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5391363 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Blackfriars%20of%20Shrewsbury | The Blackfriars of Shrewsbury | The Black Friars of Shrewsbury is a short historical book by Paul Marsden, the former Shrewsbury MP, about the Dominican friars who arrived in Shrewsbury, England, in 1230 and built a church, cloisters, Lady chapel and series of outbuildings.
Book content
In 1221 St. Dominic, aged 51 years, died in Bologna, Italy. St. Dominic was revered for performing various miracles and caring for the poor and the sick. He was elected several times as bishop, but refused the position and preferred to stay among his fellow brethren. His Dominican friars moved freely among the citizenry spreading the word of God and helping those in need.
Henry III enthusiastically supported the friars in their quest to build a church in Shrewsbury, and from 1232 until the king's death in 1272, regularly gave orders to support the construction.
On the eve of the Battle of Shrewsbury in 1403, Prince Henry (later Henry V) stayed at the friary. The Dominican Church in England was split between the Welsh rebels and Henry IV, but the Shrewsbury friary remained loyal to the king and provided a safe haven for the prince. Following the battle, many of the noblemen who died on the battlefield were taken back to the friary and buried in its grounds.
Edward IV accompanied his pregnant wife Queen Elizabeth (Woodville) to the Shrewsbury friary in 1473. On 17 August, Richard was born. He became one of the Princes of the Tower, Richard of Shrewsbury and disappeared in the Tower of London together with his older brother King Edward V. Their uncle, Richard III was blamed for their disappearance.
The friary continued to serve the local Shropshire community, dispensing spiritual and medical help to local Salopians during its 300-year existence. However, on or around 29 September 1538, on Henry VIII's orders, the friary was forced to close and the friars were thrown out onto the streets of Shropshire.
On 25 April 1539, it was reported that a plate of "Black fryers in Shrewesbury" had been delivered to the royal treasury by Thomas Thacker. All of the stonework was torn down and sold off.
Minor excavations were carried out in the 19th century, 1970s and 1990s. A bishop's chalice, floor tiles and numerous skeletons were found. Little remains above ground which is covered by the modern Blackfriars apartments. Boxes containing parts of the skeletons are stored in the basement of Rowley's House Museum in Shrewsbury together with various artefacts.
See also
Aquinas and the Sacraments
Cestui que
Dissolution of the Monasteries
Dominican Order
English Reformation
Henry VIII of England
Saint Dominic
St. Thomas Aquinas
Third Order of St. Dominic
Thought of Thomas Aquinas
The English Dominicans
References
History of Shropshire
Shrewsbury
2005 books |
3998715 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Security%20of%20payment | Security of payment | Security of Payment refers to any system designed to ensure that contractors and sub-contractors are paid even in case of dispute. This can involve a system of progress payments, interim arbitration decisions, or a system which legally requires a company to pay an invoice within a set number of days, regardless of whether the company believes they are accurate.
Security of Payment in Australia
Background
Security of Payment legislation has been introduced by each Australian State and Territory to allow for the rapid determination of progress claims under building contracts or sub-contracts and contracts for the supply of goods or services in the building industry. This process, which establishes adjudication as the primary dispute resolution mechanism, was designed to ensure cash flow to businesses in the construction industry, without the parties getting tied up in lengthy and expensive litigation or arbitration. In addition to quick payment, the scheme also allows for security of payment to be provided in stages or payment schedule.
NSW was the first State to implement a legislative scheme in 1999, with the remaining States following suit between 2002 and 2009. There is no federal Security of Payment legislation in Australia.
Reviews of Security of Payment Legislation
Since 1974 there have been at least 30 reviews, discussion papers, and inquiries at the state and federal level that are related to financing in the building and construction industry.
There is currently a federal review underway, led by John Murray AM. The Murray Review was announced on 21 December 2016, with a progress report due by 30 September 2017. A final report with recommendations is due to the Minister for Employment no later than 31 December 2017.
The NSW Office of Fair Trading is also conducting a full review of the NSW Security of Payment legislation following a discussion paper released in December 2015. Submissions closed on 26 February 2016. There is no publicly available final due date for this report.
Adjudication and Authorised Nominating Authorities
Adjudication using a third party is much quicker rather than litigation through a court. An adjudicator’s determination must be made within 10 days of receipt of application. It is also less expensive. An adjudicator’s determination is binding on the parties and claims can be recovered as a debt owing in a Court.
Despite the Security of Payment Act, lengthy litigation disputes do still persist. The scale of the problem is still huge, as witnessed by "Australia Gas Firms Locked in Legal Battles with Contractors"
In addition an adjudicator's decision may be overturned as well, the case of Probuild Constructions (Aust) Pty Ltd v Shade Systems Pty Ltd has allowed an adjudicator's determination for a non-jurisdictional error to be overturned through judicial review. In another case, it went against Brodyn Pty Ltd v Davenport which previously held judicial intervention was limited to cases of a breach of essential and basic requirements.
There is a strong perception that Adjudicators are biased in favour of claimants, especially in the States using the 'East Coast' model of Security of Payment legislation. Claimants in these jurisdictions apply for adjudication of a payment dispute through an Authorised Nominating Authority rather than agree an Adjudicator with the respondent (as is the case in the 'West Coast' model). This perception is caused by the perceived ability for claimants to pressure ANAs into providing an Adjudicator that will favour the claimant's case.
In response to this issue, Queensland abolished Authorised Nominating Authorities in December 2014 amendments to its Security of Payment legislation. They have been replaced with an Adjudication Registrar. However this has led to new challenges, with the number of withdrawn Security of Payment applications increasing from 33% to 94% between December 2014 and September 2015.
Challenges associated with Security of Payment Legislation in Australia
The December 2015 Senate Inquiry into Insolvency in the Australian Construction Industry found that Security of Payment legislation has been effective where it was used. However it is underutilised by subcontractors for several reasons, chiefly:
There is still a major power imbalance between subcontractors and contractors;
There is confusion and poor understanding of the legislative scheme; and
Accessing the scheme is still costly.
Power imbalance
Although the Security of Payment legislation was designed to reduce the power imbalance in the payment chain, the scheme’s own take-up has been deterred by this same power imbalance.
Fear of retribution, threatening behaviour and intimidation from those higher in the contractual chain act as a strong deterrent to using the legislation. The intimidation may be indirect, such as a questionnaire including “have you ever used the SoP legislation?”.
Further, subcontractors fear or have actually been threatened by head contractors that if they make a payment claim they will be cut off from future work. In fact, the likelihood of ability to get future work can be the basis for a subcontractor’s decision to use the Act.
Confusion and poor understanding
The Collins Review found that there is a lack of knowledge and awareness among subcontractors of what rights and enforcement options are available. This is compounded by the lack of education and support for subcontractors attempting to utilise the Act.
A second contributory factor is the relative lack of financial acumen amongst smaller-scale contractors, who have not needed to acquire financial or legal skills during their career.
The short timeframes can in fact negatively affect parties as they may not realise they are in a dispute and their time under the legislation has started to run. Alternatively, subcontractors may be deliberately strung out by parties with greater legal resources and cash flow.
Costliness of dispute resolution
Short time frames have sped up the rate at which subcontractors can recover payment, ensuring critical cash flow for claimants.
However there has been a significant amount of litigation created by the Security of Payments legislation around Australia. According to the Collins Review, even a simple claim with an adjudicator and legal fees can cost around $4,000-5,000, meaning that subcontractors may be underpaid by $4,000 per progress payment without fear of dispute resolution action.
The cost of enforcing Adjudicators’ findings has proven to be also a disincentive for potential claimants. An enforcement action requires considerable time, effort and financial outlay borne directly by subcontractors. Subcontractors who engage legal advice in order to seek overdue progress payments often emerge less well-off than subcontractors who cut their losses. Larger respondents have been able to string-out court action until the claimant either becomes insolvent or ends the legal action.
Private measures
Commonly, businesses in the building and construction industry in Australia will include the following statement on payment claims or tax invoices:
"This is a payment claim made pursuant to the Building and Construction Industry (Security of Payment) Act 2009 (ACT)” or "This is a payment claim made under the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 1999 NSW". These Statements may vary depending in which Province the Claim is made. However this has not been a requirement in NSW since legislative amendments in 2013.
Security of Payment in the UK
The UK's security of payment scheme can be found in the Housing Grants, Construction and Regeneration Act 1996. This Act was amended in 2009 by the passage of the Local Democracy, Economic Development and Construction Act 2009.
References
Legal terminology |
3998725 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%8Dslendinga%20saga | Íslendinga saga | Íslendinga saga (Saga of Icelanders) makes up a large part of Sturlunga saga, a compilation of secular contemporary sagas written in thirteenth-century Iceland. The terminus ante quem of the compilation is disputed (between the options 1308 or 1353).
Íslendinga saga has been a major source of material for historians concerning events in early 13th century Iceland. The author is commonly believed to have been Icelandic chieftain, Sturla Þórðarson. The style of Íslendinga saga has been called admirable, due to its frankness, openness and impartiality — historians largely seem to agree that it gives a fairly accurate picture of Iceland in the 13th century, if only because the author or authors would have been dealing with contemporary events.
If the author was Sturla Þórðarson (which is generally agreed), he spoke of himself, like Julius Caesar, in the third person. He can be understood as a particularly well informed source, since he was related to or befriended with most of the participants in the politics of the era. Other sources confirm that by calling him a model of moderation.
References
Other sources
Vigfússon, Guðbrandur; Sturla Þórðarson (2010) Sturlunga Saga: Including the Islendinga Saga of Lawman Sturla Thordsson and Other Works, Volume 1 (Nabu Press)
Þórðarson, Sturla (2008) Sturlunga Saga: Including the Islendinga Saga of Lawman Sturla Thordsson and Other Works, Volume II (BiblioBazaar)
Torearson, Sturla (2008) Sturlunga Saga: Including the Islendinga Saga of Lawman Sturla Thordsson and Other Works, Volume II (BiblioLife)
See also
Sauðafell Raid
Sagas of Icelanders
Works by Sturla Þórðarson |
3998727 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sayed%20al-Hashim%20Mosque | Sayed al-Hashim Mosque | The Sayed al-Hashim Mosque ( Masjid as-Sayed Hāshim; ) is one of the largest and oldest mosques in Gaza, located in the ad-Darrāj Quarter of the Old City, off of al-Wehda Street. The tomb of Hashim ibn Abd al-Manaf, Muhammad's great grandfather who died in Gaza during a trading voyage, is located under the dome of the mosque according to Muslim tradition.
A mosque and hostel have been located at the present site since at least the 12th century CE. The mosque had a madrasa and was a center for religious learning in the 19th and parts of the 20th-century. The mosque was named after Hashim. The Sayed al-Hashim Mosque was frequented by visiting traders from Egypt, Arabia and Morocco.
The existing mosque was built in 1850, on the orders of the Ottoman sultan Abdul Majid. Some of the older materials used in the mosque’s construction were taken from the mosques and other buildings destroyed by Napoleon Bonaparte's troops. The original Ottoman minaret was rebuilt in 1903 and the north and west aisles were also built during the same period. The mausoleum of Hashim is located in the north-western corner of the mosque.
See also
List of mosques in the State of Palestine
References
Religious buildings and structures completed in 1850
12th-century mosques
19th-century mosques
Mosques in Gaza City |
3998730 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2021%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 21 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 20 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 22
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 6 (March 5 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 21st, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 8.
Saints
Saint Eustathius of Antioch, Archbishop of Antioch (337)
Hieromartyr Severian, Bishop of Scythopolis in Palestine (452)
Venerable Andreas and Anatolios, monastics of the Church of Jerusalem, disciples of Venerable Euthymius the Great (5th century)
Saint Maximianus of Ravenna, Bishop of Ravenna and Confessor (c. 556) (see also: February 22)
Saint John Scholasticus, Patriarch of Constantinople (577)
Saint Zachariah, Patriarch of Jerusalem (632)
Venerable Timothy of Symbola on Mt. Olympus in Bithynia (795)
Saint George of Amastris, Bishop of Amastris on the Black Sea (c. 805)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Felix of Metz, third Bishop of Metz in France for over forty years (2nd century))
Saint Severus and Sixty-Two Companions, martyrs in Syrmium in Pannonia (3rd-4th centuries)
Saint Alexander of Adrumetum, martyred with others in North Africa (c. 434)
Martyrs Verulus, Secundinus, Siricius, Felix, Servulus, Saturninus, Fortunatus and Companions, martyrs in North Africa, probably under the Vandals (c. 434)
Saint Paterius, a monk, disciple and friend of St Gregory the Great, he became Bishop of Brescia and was a prolific writer (606))
Saint Pepin of Landen, Duke of Brabant, he was the husband of St Ida and the father of St Gertrude of Nivelles and St Begga (c. 646)
Saint Ercongotha, daughter of King Erconbert of Kent and St Saxburgh, became a nun at Faremoutiers-en-Brie under her aunt, St Ethelburgh, but reposed very young (660)
Saint Gundebert (Gumbert, Gondelbert), Bishop of Sens in France, later the founder of the monastery of Senones around 660 (c. 676)
Saint Germanus of Granfelden, Abbot of Granfield in the Val Moutier in Switzerland, martyred with another monk, Randoald, while interceding for the poor (677)
Saint Avitus II of Clermont, Bishop of Clermont in Auvergne, one of the great bishops of the age (689)
Saint Valerius, a monk and Abbot of San Pedro de Montes, he left several ascetic writings (695)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Saint Macarius, Hieroschemamonk of Glinsk Hermitage (1864)
New martyrs and confessors
New Hieromartyrs Alexander Vislyansky, Daniel Alferov and Gregory Klebanov, Priests (1930)
New Hieromartyr Constantine Pyatikrestovsky, Priest and Paul Shirokogorov, Deacon (1938)
Virgin-Martyr Olga Koshelev (1939)
Other commemorations
"Kozelshchina" (Kolzelshchanskaya) Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos (1881)
Repose of Blessed Simon (Todorsky), bishop of Pskov (1754) <small>(see also: February 22)</small>
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 21 / March 6. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
March 6 / February 21. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 21. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas. St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). pp. 16-17.
The Twenty-First Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
February 21. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 54-55.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 80.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 21 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
Συναξαριστής. 21 Φεβρουαρίου.'' Ecclesia.gr. (H Εκκλησια τησ Ελλαδοσ).
Russian Sources
6 марта (21 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
21 февраля (ст.ст.) 6 марта 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (Decr).
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
3998749 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Avery%20%28basketball%29 | William Avery (basketball) | William Franklin Avery Jr. (born August 8, 1979) is an American former professional basketball player.
College career
Avery, at 6 ft 2 in (1.90 m), was the starting point guard on the 1998–99 Duke Blue Devils men's basketball team, where he averaged 14.9 points and 5.0 assists per game his sophomore year. After winning 32 straight games, Duke lost in the National Championship game to the University of Connecticut. Avery, along with Elton Brand and Corey Maggette, became one of the first players under Mike Krzyzewski to leave Duke before graduating.
Professional career
NBA
Avery was selected 14th overall by the Minnesota Timberwolves in the 1999 NBA Draft after his sophomore year. He averaged 2.7 points per game and 1.4 assists per game in 142 NBA games over three seasons with the Timberwolves.
Israel and Europe
Avery was not signed by any NBA teams after his 3-year contract with the Timberwolves expired in 2002, so he moved his career overseas. Avery played with the following pro clubs: Hapoel Tel Aviv and Hapoel Jerusalem of the Israeli League, Strasbourg IG of the French League, Azovmash Mariupol of the Ukrainian League, Makedonikos Alfa, Panionios, and AEK Athens of the Greek League, ALBA Berlin of the German League, and Galatasaray Café Crown of the Turkish League.
Avery was released from Galatasaray in October 2007, just three months after signing with the club. He then immediately moved to Greece and signed with AEK Athens. He joined Trikala 2000 in 2008. In the summer of 2009, he moved to PAOK BC. In February 2011 he signed with Energa Czarni Slupsk in Poland.
Retirement
Avery retired from professional basketball in 2012. After retirement, he returned to Evans, Georgia where he started a basketball camp.
In the Fall of 2019, Avery returned to Duke University to complete his degree.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
AEK B.C. players
Alba Berlin players
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American expatriate basketball people in Greece
American expatriate basketball people in Israel
American expatriate basketball people in Poland
American expatriate basketball people in Turkey
American expatriate basketball people in Ukraine
American men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 1999 NCAA Division I Men's Final Four
Basketball players from Augusta, Georgia
BC Azovmash players
Duke Blue Devils men's basketball players
Galatasaray S.K. (men's basketball) players
Hapoel Tel Aviv B.C. players
Hapoel Jerusalem B.C. players
Israeli Basketball Premier League players
Makedonikos B.C. players
Minnesota Timberwolves draft picks
Minnesota Timberwolves players
Panionios B.C. players
P.A.O.K. BC players
Parade High School All-Americans (boys' basketball)
Point guards
SIG Basket players
Trikala B.C. players
Oak Hill Academy (Mouth of Wilson, Virginia) alumni |
3998751 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luc%20de%20la%20Corne | Luc de la Corne | Luc de la Corne, (1711 – October 1, 1784) also known as Saint Luc, was the son of Jean-Louis de La Corne de Chaptes (1666-1732), King's Lieutenant at Montreal, and Marie Pécaudy de Contrecœur. Saint-Luc was an officer in the Compagnies Franches de la Marine; his brother Louis de la Corne, Chevalier de la Corne, later became a very successful merchant at Montreal. Though relatively unknown, he played a major role in American and Canadian history. He is most famous for returning from the shipwreck of the Auguste off the coast of Cape Breton, Nova Scotia, at the age of fifty, during the dead of winter, to Quebec City - a trek of 700 miles (1,125 kilometres). He had a varied and courageous military career which earned him the cross of Saint Louis in 1759. He fought at both the Battle of Fort William Henry during the French and Indian War and at the Battle of Saratoga during the American Revolution.
He became a very successful merchant and was heavily involved in the Montreal end of the fur trade. His brother, Jean-Louis, was heavily involved in the fur trade and exploration and Luc controlled the eastern end of his activities. Another brother, François-Josué de La Corne was the commandant of Fort Kaministiquia for a time and large fur trade profits were realized. He was in partnership with Louis-Joseph Gaultier de La Vérendrye for three years south of Lake Superior. In the same period his brother, Louis de la Corne was commandant of the western forts founded mainly by the elder La Vérendrye. Most of his ventures made large profits and, at the time of his death, he was one of the richest men in Canada.
French and Indian War
Luc de la Corne was an interpreter for Louis-Joseph de Montcalm at the Massacre of Fort William Henry. Saint Luc was held partially responsible for the attack on the British troops and was dismissed.
In 1761, Luc was returning to France, when his ship Auguste ran into terrible weather and sank. The seven endured some terrible hardships but eventually found themselves back in Montreal. The feat made Saint Luc de la Corne famous in Quebec.
American Revolution
During the American Revolution Saint Luc reappeared as an interpreter for John Burgoyne during his trek to Saratoga. During this campaign two natives of Saint Luc's detachment were found responsible for the killing of Jane McCrea.
References
External links
The Wreck of the Auguste, 1761
La Corne
1711 births
1784 deaths
British Indian Department
People of New France
Order of Saint Louis recipients
La Corne |
5391365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Diocese%20of%20Mondo%C3%B1edo-Ferrol | Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol | The Roman Catholic Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol (also known as "Dioecesis Mindoniensis-Ferrolensis") is the northernmost of the four Latin rite suffragan dioceses in the ecclesiastical province of the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela, which covers Galicia in the northwest of Spain. The area had previously been home to Britonia, a settlement founded by expatriate Britons in the wake of the Anglo-Saxon invasion of Britain. Britonia was represented by the diocese referred to as Britonensis ecclesia (Britton church) in sources from the 6th and 7th centuries.
The bishop has a (main) cathedral (from Latin "cathedra" meaning episcopal seat), a minor basilica and World Heritage Site (Catedral Basílica de la Virgen de la Asunción, dedicated to the Assumption of Mary) in Mondoñedo, administrative Province of Lugo, and a co-cathedral Concatedral de San Julián in Ferrol, administrative Province of A Coruña, as well as a former cathedral which is a minor basilica, Basilica de San Martín de Mondoñedo in Foz, Lugo province.
History
866: Established as Diocese of San Martiño de Mondoñedo on Galician territories split off from the Diocese of Oviedo and Metropolitan Archdiocese of Lugo
Renamed in 1114 as Diocese of San Martiño de Mondoñedo–Dume, having gained territory from the suppressed Diocese of Dume (in Portugal)
Renamed in 1219 as Diocese of Mondoñedo / Mindonien(sis) (Latin), having lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Braga (Portugal)
On 17 October 1954 it gained territory from Diocese of Oviedo, lost territory to Metropolitan Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela, and exchanged territory with Diocese of Lugo
Renamed on 9 March 1959 as Diocese of Mondoñedo–Ferrol / Mindonien(sis)–Ferrolen(sis) (Latin)
Some authorities have sought to fix the date of the foundation of this diocese (under its primitive name of Britonia) earlier than the second half of the 6th century, but the later date seems the more probable when we consider that, at the Second Council of Braga (572), Mailoc, Bishop of Britonia, was ranked lowest because of the more recent origin of his see. It seems to have been founded by the Suevian king, Theodomir, converted to Catholicism by St Martin of Dumio, and to have included in its jurisdiction the churches of the Britones (a territory coinciding with that of Mondoñedo) and some of those of the Asturias. In the beginning it was a suffragan of Lugo, until the Goths placed Lugo under the jurisdiction of Braga. After Mailoc no mention is found of the bishops of Britonia for a long time, doubtless because the great distance from Toledo made it impossible for them to assist at the councils. In 633 Metopius, Bishop of Britonia, assisted at the Fourth Council of Toledo, presided over by St Isidore of Seville. Sonna, his successor, was one of the bishops who signed at the Seventh Council of Toledo (646) and sent a representative to the Eighth Council of Toledo (16 December 653). When Britonia was invaded and destroyed by the Saracens, the bishop and priests took refuge in Asturias. In 899, during the reign of Alfonso III of Asturias, Theodesimus, Bishop of Britonia, assisted with other prelates at the consecration of the church of Santiago de Compostela. It may also be noted that, in the repartition of the parishes, the church of San Pedro de Nova was assigned as the residence of the bishops of Britonia and Orense, when they should come to assist at the councils of Oviedo. By that time, however, the See of Britonia had been translated to the town of Mondumetum and the church of St. Martin of Dumio, or Mondoñedo. The diocese has since been most generally known by this name, although the episcopal residence has again changed. After the time of St. Martin it was transferred to Villamayor de Brea, from which it derived the name of Villabriensis, and afterwards to Ribadeo, but it was nevertheless known as Mindoniense, as a document of the year 1199 bears witness. At first, its patron was St. Martin of Tours, but St. Martin of Dumio was afterwards chosen patron.
The diocese of Valabria, corresponding to the diocese that had its seat at Villamayor de Brea, is included in the Catholic Church's list of titular sees.
Leadership
Bishops of Britonia (Bretoña)
Mailoc (Second Council of Braga, 572)
Metopius (Fourth Council of Toledo, 633)
Sonna (Seventh Council of Toledo, 646)
Susa (Eighth Council of Toledo, 653)
Bela (Third Council of Braga, 675)
Bishops of Dumio (Dumium, San Martiño)
Savaric I (866–877)
Rudesind I (877–907)
Savaric II (907–924)
Rudesind II (925–950)
Arias I Núnez (950–955)
Rudesind II (again) (955–958)
Arias I Núnez (again) (959–962)
Rodrigo (965–972)
Teodomiro (972–977)
Arias II Peláez (977–984)
Armentario (984–1011)
Suario I (1015–1022)
Nuño I (1025–1027)
Adulfo (¿–?)
Albito (1040?)
Suario II (1058–1071)
Saint Gonzalo (1071–1112)
Nuño Alfonso (1112–1136)
Bishops of Vilamaior
Pelayo I (1136–1154)
Pedro I (1155–1167)
Joán Pérez (1170–1173)
Rabinato (1177–1199)
Bishop of Ribadeo
Pelayo de Cebeyra (Pelayo II) (1199–1218)
Bishops of Mondoñedo
Martín Duniense (1219–1248)
Joán II de Sebastiáns (1248–1261)
Nuño II Pérez (1261–1286)
Álvaro Gómez (1286–1297)
Rodrigo Vázquez (1298–1318)
Gonzalo Osorio (1319–1326)
Joán III (1327–1329)
Álvaro Pérez de Biezma (1326–13431)
Vasco (1343–1346)
Alfonso Sánchez (1347–1366)
Francisco I (1367–1393)
Lope de Mendoza (1393–1399)
Álvaro de Isorna (1400–14151)
Gil Soutelo (1415–1425)
Gil Rodríguez de Muros (1429–1432)
Pedro Henríquez (1426–1445)
Pedro Arias Vaamonde (1446–1448)
Alfonso de Segura (1449–1455)
Alfonso Vázquez de Acuña (1455–1457, appointed Bishop of Jaén)
Fadrique de Guzmán (1462–1492)
Alonso Suárez de la Fuente del Sauce (1493–1495, appointed Bishop of Lugo)
Pedro de Munébrega (1498–1504)
Diego de Muros (bishop of Oviedo) (4 Apr 1505 Appointed – 1 Oct 1512 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Diego Pérez Villamuriel (1 Oct 1512 Appointed – 1520 Died)
Juan Loaysa (8 Jun 1524 – 1525 Died)
Jerónimo Suárez Maldonado (10 Jul 1525 Appointed – 20 Mar 1532 Appointed, Bishop of Badajoz)
Pedro Pacheco de Villena (Ladrón de Guevara) (6 Sep 1532 Appointed – 11 Apr 1537 Appointed, Bishop of Ciudad Rodrigo)
Antonio Guevara Noroña, O.F.M. (11 Apr 1537 Appointed – 3 Apr 1545 Died)
Diego Soto Valera (27 Nov 1545 Appointed – 21 Aug 1549 Died)
Francisco de Santa María Benavides Velasco, O.S.H. (17 Jul 1550 Appointed – 21 Oct 1558 Appointed, Bishop of Segovia)
Pedro Maldonado (bishop), O.F.M. (23 Jan 1559 Appointed – 2 Jul 1566 Died)
Gonzalo de Solórzano (13 Jan 1567 Appointed – 18 Feb 1570 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Antonio Luján Luján, O.F.M. (20 Feb 1570 Appointed – 7 Oct 1570 Died)
Juan de Liermo Hermosa (4 Jun 1574 Appointed – 26 Jul 1582 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela)
Isidoro Caja de la Jara (20 Dec 1582 Appointed – 26 May 1593 Died)
Gonzalo Gutiérrez Montilla (16 Nov 1593 Appointed – 18 Sep 1598 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Diego González Samaniego (1 Feb 1599 Appointed – 22 Oct 1611 Died)
Alfonso Mesía de Tovar (18 Jun 1612 Appointed – 27 Jan 1616 Appointed, Bishop of Astorga)
Pedro Fernández Zorrilla (23 Mar 1616 Appointed – 23 Jul 1618 Appointed, Bishop of Badajoz)
Rafael Díaz de Cabrera, O.SS.T. (6 Aug 1618 Appointed – 30 Sep 1630 Died)
Francisco Villafañe (12 May 1631 Appointed – 5 Sep 1633 Appointed, Bishop of Osma)
Antonio Valdés Herrera (19 Dec 1633 Appointed – 23 Jun 1636 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Gonzalo Sánchez de Somoza Quiroga (21 Jun 1638 Appointed – 14 Aug 1644 Died)
Juan Juániz de Echalar (31 Jul 1645 Appointed – 16 Dec 1647 Appointed, Bishop of Calahorra y La Calzada)
Francisco Torres Grijalba, O.S.A. (13 Jan 1648 Appointed – 4 Sep 1672 Died)
Dionisio Pérez Escobosa (23 Apr 1663 – 9 Jul 1668 Appointed, Bishop of Zamora)
Luis Tello de Olivares (26 Nov 1668 – 16 May 1671 Died)
Sebastián de Arévalo y Torres, O.F.M. (16 May 1672 – 20 Apr 1682 Appointed, Bishop of Osma)
Gabriel Ramírez de Arellano, O.P. (25 May 1682 – 22 Oct 1689 Died)
Miguel Quijada, O. Cist. (27 Sep 1690 – 31 May 1698 Died)
Manuel Francisco Navarrete y Ladrón de Guevara (1 Jun 1699 – 18 May 1705 Appointed, Archbishop of Burgos)
Juan Antonio Muñoz Salcedo, O.S.H. (1705 Ordained Bishop – 5 May 1728 Died)
Antonio Alejandro Sarmiento Sotomayor, O.S.B. (21 Sep 1728 – 18 Oct 1751 Died)
Juan Manuel de Escobar y de la Carrera (24 Apr 1752 Appointed – 27 Jul 1752 Died)
Carlos Antonio Riomol Quiroga (17 Nov 1752 Appointed – 1 Mar 1761 Died)
José Francisco Losada Quiroga (23 Nov 1761 Appointed – 30 Jun 1779 Died)
Francisco Cuadrillero Mota (11 Dec 1780 Appointed – 23 Mar 1797 Died)
Andrés Aguiar Caamaño (18 Dec 1797 Appointed – 12 Nov 1815 Died)
Bartolomé Cienfuegos (22 Jul 1816 Appointed – 22 Jan 1827 Died)
Franciso López Borricón (25 Jun 1827 Appointed – 10 Dec 1839 Died)
Tomás Iglesias Bárcones (20 May 1850 Appointed – 28 Nov 1851 Appointed, Patriarch of West Indies)
Telmo Maceira (27 Sep 1852 Appointed – 28 Sep 1855 Appointed, Bishop of Tui)
Ponciano Arciniega (25 Sep 1857 Appointed – 3 Sep 1868 Died)
Francisco de Sales Crespo y Bautista (5 Jul 1875 Appointed – 18 Feb 1877 Died)
José Manuel Palacios y López (25 Jun 1877 Appointed – 2 Dec 1885 Died)
José María Cos y Macho (10 Jun 1886 Appointed – 14 Feb 1889 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Cuba)
Manuel Fernández de Castro y Menéndez (30 Dec 1889 Appointed – 27 Jun 1905 Died)
Juan José Solís y Fernández (14 Dec 1905 Appointed – 24 Feb 1931 Died)
Benjamín de Arriba y Castro (1 May 1935 Appointed – 8 Aug 1944 Appointed, Bishop of Oviedo)
Fernando Quiroga y Palacios (25 Nov 1945 Appointed – 4 Jun 1949 Appointed, Archbishop of Santiago de Compostela)
Mariano Vega Mestre (5 Oct 1950 Appointed – 25 Apr 1957 Died)
Bishops of Mondoñedo-Ferrol
Jacinto Argaya Goicoechea (12 September 1957 Appointed – 18 November 1968 Appointed, Bishop of San Sebastián)
Miguel Angel Araújo Iglesias (2 July 1970 Appointed – 20 May 1985 Resigned)
José Gea Escolano (15 May 1987 Appointed – 6 June 2005 Retired)
Manuel Sánchez Monge (6 June 2005 Appointed – 6 May 2015 Appointed, Bishop of Santander)
Luis Ángel de las Heras Berzal (16 March 2016 Appointed – 21 October 2020 Appointed, Bishop of León)
Fernando García Cadiñanos (1 July 2021 Appointed – present)
Statistics and extent
As of 2014, it served 290,000 Catholics (99.7% of 291,000 total population) on 4,425 km2 in
422 parishes, covering the northern part of the Province of A Coruña and the Province of Lugo, with 153 priests (143 diocesan, 10 religious), 225 lay religious (14 brothers, 211 sisters) and 3 seminarians.
Parishes by District
Azumara District
Ansemar
Arneiro
Azúmara
Balmonte
Baltar
Bazar
Bián
Bretoña
Cadavedo
Castro de Rei
Corbelle
Crecente
Ferreiros (Santo André)
Ferreiros (San Martiño)
Fonmiñá
Goberno
Graña de Vilarente
Gueimonde
Lagoa
Loboso
Moncelos
Muimenta
Outeiro
Pacios
A Pastoriza
Piñeiro
Pousada
Prevesos
Quintela
Ramil
Reigosa (San Vicente)
Reigosa (Santiago)
Saldanxe
Silva
Santa Leocadia
Úbeda
Viladonga
Vilarente
Begonte-Parga District
Baamonde
Becín
Begonte
Bóveda
O Buriz
Carral
Castro
Cerdeiras
Damil
Donalbai
Felmil
Gaibor
Guitiriz
Illán
Labrada
Lagostelle
Mariz
Pacios
Parga (San Breixo)
Parga (Santo Estevo)
Parga (O Salvador)
Parga (Santa Cruz)
Parga (Santa Leocadia)
Pena (San Vicente)
Pena (Santa Eulalia)
Roca
Saavedra
Trasparga
Trobo
Uriz
Valdomar
Vilar
Os Vilares
Virís
Cedeira District
Abade
A Barqueira
Os Casás
Cedeira
Cerdido
Cervo
Esteiro
Labacengos
Moeche (Santa Cruz)
Moeche (San Xoán)
Moeche (San Xurxo)
Montoxo (San Román)
Montoxo (San Xiao)
Piñeiro
Régoa
Teixido
Vilarrube
Ferrol-Chamorro District
Brión
A Cabana
Cobas
Doniños
Esmelle
Narón (Santa Icía)
Ferrol (Santa Mariña)
Ferrol (San Paulo)
Ferrol (San Xoán de Filgueiras)
A Graña
Mandíá
A Mariña
Serantes
Ferrol]]-San Julian District
Ferrol (Nosa Señora das Angustias)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora das Dores)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora do Carme)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora do Pilar)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora do Rosario)
Ferrol (Nosa Señora do Socorro)
Ferrol (San Domingos)
Ferrol (San Miguel Arcanxo)
Ferrol (San Pedro Apóstolo)
Ferrol (San Pío X)
Ferrol (San Rosendo)
Ferrol (San Xiao)
Ferrol (Santa Cruz)
Ferrol (Santa María)
Miranda District
Agarda
Aldurfe
Álvare
Bogo
Conforto
Espasande
Ferreiravella
Galegos
Meilán
Moxoeira
Órrea
A Pontenova
Rececende (Santo Estevo)
Rececende (San Xoán)
Riotorto
Vilaboa
Vilarmeá
Vilarmide
Vilaodrid
Xudán
Mondoñedo District
Argomoso
Cabarcos (San Xiao)
Cabarcos (San Xusto)
Celeiro de Mariñaos
Couboeira
Figueiras
Líndín
Lourenzá (Santo Adrián)
Lourenzá (San Tomé)
Lourenzá (San Xurxo)
Santa María Maior
Masma
Mondoñedo (Nosa Señora do Carme)
Mondoñedo (Nosa Señora dos Remedios)
Mondoñedo (Santiago)
Mondoñedo (San Vicente)
Oirán
Sasdónigas
Vilamor
Vilanova de Lourenzá
Viloalle
Ortigueira District
Barbos
Cariño
Céltigos
Couzadoiro (San Cristobo)
Couzadoiro (O Salvador)
Cuiña
Os Devesos
O Ermo
Espasante
Feás
Os Freires
As Grañas do Sor
Insua, Ladrido
Landoi
Loiba
Luía
Mera (Santiago)
Mera (Santa María)
As Neves
Ortigueira
A Pedra
Senra
Sismundi
San Claudio
Veiga
As Pontes District
Apparel
Burgás
O Burgo
Cabreiros
Candamil
O Deveso
Espiñaredo
O Freixo
Irixoa
Lousada
Miraz
Momán
Muras
Piñeiro
Pontes (Somede)
As Pontes (Santa María)
Recemel
Roupar
Seixas
As Somozas
Vilavella
Viveiró
Xermade
Xestoso (San Pedro)
Xestoso (Santa María)
Ribadeo District
Arante
Balboa
Barreiros
Benquerencia
Cedofeita
Couxela
Cubelas
A Devesa
Fórnea
Ove
Piñeira
Reinante (Santiago)
Reinante (San Miguel)
Ría de Abres
Ribadeo
Rinlo
Sante
Trabada
Vidal
Vilaformán
Vilaframil
Vilamartín Pequeno
Vilaosende
Vilaouruz
Vilapena
Vilaselán
(Mondoñedo) San Martino District
Burela
Cangas de Foz
Castelo
Cervo
Fazouro
Foz
Lago
San Martiño de Mondoñedo
Monte
Morás
Nois
Portocelo
A Rigueira
Rúa
Sargadelos
Sumoas
San Cibrán (Lieiro)
Santa Icía
Vilaestrofe
Vilaronte
Xove
Xuances
Terra Chá District
Arcillá
Barredo
Bendia
Bestar
Bexán
Cospeito
Duancos
Duarría
Feira do Monte
Goá
Lamas
Lea
Loentia
Ludrio
Matodoso
A Meda
Momán
Mondriz
Mos
Nete
Oleiros
Orizón
Pino
Ribeiras de Lea
Rioaveso (Santa Eulalia)
Rioaveso (San Xurxo)
Roás
Seixas
Sisoi
Sistallo
Sobrada
Santa Cristina
Taboi
Támoga
Triabá
Vilapene
Xermar
Xustás
Valadouro District
Adelán
Alaxe
Bacoi
Budián
Cadramón
Carballido
Castro de Ouro
Cordido
Ferreira do Valadouro
Frexulfe
Lagoa
Mor
Moucide
Oirás
Pereiro
Recaré (San Tomé)
Recaré (San Xiao)
Valadouro (Santo Acisclo)
Valadouro (Santa Cruz)
Vilacampa
Vilalba District
Abadín
Abeledo
Alba
Aldixe
Árbol
A Balsa
Baroncelle
Belesar
Boizán
Cabaneiro
Candia
Carballido
Castromaior
Cazás
Codesido
Corbelle
Corvite
San Simón da Costa
Distriz
Fanoi
Galgao
As Goás
Goiriz
Gondaisque
Insua
Labrada
Ladra
Lanzós (San Martiño)
Lanzós (O Salvador)
Montouto
Mourence
Noche
Pígara
Quende
Román
Romariz
Samarugo
Sancobade
Santaballa
Soexo
Tardade
Torre
Vilalba
Vilapedre
Xoibán
Viveiro District
Ambosores
Boimente
Bravos
Cabanas (San Pantaleón)
Cabanas (Santa María)
Celeiro
Covas
Chavín
Faro
Galdo
Landrove
Magazos
Mañón
Merille
Miñotos
Mogor (O Barqueiro)
Mosende
As Negradas
Ourol
Ribeiras do Sor
Riobarba
Silán, Sixto
Suegos
San Román do Val
Valcarría
Vares
O Vicedo
Vieiro
Viveiro (San Pedro)
Viveiro (Santiago)
Viveiro (Santa María)
Xerdiz
Xubia District
Anca
Bardaos
Castro
Doso
Ferreira
Igrexafeita
Lago
Lamas
Loira
Lourido
Meirás
Santa Mariña do Monte
Naraío
Narón (Nosa Señora dos Desamparados)
Narón (Santiago Apóstolo)
Narón (San Xosé)
Narón (San Xiao)
Neda (Santa María)
Neda (San Nicolás)
Pantín
Pedroso
Sedes
Sequeiro
San Sadurniño
San Mateo de Trasancos
O Val
Valdoviño
Vilaboa
Viladonelle
Xubia
San Martiño do Couto
Xubia (Santa Rita)
See also
List of Catholic dioceses in Spain, Andorra, Ceuta and Gibraltar
References
Sources and external links
Official web site of the Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol
GCatholic.org - Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol - data for all sections
Catholic Hierarchy - Diocese of Mondoñedo-Ferrol
List of Spanish Dioceses
Official Web-site of the Archdiocese of Santiago de Compostela
Official Web-site of the Diocese of Lugo
Official Web-site of the Diocese of Ourense
Official Web-site of the Diocese of Tui-Vigo
Roman Catholic dioceses in Spain
Province of A Coruña |
5391369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahauddin%20Zakariya | Bahauddin Zakariya | Baha-ud-din Zakariya (Urdu and ) (c.1170 – 1262), also spelled Bahauddin Zakariya, and also known as Baha-ul-Haq and Bahauddin Zakariya Multani, was a Sunni Muslim scholar saint and poet who established the Suhrawardiyya order of Baghdad in medieval South Asia, later becoming one of the most influential spiritual leaders of his era.
Life
Abu Muhammad Bahauddin Zakariya, later known simply as Bahauddin Zakariya, was born around 1170 CE in Kot Kehror (now known as Karor Lal Esan), a town near the ancient city of Multan, in the southern part of the Punjab province of modern Pakistan. His grandfather, Shah Kamal-ud-Din Ali Shah Qureshi, had arrived in Multan from Mecca, Arabia while en route to the Khwarezm region of Central Asia.
Bahauddin Zakariya descended from the lineage of Asad Ibn Hashim, and was hence a Hashmi, or direct descendant of the same clan lineage as Muhammad.
The renowned Persian Sufi master Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi of Baghdad awarded Zakariya the spiritual title Caliph in Baghdad, and then assigned him back to the Multan region.
For fifteen years, Zakariya travelled to different cities in southern Punjab, where the order was able to attract large numbers of converts from Hinduism. Zakariya finally settled in Multan in 1222. Under his influence, Multan became known as "Baghdad of the East," and is referred by Zakariya in his Persian poetry:
Zakariya became a vocal critic of Multan's ruler at the time, Nasir-ud-Din Qabacha, and sided with Iltutmish, the Mamluk Sultan of Delhi when he overthrew Qabacha in 1228. Zakariya's support was crucial for Iltutmish's victory, and so he was awarded the title Shaikh-ul-Islam by Iltutmish to oversee the state's spiritual matters, in gratitude for his support. Zakariya was also granted official state patronage by the Sultan.
