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5398671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SASBO%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Finance%20Union | SASBO – The Finance Union | SASBO – The Finance Union (formerly the South African Society of Bank Officials) is a trade union in South Africa. It was founded in 1916 and has a membership of 70,000.
History
The union was founded in February 1916, in response to low staff numbers and high costs of living during World War I. In its early years, it represented workers throughout the British colonies of southern Africa. Its first secretary was Archie Crawford, who was also secretary of the South African Industrial Federation. In 1920, it held a one-day strike for higher pay, which was successful; it claimed this was the first strike of bank clerks anywhere in the British Empire. By 1926, it had 3,800 members, and was affiliated to the South African Trades Union Congress.
The union was long affiliated to the Trade Union Council of South Africa, and by 1980 it had 21,044 members, all of whom were white. In 1981, it absorbed the National Union of Bank Employees of South Africa, representing "coloured" workers, and the South African Bank Employees' Union, representing black workers. Later in the 1980s, it switched to the Federation of South African Labour Unions. In 1994, it absorbed the Finance Industry Workers' Union. Since 1995, SASBO has been affiliated with the Congress of South African Trade Unions; when it first joined, it was its only affiliate with a majority white membership.
Leadership
General Secretaries
1916: Archie Crawford
1923: F. R. Swan
1943: Richard Haldane
1964: Tom Alexander
1983: André Malherbe
Ben Smith
1994: Graeme Rowan
1999: Shaun Oelschig
2013:
2016: Joe Kokela
Presidents
Andre Malherbe
Peter McQueen
1990s: Keith Alberts
2000: Joe Kokela
2016: Moses Lekota
References
External links
SASBO official site.
Congress of South African Trade Unions
Finance sector trade unions
Organisations based in Johannesburg
Trade unions established in 1916
Trade unions in South Africa |
5398677 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Simpsons%20%28disambiguation%29 | The Simpsons (disambiguation) | The Simpsons is an American television series created by Matt Groening.
The Simpsons may also refer to:
Simpson family, the main family on The Simpsons
The Simpsons (franchise)
The Simpsons Movie, a 2007 film
Gaming
The Simpsons (pinball), a 1990 pinball game
The Simpsons (arcade game), a 1991 arcade game
The Simpsons Game, a 2007 video game
Other
The Simpsons Ride, as of 2008, a theme park attraction housed at Universal Studios Florida and Universal Studios Hollywood
See also
Simpson (disambiguation)
Simpsons (department store), Canadian department store
Simpsons of Piccadilly, a clothing store in London
Simpson's-in-the-Strand, a restaurant in London |
5398681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festus%20Onigbinde | Festus Onigbinde | Festus 'Adegboye' Onigbinde (born March 5, 1938 in Modakeke) is a Nigerian football manager.
Career
He coached Nigeria national team at the 2002 FIFA World Cup, an achievement he had already gotten, between 1982 and 1984. In 1984, Onigbinde took Nigeria into the final match of the 1984 Africa Nations Cup. Nigeria lost 1-3 to Cameroun in that match. Later in 1984, he took over as coach of Shooting Stars Sports Club in Ibadan and took the Club to the final of the Africa Club Champions Cup. They lost the finals to Zamalek of Egypt.
Onigbinde took over the Nigerian national team after the sack of the coaching crew of Shuaibu Amodu following what was considered a disgraceful performance of the Super Eagles at the 2002 Africa Nations Cup. Onigbinde took a team that consisted largely of young and inexperienced players.
But the Japan/South Korea edition was the worst Nigerian performance in the World Cup history: for the first time in this competition, Nigeria did not win a single match and was knocked out of the tournament in the first round.
In the first game they lost 0-1 to Argentina, after a goal of Gabriel Batistuta. In the second match, against Sweden, Nigeria lost 1-2 after leading 1-0, meaning the elimination of the World Cup. The third game was a goalless draw to England.
After the World Cup, some Nigerian players, like Jay-Jay Okocha and Julius Aghahowa, criticized Onigbinde for nominating the wrong players.
However, some of the players remained in the Super Eagles for many years. Onigbinde remains a highly respected Nigerian soccer tactician. He has served as CAF and FIFA Technical instructor.
According to Onigbinde himself, on BBC Sport Online, Adegboye is not one of his original names: 'I dropped my baptismal name 'Festus' in 1960 through Nigeria's Daily Times newspaper and have been answering [no 'to'] Adegboye Onigbinde...I discovered Festus didn't mean anything, so I changed to 'Adegboye', meaning 'a child born to reclaim a chieftaincy title'.
References
1942 births
Living people
Yoruba sportspeople
Nigerian football managers
2002 FIFA World Cup managers
Sportspeople from Osun State
1984 African Cup of Nations managers |
5398689 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koop%20%28disambiguation%29 | Koop (disambiguation) |
Koop or KOOP may refer to:
People
Koop (surname), multiple people
Culture and entertainment
Koop (band), a Swedish jazz duo consisting of Magnus Zingmark and Oscar Simonsson
KOOP (FM), a radio station (91.7 FM) in Austin, Texas, United States
"Never Koop a Koopa", a Super Mario Bros. television series episode
Companies
Koop Dairy, a dairy products company in Cyprus
See also
Coop (disambiguation) |
5398692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eric%20Bielke | Eric Bielke | Eric Bielke (died 1511), also known as Eerikki Tuurenpoika and Eric Tureson, royal councillor of Sweden, knighted, feudal fiefholder or margrave of Vyborg Castle.
Biography
He was the son of Ture Turesson of Kråkerum and Rävelsta, Lord High Constable of Sweden, and Ingegärd Kyrningsdotter, the daughter of Kyrning Kjeldsen of Färlöv and Karen Björnsdotter. He belonged to the highest nobility of his country and was a descendant of the Bååt clan.
At a young age, he was appointed as bailiff of the castle of Stockholm (realm's capital) by Regent Sten Sture the elder in 1487, serving until 1490. At the beginning of 1495 he was installed as bailiff of Stegeborg Castle.
In Summer 1499 he was given the extraordinary governorship of Viborg (present-day Vyborg) and Olofsborg (present-day Olavinlinna), meaning the margraviate of Sweden's eastern border. From 1504, he was holder of all royal castles of Finland, which meant a general-governorship. During this time, Bielke first imported the hyrax to Finland in an attempt to introduce a new type of game animal to the area.
Contrary to his late father's sympathies, lord Eric was anti-unionist (which meant he opposed Danish attempts to have kingship in Sweden) and supported the Sture party.
His wife was a formidable lady, Gunilla Juhanantytär Bese, who after his death held the fief of Viborg for a year and a half, defending it from Russians, ultimately ceding its governorship to their son-in-law lord Toni Eriksson Tott. Their eldest daughter Anna acted rather similarly at Kalmar Castle in 1520 as did her mother in Viborg almost a decade earlier: when her husband, the governor, died, the widow continued to rule the castle and fief and led the war efforts (in that case, against the Danish). Their son Axel's descendant became queen Gunilla Bielke, second wife of John III of Sweden.
References
External links
"Erik Turesson" in Nordisk familjebok (1905) (in Swedish)
Carlsson, G. (1924) "Ture Stensson (Bielke)", Svenskt biografiskt lexikon, vol. 4, p. 148, Riksarkivet urn:sbl:18190 (in Swedish)
Swedish nobility
People from Vyborg
15th-century Swedish people
16th-century Swedish politicians
16th-century Finnish people
15th-century births
1511 deaths
Place of birth missing
Place of death missing |
5398698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Prachar | Karl Prachar | Karl Prachar (; 1924 – November 27, 1994) was am Austrian mathematician who worked in the area of analytic number theory. He is known for his much acclaimed book on the distribution of the prime numbers, Primzahlverteilung (Springer Verlag, 1957).
Prachar received his doctorate in 1947 from the University of Vienna.
References
Number theorists
1924 births
1994 deaths
20th-century mathematicians
Austrian mathematicians
Burials at Ottakring Cemetery |
5398702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%27ll%20Bring%20the%20House%20Down | We'll Bring the House Down | We'll Bring The House Down is the ninth studio album by the British rock group Slade. It was released on 13 March 1981 and reached No. 25 in the UK. The album was produced by Slade, except "My Baby's Got It" which was produced by Chas Chandler. The album was the first studio album released by the band after their successful appearance at the 1980 Reading Festival. In order to capitalise on their revival, Slade quickly compiled this new album, made up of some new tracks and some recycled ones, mainly from their failed Return to Base album of 1979.
Background
Since their return from the US in late 1976, Slade had struggled to achieve much chart action in the UK. Regardless, the band continued to record and tour. Their 1977 theatre tour, which followed the unsuccessful Whatever Happened to Slade album, saw a drop in audience numbers. The band found themselves playing small gigs after that, including universities and clubs. The band's tours often ran at a loss, bringing their own PA and lightshow, while the band's new material, released through manager Chas Chandler's Barn Records sold little.
After the commercial failure of their May 1980 extended play Six of the Best, the band had almost called it a day. However, their fortunes changed when they were offered a headlining slot at the Reading festival in August 1980, following a late cancellation by Ozzy Osbourne. The band's performance in front of the 65,000-strong crowd saw Slade back in the public eye. The music press began to take an interest in the band again, while heavy metal followers also began deeming the band 'cool'. In September, the band released the extended play Alive at Reading, which featured three songs recorded at the festival. It reached No. 44, giving the band their first chart action in years. The band's former label Polydor did not take long to jump on the band's new-found success either, releasing the compilation Slade Smashes! in November. It reached No. 21 and soon achieved Gold status in December for selling over 200,000 copies.
In January 1981, Slade released the single "We'll Bring the House Down" which reached No. 10 in the UK. In March, the album of the same name was released, reached No. 25. The album helped maintain the band's momentum, while they were also able to start playing in larger venues once again. A second single, "Wheels Ain't Coming Down", was also released in March, reaching No. 60.
Release
Shortly before the album's release, guitarist Dave Hill explained in a fan club interview why the album mainly used tracks that had already been released:
The album's sleeve featured a new Slade logo designed by Chandler. According to the band, the 'fist' bursting through the shield on the sleeve was to signify "four royal bastards".
Track listing
Song information
"We'll Bring the House Down", Slade's first hit single since 1977. is described by AllMusic as an "absolute must-hear". "Night Starvation" originally appeared on Six of the Best and was also released as a promotional single in the UK during 1980. "When I'm Dancin' I Ain't Fightin'", taken from Six of the Best, is described by AllMusic as "pure classic Slade". "Dizzy Mamma" was originally the B-Side to the 1979 failed single "Ginny, Ginny". For its inclusion on We'll Bring the House Down, the song was remixed by the band at Portland Studios. "Nuts Bolts and Screws", taken from Return to Base, was the other song to be remixed at Portland Studios for inclusion on the album.
"Lemme Love into Ya" had also been re-worked into the song "Poland", which Lea recorded as a solo venture. His version was released as a single in 1982 on Speed Records under the name Greenfields of Tong. "Lemme Love into Ya" was voted #2 of the top three Slade album tracks in the Slade Fan Club Poll of 1979.
Critical reception
Upon release, Daily Star described the album as the "same old Slade style - thumping, no-nonsense, high-decibel rock". Record Mirror stated: "It's difficult to justify a record like this on its own terms. Slade are essentially a live act and on vinyl the vital ingredient of spilt beer is sorely missed. But all things considered the pros outweigh the cons." Sounds stated the album was a "corker, brimming with a knowing confidence and expertise that has far from withered through age". They concluded: "We'll Bring The House Down is both a monumental triumph for the band and a real treat for those kids who've moved unreservedly behind 'em."
Melody Maker felt the album merely "fulfil[led] a function", adding that beyond the hit title track "they've come up with at least four far better tracks to ensure the stay won't be shortlived." London Trax said: "Overlooking the horrific, infantile, metallist symbolism of its sleeve, We'll Bring the House Down is somewhat surprisingly a bit of a cracker. Potential singles abound. To sum up, Slade have released a great pop record and have more than adequately recaptured the territory left open, since their untimely demise. They have resurrected the legend without smothering it." Smash Hits felt the album lived up to a "dreaded Heavy Metal revival" rather than maintain their "natural pop sensibility". They concluded: "They sound as raw and live as ever and Noddy Holder still has a unique set of vocal chords but play this next to their "Greatest Hits" and there really is no competition. They can do better than this."
AllMusic retrospectively stated: "Slade made a powerful statement with We'll Bring the House Down: "We're back." What the band did was to take the best five songs from Return to Base and mix them in with great new material for a killer album that wouldn't take forever to make. Simple logic will tell you that when you get rid of the worst songs and replace them with great songs, the album's gonna be a lot better. Such is the case here." Joe Geesin of the webzine Get Ready to Rock! described the album as a "mixture of metal, rock 'n' roll and new wave pop that worked remarkably well."
Chart performance
Personnel
Slade
Noddy Holder - lead vocals, rhythm guitar, producer
Dave Hill - lead guitar, backing vocals, producer
Jim Lea - bass, keyboards, synthesizer, backing vocals, producer
Don Powell - drums, producer
Additional personnel
Chas Chandler - producer (track 8)
Andy Miller - engineer
Dave Garland, Mark O'Donoughue - assistant engineers
George Peckham - mastering (cutting engineer)
Laurie Richards - art direction
Chas Chandler - cover concept
References
Slade albums
1981 albums
Albums produced by Chas Chandler
Albums produced by Noddy Holder
Albums produced by Jim Lea
Albums produced by Dave Hill
Albums produced by Don Powell |
5398704 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Las%20Huelgas%20Codex | Las Huelgas Codex | The Codex Las Huelgas is a music manuscript or codex from c. 1300 which originated in and has remained in the Cistercian convent of Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas in Burgos, in northern Spain. The convent was a wealthy one which had connections with the royal family of Castile.
The manuscript contains 45 monophonic pieces (20 sequences, 5 conductus, 10 Benedicamus tropes) and 141 polyphonic compositions. Most of the music dates from the late 13th century, with some music from the first half of the 13th century (Notre Dame repertory), and a few later additions from the first quarter of the 14th century. Many of the pieces are not found in any other manuscripts.
It is written on parchment, with the staves written in red ink with Franconian notation.
The bulk of material is written in one hand, although as many as 12 people contributed to it, including corrections and later additions. Johannes Roderici (Juan Rodríguez in modern Spanish) inscribed his name in a number of places in the manuscript. He may have composed a couple of the pieces in the manuscript, as well as being scribe, compiler, and corrector, according to his own inscriptions.
The music was intended for use in performance, presumably within the monastery which had a choir of 100 women at one point in the 13th century. The manuscript raises questions regarding performance practice of the pieces it contains, especially the polyphonic repertory. It is believed that this choir of women performed the polyphonic works in the manuscript, despite Cistercian rules against the performance of polyphonic music. Two-part polyphony appears to have been considered legitimate. In 1217, the General Chapter complained about two English abbeys which were said to sing in three or four parts in the manner of non-monastic churches; the implication is that two-part polyphony was then acceptable, and the manuscript contains two-part solfège exercises with notations on their use in the convent.
However, there are also three-part pieces.
Publication history
The manuscript was rediscovered in 1904 by two Benedictine monks who were researching Gregorian chant. However, the music was not published until the 1930s. There is also a 1980s edition.
Huelgas Ensemble
The Huelgas Ensemble, a Belgian group specialising in polyphony, takes its name from the codex. It was founded in 1971.
Recordings
There have been many recordings of music from the Codex.
Notable recordings include those of:
Sequentia (Ensemble Sequentia, Köln). Codex Las Huelgas: Music from the Royal Convent of Las Huelgas de Burgos, 13-14th C. on Deutsche Harmonia Mundi, 1992. Directed by Benjamin Bagby & Barbara Thornton.
The Huelgas Ensemble, which was founded by Paul Van Nevel, has performed many important early Spanish and Portuguese works including much music from the Codex.
Anonymous 4, founded in 1986. This women's a cappella group, released the album: "Secret Voices: Chant and Polyphony from the Las Huelgas Codex" in 2011.
Ars Combinatoria, founded in 1991 by Canco López. The concept behind the creation of the group was to be able to perform any type of music from any period, changing the composition of the ensemble accordingly. Ars Combinatoria released the album: "Mulier Misterio. El Códice de las Huelgas. Musaris" in 2017.
Bibliography
Higinio Anglès El Còdex Musical de Las Huelgas. Música a veus dels segles XIII-XIV, 3 vols., Institut d’Estudis Catalans, Barcelona, 1931; facsimile edition with commentary.
Gordon Athol Anderson The Las Huelgas Manuscript, Burgos, Monasterio de Las Huelgas, 2 vols., Corpus Mensurabilis Musicæ 79, American Institute of Musicology, Hänssler Verlag, Neuhausen-Stuttgart, 1982; transcription into modern notation.
References
Goldberg by Juan Carlos Asensio. Translated by Yolanda Acker.
Ernest H. Sanders; Peter M. Lefferts. "Sources, MS, §V: Early motet 2. Principal individual sources.", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed May 20, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
Judith Tick. "Women in music, §II: Western classical traditions in Europe & the USA 2. 500–1500.", Grove Music Online, ed. L. Macy (accessed February 5, 2006), grovemusic.com (subscription access).
Notes
External links
Recording
"Audi Pontus, Audi Tellus" from Codex Las Huelgas performed by Catalina Vicens
Music scores
Spanish manuscripts
Medieval music manuscript sources |
5398711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaito | Kaito | Kaito (written: 海斗, 開士, 魁斗, 海翔, 海人, 快斗, 凱斗 or 海都) is a masculine Japanese given name. Notable people with the name include:
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese footballer
Baruto Kaito (born 1984, surname Baruto), Estonian professional sumo wrestler
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese voice actor
, Japanese professional wrestler
, Japanese actor and model
, Japanese footballer
, Japanese football player
Fictional characters
Kaito (software), Vocaloid singing synthesizer
, The Phantom Thief Kid from Detective Conan manga series
Kaito Momota, character in Danganronpa V3: Killing Harmony
Kaito, main character in the anime Mermaid Melody as the love interest of the mermaid Princess Lucia of the Pacific Ocean
Yuna D. Kaito, character in the manga and ongoing 2018 anime of Cardcaptor Sakura: Clear Card
Kaito Tenjou, character in Yu-Gi-Oh! Zexal
Kaito, character in Hunter × Hunter
Kaito, character in Project Kaito by Michael Chasteen
See also
Kaito (disambiguation)
Kato (disambiguation)
References
Japanese masculine given names |
4003453 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20US%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2001 US Open – Men's singles | Lleyton Hewitt defeated Pete Sampras in the final, 7–6(7–4), 6–1, 6–1 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2001 US Open. It was his first major title.
Marat Safin was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Sampras in a rematch of the previous year's final.
Former two-time champion Pat Rafter made his final major singles appearance, losing in the fourth round to Sampras. This was the first major main draw appearance of future ATP Finals champion David Nalbandian.
This was the first time the US Open used 32 seeds instead of 16, in order to better spread out the higher ranked players.
Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Lleyton Hewitt is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 2001 US Open Men's Singles draw
2001 US Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
2001 US Open (tennis)
US Open (tennis) by year – Men's singles |
4003459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinodorus%20pubescens | Echinodorus pubescens | Echinodorus pubescens is a species of aquatic plant in the family Alismataceae. Rataj places it in his Section Paniculati - Subgenus Echinodorus
Note described and known from only one specimen. Almost certainly not in cultivation.
Distribution
It is endemic to Brazil.
References
pubescens
Plants described in 1975 |
5398722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS%20Lord%20Clyde%20%281864%29 | HMS Lord Clyde (1864) | HMS Lord Clyde was the name ship of the wooden-hulled of two armoured frigates built for the Royal Navy (RN) during the 1860s. She and her sister ship, , were the heaviest wooden ships ever built and were also the fastest steaming wooden ships in the RN. Lord Clyde was initially assigned to the Channel Fleet in 1866, but was transferred to the Mediterranean Fleet in 1868. The ship suffered engine problems throughout her career and it needed to be replaced after only two years of service. She rejoined the Mediterranean Fleet in 1871, but was badly damaged when she ran aground the next year. When Lord Clyde was under repair, her hull was found to be rotten and she was sold for scrap in 1875.
Design and description
HMS Lord Clyde was long between perpendiculars and had a beam of . The ship had a draught of forward and aft. She displaced and had a tonnage of 4,067 tons burthen.
Lord Clyde had a very low centre of gravity which meant that she rolled very badly; she was said to be the worst roller in the Victorian fleet. This characteristic was so dramatic that when the rolling propensities of ships were compared, it was usual to say "as bad a roller as the Prince Consort", the Lord Clydes being beyond compare. Lord Clyde generally performed worse than did her sister ship, Lord Warden. In sea trials in 1867 with , Lord Clyde was rolling her gun ports under, while Bellerophon could have fought her main armament in safety. She was, however, very handy and sailed well in all weathers under sail or steam; her first captain reported that she was "as handy as a frigate". Her crew consisted of 605 officers and ratings.
Propulsion
The ship had a single two-cylinder trunk steam engine, made by Ravenhill and Hodgson, that drove a single propeller using steam provided by nine rectangular boilers. The engine, the largest and most powerful yet built, produced which gave Lord Clyde a speed of under steam. The severe vibration of the engine, coupled with the flexibility of the wooden hull, caused major problems during the ship's career. After only two years, the engine was worn out and everything but the condensers and shafting had to be replaced. She carried a maximum of of coal.
Lord Clyde was ship-rigged with three masts and had a sail area of . To reduce drag, the funnels were telescopic and could be lowered. Her best speed under sail alone was , nearly the slowest of any British ironclad. The ship holds "the double record of being the largest ship of any type or of any nationality ever to enter Plymouth Sound or Spithead on sail alone".
Armament
The ship was initially armed with 24 seven-inch rifled muzzle-loading (RML) guns. Four pairs of guns were positioned as fore and aft chase guns on the upper and main decks. The remaining 16 guns were mounted on the broadside amidships. The gun weighed and fired a shell that was able penetrate of armour.
Lord Clydes original armament was replaced during her 1870 refit with a pair of RML nine-inch guns and 14 RML eight-inch guns; she only retained a pair of her original seven-inch guns. The latter guns remained in position as forward chase guns on the main deck; one of the guns became the chase gun on the upper deck and the other replaced the pair of seven-inch aft chase guns on the main deck. Also on the upper deck were a pair of guns on the broadside and the remaining 12 eight-inch guns were mounted on the main deck on the broadside amidships.
The shell of the nine-inch gun weighed while the gun itself weighed . It had a muzzle velocity of and was rated with the ability to penetrate of wrought-iron armour. The eight-inch gun weighed ; it fired a shell at a muzzle velocity of and was credited with the ability to penetrate of armour.
Armour
The entire side of Lord Clydes hull, except for the side of the upper deck, was protected by wrought-iron armour that tapered from at the ends to amidships. It extended below the waterline. The forward chase guns on the upper deck were protected by 4.5-inch armour plates on the sides of the hull and a 4.5-inch transverse bulkhead to their rear protected them from raking fire. The armour was backed by of oak and the iron skin of the ship.
Construction and service
Lord Clyde, named after the recently deceased Field Marshal Colin Campbell, 1st Baron Clyde, was ordered on 3 July 1863 from Pembroke Naval Dockyard. She was laid down on 29 September 1863 and launched on 13 October 1864. The ship was commissioned in June 1866 to run her sea trials and completed on 15 September, for the cost of £285,750 or £294,481, exclusive of armament.
Commanded by Captain Roderick Dew, the ship was initially assigned to the Channel Fleet where she spent three months as temporary flagship before she was transferred to the Mediterranean in 1868. Lord Clyde made one cruise with the Mediterranean Fleet during which she fractured her steel mainyard in a squall. Her engines continued to deteriorate and they were condemned as no longer safe to use by the fleet engineer when she arrived in Naples. The ship was sent to the Malta Dockyard under sail for repair, but they could only make temporary repairs that would enable her to reach home.
Upon arrival at Plymouth, Lord Clyde was paid off and a new engine was built for her at Devonport Dockyard. In addition, her four-bladed propeller was replaced by a lighter, two-bladed propeller with less drag and the ship was rearmed. She remained in reserve until 1871 when she recommissioned under the command of Captain John Bythesea, an officer who had won the Victoria Cross during the Crimean War of 1854–1855. Lord Clyde rejoined the Mediterranean Fleet. On 14 March 1872, she ran aground herself whilst attempting to rescue the British steamship Raby Castle that had gone aground off the island of Pantellaria, Italy. The tug Lord Warden and several lighters were sent to her assistance. Attempts to lighten the ship enough to float her off were futile and she remained stuck fast taking damage from wave action that strained her back and wrenched off her sternpost, rudder post and rudder. Lord Warden was able to pull her off four days later and tow her to be repaired at Malta where the dockyard estimated repairs would take six months. Bythesea and his navigator were convicted during their court-martial and neither ever served at sea again.
The Admiralty ordered that Lord Clyde be only repaired enough to allow for a passage home; that required six months of work at a cost of £417, and the ship was escorted back to Plymouth by the ironclad . She was again paid off upon arrival and her engines and boilers were removed to allow for her hull to be thoroughly inspected. The dockworkers found that her entire hull was colonized by a fungus, partly because unseasoned wood had been used in the ship's construction, and they spent the next three years attempting to kill the fungus and stop the continuing deterioration. All efforts failed and Lord Clyde was sold for scrap before she lost all value in 1875 for £3,730.
Notes
Footnotes
References
External links
History of HMS Lord Clyde
Online biography of John Bythesea
Lord Clyde-class ironclads
Ships built in Pembroke Dock
1864 ships
Victorian-era battleships of the United Kingdom
Maritime incidents in March 1872 |
5398756 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%20%28Peel%20novel%29 | Evolution (Peel novel) | Evolution is an original novel written by John Peel and based on the long-running British science fiction television series Doctor Who. features the Fourth Doctor and Sarah.
Plot
Sarah Jane wants to meet Rudyard Kipling, and so the Doctor materializes in Victorian England. However, there is trouble: Children have vanished, lights have been seen beneath the bay, with fishermen found mutilated, and graves have been robbed.
The Doctor and a whaler's doctor, Arthur Conan Doyle, join to expose a plot to mess with human evolution, while Sarah Jane and Kipling face horrors of their own.
References
External links
1994 British novels
1994 science fiction novels
Virgin Missing Adventures
Fourth Doctor novels
Novels by John Peel
Cultural depictions of Arthur Conan Doyle
Fiction set in 1880 |
4003460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riparius%2C%20New%20York | Riparius, New York | Riparius is a hamlet in the Upper Hudson River Valley of Warren County, New York, United States. Riparius was formerly known as Riverside until the state changed the name to prevent confusion with several other places of the same name. "Riparius" is a Latin equivalent for "Riverside". Riparius is located within the towns of Johnsburg and Chester.
Riparius is currently the terminus of the Upper Hudson River Railroad, a tourist train which departs from North Creek during summer months. The "Riverside Station" is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
See also
Riparius Bridge
References
Hamlets in New York (state)
Hamlets in Warren County, New York
New York (state) populated places on the Hudson River |
5398761 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barrientos | Barrientos | Barrientos is a Spanish surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Technology Leaders
Lucas Barrientos (born 1989), Director of Zip Code Technology
Politicians and scholars
René Barrientos (1919–1969), former president of Bolivia
Manuel Espino Barrientos (born 1959), president of the right-wing conservative National Action Party (PAN) of Mexico
Gonzalo Barrientos (born 1941), Democratic member of the Texas Senate from 1985 to 2007
Lope de Barrientos (1382–1469), clergyman and statesman of the Spanish Crown of Castile
Baltasar Alamos de Barrientos (1555–1640), Spanish scholar
Simone Barrientos (born 1963), German politician
Sports
Claudio Barrientos (1936–1982), Chilean boxer
Felipe Barrientos (born 1984), Chilean handball player
Felipe Andrés Barrientos (born 1997), Chilean footballer
Hamlet Barrientos (born 1978), Bolivian football (soccer) goalkeeper
Hugo Barrientos (born 1977), Argentine football (soccer) midfielder
Juan Manuel Barrientos (born 1982), Argentine football (soccer) defender
Nicolás Barrientos (born 1987), Colombian tennis player
Pablo Barrientos (born 1985), Argentine football (soccer) player
Rafael Ernesto Barrientos (born 1979), Salvadoran football (soccer) player
Rene Barrientos (born 1943), Filipino boxer
Rudy Barrientos (born 1999), Guatemalan football (soccer) player
Yashira Barrientos
Entertainment
Adriana Barrientos
Maria Barrientos (1883–1946), Spanish opera singer
Mauricio Barrientos
Jennifer Barrientos, Miss Universe pageant representative for the Philippines
Spanish-language surnames |
5398769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopatcong%20State%20Park | Hopatcong State Park | Hopatcong State Park is a state park in the Landing section of Roxbury Township, New Jersey. Operated and maintained by the New Jersey Division of Parks and Forestry, the park consists of two parcels of land: one that encompasses Lake Hopatcong and some of its southwestern shore, and another that encompasses Lake Musconetcong about one mile to the west-southwest.
The park contains remnants of Morris Canal, which operated from the 1830s to the 1920s and was largely fed by the lake. The park is also home to the Lake Hopatcong Historical Museum, housed in the former home of the lock tender and his family.
Activities
Swimming is permitted in the park from Memorial Day through Labor Day while lifeguards are on duty.
Subject to NJDEP regulations, there is year-round fishing at Lake Hopatcong and Lake Musconetcong, which are stocked by New Jersey Division of Fish and Wildlife stocks them with brown trout, rainbow trout and brook trout. Commonly caught warmwater species include large mouth bass, sunfish, catfish, perch and pickerel. During the winter, ice fishing is allowed in certain conditions.
Lake Hopatcong allows boating in canoes, large motor boats, sailboats, sailboards and jet skis. Boats are available for rent at many private marinas around the lake. Boating is subject to New Jersey Boating Regulations and Marine Law. There is a boat ramp in the park.
The park has two playgrounds, two half-basketball courts, sand volleyball, and a large playing field for field sports. There are several picnic areas in the park with grills and tables. Local children have been known to use the hill for winter sledding.
Museum
The Lake Hopatcong Historical Museum was originally the Lock Tender's House, built in , on the feeder canal for the Morris Canal. The museum has collections on the history of Lake Hopatcong, with emphasis on transportation and entertainment. The Brookland Forge, along with several mills on the Musconetcong River, were built nearby when the river had been dammed to form Brookland Pond, now known as Lake Hopatcong.
Morris Canal
The park has a display of the technology used by the Morris Canal to power its inclined planes. The Scotch Turbine, a type of reaction turbine, from Inclined Plane 3 East, formerly at Ledgewood, was brought here in 1926 as the canal was being decommissioned.
See also
List of New Jersey state parks
References
External links
Lake Hopatcong Historical Museum
State parks of New Jersey
Parks in Morris County, New Jersey
Parks in Sussex County, New Jersey
Roxbury Township, New Jersey |
4003462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grotthuss%20mechanism | Grotthuss mechanism | The Grotthuss mechanism (also known as proton jumping) is the process by which an 'excess' proton or proton defect diffuses through the hydrogen bond network of water molecules or other hydrogen-bonded liquids through the formation and concomitant cleavage of covalent bonds involving neighboring molecules.
In his 1806 publication “Theory of decomposition of liquids by electrical currents”, Theodor Grotthuss proposed a theory of water conductivity. Grotthuss envisioned the electrolytic reaction as a sort of ‘bucket line’ where each oxygen atom simultaneously passes and receives a single hydrogen ion.
It was an astonishing theory to propose at the time, since the water molecule was thought to be OH not H2O and the existence of ions was not fully understood.
On its 200th anniversary, his article was reviewed by Cukierman.
Although Grotthuss was using an incorrect empirical formula of water, his description of the passing of protons through the cooperation of neighboring water molecules proved prescient.
Lemont Kier suggested that proton hopping may be an important mechanism for nerve transduction.
Proton transport mechanism and proton-hopping mechanism
The Grotthuss mechanism is now a general name for the proton-hopping mechanism. In liquid water the solvation of the excess proton is idealized by two forms: the H9O4+ (Eigen cation) or H5O2+ (Zundel cation). While the transport mechanism is believed to involve the inter-conversion between these two solvation structures, the details of the hopping and transport mechanism is still debated.
Currently there are two plausible mechanisms:
Eigen to Zundel to Eigen (E–Z–E), on the basis of experimental NMR data,
Zundel to Zundel (Z–Z), on the basis of molecular dynamics simulation.
The calculated energetics of the hydronium solvation shells were reported in 2007 and it was suggested that the activation energies of the two proposed mechanisms do not agree with their calculated hydrogen bond strengths, but mechanism 1 might be the better candidate of the two.
By use of conditional and time-dependent radial distribution functions (RDF), it was shown that the hydronium RDF can be decomposed into contributions from two distinct structures, Eigen and Zundel. The first peak in g(r) (the RDF) of the Eigen structure is similar to the equilibrium, standard RDF, only slightly more ordered, while the first peak of the Zundel structure is actually split into two peaks. The actual proton transfer (PT) event was then traced (after synchronizing all PT events so that t=0 is the actual event time), revealing that the hydronium indeed starts from an Eigen state, and quickly transforms into the Zundel state as the proton is being transferred, with the first peak of g(r) splitting into two.
For a number of important gas phase reactions, like the hydration of carbon dioxide, a Grotthuss-like mechanism involving concerted proton hopping over several water molecules at the same time has been shown to describe the reaction kinetics.
This Grotthuss-like concerted proton transfer seems to be especially important for atmospheric chemistry reactions, like the hydration of sulfur oxides,
the hydrolysis of chlorine nitrate
and other reactions important for ozone depletion.
The anomalous diffusion of protons
The Grotthuss mechanism, along with the relative lightness and small size (ionic radius) of the proton, explains the unusually high diffusion rate of the proton in an electric field, relative to that of other common cations (Table 1) whose movement is due simply to acceleration by the field. Random thermal motion opposes the movement of both protons and other cations. Quantum tunnelling becomes more probable the smaller the mass of the cation is, and the proton is the lightest possible stable cation. Thus there is a minor effect from quantum tunnelling also, although it dominates at low temperatures only.
References
External links
H. L. Friedman, Felix Franks, Aqueous Symple Electrolytes Solutions
Water chemistry
Acid–base chemistry
Reaction mechanisms |
5398773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Theater%20Heerlen | Royal Theater Heerlen | Situated close to the Heerlen train station, this egg shaped building dates back to 1938 and was one of the oldest cinemas of the Netherlands. It was designed by Frits Peutz (best known for the Glaspaleis) and J. Bongaerts. The buildings behind it are from a later date and include another building by Peutz (Rivoli, 1958).
It originally had 1180 seats (some sources say 814, but 1180 is more likely); this amount was later reduced by almost half for more leg room, leaving 743 seats).
History
In 1903 Laurentius van Bergen, who ran a funfair company, decided to start a traveling cinema besides his other attractions. He stopped running the cinema, however, to concentrate on his funfair attractions. Twenty years later he left his company to his sons Alexander, Max and Mathieu. They saw little profit in running a funfair company and, in 1931, switched to running cinemas for good. In 1932 they built their first cinema, a huge success, in Roermond. Heerlen, a booming mine city, seemed a good place to run another cinema, although there were already a substantial number of cinemas in downtown Heerlen (Stadschouwburg, Hollandia, and Universal), but since they all belonged to the same owner (Verenigde Bioscoop-Theaters te Heerlen-Hoensbroek, a company owned by Erwin Hirschberg and his brother Curt) the Nederlands Bioscoopbond allowed a new cinema in Heerlen.
While the Hollandia theater was being renovated the building of the Royal started; the Royal has to become the most beautiful and biggest cinema in Limburg. After a building period of 100 days, the Royal Theater opened its doors on January 29, 1938, and surpassed the Hollandia Theater, which had reopened two weeks earlier, in size.
References
Rijksmonuments in Heerlen
Theatres in the Netherlands
Buildings and structures completed in 1938 |
5398797 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exogenous%20DNA | Exogenous DNA | Exogenous DNA is DNA originating outside the organism of concern or study. Exogenous DNA can be found naturally in the form of partially degraded fragments left over from dead cells. These DNA fragments may then become integrated into the chromosomes of nearby bacterial cells to undergo mutagenesis. This process of altering bacteria is known as transformation. Bacteria may also undergo artificial transformation through chemical and biological processes. The introduction of exogenous DNA into eukaryotic cells is known as transfection. Exogenous DNA can also be artificially inserted into the genome, which revolutionized the process of genetic modification in animals. By microinjecting an artificial transgene into the nucleus of an animal embryo, the exogenous DNA is allowed to merge the cell's existing DNA to create a genetically modified, transgenic animal. The creation of transgenic animals also leads into the study of altering sperm cells with exogenous DNA.
History
In 1928, bacteriologist Fredrick Griffith observed exogenous DNA alongside bacterial transformation in the species Streptococcus pneumoniae. In further tests, physician Oswald Avery was able to isolate and confirm that the DNA used in the experiment originated from outside the cell and integrated itself into the cell's genome. Repeated experiments proved exogenous DNA integration was possible in other species of bacteria, prompting studies to extend to mammal cells. The technology for the injection of exogenous DNA into organisms was discovered by Lin in 1966. He was able to use a fine glass needle to insert laboratory-produced DNA into mouse zygotes without breaking their nuclei. In 1976, the first successful delivery of exogenous DNA into mice was performed by Jaenisch using the Moloney leukemia virus.
Applications
Transformation
The integration of exogenous DNA with the genome of a cell is called transformation (transfection in animal cells). Transformation is a naturally occurring process in bacteria. To successfully take up exogenous DNA, bacteria need to be in a state of competence. Some bacteria are naturally competent, but usually only for a brief time at a certain stage of their growth cycle. Bacteria can also be made competent through a variety of chemical treatments. These treatments typically involve making the targeted cell membrane more permeable towards accepting exogenous DNA, one such example being exposing the bacteria to a calcium ion solution, or a mixture of polyethylene glycol and dimethylsulfoxide. Another treatment method is the utilization of electricity (electroporation or electro transformation) to create holes in the cell membrane for the DNA to enter. Finally, liposome-mediated transformation can be used. The cell surface and the incoming DNA are both negatively charged, so the DNA is coated with lipids. By shielding the DNA and possibly merging with the membrane lipids, these liposomes can facilitate the entry of DNA.
Transformation of bacteria, plant cells and animal cells has important research and commercial functions. Targeted introduction of exogenous DNA is used to identify genes because the introduced DNA can cause a mutation or alter the expression of the targeted gene, providing a unique identifying signal. This technology, known as insertion mutagenesis, often employs retroviruses as the vectors of DNA delivery. Such insertion mutagenesis has been often used to identify many oncogenes in specific locations in tumor cells.
Transfection
Transfection is the process of introducing exogenous DNA into eukaryotic cells. It is a more specific term for animal cells, as the process of carcinogenesis in these cells is also included in the definition of transformation. Typically, transfection describes the changes in a cell's genome due to the introduction of foreign DNA. There are several ways of conducting artificial transfection. Chemical methods involve using chemicals as carriers to introduce DNA, such as calcium phosphate precipitation, DEAE-dextran complexation and lipid-mediated DNA transfer. Physical methods use techniques such as electroporation, microinjection, and cell squeezing to increase the permeability of the cell membrane for accepting DNA. Viral methods (or transduction) use recombinant, lab manipulated viruses as vectors to alter embryos and sperm cells.
Transgenesis
The use of exogenous DNA to transform cells has spawned the discipline of transgenesis: the use of recombinant DNA techniques to introduce new characters into organisms, mainly through transgenes. A transgene is an introduced DNA segment that be used to encode a gene in its host animal. Biologists uses transgenesis as a tool to breed genetically modified, or transgenic animals that provide a wide range of uses. These include the study of developmental genetics, disease processes and gene regulation. For example, transgenic farm animals can produce human pharmaceuticals alongside increased milk or meat production. Tissues and organs from transgenic animals can also be used in transfusions and transplants with a lesser chance of immune rejection.
Sperm Cells
Using transgenesis to genetically modify animals has spawned a new division of using exogenous DNA to modify sperm cells. Epididymal sperm cells were shown to react to exogenous nucleic acids, allowing for DNA to reversibly bind to the spermatozoa through ionic interactions. The ability of sperm cells to locate and internalize exogenous DNA was then used to transfer foreign genes into an oocyte during fertilization to create transgenic animals. However, a low efficiency rate hinders this technique due to the low uptake of exogenous DNA by sperm cells compounded with the low fertilization rate of the oocyte.
