the Chief Constable "accepted that the police had made errors in the initial stages of the incident but [his] subsequent decision to withdraw all officers from the area for several hours had been the only one open to him at the time". Whitelaw said that a full public inquiry was undesirable as it would only lead to the police being criticised for no good purpose, and that not every controversial matter should lead to such an inquiry.
See also
Urban riots
References
External links
Portcities with images of the riots
Documentary by Borja Cantera, narrated by local poet Miles Chambers
St Pauls Riot, 1980
St Pauls Riot, 1980
Black British history
Crime in Bristol
Race riots in England
St Pauls, Bristol
St Pauls Riot
St Pauls Riot
St Pauls Riot |
5397989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SOCOM%20U.S.%20Navy%20SEALs%3A%20Combined%20Assault | SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Combined Assault | SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Combined Assault is a tactical shooter video game developed by Zipper Interactive and published by Sony Computer Entertainment exclusively for PlayStation 2.
Combined Assaults campaign mode offers 18 missions. The game takes place in the fictional country of Adjikistan. The country is supposedly situated somewhere in the Afghanistan/Pakistan region of Central Asia, featuring a number of different environment and climate zones—allowing for the game to feature a wide variety of landscapes and settings while working within one large, connected story.
The online servers for this game, along with other PlayStation 2 and PlayStation Portable SOCOM titles, were shut down on August 31, 2012.
Gameplay
One of the main new features of this game is the ability to play the story mode online, replacing the AI SEAL team with up to three other players via online play. Players can play single player campaign missions, or the instant action missions. This mode allows the player to play any unlocked levels in single player on a variety of game modes. Players can also unlock "Badges" after completing specific objectives. After a player receives a certain amount of badges, they unlock weapons and weapon attachments. These unlocked weapons are used mainly in offline mode, but two weapons can be used in online multiplayer matches. It is also possible to complete the campaign mode in any order the player wishes (for example: players can complete objectives in no specific order, and players can choose which mission to play).
New items include medkits and ammunition kits, able to revive/heal a SEAL team member and replenish ammunition of multiple types of weapons respectively. Body Armor is an option and Beanbag Launchers are a non-lethal alternative to stunning an opponent in combat. In addition, the online play section includes all the SOCOM 3 multiplayer maps as well 10 new multiplayer maps for Combined Assault. As of March 31, 2008, three map packs have been released, adding 11 more maps. The first map pack was released on June 27, 2006, and contained the three HDD Maps from SOCOM II. The maps are "After Hours", "Last Bastion" and "Liberation". Players were given two weeks (until July 10, 2006), to play these maps online for free. The second map pack has been released with a new patch on November 19, 2007. There are four maps, and they are "Blizzard", "Desert Glory", "Abandoned" and "Blood Lake". Each other these maps were in both SOCOM and SOCOM II. With the release of the second map pack, players were not given a two-week trial period like with the first one. It is available for free via the SOCOM Store. The third map pack has been released on March 31, 2008. The four new maps include Frostfire, Fish Hook, Guidance, and Crossroads. With the release of the third map pack, Zipper Interactive decided to release the map packs for free.
Story
More than 20 years after the Soviet Union's collapse, the former Adjikistani Socialist republic has finally gained independence. The charismatic Ismail Karim is appointed Adjikistan's first president. He promises an economy more competitive than that of other "hot" Asian nations such as China or Cambodia. This makes Adjikistan a key American interest. However, not all is going smoothly. A large rebel movement threatens to destabilize the government, and after a CIA asset is kidnapped by the rebels, a SEAL team is sent in to rescue him; however, the helicopter is shot down after the spy has been saved.