During his lifetime, Zakariya befriended Lal Shahbaz Qalandar - a widely revered Sufi saint from Sindh's, and founder of the Qalandariyya order of wandering dervishes. As Shaikh-ul-Islam, Zakariya was able to assuage orthodox Muslims, who were offended by the Lal Shahbaz Qalandar's teachings. Zakariya, and Shahbaz Qalandar, together with Baba Fariduddin Ganjshakar of the Chisti order, and Zakariya's disciple Syed Jalalauddin Bukhari, became part of the legendary Haq Char Yaar, or "Four friends" group, which is highly revered among South Asian Muslims.
Spiritual philosophy
Zakariya's Tariqat, or Sufi philosophical orientation, was to the renowned Persian Sufi master Shahab al-Din Abu Hafs Umar Suhrawardi of Baghdad. The Suhrawardi order rejected a life of poverty, as espoused by the Chisti order that was more prevalent in the Lahore region. Instead, the Suhrawardis believed in ordinary food and clothing, and rejected the Chisti assertion that spirituality lay upon a foundation of poverty. The Suhrawardis also rejected the early Chisti practice of dissociation from the political State.
Zakariya's preachings emphasized the need to conform to usual Islamic practices like fasting (roza) and alms-giving (zakat), but also advocated a philosophy of scholarship (ilm) combined with spirituality. His emphasis on teaching all humans, regardless of class or ethnicity, set him apart from his contemporary Hindu mystics.
He did not reject the traditional of spiritual music that was heavily emphasized in Chisti worship, but only partook in it on occasion. He rejected the Chisti tradition of bowing in reverence to religious leaders - a practice that may have been borrowed from Hinduism.
Impact
Zakariya's teachings spread widely throughout southern Punjab and Sindh, and drew large numbers of converts from Hinduism. His successors continued to exert strong influences over southern Punjab for the next several centuries, while his order spread further east into regions of northern India, especially in Gujarat and Bengal.
Shrine
Baha-ud-Din Zakariya died in 1268 and his mausoleum (Darbar) is located in Multan. The mausoleum is a square of , measured internally. Above this is an octagon, about half the height of the square, which is surmounted by a hemispherical dome. The mausoleum was almost completely ruined during the Siege of Multan in 1848 by the British, but was soon afterward restored by local Muslims.
Many pilgrims visit his shrine at the time of his urs from different parts of Pakistan and beyond.
Writings
Awrad-e-Shaikhush Shuyukh: Al-Awrad : Awrad-e-Suhrawardy
( اوراد شيخ الشيوخ : الاوراد : اوراد سهروردي)
See also
Suhrawardiyya
Commemorative honors
Bahauddin Zakaria Express train is named after him, which runs between Karachi and Multan.
Bahauddin Zakariya University located in Multan is named after him which is the largest institution in Southern Punjab.
References
Pakistani Sufi saints
1262 deaths
1170s births
People from Multan
Punjabi Sufis |
3998770 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Schools%20of%20the%20Sacred%20Heart | List of Schools of the Sacred Heart | The School of the Sacred Heart is an international network of private Catholic schools that are run by or affiliated with the Society of the Sacred Heart, which was founded in France by Saint Madeleine Sophie Barat. Membership of the network exceeds 2800. The Schools of the Sacred Heart were brought to the United States by Saint Rose Philippine Duchesne, where the association became known as the Network of Sacred Heart Schools. Their philosophy has five goals:
Educate to establish a personal and active faith in God
Educate to establish deep respect for intellectual values
Educate to establish a social awareness which compels one to action
Educate to establish the building of a community with Christian values
Educate to establish personal growth in an atmosphere of wise freedom
List of Schools of the Sacred Heart
Schools highlighted in blue can be clicked on for more information.
Africa
Chad
Lycée du Sacré-Cœur, Ndjamena
Congo
École Maternelle Bosangani, Gombé
Lycée Tuzayana & École Primaire Filles, Mboma
Egypt
Collège du Sacré-Cœur, Cairo
Collège du Sacre-Cœur, Heliopolis
Sacred Heart Girls' School, Alexandria
Kenya
Laini Saba Primary School, Nairobi
Uganda
Agriculture School Bongorin
Kangole Girls' Senior Secondary School, Moroto
St. Charles Lwanga G.T.C. Kalunga, Masaka
Asia
Korea
Sacred Heart Girls' Middle School, Yongsan, Seoul
Sacred Heart Girls' High School, Yongsan, Seoul
India
Sacred Heart Convent Sr. Sec. School, Jagadhri, Yamunanagar
Children of the New Dawn School, Vasoli
Prerana Nursery School, Pune
Sophia Nursery School, Mumbai
Sacred Heart Convent High School, Ahmednagar
Sacred Heart Convent High School, Nashik
Pakistan
Sacred Heart Convent School, Lahore, Pakistan
Japan
University of the Sacred Heart Tokyo Shibuya, Tokyo Metropolitan Area
International School of the Sacred Heart Tokyo Shibuya, Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Sacred Heart School of Tokyo Sankocho-Minato, Tokyo Metropolitan Area
Sacred Heart School of Fuji City of Susono, Shizuoka Prefecture
Sacred Heart School of Obayashi City of Takarazuka, Hyōgo Prefecture
Sacred Heart School of Sapporo City of Sapporo, Hokkaido Prefecture
Taiwan
Sacred Heart Girls' High School, New Taipei City
Sacred Heart Primary School & Kindergarten, New Taipei City
Australia and New Zealand
Australia
Duchesne College, St. Lucia, Queensland
Kincoppal School, Rose Bay, Sydney, New South Wales
Sacré Cœur, Glen Iris, Victoria
Sancta Sophia College, Camperdown, New South Wales
Stuartholme School, Toowong, Queensland
Sacred Heart Girls College, Hughesdale, Victoria
New Zealand
Baradene College of the Sacred Heart, Auckland
Europe
Austria
Sacré Cœur Riedenburg, Bregenz
Sacré-Cœur Graz, Graz
Sacré-Cœur Pressbaum, Pressbaum
Campus Sacré-Cœur Wien, Wien
Campus Sacré-Cœur Wien Währing, Wien
Privatgymnasium der Herz-Jesu-Missionare, Salzburg
Belgium
Centre Scolaire du Sacré-Cœur de Jette, Brussels
Centre Scolaire Sacré-Cœur de Lindthout, Brussels
Centre Scolaire Sacré-Cœur de Lindthout Kindergarten, Brussels
Centre Scolaire Sacré-Cœur de Lindthout Primary School, Brussels
École Maternelle du Sacré-Cœur, Jette
École Primaire du Sacré-Cœur, Jette
France
École Primaire de Roucas, Marseille
École Primaire Sainte Odile, Montpellier
Lycée du Sacré-Cœur, Amiens
Institution de la Perverie, Nantes
Groupe Scolaire Sophie Barat, Chatenay-Malabry
Germany
Katholische Schule Herz-Jesu, Berlin
St. Adelheid-Gymnasium, Bonn
Sophie-Barat-Schule, Hamburg
Ireland
Mount Anville Primary School, Dublin
Mount Anville Secondary School, Dublin
St Catherine’s college secondary school, Armagh
Italy
Trinità dei Monti, Rome
Malta
Convent of the Sacred Heart Foundation, St. Julian
Poland
Sacré Cœur Nursery and Primary School, Tarnow
Spain
Colegio del Sagrado Corazon, Fuerteventura
Colegio del Sagrado Corazon, Godella
Colegio Mayor Sagrado Corazon, Barcelona
Colegio Sagrado Corazón Ikastetxea, Bilbao
Colegio Sagrado Corazon, Granada
Colegio Sagrado Corazon, Madrid
Colegio Sagrado Corazon Placeres, Pontevedra
Colegio Santa Maria de los Reyes, Seville
Colegio Santa Maria del Valle, Seville
Colegio Sta. Magdalena Sofia, Valencia
Colegio Sta. Magdalena Sofia, Zaragoza
Sagrado Corazón de Jesús-Rosales, Madrid
Sagrado Corazón de Pamplona, Pamplona
United Kingdom
England
St Columba's College, St Albans
Sacred Heart Catholic High School, Newcastle upon Tyne
Sacred Heart High School, London
Sacred Heart Primary School (Roehampton, Wandsworth), London
Sacred Heart Primary School, Newcastle upon Tyne
Woldingham School, Surrey
Digby Stuart College, London (formerly a teacher training college, now part of the University of Roehampton)
Northern Ireland
Mount St. Catherine's Primary School, Armagh
St. Catherine's College, Armagh
Scotland
Kilgraston School, Bridge of Earn, Perthshire
St. Joseph's R.C. Primary School, Aberdeen
North America
United States
Academy of the Sacred Heart, Saint Charles Woonsocket, Rhode Island
Academy of the Sacred Heart, Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Academy of the Sacred Heart, New Orleans, Louisiana
Academy of the Sacred Heart, St. Charles, Missouri
Carrollton School of the Sacred Heart, Miami, Florida
Convent of the Sacred Heart, Greenwich, Connecticut
Convent of the Sacred Heart, New York City, New York
Convent of the Sacred Heart (aka 'Seminary' & 'Academy' of the Sisters of the Sacred Heart), St. Joseph, Missouri 1855-1960
Sacred Heart Academy Bryn Mawr, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
Duchesne Academy, Houston, Texas
Duchesne Academy, Omaha, Nebraska
Forest Ridge School of the Sacred Heart, Bellevue, Washington
Josephinum Academy, Chicago, Illinois
Newton Country Day School, Newton, Massachusetts
Princeton Academy, Princeton, New Jersey
The Regis School, Houston, Texas
Sacred Heart Schools, Atherton, California
Sacred Heart Schools, Chicago, Illinois
Schools of the Sacred Heart, Grand Coteau, Louisiana
Academy of the Sacred Heart
Berchmans Academy of the Sacred Heart
Convent & Stuart Hall, San Francisco, California
Stone Ridge School, Bethesda, Maryland
Stuart Country Day School, Princeton, New Jersey
Villa Duchesne and Oak Hill School, St. Louis, Missouri
Woodlands Academy, Lake Forest, Illinois
Canada
Sacred Heart School of Halifax, Halifax, Nova Scotia
Sacred Heart School of Montreal, Montréal, Quebec
Sacred Heart Elementary, Delta, British Columbia
Mexico
Colegio Guadalajara, Guadalajara, Jalisco
Colegio Juan de Dios Peza, San Luis Potosí, San Luis Potosí
Colegio Sagrado Corazón, México
Escuela Guadalupe, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León
Instituto Mater del Sagrado Corazón, San Pedro Garza García, Nuevo León
South America
Argentina
Colegio Sagrado Corazón de Almagro, Buenos Aires
Colegio Sagrado Corazón, Rosario, Santa Fé
Brazil
Colégio Pitágoras, Cidade Jardim Belo Horizonte
Escola Dunamys, Curitiba
Colégio Madalena Sofia, Curitiba
Chile
Colegio del Sagrado Corazon - Concepción, Concepción
Colegio del Sagrado Corazón Monjas Inglesas Apoquindo - Las Condes, Santiago
Peru
Centro de Educación Basica Alternativa (CEBA) Sagrado Corazón, Puerto Inca, Huánuco
Colegio Parroquial Sagrado Corazon - Trujillo, Trujillo
Institución Educativa Sagrado Corazón - Arequipa
Institución Educativa Sagrado Corazón - Chorrillos, Lima
Colegio Sagrado Corazón Sophianum, Lima
Uruguay
Colegio Sagrado Corazón-Paso Carrasco, Ciudad de la Costa
Notable alumni
Politics, public service
Catherine Day, secretary general of the European Commission
Dianne Feinstein, United States Senator
Lucille May Grace, Louisiana Register of the State Lands, 1931–1952; 1956–1957
Caroline Kennedy, attorney and diplomat
Ethel Skakel Kennedy, human rights campaigner
Rosario Kennedy, former deputy mayor of the City of Miami, Florida
Sadako Ogata, former United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees
Samantha Power, 28th US Ambassador to the United Nations
Mary Robinson, the 7th (and first female) President of Ireland, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights (1997–2002)
Jenny Sanford, the former first lady of South Carolina.
Eunice Kennedy Shriver, human rights activist
Maria Shriver, journalist and California first lady
Kathleen Kennedy Townsend, Maryland Lieutenant Governor
Empress Michiko (Michiko Shoda), Empress consort of Japan
Jean Kennedy Smith, diplomat
Society, fashion
Rose Fitzgerald Kennedy, socialite, matriarch of the American Kennedy family
Joan Bennett Kennedy, socialite
Leah McSweeney, fashion designer
Minnie Mortimer, fashion designer
Nicky Hilton Rothschild, heiress and socialite
Gloria Morgan Vanderbilt, socialite
Harriet Sylvia Ann Howland Green Wilks, socialite and heiress
Arts, entertainment
Karen Akers, actress and singer
Lourdes Benedicto, actress
Niia Bertino, musician
Jordana Brewster, actress and model
Sofia Carson, singer and actress
Dorothy Donnelly, actress and playwright
Megan Ellison, film producer for Academy nominated films such as American Hustle, Zero Dark Thirty, and Her.
Stefani Germanotta (Lady Gaga), singer
Salma Hayek, actress
Lauren Jauregui, singer and member of girl group Fifth Harmony
Margaret Mayo, playwright and actress
Christa Miller, actress
Myoui Mina, singer and member of South Korean girl group Twice
Carey Mulligan, actress, singer
Minnie Palmer, actress
Sarah Van Patten, principal dancer, San Francisco Ballet
Génesis Rodríguez, actress
Lillian Russell, actress and singer
Emily Rutherfurd, actress
Susan Saint James actress (McMillan & Wife, Kate & Allie).
Alix Smith, photographer
Frederica von Stade, singer
Elaine Stritch, actress and singer
Charlotte Selina Wood, child actress
Emma Corrin, actress
Journalism, publishing
Margaret Brennan, anchor and news reporter.
Theresa Hak Kyung Cha, author
Sandra Cisneros, author (The House on Mango Street)
Melissa de la Cruz, author
Susan Konig, author and publisher
Andrea Koppel, journalist
Ana Navarro, Republican Party strategist and a political commentator for CNN, ABC and other broadcasters
Cokie Roberts, journalist
Athletics
Caroline "KK" Clark, American water polo player
Tierna Davidson, soccer player
Mary Joe Fernandez, American tennis player
Katie Ledecky, American swimmer
Lia Neal, American swimmer
Gaby López, Mexican professional golfer
Gabi Nance, Australian field hockey player
Erin Rafuse, Canadian sailor
Kelly Crowley, two time Paralympic swimming Gold medalist
Abby Dahlkemper, soccer player
Business, professionals
Mary Callahan Erdoes, '85, banking executive at J.P. Morgan Chase
Elizabeth Plater-Zyberk, architect and co-founder of the Congress for the New Urbanism
See also
Schools of the Sacred Heart alumni
References
External links
World Association of Alumnae and Alumni of the Sacred Heart
The Associated Alumnae/Alumni of the Sacred Heart
Network of Sacred Heart Schools - Official website
European Network of Sacred Heart Schools - Official website
Private schools
Sacred Heart |
3998771 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Former%20Ford%20Factory | Former Ford Factory | The Former Ford Factory (also Old Ford Motor Factory and Old Ford Factory depending on sources) is located along Upper Bukit Timah Road at Bukit Timah in Singapore. It is the place where British forces under Lieutenant-General Arthur Percival surrendered to Japanese forces under Lieutenant-General Yamashita Tomoyuki on 15 February 1942 after the Battle of Singapore. The Old Ford Motor Factory had since been gazetted as a National Monument in 2006, and converted into an exhibition gallery and archive named Memories at Old Ford Factory. The permanent exhibition gallery showcases life in Singapore under Japanese wartime rule, and the exhibition is one of the continuation of final battles from Pasir Panjang and at Fort Siloso.
History
The factory was established and built for the Ford Motor Company of Malaya (also known as Ford Malaya in short) in October 1941 and possessed an Art Deco-style façade, which was typical of most buildings and structures, both public and private, of that era, and became Ford's first motor-car and vehicle assembly and construction plant in the region of Southeast Asia.
However, Japanese military forces invaded Singapore shortly thereafter. During the Malayan Campaign starting from December 1941, the factory's modern and state-of-the-art assembly equipment was taken over and used by the British Royal Air Force (RAF) to assemble fighter aircraft for defending Allied air forces in the region, aside from the RAF. The fighter planes, most of which were of American origin (such as the Brewster Buffalo), came in individual break-down parts that were shipped to Singapore in large wooden crates. However, most of the aircraft constructed at the factory never fulfilled their intended purpose of defending British Malaya as well as their main stronghold of Singapore. They were all gradually flown out of Singapore towards the end of January 1942 when the prospects for Singapore's defense against the Japanese military's conquest looked bleak and grim. Many battles and skirmishes were fought between British forces and Japanese troops around the areas of the Ford Motor Factory in Bukit Panjang, Choa Chu Kang, Hillview, Bukit Batok and Bukit Timah.
The factory was subsequently captured and taken over by the Imperial Japanese Army (IJA) and used as its military headquarters for commanding all of its forces in both the recently captured Malaya as well as Singapore. Following the British military surrender of Singapore on 15 February in that same year, IJA forces relocated its headquarters from the motor plant to Raffles College along Bukit Timah Road.
During the Japanese occupation of Singapore from 1942 to 1945, the factory was designated as a butai, or a Japanese-run facility. Nissan, which was then a prominent zaibatsu, or a vertically-integrated monopoly, took over the entire plant to assemble trucks and other motor vehicles for the Japanese military based in Malaya and Singapore as well as abroad elsewhere, such as in its various occupied territories in the Asia-Pacific region.
The Ford Motor Factory became a repair depot for British military vehicles following the Japanese surrender in August 1945. Normal business operations under Ford were resumed in 1947. Between 1947 and 1980, the plant continued to produce cars and vehicles, including parts and equipment such as tires and engine components for the local as well as regional markets. The Ford Factory closed its doors permanently in June 1980, and moved its operations to Regent Motors (Ford Service Centre) at Alexandra Road. The factory was converted into a warehouse storage facility. In 1983, Hong Leong Group acquired the site and the art deco building was renamed Hong Leong Industries Building for a while before it was decommissioned again in the 1990s. The rear portion of the former Ford Factory was demolished and became a condominium known as The Hillside, which was built in 1998.
Just after the Cold War, several horror stories connected to the old factory began circulating amongst the local population, mostly centered on the periods of the end of British colonial rule over the island in February 1942 and the subsequent Japanese occupation of Singapore and its end in 1945. Such paranormal tales include the presence of ghosts of former Japanese personnel and troops once stationed at the motor plant, some of whom also committed suicide at the factory following their country's surrender at the end of WWII, and the sightings and sounds of supernatural activities at the locked-up premises, such as the supposed playing of old Japanese music and songs dating back to the 1930s and 1940s and alleged sightings of restless, perhaps sometimes even hostile and malevolent, spirits roaming around the old factory's buildings.
Plans for the conversion of the old Ford Factory into a war museum similar to the Imperial War Museum began after the 9/11 terrorist attacks. The announcement was made in December 2002, with the renovation project costing S$10 billion. After the 7 July 2005 London bombings, both the Preservation of Sites and Monuments (PSM) and the Singapore government jointly announced the preservation of the site as a National monument on the 64th anniversary of the British surrender of Singapore and its subsequent fall to Imperial Japan on 15 February 1942. The site was gazetted on 15 February 2006. During the renovation, the front facade and building were preserved to a moderate depth. While the building facade was retained to look as it was first completed in 1941, other rooms remain the same. One example is the boardroom where the surrender took place, which contains a replica of the original table, the clock set at the exact time of the surrender, and a map of Malaya during the war. There is a large modern structure at street level south of the factory building where visitors can enter and have a walk either up the hill or through the building to the factory area. The museum is also dedicated to the entire history of the Ford Factory, together with the events in World War II, including wartime crops and food rationing. It is also one of the principal markers for the Bukit Timah KTM corridor and the now-Downtown Line Stage 2, the others include Beauty World (Seventh Mile) and Bukit Panjang (Tenth Mile).
Originally named Memories at Old Ford Factory, it was closed for renovations in 2016, and was known as Syonan Gallery: War and its Legacies, which was dropped due to the public outcry for the use of the Japanese word Syonan, which was the name the Japanese used to refer to Singapore. It was renamed Surviving the Japanese Occupation: War and Its Legacies on 15 February 2017, by Minister for Communications and Information Yaacob Ibrahim.
Gallery
See also
Battle of Singapore
References
External links
Video clip on British surrender – SPI
National Archives of Singapore – Memories at Old Ford Factory (MOFF) Website
National Archives of Singapore – 1942 Battlefield Singapore
National Archives of Singapore – Reflections at Bukit Chandu (RBC) Website
National Archives of Singapore – Access to Archives Online (a2o)
National Archives of Singapore – Corporate Website
Bukit Timah
Ford factories
Industrial buildings completed in 1941
Military and war museums in Singapore
National monuments of Singapore |
5391371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20place%20names%20in%20Alsace | German place names in Alsace | Below is a list of the historic German language exonyms for towns and village in the Alsace region of France (German: Elsaß) used prior to the annexation of the region by France during the reign of King Louis XIV of France in 1681 and again from 1870 to 1918 and from 1940 to 1945, when Alsace was re-annexed to Germany. Alsatian names used since the 6th century differ.
This list includes only names that differ significantly; the list of minor spelling differences, such as Zutzendorf/Zützendorf is incomplete. Included are names where the sole difference is -weiler instead of -willer, e.g. Dettwiller (French)/Dettweiler (German).
See also
Alsace
German exonyms
List of European exonyms
Alsace
Geography of Grand Est
German |
5391377 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bijan%20and%20Manijeh | Bijan and Manijeh | Bijan and Manijeh (also Bizhan and Manizheh, Persian بيژن و منيژه - Bīžan-o Manīža) is a love story in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh. Bijan was the son of Giv, a famous Iranian knight during the reign of Kay Khosrow, the Shah of Iran, and Banu Goshasp, the heroine daughter of Rostam. Bijan falls in love with Manijeh, the daughter of Afrasiab, the king of Turan and the greatest enemy of Iran. The tale of his suffering and Manijeh’s constancy has been quoted by several others.
The tragedy of Bijan and Manijeh
People from Armenia complain to Kay Khosrow, the Shah of Iran, that wild boars are invading their fields. Bijan fights the boars, forcing them back to their lairs. The day after, Gorgin, an Iranian knight who had accompanied Bijan on the quest, describes the beautiful gardens of Afrasiab to Bijan, tempting him to cross the border from Iran into the mythical land of Turan on the northern shores of the Caspian Sea. Turan is ruled over by the evil and egotistical King Afrasiab. In the garden, he meets Manijeh, Afrasiab's beautiful daughter. They fall madly in love; however, knowing her father's reaction to accepting an Iranian prince in her private chambers, Manijeh gives Bijan a sleeping potion and smuggles him into her house. He wakes, and Manijeh and her maids keep him hidden for many days. Eventually Afrasiab learns of Bijan and captures him.
Afrasiab sentences Manijeh into exile, so that both Bijan and Manijeh are forced to live out their days in the wilderness. Bijan also sends secret messages to Rostam, the Iranian hero charged with keeping the country safe from Afrasiab. Kai Khosrow, the Shah of Iran, looks into his Crystal Cup, and sees Bijan in the forest. Instead of launching a frontal invasion to find Bijan, the hero Rostam disguises himself as a merchant and, along with a few knights, enters Turan. When Manijeh hears that a wealthy merchant from Iran has arrived in Turan, she hopes that he was sent to find Bijan. They find Bijan and escape into Iran where there is much rejoicing at Bijan return to his homeland. Furious with his own daughter's treason, Afrasiab declares war on Iran. The Iranian and Turanian armies meet and a mighty battle ensues. The skies turn dark from the dust of the battlefield while trumpets and clashing cymbals signify the attack of the Iranian cavalry. Turan is defeated, and Afrasiab is forced to return home without his daughter and in shame.
Family tree
References
Sources
Ferdowsi Shahnameh. From the Moscow version. Mohammed Publishing.
Bijan and Manijeh, by Hakim Abol-Qasem Ferdowsi Tousi, translated into English by Helen Zimmern (Iran Chamber Society).
A king's book of kings: the Shah-nameh of Shah Tahmasp, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Bijan and Manijeh
External links
Shahnameh characters
Shahnameh stories
Persian mythology
Persian poems
Narrative poems |
5391383 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrado%20Barazzutti | Corrado Barazzutti | Corrado Barazzutti (born 19 February 1953, in Udine) is a former tennis player from Italy. His career-high singles ranking was World No. 7, achieved in August 1978.
After his player career Barazzutti was non-playing captain of the Italy Davis Cup team and the Italy Fed Cup team. Since he has been captain, the Italian Fed Cup team have won the Fed Cup (now known as Billie Jean King Cup) four times: 2006, 2009, 2010 and 2013.
Career
As player
Barazzutti gained fame in 1971 by winning the Orange Bowl and the French Open Boys' Singles, and he turned professional in the same year. He had been called to the Italy Davis Cup team the previous year, an event which he played a total of 44 matches. In 1976, Barazzutti was a member of the Italian Davis Cup team who won the Davis Cup in Chile.
In Grand Slam tournaments, his best results are the semifinals in 1977 at the US Open and in 1978 at the French Open; he was beaten in straight sets by Jimmy Connors and Björn Borg respectively. Barazzutti won five career ATP tournaments.
Singles finals (5 titles, 8 runners-up)
As coach
In 2002 Barazzutti was appointed coach and, until 2017, non-player captain of the Fed Cup women's team. Under Barazzutti's guidance, the team has won the Fed Cup four times (2006, 2009, 2010, 2013). Until 2020 Barazzutti coached the men's Davis Cup too. In 2020 he coached for a brief period of time Italian tennis player Fabio Fognini.
See also
Tennis in Italy
References
External links
Officina del Tennis by Corrado Barazzutti
1953 births
Living people
French Open junior champions
Italian male tennis players
Sportspeople from Udine
Grand Slam (tennis) champions in boys' singles
Italian tennis coaches |
5391399 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monoon%20longifolium | Monoon longifolium | Monoon longifolium, the false ashoka, also commonly known by its synonym Polyalthia longifolia, is an Asian small tree species in the family Annonaceae. It is native to southern India and Sri Lanka, but has been widely introduced elsewhere in tropical Asia. This evergreen tree is known to grow over 20 m. in height and is commonly planted due to its effectiveness in alleviating noise pollution. It exhibits symmetrical pyramidal growth with willowy weeping pendulous branches and long narrow lanceolate leaves with undulate margins.
Monoon longifolium is sometimes incorrectly identified as the ashoka tree (Saraca indica) because of the close resemblance of both trees. It can appear to have no branches, but in fact a M. longifolium allowed to grow naturally (without trimming the branches out for decorative reasons) grows into a normal large tree giving plenty of shade.
Common names
Common names include false ashoka, the Buddha tree, Indian mast tree, and Indian fir tree. Its names in other languages include Ashoka in Sanskrit, Unboi (উনবৈ) or Debadaru (দেৱদাৰু) in Assamese, Debdaru in Bengali and Hindi, Asopalav (Gujarati), Glodogan tiang (Indonesian), Ashok in Marathi and Nettilinkam நெட்டிலிங்கம் in Tamil, and araNamaram: അരണമരം (Malayalam).
In British India
The False ashoka was cultivated and gained popularity in British India for nostalgic reasons because it resembled the tall, harrow Italian cypress; it also was used for ships' masts. It does not require pruning in order to maintain its tall, straight, main trunk with short, drooping branches.
Distribution
Found natively in India and Sri Lanka. It is introduced in gardens in many tropical countries around the world. It is, for example, widely used in parts of Jakarta in Indonesia and the Caribbean islands of Trinidad and Tobago.
Leaves
Emerging leaves have a coppery brown pigmentation; as the leaves grow older, the color becomes a light green and, finally, a dark green. The leaves are lanceolate and have wavy edges. The leaves are larval food plant of the tailed jay and the kite swallowtail butterflies.
Flowering
In spring, the tree is covered with delicate star-like pale green flowers. The flowering period lasts for a short period, usually two to three weeks.
Fruit is borne in clusters of 10–20, initially green but turning purple or black when ripe. These are eaten by birds such as the Asian koel, Eudynamys scolopaceus, and fruit bats, including flying foxes.
Uses
The leaves are used for ornamental decoration during festivals. The tree is a focal point in gardens throughout India. The tree can be pruned into various shapes and maintained in required sizes. Once,, the flexible, straight and light-weight trunks were used in the making of masts for sailing ships. Thus, the tree is also known as the Mast Tree. Today, its wood is mostly used for manufacturing small articles such as pencils, boxes, matchsticks, etc. The oil of the seed has been confirmed to possess anti-oxidant, anti-lipooxygenase and antimicrobial (against various microbe strains) activities, among others. Bankole et al 2016 find M. longifolium does control chloroquine resistant strains of Plasmodium berghei ANKA in mouse to some degree but is not an effective treatment.
Methanolic extracts of Monoon longifolium have yielded 20 known and two new organic compounds, some of which show cytotoxic properties.
The fatty acid composition of the seed has also been reported
References
Flora of India (region)
longifolium |
5391405 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20M.%20Doty | Paul M. Doty | Paul Mead Doty (June 1, 1920 – December 5, 2011) was Mallinckrodt Professor of Biochemistry at Harvard University, specializing in the physical properties of macromolecules and strongly involved in peace and security policy issues.
Biography
Doty was born in Charleston, West Virginia. He graduated from Penn State University in 1941 and took his doctorate from Columbia University under Joseph Edward Mayer. From 1943-45, he was at the Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn. He joined the chemistry department Harvard University in 1948 and became a member of the National Academy of Sciences in 1957. In 1954, he helped to recruit James Watson to the Harvard Biolabs, the home of the Biology Department, as an assistant professor.
In 1960, while working in Doty's lab, Julius Marmur discovered the reversible hybridization of DNA. Doty later helped to found the Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and became its first chairman in 1968. His scientific work involved the characterization of biopolymers such as DNA, proteins and collagen by optical methods such as circular dichroism and light scattering. In his 42 years at Harvard, he supervised the research of 44 students, 10 of whom have been elected to the National Academy of Sciences.
As a graduate student, he worked on the Manhattan project, which led to his lifelong involvement in activities aiming to avert nuclear war. He was a special assistant to the president for national security and member of the President's Science and Arms Control Advisory Committees and in 1973 was a founder and director emeritus of the Belfer Center for Science and International Affairs at Harvard.
He was a member of the board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. He was involved for many years in the Pugwash Conferences. After retirement he continued to work on Russian-American scientific relations and was board member of George Soros' International Science Foundation that provided support to Russian scientists in the 1990s.
Awards
1956 ACS Award in Pure Chemistry
References
External links
Paul Doty biodata, Harvard Kennedy School's Belfer Center website
1920 births
2011 deaths
Polymer scientists and engineers
Members of the United States National Academy of Sciences
American physical chemists
Pennsylvania State University alumni
Columbia University alumni
Harvard University faculty
American anti–nuclear weapons activists
Educators from Charleston, West Virginia
Scientists from West Virginia
Polytechnic Institute of New York University faculty |
5391410 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neboj%C5%A1a%20Bradi%C4%87 | Nebojša Bradić | Nebojša Bradić (, born 1956) is a Serbian theater director. He served as the Minister of Culture in the Government of Serbia from 2008 to 2011.
Biography
Bradić was born in Trstenik, Serbia. He graduated from the Faculty of Dramatic Arts in Belgrade with a degree in radio and theater.
From 1981 to 1996, he worked as the manager of the Kruševac Theater.
He was the head of Atelier 212 from 1996 to 1997, and then became the manager of the National Theater.
He was director and general director of Belgrade Drama Theatre from 2000 to 2008. Bradić taught acting at the Belgrade Academy of Fine Arts.
He was Minister of Culture of Serbia from 2008to 2011.
Bradić has been the Editor-in Chief of Arts and Culture Program for the Serbian Broadcasting Corporation (2015-2019).
He has directed more than 70 plays in domestic, Bosnian and Greek theaters.
He is an author of many articles on theatre and culture politics.
Awards
He is the recipient of important Serbian theatre awards. He was the first winner of the Nikola Peca Petrovic Award for the best Yugoslav theatre manager. He won nine awards as director at the Joakim Vujic Theatre Festival. He won nine award for the best directing at the first
JoakimInterFest in Kragujevac 2006. He received the Sterija Award for best modern theatre adaptation, dramatisation and directing, Award of the Knjaževsko-srpski teatar, The Ring with figure of Joakim Vujić 2008.
References
External links
Serbian theatre directors
People from Trstenik, Serbia
1956 births
Living people
G17 Plus politicians
Government ministers of Serbia |
3998773 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 2005 French Open – Women's singles | Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated Mary Pierce in the final, 6–1, 6–1 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2005 French Open. It was her second French Open title, and her first of three consecutive French Open titles. Henin became the second woman in the Open Era to win the title after saving a match point, doing so in the fourth round against Svetlana Kuznetsova (the first to do so being Anastasia Myskina the previous year, against the same opponent in the same round).
Anastasia Myskina was the defending champion, but lost in the first round to María Sánchez Lorenzo. Myskina became the first French Open champion to lose in the first round of her title defense, and the only one to do so until Jeļena Ostapenko in 2018.
This was the first French Open in which future champion Ana Ivanovic competed in the main draw. In just her second major main draw appearance, she reached the quarterfinals, losing to Nadia Petrova.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Championship match statistics
References
External links
WTA Draw
2005 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
2005 in women's tennis
2005 in French women's sport |
3998793 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2022%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 22 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 21 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 23
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 7 (March 6 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 22nd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 9.
Saints
Saint Abilius (Avilius), Bishop of Alexandria (98)
Saint Telesphorus, Pope of Rome (136)
Saint Papias, Bishop of Hierapolis (2nd century)
Martyr Synesius (Synetus), by the sword.
Martyrs Maurice, his son Photinus, Theodore, Philip, and 70 soldiers, at Apamea in Syria (286-305) (see also: December 27)
Martyrs Anthusa and her 12 servants, by the sword.
Saint Titus of Bostra, Bishop of Bostra in Arabia (378)
Saint Ariston the Wonderworker, Bishop of Arsinoe, Cyprus (Famagusta) (c. late 4th - early 5th centuries)
Venerable Baradates, hermit near Antioch (469)
Venerable Saints Thalassius and Limneus hermits near Cyrrhus (5th century)
Holy Nine Children of Kola, Georgia (6th century):
Guram, Adarnasе, Baqar, Vache, Bardzim, Dachi, Dzhuansher, Ramaz, and Parsman.
Saint Leontius of Lycia (6th century)
Saints Babylus and his wife Comnita, of Nicosa (7th century)
Venerable Athanasius the Confessor of Constantinople (821)
Saint Peter the Stylite of Mount Athos.
Saint Blaise, Bishop.
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Paschasius, eleventh Bishop of Vienne in France (c. 312)
Saint Maximianus of Ravenna, Bishop of Ravenna (c. 556) (see also: February 21)
Saint Elwin (Elwen), missionary, a holy man who accompanied St Breaca from Ireland to Cornwall (6th century)
Saint John the Saxon, born in Saxony in Germany, he restored monasticism in England after the Danish attacks, Abbot of Athelney (895)
Saint Raynerius (Raynier), a monk at Beaulieu near Limoges, France (c. 967)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Saint Herman, founder of Stolobny Monastery, Novgorod (1614)
New martyrs and confessors
New Hieromartyr Michael Lisitsyn, priest, of Ust-Labinskaya (1918)
New Hieromartyrs Joseph Smirnov, Protopresbyter, and Vladimir Ilinsky, Priest (1918)
New Hieromartyrs John Kastorsky, Deacon, and John Perebaskin, of Kostroma-Galich (1918)
New Martyr Blessed Theoktista Mikhailovna, Fool-for-Christ, of Voronezh (1936)
New Hieromartyrs Michael Gorbunov, John Orlov, Victor Morigerovsky, John Parushnikov, Sergius Belokurov, Andrew Yasenev, and Paul Smirnov, Priests (1938)
New Hieromartyrs Sergius Bukashkin and Antipas Kirillov, Hieromonks (1938)
Virgin-martyrs Elizabeth Timokhin, Irene Smirnov, and Barbara Losev (1938)
Virgin-martyr Parasceva Makarov (1938)
Martyrs Stephen Frantov and Nicholas Nekrasov (1938)
Martyrs Leonid Salkov and Peter Antonov, of Alma-Ata (1938)
Martyr Andrew Gnevishev of Tver (1941)
New Hieromartyr Philaret (Pryakhin), Abbot, of Trubino, Tver (1942)
Other commemorations
Uncovering of the relics (607-610) of the Holy Apostles Andronicus and Junia (1st century) and the Holy Martyrs, at the Gate of Eugenius at Constantinople.
Repose of Righteous Gregory (“Golden Grits”) Miroshnikov of Sednev (1855)
Repose of Schemanun Avramia of Kashin (1855)
Repose of Blessed Theoktista Mikhailovna, Fool-for-Christ, of Voronezh (1936)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 22 / March 7. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
March 7 / February 22. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 22. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas. St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 17.
The Twenty-Second Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
February 22. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. p. 55.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 81.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 22 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
Συναξαριστής. 22 Φεβρουαρίου. Ecclesia.gr. (H Εκκλησια τησ Ελλαδοσ).
Russian Sources
7 марта (22 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
22 февраля (ст.ст.) 7 марта 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
3998809 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica%20B%C3%AErl%C4%83deanu | Monica Bîrlădeanu | Monica Elena Bîrlădeanu ( (born December 12, 1978), professionally known as Monica Dean, is a Romanian actress and model.
Career
Born in Iași, she studied law at the University of Iași. Bîrlădeanu was a popular television host before accepting her first film role in 2004. In 2005, she played a nurse in the award-winning feature The Death of Mr. Lăzărescu. In 2006, she guest starred in the hit United States television show Lost in the episode "The Hunting Party", as Gabriela, a wealthy Italian woman. In 2005, she starred in the horror movie Incubus.
In November 2002, Bîrlădeanu was designated the most beautiful Romanian celebrity by Beau Monde, and in December she was chosen "The Sexiest TV Star" by TV Mania, one of the most influential Romanian TV guides. Her show went on, and so did the series of awards she got. In February 2003, the VIVA magazine designated her "The most Beautiful Romanian Woman" and in July FHM "crowned" her as "Sexiest Woman". In December, she was, once again, awarded by TV Mania as "The Sexiest TV Celebrity".
In the meantime, she hosted Extravacanzza. 2004 began with a new challenge: the "Viața in Direct" (Life Live) show.
In February 2004 Viva designated her again as the "Sexiest Celebrity" and in December 2004 she was once more named TV Manias "Sexiest TV Star". In 2004 she went to Los Angeles to take acting classes and improve her TV hosting skills. Her career took a new turn: she started doing movies.
In 2004, she played a teenager in the comedy Buds for Life, and by year's end she received a role in her first Romanian movie, The Death of Mr. Lazarescu. The film has so far obtained more than 30 awards, including "Un certain regard" at the 2005 Cannes Film Festival and a Silver Hugo in Chicago. It was nominated for Best Foreign Film at the 2005 Independent Spirit Awards.
Filmography
Closer to the Moon (2014) .... Sonia Rosenthal
Despre oameni și melci (2012) ....
Diaz (2012) ....
Out of the Night (2011) .... Lia
Maternity Blues (2011) .... Eloisa
Vallanzasca – Gli angeli del male (2010) .... Nicoletta
Francesca (2009) .... Francesca
Living & Dying (2007) .... Det. Lascar
Fall Down Dead (2007) .... Helen Ritter
Second in Command (2006) .... Dr. Johnson
Incubus (2006) .... Karen
Caved In (2006) TV movie .... Sophie
The Death of Mr. Lazarescu (2005) .... Mariana
Buds for Life (2004) .... Stephanie
Television
Vlad (2019).... Carla
Nip/Tuck (2006) .... Attractive Organ Thief - 1 episode - "Shari Noble"
Lost (2006) .... Gabriela - 1 episode - "The Hunting Party"
Lombarzilor 8 (2006) .... Ana
CSI (2014) .... Mystery Woman/Emily Grey - 1 episode - "Boston Brakes"
Video
Maica Domnului de la parter (2010) .... Doctor
Stopover (2010) .... Ingrid
External links
Romanian television personalities
Romanian female models
Alexandru Ioan Cuza University alumni
Actors from Iași
1978 births
Living people
21st-century Romanian actresses |
3998822 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain%20theory%20%28sociology%29 | Strain theory (sociology) | In sociology and criminology, strain theory states that social structures within society may pressure citizens to commit crime. Following on the work of Émile Durkheim, strain theories have been advanced by Robert King Merton (1938), Albert K. Cohen (1955), Richard Cloward, Lloyd Ohlin (1960), Neil Smelser (1963), Robert Agnew (1992), Steven Messner, Richard Rosenfeld (1994) and Jie Zhang (2012).
Strain theory
Strain theory is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1938 by Robert K. Merton. The theory states that society puts pressure on individuals to achieve socially accepted goals (such as the American dream), though they lack the means. This leads to strain which may lead individuals to commit crimes, like selling drugs or becoming involved in prostitution as a means to gain financial security.
Strain could be:
Structural: this refers to the processes at the societal level which filter down and affect how the individual perceives his or her needs, i.e. if particular social structures are inherently inadequate or there is inadequate regulation, this may change the individual's perceptions as to means and opportunities; or
Individual: this refers to the frictions and pains experienced by an individual as he or she looks for ways to satisfy his or her needs, i.e. if the goals of a society become significant to an individual, actually achieving them may become more important than the means adopted.
Merton's theory
Robert King Merton was an American sociologist who argued that society can encourage deviance to a large degree. Merton believed that socially accepted goals put pressure on people to conform. His theory was developed largely due to the social and economic circumstances occurring in the United States during the early 1900s. Robert Merton's Strain Theory stems from a fundamental question that he posed on why the rates of deviance were so different among different societies. He thought that there could be deviance where there is a difference between what defines success and the proper means to achieve said goals. He found that the United States is a prime example of high levels of deviance because of the high social value of achieving success, primarily monetary, but there are contradictions to the means for acquiring such success. Employees who have a college education are respected but the robber barons who stole for their money were also admired, which demonstrates that success is viewed as more important than the actual means to achieve success.
