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5392187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Festival%20of%20the%20Bluegrass | Festival of the Bluegrass | The Festival of the Bluegrass, located in Lexington, Kentucky, is the oldest bluegrass music festival in the bluegrass region of Kentucky. The festival takes place the first full weekend of June each year. The Festival of the Bluegrass helped shape the early bluegrass festival culture.
The Cornett family of Georgetown, Kentucky, began the festival in 1974 with The Festival of the Bluegrass, which was named by Raymond K. McLain. The first festival stage was a farm wagon with a tarp for shelter. The fans also used a tarp as shelter from the terrible thunderstorms the first day of the festival. This first festival was held on Walnut Hall Farm, part of which is now the Kentucky Horse Park just on the north side of Lexington. Later the festival was moved to Masterson Station Park, a Lexington city park, for initially two years. However, the festival did not move back to the Horse Park until the seventeenth year, by which time the Horse Park was fully developed with a suitable campground. The annual event is a traditional bluegrass festival dedicated to preserving bluegrass music.
Since 1998, the festival consists of three stages of music and incorporates a music camp designed to teach bluegrass music to school-age children. In 2007 the festival received the International Bluegrass Music Association's Event of the Year award.
In 2013, the weekend Festival of the Bluegrass will be following up a weeklong celebration in Lexington, "Best of Bluegrass".
See also
List of bluegrass music festivals
List of country music festivals
References
External links
Festival of the Bluegrass website
Folk festivals in the United States
Bluegrass festivals
Music festivals in Kentucky
Music festivals established in 1974 |
5392195 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manolo%20Sanl%C3%BAcar | Manolo Sanlúcar | Manolo Sanlúcar (Manuel Muñoz Alcón) is a flamenco composer and guitarist born in Sanlúcar de Barrameda (Cádiz) in 1943. He is considered one of the most important Spanish composers of present times, and together with Paco de Lucía, Tomatito, and Vicente Amigo, one of the main figures in the evolution of the flamenco guitar in recent years.
His first teacher was his father, Isidro Sanlúcar, a baker and old-style guitarist, who frequently came home with people who were fond of cante and playing; from his childhood he was exceptionally skilled to follow in his steps. His brothers also decided on the same vocation, among them Isidro.
He soon began to research, aware that the guitar had infinite possibilities that had hardly been explored. The most ambitious of his contributions to the art has been his constant striving to integrate flamenco in symphonic music. Several works of the greatest interest which have placed his name among the great composers of our time include: Fantasía para guitarra y orquesta, Trebujena, Medea and Soleá, showing his attempts to merge his primary focus in music, and which toured the world as a ballet; Tauromagia or Aljibe. Some of them were recorded.
"I wish the experts in universal music to understand that they may approach flamenco, so they do not consider it something tribal and topical, so they see a branch of music in flamenco that allows very profound musical analysis and has extraordinary poetic and musical quality".
Discussing it further, he later declared,
"Flamenco is a philosophy, the way of thinking and feeling of a whole people and its historical tradition. That is why I feel the need to tell more things about flamenco with other sounds and I take to the orchestra and try to get the orchestra to play siguiriyas, but take note, not for the orchestra to accompany siguiriyas and a singer, but for the orchestra to take on the feeling of the flamenco and, as if it were a sole instrument, to tell that spirit and magic sound of flamenco".
Manolo Sanlúcar also composed a sort of flamenco opera on an idea by Lebrijano, to be played on the stage, although it has not yet been produced: Ven y Sígueme.
Two of his most critically acclaimed records are Tauromagia (1988), and Locura de Brisa y Trino. (2000)
He has performed in some films.
He was awarded Spain's Premio Nacional de Música for interpretation in 2000.
Discography
1968: Recital Flamenco
1970: Inspiraciones
1971: Mundo Y Formas De La Guitarra Flamenca Vol. I
1971: Mundo Y Formas De La Guitarra Flamenca Vol. II
1972: Mundo Y Formas De La Guitarra Flamenca Vol. III
1975: 1975: Manola Sanlucar King of Flamenco Guitar CBS
1976: Sentimiento
1977: Fantasía Para Guitarra Y Orquesta 1978: ...Y Regresarte (Homenaje A Miguel Hernandez) 1979: Manolo Sanúcar En Japón 1980: Candela 1981: Azahares 1982: Al Viento 1982: Ven Y Sigueme 1984: Trebujena 1985: Testamento Andaluz 1987: Medea 1988: Tauromagia 1989: Solea 1992: Aljibe
2000: Locura De Brisa Y Trino''
References
External links
Mano Sanlúcar.com
Spanish flamenco guitarists
Spanish male guitarists
Musicians from Andalusia
Living people
People from Sanlúcar de Barrameda
Flamenco guitarists
1943 births |
5392211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altnagelvin%20Area%20Hospital | Altnagelvin Area Hospital | Altnagelvin Area Hospital is the main hospital for the North West of Northern Ireland. It is located in Waterside, Derry. It provides services to the city of Derry and County Londonderry, but also some specialist and acute services for parts of neighbouring County Donegal, County Tyrone, County Antrim and County Fermanagh. It is managed by the Western Health and Social Care Trust.
History
Altnagelvin Area Hospital was the first major hospital built in the United Kingdom after the Second World War and opened in 1960.
In February 2003 the hospital was designated as one of the nine acute hospitals in the acute hospital network of Northern Ireland on which healthcare would be focused under the government health policy 'Developing Better Services'.
A new renal hemodialysis unit was completed in 2005 and a new laboratory and pharmacy centre, procured under a private finance initiative contract, opened in 2007. A new south wing, designed by HLM Architects and built at a cost of £45 million, was completed in 2010.
In January 2011, it was revealed that 18,500 xrays taken in 2009 and 2010 in Altnagelvin's Medical Imaging Department had not been examined by a radiologist. As a result, four patients with cancer had their diagnosis delayed by several months.
In March 2011 a political row developed when Health Minister Michael McGimpsey announced the postponement of plans to develop a regional radiotherapy unit at the hospital.
University affiliations
The hospital is a teaching hospital, and has research and teaching links with Queen's University Belfast, the National University of Ireland, Galway and Ulster University.
References
External links
Regulation and Quality Improvement Authority inspection reports
Western Health and Social Care Trust
Hospital buildings completed in 1960
Teaching hospitals in Northern Ireland
Health and Social Care (Northern Ireland) hospitals
Buildings and structures in Derry (city)
Hospitals established in 1960
1960 establishments in Northern Ireland
Hospitals in County Londonderry |
5392217 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tere%20Ghar%20Ke%20Samne | Tere Ghar Ke Samne | Tere Ghar Ke Samne (English: In Front of Your House) is a classic 1963 Hindi film. Released on Tuesday, 1 January 1963, it was a major hit in India, taking the sixth spot in highest grossing films of the year. The film, produced by Dev Anand and written and directed by his brother Vijay Anand, is the duo's fourth collaboration after the hits Nau Do Gyarah (1957), Kala Bazar (1960) and Hum Dono (1961). Vijay Anand would later go on to direct the hits Guide (1965), Teesri Manzil (1966) and Johny Mera Naam (1970).
The film stars Dev Anand, Nutan, Rajindernath and Om Prakash in lead roles. The film's music is by S. D. Burman, while the lyrics have been penned by Hasrat Jaipuri. It was also the last movie to pair Dev Anand and Nutan together, after the films Paying Guest (1957), Baarish (1957) and Manzil (1960).
The film is a comedy which also sends across the social message that: "Not all that is new is bad, nor is all that is old good". The story is about a young architect who returns to India after having had a western education and falls in love with a modern Indian girl, who respects Indian culture and her parents' wishes. Their fathers are rivals in everything, and never cease to quarrel. The two of them must convince their fathers to put aside their differences and live together in harmony.
Plot
Set in Delhi in 1962, Lala Jagannath (Om Prakash) and Seth Karam Chand (Harindranath Chattopadhyay), two wealthy businessmen, are bidding for the front plot in a government auction. One is westernised and wears black-rimmed spectacles, the other, traditional turban and linen. Adamant on getting the front plot of land, Lala Jagannath raises the price higher and higher. Seth Karam Chand irks him even further by raising the price by a paltry 1000 rupees, made worse by the fact that Seth Karam Chand raises his finger, leaving the auctioneer (Jankidas) and the crowd to interpret the meaning. Lala Jagannath winds up with the front plot, but at the last moment, Seth Karam Chand comes in and quotes an insane price for the back plot, leaving the rest to think something has gone wrong with him.
Back home, Seth Karam Chand informs his wife about his decision, and the two banter, with him talking about "style". His daughter, Sulekha (Nutan) points out that their house will be hidden by Lala Jagannath's one. Not willing to let such a thing happen, Seth Karam Chand and Sulekha hire an architect, Rakesh (Dev Anand). After a little friction and misunderstanding, Rakesh gets to know Sulekha and her brother, Ranjit. (Rajendra Nath). His sidekick, Madan, (Rashid Khan), sets his eyes on Sulekha's friend, Motiya (Parveen Choudhary).
They go to visit the Qutub Minar, and no one else but Rakesh and Sulekha are willing to climb up. Slowly, but surely, Rakesh and Sulekha start to fall in love. But there's a catch that no one but Rakesh and Madan know – Rakesh is actually Lala Jagannath's son! Even then, he conceals the truth from everyone, leading to some hilarious side-splitting scenes where Rakesh tries to keep his parents away from Sulekha's, and his antics include pretending to have an attack and making both sides believe he's scolding the other, with a little help from his sidekick.
Meanwhile, Ranjit and Rakesh's colleague, Jenny (Zarine Katrak) fall in love as well. Ranjit leaves for Kashmir, and Rakesh starts to make the plans for the houses. To add to his woes, his father insists that he design the house, and Seth Karam Chand has already hired him. Still not willing to allow the truth to be revealed, he tries to keep the designs away from each side, but to no avail. His father sees a design, insists on it, while Seth Karam Chand has already decided on that one. Fed up with all the enmity, Rakesh eventually decides to make both houses the same. His love affair with Sulekha continues. When Sulekha goes off to Shimla, Rakesh follows behind her.
Finally deciding that enough is enough, Rakesh decides to reveal the truth to Sulekha. She gets very angry with him, but thankfully, their parents don't come to know about it. He refuses to work for them, and when she demands to know why, he drops a bombshell and tells her that he is indeed Lala Jagannath's son. Feeling betrayed, she starts to avoid him at Ronny's birthday party. Undaunted, Rakesh sings a song, and she is easily wooed back.
However, Lala Jagannath and Seth Karamchand both find out, and marriage, in their eyes, is impossible. Their enmity is a barrier between their children's love, and however hard Rakesh and Sulekha try, the barrier is impenetrable. Even then, Rakesh finally manages to convince them, and they relent, embracing each other. Taking that as a yes, Rakesh and Sulekha hug each other too, overjoyed. They get married at the inauguration of the two houses that Rakesh had built.
Cast
Dev Anand as Rakesh Anand Kumar, an architect who builds both houses
Nutan Behl as Sulekha, a young girl who falls in love with Rakesh
Rajendra Nath as Captain Ranjit 'Ronny', an army officer and Sulekha's brother
Zarine Katrak as Jenny, Rakesh's colleague
Rashid Khan as Madan Gopal Basuriwala, Rakesh's assistant
Parveen Choudhary as Motiya, Sulekha's friend
Pratima Devi as Mrs. Karam Chand, Sulekha's mother
Harindranath Chattopadhyay as Seth Karam Chand, Sulekha's father
Mumtaz Begum as Mrs. Jagannath, Rakesh's mother
Om Prakash as Lala Jagannath, Rakesh's father
Jankidas as the auctioneer
Music
The music was composed by S.D. Burman, and the lyrics were penned by Hasrat Jaipuri. Mohammed Rafi sang three solos for Dev Anand, and two more duets with Lata Mangeshkar. Asha Bhosle also sang one song, "Dil Ki Manzil", a cabaret song, which had a few lines of Spanish too.
Track list
References
External links
Songs on YouTube
Indian films
Films directed by Vijay Anand
Films scored by S. D. Burman
1960s Hindi-language films
1963 films |
3999364 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Joseph | Jessica Joseph | Jessica Joseph (born March 31, 1982 in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan) is an American former ice dancer. With Charles Butler, she is the 1998 World Junior champion and 1998 U.S. silver medalist. They also competed in the 1998 Winter Olympics. After that partnership ended, she skated with Brandon Forsyth and won a bronze medal at the 2001 Nationals. In 2002, the pair split, and Joseph left competitive skating.
Programs
(with Forsyth)
Competitive highlights
With Butler
With Forsyth
References
External links
Navigation
1982 births
American female ice dancers
Figure skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Living people
People from Bloomfield Hills, Michigan
Olympic figure skaters of the United States
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
21st-century American women |
5392219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvortsovy%20Municipal%20Okrug | Dvortsovy Municipal Okrug | Dvortsovy Municipal Okrug () is a municipal okrug of Tsentralny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
The okrug borders Nevsky Avenue in the southwest, the Neva River in the north, and the Fontanka River in the east.
Places of interest include Palace Square, Winter Palace, Hermitage Museum, Church of the Savior on Blood, the Field of Mars, Summer Garden, Marble Palace, Arts Square, and the Palace Embankment.
References
Tsentralny District, Saint Petersburg |
3999367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spitzkoppe | Spitzkoppe | The Spitzkoppe (from German for "pointed dome"; also referred to as Spitzkop, Groot Spitzkop, or the "Matterhorn of Namibia") is a group of bald granite peaks or inselbergs located between Usakos and Swakopmund in the Namib desert of Namibia. The granite is more than 120 million years old and the highest outcrop rises about above sea level. The peaks stand out dramatically from the flat surrounding plains. The highest peak is about above the floor of the desert below. A minor peak – the Little Spitzkoppe – lies nearby at an elevation of . Other prominences stretch out into a range known as the Pontok Mountains.
Many examples of Bushmen artwork can be seen painted on the rock in the Spitzkoppe area. The Spitzkoppe Mountains were also the filming location for 2001: A Space Odyssey in the "Dawn of Man" sequences.
History of ascent
Any ascent of the peak involves exposed and delicate rock climbing of a high grade. While the standard route up the peak is not severely difficult in modern technical terms, it presented quite a formidable undertaking in the earliest days, owing to the isolation of the peak, the heat of the desert and the total lack of water.
Before the First World War what is now Namibia was German South-West Africa. It is possible that the main peak was reached as early as 1904, when a soldier of the Imperial Schutztruppe supposedly soloed the peak and made a fire on the summit. What he may have burned remains a mystery, as there is absolutely no natural fuel of any kind on the upper parts of the peak. The legend suggests that he never returned and that his body was never recovered. Certainly, no proof of his conquest is available today. The first documented conquest was made by a team of climbers from Cape Town, led by S. le Roux. The next party – O'Neil, Shipley and Schaff – pioneered a route up the northern extremes of the peak, after having failed on the southwest ridge. They gained access to the gully now known as the "scramble" but ran out of time to attempt the final faces. Four days later they made another attempt but finally gave up. Some of the earliest climbers, defeated by an extraordinarily smooth band of granite only about 3m high, resorted to carving steps into the rock with a hammer and chisel.
A few months later Hans and Else Wong and Jannie de Villiers Graaff arrived and they reached the summit at noon, in November 1946. For the next quarter of a century the mountain maintained its reputation of presenting a two- or three-day struggle to potential climbers. (There are accounts of these ascents in old volumes of the Journal of The Mountain Club of South Africa – one of which can be found at scanned extracts from MCSA Journal).
This era came to an end in 1971, when the peak was climbed in four hours by a party led by J. W. Marchant from the University of Cape Town Mountain and Ski Club. Included were the talented South African climber Gabriel Athiros and Oliver Stansfield from England [2 June 1971]. This team scaled all of the lower pitches without ropes and got through the difficult band without using the artificial steps hacked into the granite. They descended from the peak in two hours and as they reached the base rain began to fall for the first time in over a year.
The modern era commenced. E. Haber, together with A. Lombard, C. Ward and Holding completed the first direct ascent of the South West Wall. They began their endeavours in 1977 but did not succeed in finishing the route before 1982. M. Cartwright and M. Hislop freed the route in 1988, giving it a grade of 22, which was later revised to 24. C. Edelstein and G. Mallory left their mark in 1983 by completing "Royale Flush", another monster route that was freed only in 2000 by J. Wamsteker and S. Wallis. During 1991 M. Cartwright, K. Smith and M. Seegers put up a difficult route named INXS graded 24 left of the South West Wall route.
General development and history
In 1896, a trading post named Spitzkopje was built below the mountain by the German Colonial Society, the centrepiece of a 120,000-hectare farm. The Society built a five-room farmhouse and stables, storerooms and other outbuildings. In 1899 the farm held 120 horses, 1,500 cattle and 4,000 sheep and goats; its manager was a German settler named Carl Schlettwein. Later it was transferred to the Farmer Jooste and a police station was built (the foundation walls are still under Pontok 4 chroma noise).
In 1964, under the "Odendaal Plan" of the Odendaal Commission for the creation of home territories (home lands) for the black population, the farm was expropriated with compensation. In 1970 they moved multiple Damara families here, which were in fact a village with a church and school development. Since 1998, the municipal campsite and the area was declared as Gaingu Conservancy on 7 September 2003 around the Great Spitzkoppe. A Hollywood film company erected a high game fence which cuts off the entire area between the large Spitzkoppe and Spitzkoppe Pontoks. This represents about half of the camping places which ceased to exist, access to many climbing rocks and also the normal route to the Great Spitzkoppe barred. The popular Circumnavigation of the Great Spitzkoppe (1–1.5 hours) is no longer possible.
"Bushman Paradise" made accessible through a gate with chains, has lost its attractiveness, as almost all of the 2000- to 4000-year-old prehistoric rock paintings have been destroyed. Around the foot of the Great Spitzkoppe you can still find good drawings, especially at the "Rhino Rock". The site has a population of community members who over the years started living and grazing their livestock in the area. It has leadership of a headman, vice headman and councillors.
References
External links
Travellers Voice Magazine Spitzkoppe: Namibia's Rocky Eden
Klettergebiet Spitzkoppe in Namibia
Inselbergs of Africa
Granite formations
Mountains of Namibia
Mesozoic magmatism
Namibian savanna woodlands
Volcanism of Namibia |
3999373 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Albany%20Herald | The Albany Herald | The Albany Herald is the daily newspaper for metro Albany in the U.S. state of Georgia. It is distributed in metro Albany and in southwest Georgia. The newspaper was founded in 1891. Circulation is 21,701 on weekdays and 24,820 on Sundays. Offices for the paper were previously housed in the historic Rosenberg Brothers Department Store in downtown Albany.
History
The Herald Publishing Company, a company founded in 1897, was purchased by James H. Gray in 1946 after he returned from World War II. The Albany Herald would become the flagship newspaper of Gray Communication Systems (now Gray Television).
In 1993, The Herald converted to a morning publication to serve better the needs of southwest Georgia.
In 2005 Gray's newspaper holdings were spun off into a separate company which was named Triple Crown Media. Triple Crown Media changed its name to Southern Community Newspapers Incorporated in 2010.
The Herald announced in October 2012 that it would cease its printing operation in Albany and cut 26 jobs. The paper is printed by Gannett Company at the Tallahassee Democrat.
In May 2017, The Herald switched to a paid subscription website. Full access to The Heralds website is free with the paid subscription to the print newspaper.
The Herald introduced a new weekend edition in October 2017 which is delivered Sunday mornings. The new edition combines the Saturday and Sunday papers, and include more pages, new features and additional color comics.
In March 2018, Scot Morrissey was named the new publisher of The Herald. Morrissey was previously the publisher of the Athens Banner-Herald for nearly 10 years.
After more than three decades in the historic Rosenberg Brothers Department Store building, the paper moved to a smaller office on W Broad Ave. December 2019. The building, and several adjacent buildings, were sold to the city of Albany for $850,000 in April 2019.
References
Newspapers published in Georgia (U.S. state)
Publications established in 1891
Mass media in Albany, Georgia |
5392221 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanly%2C%20Ontario | Shanly, Ontario | Shanly is an unincorporated place and Compact Rural Community in the township of Edwardsburgh/Cardinal in the United Counties of Leeds and Grenville in eastern Ontario, Canada. The village is about one hour south of Ottawa and around 7 miles north-west of Cardinal. Shanly is centred around the intersection of County Road 22, also known as Shanly Road, and County Road 21. Formerly these roads were the Nine Mile Road and the Seventh Concession, respectively. The community was settled during the 1800s, primarily as an agricultural community, and was at its height during the latter half of the 19th century, when many farms and a few businesses and factories were in operation. As of the 2000s, the rural area surrounding the main intersection consists of mostly residential properties and a few family farms. The village is also home to a few businesses and two churches.
In the 1840s, the village that would later become Shanly was called Moore's Settlement, however the meaning of this name is allegedly lost to time. From the 1800s until the 1970s, County Road 22 ran north from Cardinal and ended at the intersection of County Road 21, continuing north again to the west of this junction; early into settlement, the junction was commonly referred to as simply "the Corner" by locals. By the 1860s the community was renamed to Wallace's Corner, Wallace being the surname of a large local family who were one of the first to settle here in 1827. The village was renamed Shanly in 1885 after Walter Shanly, a prominent local political figure who was responsible for establishing the community's post office.
History
The land which currently makes up the village changed hands many times during the beginning of the 19th century before being settled. Some families, including the Wallace family, first established permanent homesteads here during the 1820s. For the first half of the 1800s the community consisted primarily of family farms and homes, and residents sustained themselves almost entirely through agricultural means. By the 1830s, the settlement had grown large enough in population to require its own schoolhouse. Shanly continued to grow in population, and by mid-century had established a post office and a Wesleyan-Methodist church. The post office was established on February 1, 1865, with a man named William Clark as the first postmaster.
In the mid-1800s the Loyal Orange Institution, a Protestant fraternal organization, had a group based in Shanly known collectively as the Loyal Orange Lodge No. 1227. The Orange Lodge constructed a hall in 1869, calling the building Dufferin Lodge. The two-storey frame structure consisted of an upper-level meeting hall and a lower-level drive shed. This hall was replaced in 1889, when new hall was constructed for their meetings in a new location. In 1949, the Orange Lodge tore down the hall after purchasing the Workman's Hall from the Shanly United Church (formerly the Wesleyan-Methodist), which was used for meeting into the 1990s.
By the mid-to-late 1800s, the population of Shanly had reached around 160 individuals. By the 1880s, the village was home to numerous pioneer industries and businesses including a blacksmith, a harness shop, a cooperage, a carpentry and woodworking shop, a tin shop, a hay and grain dealer, and a grocery store which adjoined the post office. Additionally, the village was home to a second church by the late-1800s, which was of Anglican denomination. Most of the residents during the end of the century still sought an income through agriculture, with some residents being listed in business directories as employed as builders.
During the late-1800s, Shanly was home to two cheese factories. The first factory was constructed on the east-side of County Road 22 around forty rods north from the village's main intersection, and was operated by two local men. The cheese from the first factory was shipped to Brockville for sale. It is unclear when exactly the first cheese factory was constructed or closed. The structure was demolished sometime after its closure. The second cheese factory was constructed east of the intersection, and was built around 1890. The second factory was called the Shanly Cheese Factory and operated for over 50 years. According to a statement from 1910, the factory had produced 21,337 pounds of cheese in the month of September. In 1901, the Shanly Cheese Factory received recognition at the Pan-American Exposition in Buffalo, New York for its quality product. The second factory was originally owned by multiple shareholders before being sold off to an individual named Thomas Johnston at an unknown date. Johnston owned the cheese factory until its closure. In August 1952, the Shanly Cheese Factory was destroyed by fire and was not rebuilt.
As with most of the other communities in Edwardsburgh/Cardinal, organized team sports were a crucial part of the community's social scene in the late-1800s and into the early 20th century. Shanly was home to a rugby team during this time, with their own designated and maintained rugby field located on a local family's property. Tournaments or matches were played against teams from neighbouring communities or townships which drew crowds from throughout the area, and were considered significant community events. The results of the matches were widely reported in newspapers from Edwardsburgh/Cardinal and the nearby townships.
At the start of the 1900s Shanly remained a stable community in terms of its population and active businesses, however the post office closed in 1913 and the Anglican church closed in 1921. The last wave of immigration occurred immediately following World War II, when several Dutch families came to the area. By the mid-twentieth century the village began to experience a decline in prosperity. Around this time the pioneer industries, such as the cooperage, harness shop and blacksmith, became obsolete and ceased operation along with the cheese factories. For half a century, from around 1920 until 1972, absolutely no new houses were constructed in Shanly. In 1964, a modern public elementary school was built to amalgamate the schoolhouses of the surrounding area which were being phased out.
The general store, located at the main intersection, remained open until the 1970s. During the later years of its operation, around the 1930s onward, the store was damaged and then repaired several times when cars failing to stop at the intersection drove into the building. In 1973, the general store and former post office were demolished when County Road 22 was rerouted, creating a four-way intersection with County Road 21 at the former junction.
Education and schools
The first common school in the village of Shanly was built in 1836 and was known as Moore's School. This school was a one-room schoolhouse serving elementary aged students. The building was an 18 by 20 foot long log structure. When Shanly was designated a school section it became section number thirteen. In 1865, the log building was replaced by a newer stone schoolhouse, which was called S.S. #13 Wallace's Corners School. The school was replaced a third time in 1900 with a frame structure. The school closed around the 1960s when one-room common schools were phased out in favour of larger, modern public elementary schools.
In 1964 a modern, brick school was built in Shanly called North Edwardsburgh Public School. The rectangular building contained six classrooms as well as a gymnasium. The school was built to accommodate around 134 pupils. Originally operating as an elementary level school, by the 2000s North Edwardsburgh Public School only served primary students, junior and senior kindergarten through to grade three. In 2008, the decision was made by the Upper Canada District School Board to close North Edwardsburgh Public School. Ultimately, closing the school would cut costs and enrolment had declined in numerous public schools in the area, which led to area schools amalgamating. Pupils from North Edwardsburgh were moved to Centennial ’67 Public School in nearby Spencerville. The building which was once North Edwardsburgh Public School still stands, having been converted after its closure into a retirement home.
Churches and cemetery
Shanly is currently home to two churches, the Shanly United Church and the Shanliwood Community Church. Historically, Shanly was home to both an Anglican and Wesleyan-Methodist church, with the Wesleyan-Methodist church later becoming the Shanly United Church.
Prior to 1860, the first log schoolhouse served as a meeting place for the Methodist congregation. The first Wesleyan-Methodist church was a white frame building, measuring 26 by 36 feet, built on land belonging to Walter Shanly. Opening ceremonies for the first Wesleyan-Methodist church occurred on December 30, 1860. By the 1890s, the frame structure had deteriorated and the congregation decided to replace the church at a new location, more central to the village. The new Methodist church was constructed of red brick and stone in 1893 with a 100-foot long shed accompanying it. After a church union, the Wesleyan-Methodist church became the Shanly United Church. In 1993, the church celebrated its centennial. Since 1976, there has been an annual Christmas party held in the village on the Friday before December 25 in the basement of the Shanly United Church.
The Anglican church in Shanly was located on a triangular piece of land, locally referred to as the Flat Iron, east of the village intersection. It is unclear when the church was established, however business directories from the late 1800s mention its existence. The Anglican church closed in 1921 and the land was deeded back to family who owned it previously. It was used as a private dwelling for a period of time before being dismantled. The brick from the Anglican church was used in the 1930s to modernize and repair the village's general store.
Shanly has a graveyard as well, with graves dating nearly 200 years old. The Shanly Cemetery was erected in 1876, on land purchased from the Wallace family for $100 by a trio of village residents. The cemetery was established as a multi-denominational cemetery. The first burial was that of Prudence Pitt, the infant daughter of a local couple. In 1962, the stone gateposts at the entrance of the cemetery were erected in memory of T. Carl Reilly. As of the 1990s, the cemetery was still in use, and is maintained by the Shanly Cemetery Board.
The Shanliwood Community Church is a Baptist church located along County Road 21. The church opened in 1996. The building used to be a small restaurant, but it was bought and converted into a church, by an unknown man who built his house beside it.
Modern day
The current borders of Shanly are indefinite, although historically the western limit of Shanly's school district extended to lot 12 of County Road 21, with lots west of this belonging to Garryowen. Shanly is located in a rural area, and the main area of it is hardly more populous then the surrounding country side. Some believe Shanly is only a road, and the inhabitants of this road make up its population, while others believe Shanly includes the sprawling fields and forests that surround it.
By the mid-1900s all of Shanly's businesses and services from the previous century, aside from the Shanly United Church, had ceased operations. In the 1990s a church was constructed for the area's Baptists. Some years after Shanly's initial decline, a few new businesses were established during the late 1900s which are all reportedly still in operation as of the 2010s. During the 1970s, William Hooper Woodworking Inc. was established as a custom woodworking business and at an unknown date, Magnum Performance Canada, an automotive repair shop was opened. When North Edwardsburgh Public School was closed around 2009, the building became a retirement home called BonLen Place. The building was converted from classrooms into one and two-bedroom apartments. The facility houses retired individuals who are able to live independently, without constant care or supervision.
The agricultural industry of Shanly steadily declined throughout the 1900s as family farm operations became increasingly inactive or unprofitable due to improving infrastructure. As of the 2000s, the community consisted mostly of residential properties and very few farms. Despite this a few farms are still active, some of which have maintained operations for over a century. The most notable farming operation still operating in the village is possibly the Holmestead Farm, a family farm operated by the seventh generation of the Holmes family. The Holmes' moved to Shanly around the 1850s and established the farm on their land shortly after. The farm is known for selling locally grown products to the area, grown without pesticides or chemicals. Holmestead Farm sells its commodities on location, which include grass-fed beef, pork, eggs, fresh produce and preserves.
As of 2016, Shanly remains home to a maple sugar bush and restaurant called Hunter's Maple Products & Pancake House. The business is owned and operated by the seventh generation of the Hunter family, who immigrated from Scotland to Shanly in 1821. Although the Hunter's have produced maple sugar and syrup from the property since around the time of their settlement, the sugar bush didn't become a fully operational business until the 1970s. Hunter's Maple Products sells a variety of maple products including maple syrup, candy, fudge and butter. The restaurant serves typical breakfast foods to pair with their maple products.
Overall, little development or immigration has occurred in Shanly since the turn of the 20th century apart from the few aforementioned businesses established from 1970 onwards. Some new, modern homes have been constructed in the surrounding area since the 1970s. These homes were built sporadically over a course of decades, during which time other homes were demolished, meaning the village remains sparsely occupied.
References
Communities in Leeds and Grenville United Counties |
5392223 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cops%20%26%20Robbersons | Cops & Robbersons | Cops & Robbersons is a 1994 American crime comedy film directed by Michael Ritchie, and starring Chevy Chase, Jack Palance, Dianne Wiest, and Robert Davi.
Plot
When the police discover that a mob hitman has moved in next door to the Robbersons, they want to find out what he is up to. So they set up a stakeout in the Robbersons' home. Hard-nosed, tough-as-nails Jake Stone (Jack Palance) and his young partner Tony Moore (David Barry Gray) are assigned to the stakeout, but now it's a question of whether Jake can last long enough to capture the bad guys. The Robbersons want to help, and by doing so they drive Jake crazy.
Cast
Chevy Chase as Norman Robberson
Jack Palance as Detective Jake Stone
Dianne Wiest as Helen Robberson
Robert Davi as Horace Osborn
David Barry Gray as Detective Tony Moore
Jason James Richter as Kevin Robberson
Fay Masterson as Cindy Robberson
Miko Hughes as Billy Robberson
Richard Romanus as Fred Lutz
Sal Landi as Jerry Callahan
Jack Kehler as Caniff
M. Emmet Walsh as Captain Ted Corbett (uncredited)
Reception
Cops & Robbersons received generally negative reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 14% based on reviews from 21 critics.
Roger Ebert gave the film 2 out of 4 stars, referring to it as "one more variation on the FOW movie, so called because the plot involves a Fish Out of the Water". He singled out a scene in which Chase's character smuggles police officers into his home and snatches a cat from his wife, commenting:
Commented Richard Harrington of The Washington Post:
Chris Hicks of the Deseret News opined that "Norman is the most ridiculous sitcom husband and father to grace the big screen since . . . well, since Clark Griswold, of the "National Lampoon's Vacation" pictures. And since both Norman and Clark are played by Chevy Chase, why not? They're both dumb and clumsy and have dysfunctional families, and they both pretend that everything's OK. But where the "Vacation" pictures had some satiric bite to offset the silliness—well, the first one did—"Cops and Robbersons" is just stupid. Loaded with ill-timed pratfalls and dopey physical shtick, it's movies like this that give slapstick a bad name."
Janet Maslin of The New York Times lamented that the film was "even more unfunny than his disastrous talk show", calling it "a Chase vehicle with four flat tires"
Year-end lists
Top 10 worst (listed alphabetically, not ranked) – Mike Mayo, The Roanoke Times
Box office
The film debuted poorly at the box office, earning $3.7 million and coming in second place behind Four Weddings and a Funeral. The film grossed just $11,391,093 in the domestic box office from an unknown budget.
References
External links
1994 films
1990s buddy comedy films
American buddy comedy films
American buddy cop films
English-language films
Films directed by Michael Ritchie
1990s police comedy films
TriStar Pictures films
Films scored by William Ross
1990s buddy cop films
1994 comedy films |
3999385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean%20Rabe | Jean Rabe | Jean Rabe is a fantasy and science fiction author and editor who has worked on the Dragonlance, Forgotten Realms, and BattleTech series, as well as many others.
Early life
Jean Rabe was born in Ottawa, Illinois, and learned to play games at an early age — checkers, chess, and euchre by the age of 7, and board wargames in high school. In 1974 she enrolled in journalism at Northern Illinois University. In her junior year, while attending the inaugural Windycon games convention, she was introduced to the fantasy role-playing game Dungeons & Dragons, which had just been published by TSR earlier that year. She subsequently took up the game as a hobby and social activity. She graduated from Northern Illinois with a Bachelor of Science in Journalism.
Career
After graduating from university, Rabe worked as a newspaper reporter and bureau chief for the Quincy Herald-Whig in Quincy, Illinois, before moving to the Evansville Courier & Press in Evansville, Indiana. She then worked as a stringer for the Rockford Register Star.
She was hired by TSR as the Director of the RPGA. She also used her writing skills to create magazine articles and novels. In addition, Rabe wrote and edited Dungeons & Dragons and Gamma World adventure modules (see list below).
Rabe became the editor of a BattleTech magazine, MechForce Quarterly, in 1995. For Dragonlance, TSR had Rabe write the next major event for Krynn after Dragons of Summer Flame, which came to be the Dragons of a New Age trilogy, beginning with The Dawning of a New Age (1996).
When Wizards of the Coast purchased TSR, they published the rest of Rabe's Dragons of a New Age trilogy before bringing back Margaret Weis and Tracy Hickman as the main authors of Dragonlance. Her Dragons of a New Age trilogy consisted of Dawning of a New Age, Day of the Tempest, and Eve of the Maelstrom. Her other Dragonlance work includes Maquesta Kar-Thon, co-authored with Tina Daniell, and The Silver Star. Her other work for TSR includes Red Magic, Secret of the Djinn, and Night of the Tiger. Rabe worked with Janet Pack on The Forces of Dagnarus for the Sovereign Stone role-playing game.
She has also written more than four dozen short stories, including those set in the Dragonlance, Forgotten Realms, and Star Wars settings. Three of her Star Wars short stories — "The Breath of Gelgelar", "Day of the Sepulchral Night", and "The Farrimmer Cafe" —have been published in the Star Wars Adventure Journals. She has written science fiction stories for Martin H. Greenberg's office in Green Bay, Wisconsin, and coedited a number of all-original anthologies with Greenberg for DAW Books(see list below).
Rabe has also written articles for On The Lake, a local magazine for tourists.
In 2005, Rabe served as a juror for the Andre Norton Award for young adult fiction, which was established that year.
Rabe was the business manager and later the editor of the bimonthly SFWA Bulletin, published by the Science Fiction and Fantasy Writers of America. In June 2013, Rabe resigned the post in the course of a controversy about alleged sexism in SFWA Bulletin articles written by, among others, Mike Resnick and Barry N. Malzberg.
Awards
Dragonlance: Death March was nominated for the 2009 Special Gaming Scribe Award — awarded by the International Association of Media Tie-in Writers — for "Best Original gaming-related tie-in novel of 2009.
