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5390979 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trochlear%20notch | Trochlear notch | The trochlear notch (), also known as semilunar notch and greater sigmoid cavity, is a large depression in the upper extremity of the ulna that fits the trochlea of the humerus (the bone directly above the ulna in the arm) as part of the elbow joint. It is formed by the olecranon and the coronoid process.
About the middle of either side of this notch is an indentation, which contracts it somewhat, and indicates the junction of the olecranon and the coronoid process.
The notch is concave from above downward, and divided into a medial and a lateral portion by a smooth ridge running from the summit of the olecranon to the tip of the coronoid process.
The medial portion is the larger, and is slightly concave transversely; the lateral is convex above, slightly concave below.
References
External links
Upperextremity/arm/radiology/lat-elbow at the Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Anatomy
Ulna |
5390984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secret%20Windows | Secret Windows | Secret Windows: Essays and Fiction on the Craft of Writing is a collection of short stories, essays, speeches, and book excerpts by Stephen King, published in 2000. It was marketed by Book-of-the-Month Club as a companion to King's On Writing. Although its title is derived from a King novella (Secret Window, Secret Garden), it is not otherwise related to that novella or the film adaptation, Secret Window.
The texts in the collection are primarily concerned with writing and the horror genre. Several of the entries have been published elsewhere, including introductions King had written for other authors' novels, as well as introductions and essays from King's previous books. This volume also includes several short works that had not been previously published elsewhere, including lectures given by King, an interview with King conducted by Muriel Gray, a never-before-published short story by King, titled "In the Deathroom," and an introduction written by Peter Straub.
Contents
2000 non-fiction books
Books about writing
English-language books
Non-fiction books by Stephen King |
3998189 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jungle%20bush%20quail | Jungle bush quail | The jungle bush quail (Perdicula asiatica) is a species of quail in the family Phasianidae. It is native to the Indian subcontinent, where it is found in peninsular India and Sri Lanka. It has also been reported from Nepal but has not been seen there since the 19th century, and an introduced population exists on the island of Réunion. A small species of quail long and weighing , it shows significant sexual dimorphism. Males have brown with blackish and buff marking and whitish with black barring. The face is mainly dark reddish-brown, with brown , a buffy-white , and the turning whitish towards the back of the neck. Females have a similar pattern, but with pinkish-brown underparts, more uniform wings, and duller moustachial stripes.
The species inhabits dry areas with shrubby or rocky cover in a variety of habitats. It feeds on seeds and small insects, typically in small groups of 6–25 birds. Breeding starts at the end of the rains and lasts until the end of the cold season, with the exact timing varying across its range. It nests in shallow scrapes in cover and lays clutches of 4–8 eggs. Incubation is only done by the female. The International Union for Conservation of Nature considers the jungle bush quail to be of least concern due to its large range and stable population.
Taxonomy and systematics
The jungle bush quail was originally described as Perdix asiatica by John Latham in 1790 based on specimens from the "Mahratta region". It was moved to the genus Perdicula, of which it is the type species, by Brian Hodgson in 1837. The generic name Perdicula is a Modern Latin diminutive of the genus Perdix, and means "small partridge". The specific epithet asiatica comes from the Latin asiaticus, meaning Asiatic. Jungle bush quail is the official common name designated by the International Ornithologists' Union. Other names for the species include jungle quail, jungle bush-quail, jungle bushquail, Ceylon jungle bush quail, and Konkan jungle bush quail.
Subspecies
There are five recognised subspecies of the jungle bush quail:
P. a. asiatica (Latham, 1790): The nominate subspecies, it is found in north and central India.
P. a. vidali Whistler & Kinnear, 1936: Found in southwest India, it has more reddish than the nominate subspecies, especially on the top of the head, and has broader barring on the in males.
P. a. ceylonensis Whistler & Kinnear, 1936: Found on Sri Lanka. Its upperparts and throat are much darker than those of other subspecies and its underparts contrast less strongly with the upperparts.
P. a. punjaubi Whistler, 1939: Also known as the Punjab jungle bush quail, it is found in northwestern India. It is paler than the nominate subspecies, with sandier upperparts with less noticeable black markings.
P. a. vellorei Abdulali & Reuben, 1965: Found in south India.
Description
Jungle bush quails are a small species of quail, long and weighing . Adult males have a dull brown , back, and wings, with buff streaking and blackish-brown blotches. The breasts, , and upper belly are whitish with narrow black barring, while the lower belly and are reddish-buff. The forehead, lores, and are dark reddish-brown, with the supercilium turning buffy-white behind the eye towards the back of the neck. The top of the head and back of the neck are dark reddish-brown with blackish-brown mottling, while the are dark brown. The chin and throat are also dark reddish-brown and are separated from the ear-coverts by a buffy-white .
The species shows significant sexual dimorphism, with females having dull pinkish-brown underparts, more uniform and less barred wings with less blotching, and duller moustachial stripes. Some older females may develop pale barring on the breast. Juveniles are similar to the female, but have whitish streaks on the side of the head, throat, and breast. The upperparts have more markings and the are mottled and barred. Males develop barring on the underparts during their first winter, around the age of three months. The bill is blackish in adult males and dull brownish-grey in all other plumages. The legs are pinkish to dull red and are reddest in males. The iris is pale to orange brown.
The jungle bush quail is unlikely to be confused with Turnix or Coturnix quails, but it may mistaken for the rock bush quail. The latter species is less sexually dimorphic and differs in the pattern of the eyestripe, which is shorter and whiter, and the throat, which is reddish-white with a white moustachial stripe.
Vocalisations
The advertising call of the jungle bush quail is a harsh, rhythmic chee-chee-chuck, chee-chee-chuck that is similar to the call of a black drongo in dispute. When flocks are separated, they reassemble using a low, whistling tiri-tiri-tiri or whi-whi-whi-whi-whi. Groups may also give burbling or grating notes that quicken into a frenzy. Other calls include a low chuckle made when flushed and harsh notes given as an alarm call.
Distribution and habitat
The jungle bush quail is native to the Indian subcontinent, where it is found throughout peninsular India north to Gujarat, Odisha, and the Kashmir foothills, along with Sri Lanka. It has also been reported from Nepal, but has not been recorded there since the 19th century. It was introduced to Réunion around 1850 and to Mauritius around 1860, but the species is now locally extinct on the latter island.
It inhabits dry areas with shrubby or rocky cover, in habitats ranging from thin grasslands to dense deciduous forests. It is found at elevations up to , but at elevations up to in the Western Ghats and southern India. It is generally non-migratory, but is possibly a migrant in Nepal.
Behaviour and ecology
The jungle bush quail is typically seen in groups of 6–25 birds (called coveys) while dust bathing on tracks or foraging in grassland. Coveys walk along well-trodden paths to drink in the morning and evening, and create tunnel-like tracks through tall grass while doing so. The species prefers to walk or run away from potential danger, and will only fly away as a last resort. When alarmed, coveys will sit at the base of a bush before flying explosively into different directions. After a short time, they will start running and regroup by gathering towards each others' calls. Roosting occurs on the ground.
Diet
The jungle bush quail feeds on seeds, such as those of grass, weeds, gram, and millets, along with small insects like termites and their larvae.
Breeding
The breeding season of the jungle bush quail starts with the end of the rains and lasts until the end of the cold season, with the exact period varying: from January to March in Karnataka, from October to March in the Deccan plateau, from August to April in central India, and from March to April in eastern central India and Sri Lanka. In Réunion, breeding occurs in November.
The species is seemingly monogamous. Nests are shallow grass-lined scrapes located in cover at the base of grass. Clutches can contain 4–8 eggs, but usually have 5–6. The eggs are creamy white to pale buff, and measure . Incubation takes 16–18 days in the wild and 21–22 days in captivity, and is done only by the female. After the eggs hatch, the male helps guard and raise the chicks.
Parasites and pathogens
The jungle bush quail has been observed being parasitised by the nematode Primasubulura alata. It has also been recorded being infected by the fungal pathogen Alternaria alternata in April.
In research
The jungle bush quail has been used in experiments on the effect of melatonin on immunity and reproduction, the effect of the environment on the pineal gland, adrenal glands, and gonads, daily variation in the melatonin and androgen receptors during the breeding season, and immunity associated with the lungs.
Status
The jungle bush quail is listed as being of least concern by the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) on the IUCN Red List due to its large range and stable population. It is generally common throughout India, although it is reported to be uncommon in Kerala, and locally in extinct in parts of Gujarat and in Uttara Kannada, Karnataka. In Sri Lanka, it was reportedly common until the 1950's, but is now only locally plentiful in the hills of the Uva Province. It has not been reported from Nepal since the 19th century, and reports from there and Cachar in Assam may be erroneous. The introduced population on Réunion is declining but still locally common, while the one on Mauritius is extinct. The jungle bush quail is hunted for food in rural regions.
References
jungle bush quail
Birds of India
Birds of Sri Lanka
jungle bush quail |
3998205 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uranopilite | Uranopilite | Uranopilite is a minor ore of uranium with the chemistry (UO2)6SO4(OH)6O2·14H2O or, hydrated uranyl sulfate hydroxide.
As with many uranyl minerals, it is fluorescent and radioactive. It is straw yellow in normal light. Uranopilite fluoresces a bright green under ultraviolet light. Uranopilite contains clusters of six uranyl pentagonal bipyramids that share equatorial edges and vertices, with the clusters cross-linked to form chains by sharing vertices with sulfate tetrahedra. In uranopilite, the chains are linked directly by hydrogen bonds, as well as to interstitial H2O groups.
Uranopilite is associated with other uranyl minerals such as zippeite and johannite and, like them, is usually found as an efflorescent crust in uranium mines.
Notable occurrences include:
Wheal Owles, Cornwall, England
San Juan County, Utah, US
Northwest Territories, Canada
Bohemian region of Europe
See also
Uranyl sulfate
List of minerals
References
Progress in Solid State Chemistry
ATHENA MINERAL: Mineral Data
Uranium(VI) minerals
Sulfate minerals
Triclinic minerals
Minerals in space group 2 |
3998206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Almost | The Almost | The Almost is an American band from Clearwater, Florida, best known for being fronted by Underoath drummer and vocalist Aaron Gillespie. Formed in 2005, the band's current lineup consists of Gillespie on vocals and guitar, bassist Jon Thompson, and drummer Joe Musten. The band has released three albums and two EPs on Tooth & Nail Records, with 2009's Monster Monster peaking at No. 67 on the Billboard 200, 2013's Fear Inside Our Bones at No. 142 on the Billboard 200 and October 2019's Fear Caller through Fearless Records.
History
Formation (2005–2007)
There is no definitive date as to when Aaron Gillespie started the Almost. He made a Myspace for the Almost on October 1, 2005 before he had released any of the songs to the public.
On October 4, 2005, he released two of his songs which were the demos for "I Mostly Like to Copy Other People" and "They Say You Can Never Write I Told You So in a Song But Here I Go".
Aaron worked with Kenny Vasoli to record a song called "Yule Be Sorry" for Happy Christmas Volume 4 on Tooth & Nail Records. It was in stores on October 25, 2005.
Gillespie wrote all of the songs himself while recording Define the Great Line with Underoath.
In 2007, the band embarked on Paramore's headlining tour, RIOT!, alongside The Starting Line and Set Your Goals (who played for the first half of the tour.)
In addition, according to their MySpace, the Almost went on tour with Emery, Envy On The Coast, Army of Me for all of June and parts of July. In May they also released the B-side song 'Hold On', which was originally only available as a bonus track on iTunes.
Shortly after the announcement of their new EP, drummer Kenny Bozich, quit the band. It was announced sometime in November via their MySpace. Dusty Redmon (the band's guitarist), made this statement in the AbsolutePunk.net forum: "Kenny quit. He's getting married and didn't want to tour at all. It happens..it's happened to me twice with Beloved and Dead Poetic. It's a personal choice and we're cool with it. He was going to be playing drums on the next record, but made the choice to not be in a band at this point in his life. No big deal." The Almost played at Soundwave 2010 with bands such as HIM, Whitechapel, A Day to Remember, Paramore and others.
Southern Weather (2007–2008)
Their debut record, Southern Weather, was released on April 3, 2007, and was recorded in February and March 2006. The first single, "Say This Sooner", can be heard at the Almost's PureVolume and MySpace pages, along with "I Mostly Copy Other People" and the demo version of "Never Say I Told You So" (originally named "They Say You Can Never Write I Told You So in a Song But Here I Go"). Aaron recorded every instrument on the album, except for bass on a couple of tracks, with which Kenny Vasoli from The Starting Line helped.
The Almost released their first video for "Say This Sooner" on March 19, 2007. The video premiered on MTV2's UNLEASHED, which ran all day long on the hour. The video is also available on MTV2's website.
The Almost embarked on the "It's All Happening" tour from December 17 to January 20, 2006, joined by Jay Vilardi (guitar), Dusty Redmon (guitar), Alex Aponte (bass) and Kenny Bozich (drums). The tour showcased new songs from the upcoming recording of Southern Weather.
Since the Almost has formed, the band has reached over 11,000,000 plays on their MySpace music page and the band's song "Say This Sooner" has reached No. 1 most played on all of PureVolume.
A video has been made for the second single Southern Weather. It can be seen on the band's Myspace.
No Gift to Bring and Monster Monster (2008–2011)
"Little Drummer Boy" was made available for streaming on November 4, 2008, followed by "Awful Direction" on November 20. The Almost released a new EP titled No Gift to Bring on November 24. It was originally going to release it on November 25, but they changed the date to the day before. The EP was released to tide fans over until the release of their next album in the summer/fall of 2009. It includes a new song titled "Awful Direction", a cover of the Christmas carol, "Little Drummer Boy", a cover of "Your Love Is Extravagant", a new version of "Amazing, Because It Is", and an exclusive mix of "Dirty and Left Out". The EP is almost entirely recorded by Aaron, and it is produced by Underoath guitarist Tim McTague, who also created the remix of "Dirty and Left Out."
In May 2008, founder and frontman of the Almost, Aaron Gillespie, announced that the Almost would be entering the studio in the winter of 2008 to record their follow-up album to Southern Weather. In the November 2008 Tooth & Nail Records podcast, Aaron stated "the new album will be more of a complete band effort", suggesting the whole band will be involved in the recording process. The band went into the studio at the beginning of May, recording in Nashville TN. Monster Monster was released through Tooth & Nail/Virgin on November 3, 2009 featuring the singles "Lonely Wheel" and "Hands". There are several bonus tracks for this album. Users who downloaded Monster Monster from iTunes received the bonus track "Me And Alone". The fan pack version of the album sold exclusively at Best Buy contains the tracks "West" and "Wrong". The Monster EP contains two bonus tracks entitled "July" and "Birmingham" The album charted at No. 67 on the Billboard 200 and No. 3 on The Christian Album Charts.
In February 2010 the Almost played the Australian Soundwave Festival. The Almost toured across Australia nationally playing alongside the three festival headliners; Faith No More, Jimmy Eat World and Jane's Addiction, as well as other bands such as Paramore, All Time Low, A Day To Remember, Escape The Fate, Enter Shikari, Meshuggah, Anthrax, Trivium, Whitechapel, Set Your Goals and other alternative, rock, metalcore and hardcore bands. Along with Soundwave, the Almost played club shows in Melbourne and Sydney with All Time Low and Dance Gavin Dance. On July 31, 2010, the Almost played at Festival, in Elmira, New York. Along with Secret and Whisper, August Burns Red, Oh, Sleeper, MyChildren MyBride, Texas in July and The Glorious Unseen. On October 25, 2010, the Almost released the Monster Monster EP, which contains the five bonus tracks and the music videos for "Lonely Wheel", "Hands", "No I Don't" and "Monster Monster" from the album Monster Monster.
Fear Inside Our Bones (2011–2015)
During their set at the O2 Experience in Denver on June 1, Aaron Gillespie announced that the new album would be titled Fear Inside Our Bones. Frontman Aaron Gillespie has also announced via Twitter that the band finished recording the album in full as of June 10, 2012. The album is expected sometime early 2013.
It was announced in January 2013 that the new album would be released on April 16, 2013 via Tooth & Nail Records. Accompanying the announcement was a song premiere of the single "Ghost".
On April 1, 2013, the band posted on their Facebook page that the new album was pushed back to June 2013, due to Tooth & Nail becoming an independent record label.
During an interview on Emery's BadChristian Podcast, Gillespie stated that he had "currently put the Almost to bed....It's on the back burner right now" citing his busy schedule (as Paramore's touring drummer, a solo artist and producer) and the busy schedules of the other band members.
Fear Caller (2019–present)
Fear Caller, the band's Fearless Records debut album, was recorded in the desert. Starting off the album with the single "Chokehold", Gillespie posted a teaser video that eventually led to the announcement of the band's record deal, the new single, and the music video to go along with it.
Band members
Current members
Aaron Gillespie – lead vocals, rhythm guitar, keyboards, percussion , lead guitar, bass, drums
Jay Vilardi – lead guitar, backing vocals , rhythm guitar
JJ Revell – drums, percussion
Jon Thompson – bass
Former members
Alex Aponte – bass
Kenny Bozich – drums, percussion
Joe Musten – drums, percussion
Nick D'Amico – rhythm guitar, lead guitar
Dusty Redmon – lead guitar, backing vocals
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
EPs
Demos
Singles
Music videos
References
External links
Official website
Alternative rock groups from Florida
Emo musical groups from Florida
Clearwater, Florida
Christian rock groups from Florida
Indie rock musical groups from Florida
Musical groups from Florida
Musical groups established in 2005
Musical groups disestablished in 2015
Musical groups reestablished in 2019
Virgin Records artists
Tooth & Nail Records artists
Fearless Records artists |
3998213 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Associated%20Dry%20Goods | Associated Dry Goods | Associated Dry Goods Corporation (ADG) was a chain of department stores that merged with May Department Stores in 1986. It was founded in 1916 as an association of independent stores called American Dry Goods, based in New York City.
History
The chain began when Henry Siegel, who had founded department store Siegel, Cooper & Co. in Chicago, obtained financing from Goldman Sachs for a store in New York City in the early twentieth century. Though Siegel failed in his endeavor, the remnants of the chain were merged with John Claflin's stores H.B. Claflin & Company, along with Lord & Taylor, Stewart & Co., Hengerer's, and J. N. Adam & Co. (with financing from J. P. Morgan & Company), to create Associated Dry Goods. Other stores were spun off to Mercantile Stores Co.
Through the 1950s, 1960s and 1970s ADG continued to expand through acquisitions. In the 1970s, they created a new St. Petersburg, Florida-based department store, Robinson's of Florida. However, ADG was most well known for its upscale New York City based Lord & Taylor division, with over 84 locations across the country. Lord & Taylor was ADG's largest and most profitable division.
Major growth
In the early and mid-1980s ADG attempted to rationalize its department stores, focusing on high-growth areas. Several of its non-profitable department store chains were sold or shuttered. They merged Hengerer's of Buffalo, New York into Rochester-based Sibley's in 1981. 1983 saw the merger of Cincinnati-based H.& S. Pogue Co. (5 locations) into Indianapolis-based L. S. Ayres. Also in 1983 The Diamond division (2 locations) of West Virginia was sold to Stone & Thomas. In 1984, Stix Baer & Fuller (12 locations) in St. Louis, Missouri was sold to Dillard Department Stores. Also, in 1984, the Baltimore-based Stewart & Company division was merged into its Caldor discount division. The Powers Dry Goods Company (9 locations) in Minneapolis, Minnesota were sold to Allied Stores' The Donaldson Co. in 1985. In early 1986, they merged the Louisville-based Stewart Dry Goods division into its Indianapolis-based L. S. Ayres & Co. operations.
Founding stores, acquisitions, chain divestitures, closures, and division mergers
Founding stores
Hahne & Co., Newark, New Jersey
The William Hengerer Co., Buffalo, New York, (founded 1874)
J. N. Adam & Co., Buffalo, New York, (founded 1881)
Lord & Taylor, New York, New York, precursor founded in 1826
Stewart & Co.
Later acquisitions
1956 – The Diamond (Department Store), Charleston, West Virginia
1957 – J. W. Robinson Co., Los Angeles, California
1957 -The Sibley, Lindsay & Curr Co., Rochester, New York, and branch stores, founded in 1868
1959 – The Erie Dry Goods Co./Boston Store, Erie, Pennsylvania
1962 – The H.& S. Pogue Co., Cincinnati, Ohio
1963 – Goldwater's, Phoenix, Arizona
1966 – Stix, Baer, & Fuller, St. Louis
1966 – The Denver Dry Goods Co., Denver, Colorado
1970s – Robinson's of Florida, St. Petersburg, Florida
1972 – L. S. Ayres & Co., Indianapolis, Indiana
1972 – Sycamore Specialty Stores (a division of L. S. Ayres & Co.)
1972 – Ayr-Way (a division of L. S. Ayres & Co.)
1972 – Joseph Horne Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
1972 – Stewart Dry Goods Co., Louisville, Kentucky
1981 – Caldor
Chain divestitures, closures and division mergers
Several department store divisions were divested or closed prior to the 1986 merger with May Department Stores
1981 – Hengerer's of Buffalo, New York was merged into the Rochester-based Sibley's
1983 – H. & S. Pogue Co. of Cincinnati was merged into the Indianapolis-based L. S. Ayres
1983 – The Diamond, Charleston, West Virginia was sold to Stone & Thomas
1984 – Stewart & Company of Baltimore was merged into its Caldor discount division
1984 – Stix Baer & Fuller, St. Louis, Missouri was sold to Dillard Department Stores
1985 – The Powers Dry Goods Co., Minneapolis, Minnesota was sold to Allied Stores' The Donaldson Co.
1986 – Stewart Dry Goods of Louisville was merged into the Indianapolis-based L. S. Ayres & Co.
Acquisition by May Department Stores
ADG was acquired by the May Department Stores Company in October 1986 as part of a US$2.2 billion merger. At the time, it was considered to have been the most expensive purchase/merger in retail history. After 1986, May converted or merged most of the former ADG department stores into its own divisions with the exception of the upscale Lord & Taylor, which was a long-time fashion leader and considered the “crown jewel” of Associated. When the May Company acquired ADG in 1986, it was assumed that May bought ADG just for the upscale Lord & Taylor division.
During the final year of retail operation, ADG operated over 155 department stores, in addition to Caldor (a northeast upscale discount chain), and Loehmann's, (a specialty off price retailer).
Timeline of May Company Conversions & Divestitures of former ADG Divisions
After the ADG merger, the May Company either divested or merged each of the former ADG divisions into its own regional nameplates:
1986 – Joseph Horne Co. sold to Pittsburgh investor group due to a possible anti-trust suit by City of Pittsburgh
1987 – Denver Dry Goods Co. converted to May D&F
1987 – Robinson's of Florida sold to Maison Blanche/Goudchaux Co. of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to be operated as Maison Blanche stores
1988 – Loehmann's sold to an investor group led by Spanish concern, Sefinco Ltd., and the Sprout Group, a division of Donaldson, Lufkin & Jenrette
1989 – Goldwater's merged into J. W. Robinson's, May Company California, and May D&F
1989 – Hahne & Co. converted into Lord & Taylor
1990 – Caldor sold in leveraged buy out
1991 – L. S. Ayres, (Indianapolis, Indiana) merged into Famous-Barr but continued operating under the L. S. Ayres nameplate
1986 – H & S Pogue, (Cincinnati, Ohio), formerly converted in 1983 by ADG to L. S. Ayres, sold to Hess's & JC Penney
1987 – Stewart Dry Goods Co., (Louisville, Kentucky), formerly converted in 1984 by ADG to L. S. Ayres, sold to Hess's
1992 – Sibley's converted into Kaufmann's
1992 – J. W. Robinson's merged with May Company California to form Robinsons-May
Lord & Taylor, the last remaining nameplate, in 2021 converted to an online-only.
History by nameplate
The Denver Dry Goods Company, Denver, Colorado, was acquired by ADG in 1966. The division consisted of 12 stores in Colorado. After the 1986 May/ADG merger, it was largely shutdown and sold-off and the remaining units were absorbed by May D&F (May Daniels & Fischer) in 1987. May D&F ended up absorbing 3 stores from The Denver Dry Goods Co.. In 1989, May D&F also absorbed ADG's former Goldwater's location in Albuquerque. In 1993, May D&F was merged into May's Foley's division of Houston. After May was bought by Federated, it was announced that most Foley's stores (including the former Denver Dry Goods/May D&F locations) would either be converted to Macy's or sold.
The Diamond, Charleston, West Virginia, was a small 2 store division located in West Virginia. ADG sold this division in 1983 to Stone & Thomas due to limited growth potential.
Goldwaters, Phoenix, Arizona, was founded in Gila City, Arizona in 1860. It moved to Phoenix in 1872 and was acquired by Associated in 1963. It consisted of 9 locations in Arizona, New Mexico, and Nevada. The chain became a division of May as part of the May/ADG merger in 1986. May dissolved the division in 1989 and split the stores into three other May divisions. Eventually May D&F, May Company California and J. W. Robinson's absorbed various stores with the Tucson-area stores being sold to Dillard's Department Stores.
The H.& S. Pogue Co., Cincinnati, Ohio, was acquired by Associated Dry Goods Corp. in 1962. In 1984, it was merged into L. S. Ayres & Co. of Indianapolis. After the May/ADG merger, its former branch locations were swiftly shuttered or sold to Hess's and JCPenney in 1987 and 1988 and the downtown flagship demolished.
Hahne & Co., Newark, New Jersey, was part of the 1916 conglomeration of American Dry Goods (later renamed Associated). After relocating its corporate offices from downtown Newark to a strip mall nearby to its Woodbridge, N.J. store; there had been consideration to moving to the new "flagship store" in the mid-1980s to the former Gimbels at Westfield Garden State Plaza but Sunday operating law in Bergen County prevented this—its 9 stores were shut down by May in 1989. Most of them (six) were absorbed by Lord & Taylor, while the large Westfield Garden State Plaza store was bought by Nordstrom.
Hengerer's (The William Hengerer Co.), Buffalo, New York, was founded in 1874 as Barnes, Bancroft & Co.. It adopted the Hengerer name in 1895 and was purchased in 1905 by J. N. Adam & Co. It was a division of Associated Dry Goods Corp. from its inception in 1916. In 1981, ADG merged Hengerer's into Sibley, Lindsay & Curr Co. of Rochester. After the May/ADG merger, Sibley's was merged into May's Kaufmann's division in 1992. After May was bought by Federated, it was announced that most Kaufmann's stores would either be converted to Macy's or sold. All the former Hengerer's locations became Macy's in September 2006.
Joseph Horne Co., Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. This was historically the carriage-trade department store of Pittsburgh. For several decades was in direct competition with cross-town rival Kaufmann's (a division of May). It was acquired by Associated Dry Goods in 1972 – and eventually acquired by May in October 1986 as part of the May/ADG merger. Due to anti-trust concerns and legal action by the City of Pittsburgh, it was promptly sold in December 1986 to an investor group. After several years of private ownership, it was announced the Dillard's would be buying the chain to combine it with the Dillard/DeBartolo co-owned Higbee's stores based in Cleveland. However, the deal collapsed and was not completed. Eventually the Joseph Horne Co. was sold off in parts, with Dillard's acquiring its three Ohio stores in 1992 and Federated Department Stores Lazarus division acquiring its remaining ten Pennsylvania stores in 1995. Federated eventually merged all of its divisions (including the former Joseph Horne/Lazarus locations) into Macy's.
J. N. Adam & Co., Buffalo, New York, was founded in 1881. It purchased Hengerer's in 1905 and, later that same year, both were sold to H.B. Claflin & Co., They later became United Dry Goods Companies. It was a division of Associated Dry Goods Corp. from its inception in 1916. The chain closed in 1960.
L. S. Ayres & Co, Indianapolis, Indiana, was acquired by Associated Dry Goods Corp in 1972. L. S. Ayres & Co. absorbed Pogue's of Cincinnati in 1984 and Stewart's of Louisville in 1985. Upon completion of these mergers, L. S. Ayres & Co. consisted of 25 stores in Indiana, Ohio, and Kentucky, After the 1986 May/ADG merger, the under-performing locations of both former chains were swiftly divested by May in 1987 and 1988. L. S. Ayres & Co. was shortened to L. S. Ayres and was operationally consolidated with Famous-Barr in 1991 (but continuing to operate under the L. S. Ayres moniker), when its downtown Indianapolis flagship and three other under-performing stores were closed. After May was bought by Federated, it was announced that most Famous-Barr – L. S. Ayres stores would either be converted to Macy's or sold.
Lord & Taylor, New York, New York, was founded in 1826. The chain was a founding member of the Associated Dry Goods Corp. organization (then American Dry Goods) in 1916. It became part of May in the 1986 May/ADG merger. While a part of Associated and under the leadership of CEO Joseph E. Brooks, during the 1970s, the chain aggressively expanded into Texas, Illinois, and Michigan. In the early 1980s, South Florida saw 11 stores opened in quick succession. They partially withdrew from the oil-shocked Texas and southern Florida markets in 1989–1990 after the 1986 May/ADG merger. After May assumed ownership, ADG's Hahne's division (several New Jersey locations) and several former John Wanamaker (Philadelphia) locations were combined under the Lord & Taylor name-plate. From 1997 to 2006, Lord & Taylor occupied the former Wanamaker's landmark store in downtown Philadelphia. During the 1990s and early 2000s, May took the chain national. Under the leadership of CEO Marshall Hilsberg, Lord & Taylor entered expansion mode opening stores as far west as Las Vegas, Nevada. At its then peak, Lord & Taylor operated as many as 86 stores across the country.
May was purchased by Federated Department Stores in June 2005. Terry Lundgren, Federated's chairman, president and chief executive officer, announced on January 12, 2006 that Federated Department Stores would be selling the Lord & Taylor chain by the end of the year. On June 22, 2006, it was announced that NRDC Equity Partners, LLC would purchase Lord & Taylor for $1.2 billion. The sale that was completed four months later in October 2006. After its 2008 purchase of the Canadian department store retailer Hudson's Bay Company, NRDC has stated that it plans to open stores internationally. In 2019, clothing rental firm Le Tote purchased the Lord & Taylor chain. On August 27, 2020, it was announced that Lord & Taylor will be going out of business after a bankruptcy filing on August 2, six years shy of its 200th anniversary.
The Powers Dry Goods Co, Minneapolis, Minnesota, consisted of 7 locations. In 1985, it was acquired by The Donaldson Company (of Minneapolis, a unit of Allied Stores Corp.), which gave Donaldson's some breathing room against dominant rival Dayton's. In 1987, after Campeau Corp.'s buy-out of Allied Stores Corp., Donaldson's was purchased by Carson Pirie Scott & Co. of Chicago which renamed its stores with its own imprimatur. Carson's in turn was acquired by P.A. Bergner & Co. of Milwaukee (and formerly of Peoria, Illinois) in 1989. They filed for bankruptcy in 1991. In 1995 Carson's sold the Minneapolis locations (formerly Powers/Donaldsons) to Dayton's parent Dayton Hudson Corp. Many of which re-opened under its moderate Mervyn's chain. This was mostly in a move to prevent serious competition in its Twin Cities stronghold. In 2004 when Dayton's successor Marshall Field's was acquired by May, it also agreed to buy the former Donaldson/Powers locations, which Mervyn's promptly shuttered, and left May responsible for disposing of the real-estate.
J. W. Robinson's – Los Angeles, California, was a division of Associated Dry Goods since 1957, and consisted of 21 locations in California. J. W. Robinson's was acquired by May in the October 1986 May/ADG merger. It was historically a carriage-trade department store and operated in tandem with May's own middle-tier May Company California division for several years. In 1989 it took over operation of the Goldwaters stores in Phoenix, Arizona. In 1992, as part of divisional consolidations by the May Company, the J.W. Robinson Co. division was merged with the May Company California division to form a single Los Angeles based division to be called Robinsons-May. After May was bought by Federated, it was announced that most Robinsons-May stores would either be converted to Macy's or sold.
Robinson's of Florida – St. Petersburg, Florida, was a division of Associated Dry Goods when acquired by May in 1986. It had been founded in the 1970s as an attempt by ADG to emulate the success of its upscale J.W. Robinson's stores (of Los Angeles) on the fast-growing Florida Gulf Coast. Rather than invest in the then stagnant Florida market, May sold the division in 1987 (seven stores) to Maison Blanche/Gouchaux Co. of Baton Rouge, Louisiana, to be operated as Maison Blanche stores. The bulk of the former Robinsons of Florida locations were subsequently sold by Maison Blanche to Dillard Department Stores in 1991.
The Sibley, Lindsay & Curr Co. – Rochester, New York, and Syracuse, New York, founded in 1868, was since 1961 a division of Associated Dry Goods Corporation and was acquired by May in the 1986 May/ADG merger. It consisted of 14 locations in NY. It had previously absorbed the William Hengerer Co. in Buffalo in 1981. In 1992, Sibley's, as it was informally known, was merged into Kaufmann's. After May was bought by Federated, it was announced that most Kaufmann's stores (including the former Sibley's locations) would either be converted to Macy's or sold.
The Stewart Dry Goods Co. – Louisville, Kentucky, consisted of seven stores in Kentucky and Indiana. In 1985, it was merged into L. S. Ayres & Co. of Indianapolis and after the May/ADG merger in 1986, its former locations were shuttered or sold to Hess's in 1987.
Stewart & Company – Baltimore, Maryland. ADG closed this Baltimore based division in 1982. All stores were converted into Caldor stores over an 18-month period.
Stix Baer & Fuller – St. Louis and Kansas City, Missouri. In 1984, this division was sold after several years of continued losses. Dillard Department Stores acquired ADG's Stix, Baer & Fuller's 12 stores for approximately $93 million. The downtown St. Louis flagship building was operated as a Dillard's for several years, then converted into a Dillard's clearance center, and finally shuttered.
Discount and off-price chains owned by ADG
Loehmann's – the Bronx, New York. Loehmann's was acquired by ADG in 1983, and consisted of 81 locations in 28 states. This acquisition gave ADG a major entry in the rapidly growing off-price retailing market. After the 1986 May/ADG merger, May quickly sold the division.
Caldor – Norwalk, Connecticut. Caldor, an upscale discounter, consisted of 109 stores in New England and Mid Atlantic States. After the 1986 May/ADG merger, May promptly sold the division. The chain entered bankruptcy and was liquidated in 1999.
Additional information about ADG and May Department Stores
See also the May Department Stores listing for very comprehensive information about May and all of May's current and former divisions. See also Federated Department Stores, Lord & Taylor, and Dillard's Department Stores
References
Rizzo, Michael F., Nine Nine Eight: The Glory Days of Buffalo Shopping, 2007, (Lulu Enterprises, Inc.: Morrisville, N.C.)
External links
MERCANTILE'S HISTORY Buying up small chains was key. Tuesday, May 19, 1998 BY LISA BIANK FASIG The Cincinnati Enquirer
Defunct department stores of the United States
Retail companies established in 1916
Retail companies disestablished in 1986
1916 establishments in New York (state)
May Department Stores |
3998214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted%20bush%20quail | Painted bush quail | The painted bush quail (Perdicula erythrorhyncha) is a species of quail found in the hill forests of India. They move in small coveys on hillsides and are distinguished by their red bills and legs. They have a liquid alarm call and small groups will run in single file along paths before taking flight when flushed.
Description
This quail is darkish brightly colored with a deep red bill and legs, eye-catching even in flight. The female has brick-red underpart and lacks the white throat and head stripe of the male. The male has a black face with a white supercilium and throat. These quail are typically found in a covey of 6 to 10 birds. They come out in open grassy patches or on forest roads and cart tracks to feed on seeds or grain (and small insects) and dust-bathe in the morning and evening. The covey quickly reunites by the constant call of the members to one another. A series of soft whistles are heard when members of a scattered covey regroup. The territorial call of male is a pleasant, oft-repeated triple note .
It is long and weighs roughly .
Distribution and habitat
This species is mainly found in the hill forests of peninsular India. There are two apparently disjunct populations. Subspecies blewitti is found in the Satpuras and extends into the northern Eastern Ghats (East to Lammasinghi). This subspecies was described by Hume and named after F.R. Blewitt who sent him specimens from Raipur. The male has the frontal black band narrower and the white band around it being broader. The chestnut on the belly is paler. Overall, blewitti is smaller and paler than the nominate subspecies of the Western Ghats (south of Pune. Sykes described the nominate form based on specimens from the valley of "Karleh", 35 miles northwest of Pune), the Nilgiris and hills of southern India including the Biligirirangans and Shevaroys.
Behaviour and ecology
These quails are usually seen in small groups of 8 to 10. When flushed they scatter in different directions and then begin rally calling to reunite. Males are believed to be monogynous. They are pugnacious and trappers are known to use decoy males to capture others. The call of the breeding male is a kirkee..kirkee and other calls include soft whistles which rises and falls in pitch.
The nesting season varies locally, but is said to breed mainly in December to March. Nests are typically found in the ground at the root of a bush or grass clump, sometimes thinly lined with grass. The female lays 4 to 7 eggs at a time, which are incubated by the female alone for 16–18 days before hatching. Females are said to defend their young often by attacking dogs and even humans that intrude. Chicks are said to be able to fly at a very early age.
A flagellate parasite Hypotrichomonas avium (Parabasalia: Hypotrichomonadida) was described from a specimen found in the intestine of a painted bush quail.
References
External links
Photos and videos
painted bush quail
Birds of India
Endemic birds of India
painted bush quail |
3998216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim%20attitudes%20toward%20terrorism | Muslim attitudes toward terrorism | There is a wide range of Muslim attitudes towards terrorism.
The killing of innocent human beings (whether Muslim or non-Muslim) and unlawful confiscation of property is a major sin in Islam and is strictly forbidden in the Sharia.
Condemnation and opposition
In the article "Why are there no condemnations from Muslim sources against terrorists?" Ontario Consultants on Religious Tolerance summarizes:
Some Muslims have spoken out against 9/11.
A 2007 Pew Research Center study of several nations throughout the Muslim world showed that opposition to suicide bombing in the Muslim world is increasing, with a majority of Muslims surveyed in 10 out of the 16 of the countries responding that suicide bombings and other violence against civilians is "never" justified, though an average of 38% believe it is justified at least rarely. Opposition to Hamas was the majority opinion in only 4 out of the 16 countries surveyed, as was opposition to Hezbollah. The Pew Research Study did not include Iran, Iraq, Saudi Arabia, Syria, Afghanistan, Tunisia, Libya, and Algeria in the survey, although densely populated Muslim countries such as Pakistan, Egypt, Indonesia, and Bangladesh were included.
A YouGov survey for the Daily Telegraph, published two weeks after the July 2005 bombings in the London Underground, showed that 88% of British Muslims were opposed to the bombings, while 6% (about 100,000 individuals) fully supported them, and one British Muslim in four expressed some sympathy with the motives of the bombers. A 2007 poll found that one Muslim in four thought the Government had staged the bombings and framed the Muslims convicted. A 2011 study by Pew Research showed that 64% of Muslim Americans thought that there was not much or no support among them for extremism, while 6% thought there was a great deal, and 15% thought there was a fair amount. A 2015 survey showed that most people in many nations with significant Muslim populations view the Islamic State of Iraq and Syria unfavorably; these views were especially common in Jordan and Lebanon. However, in Pakistan, 62% of people polled offered no opinion, while 20% of Muslims in Nigeria and 12% of those in Malaysia had a favorable view of ISIS. The survey did not include Iran, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Yemen, Syria, Iraq, Egypt, Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Sudan and Libya.
In 2010 Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri issued the Fatwa on Terrorism, endorsed by Al-Azhar University in Cairo, Egypt.
In 2008 the 9 killed Mumbai militants who perpetrated the 2008 Mumbai attacks were refused an Islamic burial by influential Muslim Jama Masjid Trust who stated 'People who committed this heinous crime cannot be called Muslim'.