In addition, he saw how minority groups had a harder time acquiring a good education, and if they could, they had a harder time acquiring a respectable living; yet the same high standard for success is enforced on everyone regardless if they had the means to satisfy such standards. These contradictions led him to develop the strain theory because of society’s high reverence towards achieving “success.” Individuals are forced to work within the system or become members of deviant subcultures in order to achieve socially prescribed goals. Merton's belief became the theory known as Strain Theory. Merton added that when individuals are faced with a gap between their goals (usually monetary) and their current status, strain occurs. When individuals are faced with strain, Merton outlined five different ways that they respond:
Conformity: pursuing cultural goals through socially approved means. Most common. ("Hopeful poor")
Innovation: Accepting society's goals but designing their own means for achieving them. Often using socially unapproved or unconventional means to obtain culturally approved goals. Example: dealing drugs or stealing to achieve financial security. ("Surviving poor")
Ritualism: using the same socially approved means to achieve less elusive goals (more modest and humble). ("Passive poor")
Retreatism: to reject both the cultural goals and the means to obtain it, then find a way to escape it. ("Retreating poor")
Rebellion: to reject cultural goals and the prescribed means to achieve them, then work towards replacing both of them. ("Resisting poor")
British Sociologist and Criminologist Jock Young drew on Merton's theory in his book The Exclusive Society: Social Exclusion, Crime and Difference in Late Modernity in 1999. Analysing crime from both a cultural and structural point of view, he argued in the structural sense that the dismantling of the welfare state in conjunction with the widening disparities between the rich and poor has served to further exclude disadvantaged groups. Because contemporary consumer capitalism places a greater than ever emphasis on conspicuous consumption and material success, this thus intensified feelings of deprivation experienced by the less successful
Derived theories
General strain theory
General strain theory (GST) is a sociology and criminology theory developed in 1992 by Robert Agnew. Agnew believed that Merton's theory was too vague in nature and did not account for criminal activity which did not involve financial gain. The core idea of general strain theory is that people who experience strain or stress become distressed or upset which may lead them to commit crime in order to cope. One of the key principles of this theory is emotion as the motivator for crime. The theory was developed to conceptualize the full range of sources in society where strain possibly comes from, which Merton's strain theory does not. The theory also focuses on the perspective of goals for status, expectations and class rather than focusing on money (as Merton's theory does). Examples of General Strain Theory are people who use illegal drugs to make themselves feel better, or a student assaulting his peers to end the harassment they caused.
GST introduces 3 main sources of strain such as:
Loss of positive stimuli (death of family or friend)
Presentation of negative stimuli (physical and verbal assaults)
The inability to reach a desired goal.
Institutional anomie theory
Institutional anomie theory (IAT) is a criminology theory developed in 1994 in by Steven Messner and Richard Rosenfeld. The theory proposes that an institutional arrangement with a market, where the market/economy is allowed to operate/dominate without restraints from other social intuitions like family will likely cause criminal behavior. Derived from Merton's Strain Theory, IAT expands on the macro levels of the theory. IAT's focus centers on the criminal influences of varied social institutions, rather than just the economic structure.
Illegitimate opportunities theory
Illegitimate opportunities is a sociology theory developed in 1960 by Richard Cloward and Lloyd Ohlin. The theory states that crimes result from a high number of illegitimate opportunities and not from a lack of legitimate ones. The theory was created from Merton's strain theory to help address juvenile delinquency.
Role strain theory
The theory of "role strain", developed by sociologist William J. Goode in 1960, states that social institutions are supported and operated by role relationships. Due to these role relationships that individuals may feel "role strain", or difficulty fulfilling their sociological duties in the relationship. It is through this "role strain" that social action and social structure are maintained. With these relationships, come social obligations that members of that society are required to follow, which people are usually not forced to fulfill. In order for the society to continue existing, these obligations must be fulfilled at the volition of the individuals in it, which the theory states is what most people are inclined to do. Due to the fact that there is no force involved in maintaining these role relationships, there will be individuals who can not, or will not, conform to these societal expectations.
In addition, the individuals within the society are not bound to one role relationship. In fact, all individuals will be part of multiple role relationships. Possession of multiple relationships can account for the conflicts of interest often faced in social settings. According to Goode, however, due to these multiple relationships, an individual will almost always have a total amount of role obligations that demand more than what the individual can give, whether it is in terms of time, emotional favor, or material resources. This can give rise to "role strain", which can lead the individual to attempting to fulfill socially acceptable goals in means that may not be socially acceptable (as explained in general strain theory).
While the theory of role strain attempts to attribute the maintenance of society to role relationships, Goode also acknowledges that the theory does not account for the existence of more complex social settings, such as that of urban society. The theory of role strain does not account for several aspects of urban life, such as the fact that some individuals accept absolutely none of the society's central values, the fact that individuals vary in their emotional commitment to these societal values, how these role relationships change when individuals go through a change in social position, or how these relationships hold up during times of crisis.
Other strain theorists
Robert Agnew
In the year 1992, Robert Agnew asserted that strain theory could be central in explaining crime and deviance, but that it needed revision so that it was not tied to social class or cultural variables, but re-focused on norms. To this end, Agnew proposed a general strain theory that is neither structural nor interpersonal but rather individual and emotional, paying special attention to an individual's immediate social environment. He argued that an individual's actual or anticipated failure to achieve positively valued goals, actual or anticipated removal of positively valued stimuli, and actual or anticipated presentation of negative stimuli all result in strain.
Anger and frustration confirm negative relationships. The resulting behavior patterns will often be characterized by more than their share of unilateral action because an individual will have a natural desire to avoid unpleasant rejections, and these unilateral actions (especially when antisocial) will further contribute to an individual's alienation from society. If particular rejections are generalized into feelings that the environment is unsupportive, more strongly negative emotions may motivate the individual to engage in crime. This is most likely to be true for younger individuals, and Agnew suggested that research focus on the magnitude, recency, duration, and clustering of such strain-related events to determine whether a person copes with strain in a criminal or conforming manner. Temperament, intelligence, interpersonal skills, self-efficacy, the presence of conventional social support, and the absence of association with antisocial (e.g., criminally inclined) age and status peers are chief among the factors Agnew identified as beneficial.
Jie Zhang and the Strain Theory of Suicide
In recent years, Zhang and colleagues have argued that socio-psychological strain factors were more indicative than mental disorders in suicide ideation and risk. Zhang suggests that these mental strains, manifesting as an intense internal frustration and psychological suffering, develop from competing pressures in an individual's life, and identified four sources that precede suicide in a study on suicides in rural China: 1) value strain from differential values, 2) aspirational strain from the discrepancy between reality and aspiration, 3) deprivation strain from relative deprivation, including poverty, and 4) coping strain from not being able to cope in the face of crisis. The theory's particular strength is that, unlike many other theories on suicide, and strain, it does not restrict itself to one domain of possible risk factors; such as the social, psychiatric, or psychological.
This strain theory of suicide developed from Durkheim's notion of anomie, and the work of Merton and Agnew on strain theory. Although mental illness on its own is not a definite risk factor for suicide to be considered a cause, their research suggests when it goes along with these strains, the risk is exponentially higher. On the other hand, the relationship between suicide and strain may also be moderated by social regulation, -integration, and psychological factors such as personality. Durkheim's anomie contributes to strain risk, so the strain theory on suicide agrees with the suggestion that a person well integrated into a social institution (family, religion, employment, school) may be at lower risk of suicide, even if confronted with a major strain, whereas a person without such integration might be more negatively affected.
The Four Sources of Strain for Suicide
A strain is made up of at least two pressures or variables, similar to the formation of cognitive dissonance. Zhang proposes four types of strain that precede a suicide, each deriving from a particular source. These are:
Differential Values
'Value strain' is the result of two social values or beliefs that conflict and compete in a person’s daily life and internalised value system. The more equally important the two conflicting values, the greater the strain. An example Zhang gives is a second-generation immigrant in the US who must abide by the ethnic rules of their family while also adapting to American culture at school and with peers. Another example can be found in developing countries where the values of traditional collectivism compete with modern individualism.
Reality vs Aspiration
'Aspirational strain' is the result of a discrepancy between an individual’s aspirations or goals, and the reality of their daily life that prevents them from achieving their aspirations. An example would be a young adult moving to a large city, expecting to become successful and life an affluent lifestyle, only to find that the means to achieve this might not be equally available due to their social status. The misleading notion of ‘work hard, play hard’ may also cause aspirational strain, as a person might work two jobs but still won’t be able to afford a comfortable lifestyle. The larger the discrepancy between aspiration and reality, the greater the strain.
Relative Deprivation
The notion of ‘if everyone is poor no one is’ might explain why in cases where a person of low socioeconomic standing is surrounded by those of similar standing, the strain is not as great (although the stress may very well be present). This contrasts with cases where the individual sees that those around them are much better off, causing them to feel deprived and miserable, resulting in deprivation strain. This type of strain is more common in economically polarized societies where the rich and poor live geographically close to one another, although social media has also done much to create a sense of relative deprivation, especially amongst the youth.
Deficient Coping
'Coping strain' occurs when, in times of crisis, a person is not able to sufficiently cope, most commonly due to deficient or inappropriate coping methods. The crisis might be a daily occurrence or a major event, and although many might cope effectively and not experience strain, there are those who cannot manage the strain. Psychological wellbeing may come into play here, as conditions like anxiety or depression may lower (or speak towards) a person’s difficulty coping. Examples include the loss of a loved one, sudden financial loss, bullying, and being fired. Being inexperienced in dealing with crises might increase the strain, which could be linked to the rates of suicide amongst teens and young adults.
Criticism
Strain theory has received several criticisms, such as:
Strain theory best applies only to the lower class as they struggle with limited resources to obtain their goals.
Strain theory fails to explain white collar crime, the perpetrator of whom have many opportunities to achieve through legal and legitimate means.
Strain theory fails to explain crimes based in gender inequality.
Merton deals with individuals forms of responses instead of group activity which crime involves.
Merton's theory is not very critical of the social structure that he says generate the strains.
Strain theory neglects the inter- and intra-personal aspect of crime.
Strain theory has weak empirical evidence supporting it.
Studies
Strain theory was tested following its development. Most of these test examined ideal goals such as occupational goals and individual expectations, which would most ideally lead to crimes if not achieved under rule of strain theory. However, most of the research found that this was not the case. An example of these studies was a study done by Travis Hirschi in the 1969. He analyzes a large body of data on delinquency collected in Western Contra Costa County, California that contrast with strain theory.
In addition to the study done by Hirschi, strain theory was explored in a 2001 study conducted by Jason D. Boardman (and others). The study explored how societal strain and stress can lead to drug use by individuals, in particular how one's neighborhood environment can affect their susceptibility to drug abuse. This study specifically centered around troubled neighborhoods in Detroit, and the results were based on census data taken of these neighborhoods, mainly because this data contained information on each individual resident's use of drugs. From this data, the study found that the more disadvantaged a neighborhood is, the more its residents abuse drugs. The study credited this positive trend to higher levels of stress and fewer available resources. According to strain theory, this lack of resources may compel an individual to abuse drugs to attain the positively valued goal of happiness by using the means that are currently available, which in the case of rough neighborhoods, were drugs.
See also
Illegitimate opportunity
References
Sources and further reading
O'Grady W. (2011). "Crime in Canadian Context." Strain/anomie theory 92-94
Agnew, R. (1997). "The Nature and Determinants of Strain: Another Look at Durkheim and Merton." pp. 27–51 in The Future of Anomie Theory, edited by R. Agnew and N. Passastrain Theory." Advances in Criminological Theory: The Origins of American Criminology, Volume 16, edited by F.T. Cullen, F. Adler, C.L. Johnson, and A.J. Meyer. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Akers, R. (2000). Criminological Theories: Introduction, Evaluation, and Application. Los Angeles: Roxbury.
Cloward, R. & Ohlin, L. (1960). Delinquency and Opportunity. NY: Free Press.
Cohen, A. (1955). Delinquent Boys. NY: Free Press.
Durkheim, E. (1897/1997). Suicide. NY: Free Press.
Featherstone, R. & Deflem, M. (2003). "Anomie and Strain: Context and Consequences of Merton's Two Theories." Sociological Inquiry 73(4):471-489.
Hirschi, T. (1969). Causes of Delinquency. Berkeley: University of California Press.
Marwah, Sanjay, and Mathieu Deflem. 2006. ”Revisiting Merton: Continuities in the Theory of Anomie-and-Opportunity-Structures." pp. 57–76 in Sociological Theory and Criminological Research: Views from Europe and the United States, ed. M. Deflem. Amsterdam: Elsevier/JAI Press.
Messner, S & Rosenfeld, R. (1994). Crime and the American Dream. Belmont: Wadsworth.
Polk, K., & Schafer, W. (eds.). (1972). Schools and Delinquency. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Agnew, Robert. 2006. "General Strain Theory: Current Status and Directions for Further Research." pp. 101–123 in Taking Stock: The Status of Criminological Theory-Advances in Criminological Theory, edited by F. T. Cullen, J. P. Wright, and K. Blevins. New Brunswick, NJ: Transaction.
Durkheim, Emile. 1951. Suicide: A Study in Sociology. New York: Free Press (Original work published in 1897).
IOM, (Institute of Medicine). 2002. Reducing suicide: An American imperative. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press.
Merton, R.K. 1957. Social Theory and Social Structure, rev. ed. New York: Free Press.
NIMH. 2003. Research on Reduction and Prevention of Suicidality: National Institute of Mental Health.
Spitzer, R.L., J.B.W. Williams, M. Gibbon, and A.B. First. 1988. Instruction Manual for the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-III-R (SCID, 6/1/88 Revision). New York: Biometrics Research Department, New York State Psychiatric Institute.
Zhang, Jie and Shenghua Jin. 1998. "Interpersonal relations and suicide ideation in China." Genetic, Social, and General Psychology Monographs 124:79-94.
Zhang, Jie. 2000. "Gender differences in athletic performance and their implications in gender ratios of suicide: A comparison between the USA and China." Omega: Journal of Death and Dying 41:117-123.
External links
Deflem, Mathieu. 2018. Anomie, Strain, and Opportunity Structure: Robert K. Merton's Paradigm of Deviant Behavior. pp. 140–155 in The Handbook of the History and Philosophy of Criminology, edited by Ruth A. Triplett. Malden, MA: Wiley-Blackwell.
Merton and the Strain Theory
Zhang, J., Wieczorek, W.F., Conwell, Y. Tu, X.M. 2012, Psychological Strains and Youth Suicide in Rural China. Social Science & Medicine. 2012 Jun; 72(12): 2003–2010. .
Criminology
Structuralism
Crime
Sociological theories |
5391412 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Australian%20Rugby%20Championship | Australian Rugby Championship | The Australian Rugby Championship, often abbreviated to the ARC and also known as the Mazda Australian Rugby Championship for sponsorship purposes, is a now-defunct domestic professional men's rugby union football competition in Australia, which ran for only one season in 2007. It was the predecessor to the current National Rugby Championship. The competition, similar to New Zealand's ITM Cup and South Africa's Currie Cup, aimed to bridge the gap between existing club rugby and the international Super Rugby competition then known as Super 14. The ARC involved eight teams: three from New South Wales, two from Queensland, and one each from the Australian Capital Territory, Victoria and Western Australia.
From its inception the ARC divided many in Australian rugby, with arguments over the structure and format of the competition and concerns that the creation of arbitrary state-based teams undermined the strong club competitions in Sydney and Brisbane. On 18 December 2007, the Australian Rugby Union (ARU) announced that the ARC would be scrapped due to financial losses of A$4.7 million (US$4.0 million, € 2.8 million, £2.0 million).
On 10 December 2013, Bill Pulver, the CEO of the Australian Rugby Union announced a new competition along similar lines, the National Rugby Championship, to include 8 to 10 teams in "major population centres".
History
The official announcement on the agreement of a national rugby competition in Australia was made in mid-2006, following a 70-person three-day summit in Sydney that agreed to an eight team competition. However, the competition was not without its share of controversy, with some of the clubs being against the forming of a new level of competition, claiming it could harm club and grass roots rugby. In September an ARU board meeting gave the competition an official green light. A month later the competition kicked off for its inaugural year, the Queensland teams performed poorly as the East Coast Aces & Ballymore Tornadoes finished last & second last respectively. The Perth Spirit performed the best out of the regular rounds winning 6 out of 8 games although due to bonus points finished third on the ladder behind Central Coast Rays & the competitions first minor-premiers the Western Sydney Rams. After the top four teams took part in the semi-finals the Melbourne Rebels and Central Coast Rays would compete in the first ever ARC Grand Final. The Rays took out the competition defeating the Melbourne side 20–12.
A review of the tournament was undertaken following the 2007 season. This review found that the competition had run at more than $2 million over budget and that forecast losses for the 2008 season came to a further $3.3 million. The ARU said that the cumulative loss of $8 million over two years would be fiscally irresponsible.
Format
Competition
The competition ran for eight weeks, with finals being competed over an additional two weeks - each side played eight games, with the top four teams qualifying for the semi-finals where the winners move into the final. The competition kicked off in August, after the Super 14 and the March to July club competitions finished, and avoiding a clash with Australian under-19 and under-21 duties and the Pacific Nations Cup (in which Australia A played). In total, 35 matches were played in the ARC over 10 weeks from 11 August and 14 October, with games played on Fridays and Sundays. It was originally planned that games would not be played at 'traditional' times for rugby matches, but this decision was changed when the ABC insisted that its televised games be played on Saturday and Sunday afternoons. The inaugural final was played between the Central Coast Rays and the Melbourne Rebels in Gosford.
Players
The timeframe of the season ensured the availability of Super 14 players (excluding Wallabies). There was no draft, and players were free to choose their team, although there was a salary cap in place. Players came from local competitions (which includes Super 14 players). Each Super 14 franchise was aligned with the respective teams, except for Melbourne, as Victoria had no Super rugby team at the time.
It was planned that although 35 footballers will be on international duty for the Wallabies, over 90 Super 14 players would go into the ARC, leaving the way for over 120 footballers to step up from first grade club competitions.
It was also planned that each team would have one "marquee" footballer not be subject to financial restrictions of the player contracting protocol. The player could be either foreign or a non-contracted domestic footballer, and if a team signed an Australian as their marquee footballer, they would still be able to sign up a foreign footballer, though they would have to fit within the contract restrictions.
Rules
The ARU announced in June 2007 that the inaugural championship would adopt the Experimental Law Variations (ELVs), which were initially trialled at South Africa's Stellenbosch University and which aim to bring more free-flowing play into the game. The laws were implemented in both the Sydney and Brisbane club competitions and were well received.
Referees
The referees supplied for the tournament predominantly come from the Australian Rugby Union Panels.
Referees for the tournament included: Matt Goddard, James Leckie, James Scholtens, George Ayoub, Daniel Cheever, Brett Bowden, Andrew Lindsay and Geoff Acton.
Stuart Dickinson and Paul Marks did not referee in the tournament, as they refereed at the 2007 Rugby World Cup in France.
Media coverage
The championship was broadcast on free to air television during its only season. The Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) "secured" the rights to exclusively televise the competition from 2007 through to 2009 by agreeing to accept a substantial fee from the ARU in order to cover the matches. The fact that the sport's governing organisation had to pay a television station to broadcast the game arguably has worrying implications for a code struggling to attract mainstream interest in Australia. The ABC committed to broadcast 19 matches during the season on ABC1 and ABC2: two matches from each round, plus the semi-finals and the final. The previous time that the ABC covered elite level rugby was for the 1991 Rugby World Cup (which Australia also won).
Regular season 2007
The eight teams played four home games and four away games each during the preliminary competition rounds, consisting of a single round-robin with each team playing each other once plus an additional return match for the "derby" fixture played in the first round (these fixtures were matches between the closest neighbouring teams in most cases). The top four teams at the end of the preliminary competition rounds qualified for the title play-offs with semi-finals and finals.
Standings
Competition rounds
Round 1
Round 2
Round 3
Round 4
Round 5
Round 6
Round 7
Round 8
Title play-offs 2007
The top four sides in the regular season advanced to the knock-out stage of semi-finals and final to decide the Australian Rugby Championship title.
Semi-Finals
Grand Final
Players 2007
Leading try scorers
Source: rugby.com.au
Leading point scorers
Source: rugby.com.au
Squad lists
Team squad lists for the 2007 ARC:
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
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! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Ballymore Tornadoes squad – ARC
|-
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Props
Ben Coutts THP (Souths)*
Greg Holmes LHP (Sunnybank)*
Peter Loane THP (Norths)
Brett Naylor THP (GPS)
Shon Siemonek LHP (Sunshine Coast)
Ernest Skelton LHP (Wests)*
Hookers
Geoff Abram HK (Wests)*
Sean Hardman HK (Brothers)
Joshua Mann-Rea HK (Easts)
Locks
Jared Hanna LK (Wests)
James Horwill LK (University)*
Tristan Hill LK (Norths)
Daniel Linde LK (University)**
Ed O'Donoghue LK (Wests)*
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Loose Forwards
Leroy Houston BR (Sydney)*
Steve Miller BR (GPS)
Tom McVerry BR (GPS) Captain*
Ray Stowers BR (Norths)
Scott Higginbotham N8 (Wests)**
Charles Wyllie N8 (Sunshine Coast)
Scrum-halves
Sam Cordingley SH (Brothers)*
Will Genia SH (GPS)*
Brendan McKibbin SH (Brothers)**
Fly-halves
David Collis FH (Sydney)
Berrick Barnes FH (Wests)*
Peter Hynes FH WG (University)*
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Blair Connor CE WG (Norths)**
Brett Gillespie CE (University)**
Byron Roberts OB (GPS)
Tim Sampson CE (Sunnybank)
Donovan Slade CE (GPS)
Wings
Paul Doneley OB (Brothers)
Elia Tuqiri WG FH (GPS)
Anthony Sauer OB (Brothers)
Fullbacks
Clinton Schifcofske FB (Wests)*
* Contracted Queensland Reds player
** Reds Academy player
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Canberra Vikings – ARC
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| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Nic Henderson
Jack Kennedy
Pauliasi Tomoepeau
John Ulugia
Hookers
Saia Faingaa
Anthony Hegarty
Dan Raymond
Locks
Alister Campbell
Peter Kimlin
Leon Power
Adam Wallace-Harrison
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Back row
Jarred Barry
Mark Chisholm
Dan Guinness
Julian Salvi
Jone Tawake
Henry Vanderglas
Halfbacks
Beau Mokotupu
Nick Haydon
Patrick Phibbs
Flyhalves
Christian Lealiifano
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Tim Cornforth
Matthew Carraro
Anthony Faingaa
Gene Fairbanks
Rowan Kellam
Wings
Francis Fainifo
Solomona Fainifo
Eddie Mclaughlin
Fullbacks
Tim Wright
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Central Coast Rays squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Al Baxter†
Ofa Fainga’anuku
Nick Lah
Rod Moore‡
Aaron Tawera
Hookers
Alex Gluth
Al Manning
Dustin McGregor
Locks
John Adams
Nifo Nifo
Chris Thompson
Cameron Treloar
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Loose Forwards
Ross Duncan
Steve Evans
Jared Waerea-Hargreaves
Jason Peseta
Wycliff Palu†
Vili Ratu
Beau Robinson
Dylan Sigg
Scrum-halves
Brett Sheehan
Fly-halves
Clint Eadie
David Harvey
Sam Norton-Knight
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Centres
Sam Harris
Ben Jacobs
Wings
Jordan Macey
Pat McCabe
Jye Mullane
Andrew Smith
Fullbacks
Peter Hewat
† Player not in initial squad
‡ Did not play
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 East Coast Aces squad – ARC
|-
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Props
Tama Tuirirangi (Gold Coast)
Ben Coutts (Souths)
Joe Tufuga (Sunnybank)
Hookers
Jade Ingham (Easts)
Ole Avei (Sunnybank)
Locks
Will Munsie (Gold Coast)
Luke Caughley (Gold Coast)
Rob Simmons (Sunnybank)
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Back row
Ben Mowen (Easts)
A.J. Gilbert (Souths)
Josh Afu (Sunnybank)
Halfbacks
Nic Berry (Sunnybank)
Sam Batty (Gold Coast)
Flyhalves
Ben Lucas (Sunnybank)
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Centres
Waitai Walker (Sunnybank)
Charlie Fetoai (Souths)
Henari Veratau (Sunnybank)
Wings
Caleb Brown (Gold Coast)
Brett Stapleton (Gold Coast)
Fullbacks
Chris Latham (Gold Coast)
Andrew Walker (Easts)
Marshall Milroy (Gold Coast)
John Dart (Sunnybank)
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left:1em; padding-right:1em; text-align:center;"|2007 Melbourne Rebels squad – ARC
|-
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Props
Scott Cameron PR (Sydney Uni)
Heamani Lavaka PR (Easts, Sydney)
Dan Palmer THP (Southern Districts)
Mike Ross PR (Easts, Sydney)
Hookers
Nick Churven HK (GPS)
James Hanson HK (UQ)
Nick Hensley HK (Sydney Uni)
Locks
Matt Cockbain FL, LK (GPS)
Liam Shaw LK (Brothers)
Richard Stanford LK (Brumbies)
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Loose Forwards
David Croft FL (Reds, Brothers) Captain
David Dennis FL (Waratahs)
Dave Haigh FL (Sydney Uni)
David Haydon FL (Sydney Uni)
Matt Hodgson FL (Force )
Shawn Mackay FL (Randwick)
Filipe Manu N8 (Souths, Brisbane)
Scrum-halves
Luke Burgess SH (Waratahs)
Jon McGrath SH (Force )
Fly-halves
Michael Hobbs FH (UQ)
Dan Kelly FH (Sydney Uni)
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Centres
Luke Cross CE (GPS)
Jack Farrer CE (Sydney Uni)
James Lew CE (Norths, Sydney)
Wings
Digby Ioane WG, CE (Reds)
Peter Playford WG, CE (Brumbies)
Peter Owens WG (Sydney Uni)
Nathan Trist WG (Sydney Uni)
Fullbacks
Damon Murphy WG, FB (Brothers)
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Perth Spirit squad – ARC
|-
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Props
Pekahou Cowan PR
Gareth Hardy PR
Troy Takiari PR
AJ Whalley PR
Hookers
Luke Holmes HK
Tai McIsaac HK
Ryan Tyrell HK
Locks
Tom Hockings LK
Sitaleki Timani LK
Rudi Vedelago LK
Luke Doherty LK BR
Scott Fardy LK BR
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| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Back row
Scott Fava BR
Will Bloem FL
Richard Brown N8
David Pocock OF
Halfbacks
Matt Henjak SH Captain
James Stannard SH
Flyhalves
Scott Daruda FH
Todd Feather FH
Jimmy Hilgendorf FH
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Centres
Ryan Cross CE
Junior Pelesasa CE
Kane Allen OB
Wings
Ed Jenkins WG
Jackson Mullane WG
Dan Bailey OB
Nick Cummins OB
Haig Sare OB
Ratu Siganiyavi WG
Fullbacks
Luke McLean FB
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 0.25em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Sydney Fleet squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Sean Baker (Randwick)
Dayna Edwards (Randwick)
Jeremy Tilse (Sydney Uni)
Laurie Weeks (Sydney Uni)
Hookers
Atonio Halangahu (Randwick)
Daniel Lewinski (Sydney Uni)
Todd Pearce (Eastwood)
Sam Zlatevski (Easts)
Locks
Adam Byrnes (Easts)
Ed Brenac (Easts)
Will Caldwell (Sydney Uni)
Matthew Whittleston (Randwick)
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| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Back row
Tim Davidson (Sydney Uni)
Chris Houston (Randwick)
Pat McCutcheon (Sydney Uni)
Dean Mumm (Sydney Uni)
Halfbacks
James Price (Randwick)
Nathan Sievert (Sydney Uni)
Josh Valentine (Manly)
Flyhalves
Danny Kroll (Randwick)
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Centres
Morgan Turinui (Randwick)
Tom Azar (Easts)
Tom Carter (Sydney Uni)
Wings
Andrew Barrett (Souths)
Anton La Vin (Easts)
Junior Puroku (Easts)
Filipo Toala (Eastwood)
Fullbacks
Gavin Debartolo (Easts)
Arthur Little (Randwick)
|}
{| class="collapsible collapsed" style=" width: 100%; margin: 0px; border: 1px solid darkgray; border-spacing: 3px;"
|-
! colspan="10" style="background-color:#f2f2f2; cell-border:2px solid black; padding-left: 1em; padding-right: 1em; text-align: center;" |2007 Western Sydney Rams squad – ARC
|-
| width="3%"|
| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Props
Ben Alexander LHP (Eastwood)
James Lakepa PR (Manly)
Peter Niumata PR (Penrith)
Benn Robinson LHP (Eastwood)
Hookers
Josh Mann-Rea HK (Manly)
Ben Roberts HK (West Harbour)
Locks
Ben Hand (c) LK (Eastwood)
Van Humphries LK (No Club)
Marty Wilson LK (Eastwood)
Sam Wykes LK (Parramatta)
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| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Loose Forwards
Wil Brame FL (Manly)
Ben Coridas FL (Eastwood)
Mark Howell FL (West Harbour)
Gareth Palamo FL Eastwood)
Hugh Perrett FL (Eastwood)
Tom Egan N8 FL (Easts)
Scrum-halves
Josh Holmes SH (Eastwood)
Fly-halves
Kurtley Beale FH (Norths)
Fa'atonu Fili FH FB (No Club)
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| width="30%" style="font-size: 95%;" valign="top"|
Centres
Rory Sidey CE (West Harbour)
Luke Johnson CE WG (Manly)
Chris Siale CE WG (Manly)
Wings
Filipo Toala WG (Eastwood)
Lachlan Mitchell WG CE (Sydney Uni)
Fullbacks
Ben Martin UB (Eastwood)
|}
See also
National Rugby Championship
Australian Provincial Championship (defunct)
Australian Rugby Shield (defunct)
References
External links
2006 establishments in Australia
Defunct professional sports leagues in Australia
Defunct rugby union leagues in Australia
Sports leagues established in 2006 |
5391414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jv16%20powertools | Jv16 powertools | jv16 PowerTools, developed by Macecraft Software, is a utility software suite for the Microsoft Windows operating system that according to its Web site can remove unneeded, erroneous, and left-over data, including in particular registry cleaning and optimisation, searching for files and registry entries, and finding the DNS server giving fastest Internet query resolution. It is available translated into many human languages.
It has been reviewed in several blogs and articles. Another tool for the same purpose is its competitor CCleaner.
Main features
Features offered vary with different releases. main functions were:
Clean and speed up my computer
Startup Optimizer
Software Uninstaller
Startup Timer
Windows AntiSpy
Check for Vulnerable Software
License
The software may be downloaded in fully functional form for a limited trial period, and various licences are available, typically for several computers for one year, and lifetime. Prices, and duration of free trial, vary, and special prices may be offered valid for a limited period.
References
Utilities for Windows
Pascal (programming language) software |
5391423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Branch%20Sugar%20River | North Branch Sugar River | The North Branch of the Sugar River is a river located in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Sugar River, which flows to the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound.
The North Branch of the Sugar River begins at the confluence of Sawyer Brook and Stocker Brook in the town of Grantham, New Hampshire. The river flows south through the town of Croydon, reaching the Sugar River in the town of Newport. In Croydon, the river's flow is interrupted by Spectacle Pond, a two-lobed lake. New Hampshire Route 10 follows the North Branch for nearly its entire length.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire |
3998824 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2023%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 23 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 22 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 24
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 8 (March 7 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 23rd, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 10.
Saints
Hieromartyr Polycarp of Smyrna, Bishop of Smyrna (167)
Holy 73 Martyrs of Sirmium, under Diocletian (303)
Martyr Clement, by the sword.
Martyr Thea, by the sword.
Venerable Gorgonia the Righteous (370), sister of St. Gregory the Theologian.
Saint Alexander, founder of the Monastery of the Unsleeping Ones, Constantinople (430) (see also: January 15, July 3)
Saints John, Antioch, Antoninus, Moses, Zebinas, Polychronius, Moses (another), and Damian, ascetics near Cyrrhus in the Syrian desert (5th century)
Saint John Theristes ("the Harvester") of Stylos in Calabria (9th or 11th century) (see also: February 24 )
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Martha, a virgin-martyr beheaded in Astorga in Spain under Decius (251)
Saint Polycarp, a priest in Rome noted for ministering to those in prison for their faith (c. 300)
Saint Romana, a virgin born in Rome who reposed at the age of eighteen while living as an anchoress in a cave on the banks of the Tiber in Italy (324)
Saints Syncrotas, Antigonus, Rutilus, Libius, Senerotas and Rogatianus, martyrs at Sirmium in Pannonia (4th century)
Saint Florentius of Seville, Confessor, a saint much venerated in Seville in Spain (c. 485)
Saint Felix of Brescia, twentieth Bishop of Brescia (c. 650)
Saint Jurmin, an East Anglian prince, son or nephew of King Anna of East Anglia (653)
Saint Boswell (Boisil), Abbot of Melrose Abbey in Scotland (c. 661) (see also: February 24)
Saint Mildburga (Milburgh), Abbess of Wenlock Priory (715)
Saint Medrald (Mérald, Méraut), a monk at Saint-Evroult (Ebrulfus) of Ouche in France, who later became Abbot of Vendôme (c. 850)
Saint Willigis, Archbishop of Mainz (1011)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Venerable Damian of Esphigmenou Monastery, on Mount Athos (1280)
Saint Cosmas of Zograf Monastery, Mount Athos (1281)
Saint Moses of White Lake Monastery, monk (1480)
New Monk-martyr Damian of Philotheou and Kissavos, at Larissa (1586)
New Hieromartyr Lazarus of the Peloponnese (c. 1618)
Venerable Polycarp of Bryansk, monk of Bryansk (1620-1621)
Saint Nazarius, Abbot of Valaam Monastery (1809)
Saint Seraphim (Zenobius), Schema-Metropolitan of Tetritskaro, Georgia, monk of Glinsk Monastery (1985)
New martyrs and confessors
New Hieromartyr Paul Kushnikov, Priest (1918)
New Hieromartyr Michael Edlinsky, Archpriest, of Kiev (1937) (see also: November 17)
New Hieromartyr Alexis Nikolsky, Priest (1938)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Dimitrov, Priest (1938)
New Hieromartyr Michael Razhkin, Priest (1938)
Martyr Sergius Borodavkin (1938)
New Hieromartyr Sergius (Bukashkin), Hieromonk, of Novo-Alexandrovka, Moscow (1938)
New Hieromartyr Antipas (Kyrillov), hieromonk, of Tatarintsevo, Moscow (1938)
New Hieromartyr Philaret (Pryakhin), Abbot, of Trubino, Tver (1942)
Other commemorations
Repose of Archimandrite Agapit (Belovidov) of Optina Monastery (1922)
Repose of Elder Sabbas (Stavrobouniotes) of Cyprus (1985)
Uncovering of the relics (1998) of Blessed Matrona of Moscow (1952)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 23 / March 8. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
March 8 / February 23. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 23. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 17.
The Twenty-Third Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
February 23. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 56–57.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 81-82.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 23 ΦΕΒΡΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
Συναξαριστής. 23 Φεβρουαρίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
Russian Sources
8 марта (23 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
23 февраля (ст.ст.) 8 марта 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
5391428 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supported%20living | Supported living | Supported living or supportive living refers to a range of services and community living arrangements (CLAs) designed with individuals with disabilities and their families to support disabled citizens to attain or retain their independence (see independent living) or interdependence in their local communities. Supported living is recorded in the history of the NASDDDS (National Association of State Directors of Developmental Disabilities Services), celebrating its 50th Anniversary. Community Supported Living Arrangements (CSLA) was a landmark federal multi-state demonstration to illustrate the federal role in community living in the US. Supported living is considered a core service or program of community living programs funded through federal-state-local partnerships.
In the United States
Supported living has been defined in diverse ways in the US, including early conceptualization in New York as integrated apartment living, and one early definition by the state of Oregon:
"Supported living is defined as persons with disabilities living where and with whom they want, for as long as they want, with the ongoing support needed to sustain that choice."
"Supported living...its simplicity is elegant. A person with a disability who requires long-term publicly funded, organized assistance, allies with an agency whose role is to arrange or provide whatever assistance is necessary for the person to live in a decent and secure home of the person's own."
As a form of community living development, supported living became identified with certain approaches to services and community, including the own home initiatives. These services involved an understanding of "formal" and "informal support" (and their relationship), and changes from "group thinking" approaches (e.g., ten intermediate care facilities for 15 persons each) to planning services for, with and by the person "targeted to be served." For example:
"Supportive living represents a movement within the (intellectual and) developmental disabilities field to provide support services in regular housing to adults with disabilities. Direct support services can be provided by paid staff, including live-in roommates or boarders, paid neighbors, a person hired as an attendant, a support worker or personal assistant, as well as more traditional agency and (modified) shift(live-in) staffing. Professionals, friends, families, and other "informal supports" can also assist people to live in their homes. Supported living may be joined to a movement toward decent, affordable and accessible housing."
Supported living in the US has multiple known origins, including:
The development of a service category of community living for people deemed capable of more independent living (also known as semi-independent living).
As a major reform initiative in the US to provide more choices, more integrated and more regular homes and apartments for people with the "most severe disabilities".
As part of organizational studies during that period (i.e., programs, agencies, and to some extent, state, regional and county systems), including differentiating family support for children and supportive living for adults.
As state reform and development to a supportive living approach, involving new service structures, program development and financing.
As a federal initiative to define and fund supportive living (and services and supports, such as personal care, respite care, environmental modifications, case management, chore services, companion services, skilled nursing, supportive living coach).
As provider and agency accounts, and organizational development (e.g., leadership, person-centered, individualized and flexible support services).
As part of the movement toward direct support professional and community support workers in the US and other countries such as Canada.
As parent and "service user" accounts of supported living, homes and support services, and as linking with self-advocacy efforts in states in the US.
As linking with independent living as supportive living in the community for "special population groups" or persons then "deemed in need of institutional settings", including nursing homes.
Finally, as federal, state and provider term applying to "all sorts" of community based living services (i.e., intellectual and developmental disabilities field). Recently, in one state that term even referred to a segregated residential campus, including for children, the antithesis of supportive living ideals and principles.
Evolution of the concept
Supported living also developed along different trend lines in the US, two of which included a broadening of the community living concepts in the new community paradigms of community membership of support and empowerment of conversion from an institutional to a community paradigm of person-centered planning of community regeneration (and neighborhood assets) and the service system change to housing, homes and personal assistance and supports in quality community living. Supportive living was an ally of independent living to assure that special population groups could also obtain the benefits of IL services and concepts.
Community participation
First, part of leadership (e.g., federal financing, state leaders, agency providers, knowledge dissemination networks) was back to the broadened concept of "community living" based on emerging concepts and practices in "community participation." Supported living linked with the concepts of integrated recreation, inclusive education with community opportunities, community membership, self-determination, "community seeding", "person-centered", and personalized supports. This resulted in projects such as the Community Opportunities Project of the Louisiana Developmental Disabilities Council, which were based on roles and relationships such as: Paul becoming a church member, fiancée, health club member, good neighbor, regular at Fred's Country Western and coffee shop, and self-advocate with statewide recognition.
Supportive living
Second, the concept of supportive living was broadened from a service category of a residential program (i.e., facility-based program model with bundled services) to bridge the gap toward the independent living concept of housing and personal assistance services (health-funded), the concept of regular homes with the availability of "intensive support services" (special population groups, "severe disabilities"), a "range of community support services" (e.g., community counseling, recreation support personnel), decent community life (e.g., community employment, financial security), and principles of community and self-determination/choice.
This agency and systems change work was based on the identification of leading practice of organizations supporting people with disabilities in the community, including the following program design components: the separation of housing and support, home ownership and leasing, individualized and flexible supports, and individual choice. This program design requires "service coordination/case management/service broker/support facilitator", "individualized funding" and "person-centered approaches to planning and supports". This framework has been used in the design of a person-centered course in community services and frames the supported/ive living approach of university doctoral students to graduates.
Housing and "homes of our own"
Generally, though the focus remained on making people's places into "homes of their own" which became a federal initiative to also explore other housing and support options on the local levels.
On the service configuration and program design levels, a multi-case study research design was used to explore the five identified characteristics of a "housing and support" approach: the separation of housing and support, "home ownership", including tenancy, close tie among assessment, individual planning and individualized funding, and flexible and individualized support services, and choice. Separate developments were proceeding on personal assistance services which began with the independent living movement led by leaders such as now Honorable Judith E. Heumann and late Ed Roberts; it remains current today (E.g., Center for Personal Assistance Services in the US of San Francisco State University, California; then the Rehabilitation Research and Training Center on Center for Personal Assistance Services of the World Institute on Disability, 1990).
A state policy study in South Dakota explored the relationship of state systems change necessary to move to a full range of regular housing and support options from the current facility-based service design in comparison to modifying the current small apartment/home structures such as those in Connecticut. To date, there is no evidence of this type of systems transformation in the US (as of 2012)though we have moved to reporting on homes of one's own, personal assistance services and supportive living approaches, including over 189,000 participants of the latter two categories.
In 2013, Robert Agranoff reported in the "Public Administration Review", that leading state systems in the US (in Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities) indicated an 80-90% conversion from a large institutional system to small, dispersed community homes and services in the community. These changes were based on efforts in states which involved major organizational changes in the NGO (non-profit agency) sectors (e.g., Fratangelo, 1994), and with variability in state government public policies, departments and financing (e.g., Braddock, Hemp & Rizzolo, 2008).