Bibliography
Dungeons & Dragons modules
Dragonlance series
1993 Krynnspace, a crossover setting for Dragonlance and Spelljammer
1995 Maquesta Kar-Thon, with Tina Daniell
1996 The Dawning of a New Age, Dragons of a New Age series
1997 Day of the Tempest, Dragons of a New Age series
1998 Eve of the Maelstrom, Dragons of a New Age series
1999 The Silver Stair, Bridges of Time series
2000 Downfall, the Dhamon Saga
2001 Betrayal, the Dhamon Saga
2002 Redemption, the Dhamon Saga
2004 The Lake of Death, Age of Mortals series
2007 The Rebellion, The Stonetellers series
2008 Death March, The Stonetellers series
2009 Goblin Nation, The Stonetellers series
Novels connected to other fantasy role-playing settings
1991 Red Magic, a Forgotten Realms: The Harpers series
1994 Secret of the Djinn, Endless Quest series
1995 Night of the Tiger, Endless Quest series
1996 Sands of Deception, Endless Quest series
2004 The Finest Creation, Finest Trilogy
2005 The Finest Choice, Finest Trilogy
2006 The Finest Challenge, Finest Trilogy
2006 Aftershock, a Shadowrun novel with John Helfers
2006 Return to Quag Keep, with Andre Norton
2006 A Taste of Magic, with Andre Norton
2007 Fenzig's Fortune
2008 Dragon Mage, with Andre Norton
2018 The Bone Shroud
Piper Blackwell Mysteries series
2018 The Dead of Winter: A Piper Blackwell Mystery
2018 The Dead of Night: A Piper Blackwell Mystery
2019 The Dead of Summer: A Piper Blackwell Mystery
Anthologies edited by Rabe
Historical Hauntings, with Martin H. Greenberg (DAW, 2001; )
Sol's Children, with Martin H. Greenberg (DAW, 2002)
Renaissance Faire, with Andre Norton (DAW, 2005)
Furry Fantastic, with Brian M Thomsen (DAW, 2006; )
Time Twisters, with Martin H Greenberg (DAW, 2007; )
Pandora's Closet, with Martin H Greenberg (DAW, 2007; )
Terribly Twisted Tales, with Martin H. Greenberg (DAW, May 2009; )
Spells of the City, with Martin H. Greenberg (DAW, 2009; )
Timeshares, with Martin H Greenberg (DAW, 2010; )
Steampunk'd, with Martin H. Greenberg (DAW, 2010; )
Boondocks Fantasy with Martin H. Greenberg (DAW, 2011; ))
Blue Kingdoms
Blue Kingdoms: Shades & Specters, with Stephen D. Sullivan (Walkabout Publishing, 2008; )
Blue Kingdoms: Buxom Buccaneers, with Stephen D. Sullivan (Walkabout Publishing, 2008; )
Blue Kingdoms: Mages and Magic, with Stephen D. Sullivan (CreateSpace, 2010; )
A Hero by Any Other Name (Silence in the Library, 2013; )
References
External links
20th-century American non-fiction writers
20th-century American novelists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American novelists
21st-century American women writers
American fantasy writers
American magazine editors
American women non-fiction writers
American women novelists
Dungeons & Dragons game designers
Living people
Novelists from Illinois
People from Quincy, Illinois
Role-playing game writers
Science fiction editors
Women magazine editors
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
Year of birth missing (living people) |
5392225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfred%20Brunswig | Alfred Brunswig | Alfred Brunswig (born 13 June 1877 in Plau am See; died 22 June 1927 in Münster) was a German philosopher. He taught at Westphalian Wilhelms-University in Münster (Westphalia).
After graduation in Munich 1896 he studied there and in Berlin to promotion in 1904 with Theodor Lipps and initially took its psychologism. After private studies with Edmund Husserl in Göttingen and Carl Stumpf in Berlin followed in 1910 in Munich, the Habilitation. He criticized Husserl evidence concept in the essences. From 1914 to 1918 he served in World War I and received the Iron Cross second class. In the winter semester 1916/17 he was appointed to Munster. He had the "courage to metaphysics" found through his front experience and returned hereinafter apparent faith. He was Protestant, probably with some Jewish roots. His Leibniz interpretation 1925 came the "Germanic thinkers" out.
Literary works
Das Vergleichen und die Relationserkenntnis, Leipzig/Berlin: B. G. Teubner, 1910
Das Grundproblem Kants, 1914
Hegel, 1922
Leibniz, 1922
References
https://portal.dnb.de/opac.htm?method=simpleSearch&query=116814101
1877 births
1929 deaths
People from Plau am See
German philosophers
People from the Grand Duchy of Mecklenburg-Schwerin
University of Münster faculty
German male writers |
5392229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Lunn | Bob Lunn | Robert J. Lunn (born April 24, 1945) is an American professional golfer who played on the PGA Tour in the 1960s and 1970s.
Lunn was born in San Francisco, California. He was the 1963 U.S. Amateur Public Links champion. He turned pro in 1965 and won six times on the PGA Tour. In 1968, he was named Most Improved Golfer of the Year by Golf Digest. He earned $102,711 and finished 11th on the money list that year after winning two tournaments in a row – the Memphis Open Invitational and the Atlanta Classic. Lunn's best years in professional golf were 1968–72 when he appeared in the top 60 on the money list in each of those years.
Lunn never won a major, but won the par-3 contest at Augusta National's pitch & putt course during the week of the 1969 Masters. His best finish in a major was a T-3 at the 1970 U.S. Open. Lunn retired from the PGA Tour in 1980 and took club pro and teaching pro jobs at three clubs in northern California. Currently he holds the position of Senior PGA Tour Professional at Woodbridge Golf and Country Club in Woodbridge, California.
Lunn has played in just over four dozen events on the Champions Tour since turning 50 in 1995. His best finish was T-34 at the 1995 Kaanapali Classic.
Amateur wins (1)
1963 U.S. Amateur Public Links
Professional wins (9)
PGA Tour wins (6)
PGA Tour playoff record (2–0)
Other wins (3)
1969 Southern California Open
1984 Northern California PGA Matchplay Championship
1986 Northern California PGA Strokeplay Championship
Results in major championships
Note: Lunn never played in The Open Championship.
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
See also
1966 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
References
Further reading
External links
American male golfers
PGA Tour golfers
PGA Tour Champions golfers
Golfers from Sacramento, California
Golfers from San Francisco
1945 births
Living people |
5392230 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Endres | Michael Endres | Michael Endres (born 1961) is a German pianist.
He was professor for piano from 1993 to 2004 at the Hochschule fuer Musik in Cologne, until 2009 at the Hochschule Hanns Eisler in Berlin—since autumn 2009 at the University of Canterbury in Christchurch, New Zealand until February 2014 and from March 2014 until 2018 at the Barratt Due Institute of Music in Oslo, Norway. He resides currently in New Zealand.
Early life and training
He was born 1961 in Sonthofen in the Oberallgäu region of the Bavarian Alps and studied with Hugo Steurer, Klaus Schilde and Karl Hermann Mrongovius in Munich, then with Jacob Lateiner at the Juilliard School New York, where he received his master's degree - and later with Peter Feuchtwanger in London.
For many years, Michael Endres was the pianist to the late baritone Hermann Prey.
Repertoire
As well as specializing in Mozart, Schubert, Schumann and Ravel, he has a wide repertoire including the somewhat neglected composers Carl Maria von Weber, Leopold Godowsky, Gabriel Fauré, Sir Arnold Bax and Eduard Tubin. His comprehensive recordings include the complete sonatas of Franz Schubert, Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Carl Maria von Weber and Arnold Bax, the complete piano works of Maurice Ravel and George Gershwin as well as a complete recording of the 400 dances of Franz Schubert, the 48 Songs without Words by Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy and 3 CDs of works by Robert Schumann. In March 2018 the 13 Barcarolles by Gabriel Faure were added to his discography. His recordings have received many prizes including Choc du Musique and Diapason d'Or and he has appeared at many major festivals and concert-halls around the world, such as the Salzburg Festival, Wigmore Hall London, Newport Festival, Wiener Musikverein and Suntory Hall, Tokyo.
Style
His playing is often described as subtle, elegant and refined regarding his recordings, where he does not take the dramatic elements of the music to the extreme. This is more than compensated for by the insights that he brings and the remarkable clarity of his readings and playing. On the concert stage he often follows a riskier approach. The Boston Globe reviewer Richard Dyer described him as following during his Newport Festival debut:
"Endres has made an admirable series of records for Capriccio and Oehms Classics -- Mozart, Ravel, Weber, Schumann, and the finest recent account of the complete Schubert sonatas -- but the CDs don't begin to do him justice. They are poised, thoughtful, and expressive, but there is no hint of the wild-man risk-taking that marked his Newport recital. Endres took big chances, communicated how thrilling every dimension of the music was to him, and succeeded triumphantly against the odds."
Recordings
W.A. Mozart: Complete Sonatas for piano (5 CDs)- Arte Nova Classics - 74321 63639 2
Franz Schubert: Complete Sonatas for piano (6 CDs)
Franz Schubert: Complete dances (5 CDs)
Franz Schubert: Wandererfantasy and other works
Franz Schubert: Impromptus Opus 90 and Opus 142
Carl Maria von Weber: Complete piano sonatas und other works (2 CDs)
Felix Mendelssohn Bartholdy: Lieder ohne Worte ( complete ) (2 CDs)
Robert Schumann: Piano works (3 CDs)
Arnold Bax : Complete Sonatas for piano (2 CDs)
Gabriel Faure: 13 Barcarolles
Maurice Ravel: Complete piano works (2 CDs)
George Gershwin: Works for piano
Carl Loewe: Ballades (with Hermann Prey)
Franz Schubert & Johann: W. Kalliwoda (with Ashan Pillai)
References
External links
Michael Endres' website
1961 births
Living people
People from Sonthofen
German classical pianists
Male classical pianists
Juilliard School alumni
University of Canterbury faculty
Barratt Due Institute of Music faculty
21st-century classical pianists
Oehms Classics artists
21st-century male musicians
Hochschule für Musik Hanns Eisler Berlin faculty |
5392250 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wisconsin%20Off%20Road%20Series | Wisconsin Off Road Series | The Wisconsin Off Road Series (usually WORS) is an off-road bicycle racing series in Wisconsin, United States. The series is billed as "America's largest state mountain bike racing series."
History
The series began in 1991 as six separate races that were connected by a points system and overall scoring. The series has evolved to a twelve-race season. The series has 17% female participation, which is far above the national average of around 9%.
The series has been sanctioned by the National Off-Road Bicycle Association since 2003, when it averaged over 800 riders per event.
Classes
There are five classes (listed from lowest to highest difficulty level)
Citizen Youth
Citizen
Sport
Comp
Elite
References
"Top cyclocross racers look for season doubles", Tom Held, "November 17, 2006, Milwaukee Journal Sentinel, Retrieved April 7, 2007
External links
Official website
Schedule
Recurring sporting events established in 1991
Mountain biking events in the United States
Cycling in Wisconsin |
5392262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shabaka%20Stone | Shabaka Stone | The Shabaka Stone, sometimes Shabaqo, is a relic incised with an ancient Egyptian religious text, which dates from the Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt. In later years, the stone was likely used as a millstone, which damaged the hieroglyphs. This damage is accompanied by other intentional defacements, leaving the hieroglyphic inscription in poor condition.
Provenance
Historical origins
Originally erected as a lasting monument at the Great Temple of Ptah in Memphis in the late eighth century BCE, the stone was at some point removed (for unknown reasons) to Alexandria. From there, it was transported by a navy vessel from Alexandria to England. It was brought back as ballast along with a capital of an Egyptian column, fragments of a Greco-Roman black basalt capital, two fragments of quartzite lintel of Senwosret III, and a black granite kneeling statue of Ramesses II. In 1805, the stone was donated to the British Museum by George Spencer, 2nd Earl Spencer (1758–1834), who was First Lord of the Admiralty and since 1794 the trustee of the museum. In 1901, the stone was deciphered, translated, and interpreted for the first time by the American Egyptologist, James Henry Breasted. The monument has remained at the museum to the present day.
Dating
The stone's dedicatory introduction claims that it is a copy of the surviving contents of a worm-ridden, decaying papyrus found by the pharaoh Shabaka in the Great Temple of Ptah. Homer W. Smith dates the original text to the First Dynasty, calling it "the oldest written record of human thought".
Breasted, Adolf Erman, Kurt Sethe, and Hermann Junker all dated the stone to the Old Kingdom. The stone is archaic, both linguistically (its language is similar to that used in the Pyramid Texts of the Old Kingdom) and politically (it alludes to the importance of Memphis as the first royal city). As such, Henri Frankfort, John Wilson, Miriam Lichtheim, and Erik Iversen have also assessed the stone to be from the Old Kingdom. However, Friedrich Junge and most other scholars since then have argued that the monument was produced in the Twenty-fifth Dynasty. Today, scholars feel it is clear that it cannot predate the Nineteenth Dynasty.
Composition
The stela is around wide, with the left side height estimated at and the right side about . The written surface is in width and on average, in height. The rectangular hole in the center is , with eleven radiating lines ranging in length from . The area of the surface which has been completely worn-out measures across.
In 1901, James Henry Breasted identified the stone as a rectangular slab of black granite. While other scholars postulated that the monument was a slab or basalt or a conglomerate stone, a recent analysis by a scientist of the British Museum revealed the stone to be green breccia originating from Wadi Hammamat.
Content
The text includes two main divisions with a short introduction and an ending summary. The first division relates the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt. Ptah works through Horus to accomplish this unification. The other is a creation story, the "Memphite Theology" or "Memphite Drama", that establishes Ptah as the creator of all things, including gods.
The text stresses that it is in Memphis that the unification of Egypt took place. The inscription also states that this town was the burial-place of Osiris, after he drifted ashore.
Introduction and titulary of the King
The first line of the stone presents the fivefold royal titulary of the king: "The living Horus: Who prospers the Two Lands; the Two Ladies: Who prospers the Two Lands; the King of Upper and Lower Egypt: Neferkare; the Son of Re: [Shabaka], beloved of Ptah-South-of-His-Wall, who lives like Re forever." The first three names emphasize the king's manifestation as a living god (especially of the falcon-headed Horus, patron god to the Egyptian kings), while the latter two names (the king's throne name and birth name) refer to Egypt's division and unification.
The second line, a dedicatory introduction, states that the stone is a copy of the surviving contents of a worm-eaten papyrus Shabaka found as he was inspecting the Great Temple of Ptah.
The Unification of Egypt
Lines 3 to 47 describe the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt under the god Horus at Memphis. The text first declares the political and theological supremacy of the Memphite god Ptah, the king of both Upper and Lower Egypt, and the creator of the Ennead. The inscription then describes how Horus, as a manifestation of Ptah, initially rules Lower Egypt while his rival Set rules Upper Egypt. However, Horus receives Upper Egypt from Geb, becoming the sole ruler of the land.
The Memphite Theology
Lines 48 to 64 recount the creation myth known as the Memphite Theology. Ptah, the patron god of craftsmen, metalworkers, artisans, and architects was viewed as a creator-god, a divine craftsman of the universe who was responsible for all existence. Creation was first a spiritual and intellectual activity, facilitated by the divine heart (thought) and tongue (speech/word) of Ptah. Then, creation became a physical activity carried out by Atum, who, created by Ptah's teeth and lips, produced the Ennead from his seed and hands.
Summary
Lines 61 through 64 summarize the text as a whole.
Purpose
According to Ragnhild Bjerre Finnestad, there are three theories on the possible purpose of the Shabaka text:
To assert the supremacy of the Memphite theological system over the Heliopolitan
To claim the hegemony of the Memphis and its priesthood over Heliopolis and its priesthood
To present an ontology.
As a temple text written down and set up in the temple of Ptah, it is likely that the Shabaka Stone served a religious, cultic-theological purpose, placing its subject matter within a cultic frame of reference.
Damage
Projecting from the rectangular hole in the center of the stone are radial rough stripes, which destroyed the inscription within a radius of 78 cm, measured from the middle of the stone. According to the secondary literature on the monument, this damage occurred because the stone was re-used as a millstone. The oldest reference speculating the stone's use as a millstone is found in the display of the British Museum of 1821. However, the stone could instead have been the foundation of something round, possibly a column or a pillar.
Some parts of the stone were intentionally cut out during the Dynastic Period. This included the name of Seth (line 7), a god which was condemned during this time. Additionally, Psamtik II or Psamtik III erased the proper name and throne name of Shabaka from the stone. Psamtik III then engraved his name onto the stone, but his name was in turn erased by the Persians during their conquest.
References
Sources
External links
The Shabaka Stone, translation from An introduction to the history and culture of Pharaonic Egypt (preserved at Archive.org)
8th-century BC works
8th-century BC steles
1805 archaeological discoveries
Ancient Egyptian stelas
Stones
Twenty-fifth Dynasty of Egypt
Ancient Egyptian objects in the British Museum |
5392265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20palmar%20digital%20arteries | Common palmar digital arteries | Three common palmar digital arteries arise from the convexity of the superficial palmar arch and proceed distally on the second, third, and fourth lumbricales muscles.
Alternative names for these arteries are: common volar digital arteries, ulnar metacarpal arteries, arteriae digitales palmares communes, or aa. digitales volares communes.
Each of these arteries receive the corresponding volar metacarpal artery and then divide into a pair of proper palmar digital arteries (q.v.).
Additional images
Footnotes and references
External links
- "Palm of the hand, superficial dissection, anterior view"
Arteries of the upper limb |
5392268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar%20digital%20arteries | Palmar digital arteries | Palmar digital arteries may refer to:
Common palmar digital arteries
Proper palmar digital arteries |
5392271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ischyodus | Ischyodus | Ischyodus (from , 'power' and 'tooth') is an extinct genus of cartilaginous fish belonging to the subclass Holocephali, which includes the modern-day chimaeras. Fossils are known from Europe (including Russia), North America, and New Zealand.
Ischyodus was rather similar to the present-day chimaera Chimaera monstrosa, which is found in the Atlantic Ocean and Mediterranean Sea. Just like C. monstrosa, Ischyodus had large eyes, a long whip-like tail, small lips, large pectoral fins and dorsal fin, and a dorsal spike attached to the front of the dorsal fin. The spike probably served as a method of protection against predators, and may have been venomous, as it is in modern chimaeras.
Dental plates of at least two species, Ischyodus rayhaasi and Ischyodus dolloi, have been found at several sites in North Dakota.
Based on complete specimen, total length is 21 times larger than mesiodistal length of mandibular tooth plate. For example, I. bifurcatus with mandibular plate length of possibly belongs long specimen.
References
External links
Image of a ratfish, Ischyodus rayhaasi, mandible
Prehistoric cartilaginous fish genera
Jurassic cartilaginous fish
Cretaceous cartilaginous fish
Paleocene fish
Prehistoric fish of Europe
Prehistoric fish of Australia
Prehistoric fish of North America
Mooreville Chalk
Chimaeriformes |
5392285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Promise%20%28Stacie%20Orrico%20song%29 | I Promise (Stacie Orrico song) | "I Promise" is a song from Stacie Orrico's self-titled second album. The third single from the album, it was written by Diane Warren and was released only in Europe, Asia and Australia. The midtempo ballad did not do as well as the first two singles, but gave Orrico her third top 40 hit in the UK.
Track listing
UK: CD 1
"I Promise" (album version)
"I Promise" (Chris Cox Radio Edit)
UK: CD 2
"I Promise" (album version)
"I Promise" (Chris Cox Radio Edit)
"I Promise" (Boris & Beck Radio Mix)
"(What Are You Doing) New Year's Eve?"
"I Promise" (video and enhanced section)
Official versions
Main Edit
Radio Edit
Karaoke
Chris Cox Club Mix
Chris Cox Dub
Chris Cox Radio Edit
Chris Cox Radio TV
Boris & Beck Club Mix
Boris & Beck Dub Mix
Boris & Beck Radio Mix
Blacksmith Soundclash Rub Remix (Featuring Jahzell)
Charts
References
2004 singles
Stacie Orrico songs
Songs written by Diane Warren
2004 songs
ForeFront Records singles
Virgin Records singles
Pop ballads
Contemporary R&B ballads
2000s ballads |
5392293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipal%20Okrug%2078 | Municipal Okrug 78 | Municipal Okrug 78 () is a municipal okrug of Tsentralny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
The okrug borders Nevsky Avenue in the northeast, the Fontanka River in the south, and Gorokhovaya Street in the west.
Places of interest include the Kazan Cathedral, the Merchant Court, the Apraksin Dvor, the Alexandrinsky Theatre, and the Saint Petersburg City Duma.
References |
5392294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate%20of%20the%20unlearned | Fate of the unlearned | The fate of the unlearned, also known as the destiny of the unevangelized, is an eschatological question about the ultimate destiny of people who have not been exposed to a particular theology or doctrine and thus have no opportunity to embrace it. The question is whether those who never hear of requirements issued through divine revelations will be punished for failure to abide by those requirements.
It is sometimes addressed in combination with the similar question of the fate of the unbeliever. Differing faith traditions have different responses to the question; in Western Christianity the fate of the unlearned is related to the question of original sin. As some suggest that rigid readings of religious texts require harsh punishment for those who have never heard of that religion, it is sometimes raised as an argument against the existence of God, and is generally accepted to be an extension or sub-section of the problem of evil.
Christianity
In the Bible, Paul the Apostle teaches that "that pagans may not possess the Law (of the Judaeo-Christian God) but may nevertheless have the law engraved in their hearts [their conscience], and that Jesus judges people according to what is in their hearts ()."
In the early Church, Justin Martyr, a Church Father, taught that those who lived according to the logos are Christians, though they might not know about Jesus Christ. Tertullian held that Christ has descended into Hades to deliver the Good News, with Clement of Alexandria, Origen and Athanasius declaring that "Jesus delivered from hell both Jews and Gentiles who accepted the gospel and that postmortem evangelism continues even today". Augustine of Hippo, however, believed that the unevangelized are condemned to hell and Thomas Aquinas held that those "brought up in the forest or among wolves" would be sent "the gospel message through miraculous means."
Theologian John E. Sanders noted that "Although God's decision on this issue is final, the church has never agreed on the nature of that decision." John Sanders and Clark Pinnock propose a position known as "inclusivism", under which many of the unevangelized will receive salvation because they have faith in God as they know him (as Hindus or Muslims, for example), and they are saved by Christ's work.
Roman Catholic
The Roman Catholic Church believes that Jesus Christ attained salvation "for all people by his death on the cross, but that some may choose to reject it." It teaches that salvation comes from "God alone", but that the Church is the "mother" and "teacher" of the faithful. Thus, "all salvation comes through the Church", and the Roman Catholic Church mediates Christ's salvation through the sacraments. Specifically, it teaches that Christian baptism is necessary for salvation, and that the Roman Catholic Church is also necessary as "the universal sacrament of salvation", but that some may be joined to the Church by baptism of desire or by baptism of blood (martyrdom) in absence of ritual baptism, and thus attain salvation also through the Church. "Divine and Catholic faith", untainted by willful heresy, and love are also necessary for salvation, as is dying in a state of grace. Catholic teaching allows for the salvation of one with genuine ignorance of the Catholic Church, who "seeks the truth and does the will of God in accordance with his understanding of it". With respect to the unlearned, Catholic theologians have traditionally taught that there are four points required for salvation, which are necessary by necessity of means.
There is only one God.
God rewards the good and punishes the wicked.
God is a Holy Trinity: God the Father, God the Son, and God the Holy Ghost.
God the Son, Jesus Christ, became man for us, was crucified, died, and rose.
Unbaptized catechumens can be saved, in the Roman Catholic view, because the desire to receive the sacrament of baptism, together with sincere repentance for one's sins, together with the attainment of "divine and Catholic faith", assures salvation. In the case of the righteous unlearned, "It may be supposed that such persons would have desired Baptism explicitly if they had known its necessity" and, by extension, God may permit them to attain salvation.
Reformed
In Reformed Christianity, the issue centers on whether those who have not heard the Gospel receive salvation or damnation.
Anglicanism
The Church of England, mother Church of the Anglican Communion, has a prayer for the departed unlearned: "God of infinite mercy and justice, who has made man in thine own image, and hatest nothing thou hast made, we rejoice in thy love for all creation and commend all mankind to thee, that in them thy will be done." The Christian Reformed Church (CRC), in its funeral rites, has "prayers for those who lived openly sinful lives", i.e. "we place in your merciful hands N. ...His/her life was filled with sin and struggle, but only you ... perceive what mustard seed of faith ... was hidden in his/her heart". It also prays for those "who were not known to be Christian", i.e. "we commend N. ... to your merciful care, knowing that you ... will do right".
Methodism
With regard to the fate of the unlearned, Willard Francis Mallalieu, a Methodist bishop, wrote in Some Things That Methodism Stands For:
The United Methodist Church thus has prayers for the dead for unbaptized children and those "who did not profess the Christian faith: we 'commit those who are dear to us to your never-failing love, for this life and the life to come.'" The Methodist funeral liturgy for non-Christians beseeches God to "look favorably ... upon those ... who scarcely knew your grace. ...Grant mercy also to those who have departed this life in ignorance or defiance of you. We plead for them in the spirit of him who prayed, 'Father, forgive them, for they know not what they do.'"
Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, (LDS Church) or Mormonism teaches that those who die without knowledge of LDS theology will have the opportunity to receive a knowledge of the gospel of Jesus Christ in the spirit world. Latter-day Saints believe that God has provided a way so that all of humankind will have an opportunity to hear the message of the gospel, and can thereby choose whether to accept it or not. Latter-day Saints assert that modern day revelation has clarified and confirmed the Biblical accounts that during the three days between his death and resurrection, Christ "went and preached unto the spirits in prison" (1 Peter 3:19, see also 1 Peter 4:6), at which time he also commissioned other spirits to "go forth and carry the light of the gospel to them that were in darkness, even to all the spirits of men" (Doctrine and Covenants 138:30 ). Since Latter-day Saints believe that all people must receive the proper ordinances in order to enter into the Kingdom of Heaven, today members of the LDS Church participate in a massive genealogical effort to compile names of their kindred dead, and then act as proxies in ordinances performed on behalf of their deceased ancestors within LDS temples. The beneficiaries of this temple work are then free to accept or reject the vicarious ordinances performed on their behalf.
Latter-day Saints do not believe that children come into the world with any guilt, because Jesus Christ atoned for "original guilt"; therefore no one is condemned by original sin and people are responsible only for their own sins once they have reached the age of accountability. Those incapable of understanding right from wrong, such as the mentally handicapped, are also saved under the atonement of Jesus Christ without baptism.
In Latter-day Saint belief, only "sons of perdition" who choose to reject Jesus after receiving a sure knowledge of him are destined for a form of Hell called outer darkness.
Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that humans inherited sin and death as a result of Adam's rebellion, and that God sent Jesus to redeem mankind from that condition. They consider faith in that provision to be the only way to attain its benefits, and therefore view their preaching work as essential and urgent. They believe that once sufficient time has been given for preaching, Jesus will assume authority and destroy the current "system of things". Only baptized members of the denomination who are alive at the time of the Great Tribulation will survive and form the basis of a new world ruled by Christ and a relatively small group of 144000 persons whom he invites to be his corulers.
They believe that those who have no opportunity to hear their message, for example, due to government restrictions or other causes beyond the Witnesses' control, may be destroyed under a "principle of community responsibility". However, The Watchtower has also stated that, "to what extent will Jesus consider community responsibility and family merit ... We cannot say, and it is pointless to speculate." They also believe that young children of Jehovah's Witnesses may be saved even if they have not yet been baptized. For all other cases, they consider baptism a requirement for salvation.
Jehovah's Witnesses believe that most people who die prior to the Great Tribulation will be resurrected on earth during Christ's millennial reign, including those who never had the opportunity to hear their message, as well as Bible characters who died before Jesus' sacrifice. Jehovah's Witnesses believe that prior sins committed by those resurrected will be forgiven, and that they will be judged based on their actions during the millennium. Those judged unfavorably will then be permanently destroyed and the remainder will be allowed to live forever in an earthly paradise.
Islam
A similar issue exists in Islam, as different authorities within the faith have issued different theories as to the destiny of those who do not know of Muhammad or Allah. Islam generally rejects the possibility that those who have never heard of the revelations embodied in the Quran might automatically merit punishment.
According to Quran, the basic criteria for salvation in the afterlife is the belief in one God, the Last Judgment, acceptance and obedience of what is in the Quran and ordained by the prophet, and good deeds. As the Qur'an states:
The Quran also asserts that those who reject the Messengers of God with their best knowledge are damned in the afterlife and if they reject the Messenger of God in front of him, then they also face a dreadful fate in this world and in the afterlife (see Itmam al-hujjah). Conversely, a person who discovers monotheism without having been reached by a messenger is called Hanif. So, this belief limits the possibility of people not hearing God's message. Part of Ibrahim's story in the Quran also suggests every human is capable of finding the one true God by their own common sense.
One view is that "A person who has never heard of Islam or the Prophet ... and who has never heard the message in its correct and true form, will not be punished by Allah if he dies in a state of disbelief. If it were asked what his fate will be, the answer will be that Allah will test him on the Day of Resurrection: if he obeys, he will enter Paradise and if he disobeys he will enter Hell." But, even those who have not heard the message will be held to some standard of conduct: "Because everyone is a born Muslim, those who have never heard of Islam are only responsible for not doing what common sense tells him or her to do. Those who knowingly violate God's laws will be punished for their wrongdoing." Under this view, those who have not heard the message are "excused," and Allah "rewards such people for the good they have done, and they enjoy the blessings of Paradise."
Some would extend this mercy to the incompetently evangelized, that is, to people "who have been reached by the name of Muhammad but who have been given a false account," and for whom it is then said that they "have not rejected true Islam but only a distorted version of it and they will therefore be judged in the same category as those people who never heard of Islam in the first place."
The more complicated question of what will happen, for example, to people of religions other than Judaism and Christianity is significantly more controversial. There is particularly controversy over the meaning of the word "Sabians". The long presence of Islam in South Asia, however, has engendered many debates about the status of Hindus, which has run the whole gamut between a more standard dismissal of Hinduism as shirk, or polytheism, to some Muslims, such as Mirza Mazhar Jan-e-Janaan even going so far as to recognize Rama and Krishna as Prophets of Islam not explicitly mentioned in Muslim scripture – thereby making Hindus equivalent to Christians or Jews.
Other positions
The problem of the unevangelized does not arise in religious or spiritual traditions such as Hinduism, deism, pandeism, and pantheism, which do not include any revelation or require obedience to revealed rules. In deism, some believe that individuals will be judged by one's obedience to natural laws of right and wrong to be obtained by the exercise of reason alone, and so, failure to exercise reason in the effort to make this determination is itself the cause for punishment.
In Buddhism, it is believed that all beings, whether evangelized or not, will continue to be reborn until they have achieved Nirvana. However, Buddhist scholars have said that "any suggestion that enlightenment is immediately available to anyone who really wants it, even if he has never heard of Buddhism, is likely to be received with incredulity or even resentment."
Dante attempted to answer this question with the first level of Hell in the Divine Comedy, where the virtuous pagans live. They are described as those who lived before the time of Jesus and therefore unable to enter Purgatory or Heaven. Amongst them is Virgil, Dante's guide through Hell and Purgatory.
See also
10/40 window
Christian views on Hell
Harrowing of Hell
Invincible ignorance (Catholic theology)
Jahannam (Hell in Islam)
Limbo
Molinism
Universal opportunity
Vincible ignorance
References
Further reading
Afterlife
Catholic theology and doctrine
Christian eschatology
Evangelical theology
Islamic eschatology
Jewish eschatology
Latter Day Saint concepts of the afterlife
Arguments against the existence of God
Protestant theology |
5392299 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Komnenian%20restoration | Komnenian restoration | The Komnenian restoration is the term used by historians to describe the military, financial, and territorial recovery of the Byzantine Empire under the Komnenian dynasty, from the accession of Alexios I Komnenos in 1081 to the death of Andronikos I Komnenos in 1185. At the onset of the reign of Alexios I, the empire was reeling from its defeat by the Seljuk Turks at the Battle of Manzikert in 1071. The empire was also being threatened by the Normans of Robert Guiscard, who were invading the Balkans from their base in southern Italy. All this occurred as the empire's military institution was in disarray and had grown increasingly reliant on mercenaries. Previous emperors had also squandered the large gold deposits of Constantinople, so the defense of the empire had broken down, and there were few troops to fill the gaps.
The Komnenoi nevertheless managed to reassert Byzantine pre-eminence in the Mediterranean world, militarily and culturally. Relations between the Byzantine East and Western Europe flourished, epitomized by the collaboration of Alexios I and later emperors with the Crusaders (Alexios was instrumental in calling the First Crusade). The scattered and disorganized Byzantine army was restructured into a competent fighting force that became known as the Komnenian Byzantine army. Although the empire rapidly disintegrated after the death of the last Komnenoi emperor, Andronikos I, in 1185, the Komnenian Restoration represented the final apex of the fifteen-hundred year history of the Roman Empire.
Before the Komnenoi
In the decades before the Komnenoi, the Byzantine Empire had been on a steady decline due to many factors, the most important being the political conflict between the state bureaucracy in Constantinople and the Byzantine military aristocracy.
In almost every year since the death of Emperor Basil II, the aristocracy rose up in revolt across the empire, east and west causing the army to move back and forth exposing their borders to raiding parties of Normans, Pechenegs or Turkic horsemen. The empire's holdings in Southern Italy were finally lost to the Normans under Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemond of Taranto, who quickly turned to the weakly held Balkan provinces of Byzantium that were ripe for plunder. In the countryside, there existed a free peasantry unlike in Western Europe. However, the growing power of the aristocracy led to the dismantling of the free peasantry and the enlargement of private estates by the aristocracy, sometimes through purchases but often through intimidation or outright violence. Basil II had been ruthless and successful during his reign at curbing their growing power but after his death, the process recommenced and accelerated. Another issue came in the succession crisis following the death of Basil II brother and successor Constantine VIII. Constantine VIII had no male heirs and as a consequence, the bureaucrats of Constantinople married his daughters Zoe and Theodora to older and incompetent men unfit for rule who were ill-advised and squandered money on trivial things.
As a result of the growing power and militancy of the aristocracy and the succession crisis, the policies of the bureaucrats in Constantinople were to weaken the power of this aristocratic class by freeing Anatolian peasants from their military service and turn them into a tax-paying population. Byzantine frontier defenses fell into decay as successive emperors disbanded the large standing armies of previous eras in order to save money. This caused the armies to be even weaker to deal with external raiding. The bureaucrats then hired mercenaries, notably Normans, to replace the professional army and with ageing conscripts to defend the tenuous frontier. However, the untrustworthiness, unruliness, ambitiousness, and sheer expense of these mercenary troops meant that they disrespected state authority and also conducted raiding in the Byzantine Anatolia, even sometimes working with Turkic raiders whom they were employed to fight against. These mercenary bands also took service with Aristocrats revolting against the government. During this time, the conflict with the Armenians broke out again. The state administration, economy, and military system were allowed to fall into neglect, largely through self-inflicted wounds. The picture of the Byzantine state leading up to 1071 was one of near chaos.
Following the war with the Seljuk Sultanate, in 1071 Emperor Romanos Diogenes tried to re-assert Byzantine dominance in Anatolia and recapture fortresses lost to the Seljuk Turks by treachery, but was harassed in his way through central and eastern Anatolia by his Armenian subjects. Learning of Byzantine advances towards Manzikert and the reneging of their peace settlement, Seljuk Sultan Alp Arslan turned his army away from attacking the Fatimid Caliphate towards the Byzantine army. The Byzantine army was internally politically divided between rival aristocrats and claimants such as Doukids to the Byzantine monarchy. These Doukids fled the area near Manzikert leaving Emperor Romanos alone to fight Alp Arslan. The battle of Manzikert was not immediately militarily decisive but subsequent events spiraled out of control and thus constitutes a seminal moment in Byzantine history. Emperor Romanos was captured in battle and proclaimed dead by the Doukids who returned to Constantinople with Michael VII Doukas proclaimed Emperor. Romanos was released following the payment of a ransom but was captured by the Doukids on his return through Anatolia, blinded and died from his wounds. The reign of Michael VII was turbulent with new civil wars erupting with the withdrawal of Byzantine forces from the frontiers. Now Turkic bands raided in increased number, pillaging further into Eastern and then Central Anatolia unopposed. During this time, much of Anatolia was overrun by the Seljuk Turks, even raiding to the eastern bank opposite Constantinople. The military of the empire completely fell apart as defensive positions were abandoned, and territory was quickly lost to the advancing Turks. The state all but collapsed.
Alexios I Komnenos (1081–1118)
The reign of Alexios is well-documented due to the survival of the Alexiad, written by his daughter Anna Komnene, which details all of the events of his reign, albeit with a bias towards Alexios. Upon ascension, Alexios inherited a much-weakened empire that was almost immediately beset by a serious invasion from the Normans of Southern Italy. The Normans used the deposition of the previous emperor Michael as the casus belli to invade the Balkans. Alexios did not have a strong enough army to successfully resist the invasion at first and suffered a grave defeat at the Battle of Dyrrachium (1081), which allowed Robert Guiscard and his son Bohemond to occupy much of the Balkans.