The character's fireteam is sent in to rescue the survivors (this mission seeming to parallel the real-world Operation Red Wings), and the team becomes more and more embroiled in the conflict. However, the rebels claim that they are not trying to topple a benevolent government; rather they are protecting themselves from a genocidal campaign waged by Adjikistani authorities. The SEALs later discover a system of concentration camps in a major Adjikistani city and shut it down. During a later mission the SEALs infiltrate a village to eliminate the terrorist Mongoose, secure the rebel leader Badger, and secure an airstrip wearing ghillie suits under the cover of darkness. During the low-scale war the fireteam launches an assault against a convoy carrying supplies through a key village. During that mission they planted explosives at a weapons cache site and demolished it before extracting. Eventually, Karim is cornered in his underground bunker under his Political Party Headquarters located in the Adjikistani capital of Dalahtibar and is arrested and tried for crimes against humanity.
Reception
SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs: Combined Assault received "mixed or average" reviews, according to review aggregator Metacritic.
References
2006 video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
SOCOM U.S. Navy SEALs
Video games about the United States Navy SEALs
Video games developed in the United States
Video games scored by James Dooley (composer) |
5397995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cozy%20III | Cozy III | The Cozy III is a 3-seat, single engine, homebuilt light aircraft designed by Nat Puffer. The aircraft is built from plans using basic raw materials. It is not a kit aircraft, though many small parts are available prefabricated. The Cozy is similar in design and construction to the 2-seat Rutan Long-EZ, from which it is derived, with approval from Burt Rutan.
The Cozy utilizes foam and fiberglass sandwich construction, with foam suited to the usage, fiberglass oriented for the stresses, and epoxy to bond them together.
Nat Puffer designed the aircraft as a high speed cross-country VFR aircraft, although many builders equip their planes with IFR capabilities.
Design and development
The aircraft is constructed primarily of fiberglass, foam, and epoxy. Urethane foam is used to form highly curved, hand-carved shapes such as the nose and wing tips. Blue rigid styrofoam is cut with a hot wire saw to form the wing cores. Thin PVC foam sheets are used to form bulkheads and the fuselage sides. Two types of woven fiberglass are used to provide the surface strength of the composite sandwich. The builder does not need pre-fabricated items to finish the aircraft except for the landing gear bow and nose gear strut which require forms and an oven for post curing, but suppliers exist for these parts, such as Featherlite of Ukiah CA.
The recommended engine is the Lycoming O-235, but a variety of powerplants from have been used.
Previous Versions and Related Aircraft
Cozy
Like the Long-EZ, the design includes a retractable nose gear and fixed main gear. With both front seats unoccupied, the center of gravity with the aircraft level is aft of the main gear. Thus, like the Long-EZ, the Cozy is parked with the nose resting on the ground, sometimes called "grazing". The nose-down position is very stable. The aircraft can withstand high winds as the wings are beyond a flying angle of attack. Some Cozy builders modify the design to include retractable main gear. This modification increases the maximum speed by a few knots. Maximum fuel tank capacity is reduced to accommodate the retracted gear.
Cosy Classic
The Cosy Classic is the European version of Cozy III, changed to a forward opening canopy and other modifications. The forward opening canopy design is available from Uli Wolter, the designer of the Cosy Classic modifications.
Cozy IV
The Cozy Mark IV is a 4-seat aircraft and the successor to the 3-seat Cozy III. Also designed by Nat Puffer, the Cozy IV first flew in 1988.
Specifications (Cozy III)
See also
Rutan Long-EZ
Rutan VariEze
Rutan Defiant
Cozy Mark IV
Berkut aircraft
Velocity SE
Velocity XL
Steve Wright Stagger-Ez
Canard
Pusher configuration
References
External links
http://stargazer2006.online.fr/derivatives/pages/cosy.htm
http://www.airventuremuseum.org/collection/aircraft/5Puffer%20Cozy%20CO-Z.asp
Canard aircraft
Single-engined pusher aircraft |
5398002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edendale%2C%20Los%20Angeles | Edendale, Los Angeles | Edendale is a historical name for a district in Los Angeles, California, northwest of Downtown Los Angeles, in what is known today as Echo Park, Los Feliz and Silver Lake.