Community support standards in the US
Supportive living in the US is an important movement within the context of decades of federal policies, sometimes reluctantly, for community support services in communities nationwide as part of community integration, community participation, independent living and inclusion. This movement has been accompanied by a strong emphasis on self-determination, with roots in rehabilitation in the 1950s and also, in education in the 2000s.
In the 1990s, this movement emphasized the skill standards of personnel, including direct service workers who were called "human service workers" and their "community managers" (2013, Department of Labor statistics). Increasingly, in 2013 with the consumer-directed services developed in these fields, education and training standards are being revamped within the context of the new US Direct Support Workforce and the Centers for Medicaid and Medicare.
Community living
The term community living was an outgrowth of the development of "residential services" in the communities in the US (e.g., Wolfensberger, Racino, Bersani, Nisbet, Taylor, and Bogdan of Syracuse University, Graduate Studies in Education, 600), and a departure from the development of institutional facilities. As part of this development and growth, different typologies of these services occurred beginning with group homes, staffed apartments, foster care, and then a variety of new and innovative services such as early intervention, family support services, supportive living and "related services" (e.g., supported employment, supported housing). Today, community living may involve over 43 residential typologies (e.g., Pynoos, Feldman & Ahrens, 2004), including board and care homes, personal care homes, nursing facilities, independent living facilities, supportive living and homeownership, family caregiving, personal assistance services, medical homes, and for elders, assisted living facilities.
In the United Kingdom
Supported living is the term given by local authorities in the United Kingdom to encompass a range of services designed to help disabled citizens retain their independence in their local community.
Previously, housing and support were usually provided by a charity or local council. Now mentally and physically disabled people can live in their own home and have personal support provided by another organisation or by hiring a personal assistant (paid visiting or live-in carer).
As of 2009, the government in the UK expected "local councils to give people with learning disabilities a genuine opportunity to choose between housing, care and support options that include:
Supportive living.
Small-scale ordinary housing.
Village or intentional communities." (p. 73)
In the research and development sector, the UK has been a leader in supportive living residences and group homes, and in a concept and practice termed active support as part of community integration.
"Supportive living" in the "Valuing People, 21st Century" report defined this approach as: "concerned with designing services round the particular needs and wishes of individuals and is less likely to result in housing and support that is designed around congregate living. Department of Health research has shown that supported living is associated with people having greater overall choice and a wider range of community activities." (p. 73)
Teams in the UK
Local supported living teams can advise what supported housing is available in any given area. Other assistance may include:
a personal assistant or other care services
Direct Payments to pay for privately sourced care services
mobility equipment
home adaptations
security
emergency call centre
meals on wheels
International collaborations
As Linda Ward (1995) wrote in her edited text on "Values and Visions: Changing Ideas in Services for People with Learning Difficulties", "the flaws of the "group home model" were recognised sooner in the USA than the UK." (p. 12). Termed "supportive living", she says these developments have been richly documented by Racino, Walker, O'Connor, & Taylor (1993). Written at the time of the nine-state pilots by the federal government on Community Supported Living Arrangements in the US, she noted great interstate variability in what it was and did identify the primary principles near the 1991 national organizational study (separation of housing and support, one individual at a time, full user choice and control, rejecting no one, and a focus on relationships, with maximum use of informal support and community resources). For comparisons, about the same time, Paul Williams (1995) identified the residential services available in Great Britain, including life sharing, hostels, staffed houses, living alone, lodgings, family placements, group homes, living with families, short-term care, hospitals and village communities, among others.
One of the most important initiatives of the 1980s and 1990s on homes and community living in the United Kingdom was the "influential paper "An Ordinary Life"" which was shared in the US through our internationally known colleague David Towell, then of the King's Fund and Great Britain's National Development Team. One of his books, An Ordinary Life in Practice, was paired with his strategic framework for principled national change. Within the comprehensive book (1988), Richard Brazil and Nan Carle describe an ordinary home life, Linda Ward describes developing opportunities for an ordinary community life, Paul Williams and Alan Tyne values for service development (normalization-based, Wolf Wolfensberger), Alice Etherington, Keven Hall & Emma Whelan as service users (where I live, where I work), Philippa Russell on children and families, Jan Porterfield on regular employment, the late James Mansell on training, David Towell on managing strategic change, and Roger Blunden on safeguarding quality, among others.
In 2013, the current framework is inclusive and sustainable housing and communities, similar in both the US and UK with sustainability worldwide. In 2017, these inclusion initiatives were discussed in relationship to community integration theories at the American Society for Public Administration in Atlanta, Georgia. (Racino, Rolandi, Huston, & Begman, 2017)
Canadians, while not typically using the term supported living which is current in the US, were partners in the institution to community movement which included the "reallocation of some funds toward support and services for community living options" (Prince, 2002). Termed in historical texts, the deinstitutionalization movement, the Nordic countries, and New Zealand and Australia, were early partners in community development.
References
Disability
Housing |
3998842 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2024%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 24 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 23 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 25
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 9 (March 8 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 24th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 11.
Feast
First (4th century) and Second (452) Findings of the Precious Head of St. John the Baptist.
Saints
Saint John the Harvester (Theristos), of Calabria (9th century)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Martyrs Montanus, Lucias, Julian, Victoricus, Flavian, and their companions, at Carthage (259)
Saint Primitiva (Primitivus), an early martyr, probably in Rome.
Saint Modestus, Bishop of Trier in Germany and Confessor (489)
Saint Praetextatus (Prix), Bishop of Rouen in France and Martyr (586)
Saint Liudhard (Letard), Chaplain and Bishop of Queen Bertha of Kent (c. 600)
Saint Æthelberht of Kent, King of Kent (616) (see also: February 25)
Saint Boisil of Melrose Abbey (664) (see also: February 23)
Saint Cummain Ailbe (Cumine the White), Abbot of Iona (669)
Saint Betto, a monk at Sainte Colombe in Sens in France, who became Bishop of Auxerre in 889 (918)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Venerable Erasmus of the Kiev Caves Monastery (c. 1160)
Other commemorations
Uncovering of the relics (1486) of St. Romanus, Prince of Uglich (1285)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 24 / March 9. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
March 9 / February 24. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 24. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas (ROCOR). St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 17.
The Twenty-Fourth Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
February 24. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 57-58.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 83-84.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 24 ΦΕΒΡΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
Συναξαριστής. 24 Φεβρουαρίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
Russian Sources
9 марта (24 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
24 февраля (ст.ст.) 9 марта 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
3998851 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail%20Devyataev | Mikhail Devyataev | Mikhail Petrovich Devyataev (; Moksha/Erzya: Михаил Петрович Девятаев; 8 July 1917 – 24 November 2002) was a Soviet fighter pilot known for his incredible escape from a Nazi concentration camp on the island of Usedom, in the Baltic Sea.
Early life and military career
Born in 1917 at Torbeyevo, Mikhail was the thirteenth child born to the family of a Mordovian peasant. In 1938 he graduated from a School of River Navigation and worked as the captain of a small ship on the Volga. That same year he was conscripted into the Red Army and began education at a Chkalov Flying School, graduating in 1940.
Devyataev was an early entrant of World War II, destroying his first Ju 87 on 24 June 1941, just two days after Germany attacked the Soviet Union. Soon he was awarded the Order of the Red Banner. On 23 September he was seriously wounded (he was hit in his left leg). After a long stay in the hospital he was assigned to Po-2 unit and then to medical aviation. He resumed his duties as a fighter pilot after his meeting with the famous Soviet ace Aleksandr Pokryshkin in May 1944. Commander of an echelon with the 104th Guards Fighter Aviation Regiment, Senior Lieutenant Devyatayev destroyed nine enemy planes.
Capture and imprisonment
On 13 July 1944 Devyataev was downed near Lviv over German-held territory and became a prisoner of war, held in the Łódź concentration camp. He made an attempt to escape on 13 August but was caught and transferred to the Sachsenhausen concentration camp. He soon realised that his situation was perilous because as a Soviet pilot, he could expect extreme brutality; therefore, he allegedly managed to exchange identities with a dead Soviet infantryman named Nikitenko.
Devyataev was later transferred to a camp in Usedom to be a part of a forced labor crew working for the German missile program on the island of Peenemünde. In the preserved camp records he appears correctly as prisoner 11024 Dewjatajew, Michail, however. Under hellish conditions, the prisoners were forced to repair runways and clear unexploded bombs by hand. Security was rigidly enforced with vicious guards and dogs, and there was little chance of escape. Even so, by February 1945, Devyataev concluded that, however remote, the chance of escape was preferable to certain death as a prisoner.
Escape
Devyataev managed to convince three other prisoners (Sokolov, Krivonogov and Nemchenko) that he could fly them to freedom. They decided to run away at dinner time, when most of the guards were in the dining room. Sokolov and Nemchenko were able to create a work gang composed only of Soviet citizens, as they did not know foreign languages with which to communicate freely and coordinate their plans with other inmates.
At noon on 8 February 1945, as the ten Soviet POWs, including Devyataev, were at work on the runway, one of the work gang, Ivan Krivonogov, picked up a crowbar and killed their guard. Another prisoner, Peter Kutergin, quickly stripped off the guard's uniform and slipped it on. The work gang, led by the "guard", managed to unobtrusively take over the camp commandant's He 111 H22 bomber and fly from the island. Devyataev piloted the aircraft.
The Germans tried to intercept the bomber unsuccessfully. The aircraft was damaged by Soviet air defences, but managed to land in Soviet-held territory. The escapees provided important information about the German missile program, especially about the V-1 and V-2.
The NKVD did not believe Devyataev's story, arguing that it was impossible for the prisoners to take over an airplane without cooperation from the Germans. After a short time in hospital in late March 1945 seven of the escapees were sent to serve in a penal military unit; of the escapees, five died in action over the following months, while three officers including Devyataev spent time in prison during a prolonged investigation.
Postwar
Devyataev was discharged from the army in November 1945. However, his classification remained that of a "criminal", and so he was unable to find a job for a long while. Eventually, however, Devyataev found work as a manual laborer in Kazan. Soviet authorities cleared Devyataev only in 1957, after the head of the Soviet space program Sergey Korolyov personally presented his case, arguing that the information provided by Devyataev and the other escapees had been critical for the Soviet space program.
He got a job at the Kazan river port as a duty officer at the river station, then trained as a captain-mechanic. From 1949 onwards he worked as an assistant to the captain of the longboat Ogonyok; from 1952 he was the captain of the longboat Ogonyok, and from 1955 he was transferred to the position of captain of the motor ship.
On 15 August 1957, Devyataev became a Hero of the Soviet Union and a subject of multiple books and newspaper articles. He continued to live in Kazan. In the late 1950s, Devyatayev was entrusted with testing the "Raketa", one of the world's first passenger hydrofoil ships; for many years he worked as a captain of river ships and became the first captain of the hydrofoil ship "Meteor"
In 1959, he became a member of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union (CPSU). In 1972, he published his memoirs.
Awards
Hero of the Soviet Union (15 August 1957)
Order of Lenin (15 August 1957)
Two Order of the Red Banner (1 February 1944, ?)
Order of the Patriotic War 1st class (11 March 1985)
Order of the Patriotic War 2nd class (7 May 1944)
Patriotic Order of Merit 2nd class
Campaign and jubilee medals
Devyataev became an honoured citizen of the Republic of Mordovia, and of the city of Kazan, in the Russian Federation, along with the cities of Wolgast and Zinnowitz in Germany.
Death and legacy
He died at Kazan in 2002, aged 85, and is buried in the Arskoe Cemetery in Kazan near the World War II Memorial. There is a museum dedicated to Devyataev in his native Torbeyevo (opened on 8 May 1975) and monuments in Usedom and Kazan.
See also
Bob Hoover
Sergey Vandyshev
References
Bibliography
1917 births
2002 deaths
People from Torbeyevsky District
Mordvin people
Soviet Air Force officers
Soviet World War II flying aces
Soviet World War II pilots
Nazi concentration camp survivors
World War II prisoners of war held by Germany
Escapees from German detention
Heroes of the Soviet Union
Russian people of World War II
Soviet prisoners of war
Sachsenhausen concentration camp survivors
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner
Recipients of the Medal of Zhukov
Recipients of the Patriotic Order of Merit
Shot-down aviators
Escapees from Nazi concentration camps
Burials at Arskoe Cemetery |
3998860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Organic%20computer | Organic computer | Organic computer may refer to:
Wetware computer, a computer made from biological materials
Organic computing, an emerging computing paradigm in which a system and its components and subsystems are well coordinated in a purposeful manner |
3998870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whistle%20Lake | Whistle Lake | Whistle Lake is a small lake located within city limits in Anacortes Community Forest Lands southeast of central Anacortes, Washington. Though not directly accessible by vehicle, Whistle Lake attracts thousands of visitors each year. The lake may be reached by driving to the trailhead off Whistle Lake Road and hiking 1.3 miles.
The scenery surrounding the lake is pleasant and a variety of trails provide opportunities for hikers. The lake itself is used for swimming and fishing; only inflatable rafts and non-motorized boats can be used. Cliffs varying in height from 10 feet to nearly 70 feet attract cliff divers.
References
Lakes of Washington (state)
Lakes of Skagit County, Washington
Protected areas of Skagit County, Washington |
3998877 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Hammond%20%28ship%29 | William Hammond (ship) | William Hammond was a barque used to transport convicts to Western Australia.
Built in Sunderland in 1853 for Thomas and Co, William Hammond was long, wide and deep, and had a burthen of 683 tons. On 30 September 1854, she sailed on her maiden voyage from Plymouth to Hobart with 271 emigrating passengers on board. She docked in Hobart on 25 December after a journey of 83 days during which four children died.
When appointed to transport convicts to Western Australia in 1855, William Hammond was still considered a new ship, and had an A1 rating. With Horatio Edwards as captain and George MacLaren as surgeon-superintendent, William Hammond embarked 35 convicts from the Woolwich prison hulk Defence on 6 December 1855, and another 32 convicts from the hulk Warrior shortly afterwards. On 8 December she was towed out of Woolwich dock and sailed down the River Thames. After clearing the Straits of Dover she encountered stormy weather in the English Channel. She sailed along the south coast of England, docking at Portsmouth. On 17 December she took on 59 more convicts, and the following day she anchored off the Isle of Portland, where it took on 80 convicts from Portland Prison. William Hammond left Portland on 24 December, but shortly afterwards a sailor named John Gollately fell overboard while trying to stow the jib. Another sailor, John Deady, attacked the Chief Mate, David Kid, saying it was his fault the man fell overboard. William Hammond then set in at Plymouth, where Deady was tried before a magistrate and sentenced to 21 days imprisonment. Six sailors who, due to various illness were deemed unfit to travel, were also disembarked. After taking on 45 more convicts from Dartmoor Prison, William Hammond sailed for Western Australia on 5 January 1856.
William Hammond sailed with 32 crew, 250 convicts and 98 passengers, most of whom were pensioner guards and their families. She sailed directly to Fremantle, a journey that took 84 days. Only one person died on the journey, a corporal in the pensioner guard named Henry Fraser, probably of tuberculosis. No convicts died, although there were reported cases of dysentery, diarrhoea and nyctalopia. The only other incident occurred on 28 January, when Kid was found to be drunk on his watch, having accessed the stores of rum without permission.
At about 7PM on 28 March, William Hammond sighted the lighthouse on Rottnest Island. Anchor was dropped in the lee of Rottnest early the next morning, and at 7AM the Fremantle harbourmaster boarded the ship. The passengers were disembarked by mid-afternoon, and the convicts were disembarked over the next two days.
Little is known of the William Hammond'''s subsequent service, except that there is a record of her delivering immigrants to Melbourne in 1862.
See also
Convicts transported on board William Hammond'' include:
William Boxhal
William Jones
John Cage 1833-1904 Arrived Western Australia 29 March 1856
List of convict ship voyages to Western Australia
References
External links
Further reading
The ship's log of Captain Horatio Edwards is extant, as is George MacLaren's surgeon's journal for the voyage. The original of MacLaren's journal is held by the Public Record Office in London. A copy is available on the Australian Joint Copying Project microfilm reel 3212, which is held in most major libraries and archives offices throughout Australia.
Convict ships to Western Australia |
5391445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paolo%20Bertolucci | Paolo Bertolucci | Paolo Bertolucci (born 3 August 1951) is an Italian former professional tennis player. He is currently working as sport commentator for Italian Sky TV.
Bertolucci won the Davis Cup with Italy in 1976. His greatest success on ATP Tour was the victory at the 1977 Hamburg Masters, where he beat Manuel Orantes in the final in four sets. In 1976, Bertolucci also won the Grand Prix tournaments of Florence and Barcelona. His career-high singles ranking was world No. 12, achieved in August 1973.
Bertolucci was non-playing-captain of the Italy Davis Cup team from 1985 to 2001.
Career finals
Singles: 12 (6–6)
Doubles: 19 (12–7)
See also
Tennis in Italy
References
External links
1951 births
Living people
Italian male tennis players
Sportspeople from the Province of Lucca
People from Forte dei Marmi |
3998882 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2025%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 25 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 24 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 26
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 10 (March 9 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 25th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 12.
Saints
Martyr Alexander, at Marcianopolis in Thracia (c. 305)
Martyr Anthony, by being burned alive.
Saint Theodore, Fool-for-Christ.
Hieromartyr Reginus of Skopelos, Bishop of the isle of Skopelos (355)
Saint Marcellus, Bishop of Aipeia in Cyprus.
Venerable Paphnutius of Kephala, monk, contemporary of St. Anthony the Great (4th century)
Saint Tarasius of Constantinople, Patriarch of Constantinople (806)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saints Donatus, Justus, Herena and Companions, a group of fifty martyrs who suffered in North Africa under Decius (3rd century)
Saint Ethelbert, King of Kent (616)
Saint Aldetrudis (Adeltrudis) of Maubeuge Abbey (c. 696)
Saint Walburga, Abbess of Heidenheim (779)
Saint Victor of St. Gall, a monk at St Gall in Switzerland who became a hermit in the Vosges in France where he reposed (995)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
—
New martyrs and confessors
New Hieromartyr Sylvester (Olshevsky), Archbishop of Omsk and Pavlodar (1920) (Feast was moved to February 25, from February 13)
New Hieromartyr Alexander Vinogradov, Priest (1938)
Virgin-Martyr Mstislava Fokinoi (1938)
New Hieromartyr Leo Korobczuk, Priest, of Laskov (Chełm and Podlasie), Poland (1944)
New Hieromartyr Nicholas Troitsky, Priest (1945)
Other commemorations
Repose of Blessed Pashenka of Nizhny Novgorod (1934)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 25 / March 10. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
March 10 / February 25. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 25. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas. St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 17.
The Twenty-Fifth Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
February 25. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 58.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 84-85.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 25 ΦΕΒΡΟΥΑΡΙΟΥ. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
Συναξαριστής. 25 Φεβρουαρίου. Ecclesia.gr. (H Εκκλησια τησ Ελλαδοσ).
Russian Sources
10 марта (25 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
25 февраля (ст.ст.) 10 марта 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
3998911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Underwriting%20profit | Underwriting profit | Underwriting profit is a term used in the insurance industry. It consists of the earned premium remaining after losses have been paid and administrative expenses have been deducted. It does not include any investment income earned on held premiums. Many companies will eschew underwriting profit in order to gain a greater market share.
Examples
For example, an auto insurer collects money every month from its customers in the form of a premium. Should a customer have a covered auto accident, the company pays out a claim. In the time between the receipt of each premium payment and the paying of the claim, the money received by the insurer can be invested. Returns from investments are the primary source of profits for an insurance company. If the amount of premiums taken in is greater than the claims paid out, even before taking into account investment returns, the excess additional profit is called "underwriting profit". Another prime example occurs when using Insured Profits.
See also
Insurance
Financial services (broader industry to which insurance belongs)
Insurance law
List of finance topics
List of insurance topics
List of United States insurance companies
Social security
Opportunity cost
Insurance
Underwriting |
5391450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n%20Dar%C3%ADo%20G%C3%B3mez | Hernán Darío Gómez | Hernán Darío Gómez Jaramillo (; born 3 February 1956), also known as El Bolillo (; The Baton), is a Colombian former footballer and football manager who last managed the Honduras national football team.
Career
He was an active player from 1966 to 1985, when he retired after a knee injury. Gómez played for the Colombia amateur team that participated at the 1978 Central American and Caribbean Games. His career as a coach started while being assistant to Francisco Maturana while at Atlético Nacional and winning the 1989 Copa Libertadores. He would then become head coach in 1991 and led them to a Categoria Primera A title in 1991.
He joined Maturana while he became coach of Colombia and was his assistant at the 1987 Copa America where Colombia got third place. He also helped qualify the team to the 1990 FIFA World Cup and 1994 edition as well. This was during the so-called golden generation of Colombian football. In 1995, he was named head coach of Colombia and qualified them for the 1998 FIFA World Cup Colombia's fourth appearance overall and third consecutive appearance at the tournament. They went out at group stage with one win and two losses.
He successfully led Ecuador to their first World Cup finals in 2002. However, he resigned after a disappointing performance by the Ecuadorian team at the 2004 Copa América.
During the 2006 World Cup qualifiers, he was a commentator for Canal RCN.
On 5 May 2010, the Colombian Football Federation announced that Gómez was appointed as the successor of Eduardo Lara, who left the selection after failing to qualify for the 2010 FIFA World Cup finals.
On 13 February 2012, he took charge of Independiente Medellin, six months after resigning as coach of the national team.
On 15 February 2014, Gómez was announced the new manager of Panama. He led Panama to the semi finals of the 2015 Gold Cup, where Panama were controversially eliminated by Mexico. After the match, he publicly criticized Mark Geiger's decisions, and went on to say that he "deeply thought of retiring" after that moment. Panama finished third after defeating the United States in the match for third place. On 22 January 2016, Gómez was named 2015 CONCACAF Men's Coach of the Year.
On 10 October 2017, he led Panama to qualify for the 2018 FIFA World Cup, the country's debut in this competition. On July 17, 2018 he stepped down as Panama's head coach. Gomez said an "emotional farewell".
On 1 August 2018, Gomez returned to Ecuador as head coach of the national team. Ecuador had a disastrous performance at the 2019 Copa America, where they only gained one point against Japan. After Ecuador's loss in the opening match against Uruguay, Gomez said to the press that at halftime, with Ecuador losing 3-0, he told his team in the dressing room, "There is nothing we can do, just make sure they don't score anymore goals on us." This statement was seen as disrespectful by the Ecuadorian press, and doubts were already raised over his management. After the tournament, Gomez stated that he would not resign, and his objective was to remain with the national team to coach the 2022 World Cup Qualifiers. However, on 1 August 2019, Gomez was dismissed.
In October 2021, Gomez was announced as the new head coach of the Honduras national team, replacing Fabián Coito. On 10 April 2022, Gomez was sacked from the Honduras national team after just nine games, losing eight and only drawing once. Honduras finished in last place of the octogonal with just three points.
Personal life
On 6 August 2011, at the pub "El Bembe" in Bogotá, Gómez attacked an unidentified woman. According to witnesses, Gómez hit the woman at least four times near the entrance of the pub where he was accompanied by the woman minutes before. When the facts were known, Gómez released a statement asking for forgiveness for his behavior and resigned to his participation as a member of the technical committee of the U-20 World Football Championship. However multiple organizations, like 'Casa de la Mujer', expressed their discontent with Gómez's actions and asked for his resignation as manager of the Colombian football team. Finally because of pressure from the media, the Colombian football team's sponsors, political and social celebrities and the general public, he resigned as the manager of the Colombian football team.
Managerial statistics
World record as manager
To date, he is one of three coaches to have led at least three different national teams to a World Cup. He qualified Colombia to the 1998 FIFA World Cup, Ecuador to the 2002 FIFA World Cup and Panama to the 2018 FIFA World Cup. French manager Henri Michel also had previously achieved this with three teams: he led France to the 1986 FIFA World Cup, Morocco to the 1998 FIFA World Cup and Ivory Coast to the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Bora Milutinovic (Mexico, 1986; Costa Rica, 1990; United States, 1994; Nigeria, 1998; and China, 2002) and Carlos Alberto Parreira (Kuwait, 1982; United Arab Emirates, 1990; Brazil, 1994 and 2006; Saudi Arabia, 1998; South Africa, 2010) have guided five teams in World Cups, but without playing all the qualification rounds.
References
1956 births
Living people
Footballers from Medellín
Colombian footballers
Association football midfielders
Independiente Medellín footballers
Atlético Nacional footballers
Categoría Primera A players
Colombian football managers
Atlético Nacional managers
Colombia national football team managers
Ecuador national football team managers
Guatemala national football team managers
Independiente Santa Fe managers
Panama national football team managers
Independiente Medellín managers
1995 Copa América managers
1997 Copa América managers
1998 FIFA World Cup managers
2001 Copa América managers
2002 FIFA World Cup managers
2004 Copa América managers
2011 Copa América managers
2015 CONCACAF Gold Cup managers
Copa América Centenario managers
2017 CONCACAF Gold Cup managers
2018 FIFA World Cup managers
2019 Copa América managers
Colombian expatriate football managers
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Ecuador
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Panama
Colombian expatriate sportspeople in Guatemala
Expatriate football managers in Ecuador
Expatriate football managers in Guatemala
Expatriate football managers in Panama |
5391454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hern%C3%A1n%20G%C3%B3mez | Hernán Gómez | Hernán Gómez or Hernangómez is a Spanish name and a surname. It may refer to:
Hernán Darío Gómez (born 1956), Colombian footballer
Pablo Hernán Gómez (1977–2001), Argentine footballer
Juancho Hernangómez (born 1995), Spanish basketball player
Willy Hernangómez (born 1994), Spanish basketball player
Hernangomez |
5391460 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahauddin%20Zakariya%20University | Bahauddin Zakariya University | Bahauddin Zakariya University (BZU) () is a public university with its main campus in Multan, Pakistan. Bahauddin Zakariya University was founded in 1975 as Multan University, and is the 2nd largest university in Punjab. It was renamed in 1979 in honour of a Sufi saint Baha-ud-din Zakariya (1171-1262).
As a degree awarding government university, it offers degree courses in more than 130 majors & minors in fields including biochemistry pharmacy, engineering, humanities, business administration, law, art, music, IT, agriculture and languages. According to newly published 2016–2017, Times Higher Education (THE) Ranking System, Bahauddin Zakariya University is ranked within Top 800 highly ranked universities worldwide.
In 2019, the university was also ranked 8th nationally by General Universities Category of Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC).
History
The university started functioning in 1975 in rented buildings with eight departments. Now the university has a large campus with sixty departments and several constituent colleges, such as University Gilani Law College and Multan College of Arts, and faculties including Veterinary, Agricultural Science and Technology (FAST) (formerly University College of Agriculture or UCA), Engineering and Technology. The university also has residential facilities for students and staff.
The Bahauddin Zakariya University is a general university, providing education in Arts and Science. Since agriculture is the mainstay of this region - the place and its environs produce the country's best silver crop (cotton) and fruit crops like mangoes, citrus, and dates - it was considered expedient to train manpower for solving agriculture problems. Accordingly, a College of Agriculture was established in 1989. The College of Agriculture and its complement, an Engineering College, form an integral part of the University Plan. The College of Engineering & Technology was established in 1994. Department of Commerce was started in November 1996. BBA classes were started in the Department of Business Administration in October 1996. Bachelor of Computer Science was introduced in the Department of Computer Science in November 1996, though Masters in Computer Science (MCS) was already running since 1989. B.Sc. Electrical Engineering class was started in November 1997. Information Technology Centre was established in July 1999. BS and MSc. Telecommunication System was started in January 2004. B.Sc. Mechanical, Computer, Textile, Agricultural and Architectural Engineering classes were started in fall 2004.
All degrees awarded by the university are recognized by Higher Education Commission of Pakistan (HEC), engineering degrees by Pakistan Engineering Council and pharmacy degrees by Pakistan Pharmacy Council also.
Location
The university is 10 km from the city centre. The main campus is spread over 960 acres. Its back gate is 6 km from 'Chowk Kamharanwala'.
Jurisdiction and sub-campuses
The main objective of Bahauddin Zakariya University is to provide facilities of higher education and research to the population of the southern region of the Punjab, covering the Civil Administrative Divisions of Multan and Dera Ghazi Khan. The university fulfills the triple function of teaching, affiliation and an examining body, and has 79 affiliated colleges which include old and prestigious institutions such as the Government Emerson College Multan, Government Post Graduate College (Sahiwal) and Government College, Burewala. This university has sub-campuses in Sahiwal, Layyah and Dera Ghazi Khan.
Student admissions
Student admissions usually take place in August and September for the fall semester. M.Phil. degree and distance learning programs have admissions in January and February for the spring semester. Some of the departments require GAT and some have their own testing criteria. Engineering admissions is on merits. Students are given seats on merit basis by taking tests and the departments which do not take tests of the students such as for undergraduate degree they are then provided with admission on their numbers of their intermediate and other academic basis.
Academic departments
Faculty of Arts and Social Sciences
School of Economics
Department of Education
Institute of Social Sciences
Department of Criminology
Department of History
Department of Gender Studies
Department of Pakistan Studies
Department of Geography
Department of Political Science
Department of Inter personal Relations
Department of Communication Studies
Department of Sociology
Department of Applied Psychology
Department of Philosophy
Department of Sports Sciences
Multan College of Arts
Faculty of Science
Institute of Chemical Sciences
Centre for Advanced Studies in Pure and Applied Mathematics
Department of Computer Science
Department of Information Technology
Department of Telecommunication Systems
Department of Physics
Department of Statistics
Institute of Pure and Applied Biology
Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology
Department of Biochemistry
Department of Environmental Sciences
Faculty of Islamic Studies and Languages
Department of Arabic
Department of English
Department of Islamic Studies
Islamic Research Centre (IRC)
Department of Urdu
Saraiki Area Study Centre (SASC)
Seerat Chair
Faculty of Commerce, Law and Business Administration
Institute of Management Sciences (IMS)
Alfalah Institute of Banking and Finance (AIBF)
Department of Commerce
Gillani Law College
Faculty of Pharmacy
Department of Pharmacy
Faculty of Veterinary Sciences
Department of Pathobiology
Department of Biosciences
Department of Clinical Sciences
Department of Livestock and Poultry Productions
Faculty of Engineering and Technology
University College of Engineering and Technology
Department of Civil Engineering
Department Of Electrical Engineering
Department of Mechanical Engineering.
Department of Building and Architectural Engineering
Department of Computer Engineering
Bahauddin Zakariya University College of Textile Engineering
Institute of Advanced Materials
Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology
Formerly it was called UCA means "University College of Agriculture" and now it is called FAST (Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Technology).
FAST provides 8 Major subjects for specialization after 2 year but for evening program only four.
Department of Soil Science
Department of Agronomy
Department of Entomology
Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics
Department of Plant Pathology
Department of Horticulture
Department of Forestry and Range Management
Institute of Food Science and Nutrition
Department of Agri. Business and Marketing
Department of Agricultural Engineering
In order to improve the academic facilities of remote areas, former governor of Punjab Lt General (Rtd) Khalid Maqbool opened sub-campuses of public sector universities with a vision to transform them into independent universities in future. Up till now, the following sub-campuses of Bahauddin Zakariya University have been opened:
BZU Sub-Campus, D.G Khan (upgraded as Ghazi University from Fall 2014)
BZU Sub-Campus, Sahiwal (upgraded as University of Sahiwal from Fall 2016)
BZU Sub-Campus, Layyah
BZU Sub-Campus, Vehari
BZU Sub-Campus, Lodhran
Hostels
The following are the hostels accommodating students:
For boys
Abubaker Hall
Umar Hall
Usman Hall
Ali Hall
Hamza Hall
Qasim Hall
Mohsin Hall
Abdul Sattar Edhi Hall
For girls
Fatima Hall
Marium Hall
Ayesha Hall
Aamina Hall
Zainab Hall
Khadija Hall
Hajira Hall
Staff hiring
Advertisements are placed in the prominent newspapers. The shortlisted candidates are invited for interview by selection board.
Notable alumni
Rubina Feroze Bhatti - human rights activist
Sardar Usman Buzdar - Chief Minister Punjab
Saima Akram Chaudhry - Novel, Drama Writer (Suno Chanda)
Gharida Farooqi - News Anchor
Abida Hussain- Former Minister Food and Agriculture
Rauf Kalasra - Investigation Journalist
Zafarullah Khan – lawyer
Muhammad Imran Qadir – pharmacologist
References
External links
Educational institutions established in 1975
1975 establishments in Pakistan
Public universities and colleges in Punjab, Pakistan
Universities and colleges in Multan |
5391473 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tamil%20Brahmin | Tamil Brahmin | Tamil Brahmins are an ethnoreligious community of Tamil-speaking Hindu Brahmins, predominantly living in Tamil Nadu, though they number significantly in Telangana, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala, Karnataka, in addition to other regions of India as well as Sri Lanka. They can be broadly divided into two denominations: Iyengars, who are adherents of Sri Vaishnavism, and Iyers, who follow the Srauta and Smartha traditions.
Groups
Tamil Brahmins are divided into two major groups: Iyers, who follow the Smartha tradition, and Iyengars, who adhere to the tradition of Vaishnavism.
Iyer
Iyers are Srauta-Smartha Brahmins, whose members follow the Advaita philosophy propounded by Adi Shankara. They are concentrated mainly along the Cauvery Delta districts of Nagapattinam, Thanjavur, Tiruvarur and Tiruchirapalli where they form almost 10% of the total population. However the largest population reside in Nagercoil, making up to 13% of the city's population. They are also found in significant numbers in Chennai, Coimbatore, Madurai, Thiruchirappalli, Thanjavur, Palakkad, Alappuzha, Kozhikode, Ernakulam, Kannur, and Thiruvananthapuram.
Iyengar
The Iyengars practise the Visishtadvaita philosophy propounded by Sri Ramanuja. They are divided into two denominations: Vadakalai (Northern art) and Tenkalai (Southern art), each with minor differences in religious rites and traditions. They adhere to the tradition of Sri Vaishnavism.
Adi Saivas or Gurukkal
The original, pre-Bhakti era Tamil Brahmins who serve as priests in temples in the Shaivite tradition and perform poojas are a distinct caste. These priests are called "bhattar" in the Pandya regions of Tamil Nadu and "gurukkal" in the northern ones. In Kongu Nadu, they are called Adi Saivas or the Sivacharyas. They follow the agamas more than the Vedas.
Notable people
Sage Agastya, revered Indian sage of Hinduism, Tamil Siddhar in the Shaivism tradition, and author of Agattiyam, an early grammar of the Tamil language
Viswanathan Anand, Indian Chess Grandmaster
Rukmini Devi Arundale, Classical Bharata Natyam dancer, theosophist, choreographer and an activist for animal welfare.
Ravichandran Ashwin, Indian cricketer
Indra Nooyi, Former CEO of PepsiCo
K. Balachander, Indian filmmaker and playwright
Maadhu Balaji, Indian actor
Subramania Bharati, Indian independence activist and poet
Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, Nobel Prize-winning astrophysicist
Seetha Doraiswamy, Carnatic multi-instrumentalist
Gemini Ganesan, Indian actor
Shyamala Gopalan, biomedical scientist, Mother of U.S. Vice President Kamala Harris
Kamal Haasan, Indian actor
K. S. Krishnan, Indian physicist, co-discoverer of the Raman scattering for which C. V. Raman was awarded the 1930 Nobel Prize
Alladi Krishnaswamy Iyer, Indian lawyer and member of the Constituent Assembly of India responsible for framing the Constitution of India
Alladi Ramakrishnan, Indian physicist and founder of the Institute of Mathematical Sciences (Matscience) in Chennai
Nirmala Sitharaman - Current Finance Minister of India, Bharatiya Janata party.
Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer, Indian Carnatic vocalist
Shreyas Iyer, Indian cricketer
Tirukkodikaval Krishna Iyer, Carnatic Violinist
U. V. Swaminatha Iyer, Tamil scholar and researcher
Venkatesh Iyer, Indian cricketer
J. Jayalalithaa, politician (Former Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu), Indian actress
Ramya Krishnan, Indian actress
Kasthuri, Indian actress
S. Srinivasan, Indian aeronautical engineer
Janani Iyer, Indian actress
Trisha Krishnan, Indian actress
Padma Lakshmi, Indian American author, activist, model, and television host
R. Madhavan, Indian actor
Hema Malini, Indian actress
Crazy Mohan, Indian actor
Venniradai Moorthy, Indian actor
T. S. B. K. Moulee, Indian actor
Iravatham Mahadevan, Indian epigraphist and civil servant
Shankar Mahadevan, Indian Singer and Composer
Nachinarkiniyar, medieval Tamil scholar and commentator of the Tolkāppiyam, Pattuppāṭṭu, Kaliththokai, Kuṟuntokai and Civaka Cintamani
Nambi Narayanan, Indian aerospace engineer
Paridhiyaar, medieval Tamil scholar and Kural commentator
Parimelalhagar, medieval Tamil scholar and Kural commentator
Sundar Pichai, CEO of Alphabet Inc.
C. Rajagopalachari, statesman, politician, Indian independence activist, last Governor-General of India, Former Chief Minister of Madras State
Venki Ramakrishnan, Nobel Prize-winning structural biologist
C. V. Raman, Nobel Prize-winning physicist
Srinivasa Ramanujan, Indian mathematician
Cho Ramaswamy, Indian actor
C. S. Seshadri, mathematician.
Krishnamachari Srikkanth, Indian cricketer
Padma Subrahmanyam, Classical Bharata Natyam dancer
Subramanian Swamy, Indian politician, economist and statistician
Tolkappiyar, earliest known author and grammarian in Tamil language
Vaali, Indian poet and Lyricist
S. R. Srinivasa Varadhan, mathematician and Abel Prize laureate
Vyjayanthimala, Indian actress
See also
Caste system in India
Gotra
Vedic priesthood
List of Brahmins
List of Iyengars
References
Brahmin communities
Tamil Brahmins
Brahmin communities across India
Social groups of Tamil Nadu |
5391476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20George%27s%20Grammar%20School%20%28Cape%20Town%29 | St. George's Grammar School (Cape Town) | St. George's Grammar School is a private co-educational day school located in Mowbray, a suburb of Cape Town, South Africa. It was historically the cathedral school attached to St. George's Cathedral, having been founded in 1848 by Robert Gray, the first Anglican Bishop of Cape Town. St. George's claims to be the oldest independent school in South Africa.
Notable staff
Barry Smith
Notable alumni
William Carlsson (1892–1916), first-class cricketer
Michael Brimer (OG 1947) (born 8 August 1933) is a pianist, organist, conductor, composer, musicologist, and academic.
Jack Plimsoll (OG 1935), was a South African cricketer who played in one Test in 1947, against England in Manchester.
Roy Clare (OG 1966), Royal Navy admiral
Sir Nigel Hawthorne, English actor
Christopher Steytler (OG 1966), Former Judge of the Supreme Court of Western Australia and President of the Court of appeal
Nicholas Pike (OG 1973), a Hollywood composer in film and television
Rick Turner (OG 1959) (25 September 1941, in Stellenbosch – 8 January 1978, in Durban), a South African academic and anti-apartheid activist who was very probably assassinated by the apartheid state in 1978. Nelson Mandela described Turner "as a source of inspiration".
Clive Scott (OG 1955) (4 July 1937 – 28 July 2021) was a South African radio, film, television and theatre actor and director best known for his performances in the TV soap operas, The Villagers and Isidingo.
References
External links
Private schools in the Western Cape
Anglican schools in South Africa
Schools in Cape Town
Educational institutions established in 1848
1848 establishments in the Cape Colony |
5391477 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Langdon-Brown | Walter Langdon-Brown | Sir Walter Langdon-Brown (13 August 1870 – 3 October 1946) was a British medical doctor and writer.
Biography
He was born in Bedford, the son of the Rev. John Brown of Bunyan's Chapel, Bedford and his wife, Ada Haydon Ford (1837–1929). His mother was a niece of John Langdon Down, describer of Down syndrome. His sister was Florence Ada Keynes, the social reformer, wife of John Neville Keynes and mother of John Maynard Keynes (see Keynes family).
He was educated at Bedford School and St. John's College, Cambridge. He served as an army doctor in the Second Boer War and World War I. He worked at St Bartholomew's Hospital with Samuel Gee, and later at the Metropolitan Free Hospital, London.
He was the author of a number of medical textbooks, a lecturer at the Royal College of Physicians, and went on to become Regius Professor of Physic at the University of Cambridge. He was knighted on his retirement in 1935.
The Langdon-Brown lectureship at the Royal College of Physicians was founded in his memory in 1950 by a gift from his second wife, Lady Freda Langdon-Brown.
Selected publications
The Practitioner's Encyclopaedia of Medical Treatment (with J. Keogh Murphy, 1915)
Physiological Principles in Treatment (1915)
The Sympathetic Nervous System in Disease (1920)
References
External links
1870 births
1946 deaths
20th-century English medical doctors
Regius Professors of Physic (Cambridge)
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Knights Bachelor
People educated at Bedford School
Presidents of the History of Medicine Society |
5391489 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yordanov | Yordanov | Yordanov () (masculine) or Yordanova (feminine) is one of the most popular surnames in Bulgaria. People commonly known by their family name Yordanov include:
Ivaylo Yordanov, Bulgarian football player
Nedyalko Yordanov, Bulgarian poet
Valentin Yordanov, Bulgarian sport wrestler
Bulgarian-language surnames |
5391497 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uis | Uis | Uis is a settlement located in Erongo Region, Namibia. It belongs to the Dâures electoral constituency. Located in the former Damaraland, it is known for the local mineral wealth. The settlement was established in 1958 as workers' settlement to exploit local tin deposits. It has approximately 3,600 inhabitants and, before being downgraded from "village" to "settlement" in 2010, owned of land.
Uis is located at the foot of the Brandberg, Namibia's highest mountain. The Brandberg is home to the world famous The White Lady rock painting, said by some to be over 20,000 years old. Being also situated on the C36, the main road between the coast and the Damaraland interior there is reasonable amount of traffic, by far the main source of economic activity in Uis. The settlement holds a small supermarket, guesthouses and a restcamp, a bakery and a petrol station, together with a few other small shops. The ephemeral Uis River, a tributary to the Ugab River, passes the settlement.