Northwest Airlines Flight 253
The bombing attempt on Northwest Airlines Flight 253 was condemned by Muslim groups. In Canada, a group of Canadian and U.S. Islamic leaders issued a fatwa, or religious edict, condemning any attacks by extremists or terrorists on the United States or Canada and declaring that an attack by extremists on the two countries would constitute an attack on Muslims living in North America. "In our view, these attacks are evil, and Islam requires Muslims to stand up against this evil," said the fatwa signed by the 20 imams associated with the Islamic Supreme Council of Canada. It concludes that Muslims "must expose any person, Muslim or non-Muslim, who would cause harm to fellow Canadians or Americans". One of the imams was reported saying: "it is religious obligation upon Muslims, based upon the Qur'anic teachings, that we have to be loyal to the country where we live". The fatwa also indicated that religious leaders have a duty to show others around the world that Muslims in Canada and the U.S. "have complete freedom to practice Islam" and that "any attack on Canada and the United States is an attack on the freedom of Canadian and American Muslims."
2011 Alexandria bombing
As gesture of solidarity with the country's Coptic Christian minority, Egyptian Muslims showed up at churches on the eve of the Coptic Christmas on 6 January 2011 during mass service forming a "human shield" against any possible further attacks.
In the days before the mass, Muslims and Copts joined together in a show of solidarity that included street protests, rallies, and widespread Facebook unity campaigns calling for an "Egypt for All". In Lebanon, separate condemnations came from the Sunni Mufti of the Republic Mohammad Qabbani and Deputy Head of the Shiite Supreme Council Abdul Amir Qabalan. Hamas has also condemned the bombing in Alexandria, assigning the blame to hidden hands that do not wish well for Egypt and its Muslim and Christian people and seek to inflame sectarian strife. Hamas in its statement sent condolences to Egypt and the victims' families, and hoped that facts would be disclosed the soonest and that those responsible would be brought to justice.
In response to the attacks, Amr Khaled, an influential Egyptian Muslim preacher, launched a campaign to fight sectarian incitement made on the internet, which he believed to be a cause of the violence witnessed on New Year's Eve.
Yemen
In November 2010, thousands of Yemeni tribesmen vowed to back the government's efforts in its battles against Al-Qaeda and promised to fight alongside the troops. Chieftain Naji bin Abdul-Aziz al-Shaif of the northern powerful Bakeel tribe and the organizer of the rally stated: "We will fight against al-Qaida group as it harmed the reputation of the country, Yemeni tribes and Muslims...We expressed our sorrow to all countries and people who were harmed by al-Qaida and we demanded President Ali Abdullah Saleh to handle the situation and we will stand by him."
Islamism
Iranian Ayatollah Ozma Seyyed Yousef Sanei issued a fatwa (ruling) that suicide attacks against civilians are legitimate only in the context of war.
Abdelrahman al-Rashid, a Muslim and the managing director of Arab news channel Al-Arabiya, stated that "It is a certain fact that not all Muslims are terrorists, but it is equally certain, and exceptionally painful, that almost all terrorists are Muslims" and blamed radical clerics for hijacking the peace-loving and tolerant religion of Islam. Statistics compiled by the United States government's Counterterrorism Center present a more complicated picture. 21% of fatalities of known and specified terrorist incidents in 2006 were attributed to Islamic extremists. A majority of over-all incidents were considered of either "unknown/unspecified" or a secular political nature. The vast majority of the "unknown/unspecified" terrorism fatalities did however happen in Islamic regions such as Iraq, Afghanistan and India.
According to the Country Reports on Terrorism 2011 published in 2012 by the U.S. National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC), "Sunni extremists accounted for the greatest number of terrorist attacks and fatalities for the third consecutive year. More than 5,700 incidents were attributed to Sunni extremists, accounting for nearly 56 percent of all attacks and about 70 percent of all fatalities." The report said that in 2011, a total of 10,283 terrorism attacks across the world killed 12,533 people. Terrorism was also blamed for 25,903 injuries and 5,554 kidnappings. According to the NCTC, of the 12,533 terrorism-related deaths worldwide, 8,886 were perpetrated by "Sunni extremists", 1,926 by "secular/political/anarchist" groups, 1,519 by "unknown" factions, and 170 by a category described as "other"
Demonstrations in support
Upon Osama bin Laden's death, some Muslims in the UK came out on the streets in support of bin Laden, praising him as an Islamic hero and condemned the role of the US and the West in killing him. The protest was organised by the activist Anjem Choudary, who earlier praised both 7/7 and the September 11 attacks, and was later jailed for his support of ISIS.
Polls
Gallup polls
A Gallup poll published in 2011, "suggests that one's religious identity and level of devotion have little to do with one's views about targeting civilians." The results of the survey suggested that "human development and governance - not piety or culture" were the strongest factors in explaining the public's view of violence toward civilians. In a Gallup World Poll in 2011, residents of the Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member states were less likely to justify the targeting and killing of civilians than residents of non-OIC states:
In Organisation of Islamic Cooperation (OIC) member states, 18% believe military attacks on civilians justified and 14% believe individual attacks on civilians justified.
In non-OIC states, 24% believe military attacks on civilians justified and 17% believe individual attacks on civilians justified.
In a regional breakdown, Gallup found that North Americans were most likely to justify military attacks on civilians, while residents of the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region were most likely to oppose them. When asked about whether it is justifiable for the military to target and kill civilians:
In Asia, 58% said it is never justifiable, 12% said it is sometimes justifiable, and 15% said it depends.
In the post-Soviet states, 56% said it is never justifiable, 8% said it is sometimes justifiable, and 20% said it depends.
In the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, 85% said it is never justifiable, 9% said it is sometimes justifiable, and 4% said it depends.
In Sub-Saharan Africa, 66% said it is never justifiable, 17% said it is sometimes justifiable, and 11% said it depends.
In the United States and Canada, 50% said it is never justifiable, 47% said it is sometimes justifiable, and 2% said it depends.
In Europe, 69% said it is never justifiable, 12% said it is sometimes justifiable, and 11% said it depends.
In another 2011 Gallup poll, they surveyed Americans, and found that Muslim Americans were less likely to justify the targeting and killing of civilians than other Americans.
John Esposito, using poll data from Gallup, wrote in 2008 that Muslims and Americans were equally likely to reject violence against civilians. He also found that those Muslims who support violence against civilians are no more religious than Muslims who do not. A later 2011 Gallup World Poll found that, in the MENA (Middle East and North Africa) region, "those who reject military and individual attacks on civilians are more likely to say religion is an important part of their daily lives."
Other polls
According to an ICM Research poll in 2006, 20% of British Muslims felt sympathy with the July 7 terrorist bombers' "feelings and motives", although 99% thought the bombers were wrong to carry out the attack. In another poll by NOP Research in 2006, almost one in four British Muslims believe that the 7/7 attacks on London were justified.
In a Pew Research study from 2006, at least 1 in 4 respondents in six Muslim-majority nations surveyed, except Turkey where it was 4%, had at least some confidence in Bin Laden, In Jordan, 24% expressed at least some confidence, in Pakistan 38%, in Nigeria 61%. In the 4 European countries surveyed, it varied greatly. 5% of Muslim in France and 7% in Germany expressed at least some confidence, in United Kingdom and Spain however this number was 14 and 16% respectively.
Pew has shown a large drop in confidence in Bin Laden from 2003 to 2011 amongst nations it surveyed. Confidence in him decreased to 34% in 2011 in Palestine, from a high of 74% in 2003. The same trend was observed in other nations: 26% in Indonesia as compared to 59% in 2003, 13% in Jordan in 2011 as compared to 56% in 2003, 3% in Turkey in 2011 as compared to 15% in 2003. The lowest was in Lebanon where only 1% had any confidence in him, down from 19% in 2003. Change compared to 6 countries surveyed in 2010 was minimal. Egypt however showed a confidence of 22% as compared to 19% in 2010.
A 2010 Zogby poll reported that 69% of American Muslims supported stronger laws to fight terrorism.
A 2013 Pew Research Center poll asked Muslims around the world whether suicide bombings and other forms of violence against civilians are justified to defend Islam. Globally, 72% of Muslims said it is never justified (compared to 81% of those in the US, according to a 2011 survey). About 14% of Muslims in the nations surveyed (and 8% of Muslims in the US) said violence against civilians is "often" or "sometimes" justified. 46% of Muslims in Bangladesh believe attacks are either somewhat justified or often justified or rarely justified, 28% in Malaysia, 15% in Iraq, 44% in Jordan, 57% in Egypt, 57% in Afghanistan and 55% in the Palestinian territories. The survey did not include some Muslim nations, such as Iran, Saudi Arabia, Algeria, Yemen, Syria, and Libya, but did include densely populated Muslim countries such as Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt, Nigeria and Indonesia.
According to a 2007 poll conducted by the PolicyExchange think tank in Britain, nearly 60% said they would prefer to live under British law, while 37% of 16- to 24-year-olds said they would prefer sharia law, against 17% of those over 55. Also 36% of 16- to 24-year-olds British Muslims believed that those converting to another religion should be executed. Less than a fifth of those over 55 think so.
In 2004, a year after the invasion of Iraq, Pew Research Center survey found that suicide bombings against Americans and other Westerners in Iraq were seen as "justifiable" by many Jordanians (70%), Pakistanis (46%), and Turks (31%). At the same time, the survey found that support for the U.S.-led War on Terror had increased.
A 2005 Pew Research study, that involved 17,000 people in 17 countries showed support for terrorism was declining in the Muslim world along with a growing belief that Islamic extremism represents a threat to those countries. A 2005 Daily Telegraph survey showed that 88% of Muslims said the July 2005 bombings in the London Underground were unjustified, while 6% disagreed. However it also found that 24% of British Muslims showed some sympathy with the people who carried out the attacks.
Polls taken by Saudi owned Al Arabiya and Gallup suggested moderate support for the September 11 terrorist attacks within the Arab world, with 36% of Arabs polled by Al Arabiya saying the 9/11 attacks were morally justified, 38% disagreeing and 26% of those polled being unsure. A 2008 study, produced by Gallup, found similar results with 38.6% of Muslims questioned believing the 9/11 attacks were justified. Another poll conducted, in 2005 by the Fafo Foundation in the Palestinian Authority, found that 65% of respondents supported the September 11 attacks.
Suicide bombings
In a 2006 Pew poll in response to a question on whether suicide bombing and other forms of violence against civilian targets to defend Islam could be justified,
In Europe
(35 vs 64) 64% of Muslims in France believed it could never be justified, 19% believed it could be justified rarely, 16% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
(24 vs 70) 70% of Muslims in the UK believed it could never be justified, 9% believed it could be justified rarely, 15% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
(13 vs 83) 83% of Muslims in Germany believed it could never be justified, 6% believed it could be justified rarely, 7% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
(25 vs 69) 69% of Muslims in Spain believed it could never be justified, 9% believed it could be justified rarely, 16% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
In mainly Muslim countries
(53 vs 45) 45% of Muslims in Egypt believed it could never be justified, 25% believed it could be justified rarely, 28% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
(26 vs 61) 61% of Muslims in Turkey believed it could never be justified, 9% believed it could be justified rarely, 17% thought it could be justified often or sometimes
(57 vs 43) 43% of Muslims in Jordan believed it could never be justified, 28% believed it could be justified rarely, 29% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
(69 vs 28) 28% of Muslims in Nigeria believed it could never be justified, 23% believed it could be justified rarely, 46% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
(22 vs 69) 69% of Muslims in Pakistan believed it could never be justified, 8% believed it could be justified rarely, 14% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
(28 vs 71) 71% of Muslims in Indonesia believed it could never be justified, 18% believed it could be justified rarely, 10% thought it could be justified often or sometimes.
In 2007, 17% of Muslims in Palestinian territories believed it could rarely or never be justified, and 70% thought it could be justified sometimes or often. In comparison, 32% stated in 2014 it was never justified, while 13% said it was rarely justified, 46% said it is often or sometimes justified. A 2011 report by Pew Research stated that 81% of American Muslim thought it was never justified, 5% said rarely, 7% sometimes and 1% often.
In a 2013 poll, 91% of Muslims in Iraq said suicide bombings to defend Islam from enemies could never/rarely be justified while 7% said it was often/sometimes. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, 96% said it was never/rarely justified while 3% said often/sometimes. In Albania, 93% said it was never/rarely justified while 6% said often/sometimes. In Russia, 90% said never/rarely while 4% said often/sometimes. In Kosovo, 82% said it was never/rarely justified while 11% said often/sometimes. In Azerbaijan, 96% said it was never/rarely while 1% said often/sometimes. In Tajikistan, 85% said never/rarely while 3% said often/sometimes. In Kazakhstan, 95% said never/rarely while 2% said often/sometimes. In Kyrygztsan, 82% said never/rarely while 10% said often/sometimes. In Afghanistan, 58% said never/rarely and 39% often/sometimes. In Morocco, 74% said never/sometimes and 9% said often/sometimes.
A 2014 Pew poll showed that support for suicide bombings had fallen to a great degree in Muslim-majority nations over the last decade:
(46 vs 45) In Lebanon, 45% it could never justified, 25% rarely and 29% said often/sometimes.
(59 vs 38) In Egypt, 38% said it could never be justified, 35% rarely while 24% said often/sometimes.
(29 vs 58) In Turkey, 58% said never, 11% rarely while 18% said often/sometimes.
(44 vs 55) In Jordan, 55% said never, 29% rarely while 15% said often/sometimes.
(8 vs 90) In Tunisia, 90% said never, 3% rarely while 5% said often/sometimes.
(61 vs 33) In Bangladesh, 33% said never, 14% rarely and 47% said often/sometimes.
(33 vs 60) In Malaysia, 60% said never, 15% rarely and 18% often/sometimes.
(22 vs 76) In Indonesia, 76% said never, 13% rarely and 9% often/sometimes.
(7 vs 83) In Pakistan, 83% said never, 4% rarely and 3% often/sometimes.
(34 vs 60) In Nigeria, 60% said never, 15% rarely and 19% often/sometimes.
(31 vs 56) In Senegal, 56% said never, 16% rarely and 15% often/sometimes.
In mostly non-Muslim nations:
(45 vs 50) In Tanzania, 50% said never, 19% said rarely and 26% said often/sometimes.
(46 vs 48) In Israel, 48% said never, 30% rarely and 16% said often/sometimes.
Western perspectives
Michael Scott Doran wrote in the journal Foreign Affairs that Islam seemed to be polarised between pro-Western and pro-jihadi mentalities, enabling a clear divide between opponents and proponents of violent action. The International Crisis Group wrote in their 2005 report Understanding Islamism that Islamic ideological and political spectrums were far more diverse than this idea suggests. American policy is unpopular among some Muslims, the report argued, yet this hostility did not directly translate to support for or participation in global jihad, and for political Islamists who support non-violent measures it could not be assumed that they are in agreement with Western agendas. Researchers have studied the condemnation of terrorism by European Muslim representatives, committees, and umbrella organizations, but also the everyday resistance to violent extremism in various Muslim communities.
See also
Muslims Condemn, a project documenting instances of Muslims condemning terrorism
Islamic terrorism
Definition of terrorism
Peace movement
Fasad
Political aspects of Islam
References
Islam-related controversies
Islamic belief and doctrine
Islamic terrorism
Public opinion |
3998226 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20Fathom%20Five%20%28film%29 | Full Fathom Five (film) | Full Fathom Five is a 1990 action film, written by Bart Davis and directed by Carl Franklin, starring Michael Moriarty, Maria Rangel, and Diego Bertie. It was shot in Peru.
Plot
Full Fathom Five, based on the novel by Bart Davis, is set in the days preceding the United States invasion of Panama in 1989. , a fictional , rescues agents from Panama, and Peter MacKenzie (Michael Moriarty), the submarine's commanding officer, promptly falls in love with the beautiful Justine (Maria Rangel). Meanwhile, Panamanian rebels seize a Soviet submarine (the "Victor Three class submarine CCCP Kirov") and threaten America with a nuclear attack on Houston, Texas. Only MacKenzie and his crew can stop the villains.
Cast
Michael Moriarty as McKenzie
Todd Field as Johnson
Michael Cavanaugh as Garvin
Maria Rangel as Justine
John Lafayette as Lasovic
Orlando Sacha as Barrista
Daniel Faraldo as Santillo
Carl Franklin as Fletcher
References
External links
1990 films
American films
Films directed by Carl Franklin
1990 action films
Cold War submarine films |
3998232 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marvin%20Pierce | Marvin Pierce | Marvin Pierce (June 17, 1893 – July 17, 1969) was president of McCall Corporation, the publisher of the popular women's magazines Redbook and McCall's. He was the father of United States First Lady Barbara Pierce Bush, the maternal grandfather of former U.S. President George W. Bush and former Florida Governor Jeb Bush, and the father-in-law of former U.S. President George H. W. Bush.
Early life
Marvin Pierce was born on June 17, 1893 in Sharpsville, Pennsylvania, to Mabel Pierce (née Marvin; 1869–1955) and Scott Pierce (1866–1945). Mr. Pierce was an insurance salesman in Dayton, Ohio. His ancestor Thomas Pierce (1618–1683), an early New England colonist, was also an ancestor of Franklin Pierce, the 14th President of the United States. Marvin was a 1916 graduate of Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, where he was a member of Beta Theta Pi fraternity, he was nicknamed "Monk" and was a stand-out athlete in football, basketball, baseball and tennis. He was inducted into Miami's Athletic Hall of Fame in 1972. He also received graduate degrees from MIT in civil engineering and from Harvard in architectural engineering.
Career
Pierce served as the president of McCall Corporation, the publisher of the popular women's magazines Redbook and McCall's.
Personal life
Pierce's first marriage (August 1918) was to Pauline Robinson (1896-1949), who was born on 28 April 1896 to Ohio Supreme Court justice James E. Robinson and his wife Lula Dell Flickinger. They had four children together:
Martha Pierce Rafferty (1920–1999), mother of filmmakers Kevin Rafferty and Pierce Rafferty
James Pierce (1922–1993)
Barbara Pierce Bush (1925–2018), First Lady of the United States from 1989 to 1993.
Scott Pierce (1930-2022) – named for his grandfather
W magazine once described Pauline Robinson as "beautiful, fabulous, critical, and meddling" and "a former beauty from Ohio with extravagant tastes". Pauline was killed at age 53 in a September 1949 automotive accident when Marvin, the driver, hit a tree in Harrison, Westchester County, New York. His granddaughter Pauline Robinson Bush (1949-1953), was named after her.
Their third child, Barbara Pierce, later became the wife of the 41st President of the United States, George H. W. Bush, mother of the 43rd President of the United States, George W. Bush and of the 43rd Governor of Florida, Jeb Bush.
Pierce's second marriage (June 1952) was to Willa Gray Martin (1911–2006) (who died during his grandson's presidency), an artist and Associated Press reporter.
He also has at least 17 great-grandchildren, including Jenna Bush Hager, and at least 11 great-great-grandchildren.
Death and legacy
Pierce died on July 17, 1969 in Rye, New York at the age of 76 and was interred at Greenwood Union Cemetery. Marvin Pierce Bush, one of his grandsons, is named after him. He was survived by his children, two daughters-in-law, two sons-in-law (one of whom is George H. W. Bush), and his grandchildren (one of whom is George W. Bush). He was preceded in death by his granddaughter Pauline Robinson Bush in October 1953.
References
External links
Barbara Pierce Bush National First Ladies Library
1893 births
1969 deaths
American magazine publishers (people)
Franklin Pierce family
Miami RedHawks football players
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
MIT School of Engineering alumni
People from Mercer County, Pennsylvania
Players of American football from Pennsylvania |
3998246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painted%20spurfowl | Painted spurfowl | The painted spurfowl (Galloperdix lunulata) is a bird of the pheasant family found in rocky hill and scrub forests mainly in peninsular India. Males are more brightly coloured and spotted boldly in white. Males have two to four spurs while females can have one or two of the spurs on their tarsus. The species is found mainly in rocky and scrub forest habitats unlike the red spurfowl. It is found in the undergrowth in pairs or small groups, escaping by running and rarely taking to the wing when flushed.
Description
This spurfowl is distinctive in having no bare facial skin as in the red spurfowl. The male has a black tail and ochre underparts that contrast with the darker upperparts. The plumage of the upper parts and the feathers have white spots edged with black. The head and neck of the male are black with a green sheen and finely spotted in white while the mantle, rump and wing coverts are chestnut. The female is much duller with a rufous brow and ear coverts. The throat is pale and spotted as in the male but the female lacks white spotting on the body. The bill and legs are dark grey, with two to four tarsal spurs on the male. Females can also have one or two spurs. The tail is sometimes carried upright.
Distribution and habitat
The painted spurfowl is found in some parts of the Aravalli ranges in Rajasthan, the hills of central India (Pachmarhi) and the rocky hills and dry forest areas of southern India. They have also been recorded in the Nallamala region in the Andhra Pradesh eastern Ghats. The habitat is drier than that of the red spurfowl. In parts of southern India, they are found in rocky hills with scrub slopes, a habitat that is also used by the yellow-throated bulbul.
Behaviour and ecology
The painted spurfowlis found in pairs or small family parties of up to 6 individuals and tends to stay in the undergrowth, rarely taking to flight. The call is a loud repeated series of chuguk calls. They feed on berries (including Ziziphus oenoplia and Lantana camara) as well as insects and flowers (Madhuca longifolia); and visit waterholes in the early morning. The breeding season is January to June (mainly February, but chicks have been seen in August, after the rains, in parts of Rajasthan). Courtship involves the male offering food held in the bill to the hen. Spurfowl are as a genus thought to be monogamous. The nest is a scrape in the ground lined with leaves often located below a boulder. The clutch is three to four, rarely five, pale creamy eggs. Only the female incubates, but both parents take care of the chicks. They will use distraction displays to lead predators away from the chicks.
References
External links
Videos and other media
painted spurfowl
Birds of India
Endemic birds of India
painted spurfowl |
3998265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20J.%20Harris | William J. Harris | William Julius Harris (February 3, 1868April 18, 1932) was a United States senator from the state of Georgia. He was a great-grandson of Charles Hooks, who had been a Representative from North Carolina, and son-in-law of Joseph Wheeler, Confederate General and Representative from Alabama.
Early life
Harris was born in Cedartown in Polk County, Georgia, and attended the common schools. He graduated from the University of Georgia at Athens in 1890.
He married Julia Knox Hull Wheeler (November 27, 1870 - January 6, 1959), daughter of Joseph Wheeler.
Career
He engaged in the general insurance business and banking at Cedartown, Georgia. He served as private secretary to U.S. Senator Alexander S. Clay from 1904 to 1909.
Entering politics, Harris was elected as a Democrat to the Georgia Senate in 1911 and 1912. From 1913 to 1915 he served as appointed Director of the United States Census Bureau; he also served as Acting Secretary of the Department of Commerce from 1913 to 1915. In 1915 he resigned when he was appointed as a member of the Federal Trade Commission.
He was chairman of the FTC 1917-1918. In 1918, he was elected as a Democrat to the US Senate, and reelected in 1924 and 1930. He served in total from March 4, 1919 until his death. While in the Senate, Harris was a member of the National Forest Reservation Commission from 1929 to 1932.
He died of a heart attack in Washington, D.C. Funeral services were held in the Chamber of the United States Senate. His interment was in Greenwood Cemetery in Cedartown.
After Harris' death in 1932, the governor of Georgia, Richard Russell, Jr., declared a special election for September of that year to fill the vacant seat. Russell declared his own candidacy and won the election to replace Harris.
See also
List of United States Congress members who died in office (1900–49)
References
Master of the Senate: The Years of Lyndon Johnson, 2002, Robert A. Caro, p. 174
External links
1868 births
1932 deaths
United States senators from Georgia (U.S. state)
Directors of the United States Census Bureau
Georgia (U.S. state) state senators
University of Georgia alumni
Democratic Party United States senators
People from Cedartown, Georgia
Georgia (U.S. state) Democrats
United States Census Bureau people
State political party chairs of Georgia (U.S. state)
Woodrow Wilson administration personnel |
3998266 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oddaverjar%20family%20clan | Oddaverjar family clan | The Oddaverjar (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ) were a powerful family clan in the medieval Icelandic Commonwealth. They were based in Oddi at in South Iceland. Their ascendancy was during the second half of the 12th century, but their power subsequently waned. They play only a minor role in the Icelandic civil war during the Age of the Sturlungs. Only after the signing of the Gamli sáttmáli ("Old Covenant") did they oppose the influence of Gissur Þorvaldsson, Earl of Iceland.
The Oddverjar traced their roots to the first Icelandic settlers. The first known Oddaverji was Sæmundur Sigfússon fróði ("Sæmundur The Knowledgeable"), an early 12th century scholar.
References
Further reading
Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg, Helgi Skúli Kjartansson Íslenskur sögu atlas: 1. bindi: Frá öndverðu til 18. aldar Almenna bókafélagið, Reykjavík 1989
Icelandic family clans |
3998271 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Full%20Fathom%20Five | Full Fathom Five | Full Fathom Five may refer to:
Full fathom five (catchphrase)
"Full Fathom Five" (Tempest), verse passage in Shakespeare play
Organizations
Full Fathom Five (band)
Full Fathom Five, content production company started and owned by novelist James Frey
Titled musical works
Albums:
Live releases by Clutch:
Full Fathom Five (album) (CD)
Full Fathom Five: Video Field Recordings
Full Fathom Five (1994), by Sub Sub
Songs:
"Full Fathom Five", a tune composed by lutenist Robert Johnson in 1611 for the original stage production of Shakespeare's The Tempest.
"Full Fathom Five", in Three Shakespeare Songs by Ralph Vaughan Williams
"Full Fathom Five" (1922)
Composition by Martin Shaw (composer)
"Full Fathom Five" is sung by Marianne Faithfull on her 1965 album Come My Way
"Full Fathom Five", a backwards-masked version of "Elephant Stone" by The Stone Roses
"Full Fathom Five" Composition for unaccompanied SATB Choir by Michael McDermott from his "International Festival of The Sea" Suite recorded in 1999 by The Band of Her Majesty's Royal Marines] Choir
Other titled works
Full Fathom Five, a 1947 painting by Jackson Pollock
"Full Fathom Five" a 1929 short story by Alexander Woollcott
Full Fathom Five, a 2014 novel by Max Gladstone
Full Fathom Five, a 1965 novel by John Stewart Carter
Dramatic works:
"Full Fathom Five" is episode #21 which deals with submarine warfare, of the Victory at Sea television series.
"Full Fathom Five," an episode of the original Hawaii Five-O
Full Fathom Five (film) (1990)
"Full Fathom Five" (Doctor Who audio)
See also
Fathom Five National Marine Park is a largely underwater national park in Georgian Bay, Ontario, Canada. |
3998273 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldwater%27s | Goldwater's | Goldwater's Department Store was a department store chain based in Phoenix, Arizona.
History
Michael Goldwater, the grandfather of U.S. Senator and 1964 presidential candidate Barry Goldwater, established a trading post in 1860 in Gila City, Arizona Territory. In 1872, he moved to Phoenix.
Associated Dry Goods Corp. acquired Goldwater's in 1963 and expanded it to nine stores in the following decades, establishing stores in Tucson, Albuquerque and Las Vegas markets. In 1986, May Department Stores acquired Associated and in 1989 it dissolved the Goldwater's division. Seven of its stores were rebranded as parts of the J. W. Robinson's, May Company California and May D&F divisions. At this time, May sold the Tucson stores to Dillard's because of overlap with its recently acquired Foley's unit. May Department Stores merged its May Company California and J. W. Robinson's divisions in 1993 as Robinsons-May, reuniting the Phoenix and Las Vegas stores under one nameplate while the May D&F unit in New Mexico became Foley's. Following the Federated Department Stores purchase of May in 2006, several of the remaining former Goldwater's locations became Macy's, while the former flagship location at Scottsdale Fashion Square was demolished to make way for Barneys New York, which itself closed in 2016.
The Goldwater family reclaimed the store's old logo in 1989 and reincarnated it as a food company called Goldwater's Foods and now headed by Goldwater's granddaughter Carolyn Goldwater Ross.
Locations
Goldwater's locations included
Noble Building, Phoenix (opened 1910)
Cortez & Union Streets, Prescott (opened September 18, 1937)
Park Central Mall, Phoenix (opened November 8, 1956)
Scottsdale Fashion Square, Scottsdale (opened October 9, 1961)
Metrocenter Mall, Phoenix (opened October 21, 1973)
Coronado Center, Albuquerque (opened February 16, 1976)
El Con Center, Tucson (opened August 14, 1978)
Fiesta Mall, Mesa (opened August 13, 1979)
Paradise Valley Mall, Phoenix (opened August 11, 1980)
Fashion Show Mall, Las Vegas (opened 1981)
Foothills Mall, Tucson (opened 1982)
See also
List of defunct department stores of the United States
References
Further reading
Edwards, Lee. (1995) Goldwater: The Man Who Made a Revolution, Washington, D.C.: Regnery Publishing, Inc. .
Goldberg, Robert A. (1997) Barry Goldwater, New Haven, Connecticut: Yale University Press. .
Hess, Karl (1967) In a cause that will triumph: the Goldwater campaign and the future of Conservatism, New York: Doubleday.
Kessel, John H. (1968) The Goldwater Coalition: Republican Strategies in 1964, New York: Bobbs-Merrill. ISBN N/A.
External links
Goldwater Foods
Defunct department stores based in Arizona
Defunct companies based in Arizona
Companies based in Phoenix, Arizona
Retail companies established in 1860
Retail companies disestablished in 1989
1860 establishments in New Mexico Territory
1989 disestablishments in Arizona
Jews and Judaism in Phoenix, Arizona |
3998275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Landow%20%28filmmaker%29 | George Landow (filmmaker) | George Landow (1944 – June 8, 2011), also known as Owen Land, was a painter, writer, photographer and experimental filmmaker. He also worked under the pen names Orphan Morphan and Apollo Jize.
According to the film historian Mark Webber, Land made some of his first films as a teenager and his later films, made mostly during the 1960s and 1970s, are some of the first examples of the "structural film" movement. Land's films usually involve word play and have been described by Webber as having humor and wit that separates his films from the "boring" world of avant-garde cinema.
His work is also known to parody the experimental and "structural film" movement, as featured in his 1975 film Wide Angle Saxon. His style of filmmaking is also inspired by Bertolt Brecht, educational films, advertising and television, and employs devices used by such in his films to destroy any sense of "reality", as exhibited in What's Wrong With this Picture 1 and Remedial Reading Comprehension.
Shortly after the release of his film On the Marriage Broker Joke as Cited by Sigmund Freud... (1977), Landow rearranged his name to Owen Land. It is an anagram of "Landow N.E.". Land was the model for Robert Heinlein's character Jubal Harshaw, unbeknownst to Heinlein.
The book Two Films By Owen Land (Lux, London) has the complete scripts of Landow/Land's films Wide Angle Saxon and On the Marriage Broker Joke as Cited by Sigmund Freud in Wit and its Relation to the Unconscious or Can the Avant-Garde Artist Be Wholed?, as well as footnotes written by Land interpreting the many references and elements of these two films and a filmography by Mark Webber. Released in May 2011, the book Dialogues - a film by Owen Land (Paraguay Press, Paris) has the complete script of his last film, as well as two interviews with the artist and essays written by Philippe Pirotte, Julia Strebelow and Chris Sharp.
Biography
Education, live theater and retrospectives
Land was born and raised in Connecticut, USA, and studied drawing, painting, sculpture, industrial design and architecture at Pratt Institute, Art Students League of New York and New York Academy of Art. He graduated with an MFA in painting from New York Academy of Art. He also studied acting and acting improvisation at Goodman Drama School and The Second City in Chicago. His music studies include classical and flamenco guitar, classical piano and music composition and Hindustani classical music at the Ali Akbar Kahn College of Music in San Rafael, California. He taught film production at the School of the Art Institute of Chicago, Northwestern University, San Francisco Art Institute and Art Center College of Design in Pasadena, California. He founded the Experimental Theater Workshop at The Art Institute of Chicago and wrote and directed several musical theater pieces, with original songs and music, including Mechanical Sensuality and Schwimmen mit Wimmen. Retrospectives of Land’s films have been held at the Edinburgh International Film Festival in Scotland, the Museum of the Moving Image in Astoria, New York, the International Film Festival Rotterdam in the Netherlands, the Tate Gallery in London, Kunsthalle Bern in Switzerland, and the Whitney Museum of American Art. Until his death, Land was represented by Office Baroque in Brussels, Belgium.
Death
Land was found dead in his Los Angeles apartment on June 8, 2011. His death was announced by Office Baroque on July 13, though the cause of death was not made public.
Filmography
Dialogues is informed by Land's study of folklore, myth and history, and the theology of all major religions, including Gnosticism and Kabbala. It ironically uses the form of the Platonic dialogue to explore the themes of reincarnation, art criticism and Tantra. It includes pastiches of badly-written well-known Hollywood films, as well as the films of Maya Deren, Stan Brakhage, Jim McBride and others. Dialogues was produced between January 2006 and August 2009 by Eric Michael Kochmer, Benjamin E. Pitts and Skye Le-fever.
References
External links
Office Baroque: Owen Land
Writing on Owen Land (George Landow) by Fred Camper on the Web
Reverence: The Films of Owen Land (a touring exhibition of his films)
Owen Land (George Landow) on e-flux.com
American experimental filmmakers
1944 births
2011 deaths |
3998285 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanfare%20%28decoy%29 | Fanfare (decoy) | The T-Mk 6 Fanfare is a towed sonar decoy developed after the Second World War by the United States Navy. It replaced the Foxer noisemaker. It was more effective than the Foxer, producing a sound similar to a ship's propeller, rather than wideband noise.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060222070937/http://www.de220.com/Armament/Decoys/Decoys.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20060213013431/http://www.de220.com/Mysteries/Mysteries.htm
Sonar decoys
Weapons countermeasures |
3998287 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim%20Zimmerman | Chaim Zimmerman | Aharon Chaim Zimmerman (1914 – March 9, 1995) (7th Adar II 5755) was a Ukrainian-born American Orthodox rabbi.
Biography
Aharon Chaim Zimmerman was born in Konotop, Ukraine. He was the son of Rabbi Yaakov Moshe Zimmerman and nephew of Rabbi Baruch Ber Lebowitz. He was known as a child prodigy ("illui"). As a teenager, he studied at the Kaminetz Yeshiva headed by his uncle, Baruch Ber Lebowitz. He left Russia at age 15 with his father, and immigrated to the U.S.
Rabbinic career
Zimmerman received rabbinical ordination from Rabbi Moshe Soloveitchik in 1939. His first published work, "Binyan Halakha", contains a letter of approbation from the Chief Rabbi of Eretz Israel, Rabbi Yitzchak Halevi Herzog, attesting that the young author was "fully knowledgeable in the entire Talmud Bavli and Yerushalmi, Rishonim, and Achronim".
He served as Rosh Yeshiva of Hebrew Theological College in Chicago until 1964, and later a Rosh Yeshiva in New York City and in Jerusalem. He immigrated to Israel in 1972. He died on March 9, 1995. (7th Adar II 5755)
He published several books on Halacha and Philosophy. He was renowned as a genius in Torah learning, and was also well versed in mathematics, physics, and philosophy. In the early 1950s, when the halachic status of the "international dateline" was the subject of considerable debate, he published his best known work, "Agan HaSahar". He is said to have considered that precious few could understand his work, and printed a very limited edition of only several hundred copies. The book today commands a rich premium from collectors, on the rare occasions when a copy becomes available for sale. His most famous disputant was Rav Menachem Kasher, whom he attacked vigorously in "Agan HaSahar", following Kasher's cavalier dismissal of his published opinions on the dateline controversy.
In his book Torah and Existence, he cogently argues that the purpose of the world revolves around Torah. The first chapter contains an elaboration of his opinion that the founding of the modern State of Israel constituted the "Atchalta d'Geula" (Beginning of the Redemption), though he strongly opposed much of the policies and leadership of the state.
Published Works
Books
Torah and Reason: Insiders and Outsiders of Torah. Jerusalem: "Hed" Press, 1979.
Torah and Existence: Insiders and Outsiders of Torah. Jerusalem: A.A.E. Int'l, 1986.
Torah L'Israel: State Society, Geulat Yisrael. Jerusalem; New York: "Hed" Press, c.1977. Philosophical essays in English and Hebrew.
Death of Zionism. A.A.E. Int'l, 1993.
Sefer Agra La-Yesharim. A.A.E. Int'l, 1983. Essays in Halacha.
Binyan Halakhah. 1942. On Maimonides' Mishneh Torah.
Agan Ha-Sahar. 1955. On the International Dateline and topics on Kiddush HaChodesh.
Malbim On The Torah, translated by Tzvi Faier. Hillel Press, 1978. Includes introductory essay by Rabbi Zimmerman.
He'Aros Chaim - commentary on the sefer Machane Efraim, 1947.
Torah & Rationalism: Understanding Torah and the Mesorah. Feldheim, 2020.
Articles
HaPardes, February 1934: במתנות המזבח
HaPardes, December 1936: מצוה בגדי כהונה
HaPardes, December 1936: בענין גר תושב
HaPardes, April 1937: פסח ומותרו
HaPardes, October 1937: בענין נעבד בקדשים
HaPardes, June 1938: ספק טומאה ברשויות
HaPardes, November 1938: בדין תלוש ולבסוף חבירו
HaPardes, April 1940: פסח במחשבת חולין
HaPardes, June 1940: בדין טומאת אוכלים ומשקין
HaPardes, July 1940: פסח ששחטו לשם חולין
HaPardes, October 1941: טומאת אוכלין
HaPardes, August 1947: טומאת דם בקדשים
HaPardes, November 1948: קדושת בית הכנסת
Kerem, Vol. 1 No. 4 (September, 1953): קביעת קו התאריך
Kerem, Vol. 1 No. 4 (September, 1953): תשובות קצרות (Responsa)
Kerem, August 1958: יסודה של תפילה
Kerem, Vol. 9 No. 1 (February, 1978): יסודי תורה
Yeshurun, Vol 5, 1999: ביאור דברי הגר״א בענין שקיעה
Note: A number of articles in HaPardes were later included in the Binyan Halacha.
Hamaor, 1953: A Responsa: Date Line in Halachah
References
External links
Obituary in the journal HaPardes, May 1995. Brooklyn, NY.
An anecdote of Zimmerman's youth in RIETS
A short profile of Rabbi Zimmerman by Rabbi Harry Maryles
Rav Berel Wein's description of him
1915 births
1995 deaths
Rosh yeshivas
American Orthodox Jews
American Orthodox rabbis
Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Theological Seminary semikhah recipients
Hebrew Theological College rosh yeshivas |
3998293 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Avery | William Avery | William Avery may refer to:
William Avery (Massachusetts politician), a signatory of the Dedham Covenant
Bill Avery (born 1942), Nebraska politician and professor
William Avery (aviator) (died 1942), who piloted glider aircraft of Octave Chanute
William Avery (basketball) (born 1979), American professional basketball player
William Avery, co-founder of W & T Avery Ltd.
Sir William Beilby Avery (1854–1908), philatelist, son of William Avery, and senior partner of W & T Avery Ltd.
William H. Avery (politician) (1911–2009), governor of Kansas
William H. Avery (engineer) (1912–2004), American aeronautics engineer
William Tecumsah Avery (1819–1880), former member of the United States House of Representatives
William Waightstill Avery (1816–1864), member of the Congress of the Confederate States from North Carolina
William B. Avery (1840–1894), American soldier and Medal of Honor recipient |
3998296 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yellow-legged%20buttonquail | Yellow-legged buttonquail | The yellow-legged buttonquail (Turnix tanki) is a buttonquail, one of a small family of birds which resemble, but are unrelated to, the true quails. This family is peculiar in that the females are larger and more colourful than the males and are polyandrous.