In the opening decades of the 20th century, in the era of silent movies, Edendale was known as the home of most major movie studios on the West Coast. Among its many claims, it was home to the Keystone Kops, and the site of many movie firsts, including Charlie Chaplin's first movie, the first feature-length comedy,
and the first pie-in-the-face. The Edendale movie studios were mostly concentrated in a four-block stretch of Allesandro Street, between Berkeley Avenue and Duane Street. Allesandro Street was later renamed Glendale Boulevard (and a smaller nearby street took on the name Allesandro).
Edendale's hilly streets and nearby lake lent themselves to many silent movie gags. The district's heyday as the center of the motion picture industry was in the 1910s. By the 1920s, the studios had moved elsewhere, mostly to Hollywood, which would come to supplant it as the "movie capital of the world".
In the years prior to World War II, Edendale had a large artist community and a large communist community. Many of its residents were transplants from the Eastern United States or the Soviet Union.
Edendale was known as such at least until 1940, as the Pacific Electric Railway operated an Edendale Line of its "red cars" that ran the course between Downtown Los Angeles and the top of Edendale. The red car ran down the median of Allesandro Avenue (Glendale Blvd.), which was double-tracked, and even triple-tracked between Sunset and Effie, as the tracks were also used by the interurban Glendale-Burbank Line. After 1940, the Edendale Line as such ceased, though service continued in the form of local service on the Glendale-Burbank Line. Rail service on that line ended completely in 1955, and the tracks have been abandoned. Soon after, the region was cut in two by the construction of the Glendale Freeway.
The name Edendale is no longer used as a place name, and is little known today. A few remnants of the name are the local post office (officially called Edendale Station), a public library branch, an urban farm called Edendale Farm and a restaurant called Edendale. Although many of the structures from the 1910s remain and can be identified by careful comparison with old photos, this district today is located in an unremarkable commercial zone called the "Glendale Boulevard Corridor," which is known mostly for its function as a commuter thoroughfare between the southern end of the Glendale Freeway and downtown Los Angeles. (See vintage and modern site photos.)
Motion picture industry in Edendale
In its July 1911 issue, movie trade publication "Motography" described Edendale thus: "Edendale...is a very beautiful suburb of Los Angeles. It is the motion picture center of the Pacific Coast. With clear air and sunshine three hundred days out of the year, conditions are ideal for perfect picture making. The scenic advantages of the location, too, are unique. From [Edendale] can be seen the Pacific Ocean, twenty-two miles to the west, and the broad panorama of Southern California, with its fruit and stock ranches, its snowcapped mountains and its tropical vegetation, to the east, north and south. Within a short distance of Edendale may be found every known variety of national scenery, seemingly arranged by a master producer expressly for the motion picture camera."
Selig-Polyscope studio
In 1909, the Selig-Polyscope Company established the first permanent Los Angeles motion picture studio at the northeast corner of Clifford and Allesandro in Edendale. The company was founded by Colonel William Selig in Chicago, and it was his associate, Francis Boggs who first established the Los Angeles studio in Edendale. Within a few years, Selig had shifted most of his operations to Los Angeles. Cowboy movie star Tom Mix made his first movies with Selig-Polyscope out of their Edendale studio. The studio was originally completed in 1910, and featured a mission-style façade on the front entrance patterned after the bells at Mission San Gabriel. This mission-style entrance set a style that was echoed by other Edendale studios.
In 1913, Selig acquired of land in Lincoln Heights and began shifting operations to the new location. By 1917, he had leased his Edendale location to William Fox.
Bison studio
In 1909, Selig-Polyscope was followed into Edendale by the New York Motion Picture Company, making mostly one-reel westerns under the brand name Bison Pictures. The original studio was located at 1719 Allesandro Street, a "tract of land graced only by a four-room bungalow and a barn." Originally under the management of Fred J. Balshofer, the directorial reins were taken over a couple years later by motion picture innovator Thomas H. Ince. Ince made only two or three one-reelers at the Edendale studio. Shortly after arriving in California, Ince acquired a lease on of land in Santa Ynez Canyon, above Santa Monica. He shifted the operations of Bison Pictures to that location, later known as "Inceville".
