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4001208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Montalb%C3%A1n | Carlos Montalbán | Carlos Montalbán y Merino (June 5, 1904March 28, 1991) was a Mexican character actor.
Early life
Montalbán was born in Torreón in Coahuila, Mexico, the son of Ricarda Merino Jiménez and Genaro Balbino Montalbán Busano, a store manager. His parents were Spanish.
Career
Montalbán was the older brother of actor Ricardo Montalbán and is remembered for portraying two different characters named "Vargas" in well-remembered films; The Out-of-Towners (1970) starring Jack Lemmon, and Woody Allen's Bananas (1971). His best remembered role is likely in the American boxing drama The Harder They Fall (1956), where he plays the sympathetic manager of a heavyweight contender.
He appeared as "El Exigente" in a series of coffee advertisements for Savarin Coffee in the 1960s and 1970s. Montalbán was also a renowned voice-over actor and announcer, best known as the official Spanish language voice for Marlboro cigarettes worldwide.
Death
Montalbán died on March 28, 1991, in his Manhattan home in New York City of cardiovascular disease and was survived by his wife Mary, a New Yorker, two brothers, Pedro and the actor Ricardo Montalbán, and a sister, Carmen, also from Torreon, Mexico.
Filmography
References
External links
Fandango filmography
1904 births
1991 deaths
Mexican emigrants to the United States
Mexican male film actors
Male actors from Coahuila
20th-century Mexican male actors
People from Torreón |
4001211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kol%20language%20%28Papua%20New%20Guinea%29 | Kol language (Papua New Guinea) | The Kol language is a language spoken in eastern New Britain island, Papua New Guinea. There are about 4000 speakers in Pomio District of East New Britain Province, mostly on the southern side of New Britain island.
Kol appears to be a language isolate, though it may be distantly related to the poorly attested Sulka language or form part of the proposed East Papuan languages.
Phonology
Phonology of the Kol language:
/b, r/ can be realized as [β, d] as intervocalic allophones. /r/ is pronounced as [d] when following a nasal consonant.
Kol displays vowel length contrast.
Vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words are from SIL field notes (1962, 1981), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Kol
|-
| head || ˈkel.a; kela keřne
|-
| hair || ˈkomɒ; komɔʔ kalɛane
|-
| ear || ˈbula; bula kɛřlɛ
|-
| eye || pelnɛl; ˈpenel
|-
| nose || taˈli:; tali keřne
|-
| tooth || ˈmire; mi̠řɛ kɛřnɛ
|-
| tongue || dal kɛřnɛ; raal
|-
| leg || pe:re
|-
| louse || ˈtare; ta̠řɛ
|-
| dog || kuˈɒ:; kwa
|-
| pig || bu
|-
| bird || ˈule; ulɛ
|-
| egg || ˈkondola; kondo̠la
|-
| blood || ˈbe:la
|-
| bone || ˈti:le
|-
| skin || tomalu gomo; toˈmolu
|-
| breast || ˈtombo; to̠to la̠nɛ
|-
| tree || ˈti:nel; ti̠nɛl
|-
| man || mo; tɒ: ˈti:niŋ
|-
| woman || daiƀɛ; ra:l
|-
| sun || ˈkarege; kařɛ̠qɛ
|-
| moon || ˈigu; i̠qu
|-
| water || ˈgonu; qu̠nu
|-
| fire || kuˈoŋ; kuɔŋ
|-
| stone || ˈlela; lɛla
|-
| road, path || kɛrɛa; ˈkeria
|-
| name || ˈole
|-
| eat || mo raŋ kal oŋ; tam·a
|-
| one || ˈpusuɒ; titus
|-
| two || tɛřɛŋ; teˈtepe
|}
See also
East Papuan languages
References
External links
Kol language word list at TransNewGuinea.org
East Papuan languages
Language isolates of New Guinea
Languages of East New Britain Province |
5396317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta%20Vaux%20Warrick%20Fuller | Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller | Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller ( ; born Meta Vaux Warrick; June 9, 1877 – March 18, 1968) was an African-American artist who celebrated Afrocentric themes. At the fore of the Harlem Renaissance, Warrick was known for being a poet, painter, theater designer, and sculptor of the black American experience. At the turn of the 20th century, she had achieved a reputation as the first black sculptress and was a well-known sculptor in Paris before returning to the United States. Warrick was a protégée of Auguste Rodin, and has been described as "one of the most imaginative Black artists of her generation." Through adopting a horror-based figural style and choosing to depict events of racial injustice, like the lynching of Mary Turner, Warrick used her platform to address the societal traumas of African Americans.
Early life
Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on June 9, 1877. Her parents were Emma (née Jones) Warrick, an accomplished wig maker and beautician for upperclass white women, and William H. Warrick, a successful barber and caterer. Her father owned several barber shops and her mother owned her own beauty salon. Warrick was, in fact, named after Meta Vaux, the daughter of Senator Richard Vaux, one of her mother's customers. Her maternal grandfather, Henry Jones, was a successful caterer in the city. Both of her parents were considered to have influential positions in African-American society.
Her family's class status was a special privilege that was afforded to them through their talent and their location. After an influx of free blacks began making a home in Philadelphia, the available jobs were generally physically hard and low-paying. Only a few people were able to find desirable jobs as ministers, physicians, barbers, teachers, and caterers. During the Reconstruction, due to racism, legalized racial segregation laws, including Jim Crow laws limited social progress of African Americans into the 20th century. Despite this, Warrick's parents were able to find creative success amongst the "vibrant political, cultural, and economic center" the African-American community of Philadelphia had established.
Due to her parents' success, she was given access to various cultural and educational opportunities. Warrick trained in art, music, dance and horseback riding. Warrick's art education and art influences began at home, nurtured from childhood by her older sister Blanche, who studied art, and visits to Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts with her father, who was interested in sculpture and painting. Her older sister, who later became a beautician like their mother, kept clay that Meta was able to use to create art. She was enrolled in 1893 in the Girls' High School in Philadelphia, where she studied art as well as academic courses. Warrick was among the few gifted artists selected from the Philadelphia public schools to study art and design at J. Liberty Tadd's art program at the Philadelphia School of Industrial Art in the early 1890s.
Her brother and grandfather entertained and fascinated her with endless horror stories. These influences partly shaped her sculpture, as she eventually developed as an internationally trained artist known as "the sculptor of horrors."
Marriage and family
In 1907, Warrick married Dr. Solomon Carter Fuller, a prominent physician and psychiatrist, known for his work with Alzheimer's disease. Born in Liberia, Dr. Fuller was one of the first black psychiatrists in the United States. The couple settled on Warren Road in Framingham, Massachusetts where they were one of the first black families to join the community. She continued to create works of art, against the stigma that she should settle down and become a housewife once she and her husband had three children one of which , her son Perry, went on to become a sculptor as well. Prominent African-American people visited their house, as did the Prince of Siam. Within the community, Warrick Fuller helped establish and was involved in the lighting of productions put on by the Framingham Dramatic Society. She was an active member of the St. Andrew's Episcopal Church where she directed and costumed their plays and pageants.
After the fire in 1910, Warrick Fuller built a studio in the back of her house, something which her husband strongly opposed. Between domestic duties, she found herself inspired by her religion and began to sculpt traditional biblical scenes. Warrick believed making art was her divine calling so her being cast out didn't discourage her reignited motivation to create.
Dr. Fuller died in 1953. Warrick Fuller died on March 18, 1968, at Cardinal Cushing Hospital in Framingham, Massachusetts.
Education
Warrick's career as an artist began after one of her high-school projects was chosen to be included in the 1893 World's Columbian Exposition in Chicago. Based upon this work, she won a four-year scholarship to the Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art (now The University of the Arts College of Art and Design) in 1894, where her gift for sculpture emerged. In an act of independence and nonconformity as an up-and-coming woman artist, Warrick defied traditionally "feminine" themes by sculpting pieces influenced by the gruesome imagery found in the fin de siècle movement of the Symbolist era. At various times, she was a literary sculptor, at others a creator of portrait art - which she studied under Charles Grafly at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts. Although she said that she could not specialize in African-American types, Fuller became one of the most effective chroniclers of the black experience within the United States. In 1898, she received her Pennsylvania Museum and School of Industrial Art diploma and teacher's certificate as well as a scholarship for an additional year of study.
Upon graduation in 1899, Warrick traveled to Paris, France, where she studied with Raphaël Collin, working on sculpture and anatomy at the Académie Colarossi and drawing at the École des Beaux-Arts. Warrick had to deal with racial discrimination at the American Women's Club, where she was refused lodging although she had made reservations before arriving in the city. African-American painter Henry Ossawa Tanner, a family friend, found lodging for her and gave her community amongst his group of friends.
Warrick's work grew stronger in Paris, where she studied until 1902. Influenced by the conceptual realism of Auguste Rodin, she became so adept at depicting the spirituality of human suffering that the French press named her "the delicate sculptor of horrors." In 1902, she became the protege of Rodin. Of her plaster sketch entitled Man Eating His Heart, Rodin remarked, "My child, you are a sculptor; you have the sense of form in your fingers."
Career
Warrick created works of the African-American experience that were revolutionary. They touched on the complexities of nature, religion, identity, and nation. She is considered part of the Harlem Renaissance, a flourishing in New York of African Americans making art of various genres, literature, plays and poetry. The Danforth Museum, which received a $40,000 grant from the Henry Luce Foundation to safeguard Warrick Fuller's work, states that Fuller is "generally considered one of the first African-American female sculptors of importance."
Paris
In Paris, she met American sociologist W. E. B. DuBois, who became a lifelong friend and confidant. He encouraged Warrick to draw from African and African-American themes in her work. She met French sculptor Auguste Rodin, who encouraged her sculpting. Her real mentor was Henry Ossawa Tanner while learning from Raphaël Collin. It was the "masculinity and primitive power" of her sculptures that drew the French crowds to her work and generated her acclaim. The Paris crowd was astonished that a woman could produce works that depicted such "horror, pain, and sorrow." It was a relief for Warrick that her gender wasn't an inhibitor for how the public reacted to her racially themed pieces, as it would be in the United States. By the end of her time in Paris, she was widely known and had had her works exhibited in many galleries.
Samuel Bing, patron of Aubrey Beardsley, Mary Cassatt, and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec, recognized her abilities by sponsoring a one-woman exhibition including Siegfried Bing's Salon de l'Art Nouveau (Maison de l'Art Nouveau). In 1903, just before Warrick returned to the United States, two of her works, The Wretched and The Impenitent Thief, were exhibited at the Paris Salon.
United States
Returning to Philadelphia in 1903, Warrick was shunned by members of the Philadelphia art scene because of her race and because her art was considered "domestic." However, Fuller became the first African-American woman to receive a U.S. government commission. For this award, she created a series of tableaux depicting African-American historical events for the Jamestown Tercentennial Exposition, held in Norfolk, Virginia in 1907. The display included fourteen dioramas and 130 painted plaster figures depicting scenes such as slaves arriving in Virginia in 1619 and the home lives of black peoples.
Mary Turner was her response to the 1918 lynching of a young, pregnant black woman in Lowndes County, Georgia. Fuller's contemporary, Angelina Weld Grimké, wrote the short story "Goldie" based on this murder. Warrick's activism also spanned into feminist work. She participated in the Women's Peace Party and the Equal Suffrage Movement, but abruptly stopped once she realized that black women were not included in the fight for equal voting rights. She often sold pieces to fund voter registration campaigns in the South.
Warrick exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in Philadelphia in 1906. She exhibited there again in 1908. In 1910, a fire at a warehouse in Philadelphia, where she kept tools and stored numerous paintings and sculptures, destroyed her belongings; she lost 16 years' worth of work. Among her oeuvre, only a few early works stored elsewhere were preserved. The losses were emotionally devastating for her.
Exhibitions
1907 Jamestown Tercentennial
In February 1907, Warrick secured a contract to create 14 dioramas depicting the African-American experience. At the time, it was described as the "Historic Tableaux of the Negroes' Progress." Historian W. Fitzhugh Brundage has described Fuller's tableaux as one that suggested "the expansiveness of black abilities, aspirations and experiences, [presenting] a cogent alternative to white representations of history." Warrick's tableaux were given prominent display in the Negro Building at the Jamestown Tercentennial, where they occupied 15,000 square feet. Each scene consisted of painted plaster figures and extensive painted backdrops. The 14 tableaux depicted the following: the landing of the first slaves at Jamestown; slaves at work in a cotton field; a fugitive slave in hiding; a gathering of the first African Methodist Episcopal Church; a slave defending his owner's home during the Civil War; newly freed slaves building their own home; an independent black farmer, builder and contractor; a black businessman and banker; scenes inside a modern African-American home, church and school; and finally, a college commencement. For her work on the tableaux, Warrick was awarded a gold medal by the directors of the exposition.
Ethiopia and beyond
Fuller exhibited at the Pennsylvania Academy of the Fine Arts in 1920. She created one of her most famous works,
Ethiopia (also known as Ethiopia Awakening), for America's Making Exhibition in 1921. This event was meant to highlight immigrants' contributions to US artistic society and culture. This sculpture was featured in the exhibition's "colored section," and it symbolized a new black identity that was emerging through the Harlem Renaissance. It represented the pride of African Americans in African and black heritage and identity. Ethiopia, drawn from Egyptian sculptural concepts, is an academic sculpture of an African woman emerging from a mummy's wrappings, like a chrysalis from a cocoon, represented her statement on black consciousness globally. Fuller made multiple versions of Ethiopia, including a small maquette with the figure's left hand projecting from its body (now lost) and two full-size bronze casts, one with the left hand projecting and a second made incorrectly, with the left hand flush to the figure's side.
In 1922, Fuller showed her sculpture work at the Boston Public Library. Her work was included in an exhibition for the Tanner League, held in the studios of Dunbar High School in Washington, D.C. The federal commissions kept her employed, but she did not receive as much encouragement in the US as she had in Paris. Fuller continued to exhibit her work until her last show (1961) at Howard University (Washington, D.C.) in 1961.
Poetry
Her poem "Departure" was included in the 1991 collection Now is Your Time! The African-American Struggle for Freedom.
The time is near (reluctance laid aside)
I see the barque afloat upon the ebbing tide
While on the shores my friends and loved ones stand.
I wave to them a cheerful parting hand,
Then take my place with Charon at the helm,
And turn and wave again to them.
Oh, may the voyage not be arduous nor long,
But echoing with chant and joyful song,
May I behold with reverence and grace,
The wondrous vision of the Master's face.
Theater
Warrick Fuller made significant contributions to theater. She was a multi-faceted designer, director, and actress. One of her focuses was stage lighting, which was not considered a true art form until the late 1920s; moreover, lighting design was dominated by men. Fuller was able to design for both African-American and white theater companies, which was unheard of at the time. In 1918, she joined theater organizations in Boston, Massachusetts. She was known for her paintings of "living pictures" as well as the creation of props, scenery, and masks. The Answer was an African-American stage production where Fuller designed costumes while also performing a small role. She became active in the Civic League Players (CLS) in the late 1920s and was the only African-American of the organization. With the CLS, Fuller worked on over thirty shows in all different areas of production and taught workshops. In 1928, she was taking theater classes at Wellesley College and Columbia University that focused on pageantry, lighting, and playwriting. After becoming less active in the CLS, Fuller joined a Black theater company called the Allied Arts Theatre Group (AATG) where she worked as a head designer, director, and board member. She was involved with the AATG until the founder's death in 1936. Even with her commitments of being an artist and working in theater, Fuller wrote at least six plays under the pseudonym, Danny Deaver. The following is an excerpt of stage directions in her production titled, A Call After Midnight:"On the long hall table is a lamp, which the characters snap on and off, as they stop to look for mail, which is left in a receptacle for that purpose. The wall lights of the room are controlled by a switch at right of entrance, but these are of dull amber, the candle variety, the light is never bright."
Legacy
Warrick Fuller's work has received new interest since the late 20th century. Her work was featured in 1988 in a traveling exhibition at the Crocker Art Museum, along with artists Aaron Douglas, Palmer C. Hayden and James Van Der Zee. Her work was also featured in a traveling exhibition called Three Generations of African American Women Sculptors: A Study in Paradox, in Georgia in 1998.
The Danforth Museum has a large collection of Fuller's sculptures, including many unfinished works from her home studio. Many were exhibited in a solo retrospective show of her work from November 2008 to May 2009.
Fuller's work was included in the 2015 exhibition We Speak: Black Artists in Philadelphia, 1920s-1970s at the Woodmere Art Museum.
Works
Bacchante, painted plaster sculpture, 1930
Emancipation, in plaster, 1913; in bronze, 1999. Featured on the Boston Women's Heritage Trail.
Ethiopia, small maquette cast in plaster and painted to resemble bronze, c. 1921, 13 × 3 1/2 × 3 7/8 in., National Museum of African American History and Culture.
Ethiopia Awakening, bronze sculpture, greenish-black patina, with hand incorrectly placed flush with the figure's side, , 67 x 16 x 20 in., Schomburg Center for Research in Black Culture, New York Public Library.
Henry Gilbert, painted plaster sculpture, 1928
Jason, painted plaster sculpture, Danfort Museum
Les Miserables, bronze sculpture, Maryhill Museum of Art, Goldendale, Washington
Lazy Bones in the Shade, sculpture,
Man Eating Out His Heart, painted plaster sculpture, 1905–1906. It represents a kneeling male nude eating his heart.
Mary Turner (A Silent Protest Against Mob Violence), painted plaster sculpture, 1919, Museum of Afro-American History, Boston, Massachusetts
Mother and Child, cast bronze sculpture, 1962, Massachusetts Institute of Technology
Peace Halting the Ruthlessness of War, c.1917, renamed and unveiled as "Ravages of War" on October 15, 1999 at West Virginia State College
Phyllis Wheatley (c. 1753-1784), painted plaster sculpture, . It was made based upon an engraving published in 1773
Refugee, sculpture, . Hunched male figure with a cane in his hand
Talking Skull, bronze sculpture, 1937, Museum of Afro-American History, Boston, Massachusetts. Kneeling male figure facing a skull
The Good Shepherd, painted plaster sculpture,
Waterboy, sculpture, 1930
See also
Lois Mailou Jones
Sargent Claude Johnson
Jacob Lawrence
Archibald Motley
Romare Bearden
Notes
References
Bibliography
Ater, Renée. Remaking Race and History: The Sculpture of Meta Warrick Fuller. Berkeley: University of California Press. 2011.
Driskell, David C. et al. Harlem Renaissance: Art of Black America, New York, 1994.
Igoe, Lynn Moody with James Igoe, 250 years of Afro-American Art: An Annotated Bibliography. New York: Bowker, 1981.
An Independent Woman: The Life and Art of Meta Warrick Fuller (1877-1968). Framingham, MA: Danforth Museum of Art. 1984. Exhibition catalogue.
Kerr, N. God-Given Work: The Life and Times of Sculptor Meta Vaux Warrick Fuller, 1877-1968, Amherst, 1987.
King-Hammond, L. et al. 3 Generations of African American Women Sculptors: A Study in Paradox, Philadelphia, 1996.
Powell, Richard J. and David A. Bailey. Rhapsodies in Black: Art of the Harlem Renaissance, 1997.
External links
"Meta Warrick Fuller" Unladylike2020.
American women sculptors
1877 births
1968 deaths
Artists from Philadelphia
University of the Arts (Philadelphia) alumni
Académie Colarossi alumni
American women poets
American alumni of the École des Beaux-Arts
African-American poets
Harlem Renaissance
20th-century American sculptors
20th-century American women artists
African-American sculptors
Sculptors from Pennsylvania
20th-century African-American women
20th-century African-American artists
African-American women writers |
5396321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-surface%20warfare | Anti-surface warfare | Anti-surface warfare (ASuW or ASUW) is the branch of naval warfare concerned with the suppression of surface combatants. More generally, it is any weapons, sensors, or operations intended to attack or limit the effectiveness of an adversary's surface ships. Before the adoption of the submarine and naval aviation, all naval warfare consisted of anti-surface warfare. The distinct concept of an anti-surface warfare capability emerged after World War II, and literature on the subject as a distinct discipline is inherently dominated by the dynamics of the Cold War.
Categories of anti-surface warfare
Anti-surface warfare can be divided into four categories based on the platform from which weapons are launched:
Air (or aviation): Anti-surface warfare conducted by aircraft. Historically, this was conducted primarily through level- or dive-bombing, strafing runs or air-launching torpedoes (and in some cases by suicide attacks). Today, air ASuW is generally conducted by stand-off attacks using air-launched examples of cruise missiles (ALCM) or anti-ship missiles (AShM).
Surface: Anti-surface warfare conducted by warships. These vessels can use torpedoes, guns, surface-to-surface missiles, or mines. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) represent an emerging technology. Asymmetric methods include the suicide boat.
Submarine: Anti-surface warfare conducted by submarines. Historically, this was conducted using torpedoes and deck guns. More recently, the submarine-launched cruise missile (SLCM) has become a preferred anti-ship weapon, offering a significantly longer range.
Shore/Space: Historically, this refers to shore bombardment from coastal artillery, including cannons. Shore-based cruise or ballistic missiles are more common. Further, ground-controlled satellites may provide data on fleet movements.
Anti-ship missiles include the Harpoon, RBS-15, P-500 Bazalt, Penguin and Exocet.
History
Following the results of the Battle of Taranto and the Battle of Midway during World War II, the primary combatant ship type was the fleet aircraft carrier. After World War II, the ASuW concept primarily involved the multiple carrier battle groups fielded by the United States Navy, against which the Soviet Union designed specialized strategies that did not equate to a 1:1 match of designs.
Broadly speaking, military planners in the US after World War II envisioned that a Warsaw Pact invasion of Western Europe would require a massive convoy effort to Europe to supply allied forces in theatre. Against this necessity of logistical and combat support, the Soviet Union expanded its submarine fleet, which in the event of hostilities may have been sufficient to deny the supply of material to the theatre. As military strategists often design counter-strategies to meet the capabilities of the rival force, the Western then responded with the construction of SOSUS lines to track Soviet submarines.
From the air, Soviet naval aviation had ASuW capabilities. The Tupolev Tu-16 Badger G was armed with anti-ship missiles, followed by the Tupolev Tu-22M Backfire supersonic maritime strike bomber. Even the prop-driven Tu-142, primarily designed for anti-submarine warfare (ASW), could and was armed with anti-ship missiles.
Following the end of the Cold War, ASuW still involves asymmetries, which may for now be more pronounced.
Air ASuW
After the development of reliable, long-range, guided missiles, air ASuW was imagined to consist of a mass attack by high-speed jet aircraft launching a sufficient number of missiles to overwhelm the air defences of a fleet. Some commentators believed that this capability was consistently underestimated. Exocet anti-ship missile strikes against the Royal Navy during the Falklands War even resulted in the adoption of 'Exocet' as a slang term for a 'sharp, devastating and surprising attack.' The USS Stark incident showed a medium-sized power could significantly damage a modern frigate, with the attack of a single plane on a single ship capable of inflicting heavy damage, let alone the scenario of a multi-ship flight.
The same advantages that made planes so successful against surface ships in World War II are largely still existent. Aircraft can attack in large numbers with little warning and can carry multiple weapons that are each capable of disabling a ship. While warships are able to carry powerful defensive technologies the need to destroy every incoming missile leaves them at a disadvantage. Missiles and supersonic aircraft are very difficult targets to hit and even the most advanced systems cannot provide certainty of interception. During the Cold War the gulf was at its most pronounced, with saturation missile attacks a major concern but the gulf has closed a little in recent time. The advent of phased array radar on ships allow them to track and target a far larger number of targets at one time, increasing the number of missiles needed to saturate defences. The arrival of vertical launching systems allow for dozens of SAMs to be launched almost simultaneously from each ship, a substantial advance over older missile launchers that could only fire one or two missiles before reloading. Should salvoes of SAMs fail to destroy a saturation attack, 'soft kill' countermeasures are complemented by the invention of the point-defence close-in weapon system (CIWS), usually a rapid-fire autocannon sometimes paired with a missile system as a last line of defence. Finally the arrival of networked fleet level defence direction using many radars and many launch platforms together to intercept a cloud of missiles allows for better use of defence resources. Previously each ship would have to act individually against a coordinated attack which leads to defensive fire being wasted on the same targets. Networking also brings information from airborne radar, giving vastly longer range than any ship board radar could achieve due to the radar horizon.
Additionally modern communication and intelligence tools make carrier fleets harder to attack than in previous decades. The challenge for a carrier in the 1970s was in effectively using its air arm against incoming bombers. Fighters could cause huge casualties in a bomber force, but their comparatively low range and loiter time made it impossible to keep a constant combat air patrol over hundreds of miles of ocean. The range of anti-ship missiles also typically put bombers out of range of fighters launching once a raid was detected, nullifying a major part of the fleets anti-air defences. The ability to bring real time intelligence from long range radars and satellite imaging to the fleet better allows fighters to be used against attackers in the air.
These improvements do not make a fleet impervious to missile attack but do increase a fleet's ability to defend itself and the number of attackers needed to saturate defences. Attackers retain the advantage because a fleet is still relatively static and needs to be successful against every incoming missile to avoid significant losses while attackers only need to achieve a few hits to make an attack successful. The major change is that attackers now need to invest more resources into each attack. Larger formations of aircraft are needed to successfully saturate defences, but if this can be achieved then the aircraft will cause very significant damage. Even a single missile may be able to penetrate defences and sink a ship and even the most successful defence systems cannot guarantee an interception, simply a higher likelihood of one.
Surface ASuW
Most naval vessels today are equipped with long range anti-surface missiles such as Harpoon and Exocet which are capable of crippling or destroying enemy ships with a single hit. These can be fired from vertical launch systems or from stand alone launch tubes and are designed to attack other warships. Smaller ships such as the US Navy's littoral combat ship make use of smaller missiles, such as the AGM-114 Hellfire, in the surface-to-surface role that are less suited to attack warships but are still dangerous against fast attack craft or smugglers and pirates as well as land targets.
A surface ship has several key disadvantages as ship to ship missile platform compared to other combatants. Being close to the surface substantially reduces radar range due to the radar horizon which makes it harder to find targets and decreases the maximum range that a missile could be usefully launched at. Also, launching from low altitude costs more fuel than air launch, further decreasing a missile's potential range. However ships can carry far more missiles than any other platform and are thus able to attack more targets or continue an engagement for longer than other platforms.
While ships do retain a robust anti-ship missile armament the ubiquity of such missiles makes an engagement with anti-ship missiles between surface ships fairly unlikely because for one ship to launch its missiles it would have to bring itself within range of the enemies missiles. Even with surprise the flight time of such missiles is long enough for an enemy to return fire before being hit making such an engagement extremely dangerous without some additional advantage. The Battle of Latakia during the Yom Kippur War saw Israeli missile boats sink an equal number of Syrian boats by using electronic counter measures and chaff to successfully avoid missile fire but modern missiles typically have additional guidance systems that make such defences much less effective. In a modern conflict anti-surface missiles would more likely be used against merchant shipping or auxiliary ships and only against similarly armed vessels when no other weapons are available. The arrival of networked weapon systems do potentially offer surface to surface missiles way to launch, using radar data from an aircraft or UAV to target missiles over the horizon and engage ships without exposing the launcher to retaliation although such systems are yet to be deployed.
One recent advance in surface to surface weaponry is the modification of RIM-66 Standard anti-air missiles to attack surface targets. Although not as powerful as a dedicated anti-ship missile they are extremely fast and agile and better able to penetrate anti-missile defences. Additionally as many more surface to air missiles are typically carried on every vessel this increases a ships potential firepower many times over. While an typically carries eight Harpoons ready to fire, it carries forty or more Standard missiles in its vertical launch cells. This also presents a Standard armed ship with the potential to attack a long range target without necessarily trying to sink it, something very valuable against non-military targets.
While naval guns have largely been supplanted by missiles, guns remain a part of many ships weaponry. Weapons such as the 5-inch Mark 45 gun remain in service to provide artillery support against land targets but also with a function against surface ships. Missiles are typically a better weapon in terms of their destructive potential but cannon shells are much harder (if not impossible) to intercept with anti-missile defence systems and likely will not be seen on the defenders radar, providing a potential advantage for a surprise attacker. Equally guns do not require a radar lock to fire, giving them utility against stealth vessels or those too small to be detected.
Submarine ASuW
Undersea versus fleet action is commonly described as a "cat-and-mouse" game, where submarines seek to escape detection long enough to engage in a punishing strike against the much more valuable aircraft carrier fleet groups. Early Soviet submarine designs could be heard "across the Atlantic," but by the late 1980s, many advanced designs were approaching sound-output equivalent to a body of water the size of the sub. P-3 Orions or other ASW maritime patrol planes could deploy magnetic anomaly detectors or disposable sonobuoys, against which the concept of a submarine firing a SAM was generally considered a poor trade-off (the revelation of the submarine's location was not generally considered worth the possible hit on a single plane). However, the concept of the submarine firing on the plane has been revived with Germany's Type 209 diesel submarines.
Submarines seeking to engage in ASuW can also be targeted by other submarines, resulting in wholly undersea combat.
Shore/Space ASuW
Shore-based assets may have provided the decisive edge in surface warriors, with constraints imposed by range of such assets. Furthermore, satellites controlled from ground stations could provide information on enemy fleet movements.
Post Cold-War
In the post-Cold War era, UAVs and asymmetric threats such as the suicide boat are adding additional complexity to the ASuW discipline.
Naval warfare |
5396327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long%20posterior%20ciliary%20arteries | Long posterior ciliary arteries | The long posterior ciliary arteries are arteries of the head arising, together with the other ciliary arteries, from the ophthalmic artery. There are two in each eye.
Course
They pierce the posterior part of the sclera at some little distance from the optic nerve, and run forward, along either side of the eyeball, between the sclera and choroid, to the ciliary muscle, where they divide into two branches.
These form an arterial circle, the circulus arteriosus major, around the circumference of the iris, from which numerous converging branches run, in the substance of the iris, to its pupillary margin, where they form a second (incomplete) arterial circle, the circulus arteriosus minor.
Target
The long posterior ciliary arteries supply the iris, ciliary body and choroid.
See also
Short posterior ciliary arteries
References
External links
Arteries of the head and neck |
5396329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Short%20posterior%20ciliary%20arteries | Short posterior ciliary arteries | The short posterior ciliary arteries, around twenty in number, arise from the medial posterior ciliary artery and lateral posterior ciliary artery, which are branches of the ophthalmic artery as it crosses the optic nerve.
Course and target
They pass forward around the optic nerve to the posterior part of the eyeball, pierce the sclera around the entrance of the optic nerve, and supply the choroid (up to the equator of the eye) and ciliary processes.
Some branches of the short posterior ciliary arteries also supply the optic disc via an anastomotic ring, the circle of Zinn-Haller or circle of Zinn, which is associated with the fibrous extension of the ocular tendons (common tendinous ring (also annulus of Zinn)).
Additional images
See also
Long posterior ciliary arteries
Anterior ciliary arteries
References
Arteries of the head and neck |
5396339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior%20ciliary%20arteries | Anterior ciliary arteries | The anterior ciliary arteries are seven small arteries in each eye-socket that supply the conjunctiva, sclera and the recti muscles. They are derived from the muscular branches of the ophthalmic artery.
Course
The anterior ciliary arteries are branches of the ophthalmic artery and run to the front of the eyeball in company with the extraocular muscles. They form a vascular zone beneath the conjunctiva, and then pierce the sclera a short distance from the cornea and end in the circulus arteriosus major.
Three of the four rectus muscles; the superior, inferior and medial, are supplied by two ciliary arteries each, while the lateral rectus only receives one branch.
References
Arteries of the head and neck |
5396344 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seapoint%20railway%20station | Seapoint railway station | Seapoint railway station () serves the locality of Seapoint, between Blackrock and Salthill in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown, Ireland.
History
The station opened on 1 July 1862 and was originally called Monkstown & Seapoint, though the following year this was changed to just Seapoint. It was electrified in 1984 with the arrival of DART services.
The ticket office is open between 05:45-00:50 AM, Monday to Friday.
Transport services
There is no direct public transport to or from the station. The nearest bus stops are on Monkstown Road, located 450 m from the station, which are served by the following:
Dublin Bus Routes:
7 / 7A from Mountjoy Square to Bride's Glen / Loughlinstown. Route 7 provides a connection to the Luas Green Line terminus at Bride's Glen
7N Nitelink from Dublin city centre to Shankill, via Blackrock (Friday & Saturday only)
See also
List of railway stations in Ireland
References
External links
Irish Rail Seapoint Station Website
Iarnród Éireann stations in Dún Laoghaire–Rathdown
1862 establishments in Ireland
Railway stations opened in 1862 |
5396347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siempre%20es%20hoy | Siempre es hoy | Siempre Es Hoy (Spanish for It is always today) is the third album by Argentine rock musician Gustavo Cerati.
The album was advertised as "Cerati's Rock Album", however, it has a more of an electronic style than rock. Music critics were pleased with Siempre Es Hoy, giving it ratings ranging from 4 to 5 stars.
Some of the songs were remixed for the 2003 album, Reversiones: Siempre Es Hoy. These songs were remixed by several guest musicians including Leandro Fresco, Bostich from Nortec Collective, Miranda!, Kinky and DJ Orange, all to various electronic-music styles.
Track listing
Sales and certifications
References
Gustavo Cerati albums
2002 albums
Sony BMG Norte albums |
4001213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Volta%20a%20Catalunya | 2005 Volta a Catalunya | The 2005 Volta a Catalunya was the 85th edition of the Volta a Catalunya cycling race, which took place from 16 May to 22 May 2005, in Catalonia, Spain. The race began in Salou with a team time trial and ended in Barcelona. Yaroslav Popovych won the first major win of his career.