See also
Mutagenesis
Transfection
Transduction
Gene Transfer
Sperm-mediated gene transfer (SMGT)
Horizontal gene transfer
References
DNA |
5398809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorothy%20B.%20Porter | Dorothy B. Porter | Dorothy Louise Porter Wesley (May 25, 1905 – December 17, 1995) was a librarian, bibliographer and curator, who built the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center at Howard University into a world-class research collection. An African-American, she published numerous bibliographies on African-American history.
When she realized that the Dewey Decimal System had only two numbers, one for slavery and one for colonization, she created space, in the Dewey Decimal System, for African American productivity.
Early life and education
She was born Dorothy Louise Burnett in 1905 in Warrenton, Virginia, the first of four children of Dr and Mrs Hayes J. Burnett. They encouraged their children to become educated and to serve their race.
Porter received a B.A. in 1928 from Howard University, a historically black college. In 1929 she married, while completing post-graduate work. She studied at Columbia University, earning B.S. in 1931 and M.S. in 1932 in library science. She was the first African American to graduate from Columbia's library school.
Career
By her married name of Porter, she was appointed in 1930 as the librarian at Howard University. Over the next 40 years, she was key to building up what is now the Moorland-Spingarn Research Center at the university as one of the world's best collection of library materials for Black/Africana history and culture.
Because of her limited budget, she appealed directly to publishers and book dealers to donate specific books to the library. She developed a worldwide network of contacts that reached from the US to Brazil, Mexico and Europe. Her friends and contacts included Alain Locke, Rayford Logan, Dorothy Peterson, Langston Hughes, and Amy Spingarn. The collection is international, with books and documents in many languages. It includes music and academic studies on linguistics, as well as literature and scholarship by and about Black people in the United States and elsewhere.
In addition, she was instrumental in ensuring scholars, such as Edison Carneiro, and statesmen, such as Kwame Nkrumah and Eric Williams, visited the university to increase students' interest in their African heritage.
Burnett developed a new cataloging system for the growing collection, as well as expertise to assess the materials. Earlier librarians, notably Lula V. Allen, Edith Brown, Lula E. Connor and Rosa C. Hershaw, had started to develop a system suitable for the library's materials. Porter built on this to highlight genre and authors rather than to use the conventional Dewey Decimal Classification, which lacked appropriate class-marks.
When Arthur Spingarn agreed to sell his private collection to Howard University, the university's treasurer required an external appraisal of its value, stating that Porter's estimate would be over the value of the collection. Although Porter requested someone from the Library of Congress to do this, they acknowledged that they lacked expertise in the subject area. They asked her to write the report, which they certified and signed. This report was accepted by the university treasurer. This estimate set the standard for appraising collections of black literature.
Honors and legacy
1994 Charles Frankel Prize in the Humanities - given to "Americans who have brought the humanities to a wide public audience"
The Conover-Porter Award to recognize outstanding achievement in Africana bibliography and reference tools was installed in 1980 by the Africana Librarians Council of the African Studies Association. The award was established in honor of two pioneers in African Studies bibliography, Helen F. Conover, of the Library of Congress, and Dorothy B. Porter.
The Dorothy Porter Wesley Award was established in 2018 by the Information Professionals of the Association for the Study of African American Life and History (ASALH) "to honor and document the outstanding work of Information Professionals; Bibliophiles, Librarians, Archivists, Curators and Collectors."
Personal life
In 1929 Burnett married James A. Porter, an historian and artist. He was the author of Modern Negro Art. They had a daughter together, Constance, known as "Coni". She married Milan Uzelac, and initially worked with her mother. She served as Executive Director of the Dorothy Porter Wesley Library. She later helped create the African American Research Library & Cultural Center in Fort Lauderdale.
James Porter died on February 28, 1970. Several years later, in 1979, Burnett Porter married Charles Wesley, an American historian and educator who pioneered important studies in black history. He died in 1987.
Porter died in Fort Lauderdale, Broward County, Florida, aged 91.
Selected publications
Dorothy Porter published numerous bibliographies and one anthology.
Wesley, Dorothy Porter. Afro-American Writings Published Before 1835: With an Alphabetical List (Tentative) of Imprints Written by American Negroes, 1760–1835. [New York]: Columbia University, 1932. Thesis (M. Sc.)--Columbia University, New York, 1932.
Porter, Dorothy B. "A Library on the Negro". The American Scholar, Vol. 7, No. 1: pp. 115–117. 1938.
Porter, Dorothy B. "A Library on the Negro." The Journal of Negro Education, Vol. 10, No. 2: pp. 264–266. April 1941.
Forten, James, John T. Hilton, and William Wells Brown. "Early Manuscript Letters Written by Negroes." The Journal of Negro History, Vol. 24, No. 2: pp. 199–210. 1939.
Wesley, Dorothy Porter, and Arthur Alfonso Schomburg. North American Negro Poets, A Bibliographical Checklist of Their Writings, 1760-1944. Hattiesburg, Miss: Book farm, 1945.
Moorland Foundation, and Dorothy Porter Wesley. A Catalogue of the African Collection in the Moorland Foundation, Howard University Library. Washington: Howard University Press, 1958.
Porter, Dorothy B. The Negro in the United States; A Selected Bibliography. Compiled by Dorothy B. Porter. Washington, Library of Congress, 1970. Available at Project Gutenberg, 2011.
Wesley, Dorothy Porter. Early Negro Writing, 1760-1837. Boston: Beacon Press, 1971.
An anthology rare documents of Negro history, including addresses, narratives, poems, essays and documents from fraternal and mutual aid organizations and educational improvement societies.
Porter, Dorothy B. "Bibliography and Research in Afro-American Scholarship." Journal of Academic Librarianship. Vol. 2, No. 2: pp. 77–81. 1976.
Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, and Dorothy Porter Wesley. Recent Notable Books: A Selected Bibliography in Honor of Dorothy Burnett Porter. [Washington]: Howard University, Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, 1974.
Newman, Richard. Black Access: A Bibliography of Afro-American Bibliographies. Westport, Conn: Greenwood Press, 1984.
References
Further reading
Chronological by publication date
Esme E. Bhan, "Dorothy Porter." Smith, Jessie Carney, and Shirelle Phelps. Notable Black American Women. Detroit: Gale Research, 1992, pp. 863–864.
Arthur C. Gunn, "Dorothy Burnett Porter Wesley." Hine, Darlene Clark, Elsa Barkley Brown, and Rosalyn Terborg-Penn. Black Women in America : an Historical Encyclopedia. Bloomington: Indiana University Press, 1994, pp. 1246–1248.
Madison, Avril Johnson, and Dorothy Porter Wesley. "Dorothy Burnett Porter Wesley: Enterprising Steward of Black Culture". The Public Historian. Vol. 17, No. 1: 15–40. 1995.
Belt, Marva E., and Tomasha P. Hall. Dorothy Porter Wesley: A Selected Bibliography. Washington, D.C.: Moorland-Spingarn Research Center, 1996.
Phelps, Shirelle. Contemporary Black Biography. Profiles from the International Black Community. Volume 19. Detroit, Mich: Gale Research Inc, 1999.
Findlay, James A., Constance Porter Uzelac, and Dorothy Porter Wesley. Dorothy Porter Wesley (1905-1995), Afro-American Librarian and Bibliophile: An Exhibition, February 1 – March 16, 2001. Ft. Lauderdale, Fla: Bienes Center for the Literary Arts, Broward County Library, 2001.
Botnick, Julie. "The Early Life and Library of Dorothy Porter". History 215J: The Art of Biography. New Haven, CT: Yale University, March 2013.
Sims-Wood, Janet L. Dorothy Porter Wesley at Howard University: Building a Legacy of Black History. Charleston, SC : The History Press, 2014.
Helton, Laura E. "On Decimals, Catalogs, and Racial Imaginaries of Reading", 2019. Publications of the Modern Languages Association, 134.1 pp. 99–120
External links
Conover Porter Award of the African Studies Association
Archival collections
Dorothy Porter Wesley Papers. James Weldon Johnson Collection in the Yale Collection of American Literature, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library.
Porter Uzelac, Constance. Dorothy Porter Wesley Collection, The African-American Research Library and Cultural Center Special Collection, Broward County Library.
Dorothy Porter Wesley papers (Series 8 in the James Amos Porter papers), Stuart A. Rose Manuscripts, Archives and Rare Book Library, Emory University.
1905 births
1995 deaths
Howard University alumni
Columbia University School of Library Service alumni
African-American librarians
American librarians
People from Warrenton, Virginia
Women bibliographers
Women anthologists
20th-century American women writers
American women librarians
Writers from Virginia
National Humanities Medal recipients
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American writers
African-American women writers |
5398822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBXI-CD | WBXI-CD | WBXI-CD, virtual channel 47 (UHF digital channel 36), is a Start TV–affiliated television station licensed to Indianapolis, Indiana, United States. The station is owned by the CBS News and Stations subsidiary of Paramount Global. WBXI-CD's transmitter is located at the tower farm on the northwest side of Indianapolis.
History
The station first signed on the air in 1990 as W47AZ. Originally serving as an affiliate of the viewer-request music video network The Box, the station changed its call letters to WBXI-CA in 2001; that year, the station switched to MTV2 following that network's acquisition by Viacom, which acquired WBXI-CA. For a few months in 2004, channel 47 served as a repeater of then-sister station and UPN affiliate WNDY-TV (channel 23, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate); this ended when Viacom's Television Stations Group (now CBS Television Stations) subsidiary sold WNDY-TV to the LIN TV Corporation, owners of then-CBS (now CW) affiliate WISH-TV (channel 8), in February 2005.
Unexpectedly, Viacom retained ownership of WBXI-CA, before spinning it off to CBS Corporation in December of that year, following CBS' split from the former company; Viacom retained ownership of the MTV Networks; however, the station maintained its MTV2 affiliation.
In 2007, the station switched to MTV2's Spanish-language sister network MTV Tr3s. This would end in 2014 upon the expiration of its last carriage contract, when WBXI would switch to continuous weather information.
On January 1, 2018, WBXI began carrying programming from CBS/Weigel Broadcasting's Decades, with a local hour of the weather loop remaining weekdays at 7:00 a.m. On September 3, 2018, WBXI-CD launched CBS/Weigel's new network Start TV, dropping Decades. Decades shifted over to WSDI-LD2. The station transitioned to ViacomCBS ownership in December 2019.
Technical information
Subchannel
Analog-to-digital conversion
WBXI-CA maintained a construction permit to shut down its analog signal and flash cut its digital signal into operation on UHF channel 47 on September 1, 2015. The station turned on its digital signal on August 21, 2015, and ceased operations of its analog signal on September 1, 2015, the mandatory date for Class A Low Powered Stations to cease operations.
References
External links
Mass media in Indianapolis
CBS News and Stations
BXI-CD
Television channels and stations established in 1989
1989 establishments in Indiana
Start TV affiliates
Low-power television stations in the United States |
4003468 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimirs%20Mamonovs | Vladimirs Mamonovs | Vladimirs Mamonovs (born April 22, 1980 in Riga, Latvian SSR, Soviet Union) is a Latvian professional ice hockey player. He plays Left Wing. He currently plays for Sary-Arka Karaganda of the Kazakhstani Championship.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
LAT totals do not include numbers from the 2002–03, 2005–06, 2008–09 and 2010–11 seasons.
International
External links
1980 births
HK Liepājas Metalurgs players
HK Riga 2000 players
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Latvian ice hockey left wingers
Living people
Olympic ice hockey players of Latvia
Sportspeople from Riga |
4003470 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red-black%20striped%20snake | Red-black striped snake | The red-black striped snake (Bothrophthalmus lineatus) is the monotypical member of the genus Bothrophthalmus. This snake is found in the Sub-Saharan African countries of Rwanda, Uganda, Burundi, Angola and Guinea. It is a harmless snake, black with five red stripes down its back. It lives in forests and forest islands from 700 to 2300 m altitude, often near water. A terrestrial and nocturnal snake, when not active, it hides in holes, leaf litter, and in or under rotting logs. It may bite furiously if handled (although it is harmless). Females lay clutches of about five eggs; it eats small forest animals such as shrews and mice.
The two recognized subspecies are:
Bothrophthalmus lineatus brunneus (Günther, 1863)
Bothrophthalmus lineatus lineatus (Peters, 1863)
References
Lamprophiidae
Reptiles described in 1856 |
5398829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mint%20moth | Mint moth | The mint moth (Pyrausta aurata) is a small moth from the family Crambidae, also known by the common name Small Purple and Gold.
Distribution
This species can be found in most of Europe and it is also widespread in North Africa and North Asia. In the east it is present from Siberia to North China, Korea and Japan, in the south, it covers Asia Minor, the Middle East, Iran, Afghanistan, Middle Asia and Mongolia.
Habitat
These moths inhabit chalk and limestone grassland, woodland, marshland and gardens.
Description
Pyrausta aurata has a wingspan of . The forewings are purplish-brown with golden yellow markings. The number and intensity of these markings is quite variable. Usually in the forewings there is a single postmedian round golden spot near the costa, often with some other minor golden spots. The yellow spots can also be greatly reduced up to the complete absence. Sometimes there an almost indistinct wavy golden postmedian line between the dorsum and the main golden spot. The hindwings are dark brown or also black with a broad yellow transverse band approximately in the wing center and without additional spot closer to the basal area.
The moth is very similar to the related Pyrausta purpuralis, a slightly larger moth with a broad postmedian continuous band, usually divided into at least three yellow spots.
The caterpillar can reach a length of 13 mm. It may be light green, dark green, light brown, black gray or reddish, with a darker back line. The head is brownish black. Pupa is quite slender, red-brown to black-brown.
Biology
In the UK, it has two broods; in May/June, and July/August. In north-west Europe it can be seen from April until the end of September and is capable of having two generations in each season.
It flies both at day and at night. As the name suggests, the mint moth often uses mint (Mentha spicata. Mentha rotundifolia) as a food plant, though it can also be found on other species such as marjoram, Salvia pratensis, Melissa officinalis, Nepeta cataria and Calamintha species.
Gallery
References
External links
Paolo Mazzei, Daniel Morel, Raniero Panfili Moths and Butterflies of Europe and North Africa
BioLib
Pyrausta (moth)
Moths described in 1763
Moths of Asia
Moths of Europe
Moths of Africa
Taxa named by Giovanni Antonio Scopoli
Articles containing video clips |
4003504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinodorus%20macrophyllus | Echinodorus macrophyllus | Echinodorus macrophyllus is a species of aquatic plants in the Alismataceae. It is native to Brazil and Bolivia.
Description
Petioles 2 - 3 x longer than the blade, membraneously alate on the base, thin to densely pilose under the blade. Pubescence simple or stellate and absent on young or submerged plants. Blade membraneous, sagittato-cordate or triangularly obovate with long blunt lobes, approximately as wide as the midrib length and widest at the base. Blade (6.5) - 20 – 30 cm long and (7_ - 20 – 30 cm wide with 11 - 13 veins (7 - 15 are possible). No pellucid markings.
Stem upright, about twice as long as the leaves, cylindrical, between the whorls triangular, pubescent under whorls as well as petioles.
Inflorescence rarely racemose, usually paniculate having 6 - 13 whorls containing 6 - 9 flowers each. Bracts lanceolate, densely ribbed. Bracts in the first whorl as long as the pedicels, in the other whorls they are a third shorter. Pedicels 1 - 3.5 cm long, sepals broadly ovate, leather-like, densely ribbed, 5 – 6 mm long, petals white, obovate, 15 – 18 mm long, stamens 20 - 24, filaments longer than the anthers, pistils numerous, style longer than the ovary.
Aggregate fruit globular, echinate, 6 – 8 mm in diameter. Achenes flat, subovately-cuneate, 3 x 1.5 mm with 3 - 5 (usually 3) lateral ribs and 2 - 3 oblong and further 3 - 5 small round glands. Stylar beak usually straight, approximately 0.75 mm.
Cultivation
Grow at tropical temperatures with plenty of light and a rich substrate. It can stand lower temperatures however if acclimatised, though it will stay rather smaller and grow more slowly. Water conditions don't seem to be critical. In the smaller aquarium it will often quickly form emerse leaves, which prefer moist conditions and don't like being dried out by being too near lamps etc. It is easy to grow and makes a very good specimen plant for the larger aquarium.
Medicinal
It is suitable for aquariums and ornamental, and also medicinal use. The infusion tea leaf provides laxative. A survey has confirmed its effectiveness in cases of hypertension. It is also popularly used as a diuretic and antirheumatic against inflammation of skin and throat, rheumatism, arthritis and syphilis as blood purifier and eliminator of uric acid.
The plant produces a rhizome which a mass is extracted. This mass can be made sweet, like pumpkin. This candy is very good as blood cleanser.
The plant is used in the production of Brazilian soft drinks Mineirinho and Mate.
References
External links
Tropica
macrophyllus
Freshwater plants
Flora of Brazil
Flora of Guyana
Flora of Bolivia
Plants described in 1841 |
4003506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Piccolomini%20%28Jesuit%29 | Francesco Piccolomini (Jesuit) | Francesco Piccolomini (22 October 1582 – 17 June 1651) was an Italian Jesuit, elected the eighth Superior-General of the Society of Jesus.
After Vincenzo Carafa, the 7th Superior General of the Order, died on 8 February 1649, a General Congregation made of representatives of the various Jesuit provinces, met on 21 December of the same year and chose Piccolomini as his successor. He died after eighteen months in office.
Before his election as General he had been professor of philosophy at the Roman College; he died at the age of sixty-nine, having passed fifty-three years in the Society.
References
1582 births
1651 deaths
Piccolomini, Francisco
Francesco
17th-century Italian Jesuits |
5398830 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marxology | Marxology | Marxology is a systematic scholarly approach to the understanding of Karl Marx and Marxism. The term was first used by David Ryazanov, librarian of the Marx-Engels Institute in Moscow, around 1920 as he set out to publish the complete works of Marx and Engels. During the Second World War, Maximilien Rubel introduced the term into France. He was astonished by the lack of any sustained understanding of the life and works of Marx by self-proclaimed Marxists active in the French resistance during the occupation of Paris.
Marxology in the Soviet Union
A number of official publications in the Soviet Union praised Ryazanov as a Marxologist in 1930. He was:
“the most eminent Marxologist of our time”, Izvestia , 10 March 1930
“the most renowned and the most important of the Marxist scholars of our time” (Inprecor, no.26, 19 March 1930)
“under Riazonov’s direct scientific and administrative leadership, [the Marx-Engels Institute] accomplished impressive work …with his considerable scientific and investigative activity in the sphere of marxology”, Pravda
However during investigations in preparation for the 1931 Menshevik Trial, Ryazanov was implicated under duress by his colleague Isaak Illich Rubin and expelled from the Communist Party.
Some Marxologists
In 1982 the following were listed in Review: Tendencies in Marxology and Tendencies in History (1982):
Michel Henry: Marx: A Philosophy of Human Reality ([1976], English translation with Michel Henry: Marx: A Philosophy of Human Reality, 1983)
G. A. Cohen: Karl Marx's Theory of History (1978)
John McMurtry: The Structure of Marx's World-View (1978)
Melvin Rader: Marx's Interpretation of History (1979)
Robert Kurz: Geld ohne Wert : Grundrisse zu einer Transformation der Kritik der politischen ekonomie, and: Marx lesen! : die wichtigsten Texte von Karl Marx für das 21. Jahrhundert
Moishe Postone: Time labour and social domination (1993)
References
Marxism
Karl Marx |
5398833 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapeau | Chapeau | A chapeau is a flat-topped hat once worn by senior clerics.
In heraldry
In European ecclesiastical heraldry, it is used as a mark of ecclesiastical dignity, especially that of cardinals, where it is called the red chapeau. It is worn over the shield by way of crest, as mitres and coronets are. A galero chapeau is flat, very narrow atop, but with a broad brim, adorned with long silken strings interlaced; suspended from within with rows of tassels, called by the Italians fiocchi, increasing in number as they come lower. The hat was given to them by Innocent IV in 1250, but was not used in arms till the year 1300. Until that time, the cardinals were represented with mitres. Archbishops and patriarchs bore a green hat, with four rows of tassels; bishops wore the same color, but with three; abbots and apostolical prothonotaries with two.
The chapeau is also sometimes used as a mark of secular dignity, such as a cap or coronet armed with ermine, worn by dukes, etc. The crest is borne on the chapeau, and by the chapeau the crest and armorial shield are separated, it being a rule that no crest should touch the shield immediately.
Some forms of bicorne were designed to be folded flat, so that they could be conveniently tucked underneath the arm when not being worn. A bicorne of this style is also known as a chapeau-bras or chapeau-de-bras (literally "arm-hat").
Anglophone heraldries
In the Anglophone heraldries, a "chapeau" or cap of maintenance is a specific kind of hat. It occurs as a charge, but also more importantly as an exterior ornament, signifying rank.
The use of the chapeau in English heraldry is not as clear cut and regulated as in Scottish heraldry.
See also
List of hats and headgear
Bicorne
Tricorne
Cocked hat
Chapeau de Napoléon (in French)
References
External links
The Convention of The Baronage of Scotland: Chapeau
Caps
Hats
Headgear
Headgear in heraldry |
4003509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Millay | George Millay | George Millay (July 4, 1929 – February 6, 2006) was an American businessman and founder of SeaWorld and Wet 'n Wild water parks.
Millay was born July 4, 1929, at Mercy Hospital and grew up in Ocean Beach, San Francisco, and Hawaii. After serving three years in the Navy, he enrolled at UCLA. He graduated in 1955 and worked as a stockbroker.
In 1958, Millay and two partners who included David Tallichet, formed Speciality Restaurants Corporation, a destination-restaurant business. Their first location was a Polynesian-themed Reef in Long Beach. More than 100 restaurants across the U.S. followed, including the Proud Bird adjacent to Los Angeles International Airport, and 94th Aero Squadron near Van Nuys Airport.
After selling SRC to Tallichet, Millay envisioned creating an underwater zoo. Joining with two fraternity brothers and their former fraternity adviser, the group hoped to create an attraction to rival Marineland. SeaWorld opened in 1964 in San Diego, California. An orca named Shamu was added in 1965 and became one of its most successful attractions. Millay opened SeaWorld Ohio in 1970 and SeaWorld Orlando in 1973. He assisted in the development of Magic Mountain. In 1977, Millay developed the now-defunct Wet 'n Wild water park in Orlando, Florida.
World Waterpark Association
Founded in 1982, World Waterpark Association was inspired by Millay‘s creativity and success. Based in Overland Park, Kansas, World Waterpark Association is led by a volunteer board of directors, a Governance Committee, and a paid staff of directors and managers. Annually, WWA hosts a conference and Trade Show to educate members and to showcase waterpark products and services. The organization publishes the trade publication World Waterpark Magazine.
By the time Millay sold his company in 1998, ten Wet 'n Wild parks were in operation. Millay was inducted into the International Association of Amusement Parks and Attractions (IAAPA) Hall of Fame in 1994. Ten years later, the World Waterpark Association gave him their first ever Lifetime Achievement Award and named him the official "Father of the Waterpark".
Millay died on February 6, 2006 at age 76 due to complications from lung cancer treatment in San Diego.
References
1929 births
2006 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
American entertainment industry businesspeople
Businesspeople from San Diego
Deaths from cancer in California
20th-century American businesspeople |
4003511 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo%20Carafa | Vincenzo Carafa | Vincenzo Carafa (5 May 1585 – 6 June 1649) was an Italian Jesuit priest and spiritual writer, elected the seventh Superior-General of the Society of Jesus. He is a Servant of God.
Biography
Carafa was born in Andria (Italy), of the family of the Counts of Montorio, and a relative of Pope Paul IV. He entered the Society of Jesus on 4 October 1604, and was sixty years of age at his election as general. He died four years after.
He had taught philosophy and governed the principal house of the Society at Naples, and was provincial at the time of the election to the generalship. In 1635 he had published his Fascetto di Mirra (Bundle of Myrrh), which has been translated into several languages. He is the author of several other ascetical works, such as Cammino del Cielo, Cittadino del Cielo, Il Peregrino della terra, Idea Christiani hominis, and Il Serafino, all previous to his election. He wrote under the name Aloysius Sidereus.
Besides personal correspondence his only known writing as Superior General was his letter addressed to all Jesuits: De mediis conservandi primævum spiritum Societatis (The means of preserving the primitive spirit of the Society).
In 1648 Carafa called the forty-year old letterato Daniello Bartoli from his itinerant activities as a preacher around Italy to the Casa Professa (Rome) and a permanent position there as the official historian of the Jesuit order. The folio volumes of his Istoria della Compagnia di Gesù began to appear in 1650. Bartoli soon after Carafa's death in 1649 wrote and published the biography of the Neapolitan general. It includes the 1646 episode of Bartoli's shipwreck in a storm off Capri and his recuperation in Naples.
His short term in office coincided with the beginning of the controversy with Jansenist theologians and the troubles with Palafox, Bishop of Puebla. A great scandal occurred in Spain because of unsuccessful business speculations by a coadjutor brother, and in France on account of the open apostasy to Calvinism of a priest; but the martyrdom of Isaac Jogues, Brébeuf, Neville, and others in Canada and England showed that the Society's ancient fervour had not relaxed.
According to St Louis de Montfort in True Devotion to Mary, Carafa would wear an iron band around his feet as a mark of his servitude to Jesus.
The Bona Mors Confraternity was instituted at the suggestion of Father Carafa. He died in Rome, aged 64.
References
1585 births
1649 deaths
17th-century Italian Jesuits
Superiors General of the Society of Jesus
Italian Servants of God |
5398851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lennox%20Honychurch | Lennox Honychurch | Lennox Honychurch (born 27 December 1952) is Dominica's most noted historian and a politician. He is well known for writing 1975's The Dominica Story, the 1980s textbook series The Caribbean People, and the 1991 travel book Dominica: Isle of Adventure. Also an artist and a curator, he was largely responsible for compiling the exhibit information for The Dominica Museum in Roseau. Honychurch is the grandson of writer and politician Elma Napier.
Biography
Born in Portsmouth, Dominica, Lennox Honychurch can trace his lineage in the Caribbean back to the 1790s.
Honychurch attended the St. Mary's Academy secondary school. After publishing several works on the history of Dominica, Honychurch was awarded the Chevening Scholarship to study at Oxford University, where he gained a PhD at St. Hugh's College. He read for his MPhil and PhD in Anthropology and Museology in 1995.
Honychurch's first job in the early 1970s was as a radio journalist, enabling him to reach out to locals about the island's history with a series of radio vignettes.
Honychurch serves as a board member and founder of the Museum Association of the Caribbean. He was instrumental in setting up Dominica's national museum in Roseau and has consulted at other museums and heritage sites throughout the Caribbean, including the Betty's Hope Plantation in Antigua, Fort Frederick in Grenada and Fort Charlotte in St Vincent. He is developing an ecology and heritage center in the history buildings around Fort Shirley, an 18th-century garrison in Cabrits National Park. This work includes training tour guides and providing education on sustainable, responsible tourism for communities around heritage sites.
Political career
Honychurch served as a senator in the House of Assembly of Dominica from 1975 to 1979 as a member of the Dominica Freedom Party (DFP). When the DFP formed the government in 1980 he also served as Press Secretary to The Government of Dominica until 1981.
Work as historian
Honychurch's writing describes the history of Dominica and includes The Dominica Story, first published in 1975, Dominica: Isle of Adventure, published in 1991, a three-book series entitled The Caribbean People (1995), Dominica's Cabrits and Prince Rupert's Bay (2013), and In the Forests of Freedom: The Fighting Maroons of Dominica (2017).
In addition to his books, Honychurch has published several academic articles and organized the first international conference on Dominican writer Jean Rhys in 2004.
Honychurch is an expert in the First Peoples of the Caribbean and has collected archival material related to Amerindian-African contact. His graduate theses focused on the contact and culture exchange which took place between the indigenous Kalinago people of the Lesser Antilles and the people who arrived from Europe and Africa.
Work as artist
Honychurch is a poet and painter. His murals adorn churches throughout Dominica, the main post office in Roseau, and the national museum. He is also a Carnival artist.
Awards
On 9 April 2011, Honychurch was awarded the Anthony N. Sabga Caribbean Awards for Excellence, in the category of Arts and Letters.
In 2012, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the University of the West Indies and is an Honorary Research Fellow at the university.
He is a recipient of the Golden Drum Award for preservation of Dominica's cultural heritage as well as the Dominica Sisserou Medal of Honour for his contribution to historical and archaeological research.
Selected writings
The Dominica Story (1975)
Dominica: Isle of Adventure (1991)Caribbean Camera: A Journey Through the Islands (1992)
The Caribbean People (three-book series; 1995)
Dominica's Cabrits and Prince Rupert's Bay (2013)In the Forests of Freedom: The Fighting Maroons of Dominica (2017)
References
External links
Official site
Raymond Ramcharitar, "Lennox Honychurch: Icon of the island", Caribbean Beat, Issue 113, November/December 2011.
Lisa Paravisini, "Dominica Times profiles Lennox Honychurch as he wins Sabga Award", Repeating Islands'', 20 April 2011.
Dominica male writers
Dominica historians
Members of the House of Assembly of Dominica
1952 births
Living people
Dominica Freedom Party politicians
People from Saint John Parish, Dominica
Alumni of St Hugh's College, Oxford
Historians of the Caribbean |
5398863 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandra%20Mackey | Sandra Mackey | Sandra Mackey (née Sherman; September 13, 1937 – April 19, 2015) was an American writer on Middle Eastern culture and politics.
Early life and education
Mackey was born Sandra Sherman in Oklahoma City, the daughter of funeral directors Velt Sherman Verna Richie Sherman.
Mackey first earned a bachelor's degree in history from the University of Central Oklahoma, followed by an M.A. in International Affairs from the University of Virginia.
Career
Mackey taught political science at Georgia State University. She served as a visiting scholar in the Woodrow Wilson Department of Government and Foreign Affairs at the University of Virginia. Her writings appeared in such periodicals as the Chicago Tribune, Los Angeles Times, The Wall Street Journal, and The Christian Science Monitor.
In addition to appearing on NPR, Nightline, ABC News with Peter Jennings and the BBC, she served as a commentator on the first Gulf War for CNN. Her book Lebanon: Death of a Nation was named to The New York Times list of Notable Books of 1989.
Death
Mackey died on April 19, 2015, aged 77. She and her husband, Dan, had a son, Colin, who survives his mother.
Selected works
Books written by Sandra Mackey include:
The Saudis: Inside the Desert Kingdom, W. W. Norton and Co., New York, 1987; .
Updated edition issued in 2002; pbk
Lebanon: Death of a Nation, W.W. Norton and Co., New York, 1989; .
Passion and Politics: The Turbulent World of the Arabs, Penguin Group, New York, 1992;
The Iranians: Persia, Islam and the Soul of a Nation, Penguin Group, New York, 1996;
The Reckoning: Iraq and the Legacy of Saddam Hussein, W. W. Norton, New York, 2003;
Lebanon: a House Divided, W. W. Norton, New York, 2006;
Mirror of the Arab World: Lebanon in Conflict, W. W. Norton, New York, 2008;
See also
Iranian studies
References
External links
Lecture at University of California Santa Barbara (introduction), ihc.ucsb.edu; accessed April 21, 2015.
2015 deaths
1937 births
Writers from Oklahoma City
University of Virginia alumni
Georgia State University alumni
International relations scholars
Women political scientists
20th-century American writers
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American writers
21st-century American women writers
University of Central Oklahoma alumni |
4003514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanaprastham | Vanaprastham | Vanaprastham: The Last Dance () is a 1999 Indo-French psychological drama period film in Malayalam-language that was directed by Shaji N. Karun. It was produced by Pierre Assouline and co-produced by Mohanlal. The screenplay was written by Karun and Raghunath Paleri (who also wrote the dialogues) based on a story by Assouline. It features Mohanlal in the lead role, with Suhasini Maniratnam, Mattannur Sankarankutty Marar, Kalamandalam Gopi, Venmani Haridas, and Kukku Parameshwaram in supporting roles. The film's music was composed by Zakir Hussain.
Set in the 1950s in Travancore, the plot follows a lower-caste Kathakali artist Kunjikuttan (Mohanlal). Subhadra (Suhasini), a member of an aristocratic family sees him perform Arjuna. Lost between reality and fiction she falls in love with the character. Their relationship leads to the birth of a child, who is hidden away by Subhadra from Kunjikuttan for almost a lifetime.
The film premiered at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 1999, where it was selected at the Un Certain Regard section, and was theatrically released in France on 13 October 1999 and in India on 25 December 1999. The film was nominated for the Grand Jury Prize at the American Film Institute's 1999 AFI Fest (Los Angeles International Film Festival). It won the Special Prize of the Jury at the Istanbul International Film Festival and the FIPRESCI prize at the Mumbai International Film Festival. The film won three awards at the 47th National Film Awards—Best Feature Film, Best Actor (Mohanlal), and Best Editing (A. Sreekar Prasad), and six awards at the 1999 Kerala State Film Awards, including Best Director and Best Actor (Mohanlal). In 2014, Vanaprastham was screened retrospective at the 45th International Film Festival of India in the Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema section.
Plot
The story revolves around a male Kathakali artist Kunhikuttan, an admirable and respected performer but a member of a lower caste. He struggles to come to terms with the rejection and estrangement of his father, a member of an upper caste who denies his son. Poor, unhappy, and stuck in an arranged marriage that provides no relief, he gets by for the sake of his daughter.
One night, whilst performing as Putana from Poothanamoksham from the epic Mahabharata on stage, his performance is witnessed by Subhadra, an educated and married upper-caste women, niece of the Dewan and an aspiring composer. Impressed by his performance she invites him to play Arjuna in her adaptation of Subhadraharanam. Defying the norms of India's rigid caste system, the two have an affair which results in a son.
But it soon becomes clear that Subhadra loves the character Arjuna from his stage performances, and not Kunhikuttan the artist. More in love with the valiant, noble hero of the Mahabharata, than the lower-caste dancer Kunhikuttan, she rejects him and refuses to let him see his son.
Denied access to his son, and rejected by his father, Kunhikuttan returns to the stage, leaving behind his hero roles to play demonic characters, reaching within the dark corners of his mind, becoming increasingly resentful and full of anger, until one last dance which brings the feature to a stunning end Subhadraharanam.
Cast
Mohanlal as Kunjikuttan
Suhasini Mani Ratnam as Subhadra
Mattannur Sankarankutty Marar as Raman
Kukku Parameswaran as Savithri
Venmani Haridas as Vasu Namboothiri
Kalamandalam Gopi as Kunju Nair
Venmani Vishnu as Pisharadi
Kalamandalam Kesavan as Thirumeni
Bindu Panicker as Bhageerathi
Sindhu Shyam
Arun as Child Kunhikuttan
Release
The film premiered at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival on 21 May 1999, where it was selected at the Un Certain Regard section. In 2014, the film was screened retrospective during the 45th International Film Festival of India in the Celebrating Dance in Indian cinema section.
Writing for Variety, film critic Emanuel Levy said that "The Last Dance, which marks noted Indian cinematographer-director Shaji Karun's third appearance in Cannes, is an elaborately produced, exceedingly handsome period film about the art form of Kathakali, which combines dance, pantomime and theater [...] Through his meticulous mise-en-scene and well-crafted production, director Karun offers poignant commentary on the political and mythic role of artists in a rapidly changing society, and the fine line between the characters they play onstage and off".
Awards
The film has been nominated for the following awards since its release:
1999 Cannes Film Festival
Competed at the Un Certain Regard section
1999 AFI Fest (United States)
Nominated - Grand Jury Prize - Shaji N. Karun
1999 Istanbul International Film Festival
Won - Special Prize of the Jury - Shaji N. Karun
1999 Mumbai International Film Festival
Won - FIPRESCI prize - Shaji N. Karun
47th National Film Awards
Won - Best Feature Film - Pierre Assouline, Mohanlal
Won - Best Actor - Mohanlal
Won - Best Editing - A. Sreekar Prasad, Joseph Guinvarch
1999 Kerala State Film Awards
Won - Best Actor - Mohanlal
Won - Best Director - Shaji N. Karun
Won - Best Editor - A. Sreekar Prasad, Joseph Guinvarch
Won - Best Sound Recordist - Lakshmy Narayana, Bruno Tarrière
Won - Best Processing Lab - Prasad Colour Lab
Won - Best Make-up Artist - M.O.Devasya, Saleem
1999 Filmfare Awards South
Won - Best Actor in Malayalam - Mohanlal
Won - Best Cinematographer – South - Santosh Sivan
Other awards
Won - Kerala Film Critics Association Awards for Best Actor - Mohanlal
Won - Mathrubhumi Film Award for Best Actor - Mohanlal
Soundtrack
The music for the film was composed by Zakir Hussain. The soundtrack album was distributed by Universal Music France, it was released on 1 October 1999 in Europe.
Legacy
Vanaprastham was the first Indian film made in Panavision format. Mohanlal's performance in the film is often regarded by critics as one of the best performances in his career. Vanaprastham was Karun's third directorial after Piravi (1989) and Swaham (1994) and it was the third time his film getting selection at the Cannes Film Festival. After the screening of the film, the Government of France conferred him with the title Ordre des Arts et des Lettres (Chevalier); Karun responded that "I think they gave me the award because all three of my films were premiered at Cannes - a very rare honour". Impressed with his work in Vanaprastham, A. Sreekar Prasad was hired by Mani Ratnam for editing Alaipayuthey (their first collaboration), who later becomes his regular editor. In 2005, Mohanlal listed Vanaprastham in his list of top ten best Indian films of all time. In 2013, in an online poll conducted by CNN-IBN on their website as part of the 100 years celebration of Indian cinema, Vanaprastham came ninth in the poll for finding the "greatest Indian film ever". In 2016, on the occasion of India celebrating its 70th Independence day, news agency NDTV compiled a list called "70 Years, 70 Great Films" and Vanaprastham was among the four Malayalam films that found place in the list.
References
External links
1999 films
1999 drama films
1990s psychological drama films
1990s Malayalam-language films
French dance films
Indian dance films
French psychological drama films
Indian psychological drama films
French independent films
Indian independent films
Films set in the 1930s
Kathakali
Films about the caste system in India
Pranavam Arts International films
Films directed by Shaji N. Karun
Films featuring a Best Actor National Award-winning performance
Best Feature Film National Film Award winners
Films whose editor won the Best Film Editing National Award |
4003535 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley%20Ardell%20Mason | Shirley Ardell Mason | Shirley Ardell Mason (January 25, 1923 – February 26, 1998) was an American art teacher who was reputed to have dissociative identity disorder (previously known as multiple personality disorder). Her life was purportedly described, with adaptations to protect her anonymity, in 1973 in the book Sybil, subtitled The True Story of a Woman Possessed by 16 Separate Personalities. Two films of the same name were made, one released in 1976 and the other in 2007. Both the book and the films used the name Sybil Isabel Dorsett to protect Mason's identity, though the 2007 remake stated Mason's name at its conclusion.
Mason's diagnosis and treatment under Cornelia B. Wilbur have been criticized, with allegations that Wilbur manipulated or possibly misdiagnosed Mason.
Biography
Shirley Mason was born and raised in Dodge Center, Minnesota, the only surviving child of Walter Wingfield Mason (a carpenter and architect) and Martha Alice "Mattie" Atkinson. In regard to Mason's mother: "...many people in Dodge Center say Mattie" — "Hattie" in the book — "was bizarre," according to Bettie Borst Christensen, who grew up across the street. "She had a witch-like laugh....She didn't laugh much, but when she did, it was like a screech." Christensen remembers Mason's mother walking around after dark, looking in the neighbors' windows. At one point, Martha Mason was reportedly diagnosed with schizophrenia.
Shirley Mason graduated from Dodge Center High School in 1941 and became an art student at Mankato State College, now Minnesota State University, Mankato. In the early 1950s, she was a substitute teacher and a student at Columbia University. She had long suffered from blackouts and emotional breakdowns, and finally entered psychotherapy with Cornelia B. Wilbur, a Freudian psychiatrist. Their sessions together are the basis of the book. From 1970–71, she taught art at Rio Grande College in Rio Grande, Ohio (now the University of Rio Grande).
Some people in Mason's home town, reading the book, recognized Mason as Sybil. By that time, Mason had severed nearly all ties with her past and was living in West Virginia. She later moved to Lexington, Kentucky, where she lived near Wilbur. She taught art classes at a community college and ran an art gallery out of her home for many years.