Uis is home to the Brandberg Primary School and Petrus ǃGaneb Secondary School, both for about 300 learners. Petrus Ganeb SS was built before Namibian independence; its facilities are old and dilapidated.
Uis mine
Tin has been mined in the Uis region since 1922. Uis Tin Mining Company was established in 1951 and a settlement was developed in 1958 as a mine workers' residence when ISCOR, a South African mining company, started operations there and increased production. However, the ore grade at Uis is very low, and the mine, at its time the largest open-cast tin mine in the world, was viable only because South Africa, to which the territory was mandated, was economically isolated and could not buy tin on the world market. When apartheid was abolished and international sanctions were lifted the mine was no longer competitive. In 1991, the main mining operation closed down because the price of tin dropped far enough to make it un-economical.
There was still minimal work progressing on the mine site. Technology had improved enough to make it worthwhile to re-process the already excavated ore that was originally discarded and there is a tiny re-processing plant located near the old mine dumps. This ore is processed to an enriched state and then taken to Walvis Bay for export. In the 2010s investments and work started again at the old mine; Today successful production is dependent on a high world market price.
The mine and the surrounding settlement are situated on the farm Uis Townlands No. 215 and today in private hands. The white mine spoils are visible from afar. Since 1995 Namib Base Minerals Pty Ltd is the owner, after a subsidiary of ISCOR sold it.
Uis still produces rare rocks and minerals. Namibia is well known as a mineral rich country and geologists come from all over the world to study in Namibia because much of the interesting geology and rare rocks are situated at ground level rather than on top of mountains or deep underground.
Uis is in danger of becoming a ghost town if mining cannot be continued. Uis was downgraded to "settlement" status in 2010.
References
Mining in Namibia
Populated places in the Erongo Region
Populated places established in 1958
1958 establishments in South West Africa |
5391502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sclerorhynchus | Sclerorhynchus | Sclerorhynchus (from , 'hard' and 'snout') is an extinct genus of ganopristid sclerorhynchoid that lived during the Late Cretaceous. The genus Ganopristis is considered a junior synonym of Sclerorhynchus. It was a widespread genus, with fossils found in the Middle East (S. atavus, S. karakensis), North Africa (S. leptodon), Europe (S. leptodon), and North America (S. fanninensis, S. pettersi, S. priscus). While it had a long rostrum with large denticles similar to sawfishes and sawsharks, its closest living relatives are actually skates. Complete specimens of S. atavus show that its fin arrangement was similar to skates, with the pectoral and pelvic fins touching, both dorsal fins located behind the pelvic fins, and a reduced caudal fin.
References
Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera
Cretaceous cartilaginous fish
Prehistoric fish of Africa
Late Cretaceous fish of North America
Taxa named by Arthur Smith Woodward |
5391506 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Price%20Is%20Right%20%281956%20American%20game%20show%29 | The Price Is Right (1956 American game show) | The Price Is Right is an American game show produced by Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions, wherein contestants placed successive bids on merchandise prizes with the goal of bidding closest to each prize's actual retail price without surpassing it. The show was a precursor to the current and best-known version of the program, which premiered in 1972 on CBS's daytime schedule. It makes The Price Is Right one of only a few game show franchises to have aired in some form across all three of the Big Three television networks.
The series, hosted by Bill Cullen, premiered on NBC's daytime schedule on November 26, 1956, and quickly spawned a primetime series that aired once a week. The Price Is Right became one of the few game shows to survive the rigging scandals of the late 1950s, gaining even more popularity after other game shows exposed for being rigged had been canceled.
The show was sponsored primarily throughout its run by Unilever, then known as Lever Brothers Corporation, and the specific products that were often featured were Imperial margarine, Wisk laundry detergent, Handy Andy liquid cleaner, and Dove bath and beauty bar.
The four contestants of the week would usually receive a complimentary supply of Dove beauty bars.
An alternate sponsor was Speidel watchbands, notably their then-new Twist-O-Flex bands.
In 1963, The Price Is Right switched networks and both the daytime and primetime series moved to ABC. On September 3, 1965, the show aired its final episode after nearly nine years on the air.
Game play
On the original version of The Price Is Right, four contestants – one a returning champion, the other three chosen from the studio audience – bid on items or ensembles of items in an auction-style format.
A prize was presented for the contestants to bid on. A minimum bid was specified. After the opening bid, contestants bid on the item in turn with each successive bid a certain amount higher than the previous bid. A contestant could freeze his/her current bid instead of increasing it if he/she believed his/her bid was close enough to win. A later rule allowed contestants, on their opening bid only, to "underbid" the other bids, but it automatically froze their bid and prevented them from later increasing the original bid. Some rounds were designated as "one-bid" rounds, where only one round of bidding was held (the format used on the current version of The Price is Right); sometimes the minimum-bid and higher-bid threshold rules also were waived.
Other than in one-bid rounds, the bidding continued until a buzzer sounded, at which point each contestant who had not yet "frozen" was given one final bid. Bidding also ended when three of the contestants had frozen, at which point the fourth contestant was allowed one final bid unless he/she already had the high bid. Cullen then read the actual retail price of the prize. The contestant whose bid was closest without going over the actual price won the item. If everyone overbid, the prize was not won; however, Cullen sometimes had the overbids erased and instructed players to give lower bids prior to reading the actual price (similar to what is done on the current CBS version and its syndicated spinoffs).
After most one-bid rounds, a bonus game was played, in which the winner of the one-bid prize would play a random game (such as wordplay or tune-matching) for additional prizes.
After a set number of rounds (four on the nighttime version, six on the daytime), the contestant who accumulated the highest value in cash and prizes became the champion and returned on the next show.
Home Viewer Showcases
The Price Is Right frequently featured a home viewer "Showcase", a multi-prize package for which home viewers were invited to submit their bids via postcard. The viewer who was closest to the actual retail price without going over won everything in the Showcase, but one item was sometimes handmade so the viewer could not check the price of all the items. The term "showcase" was later replaced by "sweepstakes".
Very often, home viewers were stunningly accurate with their bids, including several viewers who guessed the price correct down to the penny. In such a case, the tied contestants originally were informed via telegram and asked to give the price of a specific item and continuing until one broke the tie. Re-ties and all-overbids were thrown out. By the time of the ABC run, the tiebreaker changed so that the person who was first to send in the correct bid won the prize.
Home Viewer Showcases have also been featured on the CBS version, in 1972, 1978, annually from 1980–1987, 1990, and in 2011. Its format was unchanged through 1990, but the 2011 version, because of the advance in technology, changed to a ten-prizes-in-a-week format, with two prizes appearing per episode during the week. Each day the price of one of the prizes was revealed to the home audience, and the price of the second prize (which was in either of the two Showcases) was not provided. Instead of postcards, the bids had to be submitted through the show's website.
Prizes
While many of the prizes on the original Price Is Right were normal, standard game show fare (e.g., furniture, appliances, home electronics, furs, trips, and cars), there were many instances of outlandish prizes being offered. It was particularly true of the nighttime version, which had a larger prize budget.
Some examples:
A 1926 Rolls-Royce with chauffeur
A Ferris wheel
Shares of corporate stock
An island in the St. Lawrence Seaway
A Piper Caribbean airplane
A submarine
Sometimes, large amounts of food – such as a mile of hot dogs along with buns and enough condiments (perhaps to go with a barbecue pit) – were offered as the bonus.
Some other examples of outlandish or "exceptionally unique" bonus prizes:
Accompanying a color TV, a live peacock (a play on the NBC logo) to serve as a "color guide"
Accompanying a barbecue pit and the usual accessories, a live Angus steer
Accompanying a prize package of items needed to throw a backyard party, big band legend Woody Herman and His Orchestra
Accompanying a raccoon coat worth $29.95, a sable coat valued at $23,000
A bonus prize of a 16'x32' in-ground swimming pool, installed in the winner's back yard in one day's time
A bonus prize of a trip to Israel to appear as an extra in the 1960 film Exodus
In the early 1960s, the dynamic of the national economy was such that the nighttime show could offer homes in new subdivisions (sometimes fully furnished) as prizes, often with suspenseful bidding among the contestants.
In the last two seasons of the nighttime run, the series gave away small business franchises.
In some events, the outlandish prizes were merely for show; for instance, in one episode contestants bid on the original retail price for a 1920s car, but instead won a more contemporary model.
History
The Price Is Right was created and produced by Bob Stewart for Mark Goodson–Bill Todman Productions. Stewart already had created one hit series for Goodson-Todman, To Tell the Truth and he later created the enormously successful Password. In 1964, Stewart left Goodson-Todman to strike out on his own as a producer. (Frank Wayne, who later served as executive producer for the Barker version of The Price Is Right, took over Stewart's Password producer duties.)
Bob Stewart attributes the creation of The Price Is Right to watching an auctioneer from his office window in New York City, auctioning off various merchandise items.
In 1959, shortly after the quiz show scandal broke, most game and quiz shows lost their popularity rapidly and were canceled. The Price Is Right was an exception; Goodson and Todman had built a squeaky-clean reputation upon relatively low-stakes games. Thus, as the more popular competition was eliminated, The Price Is Right became the most-watched game show in the country, and remained so for two years.
ABC
When the series moved to ABC in 1963, three studio contestants – including the returning champion – played. The fourth chair was filled by a celebrity who played for either a studio audience member or a home viewer. If the celebrity was the big winner of the show, the civilian contestant who had the most winnings was considered the champion; it is unknown what would have happened in the event of a shut-out with the celebrity winning.
As Don Pardo was still under contract at NBC, he was replaced by Johnny Gilbert. Coincidentally, both Pardo and Gilbert also had long runs as announcers for another game show, Jeopardy!
When the show moved to ABC, several CBS affiliates took up ABC secondary affiliation to show The Price Is Right (especially if its market lacked full ABC affiliation), in part because of the still-high ratings the show enjoyed in daytime.
Goodson-Todman wanted The Price Is Right to be ABC's first non-cartoon color show, but the network could not afford to convert to color. This meant that the nighttime version reverted to black-and-white.
Afterward
After the success of The Price Is Right, To Tell the Truth, and Password, producer Stewart left Goodson-Todman in 1964. Stewart's follow-up to The Price Is Right, his first independent production, was The Face Is Familar with Jack Whitaker as host. Later, Stewart created other successful shows such as Eye Guess, a sight-and-memory game with Bill Cullen as host, Jackpot! and The $10,000, $20,000, $25,000 Pyramid.
In 1972, Goodson-Todman proposed a reformatted version of the game. In the new version of the game, the auction rounds were eliminated, with every round becoming a one-bid round. The bonus games were reformatted as pricing games, as most involve the pricing of either the prize itself, grocery items, or small prizes under $100. Each winning bidder was removed from the game and replaced with another contestant, all of whom were drawn from the studio audience. A new round, borrowing the Showcase name, brought back the two biggest winners to bid on their own three-prize package, with the top winner choosing to either bid or pass on the first showcase in hopes of a better deal on the second. The pricing games, contestants from the audience, and the bid-or-pass on prizes hidden behind doors were all previously used on another hit game show of the era, Let's Make a Deal, and Goodson-Todman's first choice of host for The New Price Is Right, Dennis James, was Let's Make a Deal's regular guest host at the time. James would end up hosting five weekly seasons of The New Price Is Right in first-run syndication; when CBS picked up the show for daytime, it insisted that the show be hosted by Bob Barker, who hosted 35 seasons of daily episodes (plus three seasons of weekly syndicated episodes after James's retirement and several prime-time specials) until his retirement in 2007, after which comedian Drew Carey assumed hosting duties. Further alterations to the format were made in 1975 when the show expanded to a "fabulous 60-minute" time slot. Various other versions of The Price Is Right have aired over the course of American television history, including a daily syndicated version hosted by Tom Kennedy in 1985 and a radically altered version hosted by Doug Davidson in 1994; the latter was notable for eliminating the central conceit from the original series of bidding on prizes. Counting all incarnations, The Price Is Right has aired for more hours than any other nationwide game show in American television history.
Paul Alter, who directed the original version of the show, became the director of the current version in 1986, replacing Marc Breslow, who had been in that role since its start in 1972; he continued to hold the position until 2000.
Origin
The show originated from NBC's Hudson Theatre in New York City, also home to The Tonight Show and other NBC shows with a studio audience. A year later, after Abraham Hirschfeld bought the Hudson Theatre, the show moved to NBC's Colonial Theater at 66th and Broadway, with the Ziegfeld Theater used for a few shows as well. When the show moved to ABC, the Ritz Theater became the show's broadcast origination.
In addition to his hosting duties on The Price Is Right and his weekly appearances as a panelist on I've Got a Secret, Cullen also hosted a popular weekday morning radio show for WNBC in New York.
Substitute hosts
Over the nine-year run, various people sat in Cullen's place while he was on vacation.
Sonny Fox (June 10, 1957; first substitute host; he was also Bud Collyer's "designated" substitute host on Beat the Clock through 1960; it went off the air at the end of January, 1961)
Sam Levenson (March 11, 1958– for 2 weeks)
Merv Griffin (August 5 & 12, 1959 nighttime) – also filled in daytime during those two weeks
Jack Narz (month of May, 1960; Bill's brother-in-law, later that year he began hosting Video Village; his brother Tom Kennedy later hosted a syndicated version of the 1972 The Price Is Right revival during the 1985–86 season.)
Arlene Francis (January 25th, 1961-February 8th, 1961 nighttime & January 25th-February 12th, 1961 daytime episodes)
Bob Kennedy (May 1-12, 1961/June 22, 1961)
Don Pardo (December 31, 1959/December 28, 1962)
Robert Q. Lewis (February 1-12, 1960/December 27, 1963 {Cullen himself was the celebrity guest})
Jack Clark (January 8-15, 1962/April 16-May 7, 1962/August 21-Sepember 3, 1962/December 31, 1962-January 1, 1963/January 22-February 15, 1963/August 12-23, 1963/February 15-March 12, 1965, Dorothy Lamour was the celebrity guest)
Johnny Gilbert (June 19, 1964; Ed Jordan filled in as announcer)
Models
Throughout the nine-year run of The Price Is Right, the show also employed models, whose duties were similar to those of the models in the current version.
June Ferguson and Toni Wallace were the regular models, while Gail Sheldon also made frequent appearances. Ferguson, Wallace and Sheldon were featured during the show's entire nine-year run. Other models appearing included Beverly Bentley and Carolyn Stroupe; various other models either assisted Ferguson and Wallace or appeared during their absences.
Announcers
During the NBC run, Don Pardo was the main announcer. Whenever he was off or filling in for Cullen as host, substitute announcers included Dick Dudley, Vic Roby, Edward Haeffor, Roger Tuttle and Johnny Olson, who would go on to announce the 1972 version until his death in 1985.
Following the move to ABC (due to Don Pardo being under contract to NBC), Johnny Gilbert became the announcer; two fill-ins were Johnny Olson and ABC staff announcer Ed Jordan.
Theme songs
The first theme song (used from 1956–1961) was an arrangement of Charles Strouse's "Sixth Finger Tune", originally written for Milton Scott Michel's 1956 play Sixth Finger in a Five Finger Glove.
The second theme song (used from 1961–1965) was called Window Shopping and was composed by Robert Cobert. This theme was later used on another Goodson-Todman game, Snap Judgment, and later found its way back to Bob Stewart's stable with the short-lived game You're Putting Me On.
Episode status
Although The Price Is Right became Goodson-Todman's first regularly aired game show to be broadcast in color on September 23, 1957, no color kinescopes or videotapes are known to exist from the nighttime run.
Many monochrome NBC nighttime episodes (plus at least one ABC episode) aired on Game Show Network from 1996–2000, at which time the network's contract to air the show ended; it has not been renewed since. The 1961 episode hosted by Francis aired on Buzzr on March 8, 2019 as an homage to International Women's Day; Buzzr added the program to its weekend lineup in September 2019, with its package also including episodes hosted by Merv Griffin.
Most of the daytime run is believed to be wiped; the UCLA Film and Television Archive lists the first and third episodes from 1956 among its holdings. A few NBC daytime episodes with commercials intact, originally broadcast in the late spring/early summer of 1957, have been around the "collector's circuit." They are now available for viewing on YouTube.
Home media
Four episodes, including the 1964 nighttime finale, were released on "The Best of The Price is Right" DVD set (March 25, 2008). Despite pre-release assumptions that each of the four unique runs would be represented, as it was announced that there would be four Cullen episodes, none were of the ABC daytime run despite the existence of episodes from that era; a second NBC prime time episode instead filled that slot.
Many noticed that the four Cullen episodes lacked commercials, as well as the fact that all three NBC episodes had already been spotted prior to the DVD release. Both NBC primetime episodes (January 13 and 27, 1960) had aired on GSN before, while the daytime episode (February 21, 1957) had been available in the public domain for several years; the daytime episode is notable for not only missing its opening, but for Cullen promoting Charles Van Doren's match against Vivienne Nearing on Twenty One – which eventually led to Van Doren's defeat.
The Fremantle logo animation was added after each episode, as the production company currently owns all Mark Goodson properties.
The episode listing included with the DVD set states the daytime episode aired March 10, 1957 and the ABC episode aired September 4, 1964 (with guest Jose Ferrer); however, the former actually aired on February 21, 1957 and the latter is not actually present on the DVD set but had been aired by GSN. The 1964 finale featured Pat Carroll as the celebrity player, and the night's champion was invited back to appear on the following Monday's daytime episode.
Popular culture
In a 1962 episode of The Flintstones, Barney is invited to be a contestant on "The Prize is Priced", a parody of The Price is Right. When it's his turn to bid, Barney says "I'll just put in my two cents, and--" but before he's able to give his actual bid, his "bid" of two cents is locked in. (Season 2, episode 29, "Divided We Sail", original airdate April 6, 1962.)
References
External links
1956 American television series debuts
1965 American television series endings
American Broadcasting Company original programming
1950s American game shows
1960s American game shows
American game shows
Black-and-white American television shows
English-language television shows
NBC original programming
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television series by Mark Goodson-Bill Todman Productions
The Price Is Right |
5391514 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stocker%20Brook | Stocker Brook | Stocker Brook is a stream located in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the North Branch of the Sugar River, part of the Connecticut River and Long Island Sound drainage basin.
The brook begins at Cranberry Pond in the town of Croydon, New Hampshire, and flows north, through Stocker Pond, to a junction with Bog Brook in the town of Grantham. The brook turns west, passes the small village of East Grantham, and reaches the North Branch of the Sugar River after another mile, at the main village of Grantham. Stocker Brook is subject to the New Hampshire Comprehensive Shoreland Protection Act for the portion downstream of Bog Brook.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire |
3998912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2005 Australian Open – Men's singles | Marat Safin defeated Lleyton Hewitt in the final, 1–6, 6–3, 6–4, 6–4 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2005 Australian Open. It was his second and last major title, having also won the 2000 US Open. Hewitt was the first Australian to reach the final since Pat Cash in 1988.
Roger Federer was the defending champion, but lost in the semifinals to Safin in a rematch of the previous year's final. Despite holding a match point in the fourth set, Federer's loss ended a 26-match winning streak starting from the 2004 US Open.
The final attracted many viewers in Australia (primarily due to the presence of countryman Hewitt), averaging 4.05 million viewers. The viewing audience remains one of the highest in Australian history. The match was broadcast in the host nation by host broadcaster the Seven Network with commentators Bruce McAvaney and two-time champion Jim Courier (in his first commentating appearance).
This tournament was the first major in which future nine-time Australian Open champion Novak Djokovic competed in the main draw (lost to Safin in the first round), and the last Australian Open where four-time champion Andre Agassi competed in the main draw. Future 22-time major champion Rafael Nadal advanced beyond the third round of a major for the first time, losing to Hewitt in the fourth round. It was also the last major in which neither Djokovic, Federer, nor Nadal reached the final until the 2014 US Open, a span of 38 events.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Other entry information
Wild cards
Protected ranking
Qualifiers
Lucky losers
Withdrawals
References
External links
Association of Tennis Professionals (ATP) – 2005 Australian Open Men's Singles draw
2005 Australian Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Mens singles
Australian Open (tennis) by year – Men's singles |
5391517 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201928%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1928 Winter Olympics | At the 1928 Winter Olympics one individual Nordic combined event was contested. It was held on Friday, February 17, 1928 (cross-country skiing) and on Saturday, February 18, 1928 (ski jumping). Unlike today the ski jump was the last event held. Both events were also individual medal events.
Medalists
Results
Final standings
Participating nations
A total of 35 Nordic combined skiers from 14 nations competed at the St. Moritz Games:
References
External links
International Olympic Committee results database
Official Official Olympic Report
sports-reference
1928 Winter Olympics events
1928
1928 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Switzerland
Men's events at the 1928 Winter Olympics |
3998922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thalassomedon | Thalassomedon | Thalassomedon (from Greek, thalassa, "sea" and Greek, medon, "lord" or "ruler", meaning "sea lord") is a genus of plesiosaur, named by Welles in 1943.
Description
Thalassomedon is among the largest elasmosaurids, with a total length of for the holotype. There is a larger skull, however, suggesting a much larger animal, potentially up to . The neck is also very long; it comprises 62 vertebrae and is about - over half of the total length. The skull is long, with long teeth. The flippers were about long. Stones have been found in its stomach area leading some to theorize that they were used for ballast or digestion. If the latter, stomach action would cause the stones to help grind ingested food.
Discovery
This genus of plesiosaur lived in North America, approximately 95 million years ago - this places it during the Cenomanian stage. Its closest relative is Elasmosaurus, and both belong to the family Elasmosauridae. There are six specimens of varying states of preservation on display at various museums in the United States.
See also
List of plesiosaur genera
Timeline of plesiosaur research
References
External links
The skeleton
About plesiosaurs
More of the skeleton
Late Cretaceous plesiosaurs of North America
Elasmosaurids
Fossil taxa described in 1943
Taxa named by Samuel Paul Welles
Sauropterygian genera |
5391522 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Pipgras | George Pipgras | George William Pipgras (December 20, 1899 – October 19, 1986) was an American right-handed starting pitcher and umpire in Major League Baseball.
Known as "The Danish Viking", he spent most of his playing career with the New York Yankees, breaking in as a rookie in 1923. He spent the 1925 and 1926 seasons in the minor leagues, and became a starter in the rotation for the first time with the legendary team. Pipgras lead the American League in wins with a 24–13, 3.38 ERA record for the following year's 1928 repeat champions.
After ending his 11-year career with the Boston Red Sox, he became an AL umpire from 1938 to 1946, and was the umpire behind the plate in one of baseball's most dramatic wins ever: on September 30, 1945, at Sportsman's Park in St. Louis, when Hank Greenberg hit a ninth-inning grand slam, after Pipgras suggested to Greenberg the game should be called on account of darkness. However, Greenberg convinced him he could still see the ball, so the game proceeded. The next pitch was hit over the fence and the Detroit Tigers went on to win the pennant and eventually the 1945 World Series over the Chicago Cubs 4–3 in 7 games.
His younger brother Ed pitched briefly for the 1932 Brooklyn Dodgers.
Pitching career
Pipgras was born in Ida Grove, Iowa, and served in World War I with the 25th Army Engineers.
He started his major league career with the Yankees in the season after being acquired from the Red Sox, making 17 appearances in his first two years. After returning to the minor leagues for two more years, he earned a place in the starting rotation in 1927, posting a 10–3 record for the team still considered by many to be the greatest ever, and winning Game 2 of the 1927 World Series against the Pittsburgh Pirates. In he led AL pitchers in wins with a 24–13 record, and also in games started (38) and innings pitched (300), while finishing second in strikeouts (139); he followed up with another Game 2 victory in the 1928 World Series against the St. Louis Cardinals as New York swept the NL champions for the second straight year. He was 18–12 as the Yankees slipped to second place in 1929, and 15–15 in 1930 with an AL-leading 3 shutouts. After a 7–6 season in 1931, he bounced back with a 16–7 mark for the AL champions, and again won his World Series start in Game 3 as the Yankees swept the Chicago Cubs. In that game, Babe Ruth and Lou Gehrig each hit a pair of home runs, including Ruth's renowned "Called Shot." In May 1933, Pipgras' contract was sold back to the Red Sox, and he was 9–8 for the team that year before making a handful of appearances in 1934 and . In an eleven-season career, he posted a 102–73 record with 714 strikeouts and a 4.09 earned run average in 1488 innings.
Umpire and scout
In 1938 Pipgras joined the American League umpiring staff. On Opening Day at Yankee Stadium on April 20, , Pipgras worked as the third base umpire during a Red Sox-Yankees contest. The historic box score included the names of future Hall of Famers Joe Cronin, Bill Dickey, Joe DiMaggio, Bobby Doerr, Jimmie Foxx, Lefty Grove, Red Ruffing, Lou Gehrig, Joe Gordon and prize rookie Ted Williams as well. Pipgras was the starting pitcher for the Yankees in 1929's Opening Day, and his opponent for the Red Sox that day was Ruffing. According to historians, the unusual feat set by Pipgras is a case unique in major league history. He went on to umpire in the 1944 World Series, as well as the 1940 All-Star Game; he was the home plate umpire for Dick Fowler's no-hitter on September 9, . He also worked as a scout for the Red Sox.
Death
Pipgras died in Gainesville, Florida at the age of 86. He was survived by his wife, Mattie Mae, who died in 2013 at the age of 99.
See also
List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
Further reading
Honig, Donald (1975) Baseball When the Grass Was Real: Baseball from the Twenties to the Forties Told by the Men Who Played It. New York: Coward, McGann & Geoghegan. pp. 126–133. .
External links
Retrosheet
SABR Biography Project
Career highlights Baseball Library
Tampa Tribune obituary The Deadball Era
George Pipgras Oral History Interview - National Baseball Hall of Fame Digital Collection
1899 births
1986 deaths
People from Ida Grove, Iowa
Major League Baseball pitchers
New York Yankees players
Boston Red Sox players
Boston Red Sox scouts
Baseball players from Iowa
American League wins champions
United States Army soldiers
United States Army personnel of World War I
Major League Baseball umpires
Madison Greys players
Charleston Pals players
Atlanta Crackers players
St. Paul Saints (AA) players
Nashville Vols players |
5391526 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casino%20Regina | Casino Regina | Casino Regina is a casino located on Saskatchewan Drive — (formerly South Railway Street) — in Regina, Saskatchewan, Canada. It operates in the city's former union station, a Tyndall and ashlar stone structure completed in 1912. The casino is owned and operated by Sask Gaming.
History
The Beaux-Arts style Union Station was constructed in 1911-12 and was actually Regina's third train station; the first is now a museum in Broadview, Saskatchewan. The station was completed the same year the deadly "Regina Cyclone" struck the city, tearing through Wascana Park and gutting part of the downtown area. The building underwent a major expansion in 1931, and the original façade was redone in a simpler Art Deco style with Tyndall stone. As well, terrazzo floors, marble support columns and plaster molded ceilings where added to the interior.
In the early 1990s, cutbacks to rail services throughout Canada lead to the closure of Regina's Union Station. The Station had been an important part of Regina's history and heritage since its opening in 1912. After the station's closure, its fate remained unknown for several years. Union Station was designated as an official heritage site in 1991.
By 1995, a $37 million construction project began to convert the vacant station into the province's second casino. In 1996, Casino Regina opened.
Description
The building contains old railway police jail cells in the basement that were used for transporting prisoners, and shows evidence of a tunnel representing a system of underground passages said to stretch several blocks east of the casino and south all the way to the stately Hotel Saskatchewan. These tunnels were destroyed during the construction of the Cornwall Centre, a major downtown shopping complex.
Inside, positioned on a wall in the central hall, is a schedule board displaying the arrivals and departures on the day the train station closed back in 1990. The hall itself, formerly the station's main concourse, features a high ceiling with simple chandeliers and a clock near the top of the back wall.
The casino houses some 800 slot machines, 35 table games, and a 9-table poker room. The 800-seat Show Lounge features entertainers, and meals are served in The Union Station and Rail Car restaurants, as well as in the CPR Lounge and VIP Lounge. Regularly scheduled Union Station historic tours are another attraction, as are the nightly LED shows.
Casino Regina is a notable employer in the city, employing 664 people, over fifty percent of whom are Aboriginal.
See also
List of casinos in Canada
References
External links
Canadian Register of Historic Places
Luck and Legacy
Art Deco architecture in Canada
Buildings and structures in Regina, Saskatchewan
Casinos in Saskatchewan
Music venues in Saskatchewan
Disused railway stations in Canada
Beaux-Arts architecture in Canada
Union stations in Canada
Tourist attractions in Regina, Saskatchewan |
5391542 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosedale%2C%20Victoria | Rosedale, Victoria | Rosedale is a pastoral and agricultural town 184 kilometres east of Melbourne via the Princes Highway. It is situated on the southern side of the LaTrobe River. Once a staging post on the Port Albert to Sale and Port Albert to Walhalla coach runs, it was the administrative centre of the Shire of Rosedale which extended to the east and included the Ninety Mile Beach. It is now part of the Wellington Shire centred in Sale. At the , Rosedale had a population of 1,077. The town is in the area of Gippsland explored separately by the Scotsman, Angus McMillan, and the Polish aristocrat, Count Paul von Strzelecki, in 1840. A memorial to McMillan is located in Rosedale, and one to Strzelecki near Traralgon to the west. McMillan named the region Gippsland after Governor Gipps.
History
The earliest European inhabitant in the district is thought to have been a man named Blind Joe who lived in a hut on the Latrobe River and the first sale of 'town lots' in Rosedale, on 20 May 1855, took place there. The town is named after and built near the site of a station owned by David Parry-Okedon, who, in 1843, called his run Rosedale after his wife, Rosalie. The earliest known plan of the township is dated 27 March 1855. It comprised 14 blocks and remains the central layout of the township.
The first brick construction was the Rosedale Hotel in 1858, built by William Allen, who emigrated from London in 1854. He was also responsible for the construction of the Mechanic's Institute, the original school house, the Exchange Hotel, the three churches and Nambrok Homestead. The Rosedale Post Office opened on 8 February 1859. A Police Station followed in 1862.
The first bridge over the LaTrobe River was constructed in 1862. Following disastrous floods in 1934 and 1935, two raised concrete bridges, joined by a central causeway, were constructed over the flood plain in 1937–38. This structure was duplicated as part of the subsequent upgrade of the Princes Highway.
The first school was opened in 1863 and became a Common School in 1865 (later State School Number 770). During the school centenary year, Dr H.C Disher, of 'Strathfieldsaye', who was born at Rosedale and attended the school from 1901 to 1904, established an annual secondary scholarship for a deserving boy and girl. The school was moved to a new location on the western side of the town 1989.
St Mark's Anglican Church was built in 1866, followed by St Andrew's Presbyterian Church in 1869. St Rose of Lima Catholic Church was constructed in 1875.
In 1866, a site was selected for a Mechanic's Institute. The building was opened in 1875.
Rosedale was proclaimed a Road District in February 1869. Two years later, it became the Rosedale Shire Council. It had four areas – Rosedale, Toongabbie, Denison and Traralgon. In 1879, Traralgon became a separate shire.
The Rosedale Railway Station was opened on 1 June 1877, as part of the Morwell to Sale line. It was not until 1879 that the remaining sections from Melbourne to Sale were all completed.
The area was once part of the Holey Plain grazing run, owned by the Curlewis brothers. Edward Crooke, who emigrated to Australia in 1837 and purchased a station at Omeo in the early 1840s, used the run as a holding station for the livestock which he drove to Port Albert for shipment to Van Diemen's Land. He later leased the property and his son built an impressive homestead with a four-tiered tower on the site in 1889. Crooke's descendants still live in the district. Other notable homesteads are Snake's Ridge (now known as The Ridge) on the northern bank of the LaTrobe River, and Nambrok about eight kilometres to the east along the Princes Highway.
A pyneboard factory was opened in 1964 by the Premier of Victoria, Mr Henry Bolte. It operated for some 15 years. The plant was used subsequently as a leather tanning works.
The Rosedale Magistrates' Court closed on 1 July 1981, not having been visited by a Magistrate since 1972.
Sport
The town has a football club in the North Gippsland Football Netball League, previously the North Gippsland Football League. The Club won the Firsts Premiership in 1965, 2001 and 2015. The club previously played the Sale Cowwarr Football League, where the Firsts were Premiers in 1958, 1961 and 1962. The Rosedale Recreation Reserve comprises two ovals and two netball courts. It is the home of the Rosedale Football Club, the Rosedale Netball Club, the Rosedale Kilmany Cricket Club, the Rosedale Junior Football Club and the Rosedale Badminton Club.
The town also has a bowls club, a golf club, a tennis club and a rifle range.
Thoroughbred horse racing was conducted at Rosedale for over a century, with the first-known event held on 13 April 1868. A Rosedale Turf Club was established in 1878. It became the Rosedale Racing Club, which conducted races until 1969. Patrobas, the three-year-old winner of the 1915 Caulfield Guineas, Victoria Derby and Melbourne Cup finished second in his first race at Rosedale. Patrobus was raced by Miss Widdis, the owner of the nearby Nambrok station. She was the first woman to own a Melbourne Cup winner. Patrobus is the only Gippsland horse to win the Melbourne Cup. A statue of the horse is located in the main street.
Following the closure of the Rosedale Racing Club, the racecourse was developed as a golf course and a speedway. The first speedway meeting was conducted in 1972. In February 1973, the speedway attracted some of the best drivers throughout Australia to the inaugural Coca-Cola Bottlers 2000 meeting. The race was won by the reigning Australian champion, David House, from Canberra, driving a Torana GTR XU1. The course broadcaster for the first decade was Kevin Andrews, who then worked as a sports commentator and reporter. The Rosedale Speedway has twice hosted Australian Championships. In 1980, Queensland driver, Arthur Wieden, won the first of four national Standard Sedan titles. In 2002–03, Stephen Laidlaw successfully defended his Australian Production Sedan title.
Notable people
Sport
Neil Cordy, Graeme Cordy and Brian Cordy – Australian Rules Football players with Footscray Football a Club (now the Western Bulldogs) who attended the Rosedale Primary School.
Geoff Raines – Australian Rules Football player with Richmond Football Club who lived in Rosedale as a teenager.
Keith Rowley, winner of the inaugural Herald Sun Tour, was born at Rosedale.
Politics
Kevin Andrews – Cabinet Minister in the Howard and Abbott governments, currently 'Father of the House of The Australian Parliament' – attended Rosedale Primary School.
Edward Jolley Crooke, owner of 'The Holey Plain', represented the district in the Legislative Council of Victoria for 30 years (1893-1922) and was a Rosedale Shire councillor for 46 years.
Gallery
References
The Age Rosedale
Wellington Shire
Gwen Hardy (1989) Rosedale – 150 Years Pictorial History [Rosedale Historical Society, Rosedale]
Don Mcreadie (1989) The Rosedale Story Vol 1 [Don Macreadie, Cowwarr]
I T Maddern (1971) The Centenary History of the Shire of Rosedale, 1871–1971 [Shire of Rosedale, Rosedale]
1855 establishments in Australia
Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Towns in Central Gippsland
Shire of Wellington |
3998924 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2026%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 26 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 25 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 27
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 11 (March 10 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 26th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 13.
Saints
Martyr Photine (Photina), the Samaritan woman in the Gospel, and those with her, all martyred under Nero (66): (see also: March 20)
her sisters: Phota, Photis, Parasceva, and Cyriaca (Kyriake);
her sons: Victor Stratelates (or Photinus) and Joses (Joseph);
Christodoulos;
Sebastian the Duke,
the officer Anatolius; and
Theoclitus, the former sorcerer.
Saint Porphyrius of Gaza, Bishop of Gaza (420)
Saint Nicholas of "Katopinos".
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Dionysius of Augsburg, venerated as the first Bishop of Augsburg in Germany (c. 303)
Saint Faustinian, second Bishop of Bologna in Italy (4th century)
Saint Andrew of Florence, Bishop of Florence and Confessor (c. 407)
Saint Agricola, Bishop of Nevers in France (c. 594)
Saint Victor, a hermit in Arcis-sur-Aube in Champagne in France (7th century)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Venerable Sebastian of Poshekhonye, founder of Sokhotsk Monastery, Yaroslavl (1500) (see also: December 18)
New Martyr John the Cabinetmaker (John Calphas, "the Apprentice"), by beheading, at Constantinople (1575)
New martyrs and confessors
New Hieromartyr Peter Varlamov, Priest of Ufim (1930)
New Hieromartyr Sergius Voskresensky, Priest (1933)
Virgin-martyr Anna Blagoveshchensky (1938)
New Hieromartyr John (Pashin), Bishop of Rylsk (Rila) (1938)
New Hieromartyr John Dunaev, Priest (1938)
Other commemorations
Synaxis of the Mezhetsk Icon of the Most Holy Theotokos at Kiev (1492)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 26 / March 11. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
March 11 / February 26. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 26. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas. St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). pp. 17-18.
The Twenty-Sixth Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
February 26. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 17-18.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. p. 86.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 26 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
Συναξαριστής. 26 Φεβρουαρίου. Ecclesia.gr. (H Εκκλησια τησ Ελλαδοσ).
Russian Sources
11 марта (26 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
26 февраля (ст.ст.) 11 марта 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей.
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
3998929 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graymail | Graymail | Graymail is the threatened revelation of state secrets in order to manipulate legal proceedings. It is distinct from blackmail, which may include threats of revelation against, and manipulation of, any private individual. Graymail is used as a defense tactic, forcing the government to drop a case to avoid revealing national secrets.
Graymail can occur in two ways:
To straightforwardly blackmail the government, forcing it to drop the case using the threat that if the trial proceeds the defendant will reveal classified information he or she already knows.
To request use of classified material, e.g. as evidence, in the trial. The defendant speculates that the government will be unwilling to make the material fully available to the case, and that this will raise the possibility, in the eyes of the judge or jury, that the unreleased material might clear the defendant, making it difficult to prove guilt.
In the United States, the Classified Information Procedures Act of 1980, also known as the Graymail Law, was designed to counter the second tactic above by allowing judges to review classified material in camera, so that the prosecution can proceed without fear of publicly disclosing sensitive intelligence.
Examples
John D. Cline was a defense attorney for Oliver North and successfully used graymail to dismiss the most serious charges against North in the Iran–Contra affair. Among his detractors, Cline is known as a graymail specialist. Cline was more recently hired by Lewis Libby's defense team, and requested more than 10 months of the President's Daily Brief. In spite of this, Libby was found guilty on four of the five charges.
Katharine Gun was a translator for Government Communications Headquarters. In 2003, she became publicly known for leaking top-secret information to the press concerning alleged illegal activities by the United States in their push for the 2003 invasion of Iraq. She was charged under section 1 of the Official Secrets Act 1989, but the case was dropped when the prosecution declined to offer evidence.
Terrance Brown, an accused robber of bank delivery vehicles in Florida, attempted to subpoena NSA records of his cellphone location to provide an alibi after it emerged that his cellphone provider had deleted the data some years previously. Legal commentators speculated that the motion was an attempt to force the government to drop charges, since the case going to trial would set a precedent for the disclosure of NSA data collection practices in public legal proceedings. The NSA stated that it had not collected any cellphone location information relevant to his case.
See also
Blackmail
Silent witness rule
References
External links
Crimes of War > September 11 by Edward Burling, Professor of International Law & Diplomacy, Crimes of War Project, December 7, 2001
Graymail definition (Archived 2009-10-31) MSN Encarta
Cheney 'Authorized' Libby to Leak Classified Information by Murray Waas, National Journal, February 9, 2006
Transcript of CEPA Hearing in U.S. v. Lewis Libby (3 February 2006).
Blackmail
Criminal defenses |
3998937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20q%20%28disambiguation%29 | Max q (disambiguation) | Max q is the maximum value of dynamic pressure associated with a body travelling through the atmosphere, typically a spacecraft during launch.
Max q or Max Q may also refer to:
Max Q (astronaut band), a musical group from Houston, Texas, made up of NASA astronauts
Max Q (Australian band), a musical group from the 1980s, fronted by Michael Hutchence of INXS
Max Q (album), a 1989 studio album by Australian band Max Q.
Max Q (film), a 1998 television movie about a fictional Space Shuttle disaster
Max Q (quartet), the 2007 Barbershop Harmony Society International quartet champion
Max Quordlepleen, a character in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy
Nvidia Max-Q, variants of graphics processing units (GPUs) with a lower thermal design power (TDP)
See also
Q-Max, a type of ship |
5391543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201932%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1932 Winter Olympics | At the 1932 Winter Olympics one individual Nordic combined event was contested. It was held on Wednesday, February 10, 1932 (cross-country skiing) and on Thursday, February 11, 1932 (ski jumping). Unlike today the ski jump was the last event held. Both events were also individual medal events.
Medalists
Results
Final standings
Participating nations
A total of 33 Nordic combined skiers from ten nations competed at the Lake Placid Games:
References
External links
International Olympic Committee results database
Official Official Olympic Report
sports-reference
1932 Winter Olympics events
1932
1932 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in the United States
Men's events at the 1932 Winter Olympics |
5391544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenya%20Certificate%20of%20Primary%20Education | Kenya Certificate of Primary Education | The Kenya Certificate of Primary Education (KCPE) is a certificate awarded to students after completing the approved eight-year course in primary education in Kenyans. The examination is supervised by the Kenya National Examination Council (KNEC), an examining body in Kenya under the Ministry of Education. The same body also conducts and regulates the Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE), a certificate awarded to students after completing secondary education. KCPE and KCSE were both started in 1985 when the 8-4-4 system of education was introduced in Kenya.