Universal Studio Edendale 1912
On June 8, 1912, the New York Motion Picture Company agreed on merger with the Universal Film Company. In exchange for money and shares of the new company, the owners of the New York Motion Picture Company turned over all of the company's properties to the newly formed Universal Film Company. They also agreed to release the Bison 101 films through the Universal Program. Charles O. Baumann was elected the first president of Universal Film Manufacturing Company, though he was soon replaced by Carl Laemmle after a lawsuit was filed. In 1912 the Universal Film Manufacturing Company founded its first studio in Edendale, called the Universal Edendale plant. During a legal battle between Balshofer and Carl Laemmle, Balshofer refused to supply Bison 101 productions to the Universal Program in spite of the contract. At the end of the Bison lawsuit, Universal won the use of the Bison name. The Universal/Bison Plant was returned to the New York Motion Picture Company at the end of the litigation.
In late 1912, Bison's Edendale lot was bought by Mack Sennett.
Mack Sennett and Keystone Studios
After a rough start in New Jersey, movie maker Mack Sennett and his Keystone Comedies arrived in Edendale in September, 1912, and took up the studio lot that had been left by Bison Pictures when they decamped to Inceville. Though he started in Edendale with a run-down and mostly vacant lot, he soon achieved great success, and took up on both sides of the street within a few years. Between 1913 and 1917, comedy was synonymous with Keystone. There, Mack Sennett was the first important producer and director of screen farce, where speed, irreverence, exaggeration, sight gags, and bam-bam-bam delivery defined comedy. "You had to understand comic motion," Sennett once told an interviewer, whereupon he pushed the interviewer into a swimming pool. "That is comic motion." Sennett was famous for his Keystone Cops, who bumbled all around Echo Park, and his Sennett Bathing Beauties, who included Gloria Swanson and Carole Lombard. Fatty Arbuckle made many movies at Keystone, and Charlie Chaplin was discovered there. His great female lead was Mabel Normand, his sometime girlfriend (who inspired the 1974 Broadway musical Mack & Mabel).
Coy Watson, Jr., who grew up in Edendale in its heyday, recalls:
<blockquote>
Life in Edendale was exciting. Sennett needed to produce a 12 to 15 minute long two-reel comedy every week. These were the original slapstick, belly-laugh-a-minute flickers. They made the world laugh as the dignified were made to look ridiculous. The best-dressed folks got hit in the face with the biggest pies. Fat ladies sat down on break-away chairs or fell on the funniest, littlest guy on the set.
Kids watched them shoot the first fast-moving chases with horses and wagons, automobiles, fire engines, bicycles and baby buggies running wild all over Edendale and into Echo Park Lake. The Keystone Cops rode in their police patrol wagon skidding on the soaped streets. Dressed in ill-fitting New York policemen's uniforms, they hit fruit stands, popcorn wagons, telephone poles and chicken coops. They took pratfalls and lifted their knees high as they ran and took corners on one foot, waving their billy clubs over their heads. They were always called to restore law and order to some impossible, funny scene hurriedly created by the wit of Hollywood's comedy gagmen. The director had the story line in mind, but the gags came from everywhere as the shooting progressed. When the crew learned the themes of the story, each one was encouraged to come up with a funny thought or idea that might suggest an additional gag to help the picture get another laugh. Each idea gave birth to another. Those early comedy idea men set the formula for the way movies, radio and television comedy would be written for many years. Edendale became one great big background set for comedy. Early film makers didn't build street sets. To save money, they used the actual stores, shop buildings and neighborhood homes.</p></blockquote>
A 1917 article in The Moving Picture World described the Keystone Edendale studio thus:
When Keystone got going its rise was rapid. Today [1917] the open air stages of the Keystone Film Company cover . In addition to this are buildings of wood, brick and concrete, housing all the industries to be found in the average city of several thousand population, including a five-story planing mill and restaurant.