Teams
Twenty-three teams of up to eight riders started the race:
Kaiku
Route
Stages
Stage 1
16 May 2005 - Salou, (TTT)
Stage 2
17 May 2005 - Cambrils,
Stage 3
18 May 2005 - Salou to La Granada,
Stage 4
19 May 2005 - Perafort to Pal-Arinsal,
Stage 5
20 May 2005 - Sornàs to Ordino-Arcalis, (ITT)
Stage 6
21 May 2005 - Llívia to Pallejà,
Stage 7
22 May 2005 - Pallejà to Barcelona,
Final standings
General classification
Mountains classification
Points classification
Best team
References
External links
Race website
2005
Volta
2005 in Spanish road cycling
2005 UCI ProTour
May 2005 sports events in Europe |
4001219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta%20noise | Meta noise | Meta noise refers to inaccurate or irrelevant metadata. This is particularly prevalent in systems with a schema not based on a controlled vocabulary, such as certain folksonomies.
Examples:
misspelled tags ( instead of white), or tags with multiple spellings (hip-hop and hip hop)
obviously inaccurate or joke tags (dog on a content object featuring only a cat)
On systems open to large user groups, tags which are understood by only a minority of users.
Hidden benefit
Although the existence of meta noise may initially appear to detract from the value of metadata generally, meta noise allows less popular tags to be defined and used by a minority of users without damaging the validity or cohesion of what the majority of users would consider to be the most relevant or accurate metadata, thus actually increasing access to content.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060814005830/http://www.win.tue.nl/SW-EL/2006/camera-ready/02-bateman_brooks_mccalla_SWEL2006_final.pdf
Metadata |
5396350 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neotinea%20ustulata | Neotinea ustulata | Neotinea ustulata (syn. Orchis ustula), the burnt orchid or burnt-tip orchid, is a European terrestrial orchid native to mountains in central and southern Europe, growing at up to elevation. The plant is considered Endangered in Great Britain and Least Concern internationally based on IUCN Red List criteria. The burnt-tip orchid was voted the county flower of Wiltshire in 2002 following a poll by the wild flora conservation charity Plantlife.
Description
Neotinea ustulata grows from two spherical tubers with thick roots. Old sources believed that the plant could grow underground for 10–15 years before the first stem appears. Plants have leaves with prominent veins, along with a couple of leaves typically around the flower stem, which can reach , though typically less than tall.
Flowers are born in a dense cylindrical pattern, with individual plants capable of producing up to 70 flowers. The sepals and petals form a hood that is reddish-brown, over a white crimson-spotted lower lip that is . Flowers have a strong fragrance that is described as similar to honey, though flowers do not produce nectar. N. ustulata flowers from May through June, with the subspecies, Neotinea ustulata subsp. aestivalis blooming in July in England. The late flowering subspecies has a different, unpleasant aroma, indicating different pollinators. The common name comes from the tips of the flower buds having a burnt appearance.
Seed set for flowers is low, at around 20%, but each seed capsule may contain 2000-4000 seeds, which are dust-like and travel hundreds of kilometres on the wind.
Distribution and habitat
Neotinea ustulata is distributed throughout central and south Europe, with its main populations in Spain and Greece in the south, reaching England and southern Sweden in the north, and reaching as far east as the Caucasus and Ural mountains. It grows as high as elevation in the Carpathian mountains and the Alps. It typically grows on chalky subsoil (occasionally acidic soils) in grassland; fens and open pine forest; mountain meadows, valleys, and ledges; wet grasslands. The plant's largest population in northwest Europe is on Parsonage Down, in Wiltshire, England.
Ecology
The early-flowering subspecies Neotinea ustulata var. ustulata is pollinated by a tachinid parasitic fly Tachina magnicornis. The late-flowering subspecies Neotinea ustulata var. aestivalis is pollinated by the longhorn beetle Pseudovadonia livida and possibly also by bees.
Neotinea ustulata is highly restricted in which species of mycorrhizal fungi it can partner with, relying upon species in the Rhizoctonia group. One study has indicated that partnership with a species of Ceratobasidium also occurs.
As this species is one of the smallest European orchids, it generally relies on low intensity grazing to compete with other plants for light. It is however, not spared by grazers; above ground, plants may be eaten by sheep, cows, rabbits, slugs and snails. Wild boar sometimes dig out the roots of the plant and consume them.
Etymology
The genus Neotinea is named after an Italian botanist, Vincenzo Tineo (1791-1856), who was Director of Palermo botanical garden and later the Chancellor of Palermo University. His published works include 'Plantarum rariorum Sicilae' (1817) and 'Catalogus plantarum horti' (1827). The Latin specific epithet ustulata means "slightly burnt", referring to the appearance of the flower spike, as the common name does.
References
External links
Orchideae
Orchids of Europe
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
4001223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuot%20language | Kuot language | The Kuot language, or Panaras, is a language isolate, the only non-Austronesian language spoken on the island of New Ireland, Papua New Guinea. Lindström (2002: 30) estimates that there are 1,500 fluent speakers of Kuot. Perhaps due to the small speaker base, there are no significant dialects present within Kuot. It is spoken in 10 villages, including Panaras village () of Sentral Niu Ailan Rural LLG in New Ireland Province.
Locations
Kuot is spoken in the following 10 villages. The first five villages are located eastern coast, and the last five on the western coast in New Ireland. Geographical coordinates are also provided for each village.
Kama ()
Bol () (mixed with Nalik speakers)
Fanafiliuo
Liedan ()
Kabi ()
Naiama ()
Panaras ()
Naliut ()
Nakalakalap ()
Patlangat ()
Bimun ()
Combined, the two villages of Naliut and Nakalakalap are known as Neiruaran (). Most of the villages are located in Sentral Niu Ailan Rural LLG, though some of the eastern villages, such as Kama and Bol, are located in Tikana Rural LLG.
The Kuot variety described by Lindström (2002) is that of Bimun village.
Language contact
Lenition in some Austronesian languages of New Ireland, namely Lamasong, Madak, Barok, Nalik, and Kara, may have diffused via influence from Kuot (Ross 1994: 566).
Status
Kuot is an endangered language and most children, if not all, grow up speaking Tok Pisin instead.
Phonology
Consonants
Vowels
The vowels /i/ and /u/ tend to become glide-vowels in occurrence with other vowels. The length of the vowels is not making differences for the meaning of words. The appearance of /i/ and /u/ with other vowels can not be seen as diphthong or a combination of vowel and glide-vowel. There are never more than three vowels per syllable. The combination of diphthong and vowel is also possible but they are pronounced in conditions of the syllable. Diphthongs are spoken like one sound.
Allophones
Morphophonemic Alternations
't' to 'r' Alternation
The phoneme in certain possessive markers, such as "-tuaŋ", "-tuŋ" and "-tuo" becomes when it comes after a stem ending in a vowel. Compare:
ira-ruaŋ – my father
luguan-tuaŋ – my house
i'rama-ruo – my eye
nebam-tuaŋ – my feather
Vowel Shortening
Where the third person singular masculine suffix "-oŋ" is used on a noun that ends with a vowel, this vowel is typically not pronounced. For instance, "amaŋa-oŋ" is pronounced , not .
Voicing Rule
When vowel-initial suffixes are added to stems that end in voiceless consonants, those consonants become voiced. For example:
he splits it
he drinks
he prays
The phoneme becomes , not .
it comes out
her eyes
Grammar
Kuot is the only Papuan language that has VSO word order, similar to Irish and Welsh. The morphology of the language is primarily agglutinative. There are two grammatical genders, male and female, and distinction is made in the first person between singular, dual, and plural, as well as between exclusive and inclusive.
For instance, the sentence literally means 'my father eats sweet potato'. Parak-oŋ is a continuous aspect of the verb meaning 'to eat', ira means 'father', -ruaŋ is a suffix used to indicate inalienable possession ('my father'), and kamin is a simple noun meaning 'sweet potato'.
Noun declensions
Kuot nouns can be singular, dual, or plural. Below are some noun declension paradigms in Kuot (from Stebbins, et al. (2018), based on Lindström 2002: 147–146):
{|
! Class !! Noun root !! Gloss !! Singular !! Plural !! Dual
|-
| 1 || ‘plain’ || road || alaŋ || alaŋip || alaŋip-ien
|-
| 2 || ma || eye || irəma || irəp || irəp-ien
|-
| 3 || na || base (e.g. of tree) || muana || muap || muap-ien
|-
| 4 || bun || hen || puraibun || purailəp || purailəp-ien
|-
| 5 || bu || breadfruit tree || opəliobu || opələp || opələp-ien
|-
| 6 || uom || banana || pebuom || pebup || pebup-ien
|-
| 7 || bam || rib || binbam || binbəp || binbəp-ien
|-
| 8 || nəm || village || pianəm || pialap || pialap-ien
|-
| 9 || nim || name || bonim || bop || bop-ien
|-
| 10 || m || nit || dikkam || dikkəp || dikkəp-ien
|-
| 11 || n || weed || kaun || kaulup || kaulup-ien
|}
Vocabulary
The following basic vocabulary words are from Lindström (2008), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Kuot
|-
| head || bukom
|-
| hair || kapuruma
|-
| ear || kikinəm
|-
| eye || irəma
|-
| nose || akabunima; ŋof
|-
| tooth || laukima
|-
| tongue || məlobiem
|-
| louse || ineima
|-
| dog || kapuna
|-
| bird || amani; kobeŋ
|-
| egg || dəkər; səgər
|-
| blood || oləbuan
|-
| bone || muanəm
|-
| skin || kumalip; neip; pəppək
|-
| breast || sisima
|-
| man || mikana; teima
|-
| woman || makabun
|-
| sky || panbinim
|-
| moon || uləŋ
|-
| water || burunəm; danuot
|-
| fire || kit
|-
| stone || adəs
|-
| road, path || alaŋ
|-
| name || bonim
|-
| eat || o; parak
|-
| one || namurit
|-
| two || narain
|}
See also
East Papuan languages
References
External links
Kuot language word list at TransNewGuinea.org
Kuot Swadesh 100 Word List
Kuot word list (Austronesian Basic Vocabulary Database)
Agglutinative languages
East Papuan languages
Language isolates of New Guinea
Languages of New Ireland Province
Verb–subject–object languages
Vulnerable languages
Endangered Papuan languages
Endangered language isolates |
5396353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Our%20Man%20Bashir | Our Man Bashir | "Our Man Bashir" is the 82nd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, the tenth of the fourth season. It originally aired on November 27, 1995, in broadcast syndication. Directed by Winrich Kolbe, the story originated from a pitch by Assistant Script Coordinator Robert Gillan and was turned into a script by producer Ronald D. Moore. Both hairdressing in the episode and the score by Jay Chattaway were later nominated for Emmy Awards. The episode's plot involves the combination of two much-used Star Trek plot devices: a transporter accident and a holodeck malfunction.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures on Deep Space Nine, a space station located near a stable wormhole between the Alpha and Gamma quadrants of the Milky Way Galaxy. In this episode, Dr. Julian Bashir (Alexander Siddig) plays a 1960s secret agent in a holosuite game, accompanied by his friend Garak (Andrew Robinson), who is himself a former spy. After a transporter accident, the physical likenesses of several crew members are temporarily stored as characters in the holosuite memory; Bashir and Garak must prevent any of them from dying in the game or else they will be lost to the real world.
The production team had deliberately avoided episodes centering on holodeck malfunctions as they felt they had been overused on Star Trek: The Next Generation. However, Gillan pitched the circumstances that caused the issue seen in the episode and Moore came up with the 1960s setting. Although the episode takes its title from Our Man Flint a major inspiration for the story was the James Bond films. This obvious influence resulted in Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer complaining to the studio, and later references to Bashir's holosuite game in the episode "A Simple Investigation" were toned down. "Our Man Bashir" received Nielsen ratings of 6.8 percent, and while the episode was mostly praised by reviewers, with particular attention paid to the performance of Avery Brooks, there was some criticism levelled at the depiction of women.
Plot
Dr. Julian Bashir is playing a holosuite game in which he portrays a glamorous secret agent in 1964. His friend Elim Garak, a former spy, tags along. Meanwhile, the other officers of Deep Space Nine are rescued from the explosion of a runabout by Cmdr. Eddington, who beams them out in the nick of time. The transporter is damaged by the explosion, and Eddington must store their patterns in the station's computer memory. Their physical patterns end up in the computer controlling the holosuite, appearing as characters in Bashir's simulation. Eddington informs Bashir that he can't shut down the program or let the characters die, or else the patterns of the crew members may be deleted. Making matters worse, the holosuite safeties are disabled, meaning Bashir and Garak could be hurt or killed by the game.
In the game, a Russian spy, Anastasia Komananov, appears with Major Kira's likeness. Komananov explains that a mad scientist, Dr. Noah, is kidnapping elite scientists; Bashir's orders are to rescue Professor Honey Bare (Jadzia Dax). After escaping the assassin Falcon (Miles O'Brien), Bashir, Garak and Komananov go to a casino to speak to Noah's associate Duchamps (Worf). After a game of baccarat, Duchamps drugs the trio, knocking them out.
They awaken in Dr. Noah's lair on Mount Everest. Noah (Captain Sisko) explains his plan to flood the rest of the world, wiping out the human race except for his kidnapped scientists. He has Bashir and Garak handcuffed to an underground laser that will flood the chamber with lava in five minutes. As the time ticks down, Bashir flirts with Prof. Bare, and she slips him a key. Bashir frees himself and Garak, who protests that continuing the simulation is too dangerous. Garak is about to close the program, potentially killing the other crew members, when Bashir shoots him, grazing him with a bullet. Garak is shocked, but impressed, and agrees to continue.
They burst into Noah's study, and Eddington tells them he will attempt to rescue Sisko and the others in two minutes. To gain time, Bashir hits the button to activate Noah's plan, flooding the Earth. As he had not expected to actually win, the shocked Dr. Noah is still about to shoot Bashir, but before he can pull the trigger, Eddington beams the crew's patterns out of the holosuite. Bashir and Garak end the program with relief, Garak commenting that Bashir "saved the day by destroying the world".
Production
Story editor René Echevarria was keen not to have a damaged holodeck story appear, as he felt it had been overdone in Star Trek: The Next Generation. It was specified in the information sheet sent to freelance writers that Deep Space Nine was not accepting stories involving malfunctioning holodecks. Producer Ira Steven Behr explained that the show had been looking for a unique holodeck story that would be specifically for Deep Space Nine rather than Sherlock Holmes and Dixon Hill detective stories seen in The Next Generation. Whilst Bashir and O'Brien's adventures in the holosuites in the Battle of Britain and the Battle of Clontarf have been mentioned in episodes, they were simply too expensive to be shown on screen effectively. But Behr felt that the story for "Our Man Bashir" was within the budget of the show.
The story was initially pitched to Echevarria by Robert Gillan, who was on the staff of Deep Space Nine as Assistant Script Coordinator. Echevarria was immediately convinced, and told Behr about the story who was equally as enthusiastic. In Gillan's original pitch, there wasn't a specific setting clearly set out, but Behr and Echevarria were sold on the idea that nothing went wrong with the holosuites — it was simply where the computer decided to store the information following a transporter accident. Producer Ronald D. Moore came up with the 1960s setting, as he felt it was appropriate since Garak was a spy for the Cardassian Obsidian Order. He wrote the teleplay, and based it on a variety of sources including James Bond, Our Man Flint, The Man from U.N.C.L.E. and The Wild Wild West. He later explained that he "loved all of them as a kid. They had a certain panache. I loved writing that episode."
Some of the elements were suggested by other staff members, with Robert Wolfe naming Colonel Anastasia Komananov and Behr changing Suzie Luvsitt to Mona Luvsitt. Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer was later not pleased with the James Bond-style approach, and when Bashir's spy program appeared in the later episode "A Simple Investigation", the references were more generic. Dennis Madalone managed to save some time during the production as one of the shots involved Bashir seeing Falcon approach him from behind by seeing his reflection in a bottle of champagne. After time was already scheduled to attempt the shot, Madalone explained to the director that he could take the filmed sequence and digitally manipulate it onto the bottle. Madalone was also responsible for firing a cork from a bottle at Colm Meaney's head from off screen to make it appear as if Bashir did it, and managed to do it on the first take.
"Our Man Bashir" was the longest shoot of any single episode of Deep Space Nine, taking nine days to film instead of the normal seven. The episode required a great deal of stunt work and special equipment, such as stuntmen going through tempered glass instead of sugar glass because of the better glass breaking effect. There was a great deal of new sets used as well, which each took longer to set up camera and lighting for as the crew were not as familiar with them as the standing sets. The backdrop used for Mount Everest was rented, but the crew realised it lacked snow so they had to modify it and then return it to the original condition afterwards. The majority of the 1960s style technologies such as Dr. Noah's base, were all custom built in house and where parts moved they were generally manually operated off screen. Art director Herman Zimmerman said that "Everything that could be manually operated was, because the brain is still smarter than most computers and you can still do some things faster by hand."
Reception
"Our Man Bashir" was first broadcast on November 27, 1995, in broadcast syndication. It received Nielsen ratings of 6.8 percent, placing it in eighth place in its timeslot and lower than the episode that aired the previous week, "The Sword of Kahless", which gained a rating of 6.9 percent. "Our Man Bashir" was the final new episode of Deep Space Nine to air in 1995, with repeats running until "Homefront" aired on January 1, 1996, with ratings of 6.8 percent.
Zack Handlen of The A.V. Club compared "Our Man Bashir" to "Little Green Men" from earlier in the season, saying that this episode was "better paced". Another comparison made was to The Next Generation "Hollow Pursuits", saying that "instead of [Reginald] Barclay using the holodeck to enact his fantasies with people he can't bear to deal with in real life, Bashir is forced to keep his made up world going if he wants to save the lives of his friends". Handlen also praised the relationship between Bashir and Garak in the episode, and said "Our Man Bashir" demonstrates their characterisation. In Michelle Erica Green's review for TrekNation, she criticised the role of women in the episode, saying that they fared better in the James Bond movies. She also thought that taking the out-of-character element of the episode repeated elements seen in several episodes during the previous season, but praised the acting on the part of Avery Brooks and that Garak was "born to play a Bond sidekick".
Keith DeCandido, writing for Tor.com, said that it was obvious that the actors enjoyed their new parts in this episode and said of the episode, "holy crap is it fun". In particular, he praised both Avery Brooks and Nana Visitor in their Bond-esque roles, saying that Brooks made a villain on par with those played by Donald Pleasence, Christopher Lee, and Javier Bardem. DeCandido gave "Our Man Bashir" a rating of nine out of ten. In a list of the top 100 episodes of the Star Trek franchise, "Our Man Bashir" was placed in 77th place by Charlie Jane Anders at io9. She noted it as being one of goofiest Deep Space Nine episodes.
In 2012, Den of Geek ranked this the seventh best episode of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine.
A 2015 binge-watching guide for Star Trek: Deep Space Nine by WIRED recommended not skipping this essential episode.
In 2016, Empire ranked this the 23rd best out of the top 50 episodes of all the 700 plus Star Trek television episodes.
In 2020, Io9 said this was one of the "must watch" episodes from the series.
Awards
The episode was nominated for two Emmy Awards, in the categories "Outstanding Music Composition for a Series" (for the score by Jay Chattaway) and "Outstanding Hairstyling for a Series".
Home media release
The first home media release of "Our Man Bashir" was as a two-episode VHS cassette alongside "The Sword of Kahless" in the United Kingdom on June 13, 1996, followed in the United States and Canada by a single-episode release on October 3, 2000. It was later released on DVD as part of the season four box set on August 5, 2003.
Footnotes
References
External links
1995 American television episodes
Holography in television
Star Trek: Deep Space Nine (season 4) episodes
Television episodes written by Ronald D. Moore |
5396367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sergej%20Ignatov | Sergej Ignatov | Sergei Ignatov (in Russian Сергей Игнатов) (born 1950 in Chemnitz, Germany) is a Russian juggler, known as "The Poet of Juggling", notable for his numbers juggling.
At his prime during the 1970–90 period, Sergei Ignatov worked with up to 7 large balls in his performance, and 9 in practice. He frequently performed 11 rings in his act, and juggled them for 22 catches in his practice. Also in his show was 5 clubs. Ignatov is notable for his five club backcrosses, where he would throw the clubs crossing behind his back and over his shoulder while walking in a circle.
He is the uncle of noted juggler Burt Blague.
See also
List of jugglers
Burt Blague
References
External links
Juggling.org
Jugglers
1950 births
Living people |
4001240 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn%20Mitchell%20%28sports%20broadcaster%29 | Glenn Mitchell (sports broadcaster) | Glenn Mitchell (born 15 March 1963) is a former sports commentator and writer for the Australian Broadcasting Corporation
Commentary career
He joined ABC Sport in Perth in January 1990.
He commentated at four Olympic Games – Atlanta 1996, Sydney 2000, Athens 2004, Beijing 2008 – principally calling cycling and co-hosted the coverage of the opening and closing ceremonies in Athens and Beijing.
He also commentated the track and field for ABC-TV at the 1996 and 2000 Summer Paralympics and worked on four Commonwealth Games – Kuala Lumpur 1998, Manchester 2002, Melbourne 2006 and Delhi 2010 – calling cycling and co-hosting the opening and closing ceremonies at each.
Mitchell commentated nearly 200 Test and limited overs cricket matches, covering 13 overseas tours to England, South Africa, India, Sri Lanka, New Zealand and the United Arab Emirates.
He was well known for his repartee on air with former Australian Test spinner, Kerry O'Keeffe.
Mitchell called over 900 AFL and WAFL Australian rules football games for the ABC on both television and radio and NBL and WNBL basketball on both mediums.
During his career with the ABC he commentated over 20 sports including world championships in cycling, water polo and triathlon.
Since leaving the ABC Mitchell has worked as a freelancer in the media commentating cricket on radio and television for the South African Broadcasting Corporation and Australian Football on radio stations 6PR and 6IX, as well as weekly appearances on Sky News and Mix 94.5 and a regular contributor to BBC Five Live. He is also a columnist for sports website, The Roar.
Personal life
On 26 May 2011, Mitchell resigned from the ABC following a mental breakdown.
Since leaving the ABC he has conducted numerous mental health presentations around Western Australia calling on his own experiences to help remove the stigma associated with mental illness.
In 1998 he wrote Pursuing Excellence, a biography of Western Australia's sportswomen for the Women's Sport Foundation of Western Australia.
He was awarded the Australian Sports Medal by the Governor-General of Australia for services to sport in November 2000.
He is married to ABC Grandstand and television presenter, Karen Tighe. The couple have a son.
References
External links
Australian cricket commentators
Australian rules football commentators
Australian radio personalities
People from Perth, Western Australia
Living people
Cycling announcers
1963 births |
5396371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20Bogan | Elias Bogan | Elias Bogan is a fictional mutant character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. His first appearance was in X-Treme X-Men #21 (fully). He was created by Chris Claremont.
Fictional character biography
The mutant known as Elias Bogan is a wealthy powerful recluse. The rumor is that he was the inspiration for the original founding chapter of the Hellfire Club in the 1780s. He was the first Lord Imperial but held no rank in New York branch of the Club. Still he was regarded a most formidable member of the Club and in one point there was a wager between the new Black King of the Inner Circle, Sebastian Shaw and Oliver Ryland, pawn of Elias Bogan. If Bogan had won, Emma Frost, an omega-level telepath and the then-White Queen of the Club, would belong to him, and if Shaw would win, his fortune would be made. With the help of his advisor Tessa, Shaw achieved the impossible and beat Ryland in a poker game. Bogan honored the wager but held a grudge against Tessa.
Years later, Bogan exacted his revenge on Tessa by capturing her and branding her face with bleeding eyes marks, which is what usually happens to people being possessed by Bogan. Shaw could have ransomed her, at the cost of everything he owned, but the price was too much for him and Shaw abandoned Tessa. Surprisingly, Tessa was saved by Storm of the X-Men.
Following a murder at Bogan's estate in Alaska, he followed the perpetrator Jeffrey Garrett to the Xavier Institute. There he took possession of Emma Frost. He also encountered and captured Tessa, now Sage of the X-Men, along with Bishop and other students of the school, and held in the Danger Room. Upon meeting their leader Storm, Bogan tried to take control of her and was unsuccessful.
During this incident, Bogan briefly gained full access to the X-Men’s Cerebra, which succeeded with the help of Bogan’s telepath slave, Rachel Summers, a former X-Man herself. The X-Men didn’t learn about her involvement before coming into conflict with Bogan once again, this time in Valle Soleada, California, which Bogan sought to turn into his own private hunting preserve, believing that no one would ever find him there. Bogan had a secret base in the catacombs under the local X-Corporation headquarters. A century before, the secret home of the Los Angeles branch of the Hellfire Club, built by Elias Bogan, had stood in its place. The X-Men confronted lawyers and mercenaries employed by Bogan several times before succeeding in infiltrating his base and gaining the possession of a crystal that held Bogan’s and Rachel’s essences inside it. Rachel Summers was freed and the crystal shattered, but Bogan managed to escape again. Bogan attacked again the following day, but the psychic attack made Magma, of the X-Corporation, destroy the catacombs and the X-Corporation headquarters with molten lava.
Comics characters introduced in 2001
Comics characters introduced in 2003
Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers
Marvel Comics supervillains
Marvel Comics mutants
Marvel Comics telepaths
Fictional businesspeople
Fictional characters with spirit possession or body swapping abilities
Characters created by Chris Claremont
Characters created by Salvador Larroca |
4001243 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Kaye%20%28politician%29 | John Kaye (politician) | John Kaye (23 October 1955–2 May 2016) was an Australian politician. He was elected to the New South Wales Legislative Council at the 2007 state election and represented the Greens. He was a vocal critic of electricity industry privatisation and a strong advocate for renewable energy and energy efficiency. He believed in life-long, high quality, and free public education and was a determined spokesperson for public schools as well as Colleges of Technical and Further Education (TAFE).
Early career
After gaining a Bachelor of Engineering and a Masters in Engineering Science at the University of Melbourne, Kaye worked as an engineer for the State Electricity Commission of Victoria.
Kaye earned a PhD from the University of California, Berkeley. He was then a postdoctoral fellow at the Australian National University, and later an academic in electrical engineering at the University of New South Wales where he specialised in sustainable energy and greenhouse issues.
Political career
After leaving the Labor Party in the late 1980s, Kaye worked for independent community candidates and developed a passion for "sensible urban planning, genuine community consultation and participatory democracy" and he joined the Greens Party in 1997.
From 1998 to 2001, Kaye was the Greens policy coordinator and, from 1999 to 2002, was policy advisor to Greens MLC Lee Rhiannon, leading campaigns for public education; sustainable transport; the urban, rural, and natural environments; workers' rights; and developer donations to political parties. In the 2003 state election, he acted as the Greens campaign coordinator and policy coordinator.
In the 2004 federal election Kaye was the Greens lead candidate for the Australian Senate from New South Wales. As lead candidate, the Greens vote increased to 7.3% but, due to less-favourable preference flows, he failed to gain a seat by a margin of 0.5%.
At the 2007 state election he was elected as the second candidate on a Greens ticket headed by Lee Rhiannon.
Kaye's portfolio responsibilities included Premier & Cabinet, Treasury, Finance, Education and Training, Energy, Health Services, Science & Medical Research, Water Utilities, Fair Trading, Gaming and Racing, Infrastructure, and Commerce.
Death
In February 2016, Kaye was diagnosed with an aggressive form of cancer. He had been undergoing treatment, but died on 2 May 2016, aged 60. He was survived by his partner Lynne, his sister Dina, and brothers Andrew and Stephen. Kaye is buried at Waverley Cemetery.
References
External links
John Kaye's homepage
1955 births
2016 deaths
Australian Greens members of the Parliament of New South Wales
Members of the New South Wales Legislative Council
University of New South Wales faculty
University of Melbourne alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
Deaths from cancer in New South Wales
21st-century Australian politicians |
5396385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nun%20Kun | Nun Kun | Nun Kun is a mountain massif of the greater Himalayan range, located on the border of Jammu and Kashmir and Ladakh in northern India. It consists of two main peaks: Nun () and Kun (), separated from each other by a 4 km long snowy plateau, with a third peak of the massif, known as Pinnacle Peak (), lying at its eastern end. Nun is the tallest peak of Jammu and Kashmir, while its sister peak Kun lies in Ladakh. It is about 250 km (160 mi) east of Srinagar. The Nun Kun massif is bounded to the north by the Suru valley and the Zanskar range, flanked to the east by the Pensi La (4400 m), which separates the Suru and Zanskar Valleys, while the Kishtwar National Park and the Krash Nai river lie to its south. The rocks predominantly are stratified sedimentary rocks composed of shale and sandstone. Metamorphic rocks and granite formations are also seen at places. The area is rich in minerals especially garnets.
Mountaineering
Early exploration of the massif included a visit in 1898 and three visits by Arthur Neve, in 1902, 1904, and 1910. In 1903, Dutch mountaineer Dr. H. Sillem investigated the massif and discovered the high plateau between the peaks; he reached an altitude of 6,400 m (21,000 ft) on Nun. In 1906, noted explorer couple Fanny Bullock Workman and her husband William Hunter Workman, claimed an ascent of Pinnacle Peak. They also toured extensively through the massif and produced a map; however, controversy surrounded the Workmans' claims, and few trigonometrical points were given for the region, so that the map they produced was not usable.
After unsuccessful attempts to climb the mountain in 1934, 1937, and 1946 the first ascent of Nun was in 1953 by a French-Swiss-Indian-Sherpa team led by Bernard Pierre and Pierre Vittoz, via the west ridge. The summit pair comprised Vittoz, a Moravian missionary to the Tibetans and an experienced alpinist, and Claude Kogan, a pioneering female mountaineer. Since then, other routes have been pioneered. The north-west face was first ascended on 27 October. and 28., 1976 by seven climbers from a Czech expedition, led by F. Čejka. The first British ascent was made by Steve Berry and friends via the east ridge in 1981 (his father had attempted Nun in 1946).
Italian mountaineer Mario Piacenza made the first ascent of Kun in 1913, via the north-east ridge. Fifty-eight years passed before the second recorded attempt on the peak, which resulted in a successful ascent by an expedition from the Indian Army.
A comprehensive geographic and topographical description along with a history of climbing Mt Nun can be found in the 2018 issue of the Himalayan Journal.
The massif is most conveniently accessed from the road connecting Kargil and Leh. The roadhead from the West is Tangol, approximately a 2 hr drive from Kargil. The route goes through the villages of Sankoo and Panikhar.
The mountain has the North ridge, the longest that splits into North West and North East ridge at around 500m below the summit. the Northwest Ridge splits the Kangriz Glacier into West and East. The South ridge drops from the mountain after 500m giving way to the formidable South wall. The West ridge, is more direct and accessible by climbing the snow wall on the West face. This is reached by traversing the snow field of the Kangriz glacier after climbing the ice wall of the Kangriz Glacier West reached from the base camp (4600m) typically established in the upper Sentik Valley.
References
External links
Suru and Zanskar valley
Topography of Nun Kun ex Geographical Journal 1920
Seven-thousanders of the Himalayas
Climbing areas of India
Geography of Ladakh
Mountains of Ladakh
Kargil district |
4001245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thayatheru | Thayatheru | Thayatheru is a small place in Kannur district of Kerala state, South India. Thayatheru means "the street below". It is near Kannur and is easily accessible via National Highway 17 (NH 17).
Thayatheru is mainly a residential area with a large Muslim population. The major Malayalam newspaper, Malayala Manorama, has its Kannur district office in Thayatheru. The Malabar Chamber of Commerce, Kannur is also near Thayatheru.
See also
Kannur City
Kannur
References
Suburbs of Kannur |
4001247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PPGI | PPGI | PPGI is pre-painted galvanised iron, also known as pre-coated steel, coil coated steel, color coated steel etc., typically with a hot dip zinc coated steel substrate.
The term is an extension of GI which is a traditional abbreviation for Galvanized Iron. Today the term GI typically refers to essentially pure zinc (>99%) continuously hot dip coated steel, as opposed to batch dip processes. PPGI refers to factory pre-painted zinc coated steel, where the steel is painted before forming, as opposed to post painting which occurs after forming.
The hot dip metallic coating process is also used to manufacture steel sheet and coil with coatings of aluminium, or alloy coatings of zinc/aluminium, zinc/iron and zinc/aluminium/magnesium which may also be factory pre-painted. While GI may sometimes be used as a collective term for various hot dip metallic coated steels, it more precisely refers only to zinc coated steel. Similarly, PPGI may sometimes be used as a general term for a range of metallic coated steels that have been pre-painted, but more often refers more precisely to pre-painted zinc coated steel.
Zinc coated steel substrate for PPGI is typically produced on a continuous galvanizing line (CGL). The CGL may include a painting section after the hot dip galvanising section, or more commonly the metallic coated substrate in coil form is processed on a separate continuous paint line (CPL). Metallic coated steel is cleaned, pre-treated, applied with various layers of organic coatings which can be paints, vinyl dispersions, or laminates. The continuous process used to apply these coatings is often referred to as Coil Coating.
The steel thus produced in this process is a prepainted, prefinished and ready for further processing into finished products or components. to use material.
The coil coating process may be used for other substrates such as aluminium, or aluminium, stainless steel or alloy coated steel other than "pure" zinc coated steel. However, only "pure" zinc coated steel is typically referred to as PPGI. For example, PPGL may be used for pre-painted 55%Al/Zn alloy-coated steel (pre-painted GALVALUME(r) steel*)
Over 30 million tons of such coated steel is produced today in over 300 coating lines just in Boxing which is a little county in North of China.
China, South Korea and Taiwan are the top 3 producers of PPGI steel according to PPGI marketplace platform http://www.buyppgi.com
Steels |
4001248 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrotherapeutics | Electrotherapeutics | Electrotherapeutics is a general term for the use of electricity in therapeutics, i.e. in the alleviation and cure of disease. It is used as a treatment, like electroconvulsive therapy and TENS.
In the technical working of medical electrolysis the most minute precautions are required. The solution of the drug must be made with as pure water as possible, recently distilled. The spongy substance forming the electrode must be free from any trace of electrolytic substances. Hence all materials used must be washed in distilled water. Absorbent cotton answers all requirements and is easily procured. The area of introduction can be exactly circumscribed by cutting a hole in a sheet of adhesive plaster which is applied to the skin and on which the electrolytic electrodes are pressed. The great advantage of electrolytic methods is that it enables general treatment to be replaced by a strictly local treatment, and the cells can be saturated exactly to the degree and depth required.