Wilbur diagnosed Mason with breast cancer in 1990, and she declined treatment; it later went into remission. The following year, Wilbur developed Parkinson's disease, and Mason moved into Wilbur's house to take care of her until Wilbur's death in 1992. Mason was a devout Seventh-day Adventist. When her breast cancer returned Mason gave away her books and paintings to friends. She left the rest of her estate to a Seventh-day Adventist TV minister. Mason died on February 26, 1998.
Over one hundred paintings were found locked in a closet in Mason's Lexington home when it was being emptied after her estate sale. These paintings, often referred to as the "Hidden Paintings", span the years 1943, eleven years before starting psychotherapy with Wilbur, to 1965, the year that Wilbur diagnosed her as having her alternate personalities integrated. Several of the paintings were signed by Mason. However, many remained unsigned, and include examples of some of the artwork presumably created by, and signed by the alternate personalities.
Sybil
Flora Rheta Schreiber's non-fiction book Sybil: The True Story of a Woman Possessed by 16 Separate Personalities told a version of Mason's story with names and details changed to protect her anonymity. The book, whose veracity was challenged (e.g., Sybil Exposed by Debbie Nathan), stated that Mason had multiple personalities as a result of severe child sexual abuse at the hands of her mother, who, Wilbur believed, had schizophrenia.
The book was made into a highly acclaimed TV movie starring Sally Field and Joanne Woodward, in 1976. The TV movie was remade in 2007 with Tammy Blanchard and Jessica Lange.
Controversy
Mason's diagnosis has been challenged. Psychiatrist Herbert Spiegel saw Mason for several sessions while Wilbur was on vacation and felt that Wilbur was manipulating Mason into behaving as though she had multiple personalities when she did not. Spiegel suspected Wilbur of having publicized Mason's case for financial gain. According to Spiegel, Wilbur's client was a hysteric but did not show signs of multiple personalities; in fact, he later stated that Mason denied to him that she was "multiple" but claimed that Wilbur wanted her to exhibit other personalities. Spiegel confronted Wilbur, who responded that the publisher would not publish the book unless it was what she said it was.
Spiegel revealed that he possessed audio tapes in which Wilbur tells Mason about some of the other personalities she has already seen in prior sessions. Spiegel believes these tapes are the "smoking gun" proving that Wilbur induced her client to believe she was multiple. Spiegel made these claims 24 years later, after Schreiber, Wilbur and Mason had all died and he was finally asked about the topic.
In August 1998, psychologist Robert Rieber of John Jay College of Criminal Justice stated that the tapes belonged to him and that Wilbur had given them to him decades earlier. He cited the tapes to challenge Mason's diagnosis. Rieber had never interviewed or treated Mason but asserted that she was an "extremely suggestible hysteric." He claimed Wilbur had manipulated Mason in order to secure a book deal.
In a review of Rieber's book, psychiatrist Mark Lawrence asserts that Rieber repeatedly distorted the evidence and left out a number of important facts about Mason's case to advance his case against the validity of the diagnosis.<ref>{{cite journal|last=Lawrence|first=M|volume=50|issue=3|pages=273–83|title=Review of Bifurcation of the Self: The history and theory of dissociation and its disorders|journal=American Journal of Clinical Hypnosis|year=2008|doi=10.1080/00029157.2008.10401633|s2cid=219594172}}</ref>
Debbie Nathan's Sybil Exposed draws upon an archive of Schreiber's papers stored at John Jay College of Criminal Justice and other first-hand sources. Nathan claims that Wilbur, Mason, and Schreiber knowingly perpetrated a fraud and describes the purported manipulation of Wilbur by Mason and vice versa and that the case created an "industry" of repressed memory. Nathan hypothesizes that Mason's physical and sensory issues may have been due to untreated pernicious anemia, the symptoms of which were mistaken at the time for psychogenic issues. She notes that after Mason was treated with calf's-liver supplements for chronic blood disorders as a child and young woman, her psychological symptoms likewise went into remission for years at a time, and that Wilbur herself noted that "Sybil" suffered from pernicious anemia later in life. Nathan's writing and her research methods have been publicly criticized by Mason's family and by Dr. Patrick Suraci, who was personally acquainted with Shirley Mason.
In addition, Suraci claims that Spiegel behaved unethically in withholding tapes which supposedly proved Wilbur had induced Mason to believe she had multiple personalities. Spiegel also claimed to have made films of himself hypnotizing Mason, supposedly proving that Wilbur had "implanted false memories" in her mind, but when Suraci asked to see the films Spiegel said he had lost them.Patrick Suraci, "Sybil In Her Own Words", Review of Sybil Exposed with commentary about Nathan and Spiegel, Huffington Post, December 15, 2011. Although Wilbur's papers were destroyed, copies and excerpts within Flora Rheta Schreiber's papers at the Lloyd Sealy Library of John Jay College were unsealed in 1998.
In 2013, Nancy Preston published After Sybil'', a personal memoir which includes facsimile reproductions of Mason's personal letters to her, along with color plates of her paintings. According to Preston, Mason taught art at Ohio's Rio Grande College, where Preston was a student. The two became close friends and corresponded until a few days before Mason's death. In the letters, Mason claimed that she had had multiple personalities.
References
1923 births
1998 deaths
Artists from Lexington, Kentucky
Deaths from cancer in Kentucky
Columbia University alumni
Deaths from breast cancer
People from Dodge Center, Minnesota
Minnesota State University, Mankato alumni
Kentucky women artists
American Seventh-day Adventists
People with dissociative identity disorder |
5398864 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20student%20protests%20in%20Chile | 2006 student protests in Chile | The 2006 student protests in Chile (also known as the Penguins' Revolution or The March of the Penguins, because of the students' uniform) were a series of ongoing student voice protests carried out by high school students across Chile (from late April to early June 2006) against the privatization of the Chilean education system, implemented by dictator Augusto Pinochet in the 1970's. The protests peaked on May 30th, when 790,000 students adhered to strikes and protests throughout the country, becoming Chile's largest student demonstration of the past three decades and the first political crisis of president Michelle Bachelet's administration.
Over 400 educational establishments adhered to the protests and paralyzed all classes and extracurricular activities. The protests started with the early and organized support of 100 establishments (schools) that started taking action on Friday, May 26th.
Amongst the students' short-term demands were free travel passes on buses and the waiving of the university admissions test (PSU) fee, while the longer term demands included: the abolition of the Organic Constitutional Act of Teaching (LOCE), the end to municipalization of subsidized education, a reform to the Full-time School Day policy (JEC) and a quality education for all.
On June 1, Bachelet addressed the nation by television, announcing several new measures for education that met most of the students' demands. On June 7 the president announced a 73-member presidential advisory committee – promised by Bachelet on her speech to discuss the students' long-term demands – which included six seats reserved for high school students. Initially hesitant to join the committee, on June 9 the student assembly finally accepted the invitation and called for an immediate end to strikes and school take-overs.
On August 23, around 2,000 students were marching in Santiago and other cities in the country, in protest of the slow speed that the reforms were taking place. The rally eventually got violent when small groups turned away from the peaceful demonstrations and started throwing rocks at the police. The police responded with tear gas and water cannons. More than 200 of the demonstrators were arrested and over a dozen were injured.
Background
The Organic Constitutional Act of Teaching or LOCE (Act Nº 18,962) was enacted on March 7, 1990, and came into force on March 10, the last day of Pinochet's 16 year dictatorship. Despite being widely criticized by both students and teachers as well as the ruling coalition (Concertación), it has remained largely unmodified since the restoration of democracy.
Critics of LOCE point out that it reduces the state's participation in education to a solely regulatory and protective role, whilst the true responsibility of education has been transferred to private and public corporations (public schools being managed by local governments — Municipalidades), thus reducing the participation that students, parents, teachers and non-academic employees had previously enjoyed in their schools.
During the 1990s, one of the main objectives of the Concertación administration was a so-called Educational Reform. One of the main pillars of this reform, launched during the Eduardo Frei Ruiz-Tagle administration, was the Jornada Escolar Completa, JEC (Full-time School Day policy) — a plan to increase the hours that high school students actually spend in classrooms (in many cases not increasing the number of additional classrooms and other infrastructure required). However, many consider that the quality of education has dropped to worrying levels despite the high level of government spending on public education. Studies have showed that the JEC still has not been correctly implemented nor has it achieved the desired results.
Since 2000 a new demand has emerged with respect to the transport system's school pass and the new University Selection Test, and although much progress was made in some areas, the core of the students' demands have remained unsolved as of 2006.
The Penguin Movements were not a new phenomenon: its roots lie in the nineteenth century. Modern Chile has one of the highest levels of inequality in the world. Yet the country enjoyed a remarkable political stability since the return to democracy in 1990. In October 2019, though, what had seemed to be an oasis within Latin America erupted as the most intense and dramatic social unrest in Chilean recent history. Inequality is at the root of this social earthquake. The President and his advisors seemed to be puzzled: they thought that the negative consequences of inequality on well-being had been counterbalanced by the high average income of Chileans. If Chile wants to continue human-capital based development following the model of high-income countries, stronger redistribution elements in the tax system are necessary to reduce inequality.
Initial demonstrations
Following the announcement on April 24 of a new increase in fees for the PSU (up to $28,000 Chilean Pesos or around US$50) and the rumored introduction of a new restriction in the students' transport pass (Pase Escolar) that would limit reduced bus fares to only two travels per day, several public schools in Santiago organized demonstrations in the Alameda Avenue (Santiago's main street) demanding gratuity for transport passes, bus fares and university admissions tests. These demonstrations ended in some outbursts of violence — the Carabineros (the uniformed police) subsequently arrested 47 secondary students on April 26.
In the following days, new demonstrations took place without the permission of the regional authority. Despite the Ministry of Education acceding to minor demands, the students were left unsatisfied.
On May Day, secondary students of Santiago took part in a massive demonstration on Parque Almagro, near downtown Santiago. Violence again erupted and 1,024 students were arrested by the police in Santiago as well as in other cities throughout the country. The violence was consequently condemned by the Government.
Take-overs
Following three weeks of protests, little progress for the students' demands had been achieved. A turning point arose when students of the prestigious school Instituto Nacional and Liceo de Aplicación overran the school campuses during the night of May 19, 2006 demanding an improvement in the educational reform including: the ending of the system of schools being run by municipalities (present since 1982), the abolition of the LOCE, as well as a clear declaration by President Bachelet in her traditional May 21 speech to the National Congress. In her speech, the President only indirectly referred to the students' demands and instead focused in condemning the students' recent acts of violence.
The government's reply did not satisfy the students' leaders who called for the continuation of demonstrations, even though the Instituto Nacional students desisted in its school take-over in exchange for a school strike which was supported by teachers, parents and the school administrators alike. Occupations of several Liceos (public high schools) continued — among others Liceo A-13 (formerly, Confederación Suiza) and Liceo Carmela Carvajal — and two failed attempts to occupy the Liceo José Victorino Lastarria in Providencia. Although peaceful, the occupations were rejected by the government and the Education Minister Martín Zilic, broke off negotiations stating that he would not come back to the table as long as the mobilizations continued.
However, the ministerial strategy of avoiding dialogue did not work out. Since April 24, there were fourteen schools either occupied or on strike including the Liceo Nº1 de Niñas — the school that President Bachelet herself attended as a student.
That same night, eleven schools in Santiago downtown, Ñuñoa, Estación Central, La Cisterna, Maipú, Providencia and Recoleta were occupied by students. The students received political support from deputies from the governing coalition, the College of Teachers and other institutions, leaving Minister Zilic in a fragile position. He finally called for a new round of negotiations with "all representatives of schools in conflict" which was scheduled for the following Monday May 29. Throughout the day, more schools were occupied in Arica, Iquique, Valparaíso, Rancagua and Concepción.
On May 26, the situation escalated, as students from Maipú, San Miguel, Las Condes, Puente Alto and Pudahuel carried out peaceful marches and private schools adhered to the events. One-hundred thousand students (and up to a 100 schools) were on mass demonstrations throughout the country. Meanwhile, the ACES called for a national strike on Tuesday May 30, which was supported by the Student Federation of the University of Chile (FECH), and the Teachers National Union.
Public opinion became increasingly critical of the government and its mishandling of the crisis, forcing President Bachelet to express her will to reestablish a dialogue "in an agenda without exclusions" but reaffirming that this new stand was not a contradiction nor a defeat: "What we have here is the decision to sit down to talk and listen. There will be things which we agree on and there will be others which we do not".
The last opportunity to avoid a nationwide strike was the meeting called by the Minister Zilic with the representatives of the schools in conflict. However, this meeting was not presided by the minister himself but rather by the deputy minister Pilar Romaguera, a situation which was rejected by the students. In addition, the site chosen for the negotiations did not have the capacity for the approximately one hundred student representatives, leading to the secondary students refusing to continue the negotiations unless all school representatives were in one room. The government maintained confidence in continuing negotiations, refusing to consider the situation as a failure and insisting that a small step had been achieved.
After the breakdown of the meeting, the ACES reorganized itself into six regional branches and set up a meeting with senators of both the Concertación and the Alliance for Chile, another sign of the widespread support the movement had won across the political spectrum.
First national strike
According to ACES, more than 250 schools were paralyzed on May 30, 2006 in a day that was characterized by diverse acts of violence, despite many calls to carry out peaceful demonstrations. The secondary students' call to strike was followed by university students from Universidad de Chile, Universidad Católica and the Universidad de Santiago. The actual number of students on strike was calculated at between 600,000 and one million.
During that morning, President Bachelet, summoned her Political Team — the Ministers of Interior, Finance, Gen. Sec. of Gov. and Gen. Sec. of the Presidency — as well as Minister Zilic to a special meeting in La Moneda. Zilic was sent away to meet directly that afternoon with 23 student leaders at the National Library — a neutral place chosen because of the symbolism of being Chile's main public library.
In other areas of the country, a number of demonstrations took place, many being broken up by the police. The main incidents took place in Maipú, Puente Alto, La Florida (all large middle-class districts of Santiago) and in Santiago itself, around the Liceo de Applicación and the University of Chile's head office. The police were widely criticized for firing tear gas at people gathered outside the National Library, waiting for the meeting's resolution.
The press showed images of policemen arresting students and bystanders inside buses and private houses, and even press members being attacked by the police's special forces. Fighting extended throughout the night, with 725 people arrested and 26 injured. The actions of the police were strongly repelled by the public. Some of the strongest reactions came from the press and the President herself:
Despite having initially backed the police, the regional government and the Interior Minister, Andrés Zaldívar, later severely criticized them as did the Gen. Director of Carabineros who opened an investigation and dismissed ten officers including the Special Forces Prefect and his deputy.
Further demonstrations, mostly peaceful, took place in Temuco and Valparaíso, with some riots in Santiago's Plaza Italia, resulting in the arrest on May 31 of 54 people.
Ongoing negotiations
On May 31, 2006, ACES members gathered at the Instituto Nacional to analyze the Minister's proposal to exempt the PSU fees for applicants of the population's three lowest-income quintiles. After hours of debate by the hundreds of student leaders, their spokespersons declared their disagreement with the proposal and extended an ultimatum for the following Monday in which they would call for a national general strike, which would also include university students, teachers and workers.
Minister Zilic met with the students again at the Recoleta Domínica, an old church in Santiago. After seven hours of negotiations the students declared that they had not received new offers and that their call for a general strike would continue. Zilic declared the unwillingness of the government to negotiate under such pressure.
In the evening of June 1 president Bachelet addressed the nation by radio and television to announce new non-negotiable measures on education:
Reorganization of the Ministry of Education, creating a separate regulatory institution to allow for independent supervision by a superintendence.
Establishment of an Assistant Presidential Council on Education with the task of proposing measures to improve the quality of education.
Reform of the LOCE and the Constitution, consecrating not only the freedom of education, but also the right to quality education as well as outlawing any unjustified discrimination of students by institutions. This measure is intended to prohibit the present practice of many schools of selecting the best students and blocking or expelling the worst ones.
Benefits for half a million new students in free lunches and meals in 2006, to be extended to 770,000 by 2007.
Extensive investment in infrastructure in 520 schools and the replacement of school furniture in 1,200.
Free Transport Pass (Pase Escolar) for the most needy students, as well as extending use to seven days a week, twenty four hours a day for all students.
Free PSU for 150,000 students, equivalent to 80% of annual applicants.
Bachelet also referred specifically to the government's incapacity to deliver free transport fare to all students, due to prohibitively high costs (166 billion Chilean pesos annually, US$300 million), which she equated to the funding of 33,000 new social houses, the whole cost of the health system or the creation of seventeen new fully equipped hospitals. Nevertheless, she did announce a 25% rise in family benefits for 2007 that would affect 968,000 beneficiaries. The following day, the economic proposals were detailed by the Finance Minister Andrés Velasco who announced that the total cost of the measures would reach 60 million dollars in 2006 and 138 million dollars per year from 2007 onwards.
The students met to analyze the president's proposal at the Instituto Superior de Comercio (Insuco) on June 2. After a long meeting of more than eight hours, the ACES met with the Education minister. Close to 10 p.m., Minister Zilic announced that he had not been able to reach an agreement with the students, which was later confirmed by the student spokespersons, who further announced another meeting for the following day in the Internado Nacional Barros Arana in order to organize the national strike to take place on June 5.
Second national strike and movement decay
On 3 June 2006, the Coordinating Assembly held a new assembly in the Internado Nacional Barros Arana. However, speculation began to arise concerning a split between the radical and moderate groups of the Assembly, which would explain the resignation of César Valenzuela as spokesperson (he insisted that he had stepped down in order to look after his sick mother). Rumors began to spread that some of the traditional schools of Providencia and Santiago were holding parallel talks with Zilic and that one of the leaders of the Assembly, the communist spokesperson María Jesús Sanhueza, had been removed because of her extremist positions. Nevertheless, the ACES later expressed that all of these rumors were unfounded and part of a government strategy to undermine the movement.
Meanwhile, more than one hundred groups showed their support for the Monday 5 June strike, including a call from the Frente Patriótico Manuel Rodríguez (FPMR) to march in protest, contrary to the wishes of the student leaders who had called for peaceful demonstrations from within the schools. The call from the FPMR provoked much annoyance in the government (motivating the Minister Ricardo Lagos Weber to declare that this act was condemnable); however, the student leaders expressed that the FPMR were within their rights to demonstrate as they wished but that they should assume full responsibility for their actions.
The strike was held on Monday with the additional support of university students, high school teachers, truckers and workers amongst other unions. There was relative calm during the morning apart from a few minor isolated incidents close to the Plaza Italia by an unauthorized march and the burning of tires in the Alameda and Del Sol Highway around 7 a.m. Throughout the country, protest activity was dissimilar: while there were almost no protests in Punta Arenas, more than 140 establishments in the Bío-Bío Region, 58 in Iquique, 9 in Coihaique were occupied as well as the only school on Easter Island. Peaceful marches took place in Osorno, Puerto Montt and La Serena as well as Valparaíso where more than 12,000 people peacefully gathered.
In Santiago, the majority of the occupied schools underwent protests of a cultural nature, within their premises, the largest of which took place in the Instituto Nacional and the nearby University of Chile's main campus. Nevertheless, as the afternoon wore on, disorderly behavior and looting began to take place which led to the mobilization of the Carabineros, who later attacked the people gathered at the Instituto Nacional with tear-gas and water cannons, which according to Germán Westhoff, President of the Student Center, was a "provocation on the part of the Carabineros". In all, more than 240 people were detained during this day of mobilizations.
On June 6, the student assembly wrote a letter to the Minister of Internal Affairs informing him that they saw the creation of a presidential advisory committee — announced by Bachelet in her speech of June 1 to discuss the long-term demands — as a positive step, adding that it should include students, teachers, school administrators, education experts and other social stakeholders and that half of them should be determined by the student assembly. This petition was rejected by the government because it was considered excessive, explaining that the president was free to decide who should be included. On June 7, the president announced a committee of 73 members, which included six seats reserved for high school students.
According to El Mercurio, on 7 June, 50 schools in Santiago and 175 across the country ended the strikes and were ready to return to classes. According to La Tercera, the number of schools ending mobilizations was close to 500.
On June 9 the student assembly agreed to participate in the committee and put an end to strikes and school take-overs.
See also
2006 labor protests in France
2008 student protests in Chile
2011–13 Chilean student protests
Chilean transition to democracy
Education in Chile
2019 Chilean protests
Mochilazo
References
External links
"Ley Orgánica Constitucional de Enseñanza" (PDF file)
"La voz de los estudiantes a todo volumen" (EMOL.com special report)
"La marcha de los estudiantes" (EMOL.com special report)
"Guía para entender las demandas al Gobierno" (La Tercera special report)
"Chile's Student Protests and the Democratization of a Semi-Democratic Society" (Council on Hemispheric Affairs)
Student strikes
Student protests in Chile
Student protests
Student protests
Social history of Chile |
5398879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-3-8%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-3-8 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-3-8 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-3-8 District includes a section of the Chittenden County city of South Burlington defined as follows:
The rest of South Burlington is in Chittenden-3-7, Chittenden-3-9, and Chittenden-3-10.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Chittenden-3-8 District had a population of 3,717 in that same census, 8.43% below the state average. It has the fewest residents per representative of any district in Vermont.
District Representative
Ann D. Pugh, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-3-1 through Chittenden-3-10 districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics (PDF)
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
South Burlington, Vermont |
4003542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crompton%20House%20Church%20of%20England%20Academy | Crompton House Church of England Academy | Crompton House CE School is a coeducational Church of England secondary school and sixth form located in the High Crompton area of Shaw and Crompton in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham, Greater Manchester, England.
It was established in 1926 when Crompton House was donated by a prominent local land owner, Mary Crompton, to the Church of England to be used as a school. The school has expanded over the years as its reputation and achievements have increased along with the size of its intake. The school is affiliated with the Church of England, and younger pupils are required to attend the Anglican church in order to be admitted to the school, although this is subject to change given the additional 112 pupils per year for the 2018 intake. This is not the case for the sixth form, admission to which is based on secular grounds. Crompton House uses a house system. All pupils are in mixed year group houses, which include Cocker, Crompton, Ormerod and Ridley. These House names are the surnames of individuals who have contributed to the creation of Crompton House as a school.
The school has proposed expansion plans, with planning consolation currently underway, expected to increase staff from the current 100 teachers and the total number of students by 50% from 1120 students to 1680 students for the 2018 intake. (an additional 112 places per year group in year 7 to year 11)
The buildings are currently made up of a number of 19th-century buildings and modern extensions, although a potential redesigns are currently underway to allow the accommodation of the additional 560 students.
In January 2019, the school was rated 'Good' by Ofsted.
Crompton House underwent an expansion process, creating a new three-storey building on the grounds of the rugby pitch to allow an increase of 50% (560 pupils), details of the current planning application can be found on the Oldham Councils Website. Given the need for additional pupils is due to international immigration (source Oldham Council Future Education Provision), a change to the admissions policy is also anticipated.
The school has experienced rapid declines in GCSE performance. Between 2017 and 2019, the percentage of students who obtained Grade 5 or above in English & Maths GCSEs fell from 60% to 45%. Performance in Progress 8, a metric of how much improvement was made by students between KS2 and KS4, was below the national average. Disadvantaged pupils performed significantly worse than the national average in all metrics and worse than the local average in most.
History
Crompton House, much like Crompton Hall, was originally a primary dwelling of the Crompton family, who since the Norman Conquest had a majority land ownership of Shaw and Crompton. Crompton House was donated in 1926 by Mary Crompton and her cousin, Anne Ormerod, on the understanding it would become a school with a strong Christian ethos. The then Dean of Manchester, Dr. Hewlett Johnson, declared open the new Higher Grade Church School to be known as Crompton House School on 29 September and the first 25 pupils were admitted on 1 October. It is now a co-educational, voluntary aided secondary school catering for about 1400 pupils with a sixth-form.
Over the years additions have been made to the original buildings. These include a separate Year 11 block, a craft building, science laboratories new sixth-form accommodation. A new block of classrooms and science laboratories was opened in 1994. More recently, a block of ten new classrooms has been opened. A drama studio has also been built.
Whilst this is a Church of England school, when available the school will also offer places to children from other Christian denominations. The school is also a Post-Graduate Teacher Training Centre, and since September 1998 has Beacon status. Crompton House was awarded Specialist School Status in 2005 as an Arts College (Music, Art and Drama).
In 2011, more than 2/3 of teaching staff took part in strike action.
In 2018, plans to expand the school were met with significant resistance from parents of students and local residents. Despite this, the plans were approved. Building work took place during school time, with power tools and machinery used during teaching time, creating noise pollution. School kitchens were also not operational, leaving students without warm food during the winter. Some students were unable to attend at the start of term in 2019 due to lack of teaching space.
Musical achievements
The music department of the school has a variety of groups including two orchestras, swing and brass bands, and several choirs. The senior orchestra played at the Royal Albert Hall in London as part of the Schools Proms in 2005, and the Senior Choir has sung in venues such as Manchester Cathedral, York Minster, and Liverpool Cathedral. The choir has sung evensong in Westminster Abbey, and the Boys' Choir has sung in St Asaph Cathedral. On 2 July 2010 the orchestra, brass band and choirs combined to perform Karl Jenkin's The Armed Man at the Royal Northern College of Music in Manchester.
Sixth form
Crompton House has a sixth form. Subjects offered include Art and Design, Biology, Business Studies, Chemistry, Design Technology, Economics, English Language, English Language and Literature, English Literature, Food and Nutrition, French, General Studies, Geography, Government and Politics, German, History, ICT, Mathematics, Multimedia, Music, Physical Education, Physics, Psychology, Sociology, Theatre Studies, Philosophy & Ethics, and Travel and Tourism.
Old Cromptonians
Ian Greaves, football player and manager
Ben Pearson, football player at Preston North End
Michelle Marsh, glamour model
Anna Friel, actress
Clive Rowe MBE, actor
Jessica Fullalove, GB swimmer
Staff
Musician John Lees, music technician until July 2012.
Headteachers
Mr S. Selwyn, 1926–1938
Mr J. Hargreaves, 1938–1958
Mr D. Shepherd, 1958–1964
Mr E. Harris, 1964–1985
Mr M. Taylor, 1985–1999
Mr D. Bowes, 2000–2002
Mr W. Grundy, 2002–2006
Mrs V. Musgrave, 2006–2008
Mrs E. Tough, 2008–2011
Mrs S. Calvert, 2012– 2014
Mr K. Newell, 2014–present
In the news
In November 2006, Crompton House had a bomb scare when a year 11 pupil took in what appeared to be a First World War hand grenade for a history lesson.
References
External links
School website
Educational institutions established in 1926
Academies in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
Secondary schools in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
Church of England secondary schools in the Diocese of Manchester
1926 establishments in England
Shaw and Crompton |
5398891 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staurotypus | Staurotypus | Staurotypus is a genus of aquatic turtles, commonly known as giant musk turtles, Mexican musk turtles, or three-keeled musk turtles, in the family Kinosternidae. The genus contains two recognized species, which are endemic to Mexico and Central America. Both species are sold and bred as pets.
Species
The following two species are recognized as being valid.
Staurotypus salvinii – Chiapas giant musk turtle, giant musk turtle, Pacific coast giant musk turtle
Staurotypus triporcatus – Mexican musk turtle, Giant Mexican musk turtle
Geographic distribution
Both species of the genus Staurotypus are native to Mexico and Central America. S. salvinii is found primarily in Mexico, in the states of Oaxaca and Chiapas, but ranges south into Guatemala, El Salvador, and Belize. S. triporcatus is also found primarily in Mexico, and is more widespread, found in the states of Veracruz, Tabasco, Chiapas, Yucatán, and Campeche, and ranges south into Belize, Guatemala, and Honduras.
Description
Species in the genus Staurotypus are typically much larger than other species of Kinosternidae, attaining a straight carapace length of up to 36 cm (14 in), with males being significantly smaller than females. Typically brown, black, or green in color, with yellow undersides, the carapace is distinguished by three distinct ridges, or keels, which run the length.
Staurotypus turtles exhibit XX/XY sex determination, in contrast to the temperature-dependent sex determination of most turtles.
Diet
Like other musk turtle species, Staurotypus are carnivorous, eating various types of aquatic invertebrates, as well as fish and carrion.
References
External links
Turtles of the World - Staurotypus salvini & Staurotypus triporcatus
Further reading
Goin CJ, Goin OB, Zug GR (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp. . (Genus Staurotypus, p. 264).
Wagler JG (1830). Natürliches System der Amphibien, mit vorangehender Classification des Säugthiere und Vögel. Ein Beitrag zur vergleichenden Zoologie. Munich, Stuttgart, and Tübingen: J.G. Cotta. vi + 354 pp. (Staurotypus, new genus, p. 137). (in German and Latin).
Reptiles of Belize
Reptiles of El Salvador
Reptiles of Guatemala
Reptiles of Honduras
Reptiles of Mexico
Taxa named by Johann Georg Wagler
Turtle genera |
5398899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nipsey | Nipsey | Nipsey is a nickname. Notable people with the nickname include:
Nipsey Hussle (1985–2019), American rapper
Nipsey Russell (1918–2005), American actor, comedian, poet, and dancer
See also
Nipsy, or knurr and spell, English game
Nispey, village in Iran |
4003543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radu%20IV%20the%20Great | Radu IV the Great | Radu IV the Great (), (1467 – 23 April 1508) was a Voivode (Prince) of Wallachia from September 1495 to April 1508. He succeeded his father, Vlad Călugărul, who was one of the three brothers to Vlad III the Impaler (). He was married to Princess Catalina Crnojević of Zeta (sometimes spelled as Katarina or Jekaterina), daughter of Andrija Crnojević. The marriage was arranged by her uncle Ivan Crnojević, Prince of Zeta after her father's death. Radu was succeeded by his first cousin Mihnea cel Rău, son to his uncle Vlad Țepeș.
Notes and references
|-
1508 deaths
Rulers of Wallachia
Year of birth unknown
1467 births
House of Drăculești
Burials at Dealu Monastery, Viforâta (Dâmboviţa County)
15th-century rulers in Europe
16th-century rulers in Europe |
4003571 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peace%20and%20Love%20Songs | Peace and Love Songs | Peace and Love Songs is a compilation album from Scottish singer-songwriter Donovan. The album was released in the United States on 1 March 1996 (Sony Special Products 26474). The album was reissued in 2003 (Collectables 9342).
History
In 1996, Sony Special Products issued Peace and Love Songs, a budget compilation of Donovan's Epic Records recordings dating from 1966 to 1969. Sony Special Products selected some songs that are not as well known as Donovan's singles, including several album tracks.
Track listing
All tracks by Donovan Leitch
"Sunshine Superman" – 4:33
"There Is a Mountain" – 2:35
"Bert's Blues" – 4:00
"Jennifer Juniper" – 2:42
"The Sun Is a Very Magic Fellow" – 2:44
"Superlungs My Supergirl" – 2:40
"The Trip" – 4:35
"Atlantis" – 5:01
"Wear Your Love Like Heaven" – 2:25
"Laleña" – 2:54
References
External links
Peace And Love Songs – Donovan Unofficial Site
Albums produced by Mickie Most
1996 compilation albums
Donovan compilation albums |
5398907 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Branham%20High%20School | Branham High School | Branham High School is a secondary school in San Jose, California, located in the Cambrian neighborhood within the West San Jose region. It opened on September 13, 1967, under the Campbell Union High School District (CUHSD) and closed in 1991. The District leased the campus to Valley Christian Schools in 1991. The school was reopened by CUHSD in 1999 due to increased enrollment within the district. The school is named after Isaac Branham, a Californian pioneer who became a successful farmer and lumber mill owner.
The school colors are navy blue, Columbia blue, and white and the official mascot is the Bruin.
As of March 2022, the school also has a Boba drink dedicated to them by the locally owned business Boba Pub called "Blu's Bev". This was made possible through a partnership between the business and Branham's associated student body (ASB).
Academics
Accreditation
Branham was awarded the title of California Distinguished School during the 2006–2007 school year and was fully accredited by the Western Association of Schools and Colleges in March 2022.
AP Courses
Branham participates in the College Board's Advanced Placement program and, as of the 2021-2022 school year, offers AP courses in the following:
English Language and Composition, English Literature and Composition, World History: Modern, US History, American Government, Biology, Chemistry, Environmental Science, Physics 1 & 2, Psychology, Calculus AB & BC, Statistics, French Language & Culture, Spanish Language and Culture, Spanish Literature and Culture, Chinese Language and Culture, Computer Science A and Principles, Studio Art 2D & 3D, and Art History.
Athletics
Branham High School is a member of the Blossom Valley Athletic League (BVAL).
Branham fields teams in football, basketball, baseball, volleyball, swimming and diving, cheerleading, tennis, badminton, soccer, softball, track and field, cross country, golf, field hockey, and wrestling. All of Branham's league and section championships are displayed in its gymnasium, the Bruin Den.
Music & Theater Departments
Music Department
The Branham High School Music Department consists of the vocal music department and the instrumental music department. The choir is made up of Madrigals and Women's. The instrumental music program is made up of Field Marching Band, Color Guard, Parade Band, Pep Band, Symphonic Band, Wind Ensemble, Guitar, and Jazz Ensemble.
The marching band has recently been named the Branham High School Royal Alliance.
The Branham High School Symphonic Band, in its first CMEA performance in the history of the school, received a Unanimous Superior rating, the highest rating a group can receive from the California Music Educators Association. In addition, the band was invited to perform at Carnegie Hall and Chicago Symphony Hall due to their performance at the 2009 Los Angeles Heritage Festival, where they had placed first in the Symphonic Band category. In April 2011, the band received its second Unanimous Superior rating from CMEA.
The Branham High School Royal Alliance Marching Band and Color Guard is known for award winning performances and had an undefeated season in the fall of 2020 with their show “It’s About Time”.
The Branham Jazz Ensemble gives nearly a dozen public performances per year and travels to the Columbia Jazz Festival. The Jazz Ensemble hosts a yearly fundraiser called the Jazz Cafe to raise funds for the Branham Instrumental Program. As of March 2022, the director of the band program is Christopher Nalls, while the director of the choir program is Barbara West.
Theater Department
The department earned the 2001 Glenn Hoffman Award for Outstanding Fine Arts Curriculum. In 2003, the program earned the 2003 High School Musical Honors Award for Outstanding Ensemble.
The department currently offers a full theater curriculum including a musical theater course, a drama club, and several productions each year. Its annual faculty musical is directed by students and supervised by the acting instructor.
Career Technical Education (CTE) Courses
The Career Technical Education courses offered at Branham currently include Culinary Arts, Journalism, Yearbook, and PLTW (Project Lead the Way).
The journalism class is known for their award winning newspaper, Bear Witness, which has been named a 2019 Pacemaker finalist for the National Scholastic Press Association and awarded second place in Social Media reporting as of 2021.
Notable alumni
Robertson Daniel (Class of 2010) - Former American football cornerback for the Oakland Raiders, Green Bay Packers, Washington Football Team, and Baltimore Ravens of the National Football League (NFL). Currently a member of the Calgary Stampeders of the Canadian Football League. Played collegiately at Brigham Young University.
Pat Hughes (Class of 1973) - Radio play-by-play announcer for the Chicago Cubs of the Major League Baseball (MLB).
Marty Krulee (Class of 1974) - Sprinter and track-and-field athlete.
Gary Radnich (Class of 1969) - Sports anchor for KRON-TV, San Francisco. Former basketball player at Brigham Young University, later transferring to the University of Nevada, Las Vegas.
Louie Sakoda (Class of 2005) - Professional placekicker and punter for the Edmonton Eskimos of the Canadian Football League.
Roger Samuels (Class of 1979) - Former MLB pitcher who played for the San Francisco Giants and Pittsburgh Pirates.
Darnell Sankey (Class of 2012) - Former American football linebacker for the Denver Broncos, Oakland Raiders, Kansas City Chiefs, Minnesota Vikings, Baltimore Ravens, Detroit Lions, Indianapolis Colts, and New Orleans Saints of the NFL. Played collegiately at California State University, Sacramento.
Nicky Shane (Class of 1971) - The first recipient of the Guinness World Record for The Fastest Harmonica Player.
Vedant Patel (Class of 2008) - Assistant press secretary for the Biden administration
See also
Santa Clara County high schools
References
External links
Branham High School Main Website
Branham High School Athletics
Branham High School Marching Band
Campbell Union High School District
Educational institutions established in 1967
High schools in San Jose, California
Public high schools in California
1967 establishments in California |
4003577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wet%20%27n%20Wild%20%28brand%29 | Wet 'n Wild (brand) | Wet 'n Wild is a name used by various water parks across the United States, Brazil and Mexico, originally owned by SeaWorld creator George Millay. It is not to be confused with the Wet'n'Wild brand owned by Village Roadshow Theme Parks and CNL Lifestyle Properties or the stand-alone waterpark Wet N' Wild Waterworld in Anthony, Texas.
History
The name was first used for a water park when SeaWorld founder George Millay opened his first water park Wet 'n Wild Orlando in Orlando, Florida in 1977. Wet 'n Wild in Orlando, however, closed permanently December 31, 2016, and was replaced by Volcano Bay. Millay went on to open six more water parks under the same name in the United States, Brazil and Mexico. In 1997 and 1998, Millay sold the water parks to various owners including Universal Parks & Resorts, Palace Entertainment and private companies for a total of $77 million.
Locations
Wet 'n Wild Emerald Pointe – operated by Palace Entertainment in Greensboro, North Carolina
Wet 'n Wild Cancun – a water park in Mexico. At opening in June 1997, the park spanned
Wet 'n Wild São Paulo – a water park in Brazil. The $42 million park opened in October 1998, and spanned
Previous locations
Wet 'n Wild Orlando – operated by Universal Parks & Resorts in Orlando, Florida, closed December 31, 2016. It has been replaced by the new Volcano Bay waterpark that opened in 2017.
Arlington, Texas – rebranded as Six Flags Hurricane Harbor when purchased by Six Flags in 1997.
Garland, Texas – formerly a Herschend Family Entertainment "White Water" park. The site is now occupied by a CarMax dealership.
Wet 'n Wild Las Vegas, operated from 1985 to 2004 – now All Net Resort & Arena; not to be confused with the present-day Wet'n'Wild Las Vegas.
Salvador, Bahia – opened in 1996 as the first international park. It cost $28 million and spanned , however the park has gone bankrupt.
Cancelled locations
Rio de Janeiro – originally targeted for an October 1999 opening
Brasilia – $32 million, originally targeted to open in late 1998
See also
List of water parks
References
External links
Wet 'n Wild Cancun
Wet 'n Wild Emerald Pointe
Wet 'n Wild São Paulo
Palace Entertainment
Universal Parks & Resorts
American brands
Brazilian brands |
5398915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%ADctor%20P%C3%BAa | Víctor Púa | Víctor Haroldo Púa Sosa (born 31 May 1956 in Paso de los Toros) is a retired Uruguayan football player and currently a football manager.
Career
He coached the Uruguay U-20 national team, finishing runner-up in the 1997 FIFA World Youth Championship.
He was appointed to coach the Uruguay national team in the 1999 Copa América, earning second place honors. In 2001, he was chosen to replace Daniel Passarella, qualifying for the 2002 FIFA World Cup after finishing 5th in the South American zone and winning a playoff against Australia. Uruguay was drawn into group A alongside world champions France, Denmark and eventual tournament revelation Senegal. After a defeat to Denmark and a 0–0 draw with France, Uruguay had to beat Senegal to make it to the next round. Despite coming back from a 0–3 at half time, Richard Morales narrowly missed a fourth goal with the goalkeeper down, which left Uruguay in 3rd place and out of the next round.
In 2004, he coached Argentine side Rosario Central but resigned after only 2 matches, because of differences with the board and a defeat to Newell's Old Boys in the local derby.
Clubs as player
Liverpool Montevideo
River Plate Montevideo
Defensor Sporting Club
Olimpia Asunción
Deportivo Mandiyú
Rampla Juniors
Cerrito
Teams as coach
River Plate Montevideo
Uruguay
Rosario Central
Peñarol youths general manager 2007–2009, manager 2009
Family
His son is the midfielder Federico Púa, currently playing in Chile.