Another feature of the Mack Sennett Keystone studios is the big open air plunge, which is electrically heated. When not in use for pictures it is at the disposal of the actors, who may bathe in as they desire. A modern cafeteria is conducted by the company. Here everybody employed at the plant may obtain the best of food at prices considerably lower than are demanded downtown.
In the planing mill is made everything from patrol wagons to the various sections of Swiss-chalet bungalows and skyscrapers. The painters supply the realistic touches, which are given finish by wall paper and designers' department. All kinds of mechanical devices are made in the machine shops, and in the garage the scores of autos used in the Keystone's activities are housed and maintained. Many touches of humor are added to the comedies by the sign painters' staff. The plumbing department provided water and sewerage connections.
Separate buildings are maintained for the general offices, scenario and publicity departments and for other activities allied with the manufacture of motion pictures.
The studios comprise a city within a city, giving employment to more than 1,000 people.
Another feature of the Keystone Studios was the "cyclorama", where a background scene was painted onto a huge rotating cylinder that rotated while actors ran in place, creating the illusion of moving across the landscape.
Fox Studios
By 1916, Selig, having relocated to Lincoln Park, leased out his original Edendale studio lot to film director William Fox. At the Edendale studios, Fox made films with Theda Bara (including Cleopatra) and Tom Mix (whom Fox also bought out from Selig). His success quickly outgrew the lot, and within a year, he opened Fox Studios on a lot at Sunset and Western.
After Fox moved on from Edendale, the original Polyscope lot, with its distinctive mission-style entrance, served a series of studios, including Clara Kimball Young and Garson Studios (1920), and Marshall Neilan Studios (1925). In 1930, the lot, then abandoned but with its facade remaining, was the scene of a rape. Within the next year, the site was demolished. The lot has hosted various commercial buildings, most recently BertCo Graphics, but is currently empty. A historical plaque installed on the site in 1954 commemorated Mack Sennett (whose studio was actually two blocks south), but the plaque was removed in September 2007, when the BertCo Graphics building was demolished. A large apartment complex now exists on the site.
Mixville
Tom Mix, a popular and enduring star of early western films, was famous for trick riding, stunts, and flashy clothes. He started his career with Selig-Polyscope, was taken over by William Fox in 1917, was picked up by FBO (a precursor to RKO) in 1928, and made the jump to "talkies" with Universal in the 1930s. Mix, managing his own films under Fox, acquired a parcel of land just north of Edendale's main strip, and built a western set there that became known as Mixville. In her memoir The Fabulous Tom Mix, his wife recalls Mixville:
When Tom reigned as William Fox's biggest star in the postwar [World War I] period, he had an even more elaborate organization for the production of his pictures than with Selig. Production activities were carried on at a special studio lot covering of ground near Edendale, California. This home of Tom's Fox pictures was appropriately called Mixville. Tom was undisputed "King of Mixville," just as he was the king of the screen cowboys.
Many of the interior scenes were made at Mixville. Almost everything pertaining to the Old West could be found tucked away somewhere in this unique settlement. There was a complete frontier town, with a dusty street, hitching rails, a saloon, Jail, bank, doctor's office, surveyor's office, and the simple frame houses typical of the early Western era. Only the signs on the buildings were changed from picture to picture, and some rearrangement of the furnishings.
There was an Indian village with several lodges nestled in a flat piece of land at the rear of the lot. From the range of plaster-of-Paris mountains surrounding the village Tom led many a convincing attack on a tribe of warriors, the whole thing looking real when the picture was screened.
There was a simulated desert, through which Mix wandered on many occasions in search fofthe "bad man". Although Mix preferred actual locations, Fox executives always held the budget over his head.