Strong antiseptics and materials that coagulate albumen cannot be introduced locally by ordinary methods, as the skin is impermeable to them, but by electrolysis they can be introduced to the exact depth required. The local effects of the ions depend on the dosage; thus a feeble dose of the ions of zinc stimulates the growth of hair, but a stronger dose produces the death of the tissue. Naturally the different ions produce different effects.
Electrolysis can also be used for extracting from the body such ions as are injurious, as uric and oxalic acid from a patient suffering from gout.
References
Medical treatments
ca:Electroteràpia
de:Elektrotherapie
es:Electroterapia
fr:Électrothérapie
pl:Elektroterapia
fi:Elektroterapia
vi:Điện xung trị liệu |
4001249 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20HEW%20Cyclassics | 2005 HEW Cyclassics | These are the results for the 2005 edition of the HEW Cyclassics cycling classic, held in Hamburg, Germany. Filippo Pozzato ensured that the tradition that nobody has won this race twice was maintained.
General Standings
31-07-2005: Hamburg, 250 km
External links
Race website
2005
HEW Cyclassics
2005 in German sport |
5396398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugen%20Levin%C3%A9 | Eugen Leviné | Eugen Leviné () (10 May 1883 – 5 June 1919), AKA "Dr. Eugen Leviné," was a German communist revolutionary and one of the leaders of the short-lived Second Bavarian Soviet Republic.
Background
Eugen Leviné was born on May 10, 1883, in St. Petersburg into the rich Jewish merchant family of Julius and Rozalia (née Goldberg). Julius Leviné died when Eugen was three years old, and Rozalia emigrated to Germany with her son, settling in Wiesbaden and Mannheim. Eugen went on to study law at the Heidelberg University. While a student there, he remained in touch with Russia.
Career
1905 revolution
Leviné returned to Russia to participate in the failed revolution of 1905 against the Tsar. For his actions, he was exiled to Siberia. He eventually escaped to Germany and began studying at Heidelberg University and married in 1915. For a short time, he served in the Imperial German Army during the First World War.
1919 Bavarian Soviet Republic
After the war ended, Leviné joined the Communist Party of Germany (KPD), which, under Paul Levi, who sent first Max Levien in December 1918 and then Leviné, first to Upper Silesia to quell an uprising and then in March 1918 to Munich to organize the KPD locally and help to create a socialist republic in Bavaria. Neither Lieven or Leviné had much revolutionary experience. The republic lasted only several weeks, replaced quickly by a Soviet-style republic after the assassination of Kurt Eisner, then leader of the Independent Social Democratic Party of Germany (USPD).
The ruling government of the new republic lasted only six days, due to poor leadership under the German-Jewish playwright Ernst Toller.
Coup
On April 13, 1919, a "Red Army," led by Leviné and without KPD orders or approval, won clashes with the Toller's soldiers, created a second soviet republic with Leviné at its head, who then received approval and support directly from Lenin.
Leviné attempted to expropriate luxurious flats to the homeless and seize factories and place them under workers control. He also planned to remove teaching of history from education, and to abolish paper money, neither of which he completed. He introduced censorship and a "military-style" government, while also revamping education and declaring the Munich Frauenkirche a revolutionary temple. These actions followed inquiries from Lenin as to whether Leviné had assumed control of banks and taken bourgeois hostages.
Under orders from Leviné, Red Guards began rounding up people they considered to be hostile to the new regime as hostages against imminent outside attack.
On April 27, 1919, Leviné stepped down ("abdicated") as leader of the Soviet.
As the German president Friedrich Ebert gave orders to subdue the Bavarian Soviet Republic and reinstate the Bavarian government under Johannes Hoffmann, the Red Guards executed eight hostages on April 29, 1919.
Countercoup, arrest, trial
The German Army, assisted by Freikorps, with a force of roughly 39,000 men invaded and quickly conquered Munich on 3 May 1919 in a "White Terror." Leviné personally took part in the street fighting against them. In retaliation for the execution of the hostages, the Freikorps captured and killed some 700 men and women. Leviné evaded arrest at first, perhaps by hiding in the apartment of Erich Katzenstein. Leviné was caught on May 19, 1919 (or arrested on May 13, 1919)). Public interest in his trial was high. On May 19, 1919, Albert Einstein sent a joint telegram asking the courts to delay Leviné's trial. Leviné was tried along with Toller in early June 1919; Max Hirschberg refused to serve as his legal counsel, but Anton Graf von Pestalozza accepted. On Jun 3, 1919, the courts, calling him a "foreign interloper in Bavaria," sentenced Leviné to death by execution. Soldiers, bureaucrats, and members of the public passed by to see the "blood-thirsty Robespierre" while he awaited execution, his wife later reported.
Speech
Leviné gave an inspiring speech during his trial. Its words included: We Communists are all dead men on leave. Of this I am fully aware. I do not know if you will extend my leave or whether I shall have to join Karl Liebknecht and Rosa Luxemburg. In any case I await your verdict with composure and inner serenity. For I know that, whatever your verdict, events cannot be stopped.
Aftermath
In reaction to the two Bavarian socialist republics, whose leaders included many Jews, Bavaria, which was already conservative and anti-Semitic, became even more so. One of the people affected was Reiner Maria Rilke, who left Munich after soldiers ransacked his apartment.
Personal life and death
In 1915, Leviné married Rosa Broido (from the Polish town of Gródek), who married Ernst Meyer (1887-1930) and so became known as Meyer-Leviné, and then fled Germany when Hitler came to power and live the rest of her life in London (1890-1979). The Levinés had at least one child, a son, whom they named Eugen.
Stephen Eric Bronner considers Leviné a follower of Rosa Luxemburg (for seeking "to provide a legacy for the next generation," knowing "the soviet was doomed") and characterized him as follows: He incarnated the best of the Bolshevik spirit. He was unyielding and dogmatic, but an honest intellectual and totally committed to the most radical utopian ideals of international revolution... [and] aldo exhibited exceptional bravery." Leviné was arrested and shot, age 36, on June 5 (or 6), 1919, by firing squad in Stadelheim Prison. Lawyer von Pestalozza arranged a Jewish funeral for the Marxist revolutionary.
Works
Books by Eugen Leviné
Ahasver, Rede vor Gericht, u. anderes (Wandering Jew, Speech in Court, and Others) (1919)
Skizzen, Rede vor Gericht und Anderes (Sketches, Speech in Court, and Others) (1925)
Stimmen der Völker zum Krieg (Voices of the Nations on War) (1925)
Books by wife Rosa Meyer-Leviné
Aus der Münchener Rätezeit (1925)
Sovetskaia respublika v Miunkhene (1926)
Leviné: Leben und Tod eines Revolutionärs (1972)
Leviné: The Life of a Revolutionary (1973)
Leviné, the Spartacist (1978)
Im Inneren Kreis: Erinnerungen Einer Kommunistin in Deutschland, 1920-1933 (1979)
Near-contemporary books on Leviné
Eugen Leviné (1922)
Evgeny Levine (1927)
Broeder, ik kan de brief niet aannemen (undated)
Influence
Max Hirshberg remembered Leviné as "far superior" to Levien "in learning and spiritual purpose" but believed both had committed blindly to the "correctness of Russian methods."
In 1948, American ex-Soviet agent and later anti-communist Whittaker Chambers cited Leviné as one of three men who inspired him to join the Communist Party USA during testimony before the House Un-American Activities Committee, quoted in his 1952 memoir: Then I said: "When I was a Communist, I had three heroes. One was a Russian. One was a Pole. One was a German Jew. "The German Jew was Eugen Levine. He was a Communist. During the Bavarian Soviet Republic in 1919, Levine was the organizer of the Workers and Soldiers Soviets. When the Bavarian Soviet Republic was crushed, Levine was captured and courtmartialed. The court-martial told him: 'You are under sentence of death.' Levine answered: 'We Communists are always under sentence of death.'"In 2017, Michael Löwy placed Leviné in a group of Jewish libertarians including Hans Köhn, Rudolph Kayser, and Erich Unger, as well as Toller and Manes Sperber.
See also
Paul Levi
Max Levien
Bavarian Soviet Republic
People's State of Bavaria
German Revolution of 1918–1919
Revolutions of 1917–1923
References
External links
Speech
Images of Levine:
A. Hoerle poster "Leviné" (undated)
Half-tone photo of Leviné (undated)
Portrait of Leviné (1929.06.10)
Photo of Leviné ("erschossen") (1919)
Half-tone photo of Leviné (1920.06)
1883 births
1919 deaths
People from Saint Petersburg
People from Sankt-Peterburgsky Uyezd
Russian Jews
Bavarian Soviet Republic
Communist Party of Germany politicians
Executed German people
Executed heads of state
Executed revolutionaries
Emigrants from the Russian Empire to Germany
Independent Social Democratic Party politicians
Jewish German politicians
Jewish socialists
People executed by Germany by firing squad
People executed by the Weimar Republic
People of the Russian Revolution
Social Democratic Party of Germany politicians |
5396401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Little%20Angel | My Little Angel | "My Little Angel" is a popular song, published in 1956. "My Little Angel" was the flip side to "Standing on the Corner".
Chart performance
The recording by The Four Lads (made February 29, 1956) was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40674. It first reached the Billboard charts on April 28, 1956. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at number 24; on the Best Seller chart, at number 22; and on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached number 30.
References
1956 singles
The Four Lads songs
1956 songs
Columbia Records singles |
5396406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scipio%20Moorhead | Scipio Moorhead | Scipio Moorhead (active c. 1773-after 1775) was an enslaved African-American artist who lived in Boston, Massachusetts. Moorhead is known through the contemporary African-American poet Phillis Wheatley's poem, dedicated "To S. M. a young African Painter, on seeing his Works", published in Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral, 1773. His full name was learned from period marginalia.
Moorhead was a slave of the Reverend John Moorhead of Boston, Massachusetts. His talents for drawing were tutored by the reverend's wife Sarah Moorhead, who was an art teacher. Although a slave, Scipio Moorhead enjoyed many of the rights of free workers. No original work by Scipio has survived, but he may be the person referred to the a Boston News-Letter advertisement on January 7, 1773, which spoke of a "negro artist... A negro of extraordinary genius."
It is possible that the copperplate engraving of Phillis Wheatley that adorns much of her published poetry is his creation. In the 19th century Wheatley's fame was revived by Massachusetts abolitionists and many stories about her were recovered through oral history, but Moorhead was never mentioned, so the attribution to him is uncertain; it was first publicly suggested by the Wheatley scholar William H. Robinson in 1984. However, it has been recognized that the portrait is extremely unusual. It resembles contemporary portraits by the famous Bostonian painter John Singleton Copley, but unlike any of Copley's work, it portrays a woman writing a poem and deep in thought. The novelty of the portrait was recognized and imitated by Bostonian printers when it was engraved for an edition of Wheatley's poetry in 1773, but the artist's name was never mentioned. It is the first frontispiece depicting a woman writer in American history, and possibly the first ever portrait of an American woman in the act of writing.
Scipio was auctioned in January 1775 as part of an estate sale. The advertised location of the slave auction, near the Liberty Tree, was deplored by the 19th century abolition movement. In the 1780s slaves in Massachusetts successfully sued for freedom which led to a general abolition, but it is unknown if Scipio was ever freed, as his buyer was unrecorded and no record of his whereabouts after 1775 has been located.
See also
List of enslaved people
References
1700s births
18th-century American slaves
18th-century American painters
Year of death unknown
African-American painters |
5396418 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unreal | Unreal | Unreal may refer to:
Books and TV
Unreal (short story collection), a 1985 book of short stories by Paul Jennings
Unreal (TV series), a 2015 television drama series on Lifetime
Computing and games
Unreal (video game series), various computer games set in the Unreal universe
Unreal (1998 video game), first-person shooter computer game from the series
Unreal (1990 video game), a 1990 game published by Ubisoft
Unreal Engine, a widely used game engine upon which the Unreal games among others are built
Unreal (demo), a 1992 computer programming demo by Future Crew
UnrealIRCd, an Internet Relay Chat daemon
Music
Albums
Unreal (End of You album), 2006
Unreal (Flumpool album), 2008
UnReal (My Ticket Home album), 2017
Unreal!!!, by Ray Stevens, 1970
Unreal, by Bloodstone, 1973
Songs
"Unreal" (song), by Ill Niño, 2002
"Unreal", by Dreamworld, 1995
"Unreal", by Gord Bamford from Country Junkie, 2013
"Unreal", by Soil from Scars, 2001
"Unreal", by Unkle from Psyence Fiction'', 1998
See also |
4001251 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catholic%20Church%20in%20Norway | Catholic Church in Norway | The Catholic Church in Norway is part of the worldwide Catholic Church, under the spiritual leadership of the Pope, the Curia in Rome and the Scandinavian Bishops Conference.
There were, as of May 2014, over 151,000 registered Catholics in Norway. It is claimed there are many Catholics who are not registered with their personal identification number and who are not reported by the local church; the full number may be as high as 230,000, 70% of whom were born abroad. That constitutes about 5% of the population, making Norway the most Catholic country in Nordic Europe.
However, in early 2015, the Bishop of Oslo was charged with fraud for reporting to the government as many as 65,000 names of people claimed as members of the church who had not actually signed up. As the government gives a subsidy to religious organizations according to the number of members, the diocese was ordered to repay the government. The government reports for January 2015 that there were 95,655 registered Catholics, down from the 140,109 reported for January 2014.
Structure
The country is divided into three Church districts – the Diocese of Oslo and the prelatures of Trondheim and Tromsø, and these three consist of 38 parishes. At least two more are about to come, a fourth one in the city of Oslo (St. Martin) and one in Valdres (St. Thomas, by now a chapel district), both in the diocese of Oslo. At least one more parish has been planned in Bergen for several years, but the plans remain on hold. The Catholic Church is the second largest religious community in Norway by number of registered members.
Four religious orders have returned to Norway: the Cistercians, Dominicans, the Poor Clares, and the Trappistines. In 2007, monks from the Abbey of Cîteaux dedicated a new monastery at Frol near Levanger in Nord-Trøndelag, naming it Munkeby Mariakloster. Trappistine nuns, likewise, bought land near the ruins of a pre-Reformation monastery on the island of Tautra in the Trondheimsfjord, moved to the site and built a new cloister, workplace, guesthouse and chapel, calling the new monastery Tautra Mariakloster. In addition to these four, 17 other orders are also working in the country, for instance the Sisters of St. Francis Xavier (Franciskussøstre), which is a unique order as it was founded in Norway in 1901. The Benedictines, who had a monastery on the island of Selja in the Medieval ages, were asked to return to Norway.
The bishops of Oslo, Trondheim and Tromsø participate in the Scandinavian Bishops Conference. There used to be several Catholic hospitals and schools around the country. There was also a Catholic orphanage in Oslo. But, between 1967 and 1989, the Socialist government in Norway bought most of the Catholic (and other private) hospitals by force and condemned the remainder. Almost all the schools were closed due to low enrollment except for some in Oslo, Arendal and Bergen.
Nowadays, the Catholic welfare institutions in Norway are limited. There are no Catholic hospitals or orphanages remaining, but the number of Catholic schools is increasing. In addition to the three schools mentioned above, a new elementary school has opened in Bodø. There is Catholic high school in Bergen, and an elementary school is planned for Drammen. The Sisters of Saint Elizabeth operated St. Elizabeth's home for elderly in Oslo, until it was completely destroyed by fire in December 2014.
Fransiskushjelpen (St. Francis Aid), a charity established in 1956 and run by Franciscans, remains active; Caritas Europa has an office in Oslo.
Origin
The Catholic Church in Norway is almost as old as the kingdom itself, dating from approximately A.D. 900, with the first Christian monarchs, Haakon I from 934. The country is considered to have officially converted upon the death of the king St. Olav at the Battle of Stiklestad in 1030. The subsequent Christianisation took several hundred years.
Largely the work of Anglo-Saxon missionaries, the Norwegian Church has been considered the only daughter of English Catholicism. Cardinal Nicholas Breakspear, later Pope Adrian IV, established a church province in 1152, the Archdiocese of Nidaros (Trondheim).
Reformation to 1843
The Lutheran Reformation in Norway lasted from 1526 to 1537. Catholic Church property and the personal property of Catholic priests were confiscated by the Crown. Catholic priests were exiled and imprisoned unless they submitted to conversion to the Danish king's faith. Bishop Jon Arason of Holar, executed in 1550, was the last Catholic bishop of Iceland (until the establishment of the Diocese of Reykjavik in 1923). The Bishop of Hamar from 1513 to 1537, Mogens Lauritssøn, was imprisoned until his death in 1542.
Many traditions from the Catholic Middle Ages continued for centuries more. In the late 18th century and into the 19th century, a strict and puritan interpretation of the Lutheran faith, inspired by the preacher Hans Nielsen Hauge, spread through Norway, and popular religious practices turned more purely Lutheran. The Catholic Church per se, however, was not allowed to operate in Norway between 1537 and 1843, and throughout most of this period, Catholic priests faced execution. In 1582, the scattered Catholics in Norway and elsewhere in Northern Europe were placed under the jurisdiction of a papal nuncio in Cologne, however, with threatening punishment Catholic pastoring could not materialise. In the late 16th century, a few incidents of crypto-Catholicism occurred within the Lutheran Church of Norway. However, these were isolated incidents.
The Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith, on its establishment in 1622, took charge of the vast Northern European missionary field, which – at its third session – it divided among the nuncio of Brussels (for the Catholics in Denmark and Norway), the nuncio at Cologne (much of Northern Germany) and the nuncio to Poland (Finland, Mecklenburg, and Sweden).
In 1688, Norway became part of the Apostolic Vicariate of the Nordic Missions. The Paderborn bishops functioned as administrators of the apostolic vicariate. Christiania (Oslo) had an illegal but tolerated Catholic congregation in the 1790s. In 1834, the Catholic missions in Norway became part of the Apostolic Vicariate of Sweden, seated in the Swedish capital of Stockholm. In 1843, the Norwegian Parliament passed a religious tolerance act providing for limited religious freedom and allowing for legal non-Lutheran public religious services for the first time since the Reformation.
Since legalisation in 1843
The first parish after the Reformation was established in the capital in 1843; a few years later Catholic places of worship were opened in Alta (Finnmark), Tromsø and Bergen. Whereas Norway north of the polar circle became the Apostolic Prefecture of the North Pole in 1855, the rest of Norway stayed with the Swedish vicariate. When a new Norwegian Catholic missionary jurisdiction was established, it was not at any of the ancient episcopal sees but a mission “sui iuris” on 7 August 1868, created out of parts of North Pole prefecture and the Norwegian part of the Swedish vicariate. On 17 August 1869, the mission became the Apostolic Prefecture of Norway. On 11 March 1892, the Apostolic Prefecture of Norway was promoted to Apostolic Vicariate of Norway, with an altered name as the Apostolic Vicariate of Norway and Spitsbergen between 1 June 1913 and 15 December 1925. In 1897, the constitutional ban on religious orders was lifted, which in time led to the establishment of several communities and monasteries.
On 10 April 1931, the Apostolic Vicariate of Norway was divided into three separate Catholic jurisdictions:
Southern Norway: Apostolic Vicariate of Oslo (extant 1931–1953), upgraded to the Diocese of Oslo in 1953
Central Norway: Its jurisdiction (called Missionary District of Central Norway, 1931–1935; Apostolic Prefecture of Central Norway, 1935–1953; Apostolic Vicariate of Central Norway, 1953–1979) became the Prelature of Trondheim in 1979.
Norway north of the polar circle: Its jurisdiction (called Missionary District of Northern Norway, 1931–1944; Apostolic Prefecture of Northern Norway, 1944–1955; Apostolic Vicariate of Northern Norway, 1955–1979) now forms the Prelature of Tromsø.
Sigrid Undset
In November 1924 the well-known Norwegian writer Sigrid Undset was received into the Catholic Church after thorough instruction from the Catholic priest in her local parish. She was 42 years old. She subsequently became a lay Dominican. It was the culmination of a long process whereby Undset – raised as a nominal Lutheran and for many years an agnostic – had experienced a crisis of faith due to the horrors of the First World War combined with the failure of her marriage. At the time of her move towards Catholicism she also wrote two series of historical novels, Kristin Lavransdatter and The Master of Hestviken, which take place in medieval times when Norway had been a Catholic country, as well as having studied Old Norse manuscripts and medieval chronicles and visited and examined medieval churches and monasteries, both at home and abroad. In Norway, Undset's conversion to Catholicism was not only considered sensational; it was scandalous. At the time, there were very few practicing Catholics in Norway, which was an almost exclusively Lutheran country. Anti-Catholicism was widespread not only among the Lutheran clergy, but through large sections of the population. Likewise, there was just as much anti-Catholic scorn among the Norwegian intelligentsia, many of whom were adherents of socialism and communism. The attacks against her faith and character were quite vicious at times, with the result that Undset's literary gifts were aroused in response. For many years, she participated in the public debate, going out of her way to defend the Catholic Church. In response, she was swiftly dubbed "The Mistress of Bjerkebæk" and "The Catholic Lady".
Catholic immigrants
The Catholic Church remained very much a minority church of a few thousand people up to the decades following World War II. However, with increased immigration from the 1960s onwards, the Catholic Church grew quickly: from 6,000 in 1966 to 40,000 in 1996 and to over 200,000 in 2013.
At first, the immigrants came from Germany, the Netherlands, and France. Immigration from Chile, the Philippines, and from a wide range of other countries began in the 1970s. Among the largest groups are Vietnamese and Tamils. This development has further increased after 2008 with a high number of economic migrants from Poland and Lithuania. Poles, who number an estimated 120,000 as of 2006, are currently the largest group of Catholics in Norway.
Members
Membership inflation fraud conviction
In 2015, it was discovered that the Oslo Catholic Diocese had stated too high membership numbers in the period 2010 to 2014, and therefore received too many state subsidies. The diocese applied for and received state support on behalf of all the Catholic congregations in Norway, because it kept the centralised membership register for all the country's Catholic congregations. It emerged that employees in the Oslo Catholic Diocese had 'used the telephone directory to select names that appear Catholic', for example by appearing to be Polish or Spanish. The diocesan staff searched for the social security numbers of these people, entered them in the membership register and demanded state support for these alleged members. The County Governor of Oslo and later also the Ministry of Culture then demanded that the diocese return the funds that they had been wrongfully paid. The case ended in court, and both the district court on 20 November 2017 and the Court of Appeal on 13 March 2019 upheld the State's decision that the money, almost 40.6 million Norwegian kroner, should be repaid by the Catholic Church in Norway. Additionally, a 2 million kroner fine for gross fraud and just over 300,000 kroner for the state's legal costs for the appeal trial had to be paid by the Oslo Catholic Diocese.
List of Catholic parishes in Norway
In the Diocese of Oslo
Saint Olaf Cathedral, (Oslo) from 1843
Saint Paul, (Bergen) from 1858
Saint Peter (Halden) from 1870
Saint Bridget (Fredrikstad) from 1878
Our Lady of Good Counsel (Porsgrunn) from 1889
Saint Ansgar (Kristiansand) from 1890
Saint Hallvard, (Oslo) from 1890
Saint Svithun, (Stavanger) from 1898
Saint Lawrence (Drammen) from 1899
Saint Francis Xavier (Arendal) from 1911
Saint Torfinn (Hamar) from 1924
Saint Mary (Stabekk, Bærum) from 1926
Saint Joseph (Haugesund) from 1926
Saint Olaf (Tønsberg) from 1929
Saint Teresa (Hønefoss) from 1935
Saint Magnus (Lillestrøm) from 1952
St. Mary's Church (Lillehammer) from 1956
Saint Michael (Moss) from 1989
Saint Mary (Askim) from 1992
Saint Francis (Larvik)from 1993
Saint Thomas (Valdres), chapeldistrict from 2007
Saint Gudmund (Jessheim) from 2007
Saint Clare (Kongsvinger) from 2007
Saint John the Baptist (Sandefjord) from 2010
Saint John the Evangelist (Oslo) from 2013
Saint Elisabeth (Eikeli, Bærum) from 2018
In the Prelature of Tromsø
Our Lady (Tromsø) from 1859 (Cathedral)
Saint Michael (Hammerfest, including Saint Joseph, Alta (1855)) from 1874
Saint Sunniva (Harstad) from 1893
Holy Family (Stamsund) from 1935
Saint Augustine of Nidaros [St. Eystein] (Bodø) from 1951
Christ the King (Narvik) from 1988
Holy Spirit (Mosjøen) from 2003
In the Prelature of Trondheim
Sacred Heart (Trondheim) from 1872, merged with Saint Olaf in 1929
Saint Olaf (Trondheim) from 1902 (Cathedral)
Saint Sunniva (Molde) from 1923
Saint Augustine of Nidaros [St. Eystein] (Kristiansund) from 1934
Our Lady (Ålesund) from 1959
Saint Torfinn (Levanger) from 1964
See also
List of Christian monasteries in Norway
List of Catholic dioceses in Norway (Previous and present)
Churches
References
Sources
Official website of the Catholic Church of Norway, katolsk.no; accessed 21 September 2016.
Norway |
5396420 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OS2000 | OS2000 | Baget RTOS (rus. ОСРВ Багет) is a real-time operating system developed by the Scientific Research Institute of System Development of the Russian Academy of Sciences for a MIPS architecture (Baget-MIPS variant) and Intel board support packages (BSPs) (x86 architecture). Baget is intended for software execution in a hard real-time embedded systems (firmware).
X Window System (client and server) was ported to Baget. It also has ethernet support (Network File System (NFS), File Transfer Protocol (FTP), Telnet protocols), long filename File Allocation Table (VFAT) and a tar file systems, floppy disk drive (FDD) and hard disk drive (HDD) driver support. Several supported network cards are limited by some Realtek Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) and Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI) cards.
The development process is based on the following principles:
international standards compliance
portability
Scalability
Microkernel
Object-oriented programming
Cross-platform development
Standards compliance
Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX) 1003.1, standard (application programming interface (API)),
C standard programming language and libraries.
See also
Comparison of real-time operating systems
External links
NIISI RAS Baget RTOS
NIISI RAS
MCST-R500 1 GHz CPU for Baget RTOS
Real-time operating systems
Embedded operating systems
Microkernel-based operating systems
Microkernels
MIPS operating systems |
4001256 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relais%20%26%20Ch%C3%A2teaux | Relais & Châteaux | Relais & Châteaux is an association of individually owned and operated luxury hotels and restaurants. The group currently has about 580 members in 68 countries on five continents. Predominantly represented in Europe, the association is growing in North America, Asia and Africa. The current president is Philippe Gombert.
History and attributes
The association was established in France in 1954.
The group is known for its strict admission standards. In addition to luxurious facilities, members must have special features distinguishing them from chain hotels. Most of them are historic landmarks such as castles, manor houses, or townhouses in idyllic settings and offering exquisite haute cuisine.
Prospective and current members are evaluated by the group's traditional "five C" motto: Caractère, Courtoisie, Calme, Charme et Cuisine (Character, Courtesy, Calm, Charm and Cuisine).
Presidents
2013–present: Philippe Gombert
2005–2013: Jaume Tapies
1986–2005: Régis Bulot
1971–1986: Joseph Olivereau
References
External links
Relais & Châteaux website
Relais & Châteaux - About Us
Relais & Châteaux Africa
Hotel affiliation groups
1954 establishments in France |
5396428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arbeitseinsatz | Arbeitseinsatz | Arbeitseinsatz () was a forced labour category of internment within Nazi Germany () during World War II. When German men were called up for military service, Nazi German authorities rounded up civilians to fill in the vacancies and to expand manufacturing operations. Some labourers came from Germany but exponentially more from roundups (łapanka) in the German-occupied territories. Arbeitseinsatz was not restricted to the industry sector and to arms producing factories; it also took place, for example, in the farming sector, community services, and even in the churches.
Labour categories
There were many affected populations who could be grouped by various (often overlapping) variables such as geographic, ethnic, religious, political, and health categories. They included German political prisoners of the SA, Gestapo, and SS; foreign civilian men and women from occupied territories of Eastern Europe (Ostarbeiter); prisoners of war; institutionalized people (mentally or physically disabled people, or medical and psychiatric patients); and various ethnic, religious, or ethnoreligious groupings (for example, Jews, Sinti, Romani, Yeniche, and Jehovah's Witnesses). They lived in various kinds of camps, called labor camps (Arbeitslager in German) and concentration camps (Konzentrationslager [KZ] in German). Nazi concentration camps were often meant not only for forced labor but also extermination. In 1945 about 7.7 million workers in the German industry were of non-German origin. Many of them were very young, and about half of them were women.
Archival photographs
Notes
External links
Forced Laborers in the "Third Reich" by Ulrich Herbert
Interest Group for Former Forced Labourers under the Nazi Regime
German firms that used slave or forced labour during the Nazi era
Germany home front during World War II
Unfree labor during World War II
German words and phrases
Economy of Nazi Germany
cs:Totální nasazení
de:Zwangsarbeit in der Zeit des Nationalsozialismus
nl:Arbeitseinsatz |
5396431 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicol%C3%A1s%20Vuyovich | Nicolás Vuyovich | Nicolás Vuyovich (Orán, Salta, June 29, 1981 – Córdoba, Argentina, 8 May 2005) was a sportscar driver from Argentina.
Vuyovich died the same day he clinched his first win in TC2000 series at the wheel of Toyota Corolla. He was victim of a plane crash accident in Córdoba (when returning from San Juan) together with his team manager and other passengers.
External links
About the accident (Clarin.com) [in Spanish]
Dossier at TC2000.com.ar [in Spanish]
1981 births
2005 deaths
Argentine people of Montenegrin descent
Argentine racing drivers
Sportspeople from Salta Province
TC 2000 Championship drivers
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in Argentina
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 2005 |
5396463 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artery%20of%20the%20pterygoid%20canal | Artery of the pterygoid canal | The artery of the pterygoid canal (or Vidian artery) is an artery in the pterygoid canal, in the head.
It usually arises from the external carotid artery, but can arise from either the internal or external carotid artery or serve as an anastomosis between the two.
The eponym, Vidian artery, is derived from the Italian surgeon and anatomist Vidus Vidius.
From external carotid artery
In this case; the artery passes backward along the pterygoid canal with the corresponding nerve. It is distributed to the upper part of the pharynx and to the auditory tube, sending into the tympanic cavity a small branch which anastomoses with the other tympanic arteries.
It can end in the oropharynx.
From internal carotid artery
In this case; the artery passes backward along the pterygoid canal with the corresponding nerve. The artery is a small, inconstant branch which passes into the pterygoid canal and anastomoses with a pterygopalatine branch of the maxillary artery.
See also
Nerve of pterygoid canal
References
External links
http://neuroangio.org/anatomy-and-variants/mandibulovidian-artery/
Arteries of the head and neck |
4001257 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porome%20language | Porome language | Porome, also known as Kibiri, is a Papuan language of southern Papua New Guinea.
Classification
Porome was classified as a language isolate by Stephen Wurm. Although Malcolm Ross linked it to the Kiwaian languages, there is no evidence for a connection apart from the pronouns 1sg amo and 2sg do (cf. proto-Kiwaian *mo and *oro).
Distribution
There are over a thousand speakers in Babaguina (), Doibo (), Ero (), Paile, Tipeowo, and Wowa () villages in West Kikori Rural LLG and East Kikori Rural LLG of Gulf Province, near the Aird Hills and Kikori River tributaries.
Phonology
Porome has 9 native consonants. /s/ occurs in loanwords. There are no glottal consonants.
{| class="wikitable"
| p || t || k~g~ɣ
|-
| b || d ||
|-
| v || ||
|-
| m || n ||
|-
| || r ||
|-
| || (s) ||
|}
There are five vowels, which are /a, e, i, o, u/.
Like the surrounding languages, Porome is a tonal language. It has 5 tones.