The Normans took Dyrrhachium in February 1082 and advanced inland, capturing most of Macedonia and Thessaly. Robert was then forced to leave Greece to deal with an attack on his ally, the Pope Gregory VII, by the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry IV. Robert left his son Bohemond in charge of the army in Greece. Bohemond was initially successful, defeating Alexios in several battles, but he was defeated by Alexios outside Larissa. Forced to retreat to Italy, Bohemond lost all the territory gained by the Normans in the campaign. This victory began the Komnenian restoration.
Shortly after the death of Robert in 1085, the Pechenegs, a nomadic group from north of the Danube, invaded the empire with a force 80,000 strong. Realizing that he would not be able to defeat the Pechenegs by conventional means, Alexios I allied with another nomadic group, the Cumans, to aid him, resulting in the annihilation of the Pecheneg horde at the Battle of Levounion on 28 April 1091.
Alexios I soon took perhaps his most important action as Emperor when he called on Pope Urban II for help in combating the Muslims of Anatolia and the Levant. Alexios particularly hoped to recover Syria and other areas that had been part of the Byzantine Empire in previous centuries. He succeeded in his attempt to rally Western European support, as a surprisingly large contingent of crusaders under Godfrey of Bouillon (among other European nobles) set off from Western Europe and journeyed through Anatolia all the way to their eventual destination of Jerusalem. While relations between crusaders and Byzantines were not always cordial, the coordination between the two armies was instrumental in capturing many important cities in Asia Minor and eventually Jerusalem itself. Between 1097 and 1101 Alexios managed to recover Nicaea, Rhodes, and Ephesus, while also making Antioch his vassal. This brought the Empire to its largest extent since before Manzikert in 1071.
In order to achieve these important military victories, however, Alexios had to resort to drastic measures in order to keep the empire financially afloat amidst so many military expeditions. He did this by melting down many Church artifacts and selling Church lands, while also utilizing conscription to keep the army well-staffed. This led to a diminution of his popularity, but he was nonetheless successful in resurrecting the Byzantine Empire by the time of his death in 1118.
John II Komnenos (1118–1143)
John continued Alexios' military successes and was known throughout his reign to be a kind and cautious commander who never risked Byzantine forces in huge pitched engagements that could have resulted in large catastrophes. Instead, he methodically retook fortresses throughout Anatolia during his reign. Progress was slow and gradual, however, because the Turks in the area were strong and the Byzantine military was not yet at its former heights. Nevertheless, John made steady progress throughout his reign on the Anatolian front, eventually conquering a road to Antioch so that he could keep watch over the Crusader princes who ruled it.
On the Balkan front John achieved a crushing victory over the Pechenegs at the Battle of Beroia in 1122. His victory at Beroia was so decisive that afterwards the Pechenegs ceased to be an independent people and disappeared from most historical records. Due to his continuous military successes the Byzantine empire was kept safe and its realms were free from destruction and allowed to grow and prosper.
During this time John also reorganized the Byzantine army, making it into a professional fighting force, and not the hodge podge of local forces it had been previously. He created permanent, fortified military camps in both Anatolia and the Balkans, where his field armies could be concentrated and trained, and added a large cavalry component to the army (most famously the Kataphraktoi of Macedonia) which allowed the Byzantines to effectively fight the more mobile Turks. Yet John died suddenly in 1143, possibly from a poison arrow treacherously sent to him by jealous crusaders who did not want him to succeed and encroach on their territory or sovereignty. His sudden death kept the Byzantines from continuing their conquests of Anatolia, and historian Zoe Oldenbourg believes that, if John had lived but a few more years, much larger territorial gains would have been made by the Byzantines.
Manuel I Komnenos (1143–1180)
Though Manuel was the youngest of John's four sons he was chosen to succeed his father due to his ability to listen to advice and learn from his mistakes (or so his father discerned). He continued the Komnenian restoration admirably, particularly in the Balkans where he consolidated Byzantine holdings and inflicted a crushing defeat on the Kingdom of Hungary in 1167 at the Battle of Sirmium. With this victory the Kingdom of Hungary was made a vassal of the Empire and, according to noted Byzantine historian Paul Magdalino, Byzantine control over the Balkans was at its most effective point since Late Antiquity.
Additionally Manuel opened up relations with the Western powers as he was a man who loved all things Western European and even organized regular jousting competitions. Because of this fondness, he increased diplomatic ties to the West, arranging alliances with the Pope and the Crusaders of the Outremer and successfully dealt with the troublesome Second Crusade that passed through his lands. Conversely, Western Europeans held him in great esteem, and he was described by the Latin historian William of Tyre as "beloved of God...a great-souled man of incomparable energy," highlighting the goodwill he garnered with the previously hostile Western European powers. Indeed, of all the Byzantine emperors it is said that Manuel was the closest to healing the centuries-old rift between the Christian Churches of the East and West, though he never fully achieved this goal.
But in Anatolia, Manuel's successes were more suspect, and his reign is highlighted by his defeat at the Battle of Myriokephalon in 1176 at the hands of the Seljuks. Historians have long debated the importance of this defeat, with some calling it an unmitigated disaster while others say that the emperor emerged from it with most of his army intact. All agree though that the era of Komnenian invincibility ended with this battle, and the empire never again took the offensive in Anatolia, a premonition for the coming weakness of the empire. Regardless of the true story, it is clear that after Myriokephalon Byzantine advances in Anatolia were forever halted and all they could do was merely maintain the status quo afterwards.
Yet the losses were quickly made good, and in the following year Manuel's forces inflicted a defeat upon a force of "picked Turks". The Byzantine commander John Vatatzes, who destroyed the Turkish invaders at the Battle of Hyelion and Leimocheir, not only brought troops from the capital but also was able to gather an army along the way; a sign that the Byzantine army remained strong and that the defensive program of western Asia Minor was still successful.
Andronikos I and the end of the Komnenian Restoration
With Manuel's death in 1180 the Byzantine empire was once again plunged into a succession crisis because his son Alexios II Komnenos was still a minor. Empress Maria ruled the empire as regent, but she was quickly deposed by a series of revolts, and in her place Andronikos I became emperor. Andronikos was known for his incredible cruelty; he often utilized great acts of violence to get others to follow his orders, engendering little sympathy from the common people. Though Andronikos worked tirelessly to root out corruption in the Empire, his heavy-handed tactics against the aristocracy naturally led to dissent, and he was eventually overthrown in 1185.
Of equal importance was his failure to prevent the Massacre of the Latins in Constantinople in 1182 when tens of thousands of Western European traders were massacred by mobs in a xenophobic fervor. This contributed to the disunity between the East and the West that culminated in the sack of Constantinople by the members of the Fourth Crusade in 1204.
The death of Andronikos ended the century-long revival of the Komnenoi, and the Empire descended into civil war as the aristocracy and military elite grappled for control. This led to military weakness, allowing the Turks to regain much of their territory in Anatolia. Within two centuries Constantinople would, for the first time in its thousand-year history as capital of the Byzantine Empire, be conquered by a foreign power. The decline of the Empire began almost immediately, for without the strong Komnenoi emperors, the previous financial and military problems of the Empire became clear and unstoppable.
Bibliography
Norwich, John Julius (1997). A Short History of Byzantium. Viking.
Angold, Michael (1997). The Byzantine Empire, 1025–1204: A Political History. Longman.
Haldon, John (2001). The Byzantine Wars. Tempus.
Komnenos dynasty
11th-century crusades
12th-century crusades
11th century in the Byzantine Empire
12th century in the Byzantine Empire |
5392300 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zerelda%20G.%20Wallace | Zerelda G. Wallace | Zerelda Gray Sanders Wallace (August 6, 1817 – March 19, 1901) was the First Lady of Indiana from 1837 to 1840, and a temperance activist, women's suffrage leader, and inspirational speaker in the 1870s and 1880s. She was a charter member of Central Christian Church, the first Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Indianapolis, Indiana. Her husband was David Wallace, the sixth governor of Indiana; Lew Wallace, one of her stepsons, became an American Civil War general and author.
Early life and education
Zerelda Gray Sanders was born on August 7, 1817 in Millersburg, Kentucky. She was the eldest of five daughters born to John H., a physician, and Polly C. (Gray) Sanders. After receiving a grammar-school education, she attended a boarding school at Versailles, Kentucky, from 1828 to 1830. Around 1830 the Sanders family moved to Indianapolis, where her father continued his medical practice. Zerelda was an avid reader as a youth and had an interest in medicine.
Marriage and family
On December 25, 1836, nineteen-year-old Zerelda married thirty-seven-year-old David Wallace. At the time he was the lieutenant governor of Indiana and a widower with three sons from his first marriage. Zerelda became a stepmother to Wallace's sons (William, Lew, and Edward). The couple also had six children of their own, but only three of them (Mary, Agnes, and David) survived to adulthood.
In 1837, a year after the Wallaces were married, David was elected the sixth governor of Indiana, He served from December 6, 1837, to December 9, 1840, and Zerelda, who was in her early twenties, became First Lady of Indiana. In 1841 David served a one-year term in the U.S. Congress, but failed to win re-election and returned to his Indianapolis law practice in 1842. He was judge of the court of common pleas for Marion County, Indiana, until his death in Indianapolis on September 4, 1859. After David's death, Zerelda was left nearly penniless with young children still at home, but she refused assistance from other family members. Fortunately, she retained the family's residence in Indianapolis and took in boarders to earn an income. In 1870 she took on the additional task of caring for the four children of her daughter, Mary, who had died in childbirth.
Lew Wallace, Zerelda's stepson, became an American Civil War general and author of the novel Ben-Hur: A Tale of the Christ. It is believed the character of Ben Hur's mother is modeled after Zerelda, who was a devoted mother to her children and stepsons. Zerelda was also a sister-in-law of Richard Jordan Gatling, inventor of the Gatling gun. Gatling married Zerelda's younger sister, Jemima Sanders.
Her daughter-in-law was an opera singer, Zelda Seguin Wallace, the wife of David Wallace Jr. Zelda Wallace performed at suffrage events hosted by Zerelda Wallace.
Church activities
Zerelda, who was described as shy and without personal ambition, showed little interest in becoming active in public life before 1873. However, she was an active member of the first Christian Church (Disciples of Christ) in Indianapolis. She was a charter member of the congregation, and later served as a church deaconess. Organized in 1833, it was the "mother church" of the other Disciples of Christ congregations in Indianapolis, and was renamed Central Christian Church in 1879. In 1890 its congregation dedicated a new church at Fort Wayne Avenue and Walnut Street, where Wallace's funeral service was held in 1901.
By the 1880s Wallace was not hesitant to demonstrate her convictions on the issue of temperance. In 1883 she refused to take communion unless unfermented grape juice was substituted for wine. Central Christian Church became the first Disciples of Christ church in Indianapolis to switch to grape juice for its communion services; other Disciples of Christ congregations in the United States soon followed its lead.
Temperance and suffrage leader
Wallace had a longstanding interest in social reform, but she became more vocal in her support and an activist in the temperance and women's suffrage movements after 1873. Although she never spoke publicly until the age of fifty-six, Wallace earned a reputation as capable and effective speaker. Better known as an inspirational speaker rather than an administrator among the social reformers of her era, Wallace was popular on the national lecture circuit for her speeches on temperance and suffrage. The speaking engagements she made throughout the United States also provided Wallace with an income.
Wallace's first efforts as a social reformer were tied to the temperance movement. On March 3, 1874, she was among the organizers of the Women's Christian Temperance Union of Indiana. Wallace was elected the Indiana chapter's first president, serving from 1874 to 1876, and also served as its president from 1879 to 1882. In November 1874 Wallace attended the national WCTU conference at Cleveland, Ohio, where she met suffragist Frances Willard. Wallace was described as a "calm" and "non-radical" activist. Her friend Willard later remarked, "A man of equal ability would have been entitled to lead a party or to organize a cabinet."
On January 21, 1875, she testified before the Indiana General Assembly, presenting 21,050 signatures on temperance petitions from forty-seven Indiana counties. Many of the legislators showed "open contempt" as Wallace spoke, and afterwards she credited the event for prompting her to become a suffragist. Later that year she attended the national WCTU conference in Cincinnati, Ohio, where the delegates approved her proposed resolution for a national vote of men and women on prohibition of the manufacture and sale of alcoholic beverages.
By the late 1870s, Wallace had become involved in the women's suffrage movement. In April 1878 twenty-six people who attended a meeting held at Wallace's home agreed to form the Equal Suffrage Society of Indianapolis. Wallace was elected as the group's president; May Wright Sewall, who initiated the group's first meeting a month earlier, was elected secretary. For nearly a decade the Indianapolis suffrage group did not formally join a specific suffrage organization at the national level. Instead, the Society preferred to work with several different groups that were politically active in lobbying, letter-writing campaigns, gathering petitions, and speechmaking on behalf of women's suffrage. The Society finally affiliated with the National Woman Suffrage Association in 1887.
On January 23, 1880, Wallace was one of several who testified before the U.S. Senate Committee on the Judiciary on women's right to vote. As she explained in her address, "You must admit that in popular government the ballot is the most potent means of all moral and social reforms." In 1881 Wallace was among those who lobbied the Indiana General Assembly to approve a woman's suffrage amendment to the state's constitution. The state legislature voted in favor of the suffrage amendment and a prohibition provision in 1881; however, at that time Indiana law required passage in two consecutive sessions of the general assembly followed by approval from the state's voters before the legislation could become state law. At the next legislative session in 1883, the Indiana House of Representatives approved the woman suffrage resolution by a 53 to 42 vote, but the Indiana Senate refused to act on it. The Indiana legislature took no further action on woman suffrage until 1920, when it ratified the Nineteenth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution.
In the early 1880s, after the failure to achieve women's suffrage in Indiana, Wallace felt that a national constitutional amendment would be the fastest and most efficient way to achieve voting rights for women. In 1883 she sent a letter to suffragist Susan B. Anthony expressing her sentiments, and Anthony read Wallace's inspirational letter to delegates attending the fifteenth annual convention of the National Woman Suffrage Association. This group, which was headed by Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Anthony, was one of the two major suffrage groups in the United States at that time. The other was the American Woman Suffrage Association, led by Lucy Stone and Julia Ward Howe. In 1890 the two groups joined forces to form the National American Woman Suffrage Association.
Between 1883 and 1888, Wallace was active in the women's suffrage movement at the national level as head of the franchise (suffrage) department of the national WCTU. In 1887 she was a founder of the Indiana chapter of the National Woman Suffrage Association and delivered an address at the NWSA's national convention. She also served three years as its vice president at large. In 1888 Wallace spoke at the International Conference of Women in Washington, D.C. By that time she was a well-known and popular speaker on social reform issues, especially temperance and woman suffrage.
Later years
In the late 1880s, after Wallace collapsed on a speakers podium, she became less active in the women's suffrage and temperance movements. She spent her final years at the home of her daughter, Agnes, in Cataract, Owen County, Indiana.
Death and legacy
Wallace died March 19, 1901, at Cataract, Indiana, at the age of eighty-three. After her funeral service at Central Christian Church, she was buried at Crown Hill Cemetery in Indianapolis. Lew Wallace memorialized his stepmother as "Mother Wallace, the sweet-tongued apostle of temperance and reform."
In 1930 the League of Women Voters selected Wallace to represent Indiana and installed a bronze plaque in recognition of her efforts on behalf of women's suffrage at its headquarters in Washington, D.C.
In 2004 an Indiana State Historical Marker was dedicated in Wallace's honor on the grounds of the Central Christian Church. The marker is installed along Fort Wayne Avenue, in the block between Alabama and Delaware Streets, in downtown Indianapolis. Kathy Davis, Indiana's first female lieutenant governor, led the June 13, 2004, dedication ceremony.
Notes
References
1817 births
1901 deaths
American women's rights activists
American feminists
American suffragists
American Disciples of Christ
Burials at Crown Hill Cemetery
Writers from Indianapolis
First Ladies and Gentlemen of Indiana
People from Bourbon County, Kentucky
American temperance activists |
5392303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil%20track | Fossil track | A fossil track or ichnite (Greek "ιχνιον" (ichnion) – a track, trace or footstep) is a fossilized footprint. This is a type of trace fossil. A fossil trackway is a sequence of fossil tracks left by a single organism. Over the years, many ichnites have been found, around the world, giving important clues about the behaviour (and foot structure and stride) of the animals that made them. For instance, multiple ichnites of a single species, close together, suggest 'herd' or 'pack' behaviour of that species.
Combinations of footprints of different species provide clues about the interactions of those species. Even a set of footprints of a single animal gives important clues, as to whether it was bipedal or quadrupedal. In this way, it has been suggested that some pterosaurs, when on the ground, used their forelimbs in an unexpected quadrupedal action.
Special conditions are required, in order to preserve a footprint made in soft ground (such as an alluvial plain or a formative sedimentary deposit). A possible scenario is a sea or lake shore that became dried out to a firm mud in hot, dry conditions, received the footprints (because it would only have been partially hardened and the animal would have been heavy) and then became silted over in a flash storm.
The first ichnite found was in 1800 in Massachusetts, US, by a farmer named Pliny Moody, who found 1-foot (31 cm) long fossilized footprints. They were thought by Harvard and Yale scholars to be from "Noah's Raven".
A famous group of ichnites was found in a limestone quarry at Ardley, 20 km Northeast of Oxford, England, in 1997. They were thought to have been made by Megalosaurus and possibly Cetiosaurus. There are replicas of some of these footprints, set across the lawn of Oxford University Museum of Natural History (OUMNH).
A creature named Cheirotherium was, for a long time and still may be, only known from its fossilized trail. Its footprints were first found in 1834, in Thuringia, Germany, dating from the Late Triassic Period.
The largest known dinosaur footprints, belonging to sauropods and dating from the early Cretaceous were found to the north of Broome on the Dampier Peninsula, Western Australia, with some footprints measuring 1.7 m. The 3D digital documentation of tracks has the benefit of being able to examine ichnite in detail remotely and distribute the data to colleagues and other interested personnel.
Fossil trackways
Many fossil trackways were made by dinosaurs, early tetrapods, and other quadrupeds and bipeds on land. Marine organisms also made many ancient trackways (such as the trails of trilobites and eurypterids like Hibbertopterus).
Some basic fossil trackway types:
footprints
tail drags
belly drag marks – (e.g., tetrapods)
chain of trace platforms – (example: Yorgia)
body imprint – (Monuron trackway, insect)
The majority of fossil trackways are foot impressions on land, or subsurface water, but other types of creatures will leave distinctive impressions. Examples of creatures supported, or partially supported, in a water environment are known. The fossil "millipede-type" genus Arthropleura left its multi-legged/feet trackways on land.
Hominid trackways
Africa
Tanzania
Some of the earliest trackways for human ancestors have been discovered in Tanzania. The Laetoli trackway is famous for the hominin footprints preserved in volcanic ash. After the footprints were made in powdery ash, soft rain cemented the ash layer to tuff, preserving the prints. The hominid prints were produced by three individuals, one walking in the footprints of the other, making the original tracks difficult to discover. As the tracks lead in the same direction, they might have been produced by a group – but there is nothing else to support the common reconstruction of a nuclear family visiting the waterhole together.
South Africa
In South Africa, two ancient trackways have been found containing footprints, one at Langebaan and one at Nahoon. Both trackways occur in calcareous eolianites or hardened sand dunes. At Nahoon, trackways of at least five species of vertebrates, including three hominid footprints, are preserved as casts. The prints at Langebaan are the oldest human footprints, dated to approximately 117,000 years old.
Australia
New South Wales
Twenty six human fossil trackways have been found in the Willandra Lakes area adjacent to Lake Garnpung, consisting of 563 human footprints from 19,000 to 20,000 years ago.
Early Tetrapod
The earliest land creatures (actually land-marine coastal-riverine-marshland) left some of the first terrestrial trackways. They range from tetrapods to proto-reptilians and others.
A possible first connection of a trackway with the vertebrate that left it was published by Drs. Sebastian Voigt and David Berman and Amy Henrici in the 12 September 2007 issue of Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. The paleontologists who made the connection were aided by unusually detailed trackways left in fine-grained Lower Permian mud of the Tambach Formation in central Germany, together with exceptionally complete fossilised skeletons in the same 290-million-year-old strata. They matched the two most common trackways with the two most common fossils, two reptile-like herbivores known as Diadectes absitus (with the trackway pseudonym Ichniotherium cottae) and Orobates pabsti (with the trackway pseudonym of Orobates pabsti).
The Permo-Carboniferous of Prince Edward Island, Canada contains trackways of tetrapods and stem-reptiles. Macrofloral and palynological information help date them.
Ireland hosts late Middle Devonian tetrapod trackways at three sites on Valentia Island within the Valentia Slate Formation.
The earliest fossil trackway of primitive tetrapods in Australia occurs in the Genoa River Gorge, Victoria, dating from the Devonian 350 million years ago.
Dinosaur trackways
Dinosaurs lived on the continents before grasses evolved (the "Age of the Grasses" evolved with the "Age of the Mammals"); the dinosaurs lived in the Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous and left many trackways, both from plant-eaters and the meat-eaters, in various layers of mud and sand.
With scientific analysis, dinosaur specialists are now analyzing tracks for the walking-speeds, or sprint-running speeds for all categories of dinosaurs, even to the large plant eaters, but especially the faster 3-toed meat hunters. Evidence of herding, as well as pack hunting are also being investigated.
Brazil
Valley of the Dinosaurs, Paraíba, Brazil
Africa
Namibia
In north-central Namibia there is a dinosaur trackway in sandstone on what is now the private farm Otjihaenamparero. Larger footprints are of a ceratosauria and smaller ones of syntarsus. The prints are believed to be around 190 million years old.
Zimbabwe
In the Lower Zimbabwe Rift Valley there is a trackway in 140 Ma rose-coloured sandstone of Chewore Area. The small footprint size, with both manus and pes, implies that it is a trackway of a juvenile, a probable carnosaur.
North America
The western regions of North America, especially the western border of the Western Interior Seaway, are common for dinosaur trackways. Wyoming has dinosaur trackways from the Late Cretaceous, 65 ma. (A model example of this 3-toed Wyoming trackway was made for presentation)
In the United States, dinosaur footprints and trackways are found in the Glen Rose Formation, the most famous of these being the Paluxy River site in Dinosaur Valley State Park. These were the first sauropoda footprints scientifically documented, and were designated a US National Natural Landmark in 1969. Some are as large as about 3 feet across. The prints are thought to have been preserved originally in a tidal flat or a lagoon. There are tracks from two types of dinosaur. The first type of tracks are from a sauropod and were made by an animal of 30 to 50 feet in length, perhaps a brachiosaurid such as Pleurocoelus, and the second tracks by a theropoda, an animal of 20 to 30 feet in length, perhaps an Acrocanthosaurus. A variety of scenarios was proposed to explain the tracks, but most likely represent twelve sauropods "probably as a herd, followed somewhat later by three theropods that may or may not have been stalking – but that certainly were not attacking."
Other examples include:
Dinosaur tracks, near Moab, Utah
Dinosaur Footprints Reservation in Holyoke, Massachusetts, US
Red Gulch Dinosaur Tracksite, Wyoming
Prehistoric Trackways National Monument near Las Cruces, New Mexico
Connecticut River Valley trackways, in New England
Clayton Lake State Park dinosaur trackway near Clayton, New Mexico
China
The Gansu dinosaur trackway located in the Liujiazia National Dinosaur Geopark in Yanguoxia, China contains hundreds of tracks including 245 dinosaur, 350 theropod, 364 sauropod and 628 ornithopod tracks among others.
Australia
The Lark Quarry Trackway in Queensland contains three-toed tracks made by a heard of ornithopod dinosaurs crossing a river. It was once believed they respresented a large predator chasing doqn a mixed flock of small ornithopods and theropods, but this was contested in 2011.
Mammal trackways
Mammal trackways are among the least common trackways. Mammals were not often in mud, or riverine environments; they were more often in forestlands or grasslands. Thus the earlier tetrapods or proto-tetrapods would yield the most fossil trackways. The Walchia forest of Brule, Nova Scotia has an example of an in situ Walchia forest, and tetrapod trackways that extended over some period of time through the forest area.
United States
A 1.5km-long Late Pleistocene Age trackway of Human (child and adult) fossilized footprints, as well as mammoth and giant ground sloth tracks have been found at White Sands National Park. Near Alamogordo, New Mexico
Australia
A recent marsupial trackway site in the Colac district of Australia (west of Colac) contains marsupial trackways as well as kangaroo and wallaby tracks.
Gallery of images
See also
Ichnites, a type of ichnite
List of stratigraphic units with dinosaur tracks
Formations with ichnites
List of non-Dinosauria fossil trackway articles
List of fossil sites
References
External links
Texts on natural casts of dinosaur tracks found in Utah coal mines
Wyoming 3-toed trackways
Zimbabwe juvenile dinosaur trackway
Redbeds of Prince Edward Island, Permo-Carboniferous
Dinosaur trackways:
Photo-High Res – (Outdoor photo); Article Photo from Dakota Formation, Colorado
Early Tetrapods:
Earth History, (tetrapod trackways, etc.)
Australia
Marsupial trackways, Colac district.
Trace fossils |
5392305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20snapper | Red snapper | Red snapper is a common name of several fish species. It may refer to:
Several species from the genus Lutjanus:
Lutjanus campechanus, Northern red snapper, commonly referred to as red snapper in the Gulf of Mexico and western Atlantic Ocean
Lutjanus purpureus, Southern red snapper, is one of several Lutjanus species called red snapper (or by the name huachinango in Mexico) or Pargo in South America
Red snappers from Southeast Asian waters may be Lutjanus species such as Lutjanus argentimaculatus and Lutjanus sebae
Several species from the genus Sebastes:
Sebastes miniatus
Sebastes ruberrimus, commonly referred to as red snapper along the Pacific coast of North America
Several species from the genus Centroberyx:
Centroberyx affinis, commonly referred to as red snapper in New Zealand
Centroberyx gerrardi, one of several species commonly referred to as red snapper in Australia
Etelis coruscans, long tail red snapper, commonly referred to as onaga in Hawaii
Pagrus major, referred to as red snapper in English in contexts concerning Japanese regional cuisine
Tilapia has been observed marketed as "red snapper" in sushi restaurants in the United States
A study released January 26, 2018, by UBC associate professor of food science Dr. Xiaonan Lu, showed that in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, red snapper is 100% mislabelled and is actually tilapia or rockfish.
References
Fish common names
Former disambiguation pages converted to set index articles |
5392317 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edwin%20Felix%20Thomas%20Atkinson | Edwin Felix Thomas Atkinson | Edwin Felix Thomas Atkinson, (6 September 1840 – 15 September 1890) was an Irish lawyer in the Indian Civil Service who contributed in his spare time collecting insects and contributing to entomology.
Life and career
He was born in County Tipperary, Ireland, studied at Trinity College, Dublin and sat the Indian Civil Service Examinations in 1861.
He joined the Indian Civil Service in 1862 and served in Bengal Presidency and the North-Western Provinces. Atkinson was a lawyer specialising in Indian law, and successively worked as Judge in a Small Cause Court, Deputy Commissioner of Paper Currency in Allahabad, and Accountant General of the North West Provinces. He was commissioned to produce a Gazetteer of Northwestern India and also wrote several books.
He was a Fellow of the Royal Geographical Society and a member of the Entomological Society of London. As an entomologist he had a particular interest in Lepidoptera (butterflies and moths) and was credited with identifying several new specimens both in Britain and in India. He was President of The Asiatic Society (of Bengal) for 1886-87 and awarded the title of Companion of the Indian Empire (CIE).
He died in Calcutta in 1890 from Bright's disease. He had married Caroline, the daughter of Major Nicholettes of the Bengal Native Infantry, with whom he had a son, Francis.
Works
1875 Descriptive and Historical Account of the Aligarh District, Oxford University Press
1881 Gazetteer of the Himalayan Districts of the North-Western Provinces (3 volumes)
1885 Notes on Indian Rhynchota; Heteroptera. No. 4. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 57: 118-184
1886 Notes on Indian Rhynchota; Heteroptera. No. 5. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. 58: 20-109
1890 Catalogue of the Insecta. Order Rhynchota. Suborder Hemiptera-Heteroptera. Family Capsidae. J. Asiat. Soc. Beng. (Nat. Sci. Suppl.) 58: 25-200
Collections
Heteroptera collection Natural History Museum BMNH and Dresden (via Staudinger & Otto Bang-Haas).
References
Sources
Poggi and Conci (1996) for biographical information.
External links
1840 births
1890 deaths
People from County Tipperary
Alumni of Trinity College Dublin
Indian civil servants
Irish entomologists
Fellows of the Royal Geographical Society
Presidents of The Asiatic Society
British people in colonial India |
5392319 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gemini%20Media | Gemini Media | Gemini Media was founded in 1979 by John H. Zwarensteyn in Grand Rapids, Michigan. The company's offices are located at 549 Ottawa Avenue NW, Grand Rapids, Michigan 49503.
History
Zwarensteyn had published Grand Rapids Magazine as a staff member of the Grand Rapids Area Chamber of Commerce during the 1970s and purchased the publication when the chamber decided to sell it in 1979.
In 1980 he bought out his partners and formed Gemini Publications. In 1983, Grand Rapids Magazine began to take on more of a consumer focus as Gemini began publishing the Grand Rapids Business Journal—first as a monthly business-to-business newspaper—then in 1986, as a weekly.
The Gemini Publications list of titles includes:
Grand Rapids magazine (monthly)
Grand Rapids Business Journal (weekly)
Michigan Blue (six times annually)
Acquired
On September 1, 2018, Gemini Publications was acquired by Hour Media of Detroit, Michigan. The new name of the company is Gemini Media LLC.
References
Publishing companies of the United States
Companies based in Grand Rapids, Michigan
Publishing companies established in 1979 |
5392331 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axillary%20fascia | Axillary fascia | The pectoral fascia is very thin over the upper part of the Pectoralis major, but thicker in the interval between it and the Latissimus dorsi, where it closes in the axillary space and forms the axillary fascia. Axillary fascia, together with the skin, forms the base of the axilla.
See also
Suspensory ligament of axilla
References
Fascia |
5392347 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NI%20Ultiboard | NI Ultiboard | NI Ultiboard or formerly ULTIboard is an electronic Printed Circuit Board Layout program which is part of a suite of circuit design programs, along with NI Multisim. One of its major features is the Real Time Design Rule Check, a feature that was only offered on expensive work stations in the days when it was introduced. ULTIboard was originally created by a company named Ultimate Technology, which is now a subsidiary of National Instruments. Ultiboard includes a 3D PCB viewing mode, as well as integrated import and export features to the Schematic Capture and Simulation software in the suite, Multisim.
History
Market Penetration
ULTIboard was originally created by Ultimate Technology in Naarden, Netherlands.
ULTIboard was sold for $800–$2500, depending on the design size required.
Student versions that were offered for very low prices were limited; they could not produce photo plot files. They also contributed to the popularity of the software as most students knew how to work with the program.
Ultimate Technology's Managing Director, James Post, was known for his innovative marketing approach and customer oriented thinking. In 1989 they distributed 180,000 demo-discs via electronics magazines, a first in history. Soon thereafter, ULTIboard became marketing leader in Europe in the field of PC based PCB design products.
The company held worldwide User Meetings where customers could attend free and even got a free gourmet lunch. Optionally, customers could take an afternoon training to get up and running with the latest features. Priced at US$75, most users took this option. Other PR activities included invitations for customers to have a lunch during trade shows and conferences, boat rides, cart racing, flying for their best accounts. This strategy helped ULTIboard to become the leader in customer loyalty.
Rebranding
Ultimate Technology merged with Interactive Image Technologies in 1999 and eventually renamed itself to Electronics Workbench. In 2003 all development of ULTIboard was moved to the head office in Toronto.
Ultiboard is now supported and distributed by National Instruments. The product has been renamed from Electronics Workbench back to Ultiboard with the schematic capture and simulation tool named Multisim.
See also
Comparison of EDA software
List of free electronics circuit simulators
NI Multisim, the schematic capture and simulation software that is integrated with Ultiboard.
OrCAD, a competitor to Ultiboard.
External links
NI Ultiboard product page
Getting Started with NI Ultiboard
Electronic design automation software |
5392357 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honeybird | Honeybird | Honeybirds are birds in the genus Prodotiscus of the honeyguide family. They are confined to sub-Saharan Africa.
References - Honeybird - A guide by J Ian L. Gong
Description
They are all drab coloured birds, with grey or grey-green upperparts, and grey to whitish-grey underparts. They are among the smallest members of the honeyguide family. They have slender bills compared to other members of the family.
Habits
Unlike other honeyguides they do not feed on beeswax. They help in the pollination of plants like Strelitzia, Callistemon (bottle brush), Bombax, Butea monosperma and coral trees (see: ornithophily). They parasitise nests of cisticolas, sunbirds and other dome-nesting bird species.
Species
There are three species:
Prodotiscus |
5392365 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venus%20und%20Adonis | Venus und Adonis | is a one-act opera by Hans Werner Henze with a German libretto by Hans-Ulrich Treichel, after the poem by William Shakespeare. The work uses singers and dancers.
It was first performed by the Bavarian State Opera in Munich on 11 January 1997 . The American première was at the Santa Fe Opera in August 2000, staged by Alfred Kirchner, and the same production was used for the Canadian première, which took place in Toronto in 2001 . The Japanese premiere was given in concert form in Tokyo on 11 January 2001 .
Roles
Source:
References
Further reading
Operas by Hans Werner Henze
German-language operas
1997 operas
Operas
Operas based on classical mythology
Operas based on works by William Shakespeare
One-act operas |
5392391 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Could%20Be%20the%20One%20%28Stacie%20Orrico%20song%29 | I Could Be the One (Stacie Orrico song) | "I Could Be the One" is the fourth and final mainstream single from Stacie Orrico's self-titled second album. It was a limited release (only being released to radio stations in the UK and Poland). It did not fare as well as the first three singles but nonetheless became her fourth top-40 hit in the UK.
Music video
The video for the song was done in the same vein as the "Stuck" video which was also directed by Diane Martel and also featured Orrico's cousin, actor Trevor Wright. The version of the song in the video was slightly longer to the one that appeared on the album, with an extra chorus between the breakdown and third verse. This version, however, has never been commercially available.
Track listings
UK: CD 1
"I Could Be the One" (album version)
"Stuck" (acoustic performance)
UK: CD 2
"I Could Be the One" (album version)
"Stuck" (Earthlink Live)
"Tight" (Earthlink Live)
"I Could Be the One" (video)
Charts
References
The Original Stacie Orrico Gallery
Stacie Orrico songs
2003 songs
2004 singles
ForeFront Records singles
Music videos directed by Diane Martel
Songs written by Tedd T
Songs written by Stacie Orrico
Virgin Records singles |
5392406 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benaocaz | Benaocaz | Benaocaz is a village located in the province of Cádiz, Spain. According to the 2006 census, the city has a population of 729 inhabitants.
The town's name dates back to the Moors, and derives from The Arabic Ocaz family, with ‘Ben’ meaning “son of”. In the upper part of the town, Moorish and 8th century ruins are evident.
Declared an historic site, the village includes the Aznalmara castle which dates to the 13th and 14th centuries.
Demographics
Sights of Benaocaz
References
External links
Benaocaz - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz |
3999386 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newcastle%20Northstars | Newcastle Northstars | The Newcastle Northstars (formally Newcastle North Stars) is an Australian semi-professional ice hockey team from Newcastle, New South Wales. The Northstars are a member of the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL). The team is based at the Hunter Ice Skating Stadium in Warners Bay, a suburb of Lake Macquarie, 15 kilometres south-west of Newcastle. The Northstars are affiliated with the ice hockey club of the same name and have won six Goodall Cups.
History
1977–2001 (Pre-AIHL)
Ice hockey started in the city of Newcastle in 1960 at the old boxing stadium where Marketown is now situated.
Originally the Newcastle Red Wings, the Red Wings were part of national leagues of the time. Due to instability there were several variations of these leagues. The Red Wings became the North Stars in 1978 and were leading the national 'Super League' at the time when the Newcastle ice rink went into liquidation in late 1982.
Some players then retired, while others went on to play for teams in Sydney or join inline hockey teams that started in the 1990s in Newcastle. A Newcastle North Stars in-line hockey team was formed including former members of the defunct Wharf Road team.
In 2000 the Hunter Ice Skating Stadium (a.k.a. HISS) opened at 230 Macquarie Road, Warners Bay. The Lake Macquarie suburb, only 15 km from the city, proved an ideal location for the new rink. The rink opened with former North Stars player/coach Garry Doré as general manager.
A local committee was established and the Newcastle Northstars Ice Hockey Club was registered in 2001. The team mostly consisted of Canadian expatriates along with four talented local-born players contested the New South Wales Senior B championship. The Senior B North Stars went on to win the state Senior B Championship for 2001.