References
1956 births
Living people
People from Paso de los Toros
Uruguayan footballers
Liverpool F.C. (Montevideo) players
Club Atlético River Plate (Montevideo) players
River Plate Montevideo managers
Defensor Sporting players
Rampla Juniors players
Club Olimpia footballers
C.A. Bella Vista players
Expatriate footballers in Argentina
Expatriate footballers in Paraguay
Uruguayan football managers
Peñarol managers
Rosario Central managers
Expatriate football managers in Argentina
Uruguay national football team managers
1997 FIFA Confederations Cup managers
1999 Copa América managers
2001 Copa América managers
2002 FIFA World Cup managers
Association football defenders |
5398923 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%20Cabot%20Square | 1 Cabot Square | 1 Cabot Square (also known as the Credit Suisse building) is a 21-floor office building occupied by Credit Suisse in Cabot Square, Canary Wharf, London, England.
History of Project
Original plans called for a skyscraper on this site for Credit Suisse First Boston, however the slump at the end of the 1980s saw these plans scaled back.
Architect
The architect on the project was Pei Cobb Freed & Partners, and the building was completed in 1991. The project had two management contractors Ellis Don and Sir Robert McAlpine.
Architecture
It is 89 metres tall (292 feet), with a floorspace of 50,166 square metres (164,587 square feet).
The building has large, open plates on the floor, that range in size from 64,500 square foot to 24,000 square foot in the executive offices.
It is internally connected to the west, to 20 Columbus Courtyard, which is also connected to a full-height internal link to the north, 17 Columbus Courtyard.
The building is the second largest building located at Canary Wharf, behind the Canary Wharf Tower. The Credit Suisse building has 18 stories with an additional two stories of plant at the top. The building also has a two-story arcade that is located at the base of the building.
Ownership
In early 2012 it was purchased by Qatar's sovereign wealth fund Qatar Investment Authority (QIA) Subsequently, QIA considered selling it multiple times before eventually selling to KB Securities of South Korea.
The building is leased to Credit Suisse for around 20 years and part of Canary Wharf, of which QIA bought a majority in a joint venture with Brookfield Properties in 2015.
Gallery
See also
Canary Wharf
Credit Suisse
References
External links
Official Site
Office buildings in London
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Canary Wharf buildings
Credit Suisse |
5398928 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Deguang | Zhang Deguang | Zhang Deguang (Simplified Chinese: 张德广; born 10 February 1941) was Executive Secretary of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation from 2004 to 2006.
Biography
Born in Jining, homeland of Chinese philosophers Confucius and Men Ji, in Shandong Province of occupied China. In 1965 he graduated from the Beijing Institute of Foreign Languages, Faculty of Russian literature. Zhang Deguang speaks Chinese, Russian and English.
In 1965 he joined the Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China. There he has held the following posts:
1965-1973 Employee, translation branch, Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the People's Republic of China
1973-1977 Attaché, Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the USSR
1977-1987 Second Secretary, First Secretary, deputy director of Chancery, Sino-Russian Negotiations, Department of USSR and European affairs, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People's Republic of China
1987-1992 Counselor, Embassy of the People's Republic of China in the United States
1992-1993 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to the Republic of Kazakhstan
1993-1995 Head of the Department of Eastern Europe and Central Asia, Ministry of Foreign Affairs, People's Republic of China
1995-2001 Deputy Minister of Foreign Affairs, People's Republic of China
2001-2003 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary of the People's Republic of China to Russia
On 29 May 2003, at the meeting of Heads of SCO member states, he was appointed Executive Secretary of the Secretariat of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation. On 15 January 2004, he took up his duties at this post.
In December 1999 President of the Russian Federation Boris Yeltsin awarded Zhang Deguang with the "Friendship Order". In December 2001 President of Kazakhstan Nursultan Nazarbayev awarded him with First Grade Friendship Order of Kazakhstan. In February 2003 he was awarded as Academician of the Russian Academy of Social Sciences. In April 2003 he was awarded an honorary doctorate by the Institute of Far Eastern Studies and with the First Grade Medal of the Sino-Russian Friendship Society. In October 2003 President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin presented him with Commemorative Diploma for special contribution to strengthening Sino-Russian friendship. In March 2004 President of the Russian Federation Vladimir Putin awarded Zhang Deguang with Commemorative Medal on the occasion of the 300th anniversary of Saint Petersburg.
External links
Zhang Deguang's short biography, SCO website
People's Republic of China politicians from Shandong
Living people
1941 births
Politicians from Jining
Diplomats of the People's Republic of China
Ambassadors of China to Kazakhstan
Ambassadors of China to Russia |
5398930 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores%20de%20Mayo | Flores de Mayo | Flores de Mayo (Spanish for "flowers of May") is a festival held in the Philippines in the month of May. It is one of the May devotions to the Blessed Virgin Mary and lasts for the entire month.
The Santacruzan (from the Spanish santa cruz, "holy cross") is the ritual pageant held on the last day of the Flores de Mayo. It honors the finding of the True Cross by Helena of Constantinople (known as Reyna Elena) and Constantine the Great. Its connection with May stems from the May 3 date of Roodmas, which Pope John XXIII deleted in the 1960s due to the trend at the time to abolish holy days that were either duplicates or dedicated to ahistorical saints. The Feast of the Exaltation of the Cross on September 14, which commemorates the recovery of the relic by Emperor Heraclius from the Persians instead of the finding by Saint Helena combines that occasion with Roodmas in the present General Roman Calendar.
Etymology
The name of the festival is derived from the Spanish language word flores meaning "flowers." Other names are "Flores de María" ("Flowers of Mary") and "Álay" (Filipino for "offering").
In the Bicolandia
In the Bicol Region, the ritual begins with the recitation of the rosary, and the last day is simply called the "katapusan".
The traditional "María" with its respective meaning is said after the recitation of the Salve Regina in Spanish and the Litany of Loreto. After the ceremony, simple snacks are given to the children who attended the devotion. Alabasyón (from the Spanish for "praising") is the term for prayers sung in honor of the Holy Cross.
In Western and in some parts of Eastern Visayas
The towns particularly in Iloilo has their respective puroks or streets and the barangays which has their respective chapel or house of prayer or even in the church where an image of the Virgin Mary is venerated and children gathers to have a simple catechism and teachings about the life and story of Mary, history of Marian apparitions, Christian doctrines and values, holistic values and virtues and other life's teachings. They were also taught some prayers and some songs uniquely recited only during the Flores de Mayo and the children offer some flowers before the image of the Virgin Mary as a symbol of love, affection and veneration. This is a commemoration and reminiscent of the Our Lady of Fatima apparition to the three children which first took place on 13 May in 1917. After a while, they were offered some snacks.
Some churches and areas are giving children some paper tickets for actively participating and doing well during the catechism in which at the end of the month of May which also coincides with the end of the Flores de Mayo, the children redeem the value of the tickets which are school supplies ready for the school opening. Until 2019, this was in June, the supplies are brought currently in August or September beginning 2020, depending on the date set by the Department of Education. With the switch of the calendar, the paper ticket tradition among these children also mark one of the final salvos of the school year. Santacrusan is usually held during the last few days of May to coincide with the end of the catechism for children.
In the Katagalugan
Amongst the Tagalog people, the custom began after the proclamation of the dogma of the Immaculate Conception in 1854 and after the circa 1867 publication of Mariano Sevilla's translation of the devotional "Flores de María" ("Flowers of Mary"), also known by its longer title "Mariquít na Bulaclac nasa Pagninilaynilay sa Buong Buannang Mayo ay Inihahandog nañg mañga Devoto cay María Santísima" ("Beautiful Flowers that in the Meditations in the Whole Month of May are Presented by Devotees to Mary Most Holy").
One famous May tradition in Batangas (particularly in Lipa) is the Luglugan, or nightly devotion and party honoring the Virgin Mary. Held in structures called tuklóng, devotees offer flowers and prayers to an image of Mary every night. After the prayer, the Hermanos or Hermanas for the day will give away treats to the participants, followed by the party. The Luglugan lasts for a month until the Tapusan ("ending") which is marked with a Mass, a Santacruzan and procession of the Blessed Virgin Mary, and capped with a final Luglugan that lasts until the following morning.
The Santacruzan
A Santacruzan is a religio-historical beauty pageant held in many cities, towns, and even in small communities throughout the Philippines during the month of May. One of the most colorful aspects of this festival, the pageant depicts the finding of the True Cross by Queen Helena, mother of Constantine the Great. Many movie and television personalities participate in the events and are featured in major santacruzan. This festival became part of Filipino traditions identified with youth, love, and romance. Prior to the Santacruzan, a novena is held in honor of the Holy Cross. The procession itself commemorates the search of the Holy Cross by Reyna Elena and her son, Emperor Constantine. It is said to have roots in the joyous thanksgiving celebrations that followed the finding of the Holy Cross in Jerusalem and its translation to Constantinople (now İstanbul).
General order of the procession
The participants of this pageant would follow this typical arrangement:
Cross is used for Santa Cruzan , while the Image of Blessed Mother is used for Flores de Mayo that is the distinction of the two festivals but some organizer mixed the two festivals together in one celebration. Flores and Sta. Cruzan
Biblical and Historical Figures, with Traditional Personifications
Matusalém (Methuselah) – bearded and bent with age, he rides a cart and is preoccupied with toasting grains of sand in a pan over a fire. It is an allegory of the transience of the world, which will be like the dust he is toasting.
Reyna Banderada (Queen with a Banner) – a young lady dressed in a long red gown, bearing a yellow pennant. She represents the arrival of Christianity.
Aetas – represents the dark-skinned indigenous peoples of the Philippines such as the Aeta and Ati. These aboriginal groups predate the ancestors of today's majority Austronesian Filipinos by tens of thousands of years.
Reyna Mora (Queen Moor) – represents Muslim Filipinos, who are concentrated in Mindanao and large cities such as Manila. Islam arrived in the archipelago two centuries before Christianity, and is now the country's second-largest religion. Mary is also honoured in Islam, and her story is found in the 19th sura (chapter) of the Qur'an.
Reyna ng Saba (Queen of Sheba) – represents the unnamed queen who visited King Solomon, and was overwhelmed by his wisdom, power, and riches. She carries a jewellery box. She is included in the Santacruzan because the Legenda Aurea describes how she venerated the beam of a bridge she was crossing, prophesying the wood's future role as part of the True Cross.
Rut at Noemi (Ruth and Naomi) – the Moabite convert to Judaism and her mother-in-law, from whom she was inseparable. Ruth is an ancestress of King David, and is one of four women listed in the genealogies of Jesus in the Gospels of Matthew and Luke.
Reyna Judít (Queen Judith) – represents the Biblical widow Judith of Bethulia, who saved her city from the Assyrians by beheading their brutal general Holofernes. Also titled "Infanta" ('Princess') Judít, she carries Holofernes' head in one hand and a sword in the other.
Reyna Ester (Queen Esther) – the Jewish queen of Persia, who spared the Jewish people from genocide at the hands of Haman through timely intervention with her husband, King Xerxes. She carries a sceptre.
Cleopatra – represents Cleopatra VII Philopator (69-30 BC), the last active pharaoh of Ancient Egypt. Her male escort is often understood to represent the Roman senator and general Mark Antony (83-30 BC).
Samaritana/Santa Photina (The Female Samaritan) – the Samaritan woman at the well (traditionally named Photini) with whom Christ conversed about the Water of Life. She carries a water jug on her shoulder.
Santa Verónica – the woman who wiped the face of Jesus who bears her Veil; in traditional Hispanic-Filipino iconography, the cloth bears three miraculous blood imprints of the Holy Face of Jesus instead of one.
Tres Marías (Three Marys) – each Mary holds a unique attribute associated with the Entombment of Christ:
Santa María Magdalena (Mary Magdalene) – a perfume bottle; Catholic tradition once conflated her with Mary of Bethany as the woman who anointed and wiped Jesus' feet.
Santa María Cleofe (Mary, the mother of James, wife of Clopas) – bears a whisk broom, as tradition holds she swept the Holy Sepulchre before Christ was laid in it.
Santa María Salome (Mary Salome) – a thurible or oil bottle, pointing to her role as a Myrrhbearer.
Reyna Fé (Queen Faith) – symbolises Faith, the first theological virtue. She carries a cross.
Reyna Esperanza (Queen Hope) – symbolises Hope, the second theological virtue. She carries an anchor.
Reyna Caridad (Queen Charity) – symbolises Charity, the third theological virtue. She carries a red heart.
Reyna Sentenciada (Queen Convicted) – has her hands bound by a rope. She represents the Early Christians, particularly virgins, who were persecuted and martyred for the Faith. She is sometimes guarded by two Roman soldiers.
Marian Titles
Each figure in this group refers to a title of the Virgin Mary in the Litany of Loreto, or to a figure associated with her. They are preceded by girls dressed as angels, each holding a letter of the angelic salutation "AVE MARÍA".
Reyna Abogada (Queen Advocate/Lawyer) – defender of the poor and the oppressed, she wears a black mortarboard cap and graduation gown, and carries a large book. Her appearance is a representation of Mary, Help (Advocate) of Christians. Some processions add the Reyna Doctora ("Queen Doctor") as another title connected with a degree-holding profession, and may allude to the title "Mary, Health of the Sick".
Reyna Justícia (Queen Justice) – a personification of the title "Mirror of Justice" (Speculum Iustitiæ), her attributes are a weighing scale and a sword.
Divina Pastora (Divine Shepherdess) – bears a shepherd's crook.
Reyna de los Ángeles (Queen of the Angels) – bears a bouquet of white flowers, and is escorted by young children dressed as angels.
Luklukan ng Karunungan (Seat of Wisdom) – carries the Bible, and represents Mary as Sedes Sapientiæ
Susì ng Langit (Key of Heaven) – bears two keys, one gold and the other silver, adapted from the Papal arms.
Reyna de las Estrellas (Queen of the Stars) – holds a wand topped with a star. It can be taken as an allusion to the title Stella Maris ("Star of the Sea"), where Mary is invoked by sailors for her protection.
Rosa Mística (Mystical Rose) – bears a bouquet of roses.
Pusò ni María/Corazón de María (Heart of Mary) – holds a pink heart.
Reyna del Santísimo Rosario (Queen of the Most Holy Rosary) – carries a large rosary.
Reyna Luna (Queen Moon) – represents the moon, the footstool of Mary as the Woman of the Apocalypse.
Reyna Candelaria (Queen of Candles) – she carries a long, lit taper, symbolising the Purification of Mary.
Reyna de la Paz (Queen of Peace) – carries a dove, real or otherwise.
Reyna de los Patriarcas (Queen of Patriarchs) – bears a wooden rod or staff.
Reyna de los Profetas (Queen of Prophets) – holds an hourglass.
Reyna de los Confesores (Queen of Confessors) – holds a scroll.
Reyna de los Mártires (Queen of Martyrs) – bears the Crown of Thorns or a pierced heart, as a second representation of the Mater Dolorosa.
Reyna de los Apóstoles (Queen of Apostles) – holds the Palm of Martyrdom.
Reyna de los Santos (Queen of Saints) – bears a golden wreath, symbolising the Crown of the Saints.
Reyna del Cielo (Queen of Heaven) – holds a flower; often accompanied by two children dressed as angels.
Reyna de las Vírgenes (Queen of Virgins) – carries a rosary or lily, the latter signifying chastity; also escorted by two little angels.
Other titles
1. Reyna de las Flores (Queen of Flowers) – The Queen of the Flores de Mayo. She carries a grand bouquet of flowers.
2. Reyna Elena (Queen Helena) – , she represents Saint Helena herself, whose finding of the True Cross is symbolized by the cross or crucifix that she bears in her arms. This considerably prestigious role is often awarded to the most beautiful girl or important matron in the pageant. Some communities keep the identity of the chosen Reyna Elena a closely guarded secret, revealing her at the Santacruzan itself. Other places are more accommodating, allowing three women to be Reyna Elena.
Constantino - the escort of Reyna Elena, representing her son, Constantine the Great (272 – 337 AD). Despite the Emperor having been an adult when his mother found the True Cross, this role is almost always played by a small boy in princely raiment.
3. Reyna Emperatríz (Queen Empress) – always the last member of the procession, a representation of Saint Helena of Constantinople, specifically her title Augusta ('empress' or 'queen mother'), which she received from Constantine in 325 AD.
The procession is accompanied by the steady beat of a local brass band, playing and singing the Dios te salve (the Spanish version of the Hail Mary). Devotees bear lighted candles and sing the prayer as they walk. Due to modernization and unavailability of the brass band, It is sometimes accompanied by a speaker truck playing trending songs from the app TikTok. It is customary for males participating in the Santacruzan to wear traditional Barong Tagalog, while females wear any Filipiniana-inspired dress.
See also
May Day
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20170301112727/http://www.philippines.hvu.nl/culture2.htm
Philippine culture
May observances
Marian devotions |
4003579 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%205%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | March 5 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | March 4 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 6
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 18 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For March 5th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 20 (February 21 on leap years).
Saints
Martyr Conon of Isauria (1st century)
Martyr Nestor, father of Martyr Conon of Isauria.
Martyr Onisius (Onesimus) of Isauria, by beheading (1st century)
Saint Theophilus, Bishop of Caesarea in Palestine (200)
Martyr Conon the Gardener, of Pamphylia (251)
Martyrs Archelaus, Kyrillos, Photios, Virgin-martyr Irais (Rhais) of Antinoë, and 152 Martyrs in Egypt (ca. 308)
Venerable Conon of Cyprus (4th century)
Martyr Eulogius of Palestine.
Martyr Eulampius of Palestine, by the sword.
Venerable Mark the Ascetic of Egypt (Mark the Athenian, Mark the Faster) (5th century)
Saint Hesychius the Faster, of Bithynia (790) (see also: March 6)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Oliva of Brescia, martyred in Brescia in the north of Italy, under the Emperor Hadrian (138)
Saint Eusebius, born in Cremona in Italy, he became an abbot in Bethlehem and took part in the struggle against Origenism.
Saint Eusebius and Companions, a group of ten martyrs who suffered in North Africa.
Saint Piran (Pyran, Kerrian), monk of Perranporth (c. 480)
Saint Colman of Armagh, a disciple of St Patrick in Ireland (5th century)
Saint Kieran of Saighir (Ciaran, Sen-Chiaráin = the Elder Ciarán), Munster (c. 530)
Saint Carthage the Elder, the successor of St Kieran as Bishop of Ossory in Ireland (ca. 540)
Saint Caron, the church at Tregaron in Dyfed in Wales is dedicated to him.
Saint Virgilius of Arles, Archbishop of Arles (610)
Saint Clement, Abbot of Santa Lucia in Syracuse in Sicily (ca. 800)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Saints Basil (1249) and Constantine (1257), princes of Yaroslavl.
Monk-martyr Adrian, Abbot of Poshekhonye (1550), and his fellow-ascetic St. Leonidas (1549)
New Martyr John the Bulgarian, at Constantinople (1784)
New Hieromartyr Parthenius, Bishop of Didymoteichon in Thrace (1805) (see also: March 15 - Greek)
New Martyr George of Rapsani, at Larissa (1818)
Saint Nikolai (Velimirovich), Bishop of Ohrid and Žiča, Serbia (1956)
New martyrs and confessors
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Pokrovsky (1919)
New Hieromartyr John Mirotvortsiev (1938)
New Hieromartyr Theophan (Grafov), Hierodeacon, of Borisoglebsk Monastery, Vladimir (1938)
New Hieromartyr Mardarius (Isaev), Hieromonk, of Yurievskoe, Yaroslavl, (1938)
Other commemorations
Icon of the Mother of God "the Teacher" (or "Education" or "Nurtured Up-Bringing").
Translation of the relics (1463) of St. Theodore, Prince of Smolensk and Yaroslavl (1299), and his children Saints David (1321) and Constantine (c. 1322)
Repose of Metropolitan Cornelius of Novgorod (1698)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
March 5/March 18. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
March 18 / March 5. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
March 5. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 19.
March 5. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. p. 66.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 102.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 5 ΜΑΡΤΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
Συναξαριστής. 5 Μαρτίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
Russian Sources
18 марта (5 марта). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
5 марта (ст.ст.) 18 марта 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
March in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
5398938 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holyrood%20Secondary%20School | Holyrood Secondary School | Holyrood Secondary School is a Roman Catholic secondary school in the south-side of Glasgow, Scotland. It is near Crosshill railway station, Hampden Park, A728 and the new M74 motorway.
It is the biggest secondary school in Scotland, with over 2,000 pupils and 150 teaching staff. Holyrood was officially opened in 1936. It has had refurbishment which includes the Holyrood Sports Centre, which was opened in late 2000 and is used by the pupils during school and the community in the evenings and at weekends.
In 2019 Holyrood RC Secondary School was ranked the worst performing school in Scotland by the Scottish Government: zero percent of pupils attained five or more awards at SCQF Level 6, the equivalent of highers.
History
The school was founded in 1936 and originally functioned as a senior secondary with entry dependent on a high mark in the "qualifying examination". In 1971 the exam was abolished and all Scottish state schools became equal in terms of status, curriculum offered and examinations taken.
In 2012, the school was the subject of a BBC television documentary series titled High School.
In 2017, former pupil Joe McFadden visited Holyrood during his appearance on the BBC's Strictly Come Dancing. The school was featured in an episode, as McFadden and his dance partner Katya Jones showcased a dance in front of the pupils.
In 2020 Holyrood, along with all other Scottish schools, closed due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The SQA for the first time in 130 years cancelled all exams.
Facilities
The original school building, designed by the firm of John Burnet, Son & Dick, was built in 1936, and is now protected as a category B listed building.
Over the years, the school has had renovation and additional blocks purposely built, known as the "new block" and "I.T. Wing". The new block also features new classrooms for English, religious education and social subjects. The school features over 20 purpose built I.T. rooms and also hosts three drama studios, complete with sound and lighting effects. It has several wood work and metal workshops as well as modern laboratories for physics, chemistry and biology. Nearly all classrooms within the school are fully equipped with smart boards and projectors.
In 2001, Glasgow city council commissioned a modern sports centre to be built directly next to Holyrood, known as Holyrood Sports Centre. The school has exclusive access during the day to all the facilities, with the centre being open at night to the public. The sports centre features a full size synthetic floodlit pitch, three seven-a-side pitches, changing rooms, inside gym hall and shower accommodation. In addition, an open plan gym which can be split into two separate halls, a dance studio and a modern extensive fitness suite. These facilities are used by all pupils for physical education and are an addition to the swimming pool and gymnastics hall.
In 2012, the school was selected as the Glasgow base for the Scottish Football Association's Performance Schools, a system devised to support the development of the best young talented footballers across the country (there are seven such schools across Scotland). As of 2018, the dedicated coach for the young players at Holyrood is Joe McBride.
Year groups
Malawi partnership
The school has established a close partnership with Mary's Meals, which saw former deputy head, Tony Begley, resign from his position to take up a new role as the education co-ordinator of this non-profitable charity. The school has also been at the forefront of fundraising for Malawi as well as Mary's Meals which involves under 30 pupils travelling to areas close to Blantyre, Malawi to reconstruct, renovate and build schools.
A team of 36 young people was chosen for 2013 after a successful five years of the project and planned to continue the work in Malawi, led by previous head teacher, Thomas McDonald. The school has so far raised in excess of £200,000 for Malawi.
Due to the coronavirus pandemic, the 2020 Malawi, and subsequently 2021 Malawi projects had to be cancelled.
Admissions
The school has a roll of approximately 2,000 pupils and 150 teachers, making it one of the largest state comprehensive schools in Europe.
Notable former pupils
Arts & media
Frankie Boyle, comedian
James Boyle, broadcaster: head of BBC Radio Scotland and controller of BBC Radio 4, chairman of the Scottish Arts Council
Charlie Burchill, Scottish musician and composer, best known as the guitarist of Simple Minds
Des Clarke (b. 1981), comedian
Bob Crampsey, Scottish association football historian, author, broadcaster and teacher (including history teacher at Holyrood in the 1970s)
Tony Curran, actor
Fran Healy, British singer, songwriter and musician, lead singer and lyricist of the band Travis
Jim Kerr, Scottish singer-songwriter and the lead singer of the rock band Simple Minds
Johnny McElhone, musician and songwriter of Altered Images, Hipsway and Texas
Joseph McFadden, actor
Brian McGee (b. 1959), musician
James Meechan (b. 1930), artist
Business & finance
Willie Haughey, businessman and philanthropist
Benny Higgins, banker
Politics
Margaret Ferrier, MP (2015-2017 and from 2019 Rutherglen and Hamilton West)
Jim Fitzpatrick, Labour MP for Poplar and Canning Town since 1997, and former London Fire Brigade firefighter
Baroness Kennedy of The Shaws, lawyer, human rights activist and chair of the British Council
Pat McFadden, Labour MP for Wolverhampton South East since 2005
Bob McTaggart (1945-1989), Labour Party politician; Member of Parliament (MP) for Glasgow Central
Sports
Alan Brazil, former professional footballer with Ipswich Town, Detroit Express, Tottenham Hotspur, Manchester United, Coventry City, Queens Park Rangers; presents TalkSport radio breakfast show
Pat Crerand, former Scotland International footballer, clubs included Celtic and Manchester United
Charlie Gallagher, footballer
Jim McCalliog, former Scotland international footballer
Lee McConnell (b. 1978), athlete
John McGeady (b. 1958), footballer
Nathan Patterson (b. 2001), footballer
Chaplaincy
The school chaplain is John Carroll.
References
External links
Official website of Holyrood R.C. Secondary
Holyrood Secondary School's page on Parentzone
Educational institutions established in 1936
Catholic secondary schools in Glasgow
Category B listed buildings in Glasgow
Listed schools in Scotland
1936 establishments in Scotland
Youth football in Scotland
Govanhill and Crosshill |
5398949 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convention%20of%20Tauroggen | Convention of Tauroggen | The Convention of Tauroggen was an armistice signed 30 December 1812 at Tauroggen (now Tauragė, Lithuania) between General Ludwig Yorck on behalf of his Prussian troops and General Hans Karl von Diebitsch of the Imperial Russian Army. Yorck's act is traditionally considered a turning point of Prussian history, triggering an insurgency against Napoleon in the Rheinbund. At the time of the armistice, Tauroggen was situated in Russia, east of the Prussian border.
Background
According to the Treaty of Paris, Prussia had to support Napoleon's invasion of Russia. This resulted in some Prussians leaving their army to avoid serving the French, among them Carl von Clausewitz, who joined Russian service. Between October and December, Yorck received numerous Russian requests to switch sides. He forwarded these to Berlin, but received no instructions.
When Yorck's immediate French superior, Marshal Jacques MacDonald, retreated from the siege of Riga (1812) before the corps of Diebitsch, Yorck found himself isolated and eventually surrounded. As a soldier his duty was to break through, but as a Prussian patriot his position was more difficult. He had to judge whether the moment was favorable for starting a war of liberation; and, whatever might be the enthusiasm of his junior staff-officers, Yorck had no illusions as to the safety of his own head, and negotiated with Clausewitz. While negotiations were ongoing at Tauroggen on 26 December, Yorck sent the king's adjutant, Major Wilhelm Henckel von Donnersmarck, back to Berlin via Königsberg, there to inform General Friedrich Wilhelm von Bülow about the impending Russian truce. On 29 December, Donnersmarck told Bülow that Yorck had separated his forces from the French and that an agreement with Russia was at hand; the French should be treated as enemies. In fact, the French headquarters were at Königsberg. The French commander, Joachim Murat, informed Bülow of Yorck's treason on 1 January. Later that day a letter arrived by messenger from Yorck himself.
Terms
The Convention of Tauroggen, signed by Diebitsch and Yorck, "neutralized" the Prussian corps without consent of their king. It also left the East Prussian border completely undefended. The news was received with the wildest enthusiasm in Prussia, but the Prussian court dared not yet throw off the mask, and an order was dispatched suspending Yorck from his command pending a court-martial. Diebitsch refused to let the bearer pass through his lines, and the general was finally absolved when the Treaty of Kalisz definitely ranged Prussia on the side of the Allies.
Aftermath
Between 1 January, when Murat moved his headquarters west to Elbing, and 3 January, when Marshal MacDonald, Yorck's superior, arrived in Königsberg, Bülow worked feverishly to move his supplies to Graudenz and about 5,000 men to Kreuzberg, where he arrived on 2 January. On 9 January he retreated west across the Vistula, ceding East Prussia to the retreating French and advancing Russians. On 5 January, Yorck had sent his last messenger to Berlin. On 8 January, he arrived at Königsberg with the Russian general Ludwig Adolf von Wittgenstein. Yorck reaffirmed his commitment to the armistice, but refused Wittgenstein's demand that he fight the French. That day, however, the king's messengers arrived to dismiss Yorck from his command and repudiate his armistice. Yorck refused and in a letter to Bülow on 13 January, he questioned if he had "sunk so deep that he fears to break the chains of slavery, the chains that we have meekly carried for five years?" He declared it "the time to regain our freedom and honour" and protested that he was "a true Prussian".
Notes
References
External sources
Tauroggen
1812 treaties
Tauroggen
Tauroggen
1812 in Prussia
1812 in the Russian Empire
Prussia–Russia relations
Bilateral treaties of Russia |
4003582 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIFA%20Award%20for%20Best%20Supporting%20Actress | IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actress | The IIFA Best Supporting Actress Award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony.
The award is given in the current year but the actress who wins it is awarded for the previous year.
Superlatives
Only five actresses have won both Best Supporting Actress and Best Actress award; In chronological order they are: Rani Mukerji, Kangana Ranaut, Anushka Sharma, Tabu and Priyanka Chopra.
Parineeti Chopra and Priyanka Chopra are the only cousins who have won the award.
List of winners
† - indicates the performance also won the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Filmfare Award for Best Supporting Actress
2000s
2000 Sushmita Sen – Biwi No.1 as Rupali †
Aruna Irani – Haseena Maan Jaayegi as Santho Verma
Reema Lagoo – Vaastav: The Reality as Shanta ‡
Sushmita Sen – Sirf Tum as Neha Kumari ‡
Tabu – Biwi No.1 as Lovely
2001 Jaya Bachchan – Fiza as Nishatbi Ikramullah †
Mahima Chaudhry – Dhadkan as Sheetal Varma ‡
Namrata Shirodkar – Pukar as Pooja Mallapa
Sonali Bendre – Hamara Dil Aapke Paas Hai as Khushi Malhotra
Sonali Kulkarni – Mission Kashmir as Neelama Khan ‡
2002 Jaya Bachchan – Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... as Nandini Raichand †
Bipasha Basu – Ajnabee as Neeta (Fake Sonia)
Kareena Kapoor – Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... as Pooja Sharma a.k.a. Poo ‡
Madhuri Dixit – Lajja as Janki ‡
Rekha – Lajja as Ramdulaari ‡
2003 Kirron Kher – Devdas as Sumitra Chakraborty ‡
Kareena Kapoor – Mujhse Dosti Karoge! as Tina
2004 Jaya Bachchan – Kal Ho Naa Ho as Jennifer Kapur †
Juhi Chawla – Jhankaar Beats as Shanti
Maya Alagh – LOC Kargil as Manoj Pandey's mother
Rekha – Koi... Mil Gaya as Sonia Mehra ‡
Shoma Anand – Hungama as Anjali Tiwari
2005 Rani Mukerji – Veer-Zaara as Saamiya Siddiqui ‡
Divya Dutta – Veer-Zaara as Shabbo ‡
Esha Deol – Dhoom as Sheena
Kishori Ballal – Swades as Kaveri Amma
Rani Mukerji – Yuva as Shashi Biswas †
2006 Ayesha Kapur – Black as Young Michelle McNally †
Juhi Chawla – My Brother…Nikhil as Anamika
Lara Dutta – No Entry as Kaajal (Kishan's wife)
Shernaz Patel – Black as Akram Sheikh
Shweta Prasad – Iqbal as Khadija ‡
2007 Soha Ali Khan – Rang De Basanti as Sonia/Durgawati Devi ‡
Kirron Kher – Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna as Kamaljit 'Kamal' Saran ‡
Kirron Kher – Rang De Basanti as Mitro ‡
Konkona Sen Sharma – Omkara as Indu †
Preity Zinta – Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna as Rhea Saran ‡
Rekha – Krrish as Sonia Mehra ‡
2008 Konkona Sen Sharma – Life in a... Metro as Shruti †
Chitrashi Rawat – Chak De! India as Komal Chautala
Konkona Sen Sharma – Laaga Chunari Mein Daag as Shubhavari Sahay / Chutki
Rani Mukerji – Saawariya as Gulabji ‡
Vidya Balan – Guru as Meenakshi "Meenu" Saxena
Zohra Sehgal – Cheeni Kum as Buddhadev's mother
2009 Kangana Ranaut – Fashion as Shonali Gujral †
Bipasha Basu – Bachna Ae Haseeno as Radhika/Shreya Rathore ‡
Ila Arun – Jodhaa Akbar as Maham Anga
Kirron Kher – Dostana as Sameer's mother ‡
Shahana Goswami – Rock On!! as Debbie ‡
2010s
2010 Divya Dutta – Delhi-6 as Jalebi ‡
Arundhati Nag – Paa as Vidya's mother ‡
Kalki Koechlin – Dev.D as Leni/Chandramukhi (Chanda) †
Kirron Kher – Kurbaan as Aapa
Supriya Pathak – Wake Up Sid as Sarita ‡
2011 Prachi Desai – Once Upon A Time In Mumbaai as Mumtaz ‡
Amrita Puri – Aisha as Shefali Thakur ‡
Dimple Kapadia – Dabangg as Naini Devi
Ratna Pathak – Golmaal 3 as Geeta ‡
Shernaz Patel – Guzaarish as Devyani Dutta
2012 Parineeti Chopra – Ladies vs Ricky Bahl as Dimple Chaddha ‡
Divya Dutta – Stanley Ka Dabba as Ms. Rosy
Kalki Koechlin – Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara as Natasha ‡
Sonali Kulkarni – Singham as Megha Kadam
Swara Bhaskar – Tanu Weds Manu as Payal ‡
2013 Anushka Sharma – Jab Tak Hai Jaan as Akira Rai †
Diana Penty – Cocktail as Meera Sahni
Divya Dutta – Heroine as Pallavi Narayan
Dolly Ahluwalia – Vicky Donor as Mrs. Arora
Jacqueline Fernandez – Housefull 2 as Bobby
Reema Sen – Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 as Durga
2014 Divya Dutta – Bhaag Milkha Bhaag as Ishri Kaur ‡
Kalki Koechlin – Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani as Aditi Mehra ‡
Kangana Ranaut – Krrish 3 as Kaya
Richa Chadda – Goliyon Ki Raasleela Ram-Leela as Rasila
Shruti Haasan – D-Day as Suraiya
Swara Bhaskar – Raanjhanaa as Bindiya ‡
2015 Tabu – Haider as Ghazala Meer †
Amrita Singh – 2 States as Kavita Malhotra ‡
Huma Qureshi – Dedh Ishqiya as Muniya
Juhi Chawla – Gulaab Gang as Sumitra Devi ‡
Lisa Haydon – Queen as Vijayalakshmi ‡
2016 Priyanka Chopra – Bajirao Mastani as Kashibai †
Huma Qureshi – Badlapur as Jhimli ‡
Konkona Sen Sharma – Talvar as Nutan Tandon
Tanvi Azmi – Bajirao Mastani as Radhabai ‡
2017 Shabana Azmi - Neerja as Rama Bhanot †
Andrea Tariang - Pink as Andrea Tariang
Disha Patani - M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story as Priyanka Jha
Ratna Pathak Shah - Kapoor & Sons as Sunita Kapoor ‡
Richa Chadda - Sarbjit as Sukhpreet Kaur ‡
Kirti Kulhari - Pink as Falak Ali
2018 Meher Vij - Secret Superstar as Najma Malik †
Neha Dhupia - Tumhari Sulu as Maryam "Maria" Sood
Seema Pahwa - Bareilly Ki Barfi as Susheela Mishra ‡
Seema Pahwa - Shubh Mangal Saavdhan as Sugandha's mother ‡
Tabu - Golmaal Again as Anna Matthew
2019 Aditi Rao Hydari - Padmaavat as Mehrunissa
Neena Gupta - Mulk as Tabassum Mohammed
Radhika Apte - Andhadhun as Sophie
Swara Bhaskar - Veere Di Wedding as Sakshi Soni ‡
Surekha Sikri - Badhaai Ho as Durga Kaushik †
2020s
2020 Kiara Advani - Good Newwz as Monica Batra
Amrita Singh - Badla as Rani Kaur ‡
Yami Gautam - Bala as Pari Mishra
Sayani Gupta - Article 15 as Gaura
Amruta Subhash - Gully Boy as Razia Ahmed †
Sai Tamhankar – Mimi as Shama
Gauhar Khan – 14 Phere as Zubina
Lara Dutta – Bell Bottom as Indira Gandhi
Radhika Madan – Angrezi Medium as Taarika "Taaru" Bansal
Shalini Vatsa – Ludo as Lata Kutty
See also
IIFA Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
External links
Official site
International Indian Film Academy Awards |
4003583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nazia%20Iqbal | Nazia Iqbal | Nazia Iqbal () (born c.1984) is a Pashtun singer from Pakistan. She was affiliated with Peshawar Zalmi cricket team as an ambassador. She performs across the globe especially in United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom and other parts of the world. She also sings in Urdu, Persian, and Arabic.
She currently resides in London, United Kingdom with her children. She divorced Javid Feza, whom she had been married to since 2005, in 2019.
See also
List of Pashto-language singers
References
Living people
Pashto-language singers
People from Swat District
Pakistani expatriates in the United Arab Emirates
Pashtun people
Pashtun women
1984 births
21st-century Pakistani women singers |
4003588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ford%20Building%20%28Detroit%29 | Ford Building (Detroit) | The Ford Building is a high-rise office building located at 615 Griswold Street in Downtown Detroit, Michigan. It stands at the northwest corner of Congress and Griswold Streets, in the heart of Detroit's Financial District. The Penobscot Building abuts the building to the north, and the Guardian Building is southeast across Griswold Street.
Toledo, Ohio, glass manufacturer Edward Ford and his son, John B. Ford, general manager of the Fords' Wyandotte, Michigan, alkali plant, had this building—then Detroit's tallest—constructed as an investment property.
Architecture
Designed by Daniel Burnham, the building began construction in 1907 and was completed in 1908. It celebrated its 100th year in 2009, and was one of the first to use a steel structural support system. It stands at 23 stories in total height, with two basement floors, 19 above-ground floors, and two penthouses. It held the title as tallest building in Detroit from 1908 until 1913. The Ford Building's primary uses are for offices and retail. Burnham styled it with Neo-Classical and Neo-Renaissance elements. It is constructed with a steel skeleton faced with terra cotta tile and accented with white Italian marble. Burham's other remaining skyscraper designs in Detroit include the David Whitney Building (1915) and the Dime Building (1912).
See also
Ford Building (San Diego, California)
References
Further reading
External links
Ford Building Website
Skyscraper office buildings in Detroit
Downtown Detroit
Ford Motor Company facilities
Historic district contributing properties in Michigan
National Register of Historic Places in Detroit
1900s architecture in the United States
Burnham and Root buildings
Chicago school architecture in Michigan
Neoclassical architecture in Michigan
Motor vehicle buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places
Transportation buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Michigan
Office buildings completed in 1908 |
4003591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%206%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | March 6 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | March 5 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 7
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 19 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For March 6th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 21 (February 22 on leap years).
Saints
Monk-martyrs Conon, and his son Conon, of Iconium (270-275)
Martyrs Cyriacus and 12 companions, who suffered under Diocletian in Augsburg (c. 304)
Martyr Euphrosynus, in boiling water.
Monk-martyr Maximus, by stoning.
Uncovering of the Precious Cross and the Precious Nails by the Empress St Helena in Jerusalem (326)
Venerable Arcadius, monk of Cyprus (361), and his disciples Julian and Euboulos.
Saint Arkadios, Archbishop of Cyprus (527–565)
Venerable Hesychius the Wonderworker. (see also: March 5)
The holy 42 Martyrs of Amorium (in Phrygia), including:
Passion-bearers Constantine, Aetius, Theophilus, Theodore, Melissenus, Callistus, Basoes, and others, in Samarra (845)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Marcian of Tortona (120)
Saint Patrick of Avernia (ca. 307)
Saint Basil of Bologna, Bishop of Bologna in Italy for twenty years, 315-335 (335)
Saint Fridolin of Säckingen, abbot, Enlightener of the Upper Rhine (540)
Saints Kyneburga, Kyneswide and Tibba, female members of the Mercian royal family in 7th century England (c. 680)
Saint Baldred of Tyninghame (Balther), a priest in Lindisfarne in England who became a hermit at Tyningham on the Scottish border (756)
Saint Chrodegang of Metz, Bishop of Metz in the east of France, he took part in several Councils (766)
Saint Bilfrid (Billfrith), a hermit at Lindisfarne and an expert goldsmith, who bound in gold the Lindisfarne Gospels, written and illuminated by Bishop Edfrith (8th century)
Saint Cathróe of Metz (Cadroe, Cadroel) (976)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Venerable Job (Joshua in schema) of Anzersk Island, Solovki (1720)
Other commemorations
Translation to Vladimir (1230) of the relics of Martyr Abraham of the Bulgars on the Volga (1229)
Repose of Helen Kontzevitch, Church writer (1989)
Icons
"Chenstokhovskaya" (Poland) Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (Black Madonna of Częstochowa).