Description
The yellow-legged buttonquail is a small quail growing to a length of , the females being slightly larger and more brightly coloured than the males. The weight is for the subspecies Turnix t. tanki, and for the male Turnix t. blanfordii, while the female of this subspecies is . The tail is short and the wings have rounded ends.
The adult male has a black crown with a buff margin, and sometimes a buff central streak. The front and side of the head are buff, the individual feathers having black tips. The throat is pale buff, darkening to reddish-buff at the edges and on the breast, and paling again on the belly, becoming white at the under tail coverts. The sides of the breast are scattered with round black spots. The nape and upper parts of the body and tail are greyish-brown, with reddish and dark brown vermiculations and spotting. The main wing feathers are blackish-brown with buff margins, and the wing coverts are buff with dark spots. The beak is dull yellow, the irises whitish, and the legs and feet deep yellow.
The adult female differs from the male in being a richer colour and in having a broad, reddish-brown collar round the back of the neck. The spots and vermiculations on the back and tail are not so dark, the beak and legs are brighter yellow, and the irises are creamy white or yellowish-brown. In non-breeding plumage, the rufous collar of the female becomes mixed with grey and the other plumage also become greyer. The juvenile is similar to the male in appearance but has dingier plumage, a less vivid breast colour and more fine speckling.
Distribution and habitat
The species is endemic to the Indian subcontinent, East Asia and Southeast Asia. There are two recognised subspecies; T. t. tanki is found in Pakistan, India and Nepal, and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands; and T. t. blanfordii is found in Myanmar, and Indochina, and eastwards to eastern China. It also migrates to and breeds in the Korea peninsular and the southernmost parts of southeast Russia. In most of its range it is a resident species, but it migrates to the drier parts of India in the wet season, and similarly to the southeastern part of Russia, making its journeys by night.
Behaviour
This species is ground-dwelling and usually runs away from danger rather than taking to the air. It is generally seen singly or in pairs.
Feeding
The diet includes green plant material, seeds, and a variety of insects including beetles, ants and grasshoppers.
Breeding
Breeding takes place between March and November, mostly in the wet season. Females have a bright rufous nape collar which is moulted during the non-breeding season. Females offer food to males during courtship and once the eggs are laid, the females leave incubation to the male. The eggs hatch after about 12 days (in captivity) and the chicks follow the male after hatching. The nest is a scoop in the ground lined with grasses and often roofed with bent-down plant stems, having an entrance at the side. A clutch of four greyish-white, blotched eggs is laid and these are incubated by the male alone; they hatch after twelve to sixteen days and the chicks are cared for by the male. After her eggs are laid, the female moves off and selects another mate, with whom she lays another clutch of eggs in a different nest.
Conservation
T. tanki has a very wide range and is a relatively common species. The total number of birds is thought to be stable, and no particular threats to this species have been detected. The International Union for Conservation of Nature has assessed the bird's conservation status as being of "least concern".
References
yellow-legged buttonquail
Birds of South Asia
Birds of East Asia
Birds of Southeast Asia
yellow-legged buttonquail
yellow-legged buttonquail |
3998298 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Star%20Flyer | Star Flyer | Star Flyer is a four masted barquentine built as a cruise ship, and operated by Star Clippers Ltd of Sweden. A luxury vessel, Star Flyer is a sister ship to Star Clipper. Both sailed under the Luxembourg flag until 2010, and now sail under the Maltese flag.
See also
Royal Clipper
Star Clipper
Flying Clipper
Royal Albatross
List of cruise ships
List of large sailing vessels
References
External links
Official website of Star Clippers, the operator of the ship
"Clippers in the Andaman" – review of Star Flyer and Star Clipper by Glenn A. Baker in Cruise Passenger
"Cruise the Jurassic coast" – review in The Australian of a cruise in Costa Rica on the Star Flyer
Star Flyer at Shipspotting.com
Ships built in Belgium
1991 ships
Barquentines
Passenger ships of Sweden |
3998303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manlio%20Argueta | Manlio Argueta | Manlio Argueta (born 24 November 1935) is a Salvadoran writer, critic, and novelist. Although he is primarily a poet, he is best known in the English speaking world for his novel One Day of Life.
Life
He was born in San Miguel, El Salvador on November 24, 1935. Argueta has stated that his exposure to “poetic sounds” began during his childhood and that his foundation in poetry stemmed from his childhood imagination. His writing career began with poetry produced at the age of thirteen. He was strongly influenced by the world literature he read as a teenager an cites Pablo Neruda and García Lorca as his primary influences. He later studied law at the University of El Salvador, but concentrated on his poetic work.
In 1956, although he was relatively unknown at the time, he won first prize at the "Floral Games of San Miguel", sponsored by the Alberto Masferrer Society of Professors. During the sixties, he began to produce more fiction and became involved with the , a literary group with a leftist political orientation, founded by . All of its members were great admirers of Jean-Paul Sartre and existentialism. The group sought to create social change to benefit the "lower classes", but they also initiated a rediscovery of native cultural heritage. Roque Dalton was, perhaps, its best known member.
Because of his writings criticizing the government, he was forced to go into self-exile in Costa Rica. He was there from 1972 until 1993 and worked primarily as a teacher. He also held guest professorships throughout North America and Europe, including the Chair of Contemporary Literature at San Francisco State University.
Since returning to El Salvador, he has held the position of "Director of National and International Relations" at the University. A characteristic of his writing style, present in the majority of his works, is the use of Salvadoran Spanish vernacular and slang. He considers this a way to express and preserve some of El Salvador’s cultural identity.
One Day of Life
Argueta is best known for his book One Day of Life, which has been translated into over 12 languages. The book takes the reader through one day of the life of Lupe, a grandmother in a small village of El Salvador. Although she is not very educated, she relates her personal observations, as well as accounts of friends and relatives, to paint a picture of the brutality with which the Salvadoran army treated the lower class during this time period. The following quote summarizes the sentiments of Lupe and the other peasants:
"The only thing we don’t have is rights. And as we began to arrive at this awareness, this place filled up with authorities wishing to impose order, omnipotent, with their automatics as they call them. From time to time they come to see how we are behaving, who has to be taken away, who has to be beaten to be taught a lesson."
Existentialism played a role in the novel and in Salvadoran history by counteracting religion, which had been used to oppress the masses by extolling the virtues of the meek and complacent. By accepting their role in life, the overworked and underpaid lower class would supposedly receive a place in heaven. But, through existentialism, the peasants come to realize that what matters is how they are treated in the present, as demonstrated in the quote:
"That is awareness, José would say. The soul also exists, he would tell me. It is of little importance to know where it is going. It is the soul of the people that lives here on earth."
Because of its negative portrayal of the Salvadoran government and its perceived ability to incite rebellious activity, One Day of Life was banned from El Salvador. Argueta had to publish his work from Argentina after fleeing to Costa Rica.
Works
Un hombre por la patria (poetry, Editorial Universitaria, San Salvador, 1968)
En el costado de la luz (poetry, EU, San Salvador, 1968)
El valle de las Hamacas (1970)
Las bellas armas reales (1975)
Caperucita en la zona roja (Casa de las Américas Prize 1977, various editions) / Little Red Riding Hood in the Red Light District (Curbstone Press, Connecticut, USA, 1999)
Un día en la vida / One Day of Life (1980)
Poesía de El Salvador (Manlio Argueta, Editor, 1983)
Cuzcatlán, donde bate la mar del sur / Cuzcatlán, Where the Southern Sea Beats (1986)
El Salvador (Adam Kufeld-photography, Arnoldo Ramos, Manlio Argueta-poetry, 1990)
Magic Dogs of the Volcanoes/Los perros magicos de los volcanos (1990)
Milagro de la Paz / A Place Called Milagro de la Paz (San Salvador, Istmo Editores, 1996)
Siglo de O(G)ro (San Salvador, DPI, 1997) published as Once Upon a Time Bomb (2007)
Poesia completa 1956-2005 (2005)
El Cipitío (2006)
Los Poetas del Mal (2013)
See also
Central America literature
References
External links
"An Interview with Manlio Argueta" by Claudia M. Milian Arias
"Entrevista con Manlio Argueta" by Rafael Varela
"Curbstone Press: Manlio Argueta"
Manlio Argueta recorded at the Library of Congress for the Hispanic Division's audio literary archive on April 30, 1985.
1935 births
Living people
Salvadoran male writers
Salvadoran poets
Male poets |
3998312 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81sbirningar%20family%20clan | Ásbirningar family clan | The Ásbirnings or Ásbirningar (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ) were a powerful family clan in the medieval Icelandic Commonwealth. They dominated Skagafjörður in the 12th and 13th centuries until their last leader died in the Battle of Haugsnes (Haugsnesbardagi) in 1246. The Ásbirnings were well-known warriors and politicians. The best known Ásbirning is probably Kolbeinn Tumason, a famous Icelandic poet. Other well known Ásbirningur were Kolbeinn ungi Arnórsson, nephew of Kolbeinn Tumason, and scholar Ingunn Arnórsdóttir.
References
Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg, Helgi Skúli Kjartansson Íslenskur sögu atlas: 1. bindi: Frá öndverðu til 18. aldar Almenna bókafélagið, Reykjavík 1989
Icelandic family clans
12th century in Iceland
13th century in Iceland |
3998321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Landow | George Landow | George Landow is the name of:
George Landow (professor) (born 1940), British critic and theorist of hypermedia
George Landow (filmmaker) (1944–2011), American painter, writer, photographer, and filmmaker |
3998322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Christian%20Party | National Christian Party | The National Christian Party () was a radical-right authoritarian and strongly antisemitic political party in Romania active between 1935 and 1938. It was formed by a merger of Octavian Goga's National Agrarian Party and A. C. Cuza's National-Christian Defense League (LANC); a prominent member of the party was the philosopher Nichifor Crainic. Goga was chosen in December 1937 by King Carol II to form a government which included Cuza. The government lasted for only 44 days and was followed by a royal dictatorship by Carol.
History
Founded in 1935, and led by Goga, it never received more than about 10% of the vote, but was chosen in December 1937 by King Carol II to form a government. The party stated that it would rule by the existing constitution but held longer term ambitions at reform, wanting to introduce a smaller parliament and a new corporatist upper chamber. The party was especially noted for its anti-Semitism and Alexander Easterman writes of the party's brief time in office, "Goga proclaimed his policy, openly and unashamed, as designed to rid Roumania of the Jews. Indeed, he had no other policy to offer; his government was quite simply anti-Semitic and nothing else". In order to underline its anti-Semitic credentials the party adopted the swastika as its emblem, whilst retaining the blue shirt of the LANC as its political uniform. Easterman hypothesizes that Carol had placed this party in power "to give his people a taste of Fascism", hoping vainly that an ensuing reaction against such policies would sweep away not only the relatively weak National Christians but also the far stronger Iron Guard. The party retained close links to the paramilitary Lăncieri, which had previously been close to LANC.
Goga's government was formed on 29 December 1937, and began its term by repudiating Romania's obligations under the 1919 Treaty of Paris, also known as the Minorities Treaty, imposed upon it at the 1919 Paris Peace Conference. The government then introduced a series of anti-semitic laws. On 21 January 1938, it promulgated a decree aimed at reviewing criteria for citizenship (after it cast allegations that previous cabinets had allowed Ukrainian Jews to obtain it illegally). It required all Jews who had received citizenship in 1918-1919 to reapply for it, and set an impossibly high bar for documentary proof of such citizenship, while providing only 20 days in which this could be achieved. It effectively stripped 250,000 Romanian Jews of Romanian citizenship, one third of the Romanian Jewish population. Jewish businesses were closed down; and the resulting disruption took down many non-Jewish businesses and caused massive capital flight.
Besides being an anti-Semite himself, Goga attempted to outflank the Iron Guard's popular support. In press interviews at the time he said:
The regime instituted by Goga and Cuza gave itself a paramilitary wing of Fascist character, the Lăncieri ("Lance-bearers"). They borrowed heavily from the Iron Guard, and started competing with it for public attention. Between 1935 and 1937, the Lăncieri carried out more terrorist actions and pogroms throughout Romania than the Iron Guard. Because of its anti-semitic measures, the Goga-Cuza government has been referred to as "more Nazi than the Germans".
At Goga's request, Carol dissolved parliament on 18 January 1938 with a view toward holding a new election that winter. However, Carol became alarmed with overtures being made by the National Christian Party towards the Iron Guard, and on 10 February 1938, he ended Goga's government after only 45 days, suspended the Constitution, canceled the planned election, and instituted a royal dictatorship. He formed the National Renaissance Front as the single monopoly party and banned all other political parties. He suspended the 1923 Constitution, and created the 1938 Constitution of Romania.
Electoral history
Legislative elections
References
Political parties established in 1935
Defunct political parties in Romania
Defunct Christian political parties
Political parties disestablished in 1938
Fascist parties in Romania
1935 establishments in Romania
Eastern Orthodox political parties
Eastern Orthodoxy and far-right politics
Fascist parties
Romanian nationalist parties
Banned far-right parties
Nazi parties |
3998327 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cestm%C3%ADr%20Vycp%C3%A1lek | Čestmír Vycpálek | Čestmír Vycpálek (Prague, 15 May 1921 – Palermo, 5 May 2002) was a Czech football player and manager who played as a midfielder. He was an uncle of noted football manager Zdeněk Zeman.
Playing career
A good right winger, Vycpálek moved in 1946 to Juventus from Slavia Prague, and in 1947 to Palermo, in Serie B at the time, leading the team to an immediate promotion to the top division, and playing 143 times, with 23 goals, in five seasons for the rosanero. In the season 1952–1953, Vycpálek then signed for Parma, where he played at Serie B and Serie C level. Vycpálek abandoned his playing career in 1958, at the age of 37.
Coaching career
Before to enjoy some relevant success at the managing level, Vycpálek had several minor experiences, often not particularly lucky. He started his coaching career for Palermo, where he relocated with his family after Czechoslovakia was occupied by the Soviet Red Army after the Prague Spring. He then coached minor league teams such as Siracusa, Valdagno and Juve Bagheria.
In the early 1970s, however, after having been fired by Sicilian Serie D team Mazara, Vycpálek went back to Juventus, thanks also to his old friend Giampiero Boniperti, who was a board member in that times, and became coach for the youth team. But, in 1971, after the sudden death of Armando Picchi, Vycpálek was named new head coach of Juventus. It was the beginning of a successful period which led the team to two consecutive scudetti, in 1972 and 1973, and to the final of European Cup lost against Ajax. The team was also runner-up in the intercontinental cup taking Ajax's place, due to a 1–0 defeat against sudamerican champions Independiente.After those results, Vycpálek left the club and finished his coaching career.
Honours
Player
Club
Slavia Prague
Czechoslovak First League: 1939–40, 1941–42, 1942–43
Palermo
Serie B: 1947–48
Parma
Serie C:1953–54
Manager
Club
Juventus
Serie A: 1971-1972, 1972-1973
Death
Vycpálek died on 5 May 2002 in Palermo, the same day of the Juventus' triumph in the 2001–02 Serie A, and exactly thirty years after the death of his son Cestino in the Alitalia Flight 112 crash that happened in 1972.
References
1921 births
2002 deaths
Czech footballers
Czechoslovak footballers
Czech football managers
Czechoslovak football managers
SK Slavia Prague players
Palermo F.C. players
Juventus F.C. players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Italian football managers
Palermo F.C. managers
Juventus F.C. managers
A.S. Siracusa managers
Serie A managers
Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Czechoslovak expatriate footballers
Association football midfielders
Association football coaches
Czechoslovak refugees
Czechoslovak expatriate football managers
Footballers from Prague |
3998335 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20H.%20Avery%20%28engineer%29 | William H. Avery (engineer) | William Hinckley Avery (July 25, 1912 – June 26, 2004) was an influential aeronautical engineer. He designed the propulsion mechanism known as the ramjet, and was known for heading the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion program which generates electricity from the temperature differential between shallow and deep ocean water.
Early years
Avery was born on July 25, 1912.
After studying chemistry and physics at Harvard and working as a private research chemist, Avery turned to rocket science during World War II. He directed a division of the Allegany Ballistics Laboratory in Cumberland, Maryland, that developed solid fuels for rockets later used to launch guided missiles and spacecraft.
Ramjets
Avery moved to Johns Hopkins University in 1947 and soon became head of propulsion research at the Applied Physics Laboratory. Over the next several decades, his research laid the foundation for understanding combustion in rocket and jet engines. His group invented the propulsion system for Talos, the first surface-to-air missile to use a ramjet engine.
While at the Applied Physics Laboratory, Avery mentored Frederick S. Billig, the scramjet pioneer.
Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion
In 1973, Avery began leading the Applied Physics Laboratory's work on emerging technologies. Searching for alternative sources of energy, he helped develop the Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion program, which used the temperature difference between shallow and deep tropical seawater to generate electricity.
Retirement
Avery retired from the Applied Physics Laboratory in 1989.
Death
Avery died on June 26, 2004 of congestive heart failure.
References
1912 births
2004 deaths
American aerospace engineers
Harvard University alumni
20th-century American engineers |
3998366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/General%20Aviation%20XFA | General Aviation XFA | The General Aviation XFA was an American biplane fighter aircraft built by the General Aviation Company for the United States Navy.
Development
The PW-4 was built for U.S. Navy Specification No. 96, calling for a carrier-based light fighter. This specification was eventually revealed as a cover for the Navy's actual desire for an airship fighter, the Curtiss XF9C. The XFA was a single-bay biplane with an all-metal fuselage and metal laminate skin. The construction of its fuselage was innovative in that instead of using lap jointing, the edges of each panel were bent inwards, with the rivets fastening them on the inside, instead of being visible on the surface. It had a gull-type upper wing which was fabric covered. The prototype was ordered in 1930, but the company was engaged in another reorganization, which delayed its work. Delivered for evaluations in 1932, it showed poor flying characteristics, including longitudinal instability and over-sensitive controls. General Aircraft increased the area of the tail surfaces and made other changes, then returned the prototype for more testing; but now the stability problems were worse. The plane would nose up with more throttle, but then drop its nose when the throttle was reduced. After another round of modifications, and some close calls, the plane was finally classed as unsafe and testing was abandoned.
Specifications
References
Citations
Bibliography
Lloyd S. Jones, U.S. Naval Fighters (Fallbrook CA: Aero Publishers, 1977, ), pp. 89–91
Gull-wing aircraft
General Aviation FA
Aircraft first flown in 1932
Sesquiplanes |
5390985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20British%20Touring%20Car%20Championship | 2000 British Touring Car Championship | The 2000 Auto Trader RAC British Touring Car Championship season featured 24 rounds across 12 meetings, it commenced at Brands Hatch on 9 April and concluded at Silverstone on 16 September.
2000 marked the final year for Super Touring specification cars in the championship. The champion was Alain Menu driving a Ford Mondeo, his teammates Anthony Reid and Rickard Rydell finished 2nd and 3rd respectively. The Michelin Cup for Independents was won by Matt Neal driving a Nissan Primera.
The newly introduced Class B, for Super Production specification cars, was won by Alan Morrison driving a Peugeot 306 GTi.
Background
Driver changes
There were several changes of driver for the 2000 season. Nissan, Renault and Volvo retired their works teams because of the rising costs of staying competitive in the BTCC, thus leaving only three manufacturers with factory supported entries: Ford, Honda and Vauxhall. 1999 Drivers' Champion Laurent Aïello did not return to defend his title; the Frenchman tested for Honda, however he instead joined Audi to compete in the 24 Hours of Le Mans endurance race and the newly revived Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters championship in Germany. His place was taken by 1997 24 Hours of Le Mans co-winner and former Super Tourenwagen Cup driver Tom Kristensen. In the meantime, Peter Kox switched to competing in the European Super Touring Car Championship. Initially Honda planned to run two cars but to level the playing field with Ford and Vauxhall decided to draft in 1994 champion Gabriele Tarquini in a JAS Motorsport prepared car that originally would have been driven alongside Kox in the European championship.
1998 series champion Rickard Rydell joined that year's runner-up Anthony Reid and 1997 overall winner Alain Menu at the Prodrive Ford team following Volvo's departure. At the Vauxhall team, Yvan Muller was partnered by Jason Plato and Vincent Radermecker, having joined from Renault and Volvo respectively. After a difficult 1999 season, former double champion (1989 and 1995) John Cleland announced his retirement from the BTCC. Independent driver Matt Neal drove a 1999 Nissan Primera fielded by Team Dynamics, who had semi-works support from the manufacturer and running with updated 2000 body work. A second Nissan was entered by PRO Motorsport for rookie Colin Blair. David Leslie would race the car at selected rounds later in the season following Blair's withdrawal halfway through the season. Lee Brookes appeared on the entry list but his plans of competing in the championship in 2000 did not come to fruition.
Season review
The Prodrive Ford Mondeo’s would prove to be the class of the season, and it would be their three drivers who would battle for the championship.
Alain Menu had been the favourite going into the year, but despite being arguably the best all-rounder out of the trio, a handful of non-finishes meant he entered the final race of the year behind Anthony Reid in points.
Reid had had a somewhat quiet season, taking until round seventeen to win a race and only winning two all season. But he was easily the most consistent of the three and it allowed him to lead the points going into the final race. The Scot was doing all that he needed in the finale and looked to be on course for the title, until a collision with Vincent Radermecker on the penultimate lap put him out of the race and handed the crown to his colleague Menu.
Team newcomer Rickard Rydell also went to Silverstone with a chance of the title. The Swede claimed a season-best nine pole positions throughout the year, but a number of retirements, both crashes and mechanical, would ultimately prove to be his downfall. Indeed, it would be a car problem which would deny him a chance of competing with his teammates in the final race, as a water leak left him unable to take the start.
Vauxhall’s season started well, both Yvan Muller and Jason Plato won races early on and the Frenchman even lead the points for a while. But the team could not sustain that form, and along with an intra-team rivalry building between Muller and Plato, they were forced to settle for best of the rest behind the Fords. Third driver Radermecker had a poor season, scoring only one podium and being the only full-time main class driver to not win a race during the year.
Honda’s season would be one of frustration. James Thompson went into the season planning a title challenge, but those hopes were dashed by a crash at the opening round at Brands Hatch which forced him to miss the next two meetings. He would win a race on his return, but any hopes of the championship were gone, and come the end of the season he even found himself combining his British campaign with DTM drives for Audi.
The returning Gabriele Tarquini would ultimately end the season as top Honda, picking up three race wins but only finishing sixth in the standings.
British championship rookie Tom Kristensen would also end pick up three race wins, including a double at the Silverstone finale (the final races of the Super Touring era), to end the year just behind Tarquini.
Independent king Matt Neal would once again compete admirably with the works teams. He would finish eighth in the standings with a race win late in the season at Brands Hatch. He won the independents class in every race he finished (21 out of 24 races).
Regulation and sporting changes
Michelin, now the series' control tyre supplier, developed new compounds of tyres for the drivers but an intermediate option would no longer be available. The only choice for drivers was slick dry tyres or full wet compounds which meant tyre choices in greasy or changeable conditions were more crucial than before. To make matters even more difficult, tyre warmers were no longer allowed in advance of the race. As a result, the drivers had to take to the track on ill-handling cold tyres at the beginning of all races and after the mandatory pit stops. All teams were restricted to 28 sets of dry tyres for all race meetings and test sessions to lower operating costs but no limitations existed for wet-weather compounds.
Success ballast to help the championship have close and competitive racing and to prevent any team from dominating the series was introduced for the 2000 season. The top three finishers of the sprint and feature race at a meeting were allocated a ballast to be applied at the next meeting. It was distributed as for a winner, for second place and for third place, with the ballast capped at . No team was permitted to change the engine of their cars between the second qualifying session and the sprint race or the driver would incur a grid penalty that would see him start at the back of the grid. Also, replacement cars were not allowed except in force majeure when he would be allowed to drive his teammate's entry.
The points scoring system for the Drivers' and Teams' Championships remained unaltered from the 1999 championship. However, the Manufacturers' Championship was now limited to each team nominating a maximum of three cars for points, up from two from the previous season, to reward committed manufacturers. Furthermore, a dropped point score system was put into operation for the 2000 season. This meant all drivers would be required to drop their four worst results from the season before tallying his overall points haul.
From 1 March 2000, a complete ban of private testing at any licensed motor racing circuit in the world was enforced, except for official test sessions organised by the series promoter TOCA that lasted for half a day and were held before each race weekend. The ban was enacted to greatly reduce operating costs for all teams and to restrict the amount of available time for drivers to set up their cars for each track to ensure a greater variation in performance and less predictable racing. Furthermore, test cars were barred from all official sessions unless they had been driven in the preceding race meeting.
Class B
The 2000 season saw the introduction of a type of car regulation called "Class B" to bolster the number of entrants on the grid. The class was open to all vehicles that complied with the FIA Super Production regulations and the National Saloon Championship. To allow for suitable grid sizes, Class B entries were accepted on a "first-come, first served" basis from teams who could commit to competing in the BTCC full-time. Class B was created as a consequence of a request to series promoters TOCA from potential competitors in the National Saloon Championship in December 1999 as a means of promoting themselves in a more visible national motor racing series. TOCA subsequently formed a partnership with the British Racing Drivers' Club-organised PowerTour series in January 2000, so that the two championships could work closely with race dates, regulations and marketing and promoting of Class B.
Other
The entry fee for the Independents' Championship was abolished; teams would receive a starting money fee of £5,000 for each race meeting they entered, tyres would be given to teams at no extra cost and the champion of the category would receive £10,000 in prize money.
Entry List
The following 32 drivers and 14 teams took part in the 2000 British Touring Car Championship (BTCC).
Calendar
All races were held in the United Kingdom. A provisional 28-round calendar for the BTCC was officially announced on 28 July 1999. For the first time since the 1996 season, the series raced on the Brands Hatch Grand Prix layout and it served as the championship's season-opening meeting in April. Two meetings were held at night: the sole Snetterton Circuit round in July and the season-closing meeting at the Silverstone Circuit in mid-September. TOCA director Alan J. Gow explained that the advance publication of the calendar was so that the remaining British motorsport series could plain theirs but was told to reduce the number of rounds because of budgetary constraints for some teams.
In response, the management of the Thruxton Circuit agreed to forego its second planned meeting in August and lower the number of rounds to 26. Later, the Donington Park National circuit meeting, which had been proposed to be the season's second meeting on 23 April, was moved to late March to avoid a clash with the 2000 British Grand Prix but this decision was later reversed. The series' planned inaugural meeting in Ireland at Mondello Park was cancelled because the track needed improving to bring it to Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile (FIA) and TOCA standards, bringing the final number of rounds to 24.
Championship results tables
No driver may collect more than one "Lead a Lap" point per race no matter how many laps they lead.
Drivers' top 20 results count towards the championship.
Drivers Championship
Note: bold signifies pole position in class (1 point awarded all races), italics signifies fastest lap in class (1 point awarded all races) and * signifies that driver lead feature race for at least one lap (1 point given).
‡ Retired before second start of race
Independent's Championship
Manufacturers Championship
Touring Teams Championship
‡ Retired before second start of race
References
External links
Official website of the British Touring Car Championship
BTCC Pages
Touring-Cars.net
2000 Season
Touring Car Championship Season |
5390993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dark%20Room%20%28The%20Angels%20album%29 | Dark Room (The Angels album) | Dark Room is the fourth studio album by Australian band The Angels, released in June 1980. It was their first album for CBS/Epic and was co-produced by the group's John and Richard Brewster (brothers). It peaked at number five on the Kent Music Report Albums Chart. It reached number 37 on the New Zealand Albums Chart in July 1980.
In the Australasian market the album provided three singles, "No Secrets", "Poor Baby" and "Face the Day". "No Secrets" peaked at No. 8 on the Kent Music Report Singles Chart – their highest position to that time. The other two reached the top 100 in Australia. "Face the Day" appeared at No. 30 on the New Zealand Singles Chart.
For European and North American markets the album was issued as Darkroom in October 1980 under the name, Angel City, "to avoid confusion with the US glam metal band Angel." Two tracks, "Alexander" and "I'm Scared", were replaced by "Ivory Stairs" and "Straight Jacket". When the group toured the United States to promote this album they performed as Angel City. They released "No Secrets" as Angel City, late in 1980.
In June 2002 Shock Records issued four-disc box set The Complete Sessions 1980–1983 with remastered versions of Dark Room (nine bonus tracks), Night Attack (nine bonus tracks), Watch the Red (five bonus tracks) and The Blow (2× CD). In June 2006 Liberation Music re-issued Dark Room using the version from The Complete Sessions 1980–1983.
Reception
Track listings
Dark Room (June 1980) CBS/Epic (EPC 451066 2)
Personnel
The Angels
Doc Neeson – lead vocals
Rick Brewster – lead guitar, piano, organ
John Brewster – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Chris Bailey – bass guitar, backing vocals
Graham "Buzz" Bidstrup – drums
Recording details
Producer – Graham Bidstrup (track 1), J. Brewster (tracks 2–9), R. Brewster (tracks 2–9)
Audio engineer – Dave Marett, Dave Cafe, Mark Opitz
Art works
Cover – Timewinds
Photography – Shoot and Run
Charts
Certifications and sales
References
External links
Dark Room at Liberation Music
The Angels (Australian band) albums
1980 albums
Epic Records albums |
5391000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial%20notch | Radial notch | The radial notch of the ulna (lesser sigmoid cavity) is a narrow, oblong, articular depression on the lateral side of the coronoid process; it receives the circumferential articular surface of the head of the radius.
It is concave from before backward, and its prominent extremities serve for the attachment of the annular ligament.
Additional images
References
External links
elbow/elbowbones/bones3 at the Dartmouth Medical School's Department of Anatomy
Upper limb anatomy
Ulna |
5391003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanha | Nanha | Rafi Khawar (Punjabi, ) (4 August 1944 – 2 June 1986), popularly known as Nanha (Urdu: ننھا), was a Pakistani actor and comedian. He started his film career in 1966 and earned several awards including 3 Nigar awards.
Career
His first Urdu language film was Watan Ka Sipahi, released in 1966. Nanha got a breakthrough from film Noukar in 1976. He played the lead role in film Tehka Pehlwan in 1979, and in the same year his film Dubai Chalo was a super hit at the box office. His pairing with fellow comedian Ali Ejaz was popular since film Insaniyat (1967 film). Ali Ejaz and Nanha, as popular pair of comedians, were seen together in more than 50 films.
He was regarded as an exceptional comedy talent and for many years was the star of the widely popular Pakistan Television Corporation's TV show Alif Noon that ran for three television seasons during the early 1980s. He was a familiar face, well-known and loved by all. Nanha acted in Alif Noon with his fellow comedian Kamal Ahmed Rizvi better known as Allan in the TV show.
A supporting actress and a then popular film dancer named Nazli usually appeared with Nanha as his love interest in those movies. They were also often seen together in public and became romantically involved in real life. Nanha's success in films and celebrity status was at an all-time high. So money was never an issue with Nanha during his love affair with Nazli. He even pressured his film producers to cast Nazli with him in many films and the pair became inseparable in the early 1980s. This was not to last after Nanha's films started to flop and he fell on hard times financially. Then Nazli also started to lose interest in him.
Death
Certain mysterious circumstances reportedly and allegedly drove Nanha to commit suicide by shooting himself with a shotgun on 2 June 1986.
His final resting place is in a cemetery located in Karim Block, Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore, Pakistan.
Filmography
Awards
See also
List of Lollywood actors
References
External links
1944 births
1986 deaths
Pakistani male comedians
Pakistani male film actors
Pakistani male television actors
Punjabi people
Nigar Award winners
20th-century Pakistani male actors
20th-century comedians
Suicides by firearm in Pakistan |
5391006 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gideon%20Levy | Gideon Levy | Gideon Levy (; born 2 June 1953) is an Israeli journalist and author. Levy writes opinion pieces and a weekly column for the newspaper Haaretz that often focus on the Israeli occupation of the Palestinian territories. Levy has won prizes for his articles on human rights in the Israeli-occupied territories. His critics characterize him as left-wing and accuse him of being a propagandist for Hamas. In 2021, he won Israel's top award for journalism, the Sokolov Award.
Biography
Levy was born in 1953 in Tel Aviv.
Levy's father, Heinz (Zvi) Loewy, was born in the town of Saaz in the Sudetenland of Czechoslovakia, and earned a law degree from the University of Prague. He fled the Nazis in 1939 on a flight organized by two Slovakian Jews, together with 800 others. He spent six months on an illegal immigrant boat, the Frossoula, registered under a Panamanian flag, which was denied entry into Turkey and Palestine, and was permitted only temporary anchorage at Tripoli. He was then imprisoned in a detention camp at Beirut for six weeks. The group was then allowed to leave. During its journey, the ship was strafed by Royal Air Force planes, killing two passengers, after which the group was transferred to another ship, the Tiger Hill, which reached Mandate Palestine, where it ran aground at Tel-Aviv's Frischman Beach. His mother, Thea, from Ostrava, Czechoslovakia, was brought to Palestine in a rescue operation for children in 1939, and was placed in a kibbutz. His grandparents were murdered in the Holocaust. His father initially opened a bakery in Herzliya with his sister and worked as a newspaper deliveryman, but later found a job as an office clerk.
The family initially lived in poverty, but their lives became relatively comfortable when the German Holocaust reparations arrived. Levy attended Tel Aviv's Ironi Aleph High School. He and his younger brother Rafi often sang together, notably songs by Haim Hefer. During the Six-Day War in 1967, the street adjacent to his home was hit by Arab artillery. In 2007, Levy described his political views while a teenager as mainstream: "I was a full member of the nationalistic religious orgy. We all were under the feeling that the whole project [of Israel] is in an existentialistic danger. We all felt that another holocaust is around the corner."
Journalism and media career
Levy was drafted into the Israeli Defense Forces (IDF) in 1974 and served as a reporter for Israel Army Radio. From 1978 to 1982, he worked as an aide and spokesman for Shimon Peres, then the leader of the Israeli Labor Party. In 1982, he began to write for the Israeli daily Haaretz. In 1983–87, he was a deputy editor. Despite his coverage of the Israeli-Arab conflict, he speaks no Arabic. He has written a column called "Twilight Zone" about the hardships of the Palestinians since 1988. In 2004, Levy published a compilation of articles entitled Twilight Zone – Life and Death under the Israeli Occupation. With Haim Yavin, he co-edited Whispering Embers, a documentary series on Russian Jewry after the fall of communism. He hosted A Personal meeting with Gideon Levy, a weekly talk show that was broadcast on Israeli cable TV on channel 3, and has appeared periodically on other television talk shows.
Levy has said that his views on Israel's policies toward the Palestinians developed only after joining Haaretz. "When I first started covering the West Bank for Haaretz, I was young and brainwashed", he said in a 2009 interview. "I would see settlers cutting down olive trees and soldiers mistreating Palestinian women at the checkpoints, and I would think, 'These are exceptions, not part of government policy.' It took me a long time to see that these were not exceptions – they were the substance of government policy."
In an interview, he said he doubts that any newspaper in Israel other than Haaretz would give him the journalistic freedom to publish the kind of pieces he writes.
On the issue of copyright violations in journalism, Levy voiced support in June 2011 for Johann Hari, then writing for The Independent of London, who was accused of plagiarism, while confirming that Hari had lifted quotes from Levy's newspaper column.
Views and opinions
Levy defines himself as a "patriotic Israeli". He criticizes what he sees as Israeli society's moral blindness to the effects of its acts of war and occupation. He has referred to the construction of settlements on private Palestinian land as "the most criminal enterprise in [Israel's] history". He opposed the 2006 Lebanon War. In 2007, he said that the plight of Palestinians in the Gaza Strip, then under Israeli blockade, made him ashamed to be Israeli. "My modest mission is to prevent a situation in which many Israelis will be able to say 'We didn't know'", he has said.
Levy supports unilateral withdrawal from occupied Palestinian territories without concessions. "Israel is not being asked 'to give' anything to the Palestinians; it is only being asked to return – to return their stolen land and restore their trampled self-respect, along with their fundamental human rights and humanity."
Levy used to support a two-state solution, but now feels it has become untenable, and supports a one-state solution.
Levy wrote that the 2008–09 Gaza War was a failed campaign that did not achieve its objectives. "The conclusion is that Israel is a violent and dangerous country, devoid of all restraints and blatantly ignoring the resolutions of the United Nations Security Council, while not giving a hoot about international law", he wrote in an editorial.
In 2010, Levy described Hamas as a fundamentalist organization and held it responsible for the Qassam rockets fired at Israeli cities: "Hamas is to be blamed for launching the Qassams. This is unbearable. No sovereign state would have tolerated it. Israel had the right to react". "But the first question you have to ask yourselves", he continued, "is why Hamas launched the missiles. Before criticising Hamas I would rather criticise my own government which carries a much bigger responsibility for the occupation and conditions in Gaza [...] And our behaviour was unacceptable."
Levy supports boycotting Israel, saying it is "the Israeli patriot's final refuge". He has said that economic boycott is more important, but that he also supports academic and cultural boycott.
Reception
Praise
Levy's writing has earned him numerous awards, including the Emil Grunzweig Human Rights Award in 1996 from the Association for Civil Rights in Israel, the Anna Lindh Foundation Journalism Award in 2008 for an article he wrote about Palestinian children killed by Israeli forces, and the Peace Through Media Award in 2012. New York Times columnist Thomas Friedman has called him "a powerful liberal voice". In his review of Levy's book The Punishment of Gaza, journalist and literary critic Nicholas Lezard called him "an Israeli dedicated to saving his country's honour", but said "there is much of the story he leaves out". Le Monde and Der Spiegel have profiled Levy. "He has a global name. He may be [one of] the most famous and the most invited journalists in Israel", wrote Israeli journalist Ben-Dror Yemini.
In 2021, Levy was awarded Israel's top journalism award, the Sokolow Prize. In its citation, the prize committee wrote that Levy "presents original and independent positions that do not surrender to convention or social codes, and in doing so enriches the public discourse fearlessly."
Criticism
Levy has been criticized for being anti-Israeli and supporting Palestinian radicalism. "Is it wrong to ask of reporters in a country that is in the midst of a difficult war to show a little more empathy for their people and their country?" asked Amnon Dankner of the Maariv newspaper. Ben-Dror Yemini, the editor of the opinion page of Maariv, called Levy one of the "propagandists for the Hamas". Itamar Marcus, director of Palestinian Media Watch, wrote "[One of] the current Israeli heroes [of the Hamas], from whom the Palestinians garner support for their ways, [is] Gideon Levy". In 2008, Arutz Sheva reported that Levy's article about the Jerusalem bulldozer attack was translated into Arabic for a Hamas website. In 2006, Gideon Ezra, Israel's former deputy Minister of Internal Security, suggested that the General Security Services should monitor Levy as a borderline security risk.
In 2002, Israeli novelist Irit Linur set off a wave of subscription cancellations to Haaretz when she wrote an open letter to the paper cancelling her own subscription. "It is a person's right to be a radical leftist, and publish a newspaper in accordance with his world view... However Haaretz has reached the point where its anti-Zionism has become stupid and evil", she wrote. She also accused Levy of amateurism because he does not speak Arabic.
Other public figures also cancelled their subscriptions, including Roni Daniel, the military and security correspondent for Israeli Channel 2. Levy himself joked that there is a thick file of anti-Levy cancellations in the Haaretz newsroom.
In an open letter to Levy in 2009, Israeli author A. B. Yehoshua, formerly a supporter of Levy, described his comparison of Gazan-Israeli death tolls as absurd and questioned his motives.