Later in 2001 the Hunter Ice Skating Stadium hosted the Goodall Cup tournament. The Goodall Cup is Australia's senior men's national tournament, contested since 1909. Utilising the experience from running the tournament and gaining assistance from existing AIHL teams, rink general manager Garry Doré began building a team ready for the Australian Ice Hockey League. Canadian expatriate Don Champagne was recruited to be coach, and local hockey enthusiast Peter Lambert was recruited as Team Manager.
2002–2006
The Newcastle Northstars entered the Australian Ice Hockey League (AIHL) as the North Stars in 2002. They were a part of the league's expansion that saw the league double in size from three teams to six. The Northstars joined the league along with the Melbourne Ice and Western Sydney Ice Dogs.
Don Champagne was appointed the inaugural Northstars AIHL head coach while Bill Jones was named foundation captain. Due to a lack of local talent in the first season, the league allowed the Northstars to find players in Sydney and evenly split their roster between locals and imports. Newcastle assembled a roster for 2002 with nine Canadians expats and eight locals.
The 2002 season produced highs and lows for the Novocastrians. Newcastle's first ever match in the AIHL was at home at the Hunter Ice Skating Stadium on 4 May 2002 against the Western Sydney Ice Dogs. The Northstars lost the match 3–7. Newcastle's first AIHL victory and shutout came on 19 May 2002 when they defeated the Canberra Knights 4–0. The Northstars finished the season in fourth place with six wins and ten losses. Canadian forward, Brett Hillier, finished the season as the Northstars top points scorers with 34 points.
In 2003, Newcastle appointed their first coaching director. Former Denmark and Canadian national team coach, Rob Barnes was appointed to the position by the Northstars. Barnes made an immediate impact in Newcastle with the Northstars finishing second in the league table in the 2003 season. The Northstars then won their very first AIHL era trophy in 2003. The Novocastrians defeated the Ice Dogs 4–1 in the AIHL final to claim the Goodall Cup.
The Northstars backed up this success in 2004 by finishing top of the league table having only lost one match all season and claimed the team's first premiership and V.I.P. Cup. Success continued in 2005 and 2006 with the Northstars claiming back-to-back Goodall Cups with victories over rivals Adelaide Avalanche in the final in both seasons.
2007–2016
The decade between 2007 and 2016 saw the Northstars continue their strong position within the league, establishing a winning tradition within the team culture. Newcastle throughout this period of time, claimed league premiers and the H Newman Reid Trophy, four times by finishing top of the league standings in 2009, 2010, 2012 and 2015. The team reached the Goodall Cup final eight times, claiming three Goodall Cups in 2008, 2015 and 2016. The Northstars also found success for the first time in the NSW Wilson Cup, lifting the trophy in 2015. The Northstars set a few team records in 2015 with their highest ever points total in a season (63), highest goals scored in a season (152) and highest goals difference (+69). Canadian import, Geordie Wudrick also set league records for highest points in a season, 91 points at a rate of 3.25 per game and most goals in a season, 44 goals. At the conclusion of the 2016 season, for the time, the team had become the most successful franchise in AIHL history.
2017–present
April 2017, prior to the start of the 2017 season, the team announced a minor change to their name. They changed their name from the North Stars to the Northstars. The re-brand was completed to align to the team with the New South Wales registered club, the Newcastle Northstars Ice Hockey Club.
2017 marked a shift in fortunes for the team. After only missing out on finals twice in the previous fifteen years, the Northstars not only failed to qualify for finals but finished their lowest ever position in the league, seventh. Ten wins from twenty eight matches with a negative twenty seven goal difference did not make for good reading. Head coach, Andrew Petrie, decided to step down from his position at the conclusion of the season.
2018 saw an improvement in the Northstars with thirteen wins in the season and a fifth-place finish under the leadership of stand-in coaching trio, Joey Theriault, Ray Sheffield and Garry Doré. However, it was still not good enough to see them qualify for the finals weekend in Melbourne and for the first time in the team's history they failed to qualify for finals back-to-back.
2019, the Northstars hired a new head coach in former Northstars player, John Kennedy Jnr. This was the American Aussie's first head coaching positioning since retiring as a player. The team recruited well with a number of quality imports joining from overseas. Leading the way for the team in 2019 was Canadian import Sammy Banga who finished third top points scorer in the league with sixty-six points. The Northstars saw great improvement over the previous two seasons under the guidance of John Kennedy. They finished the season runners-up in the league standings and qualified for the finals which were played in Newcastle for the first time in seven years. Unfortunately for the Northstars, they were defeated 2-3 by the Perth Thunder in the semi-finals in front of a boisterous home crowd.
Season-by-season results
Notes:
Championships
Goodall Cup
Champions (6): 2003, 2005, 2006, 2008, 2015, 2016
Runners-Up (6): 2004, 2007, 2009, 2011, 2012, 2013
H Newman Reid Trophy (2008-Current)
Premiers (4): 2009, 2010, 2012, 2015
Runners-Up (3): 2011, 2013, 2019
V.I.P. Cup (2004-07)*
Premiers (1): 2004
Runners-Up (2): 2003, 2005
Wilson Cup
Winners (1): 2015
Runners-Up (1): 2014
Bauer Conference
Winners (1): 2012
* This list also includes Premierships prior to the first trophy, V.I.P. Cup, for Premiers in 2004.
Players
Current roster
Team roster for the 2019 AIHL season</small>
Player records
The following are the top five all-time leaders in five different statistical categories: matches played; goals; assists; points; penalty minutes
Staff
<small>Staff roster for the 2019 AIHL season
Accolades
The Newcastle Northstars have been recognised by the Newcastle City Council as Newcastle's most outstanding senior sports team on three occasions in 2003, 2004 and 2006. They were also a finalist in 2008.
North Stars goalie Matt Ezzy was voted "Sportsperson of the Year" by the Lake Macquarie City Council for his 2005 season in February 2006, and was a finalist for the same award in 2007. North Stars defenceman and assistant captain Rob Starke was also a finalist for Senior Sportsperson of the year, 2007.
North Stars coach Don Champagne was voted "Sports Official of the Year 2010" at the 2011 Newcastle City Sports Awards.
Club award winners
Each season the Northstars hold an annual awards night to present that season's team awards. There are six awards given out at the awards nights including most valuable player, best defensive player, most improved player, most dedicated player, Tony Huntley Award for best Australian player and the coach's award.
References:
Rivalries
Sydney Ice Dogs
The Proski Newcastle North Stars' primary rivals are the Sydney Ice Dogs (Formally West Sydney Ice Dogs). The first ever AIHL game for the Proski North Stars was a loss to the Ice Dogs, who joined the league in 2002 along with the North Stars. The two teams have a rich history in the AIHL Finals of facing off in big matches in pursuit of the Goodall Cup. The North Stars defeated the Ice Dogs in the 2003 and 2008 finals to win the Goodall Cup (both by a margin of 4–1). The North Stars lost the Cup to the Ice Dogs in the 2004 final, while also defeating the Ice Dogs in the semi-final in 2005.
Adelaide
Over the years the Northstars developed a healthy competitive rivalry with Adelaide franchises, the Adelaide Avalanche and Adelaide Adrenaline. The Northstars and Adelaide have a knack of facing off in big finals matches with both teams sharing in the winning spoils at different times.
The Northstars and Avalanche met in the Goodall Cup deciders in 2005 and 2006. In 2005, the two teams fought for the regular season title with the Avalanche finishing first but the Northstars used their home crowd advantage in the final to secure a 3–1 victory. In 2006, the Northstars only snuck into the finals by finishing fourth but in the finals the dominated the Melbourne Ice in the semi's before meeting the Avalanche in the final. The Northstars played the perfect match, shutting out Adelaide and securing the cup with a 4–0 victory.
In 2009 the North Stars were defeated by the Adrenaline in overtime in the Goodall Cup final, 3–2 in overtime. In 2010 the Adrenaline knocked out the Northstars in the semi-final, holding off a third period comeback by the Northstars to win 7–6.
CBR Brave
Since the induction of the CBR Brave into the AIHL in 2014, the Northstars have built a heated rivalry with the team from Canberra. The two sides have fought each other for league titles, faced-off in hotly contested finals matches, seen players and coaches switch teams and seen a player's career ended. Both sets of fans have a history of banter with walk out music, placards and clothing being used to ramp up the rivalry.
In the 2015 AIHL semi-finals the two teams met in Melbourne. The Brave took a 3–0 lead thanks to two short-handed goals deep into the second period. The Northstars then kicked into life and fought back to win the match 4-3 thanks to a third period hat trick to league MVP Geordie Wudrick.
The Brave then ‘poached’ Wudrick and Jan Safar for the 2016 season, causing a massive stir around the league. Northstar's head coach, Andrew Petrie, took the issue up with the local media and labelled the Brave disrespectful and a team trying to buy the league title. He also went on to label the city of Canberra a place ‘in the middle of nowhere’.
The four 2016 regular season matches saw the two teams rack up 178 penalty minutes and end Brave import Art Bidlevskii's career. The defenceman was accidentally struck in the throat. The two teams met in the AIHL final with the Northstars triumphing over the Brave 2-1 to clinch their sixth Goodall Cup.
In 2017, Newcastle legend, Rob Starke switched to the Brave to take up the head coaching position following his playing retirement. He took with him another long-time Northstars favourite, Brian Bales.
In 2019, the two teams fought for the H Newman Reid trophy for finishing premiers on top of the regular season table. The Northstars and Brave were one and two for much of the season but in the end the Brave claimed the trophy and the Northstars finished second.
Honoured members
S.M. Hudson Trophy
The Hudson Trophy is awarded by Ice Hockey Australia for sportsman of the year. It was first awarded in 1964 and is open for nominations by Australian ice hockey organisations and teams. Glenn Foll, who captained the Australian national team between 1990 and 2006, is the only player who has played for the Northstars and won the Hudson Trophy. Foll played for Newcastle during the 2005 AIHL season. He won the award in 2003 while playing for rivals Adelaide Avalanche.
Retired numbers
Throughout the history of the Newcastle Northstars, three jersey numbers have been retired in honour of former club legends. The retired jersey number banners hang on the player's bench side of the Hunter Ice Skating Stadium.
Team leaders
Below are lists of front and backroom leaders for the Newcastle Northstars since they joined the Australian Ice Hockey League in 2002.
Northstars trivia
Trivia that relates to the Newcastle Northstars club or current and past players of the Northstars.
The North Stars set an AIHL record for most goals scored in a game by one team – and also for the greatest winning margin in a game – when they defeated the Canberra Knights by a score of 21–2 at the HISS on 6 August 2006. Centre Marcel Kars recorded 8 goals and 4 assists in the game.
Goaltender Ken Kozak played for the North Stars in 2002. He was in goal for the Australian national team when they defeated New Zealand 58–0 in Perth in 1987, a world record score for an international ice hockey game.
References
External links
Official Website: Newcastle Northstars
AIHL Website: Australian Ice Hockey League
IHNSW: Ice Hockey NSW
IHA: Ice Hockey Australia
HISS Website: Hunter Ice Skating Stadium
Australian Ice Hockey League teams
Ice hockey teams in Australia
Sport in Newcastle, New South Wales
Sports teams in Newcastle, New South Wales
City of Lake Macquarie
Ice hockey clubs established in 1981
1981 establishments in Australia
Trans-Tasman Champions League |
5392409 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Vaux | Richard Vaux | Richard Vaux (December 19, 1816 – March 22, 1895) was an American politician. He was mayor of Philadelphia and a member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Early life and education
Richard Vaux was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, December 19, 1816. The son of the lawyer philanthropist Roberts Vaux, he was educated by private tutors at the Friends Select School in Philadelphia and Bolmar's French School in West Chester, Pennsylvania. After studying law, Richard Vaux was admitted to the Pennsylvania bar in Philadelphia on April 15, 1837, about a year after his father's early death. Vaux traveled to London with government dispatches and remained for a year to serve as secretary of legation under Andrew Stevenson, United States Minister to Great Britain.
Vaux returned to Philadelphia in 1839 and was elected a member of the Pennsylvania State House of Representatives, then a delegate to the Democratic State convention in 1840. Vaux began the private practice of law in Philadelphia in 1840, around the time of his marriage as mentioned below. Vaux served as recorder of deeds of Philadelphia from 1842 to 1849, although the position lacked any salary, and in 1845 published the Recorders' Decisions which became well known (as was his never having been reversed by a higher court). The Supreme Court of Pennsylvania appointed Vaux Inspector of the State Penitentiary for the Eastern District of Pennsylvania in 1842, and he served as secretary and later as president of the board of inspectors until his death. He was elected as a member of the American Philosophical Society in 1884.
Mayoral campaigns
An unsuccessful candidate for mayor of Philadelphia in 1842, 1846, and 1854 as a Democrat opposing Whig candidates, Vaux was elected mayor in 1856. He was subsequently defeated for reelection in 1858 by Alexander Henry.
Vaux also served as a member of the Board of City Trusts 1859–1866, and its president 1863–1865.
Congress
Vaux was elected in 1890 as a Democrat to the 51st Congress to fill the vacancy left by the death of Samuel J. Randall and served from May 20, 1890, to March 3, 1891, having lost his bid for reelection in 1890.
Personal life
Deeply involved with the Masonic fraternity since the age of 26, Vaux served as Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Pennsylvania in 1868. He thus laid the cornerstone of the iconic Masonic Temple of Philadelphia which remains the headquarters for Freemasonry in the state, symbolically tapping it into place with the same gavel George Washington had used during the Masonic cornerstone ceremony for the United States Capitol building.
Vaux married on March 12, 1840, Mary Morris, daughter of Jacob Shoemaker and Sarah Morris Waln. Richard and Mary Vaux had six children, of whom Jacob Waln Vaux was the fifth.
Vaux died on March 22, 1895, in Philadelphia and was interred in Laurel Hill Cemetery.
References
1816 births
1895 deaths
Politicians from Philadelphia
Mayors of Philadelphia
Members of the Pennsylvania House of Representatives
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Members of the Philadelphia Club
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
19th-century American politicians
Members of the American Philosophical Society |
5392413 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Brook%20%28Cold%20River%20tributary%29 | Great Brook (Cold River tributary) | Great Brook is a tributary of the Cold River in western New Hampshire in the United States.
Part of the Connecticut River watershed, Great Brook begins in the highlands in the town of Acworth, New Hampshire, and flows southwest through the center of the town of Langdon, joining the Cold River upstream from the Connecticut River.
See also
List of rivers of New Hampshire
References
Rivers of New Hampshire
Tributaries of the Connecticut River
Rivers of Sullivan County, New Hampshire |
5392425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fedders | Fedders | Fedders is an American company that manufactures air conditioners and other air treatment products. Founded by Theodore Fedders in 1896, Fedders is headquartered in the Basking Ridge section of Bernards Township in Somerset County, New Jersey, United States.
Fedders was founded in 1896 by Theodore Fedder as a producer of milk cans, bread pans and kerosene tanks. The company began manufacturing room air conditioners in 1946. Fedders purchased Airtemp from Chrysler in 1976. Fedders also purchased the General Electric room air conditioner and rotary compressor plant in Columbia, Tennessee in 1987.
Fedders Quigan Corp. an American company owns the Fedders trademark in the United States.
References
External links
Heating, ventilation, and air conditioning companies
Bernards Township, New Jersey
Cooling technology
Companies based in Somerset County, New Jersey
Manufacturing companies established in 1896
1896 establishments in New Jersey |
3999397 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malaysia%20Federal%20Route%2096 | Malaysia Federal Route 96 | Federal Route 96, or Jalan Simpang Renggam–Benut, is a main federal road in Johor, Malaysia. The road connects the town of Simpang Renggam to Benut in Johor. The road is also a main route to North–South Expressway Southern Route via Simpang Renggam Interchange.
Route background
The Kilometre Zero of the Federal Route 96 starts at Benut, at its interchange with the Federal Route 5, the main trunk road of the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia.
Features
At most sections, the Federal Route 96 was built under the JKR R5 road standard, with a speed limit of 90 km/h.
List of junctions and towns
References
096 |
5392435 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kjersti%20Elvik | Kjersti Elvik | Kjersti Elvik (born 9 March 1969) is a Norwegian actress, born in Bergen. She was educated at the Norwegian National Academy of Theatre, and started her career at Trøndelag Teater. Elvik had her breakthrough in the popular Norwegian TV-series "Vestavind", but is probably best known for her role as Hanne Wilhelmsen in the filmatisation of Anne Holt's crime novels Salige er de som tørster and Blind gudinne. She also acted in the television sitcom Seks som Oss on TV2 from 2004 to 2007. In 2009 she starred in Mamma Mia, in the role of Rosy, at Folketeateret in Oslo. She is married and has one child.
Filmography
Snøfall (2016) TV Series
Varg Veum - Kvinnen i kjøleskapet (2008)
Hawaii, Oslo (2004)
Den som frykter ulven (2004–07)
Seks som oss (2004) TV Series
Salige er de som tørster (1997)
Blind gudinne (1997) (TV)
Vestavind (1994) (mini) TV Series
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1969 births
Living people
Actors from Bergen
Norwegian stage actresses
Norwegian television actresses
Norwegian film actresses
Norwegian musical theatre actresses |
3999398 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malhar%20Rao%20Holkar | Malhar Rao Holkar | Malhar Rao Holkar (16 March 1693 – 20 May 1766) was a noble subedar of the Maratha Empire, in present-day India. He was one of the early officers along with Ranoji Scindia to help spread the Maratha rule to northern states and was given the estate of Indore to rule by the Peshwas, during the reign of the Maratha emperor Shahu I.
Early life
Malhar Rao Holkar was from the Maratha community. He was born on 16 March 1693 in the village of Hol, near Jejuri, Pune District to Khanduji Holkar of Vir. His father died in 1696, when he was only three years of age. Malhar Rao grew up in Taloda (Nandurbar District, Maharashtra) in the castle of his maternal uncle, Sardar Bhojrajrao Bargal. His maternal uncle held a cavalry under Maratha noble Sardar Kadam Bande. Bargal asked Malhar Rao to join his cavalry and soon after that he was placed in-charge of cavalry detachment.
He married Gautama Bai Bargal (d. 29 September 1761), his uncle's daughter, in 1717. He also married Bana Bai Sahib Holkar, Dwarka Bai Sahib Holkar, Harku Bai Sahib Holkar, a Khanda Rani. This Khanda Rani status stems from the fact that she was a princess, he had sent his sword (khaandaa in Marathi) to represent him at the wedding, to maintain appearances.
Peshwa's service
Holkar lived at a time when it was possible for ambitious people to improve their standing substantially and in 1715 he was serving in forces under the control of Kadam Bande in Khandesh. Adopting the mercenary approach to service that was common at the time, Holkar was a part of the expedition to Delhi organised by Balaji Vishwanath in 1719, fought against the Nizam in the Battle of Balapur of 1720 and served with the Raja of Barwani.
In 1721, having become disillusioned with Bande, Holkar became a soldier in the service of the Peshwa, Bajirao. He became close to him and was soon able to move up the ranks. Participation in the Peshwa's campaign of 1723-24 was followed by a diplomatic role, settling a dispute with the state of Bhopal. Holkar was commanding a force of 500 men in 1725 and in 1727, he received a grant so that he could maintain troops in various areas of Malwa. Successful work during the Battle of Palkhed of 1728, during which he disrupted the supplies and communications of the Mughal armies, further increased his status. The Peshwa improved that as a counter to a perceived threat from less loyal supporters and by 1732, when the Peshwa gave him a large portion of western Malwa, Holkar had command of a cavalry force comprising several thousand men.
War against the Mughal Empire and the Durrani Empire
One of the foremost commanders of the Maratha Empire (1760), he participated in the great victory in the Battle of Delhi (1737), and the defeat of the Nizam in the Battle of Bhopal.He was also part of the campaign that wrested Vasai from the Portuguese in 1739. He received Rampura, Bhanpura and Tonk in 1743, for the assistance given to Madhosingh I of Jaipur in his contest with Ishwari Singh. Granted an Imperial Sardeshmukhi for Chandore, for his gallantry in the Rohilla campaign of 1748. From 1748 onwards, Malharrao Holkar's position in Malwa became firm and secure. Such was his terror that when Ishwrai Singh came to know that Malharrao is coming to arrest him,he committed suicide. However, as an act of chivalry,Malharrao cremated his body as per the Hindu rituals.
He was called as the foster father Najib-ud-Daulah. Malharrao Holkar, Jayappa Shinde, Gangadhar Tatya, Tukojirao Holkar and Khanderao Holkar went to help Safdarjung against Shadulla Khan, Ahmed Khan Bangash, Mohamud Khan and Bahadur Khan Rohilla as per the directions of Peshwa Balaji Bajirao. In the Battle of Fatthegad and Farukhabad, they defeated the Rohillas and Bangash (March 1751-April 1752). When Mughal Emperor came to know that Ahmed Shah Abdali had attacked Punjab in December 1751, he asked Safdarjung to make peace with Rohillas and Bangash. On 12 April 1752, Safdarjung agreed to help Marathas but the Emperor didn't ratify the agreement and instead signed a treaty with Ahmed Shah Abdali on 23 April 1752. At the same time, the Peshwa asked Malharrao Holkar to return to Pune as Salabat Khan had attacked the city.
The Marathas besieged Kumher Fort from 20 January to 18 May 1754. The war continued for about four months. During the war Khanderao Holkar, son of Malhar Rao Holkar, was one day inspecting his army in an open palanquin, when he was fired upon from the fort. The cannonball hit and killed him on 24 March 1754. Malhar Rao was infuriated by the death of his only son and wanted to take revenge. He vowed that he would cut off the head of Maharaja Suraj Mal and throw the soil of fort into Yamuna after destroying it. The Marathas increased pressure and Suraj Mal defended pacifly, but Suraj Mal was isolated as no other ruler was ready to help him. At this moment, Maharaja Suraj Mal was counseled by Maharani Kishori, who assured him not to worry and started diplomatic efforts. She contacted Diwan Roop Ram Katara. She knew that there were differences between Malharrao Holkar and Jayappa Sindhia and that Jayappa Sindhia was very firm in his determinations. She advised Maharaja Suraj Mal to take advantage of mutual differences within Marathas. Diwan Roop Ram Katara was a friend of Jayappa Sindhia. She requested Diwan Roop Ram Katara to take a letter from Maharaja Suraj Mal proposing a treaty. Jayappa Sindhia assured Suraj Mal of assistance and contacted Raghunathrao. Raghunathrao in turn advised Holkar to sign a treaty with Suraj Mal. Malhar Rao Holkar assessed the situation and consented for the treaty due to possibility of isolation. This led to a treaty between both rulers on 18 May 1754. This treaty proved very beneficial for Maharaja Suraj Mal.
Ghazi ud-Din Khan Feroze Jung III, aided by the Marathas led by Malhar Rao Holkar, defeated Safdarjung. At this the Emperor collected a large army and camped at Sikandrabad. On the other hand, the Peshwa's younger brother Raghunathrao, Malhar Rao Holkar and 2,000 Maratha's and their ally Feroze Jung III routed Imperial Mughal Army of the Mughal Emperor Ahmad Shah Bahadur at the First Battle of Sikandarabad (1754). The Emperor left his mother, wives and a retinue of 8,000 women behind and fled to Delhi.
Malharrao Holkar, Raghunathrao, Shamsher Bahadur, Gangadhar Tatya, Sakharambapu, Naroshankar and Maujiram Bania attacked Delhi on 11 August 1757 and defeated Najib-ul-Daula and Ahmed Khan became the Mir Bakshi in his place. In March 1758, they conquered Sarhind. On 20 April 1758, Malharrao Holkar and Raghunathrao attacked and conquered Lahore. Tukojirao Holkar conquered Attock while Sabaji Scindia, Vitthal Shivdev Vinchurkar met them at Peshawar. Raghunathrao and Malharrao Holkar returned from Punjab. He was the most feared Maratha Sardar at that time.
He was raised to the rank of Subedar in 1757.
Malhar Rao Holkar was defeated decisively by the cavalry of the Durrani Empire led by Jahan Khan at the Second Battle of Sikandarabad (1760)
Malharrao didn't help Dattaji Rao Scindia against Ahmed Shah Abdali and remained in Rajputana. Many historians criticize him for not coming to the rescue of the Scindias in the time of a national danger, while some historians speak in favour of his move by claiming that it would have weakened his position in Rajputana. He tried guerrilla warfare after the defeat and death of Dattaji Shinde and achieved some success with his dream of capturing Delhi under his rule coming true. However, due to open plains between the forests in North India, lack of geographical knowledge and lack of support from the locals, he was decisively defeated by the Afghan general Jahan Khan at Rewadi and at the Second Battle of Sikandrabad. With it his dream of conquering Delhi ended.
He participated in the Third Battle of Panipat He along with Raja Surajmal is said to have advised Sadashivrao Bhau,Peshwa's cousin and the de facto commander of the Maratha army to leave all their heavy luggage,civilians and heavy static French made cannons in any of the Maratha forts behind the Chambal river and do the traditional Maratha guerilla warfare against the Afghans until they retreat from India. His advice was refused by Sadashivrao party because he believed in the European modernized form of warfare and partly because Malharrao's guerilla warfare failed against the Afghans. Some sources also state that Sadashivrao's advisors asked him to not pay any heed to Malharrao's advice's as he didn't want Bhau to cross Central India and see how he and other Sardars mishandled the situation.
He organized many raids against the Afghans and showed immense bravely, killing thousands of Durrani and Rohilla soldiers. He retreated from the battlefield of Panipat after seeing the Marathas losing and saved with him thousands of civilians and families of hounarable Sardars. Many called him a coward for it while many argue that he was asked to save Parvatibai and many others by Sadashivrao himself if they are losing. Also if he would have remained in the battlefield,his light cavalry wouldn't be able to do much against the Afghan Zamburaks and Jezails in a pitched battle. The most probable outcome would be a delayed Maratha defeat.
He decisively defeated the Rajputs at the battle of Mangrol and played a pivotal role in the resurrection of the Maratha power in Central India. He also supported his daughter-in-law, Ahilyabai Holkar in laying foundation of her future glorious reign. He also helped Mahadji Scindia alias Shinde in recovering form the debacle at Panipat and helped him in restoring the lost power of the Scindias.
Death and legacy
He died at Alampur on 20 May 1766. His only son Khanderao Holkar had already died in 1754 during the siege of Kumher Fort against the Jat Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur State. After his son Khanderao's death in 1754, Malhar Rao prevented Khanderao Holkar's wife Ahilya Bai Holkar from committing sati. Malhar Rao's grandson and Khanderao's young son Male Rao Holkar became the ruler of Indore in 1766, under the regentship of Ahilyabai, but he too died within few months in 1767. Ahilyabai became the ruler of Indore after the death of her only son with Khanderao. He is considered one of the architects of Maratha control over India.
His daughter-in-law Ahilya Bai Holkar built his samadhi Chhatri, at the spot of his cremation, at Alampur of Lahar in Bhind district of Madhya Pradesh state.
In popular culture
In the 1994 Hindi TV series The Great Maratha, Holkar's character was portrayed by Parikshit Sahni.
In the 2015 Bollywood movie Bajirao Mastani, Malhar Rao Holkar was portrayed by Ganesh Yadav.
In the 2019 Bollywood war drama Panipat, Ravindra Mahajani portrays the role of Malhar Rao Holkar.
In the Hindi-language TV series Peshwa Bajirao, Rushiraj Pawar portrays a young Holkar.
In the Hindi-language TV series Punyashlok Ahilya Bai, Rajesh Shringarpure plays the role of Malhar Rao Holkar.
References
Further reading
Hindustancha Yugpurush Malharrao Holkar By Madhukar Salgare - 2009(Marathi)
Subhedar Thorale Malharrao Holkar Yanche Charitra By M.M. Atre - 1893 (Marathi)
Peshwa Maratha Relations and Malharrao Holkar By N.N. Nagarale 1989 (English)
People of the Maratha Empire
Marathi people
1693 births
1766 deaths
Maharajas of Indore
People from Nandurbar district |
3999408 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony%20No.%2097%20%28Haydn%29 | Symphony No. 97 (Haydn) | The Symphony No. 97 in C major, Hoboken I/97, is the fifth of the twelve London symphonies (numbers 93-104) written by Joseph Haydn. It was completed in 1792 as part of the set of symphonies composed on his first trip to London. It was first performed at the Hanover Square Rooms in London on 3 or 4 May 1792. First published in England, it made its way to the continent a few years later and was used by Ludwig van Beethoven as a model for a symphony in C major he never completed, and by Friedrich Witt for the Jena Symphony.
Movements
The work is in standard four movement form and scored for two flutes, two oboes, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings.
Adagio — Vivace,
Adagio ma non troppo, in F major
Menuetto e Trio. Allegretto,
Finale: Presto assai,
After a slow introduction which deliberately avoids establishing C major, the main theme of the first movement is a fanfare that emphasizes the three notes of the C major triad.
The second subject is a Ländler that makes use of pizzicato in the bass.
The second movement is a set of F major variations with an irregular episode in F minor and a coda. In the variation following the minore episode, Haydn used the unusual sul ponticello marking instructing the violins to play with the bow near the bridge creating a "glassy" or "metallic" sound.
For the final eight bars of the Trio of the minuet, Haydn instructs the concertmaster ("Salomon Solo" in the score) to play an octave above the rest of the first violins. Indeed, this minuet is extraordinary in Haydn's output: all of its repeats are written out because the scoring changes with each repeat.
A typical performance of the symphony lasts about 24 minutes.
References
External links
Symphony 097
1792 compositions
Stefan Zweig Collection
Compositions in C major |
3999414 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fitzherbert%20Marriott | Fitzherbert Marriott | The Venerable Fitzherbert Adams Marriott (27 May 1811 – 19 October 1890) was an English clergyman, the first Archdeacon of Hobart Town in Tasmania.
Marriott was born in the St Giles area of London and educated at Oriel College, Oxford. He was Rector of Cotesbach before travelling to Tasmania. He arrived there in 1843 with Francis Russell Nixon, the first Bishop of Tasmania, on board the Duke of Roxburgh. Marriott was a close friend and supporter of the Bishop in his battles for supremacy with the Governor Sir John Eardley-Wilmot. Marriott married Anne Schaw on 26 September 1848.
References
1811 births
1890 deaths
History of Hobart
Anglican archdeacons in Tasmania
19th-century Australian Anglican priests |
3999419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denbigh%20High%20School%2C%20Luton | Denbigh High School, Luton | Denbigh High School is an academy school in Luton, Bedfordshire, England. Colin Townsend was Headteacher, following Dame Yasmin Bevan's retirement as Executive Principal and Headteacher at the end of 2014. Donna Neely-Hayes, as acting Headteacher, followed Townsend's departure to University of Birmingham School in late 2018.
The school has approximately 1120 students between the ages of 11 and 16 and the school became an academy in 1911 Its partner school, Challney High School for Boys (also within Luton) became a National Teaching School in July 2011 and Denbigh High School is their strategic partner. As their partner and a lead member of the Challenge Partnership Denbigh High School plays a significant role in the training and professional development of teachers, support staff and headteachers from across the UK.
Denbigh High School is also an NCSL Leadership Development School and through this work it helps to develop future leaders. Before becoming an academy, the school was designated a specialist sports college in 2005, and with this came a major upgrade to many of the school's facilities including a new sports hall, dance studio and artificial turf football pitch. Denbigh High School has a wide range of sporting facilities which are also open to the local community in the evening and at weekends.
Denbigh High School won the 'TES Secondary School of the Year Award' in 2009 and became an academy in 2010 as well as becoming a strategic partner of Chiltern Teaching School Alliance, with Challney High School for Boys.
In 2013, Denbigh High School became part of The Chiltern Learning Trust which is a multi-academy trust comprising Denbigh High School, Challney High School for Boys and Dallow Primary School. The Trust is led by a Board of Trustees which consists of representatives from all three schools with Adrian Rogers as Chief Executive. Each school also has its own local governing body.
Denbigh High is to not be confused with the Denbigh High School, in Wales.
Demographics
As of circa 2012, 76% of Denbigh students identified as being Bangladeshi British and/or Pakistani British, and 79% of the students were Muslim.
Academic performance
Circa 2012 Anastasia Vakulenko, the author of Islamic Veiling in Legal Discourse, wrote that Denbigh High "was considered to be a multicultural success story, as it had transformed from an underachieving school into one of the best in the region within years."
Dress code
Denbigh High consulted mosques in developing its uniform policy. Girls who are Muslim, Sikh, and Hindu may wear salwar kameez, and since 1993 the school has permitted girls to wear Islamic headscarves (hijab) after it received requests to do so. The salwar kameez at Denbigh High is worn with elements of traditional British school uniforms. Vakulenko wrote that the press and judges had praised the uniform policy, believing it to be "inclusive" and "thoughtful", and that the policy "was believed to satisfy most pupils and their parents".
There was a lawsuit over "excluding" a student (whether or not exclusion, as defined by educational guidelines, had occurred was a matter of debate in the House of Lords' decisions), Shabina Begum, who refused to wear the school uniform, instead opting for jilbab, an Islamic dress that is different from the salwar kameez. The House of Lords eventually ruled in the school's favour.
References
External links
Official website
Academies in Luton
Secondary schools in Luton
Specialist sports colleges in England |
3999425 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inferno%20%281980%20film%29 | Inferno (1980 film) | Inferno is a 1980 Italian supernatural horror film written and directed by Dario Argento, and starring Irene Miracle, Leigh McCloskey, Eleonora Giorgi, Daria Nicolodi and Alida Valli. The plot follows a young man's investigation into the disappearance of his sister, who had been living in a New York City apartment building that also served as a home for a powerful, centuries-old witch. The cinematography was by Romano Albani, and Keith Emerson composed the film's musical score.
A thematic sequel to Suspiria (1977), the film is the second installment of Argento's Three Mothers trilogy, though it is the first in the trilogy to explore the idea of the Three Mothers. The long-delayed concluding entry, The Mother of Tears, was released in 2007. All three films are partially derived from Thomas de Quincey's 1845 work Suspiria de Profundis, a collection of prose poetry in which he proposes the concept of three "Ladies of Sorrow" (Mater Lachrymarum, Mater Suspiriorum and Mater Tenebrarum), concurrent with the three Fates and Graces in Greek mythology.
Unlike Suspiria, Inferno received a very limited theatrical release, thus unable to match the box office success of its predecessor. While initial critical response was mostly negative, its reputation has improved considerably over the years. Kim Newman has called it "perhaps the most underrated horror movie of the 1980s." In 2005, the magazine Total Film named Inferno one of the 50 greatest horror films of all time.
Plot
Rose Elliot, a poet living alone in New York City's Upper West Side, purchases a book from an antiques dealer, titled The Three Mothers. The book, written by an alchemist named Varelli, tells of three evil sisters who rule the world with sorrow, tears, and darkness, and dwell inside separate homes that had been built for them by the alchemist. Mater Suspiriorum, the Mother of Sighs, lives in Freiburg. Mater Lachrymarum, the Mother of Tears, lives in Rome, and Mater Tenebrarum, the Mother of Darkness, lives in New York. Rose suspects that she is living in Mater Tenebrarum's building, and writes to her brother Mark, a music student in Rome, urging him to visit her. Using the clues provided in the book, Rose searches the cellar of her building and discovers a hole in the floor which leads to a water-filled ballroom. She accidentally drops her keys and enters the water to find them. After she reclaims the keys, a putrid corpse rises from the depths, frightening her. Rose manages to swim out and flee.
In Rome, Mark attempts to read Rose's letter during class. He is distracted by the intense gaze of a beautiful student, who leaves suddenly; Mark follows, leaving the letter behind. His friend Sara picks up the letter, and later reads it. Horrified by the letter's contents, she takes a taxi to a library and finds a copy of The Three Mothers. Trying to find her way out, Sara becomes lost in the library basement and finds a room filled with boiling cauldrons. Sara is attacked there by a monstrous figure who recognizes the book. She throws the book to the ground and escapes.
Returning to her home, she phones Mark telling him to come and asks a neighbour, Carlo, to keep her company. The lights go out and both Sara and Carlo are stabbed to death by a gloved killer. Mark discovers the bodies and two torn fragments from Rose's letter. After the police arrive, he walks out of Sara's apartment and sees a taxi slowly driving by. In the back seat of the vehicle is the music student, staring at him intently. Mark telephones Rose and promises to visit, but the phone call is cut short. Rose sees two shadowy figures preparing to enter her apartment. She leaves through a back door, but is followed. Running into a decrepit laboratory, she is grabbed by a clawed assailant and guillotined with the glass of a broken window.
Arriving in New York, Mark goes straight to Rose's building, where he meets Carol, the concierge, and some of the residents, including a nurse who cares for elderly Professor Arnold, a wheelchair user who cannot speak. Mark encounters the sickly Countess Elise De Longvalle Adler, who tells him that Rose has disappeared. After the two find blood on the carpet outside Rose's room, Mark follows the stains. Inhaling a strange odour, he becomes ill and falls unconscious. Elise sees a black-robed figure dragging Mark away, but the figure stops and gives chase to Elise. The figure eventually finds her swarmed with rabid cats in a room and stabs her to death. Mark staggers to the apartment building's lobby where Carol and the nurse put him to bed.