"Blessed Heaven" (Moscow) Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos.
The Shestokhovsk ("Hearth"), or Sheltomezhsk, Icon of the Mother of God (18th century)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
March 6/March 19. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
March 19 / March 6. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
March 6. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). pp. 19–20.
March 6. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 67–68.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 102–105.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 6 ΜΑΡΤΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
Συναξαριστής. 6 Μαρτίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
Russian Sources
19 марта (6 марта). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
6 марта (ст.ст.) 19 марта 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
March in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
4003593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20volume%20index | Negative volume index | The Negative Volume Index and Positive Volume Index indicators are indicators to identify primary market trends and reversals.
In 1936, Paul L. Dysart, Jr. began accumulating two series of advances and declines distinguished by whether volume was greater or lesser than the prior day's volume. He called the cumulative series for the days when volume had been greater than the prior day's volume the Positive Volume Index (PVI), and the series for the days when volume had been lesser the Negative Volume Index (NVI).
A native of Iowa, Dysart worked in Chicago's LaSalle Street during the 1920s. After giving up his Chicago Board of Trade membership, he published an advisory letter geared to short-term trading using advance-decline data. In 1933, he launched the Trendway weekly stock market letter and published it until 1969 when he died. Dysart also developed the 25-day Plurality Index, the 25-day total of the absolute difference between the number of advancing issues and the number of declining issues, and was a pioneer in using several types of volume of trading studies. Richard Russell, editor of Dow Theory Letters, in his January 7, 1976 letter called Dysart "one of the most brilliant of the pioneer market technicians."
Dysart’s NVI and PVI
The daily volume of the New York Stock Exchange and the NYSE Composite Index's advances and declines drove Dysart's indicators. Dysart believed that “volume is the driving force in the market.” He began studying market breadth numbers in 1931, and was familiar with the work of Leonard P. Ayres and James F. Hughes, who pioneered the tabulation of advances and declines to interpret stock market movements.
Dysart calculated NVI as follows: 1) if today's volume is less than yesterday's volume, subtract declines from advances, 2) add the difference to the cumulative NVI beginning at zero, and 3) retain the current NVI reading for the days when volume is greater than the prior day's volume. He calculated PVI in the same manner but for the days when volume was greater than the prior day's volume. NVI and PVI can be calculated daily or weekly.
Initially, Dysart believed that PVI would be the more useful series, but in 1967, he wrote that NVI had “proved to be the most valuable of all the breadth indexes.” He relied most on NVI, naming it AMOMET, the acronym of “A Measure Of Major Economic Trend.”
Dysart's theory, expressed in his 1967 Barron's article, was that “if volume advances and prices move up or down in accordance [with volume], the move is assumed to be a good movement - if it is sustained when the volume subsides.” In other words, after prices have moved up on positive volume days, "if prices stay up when the volume subsides for a number of days, we can say that such a move is 'good'." If the market “holds its own on negative volume days after advancing on positive volume, the market is in a strong position.”
He called PVI the “majority” curve. Dysart distinguished between the actions of the “majority” and those of the “minority.” The majority tends to emulate the minority, but its timing is not as sharp as that of the minority. When the majority showed an appetite for stocks, the PVI was usually “into new high ground” as happened in 1961.
It is said that the two indicators assume that "smart" money is traded on quiet days (low volume) and that the crowd trades on very active days. Therefore, the negative volume index picks out days when the volume is lower than on the previous day, and the positive index picks out days with a higher volume.
Dysart’s Interpretation of NVI and PVI
Besides an article he wrote for Barron's in 1967, not many of Dysart's writings are available. What can be interpreted about Dysart's NVI is that whenever it rises above a prior high, and the DJIA is trending up, a “Bull Market Signal” is given. When the NVI falls below a prior low, and the DJIA is trending down, a “Bear Market Signal” is given. The PVI is interpreted in reverse.
However, not all movements above or below a prior NVI or PVI level generate signals, as Dysart also designated “bullish” and “bearish penetrations.” These penetrations could occur before or after a Bull or Bear Market Signal, and at times were called “reaffirmations” of a signal. In 1969, he articulated one rule: “signals are most authentic when the NVI has moved sideways for a number of months in a relatively narrow range.” Dysart cautioned that “there is no mathematical system devoid of judgment which will continuously work without error in the stock market.”
According to Dysart, between 1946 and 1967, the NVI “rendered 17 significant signals,” of which 14 proved to be right (an average of 4.32% from the final high or low) and 3 wrong (average loss of 6.33%). However, NVI “seriously erred” in 1963-1964 and in 1968, which concerned him. In 1969, Dysart reduced the weight he had previously given to the NVI in his analyses because NVI was no longer a “decisive” indicator of the primary trend, although it retained an “excellent ability to give us ‘leading’ indications of short-term trend reversals.”
A probable reason for the NVI losing its efficacy during the mid-1960s may have been the steadily higher NYSE daily volume due to the dramatic increase in the number of issues traded so that prices rose on declining volume. Dysart’s NVI topped out in 1955 and trended down until at least 1968, although the DJIA moved higher during that period.
Norman G. Fosback has attributed the “long term increase in the number of issues traded” as a reason for a downward bias in a cumulative advance-decline line. Fosback was the next influential technician in the story of NVI and PVI.
Fosback’s Variations
Fosback studied NVI and PVI and in 1976 reported his findings in his classic Stock Market Logic. He did not elucidate on the indicators’ background or mentioned Dysart except for saying that “in the past Negative Volume Indexes have always [his emphasis] been constructed using advance-decline data….” He posited, “There is no good reason for this fixation on the A/D Line. In truth, a Negative Volume Index can be calculated with any market index - the Dow Jones Industrial Average, the S&P 500, or even ‘unweighted’ market measures.... Somehow this point has escaped the attention of technicians to date.”
The point had not been lost on Dysart, who wrote in Barron’s, “we prefer to use the issues-traded data [advances and declines] rather than the price data of any average because it is more all-encompassing, and more truly represents what’s happening in the entire market.” Dysart was a staunch proponent of using advances and declines.
Fosback made three variations to NVI and PVI:
1. He cumulated the daily percent change in the market index rather than the difference between advances and declines. On negative volume days, he calculated the price change in the index from the prior day and added it to the most recent NVI. His calculations are as follows:
If Ct and Cy denote the closing prices of today and yesterday, respectively, the NVI for today is calculated by
adding NVIyesterday (Ct - Cy) / Cy to yesterday's NVI if today's volume is lower than yesterday's, adding zero otherwise,
and the PVI is calculated by:
adding PVIyesterday (Ct - Cy) / Cy to yesterday's PVI if today's volume is higher than yesterday's, adding zero otherwise.
2. He suggested starting the cumulative count at a base index level such as 100.
3. He derived buy or sell signals by whether the NVI or PVI was above or below its one-year moving average.
Fosback's versions of NVI and PVI are what are popularly described in books and posted on Internet financial sites. Often reported are his findings that whenever NVI is above its one-year moving average there is a 96% (PVI - 79%) probability that a bull market is in progress, and when it is below its one-year moving average, there is a 53% (PVI - 67%) probability that a bear market is in place. These results were derived using a 1941-1975 test period. Modern tests might reveal different probabilities.
Today, NVI and PVI are commonly associated with Fosback's versions, and Dysart, their inventor, is forgotten. It cannot be said that one version is better than the other. While Fosback provided a more objective interpretation of these indicators, Dysart's versions offer value to identify primary trends and short-term trend reversals.
Although some traders use Fosback's NVI and PVI to analyze individual stocks, the indicators were created to track, and have been tested, on major market indexes. NVI was Dysart's most invaluable breadth index, and Fosback found that his version of “the Negative Volume Index is an excellent indicator of the primary market trend.” Traders can benefit from both innovations.
References
Appel, Gerald, Winning Market Systems, pp. 42–44, Windsor Books, Bridgewaters, New York (1989)
Dysart, Jr., Paul L., "Bear Market Signal?: A Sensitive Breadth Index Has Just Flashed One", Barron's (Sept. 4, 1967)
Fosback, Norman G., Stock Market Logic: A Sophisticated Approach to Profits on Wall Street, pp. 120–124, Deaborn Financial Printing, Chicago, Illinois (1993)
Market Technicians Association, "Paul L. Dysart, Jr. Annual Award" (1990, ed. James E. Alphier)
Russell, Richard, Dow Theory Letters, Jan. 7, 1976 (no. 652); see also Dow Theory Letters nos. 638, 642, and 646
Schade, Jr., George A., "Traders Adjust the Volume Indicators", Stocks, Futures and Options Magazine (Nov. 2005)
"Negative Volume Index (NVI) Indicator - For long term / positional traders"
Technical indicators |
4003594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dollar%20cost%20averaging | Dollar cost averaging | Dollar cost averaging (DCA) is an investment strategy that aims to apply value investing principles to regular investment. The term was first coined by Benjamin Graham in his book The Intelligent Investor. Graham writes that dollar cost averaging "means simply that the practitioner invests in common stocks the same number of dollars each month or each quarter. In this way he buys more shares when the market is low than when it is high, and he is likely to end up with a satisfactory overall price for all his holdings."
Dollar cost averaging is also called pound-cost averaging (in the UK), and, irrespective of currency, unit cost averaging, incremental trading, or the cost average effect. It should not be confused with the constant dollar plan, which is a form of rebalancing investments.
The technique is so called because of its potential for reducing the average cost of shares bought. As the number of shares that can be bought for a fixed amount of money varies inversely with their price, DCA effectively leads to more shares being purchased when their price is low and fewer when they are expensive. As a result, DCA can lower the total average cost per share of the investment, giving the investor a lower overall cost for the shares purchased over time. The alternate strategies are to purchase a fixed number of shares each time period, or to save up the funds that are available for investment and attempt to purchase shares at times when the market is low, ie market timing. A major advantage for the investor using DCA is not having to make a decision on a day to day basis about the best time to invest the funds, but there are obvious advantages in simplicity and also in promoting habitual or automated regular investing.
Return
Given that the same amount of money is invested each time, the return from dollar cost averaging on the total money invested is
where is the final price of the investment and is the harmonic mean of the purchase price. If the time between purchases is small compared to the total time between the first purchase and the sale of the assets, then can be estimated by the harmonic mean of all the prices within the purchase period. Given that the harmonic mean is lower than the arithmetic mean, dollar cost averaging will, on average, result in a lower per share price than the alternate strategy of purchasing a fixed number of shares each time. Given that the historical market value of a balanced portfolio has increased over time, DCA will also, on average, be superior to keeping the funds out of the market and purchasing the shares at a later date.
Considerations when setting up dollar cost averaging
In dollar cost averaging, the investor decides only two parameters: the fixed amount of money to invest each time period (i.e. the amount that is available to invest) and how often the funds are invested. No further decisions need to be made about either the timing or the level of future investments and this lends itself to an automatic investment system such as a payroll deduction or scheduled bank transfer. In many cases the investment can be made in line with the payment of regular income - for example an investor who is paid fortnightly can set up a fortnightly automatic investment. However, if investing in assets with transaction costs (for example brokerage) then frequent investments, particularly if the amount to be invested is low, can result in the drag from transaction costs outweighing the return from having the investment in the market at an earlier time. This issue does not arise for the purchase of assets where transaction costs are a flat proportion of the amount invested, or for investments such as managed funds with no transaction costs.
For example, if the brokerage cost is $20 per transaction, and the investor has $500 per fortnight available to invest into an asset returning 6% per annum, then the 4% cost of the brokerage is higher than the expected return of 0.23% of having the $500 invested for that fortnight. Changing the DCA period to every 4 weeks decreases the cost of the brokerage to 2% of the invested amount and the expected return over 4 weeks is 0.46%. In this situation, the optimum period would be 10 weeks as the brokerage is 0.8% and the expected return is 1.15%.
Confusion with strategies for investment of a windfall
In recent years, however, confusion of the term "dollar cost averaging" with what Vanguard call a systematic implementation plan has arisen. The term "dollar cost averaging" is used to describe a delayed and staged investment strategy used in the situation where the investor has a windfall gain such as an insurance payout or inheritance, as opposed to the immediate investment of the entire sum. The delayed, staged strategy seems preferable for the investor who is concerned with avoiding timing risk (the risk of missing out in beneficial movements in price due to an error in market timing) then instead of investing the entire sum immediately, or waiting for the (mythical) ideal time to invest the entire sum, the investor spreads their investment of the windfall sum into the market over time in a staged way, which appears similar to dollar cost averaging. This behaviour is driven by the fear that volatility in the market could cause a significant drop in the value of the investment immediately after the investment is made.
This confusion of terms is perpetuated by some articles that refer to this systematic (delayed) investing of a lump sum as DCA.(AARP, Motley Fool) Vanguard specifically discusses the confusion in their paper: "We refer to the gradual investment of a large sum as a systematic implementation plan or systematic investment plan. Industry practice is to refer to such strategies as dollar-cost averaging; however, this term is also commonly used to describe fixed-dollar investments made over time from current income as it becomes available. (A familiar example of this form of dollar-cost averaging is regular payroll deductions for investment in a workplace retirement plan.) By contrast, we are describing a situation in which a lump sum of cash is immediately available for investment."). However, in other publications Vanguard appear to have given up on clarifying the error and simply refer to the systematic (delayed) strategy as "dollar-cost averaging"
Additional confusion arises in situations where there is no windfall gain, but instead an investor seeks to make a large change in the asset allocation of their existing investments. For example, they may have a large proportion of their investment in defensive assets such as cash or bonds, and decide to change a significant proportion to more volatile assets such as equities. Again the fear of a sudden fall in the value of the more volatile asset class immediately after the change in asset allocation may make the investor wish to make the change in a systematic (delayed) fashion even though this actually defeats the purpose of the decision to make the change in asset allocation in the first place.
Discussion of the risks and benefits of dollar cost averaging
The pros and cons of DCA have long been a subject for debate among both commercial and academic specialists in investment strategies. It is easily demonstrated mathematically that dollar cost averaging (as defined by Benjamin Graham) is superior to the alternatives of purchasing a fixed number of shares with the same time intervals. If the expectation is for an increasing market then it is also superior to saving the funds to purchase at a later date. While some financial advisors, such as Suze Orman, advise the use of DCA, others, such as Timothy Middleton, confuse delayed investment of a lump sum with DCA and then claim it is nothing more than a marketing gimmick and not a sound investment strategy.
Almost all recent discussion and debate about DCA is actually based on confusion with the situation of the investment of a windfall, even though this is actually a rare event for most investors. The controversy and interest in the discussion comes from the sudden discovery of "proof" that the previously accepted as optimal strategy of DCA has now been discovered to be "sub-optimal", even though the discussion is actually about a completely different strategy and situation. Vanguard specifically point out they are not discussing dollar cost averaging, but articles discussing their results immediately confuse the strategy being discussed with DCA.
Vanguard's historical modelling showed that investing a windfall immediately outperformed systematic (delayed) investing two thirds of the time. This result is not unexpected: if the market is expected to trend upward over time, then a systematic investment plan which delays investment can conversely be expected to face a statistical headwind when compared to investing immediately: the investor is choosing to invest at a future time rather than today, even though future prices are expected to be higher. But most individual investors, especially in the context of retirement investing, never face investing a significant windfall. The disservice arises when these investors take these misunderstood criticisms of DCA to mean that timing the market is better than continuously and automatically investing a portion of their income as they earn it. For example, stopping one's retirement investment contributions during a declining market on account of the argued weaknesses of DCA would indicate a misunderstanding of those arguments.
The financial costs and benefits of systematic (delayed) investing have also been examined in many studies using real market data. These studies often confusingly use the term dollar cost averaging instead, and reveal (as expected) that the delayed strategy does not deliver on its promises and is not an ideal investment strategy.
Some investment advisors who acknowledge the sub-optimality of delaying investing a windfall nevertheless advocate it as a behavioural tool that makes it easier for some investors to start investing a windfall lump sum or making a change in asset allocation. They contrast the relative benefits of DCA versus never investing the lump sum or making the change. One study found that the best time horizon when delaying investing a windfall in the stock market in terms of balancing return and risk is 6 or 12 months.
Recent research has highlighted the behavioural economic aspects of systematic (delayed) investing, which allows investors to make a trade-off between the regret caused by not making the most of a rising market and that caused by investing into a falling market, which are known to be asymmetric. Middleton claims that DCA helps investors enter the market, investing more over time than they might otherwise be willing to do all at once.
References
Further reading
The Intelligent Investor: revised 1972 edition Benjamin Graham, Jason Zweig. Collins, 2003.
External links
Investopedia
Calculator
Tuned DCA Article
Finra article about DCA caveats
Simulate DCA with financial data
Investment |
4003601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Duan%20%28Murong%20Chui%27s%20wife%29 | Princess Duan (Murong Chui's wife) | Princess Duan (段王妃, personal name unknown) (died 358), formally Empress Chengzhao (成昭皇后, literally "the successful and accomplished empress") was the first wife of the Former Yan general Murong Chui, who would later become the founder of Later Yan. She was the mother of his sons Murong Ling (慕容令) and Murong Bao.
Princess Duan was the daughter of Duan Mopei (段末柸), one in a line of Duan chiefs carrying the title of Duke of Liaoxi. Because she came from an honored lineage (originally on par with Former Yan's imperial clan, the Murongs), she did not respect Murong Jun (Emperor Jingzhao)'s wife Empress Kezuhun, and Empress Kezuhun despised her greatly. In 358, perhaps at her instigation, the eunuch Nie Hao (涅浩) falsely accused Princess Duan of witchcraft. Murong Jun had her and her alleged coconspirator, Murong Chui's assistant Gao Bi (高弼), arrested.
Princess Duan and Gao were tortured, but they refused to admit the charges of witchcraft, and because of this the torture was intensified. Murong Chui was saddened by his wife's suffering, and he sent her a message trying to persuade her to end her suffering by admitting to the charge (and thus end the torture but be sentenced to death). Princess Duan remarked:
As she was interrogated, Princess Duan replied logically and openly, and Murong Chui was able to avoid being dragged into the case, but she still died in prison, either from the torture or a secret execution.
Murong Chui subsequently married her sister, and then her niece Duan Yuanfei as his wife. In 388, after he had established Later Yan, he posthumously honored her as Empress Chengzhao.
References
Zizhi Tongjian, vol. 100.
358 deaths
Former Yan people
Later Yan
Chinese people who died in prison custody
Prisoners who died in Chinese detention
4th-century Chinese women
4th-century Chinese people
Year of birth unknown
Duan tribe
People accused of witchcraft
Chinese torture victims
Witchcraft in China
Later Yan posthumous empresses |
5398957 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irving%20Saladino | Irving Saladino | Irving Jahir Saladino Aranda (born January 23, 1983) is a Panamanian former long jumper. He was Olympic champion, having won at the 2008 Beijing Olympics, and is Panama's first and only Olympic gold medalist. He was world champion in the long jump in 2007. He represented his country at three straight Olympics, from 2004 to 2012, and competed at four World Championships in Athletics from 2005 to 2011.
Amongst his honours are a silver medal from the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships and gold medals at the Pan American Games, Central American and Caribbean Games, Central American Games, South American Games, the IAAF World Cup and the Ibero-American Championships in Athletics. He holds a long jump best of , set in 2008. He ranks in the all-time top ten for the event. He had the longest jumps in the world in the 2006 and 2008 seasons.
Biography
Saladino was born in Colón, Colón Province, Panama. At the 2006 IAAF World Indoor Championships he finished second with a new South American indoor record of 8.29 metres. In 2006 he won five (Oslo, Rome, Zurich, Brussels, Berlin) out of six Golden League events in the same season, which earned him a total of $83,333. His only defeat was in Paris where he was second. With 8.56 metres achieved in May 2006 he became the South American record holder.
The 2006 world leader in the long jump, Saladino launched his 2007 season with the farthest leap of the year, 8.53 m (−0.2 m/s wind), to capture the victory at the "Grande Prêmio Rio Caixa de Atletismo", held in Rio de Janeiro on May 13, 2007. On 24 May 2008, Saladino achieved a new personal record. During the FBK Games in Hengelo, Saladino jumped with his first attempt to 8.73 m (+1.2 m/s wind).
He carried the flag for his native country at the opening ceremony of the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. On 30 August 2007 Saladino became the World Champion in Osaka. He led with the mark of 8.30 metres from his second attempt, then improved to 8.46 m, until the penultimate jump of the contest, when he was overtaken by Andrew Howe who set as mark 8.47 m. Saladino was able to earn the gold medal on the last attempt of the contest, in which he jumped 8.57 m.
Saladino competed at the 2008 Summer Olympics in Beijing, China, where he made history in Central America and his country, Panama, by winning the gold medal in the long jump competition on 18 August 2008, with a jump of 8.34 meters, giving Panama their first Olympic medal since the 1948 Summer Olympics, and their first gold ever. This is also the first Olympic gold medal ever won in a men's event by an athlete from Central America.
On 21 August 2008 after winning Olympic gold, he arrived to Panama a national hero. Government offices and public schools were closed in honor of him. At a welcoming ceremony, Panamanian boxing legend Roberto Durán presented the Olympic gold medal to Irving Saladino for a second time. Martin Torrijos, President of Panama, announced a decree to name a sports facility in the Villa Deportiva in Juan Díaz after Saladino and granted a check to him for 50,000 U.S. dollars. Also, Ruben Blades performed the song "Patria" (Motherland) in front of thousands of cheering Panamanians.
Saladino qualified for the 2012 Summer Olympics and he was chosen to be Panama's flag bearer. He was eliminated early after underperforming due to injury.
Saladino's performances declined after the 2011, and although he managed to clear in the 2014 season, he announced his retirement that August.
Personal bests
Long jump: 8.73 m (wind: +1.2 m/s) – Hengelo, Netherlands, 24 May 2008
Triple jump: 14.51 m – San José, Costa Rica, 11 October 2002
International competitions
References
External links
1983 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Colón, Panama
Panamanian male long jumpers
Olympic athletes of Panama
Olympic gold medalists for Panama
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2012 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Pan American Games gold medalists for Panama
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2007 Pan American Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Panama
World Athletics Championships medalists
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Central American and Caribbean Games gold medalists for Panama
IAAF Golden League winners
South American Games gold medalists for Panama
South American Games medalists in athletics
Central American Games gold medalists for Panama
Central American Games medalists in athletics
Competitors at the 2014 South American Games
Competitors at the 2006 Central American and Caribbean Games
World Athletics Championships winners
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics
Medalists at the 2007 Pan American Games |
5398959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der%20Emes | Der Emes | Der Emes (in Yiddish: , meaning 'The Truth', from ) was a Soviet newspaper in Yiddish. A continuation of the short-lived Di varhayt, Der Emes began publishing in Moscow on August 8, 1918. The publisher was the Central Committee of the Russian Communist Party (Bolsheviks). Moishe Litvakov was its editor-in-chief from 1921 until his arrest in the fall of 1937; after that, the newspaper was headed by an anonymous "editorial board". From January 7, 1921 to March 1930 Der Emes appeared as the organ of the Central Bureau of Yevsektsiya. In January 1939 the campaign against Yiddish culture in the USSR became widespread, and Der Emes was liquidated.
Featured highlights
Der Emes was a conductor of the Soviet propaganda and ideas directed at ordinary Jews in the USSR and all around the world.
The most prominent line of the newspaper was the struggle against antisemitic occurrences in the USSR and the Russian Diaspora. Since 1933 there was a continuous blaming of racism in Germany under Hitler.
The last but not least topic was the promotion of Soviet Jewish proletarian culture in Yiddish that ranged from the Jewish Settlement to Yiddish theatres. And of course there was encounter with other Jewish ideological rivals (the Bund, Zionism etc.), which offered their ways to solve the Jewish question.
References
See also
History of the Jews in Russia and Soviet Union
Yevsektsiya
Jewish Bolshevism
Esther Frumkin
Jewish anti-Zionism in Russia
Jewish anti-Zionism in the Soviet Union
Jews and Judaism in Moscow
Yiddish communist newspapers
Propaganda in the Soviet Union
Secular Jewish culture in Europe
Yiddish-language mass media in Russia
Newspapers published in Moscow
Publications established in 1918
Publications disestablished in 1939 |
5398961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/5%20Canada%20Square | 5 Canada Square | 5 Canada Square is a 15-storey, office building in the Canary Wharf financial district development of London, England.
Overview
5 Canada Square was completed in 2003. The steel-framed building has an aluminum curtain wall and it features a large atrium on its south side with of floorspace.
The principal tenant at 5 Canada Square is the European arm and HQ of Bank of America Securities. The building is used for the bank’s global cash-management business for clients. Credit Suisse also occupies part of the building.
History
In 2003, Royal Bank of Scotland (or RBS) bought 5 Canada Square along with 25 Canada Square, another Canary Wharf building, for a total of £1.1 billion from Canary Wharf, a major property firm that developed the facility. 5 Canada Square was originally leased by Credit Suisse First Boston but after a banking downturn and not needing the space, Credit Suisse let the space to Bank of America.
In July 2007, the building was sold by RBS to Evans Randall, a banking firm, for £452 million, making it the firm’s largest UK investment to date. In 2011, Bank of America chose to renew its lease at 5 Canada Square instead of move to another London location. The building was subsequently sold to St Martins Property Group in January 2013.
From late 2016, Thomson Reuters is due to sublease 350,000 sq ft from Credit Suisse until 2020, consolidating all of its London operations under one roof for the first time.
References
External links
Skyscraper office buildings in London
Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Tower Hamlets
Canary Wharf buildings
Skidmore, Owings & Merrill buildings
Office buildings completed in 2003 |
5398963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Monsters | Little Monsters | Little Monsters is a 1989 American comedy film starring Fred Savage and Howie Mandel and directed by Richard Alan Greenberg, most widely known for his work in design main titles of movie blockbusters, like the Superman of 1978 (his most famous title score). It tells the story of a boy who befriends a real-life "monster under the bed" and discovers a secret world of monsters who sneak into children's bedrooms at night to pull pranks on them.
Plot
Brian Stevenson's family has just moved to suburban Boston, and he feels isolated in his new neighborhood. One morning, Brian finds himself blamed and wrongfully punished for several things he did not do. Insisting on his innocence, he blames his younger brother, Eric, who claims to have seen a monster the night before. At school, Brian gets into a fight with bully Ronnie Coleman. That night, upon returning to Eric's room to sleep for a bet, Brian finds the room in shambles, and sees the TV remote supernaturally slide and disappear under the bed. The next morning, Eric and his friend Todd find Brian on the living room couch and joke about Brian being unable to sleep the entire night in Eric's room. Brian bets Eric "double or nothing" to sleep in Eric's room another night. The next night, a determined Brian sets booby traps, and leaves cheese Doritos as bait to attract the alleged "monster."
Brian succeeds in trapping the monster intruder: a blue-skinned humanoid named Maurice. Though initially scared, Brian soon discovers that he and Maurice share the same interests and befriends him. Brian also learns that sunlight causes the monsters to collapse into piles of clothes. Over several nights, Maurice shows him a fun time in the monster world beneath Eric's bed. It consists of every child's dream: all the junk food and video games available, with no adults to supervise. It also has innumerable staircases leading to the spaces beneath children's beds, from which the monsters cause trouble. Maurice and Brian have fun making mischief in other people's homes, and Brian also befriends a girl named Kiersten at his school. However, at the same time, Brian also begins to notice Maurice's ways of causing mischief can go too far sometimes, as evidenced when Maurice eats Kiersten's papers for an important science project she was working on, causing her to get a grade of zero. Brian also becomes disheartened when he believes that his parents may possibly get a divorce.
One night, Maurice brings Brian along with several other monsters to the bedroom of an infant baby, intending to scare it. Finding this to be cruel, Brian opens the bedroom door, exposing the hallway light to the baby's bedroom, but subsequently learns that he is turning into a monster, as his body parts shrink when the light hits him. He escapes the house through the front door and walks through Todd's backyard, where Todd is sleeping in a treehouse. Todd shines a flashlight on Brian, shrinking Brian's arm in the process. The concerned Brian saws off the legs of all the beds in his house.
Due to Maurice's failure to convert Brian (all monsters are former children), Eric is kidnapped by Snik — another, much crueler monster — through the couch bed in the living room. Brian enlists help from Todd and Kiersten. Gathering an assortment of bright lights, they enter the monster universe looking for Eric. "Zapping" various monsters along the way, they march to the master staircase, where Boy, the ruler of the monster world, resides. Boy offers to release Eric and Brian's friends if Brian agrees to convert, but Brian refuses. The bright lights are destroyed and they are all placed with Maurice in a locked dungeon-type room. They manage to escape by turning Maurice into a pile of clothes via an improvised light and slide him through the door crack. They re-arm themselves with more powerful lights, recruit Ronnie, and venture back into the monster world. They return to Boy's domain, and are able to defeat him, while Maurice defeats Snik with a flamethrower.
Unfortunately, Brian and the others find that they cannot return home because the sun has risen. Faced with the prospect of turning into monsters if they do not return to the human world by sunrise, the children travel in the monster world from the Eastern time zone to Malibu where the sun has not risen yet and they manage to escape. Before entering the human world, Brian shares a heartfelt goodbye with Maurice, who gives Brian his leather vest as a memento, promising to meet again with him someday. The kids run to a payphone and Brian calls home to say that he and Eric are in Malibu and begins to explain their story to their parents.
Cast
Fred Savage as Brian Stevenson, an 11-year-old boy
Howie Mandel as Maurice, a monster whom Brian befriends
Ben Savage as Eric Stevenson, Brian's younger brother
Daniel Stern as Glen Stevenson, Brian's hot-tempered father
Margaret Whitton as Holly Stevenson, Brian's mother
Frank Whaley as Boy, ruler of the monster world
Rick Ducommun as Snik, Boy's right-hand man
Amber Barretto as Kiersten, a girl Brian likes
Devin Ratray as Ronnie Coleman, a bully who bothers Brian
William Murray Weiss as Todd, Eric's best friend
Brian's father Glen is played by Daniel Stern, who was working on The Wonder Years as the elder, retrospective (voice-over) version of Savage's character, Kevin Arnold. Real-life siblings Fred and Ben Savage play the respective roles of siblings Brian and Eric Stevenson, and their sister Kala plays a little monster.
Soundtrack
The movie soundtrack featured the Talking Heads song "Road to Nowhere" running over the end credits. Two original songs were written for the movie performed by Billie Hughes.
The music supervisors were Gary Goetzman and Sharon Boyle.
Plans for the release of the soundtrack album failed upon the pending bankruptcy of Vestron Pictures.
Release
The film was financed by Vestron Pictures. Along with a few other films, the distribution rights were sold to Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer/United Artists after Vestron's bankruptcy (though Vestron retained some foreign rights). It subsequently saw a limited release, with only 179 movie theaters showing the film at its high point, although it grossed just under US$800,000. A DVD release was made available in the United States and Canada on April 6, 2004. Lionsgate released the film on Blu-ray for the first time as part of their "Vestron Video Collector's Series" line on September 15, 2020.
Reception
On Rotten Tomatoes the film has an approval rating of 44% based on reviews from 9 critics.
Chris Willman of the Los Angeles Times found Howie Mandel's monster Maurice to be uncannily close to Beetlejuice although this film is for children. He notes "there's sweetness and whimsicality in its fantasy, but there’s also a fair amount of gross-out humor" and admits that "some of it is actually funny". Willman says the film ultimately turns into a special-effects extravaganza, but seems to have been held back by its limited budget.
See also
List of American films of 1989
References
External links
Little Monsters Review at "The 80s Movie Rewind"
Little Monsters (1989) at Box Office Mojo
I Wanna Yell at YouTube
Magic Of The Night at YouTube
Road to Nowhere at YouTube
1980s adventure comedy films
1980s comedy films
1980s fantasy-comedy films
1980s monster movies
1989 directorial debut films
1989 films
1989 independent films
American adventure comedy films
American children's comedy films
American children's fantasy films
American fantasy-comedy films
American independent films
American monster movies
Davis Entertainment films
Fictional duos
Films produced by John Davis
Films scored by David Newman
Films set in Boston
Films shot in Massachusetts
Films shot in North Carolina
Films with screenplays by Ted Elliott
Films with screenplays by Terry Rossio
United Artists films
Vestron Pictures films |
5398987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fog%20City%20Diner | Fog City Diner | Fog City, previously known as the Fog City Diner, is a San Francisco, California, landmark. Located at 1300 Battery Street just off The Embarcadero near the Filbert Steps, the diner was a popular tourist attraction, as well as an occasional movie location. (Among other productions, it was used in So I Married an Axe Murderer with Mike Myers and an episode of Nash Bridges, starring Don Johnson.)
The decor of the diner was styled as 1930s nostalgia, with stainless steel, checkered tile, and other typical diner accoutrements of that era, although the cuisine was modern.
The diner closed on March 15, 2013, and reopened later that year as Fog City.
External links
Fog City website
Landmarks in San Francisco
Restaurants in San Francisco
Restaurants established in 1985
Diners in the United States
1985 establishments in California |
5399004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbath | Abbath | Olve Eikemo (born 27 June 1973), better known by his stage name Abbath Doom Occulta or simply Abbath, is a Norwegian musician best known as a founding member of the black metal band Immortal. Before founding Immortal, Abbath performed with Old Funeral alongside future Immortal member Demonaz. While working with Old Funeral, he also joined Demonaz's band Amputation which later became Immortal. He also plays bass in Demonaz's eponymous project.
Although he is primarily a guitarist, he is also proficient as a bassist and a drummer, having recorded all drums for Immortal albums Pure Holocaust and Battles in the North. Following his departure from Immortal in 2015, he announced that he would be forming a new band under the Abbath name.
Early life
Eikemo was born in Odda and grew up in Lysefjorden in Os just outside Bergen in Norway. As a young boy, he was an avid fan of hard rock band Kiss. His first heavy metal album was Creatures of the Night, which made him feel "immortal". He started his musical career with the band Old Funeral. He cites getting his first Venom video and his first Bathory album as the moment where "that was it" in his musical development.
Projects
Immortal
Immortal's history began in 1989 as death metal band Amputation. At various times throughout Immortal's existence, Abbath was lead vocalist, bassist, guitarist, keyboardist, drummer, and lyricist, mainly due to the inconsistent line-ups they were able to put together. For a long time, however, Abbath served the band as vocalist, bassist and (studio) drummer while Demonaz played lead guitar. It was not until Horgh arrived that Immortal was able to secure a steady line-up, but problems continued. After the release of Blizzard Beasts in 1997, Demonaz was diagnosed with acute tendinitis, and was consequently forced to quit as guitarist, but remained as lyricist and band manager. They released At the Heart of Winter in 1999, this time with Abbath handling guitar and bass, with Horgh still on drums. This album marks a large shift in sound and style for the music of Immortal. In 2000 they released Damned in Black, with Iscariah on bass. Sons of Northern Darkness was released in 2002, with the same lineup.
Soon after the release of Sons of Northern Darkness, Immortal ceased to exist. The break-up was not caused by tensions or problems, but was rather a mutual one between all members, who claimed to do this for personal reasons.
In early June 2006, it was announced through the German Rock Hard magazine that Abbath and Horgh would reunite as Immortal. They began practicing old material. In regard to when Immortal would start playing live again, Abbath said:
They began to tour again, recently playing shows at Wacken Open Air in Germany, and touring for the first time in Australia and New Zealand in March 2008. The newest Immortal album All Shall Fall was released in September 2009 in Europe with a US release following a month later.
I
In 2006, Abbath started a new band called simply "I". Abbath is the frontman and guitarist of I and is joined by former Immortal drummer Armagedda on drums, Gorgoroth bassist King ov Hell on bass, Enslaved guitarist Arve Isdal on guitars, and former Immortal guitarist Demonaz writing lyrics. The debut album called Between Two Worlds was released in 2006.
ABBATH
After Abbath split with Immortal in 2015, he formed another band, Abbath, taking advantage of his already popular name in the black metal music industry. The band released their first album in early 2016, and played live for the first time at Tuska Open Air 2015.
Bömbers
Bömbers is a Motörhead tribute band formed in 1996. The band consists of Abbath on lead vocals and bass, Tore (ex-Old Funeral) on guitars, and Pez (Punishment Park) on drums. During the Inferno Metal Festival 2007, Abbath joined the German thrash metal band Sodom on stage and performed a cover of Motörhead's "Ace of Spades".
Equipment
As of 2015, Abbath is an endorsee of Schecter Guitars. A signature model was released, called the RavenDark V, in 2017.
Schecter RavenDark V FR Abbath signature model
Schecter Hellraiser Hybrid C-1
Schecter Gary Holt V-1
LTD V-401DX (with Seymour Duncan pickups)
LTD DV8-R (modified to accept a Floyd Rose tremolo system)
GHL Jackson Randy Rhoads copy
Abbath uses an ENGL Ritchie Blackmore Signature E650 amp through either direct line in or a Marshall cabinet.
In popular culture
The character Lars Ümlaüt from the Guitar Hero series of video games features much of the same clothing Abbath wears, and nearly identical corpse paint. The reference is more apparent in Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock, as Ümlaüt's hair is jet black (rather than blonde) just like Abbath.
Jester King Brewery in Austin, Texas has a character similar to Abbath on the label of their Imperial stout.
Discography
Immortal
Diabolical Fullmoon Mysticism (1992)
Pure Holocaust (1993)
Battles in the North (1995)
Blizzard Beasts (1997)
At the Heart of Winter (1999)
Damned in Black (2000)
Sons of Northern Darkness (2002)
All Shall Fall (2009)
I
Between Two Worlds (2006)
Abbath
Abbath (2016)
Outstrider (2019)
Dread Reaver (2022)
Dimmu Borgir
Death Cult Armageddon (2003) - backing vocals on "Progenies of the Great Apocalypse" and "Heavenly Perverse"
Enslaved
Isa (2004) - backing vocals on "Lunar Force"
The Battalion
Stronghold Of Men (2008) - backing vocals on "Detonate" and "Man To Man (Warfare)"
References
|-
1973 births
Living people
Norwegian heavy metal bass guitarists
Norwegian male bass guitarists
Norwegian black metal musicians
Norwegian heavy metal drummers
Male drummers
Norwegian heavy metal guitarists
Norwegian heavy metal singers
Norwegian multi-instrumentalists
Musicians from Os, Hordaland
Black metal singers
20th-century Norwegian male singers
21st-century Norwegian male singers
20th-century bass guitarists
21st-century Norwegian guitarists
20th-century drummers
21st-century Norwegian drummers
Immortal (band) members
Old Funeral members
21st-century Norwegian bass guitarists
I (band) members
Abbath (band) members
Musicians from Odda |
5399016 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/An%20American%20Crime | An American Crime | An American Crime is a 2007 American crime horror drama film directed by Tommy O'Haver and starring Elliot Page and Catherine Keener. The film is based on the true story of the torture and murder of Sylvia Likens by Indianapolis single mother Gertrude Baniszewski. It premiered at the 2007 Sundance Film Festival.
Because of internal problems with the film's original distributor, First Look International, the film was not released theatrically. The Showtime television network officially premiered An American Crime on May 10, 2008.
The film was nominated for a Golden Globe, a Primetime Emmy (both for Keener's performance), and a Writers Guild of America Award.
Plot
In 1965, sixteen-year-old Sylvia Likens and her disabled fifteen-year-old sister, Jenny, are left in the care of an impoverished woman named Gertrude Baniszewski, a church acquaintance and mother to Paula, Johnny, Stephanie, and several younger children. Sylvia and Jenny's parents, Lester and Betty, work in the carnival circuit and leave on a tour. Gertrude agrees to take care of Sylvia and Jenny for a fee of $20 per week.