High-level: kóí ‘cloth’
Low-level: kòì ‘selfish’
Rising: mèrí ‘road’
Falling: mérì ‘pandanus’
Peaking: pàkúmì ‘feather’
Pronouns
The independent pronouns and subject suffixes to the verb are as follows:
{|
! !!sg!!du!!pl
|-
!1
|amo, -me||amó-kai||amó, -ke/-ki
|-
!2
|do, -ke||aia-kai||a, -ka
|-
!3
|da, -a/-bV||abo-kai||abo, -abo
|}
Vocabulary
Selected Porome vocabulary from Petterson (2010):
Body parts
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Porome !! Gloss
|-
| kikimi || head
|-
| kikimikuro || hair
|-
| pakai || forehead
|-
| ipiri kukuro || eyebrow, eyelashes
|-
| ipiri || eye
|-
| obokera || ear
|-
| urubi || nose
|-
| koropi || tooth
|-
| beri || tongue
|-
| kakimoro || cheek
|-
| iri || hand
|-
| kaka || thumb
|-
| iri uraka || palm
|-
| upuruburowara || back
|-
| itari || back of neck (nape)
|-
| eimuro || breast
|-
| bamakai || chest
|-
| bakuri || belly
|-
| koupuri || shoulder
|-
| kunei || thigh
|-
| murikara || knee
|-
| warakero || leg
|-
| kakapu || foot
|}
Numerals
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Porome !! Gloss
|-
| tauri || 0
|-
| wakua || 1
|-
| kabirai || 2
|-
| wauteri || 3
|-
| kaka etekaro || 4
|-
| irikia wakua || 5
|-
| irikia wakua, muro wakua || 6
|-
| irikia wakua, muro kabirai || 7
|-
| irikia wakua, muro wauteri || 8
|-
| irikia wakua, muro kaka etekaro || 9
|-
| irikia kabirai || 10
|}
Village and society
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Porome !! Gloss
|-
| kuri || village
|-
| mapi || house
|-
| erei || fire
|-
| kumapi || stone
|-
| wawari || creek
|-
| meri || path
|-
| penoni || bridge
|-
| moia || men
|-
| eria || women
|-
| kari || boys
|-
| mibu || girls
|}
Nature and environment
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Porome !! Gloss
|-
| bari naka || sky
|-
| eri ipiro || sun
|-
| omeri tero || moon
|-
| okoiri || star
|-
| keibu || waves
|-
| momoi || clouds
|-
| bari epu || rain clouds
|-
| kakaikapo, neii || rain
|-
| meremeri || lightning
|-
| marari, konobori || wind
|-
| ero || land
|-
| eii || earth, soil
|-
| ubi || water
|-
| kaku || river
|-
| eimuro || bush
|-
| erouri || island
|-
| moki || passage
|-
| pari || sand
|-
| oteri || cliff
|-
| akaburi || mountain
|}
Plants
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Porome !! Gloss
|-
| kubi || tree
|-
| aveiri || branch
|-
| kuri || roots
|-
| orei || leaf
|-
| kopo || flower
|-
| enenei || grass
|-
| avui || cutty grass
|-
| makai || betelnut
|-
| dii || coconut
|-
| mei || sugarcane
|}
Animals
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! Porome !! Gloss
|-
| bobi || pig
|-
| kumi || dog
|-
| bari mei kumo || chicken
|-
| kaburi || frog
|-
| barami || wallaby
|-
| pusi || cat
|-
| kuiou || tree kangaroo
|-
| kaiani, keipari || rat
|-
| imai || snake
|-
| boribi || cuscus
|-
| tumaru || bandicoot
|-
| kana || bird-of-paradise
|-
| koropeiri || cassowary
|-
| wamo || bush fowl
|-
| kubeiri || flying fox
|-
| kapasikori || black cockatoo
|-
| marubo || hornbill
|-
| koribi || fish
|-
| einakerei || centipede
|-
| eiamu || millipede
|-
| morokabi || spider
|-
| ubatu || grasshopper
|-
| nepu, mati || mosquito
|-
| nokoiri || fly
|-
| enene || cicada
|-
| bebeiri || butterfly
|-
| aii || sago grub
|-
| buburumi || sago beetle
|-
| mirimabi || scorpion
|-
| mi || crab
|-
| timuri || prawn
|-
| vi || cockle, clam
|-
| keimu || crocodile
|-
| akouri || river snake
|-
| dabeouri || sea turtle
|-
| ketoko || creek turtle
|-
| watemu || river turtle
|}
Comparison
Lexical comparison of Porome with neighboring languages:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Porome (isolate) !! Urama (Kiwaian) !! Rumu (Turama–Kikorian) !! Ipiko (Anim) !! Folopa (Teberan) !! Baimuru (isolate)
|-
! head
| kikimi / kikima || epu || wotu || abe || topo || uku
|-
! eye
| ipiri / ipiro || idomai || ihi || uhino || kele || inamu
|-
! house
| mapi / mapiro || moto || mi / ve || aho || be || marea
|-
! village
| kuri / kuro || vati || yɔ / ve || vati || be || paʔiri
|-
! place
| dabu / dabo || vati || tei || vati || tiki || paʔiri
|-
! tree
| kubi / kubo || nuʔa || i || de || ni || iri
|-
! fire
| erei / eria || era || i || tae || si || iʔau
|-
! dog
| kumi / kumo || umu || ka || gaha || haɔ || oroko
|-
! bird
| kumi / kumo || kikio || ka || tipemu || ba || nako
|-
! water
| ubi / uburo || obo || u || ogo || węi || ere
|-
! earth
| ei / ero || hepu || pɛkɛ / hapu || goʔeto || hae || kae
|-
! base
| makiri / makiro || mabu || mate || kama || baale || ʔaia
|-
! sago
| i / iro || du || kɛi || du || o || pu
|-
! 1s pronoun
| ámò || mo || i / na || no || e̜ || na
|-
! 2s pronoun
| do || ro || iki / ka || vo (< ɣo) || ya̜ || ni
|-
! 3s pronoun
| da || nu || a || ete / itu / eto || a̜ || u
|-
! 1p pronoun
| àmò || nimo || name || ni || da̜ || ene
|-
! 2p pronoun
| a || rio || kame || ho || dia̜ || noro
|-
! 3p pronoun
| abo || ni || ame || iti || atima || oro
|}
Comparison of Porome's phonological inventory with those of neighboring languages:
{| class="wikitable"
! language !! no. of consonants !! no. of vowels !! /h/ !! /ʔ/
|-
! Porome
| 9 || 5 || ||
|-
! Baimuru
| 7 || 5 || ||
|-
! Rumu
| 8 || 7 || ||
|-
! Kope
| 10 || 5 || ||
|-
! Urama
| 12 || 5 || ||
|-
! Kerewo
| 13 || 5 || ||
|}
References
Languages of Gulf Province
Papuan languages
Language isolates of New Guinea |
5396471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20House%20with%20Love%20in%20It | A House with Love in It | "A House with Love in It" is a popular song composed by Sidney Lippman with lyrics by Sylvia Dee. The song was published in 1956.
The recording by The Four Lads (made July 17, 1956) was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40736. It first reached the Billboard charts on September 15, 1956. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at #20; on the Best Seller chart, at #16; and on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached #23. The flip side was "The Bus Stop Song (A Paper of Pins)."
Other Recordings
The song has also been recorded by:
Also in 1956, Vera Lynn recorded her version.
Gordon MacRae
References
1956 singles
The Four Lads songs
Vera Lynn songs
Songs with lyrics by Sylvia Dee
Songs written by Sidney Lippman
Columbia Records singles
1956 songs |
5396481 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upland%20chorus%20frog | Upland chorus frog | The upland chorus frog (Pseudacris feriarum) is a species of chorus frog found in the United States. It was recently separated from the Western chorus frog, (Pseudacris triseriata), being identified as an individual species rather than a subspecies.
Habitat
Within their range, this species is found in a variety of habitats that include: swampy areas of broad valleys, grassy swales, moist areas of woodlands and borders of heavily vegetated ponds.
Description
Upland chorus frogs are usually brown, grey-brown, or reddish-brown in color, with darker blotching. They grow from 0.75–1.5 inches (1.9–3.8 cm) in size.
Geographic distribution
Found in the southern and eastern United States, the upland chorus frog is found from the state of New Jersey to the Florida panhandle; west to eastern Texas and southeast Oklahoma.
Behavior
Upland chorus frogs are secretive, nocturnal frogs, and are rarely seen (or heard) except immediately after rains. They are an almost entirely terrestrial species, and found in a variety of habitats, but usually moderately moist, vegetated areas, not far from a permanent water source. Like most frogs, they are insectivorous. Breeding occurs throughout the year, but most frequently during the cooler, more rainy periods from November to March. Eggs are laid in clusters of 60 or so, in water and attached to vegetation. The female can lay upwards of 1,000 eggs at a time.
Conservation status
The upland chorus frog is listed as a protected species in the state of New Jersey, primarily due to habitat destruction. Because of its restrictive habitat preferences, this species is declining in several states, particularly in areas where roadside ditches and other ephemeral pools are being drained or destroyed for new developments.
References
Database entry includes a range map and a brief justification of why this species is of least concern.
IUCN RangeMap: Pseudacris feriarum
Virginia Department of Game & Inland Fisheries: Upland Chorus Frog
Frogs and Toads of Georgia: Upland Chorus Frog
External links
Brazos Bend State Park: Flora and Fauna / Amphibians / Upland Chorus Frog
North Carolina Nature: Upland Chorus Frog
Chorus frogs
Frog, Upland Chorus
chorus frog
Frog, Upland Chorus
Frog, Upland Chorus
Ecology of the Appalachian Mountains
Amphibians described in 1854
Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird |
5396482 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skybus%20%28Aqua%20Avia%29 | Skybus (Aqua Avia) | Skybus was an attempt to create a privately owned commercial airline in New Zealand during the 1970s, a time of state-owned public transport. It was a brainchild of the entrepreneur Matt Thomson. Matt Thompson was a businessman who had founded the successful Car Haulaways Transport Group. Frustrated by problems with the Cook Strait ferries, he then proceeded to set up Nationwide Air which utilized two ATL.98 Carvairs on freight work from the late 1970s.
Planned operations
He also envisaged engaging in passenger transport, but at that time all New Zealand aerial transport was governed by the Air Services Licensing Authority. To gain a license to operate from the Authority you had to prove unmet demand, and any application for such a license would obviously be strenuously opposed by state-owned Air New Zealand.
As with all such restrictions, there were loopholes. One such loophole was that members of a club or association could band together and charter an aircraft from an organization that already held a charter license. Therefore Matt Thompson formed the Aqua Avia Society in 1980 and proceeded to arrange for the charter of a suitable aircraft and eventually chartered two Vickers Viscount aircraft for their airline, which was given the name Skybus.
By using the legal loophole, Aqua Avia created their business plan of forming a club with annual membership rather than charging passengers fares per flight, thus avoiding the charge that they would be in direct competition with the State-owned airlines (and thus not needing to apply for licenses for their air routes). As Aero Clubs were exempt from the licensing act due to the charter license loophole, they could operate as many charter flights as they liked. The Aqua Avia Society linked with the Piako Aero Club of Matamata, who had the Viscounts registered in their ownership.
Demise
The New Zealand government, however, intervened and created enough obstacles and delays to push Aqua Avia into insolvency. This was done by Air New Zealand filing a formal objection which was upheld by the New Zealand Airworthiness Authorities. The delays caused by this objection derailed Skybus as it was about to commence its commercial service, having taken delivery of the two Viscount aircraft in their new livery.
A credit card size plastic i/d card was issued to members and was valid for life. On the rear of card was a discount offer from Budget Car Rental.
Fleet
See also
List of defunct airlines of New Zealand
History of aviation in New Zealand
References
External links
Defunct airlines of New Zealand |
4001259 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Free%20Jazz%3A%20A%20Collective%20Improvisation | Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation | Free Jazz: A Collective Improvisation is the sixth album by jazz saxophonist and composer Ornette Coleman, released on Atlantic Records in 1961, his fourth for the label. Its title established the name of the then-nascent free jazz movement. The recording session took place on December 21, 1960, at A&R Studios in New York City. The sole outtake from the album session, "First Take," was later released on the 1971 compilation Twins.
The music
The music is a continuous free improvisation with only a few brief pre-determined sections. The music was recorded in one single “take” with no overdubbing or editing.
The album features what Coleman called a “double quartet,” i.e., two self-contained jazz quartets, each with two wind instruments and each with a rhythm section consisting of bass and drums. The two quartets are heard in separate channels with Coleman’s regular group in the left channel and the second quartet in the right.
The two quartets play simultaneously with the two rhythm sections providing a dense rhythmic foundation over which the wind players either solo or provide freeform commentaries that often turn into full-scale collective improvisation interspersed with pre-determined composed passages. The composed thematic material can be considered a series of brief, dissonant fanfares for the horns which serve as interludes between solos. Not least among the album's achievements was that it was the first album-length improvisation, nearly forty minutes, which was unheard of at the time.
The original LP package incorporated Jackson Pollock's 1954 painting The White Light. The cover was a gatefold with a cutout window in the lower right corner allowing a glimpse of the painting; opening the cover revealed the full artwork, along with liner notes by critic Martin Williams. Coleman was a fan of Pollock as well as a painter, and his 1966 LP The Empty Foxhole features Coleman's own artwork.
Reception
In the January 18, 1962 issue of Down Beat magazine, in a special review titled "Double View of a Double Quartet," Pete Welding awarded the album Five Stars while John A. Tynan rated it No Stars.
The album was identified by Chris Kelsey in his Allmusic essay "Free Jazz: A Subjective History" as one of the 20 Essential Free Jazz albums. It served as the blueprint for later large-ensemble free jazz recordings such as Ascension by John Coltrane and Machine Gun by Peter Brötzmann.
On March 3, 1998, Free Jazz was reissued on compact disc by Rhino Records as part of its Atlantic 50 series. The "Free Jazz" track, split into two sections for each side of the LP, appeared here in continuous uninterrupted form, along with a bonus track of the previously issued "First Take."
Track listing of the original LP
Composition by Ornette Coleman. On compact disc "Free Jazz" is presented as one continuous track with a running time listed as 37:03.
Side one
Side two
1998 reissue bonus track
Timing of the various sections
00:00 Polyphonic introduction
00:07 Ensemble introduction to Eric Dolphy
00:22 Eric Dolphy – bass clarinet solo (right channel)
05:12 Ensemble introduction to Freddie Hubbard
05:40 Freddie Hubbard – trumpet solo (right channel)
09:54 Ensemble introduction to Ornette Coleman
10:05 Ornette Coleman alto saxophone solo (left channel)
19:36 Ensemble Introduction to Don Cherry
19:48 Don Cherry – pocket trumpet solo (left channel)
25:21 Ensemble Introduction to Charlie Haden
25:26 Charlie Haden – bass solo (right channel)
29:51 Ensemble introduction to Scott LaFaro
30:00 Scott LaFaro – bass solo (left channel)
33:47 Polyphonic ensemble introduction to Ed Blackwell
34:00 Ed Blackwell – drum solo (right channel)
35:19 Ensemble pitch introduction to Billy Higgins
35:28 Billy Higgins – drum solo (left channel)
Personnel
Left channel
Ornette Coleman – alto saxophone
Don Cherry – pocket trumpet
Scott LaFaro – bass
Billy Higgins – drums
Right channel
Eric Dolphy – bass clarinet
Freddie Hubbard – trumpet
Charlie Haden – bass
Ed Blackwell – drums
Production
Tom Dowd – recording engineer
Nesuhi Ertegün – producer
References
1961 albums
Atlantic Records albums
Ornette Coleman albums
Albums produced by Nesuhi Ertegun
Free jazz albums
Avant-garde jazz albums |
5396488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyman%20Raion%2C%20Donetsk%20Oblast | Lyman Raion, Donetsk Oblast | Lyman Raion (, translit.: Lymans'kyi raion; , translit.: Limanskiy raion) was a raion (district) within Donetsk Oblast in eastern Ukraine. Its administrative center was Lyman, which was separately incorporated as a city of oblast significance and did not belong to the district. Its area was and its population was approximately .
In 2016, Lyman Raion was abolished and merged into Lyman municipality (, formerly Krasnyi Lyman United Territorial Community).
History
Before 1917, the raion was part of the Kharkov Governorate.
Until May 2016, raion was known as Krasnyi Lyman Raion (). On 19 May 2016, Verkhovna Rada adopted a decision to rename Krasnyi Lyman Raion to Lyman Raion according to the law prohibiting names of Communist origin. Krasnyi Lyman was previously renamed to Lyman according to the same law.
Demographics
As of the 2001 Ukrainian census:
Ethnicity
Ukrainians: 53.3%
Russians: 45.0%
Environment
The national nature park Svyati Hory is 404.48 km² and it contains plant life from the region of the Seversky Donets River. The park contains over 1,008 different plants, almost 20% of them being endemic plants. Forty-six plants that grow here and 50 types of animals are entered into the Ukraine's Red Book of Rare Species. The fauna contains 43 types of mammals, 194 types of birds, 10 types of reptiles, 9 types of amphibians and 40 types of fish.
Another nature preserve is the Melova Flora. Known for its plant life, the preserve has an area of 11.34 km².
See also
Administrative divisions of Donetsk Oblast
References
External links
Verkhovna Rada website - Administrative divisions of the Krasnolymanskyi Raion
Former raions of Donetsk Oblast
States and territories disestablished in 2016
1944 establishments in Ukraine
2016 disestablishments in Ukraine |
5396489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chain%20shot | Chain shot | In artillery, chain shot is a type of cannon projectile formed of two sub-calibre balls, or half-balls, chained together. Bar shot is similar, but joined by a solid bar. They were used in the age of sailing ships and black powder cannon to shoot masts, or to cut the shrouds and any other rigging of a target ship.
When fired, after leaving the muzzle, the shot's components tumble in the air, and the connecting chain fully extends. In past use, as much as 1.8 m (6 ft) of chain would sweep through the target. However, the tumbling made both bar and chain shot less accurate, so they were used at shorter ranges.
Chain shot was sometimes used on land as an anti-personnel load. It was used by the defenders of Magdeburg in May 1631 as an anti-personnel load, which, according to counselor Otto von Guericke, was one reason for the extreme violence of the victorious attackers. It was also used against Parliamentarians in the first English Civil War, and against Cromwell in Ireland at the siege of Clonmel in 1650, against the 76th Regiment of Foot in India in 1803, by the French against the Dutch at the Battle of Waterloo, and by Union troops at the Battle of Gettysburg in the American Civil War.
The military usefulness of chain shot died out as wooden sail-powered ships were replaced with armored steam ships—first among navies, and then among commercial fleets—which do not have rigging to serve as proper targets for chain-shot. Additionally, the conversion of naval armament from smoothbore, muzzle loaded, black powder cannon to rifled, breech-loaded guns further slowed the production of new chain shot ammunition; the chain would damage barrels (degrading maximum range, and further degrading effective range by degrading accuracy), and the new breech loading guns and their ammunition were meant to be effective against armored vessels as well as wooden sailing vessels.
In modern times, the effect is replicated in shotguns with the use of bolo shells, a pair of slugs connected by a strong wire. They are banned in several jurisdictions, including Florida and Illinois.
In popular culture
A battle between the forces of King Charles VIII of France and the army of the Papal States in the television show The Borgias features cannon using chain-shot.
Set in 1812, Patrick O'Brian's popular Aubrey–Maturin series, book 6, The Fortune of War, mentions that the Americans are using bar shot as characters plan for their encounter with and later during the actual naval combat.
In the 2003 Disney feature film Pirates of the Caribbean: The Curse of the Black Pearl, chain-shot is used by the crew of Black Pearl to disable the mast of HMS Interceptor. It is also featured in the sequel Pirates of the Caribbean: At World's End to free the mast of Black Pearl when it gets tangled with the mast of Flying Dutchman.
The 2018 pirate video game Sea of Thieves features chain shot as one of several types of cannon ammunition, used to disable the masts of other ships controlled by other players or NPCs.
See also
Spider shot
References
Artillery ammunition
Projectiles
Balls
Chains
Metallic objects |
5396494 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maly%20theatre | Maly theatre | The Maly Theatre, or Mali Theatre, may refer to one of several different theatres:
The Maly Theatre (Moscow), also known as The State Academic Maly Theatre of Russia, in Moscow (founded in 1756 and given its own building in 1824)
The Maly Theatre (St.Petersburg), also known as The Academic Maly Drama Theatre, also known as The European Theatre, in St.Petersburg (founded in Leningrad in 1944)
The Karl Knipper Theatre, formerly in St Petersburg
The Maly Opera Theatre in Leningrad (1918–1998), before 1918 and since 2007 known as the Mikhaylovsky Theatre |
4001265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Brothwell | Don Brothwell | Donald Reginald Brothwell, (1933 – 26 September 2016) was a British archaeologist, anthropologist and academic, who specialised in human palaeoecology and environmental archaeology. He had worked at the University of Cambridge, the British Museum, and the Institute of Archaeology of University of London, before ending his career as Professor of Human Palaeoecology at the University of York. He has been described as "one of the pioneers in the field of archaeological science".
Early life and education
Brothwell was born in 1933 in Nottingham, England. He began his involvement in archaeology as a teenager; this included analysing finds from a local gravel works, and excavating Anglo-Saxon skeletons at a local quarry with some school friends. He was involved in his first official archaeological excavation in Thurgarton, Nottinghamshire, where they excavated and recorded a number of medieval burials. Having finished secondary school, he enrolled in art college with the aim of becoming a teacher. However, after a year he returned to school to study for A-Levels in geology, biology, and chemistry.
Having earned three A-Levels, Brothwell was offered a place at University College London to study anthropology. However, as he had completed his A-Levels a year later than most, at 19, he was immediately called up to serve his National Service. With his interests in Quakerism and knowledge of his father's experience of World War I, he became a conscientious objector. He was prosecuted and ordered to pay a large fine (for which his father provided the money), but was called up for a second time after settling with the court. This time his refusal resulted in a prison sentence which he served at HM Prison Lincoln. He continued his interest in archaeology while imprisoned, including excavating a bulldog skull that he found in the yard during his daily exercise.
Brothwell only served two months of a one-year sentence and was released in time to take up his place at University College London. From 1952 to 1956, while based in the Department of Anthropology, he studied a wide range of courses; these were mainly anthropology or archaeology related, but he also studied geology, zoology, and genetics. He graduated in 1956 with a Bachelor of Science (BSc) degree. He then began a doctorate in physical anthropology, but he left without completing it after two years of research to take up his first academic position.
Academic career
In 1958, Brothwell joined the Department of Archaeology and Anthropology at the University of Cambridge as a demonstrator. He duties involved teaching biological anthropology, and his research was focused on physical anthropology, palaeopathology, human origins, and teeth. His research during this time led to him editing a volume with his colleague Eric Higgs, Science and Archaeology (1963), and a text book for archaeologists, Digging up Bones (1963). The demonstratorship was a time-limited appointment and after three to five years he would have to look for a new job.
In 1961, Brothwell moved to the British Museum as Principal Scientific Officer and Head of Anthropology. This was a new sub-department of the museum but it grew quickly with donations of human skeletons from the Royal College of Surgeons and the Department of Anatomy, University of Oxford. During his twelve years at the British Museum, he held the "only funded professional position studying archaeological human skeletal remains in the United Kingdom".
In 1974, Brothwell moved to the Institute of Archaeology, University of London, having been appointed a senior lecturer in zooarchaeology. His research during this period extended from human remains to
animal skeletons; this was very varied and included animal diseases, guinea pig domestication, and domestic pests. He was also interested in bog bodies, and led a diverse team to investigate the Lindow Man in the 1980s. Perhaps because of his diverse research interests, he was never made a professor but he was promoted to reader.
Brothwell left the Institute of Archaeology in 1993 having originally intended to take early retirement. However, that year he was offered and accepted the appointment of Professor of Human Palaeoecology in the Department of Archaeology at the University of York. He retired in 1999 and was appointed Emeritus Professor.
In 1974, Brothwell founded the Journal of Archaeological Science; from 1974 to 1993, he served as its Joint-Editor. From 1984 to 2004, he served as Editor of the Cambridge Manuals in Archaeology.
Later life
After he retired, Brothwell continued with research projects including an investigation of mummies in Yemen. As Emeritus Professor at University of York he continued to teach and supervise postgraduates. From 2006 until his death, he was also an Honorary Research Fellow at Durham University, where he taught on its master's degree in palaeopathology.
Brothwell died on 26 September 2016, aged 83. On 7 October, his burial took place and a celebration of his life was held at the King's Manor in York (the main building of the University of York's Department of Archaeology).
Honours
In 1999, the year of Brothwell's retirement, a conference was held in his honour at the University of York. A number of papers from that conference were published as a Festschrift in 2002. It was titled Bones and the Man: Studies in Honour of Don Brothwell, was edited by Keith Dobney and Terry O'Connor, and included contributions by Graeme Barker and Chris Stringer.
Selected works
With A. T. Sandison (eds.) 1967. Diseases in Antiquity. Springfield: Thomas.
With J. Baker. 1980. Animal Diseases in Archaeology. London: Academic Press.
1969. "The palaeopathology of Pleistocene and more recent mammals," pp 310–314. In Brothwell, D. and Higgs, E (eds.), Science in Archaeology. New York: Thames and Hudson.
1981. Digging up Bones. Third Edition. New York: Cornell University Press.
1988. "Smut, scab and pox: disease and environmental archaeology," pp273–277. In Bintliff, J.L., Davidson, D.A. and Grant, E.G. (eds.), Conceptual Issues in Environmental Archaeology. Edinburgh: University Press.
1988. "On zoonoses and their relevance to paleopathology," pp 18–22. In Ortner, D.J and Aufderheide, A.C (eds.). Human Paleopathology: Current Syntheses and Future Options. Washington and London: Smithsonian Institution Press.
With K. Dobney. 1988. "A Scanning Electron Microscope Study of Archaeological Dental Calculus," pp 372–385. In Olsen, S.L (ed.) Scanning Electron Microscopy in Archaeology. British Archaeological Reports International Series 452. Oxford: BAR.
1991. "Malocclusion and methodology: The problem and relevance of dental malalignment in animals." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 1: 27–37.
1993. "Avian osteopathology and its evaluation." Archaeofauna 2: 33–43.
With K. Dobney, and A. Ervynck. 1996. "On the causes of perforations in archaeological domestic cattle skulls." International Journal of Osteoarchaeology 6: 471–487.
2000. "On the complex nature of microbial ecodynamics in relation to earlier human palaeoecology," in G. Bailey, R. Charles and N. Winder (eds) Human ecodynamics
2000. "Studies on skeletal and dental variation: a view across two centuries," in M. Cox and S. Mays (eds) Human osteology in archaeology and forensic science
2002. "Ancient avian osteopetrosis: the current state of knowledge. Proceedings of the 4th Meeting of the ICAZ Bird Working Group Kraków, Poland, 11–15 September 2001." Acta zoologica cracoviensia 45 (special issue): 315–318.
References
External links
In Memoriam page at University of York
1933 births
2016 deaths
British archaeologists
British anthropologists
Paleopathologists
Fellows of the Royal Anthropological Institute of Great Britain and Ireland
People from Nottingham
British conscientious objectors
Academics of the University of Cambridge
Employees of the British Museum
Academics of the UCL Institute of Archaeology
Academics of the University of York
Alumni of University College London
Academic journal editors |
5396495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryn%C3%B3w | Brynów | Brynów is a district in Katowice, Poland. It is located in the central part of Katowice, south-west of the immediate center, and is divided into two subdistricts:
Brynów - Osiedle Zgrzebnioka is the eastern subdistrict with 7,200 inhabitants (in 2002)
Brynów - Załęska Hałda is the western subdistrict with 16,800 inhabitants (in 2002)
Brynów () borders the following districts of Katowice: Załęże, Osiedle Paderewskiego - Muchowiec, Śródmieście, Ligota - Panewniki, Piotrowice - Ochojec.
Among the landmarks of Brynów are:
Kopalnia Wujek, a coal mine known as the place the government of People's Republic of Poland brutally suppressed workers demonstration in December, 1981.
Kościuszko Park, the largest park in the city
Church of St. Michael Archangel, located in Kościuszko park, is the oldest building in Katowice (from 1510)
Parachute tower, the only one in Poland, place of a battle during the Invasion of Poland
History of Brynów, as a village, goes back to the 15th century.
Brynów has its own train station. There are several major roads and a tram line.
There are several schools, five churches and three supermarkets in Brynów. A small civilian airport is nearby.
Further reading
Lech Szaraniec: Osady i osiedla Katowic. Katowice: Oficyna „Artur”, 1996.
Districts of Katowice |
4001266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount%20Ishikari | Mount Ishikari | is part of the Ishikari Mountains, Hokkaidō, Japan. On its slopes are the head waters of the Ishikari River.
See also
Central Ishikari Mountains
Daisetsuzan National Park
References
Hokkaido, Seamless Digital Geographical Map of Japan, Geological Survey of Japan, AIST (ed.). 2007.
Ishikari |
5396527 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gibbet%20Hill%20%28University%20of%20Warwick%29 | Gibbet Hill (University of Warwick) | Gibbet Hill is the location of, and name for, the University of Warwick's southern campus, in the south of Coventry, England.
The Gibbet Hill campus is home to the School of Life Sciences, the University's Estates Office, Warwick Medical School, and some maths houses. The campus also has its own cafe, serving hot and cold meals throughout the day.
Gibbet Hill is southeast of the university's main campus, which can be reached by a path through Tocil Wood or by Gibbet Hill Road. It is approximately one kilometre from the heart of the central campus, a 10–12 minute walk. Gibbet Hill is 25–30 minutes on foot from the Westwood Campus. It is also a small, prosperous district of southern Coventry.
The hill is named after the crossroads at the apex of the hill (just beyond the campus on the Kenilworth road) where a scaffold for public hangings called a gibbet used to stand.
In recent years, redevelopment work has taken place at Gibbet Hill, including the conversion of some former mathematics facilities into medical teaching buildings.
Early years
Gibbet Hill campus was originally known as 'East Site', and until the 1997 redevelopment and extension of the (then) Mathematics and Biology buildings, the lecture theatres were named accordingly as ELT1 and ELT2. They are now named GLT1 and GLT2.
The Gibbet Hill site was the entire campus for the first few years of the University of Warwick's existence. The original 1960s building at the core of the development housed offices and tutorial rooms for all university departments, together with the two lecture theatres. Students in their first year shared many general lectures, whatever their subject - on the first day they were all addressed together in ELT1. The two-storey building that was part of the Estates Office was the original library. In 1968 the University obtained a £50,000 grant from the Nuffield Foundation to build five houses and two flats as accommodation for mathematicians visiting conferences at Warwick; these houses are Grade II* listed and are still in use.
At that time the university also occupied Wainbody House in Stoneleigh Road, and 6 Gibbet Hill Road. Wainbody House continued to be used for office accommodation until it was sold by the university in 2004 for £695,000 and converted into flats. 6 Gibbet Hill Road was rented as postgraduate accommodation for several years, but is now used by the university chaplaincy.
Gibbet Hill Road contains a number of large detached properties, many of which date from before 1930, and along with Kenilworth Road & Cryfield Grange Road it is known to be Coventry's premier residential location on the Warwickshire border.
The university also maintained a house at 110 Kenilworth Road as the residence of its vice-chancellor. This property was sold in 1985 with the proceeds of the sale used to finance the renovation of Cryfield Farmhouse and its outbuildings for the use of Warwick's vice-chancellors.
References
External links
Map of Gibbet Hill campus
Warwick School of Life Sciences website
Warwick Medical School
University of Warwick |
5396539 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brat%20Fest | Brat Fest | Brat Fest, which bills itself as "World's Largest Brat Fest", is an annual fundraiser held in Madison, Wisconsin.
The event has been held every Memorial Day weekend since 1983, when it was launched by Tom Metcalfe, an area businessman who owned the Hilldale Mall location of Sentry Foods in Madison. Initially held in the parking lot in front of the Metcalfe's Sentry store, the event was intended as a customer appreciation event for those who shopped there, but soon evolved into a fundraiser for local charities. Bratwurst, hot dogs, and soft drinks are served at the festival. Tom Metcalfe's sons, Tim and Kevin, are now coordinators for the event.
During the 2011 Wisconsin protests, it was made public that the main sponsor of Bratfest, Johnsonville Foods, sent large contributions towards the election of the Republican Governor Scott Walker. This led to calls to boycott the festival, as well as the formation of several small left-wing alternative brat fests, including The People's Bratfest and The Wurst Times festival.
Overview
Many non-profit groups donate grillers and servers. Local celebrities and politicians volunteer time as servers during the event. Past servers have included Wisconsin Governor Jim Doyle and Senator Tammy Baldwin.
In 2005, Brat Fest was relocated from its Hilldale Shopping Center location, which had grown too small for the crowds, to Willow Island at the Alliant Energy Center.
For many years, the Brat Fest was held over both the Memorial Day and Labor Day weekends. After the move to the Willow Island site, organizers decided to hold the event only on Memorial Day weekend, to minimize expenses.
In 2006, two filmmakers, Benjamin Lamb and Vernon Johnson, created a documentary film honoring Brat Fest. Released on July 15, 2006, the film contained interviews with Governor Jim Doyle, Brat Fest Organizer Tim Metcalfe, Kevin Metcalfe and the wife of Tom Metcalfe.
In 2009, 208,752 brats were consumed during the 2009 festivities, which is believed to be a world record for single festival over a four-day period.
In 2010, Brat Fest set a new "self-proclaimed" world record by selling 209,376 brats during the four-day festival.
In 2011, the festival was chosen by Parade magazine as one of the top 50 festivals in the U.S.
In 2012, Brat Fest was again recognized by Parade magazine as one of the top festivals in the U.S.
In 2015, Brat Fest featured four music stages with 100 bands performing, including Charlie Daniels Band and Bret Michaels.
In 2020, the Brat Fest was scrapped as officials cited the COVID-19 pandemic as grounds for cancellation.
References
External links
Official website
Festivals in Wisconsin
Culture of Madison, Wisconsin
Tourist attractions in Madison, Wisconsin |
5396543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawn%20aerator | Lawn aerator | A lawn aerator is a garden tool designed to create holes in the soil in order to help lawn grasses grow. In compacted lawns, aeration improves soil drainage and encourages worms, microfauna and microflora which require oxygen.
Lawn problems
Lawn aeration involves controlling lawn thatch and reducing soil compaction, making grass roots multiply. Aerating either by coring or spiking causes the roots to divide or sever apart, which rarely happens naturally. Severing the roots causes them to multiply and thus the blades of grass multiply, keeping the lawn thick and deeply rooted as the holes become engorged with roots. Lawn thatch is a layer of dead organic tissue that can protect the lawn by moderating temperature and reducing evapotranspiration when it is a reasonable thickness, but too much thatch can limit soil oxygenation and reduce watering effectiveness. Soil compaction makes it difficult for grass to develop long roots and disturbs both natural rainwater and artificial irrigation.
Types of aerators
There are two types of lawn aerators:
spike aerators use wedge shaped solid spikes to punch holes in the soil
core aerators have hollow tines that pull out plugs (or "cores") from soil
Core/plug aerator vs. spike aerator
A spike aerator creates holes in the ground by pushing the soil sideways as wedge-shaped spikes penetrate the soil. Since there is no soil removed from the ground, watering will cause the compacted soil around the holes to expand and close. A core/plug aerator removes soil from the ground and leaves the core on the turf. This reduces compaction in the soil, and the holes can stay open for a long time allowing air, fertilisers, and water to reach the roots. Core aeration is suitable for heavy clay soils, and spike aeration is more suited to sandy or loamy soils.
Powered aerator vs. manual aerator
Powered aerators employ the power from ground propulsion to drive multiple tines into ground. The machines can aerate a large lawn in a relatively short time (similar to mowing speed).
Manual aerators usually have two to five hollow tines mounted on a step bar. The operator puts one foot on the step bar and push it downward, forcing the tines to penetrate into the soil. Then he pulls the handle on the step bar upward to remove the soil cores out of the ground. By repeating the same operation, the cores left in the tines will be pushed out by the next ones. Manual aerators are much cheaper than powered ones. The trade-off is the speed. For a typical residential lawn (1/4 acre lot), it will take hours to finish. Some products also have issues with the tines becoming clogged with soil, which can slow down the operation even more. However, a well-made manual aerator offers advantages such as ease of use, selective aeration, and economy.