Among other things at Mixville there were a ranch house, sans a ceiling, a corral that would hold 100 horses, and a great barnlike structure to hold props, such as saddles, uniforms, guns, and various items of furniture that conformed to the Old West tradition.
Tom Mix's original horse, Old Blue, was buried on the lot, which today is occupied by a couple of banks and shops in an undistinguished commercial strip at the NE corner of Glendale Blvd and Silver Lake Blvd.
Norbig Film Company
At 1745 Allesandro, on the block between the Selig lot and the Sennett lot, another studio was set up during 1914-1919 by the Norbig Film Company. Norbig was a rental film studio that provided a home for many director/producers who were getting started (a business model that today would be called an "incubator"). Director Hal Roach worked here, making films starring Harold Lloyd as "Lonesome Luke". (Roach was well known in this period, and became more famous in the 1920s with hits including the "Our Gang" / "Little Rascals" series, and would build his own studio in Culver City.) Charlie Chaplin worked here briefly, under the Lone Star Studios moniker, before establishing a studio at 1025 Lillian Way in Hollywood. Other studios that operated here included French & Forman, Bronx, Reaguer Productions, Western Arts, Westwood Productions, and Harry Keaton.
Pathé West Coast
The Pathé West Coast Film Company had offices at 1807 Allesandro (NW corner of Branden), but it is unknown if any films were made there.
Edendale commune
From November 1914 to June 1916, Edendale was also home to the Edendale commune, founded by Mexican anarcho-communist radicals of the Partido Liberal Mexicano (PLM). After their release from the penitentiary at McNeil Island in 1914 as political prisoners accused of inciting rebellion, criminal libel and violating neutrality laws, Ricardo Flores Magon and his wife, Maria Talavera, her daughter Lucille Norman, his brother Enrique and Enrique's companion Teresa Arteaga and other PLM members and their families settled on five acres of rented farm land near 2325 Ivanhoe Ave, Edendale in Silver Lake. Other members of the PLM, Rivera and Palma moved near by. Later, other anarchists and members of the Industrial Workers of the World settled in nearby shacks. They shared this space with the pre-Hollywood film studio colony. The PLM members lived the communal lives they envisioned for the rest of the world by raising fruit, vegetables and chickens at Edendale that they sold on the streets of Los Angeles and at the Plaza Olvera's open market. With their farming proceeds, they purchased necessary goods such as print supplies to continue publishing Regeneracion, the Mexican anarchist newspaper published by the PLM.
Notes
Sources and related Links
Motion Picture Studios of California - article, written by G.P. von Harleman, originally appeared in the March 10, 1917, issue of The Moving Picture World
Film History Before 1920 - from filmsite.org
biography of Col. William Selig - from Academy of Motion Picture Arts & Sciences / Margaret Herrick Library
Hollywood Heritage archive - story on establishment of the first studio in LA
Echo Park Historical Society - a history of Edendale
Edendale restaurant page - from a local restaurant that commemorates the name and displays memorabilia from Edendale's heyday.
Keystone Studio - Then & Now - a nice collage of vintage photos juxtaposed with present-day photos of the same sites
Edendale in the Golden Age of Silent Film - a geocache puzzle that involves finding multiple clues in Edendale's history; the page contains a number of vintage photos
Edendale and Echo Park History - Brief History of Edendale
Edendale Farm
History of Los Angeles
Neighborhoods in Los Angeles
Hollywood, Los Angeles history and culture
Artist colonies
Echo Park, Los Angeles
Silver Lake, Los Angeles
Central Los Angeles
Northwest Los Angeles |
5398006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PulseAudio | PulseAudio | PulseAudio is a network-capable sound server program distributed via the freedesktop.org project. It runs mainly on Linux, various BSD distributions such as FreeBSD and OpenBSD, macOS, as well as Illumos distributions and the Solaris operating system.
PulseAudio is free and open-source software, and is licensed under the terms of the LGPL-2.1-or-later.
It was created in 2004 under the name Polypaudio but was renamed in 2006 to PulseAudio.