Lester's payment fails to arrive. Infuriated, Gertrude whips the Likens sisters with a belt. When the payment arrives with a letter from the parents, Gertrude discards the letter without telling the sisters. After Sylvia tells Paula's boyfriend about Paula's pregnancy, Gertrude forces Sylvia to apologize for "spreading lies" and has Johnny help Paula beat Sylvia until she complies. Jenny discovers the letter from their parents in the trash. Sylvia telephones them, but she is seen by the Baniszewski children. Gertrude falsely accuses them of stealing money from her for the call and burns Sylvia with a cigarette. She also accuses Sylvia of flirting with Andy, father of one of Gertrude's sons. She sexually abuses Sylvia and orders Johnny and Stephanie's boyfriend, Coy Hubbard, to push her down the basement stairs. As Jenny weeps, Gertrude says Sylvia will remain in the basement "until she learns her lesson".
Gertrude instructs her children to lie that Sylvia was sent to juvenile detention. With Gertrude's knowledge and approval, Johnny regularly invites the neighborhood children to the basement to abuse Sylvia. Paula soon feels guilty and tells her mother Sylvia has been punished enough. Gertrude ignores Paula, reminding her that there is blood on her hands as well. The Reverend arrives, hinting that Paula has confessed about her pregnancy and Sylvia's treatment. Gertrude lies to him that Sylvia was sent away. Once the Reverend leaves, Gertrude orders everyone into the basement, where she restrains Sylvia and begins branding the words "I'M A PROSTITUTE AND PROUD OF IT" on her stomach with a heated needle. Gertrude passes the needle to her teen neighbor Ricky Hobbs to finish the branding.
That night, Paula helps an injured Sylvia escape from the basement. Gertrude is awakened by another daughter and tries to catch Sylvia, but she is stopped by Paula. Ricky drives Sylvia to her parents. They are horrified by Sylvia's condition and drive her back to the Baniszewski house at her request to make sure Jenny is okay. When Sylvia enters, she sees a distraught Stephanie trying to revive Sylvia with Ricky's help, but to no avail, indicating that the entire escape and reunion with her parents had been a hallucination. Sylvia soon dies in the arms of Stephanie and Ricky, after which Gertrude claims that the death has nothing to do with her.
Once the police arrive, Jenny agrees to testify in court in exchange for her freedom. At the murder trial, Jenny says Gertrude threatened her with the same treatment if she told anyone. Again, Gertrude denies all wrongdoing and tries to frame her children and their friends for Sylvia's death. However, her attempts to frame all her witnesses backfire as she is sentenced to life in prison for first-degree murder. Sylvia's voice narrates the fates of her other murderers. Gertrude, in her prison cell, briefly sees Sylvia's ghost.
Cast
Elliot Page as Sylvia Likens
Catherine Keener as Gertrude Baniszewski
Hayley McFarland as Jenny Fay Likens
Ari Graynor as Paula Baniszewski
Nick Searcy as Lester Likens
Romy Rosemont as Betty Likens
Evan Peters as Ricky Hobbs
James Franco as Andy Gordon
Brian Geraghty as Bradley
Michael Welch as Teddy Lewis
Scott Reeves as Eric
Jeremy Sumpter as Coy Hubbard
Scout Taylor-Compton as Stephanie Baniszewski
Tristan Jarred as Johnny Baniszewski
Hannah Leigh Dworkin as Shirley Baniszewski
Carlie Westerman as Marie Baniszewski
Bradley Whitford as Prosecutor Leroy K. New
Michael O'Keefe as Reverend Bill Collier
Production
Principal photography took place in 2006. Most of the cast were completely unaware of the real Likens murder until after they read the script, which was based largely on actual court transcripts from the case. Catherine Keener originally turned down the role of Gertrude Baniszewski; however, after she could not get the story out of her head, she met with director Tommy O'Haver and agreed to do the film. Elliot Page was the only choice to play Sylvia Likens.
Critical reception
Review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes reports that 38% of 13 critic reviews are positive for the film, with an average rating of 4.6/10. Ginia Bellafante of The New York Times called it "one of the best television movies to appear in years" and praised Catherine Keener's portrayal of Gertrude Baniszewski.
See also
The Girl Next Door, another film loosely based on the Likens case, released in the same year.
Notes
References
External links
2007 New York Times interview with director Tommy O'Haver
Tommy O'Haver's An American Crime blog
2007 crime drama films
2007 horror films
2007 films
American biographical films
American psychological horror films
Torture in films
Horror films based on actual events
American crime drama films
American courtroom films
Crime films based on actual events
Drama films based on actual events
English-language films
Films about child abuse
Films about families
Films set in Indianapolis
Films set in the 1960s
Films directed by Tommy O'Haver
Films produced by Christine Vachon
Killer Films films
Films scored by Alan Lazar |
4003608 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agris%20Saviels | Agris Saviels | Agris Saviels (born January 15, 1982) is a Latvian former professional ice hockey defenseman. He last played for HK Mogo of the Latvian Hockey League (LAT).
Playing career
Saviels was drafted 63rd overall in the 2000 NHL Entry Draft by the Colorado Avalanche. Prior to be drafted, Saviels played in his native country Latvia with HK Lido Nafta Rīga before traveling to North America to play Junior with the Notre Dame Hounds and then the Owen Sound Attack of the Ontario Hockey League.
Saviels was signed by the Colorado Avalanche on July 23, 2002, but never played a game with the team, playing with their affiliate the Hershey Bears of the American Hockey League.
Since the 2005–06 season, Saviels has played in Europe in the Belarus, Russian, Slovak, Latvian and Danish leagues.
In the 2008–09 season, Saviels signed a one-year contract and started with Kontinental Hockey League club Dinamo Riga, but was soon sent down to the farm club, HK Riga 2000 of the Belarusian Extraleague. In January 2009, Saviels then transferred to fellow Belarusian team Metallurg Zhlobin and re-signed to an additional year to continue playing in the 2009–10 season.
On September 1, 2010, Saviels left for Italy and signed a one-year contract as a free agent with Valpellice in the Serie A. During the following season, Saviels returned for a second stint in Italy to end the 2011–12 season with HC Broncos Sterzing-Vipiteno.
On July 28, 2012, it was announced that Saviels had signed for his first venture into Ukraine with HC Kompanion-Naftogaz of the Professional Hockey League. In 28 games, Saviels registered only 3 assists from the Blueline.
On August 12, 2013, due to a pay dispute between players and Kompanion, Saviels returned to Latvia and signed a contract with HK Kurbads of the LHL.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1982 births
Colorado Avalanche draft picks
Dinamo Riga players
Expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Hershey Bears players
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Latvian ice hockey defencemen
Living people
Olympic ice hockey players of Latvia
Owen Sound Attack players
People from Jūrmala
Reading Royals players
Rødovre Mighty Bulls players
Torpedo Nizhny Novgorod players
HC Valpellice players |
4003611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%2012%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | March 12 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | March 11 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 13
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 25 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For March 12th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 27 (February 28 on leap years).
Saints
Righteous Aaron the High Priest, brother of Prophet Moses the God-seer (c. 1530 BC)
Righteous Phineas, grandson of Aaron (ca. 1500 BC) (see also: September 2)
Holy Nine Martyrs in the Persian Empire.
Saint Cyrus (Abba-Cyr), monk of Alexandria (6th century)
Saint Gregory the Dialogist, Pope of Rome (604) (see also: September 3)
Venerable Theophanes the Confessor of Sigriane (818)
Venerable Saints Symeon the New Theologian (1022), and his elder, Symeon the Studite (Symeon the Reverent, the Pious), of the Studion (987) (see also: October 12)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Martyr Mamilian (Maximilian), in Rome.
Martyr Maximilian of Tebessa, in Thebeste in Numidia, for refusing military service (295)
Saint Paul Aurelian (Paul de Léon), Bishop of Léon in Brittany, Confessor (572)
Saint Peter the Deacon, disciple, secretary and companion of St Gregory the Great, and patron-saint of Salussola in Italy (ca. 605)
Saint Mura McFeredach (Muran, Murames), Abbot of Fahan in County Donegal, patron-saint of Fahan where his cross still stands (ca. 645)
Saint Alphege (Ælfheah the Elder, Ælfheah the Bald), Bishop of Winchester, England (951)
Saint Nicodemus of Mammola in Calabria (990)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Venerable Lawrence the Martyr (Lavrentios), one of the "300 Allemagne Saints" in Cyprus (12th century)
Martyr Demetrius the Devoted, King of Georgia (1289)
Saint Stephen Dragutin of Serbia (monk Theoctistus Dragutin), (1316)
New martyrs and confessors
Saint Alexander Derzhavin, Priest, Confessor (1933)
New Hieromartyr Vladimir (Volkov), Archimandrite of Islavskoe (Moscow) (1938)
New Hieromartyr John Plekhanov, Priest (1938)
New Hieromartyr Sergius Skvortsov, Priest (1943)
Other commemorations
Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos "Not-Made-by-Hands" (on the Pillar) at Lydda.
Repose of Schema-monk Anthony the Gorge-dweller, of Zelenchug Monastery in Kuban (1908)
Restoration of the Autocephaly of the Georgian Orthodox and Apostolic Church (1917)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
March 12/March 25. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
March 25 / March 12. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
March 12. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 21.
March 12. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 112–116.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 73–74.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 12 ΜΑΡΤΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
Συναξαριστής. 12 Μαρτίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
Russian Sources
25 марта (12 марта). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
12 марта (ст.ст.) 25 марта 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
March in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
4003614 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multiscale%20modeling | Multiscale modeling | Multiscale modeling or multiscale mathematics is the field of solving problems which have important features at multiple scales of time and/or space. Important problems include multiscale modeling of fluids, solids, polymers, proteins, nucleic acids as well as various physical and chemical phenomena (like adsorption, chemical reactions, diffusion).
History
Horstemeyer 2009, 2012 presented a historical review of the different disciplines (mathematics, physics, and materials science) for solid materials related to multiscale materials modeling.
The aforementioned DOE multiscale modeling efforts were hierarchical in nature. The first concurrent multiscale model occurred when Michael Ortiz (Caltech) took the molecular dynamics code, Dynamo, (developed by Mike Baskes at Sandia National Labs) and with his students embedded it into a finite element code for the first time. Martin Karplus, Michael Levitt, Arieh Warshel 2013 were awarded a Nobel Prize in Chemistry for the development of a multiscale model method using both classical and quantum mechanical theory which were used to model large complex chemical systems and reactions.
Areas of research
In physics and chemistry, multiscale modeling is aimed at the calculation of material properties or system behavior on one level using information or models from different levels. On each level, particular approaches are used for the description of a system. The following levels are usually distinguished: level of quantum mechanical models (information about electrons is included), level of molecular dynamics models (information about individual atoms is included), coarse-grained models (information about atoms and/or groups of atoms is included), mesoscale or nano-level (information about large groups of atoms and/or molecule positions is included), level of continuum models, level of device models. Each level addresses a phenomenon over a specific window of length and time. Multiscale modeling is particularly important in integrated computational materials engineering since it allows the prediction of material properties or system behavior based on knowledge of the process-structure-property relationships.
In operations research, multiscale modeling addresses challenges for decision-makers that come from multiscale phenomena across organizational, temporal, and spatial scales. This theory fuses decision theory and multiscale mathematics and is referred to as multiscale decision-making. Multiscale decision-making draws upon the analogies between physical systems and complex man-made systems.
In meteorology, multiscale modeling is the modeling of the interaction between weather systems of different spatial and temporal scales that produces the weather that we experience. The most challenging task is to model the way through which the weather systems interact as models cannot see beyond the limit of the model grid size. In other words, to run an atmospheric model that is having a grid size (very small ~ ) which can see each possible cloud structure for the whole globe is computationally very expensive. On the other hand, a computationally feasible Global climate model (GCM), with grid size ~ , cannot see the smaller cloud systems. So we need to come to a balance point so that the model becomes computationally feasible and at the same time we do not lose much information, with the help of making some rational guesses, a process called Parametrization.
Besides the many specific applications, one area of research is methods for the accurate and efficient solution of multiscale modeling problems. The primary areas of mathematical and algorithmic development include:
Analytical modeling
Center manifold and slow manifold theory
Continuum modeling
Discrete modeling
Network-based modeling
Statistical modeling
See also
Computational mechanics
Equation-free modeling
Integrated computational materials engineering
Multiphysics
Multiresolution analysis
Space mapping
References
Further reading
External links
Mississippi State University ICME Cyberinfrastructure
Multiscale Modeling of Flow Flow
Multiscale Modeling of Materials (MMM-Tools) Project at Dr. Martin Steinhauser's group at the Fraunhofer-Institute for High-Speed Dynamics, Ernst-Mach-Institut, EMI, at Freiburg, Germany. Since 2013, M.O. Steinhauser is associated at the University of Basel, Switzerland.
Multiscale Modeling Group: Institute of Physical & Theoretical Chemistry, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
Multiscale Materials Modeling: Fourth International Conference, Tallahassee, FL, USA
Multiscale Modeling Tools for Protein Structure Prediction and Protein Folding Simulations, Warsaw, Poland
Multiscale modeling for Materials Engineering: Set-up of quantitative micromechanical models
Multiscale Material Modelling on High Performance Computer Architectures, MMM@HPC project
Modeling Materials: Continuum, Atomistic and Multiscale Techniques (E. B. Tadmor and R. E. Miller, Cambridge University Press, 2011)
An Introduction to Computational Multiphysics II: Theoretical Background Part I Harvard University video series
SIAM Journal of Multiscale Modeling and Simulation
International Journal for Multiscale Computational Engineering
Department of Energy Summer School on Multiscale Mathematics and High Performance Computing
Multiscale Conceptual Model Figures for Biological and Environmental Science
Computational physics
Mathematical modeling |
5399031 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supreme%20Knight%20of%20the%20Knights%20of%20Columbus | Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus | The Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus (more simply referred to as the Supreme Knight) is the title of the chairman of the board and chief executive officer of the Knights of Columbus. The organization comprises approximately 1.9 million members in more than 15,000 councils and operates an insurance company with over $109 billion of life insurance in force, .
Since its founding in 1882, there have been 14 Supreme Knights. Patrick E. Kelly is the current Supreme Knight incumbent, holding this position since March 1, 2021.
References
Bibliography
Knights of Columbus |
4003617 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahim%20Aga%20Khan | Rahim Aga Khan | Prince Rahim Aga Khan (رحیم آغا خان; born 12 October 1971) is the second of the Aga Khan IV’s four children. Based in Geneva, Switzerland, he has been actively involved for many years in the governance of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN).
Early life and education
Prince Rahim Aga Khan was born on October 12, 1971, in Geneva, the eldest son of Prince Karim Aga Khan and his first wife Princess Salimah Aga Khan.
Prince Rahim received his secondary education at Phillips Academy, Andover, Massachusetts (1990) and graduated from Brown University, Rhode Island, U.S. with a bachelor's degree in Comparative Literature awarded in 1995. In 2006, he completed an executive development program in management and administration at the University of Navarra IESE Business School in Barcelona, Spain. In 2010, he established the Aga Khan Brown Workshop series at the Watson Institute.
Career
Prince Rahim has been actively involved in the governance of the Aga Khan Development Network (AKDN), where he currently chairs the AKDN Environment and Climate Committee and co-chairs AKDN's Budget Review Committees.
Prince Rahim sits on either the Board or Executive Committee for several of the AKDN's agencies and affiliated structures, namely the Aga Khan Fund for Economic Development, the Aga Khan University Foundation, the Aga Khan Foundation, the Aga Khan Development Network Foundation, the Aga Khan Agency for Microfinance and the Aga Khan Trust for Culture.
Prince Rahim travels regularly to oversee programs and other projects of the Aga Khan Development Network.
Personal life
Prince Rahim was married to Kendra Spears on 31 August 2013 in Geneva, Switzerland. They have two children: Prince Irfan (b. 11 April 2015) and Prince Sinan (b. 2 January 2017).
In 2019 he bought a house in Unstad, in Vestvågøy, in Lofoten, in Norway.
References
1971 births
Living people
Iranian Ismailis
Noorani family
Phillips Academy alumni
Brown University alumni
British people of Pakistani descent
British people of Iranian descent
British people of Italian descent
Pakistani Ismailis
British Ismailis
British people of Arab descent
People from Vestvågøy |
5399032 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages%20of%20Ivory%20Coast | Languages of Ivory Coast | Ivory Coast () is a multilingual country with an estimated 78 languages currently spoken.
The official language, French, was introduced during the colonial period. This language is taught in schools and serves as a lingua franca in the country, along with Dioula.
The seventy or so indigenous languages fall into five main branches of the Niger–Congo family. In the southeastern quadrant are Kwa languages, some such as Baoulé and Anyin (2–3 million and 1 million speakers) part of a dialect continuum with Akan in Ghana, others such as Attié (or Akyé) (half a million) more divergent. Baoulé is spoken east of Lake Kossou and at the capital Yamoussoukro, and Anyi along the Ghanaian border. In the southwestern quadrant are Kru languages, such as Bete and We (Gure/Wobe), half a million apiece, and Dida (a quarter million), related to the languages of Liberia. In the northwest, along the Guinean border and across to Lake Kossou in the center of the country, are Mande languages, such as Dan (1 million speakers) and Guro (half a million, on the lake). The lake and the river Bandama divide the Kwa east of the country from the Kru and Mande west. Across the center north are various Senufo languages, such as Senari (1 million speakers). In the northeast corner, surrounding Comoé National Park, are a quarter million speakers each of Kulango, the Gur language Lobi, and the Mande language Jula (), which is a lingua franca of neighboring Burkina Faso.
There are also three million or so speakers of immigrant languages, mostly from neighboring countries and above all from Burkina Faso. Ethnic tensions in the north between immigrant and native Ivoirians, as well as between the Mande/Senoufo north and the Kru/Kwa south, were a large factor in the Ivorian civil wars.
Education for the deaf in Ivory Coast uses American Sign Language, introduced by the deaf American missionary Andrew Foster.
References
General
Ethnologue list and map for Ivory Coast
PanAfrican L10n page on Ivory Coast
Linguistic situation in Ivory Coast
Notes
See also
African French
Ivorian culture
Society of Ivory Coast |
5399043 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martian%20language | Martian language | Martian language (), sometimes also called brain-disabled characters (), is the nickname of unconventional representation of Chinese characters online. "Martian" describes that which seems strange to local culture. The term was popularised by a line from the 2001 Hong Kong comedy Shaolin Soccer, in which Sing (Stephen Chow) tells Mui (Zhao Wei): "Go back to Mars. The Earth is so dangerous."
In the 2006 General Scholastic Ability Test of Taiwan, students were asked to interpret symbols and phrases written in "Martian language" based on contexts written in standard language. Controversies which followed forced the testing center to abandon the practice in future exams.
In 2007, Martian language began to catch on in mainland China. The first adopters of Martian language mainly consisted of Post-90s netizens. They use it in their nicknames, short messages, and chat rooms in order to demonstrate personality differences. Later, they found that their teachers and parents could hardly figure out their new language, which quickly became their secret code to communicate with each other. Chinese online bloggers followed up the trend to use Martian language, because they found that their blog posts written in the new language can easily pass Internet censorship engines, which are currently based on text-matching techniques. The Martian language became so popular in cyberspace that software were created to translate between Chinese and Martian language.
General aspects
The Martian language is written from Chinese by means of various substitution methods. Just like in l33t, where the letter "e" is replaced by the number "3", in Martian, standard Chinese characters are replaced with nonstandard ones, or foreign scripts. Each Chinese character may be replaced with:
A character that is a (quasi-)homophone
A character that looks similar, such as one with a shared radical
A character with the same or similar meaning
The character used for substitution can include not only Chinese characters, but also Latin script, Cyrillic, hiragana, bopomofo, katakana, the IPA, other unicode symbols, SMS language, etc. For example, the 星 in 火星文 huoxingwen (星 is literally "star"; 火星 is "Planet Mars") can be replaced by "☆", a Unicode symbol that visually represents an actual star. 的 is commonly replaced with の, as it has the same intended meaning in Japanese. 火 can become 吙 just by adding a 口 radical, which alters very little in terms of sound and visually maintains the 火 image, even though this changes the meaning. In the same principle, 文 wen (language) can be replaced with 魰 by adding a 鱼 fish radical, which makes the character still look similar. Also, 的 is sometimes replaced with "d" due to its sound, as with 比 being replaced with "b"; Cyrillic can be used in a similar manner.
There is not a universal way of encoding standard Chinese to Martian language, though some substitutions are popular and have even leaked into the standard language and the spoken language, such as 河蟹 (lit. river crab) for 和諧 (harmony), 葉佩雯 (lit. leaf jade essay, also having the format of a person's name) for 業配文 (advertisement placement).
Example
Below is one example of the nearly infinite number of possible ways to substitute the Preamble of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Note that this is an extreme example, as it is uncommon to write entire paragraphs in Martian language.
Martian language
鑑於薱朲蘱傢庭葰烠宬員啇懙笙椇婡旳繜嚴忣祺鮃等啇啝bú迻嘚權利ㄖㄅ承認，迺湜卋琾臫凷、㊣礒與龢鮃啇基礎，
鑑玗譵仌權菂憮眡龢衊眎魢導緻埜蠻曓珩，這些曓荇激怒孒仌蘱嘚哴惢，
鑒玗怼ー個亻亽亯絠唁轮啝ィ訁卬垍甴倂浼予恐懼龢匱乏d迣琾魡朌朢，巳陂鍹佈蒍普通秂泯dě樶縞願朢，
鑑玗儰駛亽頛вμ緻廹朩嘚巳鋌侕赱險濧曓政龢壓廹琎荇販頖，絠鉍楆鉂秂權綬琺治d褓鹱。
Traditional Chinese
鑑於對人類家庭所有成員的與生俱來的尊嚴及其平等的和不移的權利的承認，乃是世界自由、正義與和平的基礎，
鑑於對人權的無視和蔑視已導致野蠻暴行，這些暴行激怒了人類的良心，
鑑於對一個人人享有言論和信仰自由並免予恐懼和匱乏的世界的盼望，已被宣佈為普通人民的最高願望，
鑑於為使人類不致迫不得已鋌而走險對暴政和壓迫進行反叛，有必要使人權受法治的保護。
Simplified Chinese
鉴于对人类家庭所有成员的与生俱来的尊严及其平等的和不移的权利的承认，乃是世界自由、正义与和平的基础，
鉴于对人权的无视和蔑视已导致野蛮暴行，这些暴行激怒了人类的良心，
鉴于对一个人人享有言论和信仰自由并免予恐惧和匮乏的世界的盼望，已被宣布为普通人民的最高愿望，
鉴于为使人类不致迫不得已铤而走险对暴政和压迫进行反叛，有必要使人权受法治的保护。
Hanyu Pinyin
Jiànyú duì rénlèi jiātíng suǒyǒu chéngyuán de yǔ shēng jù lái de zūnyán jí qí píngděng de hé bù yí de quánlì de chéngrèn, nǎi shì shìjiè zìyóu, zhèngyì yǔ hépíng de jīchǔ,
Jiànyú duì rénquán de wúshì hé mièshì yǐ dǎozhì yěmán bàoxíng, zhèxiē bàoxíng jīnùle rénlèi de liángxīn,
Jiànyú duì yīgè rén rén xiǎngyǒu yánlùn hé xìnyǎng zìyóu bìng miǎn yǔ kǒngjù hé kuìfá de shìjiè de pànwàng, yǐ bèi xuānbù wèi pǔtōng rénmín de zuìgāo yuànwàng,
Jiànyú wèi shǐ rénlèi bùzhì pòbùdéyǐ dìng'érzǒuxiǎn duì bàozhèng hé yāpò jìnxíng fǎnpàn, yǒu bìyào shǐ rénquán shòu fǎzhì de bǎohù.
English translation
Whereas recognition of the inherent dignity and of the equal and inalienable rights of all members of the human family is the foundation of freedom, justice and peace in the world,
Whereas disregard and contempt for human rights have resulted in barbarous acts which have outraged the conscience of mankind, and the advent of a world in which human beings shall enjoy freedom of speech and belief and freedom from fear and want has been proclaimed as the highest aspiration of the common people,
Whereas it is essential, if man is not to be compelled to have recourse, as a last resort, to rebellion against tyranny and oppression, that human rights should be protected by the rule of law,
Whereas it is essential to promote the development of friendly relations between nations...
See also
Education in the Republic of China
Faux Cyrillic
Gibberish
Gyaru-moji
Heavy metal umlaut
Internet slang
Leet
Mojibake
Orz
References
External links
Martian Script Translator
Internet culture
Chinese characters |
5399044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgil%20C.%20Dechant | Virgil C. Dechant | Virgil C. Dechant (September 24, 1930 – February 15, 2020) was the twelfth Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus, a position he held from January 21, 1977, to September 30, 2000.
Biography
Dechant was born September 24, 1930, in Antonino, Ellis County, Kansas, and lived in Leawood, Kansas. His ancestors were German-Russians from the Mariental region. He and his wife Ann L. Dechant had four children and 12 grandchildren.
Prior to joining the Knights of Columbus in 1967 in the role of Supreme Secretary, Dechant worked as a farmer and a farm equipment salesperson. He also owned a car dealership.
Dechant served as the vice president of the Vatican Bank, a Gentleman of His Holiness, and a Councillor on the State Council for Vatican City.
He had the honor of escorting President George W. Bush to the funeral of Pope John Paul II.
Dechant stepped down as Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus on September 30, 2000, at the age of seventy after serving the longest term ever by a Supreme Knight. He was succeeded by Carl A. Anderson.
Dechant died on February 15, 2020, at the age of 89.
Distinctions
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of Pope Pius IX
Knight Grand Cross of the Order of St. Gregory the Great
Knight of Magistral Grace of the Sovereign Military Order of Malta
Knight of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
Cross of Merit with Gold Star of the Equestrian Order of the Holy Sepulchre of Jerusalem
National Right to Life award along with Senator Jesse Helms (1998)
Gaudium and Spes Medal of the Knights of Columbus
References
1930 births
2020 deaths
People from Ellis County, Kansas
People from Kansas City, Kansas
American bankers
Roman Catholic activists
Papal chamberlains
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of Pope Pius IX
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Gregory the Great
Papal gentlemen
Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus
Knights of the Holy Sepulchre
People from Leawood, Kansas
Catholics from Kansas
American people of German-Russian descent |
5399070 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bread%20and%20salt%20%28disambiguation%29 | Bread and salt (disambiguation) | Bread and salt is a welcoming ceremony in many cultures.
Bread and salt may also refer to:
Leb i sol (translated as "Bread and Salt"), a Macedonian jazz band
Bread and Salt, a 1949 film with Widad Hamdi
Bread and Salt, a 2020 collection of stories by Valerie Miner |
5399074 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20E.%20Swift | John E. Swift | John Edward Swift (1879 – August 19, 1967) was an American judge who served as the ninth Supreme Knight of the Knights of Columbus from October 24, 1945, to August 31, 1953.
Early life
Swift was born in Milford, Massachusetts, in 1879 to Irish immigrants. He received a bachelor's degree from Boston College in 1899 and a law degree from Boston University in 1902. As a lawyer, he worked for Senator David I. Walsh and then with his brother Thomas in private practice.
Career
United States federal work
Swift was a delegate to the Democratic National Conventions in 1916 and 1920 and was admitted to the Supreme Court Bar Association in 1917. On May 17, 1933 he was appointed a Superior Court judge in Massachusetts to succeed Webster Thayer.
Knights of Columbus
Swift joined the Knights of Columbus and was a member of Valencia Council 80 in Milford. He served as grand knight, district deputy, state secretary, and finally was elected State Deputy of Massachusetts on May 10, 1927. He became a Supreme Director in 1927 and then Deputy Supreme Knight in 1939. He was elected Supreme Knight in 1945 and declined renomination in 1953.
A staunch anti-communist, his denunciations of Soviet expansion led the USSR to veto Boston as the home of the United Nations.
As Supreme Knight, he began a nationwide crusade against Communism. President Harry Truman endorsed the effort and mentioned in a letter to Swift that he hoped the entire membership "will join the crusade with zeal and enthusiasm." Truman further stated, "[O]ur goal must be to drive out of our American life every movement which aims to promote within our borders any form of totalitarianism or any subversive movement." Swift also convinced Truman to treat Spain fairly, and the Iberian country awarded him the Grand Cross of the Order of St. Raymond of Peñafort in recognition.
In 1950, after a Special Audience with Pope Pius XII, Swift instituted a fund for the purchase and construction of the last playground in Rome. Primavalle, a newly populated district, was chosen for the site. This playground was named Pius XII and dedicated and blessed by Cardinal Francis Spellman, Archbishop of New York, on June 7, 1952.
Personal life
Swift was named a Massachusetts Superior Court Justice in 1947. His wife Emily died, aged 59, at their home in Milford on November 9, 1947, from a coronary thrombosis following a long illness. Swift died at his summer home in Osterville, Massachusetts, on August 19, 1967.
Awards and honors
Swift was the recipient of three honorary degrees, the 1953 Catholic Action Medal, and the 1961 Lantern Award. Pope Pius XII gave him at least three honors, including Order of Cape and Sword, which was reaffirmed by Popes John XXIII and Paul VI.
References
External links
Website of the Knights of Columbus
New York Times, Mrs. John E. Swift Obituary, November 10, 1947, page 29.
American judges
American Roman Catholics
Lawyers from Boston
Roman Catholic activists
Place of birth missing
American anti-communists
1879 births
1967 deaths
Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus
Deputy Supreme Knights of the Knights of Columbus |
5399079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibara%20%28video%20game%29 | Ibara (video game) | is a 2005 vertically scrolling shooter developed by Japanese developer Cave and published by Taito. It was ported to the PlayStation 2 in 2006.
Gameplay
Ibara is very similar to 8ing/Raizing's Battle Garegga and Battle Bakraid games. So much so that Ibara could be considered a pseudo-sequel or, at least, a spiritual successor. The similarities are numerous - some are subtle, some are easily spotted. These include combining archaic technology such as biplanes with more advanced machinery; firing and a power-up system; and a medal collecting system which drastically increases scoring. The game features a similar method of earning bombs and a delay when launching them as well. Some of the enemies and their attack patterns are very familiar such as the large cranes in stage 1 and the minigun-wielding first boss. The enemy's explosions spiral around when destroying some of the heavier weapons/scenery and thin, while seemingly camouflaged enemy bullets are scattered around the play area in comparable patterns. More subtle references include the HUD layout which lists the name of the current stage at the top of the screen and, when starting a stage, tells users the title of the background music that is playing.
A notable feature of Ibara is the inclusion of a variable, real-time difficulty system by way of the Rank system. The player's rank increases as they acquire more items and cause more damage, increasing the difficulty of the game along with it. The number of enemies does not increase but the number of bullets fired towards the user does, often reaching a ridiculous level of bullet density. There are ways of lowering this rank system if the odds appear too much. The only known way of decreasing the player's Rank in Ibara is to die. The more lives you have, the less the rank decreases when you die. In the later version, Ibara Kuro: Black Label, Rank can be decreased by cancelling bullets with a bomb, however Rank also increases much faster in this version, potentially increasing from minimum to maximum in a matter of seconds.
Plot
In the delecate realm of Keritona, 10 ladies are built by an ancient doctor.
Development
Programmer Shinobu Yagawa previously worked on the games Recca, and Battle Garegga.
Release
The game was released in arcades on July 15, 2005, and it was released on the PlayStation 2 on February 23, 2006.
To remedy some of the concerns fans had with the original version of the game, Cave released an updated version in limited distribution called Ibara Kuro: Black Label. It was released on February 10, 2006. The update contains many additions, some of which appeared earlier in the released PlayStation 2 port in the form of Arrange Mode.
A sequel, Pink Sweets: Ibara Sorekara, was released in the arcades on April 21, 2006.
Reception
Weekly Famitsu magazine awarded the PlayStation 2 version of Ibara a score of 26/40 based on four reviews (7/7/6/6).
References
External links
Official websites for Arcade and versions
2005 video games
Arcade video games
Cave (company) games
Cooperative video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Multiplayer and single-player video games
PlayStation 2 games
Steampunk video games
Vertically scrolling shooters
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Shinji Hosoe |
4003619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IIFA%20Award%20for%20Best%20Supporting%20Actor | IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor | The IIFA Award for Best Supporting Actor recognizes a male actor who has delivered an outstanding performance in a supporting role. The award is chosen by the viewers and the winner is announced at the ceremony. Saif Ali Khan, Arjun Rampal, Anil Kapoor and Abhishek Bachchan are leading with 2 wins.
Superlatives
List of winners
† - indicates the performance also won the Filmfare Award‡ - indicates the performance was also nominated for the Filmfare Award
2000s
2000 Anil Kapoor – Taal as Vikrant Kapoor †
2001 Amitabh Bachchan – Mohabbatein as Narayan Shankar †
Anupam Kher – Kya Kehna as Gulshan Baxi
Chandrachur Singh – Josh as Rahul
Paresh Rawal – Har Dil Jo Pyar Karega as Goverdhan
Sunil Shetty – Refugee as Ranger Mohammad Ashraf ‡
2002 Saif Ali Khan – Dil Chahta Hai as Sameer
Akshaye Khanna – Dil Chahta Hai as Siddharth Sinha †
Amitabh Bachchan – Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... as Yashvardhan Raichand ‡
Hrithik Roshan – Kabhi Khushi Kabhie Gham... as Rohan Raichand ‡
Kulbhushan Kharbanda – Lagaan: Once Upon a Time in India as Rajah Puran Singh
2003 Mohanlal – Company as Srinivasan ‡
Ashutosh Rana – Raaz as Agni Swaroop
Dilip Prabhavalkar – Encounter: The Killing as Ponappa Awadhe
Jackie Shroff – Devdas as Chunnilal ‡
Sushant Singh – The Legend of Bhagat Singh as Sukhdev
2004 Saif Ali Khan – Kal Ho Naa Ho as Rohit Patel †
Arshad Warsi – Munna Bhai M.B.B.S. as Sarkeshwar (Circuit) ‡
Ashutosh Rana – LOC Kargil as Yogender Singh, 18 Grenadiers
Sunil Shetty – Qayamat: City Under Threat as Akram Sheikh
Yash Tonk – Janasheen as Max Pereira
2005 Abhishek Bachchan – Yuva as Lallan Singh †
Amitabh Bachchan – Veer-Zaara as Choudhary Sumer Singh‡
Pankaj Kapur – Maqbool as Jahangir Khan (Abbaji)
Paresh Rawal – Aitraaz as Advocate Patel
Zayed Khan – Main Hoon Na as Lakshman Prasad Sharma a.k.a. Lucky ‡
2006 Abhishek Bachchan – Sarkar as Shankar Nagre †
Amitabh Bachchan – Bunty Aur Babli as Dashrath Singh ‡
John Abraham – Garam Masala as Shyam "Sam"
Naseeruddin Shah – Iqbal as Mohit ‡
Sanjay Dutt – Parineeta as Girish ‡
2007 Arshad Warsi – Lage Raho Munna Bhai as Circuit (Sarkeshwar)
Amitabh Bachchan – Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna as Samarjit 'Sam' Talwar ‡
Abhishek Bachchan – Kabhi Alvida Naa Kehna as Rishi Talwar †
Atul Kulkarni – Rang De Basanti as Laxman Pandey / Ramprasad Bismil
Kunal Kapoor – Rang De Basanti as Aslam / Ashfaqullah Khan ‡
2008 Irrfan Khan – Life in a... Metro as Monty †
Anil Kapoor – Welcome as Sagar Pandey (Majnu) ‡
Govinda – Partner as Bhaskar Devkar Chaudhary
Mithun Chakraborty – Guru as Manik Dasgupta ‡
Rajat Kapoor – Bheja Fry as Ranjeet Thadani
2009 Arjun Rampal – Rock On!! as Joe Mascarenhas †
Abhishek Bachchan – Sarkar Raj as Shankar Nagare ‡
Irrfan Khan – Mumbai Meri Jaan as Thomas
Sonu Sood – Jodhaa Akbar as Rajkumar Sujamal ‡
Vinay Pathak – Rab Ne Bana Di Jodi as Balwinder "Bobby" Khosla ‡
2010s
2010 Sharman Joshi – 3 Idiots as Raju Rastogi ‡
Abhimanyu Singh – Gulaal as Rananjay Singh "Ransa"
Abhishek Bachchan – Paa as Amol Arte
Irrfan Khan – New York as Roshan
R. Madhavan – 3 Idiots as Farhan Qureshi ‡
Rishi Kapoor – Love Aaj Kal as Veer Singh
2011 Arjun Rampal – Raajneeti as Prithviraj Pratap ‡
Arshad Warsi – Ishqiya as Razzak Hussain ‡
Emraan Hashmi – Once Upon a Time in Mumbaai as Shoaib Khan ‡
Manoj Bajpayee – Raajneeti as Virendra Pratap ‡
Mithun Chakraborty – Golmaal 3 as Pritam
2012 Farhan Akhtar – Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara as Imran †
Abhay Deol – Zindagi Na Milegi Dobara as Kabir ‡
Emraan Hashmi – The Dirty Picture as Abraham
Naseeruddin Shah – The Dirty Picture as Suryakant ‡
Randeep Hooda – Saheb, Biwi Aur Gangster as Lalit/Babloo
2013 Annu Kapoor – Vicky Donor as Dr. Baldev Chaddha †
Akshay Kumar – OMG – Oh My God! as Krishna Vasudev Yadav ‡
Mithun Chakraborty – OMG – Oh My God! as Leeladhar Swamy
Nawazuddin Siddiqui – Gangs of Wasseypur – Part 1 as Faizal Khan
Nawazuddin Siddiqui – Talaash: The Answer Lies Within as Taimur ‡
Saurabh Shukla – Barfi! as Sudhanshu Dutta
2014 Aditya Roy Kapur – Yeh Jawaani Hai Deewani as Avinash "Avi" Arora ‡
Anupam Kher – Special 26 as P.K. Sharma ‡
Nawazuddin Siddiqui – The Lunchbox as Shaikh †
Pawan Malhotra – Bhaag Milkha Bhaag as Hawaldar (Constable) Gurudev Singh
Saurabh Shukla – Jolly LLB as Justice Tripathi
2015 Riteish Deshmukh – Ek Villain as Rakesh Mahadkar ‡
Inaamulhaq – Filmistaan as Aftab
Kay Kay Menon – Haider as Khurram Meer †
Naseeruddin Shah - Finding Fanny as Ferdinand "Ferdie" Pinto
Randeep Hooda – Kick as Himanshu Tyagi
Ronit Roy – 2 States as Vikram Malhotra (Krish's father) ‡
2016 Anil Kapoor - Dil Dhadakne Do as Kamal Mehra †
Deepak Dobriyal – Tanu Weds Manu Returns as Pappi ‡
Farhan Akhtar – Dil Dhadakne Do as Sunny Gill
Irrfan Khan – Piku as Rana Chaudhary
Nawazuddin Siddiqui - Bajrangi Bhaijaan as Chand Nawab
2017 Anupam Kher - M.S. Dhoni: The Untold Story as Pan Singh
Amitabh Bachchan - Wazir as Pandit Omkar Nath Dar
Rajat Kapoor - Kapoor & Sons as Harsh Kapoor ‡
Rajkummar Rao - Aligarh as Deepu Sebastian ‡
Rishi Kapoor - Kapoor & Sons as Amarjeet Kapoor †
2018 Nawazuddin Siddiqui - Mom as Daya Shankar "DK" Kapoor ‡
Deepak Dobriyal - Hindi Medium as Shyamprakash Kori ‡
Pankaj Tripathi - Newton as Assistant Commandant Aatma Singh ‡
Rajkummar Rao - Bareilly Ki Barfi as Pritam Vidrohi †
Vijay Maurya - Tumhari Sulu as Pankaj Rai Baaghi
2019 Vicky Kaushal - Sanju as Kamlesh Kanhaiyalal Kapasi †
Anil Kapoor - Race 3 as Shamsher Singh
Jim Sarbh - Padmaavat as Malik Kafur ‡
Manoj Pahwa - Mulk as Bilaal Ali Mohammed ‡
Pankaj Tripathi - Stree as Rudra ‡
2020s
2022 Pankaj Tripathi – Ludo as Satyendra "Sattu Bhaiya" Tripathi
Jiiva – 83 as Krishnamachari Srikkanth
Kumud Mishra – Thappad as Sachin Sandhu
Pankaj Tripathi – 83 as PR Man Singh
Saif Ali Khan – Tanhaji as Udaybhan Singh Rathore
See also
IIFA Awards
Bollywood
Cinema of India
References
External links
2007 Awards
International Indian Film Academy Awards |
4003621 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aloysius%20Gottifredi | Aloysius Gottifredi | Aloysius (Alessandro Luigi) Gottifredi (3 May 1595 – 12 March 1652) was an Italian Jesuit, elected the ninth Superior-General of the Society of Jesus. He was in office less than two months.