The following morning, Mark asks Kazanian, the antique dealer who sold Rose The Three Mothers, about his sister's whereabouts. However, the man provides no information. That night, Kazanian drowns several cats in a Central Park pond and falls into the water. Hundreds of rats from a nearby drain crawl over him, gnawing his flesh. A hot dog vendor hears Kazanian's cries for help and rushes over, but proceeds to kill him with a knife.
More strange deaths occur in the building, when Carol and Elise's butler, John, plots to take advantage of the Countess' death by stealing her valuables. A shocked Carol finds John's corpse in Elise's apartment, and drops a lit candle which starts a fire. Attempting to put out the flames, she becomes entangled in burning draperies and falls from a window to her death.
Mark uses the final clue from Rose's letter to discover that beneath each floor is a secret crawl space. He follows hidden passages to a suite of rooms where he finds Professor Arnold who reveals, via an electronic voice generator, that he is in fact Varelli. He tries to kill Mark with a hypodermic injection. During the struggle, Varelli's neck is caught in his vocal apparatus, choking him. Mark frees him, only to be told that he is still being watched as Varelli dies. Mark follows a shadowy figure to a lavishly furnished chamber, where he finds Varelli's nurse. Laughing maniacally, she reveals to him that she is Mater Tenebrarum. She vanishes, but re-emerges through a mirror as Death personified. However, the fire that has consumed much of the building enables Mark to escape from the witch's den. Debris crashes down on the fiend, destroying her.
Cast
Production
In 1977, Suspiria had been an unexpectedly big box office hit for 20th Century Fox, released in the U.S. under their "International Classics" banner. Capitalizing on the commercial success of the film, Argento and Daria Nicolodi, who had co-written the screenplay, announced that Suspiria was only the first of a proposed trilogy which they referred to as "The Three Mothers" trilogy. The basic concept of all three films is derived from Thomas de Quincey's Suspiria de Profundis, a sequel to his Confessions of an English Opium-Eater. A prose poem of the book entitled "Levana and Our Ladies of Sorrow", details how, just as there are three Fates and three Graces, there are also three Sorrows: Mater Lachrymarum (The Lady of Tears), Mater Suspiriorum (The Lady of Sighs) and Mater Tenebrarum (The Lady of Darkness). As the title suggests, Suspiria focused on Mater Suspiriorum; the evil sister featured in Inferno is Mater Tenebrarum. The concluding chapter of Argento's trilogy, The Mother of Tears (2007), is about Mater Lachrymarum.
When Argento proposed Inferno as his follow-up to Suspiria, 20th Century Fox agreed to co-finance the production. The film was budgeted at USD $3,000,000, and producer Claudio Argento secured additional co-production money from Italian and German consortia.
Nicolodi devised the original story concept but received no on-screen credit for her work on the screenplay. Nicolodi explained that she did not seek credit because "having fought so hard to see my humble but excellent work in Suspiria recognized (up until a few days before the première I didn't know if I would see my name in the film credits), I didn't want to live through that again, so I said, 'Do as you please, in any case, the story will talk for me because I wrote it.'" Working from Nicolodi's original story notes, Argento wrote the screenplay while staying in a New York hotel room with a view of Central Park.
Filming
The filming of Inferno took place mainly on interior studio sets in Rome, but a short amount of time was also set aside for location shooting in New York, including Central Park. Sacha Pitoëff's death scene was filmed on location in Central Park during the summer of 1979. William Lustig, who was credited as the film's Production Coordinator, recalled:
During the film's production, Argento became stricken with a severe case of hepatitis---and had to direct some sequences while lying on his back. At one point, the illness became so painful that he was bedridden for a few days; filming was then restricted to second unit work, some of which was done by Mario Bava. Argento has called Inferno one of his least favorite of all his films, as his memories of the movie are tainted by his recollection of the painful illness he suffered.
Design and effects
Argento invited his mentor, Mario Bava, to provide some of the optical effects, matte paintings and trick shots for the film. Some of the cityscape views seen in Inferno were actually tabletop skyscrapers built by Bava out of milk cartons covered with photographs. The apartment building that Rose lived in was in fact only a partial set built in the studio—it was a few floors high and had to be visually augmented with a small sculpture constructed by Bava. This sculpture was set aflame toward the end of production and served as the burning building seen in the climax.
Bava also provided some second unit direction for the production. Maitland McDonagh has suggested that Bava had his hand in the celebrated watery ballroom scene, but that sequence was shot in a water tank by Gianlorenzo Battaglia, without any optical effects work at all. Bava's son, Lamberto Bava, was the film's assistant director.
The film's fiery final sequence was shot without a stunt performer filling in for Leigh McCloskey. After the production's principal photography had been completed, the film's producer, Claudio Argento, asked if McCloskey would be willing to perform the stuntwork himself, as the stuntman hired for the job had broken his leg. The producer assured the actor: "It'll be absolutely safe". The actor agreed, and when he walked onto the set the following day he observed "three rows of plexiglass in front of everything and everyone is wearing hard hats. I'm the only guy standing on the other side of this!... Needless to say, I did it all on instinct... I still feel that blast of the door blowing by me. When they tell you in words, its one thing, but when you feel that glass go flying past you with a sound like a Harrier jet, you never forget it!"
Music
Dario Argento chose progressive rocker Keith Emerson to compose Infernos soundtrack because he "wanted a different sort of score [from that by Italian prog group Goblin on Suspiria], a more delicate one".
Argento prominently featured a selection from Giuseppe Verdi's Nabucco throughout Inferno, the Chorus of the Hebrew Slaves ("Va, pensiero, sull'ali dorate"), an operatic chestnut, from scene two of the opera's third act. In two instances, a recording of the Sinphonic [sic] Orchestra and Chorus of Rome was used. Argento also tasked Emerson with including the piece in his soundtrack. He re-orchestrated "Va, pensiero..." in five-four time to mimic a "fast and bumpy" taxi ride through Rome. When Argento reviewed Emerson's progress he did not initially recognize the remix, but was later pleased to discover it was used for Sara's taxi ride.
A soundtrack album was originally released as an LP in 1980 on Atlantic Records (K 50753), and by the Cinevox label in 1981. In 2000, Cinevox released an expanded version of the album on CD. In 2018, Waxwork Records released the complete soundtrack on a double LP.
Emerson's music met with a mixed response from critics, some of whom compared it unfavorably to Goblin's score for Suspiria. Time Outs Scott Meek noted that "Argento's own over-the-top score [for Suspiria] has been replaced by religioso thunderings from the keyboards of Keith Emerson". A review of the 2000 Cinevox CD by AllMusic notes, "The keyboard selections are rather unremarkable, except for the finale, "Cigarettes, Ice, Etc.", on which Emerson uses his full keyboard arsenal to excellent effect."
Release
Inferno was distributed in Italy by 20th Century Fox on February 8, 1980. The film grossed a total of 1,331,763,000 Italian lire domestically (around $1.6 million at the time). The film had initially promising box office with the films premier in Rome had 500 tickets returned as the venue was packed with audiences even sitting on the floor of the theatre. Overall the film was the 14th highest grossing film in Italy in 1980 and eighth among the highest grossing films of the year.
For reasons never specified, Fox did not commit to a wide theatrical release of Inferno in the United States. In an interview with Maitland McDonagh, Argento speculated that Fox's decision was made due to an abrupt change in management at the studio that left Inferno and several dozen other films in limbo as a result of them having been greenlighted by the previous management. The movie sat on the shelf for five years and was released straight to VHS in 1985 via the studio's Key Video subsidiary. The following year, it had a belated theatrical release by Fox, playing for a one-week engagement in a New York City movie theatre. Worldwide, the film only had a very abbreviated and minimal theatrical release. As noted by Argento, "I think anybody outside of Italy was lucky to see Inferno." Consequently, Inferno was not a commercial success.
Reception
Initial critical response was fairly muted. Several reviewers expressed disappointment, comparing the film unfavorably to the much more bombastic Suspiria. In a review that was later reprinted in McDonagh's critically acclaimed Broken Mirrors/Broken Minds: The Dark Dreams of Dario Argento (1994), Variety said Inferno was a "lavish, no-holds-barred witch story whose lack of both logic and technical skill are submerged in the sheer energy of the telling", then complained that the film "fails mainly because it lacks restraint in setting up the terrifying moment, using close-ups and fancy camera angles gratuitously and with no relevance to the story." Reviewing the film during its brief theatrical release in 1986, Nina Darnton of The New York Times noted, "The movie's distinguishing feature is not the number or variety of horrible murders, but the length of time it takes for the victims to die. This is a technique that may have been borrowed from Italian opera, but without the music, it loses some of its panache. The film... is shot in vivid colors, at some striking angles, and the background music is Verdi rather than heavy metal. But the script and acting are largely routine." However, Cinefantastique described the film as "the stuff of all our worst dreams and nightmares and a tour de force from Italian director Dario Argento... Inferno brings his personal redefinition of the genre close to perfection."
Inferno continues to have a mixed critical reputation. The film has a 64% favorable rating on film review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews. Metacritic assigned the film a score of 69 out of 100 based on 8 critic reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews". Leonard Maltin's Movie Guide gave the film two and a half stars and opined it was a "surreal, hypnotic shocker... short on sense, but long on style." But several critics have praised the film. Upon its initial release on videotape, Tim Lucas in The Video Watchdog Book said, "The movie is terrific, much more exciting than most contemporary horror video releases..." Kim Newman, in The Penguin Encyclopedia of Horror and the Supernatural, noted that Inferno was "a dazzling series of set pieces designed to give the impression that the real world is terrifying, beautiful, erotic and dangerous... Inferno is a masterpiece of absolute film, and perhaps the most underrated horror movie of the 1980s." In 2013, Time Out compiled a list of the 100 greatest horror films ever made based on the top ten lists of over one hundred film directors, screenwriters, and critics, and Inferno was listed as No.92; in the resulting critical commentary for the film, Nigel Floyd wrote, "Horror cinema at its most baroque: a simple libretto is embroidered with elaborate, flowing camera movements, abstract blocks of colour, unsettling sound effects and soundtrack composer Keith Emerson’s thunderous rock variations on Verdi... Argento’s best work is far behind him, but this alone justifies his cult reputation."
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
1980 films
1980 horror films
1980s supernatural horror films
Films about witchcraft
Films directed by Dario Argento
Films scored by Keith Emerson
Films set in apartment buildings
Films set in Manhattan
Films set in Rome
Films shot in New York City
Films shot in Rome
Films with screenplays by Dario Argento
Italian films
Italian sequel films
Italian supernatural horror films
1980s Italian-language films |
3999427 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benut | Benut | Benut is a mukim in Pontian District, Johor, Malaysia.
Geography
The mukim spans over an area of 140 km2.
Demographics
Benut has a population of 15,389 people.
Education
Primary school
Sekolah Kebangsaan Sri Benut
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Sinaran
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Setia
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Senang Hati
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Semangat
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Kembar
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Jaya
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Bahagia
Sekolah Kebangsaan Seri Al Ulum
Sekolah Kebangsaan Parit Markom
Sekolah Kebangsaan seri Bugis Benut
Sekolah Kebangsaan Benut
Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Lok Yu(2)
Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Lok Yu 6
Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Lok Yu 4
Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Lok Yu 3
Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Lok Yu 1
Sekolah Jenis Kebangsaan (Cina) Lok York
Secondary school
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sri Tanjung
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Parit Betak
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Benut
sekolah Menengah Agama Arab An-Nur
Transportation
The mukim is served by TransJohor public buses linking to Pontian Kechil.
References
Mukims of Pontian District |
5392441 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Cook%20%28footballer%29 | Paul Cook (footballer) | Paul Anthony Cook (born 22 February 1967) is an English professional football manager and former player who is currently manager of side Chesterfield.
Cook played as a central midfielder during a playing career that spanned 23 years from 1983 until 2006, notably playing in the Premier League for Coventry City. He also played in the Football League for Wigan Athletic, Norwich City, Wolverhampton Wanderers, Tranmere Rovers, Stockport County and Burnley.
Cook moved into management in 2006 with Southport and later moved on to Irish side Sligo Rovers in 2007. In February 2012, he returned to English management with Accrington Stanley before moving to Chesterfield in October 2012. Cook guided Chesterfield to the League Two title in the 2013/14 season. In May 2015, he was appointed manager of League Two outfit Portsmouth after a release clause was met in his Chesterfield contract. Cook led Portsmouth to the League Two title in the 2017/18 season.
In May 2017, he was appointed manager of League One club Wigan Athletic. Cook led Wigan to the League One title and promotion into the Championship. After the club fell into administration, Wigan were subsequently relegated from the Championship in the 2019/20 season following a 12-point deduction. Cook subsequently resigned as Wigan manager in July 2020.
Following his departure from Wigan Athletic, Cook remained unemployed until March 2021 where he was appointed as the manager of Ipswich Town on a contract until 2023. However, Cook was relieved of his duties at Ipswich in early December 2021. Cook returned to Chesterfield as manager in February 2022.
Playing career
Born in Kirkby, Cook began his career in 1983 at local non-league side Marine but made no appearances. In 1984, Cook was signed by Wigan Athletic, where he featured in 83 league games in a four-year spell. Cook then had a brief and unsuccessful spell at Norwich City before moving to the Midlands to sign for Wolverhampton Wanderers for £250,000.
He was a very popular player during his time at Wolves, both with the fans and his teammates and became known for his deadly and accurate left foot. After 193 league appearances for Wolves over five seasons in the second tier, Cook left to sign for Premier League side Coventry City.
Cook played the majority of his games at Coventry in his first season (1994/95) but fell out of favour during the following campaign, where he made only three appearances. In February 1996, Cook was sold to Tranmere Rovers for £250,000.
Whilst at Tranmere, he became a key member of the side, playing 60 league games in just eighteen months. In October 1997, Tranmere accepted a bid of £250,000 from Stockport County and regained the fee initially paid for Cook. After twelve months at County, Cook began to be regarded as 'too old', despite only being 32. This led to Cook making a loan move to Burnley before making the move permanent in July 1999.
After a falling out with Burnley manager Stan Ternent, Cook went on loan to his former club Wigan Athletic, but made just six appearances before he was re-called to again take his place in the starting line up at Turf Moor. Cook left Burnley at the end of the 2002/03 season, alongside teammate Andy Payton. The two players received a standing ovation from the fans for their contributions to the club.
Cook signed for non-league side Accrington Stanley and went on to become a first team regular in their push for promotion to the Football League. This target was finally achieved in the 2005/06 season when Stanley were crowned as Champions of the Conference. After achieving this aim, Cook retired after 643 league appearances for nine different clubs.
After the end of the 2005/06 season, Cook was granted a testimonial by Accrington as a sign of appreciation for his efforts. The testimonial was played on 2 May 2006 at the Interlink Express (now the Wham) Stadium; Accrington against a Burnley Select XI featuring old teammates Dean West, Lenny Johnrose, Ian Cox, Kevin Ball and Cook's son Liam.
Management career
Southport
Cook was appointed manager of Conference side Southport on 13 June 2006, a post he was sacked from in January 2007 following defeat at Northwich Victoria.
Sligo Rovers
On 27 April 2007, Cook was appointed manager of Sligo Rovers taking over from Rob McDonald, who resigned before the start of the season. During Cook's unveiling, he stated that he was from Liverpool and that he will not have anything to do with any journalist from the Irish Sun, (due to the articles printed about Liverpool supporters during the Hillsborough disaster). He guided Sligo to a 6th place league finish in his first season in charge. Cook's second season saw him guide Sligo to fourth in the league and thus secure a UEFA Cup place.
Cook departed in January 2009 by mutual consent, but soon returned to Sligo a few weeks later after his initial departure.
In his third season, under severe financial constraints, Cook guided Sligo to sixth place. In addition, Cook guided Sligo to the final of the FAI Cup which took place on 22 November 2009. Sligo lost 2–1 to Sporting Fingal despite holding a one-goal lead with seven minutes remaining.
Cook's first piece of silverware as Sligo manager came in September 2010, after a 1–0 win over Monaghan United in the final of the League Cup. In November 2010, he guided Sligo Rovers to win the 2010 FAI Cup Final after beating Shamrock Rovers 2–0 on penalties. The 2010 League of Ireland season saw Cook guide Sligo to a 3rd place league finish.
In November 2011, Cook won a successive FAI Cup following a 4–1 penalty shootout win against Shelbourne. Cook also guided Sligo to 2nd place in the League of Ireland in his final season in charge.
Accrington Stanley
Following his success in Ireland, Cook was appointed manager of Accrington Stanley on 13 February 2012. He led the team to finish 14th in League Two at the end of the 2011/12 season and continued to manage the side for the opening months of the following campaign.
Chesterfield
On 25 October 2012, Cook joined League Two rivals Chesterfield on a two-and-a-half-year contract, taking over from Tommy Wright, who had been in charge of the Derbyshire club on a caretaker basis following the departure of John Sheridan. The end of his first season saw Cook guide Chesterfield to eighth position finishing just two points outside the play-off zone.
The following season saw Cook guide Chesterfield to the 2013/14 League Two title.
The following campaign saw Chesterfield finish 6th in League One and the play-offs before losing to eventual play-off winners Preston North End.
Portsmouth
On 12 May 2015, Cook was appointed manager of League Two club Portsmouth after Portsmouth met Cook's release clause in his contract at Chesterfield. Cook guided Portsmouth to the League Two title in the 2016/17 season.
Wigan Athletic
On 31 May 2017, Cook was appointed manager of newly relegated League One club Wigan Athletic on a three-year contract, after a compensation package was agreed with Portsmouth. He led Wigan to the League One title and on an impressive FA Cup run that claimed three shocks against top flight opponents West Ham United, AFC Bournemouth and Manchester City. Cook resigned as Wigan manager on 29 July 2020, following the club's relegation from the Championship due to a 12-point deduction after the Latics entered administration.
Ipswich Town
On 2 March 2021, Cook was appointed manager of Ipswich Town on a contract until 2023. Cook's first match in charge was a 3–1 defeat away at Gillingham. His first victory as Ipswich manager came in his third game in charge, a 1–0 home win over Plymouth Argyle. On 7 April 2021, Ipswich Town was taken over by US investment group Gamechanger 20 Limited, with the club confirming that Cook would remain as manager under the new ownership. Ipswich finished 9th in League One at the end of the 2020/21 season.
Ahead of the 2021/22 season, Cook oversaw a major turnover in both the playing squad and coaching staff, backed by the club's new US owners. Over a dozen first team players from the previous season departed with 19 new players joining. The players that departed included longtime club captain Luke Chambers, first team regulars such as Flynn Downes, Andre Dozzell, Gwion Edwards, Alan Judge, Emyr Huws and Teddy Bishop, and 2020/21 player of the season James Wilson. Despite these changes and many tipping the club for promotion, Ipswich made a poor start to the season, taking only two wins in their opening 10 matches. On 4 December 2021, with the team sat in 11th and 7 points adrift of the playoffs, Cook was sacked by the club. Having been in charge for just over 9 months, Cook is the second shortest serving manager in the club's history. Cook argued that he deserved more time in an interview a month after his dismissal, stating "If the new ownership had sat down and said to me at the start that if we didn't have instant success then [I would] be gone, then I wouldn't have stayed. That's my only regret."
Return to Chesterfield
On 10 February 2022, Cook was appointed manager of Chesterfield, returning to the National League club seven years after leaving.
Media career
Cook has appeared on RTÉ coverage of League of Ireland matches.
Career statistics
Playing statistics
Source:
Managerial statistics
Honours
Player
Burnley
Football League Second Division runner-up: 1999/2000
Accrington Stanley
Conference National: 2005/06
Individual
Wolverhampton Wanderers Player of the Year: 1992/93
Manager
Sligo Rovers
FAI Cup runner-up: 2009
FAI Cup: 2010, 2011
League of Ireland Cup: 2010
Chesterfield
EFL League Two: 2013/14
Football League Trophy runner-up: 2013/14
Portsmouth
EFL League Two: 2016/17
Wigan Athletic
EFL League One: 2017/18
Individual
EFL League Two Manager of the Month: August 2013, April 2017
LMA League Two Manager of the Year: 2017
EFL League One Manager of the Month: October 2017, March 2018, April 2018
References
External links
Paul Cook profile at the Ipswich Town F.C. website
1967 births
Living people
Footballers from Liverpool
English footballers
Association football midfielders
Marine F.C. players
Wigan Athletic F.C. players
Norwich City F.C. players
Wolverhampton Wanderers F.C. players
Coventry City F.C. players
Tranmere Rovers F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Accrington Stanley F.C. players
English Football League players
Premier League players
National League (English football) players
English football managers
Southport F.C. managers
Sligo Rovers F.C. managers
Accrington Stanley F.C. managers
Chesterfield F.C. managers
Portsmouth F.C. managers
Wigan Athletic F.C. managers
Ipswich Town F.C. managers
National League (English football) managers
League of Ireland managers
English Football League managers |
5392442 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kemp%20%28song%29 | Kemp (song) | "Kemp" is a song by the Swedish punk rock band Millencolin from the album Home from Home. It was released as a single on 18 February 2002, by Burning Heart Records, including two B-sides from the album's recording sessions, "The Downhill Walk" and "Absolute Zero". An accompanying music video for "Kemp" was also filmed and released.
"Kemp" originated as a B-side from the band's previous album Pennybridge Pioneers. This version had been released on their previous single "Fox" in 2000, and the song was rewritten with new lyrics for Home from Home.
Track listing
CD single
"Kemp"
"The Downhill Walk"
"Absolute Zero"
7" vinyl
Side A:
"Kemp"
Side B:
"The Downhill Walk"
"Absolute Zero"
Personnel
Millencolin
Nikola Sarcevic - lead vocals, bass
Erik Ohlsson - guitar
Mathias Färm - guitar
Fredrik Larzon - drums
Millencolin songs
2002 singles
Burning Heart Records singles
2002 songs
Songs written by Mathias Färm
Songs written by Nikola Šarčević
Songs written by Fredrik Larzon
Songs written by Erik Ohlsson (musician) |
3999434 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symphony%20No.%2099%20%28Haydn%29 | Symphony No. 99 (Haydn) | The Symphony No. 99 in E major, Hoboken I/99, is the seventh of the twelve London symphonies (numbers 93–104) written by Joseph Haydn. The symphony was written in 1793 in Vienna in anticipation for his second trip to London. The work was premiered on 10 February 1794 at the Hanover Square Rooms in London, with Haydn directing the orchestra seated at a fortepiano. This concert series featuring Haydn's compositions was organized by his colleague and friend Johann Peter Salomon.
Instrumentation
The work is scored for two flutes, two oboes, two clarinets, two bassoons, two horns, two trumpets, timpani and strings.
It is the first of Haydn's symphonies to be scored for clarinets.
Movements
Adagio, — Vivace assai,
Adagio,
Menuetto e Trio. Allegretto,
Finale: Vivace,
The introduction to the first movement contains a lot of tonal complexity in its fourteen measures. After the typical tonic-to-dominant opening, he prepares two successive minor-mode keys (E minor and C minor) before the introduction comes to a halt with a fermata on a G major chord (the dominant of C minor). The winds then play a single soft chord (dominant seventh) of E which resolves immediately to the opening theme of the Vivace assai.
The movement proceeds in sonata form with considerable breadth. After exploring the opening theme, there is an extended transitional section. When the dominant key of B major is reached we hear not a new theme but the opening theme again transposed implying this may be a monothematic exposition. A true second theme played by the violins and a solo clarinet finally does appear twenty-three measures later before the exposition rapidly comes to close. The development starts with two false starts of the opening theme in G major before the second theme is developed in a variety of keys. The recapitulation is greatly condensed with much of the transitional movement music removed and second theme appearing much sooner. The movement coda features the first theme over a tonic pedal played by first bassoon and second horn.
The Adagio is similar to the slow movement of the 98th symphony in that features a hymn-like theme in triple meter. It is a sonata-form movement in G major featuring rich orchestration. The opening theme features the winds echoing the strings. The transitional music that follows is written for winds only. The second theme in D major features doubled sonority. The development features two large climaxes where the trumpets and timpani enter. In the recapitulation, the transitional music previously heard in the winds is re-orchestrated for only strings. The second theme is restated twice and a smaller climax brings the movement to a close.
The Minuet is in the key of E major with a trio in the distant key of C major.
The finale is an example of the Sonata rondo form that Haydn frequently used in his later symphonic works.
Notes
External links
Symphony 099
1793 compositions
Compositions in E-flat major |
3999440 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietro%20Alagona | Pietro Alagona | Pietro Alagona (1549 – 19 October 1624) was a Catholic theologian.
Alagona was born in Syracuse. He entered the Society of Jesus in 1564, taught philosophy and theology, and was Rector of Trapani. He died in Rome.
His first works were published under the family name of his mother, Givarra. Later on he used his own name, Alagona, and is best known for his Compendium of the works of Martin Aspilcueta, who was a doctor of theology in Navarre. This Martin Aspilcueta was the uncle of St. Francis Xavier. The Enchiridion, seu Manuale Confessariorum, which was compiled by Alagona, went through at least twenty-three editions. A translation of it into French by Legard, was condemned by the Parliament of Rouen, 12 February 1762. He also published a compendium of the "Summa", which ran through twenty-five editions, and a compendium of the whole of Canon Law in two volumes, quarto. In the Jesuit College of Palermo there is also found a treatise by Alagona on Logic and Physics.
References
External links
Pietro Alagona in The Historical Archives of the Pontifical Gregorian University
17th-century Italian Jesuits
16th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians
1549 births
1624 deaths
Philosophy teachers
16th-century Italian Jesuits
People from Syracuse, Sicily
17th-century Italian Roman Catholic theologians |
5392443 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michigan%20Shipwreck%20Research%20Association | Michigan Shipwreck Research Association | Michigan Shipwreck Research Association (MSRA) is an American non-profit corporation based in Holland, Michigan. Formed in 2001 by the former directors of the committee which originally established the Southwest Michigan Underwater Preserve, their stated purpose is to "Preserve Michigan’s Submerged Maritime History." With the discovery of the steamer H. C. Akeley outside the boundaries of the preserve, the group broadened their area of focus and formed MSRA.
MSRA works with a number of affiliates, including the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the Great Lakes Environmental Research Laboratory, the United States Coast Guard, the University of Michigan, and the Michigan State Police. Other affiliates include authors, archaeologists, oceanographers, marine engineers, historians, and explorers. MSRA has conducted joint operations with David Trotter's Undersea Research Associates (URA) and Clive Cussler's National Underwater and Marine Agency (NUMA).
Founding and current board members include: Craig Rich, Valerie (Olson) van Heest, Jack van Heest, and Neel Zoss. Rich and the van Heests serve as part of the MSRA Dive Team. The technical dive team consists of Jeff Vos, Todd White, and Bob Underhill. They also do the majority of the underwater photography and videography.
Activities
Until 1998 when MSRA began regular side-scan survey work, the waters off the coast of West Michigan were some of the least explored in the Great Lakes. Up until that time there were only a few wreck locations known and regularly dived, including the Ironsides off Grand Haven, Michigan, and the Havana off Benton Harbor, Michigan, as well as a scuttled fireboat off Saugatuck, Michigan.
The waters off West Michigan are not sheltered with harbors like so many other areas in Michigan. Prevailing west and northwest winds have scoured out the bottom, creating one of the deepest areas in the lake. While just across the lake, off Chicago and Milwaukee, the water is as shallow as 100 feet ten miles offshore, the Michigan side drops off to that depth only three miles from shore. This condition may be the limiting factor in shipwreck discoveries. Discoveries are usually made by scuba divers interested in diving on virgin wrecks. Until recent advances in technical diving, which now allow divers to go deeper for longer, shipwreck hunters paid very little attention to the region off West Michigan due to its excessive depth.
Shipwreck discovery offers the opportunity to revisit the circumstances of the wreck and delve deeper into the history surrounding these tragedies. Careful study of the sunken remains offers insights into the cause of the sinking and can help write the final chapter of stories in which there were no survivors. The excitement of a discovery instills new interest into the history of the ship, the people associated with it and the times in which it sailed.
MSRA began conducting annual 10-day shipwreck search expeditions in 1998 during the spring months when conditions on the lake are best for side-scan survey operations. From that time until 2018, the organization utilized the services of shipwreck hunter and side scan sonar operator David Trotter. Additionally, from 2004 until 2017, the MSRA partnered with author and explorer Clive Cussler of the nonprofit National Underwater Marine Agency and his side scan survey expert Ralph Wilbanks and his associate Steve Howard to conduct an additional expedition each year in search of the lost Northwest Airlines DC-4 Flight 2501. In 2018 the MSRA acquired its own sonar through donations from its members and supporters. Since 1998, the team has jointly covered over 800 square miles of bottomlands off West Michigan.
During the winter of 2011-2012, MSRA took advantage of cyclically low Great Lakes water levels and surveyed the hulks of a half dozen shipwrecks in the Grand River near Harbor Island at Grand Haven. The group identified the L.L. Barth and the largest of them as the Aurora.
In 2011, MSRA conducted an extensive archaeological survey of the wreck of the Thomas Hume located far off New Buffalo, Michigan, in Illinois waters. The work resulted in a book, museum exhibit, and public event.
MSRA surveyed in 2015 the three freighters that sank in the Armistice Day Storm of 1940, the William B. Davock, Novadoc, and Anna C. Minch.
MSRA surveyed a wreck that became exposed at the White Lake Channel mouth in Muskegon in December 2019, and identified it as the schooner Contest.
Since 1998, MSRA has hosted an annual film festival called Mysteries and Histories Beneath the Inland Seas in the spring in Holland, Michigan. 2018 marked its 20th annual event.
MSRA served as a curatorial partner to exhibit designers Lafferty van Heest and Associates to supply research and images to the Michigan Maritime Museum to develop exhibit “Mysteries Beneath the Waves: Wrecks of the Sunset Coast.” That exhibit has moved to the Port of Ludington Maritime Museum in 2017.
MSRA served as a curatorial partner to exhibit designers Lafferty van Heest and Associates to supply research and images to the Michigan Maritime Museum to develop exhibit. That exhibit has moved to the Yankee Air Museum in 2020.
Discoveries
H. C. Akeley, cargo steam ship. Lost in 1883. Discovered 2001, off Saugatuck, Michigan.
Steel barge, that appears to have been scuttled. Discovered 2004, off Holland, Michigan. (named Trotter’s Barge after David Trotter, whose side scan services were retained by MSRA at the time of the discovery).
Ann Arbor No. 5. Railroad carferry turned barge. Discovered in 2005 in collaboration with NUMA, off South Haven, Michigan.
Michigan, Passenger steam ship. Lost 1885. Found 2005.
Chris Craft, 25-foot. Appears to have been scuttled. Discovered 2005 in collaboration with NUMA.
Hennepin, the first self-unloader in the World. Lost due to leaking August 1927. Discovered 2006.
Steel Barge. Appears to have been scuttled. Discovered in 2006 off Port Sheldon, Michigan. Called Potters Barge by MSRA after the fishermen who first saw target on their bottom finder.
Hamilton, Schooner. Lost in storm November 1873. Discovered 2007 off Saugatuck, Michigan.
Joseph P. Farnan, steam barge. Lost to fire 1889. Discovered in 2008 in collaboration with NUMA, off South Haven, Michigan.
A.P. Dutton, schooner. Lost in storm in 1868. Discovered in 2008 in collaboration with NUMA, off South Haven, Michigan.
Hattie Wells, Steam barge. Lost in a storm 1912. Discovered in 2009 in collaboration with NUMA, off South Haven, Michigan.
William Tell, schooner, burned and sank 1869. Discovered 2009 in collaboration with NUMA, off South Haven, Michigan.
Small steel barge, vandalized and sunk in 1970s. Discovered in 2009 in collaboration with NUMA, off South Haven, Michigan.
Schooner, 100-feet-long, unidentified, possibly St. Peter. Discovered in 2011 off Grand Haven, Michigan.
Sloop, 45-feet long, Unidentified, possibly New Buffalo. Discovered in 2011, in collaboration with NUMA, off Glenn, Michigan.
Houseboat, 60-foot. Appears to have been scuttled. Found off Saugatuck, Michigan. Discovered 2015 in collaboration with NUMA off Saugatuck, Michigan.
John V. Moran, passenger steamship. Lost in ice 1899. Discovered in 2015 off Muskegon, Michigan.
Lizzie Throop, Schooner, Lost in storm October 1873. Discovered in 2017 in collaboration with NUMA.
All shipwrecks in the Great Lakes belong to the individual states in which they have come to rest. While laws are in place that make it illegal to remove anything from a shipwreck site, the discovery of a new site opens it up to the potential of pillaging and disturbance. MSRA generally makes public the locations of the shipwrecks it finds and encourages responsible diving on these historic sites.
See also
Underwater Archaeological Society of Chicago
Further reading
Van Heest, V. O. (2013), Fatal Crossing: The Mysterious Disappearance of NWA Flight 2501 and the Quest for Answers (In-Depth Editions, 2013)
Van Heest, V. O (2012) Lost and Found: Legendary Lake Michigan Shipwrecks (In-Depth Editions, 2012)
Rich, Craig (2010) For Those in Peril: Shipwrecks of Ottawa County (In-Depth Editions, 2010)
Rich, Craig (2012) Through Surf and Storm: Shipwreck of Muskegon County (In-Depth Editions, 2012)
Van Heest, Valerie and William Lafferty (2011) Unsolved Mysteries: The Shipwreck Thomas Hume (In-Depth Editions, 2011)
References
Shipwrecks in the Great Lakes
Organizations established in 2001
2001 establishments in Michigan
Organizations based in Michigan
Holland, Michigan
Archaeology of shipwrecks |
5392444 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permafrost%20Young%20Researchers%20Network | Permafrost Young Researchers Network | The Permafrost Young Researcher’s Network (PYRN) is a network formed in 2005 to formally facilitate and strengthen contacts among young scientists in the permafrost community. It arose from the need for an integrated single source of information for specific resources vital to young scientists (fellowships, conference travel funding, position opportunities, etc.). Additionally, the imminence of the International Polar Year (IPY) prompted the need for a visible representation of the young permafrost community at the international level. The Permafrost Young Researchers Network has therefore been formally established within the International Permafrost Association (IPA) framework and has created and maintains means of communication among young researchers involved in permafrost research. It reports on young researchers’ activities to the IPA membership and working parties and represents permafrost scientists and engineers within broader international and national assemblages.
Activities
The PYRN website is hosted by the Arctic Portal . On the site information on conferences, events, job and graduate positions, research and other topics related to permafrost science is available. It distributes an electronic newsletter to the young researchers’ communities related to the aforementioned topics and seeks to promote and publicize research undertaken by young researchers. PYRN membership is now up to 1100+ members with as many as 50 countries involved (11/07/2014). An Expression of Intent to the International Polar Year was submitted and PYRN will take part in this major event under the auspices of the International Permafrost Association.
See also
Association of Polar Early Career Scientists
External links
Homepage of Permafrost Young Researchers Network (PYRN)
Geology societies
Scientific organisations based in Germany
International scientific organizations
Organizations established in 2005
Youth organisations based in Germany
Permafrost |
5392445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cinnamon%20Bay | Cinnamon Bay | Cinnamon Bay is a body of water and a beach on St. John island, within Virgin Islands National Park, in the United States Virgin Islands.
Geography
The bay is just east of Trunk Bay, and is about a mile west of Maho Bay beach. The shallow, clear water and the short distance to Cinnamon Cay (a small, low-elevation, sandy island) make Cinnamon Bay excellent for snorkeling. It is adjacent to the historic colonial Danish Cinnamon Bay Plantation, an open-air museum of the sugar production in the Danish West Indies.
Recreation
Camping in Virgin Islands National Park is permitted only at Cinnamon Bay Resort and Campground — no back-country or beach camping is allowed by the National Park Service. Cinnamon Bay Resort and Campground features bare sites, tent-covered platforms, sustainable eco-tents and cottages available, along with a restaurant (RainTree Café) and a small beach shop. Park Service programs are offered in a small amphitheatre. In addition, a wide range of weekly activities are available at the campground, such as snorkeling movies, and cultural presentations. Cinnamon Bay Water Sports rents snorkeling equipment, sea kayaks, sailboards and small sailboats, and provides lessons as well. Volunteers are given the opportunity to participate in an archaeological dig on a pre-Columbian Taino ceremonial site.
Hiking opportunities are available on the Cinnamon Bay Nature Trail and the similarly named Cinnamon Bay Trail. Not only wildlife, but also ruins left by the Danish settlers can be seen along the trails, including the ruins of the original Cinnamon Bay sugar mill directly across the road from the campground entrance. Transportation to and from the port city of Cruz Bay is available by safari taxi for $7 per person.