Guidelines
Grass type determines the best time of year for aeration. Cool-season grasses (bluegrass, fescue and ryegrass) should be aerated in early spring or fall (March, April or September). Warm-season grasses (Bermudagrass, buffalograss, zoysiagrass) should be aerated in May through July.
It's recommend to space aerator holes 3 inches or less apart. Given the spacing of tines on many aerator machines this means several passes could be necessary.
References
External links
See also
Grass stitcher
Gardening tools
Lawn care |
5396547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grabski | Grabski | Grabski (feminine: Grabska; plural: Grabscy) may refer to:
Andrzej Feliks Grabski (1934–2000), Polish historian
Józef Grabski (born 1950), Polish art historian
Małgorzata Kidawa-Błońska, née Grabska (born 1957), Polish politician
Stanisław Grabski (1871–1949), Polish economist and politician
Władysław Grabski (1874–1938), Polish economist and Prime Minister
Władysław Jan Grabski (1901–1970), Polish writer
Zofia Kirkor-Kiedroniowa, née Grabska (1872–1952), Polish activist
Zofia Wojciechowska-Grabska (1905–1992), Polish painter
See also
Polish-language surnames |
5396555 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Just%20Don%27t%20Know | I Just Don't Know | "I Just Don't Know" is a popular song with music written by Robert Allen and lyrics by Joe Stone. The song was published in 1957.
The recording by The Four Lads (made April 4, 1957) was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 40914. It first reached the Billboard charts on May 20, 1957. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at #17; while on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached #22.
References
1957 songs
The Four Lads songs
Songs with music by Robert Allen (composer) |
4001289 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grain%20trade | Grain trade | The grain trade refers to the local and international trade in cereals and other food grains such as wheat, barley, maize, and rice. Grain is an important trade item because it is easily stored and transported with limited spoilage, unlike other agricultural products. Healthy grain supply and trade is important to many societies, providing a caloric base for most food systems as well as important role in animal feed for animal agriculture.
The grain trade is as old as agricultural settlement, identified in many of the early cultures that adopted sedentary farming. Major societal changes have been directly connected to the grain trade, such as the fall of the Roman Empire. From the early modern period onward, grain trade has been an important part of colonial expansion and international power dynamics. The geopolitical dominance of countries like Australia, the United States, Canada and the Soviet Union during the 20th century was connected with their status as grain surplus countries.
More recently, international commodity markets have been an important part of the dynamics of food systems and grain pricing. Speculation and other compounding production and supply factors leading up to the 2007-2008 financial crises, created rapid inflation of grain prices during the 2007–2008 world food price crisis. More recently, the dominance of Ukraine and Russia in grain markets like wheat, meant that the Russian Invasion of Ukraine caused increase fears in a global food crises in 2022. Changes to agriculture caused by climate change are expected to have cascading effects on global grain markets.
History
The grain trade is probably nearly as old as grain growing, going back the Neolithic Revolution (around 11,500 BCE). Wherever there is a scarcity of land (e.g. cities), people must bring in food from outside to sustain themselves, either by force or by trade. However, many farmers throughout history (and today) have operated at the subsistence level, meaning they produce for household needs and have little leftover to trade. The goal for such farmers in not to specialize in one crop and grow a surplus of it, but rather to produce everything his family needs and become self-sufficient. Only in places and eras where production is geared towards producing a surplus for trade (commercial agriculture), does a major grain trade become possible.
Classical world
In the ancient world, grain regularly flowed from the hinterlands to the cores of great empires: maize in ancient Mexico, rice in ancient China, and wheat and barley in the ancient Near East. With this came improving technologies for storing and transporting grains; the Hebrew Bible makes frequent mention of ancient Egypt's massive grain silos.
Merchant shipping was important for the carriage of grain in the classical period (and continues to be so). A Roman merchant ship could carry a cargo of grain the length of the Mediterranean for the cost of moving the same amount 15 miles by land. The large cities of the time could not exist without the supplies delivered. For example, in the first three centuries AD, Rome consumed about 150,000 tons of Egyptian grain each year.
During the classical age, the unification of China and the pacification of the Mediterranean basin by the Roman Empire created vast regional markets in commodities at either end of Eurasia. The grain supply to the city of Rome was considered to be of the utmost strategic importance to Roman generals and politicians.
In Europe, with the collapse of the Roman system and the rise of feudalism, many farmers were reduced to a subsistence level, producing only enough to fulfill their obligation to their lord and the Church, with little for themselves, and even less for trading. The little that was traded was moved around locally at regular fairs.
Early modern and modern expansion
A massive expansion in the grain trade occurred when Europeans were able to bring millions of square kilometers of new land under cultivation in the Americas, Russia, and Australia, an expansion starting in the fifteenth and lasting into the twentieth century. In addition, the consolidation of farmland in Britain and Eastern Europe, and the development of railways and the steamship shifted trade from local to more international patterns.
During this time, debate over tariffs and free trade in grain was fierce. Poor industrial workers relied on cheap bread for sustenance, but farmers wanted their government to create a higher local price to protect them from cheap foreign imports, with Britain's Corn Laws being an example.
As Britain and other European countries industrialized and urbanized, they became net importers of grain from the various breadbaskets of the world. In many parts of Europe, as serfdom was abolished, great estates were accompanied by many inefficient smallholdings, but in the newly colonized regions massive operations were available to not only great nobles, but also to the average farmer. In the United States and Canada, the Homestead Act and the Dominion Lands Act allowed pioneers on the western plains to gain tracts of (1/4 of a square mile) or more for little or no fee. This moved grain growing, and hence trading, to a much more massive scale. Huge grain elevators were built to take in farmers' produce and move it out via the railways to port. Transportation costs were a major concern for farmers in remote regions, however, and any technology that allowed the easier movement of grain was of great assistance; meanwhile, farmers in Europe struggled to remain competitive while operating on a much smaller scale. From the 1911 Encyclopædia Britannica:
The farmers of the United States have met a greatly increased output from Canada, the cost of transport from that country to England being much the same as from the United States in the 20th century. So much improved is the position of the farmer in North America compared with what it was about 1870, that the transport companies in 1901 carried 17 bushels of his grain to the seaboard in exchange for the value of one bushel, whereas in 1867 he had to give up one bushel in every six in return for the service.
As regards the British farmer, it does not appear as if he had improved his position; for he has to send his wheat to greater distances, owing to the collapse of many country millers or their removal to the seaboard, while railway rates have fallen only to a very small extent; again the farmers wheat is worth only half of what it was formerly; it may be said that the British farmer has to give up one bushel in nine to the railway company for the purpose of transportation, whereas in the seventies he gave up one in eighteen only. Enough has been said to prove that the advantage of position claimed for the British farmer by Caird was somewhat illusory. Speaking broadly, the Kansas or Minnesota farmers wheat does not have to pay for carriage to Liverpool more than 2s. 6d. to 7s. 6d. per ton in excess of the rate paid by a Yorkshire farmer; this, it will be admitted, does not go very far towards enabling the latter to pay rent, tithes and rates and taxes.
20th century changes
In the 1920s and 1930s, farmers in Australia and Canada reacted against the pricing power of the large grain-handling and shipping companies. Their governments created the Australian Wheat Board and the Canadian Wheat Board as monopsony marketing boards, buying all the wheat in those countries for export. Together, those two boards controlled a large percentage of the world's grain trade in the mid-20th century. Additionally, farmers' cooperatives such the wheat pools became a popular alternative to the major grain companies.
At the same time in the Soviet Union and soon after in China, disastrous collectivization programs effectively turned the world's largest farming nations into net importers of grain.
By the second half of the 20th century, the grain trade was divided between a few state-owned and privately owned giants. The state giants were Exportkhleb of the Soviet Union, the Canadian Wheat Board, the Australian Wheat Board, the Australian Barley Board, and so on. The largest private companies, known as the "big five", were Cargill, Continental, Louis Dreyfus, Bunge, and Andre, an older European company not to be confused with the more recent André Maggi Group from Brazil.
In 1972, the Soviet Union's wheat crop failed. To prevent shortages in their country, Soviet authorities were able to buy most of the surplus American harvest through private companies without the knowledge of the United States government. This drove up prices across the world, and was dubbed the "great grain robbery" by critics, leading to greater public attention being paid by Americans to the large trading companies.
By contrast, in 1980, the US government attempted to use its food power to punish the Soviet Union for its invasion of Afghanistan with an embargo on grain exports. This was seen as a failure in terms of foreign policy (the Soviets made up the deficit on the international market), and negatively impacted American farmers.
Modern trade
Since the Second World War, the trend in North America has been toward further consolidation of already vast farms. Transportation infrastructure has also promoted more economies of scale. Railways have switched from coal to diesel fuel, and introduced hopper car to carry more mass with less effort. The old wooden grain elevators have been replaced by massive concrete inland terminals, and rail transportation has retreated in the face of ever larger trucks.
Modern issues affecting the grain trade include food security concerns, the increasing use of biofuels, the controversy over how to properly store and separate genetically modified and organic crops, the local food movement, the desire of developing countries to achieve market access in industrialized economies, climate change and drought shifting agricultural patterns, and the development of new crops.
Price volatility and protections
Price volatility greatly effects countries that are dependent on grain imports, such as certain countries in the MENA region. "Price volatility is a life-and-death issue for many people around the world" warned ICTSD Senior Fellow Sergio Marchi. "Trade policies need to incentivize investment in developing country agriculture, so that poor farmers can build resistance to future price shocks". Two major price volatility crises in the early 21st century, during the 2007–2008 world food price crisis and 2022 food crises, have had major negative effects on grain prices globally. Climate change is expected to create major agricultural failures, that will continue to create volatile food price markets especially for bulk goods like grains.
Protection against international market prices has been an important part of how some countries have responded to the volitility of market prices. For example, farmers in the European Union, United States and Japan are protected by agricultural subsidies. The European Union's programs are organized under the Common Agricultural Policy. The agricultural policy of the United States is demonstrated through the "farm bill", while rice production in Japan is also protected and subsidized. Farmers in other countries has attempted to have these policies disallowed by the World Trade Organization, or attempted to negotiate them away though the Cairns Group, at the same time the wheat boards have been reformed and many tariffs have been greatly reduced, leading to a further globalization of the industry. For example, in 2008 Mexico was required by the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) to remove its tariffs on US and Canadian maize.
Similarly, protections in other contexts, such as guaranteed prices for grains in India, have been an important lifeline for small farmers in the context of further industrialization of agriculture. When the BJP Party government of Narendra Modi attempted to repeal guaranteed prices for farmers on key grains like wheat, farmers throughout the country rose in protest.
See also
Monoculture
Cash crop
References
Works cited
W. Broehl, Cargill Going Global, University of New England Press, 1998.
W. Broehl, Cargill Trading the World's Grain, University of New England Press, 1992.
Chad J. Mitcham, China's Economic Relations with the West and Japan, 1949-79: Grain, Trade and Diplomacy, Routledge, 2005.
Dan Morgan, Merchants of Grain, Viking, 1997.
W.E. Morriss, Chosen Instrument: A History of the Canadian Wheat Board, the McIvor Years, Canadian Wheat Board, 1987
Trade by commodity
Commodity markets
Agricultural economics
History of agriculture
Intensive farming |
4001296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marine%20Turbine%20Technologies | Marine Turbine Technologies | Marine Turbine Technologies (MTT) is an American turbine manufacturer based in Franklin, LA.
The company develops, designs and produces high performance turbines for primarily for marine applications, boats and fire-suppression pumps.
It gained fame and became noted for developing and building what may be the most powerful and fastest street-legal motorcycle in the world, the turboshaft-powered MTT Y2K Turbine Superbike.
References
External links
MTT homepage
Motorcycle manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Louisiana |
4001297 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asterophrys | Asterophrys | Asterophrys is a genus of microhylid frogs found in New Guinea. Their common name is New Guinea bush frogs, although this name may also specifically refer to Asterophrys turpicola.
Asterophrys are moderate to large-sized microhylid frogs, with the larger Asterophrys turpicola measuring up to in snout–vent length. A distinctive feature of these frogs is their extremely broad head, almost half of snout–vent length. While both are New Guinean species, A. leucopus is more a mountain species than A. turpicola. The latter is known for its aggressiveness (it may even bite), whereas A. leucopus is more docile.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Asterophrys:
A third, undescribed species may exist in Papua, western New Guinea.
References
Microhylidae
Amphibians of New Guinea
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Johann Jakob von Tschudi |
4001298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MyState%20Limited | MyState Limited | MyState Limited is an Australian financial group, headquartered in Hobart, Tasmania. It formed in 2009 following the merger of the Tasmanian Perpetual Trustees and MyState Financial. In 2011 it further purchased the Queensland-based Rock Building Society for $68.3 million AUD. In October 2014, its largest section, MyState Financial received authorisation from the Australian Prudential Regulation Authority to rename itself to MyState Bank.
Companies
MyState Limited consists of
MyState Bank (including The Rock – A division of MyState Bank, and the MyState Foundation)
Tasmanian Perpetual Trustees
History
MyState was founded as a Credit Union in Tasmania, Australia under the name Connect Credit Union, which was created from the merging of two credit unions, the Teachers, Police and Nurses Credit Union and Savings & Loans (Credit Union Cooperartive).
Connect Credit Union attempted to demutualise in 2003 but failed when just 13,000 of its members voted, unable to reach a quorum of 75% of members voting.
In 2007 the members of Tasmania's two largest credit unions agreed to a merger, creating MyState Credit Union out of Island State Credit Union and Connect Credit Union. In 2009 MyState Credit Union merged with Tasmanian Perpetual Trustees, demutualising at the same time to list on the ASX.
In 2011, MyState purchased The Rock Building Society which had been established in the Central Queensland city of Rockhampton in 1967. Following the merger, MyState closed multiple branches of The Rock throughout the region including in Emerald, Biloela, Mount Morgan, Moura, Emu Park and Baralaba.
Despite the new ownership, The Rock Building Society retained its original name until its branches were rebranded in 2018 to MyState Bank. The Rock's regional executive manager Peter Fraser assured customers that despite the name change there would be no negatives associated with the rebrand such as branch closures or staff losses.
However, less than two years later, MyState announced all remaining Central Queensland branches of MyState Bank would close, with 26 staff in Rockhampton, Gladstone and Yeppoon losing their jobs. MyState bank claimed the decision was made due to the declining number of customers who visited branches in person, as well as the decrease in the use of cash during the COVID-19 pandemic.
The decision drew strong criticism from Rockhampton Regional Council mayor, Margaret Strelow who said she was "disgusted" by the decision and that she and her husband would be withdrawing their money from MyState Bank in protest. Strelow said it was "a timely reminder of the arrogance which we are treated when our businesses are taken over by large entities".
References
ABC news story
ABC
Tasmanian Times on merger
Tasmanian Government
ABC
Sunday Tasmanian *Examiner
Focus of a co-op case study
ABC Stateline
ZDNet.
External links
Official Website
Corporate Website
Companies based in Hobart
Credit unions of Australia
Banks of Tasmania
Banks of Australia |
4001300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic%20growth | Logarithmic growth | In mathematics, logarithmic growth describes a phenomenon whose size or cost can be described as a logarithm function of some input. e.g. y = C log (x). Note that any logarithm base can be used, since one can be converted to another by multiplying by a fixed constant. Logarithmic growth is the inverse of exponential growth and is very slow.
A familiar example of logarithmic growth is a number, N, in positional notation, which grows as logb (N), where b is the base of the number system used, e.g. 10 for decimal arithmetic. In more advanced mathematics, the partial sums of the harmonic series
grow logarithmically. In the design of computer algorithms, logarithmic growth, and related variants, such as log-linear, or linearithmic, growth are very desirable indications of efficiency, and occur in the time complexity analysis of algorithms such as binary search.
Logarithmic growth can lead to apparent paradoxes, as in the martingale roulette system, where the potential winnings before bankruptcy grow as the logarithm of the gambler's bankroll. It also plays a role in the St. Petersburg paradox.
In microbiology, the rapidly growing exponential growth phase of a cell culture is sometimes called logarithmic growth. During this bacterial growth phase, the number of new cells appearing is proportional to the population. This terminological confusion between logarithmic growth and exponential growth may be explained by the fact that exponential growth curves may be straightened by plotting them using a logarithmic scale for the growth axis.
See also
(an even slower growth model)
References
Logarithms |
4001303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ushio%20Amagatsu | Ushio Amagatsu | is a Japanese choreographer known as the leader of the Butoh dance group Sankai Juku, which he founded in 1975. He is the artistic director, choreographer and a dancer of Sankai Juku. He was also a co-founder of the seminal Butoh collective Dairakudakan in 1972. All Sankai Juku works since 1982 were premiered at and co-produced by Théâtre de la Ville, Paris. Sankai Juku has performed at more than 40 countries, 700 cities worldwide. Since 1997, he works as opera director as well.
Biography
In 1949, born in Yokosuka, Japan
In 1972, co-founded Dairakudakan
In 1975, founded Sankai Juku
In 1980, did his first performance abroad at the Nancy International Festival in France
In 1989, appointed to the artistic director of the Spiral Hall in Tokyo.
In 1992, presided the Jury of the International Meeting of Dance of Bagnolet.
from 2002 to 2005, president of judge for "Toyota Choreography Award"
Works
In 1977, created Amagatsu Sho (Homage to Ancient Dolls)
In 1978, created Kinkan Shonen (Kumquat Seed)
In 1979, created Sholiba
In 1981, created Bakki, which premiered at Festival d'Avignon, France
In 1982, created Jomon Sho (co-produced by and premiered at Théâtre de la Ville, Paris)
In 1984, created Netsu no Katachi
In 1985, direction and choreography for the photo book Luna
In 1986, created Unetsu - The Egg stands out of Curiosity
in 1987, direction and choreography for the photo book The Egg stands out of Curiosity
In 1988, created Shijima - The Darkness Calms Down in Space
In 1988, created Fushi on the invitation of Jacob's Pillow Foundation, in the U.S., music by Philip Glass, premiered at Spiral Hall, Tokyo.
In 1989, directed Apocalypse (1989), music by Takashi Kako, dance by Ismael Ivo, premiered at Spiral Hall, Tokyo.
In 1989, directed and choreographed Fifth-V (1990) for six American dancers, premiered at Spiral Hall, Tokyo.
In 1991, created Omote - The Grazed Surface
In 1993, created Yuragi - In a Space of Perpetual Motion
In 1995, created iyomeki - Within a Gentle Vibration and Agitation
In February 1997, directed Bartok's opera Bluebeard's Castle, conducted by Péter Eötvös for the Tokyo premiere.
In 1997, directed a concert of Takashi Kako Iro wo Kasanete, at Park Tower Hall, Tokyo.
In 1998, created Hibiki - Resonance from Far Away
In March 1998, at Opéra National de Lyon, France, he directed Péter Eötvös' opera Tri sestry (Three Sisters, world premiere). The opera was also presented in the 2001/02 season at Théâtre du Châtelet in Paris, at Théâtre Royal de la Monnaie in Brussels, and at the 2002 Wiener Festwochen in Austria.
In 2000, created Kagemi - Beyond the Metaphors of Mirrors
In 2003, created Utsuri - Virtual Garden
In 2005 re-created Kinkan Shonen. Amagatsu's solo parts of the original version are performed by three young dancers.
In 2006, created Toki - A moment in the weave time
In 2008, created Tobari - As if in an inexhaustible flux
In 2008, created Utsushi, which is a collage from past works. Amagatsu doesn't dance in this one.
In 2010, created Kara・Mi - Two Flows
Awards and recognition
In 1992, Amagatsu was awarded the "Chevalier de l'Ordre des Arts et des Lettres" by the French Ministry of Culture.
In 1998, Péter Eötvös’s opera "Three Sisters", which directed by Amagatsu, received "Prix du Syndicat de la critique, France".
In February 2002, "Hibiki" won the 26th Laurence Olivier Award for Best New Dance Production.
In March 2004, Amagatsu was awarded "Geijutu Sensho Prize (Art Encouragement Prize)", by the Minister of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology of Japan, for his outstanding artistic achievement.
In 2007, "TOKI" received "Grand Prix of the 6th The Asahi Performing Arts Awards" and Sankai Juku received "Kirin Special Grant for Dance."
In 2008, Péter Eötvös’s opera "Lady Sarashina", which directed by Amagatsu, received "Prix du Syndicat de la critique, France" again.
Books, photo books and other references
"Luna" (photo book) diredted and choreographed by Ushio Amagatsu, feat. Sayoko Yamaguchi and Sankai juku.
"The Egg stands out of Curiosity" (photo book) diredted and choreographed by Ushio Amagatsu
Interviews with Ushio Amagatsu: Japan Foundation, Performing Arts Network Japan
External links
Amagatsu's profile on the Sankai Juku English site
Official Sankai Juku site
Official Dairakakudakan site
Japanese choreographers
Japanese male dancers
1949 births
Living people
People from Yokosuka, Kanagawa |
4001306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lethal%20%28disambiguation%29 | Lethal (disambiguation) | That which is lethal is capable of causing death.
Lethal may also refer to:
Film
Lethal (film), a 2004 action thriller
Music
DJ Lethal (born 1972), Latvian musician
Lethal (American band), an American heavy metal band
Lethal (Argentine band), an Argentine heavy metal band
Lethal, a 1987 hip hop album by UTFO
Lethal (album), a 1990 punk rock album by Cockney Rejects
People
Jay Lethal (born 1985), American professional wrestler
"Lethal" Larry Cameron (1952–1993) former American professional football player and wrestler
Leigh Matthews (born 1952), Australian rules footballer known as "Lethal Leigh"
See also
Deadly (disambiguation)
Fatal (disambiguation)
Lethal Weapon (disambiguation) |
4001307 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceragenin | Ceragenin | Ceragenins, or cationic steroid antimicrobials (CSAs), are synthetically-produced, small-molecule chemical compounds consisting of a sterol backbone with amino acids and other chemical groups attached to them. These compounds have a net positive charge that is electrostatically attracted to the negative-charged cell membranes of certain viruses, fungi and bacteria. CSAs have a high binding affinity for such membranes (including Lipid A) and are able to rapidly disrupt the target membranes leading to rapid cell death. While CSAs have a mechanism of action that is also seen in antimicrobial peptides, which form part of the body's innate immune system, they avoid many of the difficulties associated with their use as medicines.
Ceragenins were invented by Dr. Paul B. Savage of Brigham Young University's Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry. In data previously presented by Dr. Savage and other researchers, CSAs have been shown to have broad spectrum antibacterial activity. Dr. Derya Unutmaz, Associate Professor of Microbiology and Immunology at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, tested several CSAs in his laboratory for their ability to kill HIV directly. According to Unutmaz, "We have some preliminary but very exciting results. But we would like to formally show this before making any claims that would cause unwanted hype."
On February 6, 2006, researchers (including Dr. Paul B. Savage) announced that a Ceragenin compound, CSA-54, appears to inactivate HIV. This conclusion seems to still be awaiting peer review.
References
Antibiotics
Steroids |
4001308 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crazyracing%20Kartrider | Crazyracing Kartrider | Crazyracing KartRider () is an online multiplayer racing game developed by Nexon Korea Corporation. It is part of the Crazy Arcade franchise. It earns revenue by selling virtual items within the in-game shop, including different types of vehicles and spraypaints. KartRider features fictitious fantasy vehicles and branded game models based on real-life cars, developed in collaboration with companies such as BMW Korea.
Gameplay
The game offers a variety of game modes, primarily based around item races using power-ups (comparable to Mario Kart). Speed racing which requires the player to drift to gain boost items.
Development
The initial South Korean version was released on June 1, 2004. Localized versions launched in China as PopKart () on March 18, 2006, and Taiwan on January 4, 2007. A closed beta for an English version of KartRider began in America on May 1, 2007, and ended on May 31, 2007. The open beta began on October 2, 2007, and ended on March 19, 2008. It was then closed without statement by Nexon America; all references to the game were subsequently removed from the company's website. Later versions were released in Thailand, Vietnam (as BoomSpeed), Russia, Indonesia, and Japan, which all closed eventually.
On March 11, 2011, Nexon America released a mobile version of KartRider for the Apple App Store under the name KartRider Rush. This version closed later on as well. A KartRider client released for Facebook called KartRider Dash has been shut down as of April 15, 2014.
On May 12, 2020, KartRider Rush+ was released on Google Play and the iOS App Store, the latter already having provided a Chinese version the year before.
Reception
By 2007, about 25% of South Koreans had played the game at least once. , the game has reached a total of over registered users worldwide on the PC platform, including over half of the Korean population and over 45% of the Taiwanese population.
The mobile version KartRider Rush+ surpassed 10 million downloads globally after its first two weeks of release. It has also topped the Google Play ranking of South Korea.
By 2020, the franchise had grossed over worldwide in lifetime revenue. , it has grossed over worldwide.
KartRider: Drift
On November 14, 2019, Nexon announced an updated cross-platform version under the name KartRider: Drift at Microsoft's X019 which will be released worldwide in 2022. This is the first time the franchise is released on console and have cross-platform capability.
A first closed beta test began on December 6, 2019, and ended on December 9, 2019. A second closed beta lasted from June 4, 2020, to June 10, 2020. After an extended period of development, a third closed beta test was held between December 9, 2021, and December 15, 2021.
References
External links
KartRider: Drift website
2004 video games
Multiplayer online games
Karting video games
Racing video games
Video games developed in South Korea
Nexon games
Windows games
Windows-only games |
4001311 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Backlash%20%28Marc%20Slayton%29 | Backlash (Marc Slayton) | Backlash is a fictional character from the Wildstorm universe who first appeared in StormWatch #3 in 1993 and was featured in his own comic book series, which ran from 1994 to 1997. His daughter Jodi also uses the name.
Fictional character biography
Marc Slayton was born in Atlantis about three thousand years ago, the son of a human mother and Lord S'ylton, an enhanced Kherubim lord of the alien colony Atlantis. When his father sacrifices his life to imprison one-time allies the D'rahn, a race of hostile aliens whose attack leads to the sinking of Atlantis, young Marc is spirited away by Ferrian, his father's former advisor. Ferrian raises the child to adulthood, tutoring him in fighting skills for his protection. Once Marc is old enough to look after himself, Ferrian drops out of sight and leaves him to fend for himself.
Marc spends the next three thousand years travelling around the world, living a life of adventure. He has only fragmented memories of his long life. At one point he is a ninja, at another he is a medieval knight. In World War II, he is recruited for a mission as an intelligence specialist for Team Zero. No rank is seen until the 1960s when he is an Air Force Colonel, working as part of the extraterrestrial threats squad Team One. Later he joins Team 7, a special ops unit which is deliberately exposed to a mutagenic chemical called the Gen-Factor. All of the members develop superhuman powers—in Marc's case some of these are the result of his alien heritage being fully activated. Team 7 finish their final mission and then go AWOL, but Marc makes a deal with their boss, brokering his services (and those of John Lynch and Michael Cray) in return for the rest of the squad and their families being left alone.
Stormwatch
Backlash is then assigned to join and spy on StormWatch, the U.N.'s crisis-intervention superteam. He works as the group's field leader and instructor until he loses several members of the first team (later dubbed Stormwatch Prime) during a mission in Kuwait. After this tragedy he switches to being the full-time instructor. When a Daemonite called S'ryn puts Marc's girlfriend Major Diane LaSalle into a coma, he deserts StormWatch to track her down, breaking Cabal agent Taboo out of prison to help him on his quest. While he eventually catches his prey and revives Diane, he and Taboo become lovers, and both become fugitives.
Subsequent to this, Marc discovers he had fathered twin children—a girl named Jodi Morinaka and a boy known only as Aries—by an old girlfriend from Japan. He learns of Jodi when she tracks him down after her mother's death. Like her father, Jodi's alien genes give her superhuman powers, and she takes the identity of Crimson so she can adventure with him. Backlash and Taboo arrange a pardon for their crimes in return for working for the United States' Department of Paranormal Science Investigations (PSI). Taboo's initial approach by the government results in a multi-super-powers fight throughout the house as several of the FBI agents lose their cool and employ violence. "Backlash" #21. In the same issue, Marc is dealing with emotions over Ares, he has recently learned not only that he has a son, but Ares is a cold-blooded, brain-washed assassin.
Marc makes friends with the animal-faced adventurer Dingo, who helps him out on more than one case. It is around this point Marc finally learns of his Kherubim ancestry—for reasons best known to himself, Ferrian had never told Marc. Marc is placed in charge of forming a team of superpowered operatives codenamed Wildcore for Department PSI.
Around this time Marc battles several of Dingo's associates, a race of animal-people that call themselves The Kindred.
More Tragedy
In an issue of WILDC.A.T.s, the long-lived Savant attempts to recruit Marc for a new version of the team. He turns her down.
He works with Wildcore until most of this team are killed trying to stop a breakout at the Purgatory Max facility, as seen in the Gen-Active series. Marc survives thanks to the assistance of former DV8 member Evo who had been imprisoned for the murder of an NYPD officer. Marc loses a leg, has it replaced with an artificial one and returns to duty.
According to his daughter, Marc gives up the name "Backlash"; seeking, as she put it, to keep it in the family, Jodi uses it herself. Marc Slayton appears in Sleeper as a plainclothes agent of Department PSI with the rank of Commander.
Re-Emergence
In a back-up story that ran through four different Wildstorm titles, Marc was featured in a story called "Slayton: Gauntlet" in which he must escape from the mutated experiments held within International Operations Research and Containment Facility #42 in New Mexico. Throughout the story, Slayton is required to use his powers in order to survive, revealing that he retains the ability to turn into mist, as well as use his psi-whips. At the conclusion of the arc, Marc laments not having his costume and plans to seek out some of his former Team 7 cohorts, indicating a possible return to his more active role in the Wildstorm universe.
Team 7 Returns
In Wild C.A.T.S issue 14, Lynch approaches the Wild C.A.T.S. with Team 7 in order to team up with them and face the god-like Tao, who is consolidating his power in hopes of reigning over the post-Armageddon world. While severely outmatched, the C.A.T.S. and Team 7 get assistance from Max Faraday, who downloaded God-like abilities from the internet and has saved scores of people in pocket universes that he's kept hidden from super heroes and villains alike. However, Tao wants Max's power, and lures him into battle, leaving Slayton and other Team 7 members to battle Tao's cronies. Slayton is seen leaping into battle and using his psi-whips to lift and incapacitate Blackwolf while Ladytron blasts him with a sonic beam from her mouth.
Alternate version
In one alternate universe, Marc Slayton works as team leader for Stormwatch, headed by Jack Hawksmoor.
The Wild Storm
In the 2017 reboot of the WildStorm line, The Wild Storm, Marc Slayton is one of the members of Project: Thunderbook, an Internal Operations project run by former director John Lynch. In Thunderbook, Slayton and others had their DNA spliced with that of alien(Kherubim/Khera) descent, giving him extraordinary powers as a part of his 'implant.'
However, after Lynch was forced out of I/O, Project: Thunderbook was shut down, and the subjects given cover identities. Over the years, Slayton's implant became sentient and aware of its descent, allying itself with the Khera on earth. As the implant began to communicate with Slayton, his mental state began to deteriorate, as he began to murder people to feed the implant, which he calls the "Carer," a misheard version of Khera.
When I/O began to look into Project: Thunderbook, John Lynch began to track down the previous subjects, starting with Slayton. However, when Lynch found out about his loss of sanity, Slayton attempted to murder him. After Lynch escaped, Slayton began to hunt him down, along with other Gen:Active subjects created by I/O rival Skywatch's Dr. Helspont after the deterioration of Thunderbook. Along the way, Slayton murdered one other Skywatch implanted agent, and attempted to attack Midnighter and Apollo, but fled as soon as it was clear he could not take them. Slayton eventually found Lynch after he warned all of the other members of Thunderbook, but was convinced by him to instead go to New York to take out I/O, as it would be beneficial to the 'Carer.'
Powers and abilities
Thanks to his Kherubim genes, Marc is virtually immortal and has accrued three thousand years of combat experience. He is an expert martial artist and trained in the use of most weapons. His agility is superhuman. Exposure to the Gen-Factor released several latent powers, including the ability to generate psychic energy whips out the backs of his hands. He can use these whips for various purposes; in combat he uses them to constrict his opponents, shocking them with the energy running through the whips or to cut through objects. He can use the energy whips as grappling hooks. The whips are very durable, but beings of great strength can break them, causing painful psionic feedback.
Marc can also transform his body and clothes into mist - as well as being useful for infiltration and defense, this also allows him to swiftly heal most injuries, which tend to vanish after transforming to mist and back. While he could at first use this ability at will, when the Gen-Factor was flushed from his system, his ability to use this power was restricted to only once or twice a day. However, his energy whips had doubled in power as a result. When first exposed to the Gen-Factor, Marc had extensive psionic powers including telepathy and telekinesis, but these powers waned over the years and even completely disappeared together with the Gen-Factor removed from his system.
It is possible that his telekinetic powers contributed to the strengthening of his psionic whips, which are in actuality just a visible mental projection that allow Marc to manipulate matter with his mind. For instance, if one did not see the whips, it would appear that Marc was picking up an object, or slicing an object in half with telekinetic abilities, so it can be argued that Marc's stronger psi-whips are due to his telekinetic powers becoming part and parcel of his psychic energy whips.
Although he had not been seen using his abilities since the loss of his leg during the Wildcore tragedy, succeeding stories imply that Marc Slayton retains his powers in some form. He still has the ability to turn into mist, though he can only do it once a day, for a limited time, and can only 'take along' things very close to his skin, i.e. a costume, since his loose shirt, pants, and cybernetic leg remained behind when he used this ability to escape to safety while being attacked by a monstrous creature. This is a serious denigration of this ability, as Backlash was once capable of turning several people into mist along with him.