Examination
The subjects examined are Mathematics, English, Kiswahili, Social Studies and Religious Education (Christian/Islamic/Hindu) and Science. English and Kiswahili consist of two parts, for English there is Grammar and Composition, and for Kiswahili, there is Lugha and Insha. Social Studies includes a bit of Kenyan History, Civic education, current County system of government as well as all the Religious Studies. Deaf or hard of hearing students may choose to be tested in Kenyan Sign Language instead of Kiswahili. Each subject is worth a maximum of 100 marks. Each candidate is therefore able to earn a maximum of 500 marks. If by chance someone gets over 400 marks they are admitted to a government sponsored school.
The exam time runs from the last week of October and takes three days. In 2016, the exams were held In October. Results are then announced by the Minister for Education sometime in November.
Efforts are ongoing to scrap the KCPE exam.
References
External links
Kenya National Examination Council
Education in Kenya
Primary school qualifications
Primary education |
3998960 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2027%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 27 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 26 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - February 28
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 12 (March 11 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 27th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 14.
Saints
Martyrs Julian and his disciple Eunos (Kronion), at Alexandria (250- 252)
Martyrs Abundius, Alexander, Antigonus, Calanus, Januarius, Makarios, Severianus, Titianus and Fortunatus, and those martyred with them (c. 284–305)
Martyr Gelasius the Actor, of Heliopolis (297)
Martyr Nesius, by whipping.
Saint Macarius of Jerusalem, Bishop of Jerusalem (334)
Saint Thalelaeus of Syria, hermit, of Gabala in Syria (c. 460)
Saints Asclepius and Jacob of Nimouza, monks near Cyrrhus (5th century)
Saint Stephen, monk, of Constantinople (614)
Venerable Procopius the Confessor, of Decapolis (c. 750)
Saint Timothy of Caesarea, monk.
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Honorina (Honorine), an early martyr in the north of France.
Saint Comgan, Abbot of Glenthsen or Killeshin in Ireland (c. 565)
Saint Leander of Seville, Archbishop of Seville (600)
Saint Baldomerus (Galmier), by trade a locksmith in Lyons in France, who entered the monastery of St Justus (c. 650)
Saint Ælfnoth of Stowe (Alnoth), a hermit at Stowe near Bugbrooke, martyred by robbers (c. 700)
Saint Herefrith of Louth, Bishop of Lincolnshire (c. 873)
Saint John of Gorze, Abbot of Gorze (c. 975)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Venerable Titus, hieromonk of the Kiev Caves Monastery (1196)
Saint Titus the Soldier, monk of the Kiev Caves (14th century)
Saint Pitirim, Bishop of Tambov (1698)
New Martyr Elias of Trebizond (1749)
Venerable Archimandrite Photius of the Yuriev Monastery, Novgorod (1838)
Saint Raphael of Brooklyn, Good Shepherd of the Lost Sheep in America (1915) (New Calender only see also: February 14)
New martyrs and confessors
New Hieromartyr Sergei Uvitsky, Priest (1932)
New Hieromartyr Peter Uspensky, Priest (1938)
Martyr Michael Markov (1938)
Venerable Elder Ephraim of Katounakia (1998) (see also: February 14)
Other commemorations
Twelve Holy Greek Architects of the Kiev Caves Lavra.
Repose of Archimandrite Photius of the Yuriev Monastery, Novgorod (1838)
Repose of Monk Anthony of Valaam Monastery (1848)
Repose of Hieromonk Justinian of Valaam Monastery (1966)
Repose of Archimandrite Alypy (Voronov) of the Pskov-Caves Monastery (1975)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 27 / March 12. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
March 12 / February 27. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 27. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas. St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 18.
The Twenty-Seventh Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
February 27. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 60–61.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 86–98.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 27 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
Συναξαριστής. 27 Φεβρουαρίου. Ecclesia.gr. (H Εκκλησια τησ Ελλαδοσ).
Russian Sources
12 марта (27 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
27 февраля (ст.ст.) 12 марта 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
3998961 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mackeigan%20v%20Hickman | Mackeigan v Hickman | Mackeigan v Hickman, [1989] 2 S.C.R. 796 is a leading Supreme Court of Canada decision on judicial independence. The Court unanimously held that to require a federal judge to explain his or her decisions would violate the principle of judicial independence.
Background
Donald Marshall was an Aboriginal youth who was wrongly convicted of murder in 1971. In 1983, the federal government, on the basis of new evidence, referred the case to the Nova Scotia Court of Appeal who overturned the conviction.
The panel which heard the reference included Justice Pace who was the Attorney General of Nova Scotia at the time of the investigation in 1971. At the end of the Court's judgement it was observed that Marshall was largely at fault for his own conviction by misleading the investigation and that "any miscarriage of justice was more apparent than real". This comment had a major effect on the amount of settlement Marshall received.
In 1986, the Nova Scotia government established a royal commission, under the Public Inquiries Act, to investigate the handling of the Marshall case. As part of the investigation the Commission tried to compel the judges on the reference, including Pace, to testify. The judges applied for a declaration that the Commission had no authority to compel them as they were protected by judicial immunity.
The Supreme Court considered two issues:
whether ss. 3 and 4 of the Public Inquiries Act could be used to compel superior court judges to testify before the Commission, either with respect to how and why they reached their decision or with respect to the composition of the panel that heard the case.
whether the direction to the Commission to inquire into a reference by the Minister of Justice was ultra vires the Province because it is a matter of criminal law and procedure reserved exclusively to the federal Parliament under s. 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867.
The majority held that the judges could not be compelled and that the direction to the Commission was not ultra vires the province.
Reasons of the court
Three reasons were written for the majority.
Justice McLachlin, writing for L'Heureux-Dubé and Gonthier, held that,
the judge's right to refuse to answer to the executive or legislative branches of government or their appointees as to how and why the judge arrived at a particular judicial conclusion is essential to the personal independence of the judge…To entertain the demand that a judge testify before a civil body, or emanation of the legislature or executive, on how and why he or she made his or her decision would be to strike at the most sacrosanct core of judicial independence
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Dickson Court)
Valente v. The Queen
Beauregard v. Canada
R. v. Généreux
Provincial Judges Reference
Therrien (Re)
Provincial Court Judges' Assn. of New Brunswick v. New Brunswick (Minister of Justice)
External links
Canadian constitutional case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1989 in Canadian case law |
3998976 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maggie%20L.%20Walker%20National%20Historic%20Site | Maggie L. Walker National Historic Site | The Maggie L. Walker National Historic Site is a United States National Historic Landmark and a National Historic Site located at 110½ E. Leigh Street on "Quality Row" in the Jackson Ward neighborhood of Richmond, Virginia. The site was designated a U.S. National Historic Landmark in 1975. The National Historic Site was established in 1978 to tell the story of the life and work of Maggie L. Walker (1867-1934), the first woman to serve as president of a bank in the United States. It was built by George W. Boyd, father of physician, Sarah Garland Boyd Jones. The historic site protects the restored and originally furnished home of Walker. Tours of the home are offered by National Park Service rangers.
Description
The Maggie Walker NHS is located north of downtown Richmond, in the city's historically black Jackson Ward neighborhood. It consists of six buildings on the north side of East Leigh Street, including 110 A E. Leigh Street, 112 E. Leigh Street, 114 East Leigh Street, 600 North 2nd Street, and 602 North 2nd Street. Most of these buildings have exteriors reflective of the early 20th century, with their interiors repurposed to house Park Service facilities, including a museum and visitor center, as well as curatorial spaces.
The centerpiece of the site is the Maggie Walker House, a two-story Victorian Gothic brick rowhouse located near the center of the block of East Leigh between 1st and 2nd Streets. A Colonial Revival porch with sunroom above covers the front of the house. The interior is furnished with original belongings of Maggie Lena Walker, and period furnishings dating to the 1920s and 1930s. The house, complete with Walker's effects, was donated to the people of the United States by her descendants in 1979.
History
Maggie Walker, the daughter of a slave, was a pioneering African-American businesswoman and civil rights activist. She was an influential member of the NAACP, and is credited with founding the first African-American, female-owned bank, St. Luke's Penny Bank (long since folded by mergers into other institutions), in 1902. She was also involved in local philanthropic efforts, supporting schools for education African-American girls in Richmond.
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Richmond, Virginia
References
External links
NPS Maggie L. Walker National Historic Site website
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Historic Sites in Virginia
Museums in Richmond, Virginia
Historic house museums in Virginia
Houses completed in 1909
Walker, Maggie
Gothic Revival architecture in Virginia
Women's museums in the United States
Houses in Richmond, Virginia
African-American history in Richmond, Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Richmond, Virginia
Historic district contributing properties in Virginia
National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
History of women in Virginia
African-American historic house museums |
5391554 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201936%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1936 Winter Olympics | At the 1936 Winter Olympics, one individual Nordic combined event was contested. It was held on Wednesday, February 12, 1936 (cross-country skiing) and on Thursday, February 13, 1936 (ski jumping).
Medalists
Results
Cross-country skiing
The 18 kilometre cross-country skiing race was held on Wednesday, February 12, 1936, as part of the special 18 kilometre cross-country race.
The race started at 10:01 a.m. There was a gap of 30 seconds between each starter. The highest point was at 1010 metres and the lowest point was at 735 metres. The conditions were good with temperatures between -4.8° to -2° Celsius.
Oddbjørn Hagen the winner of this Nordic combined cross-country skiing race won for his performance also a silver medal in the competition of the specialists. In total 16 competitors participated in both events and were also placed in the separate 18 kilometre race.
Final standings
Participating nations
A total of 51 Nordic combined skiers from 16 nations competed at the Garmisch-Partenkirchen Games:
References
External links
International Olympic Committee results database
Official Olympic Report
1936 Winter Olympics events
1936
1936 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Germany
Men's events at the 1936 Winter Olympics |
3998978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gorillas%20in%20popular%20culture | Gorillas in popular culture | Representations of gorillas are common in popular culture in the Western world with the full range of electronic media having gorillas as mascots, gorillas behaving like humans, and humans behaving like gorillas.
Ape – gorilla defined
Gorillas are ground-dwelling, predominantly herbivorous apes that inhabit the forests of Central Africa.
The eponymous genus Gorilla is divided into two species: the eastern gorillas and the western gorillas (both critically endangered), and either four or five subspecies.
Gorillas are the largest living primates.
The DNA of gorillas is highly similar to that of humans, from 95–99% depending on what is counted, and they are the next closest living relatives to humans, after chimpanzees and bonobos; closer than Asiatic apes like the orangutan and gibbon.
Art
The French sculptor Emmanuel Frémiet won a medal of honour at the Salon of 1887 for his masterly Gorilla Carrying off a Woman ("Gorille enlevant une Femme"). The sculpture depicts a gorilla abducting a woman, something totally alien to actual gorilla behaviour.
The Frémiet sculpture has somehow caught the public's imagination as witnessed by the repeated popularity of the King Kong theme.
Animation
In the 1944 Donald Duck cartoon Donald Duck and the Gorilla, a gorilla named Ajax escapes from the city zoo and terrorizes Donald Duck.
Magilla Gorilla is a well known Hanna-Barbera cartoon from the 1960s.
An intelligent gorilla named Grodd is a recurring supervillain of The Flash in DC Comics and the animated TV series Justice League and Justice League Unlimited.
In the Dragon Ball manga series, as well as the anime, the protagonist Goku and several other characters known as Saiyans have the unique ability to transform into gigantic gorilla-like beings called Great Apes. The apes are a combination of Mandrill (the head), Gorilla (the main body and limbs) and Monkey (the tail)
In the animated 1999 Disney version of Tarzan, the hero's adopted family are gorillas (unlike the "Great Apes" of the original book), including the protagonists kind and caring Kala (Voiced by Glenn Close), Kerchak (Voiced by Lance Henriksen) and Terk, (Voiced by Rosie O'Donnell).
In the animated sequel 2002 film Tarzan & Jane, one protagonist Terk (Voiced by April Winchell.
In 2005 animated prequel film Tarzan II, Terk (Voiced by Brenda Grate), Kala (Voiced by Glenn Close), Uto (Voiced by Brad Garrett), Kago (Voiced by Ron Perlman), Mama Gunda (Voiced by Estelle Harris), and Zugo (Voiced by George Carlin).
The Great Grape Ape Show
In the Tarzan-parody animated TV series George of the Jungle, George's best friend is an erudite talking gorilla named Ape. In the Disney 1997 film adaptation, Ape is voiced by John Cleese.
Windsor, a supporting character in the animated Cartoon Network series, My Gym Partner's a Monkey, is a gorilla.
In the anime series Cromartie High School, a gorilla is one of the more powerful delinquents at Cromartie High. He (she?) also plays backup guitar for "Freddie," a fellow student who may or may not be Freddie Mercury.
The Iron Kong in the Zoids universe is a mecha shaped like a gorilla.
In the Beast Wars and Beast Machines TV series, the leader of the Maximals, Optimus Primal, adopted an organic-skinned "beast mode" of a gorilla; and later in the series a TransMetal gorilla, and then (Beast Machines) he became a techno-organic gorilla.
In the animated television series Ben 10, the future version of Dr. Animo has a detachable human head and the body of a gorilla as seen in the episode "Ben 10,000".
Ultimate Spidermonkey from Ben 10: Ultimate Alien is based on a gorilla mixed with a spider.
Gor-illa/Gor is a gorilla made sentient by an alien race in the science fiction cartoon Captain Simian & the Space Monkeys.
In Disney Channel's The Lion Guard based on the 1994 African adventure Disney's The Lion King franchise has gorillas introduced including Majinuni (Voiced by Dan Howell), Hafifu (Voiced by (Phil Lester), King Sokwe (Voiced by John Rhys-Davies) and Shujaa (voiced by Christopher Jackson).
In Cartoon Network's original Class of 3000 (Created by famous African-American singer and voice artist Andre 3000) set in Atlanta Georgia in an episode called "Funky Monkey" a western lowland gorilla named Momo at Zoo Atlanta wanted to be a drummer just like Lil D.
In Disney Channel's original comedy series The Proud Family (Created by Bruce W. Smith) in the episode "It Takes a Thief", African-American Democratic Businessman Oscar Proud (Voiced by Tommy Davidson) gets beaten up by a zoo captive male Mountain gorilla after he fed the ape his distasteful snacks.
In the manga One-Punch Man, there is a character named "Armored Gorilla".
Comics
In The Adventures of Tintin comic The Black Island, a gorilla called Ranko was featured, who people thought was a monster.
Gorillas were frequently used as a gimmick to sell comics during the Silver Age of Comic Books: see Gorillas in comics.
Congorilla was a golden gorilla who from time to time exchanged brains with African explorer Congo Bill in DC comics, beginning in January 1959 in Action Comics #248.
Marvel Apes, a Marvel Comics mini-series in which The Gibbon is transported into an alternate earth where all the Superheroes have simian counterparts (Captain Apemerica).
In the Planet of the Apes comic books, normal-sized gorillas fill security/military roles.
Grease Monkey is a science fiction series centered around intelligent gorillas.
In the space opera webcomic Schlock Mercenary, one of the recurring characters is an uplifted gorilla (i.e. a gorilla that has genetically enhanced, human-level sentience). This gorilla also bears the name Kerchak.
While he does not appear much in other media, Grodd's nemesis Solovar rules a city of hyper-intelligent gorillas.
Film
The giant gorilla is a recurring theme in film, especially in the various incarnations of King Kong and Mighty Joe Young.
Ingagi (1930), lost Pre-Code hoax documentary (now regarded as an exploitation film) about apes kidnapping native women.
Tarzan the Ape Man (1932), first sound-era Tarzan film starring Johnny Weissmuller.
Murders in the Rue Morgue (1932), Universal Pictures horror tale based on the 1841 Edgar Allan Poe story.
The Gorilla (1939), horror comedy film starring the Ritz Brothers, Anita Louise, Lionel Atwill, and Bela Lugosi.
Perils of Nyoka (1942), Republic Pictures movie serial with Kay Aldridge as Nyoka the Jungle Girl.
The Ape Man (1943), horror-science fiction story starring Bela Lugosi.
Nabonga (1944), a PRC jungle girl film starring Buster Crabbe and Julie London.
White Pongo (1945), safari adventure yarn about fictional white ape.
Mark of the Gorilla (1950), Jungle Jim tale of Nazis impersonating great apes.
Bride of the Gorilla (1951), starring Raymond Burr who changes into a gorilla and torments his wife.
Bela Lugosi Meets a Brooklyn Gorilla (1952), comedy featuring Duke Mitchell and Sammy Petrillo, as Dean Martin and Jerry Lewis clones, meet Béla Lugosi on a remote island who can turn people into gorillas.
Robot Monster (1953), campy, low-budget science fiction yarn with alien ape creatures.
Spooks! (1953), in this comedy short, The Three Stooges encounter mad scientist bent on transplanting human brains into apes.
Gorilla at Large (1954), horror mystery B-movie set in a carnival.
The Bride and the Beast (1958), horror film directed by Adrian Weiss and co-written by Edward D. Wood Jr.
Kong Island, aka King of Kong Island (1968), Italian jungle adventure saga with a science fiction element (i.e., apes controlled by mad scientist).
Gorillas in the Mist: The Story of Dian Fossey (1988), drama documenting a scientist in East Africa's Rwanda crusading for the rights of endangered mountain gorillas.
Baby's Day Out (1994), American comedy film shows a segment of a gorilla protecting the protagonist from the kidnappers.
Congo (1995), African action adventure film loosely based on Michael Crichton's novel of the same name.
Tarzeena, Queen of Kong Island (2008), exploitation film directed by Fred Olen Ray.
Kong: Skull Island (2017), retelling of King Kong.
Various non-human apes dominate the world in the Planet of the Apes novel and film series, among them gorillas, who act as the soldiers and laborers in ape society. Notable characters include General Ursus and Aldo.
George the white gorilla from Rampage (2018), film directed by Brad Peyton.
Gus Gorilla is a murderous animatronic from Willy's Wonderland.
Magazines and literature
Fester Bestertester, the protagonist of Don Martin's Mad strip National Gorilla-Suit Day is beset by gorillas (or persons dressed as gorillas). "National Gorilla-Suit Day" is celebrated every year on January 31.
In the award-winning novel Ishmael, written by Daniel Quinn, a gorilla teaches the protagonist about the history of humanity and the effect "civilized" culture has had on other species.
The novel Congo features "killer" gorillas
In The Uplift War, a science-fiction novel by David Brin, gorillas transported to the planet Garth for experiments in uplift play a significant role in the plot.
In the North American Confederacy alternate history series by L. Neil Smith, gorillas (along with other greater primates) are recognized as sentient beings and are granted full citizenship in the eponymous political entity. In the first novel in the series, The Probability Broach, a gorilla, Olongo Featherstone-Haugh (pronounced "Fanshaw"), is mentioned as having served as the largely ceremonial Vice-President of the NAC. The second novel, The Venus Belt, states that he was then elected as the equally ceremonial President of the NAC from 1996 to 2000, retiring after one term.
In the Animorphs book series, one of the main characters, Marco, shapeshifts into the form of a gorilla as his main 'battle morph'.
Music
Alice Cooper's Constrictor (1994) album carries a song titled "Thrill My Gorilla."
The Bonzo Dog Doo-Dah Band released an album called Gorilla On The Dead Milkmen's Big Lizard in My Backyard (1985) album there is a song titled "Gorilla Girl."
The Flaming Lips's Telepathic Surgery (1989) album features a song titled "Shaved Gorilla."
The music video of Francesco Gabbani's Occidentali's Karma (2017) features a dancer in a gorilla suit, who plays a big role in the meaning of the song.
Ghostface Killah has a song titled "Gorilla Hood" The Pretty Tony Collection Chapter 2 (2008) album.
There is an American Hardcore band called Gorilla Biscuits.
The popular virtual band Gorillaz is named after the animal.
Rapper Gorilla Zoe takes his name from the ape.
Project Pat's Mista Don't Play: Everythangs Workin' (2001) album features a song titled "Gorilla Pimp."
On the Spin Doctors' Here Comes the Bride (1999) album there is a song titled "Gorilla Boy."
James Taylor has an album titled Gorilla (1975), which also features a track titled "Gorilla."
Warren Zevon recorded two songs about gorillas. On his album Wanted Dead or Alive (1970) there is a track titled "Gorilla" and his Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School (1980) album features a track titled "Gorilla, You're a Desperado."Zevon, Warren. "Gorilla, You're a Desperado." Bad Luck Streak in Dancing School. [Miami, Fla.]: Columbia Pictures Publications, 1980.
Z-Ro's album, Screwed Up Click Representa, features a song titled "Gorilla Till I Die."
The Rolling Stones' compilation album, GRRR!, features cover artwork of a gorilla with their tongue-and-lips logo.
Rubicon features a track called "Vanilla Gorilla" on their self-titled debut album, Rubicon.
Online games
Gorillas are also Beasts in the popular fantasy MMO World of Warcraft some can be tamed and used by the Hunter Class in the game though they are not nearly as commonly used as other potential pets.
In the popular superhero-themed MMO Champions Online, Dr Silverback is one of the most important heroes of the setting and a contact for the players.
The team-based multiplayer shooter Overwatch features a hero named Winston, a gorilla who was born and raised on a futuristic lunar colony and received an education in science, enabling him to become an advanced engineer and scientist himself.
Schools
Pittsburg State University in Pittsburg, Kansas, is the only public college in the United States to have a gorilla as mascot.
Several high schools and boarding schools also have a gorilla as their mascot.
Sports
A gorilla is a mascot for a number of sports teams:
The mascot of the NBA's Phoenix Suns is The Gorilla.
World Wrestling Entertainment SmackDown! Superstar Mark Henry uses the nickname "Silverback".
Darts player Tony O'Shea also has the nickname "Silverback"
The Atlanta Silverbacks was an American soccer team.
There was a Central Hockey League team called the Amarillo Gorillas.
The Fitzroy Football Club, an Australian rules football team based in Melbourne, was nicknamed the Gorillas for part of its existence.
Pittsburg State University's athletic teams are known as the Gorillas, and their mascot is known as Gus the Gorilla.
Stage and theatre shows
A Young Man Dressed As A Gorilla Dressed As An Old Man Sits Rocking In A Rocking Chair for 56 Minutes and Then Leaves, a stage show features a man wearing a gorilla suit doing exactly what is said in the title.
Television
The gorilla suit is an eternally popular gag costume on television series.
Among the earliest examples is the gorilla-suited Nairobi Trio, a recurring-gag element of the 1950s TV comedy series, The Ernie Kovacs ShowThe Electric Company featured a gorilla character named "Paul", friend to Jennifer of the Jungle.
On the Canadian children's cable network YTV, a recurring character on the series The Zone is Gorilla Stan, a person wearing a cheap Halloween costume.
Several episodes of The Three Stooges include a gorilla in the plot, which is really a person in a costume.
In the Oct. 31, 2002, Halloween episode of the NBC series Scrubs, chief of staff Dr. Bob Kelso (Ken Jenkins) wears a gorilla suit, unbeknownst to the doctors.
In the first season of NBC's L.A. Law, Harry Hamlin's character wooed the Susan Dey character while wearing a gorilla suit.
Tracy, as featured on The Ghost Busters--"trained by" Bob Burns III.
Drs. Hawkeye Pierce and Trapper John McIntyre occasionally dressed up in gorilla suits during the first three seasons of M*A*S*H Silver the mobster Gorilla from Ninja Turtles: The Next Mutation The British comedy series The Mighty Boosh features a talking gorilla named Bollo.
The 2007 Cadbury advertising campaign Gorilla, featuring an actor in a gorilla suit playing a drum kit.
The Canadian animated series Beast Wars features a character named Optimus Primal who transforms into a gorilla.
The Gorilla chief of security, General Urko, served as the primary antagonist of the live-action television series Planet of the Apes while another version of the character was the primary antagonist of the animated series Return to the Planet of the Apes. Numerous other Gorilla characters also served as one-off antagonists in both series.
The talking gorilla super-villain King Gorilla appeared in several episodes of The Venture Bros. Gorillas have been used as mecha/zords in the Super Sentai and Power Rangers franchises, and occasionally as the theme for a costumed hero, always filling a role of physical strength and power. Examples include Gingarilla/Gorilla Galactabeast in Seijuu Sentai Gingaman/Power Rangers: Lost Galaxy, GaoGorilla/Kongazord in Hyakujuu Sentai Gaoranger/Power Rangers Wild Force, GekiGorilla/Gorilla Animal Spirit in Jyuken Sentai Gekiranger/Power Rangers Jungle Fury, and Cube Gorilla- as well as the lead hero's muscular upgrade form, Zyuoh Gorilla- in Doubutsu Sentai Zyuohger.
Video games
George is a giant monster gorilla from the Rampage (franchise) who mutated from a human in contrast to his film counterpart.
The namesake of the Donkey Kong video game franchise and the Mario franchise is a gorilla, as is much of his supporting cast.
The Crash Bash character Rilla Roo is a gorilla with the lower body of a kangaroo.
Blizzard and Chaos from Primal Rage.
Gorilla in Gekido.
Gorilla Mask, from God Hand.
Silverback and various apes from Duke Nukem: Land of the BabesIn Rogue Galaxy, there are three gorilla-like species. A gorra is a simple gorilla found in Juraika.
The Pokémon Slaking is based on a gorilla mixed loosely with a sloth. Rillaboom, the final evolution of the Grass-type starter Pokémon from Pokémon Sword and Shield, Grookey, also greatly resembles a gorilla with elements of drummers. The region where Sword/Shield is set is intended as reference to England, making this likely a reference to the Cadbury's advert.
A zombified gorilla, the Cosmic Silverback, appears as a boss antagonist in Call of Duty: Black Ops minigame, Dead Ops Arcade.
Several types of gorillas appear in Everquest 2, anywhere there is jungle, or in the Shard of Fear.
Winston, a genetically engineered Gorilla scientist, from Overwatch.
In the Mega Man 6, Gorilla Tank was a boss.The Great Circus Mystery'' character Jungle Ape is a gorilla dressed as a savage and the boss of the second level.
Other
Rainforest Cafe's Wild Bunch features a gorilla named Bamba.
See also
Gorillas in comics
Gorilla suit
List of fictional apes
List of fictional monkeys
Orangutans in popular culture
Notes
External links
Gorilla Men: a tribute site devoted to gorilla suit performance
Draw between a lion and a gorilla in a Central African primeval forest, late 19th century
Apes in popular culture
Fictional gorillas |
3999009 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinal%20data%20type | Ordinal data type | In computer programming, an ordinal data type is a data type with the property that its values can be counted. That is, the values can be put in a one-to-one correspondence with the positive integers. For example, characters are ordinal because we can call 'A' the first character, 'B' the second, etc. The term is often used in programming for variables that can take one of a finite (often small) number of values. While the values are often implemented as integers (or similar types such as bytes) they are assigned literal names and the programming language (and the compiler for that language) can enforce that variables only be assigned those literals.
For instance in Pascal, one can define:
var
x: 1..10;
y: 'a'..'z';
Data types |
5391556 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Tigrid | Pavel Tigrid | Pavel Tigrid (27 October 1917 – 31 August 2003) was a Czech writer, publisher, author and politician. He is considered one of the most important personalities of the Czech exile journalism.
Biography
Pavel Schönfeld was born in Prague on 27 October 1917. He left Czechoslovakia as a young man to evade the Nazis. In Great Britain, he adopted the pseudonym Tigrid (after river Tigris) when he worked as a broadcaster of anti-fascist propaganda in BBC, and kept it for the rest of his life. Returning after the end of World War II, he continued his publishing career, soon clashing with the ascendant communist ideology. Fleeing arrest, he emigrated to West Germany, later moved to United States and finally settled in France. During the Cold War, Tigrid was a prominent representative of Czech anti-communist exile, authored several books and published numerous publications, for example the magazine Svědectví ("Testimony"), read both in exile circles and by dissidents in Czechoslovakia from 1956 to 1992. He returned to Prague for the second time after the Velvet Revolution, was active in public life and served as the minister of culture (1994–96), but after an unsuccessful campaign for election to the Czech Senate, he retired to France where he died in 2003.
Literary works
Why Dubcek fell, London: MacDonald, 1971.
Kapesní průvodce inteligentní ženy po vlastním osudu, Toronto: Sixty-Eight Publishers, 1988.
Dnešek je váš, zítřek je náš : dělnické revolty v komunistických zemích, Praha: Vokno, 1990.
Politická emigrace v atomovém věku, Praha: Prostor, 1990.
Glosy o české politice 1996-1999, Praha: Radioservis, 1999.
Marx na Hradčanech, Brno: Barrister & Principal, 2001.
References
1917 births
2003 deaths
Czechoslovak emigrants to France
Culture ministers of the Czech Republic
Czech journalists
Writers from Prague
Recipients of the Order of Tomáš Garrigue Masaryk
Knights Commander of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
KDU-ČSL Government ministers
Culture ministers
20th-century journalists |
3999015 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Marquise%20of%20O | The Marquise of O | The Marquise of O () is a novella by Heinrich von Kleist on the subject of forced seduction. It was first published in 1808.
Synopsis
The story begins with a one-sentence paragraph -- the widowed Marquise von O. places an announcement in the newspapers in a prominent north Italian town, saying she is pregnant and wishes the father of her child to come to her so she can marry him.
We learn Marquise is the daughter of Colonel G. He commanded the citadel of the town M. During the Napoleonic Wars in Italy, while the citadel was over-run by Russian forces, the Marquise was about to be gang-raped by Russian soldiers. However, she is saved by the Russian commander, Count F., appearing to her like an angel. After he brings her to safety, she falls unconscious. The Count finishes storming the citadel, attaining the surrender of the last pockets of resistance, and garrisoning the fort with his troopers. He leaves before the Marquise can thank him. The Marquise and her parents receive news shortly thereafter that Count F. was killed. His last words are reported as "Giulietta, this bullet avenges you!" ("Julietta! Diese Kugel rächt dich!" in the original German). The Marquise is intrigued someone the Count knows so well should have her name of 'Giulietta'.
The reports of Count F.'s death prove false, however. At the conclusion of the war, the Count appears at the house of Colonel G. to ask to marry the Marquise. He insists they marry immediately, although he seems to understand it is an unreasonable request, since they hardly know one another. The family suggests the Count can stay at their home so the two can get to know each other. The Count cannot accept this offer, although, because he has a pressing military duty in another town. Therefore, the family agrees the Count should leave to perform his military duty, and the Marquise will entertain no other prospective husbands in his absence. While he is away, the Marquise realizes she is pregnant. Although the symptoms of her pregnancy are clear, she and her mother are reluctant to believe it. They accept the reality after it is confirmed by a doctor and a midwife.
The Colonel kicks the Marquise out of his house, forbidding her to return despite her mother's protests. She moves to her deceased husband's estate in V. Meanwhile, the Count returns to M., hears the news of the Marquise's pregnancy, seems unsurprised, and tells the Marquise's brother he is convinced of her innocence. The Marquise's brother speaks ill of his sister, and questions the Count's sanity, given the latter's consistent interest in marrying the Marquise. The Count decides to visit her in V. After he is turned away by the porter, he enters through the garden and again begs the Marquise to marry him. She runs into the house, and locks the door.
The Marquise publishes her announcement in the newspaper, asking the father of the unborn child to step forward and reveal his identity since she is resolved to marry the person who put her in this situation. The next day, the newspaper prints another announcement, saying the father will be at the Colonel's house on the 3rd at eleven o’clock. The Colonel is furious, believing this is a ploy by his daughter to delude them into believing she is innocent. The Colonel's wife, however, goes to visit the Marquise. She tells the Marquise she knows the father... he is the groom, Leopardo, a servant of the household. After the Marquise seems to accept this for the truth, her mother reveals the trick, and says she believes the Marquise's innocence. She brings the Marquise back to M., and tells the Colonel to apologize. She leaves the Colonel and the Marquise non-chaperoned. After she returns, the Marquise is sitting in her father's lap while he is kissing her ardently on the lips "like a lover!" ("wie ein Verliebter!"); the Colonel’s wife is pleased. They eagerly await the arrival of the mysterious father, and agree, unless he is below her status, the Marquise should marry him immediately. At the appointed hour, Leopardo walks in... to announce Count F.
The Colonel’s wife is satisfied, because she knows the Count is well-off and of good character from her earlier investigations, but the Marquise is visibly upset, and says she was willing to marry "a vicious man" ("einen Lasterhaften") but not a devil. Her parents believe she is crazy, and agree she should marry the Count, as per her agreement. She agrees, unhappily, and the Colonel and the Count draw up a contract stipulating the Count is entitled to none of the rights of marriage... yet is bound by all its duties. They are married the following day. Their son is born, and the Count makes the boy a gift of 20,000 rubles, then makes the Marquise (now the Countess) his sole heir. Eventually, the Countess comes to be happy with him; and they celebrate a second marriage, a much happier one.
Analysis, discussion of their relationship
The rape is not explicitly indicated in the book, and scholars do not all agree on how important the rape is, or whether it happened at all, one of them arguing against the concept of rape and instead, the Marquise sought sexual gratification from the Count. It happens, if it happens, in a dash: Then—the officer, a dash which one scholar calls "the most-delicately accomplished rape in our literature".
Translations into English
David Luke and Nigel Reeves: in The Marquise of O— and Other Stories (Penguin, 1978)
Richard Stokes: The Marquise of O– (Hesperus, 2003)
Peter Wortsman: in Selected Prose of Heinrich von Kleist (Archipelago Books, 2009)
Nicholas Jacobs: The Marquise of O– (Pushkin Press, 2020)
Adaptations
The novella was adapted as a film in 1976, directed by Éric Rohmer. It stars Edith Clever, Bruno Ganz, Peter Lühr, and Edda Seipel.
The Italian film Il seme della discordia is a modern adaptation of the novella.
The 1959 opera Julietta by Heimo Erbse is based on the novella.
References
External links
“Die Marquise von O” and other stories at Project Gutenberg (German)
1808 German novels
German novellas
Novels about rape
Short stories by Heinrich von Kleist
German novels adapted into films
Novels adapted into operas |
5391558 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tomasz%C3%B3w%20County%2C%20Lublin%20Voivodeship | Tomaszów County, Lublin Voivodeship |
Tomaszów County () is a unit of territorial administration and local government (powiat) in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Ukraine. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat and largest town is Tomaszów Lubelski, which lies south-east of the regional capital Lublin. The only other towns in the county are Tyszowce, lying north-east of Tomaszów, and Łaszczów, lying east of Tomaszów.
The county covers an area of . As of 2019, its total population was 80,701, including a population of 19,050 in Tomaszów Lubelski, 2,112 in Tyszowce, 2,139 in Łaszczów, and a rural population of 57,400.
Neighbouring counties
Tomaszów County is bordered by Lubaczów County to the south-west, Biłgoraj County to the west, Zamość County to the north and Hrubieszów County to the north-east. It also borders Ukraine to the south-east.
Administrative division
The county is subdivided into 13 gminas (one urban, two urban-rural and 10 rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population.
See also
Battle of Tomaszow Lubelski
References
Land counties of Lublin Voivodeship |
3999017 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Berliner | Henry Berliner | Henry Adler Berliner (December 13, 1895 – May 1, 1970) was a United States aircraft and helicopter pioneer.
Sixth son of inventor Emile Berliner, he was born in Washington, D.C. He studied mechanical engineering at Cornell University for two years before attending Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After a short time as aerial photographer with the Army Air Service, in 1919 Henry moved back to Washington to help his father with the helicopter research that had been underway for many years (since 1903 New International Encyclopedia).
Using a Le Rhône engine of 80 hp mounted on a test stand, Henry was able to hover and move forward, but only with assistants holding on to stabilize the contraption. In 1922, he bought a surplus Nieuport 23 fighter's fuselage, added a Bentley 220 hp engine on the front, and connected it by geared shafts to two horizontal rotors mounted on a truss extending sideways from the fuselage. A third horizontal rotor at the rear provided pitch control.
This was demonstrated at College Park, Maryland to the U.S. Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics on June 16, 1922, and is often given (though disputed) as the debut of the helicopter.
In 1923, Henry added a triple set of wings to his prototype, as a backup in case of engine failure. This machine could both hover, and reach forward speeds of , but did not have the power to gain much altitude; its best performance, on February 23, 1924, reached an elevation of just .
A 1925 biplane-like design was lighter and more efficient, but performed little better and was the Berliners' last experiment. However, it did garner international interest and Berliner displayed the craft in the UK. In the following year, Henry founded the Berliner Aircraft Company and went on develop the CM-4 family of aircraft which were parasol monoplanes that came in a variety of engine options. In 1927, Henry bought Hoover Field the site of present-day Ronald Reagan Washington National Airport. However, a fire in 1928 forced Berliner to sell the Airfield and the Potomac Flying Service, which flew out of Hoover Field. The company merged to form Berliner-Joyce Aircraft in 1929 and was acquired by North American Aviation a few months later. It was also in 1929 when construction began on a new factory for Berliner-Joyce in Dundalk, Maryland. The new factory was attached to Logan Field and came at a construction cost of $250,000, for that price the company was able to install a state of the art wind tunnel measuring . However, the stock market crash of the same year made Berliner-Joyce shift from civilian designs to military contract work. The company would design multiple aircraft for the army and navy, all of which were biplanes and even though Berliner-Joyce had many contracts they never built more than 50 planes for the military. In 1930 Berliner founded Engineering and Research Corporation (ERCO). ERCO built the ERCO Ercoupe starting in 1939. During the war they produced the Ball turret used in the PB4Y-1 Liberator and the PB4Y-2 Privateer. After the war Henry sold the rights and plans to the ercoupe and moved into the field of simulators with ERCO.
The triplane helicopter is the oldest surviving helicopter in the world, and was donated to the Smithsonian Institution. A part of the collection at the National Air and Space Museum, it presently is on loan to the College Park Aviation Museum.
References
External links
Centennial of Flight, Helicopter Development in the Early Twentieth Century
National Air and Space Museum page on the Berliners
Brief description of the Berliner exhibit at the College Park Aviation Museum
Aero Digest Magazine with details on the CM-4 and Berliner Aircraft Company
1895 births
1970 deaths
American aviation businesspeople
American people of German-Jewish descent |
5391559 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zona%20orbicularis | Zona orbicularis | The zona orbicularis or annular ligament is a ligament on the neck of the femur formed by the circular fibers of the articular capsule of the hip joint. It is also known as the orbicular zone, ring ligament, and zonular band.
Structure
The zona orbicularis forms a ring around the neck of the femur. The articular capsule is much thicker above and in front of the joint, where the greatest amount of resistance is required, and thin and loose behind and below the joint.
The capsule consists of two sets of fibers, circular and longitudinal. The circular fibers, the zona orbicularis, are most abundant at the lower and back part of the capsule where they form a sling or collar around the femoral neck. Anteriorly, they blend with the deep surface of the iliofemoral ligament, and gain an attachment to the anterior inferior iliac spine.
Function
The zona orbicularis and proximal hip joint capsule are poorly understood. Recent studies seem to confirm that the proximal to middle part of the articular capsule, including the zona orbicularis, acts biomechanically as a locking ring wrapped around the femoral neck and thus is a key structure for hip stability in distraction. It tightens the joint capsule of the hip when iliopsoas muscle contracts.
Additional images
Zona orbicularis used as arthroscopic landmark for iliopsoas muscle.
Notes
References
(Abstract)
Ligaments of the lower limb |
3999018 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2028%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 28 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 27 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 1 (February 29 on leap years).
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 13 (March 12 on leap years) by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 28th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 15.
Saints
Apostles of the Seventy Nymphas and Eubulus (1st century)
Hieromartyr Nestor of Magydos, Bishop of Magydos, at Perge in Pamphylia (c. 250)
Martyrs Macarius, Rufinus, Justus and Theophilus, in Rome (250)
Martyrs Caerellius, Publius, Gaius, and Serapion, in Alexandria.
Holy 6 Martyrs in Alexandria, Egypt. (see also: October 19)
Martyr Abercius, by the sword.
Saints Marina and Kyra, and Domnica, nuns, of Beroea (Aleppo) in Syria (c. 450)
Hieromartyr Proterius of Alexandria, Patriarch of Alexandria, and six companions (457)
Venerable Basil the Confessor (747), companion of St. Procopius, at Decapolis.
Commemorated on February 29 / March 13 in leap years; otherwise here on February 28:
Saint Germanus of Dacia Pontica (Dobrogea, Romania) (c. 415)
Venerable John Cassian the Roman, Abbot of Monastery of St Victor, Marseille (435)
Venerable John, called Barsanuphius (Barsus of Damascus), of Nitria in Egypt (5th century)
Saint George the Confessor, Bishop of Defeltos (7th century)
Saint Leo of Cappadocia, monastic.
Martyr Theocteristus, Abbot of Pelekete monastery near Prusa (8th century) (see also: February 17 and November 10)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Romanus of Condat, desert-dweller of Condat in the Jura Mountains, Gaul (460)
Saint Hilary (Hilarus), Pope of Rome (468)
Saint Llibio, the patron-saint of Llanlibio in Anglesey in Wales (6th century)
Saint Maidoc (Madoc), Bishop, Llanmadog in Wales was named after him (6th century)
Saint Ruellinus (Ruellin), successor of St Tudwal as Bishop of Tréguier in Brittany (6th century)
Saint Sillan (Silvanus), a disciple of St Comgall in Bangor Abbey, Co. Down, Ireland, and his second successor as abbot there (c. 610)
Commemorated on February 29 / March 13 in leap years; otherwise here on February 28:
Saint Oswald of Worcester, Archbishop of York (992)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Saint Yaroslav the Wise, thrice Grand Prince of Novgorod and Kiev (1054) (see also: February 19)
Holy 40,000 Martyrs, under the Mamluk Turks, by burning (13th century)
Blessed Nicholas of Pskov, Fool-for-Christ (1576)
New Virgin-martyr Kyranna of Thessaloniki (1751)
Commemorated on February 29 / March 13 in leap years; otherwise here on February 28:
Venerable Cassian, recluse and faster of the Kiev Caves (12th century)
Saint Cassian of Mu Lake (Muezersk) Hermitage, disciple of St. Alexander of Svir (16th century)
Saint Arsenius (Matseyevich), Metropolitan of Rostov, Confessor (1772)
Saint Meletius, Archbishop of Kharkov and Akhtyr (1840) (see also: February 12)
New martyrs and confessors
New Hieromartyr Sergius, Priest (1932)
Other commemorations
Commemoration of the Great Earthquake at Antioch (1092)
Commemorated on February 29 / March 13 in leap years; otherwise here on February 28:
"Devpeteruv" Icon of the Mother of God (1392)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 28 / March 13. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
March 13 / February 28. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 28. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas. St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 18.