See also
Cinnamon Bay Plantation
References
External links
Official Virgin Islands National Park website
Cinnamon-bay.com: Cinnamon Bay Tourist Information
Maho Bay Eco-Resort
Botanical Villa — private campground and hostel near Cinnamon Bay.
Bays of the United States Virgin Islands
Beaches of the United States Virgin Islands
Landforms of Saint John, U.S. Virgin Islands
Virgin Islands National Park |
5392448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Barbra%20Streisand%20Album | The Barbra Streisand Album | The Barbra Streisand Album is the debut album by Barbra Streisand, released February 25, 1963, on Columbia Records, catalogue CL 2007 in mono and CS 8807 in stereo. It peaked at #8 on the Billboard pop albums chart, and has been certified a gold album by the RIAA. By 1966, the album had sold over one million copies worldwide.
The album won Grammy awards for Album of the Year and Best Female Vocal Performance. In January 2006, the album was inducted into the Grammy Hall of Fame.
Background
Columbia label president Goddard Lieberson initially resisted signing Streisand to a contract, finding her style too close to the cabaret singers he disliked and too far from the understated approach of Jo Stafford or Rosemary Clooney, who recorded for the label in the 1950s. Lieberson relented and agreed to sign her. Nearly three decades later Streisand said: The most important thing about that first contract – actually, the thing we held out for – was a unique clause giving me the right to choose my own material. It was the only thing I really cared about. I still received lots of pressure from the label to include some pop hits on my first album, but I held out for the songs that really meant something to me. Despite Lieberson's initial reservations, Streisand went on to become one of Columbia's most enduring artists.
Streisand's first album was originally conceived as a live recording, since she had made a name for herself performing at the Bon Soir in New York City and The Blue Angel. Her producer Mike Berniker brought a crew to the club to record Streisand accompanied by the Bon Soir house musicians and her pianist, Peter Daniels. These recordings were scrapped, although the cover shot for the album was taken during the Bon Soir session. Some material from the Bon Soir sets would later appear on Streisand's Just for the Record... retrospective box set. Streisand exercised her creative control and chose the album title, rejecting Columbia's choice of Sweet and Saucy Streisand. Streisand said, "'What is the truth of it? It's the Barbra Streisand album.' If you saw me on TV, you could just go [to the record shop] and ask for the Barbra Streisand album. It's common sense."
Recording
Recording studio sessions took place January 23–25, 1963, at Columbia's Studio A in New York City with a budget of $18,000. Material was mostly chosen from Broadway standards, many of which were fairly obscure. "I'll Tell the Man in the Street" was originally performed by Dennis King in the 1938 production of I Married An Angel, and "Who's Afraid of the Big Bad Wolf?" was taken from the 1933 Disney cartoon Three Little Pigs. Her rendition of the Disney song, began with the quoting of the first 11 notes from the "Cat Theme" from Serge Prokofiev's "Peter and the Wolf", which did result in a lawsuit against Columbia Records, from Prokofiev's estates, which was settled out of court, with Prokofiev's widow receiving half of the proceeds for the unapproved quote. the Disney song ended on a Spike Jones style of rhythm and slide whistles, heard at the end of the track, before the song' fade. Not one of his well-known numbers, "Come to the Supermarket (in Old Peking)" appeared in a 1958 television special with music by Cole Porter, while "A Sleepin' Bee" came from the 1954 musical House of Flowers.
"Soon It's Gonna Rain" and "Much More" were both introduced in the 1960 off-Broadway musical The Fantasticks, and the 1930 film Chasing Rainbows provided "Happy Days Are Here Again". "Cry Me A River" was a signature song of Julie London, while "A Taste of Honey" was coincidentally recorded less than three weeks later by the Beatles for their 1963 debut album, Please Please Me.
"Happy Days Are Here Again" was released as Columbia single 42631 with "When the Sun Comes Out" on the b-side, but it did not chart. Notwithstanding, at the 1964 Grammy Awards, The Barbra Streisand Album won awards in the categories of Album of the Year, Best Female Vocal Performance, and Best Album Cover - Other Than Classical, the latter presented to art director John Berg.
The only song recorded but not included on this album was "Bewitched, Bothered and Bewildered which Streisand and Mike Berniker recorded on two separate dates (including a later session on January 29). The song was included instead on Streisand's The Third Album using a Peter Daniels arrangement.
Streisand chose Century Expanded Italic, the typeface for the album sleeve of her debut album, which would also be used on 19 other Streisand album covers.
The album made its digital debut on CD in 1987 and was re-released in a remastered CD edition on October 19, 1993.
Critical reception
AllMusic gave the album a retrospective five (out of five) stars, and called it "an essential recording in the field of pop vocals because it redefines that genre in contemporary terms," and "the first thing that strikes you listening to it, is that great voice. And it isn't just the sheer quality of the voice, its purity and its strength throughout its register, it's also the mastery of vocal effects that produce dramatic readings of the lyrics -- each song is like a one-act musical."
Track listing
Personnel
Barbra Streisand – vocals
Mike Berniker – producer
Peter Matz – arrangements
Fred Plaut and Frank Laico – recording engineers
John Berg – design
Hank Parker – photography
Harold Arlen – liner notes
Mel Lewis drums
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
References
External links
The Barbra Streisand Music Guide – The Barbra Streisand Album
Barbra Archives Discography – The Barbra Streisand Album
Barbra Streisand albums
1963 debut albums
Grammy Award for Album of the Year
Grammy Award for Best Female Pop Vocal Performance
Albums arranged by Peter Matz
Albums produced by Mike Berniker
Columbia Records albums |
5392451 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamshid%20Bahman%20Jamshidian | Jamshid Bahman Jamshidian | Jamshid Bahman Jamshidian, also known as Arbab Jamshidi (born in 1851 in Yazd - died January 16, 1933 in Tehran), was a prominent Zoroastrian figure in Iran who introduced the idea of modern banking in Iran as well as being the first representative of the Zoroastrian community in the Iranian Parliament.
Life
At the age of 11, due to his intelligence and exceptionally sharp memory, he was sent to Borujerd along with one of his father's friends, to work in the local trade center owned by Arbab Rostam Mehr. He stayed there until the age of 20. By that time, the young Jamshid had opened his own small trade centers in Borujerd and Bandar Abbas and he was focusing on the clothing business. He expanded his operations to the north and specifically towards the capital, Tehran. One of his early intentions, deeply rooted in the care that he had for his society and his fellow Zoroastrians, was to employ as many bright young Zoroastrians as possible in his business, to reduce the centuries-old dependency of their society on traditional farming.
Arbab Jamshid encouraged and facilitated Zoroastrian migration to the capital of Tehran. At the height of his operation, he had 150 Zoroastrian employees in his Tehran financial firm. Zoroastrian neighborhoods were formed in the area surrounding the residence of Jamshid. The nucleus of this community was formed by his employees and their families, joined later by other Zoroastrians.
By the age of 35, Arbab Jamshid had several trade chambers in the central market known as the Grand Bazaar of Tehran. This was a place where, normally non-Moslems had difficult times establishing businesses due to heightened level of prejudice. It was deeply rooted in centuries of discrimination and unjust behavior. Jamshid managed to build respect by establishing relationships with the key political figures of his time. These included two kings of Iran, Mozaffar ad-Din Shah Qajar and Mohammed Ali Shah Qajar, and other political figures such as the first Iranian Prime Minister Mirza Nasrullah Khan. These relationships were built upon mutual respect and often accompanied by generous gifts.
While keeping these powerful relationships, he also helped the poor. Iranians from any religious belief and/or background would be welcomed on a weekly basis to his house or business centers. Often 400 to 500 of the poor attended his weekly lunch. Arbab Jamshid was known as the Hatim al-Tai of Iran.
See also
Bank Melli Iran
Zoroastrians in Iran
References
Iranian Zoroastrians
People of the Persian Constitutional Revolution
Members of the 1st Iranian Majlis
Zoroastrians Representatives in National Consultative Assembly
1851 births
1933 deaths
19th-century Iranian politicians
20th-century Iranian politicians
19th-century Iranian businesspeople
20th-century Iranian businesspeople |
5392488 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27Upupa%20und%20der%20Triumph%20der%20Sohnesliebe | L'Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe | L'Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe (English: The Hoopoe and the Triumph of Filial Love) is an opera by Hans Werner Henze with a German libretto by the composer, inspired by Arab and Persian legends. This is Henze's 15th, and self-stated final, opera, and the first where he has written his own libretto.
The opera was first performed at the Salzburg Festival on 12 August 2003 in a co-production with the Deutsche Oper Berlin and the Teatro Real, Madrid, staged by Dieter Dorn, set by Jürgen Rose. For the premiere, the originally scheduled conductor was Christian Thielemann and the original singer scheduled as "The demon" was Ian Bostridge, but in their places, Markus Stenz conducted and John Mark Ainsley sang "The demon".
Critics have noted stylistic allusions to the music of Alban Berg and Igor Stravinsky, as well as to the operas Die Entführung aus dem Serail, The Magic Flute, Die Frau ohne Schatten, Tristan und Isolde and Parsifal.
Roles
The role of "the nameless dictator" is unseen and unheard.
Synopsis
Al Radshi, an old man, who lives in a tower on Manda, the island of the black baboons, laments the absence of his golden bird, a hoopoe that used to visit him daily. Al Radshi once reached out to touch the hoopoe, which caused it to fly away. Since then, the bird has not been seen. Al Radshi asks his three sons to go off on a quest to find the hoopoe and return it to him. Two of the sons are untrustworthy and lazy, but the third, Al Kasim, is honest and brave. Al Kasim is the only son to go off in search of the hoopoe.
Al Kasim does find the hoopoe, with the help of a demon, who is a fallen angel with tattered black wings and who has been barred from heaven for an unidentified crime. Al Kasim then has to find and rescue a captive princess, Badi'eat el-Hosn. He does so, and falls in love with her. His next quest is to find a magic chest.
After Al Kasim has obtained these three treasures, the other two brothers reappear and push Kasim and Badi'aet el-Hosn down a well. Those two brothers return to their father and claim credit for performing Al Kasim's acts. However, Al Kasim and Badi'aet el-Hosn are eventually rescued. The other two brothers are expelled from the island. Al Kasim cannot marry Badi'aet el-Hosn, however, until he completes one more quest. The opera leaves unresolved the question of whether Al Kasim and Badi'aet el-Hosn are united at the end.
Review
The reviewer of The Times stated: "The hot ticket at this year’s Salzburg Festival is not one of the three Mozart opera productions, but the world premiere production of Hans Werner Henze’s newest stage-work L’Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe (The Hoopoe and the Triumph of Filial Love)." and continued: "This action-packed scenario might seem complex, but it emerges in a production of magical simplicity and ravishing visual beauty by the stage director, Dieter Dorn and set and costume designer, Jürgen Rose with a spell-binding clarity. A clarity which Henze also achieves in what must be his richest and most entrancing opera score to date."
Recording
There is a DVD of the original 2003 Salzburg production with Matthias Goerne, Laura Aikin, John Mark Ainsley, Alfred Muff, and Markus Stenz conducting the Vienna Philharmonic Orchestra and the Vienna State Opera Chorus (EuroArts 2053929).
See also
The Golden Bird (German fairy tale)
The Bird 'Grip' (Swedish fairy tale)
The Greek Princess and the Young Gardener (Irish fairy tale)
Tsarevitch Ivan, the Firebird and the Gray Wolf (Russian fairy tale)
How Ian Direach got the Blue Falcon (Scottish fairy tale)
The Little Green Frog (French literary tale)
References
Notes
Sources
Henze, Hans Werner, L'Upupa. Nachtstücke aus dem Morgenland. Autobiographische Mitteilungen. Propyläen, Berlin 2003. (This is the second part of Henze’s autobiography. The book contains the libretto of the opera.)
External links
L'Upupa und der Triumph der Sohnesliebe on the Chester Novello website, synopsis and reviews
Operas
2003 operas
German-language operas
Operas by Hans Werner Henze |
5392491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nate%20Carr | Nate Carr | Nate Carr (born June 24, 1960 in Erie, Pennsylvania) is an American collegiate and international level freestyle wrestler. He grew up in a family of 16 children. Five of these, including Nate, would become All-American wrestlers (an NCAA record) and two, again including Nate, would compete in the Olympic Games.
High school
During his high school career at Erie Tech, Carr, coached by Tom Carr (no relation), posted a record of 115-7 and collected a Pennsylvania State Championship.
College
Upon his graduation from Erie Tech, Carr received a wrestling scholarship to Iowa State University. There he had a career record of 117-20-1 in the 150 pound weight class. He earned three NCAA championships and two Big Eight Conference Titles.
International competition
After graduation from Iowa State, Carr continued his freestyle wrestling career at the international level. In 1983 Carr earned a spot on the World Championship team. In 1986 he won both the World Cup and the Pan-American Championships.
He began training for the 1988 Olympic Games in Seoul while working as an assistant coach at West Virginia University. While staying in the Olympic Village, Carr did not participate in any of the recreational activities offered to the athletes because he felt it would interfere with his singleminded focus toward winning gold. At the Games he wrestled to the semifinal match and won a bronze medal. There have been accusations of a scoring error by a judge which may have adversely affected his placement.
He returned as a member of the World Championship team in 1990 and also won his weight class at the Goodwill Games.
Subsequent career and family
Carr continued his participation in the sport as an assistant coach at West Virginia University. After his retirement from WVU, he moved to Jones County, GA. There, his son, Nate Carr, Jr. was a nationally ranked high school wrestler and 3-time state champion. Nate, Jr. originally committed to West Virginia University, but instead opted to attend Iowa Central Community College where he won the NJCAA 157 lb. National Title. Nate Carr currently works as the head club coach for the Regional Training Center at Iowa State University where his youngest son David is a member of the wrestling team.
External links
West Virginia University
Wrestling Hall of Fame
Brainy History
West Virginia University Alumni Magazine
Wrestlers at the 1988 Summer Olympics
American male sport wrestlers
African-American sport wrestlers
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in wrestling
Living people
1960 births
Iowa State Cyclones wrestlers
Sportspeople from Erie, Pennsylvania
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
American wrestling coaches
Competitors at the 1990 Goodwill Games
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople |
5392495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castellar%20de%20la%20Frontera | Castellar de la Frontera | Castellar de la Frontera is a town and municipality located in the province of Cádiz, in Andalusia, Spain. It is a medieval town within a castle.
Description
Castellar de la Frontera is a village within a castle surrounded by the walls of a well preserved Moorish-Christian fortress. It is located within the Parque Natural de Los Alcornocales next to a reservoir formed by the Guadarranque River. The village was abandoned in the 1970s and its inhabitants moved to the aptly named Nuevo Castellar (). The derelict state of the village attracted a number of Germans who took over the empty houses and built temporary dwellings outside the walls. The village was later repopulated reporting a population in 2012 of 3,202. On clear days you can see the North African coast, Gibraltar and the villages on the mountains near Málaga to the north. Castellar is in an isolated location, at the end of a mountain road that runs off the A-368. It is from Castellar to the inter-city N-340 road and to Gibraltar or Algeciras.
References
External links
Municipalities of the Province of Cádiz |
5392500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20Copyright | Captain Copyright | Captain Copyright was a propaganda cartoon character created by Canada's Access Copyright agency to educate children about the agency's stance on copyright and copyright infringement. As of August 18, 2006, the Captain Copyright initiative had been canceled.
As of March 3, 2007, the website has a three-paragraph statement explaining that "we have come to the conclusion that the current climate around copyright issues will not allow a project like this one to be successful".
As of March 14, 2008, the website gives a 400 Bad Request, stating "Bad Request (Invalid Hostname)".
As of January 11, 2013, the website redirects to Access Copyright's main site.
Controversy
Not long after the launch of a website introducing the character, concerns were raised in a number of quarters that the character was not appropriate for educational uses, as it was produced by an entity with a commercial interest in the state of copyright law in Canada, and it is unclear that it is following copyright law itself.
For example, it was reported that the Captain Copyright web page used two quotes about ISBNs from English Wikipedia, but fails to follow the requirements of English Wikipedia's GNU FDL license by providing a direct link back to the source article or even acknowledging the GNU license as required by English Wikipedia. On further investigation, several more English Wikipedia quotes were also found on the site; however, as of 5 June 2006, all the English Wikipedia quotes were removed, and Suzanne Dugard, manager of communications for Access Copyright, stated in an interview with Canada.com that their inclusion had been "just an oversight".
It has also been noted that the site avoids the issue of the blank media levy in Canada when discussing the legalities of space shifting and downloading copyrighted material without permission. While it is illegal to make such material available for download, as of 2006 the Copyright Board of Canada has indicated that it is not illegal to download copyrighted material once it has been made available illegally, a ruling made specifically because of the earlier imposition of the levy. For example, a teacher's handout claims that for music "the copyright is for the recording on the media device, not the words or music on it," even though the intent of the blank media levy is to compensate copyright holders in return for allowing the shifting of the copyrighted material from media to media.
Others have pointed out that Access Copyright has placed the following two statements on the Captain Copyright website:
In both cases, it has been questioned whether or not these clauses — unusual for HTML documents, which are intended to be hyperlinked to by the structure of web itself — are intended to stifle fair dealing, debate on copyright issues, and legitimate criticism of Access Copyright's approach despite Captain Copyright being pitched as a tool for education.
Parody
The one-sided approach to copyright promoted by the Captain Copyright campaign has been ridiculed and parodied by fair use advocates. For example, The Continuing Adventures of Private Infringer was a short-lived fan fiction blog whose title character's every action was prevented by Captain Copyright. Google Blogoscoped also posted a parody depicting Creative Commons founder Lawrence Lessig as a villain who hates creativity.
References
External links
Boing Boing about Captain Copyright
Official Site
Copyright campaigns
Canadian copyright law
Propaganda cartoons |
5392504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Brook%20%28New%20Jersey%29 | Great Brook (New Jersey) | Great Brook is a tributary of the Passaic River in the U.S. state of New Jersey.
Great Brook passes through the borough of Bernardsville.
See also
List of rivers of New Jersey
Tributaries of the Passaic River
Rivers of New Jersey
Rivers of Somerset County, New Jersey |
5392509 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liteyny%20Municipal%20Okrug | Liteyny Municipal Okrug | Liteyny Municipal Okrug () is a municipal okrug of Tsentralny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
The okrug borders the Neva River in the north, Chernyshevskogo Avenue and Vosstaniya Street in the east, and Nevsky Avenue in the south.
Places of interest include the Vosstaniya Square, Liteyny Avenue, and Kutuzov Embankment.
References
Tsentralny District, Saint Petersburg |
5392519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20McAleer | William McAleer | William McAleer (January 6, 1838April 19, 1912) was an American politician from Pennsylvania who served as a Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district from 1891 to 1895 and from 1897 to 1901.
Early life and education
McAleer was born in County Tyrone on the island of Ireland (the entirety of which was then part of the U.K.). He emigrated to the United States with his parents, who settled in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania in 1851. He attended public and private schools.
Career
In 1861 he became a partner with his father and brothers in the firm of John McAleer & Sons, flour merchants. He was elected in 1870 to the Common Council, the lower house of the city council at the time. He was not renominated to a second term, but was appointed to the Board of Guardians of the Poor in 1873, and served as its vice president and later president. He was also member of the commercial exchange and served successively as its director, vice president, and president. In 1880 he was director of the chamber of commerce. As president of the Friendly Sons of St. Patrick he organized for the relief of immigrants.
He was elected to the Pennsylvania State Senate in 1886 to represent the 2nd Senate district. In 1890, he was nominated by the Democratic Party to run for Congress against Richard Vaux, who had just been elected in May 1890 to serve out the term of Samuel J. Randall. Vaux was nominated by the Independent Democrats and had his name on the Republican line; but McAleer won the election by about 3,000 votes. He won re-election in 1892 as an Independent Democrat with the endorsement of the Republicans. In 1894, after two terms, he was defeated for the Democratic nomination by Joseph P. McCullen, a lawyer who was defeated in the general election by Frederick Halterman.
He won back his seat in 1896 by defeating Halterman by 2,099 votes. In the 1900 elections, he was defeated by Henry Burk, an election in which Republicans increased their majority from 18 to 47 members. After his defeat, he was appointed as a committeeman to the Pennsylvania Democratic State Committee under a banner of reform.
As a member of Congress, he served on the Committee of Naval Affairs and brought federal funds for improvements at the Philadelphia Naval Shipyard and secured construction for cruisers and battleships at the yard. he also won appropriations of $750,000 for the construction of the new Philadelphia Mint building.
He resumed business activities in Philadelphia and died in Germantown, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, aged 74. He is interred at the Holy Sepulchre Cemetery in Cheltenham, Pennsylvania.
References
|-
1838 births
1912 deaths
People from County Tyrone
Irish emigrants to the United States (before 1923)
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania state senators
Philadelphia City Council members
Pennsylvania Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians |
5392525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain%20Jack%27s%20%28restaurant%29 | Captain Jack's (restaurant) | Captain Jack's is a full-service restaurant in the Disneyland Park at Disneyland Resort Paris. It is based on Disneyland's Blue Bayou Restaurant.
Although seated in a large, enclosed structure, diners experience an illusion that mimics being located on a Caribbean beach in an outdoor restaurant at nighttime. This effect is achieved through the use of a dark ceiling and special lighting, as well as sound and visual effects. Diners hear the chirping of crickets and croaking of frogs and they see the glow of fireflies. The restaurant is very closely tied to the Pirates of the Caribbean attraction, in that the water stream that runs by the diners in the restaurant carries the attraction's boats as visitors begin their ride. Diners and riders are often in visual contact.
In 2017 the restaurant was renamed Captain Jack's from its previous name, The Blue Lagoon.
References
External links
Captain Jack's — Disneyland Paris
Disneyland Park (Paris)
Restaurants in France
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts restaurants
Restaurants established in 1992
Pirates of the Caribbean |
5392528 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cessavit | Cessavit | A cessavit was a writ in English law, originating in Stat. 6 Edw. I., given by statute to recover lands when the tenant has for two years failed to perform the conditions of his tenure. It was abolished in 3 and 4 Wm. IV. The forms and species of this writ were various; such as, cessavit de cantaria, cessavit de feodifirma, and cessavit per biennium.
An example can be seen in a Plea Roll of the Court of Common Pleas, in 1430, where Robert Gryttone, abbot of Colchester St John, is suing Nicholas Peke. The words can be seen in the third line as "p. biennium iam cessavit".
References
Webster's Revised Unabridged Dictionary, 1913.
Writs
Real property law
English legal terminology
English property law |
5392532 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Murcia | University of Murcia | The University of Murcia () is the main university in Murcia, Spain. With 38,000 students, it is the largest university in the Región de Murcia. The University of Murcia is the third oldest university in Spain, after the University of Salamanca (1218 AD) and the University of Valladolid (1241 AD), and the thirteenth in the world. The University of Murcia was established in 1272 by the King Alfonso X of Castile under the Crown of Castile.
The majority of the University's facilities and buildings are spread over two campuses: the older is La Merced, situated in the town centre, and the larger is Espinardo, just 5 km to the north of Murcia. A third campus for Medical and Health Studies is currently being built next to the suburban area known as Ciudad Sanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, 5 km south of the city. A new campus had been made in San Javier too, that hosts the Sports Science faculty.
History
The first university in Murcia was founded as the Universitas Studiorum Murciana by Alfonso X of Castile around 1272. The current modern University of Murcia was founded in 1915, making it the tenth oldest university in Spain among the modern universities, but its seal carries the date of the thirteenth century founding.
Campuses
The University of Murcia has two campuses: La Merced, the original campus in the center of the city; and the larger Espinardo, 5 km to the north, which houses most students.
A third campus for medical and health studies is currently being built in the Murcia neighborhood of El Palmar, next to the hospital Ciudad Sanitaria Virgen de la Arrixaca, 5 km south of Murcia's city center. A fourth campus is in the beginning stages in San Javier. Another one, in Lorca, is expected to open in 2007.
Degrees
Categorized by faculties and university schools:
Faculties
Faculty of Sports Science
Honours Degree in Physical activity and Sports Science
Faculty of Fine Arts
Honours Degree in Fine Arts
Faculty of Biology
Honours Degree in Biology
Honours Degree in Environmental Science
Honours Degree in Biotechnology
Faculty of Documentation Science
Diploma in Library Sciences and Documentation
Honours Degree in Documentation
Honours Degree in Journalism
Honours Degree in Advertising and Public Relations
Faculty of Industrial Sciences
Diploma in Industrial Relations
Honours Degree in Industrial Science
Faculty of Economics and Business
Diploma in Management Science
Honours Degree in Administration and Management
Honours Degree in Economics
Honours Degree in Market Technology and Research
Honours Degree in Sociology
Administracion y Direccion de Empresas con Harvard Business School.La universidad es hermana con Harvard.La unica ADE en españa con el ranking
Faculty of Law
Honours Degree in Law
Honours Degree in Political and Administration Sciences
Diploma in Public Management and Administration
Combined Honours Degree in Law with Administration and Management
Honours Degree in Criminology
Faculty of Education
Diploma in Social Education
Honours Degree in Education
Honours Degree in Education Psychology
Teaching: Specialising in Special Needs Education
Teaching: Specialising in Physical Education
Teaching: Specialising in Infant Education
Teaching: Specialising in Music Education
Teaching: Specialising in Primary Education
Teaching: Specialising in Foreign Languages (Specialities in English and French)
Faculty of Philosophy
Honours Degree in Philosophy
Faculty of Computer Sciences
Engineer in Computer Science
Technical Engineer in Computer Science (Management)
Technical Engineer in Computer Science (Systems)
Arts Faculty
Honours Degree in Classical Studies
Honours Degree in French Studies
Honours Degree in Spanish Studies
Honours Degree in English Studies
Honours Degree in Geography
Honours Degree in History
Honours Degree in History of Art
Honours Degree in Translation and Interpreting
Faculty of Mathematics
Honours Degree in Mathematics
Faculty of Medicine
Honours Degree in Medicine
Honours Degree in Dentistry
Honours Degree in Pharmacy
Diploma in Physiotherapy
Degree in Nursing (2009)
Faculty of Psychology
Honours Degree in Psychology
Honours Degree in Speech Therapy
Faculty of Chemistry
Diploma in Optics and Optometry
Honours Degree in Chemical Engineering
Honours Degree in Biochemistry
Honours Degree in Physics
Honours Degree in Chemistry
Faculty of Veterinary Science
Honours Degree in Veterinary Science
Honours Degree in Science and Food Technology
University schools
Nursing School of Murcia
Diploma in Nursing
Nursing School of Cartagena
Diploma in Nursing
School of Social Work
Diploma in Social Work
School of Tourism
Diploma in Tourism
School for adults ceainfante in collaboration with umu
Doctorates
Economy
Experimental Science
Health Science
Humanity
Juridical Science
Mathematics
Social Science
Technological Teaching
Degree footnotes
Espinardo campus
La Merced campus
San Javier campus
La Merced campus, but some classes given in hospitals
In city of Murcia outside La Merced campus
Cartagena, south of Murcia
Second cycle degrees only
See also
List of early modern universities in Europe
References
External links
Campus maps - campuses and how to get to them
History of the University of Murcia
Educational institutions established in the 13th century
1272 establishments in Europe
13th-century establishments in Castile
Educational institutions established in 1915
University
Public universities
Universities and colleges in Spain
1915 establishments in Spain |
5392563 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VH1%20Rock%20Honors | VH1 Rock Honors | The VH1 Rock Honors were an annual ceremony paying homage to bands who influenced the sound of rock music. The events began in 2006, and the final event took place in 2008. The general format of each show is for modern bands to "pay tribute" to classic greats of the rock/metal world (by covering a song of theirs), after which time the artist being paid tribute to plays multiple songs. The 2006 and 2007 shows featured four inductees each, whereas the 2008 show featured one (The Who), albeit with multiple bands paying tribute. The shows were directed by David Mallet and produced by Paul Flattery and Greg Sills. Currently, VH1 has no plans for a CD or DVD release of any show.
2006
The ceremony was held at Mandalay Bay Events Center in Las Vegas, Nevada, United States on May 25, 2006. The first ever Rock Honors aired May 31, 2006, honoring rock icons Queen, Judas Priest, Def Leppard, and Kiss. The show was hosted by Jaime Pressly. In Latin America it aired on June 7.
The ceremony opened with the Foo Fighters performing the Queen classic "Tie Your Mother Down." They were soon joined by Brian May and Roger Taylor. After a biography of Queen, Queen + Paul Rodgers performed "The Show Must Go On", "We Will Rock You" and "We Are the Champions" (feat. Dave Grohl and Taylor Hawkins on drums). (The Foo Fighters had previously collaborated with May on a cover of Pink Floyd's "Have a Cigar" for the Mission: Impossible 2 soundtrack.)
Godsmack's tribute to Judas Priest followed, the band playing a medley of "Electric Eye," "Victim of Changes", and "Hell Bent for Leather". After Judas Priest's biography they performed "Breaking the Law", "The Green Manalishi (With The Two-Pronged Crown)" and "You've Got Another Thing Comin'."
The All-American Rejects then performed Def Leppard's "Photograph". During the performance, drummer Chris Gaylor wore nothing but British flag shorts - a reference to what Leppard drummer Rick Allen wore in some of the band's old music videos. After Def Leppard's biography they took the stage and performed "Rock of Ages," a long version of "Rocket" with a guitar solo, then continued to play a T.Rex cover off their newest album, Yeah!, "20th Century Boy." For this performance, Joe Elliott invited Brian May to join the band.
A supergroup was then formed of Rob Zombie, Slash, Gilby Clarke, Scott Ian, Ace Frehley, and Tommy Lee. The six then performed "God of Thunder". Kiss followed with their closing performance of "Detroit Rock City", "Deuce", "Love Gun" and for encore they performed "Makin' Love". This went against traditional Kiss performances as they normally closed with "Rock and Roll All Nite".
2007
The second annual Rock Honors on VH1 hosted by Bam Margera with appearances by Cameron Diaz, Robin Williams, Taylor Hawkins, Billy Bob Thornton, April Margera, Jada Pinkett Smith, and Criss Angel. This year's show paid tribute to iconic rock bands ZZ Top, Heart, Genesis, and Ozzy Osbourne. The show was also held in Las Vegas.
Nickelback started this year's ceremony, playing the hit ZZ Top song, "Sharp Dressed Man". Billy Bob Thornton then announced the Texas trio. After a biography video, the band took the stage and performed their MTV video hit "Gimme All Your Lovin'", followed by "La Grange", Dusty Hill's signature song "Tush" and finished with "Cheap Sunglasses".
Cameron Diaz then took the stage to announce the Seattle Sisters, better known as Heart. After a biography video on the band, Gretchen Wilson, assisted by Alice in Chains, performed "Barracuda", joined by Heart guitarist Nancy Wilson. Heart then took the stage and performed "Straight On", "Lost Angel", and "Crazy on You". (TV airing cut out "Lost Angel".) It was one of Alice In Chains's first appearances on live television since the death of their lead singer Layne Staley.
Robin Williams was the next presenter, and announced Genesis. After a biography video, Keane was the next tribute performer, who performed "That's All". Genesis then took the stage and performed their hits "Turn it on Again" and "No Son of Mine", as well as "Los Endos" (which was cut from the TV airing).
Next, in honor of Ozzy Osbourne, Bam Margera gave himself a black eye. Jada Pinkett Smith was the next presenter, who announced Osbourne. After a biography video, Queens of the Stone Age performed the Black Sabbath tune "Paranoid". Criss Angel then appeared, honoring Ozzy by biting the head off a mouse. Ozzy then took the stage, performing his new single "I Don't Wanna Stop", followed by "Bark at the Moon" and "Crazy Train". (TV airing cut out the "Bark at the Moon" performance, but it airs as a music video on shows such as Metal Mania.)
2008
The Who were honored at the 2008 ceremony from the Pauley Pavilion at UCLA instead of the usual Las Vegas Mandalay Bay Events Center. The concert consisted of an hour-long performance by the band as well as tributes by Incubus, Pearl Jam, Foo Fighters, Flaming Lips, Adam Sandler and Tenacious D. An edited show aired on July 17, 2008. The television broadcast included commentary from other musicians, celebrities, and The Who itself describing the band's career and impact. It is also the first program in the series to pay tribute to only one artist.
The music performances included:
Foo Fighters - "Young Man Blues" and "Bargain" (with guest lead vocals by Gaz Coombes of Supergrass)
Incubus - "I Can See for Miles" and "I Can't Explain"
Flaming Lips - Tommy medley
Tenacious D - "Squeeze Box"
Pearl Jam - "Love, Reign o'er Me" and "The Real Me"
The Who - "Baba O'Riley", "Who Are You", "Behind Blue Eyes", "My Generation", and "Tea & Theatre"
Presenters included David Duchovny, Sean Penn, Rainn Wilson, Mila Kunis and Adam Sandler, who performed his own version of "Magic Bus." Performances not used in the TV special will be made available online at VH1.com.
The Foo Fighters presence at the 2008 show makes them the only artist to have played more than one Rock Honors show. It also makes Taylor Hawkins the only person at all three ceremonies. He played in the first and third shows and was a backstage interviewer at the second.
References
External links
Official 2006 website
Official 2007 website
Official 2008 website
2000s American television specials
VH1 original programming |
5392570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K%C3%B6nig%20Hirsch | König Hirsch | (in English, The Stag King) is an opera in three acts by Hans Werner Henze to a German libretto by after Il re cervo, a theatrical fable (1762) by Carlo Gozzi. He revised it as Il re cervo, premiered in 1963 at the Staatstheater Kassel.
Performance history
was first performed in a drastically shortened version by the Städtische Oper Berlin on 23 September 1956 in the Theater des Westens with staging by Jean Pierre Ponnelle and conducted by Hermann Scherchen, as a highlight of the Berliner Festwochen 1956.
It was rewritten as , (The Stag King or The Odysseys of Truth) and performed at the Staatstheater Kassel on 10 March 1963. This version was also produced at the Santa Fe Opera on 4 August 1965. The complete, original form of König Hirsch was given for the first time on 5 May 1985 at the Staatsoper Stuttgart.
Roles
Synopsis
The king, who has been cast into the forest as a child by the governor, returns to his kingdom. However he is tricked by the governor and forced to go back to the forest where he turns into a stag. Eventually he goes back once again, the governor is killed, and he is transformed again into human form.
Instrumentation
woodwinds: 3 flutes (3rd doubling on piccolo), 2 oboes, English horn, 2 clarinets, bass clarinet, 2 bassoons, contrabassoon
Brass: 4 horns, 3 trumpets (3rd doubling on piccolo trumpet in C [ad lib.]), 2 trombones, tuba
percussion (7 players): triangle, tubular bells, suspended cymbals, pair of cymbals, tamtam, 3 tom-toms, tambourine, snare drum, military drum, bass drum (with or without cymbals), claves, maracas, legno, Gegenschlagstöcke, rumba bells, glockenspiel, xylophone
Other: harp, piano, celesta, organ (ad lib.), harpsichord, accordion, guitar, mandolin
On-stage Band: flute, clarinet, 4 horns, 3 trumpets, percussion: triangle, small bells, tubular bells, suspended cymbals, pair of cymbals, tambourine, 2 snare drums, military drum, bass drum, glockenspiel, vibraphone, mandolin, celesta, organ, violin
Recordings
To date the opera has not been recorded in its entirety. An excerpt (act 3, scene 5) from a performance recorded by the Südwestrundfunk Stuttgart in 1985 (Julia Conwell, soprano; John Bröcheler, bass-baritone; Helmut Holzapfel, tenor-buffo; Würtembergisches Staatsorchester Stuttgart; Dennis Russell Davies, cond.) is included as part of:
Neue Harmonien: Oper 1948–1962. CD recording, one disc. RCA Red Seal BMG Ariola Classics 74321 73539 2. Musik in Deutschland, 1950–2000: Musiktheater: Oper, Operette, Musical. [Germany]: BMG Ariola Classics, RCA Red Seal, Deutscher Musikrat, 2002.
References
Warrack, John and West, Ewan (1992), The Oxford Dictionary of Opera, 782 pages,
Operas
German-language operas
Operas by Hans Werner Henze
1956 operas
Operas based on works by Carlo Gozzi |
5392586 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoch%20Verlag | Zoch Verlag | The Zoch Verlag is a Munich-based publisher of games. Its pivotal point are games of skill made out of wood - or with a high proportion of wood - for children and families. In addition, it has games in which the tactical skills of the players are demanded.
History
The Zoch Verlag was founded in 1987 by CEO Albrecht Werstein and game designer Klaus Zoch. In 2002 a new shareholder, Hermann Hutter, was added. Hutter was responsible for marketing and sales. Upon its founding, Zoch Verlag released its first game, Bausack.
Zoch Verlag has received many awards, including the Deutscher Spiele Preis, the Schweizer Spielepreis and was awarded "spiel gut".
On 1 February 2010, the publishing house was taken over by the Simba Dickie Group and continued as a trademark.