History
Microsoft Windows was previously supported via MinGW (an implementation of the GNU toolchain, which includes various tools such as GCC and binutils). The Windows port has not been updated since 2011, however.
Software architecture
In broad terms ALSA is a kernel subsystem that provides the sound hardware driver, and PulseAudio is the interface engine between applications and ALSA. However, its use is not mandatory and audio can still be played and mixed together without PulseAudio.
PulseAudio acts as a sound server, where a background process accepting sound input from one or more sources (processes, capture devices, etc.) is created. The background process then redirects these sound sources to one or more sinks (sound cards, remote network PulseAudio servers, or other processes).
One of the goals of PulseAudio is to reroute all sound streams through it, including those from processes that attempt to directly access the hardware (like legacy OSS applications). PulseAudio achieves this by providing adapters to applications using other audio systems, like aRts and ESD.
In a typical installation scenario under Linux, the user configures ALSA to use a virtual device provided by PulseAudio. Thus, applications using ALSA will output sound to PulseAudio, which then uses ALSA itself to access the real sound card. PulseAudio also provides its own native interface to applications that want to support PulseAudio directly, as well as a legacy interface for ESD applications, making it suitable as a drop-in replacement for ESD.
For OSS applications, PulseAudio provides the padsp utility, which replaces device files such as /dev/dsp, tricking the applications into believing that they have exclusive control over the sound card. In reality, their output is rerouted through PulseAudio.
libcanberra
libcanberra is an abstract API for desktop event sounds and a total replacement for the "PulseAudio sample cache API":
Complies with the XDG Sound Theme and Naming Specifications.
Defines a simple abstract interface for playing event sounds.
Interfaces with ALSA through libasound.
Has a back-end to PulseAudio.
libSydney
libSydney is a total replacement for the "PulseAudio streaming API", and plans have been made for libSydney to eventually become the only audio API used in PulseAudio.
Features
The main PulseAudio features include:
Per-application volume controls.
An extensible plugin architecture with support for loadable modules.
Compatibility with many popular audio applications.
Support for multiple audio sources and sinks.
A zero-copy memory architecture for processor resource efficiency.
Ability to discover other computers using PulseAudio on the local network and play sound through their speakers directly.
Ability to change which output device applications use to play sound through while they are playing sound (Applications do not need to support this, PulseAudio is capable of doing this without applications detecting that it has happened)
A command-line interface with scripting capabilities.
A sound daemon with command line reconfiguration capabilities.
Built-in sample conversion and resampling capabilities.
The ability to combine multiple sound cards into one.
The ability to synchronize multiple playback streams.
Bluetooth audio device support with dynamic detection capabilities.
The ability to enable system wide equalization.
Adoption
PulseAudio first appeared for regular users in Fedora Linux, starting with version 8, then was adopted by major Linux distributions such as Ubuntu, Debian, Mandriva Linux, and openSUSE. There is support for PulseAudio in the GNOME project, and also in KDE, as it is integrated into Plasma Workspaces, adding support to Phonon (the KDE multimedia framework) and KMix (the integrated mixer application) as well as a "Speaker Setup" GUI to aid the configuration of multi-channel speakers. PulseAudio is also available in the Illumos distribution OpenIndiana, and enabled by default in its MATE desktop environment.
Various Linux-based mobile devices, including Nokia N900, Nokia N9 and the Palm Pre use PulseAudio.
Tizen, an open-source mobile operating system, which is a project of the Linux Foundation and is governed by a Technical Steering Group (TSG) composed of Intel and Samsung, uses PulseAudio.
Problems during adoption phase
The PortAudio API was incompatible with PulseAudio's design and needed to be modified. Almost all packages using OSS and many of the packages using ALSA needed to be modified to support PulseAudio. Further development of the glitch-free audio feature required a complete rewrite of the PulseAudio core, and also changes to the ALSA API and internals were needed.