In 2013, Levy published an article about what he views as a disgraceful attitude towards African asylum seekers in Israel. In considering the reasons for this attitude, he wrote, "This time the issue is not security, Israel’s state religion. Nor are still talking about a flood of refugees, because the border with Egypt has been closed. So the only explanation for this disgraceful treatment lies in the national psyche. The migrants' color is the problem. A million immigrants from Russia, a third of them non-Jews, some of whom were also found to have a degree of alcohol and crime in their blood, were not a problem. Tens of thousands of Africans are the ultimate threat." Levy's remarks about Russians produced accusations of racism from Eddie Zhensker, executive director of the Russian advocacy NGO Morashtenu, who accused Levy of "brute and coarse prejudices". Immigrant Absorption Minister Sofa Landver demanded that Levy be placed on trial. Levy later apologised to those who were offended, but claimed that the real problem was that he had called Russian "immigrants" instead of "olim" and compared them to Africans.
During the 2014 Israel–Gaza conflict the chairman of the Likud Yisrael Beiteinu faction in the Knesset, Yariv Levin, called for Levy to be put on trial for treason.
In February 2016, after Levy criticized the Israel Labor Party, its Secretary General, Yehiel Bar, wrote in Haaretz that Levy is a Trojan horse: "Sad, that Levy who used to be a moral compass, became a broken compass: at all time, with no connection to circumstances or reality, Levy's compass points negative, points despair, points irrelevant". Bar added that Levy regards Palestinians as uneducated children who are exempted of any responsibility to their actions.
Private life
Levy resides in the Ramat Aviv neighborhood of Tel Aviv, on a site that was, before 1948, part of the Palestinian Arab village of Sheikh Munis. He is a divorced father of two. He says his sons do not share his politics and do not read anything he writes. He has received death threats.
Published works
Twilight Zone – Life and Death under the Israeli Occupation. 1988–2003. Tel Aviv: Babel Press, 2004 ,
The Punishment of Gaza, Verso Books, 2010,
Awards
Emil Grunzweig Peace Award.
2003: Sparkasse Leipzig Prize Media Award
2007: Euro-Med Journalist Prize for Cultural Dialogue
5 May 2012: Peace Through Media Award at the eighth annual International Media Awards
7 January 2016: Olof Palme Prize, shared with Palestinian pastor Mitri Raheb, for their "fight against occupation and violence"
9 November 2021: Sokolov Award.
References
External links
Selection of articles by Levy
Is Gideon Levy the most hated man in Israel or just the most heroic?. Interview by Johann Hari, The Independent, 24 September 2010
1953 births
Living people
Israeli columnists
Israeli Jews
Israeli journalists
Israeli people of Czech-Jewish descent
Israeli people of German-Jewish descent
Israeli political writers
Writers from Tel Aviv
Haaretz people
Writers on the Middle East |
5391024 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Acc%C3%A9l%C3%A9rateur%20National%20d%27Ions%20Lourds | Grand Accélérateur National d'Ions Lourds | The Grand Accélérateur National d’Ions Lourds (GANIL), or Large Heavy Ion National Accelerator, is a French national nuclear physics research center in Caen. The facility has been in operation since 1983, and consists primarily of two serialised synchrocyclotrons.
See also
Projects:
Fazia
Similar facilities:
GSI
Riken, Japan
NSCL, USA
Dubna, Russia
CERN
TRIUMF
External links
GANIL
Scholarpedia article
Laboratories in France
Nuclear research institutes
Research institutes in France
French National Centre for Scientific Research
Institutes associated with CERN |
5391033 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman%20Freeman | Chapman Freeman | Chapman Freeman (October 8, 1832 – March 22, 1904) was a Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives from Pennsylvania.
Biography
Chapman Freeman was born in Philadelphia. In 1851, he graduated from Central High School as a "distinguished student" of the 26th session, giving a speech at the graduation ceremony, which was held at the Musical Fund Hall. He went on to study law, but engaged in mercantile pursuits until he entered the United States Navy as acting assistant paymaster in 1863.
In 1864, he resigned due to his impaired health, and subsequently resumed the study of law. He was then admitted to the bar in 1867 and, in 1873, became one of the commissioners of the Centennial in Vienna, Austria, during which time he represented the city of Philadelphia.
He was elected in 1874 as a Republican to the 44th Congress and served two terms. He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1878.
References
Retrieved on 2009-5-16
The Political Graveyard
1832 births
1904 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Politicians from Philadelphia
United States Navy sailors
Pennsylvania lawyers
Pennsylvania Republicans
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
Central High School (Philadelphia) alumni |
5391037 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constant%20of%20motion | Constant of motion | In mechanics, a constant of motion is a quantity that is conserved throughout the motion, imposing in effect a constraint on the motion. However, it is a mathematical constraint, the natural consequence of the equations of motion, rather than a physical constraint (which would require extra constraint forces). Common examples include energy, linear momentum, angular momentum and the Laplace–Runge–Lenz vector (for inverse-square force laws).
Applications
Constants of motion are useful because they allow properties of the motion to be derived without solving the equations of motion. In fortunate cases, even the trajectory of the motion can be derived as the intersection of isosurfaces corresponding to the constants of motion. For example, Poinsot's construction shows that the torque-free rotation of a rigid body is the intersection of a sphere (conservation of total angular momentum) and an ellipsoid (conservation of energy), a trajectory that might be otherwise hard to derive and visualize. Therefore, the identification of constants of motion is an important objective in mechanics.
Methods for identifying constants of motion
There are several methods for identifying constants of motion.
The simplest but least systematic approach is the intuitive ("psychic") derivation, in which a quantity is hypothesized to be constant (perhaps because of experimental data) and later shown mathematically to be conserved throughout the motion.
The Hamilton–Jacobi equations provide a commonly used and straightforward method for identifying constants of motion, particularly when the Hamiltonian adopts recognizable functional forms in orthogonal coordinates.
Another approach is to recognize that a conserved quantity corresponds to a symmetry of the Lagrangian. Noether's theorem provides a systematic way of deriving such quantities from the symmetry. For example, conservation of energy results from the invariance of the Lagrangian under shifts in the origin of time, conservation of linear momentum results from the invariance of the Lagrangian under shifts in the origin of space (translational symmetry) and conservation of angular momentum results from the invariance of the Lagrangian under rotations. The converse is also true; every symmetry of the Lagrangian corresponds to a constant of motion, often called a conserved charge or current.
A quantity is a constant of the motion if its total time derivative is zero
which occurs when 's Poisson bracket with the Hamiltonian equals minus its partial derivative with respect to time
Another useful result is Poisson's theorem, which states that if two quantities and are constants of motion, so is their Poisson bracket .
A system with n degrees of freedom, and n constants of motion, such that the Poisson bracket of any pair of constants of motion vanishes, is known as a completely integrable system. Such a collection of constants of motion are said to be in involution with each other.
In quantum mechanics
An observable quantity Q will be a constant of motion if it commutes with the hamiltonian, H, and it does not itself depend explicitly on time. This is because
where
is the commutator relation.
Derivation
Say there is some observable quantity Q which depends on position, momentum and time,
And also, that there is a wave function which obeys Schrödinger's equation
Taking the time derivative of the expectation value of Q requires use of the product rule, and results in
{|
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|-
|
|
|}
So finally,
{|cellpadding="2" style="border:2px solid #ccccff"
|
|}
Comment
For an arbitrary state of a Quantum Mechanical system, if H and Q commute, i.e. if
and Q is not explicitly dependent on time, then
But if is an eigenfunction of Hamiltonian, then even if
it is still the case that
provided Q is independent on time.
Derivation
{|
|
|
|-
|
|
|}
Since
{|
|
|}
then
{|
|
|
|-
|
|
|}
This is the reason why Eigenstates of the Hamiltonian are also called stationary states.
Relevance for quantum chaos
In general, an integrable system has constants of motion other than the energy. By contrast, energy is the only constant of motion in a non-integrable system; such systems are termed chaotic. In general, a classical mechanical system can be quantized only if it is integrable; as of 2006, there is no known consistent method for quantizing chaotic dynamical systems.
Integral of motion
A constant of motion may be defined in a given force field as any function of phase-space coordinates (position and velocity, or position and momentum) and time that is constant throughout a trajectory. A subset of the constants of motion are the integrals of motion, or first integrals, defined as any functions of only the phase-space coordinates that are constant along an orbit. Every integral of motion is a constant of motion, but the converse is not true because a constant of motion may depend on time. Examples of integrals of motion are the angular momentum vector, , or a Hamiltonian without time dependence, such as . An example of a function that is a constant of motion but not an integral of motion would be the function for an object moving at a constant speed in one dimension.
Dirac observables
In order to extract physical information from gauge theories, one either constructs gauge invariant observables or fixes a gauge. In a canonical language, this usually means either constructing functions which Poisson-commute on the constraint surface with the gauge generating first class constraints or to fix the flow of the latter by singling out points within each gauge orbit. Such gauge invariant observables are thus the `constants of motion' of the gauge generators and referred to as Dirac observables.
References
Classical mechanics |
5391044 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lab%20Lemco | Lab Lemco | 'Lab Lemco' Powder is a refined meat extract that is very light in color and has been in production since 1865. This product is used in a wide range of bacteriological growth media. It has growth-promoting qualities for the culturing of cells in laboratories, and is much easier to handle than most other meat extracts.
Lemco refers to the original producer of the meat extract, the Liebig's Extract of Meat Company.
References
Microbiological media ingredients
Bacteriology |
5391049 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Maino | Antonio Maino | Antonio Maino (23 November 1951) is an Italian masters athlete who won two medals at the European Masters Games.
Achievements
See also
List of Italian records in masters athletics
References
External links
Antonio Maino profile at FIDAL
1951 births
Living people
Italian masters athletes |
3998370 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Archdiocese%20of%20Hartford | Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford | The Archdiocese of Hartford is a Latin Church ecclesiastical territory or archdiocese of the Catholic Church in Hartford, Litchfield and New Haven counties in the U.S. State of Connecticut. The archdiocese includes about 470,000 Catholics, more than 500 priests, 216 parishes and almost 300 deacons. This is roughly one-half the population of the three counties. The Archdiocese of Hartford is a metropolitan see.
History
History of Catholics in Connecticut
In 1780-1781, the small town of Lebanon, Connecticut, had the distinction of being the place in which the Catholic "Mass was first celebrated, continuously and for a long period, within the limits of the State of Connecticut." On June 26, 1881, St. Peter's parish, Hartford, celebrated "the centenary of the first Mass in Connecticut."
The present territory of the archdiocese of Hartford was originally part of the Diocese of Boston until Bishop Benedict Joseph Fenwick of Boston expressed concern that there should be separate dioceses for Connecticut and Rhode Island in keeping with the growing Catholic population in those states.
Diocese
On November 28, 1843, the Diocese of Hartford was established by Pope Gregory XVI with Willam Tyler as its first bishop. At the time of its creation, there were 10,000 Catholics in the area. Tyler was able to petition successfully to move the See of Hartford to Providence, Rhode Island, in order to be nearer to the majority of the Catholics. He attended the Seventh Provincial Council of Baltimore which convened 5 May 1849, but weakened by consumption died the following month, having served for 5 years.
The second bishop, Bernard O'Reilly, spent his time securing priests for the still young diocese all the while helping to curb the anti-Catholic movements of the time propagated by the Know Nothing Party. To provide for the education of the young, O'Reilly brought to his diocese the Sisters of Mercy, establishing them in his episcopal city in 1851. In January 1856, O'Reilly was lost at sea on board the steamer Pacific. It wasn't until two years later that the third bishop of the diocese was installed, Francis Patrick McFarland, known as the "Civil War Bishop." Despite ill health, McFarland was able to participate in the First Vatican Council (1869-1870). As a result of his increasingly poor health, Bishop McFarland requested that his diocese be divided to lessen his burden. In 1872, the Diocese of Providence comprising the state of Rhode Island and four counties in Southeastern Massachusetts was established. Bishop McFarland returned the See of Hartford to its original home city, and his territory was reduced to the state of Connecticut and Fisher's Island, NY.
Thomas Galberry, an Augustinian friar and former president of Villanova College, was installed as the 4th bishop of Hartford in 1877. Galberry only served for two years before an abrupt death but he was able to lay down the cornerstone of the original cathedral. Galberry was followed by Lawrence S. McMahon. McMahon had served as chaplain with the 28th Massachusetts. Under his leadership of 14 years, 48 parishes as well as 16 school parishes were established. The sixth bishop, Michael Tierney, helped with the creation of 5 diocesan hospitals.
John Joseph Nilan became the seventh bishop while John Murray became the first auxiliary bishop of Hartford. Murray would later become the Archbishop of St. Paul.
Archdiocese
In 1945, Henry Joseph O'Brien was installed as the ninth bishop of Hartford. During his tenure, the diocese became an archdiocese under Pope Pius XII in 1953, and thus O'Brien became the first archbishop of Hartford. At this time, the suffragan dioceses of Norwich in the eastern and Bridgeport in the southwestern portions of the state were formed.
On October 31st, 2020, Michael J. McGivney, who founded the Knights of Columbus within the then Diocese of Hartford in 1882 was beatified at a mass celebrated in the Cathedral of St. Joseph. A concurrent ceremony was held at St. Mary's Church in New Haven, CT, where McGivney was assigned as an associate pastor.
Reports of sex abuse
There have been a number of trials concerning child abuse. In February 2005, former Archdiocese of Hartford priest Roman Kramek was deported back to his native country of Poland after serving nine months in prison for sexually assaulting a teenage girl who had sought his spiritual counseling in 2002. In August 2013, Michael Joseph Miller, who previously served at St Paul's church in New Britain, plead guilty to possession of child pornography, publishing an obscenity, and three counts of risk of injury to a minor. He was then sentenced to 5-20 years in prison.
On January 22, 2019, the Archdiocese of Hartford released a list of 48 clergy who were "credibly accused" of committing acts of sex while serving in the archdiocese. The archdiocese also revealed that $50.6 million was paid to settle more than 140 claims of sexual abuse. In March 2020, a joint settlement of $7.48 million was issued by both the Archdiocese of Hartford and Hopkins School in New Haven for shielding acts of abuse committed by Archdiocese of Hartford teacher Glenn Goncalo when he taught at Hopkins between at least 1990 and 1991. Goncalo committed suicide in 1991 as arraignments were being made for him to surrender to the police.
Coat of arms
The web site of the Archdiocese of Hartford provides the following description of its coat of arms, shown in the information box to the right at the beginning of the article: "The arms of the Archdiocese of Hartford are called canting arms or armes parlantes, which speak or proclaim the name of the bearer. It displays a hart (deer) crossing a ford (hart+ford = Hartford), and is analogue to the ancient arms of the City of Oxford in England which displays an ox crossing a ford in the same manner. The hart bears a Paschal banner, a symbol of Jesus Christ. The wavy silver and blue lines at the base of the shield are the heraldic convention for water and are an allusion to the Connecticut River which flows through the state."
The web site credits Pierre de Chaignon Larose for the design, introduced during Nilan’s term as the seventh Bishop of Hartford (1910-1934).
Bishops
The following are the lists of ordinaries (bishops of the diocese) and auxiliary bishops, and their terms of service. They are followed by other priests of this diocese who became bishops.
Bishops of Hartford
William Tyler (1843–1849)
Bernard O'Reilly (1849–1856)
Francis Patrick McFarland (1858–1875)
Thomas Galberry (1877–1879)
Lawrence S. McMahon (1879–1893)
Michael Tierney (1894–1908)
John J. Nilan (1910–1934)
Maurice F. McAuliffe (1934–1944)
Henry J. O'Brien (1945–1953), elevated to Archbishop
Archbishops of Hartford
Henry J. O'Brien (1953–1969)
John F. Whealon (1969–1991)
Daniel Anthony Cronin (1992–2003)
Henry J. Mansell (2003–2013)
Leonard P. Blair (2013–present)
Current auxiliary bishop of Hartford
Juan Miguel Betancourt (2018–present)
Former auxiliary bishops of Hartford
John Gregory Murray (1920–1925), appointed Bishop of Portland and later Archbishop of Saint Paul
Maurice F. McAuliffe (1925–1934), appointed Bishop of Hartford
Henry Joseph O'Brien (1940–1945), appointed Bishop and later Archbishop of Hartford
John Francis Hackett (1953–1986)
Joseph Francis Donnelly (1965–1977)
Peter A. Rosazza (1978–2010)
Paul S. Loverde (1988–1993), appointed Bishop of Ogdensburg and later Bishop of Arlington
Christie Macaluso (1997–2017)
Other priests of this diocese who became bishops
Thomas Francis Hendricken, appointed Bishop of Providence in 1872
Bonaventure Broderick, appointed Auxiliary bishop of San Cristóbal de la Habana in Cuba in 1903
Thomas Joseph Shahan, appointed Rector of The Catholic University of America, and in 1914 Auxiliary Bishop of Baltimore
Francis Joseph Tief, appointed Bishop of Concordia in 1920
Joseph Edward McCarthy, appointed Bishop of Portland in Maine in 1932
Francis Patrick Keough, appointed Bishop of Providence in 1934 and later Archbishop of Baltimore
Matthew Francis Brady, appointed Bishop of Burlington in 1938 and later Bishop of Manchester
Patrick Joseph McCormick, appointed Rector of The Catholic University of America twice and later, in 1950, Auxiliary Bishop of Washington
Vincent Joseph Hines, appointed Bishop of Norwich in 1959
Peter Leo Gerety, appointed Coadjutor of Portland in 1966 and subsequently succeeded to that see, and later Archbishop of Newark
Parishes
Due to ongoing pastoral planning within the archdiocese, many parish churches have been consolidated and now share a pastor and other clergy and administrative staff. In this list, individual church buildings that are open for worship will be listed, in the first column, with a wikilink to an article about the church where available. The second column lists the name of the parish (if different from the name of the church), along with a link to the parish website if available.
Former Churches
Archives
Despite disagreement with the majority of genealogists, this particular archdiocese holds firm in their belief that none of their records will be made public for genealogical research. This is a particular hindrance to those wishing to study records of Acadians who were deported to this area in the 1700's, as well as tracing French Canadian families who worked in industrial mills, as they frequently moved throughout various portions of New England and New York. According to the official policy of the Archdiocese, "Sacramental Records are he property of the Church and are not public records in the sense that they are not open to immediate examination and inspection by anyone for whatever reason." They further state, in regards to the only written requests, the only way to request of genealogical records, "Fulfillment of requests is a courtesy, if and when time permits. Restrictions and additional fees may apply. Results are not guaranteed."
This is in contrast to the policy of a nearby Archdiocese, the Archdiocese of Boston, who has partnered with American Ancestors to make their records publicly accessible
Schools
High schools
Academy of Our Lady of Mercy, Lauralton Hall, Milford
Canterbury School, New Milford
East Catholic High School, Manchester
Holy Cross High School, Waterbury
Northwest Catholic High School, West Hartford
Notre Dame High School, West Haven
Sacred Heart Academy, Hamden
St. Paul Catholic High School, Bristol
Seminaries
St. Thomas Seminary, Bloomfield
Media
The Catholic Transcript magazine
WJMJ radio
Province of Hartford
See: List of the Catholic bishops of the United States#Province of Hartford
See also
Catholic Church in the United States
Ecclesiastical Province of Hartford
Global organisation of the Catholic Church
List of Roman Catholic archdioceses (by country and continent)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (alphabetical) (including archdioceses)
List of Roman Catholic dioceses (structured view) (including archdioceses)
List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States
References
External links
Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford Official Site
Catholic Church in Connecticut
Hartford
Hartford
Hartford
1843 establishments in Connecticut |
3998372 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haukd%C3%A6lir%20family%20clan | Haukdælir family clan | The Haukdælir (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ) were one of the family clans who controlled medieval Iceland during the period of the Icelandic Commonwealth. Their name is derived from Haukadalur (literally, Valley of the Hawks). The Haukdælir traced their lineage to Ketilbjörn Ketilsson, who settled on land in Grímsnes and received a Goðorð in Árnesþing. Their influence was prominent during the 10th to 13th centuries, first as progressives concerning Christianity, and later as chieftains and participants in the Age of the Sturlungs civil war. In the 13th century, Gissur Þorvaldsson, leader of the Haukdælir, was made Jarl of Iceland by the King of Norway.
References
Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg, Helgi Skúli Kjartansson Íslenskur sögu atlas: 1. bindi: Frá öndverðu til 18. aldar Almenna bókafélagið, Reykjavík 1989
Icelandic family clans |
3998379 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jainism%20in%20Maharashtra | Jainism in Maharashtra | Jainism has been present in Maharashtra since ancient times. The famous Ellora Caves demonstrate that Jainism was part of a thriving religious culture in Maharashtra in premodern times.
History
Jainism in Maharashtra has a long history.
The oldest inscription in Maharashtra is a 2nd-century BC Jain inscription in a cave near Pale village in the Pune District. It was written in the Jain Prakrit and includes the Navkar Mantra.
The first Marathi inscription known is at Shravanabelagola, Karnataka near the left foot of the statue of Bahubali, dated 981 CE.
Maharashtra was ruled many Jain rulers such as the Rashtrakuta dynasty and the Shilaharas. Many of forts were built by kings from these dynasties and thus Jain temples or their remains are found in them. Texts such as the Shankardigvijaya and Shivlilamruta suggest that a large number of Marathi peoplefollowed jainism in the ancient period.
Jain communities in present day Maharashtra
The native Jains of Maharashtra today are endogamous communities and generally do not intermarry with the Jains who have arrived from North India. They are all Digambaras and are divided into four large communities:
Saitwal, originally Tailors and Cloth Merchants
Chaturtha, originally agriculturists, now engaged in various professions
Panchama, various professions
Kasar, traditionally coppersmiths
In addition there are several smaller native Maharashtrian Jain communities.
Upajjhaya
Kamboja
Harada
Jabade, Jain community in Maharashtra
Dhakad A small Jain community found primarily in Western Vidarbha districts of Akola, Yavatmal, Washim and Amravati.
Each of the four major communities led by its own spiritual leader (Bhattaraka), who heads a Matha.
Immigrant Jains have a large population in Maharashtra. Majority of them are from Rajasthan and Gujarat. Some of them are from Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh. Some of these communities have been in Maharashtra for centuries, and are now indistinguishable from the native residents of Maharashtra. They are divided in following large groups:
Agrawal
Oswal
Sarawagi
Jaiswal
Shrimali
Humad
Bagherwal
Palliwal
Porwad
Ban. And Parmar etc.
Religious organizations
The Dakshin Bharat Jain Sabha is a religious and social service organization of the Jains of South India. The organization is headquartered at Kolhapur, Maharashtra, India. The association is credited with being one of the first Jain associations to start reform movements among the Jains in modern India. The organization mainly seeks to represent the interests of the native Jains of Maharashtra (Marathi Jains) and Karnataka (Kannada Jains).
Jainism in Mumbai
Mumbai has one of the largest populations of Jains amongst all the cities in India. Mumbai also has numerous Jain temples.
Jain Tirthas and Temples
Ellora Jain Caves
Mangi-Tungi
Kumbhoj
Jahaj Mandir, Mandwala
Shantinath Jain Teerth
Godiji Parshwanath Temple, Mumbai
Nemgiri in Parbhani district
Katraj Tirth, Pune
Gajpanth
Babu Amichand Panalal Adishwarji Jain Temple, Walkeshwar
Shri Antariksha Parshvanath
Shree Vimalnath Bhagwan Tirth, Sakri
Shirpurji teerth, Dhule district, Nashik
Pashvanath Jain Temple, Nijampur Dhule
Shri 1008 Mallinath Digamber Jain Atishaya Kshetra, Shirad Shahpur
Shri vimalnatha swami Jain shwetambar temple in Bibwewadi
Kachner Jain temple in Aurangabad, Maharashtra
Paithan Jain Tirth
Trimurti Digambar Jain Mandir in Sanjay Gandhi National Park, Borivali
Shree Mahavir Jain Temple in Pimpri-Chinchwad near pune
Ramtek
Shri Digamber Jain Siddha Kshetra Kunthalgiri, Dist. Osmanabad, Maharashtra
Gallery
Notable Marathi Jains
Walchand Hirachand
Ajit Gulabchand
Akshar Kothari
V. Shantaram
Sandhya Shantaram
Kiran Shantaram
Karmaveer Bhaurao Patil
Bal Patil
Suresh Jain
Vaibhav Mangle
Raju Shetti
Vidyadhar Johrapurkar
Nirmalkumar Phadkule
Vilas Adinath Sangave
Dhulappa Bhaurao Navale
Kallapa Awade
Rajendra Patil
Justice Bhalchandra Vagyani
Dhananjay Gunde
See also
Jainism in Mumbai
Acharya Shantisagar
Acharya Vidyasagar
References
External links
JainConnect.org - Newly evolving Online Portal/Directory for Jain Community
A portal to connect jains and discuss about Jainism and other things
Jain Tirthas in Maharashtra
Ellora
History Of Maharashtra
Jain communities
Jainism in India
History of Maharashtra |
3998385 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nusa%20Penida | Nusa Penida | Nusa Penida () is an island located in the southeastern Indonesian island of Bali and a district of Klungkung Regency that includes the neighbouring small island of Nusa Lembongan and twelve even smaller islands. The Badung Strait separates the island and Bali. The interior of Nusa Penida is hilly with a maximum altitude of 524 metres. It is drier than the nearby island of Bali. It is one of the major tourist attractions among the three Nusa islands.
There are thirteen small islands nearby - Nusa Lembongan, Nusa Ceningan and eleven even smaller - which are included within the district (kecamatan). Administratively, the kecamatan of the same name, had a population of 45,110 at the 2010 census, covering 202.8 km2, very little changed from 10 years prior.
Bali Bird Sanctuary
Nusa Penida, and neighbouring Lembongan and Ceningan islands, are a bird sanctuary. The islands communities have used traditional Balinese village regulations to create the sanctuary. The idea of a sanctuary came from the Friends of the National Parks Foundation (FNPF).
In 2006 all 35 villages (now 41 villages) agreed to make bird protection part of their traditional regulations (). Since then, the FNPF has rehabilitated and released various Indonesian birds, most notably the critically endangered Bali starling which is endemic to Bali but whose numbers in the wild had declined to less than 10 in 2005. After a two-year program by FNPF in which 64 cage bred birds were rehabilitated and released onto Nusa Penida, their number had increased to over 100 in 2009. Other released birds include the Java sparrow, Mitchell's lorikeet and sulphur crested cockatoo.
Destinations
Points of interest on Nusa Penida include:
Kelingking Beach
Broken Beach
Angel Billabong
Crystal Bay
Atuh Beach
Diamond Beach
Suwehan Beach
Peguyangan Waterfall
Tembeling Forest
Segening Waterfall
Dive sites
Nusa Penida covers a wide area of diving locations, including Penida Bay, Batu Lumbung (Manta Point), Batu Meling, Batu Abah, Toya Pakeh and Malibu Point. The flow through the Lombok Strait is, overall, south-tending, although the strength and direction of the tidal streams are influenced by the monsoon seasons.
During the southeast monsoons, the tidal flow tends south; during the northeast monsoons, the tidal flow tends north. In the area of the strait north of Nusa Penida, the pattern is relatively simple, with a flow, at peaktide, of about three-and-one-half knots. Tidal streams in Badung Strait are semi-diurnal, but the character of the stream is very complicated because its direction runs obliquely to the general south to north direction of Lombok Strait, and the channel has a curved shape.
Based on survey in 2009, there was about 1,419 hectares coral sites with 66 percent covered the sites in 3 metres depth and 74 percent covered the sites in 10 metres depth.
References
External links
Districts of Bali
Islands of Bali
Klungkung Regency |
3998401 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sv%C3%ADnfellingar%20family%20clan | Svínfellingar family clan | The Svínfellings (or Svínfellingar) were a family clan in the medieval Icelandic Commonwealth. They ruled the Eastern Region of Iceland. Their forefather was Flosi, one of the Burners of Njal. Their name is derived from the clan's Svínafell homestead in Öræfi.
References
Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg, Helgi Skúli Kjartansson Íslenskur sögu atlas: 1. bindi: Frá öndverðu til 18. aldar Almenna bókafélagið, Reykjavík 1989
Icelandic family clans |
3998426 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vatnsfir%C3%B0ingar%20family%20clan | Vatnsfirðingar family clan | The Vatnsfirðings (or Vatnsfirðingar) were one of the most influential family clans in twelfth century Iceland during the period of the Icelandic Commonwealth. Their domain of influence was the town of Ísafjörður and its environs.
References
Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg, Helgi Skúli Kjartansson Íslenskur sögu atlas: 1. bindi: Frá öndverðu til 18. aldar Almenna bókafélagið, Reykjavík 1989
Icelandic family clans |
3998436 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alaska%20State%20Writing%20Consortium | Alaska State Writing Consortium | Since 1980, the Alaska State Writing Consortium (ASWC) is an organisation which supports the teaching of writing by working with teachers and students across Alaska. Its mission is to improve student writing through professional development of teachers at all grade levels.
The ASWC model is based on the Bay Area Writing Project developed in 1974 at the University of California, Berkeley. The Bay Area’s success as an effective staff development model led to the formation of the National Writing Project, which is now partially funded with annual federal appropriations. The National Writing Project has established over 175 projects worldwide, including the Alaska State Project.
Membership
In Alaska, K-12 school districts contribute an annual membership fee and join the consortium, which partners with the University of Alaska, the Alaska Department of Education and Early Development, and the National Writing Project to deliver inservices. All 54 Alaskan districts have been ASWC members, some for 25 years. A ten-person advisory board with regional representatives who are teachers, administrators, and university faculty guide the policies and practices of the ASWC.
Achievements
During its history, the ASWC has trained over 4,000 of the state’s teaching force through summer institutes, school year workshops, and credit courses. As teachers retire, new replacements are encouraged by ASWC member districts to participate in ASWC training. In the last 25 years, there have been over 100 institutes in locations from Kotzebue to Ketchikan, Bethel to Barrow. One, two, three and four week sessions center on teachers teaching teachers – about effective writing practices and research – that cross all grade levels and subject areas. Basic and Invitational Institutes are the foundation of the ASWC training repertoire. In order to respond to the differing needs of Alaskan teachers and districts, the ASWC developed and adapted specialized institutes on Primary Literacy, Writing Assessment, Reading and Writing Connections, Classroom-based Research, Technology, Writing Across the Curriculum, Scientific Writing, Brain Research, Writing to Learn Mathematics, and Writing and the Visual Arts. Online institutes and courses have been operating in Alaska for over a decade and continue to grow in popularity reaching teachers formerly cut off because they teach in remote parts of the state often accessible only by air or water. Most recently ASWC has delved into the areas of teaching teachers about weblogs and digital storytelling.
In addition to professional development, the ASWC has produced a five-part video series, “Writing: Alaskan Style”, a periodic newsletter, “Northword,” a monthly e-newsletter ASWC-Notes and anthologies of writing by Alaskan teachers, Shaping the Landscape.
Based on the continued success of the ASWC, other Alaskan organizations formed similar consortia in math, science and the arts on the original ASWC model.
Founding members
Darby Anderson
Diane Borgman
Dottie Sanders
Eileen Clark
Elyse Eidman-Aadahl
Ginny King-Taylor
Lynn Fry
Marilyn Buckley
Mary K. Healy
Richard Sterling
Sondra Porter
Susan Stitham
1980 establishments in Alaska
Educational organizations based in Alaska
Organizations established in 1980 |
3998459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Firstborn%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 | Firstborn (Star Trek: The Next Generation) | "Firstborn" is the 173rd episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. The 21st episode of the seventh season. It was broadcast on television in April 1994.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Worf is visited by a mysterious Klingon saying Worf's brother Kurn sent him to help Alexander grow into becoming a Klingon warrior.
This episode has an appearance of the Duras Sisters who also appeared that same year in feature film Star Trek Generations (1994).
Plot
Worf is concerned that his son Alexander is not pursuing his Klingon heritage and has no desire to become a Klingon warrior. Captain Picard recommends that Worf should expose Alexander to more of his heritage at the Kot'baval festival at Maranga IV. When the Enterprise stops at Maranga IV as part of a routine mission, Worf takes Alexander to the festival and this appears to help Alexander become interested in the Klingon way of life. When the two of them are suddenly attacked by a trio of Klingon warriors, another Klingon arrives and helps them fight off the trio. He introduces himself as K'mtar, a gin'tak or adviser to the House of Mogh who has come to protect Worf. K'mtar joins Worf and Alexander as they return to the Enterprise while the crew investigates the attack.
With Worf's approval, K'mtar tries to train Alexander in the ways of the Klingon warrior, but this proves ineffective. K'mtar recommends that Worf send Alexander to a Klingon military academy, which would be harsh on Alexander but effective. Worf balks at the idea, and K'mtar threatens to invoke Klingon law to take custody of Alexander from Worf. When K'mtar pressures Alexander to join the academy, the boy refuses.
The Enterprise crew examine one of the daggers used during the attack on Worf and Alexander. It bears markings of the Duras sisters. Commander Riker gets intelligence from Quark at Deep Space Nine that helps the Enterprise crew locate the Duras sisters and accuses them of the assassination attempt. The sisters deny any involvement. When Worf presents the dagger, they recognize one marking as belonging to Lursa's son, despite the fact she has only just learned she has become pregnant.
Worf then finds K'mtar about to kill a sleeping Alexander, and immobilizes him. K'mtar is forced to reveal that he is really Alexander from 40 years in the future, having traveled back in time to prepare his younger self for an assassination attempt on his father. He had arranged the attack on Maranga IV to trigger a desire to protect Worf and had hoped to direct the young Alexander to take the warrior's path so as to prevent Worf's assassination later. Worf tells K'mtar that he could only die happy knowing that Alexander followed the course he wanted to take in life. With Worf's resolve and newfound appreciation for his son's interests, K'mtar is satisfied and returns to his own time.
Reception
In 2019, the Nerdist ranked the future Alexander, K'mtar, as one of the top seven time travelers of the entire Star Trek franchise up to that time.
Time magazine rated Lursa and B'Etor (who appear in this episode) the 9th best villains of the Star Trek franchise in 2016.
In 2021, Screen Rant said this was an exploration of Father-Son relationships, as well as Klingon culture and noted the presence of the Duras Sisters.
Video releases
This was released in Japan on LaserDisc on October 9, 1998 as part of the half-season collection Log.14: Seventh Season Part.2. This set included episodes from "Lower Decks" to Part II of "All Good Things", with English and Japanese audio tracks.
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 7) episodes
1994 American television episodes
Star Trek time travel episodes
Fiction set in the 25th century |
3998467 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resorcinarene | Resorcinarene | A resorcinarene (also resorcarene or calix[4]resorcinarene) is a macrocycle, or a cyclic oligomer, based on the condensation of resorcinol (1,3-dihydroxybenzene) and an aldehyde. Resorcinarenes are a type of calixarene. Other types of resorcinarenes include the related pyrogallolarenes and octahydroxypyridines, derived from pyrogallol and 2,6-dihydroxypyridine, respectively.
Resorcinarenes interact with other molecules forming a host–guest complex. Resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes self-assemble into larger supramolecular structures. Both in the crystalline state and in organic solvents, six resorcinarene molecules are known to form hexamers with an internal volume of around one cubic nanometer (nanocapsules) and shapes similar to the Archimedean solids. Hydrogen bonds appear to hold the assembly together. A number of solvent or other molecules reside inside. The resorcinarene is also the basic structural unit for other molecular recognition scaffolds, typically formed by bridging the phenolic oxygens with alkyl or aromatic spacers. A number of molecular structures are based on this macrocycle, namely cavitands and carcerands.
Synthesis
The resorcinarenes are typically prepared by condensation of resorcinol and an aldehyde in acid solution. This reaction was first described by Adolf von Baeyer who described the condensation of resorcinol and benzaldehyde but was unable to elucidate the nature of the product(s). The methods have since been refined. Recrystallization typically gives the desired isomer in quite pure form. However, for certain aldehydes, the reaction conditions lead to significant by-products. Alternative condensation conditions have been developed, including the use of Lewis acid catalysts.
A green chemistry procedure uses solvent-free conditions: resorcinol, an aldehyde, and p-toluenesulfonic acid are ground together in a mortar and pestle at low temperature.
Structure
Resorcinarenes can be characterized by a wide upper rim and a narrow lower rim. The upper rim includes eight hydroxyl groups that can participate in hydrogen bonding interactions. Depending on the aldehyde starting material, the lower rim includes four appending groups, usually chosen to give optimal solubility.
The resorcin[n]arene nomenclature is analogous to that of calix[n]arenes, in which 'n' represents the number of repeating units in the ring. Pyrogallolarenes are related macrocycles derived from the condensation of pyrogallol (1,2,3-trihydroxybenzene) with an aldehyde.
Resorcinarenes and pyrogallolarenes self-assemble to give supramolecular assemblies. Both in the crystalline state and in solution, they are known to form hexamers that are akin to certain Archimedean solids with an internal volume of around one cubic nanometer (nanocapsules). (Isobutylpyrogallol[4]arene)6 is held together by 48 intermolecular hydrogen bonds. The remaining 24 hydrogen bonds are intramolecular. The cavity is filled by solvent.
Catalysis
The resorcinarene hexamer has been described as a yoctolitre reaction vessel. Within the confines of the container, terpene cyclizations and iminium catalyzed reactions have been observed.
References
Supramolecular chemistry
Macrocycles
Cyclophanes |
3998471 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kam%20Woo-sung | Kam Woo-sung | Kam Woo-sung (born October 1, 1970) is a South Korean actor. He is best known for his portrayal of a court jester serving a despotic king in the hit period film The King and the Clown.
Career
Kam Woo-sung majored in Oriental painting at the Seoul National University, then made his acting debut in the 1991 television drama Our Paradise. Through his roles on TV in the following decade, Kam became known for playing gentle and intellectual upper-middle-class men, notably in Hyun-jung, I Love You. Then in 2002, he successfully subverted this image in his first film, the critically acclaimed Marriage Is a Crazy Thing, in which he played a commitment-phobic professor having a passionate affair.
More characters followed in a variety of genres: a man trapped in a confusing and haunting sequence of events in Song Il-gon's mystery film Spider Forest; the PTSD-afflicted leader of a South Korean squadron in Vietnam who looks into the mysterious disappearance of 18 soldiers in the horror thriller R-Point; and a son struggling to fake Korea's reunification to fulfill an ailing father's wish in the comedy A Bold Family.
In late 2005, Kam reached a turning point in his 15-year career when he starred in The King and the Clown. Jang Hyuk was originally cast in the leading role of a court jester during the reign of Joseon Dynasty tyrant King Yeonsan, but after Jang was implicated in a draft-dodging scandal, Kam was brought in to replace him. He trained extensively over two months in the art of Korean traditional performance, including street opera, and acrobatic, rope and mask dances. The low-budget film unexpectedly broke box office records to become (at the time) the highest grossing Korean film of all time. Critics praised Kam's "powerful energy and wit," and his performance garnered acting recognition, including Best Actor at the 2006 Grand Bell Awards.
He returned to television in Alone in Love (2006), which was lauded for its realistic portrayal of a divorced couple. Back on the big screen, Kam reunited with previous A Bold Family costar (and close friend in real life) Kim Su-ro in Big Bang (2007), followed by the ensemble romantic comedy My Love and crime thriller The Outlaw (2010). Kam was listed as one of the highest paid entertainers on the KBS network in 2011, earning for playing Geunchogo of Baekje in the 60-episode series The King of Legend.
Though appearing less frequently in projects, Kam has starred in melodramas My Spring Days (2014), Should We Kiss First? (2018) and The Wind Blows (2019) in recent years.
Personal life
After dating for 15 years, Kam married actress Kang Min-ah in Australia in 2006.