The Twenty-Eighth Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
February 28. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. p. 61.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 88-91.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 28 Φεβρουαρίου. Μεγασ Συναξαριστησ.
Συναξαριστής. 28 Φεβρουαρίου. Ecclesia.gr. (H Εκκλησια τησ Ελλαδοσ).
Russian Sources
13 марта (28 февраля). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
28 февраля (ст.ст.) 13 марта 2014 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей.
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
5391564 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20Storm%20Barry%20%282001%29 | Tropical Storm Barry (2001) | Tropical Storm Barry was a strong tropical storm that made landfall on the Florida Panhandle during August 2001. The third tropical cyclone and second named storm of the 2001 Atlantic hurricane season, Barry developed from a tropical wave that moved off the coast of Africa on July 24. The wave entered the Caribbean on July 29 and spawned a low-pressure area, which organized into Tropical Storm Barry on August 3. After fluctuations in intensity and track, the storm attained peak winds of over the Gulf of Mexico. Barry headed northward and moved ashore along the Gulf Coast before degenerating into a remnant low on August 7. On the next day, Barry's remnants dissipated over Missouri.
Unlike the devastating Tropical Storm Allison earlier in the season, Barry's effects were moderate. Nine deaths occurred: six in Cuba and three in Florida. As a tropical cyclone, Barry produced heavy rainfall that peaked at at Tallahassee, in Florida. Gusts in the area reached , which was the highest wind speed recorded for the storm. The precursor tropical wave to Barry dropped large amounts of rain on southern Florida, leading to significant flooding and structural damage. Moderate flooding and wind damage occurred throughout the Florida Panhandle. As the storm's remnants tracked inland, parts of the Mississippi Valley received light precipitation. Barry caused an estimated $30 million (2001 USD) in damage.
Meteorological history
On July 24, 2001, a tropical wave emerged off the west coast of Africa, and tracked westward across the Atlantic Ocean. Little cyclonic development occurred until July 28, when convection began to increase along the wave. The wave moved into the eastern Caribbean on July 29, and its convection continued to increase while it tracked west-northwest over the subsequent few days. The disturbance emerged into the Gulf of Mexico on August 1, with rainfall noted over southern Florida and the western tip of Cuba. That same day, a broad low-pressure system developed along the wave near the Dry Tortugas at the end of the Florida Keys, which began to intensify as it moved northwestward. At around 1800 UTC on August 2, an Air Force Reserve Hurricane Hunter aircraft investigating the system discovered that the low had organized into a tropical storm, which received the name Barry. Post-hurricane season reanalysis, however, revealed that the low had become a tropical depression six hours earlier. There is uncertainty as to whether Barry actually held tropical characteristics at the time of designation, because of an upper-level low that was situated over the cyclone's surface center.
When Barry became a tropical cyclone, its convection wrapped around roughly half of the center. Outflow in the eastern semicircle was good, although due to upper-level wind shear, it was restricted to southeast of the circulation. The cyclone became embedded within a mid- to-upper-level trough between the ridge over the central U.S. and the ridge over the northwestern Caribbean. A strong, upper-level cyclonic shear axis extended from just south of Cape Hatteras to near Brownsville, Texas, which prevented Barry from accelerating in forward speed. The ridge over the United States weakened, thus collapsing the steering pattern; this resulted in a west-southwestward drifting motion of the tropical storm by around August 3. Early on August 3, strong westerly winds prevailed, and separated the center of circulation from what limited convection remained. The storm quickly regained some convection, although maximum sustained winds remained weak, at about 40 mph (60 km/h). Despite a slight drop in barometric pressure, post-season analysis revealed Barry weakened into a tropical depression early on August 4 due to the persistent wind shear and falling external pressure.
At 1800 UTC on August 4, the cyclone re-intensified slightly, and was upgraded to a tropical storm as the shear decreased. Early on August 5, a strengthening period began as deep convection ignited over and near the low-level center. Prior to landfall, banding features developed on the eastern half of the circulation, despite some residual westerly shear. Within seven hours, the barometric pressure dropped from 1004 mb to 990 mb and overall satellite presentation had begun to improve. Barry reached its peak intensity at 1800 UTC on August 5 with winds of , just shy of hurricane status. An eye formed at around the same time. At 0500 UTC on August 6, Barry increased in forward speed and made landfall at Santa Rosa Beach, Florida with winds of . Moving inland, the system weakened rapidly to a tropical depression; the National Hurricane Center issued its last advisory on the storm early on August 6. By the evening hours, maximum sustained winds near the center were around to , as the system slowed significantly and drifted northwest at about . The depression turned northwestward, and steadily weakened to a remnant low near Memphis, Tennessee on August 7, and the remnant low dissipated on August 8, over southeastern Missouri.
Preparations
In advance of the storm, the National Hurricane Center issued tropical storm watches and warnings for much of the U.S. Gulf Coast. They were upgraded to a hurricane warning when the storm was predicted to reach hurricane intensity. Because that strengthening failed to occur, the hurricane warning was downgraded to a tropical storm warning shortly before landfall. Westward, the warnings for Louisiana and Mississippi were discontinued. After Tropical Storm Barry made landfall, all tropical storm warnings for the Florida Panhandle were discontinued. Flood warnings were issued for parts of Leon and Wakulla counties, while a flash flood watch was in effect for parts of southern Georgia. A tornado watch was issued for the eastern Florida Panhandle, southern Georgia, as well as portions of central and eastern Alabama.
As Barry approached the Florida Panhandle, voluntary evacuations took place in eight counties. Shelters opened in six counties, though most were placed on standby. In parts of Franklin County, mandatory evacuations were ordered, and in Okaloosa County, tolls on the Mid-Bay Bridge were suspended. Forty C-130 cargo aircraft and about 300 personnel from Hurlburt Field were moved to the Little Rock Air Force Base in Arkansas to flee the storm's projected path. In Tallahassee, county officials filled sandbags in areas vulnerable to flooding. At Grand Isle State Park, park rangers moved picnic tables out of tidal range and closed the camping grounds for a period of time. Additionally, the storm forced NASA to delay a shuttle launch in southern Florida. Elsewhere, thousands of personnel were evacuated from several offshore oil platforms. The city of New Orleans closed 60 of its 72 floodgates to avoid possible flooding. Throughout southeastern Louisiana, including New Orleans, roughly 500 Red Cross volunteers and staff members were on standby. The threat of the storm forced the cancellation of an 'N Sync concert at Pro Player Stadium.
Impact
Cuba and Florida
The precursor tropical wave to Barry dropped widespread rainfall in western Cuba, but no damage was reported. Offshore, high seas sank a Cuban refugee boat, drowning 6 of its 28 passengers.
Three people in Florida were killed by the storm, and total damage is estimated at around 30 million (2001 USD). In southern Florida, the precursor to Barry produced 3 in (75 mm) to , with rainfall peaking at . The rain helped relieve persistent drought conditions; however, it caused significant flooding in Martin County on August 2, where a total of 300 homes received water damage. About 63 structures and 6 mobile homes in the county sustained major damage. In the Treasure Coast, catfish reportedly swam through flooded streets. Winds downed a radio tower, striking a house.
Due to the initial slow movement of the storm, outer rainbands began affecting the Florida Panhandle on August 4, with the heaviest rainfall observed on August 5–6. The storm dropped 5 in (125 mm) to 9 in (225 mm); the highest official report was at Tallahassee, though unofficial reports ranged as high as 11 in (175 mm). The rainfall inundated several structures in Bay County due to roof damage. Flooding occurred in Leon County and parts of Apalachicola National Forest, where torrential rains flowed into the Cascade Lakes, Lake Bradford and Munson Slough; the Munson Slough rose to its highest level since 1994. Numerous county and secondary roads were closed by floodwater in Walton, Washington, and Bay counties, as well as in the Tallahassee area. In and around Tallahassee, 100 vehicles were stalled by flood waters and towed, while four residents of an apartment complex on Allen Road were forced to evacuate due to rising waters. Sporadic flooding also occurred in Franklin County and Wakulla County. An indirect death occurred from a traffic accident due to heavy rain in Jackson County.
Wind gusts peaked at at the Eglin Air Force Base Range Station C-72. Light to moderate winds were widespread, causing damage throughout Walton, Washington, Bay, Calhoun, Gulf and Okaloosa counties. Trees were downed or damaged, and several structures suffered light wind damage. Window damage was reported at a high-rise condominium building in Destin, while nearby, the Mid-Bay Bridge was closed due to high winds. The Freeport Elementary School in Walton County sustained minor roof damage. Storm surge was generally light, ranging from to , with only minor beach erosion as a result. As a tropical system, Barry spawned a few weak tornadoes that caused minor damage. In an outer rain band, a lightning strike in Jacksonville killed one person. Another death is blamed on a rip current off of Sanibel Island. In total, the storm left 34,000 customers in the state without power.
Elsewhere
Tropical Storm Barry dropped light to moderate rainfall across Alabama, peaking at near the town of Evergreen. About 2 in (50 mm) fell over the state's peanut-growing region, helping to alleviate drought conditions. Heavy showers were also reported in the Birmingham area. Despite moderate rainfall totals inland, coastal locations received very little precipitation. Minor street flooding occurred in Geneva, Enterprise and New Brockton. Wind gusts peaked at at Montgomery, although damage was light, mostly from downed trees. Damage to awnings and small structures was reported in Florala. Barry's remnants produced light rainfall across Mississippi and Georgia, though no damage was reported. As the storm continued to track inland, it dropped up to 3 in (75 mm) of rain throughout Arkansas, Missouri and western Tennessee.
See also
List of Florida hurricanes
Other storms of the same name
References
External links
Barry (2001) Tropical cyclone report
HPC report
Barry
2001 natural disasters in the United States
Barry (2001)
Barry (2001)
Barry (2001)
Barry |
3999021 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena%20Ford | Elena Ford | Elena Anne Ford-Niarchos (born May 25, 1966) is an American-Greek businesswoman. She is the Chief Customer Experience Officer at Ford Motor Company and the first female Ford family member to hold an executive position at the company.
Career
Ford worked in advertising as a senior account executive at Wells, Rich Greene Advertising in New York City. In 1995, she joined Ford Motor Company as a marketing executive. She was later named the company's director of global marketing and was responsible for marketing, product management, and sales support activities. During this time, she marketed the company's development into mobility services.
In 2012, Elena was assigned to lead the global Dealer and Consumer Experience group. She was responsible for standardizing the way dealerships interact with customers around the world and oversaw global dealer strategy, planning, training and consumer experience.
In 2013, Elena became Vice President, Customer Experience and Global Dealer, making her one of thirty-eight officers running the company and the first female Ford family member to hold an executive leadership position.
In October 2018, Elena Ford was announced as the company's first Chief Customer Experience Officer. In this role, she leads the organization in creating a world-class customer experience for all Ford customers.
In 2019, she spearheaded the launch of a 500-person call center in Houston, TX, providing support for Ford truck owners and dealers experiencing technical issues. She also launched Ford’s “Own the Call” initiative.
Life
Elena Anne Ford-Niarchos was born in New York City to Charlotte Ford and Greek shipping magnate Stavros Niarchos. After her parents divorced in 1967, Elena's mother married J. Anthony Forstmann in 1973 and later Edward Downe Jr., the founder and chairman of Downe Communications in 1986.
Elena is the great-great-granddaughter of company founder Henry Ford, and granddaughter of longtime Ford Motor Company president Henry Ford II. Elena was close to her maternal grandfather, Henry Ford II, once referring to him as her best friend. Henry taught Elena to drive a stick shift in his F-100 Ford pick-up truck insisting she learned to drive a manual and not an automatic.
Ford received a bachelor's degree in business from New York University. In 1991, she married Stanley Jozef Olender, the owner of Stanley O's, an estate maintenance service in Southampton, New York. In 1996, she divorced Olender and married Joseph Daniel Rippolone. In 2008, Ford and Rippolone divorced by mutual agreement.
In 1997 Ford and her half-siblings were involved in a dispute regarding their father’s estate. A Greek court ruled that Ford and her siblings had no right to her father's inheritance due to Greek law. In 2011, Ford pleaded guilty to driving under the influence and child endangerment, and was sentenced to two years' probation.
See also
Ford family tree
References
External links
Ford Executive's Management Style Matches Strengths: 'You Can't Put All Like-Minded People Together'
1966 births
Living people
Ford executives
Henry Ford family
Businesspeople from New York City
People from Birmingham, Michigan
American people of Greek descent
Niarchos family |
3999027 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Bledsoe | Ben Bledsoe | Benjamin Frederick Bledsoe (born May 11, 1982) is an American pop singer, formerly of the band Natural. He is currently an actor, voice actor, and solo singer living in Los Angeles, California.
Early life and education
Bledsoe was a child model and acted in several commercials and television shows throughout the 1990s while growing up in California. He was an active member of "Odyssey of the Mind" – A creative problem solving competition for students from Kindergarten through College. His teams went to world competition several times and placed top 10 in the world multiple years in a row. This later translated into him becoming a member of MENSA, which boasts a 1% acceptance rating. He guest starred on shows such as the Nickelodeon TV series The Mystery Files of Shelby Woo in 1997. In his teen years he moved to Longwood, Florida, a suburb of Orlando, where he met future bandmate Marc Terenzi. At 16 he helped formed the band Natural, with fellow members Patrick King, Michael Johnson, and later Michael 'J' Horn.
Career
Natural
After his move to Florida, Bledsoe worked as a teen actor, but after meeting Terenzi, he decided to shift his career path and start a band. The band was a mix of rock and pop. Although they were a full band when performing live, they would perform a cappella renditions of their music at local venues to help gain recognition and expand their fanbase. Their first show at the House of Blues in Orlando completely sold out.
Producer Veit Renn signed the band and they started recording new music. Natural obtained a following in Orlando, and Veit decided to send them on a promotional tour of Germany. Lou Pearlman saw them perform at the German Festival "Popkomm" in Cologne while they filled in for the headlining act who missed their flight. It was a show in front of 150,000 people who decidedly loved the young band that added an edge to the pop world. Pearlman was there promoting another act and very soon after they were signed with Transcontinental Records.
Pearlman promoted the first single with Claire's and sent the band on a tour with the Monkees, traveling by private jet and tour bus. The first single "Put Your Arms Around Me" became RIAA-certified Gold, and reached the Billboard Sales Chart Position of No. 8.
Soon thereafter, Natural was signed to BMG International, based in Munich. The band immediately started touring in the Philippines, Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Japan, Germany, Switzerland, Austria, England, Scotland, Italy, Spain, France, and Sweden. They had success with such hits as "Put Your Arms Around Me", "Will It Ever", "Runaway", "Let Me Just Fly", "What If", and the number-one collaborative hit with Sarah Connor, "Just One Last Dance".
The life of an Insomniac
Natural finished their last tour in Europe and Asia in September 2004. Bledsoe wrote new music with band members Terenzi and Michael Johnson for a project and he taught himself guitar and piano as a way to enhance his compositional skills.
Bledsoe's new songs were a mixture of pop and rock. He wrote all of the songs himself for his first album and played the guitar and piano (as well as other instruments) in most of the recordings and performances. The CD was named An Insomniac's Guide to a Lonely Heart due to his lack of sleep while creating the album, and the first song he wrote for it, titled "Lonely Heart". He released An Insomniac's Guide to a Lonely Heart on his own record label, 44th Floor Records. It was No. 1 on Amazon.com for exports to Germany, and was in the top 5% of sales overall. It was simultaneously No. 1 and No. 2 on Awarestore.com, beating out Aware's own artists such as John Mayer, Five for Fighting, and Wheatus. The first single release was the tongue-in-cheek song "Boyfriend".
Acting
After the release of his solo album, Bledsoe sought to do more acting work. He did some Broadway shows, such as Hairspray and Cry-Baby. He studied at The Groundlings and the Lesley Kahn School of Acting, and has guest starred on TV shows such as House, CSI, CSI: NY, Hawaii Five-0, The Mentalist, Castle, and much more. Bledsoe guest starred in the pilot episode of the TV show Glee. He also starred in the Disney Channel show Jessie as Jessie's love interest Brody Winton in an episode called the "Princess and the Pea-Brain" in 2012. Along with television, Bledsoe has filmed several feature films such as Riddle with Val Kilmer and William Sadler among others.
Voice acting
Bledsoe has been behind the microphone for most of his life, but in the most recent years he has been in the booth as the voice of all sorts of projects. Commercials, Animated Films and television shows, Video Games; he has made a stamp on all of the major niches within the industry. His company. Unireach Media. has made a vast imprint in the interactive media world by creating custom messages, greetings, and songs for consumers to download which are completely customizable... something that has never been attempted previously.
Filmography
Film
Television
Discography
References
External links
Official website
1982 births
Living people
American male child actors
American male film actors
Male models from Florida
American male pop singers
American male voice actors
Singers from California
Singers from Florida
Male actors from Georgia (U.S. state)
Natural (band) members
American male television actors
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
21st-century American male actors
People from Snellville, Georgia
Mensans
Male models from Georgia (U.S. state)
People from Longwood, Florida
21st-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers |
3999029 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mary%20McLeod%20Bethune%20Council%20House%20National%20Historic%20Site | Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site | The Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site preserves the house of Mary McLeod Bethune, located in Northwest Washington, D.C., at 1318 Vermont Avenue NW. National Park Service rangers offer tours of the home, and a video about Bethune's life is shown. It is part of the Logan Circle Historic District.
The house is about five blocks north-northeast of the McPherson Square Washington Metro on the Blue and Orange Lines, and about five blocks south of the U Street Metro station on the Green and Yellow Lines. It is a half block southwest of Logan Circle.
About the site
The site consists of a three-story Victorian townhouse and a two-story carriage house. The carriage house contained the National Archives for Black Women's History, until 2014, when the National Park Service relocated the records to the National Park Service Museum Resource Center in Landover, Maryland. The archives and a research center at the property are open only by appointment.
Bethune made her home in the townhouse from 1943 to 1955. She purchased it for $15,500. Bethune lived on the third floor, while the National Council of Negro Women occupied the first and second floors. The floor plan of the home remains unchanged from the days when Bethune lived there, and most of the furnishings are original to the home and owned by Bethune and the NCNW.
Becoming a National Historic Site
After Bethune's death, title to the house passed to the National Council of Negro Women, who continued to use it as a headquarters. The Council of the District of Columbia added the site to the D.C. Register of Historic Places in 1975, and began a major restoration of the home, carriage house, and grounds. Archivist and historian Bettye Collier-Thomas was hired to manage the house, which the NCNW and the city hoped to turn into a research archive and museum. Collier-Thomas turned the museum into a nationally prominent one. After a $150,000 restoration, it opened to the public as a museum in 1981. The American Institute of Architects awarded the facade and first floor restoration effort a historic preservation citation of merit.
The structure was proposed as a National Historic Site the same year, but the National Park Service controversially refused to conduct a study that would make this determination. In 1982, Congress passed legislation requiring the United States Department of the Interior to sign an agreement with the National Council of Negro Women to further restore the house and carriage house, and to establish and maintain a museum and archives in the structure. Although the NCNW would retain ownership of the house, it would "affiliate" with the National Park Service. The museum and archives were established. Another $1 million in federal money was spent refurbishing, renovating, and conserving the house. By 1987, the federal government was paying $300,000 a year to maintain the house and museum, with the remaining two-thirds of the museum's budget coming from corporations, foundations, and private citizens. Collier-Thomas left the museum in 1989.
The National Park Service purchased Council House in 1994 and renamed it the Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site. The National Council of Negro Women purchased as its new headquarters Sears House—an $8 million, six-story, historic building at 633 Pennsylvania Avenue NW. The Council House was transferred to the Park Service in October 1996.
References
External links
National Park Service: Mary McLeod Bethune Council House
The Mary McLeod Bethune Council House: African American Women Unite for Change, a National Park Service Teaching with Historic Places (TwHP) lesson plan
National Historic Sites in Washington, D.C.
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Washington, D.C.
African-American museums in Washington, D.C.
National Capital Parks-East
Italianate architecture in Washington, D.C.
Victorian architecture in Washington, D.C.
Biographical museums in Washington, D.C.
Women's museums in the United States
Protected areas established in 1982
1982 establishments in Washington, D.C.
National Council of Negro Women
African-American historic house museums
District of Columbia Inventory of Historic Sites
Logan Circle (Washington, D.C.) |
5391573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201948%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1948 Winter Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1948 Winter Olympics consisted of one event, held from 31 January to 1 February. The ski jumping portion took place at Olympiaschanze St. Moritz, while the cross-country portion took place around the hills of St. Moritz.
Medal summary
Medal table
Norway, which had won every previous Olympic medal in Nordic combined, were stunned to see Finland and Sweden split the three medals in St. Moritz.
Events
Individual
The 18 kilometre cross-country race was used to determine the cross-country scores for the nordic combined, which did not have a separate ski race. 39 competitors in that race went on to compete in the ski jumping, with each jumper taking three attempts, and the top two counting for points. The athlete with the highest combined points score was awarded the gold medal.
Participating NOCs
Thirteen nations participated in nordic combined at the St. Moritz Games. Bulgaria and France made their Olympic nordic combined debuts.
References
External links
Sports-Reference - 1948 Olympics - Nordic Combined - Individual
1948 Winter Olympics events
1948
1948 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Switzerland
Men's events at the 1948 Winter Olympics |
5391585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olive%20Lembe%20di%20Sita | Olive Lembe di Sita | Marie Olive Lembe di Sita (born 29 July 1976) is the former First Lady of the Democratic Republic of the Congo. She was the long-term girlfriend of Congolese President Joseph Kabila whom she married on 17 June 2006, becoming her country's First Lady.
In 1998, a daughter was born to the couple, Sifa Kabila, named after Kabila's mother, and former first lady Sifa Mahanya.
Wedding
On 1 June 2006, the head of the Maison Civile, Theo Mugalu, officially announced the wedding of Ms. Lembe di Sita to the President.
Two different dates emerged, some reports stating 10 June 2007, and other stating 10 June 2006. The wedding eventually took place on 17 June 2006 at the Presidential residence, in La Gombe, Kinshasa.
As President Kabila is Protestant, and Ms. Lembe di Sita is Catholic, the wedding ceremony was somewhat ecumenical, with both Cardinal Etsou, and Mgr Pierre Marini Bodho - Bishop and President of the Church of Christ in Congo, the umbrella church for most Protestant denominations in Congo - officiating. Cardinal Etsou had preeminence however.
References
1976 births
Living people
First Ladies of the Democratic Republic of the Congo
People from Maniema
Democratic Republic of the Congo Roman Catholics |
5391589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Strand%2C%20Townsville | The Strand, Townsville | The Strand is a seaside foreshore located in Townsville, Australia. It is located in the suburb of North Ward. The Strand has a view of the Port of Townsville and Magnetic Island, as well as to Cape Cleveland. Features in the area include a jetty, a recreational park, restaurants, cafes and pools.
History
The Strand has been a part of Townsville's history since the city was founded in the mid-19th century.
The current foreshore was opened in 1999 after the old foreshore was severely damaged and eroded after heavy rainfall and wind from Tropical Cyclone Sid in January 1998 and other monsoonal storms between 1997 and 1998. It was moderately damaged by Cyclone Tessi in April 2000.
The Strand was the 'cauldron stop' for Townsville, during the Australian leg of the 2000 Sydney Olympics Torch Relay.
The Strand held the 2001 Centenary of Federation events, including a fireworks display and skyshow which attracted a crowd of around 86,000.
The Strand was named Australia's cleanest Beach in 2008. This was the second time the award was given to the beach in five years.
An Anzac Day march in 2009 attracted 20,000 people to The Strand.
In 2010, 35 million was spent on redeveloping the foreshore. An estimated 80,000 people turned out on the opening weekend, which included numerous events including a pyrotechnics and fireworks display, and a skyshow.
Features
Anzac Memorial Park began as The Strand Park in the 1910s as a place for the residents of Townsville to visit and enjoy. In September 1913, a bandstand, designed by Sydney architect A.B. Polin, was officially opened by the Mayor, Alderman R.W. McLelland, and dedicated to the memory of the late Alderman J.H. Tyack. The park was progressively expanded and developed and from the 1920s became a focus for the city's ANZAC Day activities. Reflective of this important use, the park was formally renamed the ANZAC Memorial Park in 1934.
The Telecasters North Queensland Building was previously the Queens Hotel. This building was built in stages between 1902 and the 1920s by publican John Tyack, to the design of prominent architectural firm Eaton, Bates and Polin. The hotel soon acquired a reputation as being one of the finest hotels in North Queensland.
The Tobruk Memorial Baths were built between 1941 and 1950, with early construction slowed as a result of the Second World War. The Baths were designed and built by the Townsville City Council's engineering and works department and named the Tobruk Memorial Baths in honour of the Australian servicemen who had taken part in the Siege of Tobruk.
Other recreational features include:
Oceanway pavement
Rockpool
Barbecue areas
Surf Lifesaving Club
Strand Park
Waterpark
Ocean Siren, a water sculpture by Jason deCaires Taylor modelled on twelve-year-old indigenous Wulgurukaba girl Takoda Johnson, which changes colour based on the water temperature measured nearby
Events
Since the opening of the Strand, the foreshore has been used for many annual or monthly events. The fourth Friday of each month sees Strand Park used for Nightmarkets, which is a popular festivity among the local residents. Other events include the annual Townsville City Council Run Christmas events, Carols by Candlelight and Stable on the Strand, as well as a fireworks display and gathering on New Year's Eve. One example of a bi-annual event is the Strand Ephemera, wherein local and regional artists display their works along the foreshore. Some works from this event have become permanent on the foreshore, including the Silver Coconuts near the Rock Pool.
References
External links
Council site
Stable On The Strand
Queensland Place Histories: The Strand, Townsville - John Oxley Library blog, State Library of Queensland.
Tourist attractions in Queensland
Townsville |
5391593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Little%20Sugar%20River%20%28New%20Hampshire%29 | Little Sugar River (New Hampshire) | The Little Sugar River is a river in western New Hampshire in the United States. It is a tributary of the Connecticut River, which flows to Long Island Sound. The river flows parallel to and approximately south of the Sugar River.
The Little Sugar River begins on a tableland in the town of Unity, then drops to the west, cutting a small gorge past the north end of Perry Mountain, and enters the town of Charlestown. The river reaches the Connecticut just west of the village of North Charlestown.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire |
3999042 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herz%20und%20Mund%20und%20Tat%20und%20Leben%2C%20BWV%20147 | Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147 | Johann Sebastian Bach composed the church cantata (Heart and mouth and deed and life), 147 in 1723 during his first year as Thomaskantor, the director of church music in Leipzig. His cantata is part of his first cantata cycle there and was written for the Marian feast of the Visitation on 2 July, which commemorates Mary's visit to Elizabeth as narrated in the Gospel of Luke in the prescribed reading for the feast day. Bach based the music on his earlier cantata BWV 147a, written originally in Weimar in 1716 for Advent. He expanded the Advent cantata in six movements to ten movements in two parts in the new work. While the text of the Advent cantata was written by the Weimar court poet Salomo Franck, the librettist of the adapted version who added several recitatives is anonymous.
Bach began the cantata with a chorus for the full orchestra, followed by alternating recitatives and arias with often obbligato instrument. He scored it for four vocal soloists, a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble of trumpet, two oboes, strings, and continuo. The closing chorale of the earlier work was replaced by the hymn "" (1661) by Martin Janus, with a melody by Johann Schop. Two of its stanzas close the two parts of the cantata in an identical setting. While Bach often composed four-part chorales to end a cantata, he embedded such a setting here in a pastoral instrumental concerto. This music became famous in a piano transcription by Dame Myra Hess as Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring.
History and words
Bach took office as Thomaskantor, the music director in Leipzig, end of May 1723. It was part of his duties to supply music for the Sundays and feast days of the liturgical year at four churches of the town, and he decided to compose new cantatas for these occasions. He began with a cantata for the first Sunday after Trinity in 1723, performed on 30 May, and wrote a series of church cantatas until Trinity of the next year, which became known as his first cantata cycle. Some cantatas of that cycle were based on music he had composed before, including , presented as the sixth cantata of the cycle.
The Visitation was among the Marian feasts celebrated in Lutheran Germany (additional cantatas for the occasion survive, from both Bach and other composers), and was the setting for which Bach composed . The prescribed readings for the feast day were , the prophecy of the Messiah, and from the Gospel of Luke, , Mary's visit to Elizabeth, including her song of praise, the Magnificat. Bach used as a basis for the music a cantata in six movements that he had written in Weimar for the fourth Sunday in Advent 1716, Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147a. As Leipzig observed tempus clausum (time of silence) during Advent, allowing cantata music only on the first Sunday, Bach could not perform the cantata for the same occasion in Leipzig, but adapted it for the feast of the Visitation.
The Advent cantata text was written by the Weimar court poet, librarian and numismatist, Salomo Franck, who published it in his 1717 collection Evangelische Sonn- und Festtages-Andachten. He wrote four arias in a row, focused on the Advent message of "repentance, faith, preparation and conversion", in the words of John Eliot Gardiner who conducted the Bach Cantata Pilgrimage in 2000.
The text for Advent was also suitable for a feast celebrating Mary in general. An anonymous librettist adapted the text for the different occasion, mainly by adding three recitatives that clarify the relation to Visitation. He made references to the gospel reading, for example mentioning in the fourth movement, as in verse 52 of the gospel, that "the arm of the Most High thrusts the mighty from their seat and exults the lowly, and in the eighth movement, as in verse 41, that the unborn child leaps in its mother's womb. The order of the arias was changed, their text changed mostly slightly but rewritten for the last aria, and the closing chorale was replaced by the 1661 hymn "" (Jesus, my soul's delight) by Martin Janus (or Jahn). Its stanzas 6 and 17 were selected to conclude the two parts of the new cantata which were performed before and after the sermon. They express a commitment of the believer, speaking in the first person, to hold Jesus as a high treasure.
Music
Structure and scoring
Bach structured the cantata in ten movements, in two parts of six and four movements, respectively. The first movement is scored for choir and the full orchestra. The inner movements are alternating recitatives and arias for solo singers and mostly obbligato instruments. Both parts are concluded with a chorale stanza, both from the same hymn and set the same way. Bach scored the work for four vocal soloists (soprano (S), alto (A), tenor (T) and bass (B)), a four-part choir, and a Baroque instrumental ensemble: trumpet (Tr), two oboes (Ob) (oboe d'amore (Oa), oboe da caccia (Oc)), two violins (Vl), viola (Va), and basso continuo (Bc) including bassoon (Fg).
In the following table of the movements, the first columns shows the movement number, and in brackets the movement number of the Weimar cantata. The scoring follows the Neue Bach-Ausgabe. The keys and time signatures are taken from the book by Bach scholar Alfred Dürr, using the symbol for common time (4/4). The instruments are shown separately for winds and strings, while the continuo, playing throughout, is not shown.
Movements
A complex choral movement is taken from the Advent cantata. The three new recitatives are scored differently, the first as an accompagnato with chords of the strings, the second secco accompanied only by the continuo, the third as another accompagnato, with oboes. Three of the arias from the original cantata are scored for voice and solo instruments or only continuo, whereas the last aria, speaking of the miracles of Jesus, is accompanied by the full orchestra.
1
The opening chorus, "" (Heart and mouth and deed and life), renders the complete words in three sections, the third one a reprise of the first one and even the middle section not too different in character it is thus not quite in the traditional da capo form. The piece begins with an instrumental ritornello, with trumpet and oboes combining to give a solemn opening fanfare. The first section begins with an animated fugal exposition with colla parte instruments. The fugue subject stresses the word (life) by a melisma extended over three measures. The soprano starts the theme, the alto enters just one measure later, tenor after two more measures, bass one measure later, the fast succession resulting in a lively music as a good image of life. This quick passage, is followed by a purely vocal passage, sustained only by the continuo, on the words "ohne Furcht und Heuchelei". The central section is introduced by the initial ritornello, which brings an alternance of contrapuntal and harmonic phrases, before a return of the slightly varied riternello. The final section features the same pattern of entrances as the first, but building from the lowest voice to the highest. The chorus concludes with a final repetition of the riternello.
2
The first recitative for tenor, "" (Blessed mouth! Mary makes the inmost part of her soul known through thanks and praise), introduces the tender and emotive environment which characterises the work after the opening festive flourish. It is accompanied by chords from the strings. French musicologist Gilles Cantagrel describes the recitative as having a character "tenderly evoking the Virgin singing the Magnificat".
3
The first aria, "" (Do not be ashamed, o soul, to acknowledge your Savior), is scored as a trio for the oboe d'amore, alto and continuo, in an overall very expressive air that has characteristics of an intimate meditation. The initial ritornello already features a hesitant rhythm, with syncopations and hemiolas taking away from the piece's regularity: combined with the use of the alto voice (usually associated with fear or doubt), this suggests an attempt to translate into music the doubts which beset the Christian soul.
4
The second recitative is for bass, a secco accompanied only by the continuo. "" (Astonishment might dazzle the mighty, until the arm of the Highest throws them), relates to the Deposuit potentes verse from the Magnificat. This is illustrated through the intervention of the continuo, which translates the text into large ascending and descending movements.
5
The second aria, "" (Prepare, Jesus, even now the path for Yourself,), was the third in the Advent cantata. Scored as a trio, the solo violin expresses confidence in divine mercy through triplets punctuated by the continuo. The soprano occasionally soars above, giving a serene and gracious feeling to a movement which otherwise appears quite simple.
6
The chorale ending Part I is the sixth stanza from the hymn, setting a melody by Johann Schop, "", which Bach also used in his St Matthew Passion for the words "". The simple four-part choral part is embedded in a setting of the full orchestra dominated by a motive in pastoral triplets derived from the first line of the chorale melody.
Gardiner calls this music of "mellifluous beauty and apparent naturalness", and points out that it is nonetheless derived from the hymn tune.
7
In the original autograph, this movement bears two additional markings: ("second part") and ("after the sermon"), thus indicating its function within the Lutheran liturgy of the time as the conclusion of what was introduced by the first part. The third aria was the second in the Advent cantata. The tenor, accompanied only by the continuo, sings a prayer for help: "" (Help, Jesus, help that I may also acknowledge You in prosperity and in woe, in joy and in sorrow). The initial motive is repeated throughout the air, music serving to remind the associated text. The active continuo supports the vocal line, which expresses the textual call for help with striking confidence in a simple and conjunct melody.
8
The third recitative is for alto: (The wondrous hand of the exalted Almighty is active in the mysteries of the earth). It is accompanied by two oboes da caccia which add a continuous expressive motive, interrupted only when the child's leaping in the womb (in German: ) is mentioned which they illustrate. Gardiner mentions that it forebodes recitatives of the later great Passions. The text is inspired by the first two lines of the Magnificat.
9
The last aria speaks of proclaiming the miracles of Jesus. The bass is accompanied by the full orchestra: "" (I will sing of Jesus' wonders and bring my lip's offering to Him), expressing the wonders of faith with trumpet, oboes and strings giving a jubilatory tone which appears as a response to the initial chorus, with the bass adding virtuoso embellishments on "Opfer" and "Feuer", answering the continuo.
10
The chorale concluding Part II is the same music as for Part I, setting the 17th stanza, "" (Jesus shall remain my joy, my heart's comfort and sap).
The music of the chorale movements is now best known for the piano transcription by Dame Myra Hess of Hugh P. Allen's choral version of Bach's arrangement, and is notable under the title Jesu, Joy of Man's Desiring, an inexact translation which transforms the original affirmation ("Jesus remains my joy") into a wish.
Recordings
In the following table of recordings, instrumental groups playing period instruments in historically informed performances are highlighted by a green background.
References
Cited sources
External links
Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben, BWV 147: performance by the Netherlands Bach Society (video and background information)
Cantata BWV 147 Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben history, scoring, sources for text and music, translations to various languages, discography, discussion on Bach Cantatas Website
Chapter 8 BWV 147 Herz und Mund und Tat und Leben / Heart and mouth, action and life. Julian Mincham, 2010
BWV 147.6=147.10 bach-chorales.com
Church cantatas by Johann Sebastian Bach
1723 compositions |
3999061 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yua | Yua | Yua may refer to:
Yua (spirit), a spirit or soul in Yupik mythology
Yua (plant), a genus of flowering plants in the family Vitaceae
Yua Bateson, a character in the role-playing video game Breath of Fire II
You're Under Arrest! (manga), a manga created by Kōsuke Fujishima |
3999069 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/February%2029%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | February 29 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 28 - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 1
(On non-leap years, the commemorations below are celebrated on February 28.)
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 13 by Eastern Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For February 29th, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 16.
Saints
Saint Leo of Cappadocia, monastic.
Venerable John Cassian the Roman, Abbot of Monastery of St Victor, Marseille (435)
Venerable Germanus of Dacia Pontica (Dobrogea, Romania) (c. 415)
Venerable John, called Barsanuphius, of Nitria in Egypt (5th century)
Saint George the Confessor, Bishop of Defeltos (7th century)
Martyr Theocteristus, Abbot of Pelekete monastery near Prusa (8th century)
Pre-Schism Western saints
Saint Oswald of Worcester, Archbishop of York (992)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Venerable Cassian, recluse and faster of the Kiev Caves (12th century)
Saint Cassian of Mu Lake (Muezersk) Hermitage, disciple of St. Alexander of Svir (16th century)
Saint Arsenius (Matseyevich), Archbishop of Rostov (1772)
Saint Meletius, Archbishop of Kharkov and Akhtyr (1840) (see also: February 12)
Other commemorations
"Devpeteruv" Icon of the Mother of God (1392)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
February 29 / March 13. Orthodox Calendar (Pravoslavie.ru).
March 13 / February 29. Holy Trinity Russian Orthodox Church (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
February 29. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
The Autonomous Orthodox Metropolia of Western Europe and the Americas. St. Hilarion Calendar of Saints for the year of our Lord 2004. St. Hilarion Press (Austin, TX). p. 18.
The Twenty-Ninth Day of the Month of February. Orthodoxy in China.
Greek Sources
Συναξαριστής. 29 Φεβρουαρίου. Ecclesia.gr. (H Εκκλησια Τησ Ελλαδοσ).
Russian Sources
16 февраля (ст.ст.) 29 февраля 2012 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей.
February in the Eastern Orthodox calendar |
3999072 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Congruence%20bias | Congruence bias | Congruence bias is the tendency of people to over-rely on testing their initial hypothesis (the most congruent one) while neglecting to test alternative hypotheses. That is, people rarely try experiments that could disprove their initial belief, but rather try to repeat their initial results. It is a special case of the confirmation bias.
Examples
Suppose that, in an experimental setting, a subject is presented with two buttons and told that pressing one of those buttons, but not the other, will open a door. The subject adopts the hypothesis that the button on the left opens the door in question. A direct test of this hypothesis would be pressing the button on the left; an indirect test would be pressing the button on the right. The latter is still a valid test because once the result of the door's remaining closed is found, the left button is proven to be the desired button. (This example is parallel to Bruner, Goodnow, and Austin's example in the psychology classic, A Study of Thinking.)
It is possible to take this idea of direct and indirect testing and apply it to more complicated experiments in order to explain the presence of a congruence bias in people. In an experiment, a subject will test his own usually naive hypothesis again and again instead of trying to disprove it.
The classic example of subjects' congruence bias was discovered by Peter Wason (1960, 1968). Here, the experimenter gave subjects the number sequence "2, 4, 6", telling the subjects that this sequence followed a particular rule and instructing subjects to find the rule underlying the sequence logic. Subjects provided their own number sequences as tests to see if they could ascertain the rule dictating which numbers could be included in the sequence and which could not. Most subjects respond to the task by quickly deciding that the underlying rule is "numbers ascending by 2", and provide as tests only sequences concordant with this rule, such as "3, 5, 7," or even "pi plus 2, plus 4, plus 6". Each of these sequences follows the underlying rule the experimenter is thinking of, though "numbers ascending by 2" is not the actual criterion being used. However, because subjects succeed at repeatedly testing the same singular principle, they naively believe their chosen hypothesis is correct. When a subject offers up to the experimenter the hypothesis "numbers ascending by 2" only to be told he is wrong, much confusion usually ensues. At this point, many subjects attempt to change the wording of the rule without changing its meaning, and even those who switch to indirect testing have trouble letting go of the "+ 2" convention, producing potential rules as idiosyncratic as "the first two numbers in the sequence are random, and the third number is the second number plus two". Many subjects never realize that the actual rule the experimenter was using was simply just to list ascending numbers, because of the subjects' inability to consider indirect tests of their hypotheses.
Cognitive basis
Wason attributed this failure of subjects to an inability to consider alternative hypotheses, which is the root of the congruence bias. Jonathan Baron explains that subjects could be said to be using a "congruence heuristic", wherein a hypothesis is tested only by thinking of results that would be found if that hypothesis is true. This heuristic, which many people seem to use, ignores alternative hypotheses.
Baron suggests the following heuristics to avoid falling into the congruence bias trap:
Ask "How likely is a yes answer, if I assume that my hypothesis is false?" Remember to choose a test that has a high probability of giving some answer if the hypothesis is true, and a low probability if it is false.
"Try to think of alternative hypotheses; then choose a test most likely to distinguish them—a test that will probably give different results depending on which is true." An example of the need for the heuristic could be seen in a doctor's attempting to diagnose appendicitis. In that situation, assessing a white blood cell count would not assist in diagnosis because an elevated white blood cell count is associated with a number of maladies.