Notable games
Spinderella
Niagara
Villa Paletti
Manila
Chicken Cha Cha Cha
Hamsterrolle
Heck Meck (Pickomino)
References
External links
Zoch's website
Zoch's website
Board game publishing companies
Mass media in Munich
Simba Dickie Group |
5392588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington%20Group%20International | Washington Group International | Washington Group International was an American corporation which provided integrated engineering, construction, and management services to businesses and governments around the world. Based in Boise, Idaho, WGI had approximately 25,000 employees working in over 40 US states and more than 30 countries. Its primary areas of expertise were: infrastructure, mining, industrial/process, energy & environment, and power. It was acquired by URS Corporation of San Francisco in November 2007 for $3.1 billion, subsequently purchased by AECOM.
Washington Construction
At the age of 30, Dennis R. Washington founded Washington Construction Company in Missoula, Montana in 1964. He guided the company to the top of the civil construction market in Montana, and expanded into mining, industrial construction, and environmental cleanup work. As his company grew into a major regional firm, Washington's vision for the future continued to expand also - leading to a series of acquisitions that produced an international company.
In 1993 it expanded its heavy civil construction-operation, when it merged with Kasler Corporation, a California-based firm with large-scale operations in heavy-civil construction. Washington Construction Group Inc. was then based in Highland, California.
Morrison Knudsen Co.
In 1996, the much smaller Washington Construction Group merged with Morrison-Knudsen Corp. of Boise, which had been in financial difficulty.
Acquisition by URS
On May 28, 2007, URS Corporation, based in San Francisco, announced it had reached an initial agreement with WGI management to purchase the entire company for $2.6 billion (about $80 per share). According to the plan, WGI would operate as a division of URS, with the headquarters remaining in Boise. On November 15, the price was increased and finalized for a purchase price of $3.1 billion ($95.116 per share).
URS competitors include Bechtel, Fluor Corp., CB&I, Kiewit, and Jacobs Engineering Group.
URS was purchased by AECOM in 2014.
See also
List of locomotive builders
Top 100 US Federal Contractors
References
"Idaho for the Curious", by Cort Conley, ©1982, , p. 403-404
The Wreck of Morrison Knudsen - Time, April 3, 1995
Idaho company recovers - Seattle Times, (AP), July 28, 2004
External links
Washington Division of URS - official site
Forbes.com - URS & Washington Group - Nuclear Fusion - 29-May-2007
The Seattle Times - 29-May-2007
Defunct companies based in Idaho
American companies established in 1964
Defunct engineering companies of the United States
American companies disestablished in 2007
1964 establishments in Idaho
2007 disestablishments in Idaho |
3999445 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20singles | 2002 French Open – Men's singles | Albert Costa defeated Juan Carlos Ferrero in the final, 6–1, 6–0, 4–6, 6–3 to win the men's singles tennis title at the 2002 French Open.
Gustavo Kuerten was the two-time defending champion, but lost in the fourth round to Costa.
At this tournament, Feliciano López began his record run of 79 consecutive major main draw appearances that spanned twenty years, ending at the 2022 Australian Open.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
Main Draw
Qualifying Draw
2002 French Open – Men's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Men's Singles
French Open by year – Men's singles |
5392592 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbot%20of%20Rievaulx | Abbot of Rievaulx | The Abbot of Rievaulx was the head of the Cistercian monastic community of Rievaulx Abbey, founded in 1131 by Walter l'Espec in North Yorkshire, northern England. The Abbots of Rievaulx were amongst the most powerful Christian leaders in northern England until the dissolution of the monastery by Henry VIII of England in 1538.
List of Abbots of Rievaulx
William I, 1131, died 1145
Maurice, 1145
Waltheof
Ailred, 1147, 1160, 1164, died 1167
Sylvanus, occurs 1170 (previously Abbot of Dundrennan)
Ernald, 1192, resigned 1199 (previously Abbot of Melrose)
William Punchard, occurs 1201–2, died 1203
Geoffrey (or perhaps Godfrey), 1204
Warin, occurs 1208, died 1211
Helyas, resigned 1215
Henry, 1215, died 1216
William III (William de Courcy), 1216, died 1223
Roger, 1224 to 1235, resigned 1239
Leonias, 1239, died 1240
Adam de Tilletai, 1240–60.
Thomas Stangrief, occurs 1268
William IV (de Ellerbeck), 1268–75
William Daneby, 1275–85
Thomas I, 1286–91
Henry II, 1301
Robert, 1303
Peter, 1307
Henry, occurs 1307
Thomas II, 1315
Richard, occurs 3 June 1317
William VI, 1318
William de Inggleby, occurs 1322
John I, 1327
William VIII (de Langton), 1332–4
Richard, 1349
John II, occurs 1363
William IX, 1369–80
John III, occurs 1380
William X, 1409
John IV, occurs 1417
William (XI) Brymley, 1419
Henry (III) Burton, 1423–29
William (XII) Spenser, 1436–49
John (V) Inkeley, 1449
William (XIII) Spenser, 1471, 1487
John (VI) Burton, 1489–1510
William (XIV) Helmesley, 1513–28
Edward Kirkby, 1530–1533
Rowland Blyton 1533–8
References
Notes
Sources
Chartulary of Rievaulx,ed J.C.Jackson, Surtees Society, 1887
Chronicle of Melrose, Bannatyne Club, 1835
External links
"Houses of Cistercian monks: Rievaulx", in A History of the County of York, Volume 3 (1974), pp. 149–53.
URL: URL: Date accessed: 2 June 2006 |
5392594 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Der%20junge%20Lord | Der junge Lord | Der junge Lord (The Young Lord) is an opera in two acts by Hans Werner Henze to a German libretto by Ingeborg Bachmann, after Wilhelm Hauff's 1827 fairy tale "Der Affe als Mensch" (The Ape as Man) from Der Scheik von Alessandria und seine Sklaven (The Sheik of Alexandria and his Slaves).
The style and plot owe much to Italian opera buffa, with the influence of Vincenzo Bellini and Gioachino Rossini noted. Andrew Porter has noted four distinct musical styles in the opera, corresponding to four different levels of characters:
"neo-classical" style, for the townspeople;
"neo-Straussian arioso", for Sir Edgar's entrance;
a "wilder, more erratic" style, for the traveling circus;
lyrical style, for Luise's love music.
Robert Henderson has commented on the Brechtian nature of Bachmann and Henze's treatment of the story.
Performance history
The opera was commissioned by the Deutsche Oper Berlin, and was first performed there on 7 April 1965. The production was by Rudolf Sellner, and the conductor was Christoph von Dohnányi.
Roles
Synopsis
The opera is in two acts of three scenes each, linked by interludes.
Sir Edgar, an English gentleman and scientist, visits a small German town with a vast entourage, including black slaves and a large collection of animals. The townspeople are curious about the new personage in their town, but Sir Edgar is initially aloof to the townsfolk. Through his secretary, Sir Edgar declines all invitations to social events, and the townspeople become angry at this attitude. In scene 2 of act 1, the Baroness Grünwiesel hosts a tea and expects Sir Edgar to attend, but he does not, via a note from his Moor servant. The Baroness promises revenge on Sir Edgar for this slight. In scene 3, a traveling circus sets up their show in front of Sir Edgar's residence. Sir Edgar leaves his house for the first time since his arrival, and enjoys the circus performance. However, when city officials try to talk with Sir Edgar, he again refuses. The city officials then shut the circus down, but Sir Edgar invites the circus troupe into his mansion.
At the start of act 2, several months have elapsed. A lamplighter hears screams and groans from Sir Edgar's mansion. He reports this to the town mayor, who demands an explanation from Sir Edgar. Sir Edgar's secretary explains that the noises are from Lord Barrat, Sir Edgar's nephew (the 'young lord' of the title), who has arrived recently in Germany and is learning German, but is making mistakes and is punished with lashings. However, the prospect of a pending social event at Sir Edgar's mansion becomes evident. This is fulfilled in scene 2 of act 2, where Lord Barrat is presented to the townspeople at a social event at Sir Edgar's mansion. Lord Barrat behaves eccentrically, but the townsfolk are charmed and begin to imitate his actions. Luise, the ward of the local baroness, had previously been in love with Wilhelm, a student, but now has become enamoured of the 'young lord'. Finally, in the climactic dance, Lord Barrat's attire falls from him, and he is revealed as a trained ape.
Recording
Deutsche Grammophon 445 248-2 (CD reissue); Edith Mathis, Bella Jasper, Vera Little, Donald Grobe, Barry McDaniel, Patricia Johnson, Loren Driscoll, Manfred Röhrl, Günther Treptow; Schöneberger Sängerknaben; chorus and orchestra of the Deutsche Oper Berlin; Christoph von Dohnányi, conductor
References
Operas
German-language operas
Operas by Hans Werner Henze
1965 operas
Operas set in Germany
Operas based on fairy tales
Adaptations of works by Wilhelm Hauff |
5392605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dorota%20K%C4%99dzierzawska | Dorota Kędzierzawska | Dorota Kędzierzawska (; born 1 June 1957) is a Polish director of feature and documentary films.
Kędzierzawska was born in Łódź. She graduated from the National Film School in Łódź in 1981 but prior to that had completed a course in cultural studies at the University of Łódź and studied film directing in Moscow for two years.
Kędzierzawska is the director of several acclaimed films, such as Crows, Nothing, I Am, and Devils, Devils. In her films she concentrates on the experiences of disadvantaged children who contend with a difficult financial situation, rejection by adults, or both. Her characters are usually women, hopelessly fighting for the love of their men. Her most recent film, Time to Die (Pora Umierać, 2007), is a powerful black-and-white depiction of the daily life of an old woman named Aniela, played by Polish screen and stage legend Danuta Szaflarska.
Dorota Kędzierzawska directed the following movies:
Another World (2012)
Tomorrow Will Be Better (2011)
Time to Die (2007)
I Am (2005)
Nic (1998)
Wrony (1994, aka Crows)
Diabły, diabły (1991, screened for the 30th International Critics' Week of Cannes)
Koniec Świata (1998, TV Movie)
Gucia (1985, Short film)
Początek (1983, Short documentary)
Jajko (1982, Short film)
Agnieszka'' (1980, Short film)
References
External links
Dorota Kędzierzawska at the Filmpolski.pl
1957 births
Polish women film directors
Living people
Film people from Łódź
Łódź Film School alumni
Polish film directors
Polish women screenwriters |
5392611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bright%20Yellow%20Gun | Bright Yellow Gun | "Bright Yellow Gun" is the only single by Throwing Muses from their 1995 album University. An accompanying video was also made directed by Kevin Kerslake.
Track listing
All songs written by Kristin Hersh except where noted.
Personnel
Throwing Muses
Kristin Hersh – Lead vocals, guitar
Bernard Georges – Bass
David Narcizo – Drums
Production
Art Direction, Design – Vaughan Oliver
Co-producer, Engineer – Phill Brown (tracks: 1, 3, 4)
Design [Assistant] – Stine Schyberg
Engineer, Mixed By – Trina Shoemaker
References
1994 singles
4AD singles
1994 songs
Music videos directed by Kevin Kerslake
Throwing Muses songs |
5392613 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smolninskoye%20Municipal%20Okrug | Smolninskoye Municipal Okrug | Smolninskoye Municipal Okrug () is a municipal okrug of Tsentralny District of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. Population:
The okrug borders the Neva River in the north and in the east, Nevsky Avenue in the south, Chernyshevskogo Avenue and Vosstaniya Street in the west.
Places of interest include the Oktyabrsky Concert Hall, Smolny Institute, Smolny Convent, Suvorov Museum, and Tauride Palace.
References
Tsentralny District, Saint Petersburg |
5392622 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man%20or%20Mouse | Man or Mouse | "Man or Mouse" is a song by the Swedish punk rock band Millencolin from the album Home from Home. It was released as a single on 30 September 2002 by Burning Heart Records, including two B-sides from the album's recording sessions, "Bull By the Horns" and "Into the Maze". The single is an enhanced CD, with the data portion containing the music videos for "Man or Mouse" and "Kemp".
Track listing
"Man or Mouse"
"Bull By the Horns"
"Into the Maze"
The data portion of the enhanced CD includes the music videos for "Man or Mouse" and "Kemp" in MPEG format.
Personnel
Millencolin
Nikola Sarcevic - lead vocals, bass
Erik Ohlsson - guitar
Mathias Färm - guitar
Fredrik Larzon - drums
Millencolin songs
2002 singles
2002 songs
Burning Heart Records singles
Songs written by Mathias Färm
Songs written by Nikola Šarčević
Songs written by Fredrik Larzon
Songs written by Erik Ohlsson (musician) |
5392630 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20Potter%20%28judge%29 | Mark Potter (judge) | Sir Mark Howard Potter PC QC (born 27 August 1937) is a retired English judge who was President of the Family Division and Head of Family Justice for England and Wales from 2005 to 2010.
Now retired, he remains a Fellow of King's College London.
Education
A son of Professor Harold Potter, an academic lawyer, Potter attended The Perse School, Cambridge, and then read law at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge. He is now an Honorary Fellow of Caius.
Legal career
Potter was called to the bar in 1961 and practised in commercial law in the chambers of Alan Orr QC then at 2, Crown Office Row, later relocated to become Fountain Court Chambers. He took silk in 1980.
From 1988 to 1996 he was a Judge of the High Court of Justice, Queen's Bench Division and from 1991 to 1994 he was a Presiding Judge on the Northern Circuit. Potter was appointed a Lord Justice of Appeal in 1996 and became President of the Family Division in April 2005. Throughout his judicial career, Potter sat on various committees overseeing the direction of the Bar. He was Chairman of the Lord Chancellor's Advisory Committee on Legal Education and Conduct (1998–1999) and Chairman of the Legal Services Consultative Panel.
Potter was elected Treasurer of Gray's Inn for the year 2004/05.
Potter retired as a judge of the Court of Appeal, President of the High Court Family Division and President of the Court of Protection in April 2010. He returned to the field of commercial Law as an arbitrator at Fountain Court chambers, with appointments in areas such as insurance, international share purchase agreements including Bermuda form and energy disputes.
Cases and administration
In July 2006, Potter ruled against Celia Kitzinger and Sue Wilkinson, a lesbian couple who had married in Canada, in their case to have their same-sex partnership recognised as marriage under English law.
Potter held that, in withholding from same-sex partnerships the title and status of marriage, Parliament had not interfered with or failed to recognise the right of same-sex couples to respect for their private or family life; nor had it discriminated against same-sex couples in declining to alter the deep-rooted and almost universal recognition of marriage as a union between a man and woman. He granted permission to appeal; but no appeal was brought.
In 2009, following a government consultation on increasing transparency in the family courts system, Potter presided over the implementation of new rules allowing media access to family proceedings, hitherto private and confidential, subject to certain restrictions.
Life
Potter is a Trustee of Somerset House in London, and also of Great Ormond Street Hospital for children. He is married and has two sons.
References
External links
Do the Media Influence the Judiciary? Policy Brief by Sir Mark Potter for the Foundation for Law, Justice and Society, Oxford
Presidents of the Family Division
Living people
1937 births
People educated at The Perse School
Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
British Queen's Counsel
Fellows of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
Fellows of King's College London
Knights Bachelor
Lords Justices of Appeal
Queen's Bench Division judges
Queen's Counsel 1901–2000
Members of Gray's Inn
Members of the Privy Council of the United Kingdom |
5392665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Halterman | Frederick Halterman | Frederick Halterman (October 22, 1831March 22, 1907) was a German-American politician who served as a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives for Pennsylvania's 3rd congressional district from 1895 to 1897.
Biography
Halterman was born on October 22, 1831, to John and Meta Halterman in Vegesack on the Weser, part of the old Hanse town of Bremen in the German Confederation. He immigrated to the United States and settled in Philadelphia in September 1849. He worked in a grocery store for four years then opened his own store. He operated a successful merchant business in the Northern Liberties neighborhood for thirty-eight years and retired in 1891. He served as a School Director from 1872 to 1881. He was elected a member of the select council in 1880 for a term of three years.
He was nominated as the Republican nominee for Congress and was supported by the reformer Rudolph Blankenburg. He was elected in 1894 as a Republican to the 54th Congress (March 4, 1895 – March 3, 1897). While his support came mainly from German immigrants, he appealed to other voters through his support of a protective tariffs against imported goods. His victory was part of a Republican resurgence in Philadelphia and throughout Pennsylvania. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1896. He was elected president of the twelfth sectional school board of Philadelphia, PA in 1898 and served until his death in Philadelphia. He was interred at Laurel Hill Cemetery in Philadelphia.
Sources
1831 births
1907 deaths
19th-century American politicians
American grocers
Burials at Laurel Hill Cemetery (Philadelphia)
German emigrants to the United States
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Dutch people
Pennsylvania Republicans
Philadelphia City Council members
Politicians from Bremen
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives |
5392666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chacon | Chacon | Chacon may refer to:
Chacón a Spanish surname
Chacon Creek, a small stream of water located in Webb County, Texas which runs through Laredo, Texas
Arzobispo Chacón Municipality in Venezuela
Chacon, New Mexico a town in the US State of New Mexico
Chacon (1912), a historic fishing vessel in Chugiak Alaska
Chacon (1918), a ship lost at sea in 1937
Cape Chacon a body of water on the North coast of Etolin Island near Wrangell, Alaska
Carlos de Chacón y Michelena first governor of Bioko an island in Equatorial Guinea
Captain Trudy Chacon a fictional character in Avatar portrayed by Michelle Rodriguez |
5392674 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coop%20amba | Coop amba | Coop amba, formerly FDB (short for Danish Consumers Cooperative Society, in English) is a cooperative based in Denmark. The coop has 1.7 million members and three subsidiaries. The Coop Danmark subsidiary operates the retail store chains of Kvickly, Brugsen, SuperBrugsen, Dagli'Brugsen, LokalBrugsen, Fakta, Coop 365 and Irma supermarkets as well as the furniture company FDB Møbler. The last two subsidiaries comprise Coop Bank and Coop Invest.
History
An association of cooperatives formed in Zealand in 1884 was first named the Fællesforeningen for Danmarks Brugsforeninger, but the present FDB was founded in 1896 from a merger between that association and the cooperative association for Jutland. In 1897, it began forming its own factories and brands, some of which like Cirkel-brand coffee continue to be successful although most were shuttered in the 1980s and 1990s. In 1918, it helped form the NAF (, "Nordic Coop Federation") which later became Coop Norden AB. In 1952, it opened the first viable supermarket in the Faroes at Thorshavn.
FDB originally focused on manufacturing and wholesaling, branding its retail operations simply "Brugsen" ("Coop"). In 1961, it opened the Kvickly chain in Aalborg, which sold clothes and hardware in addition to food. It merged with the large Hovedstadens Brugsforening supermarket chain in 1971 and opened the discount OBS! chain in 1972 at Høje Tåstrup. By the 1980s, the company began shuttering its factories and focusing more on retail operations. It purchased Irma in 1982 and Fakta in 1987. Between 1991 and 1995, it rebranded its own stores as the SuperBrugsen supermarkets, the Dagli'Brugsen local markets, and the LokalBrugsen convenience stores.
All of these outlets were placed under Coop Danmark in 2001 in preparation for the 2002 union of its operations with those of Norway's NKL and Sweden's KF as Coop Norden. FDB held a 38% stake in the new unitary company, but its poor performance caused the parent companies to redivide its operations by 2008. FDB continued to organize its retailers under the Coop Denmark heading, and in January 2013, FDB changed its name to Coop.
Subsidiaries
Coop amba wholly owns the three subsidiaries of Coop Danmark, Coop Invest and Coop Bank. Coop Invest owns Republica A/S, an advertising company focused on retail sales, and Severin A/S, a training center first built in 1932.
Coop Danmark
Coop Danmark is the second-biggest retailer of consumer goods in Denmark, with a market share of 40% and 1.4 million members. Its main competitors are the dominant Salling Group (covering Netto, Føtex and Bilka), REMA 1000, Dagrofa (covering SPAR, Meny and Kiwi) and Lidl. With around 1,200 supermarkets, discount stores and hypermarkets in Denmark, Coop Danmark operates the following stores: Kvickly, Brugsen, SuperBrugsen, Dagli'Brugsen, LokalBrugsen, Fakta, Irma. Coop Danmark and its subsidiaries have more than 36,000 employees and post a yearly turnover of 50 billion DKK.
In April 2017, Coop Danmark launched a digital crowdfunding platform in cooperation with Lendino. Major projects includes the development of environmentally friendly cattle feeding with a budget of 2.5 million DKK, an apple orchard on Fejø for 660.000 DKK, and a whiskey distillery on Ærø.
Irma supermarkets
Irma, a supermarket chain now operated by Coop Danmark, was founded in 1886 by Carl Schepler as a small grocery store selling eggs in Ravnsborggade in Nørrebro, Copenhagen. The chain is the second oldest groceries chain in the world, after Marks & Spencer. As of 2015, the chain had 80 stores, mostly located in the Metropolitan Copenhagen area.
Irma is quality-oriented mainly aiming for quality-conscious and environment-aware customers by focusing on fresh and organic products as well as packaging. Therefore, the stores have a great variety of organic products compared to other Danish supermarket, and packaging containing PVC and excessive amounts of aluminium are banned from the shelves. The same goes for chlorine-bleached products. Irma banned battery cage eggs in 1994, 8 years before it was banned by the European Union.
In 2007, Irma set a world record with 29,9 of its total sales being organic food. Irma has a goal of having organic products accounting for half of its total food sales before 2025.
In 2015, Irma was named the most sustainable brand in Denmark, a title which parent company Coop won in 2016.
Starting in 2001 Irma began operating an express version of the store, known as Irma City. These stores were smaller than the normal Irma, with longer opening hours and a range of organic take away food. In 2015, it was announced that Irma City stores would be replaced by the new concept Lille Irma (Little Irma), where the customers would have a say in the selection of goods available in the stores. The Lille Irma concept is planned to have fully replaced Irma City by the end of 2017.
In April 2008, Irma took over the grocery departments Mad & Vin (Food and Wine) of department store chain Magasin du Nord in the stores in both Odense and Aarhus. The projects failed and the stores closed in 2012.
Brugsen
Brugsen was originally the nondescript brand name of Coop amba's retail outlets in Denmark. After opening a series of branded stores starting in 1961 and deciding to focus on its retail operations in the 1980s, Coop began shuttering factories and spun off its larger Brugsen stores as SuperBrugsen in 1991 and its smaller ones as Dagli'Brugsen the next year. In 1995, the smallest convenience stores were organized as LokalBrugsen.
After a failed attempt to merge their operations with Norway's Coop Norge (NKL) and Sweden's Kooperativa Förbundet (KF) as Coop Norden in 2002, Coop amba regained sole ownership of the group's Danish operations, Coop Danmark, in 2008. Coop Denmark continues to operate the SuperBrugsen, Dagli'Brugsen, and LokalBrugsen chains as separate divisions of its operations.
Since 2016, Coop has re-branded four of the existing Coop stores to Brugsen once again, including a flagship store inside the hall of Copenhagen Central Station.
Kvickly
Kvickly was in the beginning a Swedish food market chain owned by the 'consumers organization' ('Konsumentföreningen') in Sweden. The first store opened in the 1950s in the Stockholm area. The company name was changed to Domus in Sweden in the late 1960s/early 1970s when the stores became superstores selling more than food.
The first Kvickly store was opened by FDB in Denmark in 1961. In Denmark, the sister chain remains Kvickly, which has a large selection of items, and were in 2010 named by the Danish Ministry of Health as the easiest place in Denmark to buy healthy food. Headquartered in Albertslund, there are 81 Kvickly stores.
Fakta
Fakta, a chain of discount stores, was founded in 1981 as Dansk Discount A/S, with the current name being adopted in 1982. Six years later, the chain became a part of what is now Coop Danmark. In May 2011, Fakta had 374 stores with around 6000 employees. They also operate stores located at more central urban places, called Fakta Q, which sell food, primarily convenience food. These stores will, however, be replaced by regular Fakta stores as the Fakta Q concept being discontinued in 2017. Fakta's slogan is "Det er Fakta" ("It's a fact" or "It's Fakta"). The old slogan "Det er sund fornuft" ("It's common sense"), however, does still exist, as it is printed on products sold under Faktas' own name. Since the new century their slogan has been: "det tager kun 5 min" ("it only takes 5mins").
In 2013, Fakta opened its first two stores in Germany, just south of the Danish border.
See also
List of cooperatives
References
External links
Coop Danmark, which operates Kvickly, Irma supermarkets, Fakta (Fakta Q and Fakta Germany), and Brugsen (SuperBrugsen and DagliBrugsen)
Coop Danmark
Cooperatives in Denmark
Supermarkets of Denmark
Retail companies established in 1896
Danish companies established in 1896
Danish brands
Consumers' cooperatives
Companies based in Albertslund Municipality |
5392679 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20at%20the%202003%20Summer%20Universiade | Swimming at the 2003 Summer Universiade | The swimming competition during the 2003 Summer Universiade, also known as the XXII Summer Universiade, took place in Daegu, South Korea from August 24 till August 30, 2003.
Men's events
Women's events
Medal table
References
Schedule and results of swimming events at the XXII Summer Universiade
SwimNews
Swimming at the Summer Universiade
Universiade
2003 Summer Universiade |
5392685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ligovka-Yamskaya%20Municipal%20Okrug | Ligovka-Yamskaya Municipal Okrug | Ligovka-Yamskaya Municipal Okrug () is a municipal okrug in Tsentralny District, one of the eighty-one low-level municipal divisions of the federal city of St. Petersburg, Russia. As of the 2010 Census, its population was 16,825, up from 14,740 recorded during the 2002 Census.
Geography
The municipal okrug borders Nevsky Avenue in the north, the Neva River in the east, Obvodny Canal in the south, and Ligovsky Avenue in the west.
Architecture
Places of interest include the Moskovsky railway terminal and Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
References
Notes
Sources
Tsentralny District, Saint Petersburg |
5392694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Harper%20%28actor%29 | James Harper (actor) | James Harper (born October 8, 1948) is an American actor. He has been in movies and guest-starred on television shows including Frasier, Matlock, NYPD Blue, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, and JAG. He also played the role of Admiral Kelso in the 1998 film Armageddon. In addition to acting, Harper has contributed his voice to several video games, most notably StarCraft as Arcturus Mengsk, Resistance: Fall of Man, and Diablo II. Harper reprised his role of Arcturus Mengsk in StarCraft II: Wings of Liberty and StarCraft II: Heart of the Swarm.
Harper portrayed Louisiana State Senator Willie Rainach in the 1989 film Blaze, with Paul Newman as Governor Earl Kemp Long.
References
External links
Moby Games Profile
James Harper's Facebook
1948 births
Male actors from California
American male film actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Juilliard School alumni
Living people
People from Bell, California |
5392713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raska%20Lukwiya | Raska Lukwiya | Raska Lukwiya (died August 12, 2006) was the third highest-ranking leader of the Lord's Resistance Army rebel group founded in northern Uganda. Believed to be a native of Uganda's northern Gulu District, Lukwiya served successively as Brigade General, Deputy Army Commander and Army Commander of the LRA, the last being the highest LRA rank after those held by Joseph Kony and Vincent Otti.
He was one of five LRA leaders for whom the International Criminal Court issued their first ever warrants in June 2005 and was charged with three counts: one of enslavement constituting a crime against humanity and one count each of cruel treatment and attacks on civilians constituting war crimes.
He was killed in fighting with the government Uganda People's Defence Force while peace negotiations brokered by the government of Southern Sudan were still underway.
References
Year of birth missing
2006 deaths
Lord's Resistance Army rebels
People indicted by the International Criminal Court
People indicted for crimes against humanity
People indicted for war crimes |
5392716 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Star%20Spangles | The Star Spangles | The Star Spangles are a four-piece punk band from Manhattan, led by vocalist Ian Wilson. Formed in 1998, they released a single on Spain's Muenster Records in 2000 followed by an album called Bazooka!!! in 2003, which includes the single "Which of the Two of Us is Gonna Burn This House Down?".
After a falling-out with Capitol Records, followed by a line-up change in 2006; the Spangles released their follow up album, Dirty Bomb, in 2007.
The group dissolved in early 2008, but started playing live again in 2015.
Members
The Star Spangles are:
Ian Wilson – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Tommy Volume – lead guitar, backing vocals
Joey Valentine – drums, backing vocals
The line-up was:
Ian Wilson – lead vocals, rhythm guitar
Nick Price – bass, backing vocals
Joey Valentine – drums, backing vocals
Tommy Volume – Lead guitar, backing vocals
Albums
Bazooka!!!
Release Date: December 10, 2003
UK Chart:
Produced by
CD ():
"I Live for the Speed"
"Which of the Two of Us is Gonna Burn This House Down?"
"Angela"
"I Don't Wanna Be Crazy Anymore"
"Stay Away from Me"
"I'll Get Her Back"
"L.A."
"Science Fiction/Science Fact"
"If We Can't Be Lovers"
"In Love Again"
"Crime of the Century"
"Stain Glass Shoes"
"The Party"
Dirty Bomb
Release Date: 2007
Produced by
CD (TR001):
"Take Care Of Us"
"Tear It To Pieces Girl"
"Make Yourself Useful, Babe"
"This Side Of The Sun"
"Gangland"
"I'm On A High"
"Gimme An Answer"
"Tell Lies"
"'Nother Weight To Hold Me Down"
"Revolver"
"I Told A Lie"
"Bash Your Brains Out"
"Someone In You"
Singles
The Star Spangles
Release Date: 2000
UK Chart: N/A
Notes: These are earlier, different recordings from those on Bazooka!!!
7" (7137):
"I Can't Be With You"
"Get You Back"
"The Party"
"Science Fiction/Science Fact"
Which Of The Two Of Us Is Gonna Burn This House Down?
Release Date: 2002
UK Chart: 98
7" (R6593):
"Which Of The Two Of Us Is Gonna Burn This House Down?"
"Stain Glass Shoes"
Stay Away From Me
Release Date: 2003
UK Chart: 52
7" (R6604):
"Stay Away From Me"
"The Sins Of A Family Fall On The Daughter"
CD ():
"Stay Away From Me"
"The Sins Of A Family Fall On The Daughter"
I Live For Speed
Release Date: 2003
UK Chart: 60
7" (R6609):
"I Live For Speed"
"I Feel So Good"
CD ():
"I Live For Speed"
"I Feel So Good"
References
External links
The Star Spangles' MySpace page
The Independent
Nypress.com
stereogum song 19
Popmatters
Village Voice
CMJ (Christian Music Journal)
Dallas Observer
site
Musical groups established in 2001
Punk rock groups from New York (state)
Capitol Records artists |
5392722 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LiveAndWell.com | LiveAndWell.com | LiveAndWell.com is a 1999 limited edition live album by David Bowie. It was not available commercially and could only be acquired by being subscribed to BowieNet at the time. The album is made up of recordings from the 1997 Earthling Tour, featuring songs from the albums 1. Outside (1995) and Earthling (1997)
In late 2020, it was announced that the album would be released publicly for the first time on 15 January 2021.
Background
Following the successful Earthling Tour, Bowie, Reeves Gabrels and Mark Plati mixed a live album, intending it for a commercial release. However, Virgin, Bowie's label at the time, scrapped the release when it was submitted to them in late 1998. During the mixing of this live album, Bowie and the band also recorded "Fun" and a cover of Bob Dylan's "Tryin' to Get to Heaven". Some of these live tracks, as well as a remix of the song "Fun", were then released to subscribers of BowieNet as downloads before being released as the album LiveAndWell.com. The cover of "Tryin' to Get to Heaven" was played once on a Spanish radio station and was unavailable for over 20 years until its release in early 2021. "Fun" remained unreleased for over 20 years until it was included on Is It Any Wonder? (EP) (2020).
The track listing for the release contains an error according to Bowie biographer Nicholas Pegg: "The Hearts Filthy Lesson", while being listed as being recorded in 1997's Phoenix Festival, is in fact from the Phoenix Festival the year prior.
Releases
A second release of the CD in 2000 came with a bonus disc made up of four rare remixes, which has not been re-released since. The album was digitally reissued on 15 May 2020 without this second CD of songs, although the "Fun" remix was released as a separate digital download on its own. The digital re-issue included two tracks recorded from the Earthling Tour when Bowie's band performed under the pseudonym "Tao Jones Index".
In January 2021, LiveAndWell.com was re-released on vinyl and CD, again without the 2nd CD of remixes as part of the 6-album set Brilliant Live Adventures.
Reviews
Pegg calls the album a "beautifully mixed and hugely impressive memento of Bowie's mid-1990s live experience".
Track listing
Personnel
David Bowie – vocals, guitar, saxophone
Reeves Gabrels – guitar, vocals
Gail Ann Dorsey – bass, vocals, keyboards
Zack Alford – drums
Mike Garson – keyboards, synthesizer, piano
Live show sound engineers;
Michael Prowda – monitors
Steve Guest – FOH
References
David Bowie live albums
1999 live albums
1999 remix albums
Albums recorded at Radio City Music Hall
Albums produced by Reeves Gabrels
Albums produced by Mark Plati |
3999454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201920%20Summer%20Olympics | Canada at the 1920 Summer Olympics | Canada competed at the 1920 Summer Olympics in Antwerp, Belgium. 52 competitors, all men, took part in 38 events in 9 sports. These games marked the introduction of winter sports to the Olympic program (competed in April 1920); Canada won its first gold medal for ice hockey.
Medalists
Gold
Winnipeg Falcons (Robert Benson, Walter Byron, Frank Fredrickson, Chris Fridfinnson, Magnus Goodman, Haldor Halderson, Konrad Johannesson, Allan Woodman) — Ice Hockey, Men's competition
Earl Thomson — Athletics, Men's 110 m Hurdles
Bert Schneider — Boxing, Men's Welterweight
Silver
Clifford Graham — Boxing, Men's Bantamweight
Georges Prud'Homme — Boxing, Men's Middleweight
George Vernot — Swimming, Men's 1500 m Freestyle
Bronze
Clarence Newton — Boxing, Men's Lightweight
Moe Herscovitch — Boxing, Men's Middleweight
George Vernot — Swimming, Men's 400 m Freestyle
Aquatics
Diving
A single diver represented Canada in 1920. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. Flint competed in all three of the men's events, but did not reach the final in any.
Men
Ranks given are within the semifinal group.
Swimming
Three swimmers, all male, represented Canada in 1920. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. Hodgson was unable to successfully defend his 1912 championships in the 400 and 1500 metre freestyle events, not even reaching the final in either; Vernot took a bronze and a silver in those events.
Ranks given are within the heat.
Men
Athletics
14 athletes represented Canada in 1920. It was the nation's fifth appearance in the sport, having competed in athletics every time the country competed at the Olympics. The best result for the team was Thomson's gold medal in the high hurdles, as Canada took a gold medal in athletics for the fifth straight Games.
Ranks given are within the heat.
Boxing
The Canadian Olympic Committee named W. A. Hewitt to its sub-committee for boxing to select who represented Canada at the Olympics, and had been credited with officiating hundreds of bouts as a boxing referee in Toronto. He oversaw travel arrangements for the national team to the remainder of the 1920 Summer Olympics which began in August. The boxers which he helped select won one gold, two silver, and two bronze medals for Canada.
Cycling
Five cyclists represented Canada in 1920. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. Macdonald's fifth-place finish in the 50 kilometres was the best result of the Games for the Canadian cyclists.
Road cycling
Track cycling
Ranks given are within the heat.
Ice hockey
The Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) chose the Winnipeg Falcons as the 1920 Allan Cup champions to represent the Canada men's national team in ice hockey at the 1920 Summer Olympics, instead of forming a national all-star team on short notice. W. A. Hewitt represented the Canadian Olympic Committee and oversaw finances for the Falcons, and reported on the Olympic Games for Canadian newspapers. He and his wife were a father and mother figure to the Falcons, and sailed with them aboard from Saint John to Liverpool, then onto Antwerp.
Hewitt introduced the CAHA rules of play to the Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur Glace (LIHG) at the Olympics. Writer Andrew Podnieks described Hewitt's interpretation of the rules as "competitive yet gentlemanly", and that the rules of play were accepted for Olympic hockey. Hewitt refereed the first Olympic hockey game played, an 8–0 win by the Sweden men's national team versus the Belgium men's national team, on April 23, 1920. The Falcons and the Hewitts returned home aboard from Le Havre to Quebec City. The Falcons honoured Hewitt and his wife at a private dinner and presented them with a silver cup inscribed with the number 13, for the number of people who made the trip to the Olympics and the team's lucky number.
Roster
Coach: Guðmundur Sigurjónsson
Gold medal quarterfinals
Gold medal semifinals
Gold medal game
Final rank Gold
Rowing
Five rowers represented Canada in 1920. It was the nation's fourth straight appearance in the sport. Canada sent one boat, in the coxed fours. It was unable to advance past the semifinals, taking third place in the three-boat heat.
Ranks given are within the heat.
Shooting
Seven shooters represented Canada in 1920. It was the nation's third appearance in the sport. For the second straight Games, the Canadian shooters were unable to earn any medals.