Filmography
Film
Television series
Awards
Album
《I Will》- MBC drama "My Spring Days" OST(2014)
References
External links
Kam Woo-sung at 8D Creative
People from North Chungcheong Province
South Korean male film actors
South Korean male television actors
1970 births
Living people
Hoesan Gam clan |
3998476 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa%20Rosa%20High%20School | Santa Rosa High School | Santa Rosa High School may refer to:
Santa Rosa High School (Santa Rosa, California)
Santa Rosa High School (Santa Rosa, New Mexico)
Santa Rosa High School (Texas), a high school in the Santa Rosa Independent School District in Santa Rosa, Texas |
3998480 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weigh%20station | Weigh station | A weigh station is a checkpoint along a highway to inspect vehicular weights and safety compliance criteria. Usually, trucks and commercial vehicles are subject to the inspection.
Weigh stations are equipped with truck scales, some of which are weigh in motion and permit the trucks to continue moving while being weighed, while older scales require the trucks to stop. There are many different scales used, from single axle scales to multi-axle sets. Signal lights indicate if the driver should pull over for additional inspection or if they are allowed to return to the highway.
Many jurisdictions employ the use of portable scales, allowing weigh stations to be set up at any point. Portable scales allow states to set up temporary scales for situations such as seasonal check points, temporary checkpoints on isolated roads often used by trucks, or to prevent drivers from avoiding scales at fixed locations. Portable scales may be set up at purpose built locations that are not normally staffed. A common reason for setting up portable scales is to monitor trucks during harvest season.
United States
A weigh station located near a state border is called a port of entry. States may also locate weigh stations in the interior of the state. Interior weigh stations are often located at choke points or areas where freight originates or is delivered.
Weigh stations were primarily created to collect road use taxes before IFTA created an integrated system of doing so. While taxes can still be paid at weigh stations, their primary function is now enforcement of tax and safety regulations. These include checking freight carrier compliance with fuel tax laws; checking weight restrictions; checking equipment safety; and checking compliance with hours of service regulations. Weigh stations are regulated by individual state governments and therefore have vastly different requirements from state to state. They are typically operated by the state's Department of Transportation (DOT) or Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) in conjunction with the state highway patrol or state police, thus enabling enforcement of applicable laws. The federal maximum weight is set at 80,000 pounds. Trucks exceeding the federal weight limit can still operate on the country's highways with an overweight permit, but such permits are only issued before the scheduled trip and expire at the end of the trip. Overweight permits are only issued for loads that cannot be broken down to smaller shipments that fall below the federal weight limit, and if there is no other alternative to moving the cargo by truck. Permitted oversize trucks are often required to coordinate with the departments of transportation and law enforcement agencies of the transited states before the trip begins, as most states require oversize trucks to be escorted. Many states have weigh in motion technology that allow a continuous flow of truck weighing.
Many states also check freight paperwork, vehicle paperwork, and logbooks to ensure that fuel taxes have been paid and that truck drivers are obeying the hours of service (a federal requirement). Also, the truck and driver may have to undergo a DOT inspection, as most states perform the bulk of their DOT inspections at their weigh stations. In some cases, if a truck is found to be overweight, the vehicle is ordered to stop until the situation can be fixed by acquiring an overweight permit. In other cases, the driver may receive an overweight ticket and may or may not be required to offload the extra freight. Offloading the extra freight may not be practical for perishable or hazardous loads. The first state to implement a weight law was Maine, which set a limit of 18,000 pounds (9 tons; 8,200 kg) in 1918.
Two types of loads may result in overweight trucks: divisible and non-divisible. A divisible load is a load which can be easily divided into smaller parts, such as products that are shipped on pallets, automobiles or grains. A non-divisible load is a load which is unable to be divided into smaller parts, like a piece of equipment or a steel beam. All states provide permits for non-divisible loads though the truck may have restricted routing. Some states allow tolerances for any over weight truck. Some states have specific allowances for types of loads for which they will allow tolerances. For example, Wyoming allows 2000 pounds for chains, tarps and dunnage that accompany a non-divisible load.
Truckers often refer to weigh stations as "chicken coops."
Electronic weigh station bypass
Many states now use electronic bypass systems (or AVI - Automatic Vehicle Identification) to alleviate some of the truck traffic through the weigh station. Some of the best known are PrePass, NORPASS and Drivewyze. The system may consist of equipment at the weigh station itself, as well as a truck mounted transponder or smartphone, usually placed on the inside of the windshield or on the dashboard. The transponders are similar to those used for toll collection. Each transponder is directly registered to a specific truck, and contains a unique identification. The registration process propagates information such as carrier name, unit number, and elected gross weight to weigh stations. In addition, the system keeps a basic safety and compliance record for each vehicle. As a truck approaches a weigh station (approximately one mile before), an electronic "reader" on a boom over the freeway reads the information from the truck transponder. It also looks at the safety and compliance record on the database. A display shows the results to the weigh master, including the speed of the vehicle. The weigh master may have the system automatically determine if a truck needs to stop or may override the system. Approximately one-half to one full mile after passing under the "reader", the truck will pass under another boom which has an electronic unit to send the transponder a signal. If the safety information is acceptable, the truck may receive a green light and can continue without entering the weigh station at all. There are weight detecting devices in the roadway itself. A driver may get a red light. On these occasions, the truck must pull into the weigh station for the normal weigh-in procedure. The most common reason a truck is "redlighted" is a weight problem, or a random check. Each time a truck is randomly pulled in, it is noted in the system whether the driver was compliant or not during the check. This affects how often a truck (or different trucks from the same company) is pulled in. For example, a company which is very compliant with the law will probably only have 5% of its trucks "redlighted."
A 2020 Texas A&M Traffic Institute study commissioned by a trucking safety advocate nonprofit group revealed performance differences between weigh station bypass systems that use transponders, stand-alone hardware devices that uses RFID technology, versus wireless app-based communication technologies that work via a mobile device (smart phone or tablet) in the truck or as part of a truck's on-board telematics. The transponders were more accurate in conditions of slow and heavy traffic when there is little space between trucks; the wireless solutions performed best in lighter traffic.
Canada
British Columbia
Weigh Stations (aka "Scales") are usually on the right-hand side of the travelled highway, but median scales are appearing (as of 2005) on divided highways, often combined with "weigh-in-motion" technology.
A median scale is placed between the opposing lanes of traffic, necessitating heavy vehicles exiting from the left lane (rather than the right) and re-entering traffic from the left, potentially at a lower speed than the normal "free-flow" traffic would expect in the left (often thought of as "fast") lane.
"Weigh-in-motion" technology allows heavy vehicles that do not exceed limits of weight (and size) to pass the scale, thus improving both freight and weigh scale operation efficiency.
Alberta
In Alberta, scales can be on either on the roadside, on the median or off the highway. Flashing lights inform drivers as to whether the scale is operational. Occasionally, the lights may be operational in only one direction.
Alberta scales are all of the 'weigh-in-motion' type, and vehicles are not required to stop; they merely have to slow to 10 km/h.
Scales which are not operational are often available to drivers as a 'self-weigh' site, where drivers can check their axle loads without enforcement officials being involved.
Northwest Territories
The government of the Northwest Territories operates only one scale. It is situated in the townsite of Enterprise, 83 kilometers north of the territory's border with Alberta. It issues permits for vehicles from other jurisdictions, weighs vehicles and enforces hours of service legislation.
Taiwan
In Taiwan, weigh stations () are located on major highways, especially at all toll booths on freeways. Advanced signs tell that trucks must enter the weigh stations when the attached lights are flashing, usually when tolls are collected.
Since the National Highway 1 was built with older designs, all weigh stations have older scales so trucks must stop. Weigh stations along the National Highway 3 have weigh-in-motion scales at 7 central and southern toll stations, but northern stations at Cidu, Shulin, and Longtan have traditional scales where trucks must stop.
The Taiwan Area National Freeway Bureau applies for periodical inspections of truck scales every three months. Truckers entering a weigh-in-motion scale are advised not to accelerate or decelerate suddenly, or they may be required to be weighed again.
Automatic weigh stations
By using sensors embedded in the road surfaces, combined with camera's that can recognize licence plates, vehicles can be weighed without the need to stop. This system, known as weigh in motion, is used mainly in Europe.
See also
Commercial Vehicle Inspection
References
External links
United States Truck Weigh Stations and Scales
Truck Weigh Stations and Scales Real Time Status
Freight transport
Industrial buildings
Road infrastructure
Weighing instruments |
3998491 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolbeinn%20Tumason | Kolbeinn Tumason | Kolbeinn Tumason (Old Norse: ; Modern Icelandic: ; 1173–1208) was a member of the Ásbirningar family clan, and was one of the most powerful chieftains in Iceland around the turn of the 13th century. His power was probably at its height around 1200 AD. Kolbeinn used his influence to ensure that men in his favour received positions of power within the clergy, amongst them bishop Guðmundur Arason. Guðmundur, unbeknownst to Kolbeinn, proved to be an advocate of clerical independence and resented interference from the secular chieftains. The two were soon at odds. In 1208, Kolbeinn and his followers attacked Guðmundur and his supporters in Hjaltadalur by Víðines. The ensuing battle is known as the Battle of Víðines. Kolbeinn died in the conflict, his head bashed in with a rock.
Kolbeinn the poet
Not withstanding his opposition to bishop Guðmundur, sources indicate that Kolbeinn was a devoutly religious man of some education. He is best known for composing the hymn Heyr himna smiður (English: "Hear, Smith of heavens") on his deathbed. It is now a classic and often-sung Icelandic hymn.
References
Árni Daníel Júlíusson, Jón Ólafur Ísberg, Helgi Skúli Kjartansson Íslenskur sögu atlas: 1. bindi: Frá öndverðu til 18. aldar Almenna bókafélagið, Reykjavík 1989
Sigurður Nordal et al., Sýnisbók íslenzkra bókmennta til miðrar átjándu aldar, Reykjavík 1953.
External links
A live performance of this poem sung by Árstíðir
1173 births
1208 deaths
Icelandic male poets
12th-century Icelandic people
Skalds
13th-century Icelandic poets
Goðar
Icelandic hymnwriters |
3998519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Risciso | Risciso | RISC-ISO (stylized as RISCISO) (Pronounced RISK – I – S – O or RISK eye-so) was an online warez group, founded in approximately 1993, dedicated to distributing newly released copyrighted software, games and movies. The acronym "RISC" stood for Rise in Superior Couriering, and "ISO" referred to a file format commonly used for the storage and transfer of disc images although the group RISC and RiSCiSO were two completely separate groups. The organization operated until the Operation Site Down raids in the summer of 2005. American authorities are still searching for the organization's ring leader Sean Patrick O'Toole, after he failed to appear in an American court in February 2006. He placed a call to his friend and group leader Sandy Fury, wishing her a happy birthday and an apology and then disappeared at Heathrow Airport.
In all, a total of 19 individuals have been charged with a 15-count indictment brought by the U.S. Attorney's Office under Patrick Fitzgerald in U.S. District Court in Chicago. The lead prosecutor for the Government in this case was Assistant U.S. Attorney Pravin Rao. (AAP, 2006).
, Sean O'Toole is still a fugitive and no one has heard from him in 2 years. Linda Waldron remains a fugitive in her home in Barbados. In 2008, The executive editor of Wiley & Sons, publishers of Kevin Mitnick and Bruce Schneier books, were in talks with Fury about a publishing deal but another book on Piracy was released around that time and all plans stalled.
An FBI report released in 2011 showed that the materials available for download on one of Risciso's servers exceeded $6.5 million.
See also
Operation Site Down
RISCISO Indictments
Notes
References
AAP. "US seeks accused Aussie internet pirate." The Age. 23 February 2006. online, last consulted 8 September 2010
enigmax [pseud.] "Despite Worldwide Search, RISCISO Warez Leader Escapes US Justice." Torrent Freak. 18 May 2007. online, last consulted 8 September 2010
Jorge Gonzalez. "USA – Copyright Infringer Sentenced to 30 Months in Prison!" zeropaid. 2 May 2008. online, last consulted 8 September 2010
K. C. Jones. "Warez Site Operator Sentenced To 30 Months: Prosecutors said David Fish's sentencing is linked to the largest and most successful global criminal enforcement actions ever taken against organized piracy." InformationWeek. 1 May 2008. online, last consulted 8 September 2010
External links
Warez groups |
5391050 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages%20of%20Nigeria | Languages of Nigeria | There are over 525 native languages spoken in Nigeria. The official language of Nigeria is English, the language of former colonial British Nigeria. As reported in 2003, Nigerian English and Nigerian Pidgin were spoken as a second language by 60 million people in Nigeria. Communication in the English language is much more popular in the country's urban communities than it is in the rural areas, due to globalization.
The major native languages, in terms of population, are Hausa (over 80 million when including second-language, or L2, speakers), Yoruba (over 50 million including L2 speakers), Igbo (over 30 million, including L2 speakers) Fulfulde (13 million), Efik-Ibibio cluster (10 million), Kanuri (8 million), Tiv (5 million), Nupe (3 million) and approx. 2 to 3 million each of Karai-Karai Kupa, Kakanda, Edo, Igala, Idoma and Izon. Nigeria's linguistic diversity is a microcosm of much of Africa as a whole, and the country contains languages from the three major African language families: Afroasiatic, Nilo-Saharan and Niger–Congo. Nigeria also has several as-yet unclassified languages, such as Centúúm, which may represent a relic of an even greater diversity prior to the spread of the current language families.
Selected languages
Afroasiatic languages
The Afroasiatic languages of Nigeria is divided into Chadic, Semitic and Berber. Among these category, Chadic languages predominate, with more than 700 languages. Semitic is represented by various dialects of Arabic spoken in the Northeast and Berber by the Tuareg-speaking communities in the extreme Northwest. The Hausa language is the best known Chadic language in Nigeria; though there is a paucity of statistics on native speakers in Nigeria, the language is spoken by 24 million people in West Africa and is the second language of 15 million more. Hausa has therefore emerged as lingua franca throughout much of West Africa, and the Sahel in particular. The language is spoken primarily amongst Northern Nigerians and is often associated with Islamic culture in Nigeria and West Africa on the whole.
Hausa is classified as a West Chadic language of the Chadic grouping, a major subfamily of Afroasiatic. Culturally the Hausa people became closely integrated with the Fulani following the establishment of the Sokoto Caliphate by the Fulani Uthman dan Fodio in the 19th century. Hausa is the official language of several states in Northern Nigeria and the most important dialect is generally regarded as that spoken in Kano, an Eastern Hausa dialect, which is the standard variety used for official purposes.
Eastern dialects also include some dialects spoken in Zaria and Bauchi; Western Hausa dialects include Sakkwatanchi spoken in Sokoto, Katsinanchi in Katsina Arewanchi in both Gobir and Adar, Kebbi and Zamfara. Katsina is transitional between Eastern and Western dialects. Northern Hausa dialects include Arewa and Arawa, whilst Zaria is a prominent Southern version; Barikanchi is a pidgin formerly used in the military.
Hausa is a very atypical Chadic language, with a reduced tonal system and a phonology influenced by Arabic. Other well-known Chadic languages include Mupun, Ngas, Goemai, Mwaghavul, Bole, Ngizim, Bade and Bachama. In the East of Nigeria and on into Cameroon are the Central Chadic languages such as Bura, Kamwe and Margi. These are highly diverse and remain very poorly described. Many Chadic languages are severely threatened; recent searches by Bernard Caron for Southern Bauchi languages show that even some of those recorded in the 1970s have disappeared. However unknown Chadic languages are still being reported, such as the recent description of Dyarim.
Hausa, as well as other Afroasiatic languages such as Kanuri, Margi, Karai-Karai and Bade (another West Chadic language spoken in northeastern Nigeria), have historically been written in a modified Arabic script known as ajami. However the modern official orthography is now a romanization known as boko introduced by the British regime in the 1930s.
Branches and locations
Below is a list of major Chadic branches and their primary locations based on Blench (2019). Like the Adamawa and Bantu languages, Chadic branches are also referred to by lettered codes.
Other than Chadic languages, Arabic varieties, particularly Shuwa Arabic, are also spoken throughout northern Nigeria.
Niger–Congo languages
Niger–Congo predominates in the Central, East and Southern areas of Nigeria; the main branches represented in Nigeria are Mande, Atlantic, Gur, Kwa, Benue–Congo and Adamawa–Ubangi. Mande is represented by the Busa cluster and Kyenga in the northwest. Fulfulde is the single Atlantic language, of Senegambian origin but now spoken by cattle pastoralists across the Sahel and largely in the northeastern states of Nigeria, especially Adamawa.
The Ijoid languages are spoken across the Niger Delta and include Ịjọ (Ijaw), Kalabari, and the intriguing remnant language Defaka. The Efik language is spoken across the coastal southeastern part of Nigeria and includes the dialects Ibibio, Annang, and Efik proper. The single Gur language spoken is Baatọnun, in the extreme Northwest.
The Adamawa–Ubangian languages are spoken between central Nigeria and the Central African Republic. Their westernmost representatives in Nigeria are the Tula-Waja languages. The Kwa languages are represented by the Gun group in the extreme southwest, which is affiliated to the Gbe languages in Benin and Togo.
The classification of the remaining languages is controversial; Joseph Greenberg classified those without noun-classes, such as Yoruba, Igbo, and Ibibio (Efik, Ibibio, and Annang), as 'Eastern Kwa' and those with classes as 'Benue–Congo'. This was reversed in an influential 1989 publication and reflected on the 1992 map of languages, where all these were considered Benue–Congo. Recent opinion, however, has been to revert to Greenberg's distinction. The literature must thus be read with care and due regard for the date. There are several small language groupings in the Niger Confluence area, notably Ukaan, Akpes, Ayere-Ahan and Ọkọ, whose inclusion in these groupings has never been satisfactorily argued.
Former Eastern Kwa, i.e. West Benue–Congo would then include Igboid, i.e. Igbo language proper, Ukwuani, Ikwerre, Ekpeye etc., Yoruboid, i.e. Yoruba, Itsekiri and Igala, Akokoid (eight small languages in Ondo, Edo and Kogi state), Edoid including Edo (sometimes referred to as) Bini in Edo State, Ibibio-Efik, Idomoid (Idoma) and Nupoid (Nupe) and perhaps include the other languages mentioned above. The Idoma language is classified in the Akweya subgroup of the Idomoid languages of the Volta–Niger family, which include Alago, Agatu, Etulo and Yala languages of Benue, Nasarawa and Northern Cross River states.
East Benue–Congo includes Kainji, Plateau (46 languages, notably Gamai language), Jukunoid, Dakoid and Cross River. Apart from these, there are numerous Bantoid languages, which are the languages immediately ancestral to Bantu. These include Mambiloid, Ekoid, Bendi, Beboid, Grassfields and Tivoid languages.
The geographic distribution of Nigeria's Niger-Congo languages is not limited to the middle east and south-central Nigeria, as migration allows their spread to the linguistically Afro-Asiatic northern regions of Nigeria, as well as throughout West Africa and abroad. Igbo words such as 'unu' for 'you people', 'sooso' for 'only', 'obia' for 'native doctoring', etc. are used in patois of Jamaica and many Central American nations, Yoruba is spoken as a ritual language in cults such as the Santeria in the Caribbean and South-Central America, and the Berbice Dutch language in Surinam is based on an Ijoid language.
Even the above listed linguistic diversity of the Niger–Congo in Nigeria is deceptively limiting, as these languages may further consist of regional dialects that may not be mutually intelligible. As such some languages, particularly those with a large number of speakers, have been standardized and received a romanized orthography. Nearly all languages appear in a Latin alphabet when written.
The Efik, Igbo, and Yoruba languages are notable examples of this process. The more historically recent standardization and romanization of Igbo have provoked even more controversy due to its dialectical diversity, but the Central Igbo dialect has gained the widest acceptance as the standard-bearer. Many such as Chinua Achebe have dismissed standardization as colonial and conservative attempts to simplify a complex mosaic of languages.
Such controversies typify inter- and intra-ethnic conflict endemic to post-colonial Nigeria. Also worthy of note is the Enuani dialect, a variation of the Igbo that is spoken among parts of Anioma. The Anioma are the Aniocha, Ndokwa/Ukwuani, Ika and Oshimilli of Delta state.
Standard Yoruba came into being due to the work Samuel Crowther, the first African bishop of the Anglican Church and owes most of its lexicon to the dialects spoken in Ọyọ and Ibadan.
Since Standard Yoruba's constitution was determined by a single author rather than by a consensual linguistic policy by all speakers, the Standard has been attacked regarding for failing to include other dialects and spurred debate as to what demarcates "genuine Yoruba".
Linguistically speaking, all demonstrate the varying phonological features of the Niger–Congo family to which they belong, these include the use of tone, nasality, and particular consonant and vowel systems; more information is available here.
Branches and locations
Below is a list of major Niger–Congo branches and their primary locations based on Blench (2019).
In addition, Ijaw languages are spoken in Rivers State, Bayelsa State, and other states of the Niger Delta region. Mande languages are spoken in Kebbi State, Niger State, and Kwara State.
Nilo-Saharan languages
In Nigeria, the Nilo-Saharan language family is represented by:
Saharan languages
Kanuri and Kanembu in the northeastern part of Nigeria in the states of Borno, Yobe and parts of Jigawa, and Bauchi states
Teda in northern Nigeria
Songhai languages: Zarma (Zabarma) and Dendi in Kebbi State near the border with the neighbouring country of Niger
Lau Laka, a recently discovered Central Sudanic language of Taraba State
List of languages
This is a non-exhaustive list of languages in Nigeria.
See also
Niger-Congo languages
Ethnic groups of Nigeria
Notes
Bibliographies
Crozier, David & Blench, Roger (1992) An Index of Nigerian Languages (2nd edition). Dallas: SIL.mbembe language in cross river
Blench, Roger (1998) 'The Status of the Languages of Central Nigeria', in Brenzinger, M. (ed.) Endangered languages in Africa. Köln: Köppe Verlag, 187–206. online version
Blench, Roger (2002) Research on Minority Languages in Nigeria in 2001. Ogmios.
Blench, Roger (n.d.) Atlas of Nigerian Languages, ed. III (revised and amended edition of Crozier & Blench 1992)
Kwache, Iliya Yame (2016) Kamwe People of Northern Nigeria :Origin, History and Culture
Chigudu, Theophilus Tanko (2017); Indigenous peoples of North clCentral Nigeria Area: an endangered race.
Emenanjo, E. N. (2019). Four Decades in the Study of Nigerian Languages and Linguistics: A Festschrift for KayWilliamson.
Lamle, Elias Nankap, Coprreality and Dwelling spaces in Tarokland. NBTT Press. Jos Nigeria in "Ngappak" journal of the Tarok Nation 2005
External links
African linguistic maps: Nigeria & Cameroun on Muturzikin.com
Ethnologue listing of Nigerian languages |
5391051 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chryston | Chryston | Chryston is a village in North Lanarkshire, around east of Glasgow, in Scotland. It lies north of its sister village, Muirhead, which is on the A80. The village has around double Muirhead's population although the exact boundary between the two modern villages is difficult to find.
History
The etymology of the name is uncertain but may refer to the "town of Cristinus". Several old documents show Chryston with various spellings including maps by Timothy Pont, William Forrest, Thomas Richardson, and William Roy.
In the 18th century, Chryston had one of the four schools in the parish of Cadder. William Barclay, himself a school teacher, reported the low pay of his profession in the Old Statistical Account.
One gazetteer, Samuel Lewis, from around 1846, describes a recently established library. He quotes 555 inhabitants. The same publication also stated that Chyston was a quoad sacra parish including the villages of Mollinsburn, Moodiesburn, Muirhead and the hamlet of Auchinloch. Even today Moodiesburn is often included in the Chryston district: Devro headquarters has Chryston as its official address, and Moodiesburn's Stoneyetts Hospital (originally part of East Muckcroft within the "Woodilee Estate") was sometimes listed under Chryston. As with Muirhead, children born of Moodiesburn citizens have Chryston as their birth district on their birth certificate.
Chryston Parish Church serves the villages of Chryston, Moodiesburn and Muirhead and has churches in Chryston and Moodiesburn.
On Friday 18 September 1959, 47 miners lost their lives in the Auchengeich mining disaster at nearby Auchengeich Colliery.
Chryston High School is a six-year non-denominational secondary school situated on Lindsaybeg Road.
Demography
Groome's Gazetteer gives historical statistics including population. The 1891 and 1901 statistics include Muirhead.
See also
List of places in North Lanarkshire
References
External links
local information site
Villages in North Lanarkshire
Greater Glasgow |
5391075 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial%20collateral%20ligament%20of%20elbow%20joint | Radial collateral ligament of elbow joint | The radial collateral ligament (RCL), lateral collateral ligament (LCL), or external lateral ligament is a ligament in the elbow on the side of the radius.
Structure
The composition of the triangular ligamentous structure on the lateral side of the elbow varies widely between individuals and can be considered either a single ligament, in which case multiple distal attachments are generally mentioned and the annular ligament is described separately, or as several separate ligaments, in which case parts of those ligaments are often described as indistinguishable from each other.
In the latter case, the ligaments are collectively referred to as the lateral collateral ligament complex (LCLC), consisting of four ligaments:
the radial collateral ligament [proper] (RCL), from the lateral epicondyle to the annular ligament deep to the common extensor tendon
the lateral ulnar collateral ligament (LUCL), from the lateral epicondyle to the supinator crest on the ulna. Near the attachment on the humerus this ligament is normally indistinguishable from the RCL and can be considered the posterior portion of it. described the distal part of the LUCL as "a definite bundle which normally crosses the annular band and gains attachment to the supinator crest, frequently to a special tubercle on that crest" but didn't name it.
the annular ligament (AL), from the posterior to the anterior margins of radial notch on the ulna, encircles the head of radius and holds it against the radial notch of ulna.
the accessory lateral collateral ligament (ALCL), from the inferior margin of the annular ligament to the supinator crest.
Clinical significance
The radial collateral ligament may be involved in lateral epicondylitis.
Additional images
Explanations
References
Bibliography
Ligaments of the upper limb |
5391079 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernau | Bernau | Bernau may refer to:
Bernau bei Berlin, a town in Brandenburg, Germany
Bernau am Chiemsee, a municipality in the district of Rosenheim in Bavaria, Germany
Bernau im Schwarzwald, a municipality in Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Bernau im Rhein-Neckar-Kreis, a part of Waibstadt in Baden-Württemberg, Germany |
5391084 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motebennur | Motebennur | Motebennur is one of the largest villages in Haveri district of the state of Karnataka, India. It is the largest village in Byadagi Taluk. It is about 10 km south from Haveri city in NH-4. Local language is Kannada,
Villages in Haveri district |
5391106 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilera%20Runner | Gilera Runner | The Gilera Runner is a scooter manufactured by Italian company Piaggio under the Gilera brand, designed by Luciano Marabese of Marabese Design Srl. It is noted for its unusual style, high performance and good handling. The Runner was initially only available with two stroke engines with 125 cc and 180 cc four stroke versions arriving in 1998 and the larger two stroke versions phased out. The model range was revised in 2005 with an all new model introduced in 2009. All 50 cc Runner models were restricted to to comply with European law. The 125, 180 and 200cc models were not restricted.
Two stroke models
The first incarnation of the Gilera Runner was a 50cc that was released in 1997 in Europe. The 50cc model went through a number of revisions; in 1998, a rear disc brake was added with the Gilera Runner 50DD (Double Disc). The colour scheme was also revised with the release of the Runner 50SP. The direct injection Runner Purejet 50 was released in 2003 with lower emissions.
In 1998, the FX Runner was introduced which had the same styling as the 50cc. In 1999, the SP model was released. The biggest difference between the FX (FXR) and the SP is the FX had a petrol tank and battery stowed near the spark plug and a rear drum brake. The SP has a petrol tank, the battery is stowed under the seat and it has a rear disc brake.
In 1999, the FXR was introduced and was by far the fastest of the Runners including the new generation four strokes. It was noted for its high performance and great handling. Unfortunately it has a high fuel consumption.
Four stroke models
The first generation of Gilera Runner had four-stroke variants added initially in VX 125 (124 cc) and VXR 180 guises. The VXR 180 was replaced by the larger capacity VXR 200 (198 cc) in mid 2002. The four-stroke Runner was equipped with a liquid cooled, four valve version of Piaggio's LEADER engine. All of these models came with an immobiliser with programmed keys.
Second Generation (2005)
A second generation of the Runner saw the first major redesign since its original introduction. The revised models were launched in 2005 with a line up of three models which consisted of the two-stroke carburetor SP 50, fuel injected Purejet 50 and the four-stroke VX 125. A revised VXR 200 became available in spring 2006.
The current model line up consists of Runner ST 125 and Runner ST 200 which utilize the LEADER 4-valve engine. Now Runner has an analog-digital board, bigger wheels, the seat opens by pressing the steering wheel lock.
On two-stroke models the oil filler hole has now been moved under the front of the seat, and there is a basic tool in the small compartment at the back.
The 2008 models had minor updates.
References
External links
Official Gilera website
Motor scooters
Gilera motorcycles
Motorcycles introduced in 1997
Two-stroke motorcycles |
3998537 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 2001 French Open – Women's singles | Jennifer Capriati defeated Kim Clijsters in the final, 1–6, 6–4, 12–10 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2001 French Open. Clijsters became the first Belgian woman to reach a major singles final, having won an all-Belgian semifinal against Justine Henin for the honor.
Mary Pierce was the reigning champion, but did not compete due to a back injury.
This marked the first major in which future major champion Marion Bartoli competed in the main draw. It also marked the French Open debut of 2010 champion Francesca Schiavone, who reached the quarterfinals, her best result at the tournament until her title run nine years later.
This was the last major to feature only 16 seeds.
Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Jennifer Capriati is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
2001 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
2001 in women's tennis
2001 in French women's sport |
5391170 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobelodus | Cobelodus | Cobelodus is an extinct genus of holocephalid known from the early Permian period. The type specimen, assigned to the genus Styptobasis, was discovered by Edward Drinker Cope in Illinois Basin black coal shales. Rainer Zangerl reassigned S. aculeata in 1973 to the genus Cobelodus, translating to 'needle tooth'. Cope's description was based from a tooth fragment and was compared to the genus Monocladodus. Cobelodus differs from Styptobasis and Monocladodus in the anatomy of its teeth and pectoral fins.
Cobelodus was a long predator. Although it was related to the chimaera, Cobelodus had a number of differences from modern forms. It had a bulbous head, large eyes, a high-arched back, and a dorsal fin placed far to the rear, above the pelvic fins. Because of its large eyes, it is thought to have lived in the deeper, darker parts of the sea, hunting crustaceans and squid. Another unusual physical feature of Cobelodus are the long, flexible cartilagenous 'tentacles' sprouting from its pectoral fins. Their purpose is unknown.
References
Permian fish of North America
Symmoriiformes |
3998540 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr.%20Know%20%28TV%20series%29 | Dr. Know (TV series) | Dr. Know is a program dedicated to debunking various rumours and popular misconceptions in the realm of personal health. The show featured Dr. Paul Trotman, a New Zealand physician in fields such as internal medicine and obstetrics/gynecology, who is described by one reviewer as a "medical myth buster". The show aired in 20 parts as a half-hour format on The Discovery Health Channel. In 2008, the series began airing on Science Channel. It is filmed in and around Washington, D.C.
Cast
Paul Trotman...Host
Manny Oliverez...Lab Rat
Christian Arriola...Lab Rat
References
External links
Dr. Know Videos at Discovery Fit & Health
Series IMDB Site
Actor IMDB Site
American non-fiction television series
2008 American television series debuts
Year of television series ending missing
Discovery Health Channel original programming |
3998552 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building%20Adjudication%20Victoria%20Inc | Building Adjudication Victoria Inc | Building Adjudication Victoria Inc, a not-for-profit organisation which is authorised by the Building Commission, Victoria, Australia, as a Nominating Authority under the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2002.
Building Adjudication Victoria Inc is authorized by the Building Commission as a Nominating Authority for adjudicators and provides an independent panel of lawyers with experience and expertise in construction law to act as adjudicators in the resolution of disputes under the Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2002.
Adjudication
Adjudication is a relatively new process introduced by the Victorian State Government to allow for the rapid determination of progress claims under building contracts or sub-contracts and contracts for the supply of goods or services in the building industry. This process was designed to ensure cash flow to businesses in the building industry, without parties get tied up in lengthy and expensive litigation or arbitration. In addition to quick payment, the scheme also allows for security of payment to be provided in lieu.
Adjudication is much quicker than litigation in a Court (an adjudicator’s determination must be made within 10 days of receipt of application) and less expensive. An adjudicator’s determination is binding on the parties and can be recovered as a debt owing in a Court.
The Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2002 is currently being reviewed by the State Government for reforms which may widen the scope of the Act within the building industry in Victoria.
References
External links
Building Adjudication Victoria website)
Non-profit organisations based in Victoria (Australia)
Construction industry of Australia |
3998587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat-ten%20engine | Flat-ten engine | A flat-ten engine, also known as a horizontally opposed-ten, is a ten-cylinder piston engine with five cylinders on each side of a central crankshaft.
There are no known flat-ten engines which reached production.
In the early 1960s, Chevrolet built several prototype flat-ten engines as part of an aborted program for family of Modular Engines to replace the Chevrolet Turbo-Air 6 flat-six engine. This development program investigated flat engines with between two and twelve cylinders, with the flat-ten version being known as "P-10" ("pancake" engine). Although the program was initially intended to develop an engine for the 1964 Chevrolet Corvair (which is rear-engined with rear-wheel drive), the flat-ten version was fitted to an experimental 1962 Chevrolet Impala (a front-engined car which was converted to front-wheel drive).
References
Piston engine configurations
10 |
3998593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Building%20and%20Construction%20Industry%20Security%20of%20Payment%20Act%202002 | Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2002 | The Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2002 was passed by the Australian State of Victoria to allow for the rapid determination of progress claims under building contracts or sub-contracts and contracts for the supply of goods or services in the building industry. This process was designed to ensure cash flow to businesses in the building industry, without parties get tied up in lengthy and expensive litigation or arbitration.
Adjudication is much quicker than litigation in a court (an adjudicator's determination must be made within 10 days of receipt of application) and less expensive. An adjudicator's determination is binding on the parties and can be recovered as a debt owing in a Court.
See also
Building Adjudication Victoria Inc
External sources
Building and Construction Industry Security of Payment Act 2002 (on AustLII)
Victoria (Australia) legislation
2002 in Australian law
2000s in Victoria (Australia)
Construction industry of Australia |
3998612 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extra%21 | Extra! | Extra! is a monthly magazine of media criticism published by the media watch group FAIR. First published in 1987, its first full-time editor was Martin A. Lee. Since 1990, it has been edited by Jim Naureckas. The magazine covers a wide variety of media issues in the form of analytical essays, features publications on media commentators, and book reviews.
Extra! was published six times a year until January 2009, when it switched to monthly. Contributors include Peter Hart, Janine Jackson, Julie Hollar, Laura Flanders, Howard Friel, Noam Chomsky, Stephen Maher, Michael Corcoran, Seth Ackerman, Beau Hodai, and Edward S. Herman.
References
External links
"The Critics: Magazines: Other Magazines", by Tracy McNamara and Brent Cunningham, Columbia Journalism Review, March/April 2000
Alternative magazines
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Political magazines published in the United States
Criticism of journalism
Magazines about the media
Magazines established in 1987
Magazines published in New York City |
5391181 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxamed%20Daahir%20Afrax | Maxamed Daahir Afrax | Maxamed Daahir Afrax (, ) Ph. D. is a Somali novelist, playwright, journalist and scholar.
Biography
Afrax was born and raised in Somalia. He began his education early as a child and was an excellent student top of his class.
A polyglot, he writes in Somali, Arabic and English. Afrax has published three novels in Somali, Guur-ku-sheeg (1975), Maana-faay (1979) and Galti-macruuf (1980), in addition to an historical novel in Arabic, Nida Al-Horiyah (1976). He has also published several short stories in both Arabic and Somali.
Also a playwright, Afrax has written two plays, the first being Durbaan Been ah ("A Deceptive Dream"), which was staged in Somalia in 1979. His major contribution in the field of theatre criticism is Somali Drama: Historical and Critical Study (1987).
In his novels and plays, Afrax denounces moral corruption and social injustice. When in 1980 his novel Gulti-macruuf ("Pseudo-civilized") began to appear in serialized form in Xiddigta Oktoobar (a leading national daily newspaper at the time), Somalia's government took offence. The publication of the story was subsequently discontinued at its 37th episode. Soon after that, in 1981, Afrax left Somalia and has been living abroad ever since.
Bibliography
Nadaraat fi Athaqaafah As-Soomaaliyah ('An Introduction to Somali Culture', in Arabic). ed. Sharjah, United Arab Emirates, by the Culture and Information Department, U.A.E.
Maana-faay : qiso (a Somali novel) ed. London : Learning Design, 1997.(first published in 1981) (reportedly the first novel written in romanized Somali script)
Hal-Abuur : wargeys-xilliyeedka suugaanta & dhaqanka Soomaalida, Hal-Abuur Journal / 1993
The 'Abwaan' as beacon : the centrality of the message in Somali literature with especial reference to the play 'Shabeelnaagoog''', in: Horn of Africa / 2004
New, extensively revised and expanded edition of his book in Somali, Dal Dad Waayey iyo Duni Damiir Beeshay: Soomaaliya Dib ma u Dhalan Doontaa?, 2004 (A Land without Leaders in a World without Conscience: Can Somalia be Resurrected?)Ashakhsiyah Aturathiyah fi Shi'r Hadraawi, in: Al-Hikmah, 135 (Feb.), pp. 44–50.1987A Nation of Poets, or Art-loving People? Some Aspects of the Importance of Literature in Present-day Somali Society, Hal-Abuur: Journal of Somali Literature and Culture, 1:2-4 (Autumn/Winter 1993/4), pp. 32–6., 1994The Mirror of Culture: Somali Dissolution Seen Through Oral literature’, in Ahmed I. Samatar (ed.), The Somali Challenge: from Catastrophe to Renewal, Boulder, CO and London: Lynne Reinner, pp. 233–52., 1994
Further reading
Prof. Lidwien Kapteijns, Window on Somali Society: The Novels of Maxamed D. Afrax'', HAL-ABUUR, Autumn/Winter issue, 1993/94
See also
Nuruddin Farah
Farah Mohamed Jama Awl
Jama Musse Jama
References
Somalian novelists
Somalian dramatists and playwrights
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Somali-language writers |
5391190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kulenur | Kulenur | Kulenur is a village in Haveri District, Karnataka, India. It is located 10 km from Haveri city. The river Varada passes nearby. A co-operative sugar factory is located 1 km from Kulenur. Most of the population are involved in agriculture.
Schools and Colleges
The government of Karnataka runs two free schools for students from Kulenur and surrounding villages. HPS Kulenur and GHS Kulenur.
References
Villages in Haveri district |
5391199 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Council%20for%20Accreditation%20of%20Teacher%20Education | National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education | The National Council for Accreditation of Teacher Education (NCATE) was a professional accreditor focused on accrediting teacher education programs in U.S. colleges and universities. It was founded in 1954 and was recognized as an accreditor by the U.S. Department of Education.
On July 1, 2013, NCATE merged with the Teacher Education Accreditation Council (TEAC), which was also a recognized accreditor of teacher-preparation programs, to form the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP).
Founding organizations
Five national education groups were instrumental in the creation of NCATE:
The American Association of Colleges for Teacher Education (AACTE, which formerly accredited teachers colleges)
The National Education Association (NEA)
The National School Boards Association (NSBA)
The National Association of State Directors of Teacher Education and Certification (NASDTEC)
The Council of Chief State School Officers (CCSSO)
Coalition of organizations
NCATE was a coalition of 33 member organizations of teachers, teacher educators, content specialists, and local and state policy makers. All are committed to quality teaching, and together, the coalition represented over 3 million individuals. The professional associations that comprise NCATE also provided financial support and participated in the development of NCATE standards, policies, and procedures.