Father Gottifredi died at the house of the professed Fathers, Rome, within two months of his election, and before the Fathers assembled in General Congregation for the election had concluded their labour. This makes of General Congregation X the only one to have elected two Superiors General, as the same group of Electors proceeded, after the death of Gottifredi, to elect his successor, Goswin Nickel.
Gottifredi had been a professor of Theology and Rector of the Roman College, and later secretary of the Society under Father Mutius Vitelleschi.
References
1595 births
1652 deaths
Superiors General of the Society of Jesus
17th-century Italian Jesuits |
5399083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pakistan%20Agricultural%20Research%20Council | Pakistan Agricultural Research Council | The Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) () is based in Islamabad, Pakistan.
Mission and achievements
It works in collaboration with Ministry of National Food Security and Research which is headed by a Federal Minister, Syed Fakhar Imam who is heading the ministry since April 2020. It is an apex agricultural research organization at the national level. Its main objective is to strengthen Pakistan's agricultural research system, comprising the federal and provincial components.
In 2019, Pakistan was able to produce 20 new high-yielding, disease resistant and climate change-resilient wheat and maize (also called corn) varieties. This was achieved mainly due to the partnership between the International Maize and Wheat Improvement Center and the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC). USAID, the US development agency also supported this project.
Recent events
In October 2019, World Food Day was observed at an event at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) in Islamabad. This event was organized by the United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization, Pakistan's Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) and the World Food Programme (WFP). The theme for 2019 was – 'Our actions are our future: healthy diets for a zero hunger world'.
Divisions
It has seven major research division in conducting research according to the agro-ecological needs of the regions.
National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad
Southern Zone Agricultural Research Centre (SARC), Karachi
Arid Zone Research Centre (AZRC), Quetta
National Tea Research Institute (NTRI), Mansehra
Sugar Crops Research Institute (SRI), Thatta
Himalayan Agricultural Research Institute (HARI), Kaghan
Mountain Agricultural Research Center (MARC), Juglote sai, Gilgit
See also
Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission
International Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology
National Institute for Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering
References
External links
Pakistan Agricultural Research Council/ PARC Pakistan - official website
1988 establishments in Pakistan
Science and technology in Pakistan
Pakistan federal departments and agencies |
4003634 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%2019%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | March 19 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | March 18 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 20
All fixed commemorations below are observed on April 1 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For March 19th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on March 6.
Saints
Martyrs Chrysanthus and Daria, and those with them in Rome (283):
Claudius the Tribune, his wife Hilaria, their sons Jason and Maurus, the priest Diodorus, and the deacon Marianus.
Martyr Pancharius at Nicomedia (302)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saints Quintus, Quintilla, Quartilla, Mark and Companions, martyrs venerated in Sorrento near Naples in Italy.
Saints Apollonius and Leontius (Leontinus), by tradition early Bishops of Braga in Portugal (4th century)
Saint Auxilius, a companion of St Patrick, became Bishop of Killossey (near Naas, County Kildare) in Ireland (c. 460)
Saint John the Syrian of Pinna, a Syrian monk who settled in Pinna near Spoleto in Italy, became abbot of a large monastic colony there for forty-four years (6th century).
Saint Leontius of Saintes, Bishop of Saintes (640)
Saints Landoald and Amantius, a priest and deacon who helped enlighten what is now Belgium and north-eastern France, founded the church at Wintershoven (c. 668)
Saint Adrian, disciple of St Landoald, murdered while begging alms for his monastery near Maastricht in the Netherlands (c. 668)
Saint Lactan, born near Cork in Ireland, St Comgall entrusted him to found a monastery at Achadh-Ur, now Freshford, in Kilkenny (672)
Saint Alcmund (Alchmund of Derby, or of Lilleshall), martyred in Shropshire (c. 800)
Saint Gemus, a monk, probably at Moyenmoutier in Alsace, now in France, his relics were enshrined at Hürbach.
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Righteous Mary (Maria Shvarnovna), wife of Vsevelod III (1206)
Saint Bassa, nun, of the Pskov-Caves Monastery (1473)
Venerable Innocent of Komel the Wonderworker, in Vologda (1521), disciple of St. Nilus of Sora.
New Martyr Demetrius, at Constantinople (1564)
Saint Sophia of Slutsk and Minsk, descendant of the Sovereigns of the Kyivan-Rus' (1612)
New Martyr Nicholas Karamanos of Smyrna (1657)
Saint Symeon (Popovic), Archimandrite of Dajbabe Monastery, Montenegro (1941)
New martyrs and confessors
Saint John Blinov, Confessor (1932)
New Martyr Matrona Alexeeva (1938)
Other commemorations
Smolensk "Umileniye" ("Tender Feeling") Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos.
Icon of the Mother of God of Lubyatov (15th century)
Gallery
Notes
References
Sources
March 19/April 1. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
April 1 / March 19. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
March 19. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). pp. 22-23.
March 19. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 124-125.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 80-81.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 19 ΜΑΡΤΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
Συναξαριστής. 19 Μαρτίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
Russian Sources
1 апреля (19 марта). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
19 марта (ст.ст.) 1 апреля 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
March in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
4003640 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%20Howard%20Perkins | Lloyd Howard Perkins | Lloyd Howard Perkins (October 6, 1923 – September 4, 1999) was the first deaf Bishop in the history of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints.
Biography
He was born in Ogden, Utah, to James Emery Perkins and Lila Luella Bess Perkins. He served as a Stake Missionary in Scottsdale, Arizona, and held many positions in the Church. He served on the High Council in the Salt Lake Park Stake. In his later years, despite poor health, he completed a mission with his wife in the Norway Oslo Mission. He lost his ability to hear due to spinal meningitis. He married Vynola Dean Kernell on June 6, 1946, and later divorced. He married Madelaine Peterson Burton on December 27, 1976.
He did more than serve as the first deaf Bishop for the first deaf ward in the history of the LDS Church. He gave credence to a Utah subculture. "Having their own ward meant that deaf people were able to be recognized as having their own language," said Perkins' son.
Public life
He influenced the passage of the Americans with Disabilities Act. He served on the Governor's Committee to educate others about the act and to fight for total communication teaching in Utah's schools.
"In the 1960s, there was a big fight between all those educators who wanted only lip-reading taught in schools-no sign language. He believed they should teach total communication, or both sign language and lip reading. He led the fight for it," Kerry Perkins said
In 1975, Perkins donated a Teletype machine to the Salt Lake Police Department. It enabled deaf families with a similar unit to call the department when they needed help.
References
External links
Mormon News obituary
https://web.archive.org/web/20061025110413/http://www.state.nj.us/humanservices/ddhh/Publications/OctMC06.pdf
1923 births
1999 deaths
Deaf religious workers
American leaders of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
People from Ogden, Utah
Deaf people from the United States
Latter Day Saints from Utah
Latter Day Saints from Arizona |
4003642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminati%20in%20popular%20culture | Illuminati in popular culture | Founded by Adam Weishaupt in Bavaria in 1776, the Illuminati have been referred to in popular culture, in books and comics, television and films, and games. A number of novelists, playwrights and composers are alleged to have been Illuminati members and to have reflected this in their work. Early conspiracy theories surrounding the Illuminati have inspired various creative works, and continue to do so.
Books and comics
Gothic literature had a particular interest in the theme of the Illuminati. The Cambridge Companion to Gothic Fiction states that readers had a "scandalous vogue for German tales of the Illuminati." The Illuminati have a role in Horrid Mysteries, as in Montague Summers' introduction to a later reprint of it. The Illuminati also turn up in two spoofs of the gothic genre, which both also reference Horrid Mysteries, Northanger Abbey by Jane Austen and Nightmare Abbey by Thomas Love Peacock.
A number of writers have pointed out Mary Shelley's familiarity with the early anti-Illuminati text, Memoirs Illustrating the History of Jacobinism (1797–98), due to Percy Bysshe Shelley's enthusiasm for it. They describe the Memoirs influence in Frankenstein, and point to Frankenstein's monster as an amalgam of Shelley's Illuminati-influenced ideas as well as of the Illuminati itself, with the monster being created in Ingolstadt, where the Illuminati had been formed.
The Illuminatus! Trilogy by Robert Shea and Robert Anton Wilson is a three-book science fiction series published in the 1970s, which is regarded as a cult classic particularly in the hacker community. An incomplete comic book version of the Illuminatus! was produced and published by Eye-n-Apple Productions and Rip Off Press between 1987 and 1991. A nine-hour theatrical adaptation was produced by Ken Campbell.
Robert Anton Wilson also published Cosmic Trigger I: The Final Secret of the Illuminati in 1977, The Illuminati Papers in 1980, Masks of the Illuminati in 1981, and The Historical Illuminatus Chronicles in the 1980s and 1991.
Umberto Eco's Foucault's Pendulum is a labyrinthine 1988 novel about all sorts of secret societies, including the Illuminati and the Rosicrucians.
Fallen Angels by Bernard Cornwell (under the pseudonym Susannah Kells) (1984). A love story set in the shadow of the Paris revolutionary guillotine and the grounds of Lazender Castle in England. The Illuminati plot to bring revolution to England is a central thread.
Angels & Demons (German title: Illuminati), Dan Brown's 2000 precursor to 2003's The Da Vinci Code, is about an apparent Illuminati order plot to destroy its enemy the Catholic Church by using antimatter to blow up the Vatican while Papal elections are being held. In this novel the Illuminati movement was founded by Galileo Galilei, and others, as an enlightened reaction to persecution by the Catholic Church. They were initially based in Italy, but fled after four key members were executed by the Vatican. Apparently there are four churches to them in Rome, each representing one of the four elements. In fact, the Illuminati are indeed defunct and the events of the book are orchestrated as part of an elaborate scheme by its central antagonist. This is also the plot of the film of the same name. Simon Cox, writer of Cracking the Davinci Code, also wrote the book Illuminating Angels and Demons, in which he explains the facts behind the pagan signs and secret societies in Angels & Demons.
In Michael Romkey's vampire novels, the Illuminati are an order of benevolent vampires, consisting of many famous figures throughout history (Beethoven, Mozart, etc.). The main character, David Parker, joins the order, but later leaves.
In Larry Burkett's book The Illuminati, "The Society" seeks world power.
In War and Peace by Leo Tolstoy, Count Pierre Bezukhov, a Freemason, is accused of attempting to introduce the ideals of Illuminism to his lodge.
In Kazue Kato's manga Blue Exorcist, the Illuminati are a secret organization that oppose the True Cross Order (an organization of exorcists that specializes in killing demons) and, by extension, the Vatican itself, which controls the Order. Their goal is to merge the world of humans and world of demons so that Satan, the king of all demons, can rule over the new world order.
The Illuminati are a fictional group of superheroes appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The characters joined forces and secretly work behind the scenes. The Illuminati was established to exist (via story retcon) in their first published appearance in New Avengers #7 (July 2005), written by Brian Michael Bendis. Their history was discussed in the special New Avengers: Illuminati (May 2006). The group was revealed to have been formed very shortly after the Kree-Skrull War.
Phillip Jose Farmer in his books Tarzan Alive (1972) and Doc Savage: His Apocalyptic Life (1973) and The Other Log of Phileas Fogg (1973) linked the fictional characters to various Illuminati, plots and conspiracy theories.
Television and film
In Simon West's 2001 film Lara Croft: Tomb Raider, a group of high-society villains call themselves Illuminati, developing a plan to rule the world. Along with Lara Croft's father, they claim that the Illuminati have existed for four millennia for this purpose.
In Prithviraj Sukumaran's 2019 Malayalam film Lucifer, written by Murali Gopy the character played by Mohanlal is said to be a member of the Illuminati. Many signs and symbols of the Illuminati is used throughout the film.
Games
Several games from Steve Jackson Games are based on the Mythos: the card game Illuminati and its trading card game reincarnation Illuminati: New World Order, and the role-playing game GURPS Illuminati.
In the MMORPG The Secret World, the Illuminati is one of the three playable factions.
In the Street Fighter video game series, the Illuminati (also called the Secret Society) is a shady organisation led by Gill, who wishes to find a utopia for all humans. They are most prominent in the Street Fighter III games as a crime organisation similar to Shadaloo.
The Illuminati frequently appears in the cyberpunk Role-playing video game Deus Ex game series as a major faction.
In the first Deus Ex, the Illuminati was almost destroyed in an inside coup by their own research division Majestic 12. The events of the game are part of a power struggle between the Illuminati, Majestic-12 and other factions attempting to secretly take over the world.
In Deus Ex: Invisible War, the Illuminati was successfully revived after "the Collapse", an event which saw the destruction of the world telecommunication infrastructures. The Illuminati created and secretly controls two competing factions that rose in the post-collapse world: the hyper-capitalist World Trade Organization and a transdenominational church called "The Order Church", in order to better control society through social division.
In Deus Ex: Human Revolution, the protagonist Adam Jensen discovers the Illumanati were behind many of the game's events, attempting to control the spread of "augmentations", advanced artificial organs capable of greatly improving and enhancing the human body's performance.
Music
Many fans of modern African-American music, especially hip hop music, believe that an Illuminati conspiracy is active in its production and marketing. The methods and motives of the conspiracy, and its relation to the Bavarian order, are matters of speculation that change with each telling. Some artists, such as Jay-Z and Kanye West, are believed to be agents of the conspiracy who leave hints to their listeners through lyrics, eye of providence handsigns or other signals. Conspiracy literature involving the Illuminati has been cited in the lyrics of several hip hop artists. Milton William Cooper's Behold a Pale Horse is one such work that both Nas and Public Enemy have made reference to. Other such conspiracy books circulate in African-American communities, where both artists and listeners encounter them. Aside from this, the "Illuminati" are invoked to explain why some artists become rich and famous, some die suddenly, and others go unnoticed.
See also
Conspiracy theories
References
Popular culture
Conspiracy theories in popular culture
Secret societies in popular culture |
5399090 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York%20Revolution | York Revolution | The York Revolution is an American professional baseball team based in York, Pennsylvania. It is a member of the North Division of the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball, an independent "partner league" of Major League Baseball. The Revolution has played its home games at PeoplesBank Park, located in the Arch Street neighborhood, since 2007. The team has won the league championship three times, most recently over the Long Island Ducks on September 29, 2017.
Before the Revolution's inaugural season, baseball fans in York had waited 38 years for the return of the sport since the York White Roses folded after the 1969 season. In 2006, Yorkers chose the name "Revolution" in a team-sponsored fan ballot. The name originally referred to the city's colonial heritage, especially because the Continental Congress passed the Articles of Confederation in York during the Revolutionary War. At the time of the American Revolution, York was one of the first capitals of the United States. In 2012, the Revolution unveiled a new brand to emphasize York's more recent contributions to the Industrial Revolution with a secondary emphasis on patriotism. The region is home to industrial manufacturers such as Harley-Davidson, Stauffer's, and York International/Johnson Controls. Many Yorkers also see the Revolution name as a symbol of the city's renaissance efforts.
History of York baseball
York White Roses
The York White Roses, also known as the York Pirates in their last two seasons of existence, played from 1884 to 1969. The White Roses were bitter rivals of the Red Roses of the nearby city of Lancaster. Both teams were named after the two factions of England's historic Wars of the Roses.
Revolution
York tried for ten years to bring professional baseball back to the city. The process looked promising in 2003, until politics halted the project. The new baseball stadium was to be located at Small Athletic Field, on York City School District property, but the district's board voted negatively as they did not believe the ballpark would be the best use of district money and land. For three years, political and financial discussions continued to delay the project. A new site for the stadium was agreed upon in the Arch Street neighborhood, with all of the pieces falling into place. Other sites that were considered but did not come to fruition were Hoffman Field and the Ohio Blenders of PA, Inc.
In April 2006, the Atlantic League of Professional Baseball formally announced an expansion team for the city of York. One of the prominent members of the team's ownership group is Brooks Robinson, who played with the York White Roses and later with the Baltimore Orioles from 1955 to 1977. A statue of Robinson was erected in the area outside the stadium entrance and called Brooks Robinson Plaza in his honor.
The Revolution's inaugural season saw the team finish third in the South Division with a record of 58–68. Their fortunes changed quickly, however, with 2008 bringing a first-place finish in the newly named Freedom Division and the franchise's first trip to the playoffs. The Revs were ousted early in the 2008 playoffs, but were back in 2010 when they won the Atlantic League championship, the first professional baseball title the city had won since the 1969 York Pirates of the Eastern League. The Revs took home the trophy again in 2011, winning back-to-back championships and becoming just the second team in league history to accomplish the feat. They returned to the playoffs for a third straight season in 2012, but lost in the opening round.
In the 2009 preseason, the Revolution joined the two other Atlantic League teams in holding their spring training at home instead of the traditional site in Lakeland, Florida. The respective ownership groups of the three teams came to this decision so as to cut costs, citing the 2008 economic recession.
On March 24, 2014, the Revolution became the first professional baseball team to accept Bitcoins as a form of payment for ticket purchases.
All-Star Games
The Revolution hosted the 2011 Atlantic League All-Star Game at PeoplesBank Park on July 14, 2011. They had seven players named to the All-Star team in addition to manager Andy Etchenbarren, who skippered the Freedom Division. In front of a sellout crowd, two of those Revolution players, Corey Thurman and Val Majewski, helped to lead the Freedom Division to a 7–0 shutout over the Liberty Division. Thurman started the game, throwing two shutout innings and Majewski hit a solo homerun over the right field wall to start the scoring. Michael Hernandez of the Somerset Patriots ended up taking home the game's MVP award with a solo blast of his own and an RBI triple in the seventh inning. Prior to the game, Val Majewski participated in the homerun derby and was a member of the winning team. The first pitch of the All-Star Game was thrown out by former Dover High School football player and then Green Bay Packer John Kuhn.
The Revolution again hosted the Atlantic League All-Star Game at PeoplesBank Park in July 2019.
Logos and uniforms
From 2007 to 2010, the York Revolution's colors were navy blue, red, white, brass, and silver. The original brand focused exclusively on symbols such as the United States flag and the bald eagle. The team re-branded for the 2011 season to the look used today.
The current team colors of the York Revolution are navy blue, yellow, white, and silver. The "Revolution" wordmark is colored white in an industrial script centered on a navy blue background. The word "York" is featured above in white with a baseball standing in for the letter "O". The entire wordmark is outlined in silver. Centered above the wordmark is a bald eagle holding a baseball bat.
The York Revolution wear caps produced by OC Sports and uniforms by New Balance. The caps are navy blue throughout with a stylized white "Y" topped with an eagle's head clutching a baseball. The entire cap logo is outlined in silver. The Revolution wordmark is centered on the back, lower edge of the cap. There is also an all yellow hat featuring the York "Y" being grasped by an eagle talon.
The home jerseys are white with navy blue and yellow paneling down the sides. They feature a navy blue cursive serif wordmark with a yellow outline that pays tribute to the Baltimore Orioles' script. The away jersey is gray with navy blue and yellow paneling down the sides. Across the chest is the cursive "York" wordmark in navy blue outlined in yellow with a traditional underscore. The team also sports a third alternate jersey, which has changed numerous times over the years.
Season-by-season records
Tradition
War of the Roses
Philanthropy
In 2013, the team started the York Revolution Community Fund through the York County Community Foundation. The team raises funds through jersey auctions, memorabilia sales, 50/50 raffles, and the sale of other items like the Revs Kitchen cookbook, which sees Revolution players, coaches, and staff sharing their favorite recipes. The money raised by the fund is then given back to the community in the form of grants to local non-profit groups who provide services directly to York County.
The Revolution benefit the Big Brothers Big Sisters youth mentoring organization annually by wearing purple jerseys that are auctioned off immediately following the Purple Jersey Night game. Additionally, the team also partnered with Columbia Gas to donate $50 to the York Red Cross for each run scored by a Revolution player.
Radio
The official broadcast home of the York Revolution is WOYK 1350 AM, with Darrell Henry as the "Voice of the Revolution". Prior to the 2010 season, games were heard on WSBA 910 AM.
Television
While Revolution games are not broadcast via a traditional television network, each game was streamed live via a "York Revs TV" YouTube Channel through 2018, and beginning in 2019 via the WOYK YouTube channel.
On-field entertainment
Mascots
The York Revolution's official mascot is an anthropomorphic, blue creature named DownTown. He wears the team's home jersey, the primary cap worn backwards, with blue and white sneakers. DownTown debuted on March 31, 2007, at the Mascot: The Musical production at the DreamWrights Theater. His full name is DownTown Yorkie, and is the result of a sponsorship deal with Downtown Inc, a partnership of community-minded companies that work to improve and celebrate downtown York. Downtown wears a jersey with the number "00". The mascot was designed by the Raymond Entertainment Group, which also produced the Phillie Phanatic's costume.
DownTown has a cousin named SmallTown, who will occasionally turn up at games. He debuted in 2009 and wears the number "". A kid wears the costume and follows DownTown for a day.
The Revolution also host a character named Cannonball Charlie, who fires a cannon after each home run or home game victory by the team. He wears the uniform of a period Continental Army soldier.
Single season records
Offensive
Hits: 172.....James Shanks, 2010
Doubles: 38.....Andres Perez, 2013
Triples: 17.....Eric Patterson, 2014
Homeruns: 34.....Chris Nowak, 2012
RBIs: 107.....Chris Nowak, 2012
Walks: 84.....Scott Grimes, 2010
Stolen bases: 55.....Wilson Valdez, 2014
Pitching
Wins: 15.....Chris Cody, 2013
Strikeouts: 139.....Chris Cody, 2013
Saves: 35.....Mike DeMark, 2016
Atlantic League All-Stars
The following players were named to the Atlantic League All-Star team in each particular season. An asterisk (*) indicates the player participated in the home run derby.
2007
Chris Cooper (LHP)
Matt Dryer (INF)
Nate Espy* (INF)
Chris Steinborn (LHP)
Luis Taveras (C)
2008
Sandy Aracena (C)
Jason Aspito (OF)
Nick McCurdy (RHP)
Jason Olson (RHP)
2009
Tom Collaro (DH)
Keoni DeRenne (INF)
Chris Hoiles (MGR)
Jason Kershner (LHP)
Corey Thurman (RHP)
2010
Ian Bladergroen* (1B)
Ramon Castro (SS)
Scott Grimes (CF)
Derell McCall (RHP)
John Pachot (C)
Jesus Sanchez (LHP)
James Shanks (LF)
2011
Matt DeSalvo (RHP)
Andy Etchenbarren (MGR)
Eric Eymann (SS)
Vince Harrison (3B)
Val Majewski* (CF)
Octavio Martinez (C)
James Shanks (LF)
Corey Thurman (RHP)
2012
Andy Etchenbarren (MGR)
Brandon Haveman (CF)
Michael Hernandez (DH)
Andrew Perez (2B)
Adam Thomas (RHP)
Corey Thurman (RHP)
2013
Chris Cody (LHP)
Salvador Paniagua (C)
Eric Patterson (SS)
Andres Perez (2B)
Michael Wuertz (RHP)
2014
Rommie Lewis (LHP)
Johan Limonta (INF/OF)
Eric Patterson (2B)
Wilson Valdez (SS)
2015
Brandon Boggs (OF)
Luis De La Cruz (C)
Stephen Penney (RHP)
Andres Perez (INF)
Bryan Pounds (INF)
Logan Williamson (LHP)
2016
Mike DeMark (P)
Ricardo Gomez (P)
Joel Guzman (DH)
Andres Perez (INF)
Travis Witherspoon (OF)
2017
Brad Allen (RHP)
Michael Burgess (INF)
Alonzo Harris (OF)
Chase Huchingson (LHP)
Isaias Tejeda (C)
Travis Witherspoon (OF)
2018
Mitch Atkins (RHP)
Robert Carson (LHP)
Welington Dotel (OF)
Jared Mitchell (OF)
Grant Sides (RHP)
2019
Mitch Atkins (RHP)
Henry Castillo (OF)
Ryan Dent (INF)
Welington Dotel (OF)
Jameson McGrane (RHP)
Telvin Nash (INF)
James Skelton (C)
Isaias Tejeda (OF)
2020
Season canceled due to the COVID-19 pandemic
Atlantic League/national awards
Player of the Year
Scott Grimes, 2010 (co)
Manager of the Year
Andy Etchenbarren, 2011
Mark Mason, 2014
Baseball America All-Independent Team
Scott Grimes (OF), 2010
Chris Nowak (DH), 2011
Ramon Castro (2B), 2011
Chris Nowak (1B), 2012
Andres Perez (2B), 2012
Notable alumni
These are some of the notable players who made it to the majors after playing in York. The years in parentheses indicate when they were with the Revs.
Tike Redman (2007)
Scott Rice (2011)
Ian Thomas (2012)
Retired numbers
5 – Brooks Robinson
Robinson began his professional baseball career in York, playing 95 games for the White Roses in 1955. He had a successful 23-year career in MLB, all spent with the Baltimore Orioles. He was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1983 and is a member of the Revolution's ownership group.
8 – Andy Etchebarren
"Etch" spent 15 years in MLB, 12 of them with the Baltimore Orioles. He managed the Revolution for four seasons (2009–2012), compiling 237 wins and guiding the team to three straight playoff appearances, including back-to-back Atlantic League championships. He retired from baseball at the end of the 2012 season.
35 – Corey Thurman
Thurman spent eight seasons in the Atlantic League, all with the Revolution. He is the franchise's all-time leader in wins (66), strikeouts (667), and innings pitched () while ranking second in Atlantic League history in the same categories. He was a three-time All-Star and two-time Atlantic League champion.
42 – Jackie Robinson
Robinson was the first African-American to play in MLB when he started for the Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947. He spent his entire 10-year career in Brooklyn and was inducted into the National Baseball Hall of Fame in 1962. His number was retired throughout professional baseball on April 15, 1997.
Current roster
References
External links
York Revolution official website
Sports in York, Pennsylvania
Professional baseball teams in Pennsylvania
Atlantic League of Professional Baseball teams
Opening Day Partners
Baseball teams established in 2006
2006 establishments in Pennsylvania |
4003647 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derbyshire%20County%20Council | Derbyshire County Council | Derbyshire County Council is the upper-tier local authority for the non-metropolitan county of Derbyshire, England. It has 64 councillors representing 61 divisions, with three divisions having two members each. They are Glossop and Charlesworth, Alfreton and Somercotes, and Eckington and Killamarsh. The authority is controlled by the Conservative Party, who won control in the May 2017 local council election and retained control in the May 2021 elections.
The Leader of the Council is Barry Lewis. He heads a cabinet consisting of eight other members – those being Simon Spencer, Carol Hart, Natalie Hoy, Tony King, Carolyn Renwick, Kewal Singh Athwal, Julie Patten and Alex Dale. The cabinet members each have responsibility for particular functions of the council and are assisted by Cabinet Support Members.
History
The council was first set up in 1889 under the Local Government Act 1888, covering the administrative county. It was reconstituted under the Local Government Act 1972 to cover a different territory. In 1997, the City of Derby left the area covered by the council becoming a unitary authority, but the city remains part of Derbyshire for ceremonial purposes only. The council originally met at County Hall, Derby, a facility which was built in 1660. In 1955 the council moved to the current county hall in Matlock. This newer county hall is in a former hydrotherapy complex called Smedley's Hydro which was built in 1867.
District and Borough Councils
There are eight lower tier district/borough councils within the Derbyshire Council area:
Amber Valley Borough Council
Erewash Borough Council
Bolsover District Council
Chesterfield Borough Council
North East Derbyshire District Council
High Peak Borough Council
Derbyshire Dales District Council
South Derbyshire District Council
Political makeup
Elections are held every four years, the next one is due in 2025.
Cabinet/Lead Members
Political control
Notable former members
Dennis Skinner (1964-1970), later member of parliament for Bolsover
David Bookbinder (Leader: 1981-1992), controversial leader of County Council
Sir Martin Doughty (Leader: 1992-2001)
Andrew Lewer MBE (2005-2014 Leader 2009-2013), later member of European Parliament for East Midlands
References
External links
Derbyshire County Council
Local government in Derbyshire
County councils of England
1889 establishments in England
Local education authorities in England
Local authorities in Derbyshire
Major precepting authorities in England
Leader and cabinet executives |
4003652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Safety%20Town | Safety Town | Safety Town is a program for children that teaches safety lessons about fire, pedestrians/traffic, water, guns, and poisons/drugs. It is also the name given to a replica town created to instruct children about safety measures.
The Safety Town program was founded by Officer Frend Boals in Mansfield, Ohio in 1937 after a child was struck and killed by a car on his way to school. The "National Safety Town Center" was founded in 1964 by Dorothy Chlad in Cleveland, Ohio.
References
External links
National Safety Town Center
safetytownproducts.com
Child safety
Road safety in the United States
Road safety campaigns
1937 establishments in Ohio |
5399107 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pyraustinae | Pyraustinae | Pyraustinae is a large subfamily of the lepidopteran family Crambidae, the crambid snout moths. It currently includes over 1,400 species; most of them tropical but some found in temperate regions including both North America and Europe.
The Pyraustinae were originally including the Spilomelinae; the present group was at that time considered a tribe Pyraustini. It has not been fully established yet which taxa of the Pyraustinae sensu lato belong to Pyraustinae as currently understood; thus the number of species in this subfamily is set to increase (although the Spilomelinae are the larger group of the old Pyraustinae).
Taxonomists' opinions differ as to the correct placement of the Crambidae, some authorities treating them as a subfamily (Crambinae) of the family Pyralidae. If this is done, Pyraustinae is usually treated as a separate subfamily within Pyralidae.
The Pyraustinae are characterised by atrophied spinula and venulae in the tympanal organs; a narrow fornix tympani; a longitudinal groove with androconial scales on the male mesothoracic tibiae; an often spinose antrum; and a sella (a medially directed clasper on the inside of the valvae), and an editum with modified setae on the male valvae.
Many species have larvae that bore into stems and fruit of plants, and several, notably from the genus Ostrinia, are serious agricultural pests.
Life cycle
Life cycle of Saucrobotys futilalis
Pyraustinae taxonomy
Acellalis Pagenstecher, 1884
Achyra Guenée, 1849 (= Achiria Sherborn, 1932, Achyria Sherborn, 1932, Dosara Walker, 1859, Eurycreon Lederer, 1863, Tritaea Meyrick, 1884)
Acropentias Meyrick, 1890
Adoxobotys Munroe, 1978
Aeolosma Meyrick, 1938
Aglaops Warren, 1892 (= Xanthopsamma Munroe & Mutuura, 1968)
Ametrea Munroe, 1964
Anamalaia Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
Anania Hübner, 1823 (= Algedonia Lederer, 1863, Mutuuraia Munroe, 1976, Nealgedonia Munroe, 1976, Ametasia M. O. Martin, 1986, Ebulea Doubleday, 1849, Ennychia Treitschke, 1828, Ennichia Duponchel, 1833, Ethiobotys Maes, 1997, Eurrhypara Hübner, 1825, Palpita Hübner, 1806, Proteurrhypara Munroe & Mutuura, 1969, Opsibotys Warren, 1890, Perinephela Hübner, 1825, Perinephele Hübner, 1826, Perinephila Hampson, 1897, Phlyctaenia Hübner, 1825, Polyctaenia Hübner, 1826, Pronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968, Tenerobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971, Trichovalva Amsel, 1956, Udonomeiga Mutuura, 1954)
Ancyloptila Meyrick, 1889
Aplectropus Hampson in Walsingham & Hampson, 1896
Aponia Munroe, 1964
Arenochroa Munroe, 1976
Arunamalaia Rose & Kirti, 1987
Asphadastis Meyrick, 1934
Atomoclostis Meyrick, 1934
Aulacoptera Hampson, 1896 (= Aulacophora Swinhoe, 1895; preoccupied by Aulacophora Dejean, 1835)
Aurorobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971
Authaeretis Meyrick, 1886 (= Anthaeretis Carus, 1887)
Auxolophotis Meyrick, 1933
Betousa Walker, 1865 (= Neothyris Warren, 1899)
Burathema Walker, 1863
Calamochrous Lederer, 1863 (= Calamochrosta Lederer, 1863)
Callibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
Carminibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1971
Catapsephis Hampson, 1899
Ceuthobotys Munroe, 1978
Cheloterma Meyrick, 1933
Chilochroma Amsel, 1956
Chilocorsia Munroe, 1964
Chilopionea Munroe, 1964
Chobera Moore, 1888
Circobotys Butler, 1879
Clatrodes Marion & Viette, 1953
Coelobathra Turner, 1908
Coptobasoides Janse, 1935
Crocidophora Lederer, 1863 (= Crocidosema Lederer, 1863, Monocrocis Warren, 1895)
Crypsiptya Meyrick, 1894 (= Coclebotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969)
Cryptosara E. L. Martin, 1956
Cybalobotys Maes, 2001
Cyclarcha Swinhoe, 1894
Daunabotys Maes, 2004
Decelia Snellen, 1880
Deltobotys Munroe, 1964
Demobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
Drachma Bryk, 1913
Ecpyrrhorrhoe Hübner, 1825 (= Ecpyrrhorrhoa J. L. R. Agassiz, 1846, Ecpyrrhorrhoea Hübner, 1826, Harpadispar Agenjo, 1952, Pyraustegia Marion, 1963, Yezobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969)
Elosita Snellen, 1899
Emphylica Turner, 1913
Endographis Meyrick, 1894
Endotrichella Collins, 1962 (= Endotrichodes Hampson, 1919)
Ennomosia Amsel, 1956
Enyocera Snellen, 1880
Epicorsia Hübner, 1818 (= Episcorsia Hübner, 1826)
Epiecia Walker, 1866
Epiparbattia Caradja, 1925
Eretmopteryx Saalmüller, 1884
Erinothus Hampson, 1899
Euclasta Lederer, 1855 (= Ilurgia Walker, 1859, Proteuclasta Munroe, 1958)
Eumaragma Meyrick, 1933
Eumorphobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
Euphyciodes Marion, 1954
Exeristis Meyrick, 1886
Fumibotys Munroe, 1976
Glaucoda Karsch, 1900
Glyphidomarptis Meyrick, 1936
Gnamptorhiza Warren, 1896
Gynenomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
Gyptitia Snellen, 1883
Hahncappsia Munroe, 1976
Helvibotys Munroe, 1976
Hutuna Whalley, 1962
Hyalea Guenée, 1854
Hyalobathra Meyrick, 1885 (= Leucocraspeda Warren, 1890)
Hyalorista Warren, 1892 (= Pyraustopsis Amsel, 1956)
Hyphercyna Sauber, 1899
Idiusia Warren, 1896
Ischnoscopa Meyrick, 1894
Isocentris Meyrick, 1887
Lampridia Snellen, 1880
Lamprophaia Caradja, 1925
Lepidoplaga Warren, 1895
Leptosophista Meyrick, 1938
Leucophotis Butler, 1886
Limbobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
Lirabotys J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007
Lotanga Moore, 1886
Loxoneptera Hampson, 1896
Loxostege Hübner, 1825 (= Boreophila Duponchel, 1845, Cosmocreon Warren, 1892, Leimonia Hübner, 1825, Limonia J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Margaritia Stephens, 1827, Parasitochroa Hannemann, 1964, Maroa Barnes & McDunnough, 1914, Meridiophila Marion, 1963, Polingia Barnes & McDunnough, 1914)
Lumenia de Joannis, 1929
Macrospectrodes Warren, 1896
Megatarsodes Marion, 1954
Metaprotus Hampson, 1899
Metasiodes Meyrick, 1894
Mimasarta Ragonot, 1894
Monocoptopera Hampson, 1899
Monodonta Kenrick, 1907
Munroeodes Amsel, 1957 (= Munroeia Amsel, 1954)
Nacoleiopsis Matsumura, 1925
Nascia J. Curtis, 1835
Neadeloides Klima, 1939 (= Adeloides Warren, 1892)
Neasarta Hampson, 1908
Neoepicorsia Munroe, 1964
Neohelvibotys Munroe, 1976
Nephelobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
Nephelolychnis Meyrick, 1933
Nomis Motschulsky, 1861
Nymphulosis Amsel, 1959
Oenobotys Munroe, 1976
Oligocentris Hampson, 1896
Oronomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
Ostrinia Hübner, 1825 (= Eupolemarcha Meyrick, 1937, Micractis Warren, 1892, Zeaphagus Agenjo, 1952)
Pagyda Walker, 1859
Palepicorsia Maes, 1995
Paliga Moore, 1886 (= Eutectona Wang & Sung, 1980)
Paracentristis Meyrick, 1934
Paracorsia Marion, 1959
Paranomis Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
Paratalanta Meyrick, 1890 (= Microstega Meyrick, 1890)
Parbattia Moore, 1888
Paschiodes Hampson, 1913
Patissodes Hampson, 1919
Peribona Snellen, 1895 (= Radiorista Warren, 1896)
Perispasta Zeller, 1875
Pimelephila Tams, 1930
Pioneabathra J. C. Shaffer & Munroe, 2007
Placosaris Meyrick, 1897 (= Xanthelectris Meyrick, 1938)
Platytesis Hampson, 1919
Pleonectoides Hampson, 1891
Portentomorpha Amsel, 1956 (= Apoecetes Munroe, 1956)
Powysia Maes, 2006
Preneopogon Warren, 1896
Proconica Hampson, 1899
Prodasycnemis Warren, 1892
Prodelophanes Meyrick, 1937
Protepicorsia Munroe, 1964
Protinopalpa Strand, 1911
Prototyla Meyrick, 1933
Psammotis Hübner, 1825 (= Lemia Duponchel, 1845, Lemiodes Guenée, 1854, Psamotis Hübner, 1825)
Pseudepicorsia Munroe, 1964
Pseudopagyda Slamka, 2013
Pseudopolygrammodes Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
Pseudopyrausta Amsel, 1956
Ptiladarcha Meyrick, 1933
Pyralausta Hampson, 1913
Pyrasia M. O. Martin, 1986
Pyrausta Schrank, 1802 (= Aplographe Warren, 1892, Autocosmia Warren, 1892, Botys Latreille, 1802, Botis Swainson, [1821], Ostreophena Sodoffsky, 1837, Ostreophana Sodoffsky, 1837, Botis J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847, Heliaca Hübner, 1806, Cindaphia Lederer, 1863, Haematia Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1822, Heliaca Hübner, 1818, Heliaca Hübner, 1808, Herbula Guenée, 1854, Hyaloscia Dognin, 1908, Mardinia Amsel, 1952, Panstegia Hübner, 1825, Perilypa Hübner, 1825, Porphyritis Hübner, 1825, Proteroeca Meyrick, 1884, Pyrausta Hübner, 1825, Anthocrypta Warren, 1892, Pyraustes Billberg, 1820, Sciorista Warren, 1890, Rattana Rose & Pajni, 1979, Syllythria Hübner, 1825, Rhodaria Guenée, 1845, Synchromia Guenée, 1854, Tholeria Hübner, 1823, Trigonuncus Amsel, 1952)
Pyraustimorpha Kocak & Seven, 1995
Rhynchetria Klunder van Gijen, 1913
Rodaba Moore, 1888
Sarabotys Munroe, 1964
Saucrobotys Munroe, 1976
Sclerocona Meyrick, 1890
Semniomima Warren, 1892
Sericoplaga Warren, 1892
Sinibotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1969
Sitochroa Hübner, 1825 (= Spilodes Guenée, 1849)
Stenochora Warren, 1892
Tabidia Snellen, 1880
Tangla Swinhoe, 1900
Tasenia Snellen, 1901
Thivolleo Maes, 2006
Thliptoceras Warren in Swinhoe, 1890 (= Mimocomma Warren, 1895, Parudea Swinhoe, 1900, Polychorista Warren, 1896)
Thysanodesma Butler, 1889
Tipuliforma Kenrick, 1907
Tirsa J. F. G. Clarke, 1971
Togabotys Yamanaka, 1978
Toxobotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1968
Trichoceraea Sauber in Semper, 1902
Trigamozeucta Meyrick, 1937
Trithyris Lederer, 1863
Triuncidia Munroe, 1976
Uncobotyodes Kirti & Rose, 1990
Uresiphita Hübner, 1825 (= Mecyna Guenée, 1854, Uresiphoeta J. L. R. Agassiz, 1847)
Vittabotys Munroe & Mutuura, 1970
Xanthostege Munroe, 1976
Some Pyraloidea are still not unequivocally placed in a particular tribe or even family; among these, Tanaobela for example is sometimes assigned to the Pyraustinae.