Wrestling
A single wrestler competed for Canada in 1920. It was the nation's second appearance in the sport.
Freestyle
References
Sources
External links
Nations at the 1920 Summer Olympics
1920
Olympics |
5392728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wentworth%20Military%20Academy%20and%20College | Wentworth Military Academy and College | Wentworth Military Academy and College was a private two-year military college and high school in Lexington, Missouri. Wentworth was one of six total military junior colleges in the United States. The institution was founded in 1880 and closed in 2017.
History
Background
Lexington's Civil War Battle of the Hemp Bales was still a recent memory when Stephen G. Wentworth founded Wentworth Military Academy in 1880. By the 1870s, the town had already attained the reputation as the "Athens of the West" for its many academic institutions. Lexington was home to three notable schools for girls. Lexington Baptist Female College was started in 1850 in the old county courthouse that had been abandoned upon the construction of the new Lafayette County Courthouse, built in 1847 and still in use today. In 1869 the Baptist Female College moved its operation to the former home of Pony Express Founder William B. Waddell at the corner of 13th and South Streets. Elizabeth Aull Seminary was opened in the fall of 1860 and operated in a large building on Highland Avenue. Central Female College, later Central College for Women, began in 1868 and, in 1871, took over the old Masonic College on the grounds of the Battlefield. However, Lexington's educators, business leaders and ministers had made numerous attempts to establish a school for boys and young men. Public schools were not yet widespread and there was a glaring need for a boys' school, but none had been successful. The most visible failed effort was the Masonic College of Missouri, which moved to Lexington in 1847 and operated until 1859.
Wentworth Male Academy
On May 12, 1879, Wentworth's 27-year-old son William died. As a memorial, Wentworth focused his attention on finally making a school for boys a reality in Lexington. In the spring of 1880, Mr. Wentworth announced that a new school named Wentworth Male Academy would begin operation in the fall. Mr. Wentworth had a long record of public service to Lexington. A local editorial writer proclaimed that Wentworth was "One of our oldest, most generous and most worthy citizens" and "no nobler name can this community furnish [the new school]. " On May 24, 1880, Mr. Wentworth bought the "New Presbyterian Church" at the southwest corner of 18th and Main Streets, directed that it be fitted up for the next term, and gave the school solid financial backing. Although his financial involvement was limited to the Academy's early years of operation, his foresight led to the establishment of the first board of trustees and his generosity provided a firm foundation for the school.
Wentworth also announced that 22-year-old Benjamin Lewis Hobson, the son of the local Presbyterian minister who had run a fledgling private boys’ school in town the previous year, would be given charge of W.M.A. Young Hobson had graduated from Centre College in Danville, Kentucky, with a degree of Bachelor of Arts in 1877, and had spent the next two years as teacher and then principal of Spencer Institute in Taylorsville, Kentucky. In the summer of 1879, he had returned to his hometown of Lexington and started Hobson's Select School for Boys.
Benjamin Hobson knew that he could not operate the new school alone, and he turned to Sandford Sellers, a 26-year-old friend and former classmate at Centre College in Kentucky. Sellers eagerly accepted Hobson's invitation to join him as co-principal at Wentworth Male Academy. When Hobson left to pursue a career in the ministry at the end of the 1880–81 school year, Sellers took full charge of the academy.
Wentworth Military Academy
Sandford Sellers became the force who forged Wentworth's national reputation, and his hand would guide the school for the next 58 years. In the early days, he handled all the institution's administrative affairs, academic planning, and student recruitment on his own, canvassing surrounding areas on horseback. In 1882, Wentworth became a military school, and Sellers hired Captain David W. Fleet, a graduate of Virginia Military Institute, as the first Commandant. Fleet brought VMI terms such as "rats", "rears", and "Old Boys" to the school. The school officially changed its name to Wentworth Military Academy in 1890.
Sellers' skills as educator, administrator, businessman, and promoter saw the institution through its first half-century of growth, and his vision remained throughout the history of the school. He led Wentworth through economic panics of the 1890s, when he struggled to keep enrollment above 100, and through the boom times of World War I, when enrollment more than doubled to over 500 cadets. He also oversaw the addition of the junior college in 1923.
During much of the 20th century, the annual football game with rival Kemper Military School and College in Boonville, Missouri was a huge event on Thanksgiving Day, with both corps of cadets boarding trains and either meeting on their home fields, or sometimes meeting on a neutral field in Sedalia or Marshall, Missouri. The Kansas City and St. Louis newspapers referred to the gridiron battle as the "Little Army-Navy Game", and gave front-page coverage to the outcome. This rivalry ended with the 2002 closure of Kemper.
By the mid-1920s, Sandford Sellers, handed over much of the day-to-day operations of the school to his sons, Sandford Sellers, Jr., superintendent from 1923 to 1933, and James M. Sellers, Commandant and Assistant Superintendent. But Sandford Sellers stayed very involved until his death in 1938 after a fall in the school gymnasium.
From the Great Depression to post-World War II prosperity
When the Great Depression of the 1930s hit the country, Wentworth, like many institutions across the country, struggled to survive. In 1933, Colonel James M. Sellers assumed the superintendency of the school and was soon joined at the helm by Colonel Lester B. Wikoff, treasurer and business manager. Together, Sellers’ natural leadership and Wikoff's business acumen would lead the school to new heights. Colonel Sellers and Colonel Wikoff guided the school through the lean years of the 1930s and into the prosperity of the 1940s, 1950s and 1960s. During their term of leadership, Wentworth added a number of buildings to the campus, including the Sellers-Wikoff Scholastic Building, the Memorial Chapel, Sandford Sellers Hall, and the Wikoff Field House. In addition, a unique military aviator training program complete with its own airport was launched to train pilots. A highlight of the Sellers-Wikoff era was President Harry S. Truman's speech to the cadet corps at Wentworth's 75th anniversary celebration in 1954.
In 1960, Sellers retired as superintendent but remained as president of the school, and Wikoff served as superintendent from 1960 to 1971. During that time, Wentworth had unparalleled enrollment, averaging over 550 students a year. Under Wikoff's leadership, the Wikoff Field House opened in 1966, including three basketball courts, a Laykold-type indoor track, a racquetball court, a weight room, a wrestling room, and a pool. Among the signature programs that Wentworth offered from 1966 until its closing was the Army's two-year Early Commissioning Program, an Army Reserve Officers Training Corps (ROTC) program through which qualified students can earn a commission as a Second Lieutenant after two years of college. Wentworth also participated in the Air Force Academy Falcon Foundation Scholarship program beginning in 1971 and continuing through 2016. Among the first class of Falcon Scholars at Wentworth was General Mark A. Welsh who would go on to be 20th Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force.
Continuity and change in the post-Vietnam era
In 1973, a third generation of the Sellers family assumed leadership of the Academy when Colonel James M. Sellers, Jr., a 1945 Wentworth graduate, was named as superintendent. In the early 1970s, the school was again faced with crisis. Anti-military backlash from the country's continued involvement in the Vietnam War, combined with double-digit inflation, caused enrollment to plummet. Many military schools across the country simply closed their doors. Wentworth was dealt an additional blow when, in 1975, a fire destroyed two buildings and severely damaged others, causing the loss of over of space.
Despite these setbacks, Colonel J. M. Sellers, Jr., was able to stabilize enrollment by 1978 and lead the academy through another period of growth. In 1980, Wentworth celebrated its centennial year, with Vice-President Walter Mondale addressing the corps of cadets at commencement. In the early 1980s, enrollment continued to rise, peaking at over 400 cadets in 1984. In 1990, Colonel Sellers, Sr., who taught Latin until he was 95 years old, died, and Colonel Sellers, Jr., resigned as superintendent, ending a remarkable 110 years of the Sellers family's continuous involvement in the active operation of the academy.
Last years
In the 1990s, Wentworth struggled with enrollment. As part of a new approach, female cadets were admitted for the first time in 1993, and soon made up about twenty-five percent of the corps. The Wentworth Foundation was created in an attempt to build stronger financial footing. In 2002, Major General John H. Little, Wentworth Class of 1961, returned to campus as superintendent. Under his stewardship, Tillotson barracks was constructed.
Closure and auction of assets
On April 7, 2017, the Board of Trustees announced that Wentworth Military Academy & College would be closed, with final commencement to occur on May 13, 2017 and the official date of closure set for May 31, 2017. An email was sent out to all alumni and employees, parents and cadets were informed. The announcement cited declining enrollment, an aging campus, and a lack of financial support for continued operations. Plans were announced to settle the school's debts, allow students and staff to seek enrollment and employment elsewhere. The 43 acre campus and buildings were sold to Jubilee University (a Christian based music boarding school) which has since maintained the facilities for their ongoing instructional operations. Also sold were the monuments honoring 130 years of valor and achievement, which were sold to the highest bidder by Oldham Auctions of Bates City MO. Many unique pieces of Wentworth's history were purchased at the auction by former cadet alumni, many of whom then donated it to the Wentworth Museum in downtown Lexington (WMAmuseum.org). Saved from the auction block for museum display were several large historic items, including the chapel's stained glass windows, and the actual WW1 "Doughboy" statue which stood in front of the campus since 1921 and every cadet traditionally saluted when they passed by it.
Academic accreditation
Wentworth's college was accredited by the Higher Learning Commission. The Higher Learning Commission placed Wentworth on probation in late 2015 "because of concerns related to integrity regarding the College's finances and resources to support its academic programs and operations." The high school was accredited by AdvancED, formerly the (North Central Association of Colleges and Schools).
Current status of the school and grounds
Following its closure in May 2017, the campus was put up for sale and purchased in June of 2020 by Jubilee University, a Christian music and performing arts organization based in St. Louis. They are currently in operation and plan to house as many as 600 students on the campus once COVID restrictions are reduced.
National Historic District
The Wentworth Military Academy was listed as a national historic district on the National Register of Historic Places in 1980. The district encompasses seven contributing buildings erected from approximately 1830 to 1920. They are Hickman Hall (1907), "D" Company (1884), The Administration Building (1865, 1895, 1905, 1938), The Student Union (1914, 1920, 1966), Marine Barracks (1918, 1928), Superintendent's Residence (1838, 1848) and Junior Barracks (1920).
Notable alumni
Politics
Ike Skelton (Class of 1951)– United States Congressman, 4th District of Missouri (1977–2011), Ranking Democrat and Chairman of the House Armed Services Committee (2007–2011).
Charles H. Price II – former United States Ambassador to Belgium (1981–1983) and United States Ambassador to the United Kingdom (1983–1989); appointed by President Ronald Reagan
Newell A. George – United States Congressman, 1959–1961
Arts
Robert Altman – Academy Award winning Director of classic films such as M*A*S*H (1970), McCabe & Mrs. Miller (1971), The Long Goodbye (1974), Nashville (1975), The Player (1992), Short Cuts (1993), Kansas City (1996), Dr. T & the Women (2000), Gosford Park (2001), The Company (2003), and A Prairie Home Companion (2006)
Marlin Perkins – world renowned zoologist and host of the television program Mutual of Omaha's Wild Kingdom
Arthur Schneider – four-time Emmy Award winning television editor
Business
James "Bud" Walton – Co-founder of Wal-Mart
David C. Pratt - CEO/Owner of Gander Mountain and minority owner of the St. Louis Cardinals baseball team
Eddie Chiles – Founder of the Western Company of North America and owner of the Texas Rangers baseball team
William C. Schwartz – Physicist, Laser pioneer, and founder of International Laser Systems
Journalism
Paul Henderson – reporter for The Seattle Times, winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Investigative Reporting in 1982
Lewis Hill – co-founder of Pacifica Radio, the first public radio station in the U.S.
Bill Corum – (Class of 1913)- sports columnist for the New York Journal-American, boxing, baseball and horse racing sportscaster, and president of Churchill Downs. Coined the term "Run for the Roses" to describe the Kentucky Derby.
Academia
Ovid R. Sellers – internationally known Old Testament scholar and archaeologist
Athletics
Beals Becker – Major League baseball player for the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Boston Doves, the New York Giants, the Cincinnati Reds, and the Philadelphia Phillies.
Med Park – NBA player for the St. Louis Hawks.
Harry Ice – MVP of 1942 Sugar Bowl, member of University of Missouri's all-century football team.
Ben A. Jones – Thoroughbred horse trainer, six-time winner of the Kentucky Derby.
George E. Rody – Captain of the first national championship basketball team at the University of Kansas,1922. Head basketball and baseball coach at Oklahoma State University, 1929–31. Head basketball coach at Tulane University, 1931–33.
Ahmed bin Salman – Owner of 2002 Kentucky Derby winner War Emblem. Saudi royal and former owner of Saudi Research and Marketing Group.
Military
George B. Turner – Medal of Honor recipient, World War II
William E. Adams (Class of 1959)- Medal of Honor recipient, Vietnam War
William M. Hoge (Class of 1912)– oversaw construction of the ALCAN Highway and directed capture of the Remagen Bridge in World War II
Mark A. Welsh (Class of 1972)– 20th Chief of Staff of the U.S. Air Force, 2012–2016
Melvin F. Chubb, Jr. (Class of 1951)– former Commander of Hanscom Air Force Base
LeRoy Lutes – Commanding General, Fourth United States Army, 1949–1952
Clarence L. Tinker (Class of 1908)– namesake of Tinker Air Force Base
Johnny R. Miller (Class of 1984)– Assistant Adjutant General of the Illinois Army National Guard
William W. Ashurst - Recipient of the Silver Star and Legion of Merit
Dale R. Buis – first casualty of Vietnam War
Presidents of Wentworth Military Academy & College
Colonel Sandford Sellers, 1880–1906, 1907–1923.
Colonel William McGuffey Hoge, 1906–1907.
Colonel Sandford Sellers, Jr., 1923–1933
Colonel James M. Sellers, 1933–1960.
Colonel Lester B. Wikoff, 1960–1971.
Colonel Leon Ungles, 1971–1973.
Colonel James M. Sellers, Jr., 1973–1990.
Colonel John Ryland Edwards, 1990.
Lieutenant General Robert Arter, 1991.
Colonel John Ryland Edwards, 1991.
Brigadier General Gerald Childress, 1991–1994.
Colonel Jerry E. Brown, 1994–2002.
Major General John H. Little, 2002–2007.
Captain (USN Retired) Basil Read, 2007–2008.
William W. Sellers, 2008–2013
Mr. Michael W. Lierman, 2013-2017
See also
Lexington Historical Museum
References
The Story of Wentworth, by Raymond W. Settle, 1950, Spencer Printing Co., Kansas City.
History of Wentworth Military Academy, by James M. Sellers, Jr., 1984.
Wentworth Trumpeter, 1893–2011.
Wentworth Military Academy, 125th anniversary. Lil Touch Publishing. 2005.
External links
Wentworth Military Academy and College Website
Wentworth Military Academy Stories
Schools in Lafayette County, Missouri
Private high schools in Missouri
Military high schools in the United States
Boarding schools in Missouri
Educational institutions established in 1880
Educational institutions disestablished in 2017
USCAA member institutions
School buildings on the National Register of Historic Places in Missouri
1880 establishments in Missouri
Two-year colleges in the United States
National Register of Historic Places in Lafayette County, Missouri
Defunct schools in Missouri
Defunct private universities and colleges in Missouri
Defunct United States military academies
2017 disestablishments in Missouri |
3999457 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle%20Cormack | Danielle Cormack | Danielle Cormack (born 26 December 1970) is a New Zealand stage and screen actress. She was one of the original cast members of the long-running soap opera Shortland Street, though she is also known for her role as the Amazon Ephiny in the television series Xena: Warrior Princess, Cynthia Ross in The Cult, and Shota in Legend of the Seeker. Other works include the 2009 film, Separation City, and the Australian series Rake. She also portrayed notorious Sydney underworld figure Kate Leigh in Underbelly: Razor, Doctor Rory Finch in Jack Irish and Bea Smith in the Foxtel prison drama Wentworth, in which she starred for four years before leaving the show in 2016.
Personal life
Cormack has two children. Te Ahi Ka with fellow actor Pana Hema Taylor, born 19 March 2010 and Ethan (born in 1996), from a previous relationship. In an interview with LOTL Magazine, Cormack mentioned that she has had long-term relationships with both men and women, and indicated that she prefers to avoid applying labels to patterns of sexuality.
Filmography
Film
Television
Theatre
Awards
References
External links
1970 births
Bisexual actresses
LGBT actors from New Zealand
Living people
Logie Award winners
New Zealand film actresses
New Zealand stage actresses
New Zealand television actresses
New Zealand soap opera actresses
People from Auckland
20th-century New Zealand actresses
21st-century New Zealand actresses
New Zealand theatre directors
People educated at Selwyn College, Auckland
21st-century LGBT people |
5392731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgiana%20Drew | Georgiana Drew | Georgiana Emma Drew (July 11, 1856 – July 2, 1893), Georgie Drew Barrymore, was an American stage actress and comedian and a member of the Barrymore acting family.
Life and career
Born in Philadelphia, her family — parents John Drew and Louisa Lane Drew, brothers John Drew, Jr. and Sidney, and sister Louisa (d. 1888) — were all actors with the exception of Louisa. She made her theatrical debut in 1872 in The Ladies' Rattle. She followed John Jr. to New York City, where she acted in many Broadway hits, such as Pique and As You Like It. In Pique she met a young English actor, 26 year old, Maurice Barrymore, whom she married on December 31, 1876. They had three children: Lionel, Ethel, and John. She is a great-grandmother and partial namesake of actress Drew Barrymore.
According to a 2004 A&E Biography piece, the marriage, happy at first, became rocky as Maurice indulged in numerous affairs. Georgie even filed for divorce, but they reconciled. He asked her to tour with him and Helena Modjeska in a play he wrote. Learning that he and Helena had resumed their romance, Georgie, who had been given ownership of the play by Maurice, closed it. Helena's husband, its producer, sued her. The real reason for Georgie's actions never got into the press.
In 1890, she had a great success in The Senator co-starring William H. Crane and, in 1891, as one of the two widows in Mr. Wilkinson's Widows. Her stage career at this time was being managed by a young up-and-coming producer named Charles Frohman. Frohman would play a big part in managing the early careers of her three children, as well as her brother John Drew.
In December 1891, illness forced her to leave the stage. In 1893 she traveled west with Ethel to take a supposed cure for tuberculosis. It proved to be unsuccessful; she died a few weeks later in Santa Barbara, California. Reportedly, her last words, which she kept repeating, were, "Oh my poor kids! What shall ever become of them?", as told by Ethel years later while the two were on the steamer heading to Panama, and as related to her son John, in the 1920s, by an elderly woman who had been staying at the same boarding house in Santa Barbara as Georgie and Ethel. It was 13-year-old Ethel's responsibility to see that her mother's remains were returned to Philadelphia for burial by Mrs Drew and Maurice, who met Ethel's train in Chicago. In 1893, this coast-to-coast journey would have lasted a week.
Barrymore died on July 2, 1893, at the age of 36. She was originally interred at Glenwood Cemetery and reinterred at Mount Vernon Cemetery in Philadelphia.
References
Sources
Encyclopædia Britannica
External links
1856 births
1893 deaths
Georgiana Drew
19th-century American actresses
American stage actresses
19th-century deaths from tuberculosis
Actresses from Philadelphia
Burials at Glenwood Cemetery/Glenwood Memorial Gardens
Burials at Mount Vernon Cemetery (Philadelphia)
Tuberculosis deaths in California |
5392735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnus%20of%20Avignon | Magnus of Avignon | Saint Magnus of Avignon () (died 660) was a bishop and governor of Avignon, his native city. He was a Gallo-Roman senator. A widower, he was the father of Saint Agricola of Avignon. Magnus became a monk and then became bishop of Avignon. He appointed his son coadjutor. He is the patron saint of fish dealers and fishmongers. His feast day is August 19.
External links
Patron Saints Index
660 deaths
Bishops of Avignon
7th-century Frankish saints
7th-century Gallo-Roman people
Married Roman Catholic bishops
Year of birth unknown |
5392742 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chafe-wax | Chafe-wax | A chafe-wax, or chaff-wax, was an officer under the Lord Chancellor, whose duty it was to prepare the wax for sealing documents. The office was abolished in 1852.
According to the Oxford English Dictionary, the earliest written reference was in 1607, when 'Chafewaxe' was defined as '.'
The expression comes from 'chafe', an obsolete verb meaning to warm or heat.
Literature
In his 1850 short story, A Poor Man's Tale of a Patent, Charles Dickens satirises the cost and complexity of the English patent system, as it then was, by having his narrator comment that in order to get a patent in England "I went through thirty-five stages. I began with the Queen upon the Throne. I ended with the Deputy Chaff-wax. Note. I should like to see the Deputy Chaff-wax. Is it a man, or what is it?"
A late reference to the post occurs in a report of Lord Chancellor's visit to the sporting estate of Sir John Fowler at Braemore by Garve, Ross-shire in September 1874, in which it was noted that "the official 'Chaff-wax' was busily occupied in melting the wax in the covered court where the deer are brought home, and it thus happened that by lamp light the unusual spectacle was observed of the solemnity of sealing being performed in the centre of a group of ponies laden with the Chancellor's dead deer".
References
Titles
Ceremonial officers in the United Kingdom |
3999459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smith%20Falls | Smith Falls | Smith Falls, at 63 feet (19 m), is the highest waterfall in the state of Nebraska and the centerpiece of Smith Falls State Park. The state park and falls are located east-north east of Valentine and 3 miles south west of Sparks, on the south side of the Niobrara River. Access to the falls is via a footbridge across the river from the north side of the park.
History
First known as Arikaree Falls, the waterfall bears the name of Orrin B. Smith, a pioneer in the Seven Creeks area (1885 State Census). His step-son, Frederick Smith will later file for a homestead claim 5 Sept. 1889 on the south side of the river in Section 30. The site was subsequently owned by Fred Krzyzanowski, who purchased it in 1941, adding a picnic area and campground to capitalize on its popularity among tourists. The Nebraska Game and Parks Commission established the Smith Falls State Park through a lease agreement with Krzyzanowski family in 1992. A new 25-year lease was signed in 2018.
Footbridge
In 1996, the historic Verdigre bridge was moved to the park and reconfigured as a footbridge spanning the Niobrara River. The bridge had been previously located at the mouth of Verdigre Creek, then had been moved to carry traffic on Highway 14 in the village of Verdigre, before being dismantled in 1991, then reassembled as a restored 160-foot-long iron truss span at the park in 1996.
Natural history
The falls are on a short spring-fed stream that plunges into a small canyon on the south side of the Niobrara. As the canyon is narrow and sheltered from direct sunlight, it is much cooler than the surrounding landscape; this allows a unique set of flora to grow that is atypical for the Sand Hills of Nebraska. The canyon is home to paper birch and an endemic hybrid grove of quaking aspen and bigtooth aspen.
During the Wisconsin glaciation that ended around 10,000 years ago, north-central Nebraska was much cooler than it is today. The ice age climate supported boreal forest trees like birches, spruces, and aspens, all of which currently predominate in Canada. As the glaciers retreated, so did the boreal forest, which is ill-suited for hot, dry summers. However, the cool canyons along the Niobrara sheltered some of these trees.
The spruce trees did not survive in Nebraska; the nearest extant population is in the Black Hills of South Dakota. A small population of paper birches and aspens survive, protected by the cool microclimates of the small canyons that feed into the Niobrara River. The continued survival of these trees is threatened by warming temperatures. The paper birch population around Smith Falls is not currently reproducing, and may soon die out.
Activities and amenities
Smith Falls State Park offers tent camping, canoeing, fishing, hiking, and picnicking facilities.
References
External links
Smith Falls State Park Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
Smith Falls State Park Map Nebraska Game and Parks Commission
State parks of Nebraska
Landmarks in Nebraska
Waterfalls of Nebraska
Landforms of Cherry County, Nebraska
Protected areas of Cherry County, Nebraska
Protected areas established in 1992
1992 establishments in Nebraska |
5392745 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theatre%20Record | Theatre Record | Theatre Record is a periodical that reprints reviews, production photographs, and other information about the British theatre.
Overview
Theatre Record was founded in 1981 by Ian Herbert and has been published fortnightly since January 1981 until January 2019, when it became an online publication. Previously it was printed and published in England every two weeks.
It reprints unabridged all the national drama critics' reviews of productions in and out of London, with full casts and credits. It also lists early information of forthcoming shows all over the country, including box office and press contact numbers. Production photographs are published whenever possible, to provide a visual as well as verbal record of the ongoing history of British theatre. Before 2019, all productions, their casts, author and full production credits were indexed annually; from 2019, the website provides a search engine functionality to browse through all of these listings.
Theatre Record also covers festivals and seasons such as the Edinburgh Festival (official and fringe) and the London International Mime Festival. This was originally done in special supplements. From 2020 until 2022, doollee.com was also included in the magazine.
As well as the theatre-going public, critics and arts editors, it goes to all major organisations working for the theatre industry including theatre administrators; companies and their directors; and agents and their clients.
In addition, its circulation to drama schools, colleges and universities makes it available to the industry's next generation. It is also widely read in Europe and the US, in Israel and Japan, Australia and New Zealand.
History
From 1981 to 1990 it was published as the London Theatre Record. The magazine was edited and published fortnightly, and was edited and published online by Julian Oddy until January 2022, after which Alison Cook took over as editor. In June 2022 a new website was launched.
A history of Theatre Record, written by its founding editor Ian Herbert, originally delivered as a lecture for the Society for Theatre Research on 18 January 2005, is available on the website.
References
External links
Theatre Record website Cumulative indexes of productions, London (1981–2005) and regional (1991–2005).
The Society for Theatre Research
doollee.com Website
Visual arts magazines published in the United Kingdom
Biweekly magazines published in the United Kingdom
Theatre magazines
Magazines established in 1981
Magazines published in London |
3999478 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenwood%20Union%20Cemetery | Greenwood Union Cemetery | The Greenwood Union Cemetery is a cemetery in Rye and Harrison in Westchester County, New York.
History
The first cemetery on this site was established in 1837 and it was known as "Union Cemetery of Rye". James Parker and David Brooks of Rye donated of land to Christ's Church, Rye, with plots to be reserved for the ministers of the three churches of Rye and their families. Two strips on the eastern and western sides of the grounds were to be used as a public cemetery.
In January 1855, the trustees of the Methodist Episcopal Church, Rye bought an additional contiguous to the cemetery, and, between 1864 and 1868, they added more than . The total land was then .
Methodist Episcopal Church operated the cemetery from 1855 until 1902, when it transferred management to a Rural Cemetery Corporation organized under the Rural Cemetery Act of 1847. This arrangement continued from 1902 to 1984, under the leadership of successive generations of the Cowan family, but in 1984 the responsibility of management was turned over to a nonprofit organization with a volunteer elected board of trustees whose members are lot owners and local community leaders.
Notable burials
Bill Bergesch (1921–2011) American Major League Baseball executive.
Eddie Eagan (1897–1967) one of only two people to win a gold medal in the Winter and Summer Olympic Games.
Marta Eggerth (1912–2013) Hungarian-born singer and actress.
Marquis James (1891–1955) American author.
Jean Kerr (1922–2003) American author.
William West Kirkby (1827–1907), Rector of Christ's Church, Rye.
Edward LeMaire (1924–1961) American figure skater.
John McGillicuddy (1930–2009) American banking executive.
John Motley Morehead III (1870–1965) former mayor of Rye and US Ambassador to Sweden.
Jared Valentine Peck (1816–1891) US Representative.
Marvin Pierce (1893–1969), president of McCall Corporation and father of Barbara Bush.
Clarine Seymour (1898–1920) American actress.
George Smith (1892–1965) American Major League Baseball pitcher.
Jonathan Mayhew Wainwright (1864–1945) US Congressman.
References
External links
Official web page
Greenwood Union Cemetery on Interment.net
Greenwood Union Cemetery on FindAGrave.com
Cemeteries in Westchester County, New York
Buildings and structures in Rye, New York
Harrison, New York
1837 establishments in New York (state) |
3999495 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berliner-Joyce%20XFJ | Berliner-Joyce XFJ | The Berliner-Joyce XFJ was a United States prototype biplane fighter aircraft that first flew in May 1930. Designed by Berliner-Joyce Aircraft for the United States Navy, its lower wing, placed below the fuselage and just two feet above the ground, apparently gave it a tendency to ground loop when landing, and it was never ordered for production.
Development and design
Berliner-Joyce had been formed in 1929, and had won a contract with the United States Army for the Berliner-Joyce P-16 aircraft. At the same time, they submitted a similar design to the Navy, modified to meet the differing requirements, which included a metal-skinned semi-monocoque fuselage, shoulder-mounted upper wings and a lower wing underslung on cabane-type struts.
The prototype, XFJ-1, was sent to Anacostia for testing after its initial flights, where the ground-looping habit was noted, and eventually resulted in a landing accident, necessitating return and repair. The company took the opportunity to add a Townend ring engine cowling, and upgraded the engine from a 450-hp Pratt & Whitney R-1340C to a 500-hp R-1340-92 Wasp. This and other improvements boosted speed from 177 to 193 mph, and the Navy gave the reconstructed aircraft the designation XFJ-2. However, improved performance came at the expense of stability, and the ground loop problem persisted, and there was no interest in continuing with this design. Nevertheless, the prototype continued to be used for other tests for several years.
Specifications (XFJ-1)
References
Further reading
External links
Berliner-Joyce XFJ-1 — AeroWeb: The Aviation Enthusiast Corner (includes an image)
F1J
Berliner-Joyce F1J
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Carrier-based aircraft |
3999498 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IP%20set | IP set | In mathematics, an IP set is a set of natural numbers which contains all finite sums of some infinite set.
The finite sums of a set D of natural numbers are all those numbers that can be obtained by adding up the elements of some finite nonempty subset of D.
The set of all finite sums over D is often denoted as FS(D). Slightly more generally, for a sequence of natural numbers (ni), one can consider the set of finite sums FS((ni)), consisting of the sums of all finite length subsequences of (ni).
A set A of natural numbers is an IP set if there exists an infinite set D such that FS(D) is a subset of A. Equivalently, one may require that A contains all finite sums FS((ni)) of a sequence (ni).
Some authors give a slightly different definition of IP sets: They require that FS(D) equal A instead of just being a subset.
The term IP set was coined by Furstenberg and Weiss to abbreviate "infinite-dimensional parallelepiped". Serendipitously, the abbreviation IP can also be expanded to "idempotent" (a set is IP if and only if it is a member of an idempotent ultrafilter).
Hindman's theorem
If is an IP set and , then at least one is an IP set.
This is known as Hindman's theorem or the finite sums theorem. In different terms, Hindman's theorem states that the class of IP sets is partition regular.
Since the set of natural numbers itself is an IP set and partitions can also be seen as colorings, one can reformulate a special case of Hindman's theorem in more familiar terms: Suppose the natural numbers are "colored" with n different colors; each natural number gets one and only one of the n colors. Then there exists a color c and an infinite set D of natural numbers, all colored with c, such that every finite sum over D also has color c.
The Milliken–Taylor theorem is a common generalisation of Hindman's theorem and Ramsey's theorem.
Semigroups
The definition of being IP has been extended from subsets of the special semigroup of natural numbers with addition to subsets of semigroups and partial semigroups in general. A variant of Hindman's theorem is true for arbitrary semigroups.
See also
Ergodic Ramsey theory
Piecewise syndetic set
Syndetic set
Thick set
References
Vitaly Bergelson, I. J. H. Knutson, R. McCutcheon "Simultaneous diophantine approximation and VIP Systems" Acta Arith. 116, Academia Scientiarum Polona, (2005), 13-23
Vitaly Bergelson, "Minimal Idempotents and Ergodic Ramsey Theory" Topics in Dynamics and Ergodic Theory 8-39, London Math. Soc. Lecture Note Series 310, Cambridge Univ. Press, Cambridge, (2003)
A publicly available copy is hosted by one of the authors.
H. Furstenberg, B. Weiss, "Topological Dynamics and Combinatorial Number Theory", J. Anal. Math. 34 (1978), pp. 61–85
J. McLeod, "Some Notions of Size in Partial Semigroups", Topology Proceedings, Vol. 25 (2000), pp. 317–332
Semigroup theory
Ergodic theory
Ramsey theory |
3999503 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Metz | Nick Metz | Nicholas John Metz (February 16, 1914 – August 24, 1990) was a Canadian professional ice hockey left winger who played 12 seasons in the National Hockey League for the Toronto Maple Leafs. Metz was the brother of Don Metz.
Awards
Stanley Cup champion in 1942, 1945, 1947, 1948 (Toronto)
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
References
External links
1914 births
1990 deaths
Canadian ice hockey left wingers
Ice hockey people from Saskatchewan
Toronto St. Michael's Majors players
Stanley Cup champions
Toronto Maple Leafs players
Syracuse Stars (IHL) players
Memorial Cup winners |
5392746 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20LATAM%20Brasil%20destinations | List of LATAM Brasil destinations | As of May 2022, LATAM Brasil (formerly TAM Linhas Aéreas) operates scheduled services to the destinations below. These include destinations formerly served by its subsidiaries, Pantanal Linhas Aéreas and TAM Paraguay:
Map
Destinations
Additionally, LATAM Brasil offers for its passengers free dedicated bus transfers between Guarulhos and Congonhas airports in São Paulo at regular times.
References
Destinations
Lists of airline destinations |
5392757 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddy%20Baker%20%28composer%29 | Buddy Baker (composer) | Norman Dale "Buddy" Baker (January 4, 1918 – July 26, 2002) was an American composer who scored many Disney films, including The Apple Dumpling Gang in 1975, The Apple Dumpling Gang Rides Again in 1979, The Shaggy D.A. in 1976, The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh in 1977, and The Fox and the Hound in 1981. He also composed the scores of classic Disney theme park attractions, including Great Moments with Mr. Lincoln and The Haunted Mansion.
Biography
Baker was born and raised in Springfield, Missouri, and got his degree in music from Southwest Baptist College. He moved to the West Coast in the 1930s to arrange music scores for radio, and became the musical director for Bob Hope's radio show.
Career
One of Baker's first hits as a big band arranger was "And Her Tears Flowed Like Wine" for the Stan Kenton Orchestra. He later became a professor at L.A. City College in the early 1950s. Among his early students were film composer Jerry Goldsmith and jazz drummer Louis Bellson, with whom he composed and arranged Journey Into Love (Norgran, 1954).
At about this time, his friend George Bruns asked him to compose music for the Disney television show Davy Crockett and the River Pirates. He stayed on at the Disney studio, and eventually became its music director, as well as chief composer for Disneyland and other Disney theme parks.
Baker was nominated for an Academy Award for his score for the 1972 film Napoleon and Samantha. His work is heard in many Disney cartoons and featurettes, including Donald in Mathmagic Land, which was nominated for a 1959 Academy Award (Best Documentary - Short Subjects). In 1978, he composed the music for the first Walt Disney Home Video logo, known as the "Neon Mickey" logo—a loud string and brass fanfare with a piano and timpani beats.
Baker arranged and conducted most of the Winnie-the-Pooh musical featurettes. He also conducted the music for The Many Adventures of Winnie the Pooh theme park attractions in 1999, at age 81.
The eerie music heard throughout The Haunted Mansion at Disneyland was another of Baker's works, as was the infectious theme to Walt Disney World's If You Had Wings. He arranged the medley of French classical music that accompanies the film Impressions de France at EPCOT Center, which artfully integrates works by Camille Saint-Saëns, Claude Debussy and Erik Satie, among others. He also wrote the music for the Tokyo DisneySea theme park attraction Journey to the Center of the Earth, which opened in 2001.
Baker was named a "Disney Legend" in 1989. He has an honorary Main Street window over the Car Barn at Disneyland Park, which reads: "Plaza School of Music - Sheet Music – B. Baker."
Awards and honors
In 1998, Baker was inducted as a Disney Legend. Baker also received the honor of having his name appear on Main Street, U.S.A. windows at DisneyWorld. The window, which can be found above the Car Barn reads: Plaza School of Music - Sheet Music—-Baker.
Later years and death
Baker retired from Disney as the last staff composer still on contract at any studio. Although he occasionally returned to work on theme park, film and television projects, he spent most of his later years teaching film scoring at the USC Thornton School of Music in Los Angeles, where he remained until his death from natural causes at age 84 in 2002. He was interred at Forest Lawn – Hollywood Hills Cemetery. In 2004, his wife Charlotte donated his papers to the Fales Library at New York University.
Selected filmography
References
External links
The Fales Library Guide to the Buddy Baker Papers
1918 births
2002 deaths
20th-century American composers
20th-century American male musicians
American film score composers
American male film score composers
Animated film score composers
Burials at Forest Lawn Memorial Park (Hollywood Hills)
Disney imagineers
Disney people
Exclusive Records artists
Musicians from Springfield, Missouri
Southwest Baptist University alumni
Thornton School of Music faculty
Walt Disney Animation Studios people |
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