See also
List of recognized accreditation associations of higher learning
References
External links
Official website
Official website of the Council for the Accreditation of Educator Preparation (CAEP), NCATE's successor organization
School accreditors
Pedagogy
Educational organizations based in the United States
Academic organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1954
1954 establishments in the United States
Organizations based in Washington, D.C. |
3998615 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 2002 French Open – Women's singles | Serena Williams defeated her sister Venus Williams in the final, 7–5, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2002 French Open. It was her first French Open title, second major singles title overall, and her first step towards completing her first "Serena Slam", a non-calendar year Grand Slam and career Grand Slam.
Jennifer Capriati was the defending champion, but lost to Serena Williams in the semifinals.
This marked the first major in which future world No. 2 Vera Zvonareva competed in the main draw. She lost to Serena Williams in the fourth round.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
External links
2002 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
2002 in women's tennis
2002 in French women's sport |
3998651 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everything%20I%27m%20Not | Everything I'm Not | "Everything I'm Not" is the second single released from Australian musical duo the Veronicas' debut album, The Secret Life of... (2005). It reached number seven on the ARIA Singles Charts and has been certified gold over 35,000 units shipped in Australia.
Critical reception
Kelefa Sanneh from The New York Times named it amongst some of the excellent songs on the album, calling it "[...] loud [and] melancholy[...]". Preston Jones from Slant Magazine stated that it felt "[...] like the estrogenically inclined counterparts to the boy-toy confection that is the Click Five's Greetings From Imrie House." Ryan Dombal from Entertainment Weekly reviewed the remix version of "Everything I'm Not", stating that the track might finally break them into the US mainstream.
Release and chart performance
"Everything I'm Not" was released in Australia on 21 November 2005. The song made its debut on the chart on issue date 4 December 2005 at number 13. After a steady climb up the charts for eight weeks, the song peaked at number seven on 22 January 2006, where it stayed for one week before descending the top 50. The single was certified gold with shipments of over 7,500 copies. In New Zealand, the single made its chart debut at number 10 and remained on the chart for nine weeks, its last position at number 21. In Europe, "Everything I'm Not" peaked at number 14 on Flanders' Ultratip chart at number three.
Live performances
The Veronicas performed "Everything I'm Not" on television shows such as Dancing With the Stars, The Panel, Sunrise, Live at the Chapel and the 2006 ARIA Music Awards.
They also performed live recordings of the song on Sessions@AOL and in 2009 they performed the song on UK radio station Capital FM to promote the single's release.
On 10 September 2009, they performed the song live at the Oxford Art Factory on Oxford Street in Paddington, Sydney as part of the MasterCard's Priceless Music Events.
Music video
The "Everything I'm Not" music video features the Veronicas singing with their band while trashing a car of an ex-boyfriend, apparently named Ryan, for cheating on Lisa by painting and smashing the car with paint buckets while the ex-boyfriend looks on from a video camera. When it is too much for the ex-boyfriend to handle, he drops his cell phone on the ground. In the end, it seems like the police catch them doing it and they slam down the camera, smashing the ex-boyfriend's chances of seeing his car for the final time.
Track listings
Australian CD single
"Everything I'm Not" – 3:22
"4ever" (Claude le Gache extended vocal) – 7:16
"4ever" (Mac Quayle Break Mix) – 7:17
European CD single
"Everything I'm Not" – 3:22
"4ever" (Claude le Gache extended vocal) – 7:16
Digital download EP
"Everything I'm Not" (Jason Nevins Remix edit) – 3:31
"Everything I'm Not" (Claude Le Gache edit) – 3:59
"Everything I'm Not" (Claude Le Gache Mixshow) – 6:02
Digital download EP (DJ version)
"Everything I'm Not" (Jason Nevins extended mix) – 6:12
"Everything I'm Not" (Jason Nevins Electromagnetic dub) – 6:13
"Everything I'm Not" (Claude Le Gache club mix) – 7:08
"Everything I'm Not" (Eddie Beez Mix) – 8:57
iTunes EP
"Everything I'm Not" – 3:22
"Everything I'm Not" (Claude le Gache Mixshow) – 6:02
"4ever" (E Smoove club)
"4ever" (Claude le Gache dub)
"Everything I'm Not" (video)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Sales and certifications
Release history
References
External links
Watch the music video to "Everything I'm Not"
The Veronicas songs
2005 singles
2005 songs
Music videos directed by Robert Hales
Sire Records singles
Song recordings produced by Dr. Luke
Song recordings produced by Max Martin
Song recordings produced by Rami Yacoub
Songs written by Dr. Luke
Songs written by Jessica Origliasso
Songs written by Lisa Origliasso
Songs written by Max Martin
Songs written by Rami Yacoub |
5391204 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/June%202006%20in%20sports | June 2006 in sports |
Days of the month
30 June 2006 (Friday)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Quarter final
1 – 1 (a.e.t.) A 49th-minute header by Roberto Ayala shocks the huge German crowd, but competition top scorer Miroslav Klose scores his 5th in the 80th minute. No further goals, and so to penalties: both teams have previously been in three World Cup penalty shoot-outs and never lost. Germany win 4–2 on penalties.
3 – 0 A 6th-minute goal by Gianluca Zambrotta gives Italy the lead. Luca Toni scores a header after 59 minutes following poor Ukrainian defending, and he scores a second ten minutes later.
2006 Tour de France: On the day before the prologue in Strasbourg, Jan Ullrich and Óscar Sevilla are suspended by their T-Mobile Team following an anti-doping investigation in Spain and Team CSC rider Ivan Basso has been excluded from the tour. Ullrich and Basso were considered the favorites to claim the overall yellow jersey following the retirement of Lance Armstrong following his seven straight championships. Also excluded from the tour is Francisco Mancebo (Ag2r). Astana-Würth has decided to withdraw its team, on the basis of five of their riders, including Joseba Beloki, appearing on the investigation list, which also removes Alexander Vinokourov from the tour. (BBC Sport)
28 June 2006 (Wednesday)
2006 NBA Draft: Andrea Bargnani is the first European player selected as the overall number one pick by the Toronto Raptors.
MLB: New York Mets pitcher Pedro Martínez is given a standing ovation by fans of the Boston Red Sox as he returns to Fenway Park for the first time since leading them to the 2004 World Series championship, but the Red Sox beat their former ace by scoring eight runs off him (six earned) on seven hits in a 10–2 blowout of the Mets.
27 June 2006 (Tuesday)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Round of 16 (final day)
3 – 0 Ronaldo scores within 5 minutes to become the all-time highest-scoring player in World Cup finals (15). Adriano scores from an offside position just before half time, despite Ghana having the bulk of possession. Ze Roberto ends the Brazilian scoring in the 84th minute as he breaks through the defence and beats Ghana goalkeeper Richard Kingson. Asamoah Gyan gets red carded late in the game for an attempted dive.
1 – 3 Two evenly matched enterprising teams produce a fine advert for the beautiful game. A 28th-minute penalty by David Villa gives Spain the lead, while a 42nd-minute goal by Franck Ribéry following a beautiful run makes things all-square at half time. With seven minutes to full-time Patrick Vieira gives France the lead for the first time. Zinedine Zidane scores France's third goal in the 92nd minute to set up a rematch of the 1998 final against Brazil next Saturday in Frankfurt.
26 June 2006 (Monday)
Cricket: Indian cricket team in West Indies in 2006:
Third Test at St Kitts: Match drawn. Winning the toss and electing to bat, the West Indies compiled 581 in two-and-a-half days. Daren Ganga (135) and Ramnaresh Sarwan (116) scored centuries, while Indian spinner Harbhajan Singh claimed five wickets. India responded with 362 (VVS Laxman 100), short of the follow-on target, but Brian Lara opted to bat again. In the second innings, West Indies declared its innings closed at 172/6, giving India a victory target of 392 with under a day's play remaining. The visitors were unable to achieve the target in the time remaining, the Test ending in a draw. The four-Test series remains tied at 0–0. (Complete scorecard)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Round of 16
1 – 0 A fairly even match with Australia having most possession, conducted in a sporting manner despite Marco Materazzi's 50th minute dismissal for a scything tackle. Francesco Totti scores a penalty with the last kick of the match.
0 – 0 A profoundly tedious match between two teams both afraid of losing – there was not a single offside decision in the whole first 90 minutes, the match goes into extra time, and ends up in a penalty shootout, which Ukraine wins 3–0.
Baseball: NCAA College World Series Championship Series, Game 3 (best-of-three):
Oregon State 3, North Carolina 2. The Beavers, who won the series 2–1 over the Tar Heels, became the first northern-based CWS champions since Ohio State won in 1966, and the first to lose two CWS games since the introduction of the current format in 2002 thanks to Bill Rowe scoring on Tar Heels second baseman Bryan Steed's throwing error.
25 June 2006 (Sunday)
Auto racing
The Indianapolis Star reports that a merger is imminent between the Indy Racing League and the Champ Car series, leading to a single open-wheel series no earlier than 2008 with negotiations of co-ownership. This would end a war between the two when Indianapolis Motor Speedway broke away from what was the CART series to form the IRL.
NASCAR NEXTEL Cup: Jeff Gordon wins the Dodge/Save Mart 350.
Baseball: NCAA College World Series Championship Series, Game 2 (best-of-three):
Oregon State 11, North Carolina 7. Oregon State evens the Championship Series on the power of a seven-run fourth inning. Series tied 1–1
Football: FIFA World Cup, Round of 16
1 – 0 David Beckham's first goal from a free kick for England since 2003, on the hour, separates the teams. (FIFA)
1 – 0 A Maniche goal midway through the first half gives Portugal the lead before the match gets out of hand and sees 16 yellow cards and 4 reds (a World Cup record for dismissals). (FIFA)
24 June 2006 (Saturday)
Baseball: NCAA College World Series Championship Series, Game 1 (best-of-three):
North Carolina 4, Oregon State 3. North Carolina leads series 1–0.
Football: FIFA World Cup, Round of 16
2 – 0 Two goals by Lukas Podolski (4 and 12 minutes) give Germany a fantastic start. Henrik Larsson blows a 52nd minute Swedish penalty chance. Germany go into the last 8 in the World Cup for the 15th time. (FIFA)
2 – 1 (a.e.t.) The game gets off to a scintillating start with two goals in the first nine minutes – Rafael Márquez puts Mexico ahead, then a goal by Hernán Crespo puts Argentina back on level terms. Still 1–1 at full-time, a wondergoal by Maxi Rodríguez in the eighth minute of extra time gives Argentina victory. (FIFA)
Rugby Union: Mid-year Tests:
19–25 (José Amalfitani Stadium, Buenos Aires)
37–15 Ireland (Subiaco Oval, Perth)
Ireland take a 15–11 lead early in the second half, but the Wallabies pull away for a comfortable win. (BBC)
26–36 (Newlands, Cape Town)
Les Bleus send the Springboks to their first home defeat since Jake White took over as Boks coach in February 2004. (BBC)
NHL: The 2006 NHL Entry Draft takes place at GM Place in Vancouver, British Columbia. American defenceman Erik Johnson goes first overall to the St. Louis Blues. Peterborough Pete Jordan Staal goes second to Pittsburgh, and University of North Dakota standout Jonathan Toews is taken third by the Chicago Blackhawks. (TSN)
23 June 2006 (Friday)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase (final day)
Group H: 0 – 1 Saudi goalkeeper Mabrouk Zaid plays an inspired match as Spain, who had already advanced to the knockout stages, rest their entire first team and the young guns have trouble finding the net except for Juanito, scoring in the 36th minute. (FIFA)
Group H: 1 – 0 An uninspiring Ukrainian performance takes 70 minutes before Andriy Shevchenko sinks a penalty, advancing them to the elimination phase, even though Tunisia were reduced to 10 men before half time, with Ziad Jaziri's second yellow card. (FIFA)
Group G: 0 – 2 In this must-win match for France, they failed to break down the Togolese defence until Patrick Vieira scored in the 55th minute, followed six minutes later by Thierry Henry. (FIFA)
Group G: 2 – 0 A first-half Philippe Senderos header gives the Swiss the lead, and Alexander Frei seals the win – and qualification – in the 77th minute on a controversial non-offside call. (FIFA)
22 June 2006 (Thursday)
MLB: In his first major-league game since coming back from retirement, Roger Clemens of the Houston Astros gives up two runs on six hits in five innings against the Minnesota Twins, but is charged with the loss as the Twins win, 4–2. Jason Kubel had a RBI Double, and Michael Cuddyer, an RBI single in the third inning of Minnesota's win. Meanwhile, Twins rookie pitcher Francisco Liriano pitched eight solid innings for the win. (AP)
NHL: Joe Thornton of the San Jose Sharks wins the Hart Memorial Trophy as the Most Valuable Player at the NHL Awards show in Vancouver, British Columbia. Other major winners included Alexander Ovechkin of the Washington Capitals winning the Calder Memorial Trophy as Rookie of the Year, Lindy Ruff of the Buffalo Sabres winning the Jack Adams Trophy as Coach of the Year, Nicklas Lidström from the Detroit Red Wings as the winner of the Norris Trophy as the league's best defenceman, and Calgary Flames goalie Miikka Kiprusoff winning the Vezina Trophy as the most valuable goaltender. NHL.com
NBA: After only one season, New York Knicks president and general manager Isiah Thomas fires head coach Larry Brown and names himself the new head coach.
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group E: 0 – 2 Jan Polák gets red carded near halftime, and the Czechs flame out to the Italians. Goal scorers for Italy were Marco Materazzi and Filippo Inzaghi. (FIFA)
Group E: 1 – 2 The USA is upset by the youngest team in the World Cup, and finish last in their group, extending their winless streak in World Cup competition at European sites to no wins, one draw and nine losses while Ghana progresses to the round of 16 in their first appearance to face Brazil. Clint Dempsey scored for USA in the 43rd with Haminu Draman and Stephen Appiah scoring for the Black Stars on a penalty kick following a controversial call. (FIFA)
Group F: 1 – 4 Japan stun Brazil by taking the lead before Ronaldo equalizes just before half time, and also scores Brazil's fourth goal, equalling Gerd Müller's all-time record of 14 goals scored in the World Cup finals. (FIFA)
Group F: 2 – 2 A pulsating match between two closely related teams (seven of the Australian squad have Croatian antecedents, and three of the Croatian team are Australian-born), which Croatia needed to win and Australia only to draw. Croatia score in the second minute, Australia score a penalty, a goalkeeping howler gifts Croatia a second goal, Harry Kewell puts Australia back on level terms; both sides are reduced to 10 men in the last 10 minutes, and referee Graham Poll forgets to red-card Josip Simunic for a second bookable offence, but does for a third. A third Australian goal is disallowed as the full-time whistle is blown as it is going in. Brazil and Australia progress from the group. (FIFA)
21 June 2006 (Wednesday)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group D: 2–1 (FIFA)
Group D: 1–1 This result means that Mexico advances to the Round of 16. (FIFA)
Group C: 0 – 0 Argentina wins the group on goal differential. (FIFA)
Group C: 3 – 2 Côte d'Ivoire record their first WC Finals win, coming back from 0–2 down in the first half. (FIFA)
20 June 2006 (Tuesday)
2006 NBA Finals Game 6: Miami Heat 95, Dallas Mavericks 92. Dwyane Wade scores 36 points and has 10 rebounds as Miami wins its first NBA championship in franchise history in six games, and is named Finals MVP. Dirk Nowitzki has 29 points and 15 rebounds for Dallas. Four Miami players have over 10 rebounds (Wade, Udonis Haslem, Antoine Walker and Shaquille O'Neal). The title is the fourth in the 2000s (decade) for O'Neal, the other three from 2000 to 2002 with the Los Angeles Lakers.
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group A: 0 – 3 Miroslav Klose puts the hosts ahead in the 4th and 44th minutes, fellow ex-Pole Lukas Podolski scores in the 57th. (FIFA)
Group A: 1 – 2 A 25th-minute goal by Ronald Gómez gives Costa Rica a good start, but a pair by Bartosz Bosacki in the 33rd and 66th minutes give Poland some consolation as both teams go home. (FIFA)
Group B: 2 – 2 In a hard-fought match, Michael Owen suffers a serious knee injury in the first minute, Joe Cole scores a spectacular opening goal, Marcus Allbäck's second half equaliser is the 2,000th goal in World Cup Finals history since 1930. Steven Gerrard gives England the lead again in the 85th minute. Henrik Larsson equalises again in the 90th minute (the first Swede to score in 5 major tournaments). England still haven't beaten Sweden since 1968. (FIFA)
Group B: 2 – 0 Brent Sancho's unfortunate headed own-goal gives Paraguay the lead, but Trini still fight doggedly to try to remain in the tournament, conceding another late goal. Both teams, however, still go home. (FIFA)
19 June 2006 (Monday)
NHL 2006 Stanley Cup Finals Game 7: Carolina Hurricanes 3, Edmonton Oilers 1. Aaron Ward's goal 1:26 into the game sparks the former Hartford Whalers franchise to their first Stanley Cup championship in seven games. Goaltender Cam Ward (not related) wins the Conn Smythe Trophy as the Series MVP, and becomes the third rookie goaler in the last 40 seasons to lead his team to the championship. The other two: Ken Dryden and Patrick Roy, both with the Montreal Canadiens.
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group G: 0 – 2 Togo are eliminated, Switzerland goes top of the group, but any two of Switzerland, South Korea, and France can get to the second round. (FIFA)
Group H: 0 – 4 Recovering from last week's thrashing by Spain, Ukraine equals their largest-ever winning score. (FIFA)
Group H: 3 – 1 Mnari gives Tunisia a shock lead in the 12th minute, Raúl starts a comeback in the 71st minute and Fernando Torres, the tournaments' leading scorer, scores from open play in the 76th minute and a 90th-minute penalty. Spain qualify for the second round, almost certainly as group leaders; Tunisia must beat Ukraine on Friday in order to qualify. (FIFA)
18 June 2006 (Sunday)
Major League Baseball: In order to draw attention to the fact that one in every six men get prostate cancer, the traditional "Seventh inning stretch" will be moved to the sixth inning today at all fifteen games. Monies raised from the auctioning off of light-blue colored bases and lineup cards that will be earmarked for research of the Prostate Cancer Foundation, as well as home runs that have been hit starting on June 7.
Auto racing
NASCAR NEXTEL Cup: 3M Performance 400: Pole-sitter Kasey Kahne wins in a race shortened to 129 of the scheduled 200 laps because of rain.
2006 24 Hours of Le Mans: The #8 Audi R10 of Frank Biela, Emanuele Pirro and Marco Werner wins the 74th edition of the Le Mans 24 Hours. They complete 380 laps in the 24-hour period, winning the race by 4 laps from the #17 Pescarolo–Judd of Éric Hélary, Franck Montagny and Sébastien Loeb, with the #7 Audi R10 of Rinaldo Capello, Tom Kristensen and Allan McNish third. Meanwhile, the #64 Chevrolet Corvette C6.R of Oliver Gavin, Olivier Beretta and Jan Magnussen wins the GT1 class, finishing 4th overall, the #25 RML MG-Lola of Thomas Erdos, Mike Newton and Andy Wallace wins the LMP2 class, and the all British crew of Tom Kimber-Smith, Richard Dean and Lawrence Tomlinson win the GT2 class, driving the #81 Panoz Esperante.
2006 NBA Finals Game 5: Miami Heat 101, Dallas Mavericks 100 (OT). Dwyane Wade scored 43 points, including a Finals game record 21 free throws, including the winning shots with 1.9 seconds left in the extra session to give the Heat a 3–2 series lead going back to Dallas. Jerry Stackhouse did not play for the Mavs due to a flagrant foul he committed in Game 4 against Shaquille O'Neal.
Cycling
Jan Ullrich overcomes a 50-second deficit to win the Tour de Suisse in preparation for his bid at the 2006 Tour de France.
Team CSC captures the UCI ProTour's Eindhoven Team Time Trial.
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group F: 0 – 0 A close-fought battle ends all-square, which probably gives Croatia a slightly better chance of making the second round than Japan. (FIFA)
Group F: 2 – 0 Adriano (46th min.) and Fred (89th min.) sink a battling Australia side who never gave up and remain second in the group. Brazil qualify for the last 16, Australia only need to draw against Croatia to qualify. (FIFA)
Group G: 1 – 1 Thierry Henry scores France's first World Cup Finals goal since the 1998 Final against Brazil. After dominating the match for 80 minutes, France concede an equaliser by Park Ji-Sung. (FIFA)
Golf: 2006 U.S. Open. Australian Geoff Ogilvy wins his first major championship, becoming the first Australian to win a men's golf major since Steve Elkington at the 1995 PGA Championship. Ogilvy survived a major 18th-hole collapse at Winged Foot Golf Club in Mamaroneck, New York that claimed Jim Furyk, Colin Montgomerie, and most notably Phil Mickelson, who was leading by a stroke heading into the final hole, but suffered a double bogey. Ogilvy's winning score of five over par (285) was the highest score to win since 1974's "Massacre at Winged Foot" when Hale Irwin shot seven over par (287).
17 June 2006 (Saturday)
NHL 2006 Stanley Cup Finals Game 6: Edmonton Oilers 4, Carolina Hurricanes 0: Fernando Pisani, Raffi Torres, Ryan Smyth and Shawn Horcoff score for Edmonton, who will return to Carolina in the deciding seventh game on Monday. Goaltender Jussi Markkanen stops 16 shots for the shutout. Series tied 3–3
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group D: 2 – 0 Portugal is ensured a berth in the Round of 16, while Iran is eliminated from the World Cup. (FIFA)
Group E: 0 – 2 Asamoah Gyan shocks the Czechs with a goal within 75 seconds of the start, and misses a penalty when Tomáš Ujfaluši is red-carded, although he himself is needlessly yellow-carded and misses the final group game. (FIFA)
Group E: 1 – 1 An eventful match sees the USA reduced to 9 men, and Italy to 10, from early in the second half, and leaves Group E wide open. (FIFA)
Rugby Union: Mid-year Tests:
43–18 (Telstra Dome, Melbourne)
Mark Gerrard scores two tries to lead the Wallabies to an easy win. This is England's fifth consecutive Test defeat, their worst streak since 1984. George Gregan comes on as a substitute in the second half, earning his 120th cap and breaking the all-time record for international appearances of Jason Leonard (114 for England, five for the Lions). (BBC)
45–27 (José Amalfitani Stadium, Buenos Aires)
Los Pumas, led by 30 points from the boot of Federico Todeschini, score their largest win over Wales and also win a Test series against Wales for the first time. (BBC)
29–18 (Lawaqa Park, Lautoka)
27–17 Ireland (Eden Park, Auckland)
Unlike last week, the All Blacks did not have to come from behind, but still had to fight off a spirited Ireland side. (BBC)
14–62 (Cotroceni Stadium, Bucharest)
29–15 (EPRFU Stadium, Port Elizabeth)
Scotland score two tries to the Springboks' one, but seven penalties from Percy Montgomery see the Boks through to a comfortable win. Montgomery becomes the first Bok to score 600 Test points. (BBC) The Boks suffer a blow when 2004 World Player of the Year, flanker Schalk Burger, suffers a career-threatening neck injury. (BBC)
16 June 2006 (Friday)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group C: 6 – 0 In one of the best World Cup finals matches in many tournaments, Argentina give a masterclass in possession football – Cambiasso's goal follows 23 consecutive passes – and a dire warning to all other competitors as the Argentines advance to the knockout phase. (FIFA)
Group C: 2 – 1 The Dutch take a two-goal lead before Côte d'Ivoire start to fight back, to no ultimate avail as they and Serbia and Montenegro are both eliminated from the second round. Didier Drogba is yellow-carded and will miss next Tuesday's final match. (FIFA)
Group D: 0 – 0 A hugely embarrassing result for world 4th-ranked Mexico, who failed to break down neophytes Angola, who were reduced to 10 men eleven minutes from the end. (FIFA)
Baseball: Houston Astros pitcher Roger Clemens allowed three runs in the first inning, but held on to win in his third minor league tune-up game as the Triple-A Round Rock Express defeated the Washington Nationals-affiliate New Orleans Zephyrs, 7–4. He only allowed two more hits and three walks in a total of 5 innings for the win, and threw five strikeouts. At the plate, he struck out twice, going 0-for-2. Nolan Ryan, Hall of Fame former pitcher and Round Rock Express owner, was in attendance.
Golf: U.S. Open. Tiger Woods misses his first cut in a major golf tournament as a professional when he shoots 12 over par after the first two rounds at Winged Foot's West Course. The 39 straight majors without missing the cut tied him with Jack Nicklaus.
15 June 2006 (Thursday)
NBA:
2006 NBA Finals Game 4: Miami Heat 98, Dallas Mavericks 74. Dwyane Wade deposited 36 points while the Mavs were limited to a total of seven fourth quarter points, a new Finals all-time low. The series is now guaranteed to return to Dallas Tuesday (June 20). Series tied at 2–2
Non-Finals news: Charlotte Bobcats principal owner Robert L. Johnson announces that Michael Jordan has become a minority owner in the team. Jordan will run the Bobcats' basketball operations. (Charlotte Bobcats)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group A: 3 – 0 This result confirms the elimination of Costa Rica and Poland even before they play each other. Ecuador meet Germany next Tuesday to determine who wins first and second place in the group (Ecuador currently leads on goal difference). (FIFA)
Group B: 2 – 0 The arrival of Wayne Rooney in the 58th minute as a substitute for Michael Owen injects urgency into the English attack, which still could not break down a redoubtable T&T defence until Peter Crouch scored in the 83rd minute. Steven Gerrard scored in the 91st minute. England qualify for the second round. (FIFA)
Group B: 1 – 0 Freddie Ljungberg scores an 89th-minute goal to relieve the vast throng of Swedish fans in Berlin's Olympiastadion. This eliminates Paraguay from the second round; Trinidad and Tobago retain a theoretical possibility of making the second round if England beat Sweden, and T&T beat Paraguay by a sufficient margin next Tuesday. (FIFA)
14 June 2006 (Wednesday)
Cricket: India in the West Indies:
Second Test at Beausejour Stadium, St Lucia: Match drawn. After winning the toss and electing to bat, India compiled an impressive 588/8 declared, with three batsmen – Wasim Jaffer (180), Mohammed Kaif (148), and captain Rahul Dravid (146) – scoring centuries. The West Indies lost early wickets and were unable to recover, scoring only 215. The West Indies required another 373 runs just to make India bat again, with three days remaining. Persistent rain interruptions and a patient Brian Lara century (120) allowed the West Indies to bat out the remaining time. The third and final Test begins in St Kitts on 22 June. (Scorecard)
Rugby league: State of Origin, Australia:
Game 2 at Suncorp Stadium, Brisbane: Queensland defeats New South Wales 30–6, levelling the three-match series after the New South Wales victory on May 24. The deciding match will be played in Melbourne on July 5. (ABC Australia)
NHL 2006 Stanley Cup Finals Game 5: Edmonton Oilers 4, Carolina Hurricanes 3 (OT). Fernando Pisani's short-handed breakaway goal just 3:31 into the overtime sends the series back to Alberta for Game 6 Saturday (June 17). It also marks the first time a short-handed goal ended a Stanley Cup Finals game. Carolina leads series 3–2
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group H: 4 – 0 David Villa scored two goals in a rout of the World Cup newcomers. (FIFA)
Group H: 2 – 2 (FIFA)
Group A: 1 – 0 A resolute Polish defense – reduced to 10 men in the 75th minute – keeps the Germans out until supersub Oliver Neuville scores in the 91st minute. (FIFA)
13 June 2006 (Tuesday)
2006 NBA Finals Game 3: Miami Heat 98, Dallas Mavericks 96. Dwyane Wade scored 42 points and the Heat guaranteed extending the series to five games with their first Finals game win. Dallas leads series 2–1
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group F: 1 – 0 A slightly disappointing performance from Brazil, winning on Kaká's 44th-minute goal, even with an out-of-sorts Ronaldo. (FIFA)
Group G: 2 – 1 Togo score their first-ever goal in the Finals, but 2002's 4th placed side score two cracking goals to take victory. (FIFA)
Group G: 0 – 0 Eight yellow cards (5 Swiss, 3 French) in a generally uninspiring match. (FIFA)
12 June 2006 (Monday)
NFL: Pittsburgh Steelers quarterback and Super Bowl XL star Ben Roethlisberger is injured in a motorcycle accident in Pittsburgh.
NHL 2006 Stanley Cup Finals, Game 4: Carolina Hurricanes 2, Edmonton Oilers 1. Clutch goaltending by Edmonton native Cam Ward and goals by Cory Stillman and Mark Recchi put the former Hartford Whalers franchise one step away from their first Stanley Cup. Carolina leads series 3–1
Football (soccer): FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group E: 0 – 3 A comprehensive defeat of a one-dimensional US team by the reputedly "oldest team in the tournament", including two goals scored by Tomáš Rosický. However, the all-time leading Czech international goal scorer, Jan Koller, is stretchered off after suffering a hamstring injury late in the first half after scoring the first goal of the game in the fifth minute. (FIFA)
Group E: 2 – 0 (FIFA)
Group F: 3 – 1 After trailing from the 27th minute, the "Socceroos" stage a last-gasp comeback with Tim Cahill scoring the country's first-ever WC Finals goals in the 84th and 89th minutes, with John Aloisi wrapping things up in the 92nd minute. (FIFA)
Non-World Cup news:
Former Manchester United and Republic of Ireland great Roy Keane, currently with Celtic, retires due to a persistent hip condition at the age of 34.
11 June 2006 (Sunday)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group C: 0 – 1 (FIFA)
Group D: 3 – 1 (FIFA)
Group D: 0 – 1 (FIFA)
Auto racing: Rookie pole sitter Denny Hamlin wins the NASCAR NEXTEL Cup Pocono 500.
Arena Football League:
ArenaBowl XX in Las Vegas, Nevada: Chicago Rush 65, Orlando Predators 61. The Rush becomes the first team with a sub-.500 regular season record (7–9) and win four games on the road to win the AFL Championship.
2006 NBA Finals, Game 2: Dallas Mavericks 99, Miami Heat 85. The Mavs converted two four-point plays, and Dirk Nowitzki had 26 points and 16 rebounds, while Dwyane Wade led Miami with 23 points. Shaquille O'Neal was limited to five points. Dallas leads series 2–0
Tennis: Roland Garros (French Open) – Men's Singles Finals
Rafael Nadal def. Roger Federer, 1–6 6–1 6–4 7–6(4)
Rugby Union — Mid-year Tests:
34–3 (Telstra Stadium, Sydney)
The Wallabies hammer a young and mistake-prone England side. (BBC)
27–25 (Estadio Raúl Conti, Puerto Madryn)
Los Pumas claim a Six Nations scalp in a closely fought affair. The visitors were received warmly before the match, as it was held in a region settled by Welsh in the 1860s where Welsh is still widely spoken. (BBC)
Baseball
Roger Clemens of the Houston Astros strikes out eleven for the Double-A Texas League's Corpus Christi Hooks, allowing two hits and no runs in six innings. He set a new club record for strikeouts in one game. The Hooks beat the Seattle Mariners affiliate San Antonio Missions 5–1, earning Clemens the victory. (ESPN) (MinorLeagueBaseball.com)
10 June 2006 (Saturday)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group B: 1 – 0 (FIFA)
Group B: 0 – 0 Tiny T&T, the smallest nation ever to qualify for the Finals, refuse to be beaten even after being reduced to 10 men thirty seconds into the second half. (FIFA)
Group C: 2 – 1 (FIFA)
Boxing: In what was likely his last fight, Bernard Hopkins wins the light-heavyweight championship of the world with a unanimous decision over Antonio Tarver in Atlantic City, New Jersey.
NHL 2006 Stanley Cup Finals, Game 3: Edmonton Oilers 2, Carolina Hurricanes 1: Ryan Smyth's goal with 2:15 remaining wins the game for the Oilers in front of their home crowd. Shawn Horcoff also scores for Edmonton, while Rod Brind'Amour scores for Carolina. Carolina leads series 2–1 (Yahoo)
Rugby Union — Mid-year Tests:
34–23 Ireland (Waikato Stadium, Hamilton)
The top-ranked All Blacks retain their all-time unbeaten record against Ireland, but had to come back from a 23–15 deficit with nine minutes to go. (BBC)
36–16 (ABSA Stadium, Durban)
Early tries from Schalk Burger and Breyton Paulse stake the Springboks to a lead that they never relinquished. The final result was Scotland's worst-ever loss in South Africa, and keeps Scotland's winless record on South African soil intact. (BBC) (Planet-Rugby.com)
Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing: Jazil, ridden by 18-year-old Fernando Jara, wins the 138th running of the Belmont Stakes. The race was "watered down" because neither Barbaro (the Kentucky Derby winner) or Preakness winner Bernardini competed, the former due to a career-ending injury, and the latter because of scheduling.
9 June 2006 (Friday)
Football: FIFA World Cup, Group Phase
Group A: 4 – 2 (FIFA)
Group A: 2 – 0 (FIFA)
8 June 2006 (Thursday)
Football: Pre-World Cup friendly:
0 – 3
2006 NBA Finals Game 1: Dallas Mavericks 90, Miami Heat 80: Jason Terry leads the Mavs with 32 points; Shaquille O'Neal misses eight of nine free throws. Dallas leads series 1–0
7 June 2006 (Wednesday)
Football: Pre-World Cup friendlies:
3 – 1
3 – 1 : In a major blow for France, Djibril Cissé suffers a broken leg in an innocuous tackle. (FIFA)
2 – 1
NHL 2006 Stanley Cup Finals Game 2: Carolina Hurricanes 5, Edmonton Oilers 0: Jussi Markkanen starts for the Oilers, but concedes five goals, three of them on power plays. Cam Ward stops all of the Oilers' 25 shots, becoming the first rookie goalie since Patrick Roy to have a clean slate in a Stanley Cup Finals game. Carolina leads series 2–0
6 June 2006 (Tuesday)
Cricket: India in the West Indies:
First Test at Antigua Recreation Ground, St. John's, Antigua Match drawn. After winning the toss and batting, India reached a total of 241 in its first innings. West Indies replied with 371, half-centuries to Gayle, Bravo and Sarwan. In its second innings, a double century (212) to Wasim Jaffer guided India to 521/6 declared. West Indies required 392 runs to win. The Test ended in a draw after the West Indies were able to bat through the entire day. (Scorecard)
Baseball
Houston Astros pitcher Roger Clemens throws six strikeouts in his first minor-league tune-up start for the Class-A Lexington Legends, who defeated the Lake County Captains, 5–1. Clemens allowed three hits, including a home run to Johnny Drennen, and hit one batter. He only pitched three innings, failing to qualify for the decision. (MLB.com)
5 June 2006 (Monday)
Cricket: Sri Lanka in England
Third Test at Trent Bridge, Nottingham: Sri Lanka wins by 134 runs to tie three-Test series 1–1. Sri Lanka, having won the toss and electing to bat, compiled 231 in their first innings, courtesy of a solid performance from the Sri Lankan tail. England replied with 229. In its second innings, half-centuries to Kumar Sangakkara and Chamara Kapugedera lifted the visitors to a total of 322, English bowler Monty Panesar taking 5/78. England required 325 runs to win. Victory was thwarted by Muttiah Muralitharan, who claimed 8/70 as England were dismissed for 190. (Scorecard)
Football: Pre-World Cup friendly:
3 – 0
NHL 2006 Stanley Cup Finals Game 1: Carolina Hurricanes 5, Edmonton Oilers 4: Rod Brind'Amour scores on a turnover by substitute goalie Ty Conklin, in for the injured Dwayne Roloson who is out for the rest of the season with a knee injury, with 32 seconds left in regulation to give the 'Canes first blood in the Stanley Cup finals. The Oilers' Chris Pronger scores on a penalty shot, the first time in eleven attempts in a Stanley Cup Finals game. Carolina leads series 1–0
4 June 2006 (Sunday)
Football:
The Netherlands wins the UEFA U-21 Championship 2006, defeating the Ukraine 3–0 in the final.
Pre-World Cup friendlies:
1 – 0
1 – 1
4 – 0
3 – 0
1 – 3
Rugby union sevens:
In the final event of the 2005–06 World Sevens Series, held at Twickenham in London, Fiji clinch the overall series crown by defeating Kenya in the quarterfinals, and go on to win the London Sevens after defeating New Zealand in the semifinals and Samoa in the final. Fiji becomes the first team other than New Zealand to win the overall title in the seven-year history of the competition. (BBC)
Arena Football League
National Conference Championship Game
Orlando Predators 45, Dallas Desperados 28
Auto racing:
NASCAR NEXTEL Cup: Matt Kenseth rallies to pass Roush Racing teammate Jamie McMurray with two laps left to win the Neighborhood Excellence 400 presented by Bank of America
3 June 2006 (Saturday)
Arena Football League
American Conference Championship Game
Chicago Rush 59, San Jose SaberCats 56
Baseball: In a wild game during the 2006 NCAA Baseball Tournament, North Carolina-Wilmington defeated Maine by the score of 21–19.
Football: Pre-World Cup friendlies.
6 – 0
3 – 0
1 – 0
4 – 1
0 – 3
2 – 0
2006 NBA Playoffs
Western Conference Finals, Game 6
Dallas Mavericks 102, Phoenix Suns 93: The Mavs make history as they win the series 4–2 thanks to Dirk Nowitzki's 24 points and 10 rebounds and Josh Howard collected 20 and 15. Jerry Stackhouse added 13 of his team's 19 points in the fourth period, as the Mavs outscored the Suns by 13 in the quarter. The Mavs will host the Miami Heat starting Thursday (June 8) in the 2006 NBA Finals.
Horse racing:
Triple Crown of Thoroughbred Racing
United Kingdom:
Sir Percy, ridden by Martin Dwyer, wins the Derby at Epsom Downs Racecourse. The 6/1 shot, trained by Marcus Tregoning, fended off three other horses in one of the tightest finishes of the Derby's long history. It beat off the 66/1 outsider Dragon Dancer, ridden by Darryll Holland, by a short head, with Dylan Thomas, ridden by Johnny Murtagh, finishing third at a price of 25/1. Pre-race favourite Visindar finished 5th after jockey Christophe Soumillon was boxed in. Horatio Nelson, the mount of Kieren Fallon, suffered a fracture to his front left leg while in the closing stages. After the race, the horse had to be put down. (BBC)
2 June 2006 (Friday)
Football: Pre-World Cup friendlies.
3 – 0
1 – 1
0 – 1
2 – 3
0 – 0
0 – 0
2006 NBA Playoffs
Eastern Conference Final, Game 6
Miami Heat 95, Detroit Pistons 78: The Heat advanced to their first NBA Finals in franchise history, winning the series 4–2 thanks to Shaquille O'Neal's 28 points and 16 rebounds. The Heat will meet the winner of the Western Conference Finals starting on Thursday, June 8.
1 June 2006 (Thursday)
Football: Pre-World Cup friendlies.
0 – 0
2 – 1
NHL 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs
Eastern Conference Final, Game 7
Carolina Hurricanes 4, Buffalo Sabres 2: Rod Brind'Amour registered the conference-winning goal for the 'Canes, and with their 4–3 series win, will host the Edmonton Oilers to begin the Stanley Cup Finals on Monday, June 5.
2006 NBA Playoffs
Western Conference Final, Game 5
Dallas Mavericks 117, Phoenix Suns 101 Dallas leads series 3–2
References
06 |
5391206 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages%20of%20Angola | Languages of Angola | Portuguese is the only official language of Angola, but 46 other languages are spoken in the country, mostly Bantu languages. Ethnologue considers six languages to benefit of an institutional status in Angola: (Angolan) Portuguese, Chokwe, Kikongo, Kimbundu, Oshiwambo, Ngangela and Umbundu.