When first adopted by distributions, PulseAudio developer Lennart Poettering (also the creator of systemd) described it as "the software that currently breaks your audio". Poettering later claimed that "Ubuntu didn't exactly do a stellar job. They didn't do their homework" in adopting PulseAudio for Ubuntu "Hardy Heron" (8.04), a problem that was improved with subsequent Ubuntu releases. However, in October 2009, Poettering reported that he was still not happy with Ubuntu's integration of PulseAudio.
Interaction with old sound components by particular software: Certain programs, such as Adobe Flash for Linux, caused instability in PulseAudio. Newer implementations of Flash plugins do not require the conflicting elements, and as a result Flash and PulseAudio are now compatible.
Early management of buffer over/underruns: Earlier versions of PulseAudio sometimes started to distort the processed audio due to incorrect handling of buffer over/underruns.
For headphone users, the potential for noise-induced hearing loss due to extremely loud volumes in the event of a misbehaving application.
Related software
Other sound servers
JACK is a sound server that provides real-time, low-latency (i.e. 5 milliseconds or less) audio performance and, since JACK2, supports efficient load balancing by utilizing symmetric multiprocessing; that is, the load of all audio clients can be distributed among several processors. JACK is the preferred sound server for professional audio applications such as Ardour, ReZound, and LinuxSampler; multiple free audio-production distributions use it as the default audio server.
It is possible for JACK and PulseAudio to coexist: while JACK is running, PulseAudio can automatically connect itself as a JACK client, allowing PulseAudio clients to make and record sound at the same time as JACK clients.
PipeWire is an audio and video server that "aims to support the use cases currently handled by both PulseAudio and Jack".
General audio infrastructures
Before JACK and PulseAudio, sound on these systems was managed by multi-purpose integrated audio solutions. These solutions do not fully cover the mixing and sound streaming process, but they are still used by JACK and PulseAudio to send the final audio stream to the sound card.
ALSA provides a software mixer called dmix, which was developed prior to PulseAudio. This is available on almost all Linux distributions and is a simpler PCM audio mixing solution. It does not provide the advanced features (such as timer-based scheduling and network audio) of PulseAudio. On the other hand, ALSA offers, when combined with corresponding sound cards and software, low latencies.
OSS was the original sound system used in Linux and other Unix operating systems, but was deprecated after the 2.5 Linux kernel. Proprietary development was continued by 4Front Technologies, who in July 2007 released sources for OSS under CDDL-1.0 for OpenSolaris and under GPL-2.0-only for Linux. The modern implementation, Open Sound System v4, provides software mixing, resampling, and changing of the volume on a per-application basis; in contrast to PulseAudio, these features are implemented within the kernel. PulseAudio support in OpenIndiana and other illumos distributions relies on the in-kernel OSS implementation ("Boomer").
See also
Comparison of free software for audio
List of Linux audio software
PipeWire
PortAudio
References
External links
2004 software
Audio libraries
Audio software for Linux
Free audio software
Free software programmed in C
Linux APIs
Collabora
Software using the LGPL license |
5398020 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Van%20Vleck%20House%20and%20Gardens | Van Vleck House and Gardens | Van Vleck House and Gardens, a former private estate by the eponymous family, is a non-profit community resource in Montclair in Essex County, New Jersey, United States, that displays a public botanical garden of mostly ericaceous plants that has been developed over several generations. The display of rhododendrons and azaleas shows numerous hybrids, several named after members of the Van Vleck family.
The property had been in the hands of the Van Vleck family until 1993 when it was turned over to The Montclair Foundation. The main house, built in 1916 by Joseph Van Vleck Jr. as a Mediterranean villa, is available for events by non-profit organizations. A Chinese Wisteria that was planted in 1939 climbs around the pillars of the back portico.
Gallery
External links
Official site
See also
Howard Van Vleck Arboretum
Botanical gardens in New Jersey
Houses in Essex County, New Jersey
Montclair, New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Essex County, New Jersey |
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