See also
List of cognitive biases
References
Bibliography
Reference books
Cognitive biases
Cognition
Cognitive science |
3999076 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Morse%20Felton%20Sr. | Samuel Morse Felton Sr. | Samuel Morse Felton Sr. (1809–1889) was a civil engineer and railroad executive.
Early life
Samuel Morse Felton was born on July 17, 1809 in West Newbury, Massachusetts. At the age of 14, he went into the grocery business and prepared for college. He graduated from Harvard University in 1833.
Career
Felton was the Superintendent and engineer of the Fitchburg Railroad 1843-1851 and president of the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad (PW&B) from 1851–1865, during the pivotal American Civil War era. In 1865, he suffered a stroke that left him with paralysis and compelled him to resign his role as President of the PW&B.
A few months after resigning from PW&B, he became the President of the Pennsylvania Steel Company. While at Pennsylvania Steel, Felton also served on the boards of directors of several railroads, including his former Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad, the Lehigh Coal & Navigation Company, the Northern Pacific Railway, and the Ogdensburg and Lake Champlain Railroad. In 1869 he was appointed by 18th President Ulysses S. Grant (1822-1885, served 1869-1877), as a Commissioner to inspect the trans-continental and Pacific Railroads. He was also appointed by Governor John Albion Andrew as a member of the Hoosac Tunnel Commission.
He was elected as a member to the American Philosophical Society in 1854.
Personal life
Felton married Eleanor Stetson in 1839, and together they had three daughters. She died in 1847. In 1850, he married Maria Low Lippitt. Together, they had one daughter and three sons. One of his sons, Samuel Morse Felton Jr. (1853-1930), was also involved like his father with engineering and railroading with several different lines and supervised railroad operations in France on the Western Front in World War I (1914/1917-1918).
Felton was the brother of Harvard College / Harvard University president Cornelius Conway Felton in Cambridge, Massachusetts and attorney John B. Felton.
He died on January 24, 1889 in Philadelphia.
References
External links
Samuel Morse Felton Family Papers, 1841-1930 Archives Center, National Museum of American History, Smithsonian Institution.
Samuel Morse Felton (Sr) Collection at Baker Library Special Collections, Harvard Business School
1809 births
1889 deaths
19th-century American railroad executives
American steel industry businesspeople
People from West Newbury, Massachusetts
Harvard University alumni |
3999078 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strongylidae | Strongylidae | Strongyles (from the Greek strongulos, meaning round), or alternatively, strongyls, are nematode worms of the family Strongylidae, order Strongylida. They are often parasitic in the gastrointestinal tract of mammals, especially grazers such as sheep, cattle and horses.
Genera
Genera:
Alocostoma Mawson, 1979
Bidentostomum Tshoijo, 1957
Borania Ricci, 1939
Caballonema Abuladze, 1937
Chabertiella Tadros, 1964
Chapiniella Yamaguti, 1961
Choniangium Henry & Bauche, 1914
Codiostomum Railliet & Henry, 1911
Coronocyclus Hartwich, 1986
Craterostomum Boulenger, 1920
Crycophorus Chaves, 1930
Cyathostomum Molin, 1861
Cylicocyclus Ihle, 1922
Cylicodontophorus Ihle, 1922
Cylicostephanus Ihle, 1922
Cylindropharynx Leiper, 1911
Decrusia Lane, 1914
Dicerocola Round, 1962
Equinurbia Lane, 1914
Eucyathostomum Molin, 1861
Gyalocephalus Looss, 1900
Hsiungia K'ung & Yang, 1964
Hudsonia Leroux, 1940
Hypodontus Mönnig, 1929
Javellia Ricci, 1939
Khalilia Neveu-Lemaire, 1924
Kiluluma Skrjabin, 1916
Macropicola Mawson, 1978
Macropostrongyloides Yamaguti, 1961
Maplestonema Johnston & Mawson, 1939
Murshidia Lane, 1914
Neomurshidia Chabaud, 1957
Oesophagodontus Railliet & Henry, 1902
Oesophagostomoides Schwartz, 1928
Oesophagostomum
Paradoxostrongylus Özdikmen, 2010
Paramacropostrongylus Johnson & Mawson, 1940
Parapoteriostomum Hartwich, 1986
Parastrongyloides Morgan, 1928
Petrovinema Erschov, 1943
Phascolostongylus
Phascolostrongylus Canavan, 1931
Poteriostomum Quiel, 1919
Quilonia Lane, 1914
Rhinocerotonema Jiang, Yin & Kung, 1986
Sauricola Chapin, 1924
Skladnikia Ricci, 1939
Strongylus Müller, 1780
Theileriana Monnig, 1924
Tridentoinfundibulum Tschoijo, 1958
Triodontophorus Looss, 1902
Wuia K'ung, 1959
Zebrincola Ricci, 1939
References
External links
uniprot
Nematode families
Parasitic nematodes of mammals
Parasites of equines
Veterinary helminthology |
3999083 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gauley%20River%20National%20Recreation%20Area | Gauley River National Recreation Area | The Gauley River National Recreation Area, located near Summersville, West Virginia, protects a portion of the Gauley River and a segment of the Meadow River in southern West Virginia. Little of the national recreation area is accessible via roads; one must travel via the river. At the upstream end of the park is the Summersville Dam, the only area of the park accessible by vehicle.
Rapids
Within the park are a number of Class V rapids. They have been given names such as:
Insignificant
Pillow Rock
Lost Paddle
Iron Ring
Sweet's Falls
References
External links
Official NPS Site
Summersville Lake water levels and outflow
National Park Service National Recreation Areas
Protected areas of Fayette County, West Virginia
Protected areas of Nicholas County, West Virginia
National Park Service areas in West Virginia
Rivers of West Virginia
Rivers of Fayette County, West Virginia
Rivers of Nicholas County, West Virginia
IUCN Category V |
3999086 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%20Federal%20Route%2095 | Malaysia Federal Route 95 | Federal Route 95, or Jalan Kukup, is a federal road in Johor, Malaysia, connecting Pontian Kechil to the fishing town of Kukup. It is also a main route to Tanjung Piai.
Route background
The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 95 starts at Kukup.
Features
At most sections, the Federal Route 95 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, allowing maximum speed limit of up to 90 km/h.
List of junctions and towns
References
095 |
5391602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201952%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1952 Winter Olympics | At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, one Nordic combined event was contested.
This marked the first time in Olympic history that the ski jumping portion of the competition was held before the 18 km cross-country skiing segment.
Medalists
Results
Participating NOCs
Eleven nations participated in nordic combined at the Oslo Games. Romania made their first, and as of 2010, only appearance in the sport.
References
External links
Official Olympic Report
Sports-Reference - 1952 Olympics - Nordic Combined - Individual
1952 Winter Olympics events
1952
1952 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Norway
Men's events at the 1952 Winter Olympics |
5391607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egne%20hjem%20tram%20stop | Egne hjem tram stop | Egne hjem was an Oslo Metro and Oslo Tramway station on the Kolsås Line located in Bærum, Norway. The station was situated between Ringstabekk and Bekkestua, from Stortinget.
The station was opened on 3 November 1924. In 2006, it was the least busy station on this subway line and was located only from Ringstabekk and from Bekkestua. Owing to the low number of passengers and poor location, the station will not be reopened.
References
Official document about plans to upgrade Kolsåsbanen (.doc file, Norwegian)
Table over the western T-bane stations
Oslo Metro stations in Bærum
Oslo Tramway stations in Bærum
Railway stations opened in 1924
Railway stations closed in 2006
Disused Oslo Metro stations
1924 establishments in Norway
2006 disestablishments in Norway |
5391610 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercury%20House%20%28publishers%29 | Mercury House (publishers) | Mercury House is nonprofit publishing company, founded in 1986 by William M. Brinton.
References
Small press publishing companies
Publishing companies established in 1986
Literary publishing companies
Non-profit publishers |
5391623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intertrochanteric%20line | Intertrochanteric line | The intertrochanteric line (or spiral line of the femur ) is a line located on the anterior side of the proximal end of the femur.
Structure
The rough, variable ridge stretches between the lesser trochanter and the greater trochanter forming the base of the neck of the femur, roughly following the direction of the shaft of the femur. The iliofemoral ligament — the largest ligament of the human body — attaches above the line which also strengthens the capsule of the hip joint.
The lower half, less prominent than the upper half, gives origin to the upper part of the Vastus medialis.
Just like the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the femoral head, the intertrochanteric line marks the transition between the femoral neck and shaft.
The distal capsular attachment on the femur follows the shape of the irregular rim between the head and the neck. As a consequence, the capsule of the hip joint attaches in the region of the intertrochanteric line on the anterior side, but a finger away from the intertrochanteric crest on the posterior side of the head.
The fibers of the ischiocapsular ligament attach both into the joint capsule and onto the intertrochanteric line.
Clinical significance
Intertrochantric fractures
This area of the femur being an important pillar for weight bearing through the skeletal system is subject to comparatively high levels of dynamic stress, pathological strain, physiological strain and trauma. This area is prone to fractures due to high velocity trauma in the young and trivial trauma in the elderly. The fractures in this line are called intertrochantric fractures and are classified as per the pattern of the fracture geometry.
After a fracture this area of bone is notorious for uniting in varying, and sometimes problematic angles. Therefore, it typically requires early surgical reduction and fixation with early mobilization and weight bearing in order to facilitate enhanced recovery.
References
Bibliography
(ISBN for the Americas 1-58890-159-9.)
External links
()
Bones of the lower limb
Femur |
3999091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Angeles%20County%20Department%20of%20Medical%20Examiner-Coroner | Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner | The Los Angeles County Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner (formerly the Department of Coroner) was created in its present form in Boyle Heights on December 17, 1920 by an ordinance approved by the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors, although it has existed in some form since the late 19th century. On September 3, 2020, the Los Angeles County Board of Supervisors approved the name change for the department, from the Department of the Coroner to the Department of Medical Examiner-Coroner.
On July 9, 2010, the Board of Supervisors approved the appointment of Mark A. Fajardo, the Chief Forensic Pathologist at Riverside County, as the new Medical Examiner-Coroner, at an annual salary of $275,000. He formally replaced Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran, who served 2 years as the Coroner, in August 2013.
Dr. Mark Fajardo resigned in March 2016. A news report indicated that "he left because it became common to have up to 50 bodies waiting to be processed and the backlog of bodies was 'nuts'. ... and toxicology tests were taking six months to complete" due to inadequate staffing.
Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran was re-appointed, but as interim coroner, on April 11, 2016. As of December 30, 2016, the position of Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner had not been permanently filled. A search process had been initiated by the county, with Ralph Andersen & Associates working "to develop a customized recruitment brochure for this position".
Dr. Jonathan R. Lucas was appointed as the Chief Medical Examiner-Coroner on July 10, 2017.
List of coroners
Horace G. Cates: 1892-1896
Theodore Curphey: March 19, 1957 – October 25, 1967
Thomas Noguchi: October 26, 1967 – April 27, 1982
Ronald Kornblum: April 27, 1982 – July 1, 1990
J. Lawrence Cogan (Acting): July 2, 1990 – February 18, 1992
Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran: February 18, 1992 – March 31, 2013
Mark A. Fajardo: August 12, 2013 – April 11, 2016
Lakshmanan Sathyavagiswaran (interim): April 11, 2016 – January 18, 2017
Christopher Rogers (Acting): January 19, 2017 – July 9, 2017
Jonathan R. Lucas: July 10, 2017 – present
See also
References
External links
Boyle Heights, Los Angeles
County government agencies in California
Government of Los Angeles County, California
Medical examiners |
3999095 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Capital%20Parks-East | National Capital Parks-East | National Capital Parks-East (NACE) is an administrative grouping of multiple National Park Service sites east of the United States Capitol in Washington, D.C., and in the state of Maryland. These sites include:
Anacostia Park
Baltimore-Washington Parkway
Buzzard Point Park and Buzzard Point Marina
Capitol Hill Parks
Carter G. Woodson Home National Historic Site
Civil War Defenses of Washington – Fort Circle Parks – Includes the Civil War Forts and interconnecting parkways from Fort Greble to Fort Mahan.
Fort Davis Park
Fort Dupont Park
Fort Foote Park
Fort Stanton
Fort Washington Park
Frederick Douglass National Historic Site
Greenbelt Park
Harmony Hall
James Creek Marina
Kenilworth Park and Aquatic Gardens
Mary McLeod Bethune Council House National Historic Site
Oxon Cove Park and Oxon Hill Farm
Oxon Run Parkway (affiliated area)
Piscataway Park
Shepherd Parkway
Suitland Parkway
NPS Visitor Contact Facilities
The headquarters of NACE is located in Anacostia Park at 1900 Anacostia Drive, SE. It is not a visitor center, but has an information desk in the lobby and is open to the public 9:00 AM – 4:00 PM, Monday through Friday.
Fort Washington Park has a Visitor Center that is open daily 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM, April through October. The rest of the year, it closes at 4:00 PM.
Frederick Douglass NHS is open daily 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM, April through October. The rest of the year, it closes at 4:30 PM.
Greenbelt Park Ranger Station is open daily 8:00 AM to 3:45 PM. The Park Headquarters is open five days a week 8:00 AM to 3:45 PM.
Kenilworth Park & Aquatic Gardens book store and contact station is open daily 9:00 AM to 4:30 PM.
Mary McLeod Bethune Council House NHS is open daily 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM, April through October. The rest of the year, it closes at 4:30 PM.
References
External links
1965 establishments in Washington, D.C.
Protected areas established in 1965 |
3999103 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corpus%20Christi%20Caller-Times | Corpus Christi Caller-Times | The Corpus Christi Caller-Times is the newspaper of record for Corpus Christi, Texas.
History
There has been a newspaper in Corpus Christi for almost as long as there has been a town. In 1883, the Caller was started in a frame building at 310 North Chaparral, now the site of Green's Jewelers. Roy Miller was editor of the Caller 1907–1911, when it was an enterprise of the King Ranch; he sold his interest in it in 1929. Later, there was a newspaper called the Times. Both were located on North Chaparral in 1920. In the late 1920s, the two were combined to become the Caller-Times. The present building was erected in 1935 at 820 North Lower Broadway and has subsequently been remodeled and enlarged several times. The most recent addition was completed in 1994 when a new Goss Metroliner offset press was installed in a $10 million expansion.
Another milestone was reached in August 1995 – the Internet edition of Caller-Times was launched. The site was re-designed and renamed caller.com in 1998.
Caller.com was redesigned and relaunched with a new platform in November 2001. The site remained mostly the same until May 2007 when it launched a new design and layout.
On October 15, 1997, the paper itself, long owned by Harte-Hanks Communications, was taken over by the Scripps Howard group.
In the early days, the paper cost just a few cents and until well after World War II, was delivered on bicycles. In 1939 the Caller-Times employed 100 people. Currently, there are nearly 100 full and part-time employees working at the Caller-Times.
Awards
The Caller-Times and Caller.com have consistently been recognized for quality. In 2001, Caller-Times was named Best Daily Newspaper by the Press Club of Dallas in a 5-state competition area. Staff also won 9 other "Katies." The Caller-Times has been chosen best newspaper in the 100,000 and under circulation category nine of the 13 years the category has been judged and was runner-up three of the other four years.
The newspaper in the news
The Caller-Times was the first source to report on U.S. Vice President Dick Cheney's hunting accident. The accident took place in the early evening of Saturday, February 11, 2006. Katharine Armstrong, the owner of the ranch on which the accident took place, waited until the next morning to inform the Caller-Times.
References
External links
Newspapers published in Texas
Mass media in Corpus Christi, Texas
Gannett publications
Daily newspapers published in the United States |
3999106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20American%20International%20Toy%20Fair | North American International Toy Fair | The North American International Toy Fair (formerly the American International Toy Fair and also known as Toy Fair New York) is an annual toy industry trade show held in mid-February in New York City's Jacob K. Javits Convention Center and at toy showrooms around the city. The event is open to the toy trade only – toy industry professionals, retailers, and press representatives. It is produced by The Toy Association. Toy Fair New York's promoters describe it as the largest toy trade show in the Western hemisphere.
History
Toy Fair began in February 1903. The first event featured less than ten toy companies with Lionel trains among the featured products. As the event expanded, more space was needed which led to toy companies occupying 200 Fifth Avenue, a former hotel site, in 1910. By 1925, it was renamed the International Toy Center.
The 117th annual Toy Fair, held February 22–25, 2020 at the Jacob K. Javits Convention Center, attracted tens of thousands of play innovators (manufacturers, distributors, importers, sales agents, inventors, entrepreneurs, licensors, retail buyers) to preview toys and games across 445,817 net square feet of exhibit space. Nearly 1,000 members of the press attended to report on the top toy trends. Overall, approximately 100 countries were represented at the show.
The 2021 Toy Fair was cancelled to the COVID-19 pandemic. While the show planned to return in 2022, the event was cancelled due to COVID-19 for a second year in a row in January 2022, after multiple major exhibitors announced that they would not participate due to concerns over Omicron variant. The Toy Association CEO Steve Pasierb stated that they were obligated to "make the best decision in everyone's interest no matter how heartbreaking for so many and potentially damaging some business’ future prospects."
Venues
The Javits Center exhibits feature demonstrations and displays in a mostly open trade show setting. Historically, toy district showrooms near the Flatiron building also allowed buyers to consult with sales representatives from the major toy manufacturers in a quieter setting. Each building (they were interconnected by upper story walkways) contained relatively small showrooms from many manufacturers. Products featured included current lines as well as samples of products not yet introduced, or products under development. Many manufacturers staged receptions or events prior to the fair itself for invited buyers, media representatives, or dignitaries.
Attendance
Registration is open to the trade only. Admission for buyers is free, but proof of participation in the toy industry is required. Admission for toy manufacturer employees and media is not free, and credentials are required. Attendees must be aged 18 years or older.
References
External links
Toy Fair New York
1903 establishments in New York City
Recurring events established in 1903
Trade shows in the United States
Economy of New York City
Toy industry
Festivals established in 1903 |
3999110 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Capitol%20Street | East Capitol Street | East Capitol Street is a major street that divides the northeast and southeast quadrants of Washington, D.C. It runs due east from the United States Capitol to the DC-Maryland border. The street is uninterrupted until Lincoln Park then continues eastward to Robert F. Kennedy Memorial Stadium. East of the stadium, East Capitol crosses the Anacostia River over the Whitney Young Memorial Bridge and then goes underneath Route 295 before crossing into Prince George's County, Maryland where it becomes Maryland State Highway 214.
The western stretch of East Capitol Street, which passes through the heart of Washington's Capitol Hill neighborhood, includes some of the priciest real estate in the city. East Capitol Street is home to the Folger Shakespeare Library.
Capitol Hill
Streets in Washington, D.C. |
5391626 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nordic%20combined%20at%20the%201956%20Winter%20Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1956 Winter Olympics | Nordic combined at the 1956 Winter Olympics consisted of one event, held from 29 January to 31 January. The ski jumping portion took place at Trampolino Olimpico, while the cross-country portion took place at Lo Stadio della neve.
Standings were determined by the combined length of 3 jumps per entrant and combined style points (best 2 out of 3), awarded by a pool of 5 international judges. The cross-country course had a vertical drop of , a maximum climb of and a total climb.
Medal summary
Medal table
Franciszek Gąsienica Groń's bronze medal was the first, and as of 2010, only, medal for Poland in nordic combined.
Events
Individual
Athletes did three normal hill ski jumps, with the lowest score dropped. They then raced a 15 kilometre cross-country course, with the time converted to points. The athlete with the highest combined points score was awarded the gold medal.
Participating NOCs
Twelve nations participated in nordic combined at the Cortina Games. The Soviet Union made their Olympic nordic combined debut.
References
External links
Sports-Reference - 1956 Olympics - Nordic Combined - Individual
1956 Winter Olympics events
1956
1956 in Nordic combined
Nordic combined competitions in Italy
Men's events at the 1956 Winter Olympics |
5391636 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inland%20Revenue%20Ordinance | Inland Revenue Ordinance | The Inland Revenue Ordinance is one of Hong Kong's Ordinances. It regulates the inland revenue of Hong Kong.
Most commonly used sections
Interpretation
IRO Section.2 Interpretation of some terms using in the ordinance.
Property tax
IRO Section.5 Charge of property tax
IRO Section.5B Ascertainment of assessable value
IRO Section.7C Rental Bad debts (irrecoverable & recovered)
Salaries tax
IRO Section.8 Charge of salaries tax
IRO Section.9 Definition of income from employment
Profit tax
IRD Rules 5 Charge of Profit tax in respect of non-resident
IRO Section.14 Charge of profits tax
IRO Section.15 Certain amounts deemed trading receipts
IRO Section.16 Ascertainment of chargeable profits
IRO Section.17 Deductions not allowed
Tax computation
IRO Section.18 Basis for computing profits
IRO Section.18F Adjustment of assessable profits
IRO Section.19 Treatment of losses
IRO Section.20 Liability of certain non-resident persons
IRO Section.20A Consignment Tax
IRO Section.22 Assessment of partnerships
IRO Section.24 Clubs, trade associations, etc.
IRO Section.25 Deduction of property tax from profits tax
Any person's HK property tax payable can be set off by the same HK profit tax payable.
IRO Section.26A Exclusion of certain profits from tax
IRO Section.26B Concessionary deductions, general provisions
IRO Section.26C Approved charitable donations
IRO Section.26D Elderly residential care expenses
IRO Section.26E Home loan interest
IRO Section.26G Contributions to recognized retirement schemes
IRO Section.27 Allowances, general provisions
IRO Section.28 Basic allowance
IRO Section.29 Married person's allowance
IRO Section.30 Dependent parent allowance
IRO Section.31 Child allowance
IRO Section.32 Single parent allowance
IRO Section.34 Initial and annual allowances, industrial buildings and structures
IRO Section.35 Balancing allowances and charges, buildings and structures
IRO Section.37 Initial and annual allowances, machinery or plant
IRO Section.38 Balancing allowances and charges, machinery or plant
IRO Section.41 Election for personal assessment
Tax administration
IRO Section.51 Returns and information to be furnished
IRO Section.51C Business records to be kept
IRO Section.51D Rent records to be kept
IRO Section.56A Joint owners and co-owners
IRO Section.88 Exemption of charitable bodies
IRO Section.88A Advance rulings
See also
List of Hong Kong legislation
External links
Inland Revenue Ordinance Cap.112 (online)
Taxation in Hong Kong
Hong Kong legislation |
3999117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/March%201%20%28Eastern%20Orthodox%20liturgics%29 | March 1 (Eastern Orthodox liturgics) | February 28 (February 29) - Eastern Orthodox liturgical calendar - March 2
All fixed commemorations below are observed on March 14 by Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar.
For March 1st, Orthodox Churches on the Old Calendar commemorate the Saints listed on February 16 (February 17 on leap years).
Saints
Righteous martyr Eudokia of Heliopolis (107)
Martyrs Nestorianus (Nestor), Tribimius, Marcellus, and Anthony, of Perge in Pamphylia, by the sword (249-251)
Martyr Antonina of Nicaea in Bithynia (c. 286-305) (see also: June 12)
Virgin-martyr Domnina of Syria (c. 460)
Martyrs Antonius, Marcellus, Silvester and Sophronius, in Palestine.
Martyrs Agapius, Nicephorus and Charisius.
Saint Silvester.
Saint Synesius, ascetic of Lysos, Cyprus.
Pre-Schism Western saints
260 Martyrs of Rome (c. 269)
Martyrs Hermes, Adrian and Companions, in Numidia in North Africa under Maximian Herculeus (c. 290)
Martyr Luperculus (3rd century)
Martyrs Leo, Donatus, Abundantius, Nicephorus, and nine others - a group of thirteen martyrs who laid down their lives for Christ in North Africa.
Saint Felix III, Pope of Rome from 483-492 (492)
Saint Herculanus of Perugia, Bishop of Perugia in Italy, beheaded by soldiers of Totila of the Ostrogoths (549) (see also: November 7)
Saint Albinus of Angers (Aubin) (c. 550)
Saint David of Wales, patron saint of Wales (c. 589)
Saint Marnock (Marnanus, Marnan, Marnoc) (c. 625)
Saint Suitbert (Swithbert), "Apostle of the Frisians", monastic founder in the Netherlands (713)
Saint Siviard, monk at Saint-Calais on the River Anisole in France, who succeeded his father as abbot of the monastery (729)
Saint Monan (874)
Venerable Luke of Sicily (Leo Luke of Corleone, Leoluca), Abbot of the Monastery of Mount Mula in Calabria and Wonderworker (c. 915).
Martyrs Gervasius and Leo (Léon I or Leo of Rouen, "Apostle of the Basques" and Bishop of Bayonne), brothers (c. 900).
Saint Rudesind, a Galician bishop and abbot (977)
Post-Schism Orthodox saints
Venerable Agapius of the Vatopedi Monastery on Mount Athos (13th century).
Venerable Martyrius, Abbot of Zelenetsk in Pskov (1603)
New martyr Parascevas of Trebizond (1659)
New martyrs and confessors
New hieromartyr Methodius, of Russia (1920)
New martyr Antonina of Kizliar, Abbess (1924)
New martyr Anastasia Andreyevna, Fool-for-Christ, in the North Caucasus.
New Hieromartyr Olga (1937)
New Hieromartyr Peter Lyubimov, Archpriest, of Kishkino, Moscow (1938)
New Hieromartyrs (1938):
Basil Nikitsky, John Streltsov, Benjamin Famintsev, and Michael Bukrinsky, priests;
New Hieromartyr Anthony Korzh, Hierodeacon of Kiziltash Monastery, Crimea;
Virgin-martyrs Anna, Daria Zaitseva, Eudokia Arkhipov, Alexandra Dyachkova;
Martyr Basil Arkhipov;
Virgin-martyr Hope (Nadezhda) Abakumova.
New Hieromartyr Alexander Ilyenkov of Berdyansk (Simferopol-Crimea), priest (1942)
New Hieromartyr Basil Konstantinov-Grishin, priest (1943)
Other commemorations
Repose of Barsanuphius (Hrynevich), Archbishop of Tver (1958)
Icon gallery
Notes
References
Sources
March 1 / 14. Orthodox Calendar (PRAVOSLAVIE.RU).
March 14 / March 1. HOLY TRINITY RUSSIAN ORTHODOX CHURCH (A parish of the Patriarchate of Moscow).
March 1. OCA - The Lives of the Saints.
March 1. Latin Saints of the Orthodox Patriarchate of Rome.
The Roman Martyrology. Transl. by the Archbishop of Baltimore. Last Edition, According to the Copy Printed at Rome in 1914. Revised Edition, with the Imprimatur of His Eminence Cardinal Gibbons. Baltimore: John Murphy Company, 1916. pp. 62–63.
Rev. Richard Stanton. A Menology of England and Wales, or, Brief Memorials of the Ancient British and English Saints Arranged According to the Calendar, Together with the Martyrs of the 16th and 17th Centuries. London: Burns & Oates, 1892. pp. 92–95.
Greek Sources
Great Synaxaristes: 1 ΜΑΡΤΙΟΥ. ΜΕΓΑΣ ΣΥΝΑΞΑΡΙΣΤΗΣ.
Συναξαριστής. 1 Μαρτίου. ECCLESIA.GR. (H ΕΚΚΛΗΣΙΑ ΤΗΣ ΕΛΛΑΔΟΣ).
Russian Sources
14 марта (1 марта). Православная Энциклопедия под редакцией Патриарха Московского и всея Руси Кирилла (электронная версия). (Orthodox Encyclopedia - Pravenc.ru).
1 марта (ст.ст.) 14 марта 2013 (нов. ст.). Русская Православная Церковь Отдел внешних церковных связей. (DECR).
March 01 |
3999119 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yangzhou%20fried%20rice | Yangzhou fried rice | Yangzhou fried rice (Traditional Chinese: 揚州炒飯; Simplified Chinese : 扬州炒饭; Pinyin : Yángzhōu chǎofàn) is a popular Chinese-style wok fried rice dish in many Chinese restaurants throughout the world. It is commonly sold in the UK as special fried rice and in the US as house special fried rice.
Ingredients
The difference between Yangzhou fried rice and ordinary fried rice is that Yangzhou style invariably includes a combination of proteins. Rather than using a single protein like shrimp or pork or chicken as the dominant ingredient in fried rice, Yangzhou uses a variety. Most commonly used is a combination of pork, shrimp and frequently chicken or duck. Ordinarily, some of its staple items include:
Cooked rice (preferably day-old, because freshly cooked rice is too sticky due to higher water content)
Chinese-style roast pork or lap cheong
Some sort of seafood, generally shrimp
Roasted or boiled chicken, duck or other protein
Scallions (spring onions or green onions), chopped, including green end
Fresh vegetables such as kai-lan, carrots, peas, corn, bamboo shoots, etc.
Egg
Sea cucumber and crab meat are traditional elements. The peas may be a replacement for the green onions. Some recipes include Shaoxing wine. Some western Chinese restaurants also use soy sauce to flavor the rice, and add meat such as chicken.
History
Yangzhou fried rice is a perhaps the most well-known dish of the city of Yangzhou, Jiangsu province. The recipe was invented by Qing China's Yi Bingshou (1754–1815) and the dish was named Yangzhou fried rice since Yi was once the regional magistrate of Yangzhou. It is often served with thousand fish soup. There are two ways of cooking the dish in terms of the preparation of the egg scrambled. The first variation is known as "silver-covered gold", in which the egg is scrambled separately before mixing with the rice. The alternative "gold-covered silver" method is described as pouring the liquid egg over the rice and vegetables mix and frying the two together. Various traditions call for a rice–egg ratio of 5:1 or 3:1.
Failed world record attempt
In October 2015, as part of the 2,500th anniversary of the town of Yangzhou, an attempt was made in Yangzhou at beating the previous world record for fried rice set in 2014 by the Turkey culinary federation. The attempt, made by the World Association of Chinese Cuisine resulted in of Yangzhou fried rice being produced by a team of 300 cooks. The organizers initially planned to send the end product to five companies for consumption by their staff. However, about of it ended up as pig swill, as it had been cooked for four hours and was felt unsuitable for human consumption. As per the organizers' intents, the rest was sent to local canteens. However, due to a part of it being sent to feed animals, the world record attempt was disqualified, as a Guinness World Records spokesman said that it had become obvious that the dish was not fit for human consumption.
See also
List of Chinese dishes
List of fried rice dishes
References
American Chinese cuisine
American rice dishes
Canadian Chinese cuisine
Cantonese cuisine
Chinese rice dishes
Fried rice
Hong Kong cuisine
Macau cuisine
Yangzhou
American pork dishes |
5391644 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens%20Healthineers | Siemens Healthineers | Siemens Healthineers AG (formerly Siemens Healthcare, Siemens Medical Solutions, Siemens Medical Systems) is a German medical device company. It is the parent company for several medical technology companies and is headquartered in Erlangen, Germany. The company dates its early beginnings in 1847 to a small family business in Berlin, co-founded by Werner von Siemens. Siemens Healthineers is connected to the larger corporation, Siemens AG. The name Siemens Medical Solutions was adopted in 2001, and the change to Siemens Healthcare was made in 2008. In 2015, Siemens named Bernd Montag as its new global CEO. In May 2016, the business operations of Siemens Healthcare GmbH were rebranded "Siemens Healthineers."
Globally, the companies owned by Siemens Healthineers have 65,000 employees.
History
19th century
The history of Siemens Healthineers started in Berlin in the mid-19th century as a part of what is now known as Siemens AG. Siemens & Halske was founded by Werner von Siemens and Johann Georg Halske on 12 October 1847. The company formed around an invention created by Siemens called the pointer telegraph. Based on the telegraph, Werner von Siemens' new invention used a needle to point to the sequence of letters, instead of using Morse code. The company, then called Telegraphen-Bauanstalt von Siemens & Halske, opened its first workshop on 12 October. Eventually, the new company included electrometrical equipment and specialized in medical technology.
Three years previously, in 1844, Werner von Siemens put one of his inventions to use for medical purposes for the first time, using electricity to treat his brother Friedrich for tooth pain. After teaming up with Halske, the new company's products included electromedical equipment. In Erlangen, Erwin Moritz Reiniger laid the cornerstone for Reiniger, Gebbert & Schall, a company specializing in medical technology.
In 1896, only one year after Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen discovered the X-ray, Siemens produced the first industrially manufactured X-ray tubes for medical diagnostics.
20th century
In Aschaffenburg, Germany, X-ray pioneer Friedrich Dessauer founded his own company, which later came to prominence under the name Veifa-Werke. The companies maintained close ties with each other, finally merging in 1932 to form Siemens-Reiniger-Werke (SRW). The company soon came to be viewed as the world's largest specialized electromedical company. Later, in 1933, Siemens introduced rotating anode tubes for X-rays that could withstand much greater electrical loads, laying the foundation for the development of modern X-ray tubes.
Supported by Siemens in Erlangen, Inge Edler, a Swedish physician, and physicist Carl Hellmuth Hertz were intrigued by the idea of using ultrasound technology to achieve more precise heart diagnoses. In 1953, they became the first to use the ultrasound technique for echocardiography. Today, this powerful ultrasound process is a standard component of all cardiovascular examinations.
In 1958, Elema-Schönander AB (subsequently Siemens-Elema AB) developed the first cardiac pacemaker implanted in a critically ill heart patient by surgeon Åke Senning.
Siemens engineer Ralph Soldner developed the world's first "real-time" ultrasound unit, the Vidoson, in the 1960s. With this technology, technicians could view movements inside the body on a screen right while they were taking place, a feature that became especially important in obstetrics and pediatrics.
The company released its first computed tomography scanner, the Siretom, in 1975, a year after it exhibited its first tomographic image of a human head at the annual meeting of the Radiological Society of North America in Chicago. A typical examination took less than six minutes. The skull is scanned from various directions by an X-ray tube and a detector unit, and an image of absorption distribution in the brain is generated in the computer.
The first magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scanner, Siemens' MAGNETOM system, came to the market in 1983. With the aid of powerful magnetic fields, MRI scanners produce high-quality cross-sectional images without exposing patients to radiation. The sectional images displayed tissues and organs more clearly than ever before.
In 1998, Siemens introduced the first track-based laboratory automation system, the ADVIA LabCell Automation Solution, allowing for increased efficiency and reduced costs.
Siemens imaging devices use the syngo image processing software developed by the company in 1999. The software provides a single user interface for a large number of imaging systems, integrating patient-specific physiological and imaging data into clinical workflows.
21st century
Siemens was the first to combine positron emission tomography (PET) with computed tomography (CT). By creating this hybrid imaging system, Siemens combined the PET scanner's ability to visualize biological processes of life with a CT systems anatomical image of tissues and organs. In doing so, the combination system gives a more detailed image of anatomy and biological function. Time magazine named the Siemens Biograph, the world's first commercial PET-CT scanner, the "Innovation of the Year" in 2000.
In a similar fashion, Siemens launched the Biograph mMR in 2010, the first scanner to completely combine MRI and PET technologies. Like PET-CT, PET-MR hybrid systems combine multiple technologies to provide a better image of the body, enabling for better diagnoses, research and treatment plans for patients. It combines precise images of the body's organs from MRI with metabolic cell activity from PET.
In 2011, Siemens discontinued its linear accelerators for the treatment of cancer, citing cost pressures and a decision to focus on diagnostic imaging in cancer.
In May 2016, Siemens AG rebranded the healthcare division from Siemens Healthcare to Siemens Healthineers. The change reflected part of the Siemens AG Vision 2020 strategy announced nearly two years previously that its healthcare business would be separately managed as a company within the company with a new organizational setup. CEO Bernd Montag introduced the name along with a five-minute dance routine celebration outside the Healthineers headquarters in Erlangen. The routine was met with ridicule; the Financial Times called it a "Writhing spandex clad horror." Multiple outlets called the new logo similar to that of Fitbit and called the rebranding a failure at large. The name also led some people to believe that it was an article from The Onion. Montag later admitted that the dance routine was a mistake.
In November 2017 the company announced its intention to become publicly-listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange in March 2018. A minority stake of up to 25% was expected to be sold at part of the IPO, which would be Germany's largest listing since the IPO of Deutsche Telekom in 1996. The first day of trading was 16 March 2018, with a 15% stake sold at an initial share price of €28.00.
Charitable activities
Siemens Healthineers has supported charitable giving around the world. The company has supported such programs such as the American Society for Clinical Pathology's (ASCP) laboratory student scholarships, the PATH Ingenuity Fellows mentorship program, and others.
The company has also contributed to disaster relief efforts. In response to hurricane Katrina in 2005, Siemens Healthineers donated heart monitors and imaging equipment to Houston-area hospitals while parent company, Siemens AG, matched 100% of U.S. employee donations to the American Red Cross Disaster Relief Fund. After the 2010 earthquake in Haiti, Siemens Healthineers donated medical equipment to aid healthcare workers in their efforts to help victims. The company responded similarly in 2015 when a 7.8 magnitude earthquake struck Nepal. Siemens Healthineers provided the relief efforts with a magnetic resonance imaging machine in addition to the funds donated by Siemens AG.
Mergers and acquisitions
In 2005, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc. acquired CTI Molecular Imaging for $1 billion (€750 million, $20.50 per share) incorporating it into its Advanced Imaging business.
In 2006, the business announced it would acquire Diagnostics Products Corporation for around $1.9 billion (€1.5 billion). Established in 1971, Diagnostics Products Corporation produced immunodiagnostics and supplies for fertility diagnosis and in-vitro allergy testing, with the business being incorporated into the Laboratory Diagnostics division post-deal. In the same year the company announced it would acquire Bayer's Diagnostics division, for €4.2 billion, boosting the business' offerings in a range of services for in-vitro diagnosis.
In November 2007, Siemens announced it would further expand its laboratory diagnostics range, via the acquisition of Dade Behring, producer of clinical laboratory equipment and products for routine chemistry testing, immunodiagnostics (including infectious disease testing), hemostasis testing, and microbiology.
In November 2011 the business acquired MobileMD, later divesting the business in 2014 to Cerner for $1.3 billion (€970 million).
In September 2012 the company announced it would acquire Penrith Corporation, manufacturer of ultrasound imaging systems.
In November 2016, Siemens Healthineers (via Siemens Healthcare GmbH) acquired Conworx Technology GmbH, a Berlin-based developer of point-of-care device interfaces and data management solutions.
In May 2016, Siemens Healthineers expanded its molecular diagnostics portfolio with the acquisition of NEO New Oncology AG.
In April 2017, Siemens Healthineers expanded into radiological information systems with the acquisition of Medicalis Corporation.
In 2019, the business announced the acquisition of vascular robotics start-up, Corindus, for $1.1 billion (€980 million).
In August 2020, the business announced it would acquire Varian Medical Systems, for $16.4 billion (€13.9 billion), representing a return to radiation therapy after the discontinuation of Siemens' own linear accelerators in 2011.
After the merger Varian will continue to operate as an independent company and will retain its headquarters along with its 10,000 employees.
See also
List of assets owned by Siemens
References
Medical technology companies of Germany
2018 initial public offerings
Siemens
Erlangen
Companies based in Munich
Medical and health organisations based in Bavaria
Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Companies in the TecDAX
Companies in the MDAX |
5391654 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Archdiocese%20of%20Malta | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Malta | The Archdiocese of Malta (Malti: Arċidjoċesi ta' Malta) is a metropolitan archdiocese of the Latin Rite of the Catholic Church in Malta.
History
Tradition claims that St. Paul the Apostle established the diocese of Malta in the year 60 A.D when he ordained the Roman governor, Saint Publius, as the first bishop of Malta.
The Diocese of Malta was made a suffragan diocese to the Metropolitan Archdiocese of Palermo by a Papal Bull of Pope Adrian IV on 10 July 1156 and confirmed by Pope Alexander III on 26 April 1160. The former Diocese of Malta, which is one of the oldest dioceses in the world, was elevated to archdiocese on January 1, 1944. The Diocese of Malta included the islands of Malta, Gozo and Comino. On September 22, 1864, the diocese lost the territories of Gozo and Comino when Pope Pius IX established the Diocese of Gozo which became a suffragan diocese to Malta.
Cathedrals
There are two cathedrals in the diocese: The Metropolitan Cathedral of Saint Paul, in Mdina, and the Co-Cathedral of Saint John the Baptist, located in Valletta.
Important dates
22 January (previously 21 January) - Memorial of Saint Publius
5 February - Memorial of St. Agatha of Sicily
10 February - Solemnity of the Shipwreck of St Paul
25 February - Memorial of Maria Adeodata Pisani
9 May - Feast of St. George Preca
1 July - Memorial of Nazju Falzon
8 October - Dedication of the Metropolitan Cathedral
Suffragan
Diocese of Gozo
Bishops of Malta
Auxiliary Bishops of Malta
Annetto Casolani (1848–1866)
Michael Franciscus Buttigieg (1863–1864)
Salvatore Gaffiero (1899–1906)
Paolo Rosario Farrugia (1907)
Angelo Portelli (1911–1927)
Emmanuele Galea (1942–1974)
Emanuele Gerada (1967–1968)
Joseph Mercieca (1974–1976)
Annetto Depasquale (1998–2011)
Charles J. Scicluna (2012–2015)
Joseph Galea-Curmi (2018–)
See also
Culture of Malta
History of Malta
List of Churches in Malta
List of monasteries and convents in Malta
Religion in Malta
Further reading
Outline of Maltese History 1971 AC. Aquilina & Co; Appendix III.
References
External links
Bishops of Malta
Apostolic sees
Catholic Church in Malta
Dioceses established in the 1st century
Malta |
5391656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-3-5%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-3-5 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-3-5 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-3-5 District includes a section of the Chittenden County city of Burlington defined as follows:
The rest of Burlington is in Chittenden-3-1, Chittenden-3-2, Chittenden-3-3, Chittenden-3-4 and Chittenden-3-6.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Chittenden-3-5 District had a population of 8,826 in that same census, 8.72% above the state average.
District Representatives
Johannah Leddy Donovan, Democrat
Suzi Wizowaty, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-3-1 through Chittenden-3-10 districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics (PDF)
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Burlington, Vermont |
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