European languages
Portuguese is the sole official language. Due to cultural, social and political mechanisms which date back to the colonial history, the number of native Portuguese speakers is large and growing. A 2012 study by the Angolan National Institute for Statistics found that Portuguese is the mother tongue of 39% of the population. It is spoken as a second language by many more throughout the country, and younger urban generations are moving towards the dominant or exclusive use of Portuguese. The 2014 population census found that about 71% of the nearly 25.8 million inhabitants of Angola speak Portuguese at home.
In urban areas, 85% of the population declared to speak Portuguese at home in the 2014 census, against 49% in rural areas. Portuguese was quickly adopted by Angolans in the mid-twentieth century as a lingua franca among the various ethnic groups. After the Angolan Civil War, many people moved to the cities where they learned Portuguese. When they returned to the countryside, more people were speaking Portuguese as a first language. The variant of the Portuguese language used in Angola is known as Angolan Portuguese. Phonetically, this variant is very similar to the Mozambican variant with some exceptions. Some believe that Angolan Portuguese resembles a pidgin in some aspects.
However, in Cabinda, wedged between two French-speaking countries — the DRC and the Congo — many people speak French as well as, or better than, Portuguese. In fact, of the literate population, 90 percent speak French while 10 percent speak Portuguese. Also, the Angolan Bakongo who were exiled in the Democratic Republic of the Congo usually speak better French and Lingala than Portuguese and Kikongo.
Most West Africans speak English or French and their native African languages and are usually learning at least some Portuguese. A relative small number of Spanish speaker are present in Angola due to the Cuban influence.
African languages
All native languages of Angola are considered to be national languages. After independence, the government said it would choose six to be developed as literary languages. The six languages vary between government pronouncements, but commonly included are
Umbundu, Kimbundu, Kikongo (presumably the Fiote of Cabinda), Chokwe, Kwanyama (Ovambo), and Mbunda (never clearly defined; may be Nyemba, Luchazi, or indeterminate). Angolan radio transmits in fourteen of the "main" national languages: Bangala ('Mbangala'), Chokwe, Fiote, Herero ('Helelo'), Kikongo, Kimbundu, Kwanyama, Lunda, Ngangela, Ngoya, Nyaneka, Ovambo ('Oxiwambo'), Songo, Umbundu. Some of the national languages are used in Angolan schools, including the provision of teaching materials such as books, but there is a shortage of teachers.
Umbundu is the most widely spoken Bantu language, spoken natively by about 23 percent of the population, about 5.9 million. It is mainly spoken in the center and south of the country. Kimbundu is spoken in Luanda Province and adjacent provinces. Kikongo is spoken in the northwest, including the exclave of Cabinda. About 8.24% of Angolans use Kikongo. Fiote is spoken by about 2.9%, mainly in Cabinda. Lingala is also spoken in Angola.
The San people speak languages from two families, the !Kung and Khoe, though only a few hundred speak the latter. The majority of San fled to South Africa after the end of the civil war. The extinct Kwadi language may have been distantly related to Khoe, and Kwisi is entirely unknown; their speakers were neither Khoisan nor Bantu.
Asian languages
A (very small) number of Angolans of Lebanese descent speak Arabic and/or French. Due to increasing Angola-China relations, there is now a sinophone community of about 300,000.
Romani is spoken by the Roma minority in Angola. The Roma were deported to Angola from Portugal.
List of Languages of Angola
Listed below are the languages of Angola.
See also
Angolan Portuguese
Notes
References
External links
Tola Akindipe, Geofrey Kakaula & Alcino Joné, Largest Chokwe language resource on the internet (Mofeko)
Tola Akindipe, André Tati. Largest Ibinda (Fiote) language resource on the web (Mofeko)
PanAfrican L10n page on Angola
L'aménagement linguistique dans le monde – Angola
Ethnologue Listing of Angolan Languages
endangeredlanguages.com |
5391207 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boys%20%281996%20film%29 | Boys (1996 film) | Boys is a 1996 American film starring Winona Ryder and Lukas Haas. It is based very loosely on a short story called "Twenty Minutes" by James Salter.
The film is set in an East Coast boys boarding school, and was shot in Baltimore and on the campus of St. John's College in Annapolis, Maryland.
Plot
John Baker Jr. (Lukas Haas) is a boy bored with his life at an upper middle class boarding school, and the prospect of his future running the family grocery store chain. He no longer sees the point in school, stating what's the difference if he gets a zero attendance for being three minutes late or skipping the whole class so he might as well skip the class. Now close to graduating from boarding school, his life is turned upside down when he rescues Patty Vare (Winona Ryder), a young woman he finds lying unconscious in a field. Patty regains consciousness that evening in John's dormitory. She stays awake long enough to tell him she will not go to a doctor, and then passes out and does not awaken until the next morning. She seems to recover completely and to be grateful for John's assistance; the two begin a romantic voyage of self-discovery. This is not without its problems, as other boys in the dorm quickly find out she is being hidden in his room, leading up to a dramatic confrontation with Baker's close friends where his 'best friend' becomes enraged and punches a wall, breaking his hand, while the two continue to argue over the reason as to why Baker has hidden her in his room.
Throughout the film, there are continuous flashbacks of Vare's past, showing her with a famous baseball player with whom she steals a car, leading up to a drunken car crash and his death (for which authorities are searching for Vare for questioning). By the end, Vare has admitted all this to Baker and informed the authorities of the location of the body and the car (as they crashed into a river). At the police station, both Baker and Vare begin to say goodbye when they unexpectedly jump into an elevator to escape from Baker's controlling father (Chris Cooper), and drive off with a car he had earlier stolen from the school.
Cast
Reception
After "a dispute with her studio led to an extensive involuntary editing process," director Cochran commented that "much of the original intent and beauty of the film had been lost, due to studio interference."
The film received negative reviews from critics. Terrence Rafferty of The New Yorker wrote, "Boys, subjected to self-fulfilling negative buzz, has received lukewarm-to-terrible reviews and has done no business. It deserves better. [...] Cochran is too eccentric to make a conventional comedy, yet unfortunately (in marketing terms), her style is too subtle and uninsistent to place her among the aggressively hip, genre-bending filmmakers of the Tarantino generation. The funny thing is, this young filmmaker may have a more deeply subversive sensibility than any of her celebrated peers." Boys holds a rating of 15% on Rotten Tomatoes from 27 reviews.
Official soundtrack
The soundtrack to the film was released on April 9, 1996.
"She's Not There" - Cruel Sea
"Alright" - Cast
"Gotta Know Right Now" - Smoking Popes
"Honeysimple" - Scarce
"Wildwood" (Sheared Wood Mix) - Paul Weller, remixed by Portishead
"Colored Water" - Orbit
"Sad & Beautiful World" - Sparklehorse
"Fading Fast" - Kelly Willis
"Tell Her This" - Del Amitri
"If I Didn't Love You" - Squeeze
"Inside" - Slider
"Wait for the Sun" - Supergrass
"Belly Laugh" - Compulsion
"Begging You" - The Stone Roses
"Evade Chums" - Stewart Copeland
References
External links
1996 films
1990s teen drama films
American romantic drama films
American teen drama films
English-language films
Spanish-language films
Films directed by Stacy Cochran
Films shot in Baltimore
Touchstone Pictures films
Interscope Communications films
PolyGram Filmed Entertainment films
Films produced by Peter Frankfurt
Films scored by Stewart Copeland
1996 drama films
Films based on short fiction |
5391219 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rosenmontag | Rosenmontag | () is the highlight of the German (carnival), and takes place on the Shrove Monday before Ash Wednesday, the beginning of Lent. Mardi Gras, though celebrated on Fat Tuesday, is a similar event. is celebrated in German-speaking countries, including Germany, Austria, Switzerland and Belgium (Eupen, Kelmis), but most heavily in the carnival strongholds which include the Rhineland, especially in Cologne, Bonn, Düsseldorf, Aachen and Mainz. In contrast to Germany, in Austria, the highlight of the carnival is not , but Shrove Tuesday.
The name for the carnival comes from the German dialect word meaning "frolic" and meaning Monday.
Overview
The season begins at 11 minutes past the eleventh hour on 11 November and the "street carnival" starts on the Thursday before , which is known as ("women's carnival", Fat Thursday). is prevalent in Roman Catholic areas and is a continuation of the old Roman traditions of slaves and servants being master for a day. derives from the Latin ("taking leave of meat") marking the beginning of Lent.
Carnival is not a national holiday in Germany, but schools are closed on and the following Tuesday in the strongholds and many other areas. Many schools as well as companies tend to give teachers, pupils and employees the Thursday before off as well and have celebrations in school or in the working place on , although every now and then there are efforts to cut these free holidays in some companies.
Celebrations usually include dressing up in fancy costumes, dancing, parades, heavy drinking and general public displays with floats. Every town in the areas boasts at least one parade with floats making fun of the themes of the day. Usually sweets () are thrown into the crowds lining the streets among cries of or , whereby the cry is only applied in the Cologne Carnival – stems from or , Ripuarian for "all [others] away". Sweets and tulips are thrown into the crowd.
The celebrations become quieter the next day, known as ("Violet Tuesday", Shrove Tuesday), and end with Ash Wednesday.
See also
Clean Monday
Nickanan Night
References
Monday
February observances
March observances
Carnivals in Germany |
5391229 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pisohamate%20ligament | Pisohamate ligament | The pisohamate ligament is a ligament in the hand. It connects the pisiform to the hook of the hamate. It is a prolongation of the tendon of the flexor carpi ulnaris.
It serves as part of the origin for the abductor digiti minimi. It also forms the floor of the ulnar canal, a canal that allows the ulnar nerve and ulnar artery into the hand.
References
Ligaments of the upper limb |
5391246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All%20Saints%20Anglican%20Church%2C%20Henley%20Brook | All Saints Anglican Church, Henley Brook | The All Saints Church in Henley Brook is the oldest church in Western Australia. It was built by Richard Edwards between 1838 and 1840, with the first service taking place on 10 January 1841. The site is on a small hill overlooking the Swan River and near the conjunction of the Swan and Ellen Brook. This site was where Captain James Stirling camped during his 1827 exploration of the area.
1827 expedition
On 13 March 1827, Stirling's expedition of the Swan River finished in the area but was unable to venture further upstream due to lack of navigable water. The party made camp on the high bank overlooking the river. He wrote in his diary:
"...the richness of the soil, the bright foliage of the shrubs, the majesty of the surrounding trees, the abrupt and red colour banks of the river occasionally seen, and the view of the blue mountains, from which we were not far distant, made the scenery of this spot as bieutiful as anything of the kind I have ever witnessed..."
Religious services
The distance to Perth for church attendees was unreasonable, so St Mary’s - Middle Swan, was opened in 1840. However, in the absence of a bridge, the Swan River made it too difficult for those on the West side of the river. It was decided that an additional church would be built on the west side of the river at Upper Swan.
Frederick Irwin, a devout Anglican, had been holding regular services on his property since 1830. The acre of land where Captain Stirling had camped was donated by Irwin and William Mackie, and in 1838 Reverend William Mitchell was appointed Rector. Richard Edwards, Irwin's manager at Henley Park and a master bricklayer, under took the building of the church.
With the assistance of local residents who donated both labour and materials, the church was completed in 1841. The flagstones of the church came from the ballast of ships that had sailed from England. The first service was held on 10 January 1841. Bishop Augustus Short of Adelaide consecrated All Saints Church in November 1848.
Services have been regularly held in the church since it was built. The Anglican Church holds services here every Sunday with additional services on significant occasions. All Saints Church is in the Anglican Parish of Swan. Prior to the establishment of the Perth diocese in 1857 churches in the Swan River Colony were part of the Adelaide diocese.
Cemetery
The cemetery that surrounds the church includes the graves of a number of individuals who were significant to the development of the colony: William Mackie, Frederick Irwin, John Connelly and Richard Edwards are all buried in the graveyard. There is a memorial to George Fletcher Moore inside the church.
In 1929 to mark the centenary of settlement a lychgate was erected to mark the farthest point inland that Captain James Stirling's 1827 expedition reached. During 1974 a memorial wall was built in the south west corner of the cemetery. As part of the WAY 1979 celebrations the Western Australian chapter of the Australian Institute of Builders restored the lychgate. Wrought iron gates completed the boundary fence in 1991; the gates are decorated with the words All Saints and Ellen's Brook.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Heritage Council of WA listing (PDF)
City of Swan Heritage listing
Henley Brook
Henley Brook
State Register of Heritage Places in the City of Swan
Victorian architecture in Western Australia
19th-century Anglican church buildings
Churches completed in 1841
1841 establishments in Australia |
5391274 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Languages%20of%20Zambia | Languages of Zambia | Zambia has several major indigenous languages, all of them members of the Bantu family. English is the official language and the major language of business and education.
Indigenous Zambian languages
Zambia has 72 languages, some of which have a long history in Zambia, while others, such as Silozi, arose as a result of 18th- and 19th-century migrations. All of Zambia's vernacular languages are members of the Bantu family and are closely related to one another.
Although there are several languages spoken in Zambia, seven of them were officially recognized as regional languages, and they still have this official status. Together, these represent the major languages of each province: Bemba (Northern Province, Luapula, Muchinga and the Copperbelt), Nyanja (Lusaka), Lozi (Western Province), Tonga and Lozi (Southern Province), and Kaonde, Luvale and Lunda (Northwestern Province). These seven languages are used, together with English, in early primary schooling and in some government publications. A common orthography was approved by the Ministry of Education in 1977.
According to the 2000 census, Zambia's most widely spoken languages are Bemba (spoken by 35% of the population as either a first or second language), Nyanja (37%), Tonga (25%) and Lozi (18%).
In some languages, particularly Bemba and Nyanja, Zambians distinguish between a "deep" form of the language, associated with older and more traditional speakers in rural areas, and urban forms (sometimes called "town language" or Chitauni, such as Town Bemba and Town Nyanja) that incorporate a large number of borrowings from English and other innovations.
An urban variety of Nyanja is the lingua franca of the capital Lusaka and is widely spoken as a second language throughout Zambia. Bemba, the country's largest indigenous language, also serves as a lingua franca in some areas.
Significance of Zambian languages
Local Zambian languages play an important role in different sectors of society. For instance, in the education sector, local languages allow pupils to express themselves freely.
Zambian English
English, the former colonial language, serves as a common language among educated Zambians. At independence in 1964, English was declared the national language. English is the first language of only 2% of Zambians but is the most commonly used second language.
The English spoken in Zambia has some distinctive features, such as the omission of certain object pronouns that would be obligatory in Western English ("Did you reach?"), the simplification of some phrasal verbs ("throw" instead of "throw away"), subtle differences in the usage of auxiliary verbs such as "should", simplification of vowel sounds (some Zambians may regard "taste" and "test" as homophones), and the incorporation of particles derived from Zambia's indigenous languages (such as chi "big/bad" and ka "little"). Zambian English also incorporates South African words such as braai for "barbecue".
Percentage distribution of major language groups
Source: 2010 Census
List of languages
The established languages of Zambia are:
Afrikaans
Aushi
Bemba
Bwile
Chichewa
Chokwe
Congo Swahili
English
Fwe
Gujarati
Ila
Kaonde
Khwedam
Kuhane
Kunda
Lala-Bisa
Lamba
Lambya
Lenje
Lozi
Luchazi
Lunda
Luvale
Luyana
Mambwe-Lungu
Mashi
Mbowe
Mbukushu
Mbunda
Nkoya
Nsenga
Nyamwanga
Nyiha
Nyika
Pidgin Zulu
Sala
Settla
Shona
Simaa
Soli
Taabwa
Tonga
Totela
Tumbuka
Yao
Yauma
Zambian Sign Language
References
Bibliography
Chimuka, S. S. (1977). Zambian languages: orthography approved by the Ministry of Education. Lusaka : National Educational Company of Zambia (NECZAM).
Kashoki, Mubanga E. and Ohannessian, Sirarpa. (1978) Language in Zambia. London: International African Institute.
Kashoki, Mubanga E. (1981). Harmonization of African languages: standardization of orthography in Zambia in In African Languages: Proceedings of the Meeting of Experts on the Transcription and Harmonization of African Languages, Niamey (Niger), 17–21 July 1978, (pp. 164–75). Paris: UNESCO.
Kashoki, Mubanga E. (1990) The Factor of Language in Zambia. Lusaka: Kenneth Kaunda Foundation.
Marten, Lutz; Kula, Nancy C. (2008) "One Zambia, One Nation, Many Languages" in Simpson, A. ed., 2008, Language and National Identity in Africa, Oxford: OUP, 291–313.
Chanda, Vincent M. and Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson. (2013). 'Speak Zambian Languages'. Lusaka: UNZAPRESS
Mkandawire, S. B. (2017). "Familiar Language Based Instruction versus Unfamiliar Language for the Teaching of Reading and Writing Skills: A Focus on Zambian Languages and English at two Primary Schools in Lusaka". Zambian Journal of Language Studies, 1(1), 53–82.
Mkandawire, Sitwe Benson (2017b). "Terminological Dilemma on Familiar language based instruction and English language: A reflection on Language of Initial Literacy Instruction in Zambia" Journal of Lexicography and Terminology, 1(1), 45–58.
Tambulukani, Geoffrey Kazembe (2015). "First Language Teaching of Initial Reading: Blessing or Curse for the Zambian Children under Primary Reading Programme?" Ph.D. thesis, University of Zambia.
Tordoff, William (ed.) (1974) Politics in Zambia. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
Republic of Zambia. Constitution of Zambia 1991 (as amended by Act no. 18 of 1996).
External links
Census data from Zambia from Central Statistical Office, Zambia
Ethnologue Listing of Zambian Languages
Bibliography of books on languages spoken in Zambia
Regional Languages of Zambia
Ethnic and linguistic composition
Languages
One Zambia, One Nation, Many Languages |
3998656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 2003 French Open – Women's singles | Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated Kim Clijsters in the final, 6–0, 6–4 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2003 French Open. It was her first major singles title, and she became the first Belgian player to win a major; Clijsters (also Belgian) was attempting to achieve the same accolade. The final made Belgium the third country in the Open Era (following Australia and the United States) to have two countrywomen contest a major final.
Serena Williams was the defending champion, but she was defeated by Henin-Hardenne in the semifinals, ending her winning streak of 33 major matches.
This was the final major appearance of former world No. 1 and nine-time major champion Monica Seles, who was defeated by Nadia Petrova in the first round. This was Seles' only first-round loss at a major in her career. It was also the first French Open appearance for future world No. 1 and five-time major winner Maria Sharapova, who was defeated by Magüi Serna in the first round.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
2003 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
2003 in women's tennis
2003 in French women's sport |
3998658 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Donnell%20%28DE-56%29 | USS Donnell (DE-56) | USS Donnell (DE-56), a in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1945. She was scrapped in 1946.
History
Donnell was named in honor of Ensign Earl Roe Donnell (1918–1942), who was killed in action while serving in Scouting Squadron 6 aboard the aircraft carrier during an attack on the Marshall Islands on 6 February 1942. Donnell was laid down on 27 November 1942 at the Bethlehem Steel Company shipyard, at Hingham, Massachusetts, launched on 13 March 1943, sponsored by Mrs. E. R. Donnell, mother of Ensign Donnell, and commissioned on 26 June 1943.
Battle of the Atlantic
Donnell sailed from Boston on 31 August 1943 for trans-Atlantic convoy duty. She guarded the safe passage of four convoys to Derry and return in the buildup for the invasion of Europe in June. At sea bound for Derry again on her fifth voyage, on 3 May 1944 Donnell made a sound contact, then sighted a periscope a few minutes later and pressed home a depth charge attack on . Simultaneously she was struck by a torpedo which blew off her stern. Explosion of her own depth charges inflicted additional damage on the escort. Her casualties were 29 killed and 25 wounded. Arriving after a 300-mile dash in response to a call from Donnell, an 18-hour hunt by the 2nd Support Group under Captain Frederic John Walker began which brought U-473 to the surface, where she was sunk by gunfire.
Operation Overlord
Donnell was towed by , , and to Dunstaffnage Bay, Scotland, arriving there on 12 May. Since repairs would have involved extensive reconstruction, she was placed in commission in reserve at Lisahally, Northern Ireland, on 20 June 1944, for use as an accommodation ship.
Electric power supplies were needed at newly captured ports on in France before the electric grid and electric power generating stations could be returned to service. Since Donnell had a large turbo-electric generator, but was not able to sail by herself because of the damage she had sustained, the ship was converted to an electric power barge and reclassified IX-182 on 15 July 1944. Donnell was towed to Plymouth, England, in July to embark passengers, take on cargo, and have electric power cables installed in place of her torpedo tubes. Donnell was towed in August to Cherbourg-Octeville, where she supplied electric power to shore installations. The experiment was such a success, that a few other destroyer escorts had their torpedo tubes removed and replaced by electric power cables and power supply equipment for use at other locations.
Decommissioning and fate
In February 1945 she was returned to England, and served as barracks ship at Portland and Plymouth until towed back to the United States, arriving at the Philadelphia Navy Yard on 18 July 1945. She was decommissioned on 23 October 1945, and sold for scrap on 29 April 1946.
Gallery
References
External links
Buckley-class destroyer escorts
World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States
World War II auxiliary ships of the United States
Ships built in Hingham, Massachusetts
1943 ships
Maritime incidents in May 1944 |
3998660 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20q | Max q | The max q condition is the point when an aerospace vehicle's atmospheric flight reaches maximum dynamic pressure. This is a significant factor in the design of such vehicles because the aerodynamic structural load on them is proportional to dynamic pressure. This may impose limits on the vehicle's flight envelope.
Dynamic pressure
Dynamic pressure, q, is defined mathematically as
where ρ is the local air density, and v is the vehicle's velocity; the dynamic pressure can be thought of as the kinetic energy density of the air with respect to the vehicle.
This quantity appears notably in the drag equation.
For a car traveling at 90 km/h (25 m/s) at sea level (where the air density is about 1.225 kg/m^3 ), the dynamic pressure on the front of the car is 383 Pa, about 0.38% of the static pressure (101325 Pa at sea level).
For an airliner cruising at 828 km/h (230 m/s) at an altitude of 10 km (where the air density is about 0.4135 kg/m^3), the dynamic pressure on the front of the plane is 10937 Pa, about 41% of the static pressure (26,500 Pa at 10 km).
In rocket launches
For a launch of a rocket from the ground into space, dynamic pressure is:
zero at lift-off, when the air density ρ is high but the vehicle's speed v = 0
zero outside the atmosphere, where the speed v is high, but the air density ρ = 0
always non-negative, given the quantities involved
During the launch, the rocket speed increases but the air density decreases as the rocket rises. Therefore, (by Rolle's theorem) there is a point where the dynamic pressure is maximum.
In other words, before reaching max q, the dynamic pressure increase due to increasing velocity is greater than the dynamic pressure decrease due to decreasing air density such that the net dynamic pressure (opposing kinetic energy) acting on the craft continues to increase. After passing max q, the opposite is true. The net dynamic pressure acting against the craft decreases faster as the air density decreases with altitude than it increases from increasing velocity, ultimately reaching 0 when the air density becomes zero.
This value is significant since it is one of the constraints that determines the structural load that the body rocket must bear. For many rockets, if launched at full throttle, the aerodynamic forces would be higher than what they can withstand. For this reason, they are often throttled down before approaching max q and back up afterwards, so as to reduce the speed and hence the maximum dynamic pressure encountered along the flight.
Examples
During a normal Space Shuttle launch, for example, max q value of 0.32 atmospheres occurred at an altitude of approximately about one minute after launch. The three Space Shuttle Main Engines were throttled back to about 65–72% of their rated thrust (depending on payload) as the dynamic pressure approached max q; combined with the propellant grain design of the solid rocket boosters, which reduced the thrust at max q by one third after 50 seconds of burn, the total stresses on the vehicle were kept to a safe level.
During a typical Apollo mission, the max q (also just over 0.3 atmospheres) occurred between of altitude; approximately the same values occur for the SpaceX Falcon 9.
The point of max q is a key milestone during a rocket launch, as it is the point at which the airframe undergoes maximum mechanical stress.
See also
Prandtl–Glauert singularity
Ideal gas law
Gravity turn
Gravity drag
References
Aerospace engineering
Fluid dynamics |
3998662 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skagafj%C3%B6r%C3%B0ur | Skagafjörður | Skagafjörður () is a deep fjord and its valley in northern Iceland.
Location
Skagafjörður, the fjord, is about 40 km long and 15 km wide, situated between Tröllaskagi to the east and the Skagi Peninsula to the west. There are two municipalities in the area, Skagafjörður Municipality (approx. 4140 inhabitants) and Akrahreppur Municipality (approx. 210 inhabitants).
This is one of Iceland's most prosperous agricultural regions, with widespread dairy and sheep farming in addition to the horse breeding for which the district is famed. Skagafjörður is the only county in Iceland where horses outnumber people.
It is a centre for agriculture, and some fisheries are also based in the settlements of Sauðárkrókur and Hofsós. The people living in Skagafjörður have a reputation for choir singing, horsemanship, and gatherings. There are three islands in the bay: Málmey, Drangey and Lundey (Puffin Island).
The bay is located in a submerged glacial valley which is continued southwards by a plain in which lies the delta of the Héraðsvötn river. The main settlement of this valley is Varmahlíð.
Sources
References
External links
Visit Skagafjörður
Finding early structures in Skagafjörður
Map of Skagafjörður
Fjords of Iceland |
3998665 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francisco%20Lima | Francisco Lima | Francisco Govinho Lima (born 17 April 1971) is a Brazilian footballer who plays as a midfielder for Fast Clube. Lima generally played as a defensive or central midfielder but on several occasions he was also employed as a left midfielder.
Career
He played for São Paulo Futebol Clube in 1996, and played for Gaziantepspor in 1996/1998. He then played for FC Zürich between 1998 and 2000, and joined Serie A team Lecce during 1999/2000. One year later, he transferred to Bologna, and impressed AS Roma enough to win a move to them in 2001. Roma paid Bologna 13 billion Italian lire. He signed a 3-year contract and earned an average of 3.7 billion lire annually before tax.
He stayed in the capital for three seasons. At the age of 33, he went northward to Lokomotiv Moscow. In January 2006, he was loaned to Qatar SC, until the summer. He signed for FC Dynamo Moscow in a free transfer during the second half of the Russian season.
He then joined Brescia Calcio in January 2007, and later the San Jose Earthquakes in July 2008. However, he left them in January 2009 to move back to Italy to join Taranto.
In January 2010, Lima returned to Brazil for Nacional (AM). In the same year he played for Rio Negro (AM), another club based on his hometown. He last played for São Raimundo (AM), another Manaus based club before retiring at the age of 40. He worked as director of football at Nacional (AM) before coming out of retirement and signing for Fast Clube to play the 2016 Copa Verde as a centre back with 2006 FIFA Club World Cup winner Ediglê.
Honours
Ferroviário (CE)
Campeonato Cearense (1): 1994
Roma
Supercoppa Italiana (1): 2001
References
External links
Profile at Brescia Calcio official website
https://web.archive.org/web/20100201072543/http://www.cbf.com.br/php/registro.php?i=114036
http://www.tuttocalciatori.net/Lima_Francisco_Govinho
http://www.tff.org/Default.aspx?pageId=526&kisiId=27562
1971 births
Living people
People from Manaus
Afro-Brazilian sportspeople
Brazilian footballers
Brazilian expatriate footballers
A.S. Roma players
Bologna F.C. 1909 players
FC Dynamo Moscow players
FC Lokomotiv Moscow players
São Paulo FC players
U.S. Lecce players
Gaziantepspor footballers
Grasshopper Club Zürich players
FC Zürich players
Brescia Calcio players
San Jose Earthquakes players
Qatar SC players
Taranto F.C. 1927 players
Süper Lig players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Russian Premier League players
Expatriate footballers in Italy
Expatriate footballers in Qatar
Expatriate footballers in Russia
Expatriate footballers in Switzerland
Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in Turkey
Expatriate footballers in Turkey
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Association football midfielders
São Raimundo Esporte Clube footballers
Sportspeople from Amazonas (Brazilian state) |
5391275 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20University%20of%20Louisville%20people | List of University of Louisville people | The following is a list of people associated with the University of Louisville.
Notable alumni
Arts and entertainment
Harriette Simpson Arnow (BS 1930) – former author, best known for The Dollmaker
Terry Bisson (BA 1964) – contemporary science fiction author
Nick DeMartino (BA) – former Senior Vice President, Media and Technology for the American Film Institute
Bob Edwards (BA 1969) – former host of NPR's Morning Edition, host of The Bob Edwards Show on XM Satellite Radio and PRI's Bob Edwards Weekend
Howard Fineman (JD 1975) – Newsweek chief political analyst
Sam Gilliam (BFA 1955, MFA 1961) – painter, specializing in color field and abstract art
Sue Grafton (BA 1961) – contemporary detective novel author
Edward N. Hamilton, Jr (BFA 1969) – sculptor, works include York, the Spirit of Freedom, and the Amistad Memorial
Michael Jackman – columnist, poet, essayist, fiction writer, and college professor
Static Major – singer, songwriter, most famous from his work with Lil Wayne on "Lollipop"
Delfeayo Marsalis (MA 2004) – jazz trombonist and record producer; brother of Wynton Marsalis and son of Ellis Marsalis
Amanda Matthews (BA) – sculptor and painter
Beverle Graves Myers – author of historical mystery novels and short stories
Mary Spencer Nay (BA 1941, MA 1960) – painter and printmaker
Marsha Norman (BA 1969) – Pulitzer Prize and Tony Award-winning playwright
Barbara A. Perry (BA 1978) – author; political analyst; Senior Fellow, University of Virginia Miller Center of Public Affairs; former Carter Glass Professor of Government, Sweet Briar College
Diane Sawyer – attended but did not graduate law school; anchor of ABC World News
Ben Sollee – cellist, singer, and songwriter
Kenneth Victor Young (BA, MA) – painter, designer, educator
Business
Owsley Brown Frazier (BA 1958, JD 1960) – former director of Brown-Forman Corporation
Robert Nardelli (MBA 1975) – CEO of Chrysler; former CEO of Home Depot; former CEO of General Electric Company
Frank Neuhauser (BS 1934) – patent attorney; winner of the first National Spelling Bee in 1925
James Patterson (MBA 1955) – co-founder of Long John Silvers, Rally's Hamburgers, and Chi-Chi's restaurant chains, President of Pattco Investments
Leslie Stephen Wright (1913–97) – President of Samford University in Birmingham, Alabama 1958–83
David Jones (1931-2019) -- Founder, former CEO and president, Humana
Politics
David L. Armstrong (JD 1969) – former mayor of Louisville (1996–2002)
Solon Borland (MD 1841) – former U.S. Senator (D), Arkansas
Christopher Dodd (JD 1972) – former U.S. Senator (D), Connecticut
James B. Edwards (DMD 1955) – former U.S. Secretary of Energy and Governor of South Carolina
Charles R. Farnsley (LL.B. 1926) – Kentucky General Assembly 1936–40; Mayor of Louisville 1948–53; U.S. House of Representatives 1965–67
Gina Haspel Director of CIA. (BA 1978)
Reuf Bajrovic former Minister of Energy of Federation of Bosnia and Herzegovina (BA 2000)
Henry D. Hatfield (DMD 1900) – former U.S. Senator and Governor of West Virginia
David L. Huber – former U.S. Attorney for the Western District of Kentucky
Addison James – United States Representative from Kentucky
Thomas Lee Judge – 18th governor of Montana
John A. Logan (JD 1851) – Union General in the Civil War, won Medal of Honor at Vicksburg, led Union forces at Battle of Atlanta, Senator for Illinois
Romano Mazzoli (JD 1960) – representative for KY's 3rd US Congressional District 1971–95
Mitch McConnell (BA 1964) – U.S. Senator and Majority Leader (R), Kentucky
Louie Nunn (JD 1950) – Governor of Kentucky (1967–71)
Ben Waide (BS) – member of the Kentucky House of Representatives
Scott M. McLaughlin (2019) - Command Sergeant Major, 3rd Battalion, 8th (U.S.) Cavalry Regiment
Jim Smith, member of the Indiana Senate
Religion
Aryeh Kaplan (BA 1961) – American Orthodox rabbi, author, and translator known for his knowledge of physics and kabbalah.
Science and engineering
James Gilbert Baker (BA 1935) – winner of Presidential Award for Merit, developed the Baker-Schmidt telescope, pushed for U2 spy plane development
Lawrence F. Dahl (BS 1951) – professor emeritus of chemistry at the University of Wisconsin–Madison
Keith Fitzgerald (BA 1994) – political scientist and immigration policy pundit
Thomas L. Maddin (1826–1908) – Confederate physician, professor of medicine at the Vanderbilt University School of Medicine
David Meade – book author
Renã A. S. Robinson (B.S. 2000) – spectrometry, proteomics, Alzheimer's disease and aging
Gary Sullivan (B.S. 1982, MEng 1983) – researcher and standardization leader in video compression technology including H.264/AVC and HEVC
Chang-Lin Tien (MEng 1957) – UC Berkeley chancellor 1990–97; engineering scholar
Notable faculty
William Burke Belknap – economist; hardware manufacturer; philanthropist; horse breeder; Professor of Economics at the University of Louisville
Jim Chen – legal scholar and expert on constitutional law
Colin Crawford – legal scholar and dean of the University of Louisville School of Law
Paul W. Ewald – evolutionary biologist credited as one scientist who devised the Trade-Off Hypothesis
Agnes Moore Fryberger – first director of music appreciation at the university
Michael Jackman – columnist, poet, essayist and fiction writer
Kee Chang Huang – distinguished professor of pharmacology
Melanie B. Jacobs – legal scholar and dean of the University of Louisville School of Law
John LaBarbera – jazz professor, nominated for 2005 Grammy award in the Best Large Jazz Ensemble category for his CD On the Wild Side
Justin McCarthy – discredited Armenian genocide denier
Mary Spencer Nay – painter and printmaker
Tom Owen – Professor of Libraries and Community Relations Associate, Louisville Metro Council representative
James Speed – lecturer, U.S. Attorney General under President Abraham Lincoln
Eugenia Wang – professor with a primary focus in researching the genetic aspect of aging in humans
Harold G. Wren – legal scholar and law school dean
Manning G. Warren III – holder of the H. Edward Harter Chair of Commercial Law
Roman Yampolskiy – computer scientist known for his work on artificial intelligence safety
Notable athletic alumni
Football
Current NFL players
Jaire Alexander – cornerback Green Bay Packers
Teddy Bridgewater (2011–2014) – Minnesota Vikings, New Orleans Saints, Denver Broncos quarterback
Preston Brown (2010–13) – Buffalo Bills linebacker
Jamon Brown – offensive tackle Green Bay Packers
Lamar Jackson (2015–2018) – quarterback for Baltimore Ravens; NFL; 2016 Heisman Trophy winner
DeVante Parker (2011–14) – Miami Dolphins wide receiver
Bilal Powell (2007–10) – New York Jets running back
Current CFL players
Victor Anderson
Otis Floyd (1995–98) – Hamilton Tiger-Cats linebacker
Adam Froman (2009–10) – Winnipeg Blue Bombers quarterback
Trent Guy – Toronto Argonauts slotback
Montrell Jones (2001–02) – Montreal Alouettes wide receiver
Joshua Tinch (2002–05) – Saskatchewan Roughriders wide receiver
Jonta Woodard (2001–02) – Hamilton Tiger-Cats offensive tackle
Current AFL players
Donovan Arp (1999–2000) – Austin Wranglers offensive/defensive lineman
Kevin Gaines (1990–93) – Grand Rapids Rampage defensive back
Jason Hilliard (2001–04) – Columbus Destroyers offensive lineman
Will Rabatin (2001–04) – Columbus Destroyers offensive/defensive lineman
Current UFL players
Brian Brohm (2004–07) – Las Vegas Locomotives quarterback 2011–present
Ronnie Ghent (1997–2001) – Hartford Colonials tight end
Former pros
David Akers (1992–95) – San Francisco 49ers kicker; five-time Pro Bowl selection (2001, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2010)
Bruce Armstrong (1983–86) – former New England Patriots offensive lineman; played in the NFL for 14 seasons; six-time Pro Bowl selection (1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 1996 and 1997); one of only 11 inducted into the Patriots Hall of Fame; one of only seven to have his number retired
Deion Branch (2000–01) – New England Patriots wide receiver; Super Bowl XXXIX MVP with the New England Patriots, tied record for catches in a Super Bowl
Ray Buchanan (1989–91) – former Atlanta Falcons, Indianapolis Colts, and Oakland Raiders defensive back
Mark Clayton (1979–82) – former Miami Dolphins and Green Bay Packers wide receiver; five-time Pro Bowl selection (1984, 1985, 1986, 1988 and 1991)
Curry Burns (1998–2002) – free agent safety
Michael Bush (2003–06) – Chicago Bears running back
Harry Douglas (2003–07) – Tennessee Titans wide receiver
Elvis Dumervil (2002–05) – Denver Broncos, Baltimore Ravens defensive end; tied the NCAA single-season sack record (24); was a first team All-American and the 2005 Bronko Nagurski Trophy winner as college football's Defensive Player of the Year; 2005 Ted Hendricks Award as college football's top defensive end
Renardo Foster (2003–06) – free agent offensive lineman
William Gay (2003–06) – Pittsburgh Steelers cornerback
Antoine Harris (2002–05) – free agent defensive back
Nate Harris (2005–06) – free agent linebacker
Earl Heyman (2005–09) – New Orleans Saints defensive tackle
Ernest Givins (1984–85) – former Houston Oilers and Jacksonville Jaguars wide receiver; two-time Pro Bowl selection (1990 and 1992)
Ernie Green (1959–62) – former Green Bay Packers and Cleveland Browns running back and fullback
Jay Gruden (1985–88) – former Arena Football League quarterback for the Tampa Bay Storm, led the team to four ArenaBowl championships; League MVP in 1992 and MVP of ArenaBowl VII; first quarterback inducted into the Arena Football Hall of Fame in 1998; head coach of the Washington Redskins; former head coach of the Orlando Predators, led the team to titles in ArenaBowls XII and XIII
Tom Jackson (1970–72) – former Denver Broncos linebacker; three-time Pro Bowl selection (1977–79); analyst on ESPN's NFL Gameday; two-time Missouri Valley Conference player of the year (1971, 1972)
Joe Jacoby (1977–80) – former Washington Redskins offensive lineman; key member of "The Hogs"; member of Super Bowl XVII, Super Bowl XXII, and Super Bowl XXVI Championship teams; four-time Pro Bowl selection (1983–86)
Joe Johnson (1990–93) – former New Orleans Saints and Green Bay Packers defensive end; two-time Pro Bowl selection (1998 and 2000)
Brandon Johnson (2002–05) – Cincinnati Bengals linebacker
Chris Johnson (2001–02) – Oakland Raiders defensive back
Amobi Okoye (2003–06) – Chicago Bears defensive lineman
Richard Owens (1999–2003) – free agent tight end
Stefan LeFors (2000–05; played 2001–04) – former quarterback with the Carolina Panthers in the NFL and the Edmonton Eskimos and Winnipeg Blue Bombers in the CFL; head high school football coach at the Christian Academy of Louisville
Lenny Lyles (1954–57) – drafted by the Baltimore Colts in the first round (11th overall) of the 1958 NFL Draft; one-time Pro Bowl selection; one of the first African American football players at the University of Louisville; often referred to as "the fastest man in football"
Sam Madison (1993–96) – former Miami Dolphins and New York Giants defensive back; four-time Pro Bowl selection (1999, 2000, 2001, and 2002)
Frank Minnifield (1979–82) – former Cleveland Browns defensive back; four-time Pro Bowl selection (1986–89); co-creator of the "Dawg Pound"; led nation in kickoff returns in 1981 and punt returns in 1982
Roman Oben (1991–95) – offensive lineman
Chris Redman (1996–99) – Atlanta Falcons quarterback; 1999 Johnny Unitas Golden Arm Award winner
Kerry Rhodes (2001–04) – Arizona Cardinals defensive back, 2005 NFL All-Rookie team
Kolby Smith (2003–06) – free agent running back
Jason Spitz (2002–05) – Jacksonville Jaguars offensive lineman
Montavious Stanley (2002–05) – free agent defensive tackle
Howard Stevens – running back, Baltimore Colts, New Orleans Saints; member of Louisville Athletic Hall of Fame
Johnny Unitas (1951–54) – former Baltimore Colts quarterback; Pro Football Hall of Fame member, three-time NFL Most Valuable Player
Dewayne White (2000–02) – Detroit Lions defensive end
Otis Wilson (1976–79) – first team All-American defensive end; member of the Chicago Bears Super Bowl XX Championship team
Men's basketball
Rakeem Buckles (2009–12), professional basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
Trey Lewis (2015-2016), professional basketball player in the Israeli Basketball Premier League
Donovan Mitchell (2015-17), professional basketball player for the Utah Jazz
Kenny Payne (1985-89), professional basketball player for the Philadelphia 76ers (1989-1993), coach for the University of Louisville (2022-present)
Derek Smith (1979-82), professional basketball player for the Golden State Warriors (1982-1983, Los Angeles/San Diego Clippers (1983-1986), Sacramento Kings (1986-1989), Philadelphia 76ers (1989-1993), and Boston Celtics (1990-1991)
All-Americans
(listed in chronological order)
Bob Lochmueller (1949–52)
Charlie Tyra (1954–57)
Don Goldstein (1956–59) – All-American, Pan American Games gold medalist
Jack Turner (1958–61)
Wes Unseld (1965–68) – three-time All-American; former member of the Baltimore/Washington Bullets; 5-time NBA All-Star; second person ever to win both NBA Rookie of the Year and NBA Most Valuable Player in the same season; named to the NBA's 50th Anniversary All-Time Team; inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1988
Butch Beard (1966–69)
Jim Price (1969–72)
Junior Bridgeman (1972–75) – All-American in 1975
Allen Murphy (1972–75)
Phil Bond (1973–76)
Wesley Cox (1974–77)
Rick Wilson (1975–78)
Darrell Griffith (1976–80) – 1980 John Wooden Award winner (player of the year) and Most Outstanding Player of the NCAA Basketball Tournament; former member of the Utah Jazz; 1981 NBA Rookie of the Year
Lancaster Gordon (1981–84)
Pervis Ellison (1985–89) – first freshman to be named Most Outstanding Player of the NCAA Basketball Tournament; first overall pick of the 1989 NBA Draft
Clifford Rozier (1991–94)
DeJuan Wheat (1994–97)
Reece Gaines (2000–03)
Francisco García (2003–05) – led team to 2005 Final Four; former member of Sacramento Kings; member of the Houston Rockets
Terrence Williams (2005–09) – led team to back to back Elite 8s; former member of Houston Rockets; member of the Boston Celtics
Women's basketball
Angel McCoughtry (2005–09) – Big East Player of the Year and All-American in 2007, 2008, and 2009; led the Cardinals to the 2009 NCAA final; first overall pick in the 2009 WNBA Draft by the Atlanta Dream; 2009 Rookie of the Year
Shoni Schimmel (2010–14) – led the Cardinals to the 2013 NCAA final; chosen eighth overall in the 2014 WNBA Draft by the Dream
Baseball
Adam Duvall – MLB player for the Atlanta Braves and formerly the San Francisco Giants and Cincinnati Reds; 2016 All-Star and 2016 Home Run Derby participant
Chad Green – MLB pitcher, New York Yankees
Sean Green (1997–2000) – former MLB pitcher
Jarred Kelenic - MLB outfielder, Seattle Mariners.