Marc also uses his psi-whips, which now appear to have reverted to their purple hue (they were originally pink, then purple, and finally yellow after the Gen-Factor was flushed from his system, when they took on a more erratic, "energetic" appearance along with the shift to being yellow.) After not using them
for some time, during Slayton: Gauntlet, he used them in the final scene, explaining that he is "never unarmed." The whips maintained their previous "high energy" appearance, unlike the more "flaming tendril" look that they had prior to the Gen-Factor leaving his body. In recent issues of Wild C.A.T.S. Slayton uses the whips in much the same way he did as far back as The Kindred, lifting and incapacitating a large enemy, in this case, Blackwolf. The whips are not represented as coming from the backs of his hands as has been traditionally depicted, but rather, from anywhere in the erratic sphere of energy surrounding Slayton's fists.
References
1994 comics debuts
DC Comics characters who are shapeshifters
DC Comics characters who have mental powers
DC Comics characters who can move at superhuman speeds
DC Comics martial artists
DC Comics telekinetics
Fictional characters with immortality
Fictional whip users
Wildstorm Universe superheroes
WildStorm titles
Stormwatch and the Authority characters
Point Blank and Sleeper characters
Characters created by Jim Lee
Characters created by Brett Booth |
5396568 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelly%20West | Shelly West | Shelly West (born May 23, 1958) is an American country music singer. Her mother was the country music star Dottie West, whose career spanned three decades. The younger West reached her peak in popularity during the 1980s before mostly retiring in the wake of her mother's death.
Biography
1981–1987
West was born in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, where her mother, country star/songwriter Dottie West began appearing on the television program Landmark Jamboree as one half of a country-pop vocal duo called the Kay-Dots alongside partner Kathy Dee as Dottie was reinventing herself as a country pop star, and as she grew up in the country music genre, Shelly's style was not significantly different from that of her mother's. West is best known for her hit duets with David Frizzell, especially their number-one hit "You're the Reason God Made Oklahoma". She also was a successful solo artist, having her own number-one hit, "José Cuervo" in 1983. West was married to Allen Frizzell between 1981 and 1985.
1987–1992: Retirement
West did reunite with Frizzell for a few shows in the late 1980s. West married Garry Hood in 1986 and had twin sons. In 1990, Shelly toured with her mother, Dottie; together, they were popular on the road. On August 30, 1991, Dottie was involved in a major car accident, eventually dying five days later, on September 4, from injuries sustained in the accident. West was a technical adviser for a television biopic about her mother's life, Big Dreams and Broken Hearts: The Dottie West Story, produced by and starring actress Michele Lee. At that point, amid major changes in the country music industry that impacted the careers of many established country stars, the younger West retired to focus on her family.
Post-retirement
In June 2005, CMT honored Shelly and her duet partner, David Frizzell, when they were voted number six on its 100 Greatest Duets Special. Although they did not perform any songs, Shelly West and David Frizzell appeared on the special, for which West was interviewed. West appeared on numerous episodes of Country Family Reunion on RFD-TV.
West has returned to performing occasionally since 2012. She reunited with David Frizzell for two shows on October 13, 2012, at the God and Country Theater in Branson, Missouri. The duo played another show on November 2, 2013, at the Americana Theater in Branson.
Discography
Studio albums
Compilations
Singles
Singles with David Frizzell
Awards
See also
Dottie West (1932–1991; West's mother)
David Frizzell (West's duet partner)
References
External links
CMT.com: Shelly West
1958 births
Living people
American country singer-songwriters
American women country singers
Musicians from Cleveland
Singer-songwriters from Ohio
Country musicians from Ohio
21st-century American women |
5396578 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Millencolin%20/%20Midtown | Millencolin / Midtown | Millencolin / Midtown is a split album by Swedish punk rock band Millencolin and American pop-punk band Midtown, released on 28 May 2001 via Golf Records.
Track listing
Millencolin - "No Cigar"
Millencolin - "Black Eye" (early version)
Millencolin - "Buzzer" (extended version)
Midtown - "Let Go"
Midtown - "Get it Together"
Midtown - "You Should Know"
Personnel
Millencolin
Nikola Sarcevic - lead vocals, bass
Erik Ohlsson - guitar
Mathias Färm - guitar
Fredrik Larzon - drums
Midtown
Gabe Saporta - lead vocals, bass
Tyler Rann - vocals, guitar
Heath Saraceno - vocals, guitar
Rob Hitt - drums
Millencolin albums
Split EPs
2001 EPs
Midtown (band) albums |
5396583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ashland%20Middle%20School | Ashland Middle School | Ashland Middle School may refer to:
Ashland Middle School in Ashland, Massachusetts
Ashland Middle School, part of the Ashland School District (Oregon) in Ashland, Oregon
Ashland Middle School (Ashland, Wisconsin) |
5396588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Put%20a%20Light%20in%20the%20Window | Put a Light in the Window | "Put a Light in the Window" is a popular song written by Kenny Jacobson, and Rhoda Roberts.
The Four Lads recorded the song on October 27, 1957, and a single was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 41058. It first reached the Billboard charts on December 9, 1957. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at #8; on the Best Seller chart, at #39; on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached #35.
The King Brothers covered the song which was released as a single in the UK in 1958 and reached #25 in the national chart.
References
1957 singles
The Four Lads songs |
5396589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vollen%2C%20Asker | Vollen, Asker | Vollen is a part of the Asker municipality in Viken county, Norway. For statistical purposes, it is usually treated as part of the Oslo urban area. It is mainly a residential area, though the area has a café, a restaurant, several art galleries, a primary school and secondary school.
Location
Vollen is situated about south of the main settlement of Asker. Vollen lies next to the western coast of the Oslofjord. Vollen itself lies around above sea level at the top, and next to the sea at the bottom. Slemmestadveien goes directly through Vollen centre.
The Vollen postal code is 1390 and 1391.
Politics
Although the municipality of Asker is traditionally a conservative stronghold, with Høyre (Conservative Party) having a strong position in the local government, Arbeiderpartiet (Labour Party) got the most votes in both the 2005 and the 2001 elections. Fremskrittspartiet (Progress Party) was the second largest party in 2005, recording 22.6% of the votes, while Høyre got 19.2%. No other parties had anywhere above 8% in the recent election, though the Sosialistisk Venstreparti (Socialist Left Party) was the fourth-largest party in 2001 with 14.1%. Their decline in 2005 reflected a nationwide trend. Both in 2001 and 2005, the result of the nation and the results in Vollen were quite similar, although the Conservatives were stronger in Vollen and the Kristelig Folkeparti (Christian Democratic Party) and the Senterpartiet (Centre Party) were weaker.
Infrastructure
The most famous place in Vollen is perhaps the local bakery "Café Oscar", run by the local people. Vollen has also Mats and Martin (restaurant), Galleri Pink (art gallery), Hebbe Lilles (art gallery), Søstrene Sagen (interior shop), Herligheten (gift shop) and Kroa (a large dock and dining place). There is no local library (the nearest is in Slemmestad, Heggedal or Asker).
The local school, Arnestad barneskole, was built in 1992, and expanded several times. As of June 2006, it had 500 pupils aged from 6 to 13 (first to seventh grade), and does not split the pupils into classes which they keep for the whole seven-year period in the school; instead, they are in working groups which may change from year to year or even more frequently. Arnestad school has almost 80 employees.
The local secondary school, Vollen Ungdomskole, was built in 2001. As of June 2006, it had 379 pupils aged from 13 to 16 (eight to tenth grade), and does not split the pupils into classes which they keep for the whole three-year period in the school; instead, they are in working groups which may change from year to year or even more frequently.
Transport
A boat service (Hurtigbåten, or "speed boat") operates from the western coast of Oslo to the east coast of the Oslofjord. There are also bus services to the centre of Vollen.
Sports
Vollen Ungdomslag (VUL), the local sports club, was founded in 1914. It currently has a football division with junior teams up to the age of 19. The men's football currently plays on the fifth highest level of the Norwegian league system.
Vollen is also host to a lot of sailing, especially during the summer.
The Maud
In 1916 (or 1917) the Arctic expedition ship Maud was built here and launched into Oslofjord. The ship was designed and built especially for Roald Amundsen and sailed through the Northeast Passage between 1918 and 1924. Sold to the Hudson's Bay Company as the supply vessel Baymaud she sank at Cambridge Bay, Northwest Territories (now Nunavut), Canada in 1930. In 1990, the ship was sold by the Hudson's Bay Company to Asker town with the expectation that she would be returned there; however the export permit expired due to the 230 million kroner ($43,200,000) cost to repair and move the ship. In 2011 a new project was commenced to salvage Maud and transport her to a new museum to be built at Vollen.
On 31 July 2016 it was reported that the hull of Maud had been raised to the surface and placed on a barge in preparation for shipment to Norway. In August 2017 Maud began the journey back to Norway; she was towed through the Northwest Passage. In September 2017 she arrived in Greenland to stay for the winter. Maud arrived in Bergen on 6 August 2018, finally returning to Norway nearly a century after her departure with Amundsen. She was then towed along the Norwegian coast, and arrived at Vollen on 18 August.
References
Villages in Viken (county)
Villages in Akershus
Villages in Asker
Villages in Northern Asker
Asker |
5396593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mastoid%20cells | Mastoid cells | The mastoid cells (also called air cells of Lenoir or mastoid cells of Lenoir) are air-filled cavities within the mastoid process of the temporal bone of the cranium. The mastoid cells are a form of skeletal pneumaticity. Infection in these cells is called mastoiditis. The term "cells" refers to enclosed spaces, not cells as living, biological units.
Anatomy
A section of the mastoid process will show it to be hollowed out into a number of spaces which exhibit great variety in their size and number. At the upper and front part of the process they are large and irregular and contain air, but toward the lower part they diminish in size, while those at the apex of the process are frequently quite small and contain marrow. Occasionally they are entirely absent and the mastoid is solid throughout.
Development
At birth, the mastoid is not pneumatized, but becomes aerated before age six.
Function
The air cells are hypothesised to protect the temporal bone and the inner and middle ear against trauma and to regulate air pressure.
Clinical significance
Infections in the middle ear can easily spread into the mastoid area via the aditus ad antrum and mastoid antrum, causing mastoiditis.
References
External links
Bones of the head and neck
Ear |
5396595 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Niccol%C3%B2%20dell%27Arca | Niccolò dell'Arca | Niccolò dell’Arca (c. 1435-1440 – 2 March 1494) was an Italian Early Renaissance sculptor, who worked mostly in terracotta. He is also known under the names Niccolò da Ragusa, Niccolò da Bari and Niccolò d'Antonio d'Apulia. The surname “dell’Arca” refers to his contribution to the Arca di San Domenico.
The place and the year of his birth are not certain. He was probably born in Apulia, perhaps in Bari, and then most likely lived for some time in Dalmatia. According to C. Gnudi (see ref.) he received training there by the Dalmatian sculptor Giorgio da Sebenico.
The Burgundian elements in his sculpture are attributed by some art historians to his presumed participation in the triumphal arch of the Castel Nuovo in Naples during the 1450s (where he would have known the Catalan sculptor Guillem Sagrera and would be influenced by his style).
Others, rejecting his training in Naples, contend instead that he travelled to France in the late 1460s. According to them, his further training then allegedly took place in Siena, influenced by the works of Jacopo della Quercia and Donatello.
Career and works
He was mentioned for the first time in September 1462 in Bologna as Maestro Nicolò da Puglia, a “master of terracotta figures”. This probably refers to the “Compianto sul Cristo morto”, terracotta group in the sanctuary of Santa Maria della Vita in Bologna (also mentioned in a Bull of 1464 by Pope Paul II). A life-size group of six separate figures stand lamenting in a semicircle around the dead Christ in a lying posture. The dramatic pathos, the expressions of grief and torment of the figures is intensified by the realism of their dramatic facial details. However the date of this innovative contribution to Renaissance sculpture is uncertain. Instead of c. 1460, some date it between 1485 and 1490.
In 1469 he got the commission of an ambitious new addition on the Arca di San Domenico: a spiral superstructure and several free-standing figures on top of the sarcophagus. This sarcophagus with the remains of Saint Dominic had been sculpted two centuries before by Nicola Pisano and his workshop (between 1265 and 1267). It had been completed by Arnolfo di Cambio and fra Guglielmo Agnelli. Niccolò dell’Arca added an elaborate spire with an impressive statue of “God the Father” on top of a candelabrum, held by two putti and four dolphins, all covered with festoons with fruit. On the cornice at its base is in the middle a small Pietà, flanked by two angels, while on the four corners stand the four Evangelists in oriental dress. The lower part of the superstructure is surrounded by free-standing figures: the Patron Saints of Bologna (Saint Francis of Assisi), San Petronio (began by Niccolò but finished by young Michelangelo in 1494), Saint Dominic and Saint Florian. On the back stand St Anne, St John the Baptist (sculpted by Girolamo Cortellini in 1539), San Procolo and San Vitale. Niccolò also added the Candlestick-holding Angel on the left side of the altar slab (the one on the right side is by Michelangelo).
Niccolò dell’Arca worked on this masterpiece between 1469 and 1473, leaving it unfinished. He probably continued intermittently at it until his death. Art critics see in this masterpiece a blend of influences: Burgundian, Florentine and non-Tuscan (such as details in clothing). The way these statuettes express their emotions and the patterns in their dresses and hair evoke the style of Jacopo della Quercia.
Some other important works include the terracotta bust of Saint Dominic (1474) (in the museum of the Basilica of San Domenico in Bologna), a marble statue of St. John the Baptist (in the Escorial in Madrid) and the terracotta figure of Saint Monica (c. 1478-1480) (Museum Palace in Modena).
Also notable is the terracotta high relief of Madonna di Piazza (1478) on the wall of the Palazzo Comunale in Bologna. In the marked drapery folds is seen the influence of Jacopo della Quercia and also traces of the dynamic naturalism of his contemporary Andrea del Verrocchio.
References
Italian Renaissance sculptors
15th-century births
1494 deaths
People from Apulia
15th-century Italian sculptors
Italian male sculptors
Catholic sculptors |
5396602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Mar%C3%ADa%2C%20Catamarca | Santa María, Catamarca | Santa María is a city in the province of Catamarca, Argentina. It has about 17,030 inhabitants per the , and is the head town of the department of the same name.
Climate
References
Populated places in Catamarca Province |
5396603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank%20of%20Africa%20%28Morocco%29 | Bank of Africa (Morocco) | Bank of Africa (formerly the Moroccan Bank of Foreign Commerce, () or BMCE Bank) is a large commercial bank in Morocco. According to the company's website, it operates over 697 branches in Morocco alone. and 560 branches in the rest of the african continent. Bank of Africa has offices in Europe, Asia, France, Spain, United Kingdom, China, Italy, Germany, UAE, Belgium, Canada and Netherlands.
The bank's stock is listed on the Bourse de Casablanca, or the Casablanca Stock Exchange.
Related organizations :
Members of the BMCE Group include :
Bank of Africa – bank holding company
BMCE Bank International – international business
BMCE Capital – investment banking
RMA Watanya – insurance
Meditel – telecom
Medi 1 – radio station
Maghrebail – leasing
FinanceCom – holding company
Africa Morocco Link – shipping company
References
External links
Banque Marocaine du Commerce Extérieur Exterieur
Currency Exchange Practices at Moroccan Banks
Banks of Morocco
Companies based in Casablanca |
5396605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerrillos%2C%20Salta | Cerrillos, Salta | Cerrillos is a city in the province of Salta, Argentina. It has about 18,000 inhabitants as per the , and it is the head town of the Cerrillos Department. It is located just 15 km south of the city of Salta, capital of the province.
Climate
References
Populated places in Salta Province |
5396615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerrillos%20Department | Cerrillos Department | Cerrillos is a department of Salta Province, Argentina, located near Salta city. Its capital is the town of Cerrillos.
Geography
Localities and places:
Cerrillos
La Merced
San Agustín
Sumalao
Villa Los Álamos
See also
Tren a las Nubes
Salta–Antofagasta railway
References
External links
Cerrillos Department on Salta Province website
Departments of Salta Province |
5396624 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBXG-LD | WBXG-LD | WBXG-LD, virtual and UHF digital channel 33, was a low-powered Sonlife-affiliated television station licensed to Gainesville, Florida, United States. The station was owned by L4 Media Group. The station's transmitter was located along SW 8th Avenue in west Gainesville.
History
WBXG-LD began operations on April 13, 1989, as W31AT, broadcasting on UHF channel 31. The station was originally an affiliate of The Box, a broadcast network where viewers could call-in to request (via a code) their favorite music video(s) be played, much like a call-in music radio station. The station later changed its call letters to WBXG-LP, which reflected its association with The Box network and the City of Gainesville.
In May 1999, The Box was acquired by MTV Networks division of Viacom and as a result, WBXG-LP became an affiliate of MTV2 when The Box was merged into that network's operations on January 1, 2001. About a year later, WBXG-LP upgraded to Class A as WBXG-CA and started broadcasting on channel 33.
By the early 2010s, Viacom had gradually sold most of their broadcast affiliates to other parties and in July 2015, WBXG dropped MTV2 and affiliated with Sonlife.
Digital television
Digital channels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
WBXG-CA shut down its analog signal to convert to digital in 2016 and changed its call letters to WBXG-LD on August 2 of that year.
Spectrum reallocation
As part of the upcoming Spectrum reallocation, WBXG-LD in 2018 obtained a construction permit to move its digital signal to UHF channel 34. However, it was later canceled along with the station's licence on May 14, 2019.
See also
Channel 33 low-power TV stations in the United States
References
External links
http://www.sonlifetv.com/index.html
https://transition.fcc.gov/fcc-bin/tvq?facid=70413
Television channels and stations established in 1990
BXG-LD
Low-power television stations in the United States
1990 establishments in Florida
Defunct television stations in the United States
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2019
2019 disestablishments in Florida
BXG-LD |
5396625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WBXT-LD | WBXT-LD | WBXT-LD was an Sonlife Broadcasting Network affiliate for Tallahassee, Florida. It was owned by L4 Media Group, and broadcast on digital UHF channel 43. It was also an affiliate of The Box until that network's acquisition by Viacom in 2001 and became an MTV2 affiliate soon after.
The station's license was cancelled by the Federal Communications Commission on May 15, 2019.
References
External links
BXT-LD
BXT-LD |
5396638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enchanted%20Island%20%28song%29 | Enchanted Island (song) | "Enchanted Island" is a popular song, published in 1958, with music written by Robert Allen and lyrics by Al Stillman. The song was featured as the title song of producer Benedict Bogeaus' feature film Enchanted Island, starring Dana Andrews and Jane Powell, and performed on the soundtrack by The Four Lads.
The recording by The Four Lads (made February 16, 1958) was released by Columbia Records as catalog number 41194. It first reached the Billboard charts on July 14, 1958. On the Disk Jockey chart, it peaked at #12; on the Best Seller chart, at #32; on the composite chart of the top 100 songs, it reached #29.
References
1958 singles
The Four Lads songs
Songs with music by Robert Allen (composer)
Songs with lyrics by Al Stillman
1958 songs |
4001316 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Mar%C3%ADa%20Flores%20Burl%C3%B3n | José María Flores Burlón | José María Flores Burlón (born February 10, 1955) is an Uruguayan former professional boxer. Flores Burlón had a total of 115 professional bouts. He challenged once for the WBC Cruiserweight title in 1988.
Boxing career
Early career
Flores Burlón began his professional boxing career on February 6, 1976, defeating Alejandro García by a six round decision in Pergamino, Argentina. His first fourteen bouts were in Pergamino, he had a record of 13 wins and 1 draw (tie) during that span, the draw coming on September 17 of that same year against Segundo Paiz, over ten rounds.
On January 27, 1977, Flores Burlón had his first fight outside Pergamino, when he outpointed Raul Antonio Paez over ten rounds in Arrecife, Argentina.
Eventually, Flores Burlón built a record of 27 wins, no losses and two draws, with ten knockouts, before he faced Pedro Cesar Duarte, on March 3, 1978 in San Luis, Argentina. Flores Burlón lost for the first time as a professional, when Duarte outpointed him over ten rounds.
Championship title
After three more victories and one loss, Flores Burlón fought for a title for the first time. His first championship bout also marked his debut in Uruguay. He beat Marcelo Quiñones on August 12, 1978 at Montevideo to win the South American Middleweight title, which had been vacant since Hugo Corro had defeated Rodrigo Valdéz for the world championship.
Flores Burlón lost the South American title in his first defense, being knocked out in round four by Ruben Pardo on January 12, 1979 in Mar del Plata, Argentina.
Flores Burlón then had some career ups and downs, winning 2, losing 2 and drawing 1 of his next five bouts. After losing on November 2 to Rogelio Zarza. After that fight, he began a twelve-fight win streak, when he beat Aldo Carmona by a knockout in eight rounds, on April 24, 1980. Among the twelve victories in that streak were a second round knockout over Zarza, a ten round decision win against Duarte, and a twelve round decision over Pardo on April 25, 1981 in Buenos Aires. His victory over Pardo made him South American Middleweight champion for the second time. On June 13 of that year, Flores Burlón met another well known Middleweight of the area, Juan Roldán. He lost to Roldán by a third round knockout.
Fame
Flores Burlón began another winning streak when he defeated Jorge Servin by a knockout in five rounds on August 8. He won 19 bouts in a row, including a third fight with Rogelio Zarza, and his United States debut, when he knocked Dornell Wigfall out in six rounds as part of the Michael Spinks vs. Dwight Muhammad Qawi fight's undercard on March 18, 1983 in Atlantic City, New Jersey. By then, Flores Burlón had changed division, becoming a world ranked light heavyweight. Flores Burlón became famous across Latin America, Ring En Español dedicating many articles to him.
Despite being defeated with a second round knockout by Cesar Abel Romero on July 30 of 1983, Flores Burlón was named South American Light Heavyweight champion. He lost that title on his first defense, being knocked out in round one by Juan Carlos Gimenez Ferreyra, on November 13, in Asunción, Paraguay. Almost one year later, on November 10, 1984, he recovered the South American Light Heavyweight title, defeating Victor Robledo by a twelve round decision in Buenos Aires.
World Championship try
On May 25, 1986, Flores Burlón conquered his third regional belt when he won the South American Cruiserweight title by knocking Hector Pedro Rohr out in the fourth round, at the Argentine city of Necochea. On August 8, he outpointed former world champion Marvin Camel in ten rounds, once again in Buenos Aires. After this win, Flores Burlón was ranked number one among Cruiserweight challengers in the world.
On January 22, 1988, Flores Burlón had his first world title try. Attempting to become Uruguay's first world boxing champion in history, he lost a twelve round unanimous decision to Puerto Rican Carlos de León, the World Boxing Council's champion, in Atlantic City. This would turn out to be the only world championship fight Flores Burlón ever had.
Flores Burlón boxed for twelve more years, winning the WBA's Fedelatin (Latin American) and WBC's mundo Hispano (Hispanic world)'s Light Cruiserweight titles. He retired after beating Reginaldo Dos Santos by a knockout in round six on September 9, 2000, to retain his mundo Latino belt.
Overall career
Flores Burlón had 96 wins, 11 losses and 8 draws, with 47 knockout wins. He is a resident of Pergamino, Argentina, where he held many of his early professional bouts.
Professional boxing record
|-
|align="center" colspan=8|96 Wins (47 knockouts, 49 decisions), 11 Losses (6 knockouts, 5 decisions), 8 Draws
|-
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Result
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Record
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Opponent
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Type
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Round
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Date
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Location
| align="center" style="border-style: none none solid solid; background: #e3e3e3"|Notes
|-align=center
|Win
|
|align=left| Edson Cesar Antonio
|RTD
|7
|29/09/2000
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Raul Esteban Barreto
|UD
|10
|04/08/2000
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Aaron Orlando Soria
|UD
|12
|16/06/2000
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Argemiro Antonio dos Santos
|KO
|2
|05/05/2000
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Draw
|
|align=left| Edson Cesar Antonio
|PTS
|8
|24/03/2000
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Julio Abel Gonzalez
|UD
|8
|18/02/2000
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jonatas dos Santos
|TKO
|6
|21/08/1999
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Hipolito Helmann Rivas
|KO
|1
|19/06/1999
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Mike "The Bounty" Hunter
|TKO
|1
|31/10/1990
|align=left| Melbourne, Australia
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jaime Manque
|KO
|6
|03/08/1990
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Emmanuel Brites Camargo
|TKO
|7
|04/11/1989
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Victor Robledo
|UD
|12
|16/06/1989
|align=left| Paysandú, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Raul Venturelli
|KO
|6
|19/05/1989
|align=left| Paysandú, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Walter Daniel Bustos
|KO
|1
|14/04/1989
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Carlos de León
|UD
|12
|22/01/1988
|align=left| Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Eduardo Domingo Contreras
|PTS
|10
|18/09/1987
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Alberto Adolfo Ubelart
|PTS
|10
|14/08/1987
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Carlos "Hot Rod" Rodriguez
|PTS
|10
|10/07/1987
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Draw
|
|align=left| Juan Carlos "The Fern" Fernandez
|PTS
|10
|06/02/1987
|align=left| Paraná, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jimmy "Millon Dollar" Bills
|PTS
|10
|22/11/1986
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Marvin Camel
|UD
|10
|08/08/1986
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hector Pedro Rohr
|KO
|4
|25/05/1986
|align=left| Necochea, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hilario Rufino
|KO
|3
|18/04/1986
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hector Pedro Rohr
|PTS
|10
|21/12/1985
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hector Pedro Rohr
|PTS
|10
|20/12/1985
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Pedro Cichero
|TKO
|7
|23/11/1985
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Roberto Carlos Cardozo
|TKO
|5
|27/09/1985
|align=left| Rosario, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Clarismundo Aparecido Silva
|TKO
|5
|24/08/1985
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Carlos "Hot Rod" Rodriguez
|PTS
|10
|21/07/1985
|align=left| Villa Ángela, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Jose Leiva
|RTD
|7
|17/05/1985
|align=left| Daireaux, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Victor Robledo
|PTS
|12
|10/11/1984
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Draw
|
|align=left| Angel Antonio Caro
|PTS
|10
|07/09/1984
|align=left| Mar del Plata,Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Jorge Juan Salgado
|PTS
|10
|16/08/1984
|align=left| Mendoza, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Andres Fidel Olmedo
|PTS
|10
|16/03/1984
|align=left| Paraná, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Juan Carlos Gimenez
|KO
|1
|13/11/1983
|align=left| Asunción, Paraguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Andres Fidel Olmedo
|KO
|6
|06/10/1983
|align=left| Asunción, Paraguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Irineo Claudio Cabrera
|KO
|2
|17/09/1983
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Cesar Abel Romero
|KO
|2
|30/07/1983
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Carlos "Hot Rod" Rodriguez
|KO
|7
|01/07/1983
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Aldo Carmona
|TKO
|2
|21/05/1983
|align=left| General Pico, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left|Ruben Paredes
|KO
|1
|06/05/1983
|align=left| Rojas, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Obdulio Rogelio Zarza
|TKO
|5
|13/04/1983
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Dornell Wigfall
|KO
|6
|18/03/1983
|align=left| Atlantic City, New Jersey, U.S.
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Aldo Carmona
|PTS
|10
|23/12/1982
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Ricardo Molina Ortiz
|PTS
|10
|08/10/1982
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Chris "Deep" Wells
|TKO
|8
|06/08/1982
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Norberto Rufino Cabrera
|TKO
|9
|26/06/1982
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jose Alberto Vega
|TKO
|2
|24/05/1982
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Alfredo "The Sauce" Morales
|KO
|2
|07/05/1982
|align=left| San Nicolás de los Arroyos, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Abel Celestino Bailone
|PTS
|10
|10/04/1982
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jesus Eugenio Ibanez
|TKO
|8
|12/03/1982
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Angel Gustavo Salinas
|PTS
|10
|20/02/1982
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Angel Gustavo Salinas
|PTS
|10
|18/12/1981
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Norberto Rufino Cabrera
|PTS
|10
|20/11/1981
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Carlos "The Fern" Fernandez
|KO
|6
|06/11/1981
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jesus Eugenio Ibanez
|PTS
|10
|04/09/1981
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jorge Servin
|TKO
|5
|08/08/1981
|align=left| San Miguel, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Juan Roldán
|TKO
|3
|13/06/1981
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Alberto Ibanez
|PTS
|10
|29/05/1981
|align=left| San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Natalio Ibarra
|KO
|6
|15/05/1981
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Ruben Hector Pardo
|PTS
|12
|25/04/1981
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jose Luis Duran
|TKO
|9
|24/04/1981
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Pedro Cesar Duarte
|PTS
|10
|13/03/1981
|align=left| San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Obdulio Rogelio Zarza
|PTS
|10
|19/12/1980
|align=left| Tapiales, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| "Councilman" Manuel Flores
|TKO
|2
|10/10/1980
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hugo Belisario Salega
|RTD
|3
|12/09/1980
|align=left| San Miguel, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Crispin de Oliveira
|TKO
|6
|14/06/1980
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Obdulio Rogelio Zarza
|PTS
|10
|24/05/1980
|align=left| Concordia, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Roberto Troilo Ortiz
|KO
|2
|10/05/1980
|align=left| Los Toldos, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Aldo Carmona
|RTD
|8
|24/04/1980
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Obdulio Rogelio Zarza
|TKO
|9
|02/11/1979
|align=left| Concordia, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Alberto Juan Almiron
|PTS
|10
|05/10/1979
|align=left| San Miguel, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| "San" Antonio Lopez
|RTD
|10
|31/08/1979
|align=left| Rosario, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Draw
|
|align=left| Obdulio Rogelio Zarza
|PTS
|10
|10/08/1979
|align=left| Salta, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Jose Alberto Vega
|PTS
|10
|13/07/1979
|align=left| Rosario, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Ruben Hector Pardo
|TKO
|4
|12/01/1979
|align=left| Mar del Plata, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Draw
|
|align=left| Hugo Estefano Obregon
|PTS
|10
|25/11/1978
|align=left| Olavarría, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Oscar Aguero
|KO
|8
|13/10/1978
|align=left| Azul, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Alberto Juan Almiron
|PTS
|10
|23/09/1978
|align=left| Salta, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Draw
|
|align=left| Jose Alberto Vega
|PTS
|10
|08/09/1978
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Marcelo Quiñones
|PTS
|12
|12/08/1978
|align=left| Montevideo, Uruguay
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Roque Ignacio Roldan
|PTS
|10
|07/07/1978
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Ruben Hector Pardo
|PTS
|10
|27/05/1978
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Alberto Juan Almiron
|TD
|7
|05/05/1978
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Ricardo Arce
|PTS
|10
|06/04/1978
|align=left| Posadas, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Loss
|
|align=left| Pedro Cesar Duarte
|PTS
|10
|03/03/1978
|align=left| San Luis, Córdoba, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Obdulio Rogelio Zarza
|PTS
|10
|30/01/1978
|align=left| Azul, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Pedro Cesar Duarte
|PTS
|10
|23/12/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Roque Ignacio Roldan
|PTS
|10
|11/11/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Alberto Juan Almiron
|PTS
|10
|22/10/1977
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Pedro Cesar Duarte
|KO
|10
|01/10/1977
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| "San" Antonio Lopez
|TKO
|8
|16/09/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Rodolfo Rosales
|PTS
|10
|29/08/1977
|align=left| Buenos Aires, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Camilo Gaitan
|PTS
|10
|05/08/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hugo Estefano Obregon
|PTS
|10
|09/07/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Ramon Mendez
|PTS
|10
|03/06/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hugo Inocencio Saavedra
|TKO
|2
|20/05/1977
|align=left| Córdoba, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Draw
|
|align=left| Camilo Gaitan
|PTS
|10
|07/05/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Esteban Alfredo Osuna
|PTS
|10
|09/04/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Raul Antonio Paez
|RTD
|4
|10/03/1977
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Raul Antonio Paez
|PTS
|10
|27/01/1977
|align=left| Arrecifes, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Carlos Artaza
|PTS
|10
|17/12/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hugo Estefano Obregon
|PTS
|10
|25/11/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Segundo Miguel Pais
|KO
|6
|05/11/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Draw
|
|align=left| Segundo Miguel Pais
|PTS
|10
|17/09/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hugo Estefano Obregon
|PTS
|10
|03/09/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Alberto Juan Almiron
|PTS
|10
|07/08/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Juan Jose Santos Paz
|TKO
|8
|16/07/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Jose Pintos
|KO
|3
|18/06/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Octavio Escaurriza
|PTS
|8
|04/06/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Victor Pereyra
|TKO
|3
|24/05/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Hector Rodolfo Altamirano
|PTS
|8
|30/04/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Gregorio Navarro
|KO
|3
|12/03/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Celso Laudino Sosa
|TKO
|3
|20/02/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|-
|Win
|
|align=left| Alejandro Garcia
|PTS
|6
|06/02/1976
|align=left| Pergamino, Argentina
|align=left|
|}
External links
1955 births
Living people
Cruiserweight boxers
Light-heavyweight boxers
Middleweight boxers
Sportspeople from Montevideo
Uruguayan male boxers |
5396656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attijariwafa%20Bank | Attijariwafa Bank | Attijariwafa Bank is a Moroccan multinational commercial bank and financial services company founded and based in Rabat, Morocco. It is the leading bank in Morocco and the largest commercial bank is part of Royal family in Morocco Alaouite Dynasty's holding company the SNI.
It was established after a merger between Banque Commerciale du Maroc and Wafabank and is headquartered in Casablanca. It is the fourth largest in Africa in 2016.
The bank maintains offices in Europe and UK Asia, China, Africa, Paris, Brussels, Madrid, Barcelona, Milan, Shanghai, The Netherlands, Tunisia, Egypt, Senegal, Ghana, Mauritania and Mali. It has been listed on the Casablanca Stock Exchange since 1993.