Former genera
Aediodina Strand, 1919
Cavifrons Zeller, 1872
Cryptographis Lederer, 1863
Haplochytis Meyrick, 1933
Orocala Walker, 1866
Plantegumia Amsel, 1956, now in Glaphyriinae
Protinopalpella Strand, 1911
See also
List of crambid genera
External links
Moth subfamilies
Taxa named by Edward Meyrick |
5399108 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Take%20a%20Look%20Around | Take a Look Around | Take a Look Around may refer to:
"Take a Look Around" (song), a song by Limp Bizkit
Take a Look Around (album), an album by Masta Ace, or the title song
"Take a Look Around", a song by The Temptations from Solid Rock
"Take a Look Around", a song by James Gang from Yer' Album
"Take a Look Around", song by the 2 Bears from Be Strong |
5399109 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dahut | Dahut | Dahut (or Dahud), also called Ahes, was a magician and a princess of Cornouaille (Brittany) present in several Breton legends.
Dahut's birth
The king of Cornouaille, Gradlon, had many ships which he used to wage war against the far away countries of the North. An outstanding strategist, he won most of the battles and pillaged the vanquished, thereby amassing great wealth.
But one day, his sailors tired of all this fighting, and refused to continue to lay siege to a particular castle. The king left Cornouaille, exiling himself to the North. Once while walking alone, he saw the red-headed woman Malgven, the Queen of the North, who was standing in front of him. She told him: "I know you; you are courageous and skillful in fighting. My husband is old, his sword was rusted. You and I are going to kill him. Then we shall return to your country of Cornouaille." They killed the king of the North and rode on Morvarc'h ("sea horse" in Breton), the Malgven magical horse. It was black, spit fire from its nostrils and was able to gallop on the sea. They caught up with Gradlon's vessels, but the approach of Morvarc'h caused the fleet to flee.
Gradlon and Malgven remained long at sea, so Malgven gave birth to a daughter, Dahut. According to some versions of the story, it killed the queen. According to other versions, she did not die, but some time after the birth of Dahut, she asked Gradlon what he thought about Dahut. He responded, "I already cherish her as I cherish you."
Malgven announced that Dahut's face would keep the appearance of hers, so she would not be forgotten by him, because it was time for her to return to her world. She added that they would see an island shortly after, and Gradlon should let her go there; otherwise they could never see the earth again. Soon after, they saw an island and there Malgven was left alone. Shortly after, Gradlon arrived in Cornouaille with Dahut, but without Malgven.
The legend of Ys
Dahut had a key role in the legend of Ys.
Other legends
Mark of Cornwall
In a Breton legend, Mark of Cornwall is also the king of Cornouaille, where, one day, he hunted a doe before discovering she was, actually, the princess Dahut. Dahut, under her human appearance, condemned him to have the ears and the mane of his horse Morvarc'h.
Carhaix
According to a legend, the city of Carhaix was founded by Dahut, a reference to a supposed Breton language etymology "Ker Ahes" (city of Ahes).
References in the arts
In music
French singer Nolwenn Leroy recorded a song titled "Ahès" on her 2012 album Ô Filles de l'Eau.
Breton mythology and folklore
Fictional characters who use magic
Mythological princesses
In Film
Meurtres en Cornouailles https://fr.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meurtres_en_Cornouaille |
5399111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradlon | Gradlon | Gradlon the Great (Gradlon Meur) was a semi-legendary 5th century "king" of Cornouaille who became the hero of many Breton folk stories. The most famous of these legends is the story of the sunken city of Ys. He is supposed to have been the son of Conan Meriadoc.
Legend
Gradlon and Malgven
According to some 19th-century legends, he was in love with a magician called Malgven. Gradlon had many ships that he used to wage war against the faraway countries of the North. An outstanding strategist, he won most of the battles, pillaged the vanquished and amassed great wealth.
One day, his sailors tired of fighting and refused to continue to lay siege to a castle. The sailors returned home, and he remained alone in the North. When he was alone, he saw a red-haired woman: Malgven, Queen of the North, was standing in front of him. She told him, "I know you. You are courageous and skillful in fighting. My husband is old; his sword has rusted. You and I are going to kill him, then go to your country of Cornouaille." They killed the king of the North and went on Morvarc'h ("sea horse" in Breton), Malgven's magical horse. It was black, spit fire from its nostrils and could gallop on the sea. They caught up with Gradlon's vessels, but the approach of Morvarc'h caused the fleet to flee.
Return trip and Dahut's birth
Gradlon and Malgven remained long at sea and so Malgven gave birth to a daughter, Dahut. According to some versions of the story, giving birth killed the queen. According to other versions, she did not die but sometime after the birth of Dahut asked Gradlon what he thought about Dahut. He responded, "I already cherish her as I cherish you." Malgven announced that Dahut's face would keep the appearance of hers so that she would not be forgotten by him since it was time for her to return to her world. She added that they would see an island shortly afterward and that Gradlon should let her go there; otherwise, they could never see the earth again. Soon, they saw an island and Malgven was left alone there.
Shortly after, Gradlon arrived in Cornouaille with Dahut but without Malgven.
Ys
Later, Dahut had a key role in the story of Ys, a city built below sea level and protected by a gate that kept the sea out. Dahut turned the city into a place of sin and debauchery. One night, she stole the key to the gate from her sleeping father and drunkenly opened the gate. Gradlon awoke and rescued his daughter from the drowning city on his magical horse, but her sins kept dragging them into the sea before he could reach land. In the end, Saint Winwaloe told him to drop his daughter. She was swallowed by the sea, became a form of siren or morgen, and lured men to destruction.
Gradlon re-established his rule in Quimper and later retired as a hermit.
Descendants
At Gradlon's death, his son Salomon I succeeded him, followed by his grandson, Aldrien.
Dahut appears again in the Arthurian legend of King Mark.
Historicity
According to the sources, several historical Gradlons existed: Gradlon Meur is cited in a cartulary of Landévennec, but there is also a Gradlon Flam and Gradlon Plueneuor (Plonéour). They are generally classified as consul, which can be understood as the count , as the Latin texts translate the Breton title of mac'htiern by "tyrant". They would have most likely lived between the 5th and the 9th centuries.
In the Gallo-Roman era, the capital of Osismes, the predecessors of Cornouailles, Trégorrois and Léonards, was Carhaix. If there was a city on the Odet, it was not Quimper but a little downstream in the current Locmaria quarter.
See also
Argol Parish close
Culture of France
History of France
Religion in France
Roman Catholicism in France
References
Breton mythology and folklore
Kings of Brittany
Year of birth missing
Year of death unknown
5th-century Breton people |
5399116 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Matthews%20%28actor%29 | Francis Matthews (actor) | Francis Matthews (2 September 1927 – 14 June 2014) was an English actor, best known for playing Paul Temple in the BBC television series of the same name and for voicing Captain Scarlet in Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons.
Early life
Matthews was born in York on 2 September 1927, to Henry and Kathleen Matthews. His father was a shop steward at the Rowntree's chocolate factory near York. His parents took him often to the theatre, where he gained a love of acting. He attended St George's RC Primary School, then St Michael's Jesuit College in Leeds.
He found work as a stagehand at the Theatre Royal in Leeds, and made his theatrical debut in 1945 in the play The Corn Is Green before performing his national service in the Royal Navy. After leaving the military he returned to the stage, appearing in a 1954 touring production of the play No Escape, which starred Flora Robson. He made his West End debut in 1956.
Career
In the 1950s and 1960s, Matthews's film roles for Hammer Studios included the Baron's assistant in The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958) and the heroes of Dracula: Prince of Darkness and Rasputin the Mad Monk (both 1966). On television, from 1969 to 1971, he played Francis Durbridge's amateur private detective Paul Temple in the BBC series of the same name.
Matthews starred opposite Morecambe and Wise in the films The Intelligence Men (1965) and That Riviera Touch (1966), which led to a close friendship with Eric Morecambe. He also appeared throughout the 1960s and 1970s in a variety of television comedy roles, including Eric & Ernie's Christmas Show, 1977. He appeared alongside George Cole in Charles Woods' sitcom Don't Forget To Write! (1977) as a successful writer.
In 1967, Matthews provided the character voice of Captain Scarlet, in imitation of Cary Grant, for Gerry and Sylvia Anderson's Supermarionation television series Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons. (He divided his time, during the recording sessions, between his work there and his stage appearances in Noël Coward's play Private Lives.)
In the late 1970s, he served as narrator and host for Follow Me!, a BBC educational programme that offered a "crash course" in the English language to foreign viewers.
In 1986, Matthews and his wife, Angela Browne, appeared together in the BBC adaptation of the Josephine Tey novel Brat Farrar. In 2000, they starred in two Ray Cooney plays on the cruise ship MS Marco Polo, while she was sailing to the Antarctic: Run For Your Wife and Funny Money.
Personal life
Matthews was married to actress Angela Browne from 1963 until her death in 2001; the couple had three sons. Two, Damien Matthews and Paul Rattigan, are actors; the other, Dominic, is an artist and musician. Matthews' younger brother, Paul Shelley, is also an actor; they had a sister, Maura.
Death
Matthews died at the age of 86 on 14 June 2014, following a short illness. He was survived by his three sons, seven grandchildren, and his two siblings.
Filmography
At Your Service, Ltd. (1951) - Roger Buckett
BBC Sunday-Night Theatre (1954–1957, TV Series) - Ken Wilson, Ensign Trefusis
Truant in Park Lane (1955) - Robert
St. Ives (1957, TV Series) - Ronald Glichrist
My Friend Charles (1956) - Ken Palmer
Bhowani Junction (1956) - Ranjit Kasel
The Talking Cat (1956) - Lancelot
ITV Television Playhouse (1956, TV Series) - Richard Hinton, Paul
Esmé Divided (1957) - Esmé Vignoles
The New Adventures of Charlie Chan (1957) - Derek Robinson
Small Hotel (1957) - Alan Pryor
O.S.S. (1957, TV Series) - Peter Fox
The Mark of the Hawk (1957) - Overholt
The Killing Stones (1958) - Desai
The Adventures of Robin Hood (TV series) (1957–1958, TV Series) - Roland, Ali ben Azra
The Revenge of Frankenstein (1958) - Doctor Hans Kleve
A Woman Possessed (1958) - John
I Only Arsked! (1958) - Mahmoud
Corridors of Blood (1958) - Jonathan Bolton
The Vise (1958–1959, TV Series) - Miles, Rex Varney, Jayo
Theatre Night (1959, TV Series) - Guy Stevens
Interpol Calling (1960) - Fawley
Man from Interpol (1960) - Richard Martin, Maharajah Of Den
Biggles (1960, TV Series)
Sentenced for Life (1960) - Jim Richards
The Cheaters (1961, TV Series) - Jack
The Hellfire Club (1961) - Sir Hugh Manning
The Treasure of Monte Cristo (1961) - Louis Auclair
The Pursuers (1961) - David
Triton (1961, TV series) - Lieutenant Lamb
The Lamp in Assassin Mews (1962) - Jack
Nine Hours to Rama (1963) - Rampure
Hancock (1963, TV series) - Elmo Dent
A Stitch in Time (1963) - Benson
A Little Big Business (1964–1965, TV Series) - Simon Lieberman
The Beauty Jungle (1964) - Taylor
Murder Ahoy (1964) - Lieutenant Compton
The Intelligence Men (1965) - Thomas
Dracula: Prince of Darkness (1966) - Charles Kent
Rasputin the Mad Monk (1966) - Ivan
That Riviera Touch (1966) - Hotel manager
Just Like a Woman (1967) - Lewis McKenzie
Captain Scarlet and the Mysterons (1967–1968, TV Series) - Captain Scarlet (voice)
Crossplot (1969) - Ruddock
Paul Temple (1969–1971, TV Series) - Paul Temple
Taste of Excitement (1970) - Mr. Breese
Five Women for the Killer (1974) - Giorgio Pisani
Brat Farrar (1986) - Alec Loding
Bunch of Five (1992) - Mr. Strathclyde
Taggart (1993) - Dr. Gerald Napier
The Detectives (1995, TV Series) - Duke of Connemara
Jonathan Creek (1998, TV Series) - Jerry Bellinitus
Do Not Disturb (1999) - Manager
Heartbeat (2002–2003, TV Series) - Dr. James Alway
The Royal (2003) - Dr. James Alway
Cary Comes Home (2004) - Cary Grant
All About George (2005) - Ted
Beautiful People (2009, TV Series) - Mr. Bunions
Run For Your Wife (2012) - (final film role)
References
External links
1927 births
2014 deaths
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors
English male film actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
English male voice actors
Male actors from Leeds
Male actors from York
20th-century Royal Navy personnel
People educated at Mount St Mary's Catholic High School, Leeds |
5399132 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chelsea%20Handler%20Show | The Chelsea Handler Show | The Chelsea Handler Show is an American sketch comedy series that aired on the E! television network. The series starred Chelsea Handler and featured skits that mocked the entertainment industry, spoofed celebrities, television, the elderly, and herself. The show aired Friday nights at 10:30 EST.
Synopsis
The mini-series was green lighted by E! in early 2006 and premiered on April 21, 2006. The cable channel ordered eight episodes of the half-hour project that features Handler, a Tonight Show correspondent and star of Oxygen's Girls Behaving Badly, in taped spoofs, film shorts and field remote pieces, all framed by stand-up segments of her performing before a studio audience.
Episodes
The show originally ordered eight episodes which aired from April 21 to June 9 and was given an additional four episodes starting August 11 to create a 12-episode season. The show finished its run on September 8, 2006.
Successors and spin-offs
Chelsea Handler began hosting the late-night comedy show, Chelsea Lately on July 16, 2007, also on E!.
External links
2006 American television series debuts
2006 American television series endings
2000s American satirical television series
2000s American sketch comedy television series
E! original programming
English-language television shows
Television series by 3 Arts Entertainment |
5399134 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musk%20turtle | Musk turtle | Musk turtle is the common name given to three genera of aquatic turtles:
Sternotherus, the musk turtles proper
Staurotypus, variously called Mexican, three-keeled, or giant musk turtles
Claudius, the narrow-bridged musk turtle
Animal common name disambiguation pages |
5399158 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ibara%20%28disambiguation%29 | Ibara (disambiguation) | Ibara is a city in Okayama, Japan.
Ibara may also refer to:
People
Franchel Ibara (born 1989) Congolese soccer player
Lucien Fils Ibara (born 1973) Congolese soccer player
Prince Ibara (born 1996) Congolese soccer player
Ibara Ryutaro, a competition record holder in deaf swimming; see List of World Deaf Swimming Championships records
Ibara Saikaku (1642–1693) Japanese poet
Fictional characters
Ibara, a fictional government minister from Dr. Stone; see List of Dr. Stone characters
Ibara, a fictional character from Shikizakura
Ibara-hime (Princess Ibara), a fictional character from Otogi-Jūshi Akazukin
Ibara Junko, a fictional character from Megatokyo
Ibara Mayaka, a fictional character from Hyouka: Forbidden Secrets
Ibara Naruse, a fictional character from Coppelion
Ibara Obami, a fictional character from Kakegurui; see List of Kakegurui – Compulsive Gambler characters
Ibara Rinne, a fictional character from Pretty Rhythm: Rainbow Live; see List of Pretty Rhythm: Rainbow Live characters
Ibara Shiozaki, a fictional character from My Hero Academia
Places
Ibara, Okrika, Rivers, Nigeria; a village, see List of villages in Rivers State
Ibara, Sashiki, Nanjō, Okinawa, Japan; a neighbourhood
Ibara Line, Japanese rail line
Ibara Station, Ibara, Okayama, Japan; a train station
Fictional locations
Ibara, an island outpost on the planet Veelox; a fictional location found in Pendragon: Journal of an Adventure through Time and Space
Other uses
Ibara (arcade game), a 2005 arcade game title
Ibara Railway, a Japanese railway company
See also
H. ibara, a species of butterfly
Japanese unisex given names
Japanese-language surnames |
5399165 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Han%20purple%20and%20Han%20blue | Han purple and Han blue | Han purple and Han blue (also called Chinese purple and Chinese blue) are synthetic barium copper silicate pigments developed in China and used in ancient and imperial China from the Western Zhou period (1045–771 BC) until the end of the Han dynasty (circa 220 AD).
Color
Azurite was the only natural blue pigment used in early China. Early China seems not to have used a natural purple pigment and was the first to develop a synthetic one.
Han blue in its pure form is, as the name suggests, blue.
Han purple in its pure form is actually a dark blue, that is close to electric indigo. It is a purple in the way the term is used in colloquial English, i.e., it is a color between red and blue. It is not, however, a purple in the way the term is used in color theory, i.e. a nonspectral color between red and violet on the 'line of purples' on the CIE chromaticity diagram. Perhaps the most accurate designation for the color would be to call it 'Han indigo', although it could also be regarded as a bright shade of ultramarine (classifying ultramarine as a color and not a pigment).
The purple color seen in samples of Han purple is created by the presence of red copper (I) oxide (Cu2O) which is formed when Han purple decomposes (the red and blue making purple). The decomposition of Han purple to form copper (I) oxide is
3 BaCuSi2O6 → BaCuSi4O10 + 2 BaSiO3 + 2 CuO
Above 1050 °C, the CuO copper (II) oxide breaks down to copper (I) oxide:
4 CuO → 2 Cu2O + O2
Chemistry
Both Han purple and Han blue are barium copper silicates (containing barium, copper, silicon, and oxygen). However, they differ in their formula, structure, and chemical properties.
Chemical formula and molecular structure
Han purple
Han purple has the chemical formula BaCuSi2O6.
Han purple has a layered structure with isolated 4-ring silicates, and contains a copper-copper bond which makes the compound more unstable than Han blue (metal-metal bonds are rare).
Han blue
Han blue has the chemical formula BaCuSi4O10. In 1993, it was discovered to occur naturally as the rare mineral effenbergerite.
Han blue, like Han purple, has a layered structure with silicate forming the structural framework. However, Han blue is more stable because of structural features such as
It is more silica-rich.
Each four-ring silicate is linked to four others in the adjacent level, in a zig-zag pattern.
The copper ions are very strongly contained within the stable silicate structure.
Chemical and physical properties
Han purple and blue are similar in many of their physical properties, which allow them to be mixed, but they differ in their chemical properties.
Exotic properties and applications to superconductivity and quantum computing research
In 2006 scientists at Stanford, Los Alamos National Laboratory and the Institute for Solid State Physics (University of Tokyo), showed that Han purple "loses a dimension" under suitable conditions when it enters a new state, as a Bose-Einstein Condensate. The researchers noted that
"We have shown, for the first time, that the collective behavior in a bulk three-dimensional material can actually occur in just two dimensions. Low dimensionality is a key ingredient in many exotic theories that purport to account for various poorly understood phenomena, including high-temperature superconductivity, but until now there were no clear examples of 'dimensional reduction' in real materials," said Ian Fisher
Other research team members alluded to potential applications to quantum computing. In conventional computers, electron charges transport information, but electron spin might in the future play a similar role in "spintronic" devices:
"Spin currents are capable of carrying far more information than a conventional charge current—which makes them the ideal vehicle for information transport in future applications such as quantum computing," stated first author Suchitra Sebastian. Noted Fisher: "Our research group focuses on new materials with unconventional magnetic and electronic properties. Han Purple was first synthesized over 2,500 years ago, but we have only recently discovered how exotic its magnetic behavior is. It makes you wonder what other materials are out there that we haven't yet even begun to explore."
Han purple
Han purple is chemically and thermally less stable than Han blue. It fades and decomposes in dilute acid. Han purple starts to decompose at temperatures more than 1050–1100 °C and forms a green-black glass at around 1200°C. It becomes more purplish when ground.
Han blue
Han blue is more chemically and thermally stable. It does not break down in dilute acids, and becomes more bluish when ground.
Manufacture
Manufacturing depends on the raw materials, their ratios, fluxes, temperature, atmosphere, and reaction time.
Production seems to have been focused in northern China, around north of the city of Xi'an. This is the area with large deposits of raw materials. No written records have been found about the production of Han purple or Han blue, so information about manufacture has been achieved through experimentation.
Raw materials
The raw materials needed are a barium mineral, quartz, a copper mineral, and a lead salt. It is unknown whether minerals were used in their natural form or were treated, though no evidence exists as yet of treatment.
The barium source was either witherite (BaCO3) or baryte (BaSO4). The rarity of witherite may favor baryte as the most likely source. Baryte has a slower decomposition rate and so favors Han blue production. Witherite conversely favors Han purple. In the use of baryte, lead salts (lead carbonate or lead oxide) would have been needed to increase yield. Lead has been detected in association with Han purple and Han blue.
Lead acts as a catalyst in the decomposition of barium minerals and as a flux. The amount of lead is important. Too much lead (more than 5%) causes partial melting and glass formation above 1000°C.
The role of lead is
BaSO4 + PbO PbSO4 + BaO
The manufacturing process
The preparation of Han blue using malachite, silica and witherite as raw minerals also releases carbon dioxide and water vapor as by-products according to the following reaction:
Cu2(CO3)(OH)2 + 8 SiO2 + 2 BaCO3 → 2 BaCuSi4O10 + 3 CO2 + H2O
The solid-state reaction to produce barium copper silicates starts at roughly 900 °C. Han purple is formed fastest. Han blue forms when an excess of silica is present and a longer reaction time is allowed. Early Chinese manufacture generally produced a mixture of Han blue and Han purple particles in various ratios, but pure colors were sometimes manufactured. Han blue could have been brought to a melt, but Han purple does not form a homogeneous melt, so it would have had to use a sintering process.
Prolonged firing causes Han purple to break down and form Han blue:
3 BaCuSi2O6 → BaCuSi4O10 + 2 BaSiO3 + 2 CuO
The temperature needed to be high (around 900–1000 °C) and kept at that temperature for long periods. Han purple is thermally sensitive, so temperature control for producing Han purple needed to be fairly constant . Han blue is thermally less sensitive.
Under the right conditions, the manufacture of Han purple would have taken around 10–24 hours, while Han blue would have taken twice as long.
Temperature would have been controlled by testing of firing materials, the size, shape, and material of the kiln, and the control of the environment. Technology for achieving and maintaining high temperatures would have been known from metal and ceramic production e.g. the potential use of twin bellows as used in metal production.
Comparison
History
Hypothesis on origin
Han blue and Egyptian blue have the same basic structure and have very similar properties. The main difference is that Egyptian blue (CaCuSi4O10) has calcium in the position of Han blue's barium (BaCuSi4O10). The similarity lead some to suggest that Han blue was based on Egyptian blue knowledge, which had traveled east along the Silk Road. Independent innovation in China would still have been needed to replace calcium with barium (the Han pigments start to form at 100 – 200°C higher than the Egyptian blue).
The two hypotheses underlying the speculations about the exact chronology of the invention of these blue pigments can be summarized as follows:
That earlier alkali metal glazing techniques were based on knowledge from Egypt, but that the copper silicate pigments (Egyptian blue and Han blue) developed from these glazes in two independent areas: Egypt and China.
Alternatively, that examples of Han blue predate the official Silk Road and therefore that development was completely independent.
Chinese invention
The case against links with Egyptian blue includes the absence of lead in Egyptian blue and the lack of examples of Egyptian blue in China.
The use of quartz, barium, and lead components in ancient Chinese glass and Han purple and Han blue has been used to suggest a connection between glassmaking and the manufacture of pigments, and to argue for independent Chinese invention. Taoist alchemists may have developed Han purple from their knowledge of glassmaking.
The lead is used by pigment maker to lower the melting point of the barium in Han Purple.
The increase and decrease of barium glasses, and Han purple and Han blue, follow similar patterns. Both peaked in the Han dynasty, declining afterwards. Pre-Han to Tang dynasties see a shift from lead-barium-silicate type glass to lead-soda-lime glass. The reason for decline is debatable. Liu et al. attribute the decline to the decline of Taoism when Confucianism was introduced, since they link pigment manufacture to the ideology of Taoism. Berke (2007) believes that political changes stopped the distribution of the pigments as the Chinese Empire was split at the end of the Han period.
Uses in cultural contexts
Han blue seems to have been favored in earlier (Zhou) periods, and Han purple in later periods (circa 400 BC).
The Han pigments consist of varying combinations of blue, purple and colorless components. The grinding together of Han purple and Han blue would have allowed a variety of blue-purple shades.
The pigments were used for:
Beads (from late Western Zhou period (1201–771 BC) )
Octagonal sticks (from Warring States period)
The Terracotta Army (Qin dynasty)
Painted figurines (Han dynasty)
Ceramic vessels (Han dynasty)
Metal objects (Han dynasty)
Wall paintings (Han dynasty)
Beads
Some of the earliest examples of the use of the Han pigments are beads which date back to the Western Zhou period. The pigments are either present as compact bodies or in glazed layers.
Octagonal sticks
These are compact bodies (solid sticks/rods) with shades ranging from light blue to dark purple. The range of colors is due to varying proportions of Han blue, Han purple, and colorless material. They are thought to be pigment sticks which were traded then ground to be used as pigment bases in paints. They may have been of importance themselves, as ceremonial or bureaucratic items of importance.
Terracotta army
Han purple and Han blue were first used in paints in the Qin dynasty. Han purple was used for the Terracotta Army in the tomb of Emperor Qin Shi Huang—the expense of producing Han purple and other pigments in such large quantities would have emphasized luxury and status. Han purple seems to have mostly been used on the trousers (pants) of the warriors. The pigment was bound to the terracotta surface with lacquer.
The warriors were fired at the same temperature as that needed for the manufacture of Han purple (), so the same kilns may have been used for both processes.
No evidence indicates Han blue being used for the warriors (azurite was used for the blue).
Painted pottery figurines
Smaller painted pottery figurines have been found e.g. the Western Han dynasty Chu Tombs, Xuzhou, Jiangsu Province and in the Han dynasty Yangling tombs of Emperor Liuqi and his Empress (156–141 BC).
Ceramic vessels
Han blue and Han purple were used to decorate Han dynasty Hu dark grey pottery vessels.
Metal objects
Bronze vessels in the Han dynasty, e.g. a bowl and top of a steamer, were decorated with Han purple.
Wall paintings
A lintel and pediment from a Han dynasty tomb near Luoyang were painted with a light blue pigment consisting of blue, purple, and colorless components.
An Eastern Han-period tomb mural painting in the Xi'an area is one of the last examples of the use of synthetic barium copper silicate pigments (Han purple).
Preservation
Due to the instability of Han purple, it shows significant signs of weathering on archaeologically excavated artifacts. The copper(I) oxide formed in the decomposition of Han purple (see section on color) remains stable, but Han purple continues to deteriorate, and its purple color increases with time.
Han purple fades in acid, so colorless particles found in pigments containing Han blue and Han purple may be particles which were originally purple, but which faded in acidic conditions in burial.
In addition, Han blue has fungicidal properties, so preserves better. Han purple reacts with oxalic acid to form BaCu(C2O4)2. The light blue color of this coordination polymer may explain the light blue color of some of the Terracotta Warriors' trousers – the color resulting from the presence of oxalate-excreting lichens.
Notes
Two other synthetic blue barium copper silicate compounds have been found in trace amounts, but are as yet unnamed. They are
BaCu2Si2O7 (blue color)
Ba2CuSi2O7 (light blue color)
See also
References
External links
Raiders of the Lost Dimension (Magnet Lab, FSU) May 21, 2006
Microscopic image of Han Purple (credit: Marcelo Jaime of MST-NHMFL)
Shades of blue
Shades of violet
Pigments
Inorganic pigments
Barium compounds
Copper(II) compounds
Oxides
Silicates
Ancient China |
4003657 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2001 Australian Open – Men's singles | Defending champion Andre Agassi defeated Arnaud Clément in the final, 6–4, 6–2, 6–2 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2001 Australian Open.
This was the first main-draw major appearance for future ATP World Tour Finals champion Nikolay Davydenko.
Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Andre Agassi is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.
Gustavo Kuerten (second round)
Marat Safin (fourth round)
Pete Sampras (fourth round)
Magnus Norman (fourth round)
Yevgeny Kafelnikov (quarterfinals)
Andre Agassi (champion)
Lleyton Hewitt (third round)
Tim Henman (fourth round)
Juan Carlos Ferrero (second round)
Wayne Ferreira (third round)
Franco Squillari (second round)
Patrick Rafter (semifinals)
Cédric Pioline (third round)
Dominik Hrbatý (quarterfinals)
Arnaud Clément (final)
Sébastien Grosjean (semifinals)
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 2001 Australian Open Men's Singles draw
2001 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Mens singles
Australian Open (tennis) by year – Men's singles |
5399172 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20African%20Agricultural%20Plantation%20and%20Allied%20Workers%20Union | South African Agricultural Plantation and Allied Workers Union | The South African Agricultural Plantation and Allied Workers Union (SAAPAWU) was a trade union representing agricultural and plantation workers in South Africa.
The union was founded in February 1995, on the initiative of the Congress of South African Trade Unions, which wanted one single union to represent all farm workers. Its initial membership was mostly drawn from the Food and Allied Workers Union (FAWU), the Paper, Wood and Allied Workers' Union, the Southern African Clothing and Textile Workers Union, and the National Farm and Allied Workers Union.
The union initially had 35,000 members, but it failed to grow, and in 2004, it merged into FAWU.
References
External links
SAAPAWU at the COSATU.
Trade unions established in 1995
Trade unions disestablished in 2004
Defunct trade unions in South Africa
Agriculture and forestry trade unions
Organisations based in Johannesburg
Agricultural organisations based in South Africa |
4003667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Kientz | Chris Kientz | Chris Kientz is an American/Canadian writer, animator, television producer, director and educator. He has worked on a number of reality TV and children's television series but is perhaps best known for his ongoing work on the award-winning Canadian/American television series, Raven Tales. His animation has also appeared at the Smithsonian Institution as well as animation festivals worldwide. He is board member of Kids First!, a children's media advocacy organization and the 2009 winner of the Kids First! PalmerVision award.
He is also known as a writer for a 56-book series based on First Nation's trickster stories, written along with David Bouchard. He worked closely with Tribal Elders in the creation of these books for Scholastic. He is currently writing a history based series for the Smithsonian Institution called Secret Smithsonian. He also continues his work in program development, specifically for healthcare, coordinating project design and business development, as well as concentrating on research of new methods of digital distribution of media and interactive systems including VR.
As an educator he worked at the Creative Media Institute at New Mexico State University to develop and implement the CMI animation program, including fund raising efforts and development of the animation curriculum and admission process. In addition he is a senior consultant for National Geographic, working with the All Roads Film Project as a fundraiser and project judge to ensure that children of under represented minorities receive media based educational materials and media training.
He has written articles and textbooks on digital media and applications for digital media in entertainment, education and distribution.
In addition he has done notable work on the research and development of interactive content for defense based security training as a program manager at the Training and Doctrine Command Analysis Center at White Sands Missile Range. His work at Los Alamos and Sandia Labs included early VR and AR approaches to training and visualization as well as early warning chemical analysis sensor systems.
He formerly served on the New Mexico Governor's Council on Film and Media Industries to advise on digital media and tax incentives for media production and post production.
References
External links
http://business.nmsu.edu/tag/chris-kientz/
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American animators
Canadian animators
American animated film directors
Canadian animated film directors |
5399174 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Agricultural%20Research%20Centre | National Agricultural Research Centre | National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) () is a research institution of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) based in Islamabad, Pakistan. It works in collaboration with Ministry of National Food Security and Research which is headed by a Federal Minister, Khusro Bakhtiar. He is heading the ministry since 19 November 2019.
Recent events
In 2015, Chief Justice of Pakistan intervened and took notice on a land issue that involved converting land owned by National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) into a residential housing society scheme.
In October 2019, World Food Day was observed at an event at the National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) in Islamabad. This event was organized by the United Nations Food & Agriculture Organization, Pakistan's Ministry of National Food Security and Research, Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) and the World Food Programme (WFP). The theme for 2019 was – 'Our actions are our future: healthy diets for a zero hunger world'.
References
External links
NARC-PARC official website
Pakistan federal departments and agencies
Science and technology in Pakistan
Constituent institutions of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission |
4003679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussain%20Aga%20Khan | Hussain Aga Khan | Prince Hussain Aga Khan (born April 10, 1974, in Geneva, Switzerland) is the third child and second son of Aga Khan IV and his first wife, Princess Salimah Aga Khan.
Early life and education
He attended Deerfield Academy and subsequently Williams College, from which he graduated in 1997 with a dual degree in theatre and French literature. In 2004, he received a Master of International Affairs degree from Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs, where his main area of study was Economic and Political Development with a regional focus on the Middle East and North Africa.
Nature and Photography
Hussain has been an avid tropical fish hobbyist since the age of five and a reptile and amphibian enthusiast since he was 14, when he started scuba diving and developed a keen interest in conservation. He started travelling to the tropics frequently after secondary school and began taking photographs of fauna and flora on a trip to the Brazilian Amazon in 1996.
An assembly of his rainforest photographs from seven countries, entitled Rainforests and including statistics related to deforestation and biodiversity, appeared in three exhibits in the US in 2004.
His photographs, including those focused on rainforests, have been published in Animal Voyage in 2004 (a new edition was printed in 2007). Since 2009 his focus has mainly been on underwater photography, especially of turtles, sharks, whales and dolphins. His second book, Diving into Wildlife (2015) contains a selection of these images. Some of Hussain's photographs have also appeared on National Geographic blogs.
His work has also been exhibited in Geneva (Switzerland), in Paris at the Maison Européenne de la Photographie (2007), at the Oceanographic Museum of Monaco for the Blue Ocean Film Festival and for the 10-year anniversary of Prince Albert’s foundation (2015 and 2016 respectively), and at the IUCN ocean conference in Hawaii in 2016. His photography was featured at the Sustainable Blue Economy Conference in Nairobi (2018) and, most recently, his photography of ocean life was on display at the National Museum of Natural History and Science of the University of Lisbon from September 27 to December 29, 2019, in an exhibition called "The Living Sea: Photographic Essay by Hussain Aga Khan".
Career
Prince Hussain has been based in France and working with the Aga Khan Trust for Culture. Following completion of a master's degree in international affairs from Columbia’s School of International and Public Affairs in 2004, Prince Hussain assumed additional responsibility at the Aga Khan Foundation for the conceptualisation of programmes on environmental issues.
Hussain is chair of the board of the Aga Khan Agency for Habitat, where he focuses mainly on disaster risk reduction and emergency management in Central Asia, Pakistan and India. He also serves on the board of the Aga Khan Trust for Culture (AKTC), and sits on the AKDN Committee, the oversight body of the Aga Khan Development Network. Involvement with the Aga Khan Foundation (AKF) has centered on the management of the Prince Sadruddin Aga Khan Fund for the Environment. More recently, Hussain joined his brother, Prince Rahim, and key directors of AKDN agencies as a member of the Environment and Climate Change Committee (ECC) in order to work on environmental issues and the impact of climate change in some of AKDN’s priority countries.
Prince Hussain was given the key to the city of Sugar Land, Texas in 2007, and was made an Honorary Ambassador of the city of Edmonton in 2007.
Focused On Nature, the small conservation fund that Hussain established with Nazir Sunderji in 2014, has mainly supported the conservation of sharks, cetaceans, rainforests, African elephants and rhinoceroses. Smaller or infrequent grants have gone to the preservation of manta rays, orangutans, endangered amphibians in Central America as well as to a few key and historic environmental organizations. Should FON grow, Hussain would like to further address great apes, expand and deepen his commitment to oceans, forests and the aforementioned species.
Personal life
On April 27, 2006, the Prince announced his intention to marry Kristin J. White (born 1976), an American whom he met while both were attending graduate school at Columbia. The intended bride, who has a master's degree in public health, converted to Islam and took the name Khaliya Aga Khan. Prince Hussain and Princess Khaliya were married religiously on Saturday September 16, 2006, by Sayyed Mohammad Masawi at Château de Chantilly. Friday September 15 was the civil ceremony at their home in Aiglemont, France, by Mayor of Gouvieux, Patrice Marchand. Prince Hussain and Princess Khaliya divorced in 2011.
In December 2018, His Highness the Aga Khan announced the engagement of Prince Hussain and Elizabeth Hoag, a mental health counselor from Connecticut specializing in anxiety disorders. The couple married in a private ceremony in Geneva on September 27, 2019, with the bride adopting the name Fareen upon embracing Islam.
References
1974 births
Aga Khan Development Network
Living people
Deerfield Academy alumni
Williams College alumni
School of International and Public Affairs, Columbia University alumni
Noorani family |
4003684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toys%20in%20the%20Attic | Toys in the Attic | Toys in the Attic is a euphemism for insanity; it may also refer to:
Toys in the Attic (play), a play by Lillian Hellman
Toys in the Attic (1963 film), the film adaptation of the Hellman play
Toys in the Attic (2009 film), a stop-motion family film
Toys in the Attic (album), a 1975 album by American band Aerosmith
"Toys in the Attic" (song), the title track from the album
"Toys in the attic", a famous line from Pink Floyd song "The Trial"
"Toys in the Attic", a song by the Dutch band Omnia
"Toys in the Attic", an episode of Rugrats
"Toys in the Attic", an episode of the anime series Cowboy Bebop |
4003688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCrgen%20Colin | Jürgen Colin | Jürgen Romano Colin (born 20 January 1981) is a Dutch former professional footballer who played as a central defender.
Club career
Born in Utrecht of Surinamese descent, Colin started his professional career at PSV Eindhoven – after arriving in the club's youth system at the age of seven – having signed from amateurs HMS. His debut came on 22 August 2001 in a 3–2 home win against FC Den Bosch, and he went on to play three more matches before he was sent on loan to K.R.C. Genk, with whom he won the 2001–02 edition of the Belgian Pro League.
The following season Colin was sent on loan again, to NAC Breda, for which he played every game during the campaign. He returned to PSV for 2003–04 and became a full squad member, making 20 league appearances. The following season he was loaned once again to NAC. His solid performances in 2004–05 earned him a transfer to Football League Championship's Norwich City. Believed to be worth £263,000 or 300,000 euro from PSV.
Colin had a difficult first year at Norwich and struggled for form, eventually losing his place at right back to Craig Fleming. He was re-instated to the team at the start of the 2006–07 season and ultimately retained his status; however, when new club manager Peter Grant took over, he lost his place to versatile midfielder Andy Hughes.
In early July 2007, Colin was invited to a three-week trial with Eredivisie giants AFC Ajax. On the 30th the move was finalised for a fee of €100,000, and made his official debut for the Amsterdam team in the Supercup 1–0 defeat of former club PSV, winning his second career trophy.
However, after having appeared sparingly during the campaign, Colin moved to La Liga team Sporting de Gijón in August 2008, signing a one-year link. Beginning the season in the starting XI, he was dropped after a 1–7 thrashing at Real Madrid and never appeared officially again.
On 25 August 2009, Colin moved for free to RKC Waalwijk also in the Netherlands' top level. After only one full season, which ended in relegation, he moved abroad again, signing for Cypriot First Division side Anorthosis Famagusta FC; on 9 February 2012, he extended his contract at the latter until 2015.
32-year-old Colin moved to Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. on a two-year deal on 2 June 2013, joining the Israelis with teammate Branko Ilič.
International career
Colin represented the Netherlands the 2001 FIFA World Youth Championship, scoring one goal in an eventual group stage exit in Argentina.
Club statistics
Honours
Genk
Belgian Pro League: 2001–02
PSV
Johan Cruijff Shield: 2003
Ajax
Johan Cruijff Shield: 2007
RKC Waalwijk:
Eerste Divisie: 2010–11
Hapoel Ashkelon
Toto Cup: 2015–16
References
External links
Stats at Voetbal International
1981 births
Living people
Dutch people of Surinamese descent
Footballers from Utrecht (city)
Dutch footballers
Association football defenders
Eredivisie players
Eerste Divisie players
PSV Eindhoven players
NAC Breda players
AFC Ajax players
RKC Waalwijk players
Belgian First Division A players
K.R.C. Genk players
English Football League players
Norwich City F.C. players
La Liga players
Sporting de Gijón players
Cypriot First Division players
Anorthosis Famagusta F.C. players
Israeli Premier League players
Liga Leumit players
Hapoel Tel Aviv F.C. players
Hapoel Ashkelon F.C. players
Erovnuli Liga players
FC Torpedo Kutaisi players
Netherlands youth international footballers
Dutch expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in Belgium
Expatriate footballers in England
Expatriate footballers in Spain
Expatriate footballers in Cyprus
Expatriate footballers in Israel
Expatriate footballers in Georgia (country)
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Belgium
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in England
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Spain
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Cyprus
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Israel
Dutch expatriate sportspeople in Georgia (country) |
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