Ownership
SNI 47.77%
Others 13.83%
MCMA-MAMDA 8.09%
Wafa Assurance 6.61%
SANTUSA HOLDING (Santander Group) 5.27%
Employees 4.54%
RCAR (CDG) 4.26%
CIMR 2.34%
CDG 2.31%
CAISSE MAROCAINE DE RETRAITE (CMR) 2.27%
AXA ASSURANCES MAROC 1.37%
RMA-WATANYA 1.32%
WAFACORP 0.03%
Source:
Subsidiaries
Wafa Assurance
Wafa Cash
Wafa Gestion
Wafa Salaf
Attijari Bank Tunisie
Wafa Immobilier
Key people
Mohamed El Kettani, chair of the board and managing director
Abdelaziz Alami, honorary chair
Antonio Escamez Torres, vice-chairman of the board
Mohamed Arroub, chair of the board and managing director of Wafa Assurance SA
Mouawia Essekelli, managing director of Attijariwafa bank Europe
Laila Mamou, chairp of the Management Board of Wafasalaf
Abdelkrim Raghni, managing director of CBAO Groupe Attijariwafa bank
Wafaa Guessous, secretary
Hassan Bouhemou, director-representative of SNI
Mounir Majidi, director-representative of SIGER
Javier Hidalgo Blazquez, director-representative of Grupo Santander
Hassan Ouriagli, director
Jose Reig Echeveste, director
Manuel Varela, director-representative of Grupo Santander
Abed Yacoubi Soussane, director
Source:
References
External links
Attijariwafa Bank Portal – French language
company profile at Reuters
Banks of Morocco
Banks established in 2004
Société Nationale d'Investissement
2004 establishments in Morocco
Casablanca
Moroccan brands |
4001317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20King%20%28sports%20broadcaster%29 | Charlie King (sports broadcaster) | Charlie King is an Indigenous Australian sports commentator and award-winning anti-family violence campaigner working in Darwin in the Northern Territory of Australia. He is of Gurindji descent.
Media
King is a commentator for ABC Radio's Grandstand sport program based in Darwin. He commentates on various sports including Australian rules football and cricket.
At the 2006 Commonwealth Games, he was the lawn bowls commentator for ABC radio. King was a commentator at the 2008 Beijing Olympics for ABC, becoming the first Indigenous Australian to commentate at an Olympic Games.
Community work
King has worked in child protection for more than 25 years, volunteering as an independent person supporting children without a parent or guardian in trouble with the law. He established the 'No More' initiative in 2006, which used sport to campaign against family violence in Australia.
King was awarded an Order of Australia Medal (OAM) for his service to broadcast media and the Indigenous community in 2015, and was upgraded to Member of the Order of Australia (AM) at the 2021 Queen's Birthday Honours for significant service to the Indigenous community of the Northern Territory. In 2016, King won a Northern Territory human rights award.
References
1951 births
Living people
Australian rules football commentators
Australian radio personalities
People from Darwin, Northern Territory
Anti-domestic violence activists
Recipients of the Medal of the Order of Australia
Members of the Order of Australia
Gurindji |
5396662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hale%20Woodruff | Hale Woodruff | Hale Aspacio Woodruff (August 26, 1900 – September 6, 1980) was an American artist known for his murals, paintings, and prints.
Early life, family and education
Woodruff was born in Cairo, Illinois, in on August 26, 1900. He grew up in a black family in Nashville, Tennessee, where he attended the local segregated schools. He studied at the Herron School of Art and Design in Indianapolis, Chicago Institute of Art, and the Harvard Fogg Art Museum.
Woodruff won an award from the Harmon Foundation in 1926, which enabled him to spend four "crucial years studying in Paris from 1927–31." He studied at the and the Académie Moderne. He learned in the city's museums as well, while getting to know other expatriates, including Henry Ossawa Tanner, the leading African-American artist. Woodruff met leading figures of the French avant-garde and began collecting African art, which was a source of inspiration for many other modernists, including Pablo Picasso.
He returned to the U.S. in 1931 and married Theresa Ada Baker that year. They had one son, Roy.
Art career
Woodruff reluctantly returned to the U.S. due to financial strains from the Great Depression. He worked as an art teacher to support himself. Later he became the art director at Atlanta University, a historically black college. He taught classes at the university's Laboratory High School, as well as for students at Morehouse and Spelman, a related college for black women. He founded the annual competition, Atlanta University Annual Exhibition of Paintings, Sculpture, and Prints by Negro Artists, which featured many African-American artists. This was conducted from 1942 to 1970.
In 1936 Woodruff went to Mexico to study as an apprentice under the famed muralist Diego Rivera, learning his fresco technique and becoming interested in portrayal of figures. He returned to Atlanta and continued teaching. He began traveling to Talladega College in Alabama to teach and work on a commission for a series of murals.
After his return to the United States in 1936, Woodruff applied his understanding of Post-Impressionism and Cubism to painting and printmaking for social advocacy. Woodruff was inspired by the racism and poverty African Americans in the South faced during the Great Depression.
During the 1950s Woodruff had three solo exhibition at the Bertha Schaefer Gallery.
Woodruff's best-known work is the three-panel Amistad Mutiny murals (1938), which he completed for the Savery Library at Talladega College. The murals are entitled: The Revolt, The Court Scene, and Back to Africa, portraying events related to the 1839 Mende slave revolt on the Spanish Amistad ship. This occurred after the United States and Britain had prohibited the Atlantic slave trade, but Spain continued to take slaves from Africa. The murals depict events on the ship when the captive mutinied, the U.S. Supreme Court trial, and the Mende people's later repatriation to Africa.
An image of the ship is embedded in a design in the lobby floor of the library. College tradition prohibits walking "on" the ship, despite its central location. The library has another series of three Woodruff murals exploring events related to the black college's role in African-American history, including freedmen enrolling after the American Civil War and the construction of campus buildings.
Woodruff's two other surviving murals are The Negro in California History (1949), commissioned by the Golden State Mutual Life Insurance Company in Los Angeles. This work was a collaboration with Charles Alston. Woodruff also completed six panels completed around 1951 called Art of the Negro (1951) at the Clark Atlanta University Art Galleries.
In 1942, even with World War II raging, Woodruff initiated the Atlanta University Art Annuals, an exhibit and competition that was conducted until 1970. These 29 national art exhibitions were a key venue for black artists.
In 1946, Woodruff joined the faculty at New York University in Manhattan. He taught there for more than 20 years before retiring in 1968. Malkia Roberts was among his many New York students.
Woodruff died in New York City on September 6, 1980.
Exhibition history
Solo exhibitions
1976
Ancestral Memory
the Studio Museum in Harlem
Group exhibitions
1985
Hidden Heritage, Bellevue Art Museum and Art Association of America
1976
Two Centuries of Black Art, Los Angeles County Museum of Art
1971
Newark Museum
1967
New York University
San Diego Art Museum
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Howard University Gallery of Art, Washington, D.C.
City College of New York
1958
New Bertha Schaffer Gallery, New York
1955
University of North Carolina
1951
Atlanta University
Legacy
In 2012 the High Museum of Art in Atlanta, Georgia organized an exhibition of Woodruff's murals created for Talladega College. The exhibition of six of the restored murals toured the United States including the African American Museum (Dallas), the Birmingham Museum of Art, the Chicago Cultural Center, the National Museum of African American History and Culture, the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art, and the New Orleans Museum of Art.
References
Further reading
David C Driskell; Leonard Simon; Los Angeles County Museum of Art, Two Centuries of Black American Art, (Los Angeles County Museum of Art; New York: Knopf : distributed by Random House, 1976) ,
Hale Woodruff 50 Years of His Art, (New York: The Studio Museum in Harlem, 1979)
Samella Lewis, African American Art and Artists, (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1990) , ,
Kenkeleba Gallery (New York, N.Y.), The Search for Freedom: African American Abstract Painting 1945–1975, (New York: Kenkeleba House, ©1991)
Marika Herskovic, American Abstract Expressionism of the 1950s: An Illustrated Survey, (New York School Press, 2003.) . pp. 358–361
Crystal Britton, African American Art: The Long Struggle, (New Line Books, 1998)
Samella Lewis, African American Art and Artists, (University of California Press, 1994)
Sharon Patton, African-American Art, (Oxford University Press, 1998)
Romare Bearden, A History of African-American Artists: From 1792 to the Present, (Pantheon, 1993)
External links
"Amistad Murals", Talladega College
1900 births
1980 deaths
Artists from Indiana
Herron School of Art and Design alumni
African-American painters
African-American printmakers
20th-century African-American people |
5396663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pruning%20shears | Pruning shears | Pruning shears, also called hand pruners (in American English), or secateurs (in British English), are a type of scissors for use on plants. They are strong enough to prune hard branches of trees and shrubs, sometimes up to two centimetres thick. They are used in gardening, arboriculture, plant nursery works, farming, flower arranging, and nature conservation, where fine-scale habitat management is required.
Loppers are a larger, two-handed, long-handled version for branches thicker than pruning shears can cut.
History
Cutting plants as part of gardening dates to antiquity in both European and East Asian topiary, with specialized scissors used for Chinese penjing and its offshoots – Japanese bonsai and Vietnamese Hòn Non-Bộ – for over a thousand years.
In modern Europe, scissors only used for gardening work have existed since 1819, when the French aristocrat Antoine-François Bertrand de Molleville was listed in "Bon Jardinier", as the inventor of secateurs. During the late 1890s, secateurs were sold all over Europe and the US. Today secateurs are widely used by gardeners, vintners and fruit farmers.
The world's first anvil pruners were developed and produced in 1923 by Walther Schröder in Kiel, Germany. The pruners were given the product name "Original LÖWE" and were distributed internationally as far back as 1925. Other companies are producing anvil pruners, include Bahco, Edma, Felco, Fiskars Gardena and Wolf Garten.
An extensive collection of historical variants of secateurs can be seen at Breamore House, Hampshire, England. They are housed in their countryside museum.
Designs
There are three different blade designs for pruning shears: anvil, bypass and parrot-beak.
Anvil pruners have only one blade, which closes onto a flat surface; unlike bypass blades it can be sharpened from both sides and remains reliable when slightly blunt. Anvil pruners are useful for cutting thick branches; one can bite into the stem from one direction, swing the handle around and bite further through narrowed wood from another direction. The anvil is made of a material softer than the blade, so that the blade is not damaged when it meets the anvil. Suitable materials for the anvil are plastic, aluminum, zinc, brass, or bronze alloys. The blades are made from hardened carbon or chromium steels. The hardness of the blades is generally between 54 and 58 HRC. On an anvil pruner, proper cutting is assured even if the blade swerves slightly to the left or right during cutting. As long as the blade meets the anvil at the end of the cut and fits tightly against it, the material is separated. For this reason, the blades of anvil pruners can be ground thinner than those on bypass pruners. The LÖWE principle – a drawing cut made against a fixed support – combines a drawing cut with a pushing cut. This is possible because the blade lever and base lever are connected by an eccentric bearing. When the pruners are open, the blade is longer than the anvil thanks to the eccentric bearing. When the pruners close, the blade draws back slightly while it pushes through the material. This reduces the cutting force needed to make a cut still further. Because they crush the stem they are cutting, anvil pruners are best for use on dead wood.
Bypass pruners usually work exactly like a pair of scissors, with two blades "passing by" each other to make the cut. At least one of the blades will be curved: a convex upper blade with either a concave or straight lower one. Some bypass designs have only one blade, the lower jaw being broad (like an anvil) but passing the upper jaw. The ratchet pruner, which can handle stems thicker than two centimetres, fits in this category. Because they make a clean cut without crushing, bypass pruners are preferable for pruning live wood.
Parrot-beak pruners consist of two concave passing blades, which trap the stem between them to make the cut. These are suitable only for narrower stems.
Handle length
Secateurs have short handles and are operated with one hand. A spring between the handles causes the jaws to open again after closing. When not in use, the jaws may be held closed by a safety catch or by a loop holding the handles together. Some types are designed for right-handed or left-handed use only, and some incorporate a rotating handle to reduce friction and minimize hand stress during repetitive use. There are also longer versions called telescopic pruners, which are adjustable for long-reach and operate by means of a rod system inside of a telescoping pole between the handles and the blades. An early version of these was known as an averruncator.
Type of blades
There are two different types of blades for pruning shears: Stainless steel and carbon steel.
In addition there are pruning shears that have titanium coating.
Stainless steel have a high corrosion resistance, due to the protective chromium oxide layer that covers the steel surface after heat treatment. On the other hand, they are not durable for long.
Carbon steel has a higher carbon content, which gives the steel a lower melting point, more malleability and durability, and better heat distribution. The disadvantages are the quick corrosion and staining.
Titanium coated blades offer a balance between durability, sharpness and anti-corrosion.
Titanium is stronger, has higher corrosion resistance, and has about half the density (weight) of steel.
The titanium coating helps strengthen the blade and prevent corrosion, and after being sharpened a few times it will expose the steel edge underneath, giving the best edge with higher strength and resistance to corrosion over the length of the blade. The titanium coating is recognized by the gold colored blade as opposed to the typical silver colored steel blade.
See also
Garden tool
References
External links
Gardening tools
Habitat management equipment and methods
Scissors |
5396667 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venetian%20Islands%2C%20Florida | Venetian Islands, Florida | The Venetian Islands are a chain of artificial islands in Biscayne Bay in the cities of Miami and Miami Beach, Florida. The islands are, from west to east: Biscayne Island (Miami), San Marco Island (Miami), San Marino Island (Miami Beach), Di Lido Island (Miami Beach), Rivo Alto Island (Miami Beach), and Belle Isle (Miami Beach). Flagler Monument Island remains an uninhabited picnic island, originally built in 1920 as a memorial to railroad pioneer Henry Flagler. The islands are connected by bridges from the Miami mainland to Miami Beach.
History
The Venetian Islands project was proposed to be much larger than what exists today. Another causeway was to be built, called "The Drive of the Campanili." The causeway would connect Hibiscus Island (south of the Venetian Islands) with Di Lido Island. The road would then continue north right up the center of Biscayne Bay, with five new islands created along its path. The roadway would then veer slightly to the northeast, where it would end at Indian Creek Village. An additional four islands would be built along two east-west roads that would connect with the causeway. One of these roads was along the current route of the Julia Tuttle Causeway and the other along the current route of the 79th Street Causeway.
The original bridge (called the Collins Bridge) was built by farmer and developer John S. Collins with financial assistance from automotive parts and racing pioneer Carl G. Fisher. At the time it was completed, it was the longest wooden bridge in the world. The 2½ mile wooden toll bridge opened on June 12, 1913, providing a critical link to the newly established city of Miami Beach, formerly accessible only by a ferry service.
While none of these islands were built, the foundation pillings for one of them can still be seen in Central Biscayne Bay between Di Lido Island and the Julia Tuttle Causeway. The island was to be called Isola di Lolando. The demise of the island construction was due to a combination of the aftermath of the 1926 Miami Hurricane and the end of the Florida land boom of the 1920s. The Shoreland Company went bankrupt in 1927 due to objections of "further mutilation of the waterway".
The original wooden causeway was replaced in 1925 by a series of arch drawbridges and renamed the Venetian Causeway. Today, the causeway is a popular stretch for people to jog, ride bikes, walk dogs and stroll. The islands offer residents a suburb feel that is located between (and within minutes of) Miami Beach's South Beach and Miami's new Adrienne Arsht Center for the Performing Arts.
Biscayne Island
Biscayne Island is a neighborhood in the City of Miami, Florida, United States. It is also the westernmost of the Venetian Islands, a chain of artificial islands in Biscayne Bay. During the 1930s, the island was used as an airport known as Viking Airport, with a hangar, 2,600' sod runway and seaplane ramps; the airport was closed by 1937 and residential development began in the 1940s. The island is now home to apartment buildings, residential neighborhoods, and a toll plaza portion of the Venetian Causeway.
Demographics
As of 2000, the population of Biscayne Island had 412 people. The zip code for Biscayne Island is 33139. The area covers . As of 2000, there were 215 males and 197 females. The median age for males were 42.1 years old, while the median age for females were 48.0 years old. The average household size had 1.6 people, while the average family size had 2.4 members. The percentage of married-couple families (among all households) was 28.8%, while the percentage of married-couple families with children (among all households) was 4.0%, and the percentage of single-mother households (among all households) was 0.8%. The percentage of never-married males 15 years old and over was 19.6%, while the percentage of never-married females 15 years old and over was 14.6%.
As of 2000, the percentage of people that speak English not well or not at all made up 6.9% of the population. The percentage of residents born in Florida was 24.8%, the percentage of people born in another U.S. state was 24.8%, and the percentage of native residents but born outside the U.S. was 4.7%, while the percentage of foreign born residents was 45.7%.
San Marco Island
San Marco Island is a neighborhood in the City of Miami, Florida, United States. It is the 2nd westernmost of the Venetian Islands, a chain of artificial islands in Biscayne Bay. It is between Biscayne Island and San Marino Island. It contains upscale houses and the Venetian Causeway.
References
External links
Venetian Islands Homeowners Association
Belle Isle Residents Association
Islands Of Calm – New York Times
Artificial islands of Florida
Islands of Miami
Islands of Miami Beach, Florida
Islands of Florida |
5396668 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainbow%20%282005%20film%29 | Rainbow (2005 film) | Rainbow () is a 2005 Chinese film written and directed by Gao Xiaosong, starring Chen Daoming.
Cast
Chen Daoming as Xu
Li Xiaolu as Rainbow
Ding Yongdai as Sheng
Zheng Jun as Yang
External links
Rainbow on the Chinese Movie Database (listed under the title Fly My Heart)
Rainbow on Sina.com
2005 films
Chinese films
Mandarin-language films
2005 drama films
Films set in the 1930s
Chinese drama films |
5396678 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banque%20Commerciale%20du%20Maroc | Banque Commerciale du Maroc | Banque Commerciale du Maroc (BCM, , "Commercial Bank of Morocco") was a bank founded in 1911, shortly ahead of the establishment of the French protectorate in Morocco. The bank was initially controlled by France's Banque Transatlantique, then from 1941 by the Crédit Industriel et Commercial, and from 1988 by Morocco's ONA Group. In 2004, it merged with Wafa bank to form Attijariwafa Bank.
History
The BCM was created in 1911 by the Banque Transatlantique together with its Tunisian subsidiary, the Banque de Tunisie. Its registered office was in Paris, initially at 10, rue de Mogador (later absorbed by the Galeries Lafayette), and from 1925 relocated to the Banque Transatlantique's head office at 17, Boulevard Haussmann. Its main office in Morocco was in Casablanca.
The BCM opened a branch in Tangier in 1913, and after World War I expanded to Rabat and Mazagan, then in the late 1920s in Marrakesh and Fez.
In 1941, BCM was acquired together with Banque Transatlantique and Banque de Tunisie by the Crédit Industriel et Commercial (CIC), which took advantage of the Vichy anti-Jewish legislation. In 1963, Morocco, which had become independent in 1956, undertook a policy of national control of the banking sector known as , and the BCM's registered office was relocated from Paris to Casablanca. That same year, Deutsche Bank acquired 10% of the BCM's equity capital.
In 1969, a further capital increase resulted in significantly higher Moroccan ownership of the BCM's shares. In June 1988, ONA Group acquired 25% of the BCM's equity through a capital increase and thus became its controlling shareholder, while the CIC reduced its stake to 10.6%.
By 1999, the capital of BCM was 1,325,000,000.00 Moroccan Dirhams for a total of 13,250,000 shares. In 2002, the capital of Wafabank was 639,482,700 Moroccan dirhams. The two banks announced their merger in November 2003 and completed it in 2004, in a friendly all-shares transactions at a parity of 7 BCM shares per 8 Wafabank.
Casablanca head office
In Casablanca, the BCM’s head office relocated several times. In 1921, it moved to a building shared with the affiliated shipping company, the Compagnie Générale Transatlantique, on the newly traced , now , just north of the recently erected office of the State Bank of Morocco. Both these buildings, of the BCM and of the State Bank, have since been demolished.
In 1930, the BCM moved to a building designed by Marius Boyer on 1, , now . The iconic art deco structure still exists, and was renovated in 2021.
In the 1970s, under the leadership of its charismatic president , the BCM built a modern inverted-pyramid-shaped head office at 2, Boulevard Moulay Youssef, near the Arab League Park. This became the headquarters of Attijariwafa Bank following the 2004 merger, and still is as of 2022.
See also
List of banks in Morocco
Notes
1911 establishments in Morocco
2004 disestablishments in Morocco
Banks established in 1911
Banks disestablished in 2004
Banks of Morocco
Defunct banks of Morocco
ONA Group |
5396682 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mocking%20Bird | The Mocking Bird | "The Mocking Bird" is a popular song. It was recorded twice by The Four Lads. The song was written by D. Jordan. The B-side was "I May Hate Myself In The Morning".
Song Information
The first version, made April 16, 1952, was released on Columbia's Okeh label in 1952 (reaching number 23 on the Billboard chart that year) and re-released four years later on Columbia (number 67 on the 1956 chart.) A new recording was made in 1958, entering the Billboard Hot 100 list on November 24, 1958, eventually reaching number 32 on that chart.
References
1952 songs
The Four Lads songs |
5396687 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wafabank | Wafabank | Wafabank was a private bank in Morocco, that belonged to the Kettani family. In 2004, the Kettanis sold their stakes to ONA Group which resulted in the merger of the bank with Banque Commerciale du Maroc to form Attijariwafa Bank.
History
1904 Compagnie Française de Crédit et de Banque established a branch in Morocco of its Algerian subsidiary under the name Compagnie Algerienne de Crédit et de Banque (CACB).
1959 On the eve of independence, CACB, with 38 branches, had the largest network in Morocco.
1968 A group of Moroccan private investors acquired majority control, together with the Compagnie Financière de Suez.
1985 CFAB changed its name to Wafabank.
1986 Wafabank moved its HQ to Casablanca.
1987 Wafabank established a subsidiary in Belgium.
1993 Wafabank carried out an IPO.
1996 Wafabank acquired BBV's Uniban subsidiary and BBV took an 8% stake in Wafabank. Credit Agricole Indosuez also took a stake in Wafabank (14.8%).
2000 Wafabank and the Senegalese holding "Keur Khadim," agreed to establish Senbank to provide banking services in the Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS).
2001 Wafabank acquired BBVA's subsidiary BBVA Maroc and BBVA increased its stake in Wafabank to 10%, further cementing the partnership commenced in 1997.
2003 Banque Commerciale du Maroc acquired Wafabank.
References
1904 establishments in Morocco
2004 disestablishments in Morocco
Banks established in 1904
Banks disestablished in 2004
Banks of Morocco
Defunct banks of Morocco |
5396688 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gallamine%20triethiodide | Gallamine triethiodide | Gallamine triethiodide (Flaxedil) is a non-depolarising muscle relaxant. It acts by combining with the cholinergic receptor sites in muscle and competitively blocking the transmitter action of acetylcholine. Gallamine is a non-depolarising type of blocker as it binds to the acetylcholine receptor but does not have the biological activity of acetyl choline. Gallamine triethiodide has a parasympatholytic effect on the cardiac vagus nerve, which causes tachycardia and occasionally hypertension. Very high doses cause histamine release.
Gallamine triethiodide is commonly used to stabilize muscle contractions during surgical procedures.
It was developed by Daniel Bovet in 1947.
The pharmaceutical is no longer marketed in the United States, according to the FDA Orange Book.
See also
Neuromuscular-blocking drug
Curare
References
Muscle relaxants
Nicotinic antagonists
Quaternary ammonium compounds
Phenol ethers
Neuromuscular blockers |
4001321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prabhu%20Deva | Prabhu Deva | Prabhu Deva (born 3 April 1973) is an Indian dance choreographer, film director, producer and actor who has worked predominantly in Tamil, Hindi, and Telugu language films. In a career spanning 32 years, he has performed and designed a wide range of dancing styles and has garnered two National Film Awards for Best Choreography. In 2019, he was awarded the Padma Shri for his contributions to dance.
Beginning with a series of acting roles in the 1990s and early 2000s, Prabhu Deva featured in several commercially successful films including Kadhalan (1994), Love Birds (1996), Minsara Kanavu (1997) and VIP (1997). After further critically acclaimed performances in Kaathala Kaathala (1998), Vanathai Pola (2000), Pennin Manathai Thottu (2000), Alli Thandha Vaanam (2001) and Engal Anna (2004). Deva then failed to recreate the success of his earlier films and his box office value began to decline and he subsequently made appearances in supporting roles in Tamil. He then successfully ventured into direction with the 2005 Telugu film Nuvvostanante Nenoddantana, and the success of the project prompted further offers for Deva as a director. He then went on to make highly profitable films in Tamil, Telugu and Hindi languages such as Pokkiri (2007), Shankar Dada Zindabad (2007), Wanted (2009), Rowdy Rathore (2012), R... Rajkumar (2013) and Singh is Bliing (2015).
Early life and family
Prabhu Deva was born in Mysore of present-day Karnataka state on 3 April 1973 to Mugur Sundar and Mahadevamma Sundar. Inspired by his father Mugur Sundar, a choreographer for South Indian movies, he took up dancing, learning Indian classical dance forms such as Bharatanatyam from Dharmaraj and Udupi Lakshminarayanan as well as Western styles. Raju Sundaram and Nagendra Prasad are his brothers.
Deva first appeared as a boy playing a flute in the song "Panivizhum Iravu", from the Tamil film Mouna Ragam (1986). He later appeared as a background dancer for a song in the 1988 Tamil film Agni Natchathiram. Deva's first venture as a choreographer was the Kamal Haasan starrer Vetri Vizha (1989). He has since then choreographed for over 100 movies. From choreography, he went into acting. In 1999, Deva, Shobhana and A. R. Rahman performed with a Tamil cinema dancing troupe at the "MJ & Friends" Michael Jackson tribute concert in Munich, Germany. As of 2010, he serves as chairman and director of the Prabhu Deva's Dance Academy in Singapore. He planned to release his first video album called It is boring in 2013.
Acting career
1993–2004
After a series of cameo appearances in songs from Tamil films, Prabhu Deva was given his first lead role by director Pavithran in the romantic drama film Indhu (1994). Appearing alongside actress Roja and Sarathkumar, Deva's ability to dance was fully utilised in the song sequences, with gaana and disco music thereafter being regularly featured in his films. He made his breakthrough as an actor with Shankar's sophomore film, the romantic drama Kadhalan (1994), where he portrayed a young student who first stands up against his lover's father and then an international terrorist. The film was highly lauded for its technical prowess and went on to win four National Film Awards, while A. R. Rahman's songs and Deva's choreography, especially in the songs "Mukkabla" and "Urvasi Urvasi", became very popular across India. Despite starring relative newcomers, the film went on to become the highest grossing Tamil film of 1994 and the commercial success made Deva a bankable actor. The film also saw success through its dubbed Telugu and Hindi versions, creating a market for Deva in other Indian regional industries.
While his next project Raasaiyya (1995) garnered poor reviews and collections, he continued to attract big-budget films and worked in two further films with music by Rahman in 1996, Love Birds and Mr. Romeo. Shot extensively in London, Love Birds received a wide theatrical release in overseas destinations and won Deva positive reviews for his portrayal. Meanwhile, for Mr. Romeo, Deva charged a comparatively high ₹60 lakhs for his remuneration and appeared in a double role alongside Shilpa Shetty and Madhoo. The music and dance portions of both films were praised by critics, though both endured middling performances at the box office.
Deva won critical acclaim for his role in Rajiv Menon's romantic drama Minsara Kanavu (1997), where he portrayed a streetwise hairstylist who inadvertently attracts the attention of a young woman, who he tries to help set up with another man. Featuring Deva alongside Arvind Swamy and Kajol, the film went on to win four National Film Awards, three Tamil Nadu State Film Awards and a Filmfare Award mostly for the film's soundtrack by Rahman. Meanwhile, Deva also won the National Film Award for Best Choreography for his work in the song "Vennilave". A critic from Indolink.com wrote: "it is easy to become a fan of Prabhu Deva after this movie if you are not one yet", while Rediff.com referred to his performance as "graceful". Minsara Kanavu performed well at the box office and also had a wide release in Hindi, under the title Sapnay. His following release, the romantic comedy V. I. P. (1997), featuring an ensemble cast of Abbas, Simran and Rambha also did well commercially. Indolink.com described the film as "probably the feel-good movie of 1997", adding that "this movie is important as its probably the coming of age for Prabhu Deva" and that "he has definitely matured since his Kadhalan days and shows a lot more restraint and a little flair for comedy". During the period, Deva also signed a big-budget bilingual Hindi and Tamil production titled Mazhai Vara Poguthey opposite Juhi Chawla. Despite beginning production, the film was later cancelled.
Deva continued to win critical acclaim and commercial success with his roles in the comedy film Kaathala Kaathala (1998), co-starring Kamal Haasan and the drama film Ninaivirukkum Varai (1999). Regarding his performance in the latter film, a reviewer from Indolink.com cited that "Prabhu Deva gets a wonderful script and character that he's comfortable in". He subsequently went on to feature in the Guinness World Record-setting film Suyamvaram (1999) and Vikraman's successful family drama film Vaanathaippola (2000), where critics praised his "histrionic abilities". In 2002, Deva appeared in the Trilingual romantic comedy film directed by K. Subash, One Two Three, The Winners, along with Jyothika and real-life brothers, Raju Sundaram and Nagendra Prasad.
In the early 2000s, Deva actively began to work on more smaller-budget comedy films as his appeal at the box office began to decline. Despite winning critical acclaim for his performance as a bus conductor in Eazhaiyin Sirippil (2000) and commercial success with his work in Sundar C's Ullam Kollai Poguthae (2001), Manadhai Thirudivittai (2001) and Charlie Chaplin (2002), many of his other Tamil films during the period did not perform well financially. In this period, he also notably worked on the trilingual film One Two Three (2002) alongside his brothers in Tamil, Kannada and Telugu as well as Siddique's successful hit Engal Anna (2004), with Vijayakanth. Subsequently, Deva moved on to prioritise acting roles in different industries, notably starring in off-beat roles in the Kannada film HO (2002), alongside Upendra and the Hindi film Agni Varsha (2002), with Amitabh Bachchan. He also worked extensively in the Telugu film industry, appearing in multi-starrer films or as the second lead actor, in projects including Santosham (2002), Kalyana Ramudu (2003) and Andaru Dongale Dorikite (2004).
2005–2015
Following the success of his directorial ventures, Deva actively began to appear in fewer acting roles. He portrayed leading roles in the dance film Style (2006). Deva also portrayed a supporting role in Santosh Sivan's Malayalam historical drama film Urumi (2011), featuring in an ensemble cast including Prithviraj, Arya and Genelia D'Souza. The film opened to critical acclaim, while Deva was highly appreciated for his performance with a critic from The Hindu noting: Deva "excels with his standout comic repartee". He continued to make occasional appearances and portrayed leading roles in the dance films Style (2006), ABCD (2013) and its sequel ABCD 2 (2015). The films all performed well commercially, with a critic writing: "regarded as the dance legend by many, Prabhu is, expectedly, incomparable in dances, but the good news is that he handles the dramatic scenes well too" for his performance in ABCD.
2016–present
Deva returned to Tamil cinema as an actor after a gap of 11 years with the 2016 film Devi, joining hands with director A. L. Vijay. The film was also simultaneously shot in Hindi and Telugu, titled Abhinetri and Tutak Tutak Tutiya. In 2017, Deva acted in Thangar Bachan's film Kalavaadiya Pozhuthugal. In 2017, he released a comedy driven heist film Gulaebaghavali (2018) in Pongal festival. Followed by silent film, Mercury (2018) and musical dance Lakshmi (2018). In 2019, Charlie Chaplin 2 was released, which is a sequel to 2002 film Charlie Chaplin. He also debuted as a lyricist in the film. After that Deva appeared in Devi 2, which is a sequel of Devi. The film was simultaneously shot in Telugu as Abhinetri 2 and Khamoshi directed by Chakri Toleti, both co-starring Tamannaah.
In 2021, Deva directed Salman Khan in Radhe, a remake of the 2017 South Korean film, The Outlaws.
Personal life
Prabhu Deva married Ramlath, who later changed her name to Latha. They had three children, but their eldest son died of cancer in 2008, aged 13. In 2010, Ramlath filed a petition at the family court, seeking directions against Deva from live-in relationship with the actress Nayanthara and requesting a reunion with him. Furthermore, Ramlath threatened to go on a hunger strike if Prabhu Deva married Nayanthara. Several women's organisations conducted protests against Nayanthara for bringing disrepute to Tamil culture, burning an effigy of her. Ramlath and Deva divorced in 2011. In 2012, Nayanthara confirmed that she had ended her relationship with Prabhu Deva.
Deva has moved to Mumbai and is residing at Boney Kapoor's old place called Green Acres. Prabhu Deva's mother Mahadevamma is from the village of Doora, about from Mysore. He owns property in Doora, and has developed a farm there.
In May 2020, amid the COVID-19 lockdown in India, Deva married Himani, a Mumbai based physiotherapist.
Other appearances
Deva made brief appearances in solo items such as "April Mayile" in Idhayam (1991), "Lallaku Doldapi Ma" in Suriyan (1992), "Chinna Rasave" in Walter Vetrivel (1993), "Chikku Bukku Rayile" in Gentleman (1993), after appearing as junior artist in songs such as "Rajathi Raja" in Agni Natchathiram (1988). He performed with Madhuri Dixit in the song "Ke Sera Sera" for the movie Pukar. He acted along with Lawrence Raghavendra in the 2006 Telugu film Style. He performed with Apache Indian in the song "No Problem" for his film Love Birds.
He performed in the film Aabra Ka Daabra, for the song "Om Sh". He performed in the Nana Patekar and Karisma Kapoor-starrer film Shakti: The Power (2002) for a song. He performed with Upendra in the Kannada film H2O. He made a special appearance in Pokkiri (which was directed by himself), with Vijay in the song "Aadungada". He performed again with Vijay in his own directional Villu for the song "Hey Rama" as a guest appearance. He performed with Bollywood actors Salman Khan and Govinda for a song in his 2009 directorial Wanted.
He performed at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Indian Premier League on 3 April in Chennai along with Amitabh Bachchan, Salman Khan, Kareena Kapoor, Priyanka Chopra and American artist Katy Perry. The event was special to Prabhu Deva as he shared his 39th birthday on the same day.
Filmography
Honours
Awards
References
External links
1973 births
Living people
Male actors in Tamil cinema
Telugu film directors
Filmfare Awards winners
Indian male film actors
Indian film choreographers
Indian Hindus
Male actors in Kannada cinema
Tamil film directors
Male actors in Malayalam cinema
Filmfare Awards South winners
Indian male dancers
Kannada film producers
Dancers from Karnataka
Film directors from Karnataka
Artists from Mysore
Film producers from Karnataka
Best Choreography National Film Award winners
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
20th-century Indian dancers
21st-century Indian film directors
21st-century Indian male actors |
5396691 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papua%20New%20Guinea%20%28song%29 | Papua New Guinea (song) | "Papua New Guinea" is a 1991 song by the electronic music group Future Sound of London. It was the group's debut single and later appeared on their full-length album Accelerator. The single reached #22 on the UK singles chart.
Development
Background
Garry Cobain described himself as being "bit of an indie kid" in the mid 1980s , being a fan of the Manchester-based Factory Records acts such as Joy Division. Cobain reflected in 2006 that he had played guitar but was "never very good, and I'm still not very good at it."
This led Cobain going to the University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology. At the school he met Brian Dougans who was studying sound recording and was also a fan of Factory Records bands like A Certain Ratio. Cobain described Dougans as "I was well envious of Brian, and he was also a couple of years older, which seemed to be very significant when I was in my late teens. He was very much a guiding force, and he was also extremely charismatic."
Dougans was producing music for bands but after dance music became popular in the United Kingdom he began working on tracks like "Stakker Humanoid". Cobain stated that he managed to get money working at Heathrow Airport, through his landlord and through the Enterprise Allowance Scheme leading him to develop his own music, and that after Dougans "ran into some trouble", the teamed up to become the group that would develop into Future Sound of London.
Development
The duo released several tracks under aliases, some of which Cobain felt in retrospect were "admittedly dodgy — but we were always looking for the opportunity to start getting weirder, and gradually we found it." Cobain recalled that the music industry at the time was very aimed towards dance singles at the time, while Dougans and Cobain wanted to make what Cobain described as "big, sprawling, cosmic, ambient rock albums — in other words, concept albums — which would be easy for us."
Accelerator was developed at Future Sound of London's studio called Earthbeat which was located in Dollis Hill in Northwest London. The engineer credited on the "Papua New Guinea" was YAGE, who Cobain described as "semi-fictitious and semi-real" and admitting that it was "kind of an alter-ego for the both of us". The name was derived from Yajé, a vision-inducing drink that is made from a psychoactive jungle vine and plants. Cobain described the development of "Papua New Guinea" as him writing, sequencing and playing the Roland JX-3P top-line synth parts live, and doing the same for the strings which were triggered from the 1040.
Music
The song samples the bass line from Meat Beat Manifesto's "Radio Babylon" with Lisa Gerrard's vocal from "Dawn of the Iconoclast" by Dead Can Dance. Cobain described the sampling choices stating that the "Radio Babylon" bass line was "one of the greatest within the culture" while the bass line in "Papua New Guinea" was "kind of a staccato sampled version." The Dead Can Dance sample came from a mixtape sent to a band members' girlfriends collection which she received from a man she had been seeing briefly. Cobain stated that he had "always loved Dead Can Dance but I didn't have that particular album, so I sampled it from the cassette."
Release
"Papua New Guinea" was released in the United Kingdom in 1991. The label that was to release their debut album Accelerator held off releasing it for about 9 months and only released it after "Papua New Guinea" became a hit.
The song later featured on the soundtrack album for the hybrid animation film Cool World starring Gabriel Byrne, Kim Basinger and Brad Pitt.
Reception
Garry Cobain later referred to the track as not "the best piece of music I've ever written, but it just hit a mindset". From retrospective reviews and commentary, Simon Reynolds described the track as a "sumptuous, gorgeously emotional rave anthem". Pitchfork had the song placed on their list of the top 200 singles from the 1990s, with writer Tom Ewing declaring it "A great example of breakbeat techno's early, optimistic peak, when simply nailing the right vocal sample-- here Lisa Gerrard of Dead Can Dance-- put you halfway to something memorable."
Charts
References
Sources
External links
1991 songs
The Future Sound of London songs
1991 debut singles
Music Week number-one dance singles |
5396693 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basingas | Basingas | The Basingas were an Anglo-Saxon tribe, whose territory in the Loddon Valley formed a regio or administrative subdivision of the early Kingdom of Wessex. Their leader, Basa, gave the tribe its name which survives in the names of Old Basing and Basingstoke, both in Hampshire. (The existence of both the tribe and their leader must be assumed to have been inferred from the existence of the place name "Basingstoke" as there is no independent documentary evidence referring to them.)
Old Basing was first settled around 700 by an Anglo-Saxon tribe known as the Basingas, who give the village its name (the meaning is "Basa's people"). It was the site of the Battle of Basing on 22 January 871, when a Danish army defeated Ethelred of Wessex. It is also mentioned in the Domesday Book of 1086.
The subdivision of the Basingas retained a role beyond the Anglo-Saxon period as Basingstoke remained the administrative centre for a distinctive grouping of hundreds within Hampshire throughout the Middle Ages.
References
Peoples of Anglo-Saxon England
History of Hampshire |
5396698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berta | Berta | Berta is a female Germanic name or may also be a colloquial shortening of Alberta or Roberta.
Berta may refer to:
Berta people, an ethnic group from western Ethiopia and eastern Sudan
Berta language, their language
Berta (moth), a geometer moth genus
Berta monastery, a medieval Georgian monastery in modern Turkey
Berta, a fictional character on the American sitcom Two and a Half Men, portrayed by Conchata Ferrell
Berta, a former name of Ortaköy, Artvin, Turkey
See also
Bertha (disambiguation)
Alberta (disambiguation)
Roberta (given name)
German feminine given names |
4001324 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithogenic%20silica | Lithogenic silica | Lithogenic silica (LSi) is silica (SiO2) derived from terrigenous rock (Igneous, metamorphic, and sedimentary), lithogenic sediments composed of the detritus of pre-existing rock, volcanic ejecta, extraterrestrial material, and minerals such silicate. Silica is the most abundant compound in the earth's crust (59%) and the main component of almost every rock (>95%).
Lithogenic Silica in Marine Systems
LSi can either be accumulated "directly" in marine sediments as clastic particles or be transferred into dissolved silica (DSi) in the water column. Within living marine systems, DSi is the most important form of silica Forms of DSi, such as silicic acid (Si(OH)4), are utilized by silicoflagellates and radiolarians to create their mineral skeletons, and by diatoms to develop their frustules (external shells). These structures are vitally important, as they can protect, amplify light for photosynthesis, and even help keep these organisms afloat in the water column. DSi more readily forms from biogenic silica (BSi) than from LSi, as the latter is less soluble in water. However, LSi is still an important supply to the silica cycle, due to it being a primary supplier of silica to the water column.
Sources
Rivers are one of the major suppliers of LSi to marine environments. As they flow, rivers pick up fine particles, such as clays, silts, and sand, through physical weathering. Lithogenic silicic acid forms through chemical weathering, as CO2-rich water comes into contact with silicate and aluminosilicate minerals from terrestrial rocks. The silicic acid is then transported to the river via runoff or groundwater flow before being transported to the ocean. Estimates of combined flux (both lithogenic and biogenic) report that about 6.2 ± 1.8 Tmol Si year−1 and 147 ¨ ± 44 Tmol Si year−1 of dissolved and particulate silica, respectively, enter estuaries.
Eolian transport occurs when wind picks up weathered particles, primarily lithogenic, and transports them into the atmosphere, from which they subsequently fall into the ocean. The solubility of the silica within such sediments depends on both the origin and composition of the material. For example, studies of Saharan sediment, which is mostly made of quartz, found a solubility range of 0.02%-1.1%, while some feldspar-rich sediment was estimated to have a solubility of about 10%. Eolian LSi can also accumulate in the atmosphere and fall as rain dust, a phenomenon in which raindrops contain macroscopic amounts of sediment. Dry deposition of LSi ranges from 2.8 to 4.6 Tmol Si year−1, with about 0.5 ± 0.5 Tmol Si year−1 being transferred to DSi.
Seafloor inputs, including hydrothermal vents and low-temperature dissolution of basalt and other terrigenous marine sediments, represent considerable sources of lithogenic DSi. High-temperature fluids leach silicon from the oceanic crust as they rise toward the seafloor, accumulating great amounts of DSi. Hydrothermal inputs are divided into 2 categories: ridge axis, which originate directly from the mid-ocean ridges (350◦C ± 30◦C), and ridge flank, which are diffuse inputs away from the ridge (<75◦C). The latter loses much of its DSi to precipitation (as clays) as it cools. As a result, ridge flank dissolved LSi only enters the ocean at 0.07 ± 0.07 Tmol Si year−1, compared to 0.5 ± 0.3 Tmol Si year−1 from ridge axis systems. In low temperature (<2◦C) conditions, seafloor basalt and lithogenic sediments can leach LSi directly into the seawater. Previous estimates that addressed seafloor basalt alone calculate a DSi flux of 0.4 ± 0.3 Tmol Si year−1. More recent experiments adding lithogenic sediments (including clay, shale, basalt, and sand) to the calculation gave values of 1.9 ± 0.7 Tmol Si year−1.
A 2019 study proposed that, in the surf zone of beaches, wave action disturbed abiotic sand grains and dissolved them over time. To test this, the researchers placed sand samples in closed containers with different kinds of water and rotated the containers to simulate wave action. They discovered that the higher the rock/water ratio within the container, and the faster the container spun, the more silica dissolved into solution. After analyzing and upscaling their results, they estimated that anywhere from 3.2 ± 1.0 – 5.0 ± 2.0 Tmol Si yr−1 of lithogenic DSi could enter the ocean from sandy beaches, a massive increase from a previous estimate of 0.3 Tmol Si yr−1. If confirmed, this represents a significant input of dissolved LSi that was previously ignored.
See also
Biogenic silica
Notes
References
Physical oceanography
Sedimentary rocks |
4001325 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ceragenix%20Pharmaceuticals | Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals | Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals, Inc. is a biopharmaceutical company headquartered in Denver, Colorado that develops prescription therapies based on a platform of proprietary surface active technologies—skin Barrier Repair Technology (BRT) and Cerageninis, a new class of broad spectrum anti-infectives. The company discovers, develops and commercializes anti-infective drugs based on its proprietary class of compounds, Ceragenins. Active against a range of gram positive and gram negative bacteria, these agents are being developed as anti-infective medical device coatings and as therapeutics for antibiotic-resistant organisms.
Products
Ceragenix developed EpiCeram, a topical non-steroidal skin care cream based on the research of Peter Elias for the treatment of atopic dermatitis (eczema).
Ceragenix's second platform technology addresses multidrug resistant bacterial and viral infections. The anti-infective technology is based on the research of Dr. Paul B. Savage, Professor and Associate Chair of Departments of Chemistry and Biochemistry at Brigham Young University (BYU, Provo, Utah). These compounds are aminosterols that mimic the activity of the naturally occurring antimicrobial peptides which form part of the human immune system and early line of defense against bacterial, viruses, fungi and certain cancers. The Ceragenins have been the subject of in vitro analysis and have demonstrated a range of action against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA), tobramycin-resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa (PATR), Escherichia coli, vaccinia virus, HIV, and Bacillus anthracis (anthrax) among others. The compounds work by breaching the outer membranes of their targets. The compounds are positively charged and are electrostatically attracted to the negatively charged phospholipids that tend to distinguish prokaryotic from eukaryotic cells.
References
External links
Innovations & Ideas." Denver Post.
Ceragenix Pharmaceuticals Gets Frost & Sullivan Product Innovation Award for Cerashield Coating – Wireless News | HighBeam Research
CERAGENIX PHARMACEUTICALS SHOWS NET LOSS FOR 3rd QUARTER – US Fed News Service, Including US State News | HighBeam Research
Pharmaceutical companies of the United States
Companies based in Denver
Health care companies based in Colorado |
5396711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nate%20and%20Hayes | Nate and Hayes | Nate and Hayes (also known as Savage Islands in New Zealand and the UK) is a 1983 swashbuckling adventure film set in the South Pacific in the late 19th century. Directed by Ferdinand Fairfax and filmed on location in Fiji and New Zealand, it starred Tommy Lee Jones, Michael O'Keefe and Jenny Seagrove.
It was one of several 1980s films designed to capitalize on the popularity of Indiana Jones, but Nate and Hayes was a flop at the box office.
Plot
The film tells the story of missionary Nathaniel "Nate" Williamson, taken to an island mission with his fiancée Sophie. Their ship, the Rona, is captained by the roguish William "Bully" Hayes, who also takes a liking to Sophie. When Sophie is kidnapped by slave trader Ben Pease, "Nate" teams with Hayes in order to find her. The two men enjoy a friendly rivalry for Sophie's affections, and she is to some extent torn between them, though committed to Nate.
Cast
Tommy Lee Jones as Bully Hayes
Michael O'Keefe as Nathaniel Williamson
Max Phipps as Ben Pease
Jenny Seagrove as Sophie
Grant Tilly as Count von Rittenberg
Peter Rowley as Louis Beck
Prince Tui Teka as King of Ponape
Production
The story was based on the adventures of real-life blackbirders Bully Hayes and Ben Pease. The character of Hayes was much softened in the film and Pease turned into a villain. The script was rewritten by John Hughes.
The director was Ferdinand Fairfax, an Englishman most recently notable for his direction of the television series, Churchill — The Wilderness Years. Fairfax described the film as a tongue-in-cheek adventure in the style of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid. "I'm not making Carry on Pirates or anything like that, but I think it will be a very funny film", he said.
The film was entirely financed with New Zealand money but achieved distribution in the US. Producer Phillips raised money in part on the back of the success of his short film, Dollar Bottom.
Filming
The film was shot in Fiji, Rotorua and Urupukapuka Island. At Urupukapuka, the producers built a set reconstructing the Port of Samoa.
Release and reception
The film has a cult following which seems to have encouraged the release of the film on Region 1 and Region 2 DVD, in June and November 2006 respectively.
Reception
In his review, Roger Ebert gave the film one star and called it 'inexplicable', criticizing the tone and plot. The New York Times gave plaudits to the performances, but felt the film was 'no fun at all', criticizing the inconsistent action and production values.
Colin Greenland reviewed Savage Islands for Imagine magazine, and stated that "Savage Islands doesn't have quite the pace or panache of Raiders of the Lost Ark, but it is first-class nonsense."
Legacy
Sir Richard Taylor of Weta Workshop said Savage Islands kick-started the New Zealand filmmaking boom of the 1980s.
Nate and Hayes inspired Lawrence Watt-Evans to write the 1992 novella The Final Folly of Captain Dancy.
References
External links
Nate and Hayes at New Zealand On Screen
Review at DVD Savant
1983 films
1980s adventure films
1983 drama films
New Zealand films
Pirate films
Seafaring films
Films set in the 1860s
Films set in the 1870s
Films shot in Fiji
Paramount Pictures films
Films with screenplays by John Hughes (filmmaker)
Action films based on actual events
Films scored by Trevor Jones |
4001328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barygenys | Barygenys | Barygenys is a genus of microhylid frogs. They are endemic to New Guinea and the adjacent Louisiade Archipelago. So far only known from Papua New Guinea, the range of the genus is expected to reach Papua province in the Indonesian part of New Guinea. Despite not being known from Papua, common name Papua frogs has been suggested for them.
Description
Barygenys have squat body, narrow head, and tiny eyes. Barygenys are unique among asterophryine frogs in that they bear vertical ridges (or traces thereof) on the snout, and in having short, sharply tapering fingers with narrowly rounded tips. The largest species (Barygenys resima) reaches a body size around in snout–vent length, while Barygenys parvula is not known to exceed SVL.
Ecology
Barygenys are burrowing frogs. They tend to have spotty distributions and are rarely collected, and consequently poorly known.
Species
As of early 2017, nine species are recognized:
References
Microhylidae
Amphibian genera
Amphibians of Oceania
Amphibians of New Guinea
Taxa named by Hampton Wildman Parker
Endemic fauna of New Guinea |
5396730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BMCI | BMCI | BMCI (, "Morocco Bank of Commerce and Industry") is a bank based in Morocco. It is a majority-owned subsidiary of the French financial group BNP Paribas.
History
At the end of the 19th century, the Comptoir national d'escompte de Paris (CNEP) – one of the founders of the , now BNP Paribas – had interests in Morocco, while from 1902 the Banque de Paris et des Pays-Bas (Paris and Netherlands Bank) helped financed the Sherifian Empire in Morocco.
Loans to Morocco, including those of 1902 and 1904 by the Paris and Netherlands Bank, helped finance the First Moroccan Crisis which led to the formation of Morocco as we know it today. However, these loans were at extremely high repayment rates. France, claiming payment guarantees, took control of Morocco's customs duties, which led to its taking control of the country in 1912 as the French protectorate in Morocco.
The bank played a key role as a capital investment bank in developing the Moroccan economy during the first half of the twentieth century. With holdings such as the Compagnie générale du Maroc (Génaroc) and ONA Group (, ), it was actively involved in financing Morocco's infrastructure (roads and railways, electricity, mining, and so on) in partnership with the State Bank of Morocco.
In 1950, Paribas opened a branch in Casablanca. In 1974 this merged with part of Banque Worms in 1974 to form the Société Marocaine de Dépôt et de Crédit ("Morocco Savings and Loan Association", SMDC).
The Banque Nationale pour le Commerce et l'Industrie en Afrique ("National Bank for Trade and Industry in Africa", BNCIA) had also been developing interests in Morocco since 1941. developed its activities Morocco from 1940.
Marocaine pour le Commerce et l'Industrie was created in 1964 from these origins, as part of the nationalization of Moroccanization businesses.
In 2000, , itself created in 1966 by the merger of the CNEP and BNCI, merged with Paribas to form BNP Paribas. In November 2001, Marocaine pour le Commerce et l'Industrie acquired its dormant ABN Amro Bank Maroc arm, to consolidate its position in the Morocco financial services market.
Ownership
, BNP Paribas is the majority shareholder, with 65.03% of stock.
The remaining stock is divided between:
AXA Assurance Maroc (9.11%)
Sanad Assurance (5.84%)
Atlanta Assurance (4.44%)
Holmarcom (2.41%)
Others: 13.17%
Subsidiaries
Arval
BMCI Bourse
BMCI Finance
BMCI Leasing Auto
BMCI Gestion
BMCI Assurance
BMCI Crédit Conso
BMCI Banque Offshore
References
External links
Banks of Morocco
BNP Paribas
Companies based in Casablanca |
5396731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warwick%20Agreement | Warwick Agreement | The Warwick Agreement is the name of a document agreed in July 2004 to the 2005 General Election between many of Britain's main trade unions and the Labour Party, which helped form Labour's 2005 election manifesto.
The affiliated trade unions are organised into a group called TULO (Trade Union & Labour Party Liaison Organisation).
The document is named after The University of Warwick, where the agreement was made.
Five main points
There are five main points covered by the Warwick Agreement:
Fairness at work
Pensions
Public services
Manufacturing
Other commitments
There are many principles covered by each heading (see separate sheets), including statutory pay and paid holidays, protection for pensions, sanitation improvements in the NHS, healthy eating in schools, expansion of skills programmes in the UK and more stringent limitations on interest rates and fees.
Future developments
There is a small sector that believes a new, more relevant version of the Warwick Agreement is required to clamp down on some aspects of public services. John McDonnell MP is one of this group, quoted as saying:
“Central to this Warwick Mark II programme should be the end of privatisation, the promotion of public ownership and public services, and the implementation of the Trade Union Freedom Bill.”
Another prominent character in this is Jon Cruddas MP, who puts a lot of emphasis on policy change and improving Trade Union rights.
Principles covered
Fairness at work
Four weeks paid holiday for all, exclusive of bank holidays.
Legislation on corporate manslaughter in the next parliamentary term.
Using Anti-Social Behaviour Orders to tackle violence and anti-social behaviour in and around front-line workplaces.
Major rollout of childcare schemes including Sure Start & Extended Childcare Scheme for lone parents.
Increased statutory redundancy pay.
To work in Europe for the introduction of employment protection for temporary and agency workers.
Protection for striking workers to be extended from 8 to 12 weeks.
New ‘Sectoral Forums’, for example in low wage industries to improve pay, skills, productivity and pensions.
Pensions
Protection for pension funds in company transfers or mergers.
Trade unions will gain the right to bargain on pensions.
Training to be introduced for pension trustees, and members to make up 50% of trustees.
Assistance for those who have already lost out on occupational pensions.
An agreement to engage in effective dialogue over the future of public sector pensions.
Legislation, if necessary, to move beyond the current voluntary system of occupational pensions.
A commitment on pensions for same sex partners.
Public services
The extension of two-tier workforce protection in local government across the public services.
A review of all National Health Service cleaning contracts on a test of cleanliness and not just the cost.
Consultation with all stakeholders to monitor PFI, including future financial implications.
Steps to develop staff roles, e.g., health care assistants to receive paid training and possible registration.
A commitment not to transfer out the vast majority of NHS employees.
Agreement to tackle unequal pay in local government.
Measures to promote healthy eating in schools and evaluate the possible extension of the free school meals programme.
Manufacturing
Review and enhance investment funds for manufacturing support with a view to having the best support possible.
Promote a public procurement which safeguards jobs and skills, encourages contracts to be given to UK firms for UK workers
within EU law, and support a review of EU procurement policy.
The Bank of England to consider regional and employment information when setting interest rates.
A strong skills agenda, including
The expansion of apprenticeships
Rolling out Employer Training Pilots, supporting free training up to NVQ2
Action in sectors under-performing on skills, including possible training levies
Union Learning Representatives trebled to 22,000.
Investment in Research and Development to rise to 2.5% of national income.
Improve credit export facilities.
Ensure Regional Development Agencies produce manufacturing strategies through working with employers and Trade Unions, and assist manufacturers to find new markets.
Other commitments
The Royal Mail to stay in public hands, with telecom regulation to focus on service choice and reliability as well as network
competition.
An immediate review of National Insurance Lower Earnings Limit to help lower paid workers get benefits.
The New Deal to provide help to unemployed over 50’s.
Action to tackle unethical labour agencies in the health sector.
Further action to tackle domestic violence and support those at risk.
Legal limits to stop rip-off interest rates for credit.
Stronger company disclosure on social, ethical, and environmental issues.
Resources
http://www.brc.org.uk/policycontent04.asp?iCat=42&iSubCat=406&sPolicy=Employment+%28UK%29&sSubPolicy=Warwick+Agreement
http://www.gmb.org.uk/Templates/Internal.asp?NodeID=94362&int1stParentNodeID=89645&int2ndParentNodeID=89660
http://www.amicustheunion.org/default.aspx?page=2824
http://www.amicustheunion.org/pdf/warwick%20agreement%20leaflet1.pdf
http://newsweaver.co.uk/amicus/e_article000655215.cfm?x=b11,0,w
http://www.tgwu.org.uk/shared_asp_files/GFSR.asp?NodeID=93339
http://www.dti.gov.uk/files/file11436.pdf
Labour Party (UK) trade unions
British trade unions history
Labour relations in the United Kingdom
History of the Labour Party (UK)
2004 in British politics
2004 in labor relations |
5396739 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20of%20Accountancy | Master of Accountancy | The Master of Accountancy (MAcc, MAcy, or MAccy), alternatively Master of Science in Accounting (MSA or MSAcy) or Master of Professional Accountancy (MPAcy, MPAcc or MPAc), is a graduate professional degree designed to prepare students for public accounting; academic-focused variants are also offered.
In the United States, the program provides students with the 150 credit hours of classroom, but mostly clinical hours, required by most states before taking the Uniform Certified Public Accountant Examination.
This specialty program usually runs one to two years in length and contains from ten to twelve three semester credit courses (30 to 36 semester hours total). The program may consist of all graduate accounting courses or a combination of graduate accounting courses, graduate management, tax, leadership and other graduate business electives. The program is designed to not only prepare students for the CPA examination but also to provide a strong knowledge of accounting principles and business applications.
Similar graduate programs exist in Canada, where certain universities such as Brock University's Goodman School of Business, University of Waterloo's School of Accounting and Finance, and Carleton University's Sprott School of Business, offer the MAcc and waive all education requirements up until the Common Final Examination (CFE) in order to become a Canadian CPA.
A Master of Professional Accounting can also be obtained from Australian universities to qualify for the Australian CPA, IPA or CA.
As above, in other countries the degree's purpose may differ. Where the Bachelor of Accountancy is the prerequisite for professional practice, for example in South Africa, the Master of Accountancy then comprises specialized coursework in a specific area of accountancy (computer auditing, taxation...), as opposed to CPA preparation as above. It may also be offered as a research based program, granting access to doctoral programs.
Graduates entering corporate accounting or consulting often additionally (alternatively) pursue the Certified Management Accountant (CMA), Certified Internal Auditor (CIA) or other such certifications.
See also
Bachelor of Accountancy
Certified Public Accountant
Chartered Professional Accountant
Enrolled Agent
List of master's degrees
Master of Laws
Master of Taxation
References
Accounting scholarship
Business qualifications
Accounting
Accounting education |
4001329 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burmeso%20language | Burmeso language | The Burmeso language – also known as Taurap – is spoken by some 300 people in Burmeso village along the mid Mamberamo River in Mamberamo Tengah subdistrict, Mamberamo Raya Regency, Papua province, Indonesia. It is surrounded by the Kwerba languages to the north, the Lakes Plain languages to the south, and the East Cenderawasih Bay languages to the west.
Burmeso forms a branch of Malcolm Ross's family of East Bird's Head – Sentani languages, but had been considered a language isolate by Stephen Wurm and William A. Foley. The language has very distinct grammatical structure. It has SOV word order.
Phonology
Probable sound changes proposed by Foley (2018):
*p > /ɸ/
*tʃ > /s/
Pronouns
Burmeso independent pronouns are:
{|
! !! sg !! du !! pl
|-
! 1
| da || day || boro
|-
! 2
| ba || || bito
|}
Nouns
Burmeso has six noun classes, which are:
{|
! class !! semantic category
|-
| class 1 || male humans and associated things (contains half of all nouns)
|-
| class 2 || female humans and associated things
|-
| class 3 || body parts, insects, and lizards; material culture like axes and canoes, some foods; many natural phenomena
|-
| class 4 || mass nouns
|-
| class 5 || the two staple foods: sago tree and banana
|-
| class 6 || arrows, coconuts, and rice (traded items)
|}
Burmeso nouns have three genders: masculine, feminine, and neuter. Singular concordial suffixes are:
-ab ‘masculine’
-an ‘feminine’
-ora ‘neuter’
Examples of nominal concordial suffixes in usage:
Basic vocabulary
Basic vocabulary of Burmeso (singular and plural nominal forms) listed in Foley (2018):
{|
|+ Burmeso basic vocabulary
! gloss !! singular !! plural
|-
| ‘bird’ || tahabo || tohwodo
|-
| ‘blood’ || sar || sarido
|-
| ‘bone’ || hiwraf || himaruro
|-
| ‘breast’ || mom || momut
|-
| ‘ear’ || ara ||
|-
| ‘eat’ || bomo ||
|-
| ‘egg’ || kahup || kohuro
|-
| ‘eye’ || anar || anuro
|-
| ‘fire’ || hor || horemir
|-
| ‘give’ || i ~ o ||
|-
| ‘hair’ || ihna || ihiro
|-
| ‘leg’ || ago || agoro
|-
| ‘louse’ || hati ||
|-
| ‘man’ || tamo || dit
|-
| ‘name’ || ahau ||
|-
| ‘one’ || neisano ||
|-
| ‘see’ || ihi ||
|-
| ‘stone’ || ako || hiruro
|-
| ‘sun’ || misiabo || misiado
|-
| ‘tooth’ || arawar || araruro
|-
| ‘tree’ || haman || hememido
|-
| ‘water’ || baw || bagaruro
|-
| ‘woman’ || nawak || nudo
|}
Many Burmeso nouns display irregular and suppletive plural forms.
{|
! gloss !! singular !! plural
|-
| ‘man’ || tamo || dit
|-
| ‘banana’ || mibo || mirar
|-
| ‘dog’ || jamo || juwdo
|-
| ‘pig’ || sibo || sirudo
|-
| ‘white cockatoo’ || ayab || ayot
|-
| ‘house’ || konor || konodo
|-
| ‘mat’ || wira || wirasamir
|}
The following basic vocabulary words are from Voorhoeve (1975), as cited in the Trans-New Guinea database:
{| class="wikitable sortable"
! gloss !! Burmeso
|-
| head || agum
|-
| hair || ihiro
|-
| eye || jenar
|-
| tooth || araruro
|-
| leg || jago
|-
| louse || hati
|-
| dog || jamo
|-
| pig || sibo
|-
| bird || tohodo
|-
| egg || kohũp
|-
| blood || sar
|-
| bone || hiurap
|-
| skin || asi memiro
|-
| tree || haman
|-
| man || tamo
|-
| sun || misiavo
|-
| water || bau
|-
| fire || hor
|-
| stone || ako
|-
| name || ahau
|-
| eat || bomo
|-
| one || neisano
|-
| two || sor
|}
References
Further reading
Donohue, Mark. 2001. Animacy, class and gender in Burmeso. In: Pawley et al. (eds.), The Boy from Bundaberg: Studies in Melanesian Linguistics in Honour of Tom Dutton. Canberra: Pacific Linguistics.97–117.
Tasti, Markus and Mark Donohue. 1998. A Small Dictionary of Burmeso. Unpublished ms, University of Sydney.
Languages of western New Guinea
East Bird's Head languages
Unclassified languages of New Guinea |
5396740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lount%20Township%2C%20Ontario | Lount Township, Ontario | Lount is a geographic township in the Unorganized Centre Part of Parry Sound District in Central Ontario, Canada. The communities of Bummer's Roost, Rye and Wattenwyle are located in the township. It originally was settled by the building of the Rosseau and Nipssing Road which cuts diagonally through the township. Lount is part of the Almaguin Highlands region.
Etymology
This township in Parry Sound District was named in 1874 for William Lount (1840-1903), Liberal member for Simcoe North in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario, 1867–71, and for Toronto Centre in the House of Commons, 1896–7. He was subsequently appointed a judge in the High Court of Ontario. William Lount was a nephew of Samuel Lount, who led a party of reformers in the Rebellion of 1837 and was put to death the following year.
See also
List of townships in Ontario
References
Geographic townships in Ontario
Communities in Parry Sound District |
4001337 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black%20boubou | Black boubou | The black boubou, Somali boubou, Erlanger's boubou, or coastal boubou (Laniarius nigerrimus) is a medium-size bushshrike. It was split from the tropical boubou as a result of DNA sequence analysis, and this change in status was recognized by the International Ornithological Committee in 2008. Two colour morphs are recognized, a predominantly black one, the black boubou, and an extremely rare black and yellow morph which was formerly considered a separate species, the Bulo Burti boubou (Laniarius liberatus). The black boubou is found in Somalia and northern Kenya.
Description
The adult has glossy blue-black except for white spots on the rump, visible when the wings are spread and the rump feathers are erected. The underparts are white with a buffy or pinkish tinge on the breast and flanks. The bill is black; the eyes are dark reddish brown. The wings have white median coverts. The juvenile is similar but duller, with a greyish-brown bill, the upperparts mottled by yellowish-ochre to tawny feather tips, and dusky-barred flanks. The Somali boubou differs from tropical boubou in that it is smaller and has less white in the wing.
Bulo Burti boubou
The "Bulo Burti boubou", formerly recognized as a distinct species, Laniarius liberatus, was only known from one individual trapped in 1988 in central Somalia, 140 km inland in Hiiraan gobolka (region) near Buuloburde (Buulobarde, Bulo Burti) on the Shebelle River, and was described using blood and feather samples to provide a DNA sequence. Apparently for the first time for a modern bird description, no specimen (either the bird or a part of it) was kept as a type; the bird was released back into the wild in 1990 because the scientists who caught it felt that the species was very rare. The blood and feather samples were destroyed in the process of sequencing. The epithet liberatus ("the liberated one") was given because of this. It was not found during searches in 1989 and 1990. It resembles the red-naped bushshrike L. ruficeps but has no red nape, is black, not grey, on the mantle, and is washed buffy-yellow on throat and breast.
This presumed species was considered critically endangered by Birdlife International.
In 2008, a new review of the molecular sequence data revealed the identity of the Bulo Burti boubou as a colour morph of Laniarius nigerrimus (traditionally considered a subspecies of tropical boubou). Following the 2008 study the International Ornithological Committee recognized L. nigerrimus as distinct species and put L. liberatus into the synonymity of L. nigerrimus.
References
Laniarius
Birds of East Africa
Birds described in 1879
Controversial bird taxa |
5396742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keti%20Bandar%20Port | Keti Bandar Port | The Keti Bandar Port () is a port on the Arabian Sea, in the Thatta District, Sindh, Pakistan. The port was built on the remains of the older seaport of Debal where Muhammad bin Qasim and his army arrived from Iraq. Keti Bandar is approximately 150 highway kilometers from Karachi, with a driving time of around 3.5 to 4 hours. Two of the larger towns on the route from Karachi to Keti Bandar are Gharo and Mirpur Sakro.
Economy
Keti Bandar Project was planned to build a port and power station at Keti Bandar. The Keti Bandar economy completely relies upon fishing and the entire village is dependent on the fishermen who sometimes spend days at a time on their boats in the Arabian Sea. As these fishermen return with their catch they display their products in the open market, where buyers collect the fish and transport it to Karachi.
See also
List of ports in Pakistan
Keti
Karachi Port
Port Qasim
Gwadar Port
List of seaports
External links
Keti Bandar project may be revived - DAWN.com
References
Thatta District
Ports and harbours of Pakistan
Tourist attractions in Thatta |
4001345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Callulops | Callulops | Callulops is a genus of microhylid frogs from Sulawesi as well as the New Guinea region, from Talaud Islands and the Maluku Islands (Moluccas) in the northwest to the Louisiade Archipelago in the east.
They are medium- to large-sized terrestrial frogs inhabiting burrows on the forest floor, often under large rocks. Because their population densities can be low, and they are difficult to observe and collect owing to their lifestyle, many species are known only from few specimens.
Species
References
Microhylidae
Amphibians of Asia
Amphibians of Oceania
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by George Albert Boulenger |
Subsets and Splits
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