Brendan McKay (2014–2017) – first baseman and pitcher, Tampa Bay Rays; consensus national college player of the year in 2017
Will Smith - MLB catcher, Los Angeles Dodgers
Nick Solak - MLB infielder, Texas Rangers
Logan Wyatt - MLB first baseman, San Francisco Giants.
Track and field
Tone Belt (2005–present) – won the 2007 NCAA indoor long jump national title, UofL's first-ever track national title in track and field
Andre Black (2005–present) – won the 2007 NCAA indoor triple jump national title, UofL's second-ever national title in track and field
Kelley Bowman (2002–06) – two-time All-American high jumper; finished 3rd in nation in the high jump at 2006 NCAA National Championships with a UofL record of 6 feet, 1.25 inches; holds Kentucky high school girls' record (5 feet, 10.5 inches); won four consecutive KY state titles at Berea High School; had 4th best jump in the nation in 2000
Wesley Korir (2006–08) – multiple All-America in distance running; winner of the 2012 Boston Marathon; member of the Kenyan Parliament, 2013–2017
Other sports
Scott Harrington – Indy car race driver, 1999 Indycar Rookie of the Year
Shannon Smyth (2005–08) – Republic of Ireland international soccer player
Adam Hadwin (2009) -- PGA Golfer, winner of 2017 Valspar Championship
List of presidents of the University of Louisville
There have been 28 presidents and five interim presidents of what is (or was once a part of) the University of Louisville:
Jefferson Seminary (1813–29)
Mann Butler 1813–16
William Tompkins 1816–21
Charles M. M'Crohan 1821–25
Francis E. Goddard 1826–29
Louisville Collegiate Institute (1837–40)
Benjamin F. Farnsworth 1837–38
John Hopkins Harney 1838–40
Louisville College (1840–46)
John Hopkins Harney 1840–44
Louisville Medical Institute (1837–1846)
John Rowan 1837–42
William Garvin 1842–43
James Guthrie 1843–46
University of Louisville (post merger of LMI and LC) (1846–present)
Samuel Smith Nicholas 1846–47
James Guthrie 1847–69
Isaac Caldwell 1869–86
James Speed Pirtle 1886–05
Theodore L. Burnett 1905–11
David William Fairleigh 1911–14
Arthur Younger Ford 1914–26
George Colvin 1926–28
John Letcher Patterson 1928–29 (acting)
Raymond Asa Kent 1929–43
Einar William Jacobsen 1943–46
Frederick William Stamm 1946–47 (acting)
John Wilkinson Taylor 1947–50
Eli Huston Brown III 1950–51 (acting)
Philip Grant Davidson 1951–68
University of Louisville, as part of the Kentucky state system
Woodrow Mann Strickler 1968–72
William Ferdinand Ekstrom 1972–73 (acting)
James Grier Miller 1973–80
William Ferdinand Ekstrom 1980–81 (acting)
Donald C. Swain 1981–95
John W. Shumaker 1995–2002
Carol Garrison 2002 (acting)
James R. Ramsey 2002–16
Neville G. Pinto 2016–17 (acting)
Gregory C. Postel 2017–2018 (acting)
Neeli Bendapudi 2018–2022
Lori Stewart Gonzalez 2022-present (interim)
See also
University of Louisville
Louisville Cardinals
Louisville Cardinal's Radio Affiliates
Louisville Cardinals Conference Championships by Year
List of people from the Louisville metropolitan area
References
External links
UofL library archives list of presidents
University of Louisville people
Louisville, Kentucky-related lists |
3998681 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candace%20Vogler | Candace Vogler | Candace A. Vogler is Professor of Philosophy at the University of Chicago, and a specialist in moral philosophy, philosophy of action, and G. E. M. Anscombe.
Education and career
Vogler received her PhD in philosophy from the University of Pittsburgh in 1995, and has taught at the University of Chicago since 1994.
From 2004 to 2007 she was Co-Director of the Master of Arts Program in the Humanities at the University of Chicago.
She also sits on the Editorial Committee of the scholarly journal Public Culture and has co-edited two of its special issues, Critical Limits of Embodiment with Carol Breckenridge in 2002 and Violence and Redemption with Patchen Markell in 2003. Currently, she is editing the forthcoming Oxford Companion to John Stuart Mill.
She is a convert to the Roman Catholic Church.
In 2015, Vogler began, with co-Principal Investigator Jennifer A. Frey, the project "Virtue, Happiness, & the Meaning of Life", made possible by a $2.5-million grant from the John Templeton Foundation.
On November 11, 2019, Comment magazine published a lengthy, and very personal article by Prof. Vogler entitled "A Spiritual Autobiography," which constitutes some of her most extended autobiographical reflections in print.
Philosophical work
Vogler's specific fields of interest are ethics, feminism, action theory, and social and political philosophy, as well as sexuality and gender studies. She has special interest in English literature and literary theory, and did doctoral work in cultural studies with emphasis in 20th century French thought. Indeed, in 2000, she became one of two philosophers invited to speak at the English Institute in the seven decades of its history, the other being Stanley Cavell. She works on Karl Marx, Thomas Aquinas, John Stuart Mill, Jean-Jacques Rousseau, and Elizabeth Anscombe. She has emphasized the importance of a liberal arts education at the undergraduate level in various lectures, believing it extremely important that students learn critical thinking skills in college.
She is the author of John Stuart Mill's Deliberative Landscape: An Essay in Moral Psychology, published by Routledge in 2001, and Reasonably Vicious, published by Harvard University Press in 2002.
References
Sources
Virtue, Happiness, & the Meaning of Life
Candace Vogler's webpage at The University of Chicago Department of Philosophy website
Books by Candace Vogler
Depauw University Colloquium on Liberal Education
21st-century American philosophers
American ethicists
American Roman Catholics
American women philosophers
Analytic philosophers
Converts to Roman Catholicism
Feminist philosophers
Living people
Moral psychology
Political philosophers
Catholic philosophers
University of Chicago faculty
University of Pittsburgh alumni
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American women |
3998694 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casablanca%20%28disambiguation%29 | Casablanca (disambiguation) | Casablanca ("White House" in Spanish) is a city in Morocco.
Casablanca or Casa Blanca may also refer to:
Places
United States
Casa Blanca, Arizona, a census-designated place in Arizona
Casa Blanca, California, a neighborhood in Riverside, California
Casa Blanca, New Mexico, an unincorporated community in Cibola County, New Mexico
Casa Blanca, Puerto Rico, a house museum in San Juan
Casa Blanca, Texas, an incorporated community in Texas
Casa Blanca, Starr County, Texas
Lake Casa Blanca near Laredo, Texas
Other countries
Casablanca (volcano) a volcano in southern Chile
Casablanca, Chile, a municipality in the region of Valparaiso
Casablanca Valley, a wine region in Chile
Casablanca, Havana, a suburb of Havana, Cuba
Camp Casablanca, a military base in Kosovo
Grand Casablanca, a region in Morocco which includes the city of Casablanca
Universidad Casa Blanca, a private university in Culiacán, Sinaloa, Mexico
Arts, entertainment, and media
Music
Groups and labels
Casablanca (band), a Swedish group
"Casablanca", a song by Bertie Higgins from Just Another Day in Paradise
"Casablanca", a song by Emarosa from This Is Your Way Out
"Casablanca", a song by Jessica Jay from Broken Hearted Woman
"Casablanca", a song by Markus Feehily from Fire
"Casablanca", a song by "Two Steps From Hell"
Casablanca (album), album by The Saints
Bümpliz – Casablanca, an album by Züri West
Casablanca Records, a record label
Television
Casablanca (1955 TV series), an American television series
Casablanca (1983 TV series), an American television series
"Casablanca" (Get Smart), an episode of Get Smart
Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media
Casablanca (film), a 1942 film starring Ingrid Bergman and Humphrey Bogart
Casablanca (2019 film), a 2019 Egyptian film starring Ghada Adel, Amir Karara and Eyad Nassar
Casablanca (novella), a 2006 novella based on the film
A Night in Casablanca, a 1946 film starring the Marx Brothers
Pirate Submarine, a 1951 French film originally titled Casablanca
People with the name
David Casablanca, professional soccer player
Ted Casablanca, American entertainment journalist
Ships
Casablanca-class escort carriers, ships deployed by the Allies during World War II
USS Casablanca (CVE-55)
Sports
Raja Casablanca, a Moroccan professional football club
Wydad Casablanca, a Moroccan sports club
Other uses
Casa Blanca Case, arbitrated by Louis Renault in 1909
Casablanca (beer), a Moroccan beer brand
Casablanca Conference, a 1943 conference to plan the European strategy of the Allies during World War II
Casablanca directive, a World War II Allied aerial bombing directive issued shortly after the Casablanca Conference
Casablanca Fan Company, a ceiling fan company
Casablanca Group, a defunct organization of progressive states
See also
Casabianca (disambiguation)
Casablancas, a surname
Chazablanca, an album by Chaz Jankel
José Raúl Capablanca, Cuban Chess player
White House, official residence of the U.S. President
White House (disambiguation)
Whitehouse (disambiguation) |
5391280 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaributas | Kaributas | Kaributas (Koribut, Korybut, baptized Dmitry; after 1350 – after 1404) was a son of Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and reigned in Severian Novgorod until 1393.
Kaributas was born some time after 1350 (exact date is unknown) to Algirdas of Lithuania and Uliana of Tver. Born a pagan, around 1380 he was baptised in the Orthodox rite and became the prince of Severian Novgorod. He adopted the Christian name of Dmitry and hence is sometimes referred to as Dmitry Korybut (a combination of his Slavicised Lithuanian name Kaributas and his Christian name). He appeared in politics during the Lithuanian Civil War (1381–1384) when he supported his brother Jogaila against his uncle Kęstutis and cousin Vytautas. In 1382 he began a rebellion in Severian Novgorod, engaging Kęstutis' forces so that Jogaila could attack and capture lightly guarded Vilnius, capital of the Grand Duchy. He also witnessed the Treaty of Dubysa with the Teutonic Knights.
For his service, he was awarded possessions in Navahrudak and Lida. Kaributas continued to support Jogaila: he witnessed the Union of Krewo and fought in the Lithuanian Civil War (1389–1392). After the Ostrów Agreement, he refused to recognize Vytautas' superiority and was defeated in a battle near Lida in early 1393. Kaributas was imprisoned and stripped of his possessions. However, he was soon released and given Zbarazh, Bratslav, and Vinnytsia. Severian Novgorod was given to Fedor, son of Liubartas. Kaributas appeared last in written sources in 1404 during a military campaign waged by Vytautas against the Principality of Smolensk.
Kaributas' male-line descendants included Princes Zbaraski, Wiśniowiecki and, in the Russian Empire, Woroniecki, and Nieswicki, making these families Gediminid. King of Poland and Grand Duke of Lithuania Michael Korybut Wiśniowiecki was named Korybut to foreground his agnatic descent from Kaributas.
Marriage and issue
Kaributas married Princess Anastasia, daughter of Grand Prince Oleg II of Ryazan, with whom he had three daughters and three sons.
Kaributas issue originated the Korybut coat of arms.
Helena (wife of John II "the Iron" Duke of Racibórz),
Fedor of Nesvich, Volhynia
Sigismund Korybut (a claimant to the Bohemian Crown),
Nastasia (wife of Fedor of Kashin)
Ivan
References
Gediminids
14th-century births
15th-century deaths
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown |
3998696 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three%27s%20a%20Crowd%20%28game%20show%29 | Three's a Crowd (game show) | Three's a Crowd (also known as 3's a Crowd) is an American game show originally packaged by Chuck Barris Productions. The first version aired in syndication from September 17, 1979 to February 1, 1980. The second version ran in 1999 on Game Show Network.
Syndicated version
Hosted by Jim Peck, this version's tagline was "Who knows a man better, his wife or his secretary?" It bore many similarities to Barris' The Newlywed Game. Three sets of husband-wife-secretary teams appeared, and the game started with the men answering three pointed questions, usually referencing their wives and secretaries in ways that would lead to potential marital discord.
The secretaries then were brought back to answer the same questions, followed by the wives. Whichever team — wives or secretaries — matched the men's answers more often equally split a $1,000 prize (if both teams were tied, all parties split $500). The men received an announced prize for their participation.
Broadcast history
According to Barris in his first autobiography, The Game Show King, the protests against the show—as well as the sometimes-evident lack of fun the contestants seemed to be having on it—prompted him to retreat from television production entirely.
At the time, Barris's company had four other shows on the air: revivals of both The Dating Game and The Newlywed Game, the still-running syndicated The Gong Show and its spin-off The $1.98 Beauty Show. Barris wrote that "The public backlash from Three's a Crowd not only caused the program to be canceled, but it took three other TV shows of mine with it. I went to my house in Malibu and stayed there for a year." Indeed, it was largely due to the backlash from Three's a Crowd that ratings for all of his other shows—including the still-popular The Gong Show—plummeted and were removed from the air by the start of the next television season.
The series was replaced on February 4, 1980, by a revival of the 1960s game show Camouflage, also produced by Barris. Unlike its predecessor, Camouflage was a weekly series – something that worked against it, as the weekly syndicated game show had largely gone by the wayside in favor of daily "strips" (the only other game shows not produced by Barris at this time that were still airing weekly were The Nighttime Price Is Right, which was wrapping up its final season, and Match Game PM and Joker! Joker! Joker!, both of which ran until 1981). Three's A Crowd was the last original format Barris tried; the rest of his productions were either revivals of old shows (as Camouflage and a second Barris revival of Treasure Hunt were) or his previous efforts (The Dating Game, The Newlywed Game, and The Gong Show were all revived during the 1980s).
Barris would spend the next several years holed up at home, where he would use his spare time to write a mock biography, Confessions of a Dangerous Mind, in which Barris imagined himself as an assassin for the Central Intelligence Agency during his game show career (Barris had applied for work with the CIA but abandoned that career path before entering when he broke into television). Confessions of a Dangerous Mind would later be adapted into a 2002 film of the same name.
GSN version
This version was hosted by Alan Thicke. GSN defused its remake, produced by sister company Columbia TriStar Television, markedly. The wives-secretaries pairings were replaced by pairings such as girlfriend-best friend, girlfriend-mother and such. Just as often, a woman would be the central subject with the pairings altered appropriately.
Round 1
As in the original, the middle people were asked three questions about their significant others. The significant others were asked the same questions when they returned altogether. Each time they or either one match, they get 5 points.
Round 2
The tables were turned as the significant others were asked three questions about their mate. The middle people were asked the same questions when they returned altogether. Each time either one or both significant others match, they get 10 points.
Round 3: Fast Match Round
Each middle person was given four words/phrases that may or may not relate to them. They must answer with one of three possible choices such as, "Be There", "Wouldn't Dare", "No Fair"; "I Win", "I Lose", "It's a Draw" etc. (so, in other words, choice A would be a "Yes" answer, choice B would be a "No" answer, and choice C would be a "Maybe" answer) Before they answer, each significant other must lock in their predictions to how their mates will answer. Once again each match is worth 10 points. For a possible grand total of 85 points.
Originally, the middle person makes the choice of an answer after locking in their answer; in Season 2 the person now holds the card (like in the first round) to show the answer after they locked it in.
Unlike the original, the significant others don't work as a team. The significant other with the most points at show's end won $1,000; sudden-death was played if there was a tie. The central characters, as before, received an unannounced prize for participating.
Episode Status
Most, if not all, of the original series is intact. GSN reran many episodes, including two pilots from 1978 and a third from 1979. The pilots are distinguishable from the rest of the series through a somewhat different set (a brown backdrop with green stripes behind the contestants, plus Peck's podium having a large "3" as the backdrop) and Peck himself not having the perm he sported during the series.
All episodes exist of the GSN revival.
Critical reception
In his book What Were They Thinking?: The 100 Dumbest Events in Television History, David Hofstede ranks the show at number 94. He wrote that it "offered the chance to watch a marriage dissolve on camera years before Jerry Springer", and noted that it received backlash from the United Auto Workers (UAW) and National Organization for Women (NOW).
References
American game shows
1970s American game shows
1980s American game shows
1979 American television series debuts
1980 American television series endings
1990s American game shows
2000s American game shows
1999 American television series debuts
2000 American television series endings
Game Show Network original programming
First-run syndicated television programs in the United States
Television series by Sony Pictures Television
Television series by Barris Industries
Television series created by Chuck Barris
American television series revived after cancellation |
5391288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicycle%20performance | Bicycle performance | A bicycle's performance is extraordinarily efficient. In terms of the amount of energy a person must expend to travel a given distance, cycling is calculated to be the most efficient self-powered means of transportation.
In terms of the ratio of cargo weight a bicycle can carry to total weight, it is also a most efficient means of cargo transportation.
Mechanical efficiency
From a mechanical viewpoint, up to 99% of the energy delivered by the rider into the pedals is transmitted to the wheels (clean, lubricated new chain at 400 W), although the use of gearing mechanisms reduces this by 1–7% (clean, well-lubricated derailleurs), 4–12% (chain with 3-speed hubs), or 10–20% (shaft drive with 3-speed hubs). The higher efficiencies in each range are achieved at higher power levels and in direct drive (hub gears) or with large driven cogs (derailleurs).
Energy efficiency
A human traveling on a bicycle at , using only the power required to walk, is the most energy-efficient means of human transport generally available. Air drag, which increases with the square of speed, requires increasingly higher power outputs relative to speed. A bicycle in which the rider lies in a supine position is referred to as a recumbent bicycle or, if covered in an aerodynamic fairing to achieve very low air drag, as a streamliner.
On firm, flat ground, a person requires about 60 watts to walk at . That same person on a bicycle, on the same ground, with the same power output, can travel at using an ordinary bicycle, so in these conditions the energy expenditure of cycling is one-third that of walking the same distance. Uphill and downhill speeds vary according to the slope of the incline and the effort of the rider. Uphill cycling requires more power to overcome gravity and speeds are therefore lower and heartrate is higher than during flat riding conditions. With medium effort a cyclist can pedal 8-10 km/h up a gentle incline. Riding on grass, sand, mud, or snow will also slow a rider down. Without pedaling downhill a bicycle rider can easily reach speeds of 20-40 km/h down a gentle 5% slope and speeds exceeding 50 km/h on steeper inclines.
Energy output
Active humans can produce between 1.5 Watts per kilogram of body mass (untrained), 3.0 W/kg (fit), and 6.6 W/kg (top-class male athletes). 5 W/kg is about the level reachable by the highest tier of male amateurs for longer periods. Maximum sustained power levels during one hour range from about 200 W (NASA experimental group of "healthy men") to 500 W (men's world hour record).
Energy input
The energy input to the human body is in the form of food energy, usually quantified in kilocalories [kcal] or kiloJoules [kJ=kWs]. This can be related to a certain distance travelled and to body weight, giving units such as kJ/(km∙kg). The rate of food consumption, i.e. the amount consumed during a certain period of time, is the input power. This can be measured in kcal/day or in J/s = W (1000 kcal/d ~ 48.5 W).
This input power can be determined by measuring oxygen uptake, or in the long term food consumption, assuming no change of weight. This includes the power needed just for living, called the basal metabolic rate BMR or roughly the resting metabolic rate.
The required food can also be calculated by dividing the output power by the muscle efficiency. This is 18–26%. From the example above, if a 70 kg person is cycling at 15 km/h by expending 60 W and a muscular efficiency of 20% is assumed, roughly 1 kJ/(km∙kg) extra food is required. For calculating the total food required during the trip, the BMR must first be added to the input power. If the 70 kg person is an old, short woman, her BMR could be 60 W, in all other cases a bit higher. Viewed this way the efficiency in this example is effectively halved and roughly 2 kJ/(km∙kg) total food is required.
Although this shows a large relative increase in food required for low power cycling, in practice it is hardly noticed, as the extra energy cost of an hour's cycling can be covered with 50 g nuts or chocolate. With long and fast or uphill cycling, the extra food requirement however becomes evident.
To complete the efficiency calculation, the type of food consumed determines the overall efficiency. For this the energy needed to produce, distribute and cook the food must be considered.
Typical speeds
In utility cycling there is a large variation; an elderly person on an upright roadster might do less than while a fitter or younger person could easily do twice that on the same bicycle. For cyclists in Copenhagen, the average cycling speed is .
The fitness and cadence of the rider, bicycle tire pressure and sizes, gear ratios, slope of the terrain affect the overall speed of the rider. Bicycles designed for flat urban environments may have fixed gearing or three speeds and bicycles designed for hilly terrain, hauling weight, or traveling faster have more gears.
In competitive cycling a sustainable high speed is augmented by the addition of more gears, using larger chainrings, lighter materials, aerodynamic design, and the aerodynamic effects of the peloton. The group can maintain a much higher speed over extended distance due to various cyclists taking turns at the head of the wind then dropping behind to rest. A team time trial produces the same effect.
Modern cyclists use a speedometer or cyclocomputer to measure, record, and share several variables including speed, gradient, distance, time, cadence, slope, Watts, power, temperature, GPS data, route, and even heart rate.
Cycling speed records
The highest speed officially recorded for any human-powered vehicle (HPV) on level ground and with calm winds and without external aids (such as motor pacing and wind-blocks, but including a defined amount of gravity assist) is set in 2016 by Todd Reichert in the Eta Speedbike, a streamlined recumbent bicycle. In the 1989 Race Across America, a group of HPVs crossed the United States in just 5 days. The highest speed officially recorded for a bicycle ridden in a conventional upright position under fully faired conditions was over 200 m. That record was set in 1986 by Jim Glover on a Moulton AM7 at the Human Powered Speed Championships during Expo86 World Fair in Vancouver. The fastest bicycle speed in slipstream is 296 km/h (183.9 mph), set by Denise Mueller-Korenek in 2018 on the Bonneville Salt Flats. This involved slipstreaming behind a dragster.
Cycling Speed Wobble
Dangerous steering wobble may occur at high speeds, riding with no hands on the handle bars at lower speeds, and when the front forks are weighted with panniers.
Reduction of weight and rotating mass
There has been major corporate competition to lower the weight of racing bikes in order to be faster uphill and accelerating. The UCI sets a limit of 6.8 kg on the minimum weight of bicycles to be used in sanctioned races.
Advantages of reduced mass
For cycling on the level at a constant speed, a large weight reduction saves only a negligible amount of power and it is on the contrary beneficial to add mass in the form of aerodynamic improvements. But for climbing steeply, any weight reduction can be felt directly. E.g., a reduction of 10% of the total system weight (bicycle, rider, and luggage combined) will save nearly 10% power.
A reduced mass is also directly felt when accelerating. For example, the Analytic Cycling calculator gives a time/distance advantage of 0.16 s/188 cm for a sprinter with 500 g lighter wheels. In a criterium race, if a rider has to brake entering each corner, then this is wasted as heat. For a flat criterium at 40 km/h, 1 km circuit, 4 corners per lap, 10 km/h speed loss at each corner, one hour duration, there would be 160 corner "jumps". For 90 kg rider and bike, this adds roughly one third effort compared to the same ride at a steady speed, and a mass reduction of 10% of the total system weight (bicycle, rider, and luggage combined) could thus give about a 3% advantage.
Advantages of light wheels
The mass of tires and rims must be accelerated linearly and rotationally. It can be shown that the effect of rim and tire mass of typical spoked wheels is effectively doubled.
Reducing their mass is thus especially noticeable in the case of sprints and corner "jumps" in a criterium.
Power required
Heated debates over the relative importance of weight saving and optimization of tires and aerodynamics are common in cycling. By calculating the power requirements for moving a bike and rider, one can evaluate the relative energy costs of air resistance, rolling resistance, slope resistance and acceleration.
There are well-known equations that give the power required to overcome the various resistances mainly as a function of speed:
Air drag
The power needed to overcome air drag or resistance is:
in still air, or
in a headwind,
where
is the air density, which is about 1.225 kg/m^3 at sea level and 15 deg. C.
is the speed relative to the road,
is the apparent headwind, and
is a characteristic area times its associated drag coefficient.
The concept of apparent wind is only directly applicable here if it comes from a true headwind or tailwind. Then is the scalar sum of and the headwind or the difference between and the tailwind. If this difference is negative, must be regarded as assistance rather than resistance. If however the wind has a sideways component, the apparent wind must be calculated with a vector sum and, especially if the bicycle is streamlined, the calculation of lateral and drag forces becomes more complex; a proper treatment involves considering the forces on the surfaces like the forces on sails.
The drag coefficient depends on the shape of the object and on the Reynolds number, which itself depends on . However, if is the cross sectional area, can be roughly approximated as 1 for usual cycling speeds of a rider on an upright bicycle.
Rolling resistance
The power for overcoming the tires' rolling resistances is given by:
where g is gravity, nominally 9.8 m/s^2,
and m is mass (kg).
The approximation can be used with all normal coefficients of rolling resistance . Usually this is assumed to be independent of (speed of the bicycle on the road) although it is recognized that it increases with speed. Measurements on a roller-mechanism give low-speed coefficients of 0.003 to 0.006 for a variety of tires inflated to their maximum recommended pressures, increasing about 50% at 10 m/s.
Climbing power
The vertical climbing power on slope is given by
.
This approximation approaches the real solution for small, i.e. normal grades. For extremely steep slopes such as 0.35 the approximation gives an overestimation of about 6%.
As this power is used to increase the potential energy of bike and rider, it is returned as motive power when going downhill and not lost unless the rider brakes or travels faster than desired.
Power for acceleration
The power for accelerating the bike and rider having total mass m with acceleration a and rotationally also the wheels having mass is:
The approximation is valid if is assumed to be concentrated at the rims and tires and these are not slipping. The mass of such wheels can thus be counted twice for this calculation, independent of the wheels' sizes.
As this power is used to increase the kinetic energy of bike and rider, it is returned when decelerating and not lost unless the rider brakes or travels faster than desired.
Total power
where is the mechanical efficiency of the drive train described at the beginning of this article.
Given this simplified equation, one can calculate some values of interest. For example, assuming no wind, one gets the following results for power delivered to the pedals (watts):
175 W for a 90 kg bike + rider to go 9 m/s (32 km/h or 20 mph) on the flat (76% of effort to overcome aerodynamic drag), or 2.6 m/s (9.4 km/h or 5.8 mph) on a 7% grade (2.1% of effort to overcome aerodynamic drag).
300 W for a 90 kg bike + rider at 11 m/s (40 km/h or 25 mph) on the flat (83% of effort to overcome aerodynamic drag) or 4.3 m/s (15 km/h or 9.5 mph) on a 7% grade (4.2% of effort to overcome aerodynamic drag).
165 W for a 65 kg bike + rider to go 9 m/s (32 km/h or 20 mph) on the flat (82% of effort to overcome aerodynamic drag), or 3.3 m/s (12 km/h or 7.4 mph) on a 7% grade (3.7% of effort to overcome aerodynamic drag).
285 W for a 65 kg bike + rider at 11 m/s (40 km/h or 25 mph) on the flat (87% of effort to overcome aerodynamic drag) or 5.3 m/s (19 km/h or 12 mph) on a 7% grade (6.1% of effort to overcome aerodynamic drag).
Reducing the weight of the bike + rider by 1 kg would increase speed by 0.01 m/s at 9 m/s on the flat (5 seconds in a 32 km/h (20 mph), 40-kilometre (25 mile) TT). The same reduction on a 7% grade would be worth 0.04 m/s (90 kg bike + rider) to 0.07 m/s (65 kg bike + rider). If one climbed for 1 hour, saving 1 lb would gain between and – less effect for the heavier bike + rider combination (e.g., 0.06 km/h (0.04 mph) * 1 h * /mi = ). For reference, the big climbs in the Tour de France and the Giro d'Italia have the following average grades:
Giro d'Italia
Stelvio Pass = 7.45% over 24.3 km;
Colle delle Finestre = 9.1% over 18.6 km;
Colle dell'Agnello = 6.5% over 22 km;
Passolanciano-Maielletta, also known as Blockhaus = 9.4% over 22 km;
Plan de Corones = 10% over 5.2 km;
Mortirolo = 10.4% over 12.5 km;
Monte Zoncolan = 12% over 10.1 km;
Tour de France
Tourmalet = 7%
Galibier = 7.5%
Alpe D'Huez = 8.6%
Mont Ventoux = 7.1%.
See also
Bicycle
Bicycle and motorcycle dynamics
Cycling power meter
Cyclocomputer
Outline of cycling
References
External links
Physics-based simulation of bicycle race performance
Calculate the speed and power requirements of different sprocket sizes for different Hub and Derailleur gears
Cycling |
5391305 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-3-4%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-3-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-3-4 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan was developed & passed in 2012 following the 2010 Census.
The rest of Burlington is represented by the Chittenden-3-1, Chittenden-3-2, Chittenden-3-3, Chittenden-3-5 and Chittenden-3-6 districts.
At the time of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there were a total of 150 Representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Chittenden-3-4 District had a population of 8,792 in that same census, 8.3% above the state average.
District Representatives
Kesha Ram, Democrat
Chris Pearson, Progressive
David Zuckerman, current Lieutenant Governor of Vermont, represented the district in the State House from 1997 to 2011.
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005–06 session
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2007–08 session
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
External links
Definition of the Chittenden-3-4 Districts
Detail map of the Chittenden-3-1 through Chittenden-3-10 districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics (PDF)
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Burlington, Vermont |
5391315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%20Ada%20Keynes | Florence Ada Keynes | Florence Ada Keynes (née Brown; 10 March 1861 – 13 February 1958) was an English author, historian and politician.
Career
Keynes was an early graduate of Newnham College, Cambridge where her contemporaries included the economist Mary Marshall. She subsequently became involved in local charitable work, establishing an early juvenile labour exchange, and was one of the founders of the Papworth Village Settlement for sufferers of tuberculosis, a forerunner of Papworth Hospital. She was secretary of the local Charity Organisation Society, which provided pensions for the elderly living in poverty, and worked with inmates of workhouses to resettle them into society. She encouraged women students to enter charitable work, including Eglantyne Jebb who was introduced to her by Marshall; Jebb subsequently founded Save the Children.
Cambridge Borough Council
She was the first female councillor of Cambridge City Council in August 1914, and was also a town magistrate. At 70 years of age, Keynes became Mayor of Cambridge on 9 November 1932, the second woman to hold the office. She chaired the committee responsible for the building of the new Guildhall, which was completed in 1939.
Works
Retiring from public duties in 1939, she wrote a history of Cambridge, By-Ways of Cambridge History (Cambridge University Press, 1947). In 1950 she published a memoir, Gathering up the threads (W Heffer & Son Ltd, 1950), in which she discusses her ancestors along with the childhoods of her children John Maynard, Margaret and Geoffrey.
Family
Keynes was the daughter of Rev. John Brown of Bunyan's Chapel, Bedford, and schoolteacher Ada Haydon, née Ford (1837–1929). Her brother Sir Walter Langdon-Brown was the Regius Professor of Physic (medicine) at the University of Cambridge.
She married the economist John Neville Keynes in 1882. They had a daughter and two sons:
John Maynard Keynes (1883–1946), the economist and public servant
Margaret Neville Hill (1885–1970), who in 1913 married Archibald Hill, winner of the 1922 Nobel Prize in Physiology
Geoffrey Langdon Keynes (1887–1982), a surgeon
See also
Keynes family
Papworth Hospital
References
1861 births
1958 deaths
20th-century British writers
Alumni of Newnham College, Cambridge
British women historians
Councillors in Cambridgeshire
Florence
Mayors of Cambridge
British social reformers
Women mayors of places in England
Presidents of the National Council of Women of Great Britain
20th-century English women
20th-century English people
Women councillors in England |
5391321 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spencer%20Milligan | Spencer Milligan | Spencer Milligan (born September 10, 1937) is an American actor best known for playing Rick Marshall, the father of Will and Holly Marshall, on the first two seasons of the 1970s children science fiction TV series, Land of the Lost.
Acting career
Milligan left the show after the second season. It was widely believed by fans that he left because of a "salary dispute." In fact, Milligan wanted his share of merchandising royalties that the show generated. In a 2009 interview with the Associated Press, Milligan elaborated: On the show, Milligan's character Rick Marshall was replaced by his brother, Jack Marshall, played by actor Ron Harper. Milligan did not return for the brief scene at the beginning of "After-Shock," the first episode of the third season. This scene, which was also used in the opening credits of the third season, showed Rick Marshall being transported out of the Land of the Lost. Jon Kubichan, who both wrote and produced the episode, played the role instead, wearing a wig resembling Milligan's hair and standing with his back to the camera.
Although Spencer Milligan made various guest-starring roles on TV in the 1970s, his career cooled in the 1980s. During the 1980s Milligan lived in Malibu. He settled in the Dallas-Fort Worth Metroplex area in the 1990s, where he taught acting at Adam Roarke's Film Actors Lab (where Lou Diamond Phillips studied). One of Milligan's students was actor Benton Jennings. Milligan eventually moved back to his family's home in Wisconsin. His last known acting performance was in 1987, when he appeared on General Hospital.
In addition to teaching acting, Milligan has directed local plays.
Partial filmography
References
External links
People from Fort Worth, Texas
American male television actors
Place of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century American male actors
1937 births |
5391326 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WYGN-LD | WYGN-LD | WYGN-LD, virtual and VHF digital channel 10, is a low-powered 3ABN-affiliated television station licensed to Berrien Springs, Michigan, United States. The station is owned by Good News Television.
History
WYGN originally signed on July 22, 1988 in South Bend, Indiana as W12BK on channel 12, a low-power repeater of WCIU-TV, the former Telemundo affiliate which became a Univision affiliate in 1989, and then became an English-language Independent station in Chicago, Illinois at the end of 1994. It would switch to being a low-power repeater of WBND-LP, the ABC affiliate in South Bend on May 26, 1996, and that the license would move to Berrien Springs, Michigan that same year. On March 14, 2002, the station was transferred to its current owner, Good News Television, who had previously been broadcasting 3ABN programming on the now-WCWW-LD channel 25 in South Bend.
One of the board members of Good News Television, Dr. Robert Moon, is also the treasurer of the Raymond S. and Dorothy N. Moore Foundation, which owns another 3ABN affiliate, W07CL.
In January 2007, WYGN-LP was granted a construction permit for a digital companion channel on Channel 10. The FCC granted a license to operate on Channel 10 on July 1, 2009.
Digital television
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
References
External links
YGN-LD
Three Angels Broadcasting Network
Low-power television stations in the United States
Television channels and stations established in 1988
1988 establishments in Indiana |
5391328 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manns%20Beach%2C%20Victoria | Manns Beach, Victoria | Manns Beach is a small community based near Port Albert, Victoria, Australia. It contains lavatory facilities, jetty and boat ramp that provides boating access to the water body. The waterbody mouths into offshore waters of Bass Strait. At the 2006 census, Manns Beach had a population of 135.
Notes and references
Beaches of Victoria (Australia)
Towns in Victoria (Australia)
Towns in Gippsland
Shire of Wellington |
5391338 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thel%20%28opera%29 | Thel (opera) | Thel or The Lamentations of Thel ( or – ) is a chamber opera in four scenes with a prologue by the Russian composer Dmitri N. Smirnov to his own libretto in English after William Blake. It was composed in 1985–1986, and was also translated to Russian.
Subject and creation history
The opera was composed during 1985-1986 in Moscow and Ruza. It is a sequel to another opera based on Blake, Tiriel (1985). The libretto is based on the very early poem by Blake, "The Book of Thel" (1789), in which he presented part of his immense mythology. Thel, so-called from the Greek word meaning "desire" or "will", is young girl complaining on her future death. There are points of dialogue between two works. And they are interconnected through the common idea of search for a meaning to life, through the place where the action is set, the Valleys of Har – a creation of Blake’s imagination – and also through the similarity of the music material. In the first instance, however, we are dealing with a dramatic tragedy, an illustration of the forces of evil, which brings death and destruction to the world, whereas in the second we have an intimate and lyrical parable-pastoral.
Performance history
World premiere: 9 June 1989, Almeida Theatre, London.
Director: Annabel Arden
Designer: Willow Winston
Soprano: Jane W Davidson
Contralto: Lore Lixemberg
Countertenor: Andrew Watts
Conductor: Jeremy Arden
Company: Théâtre de Complicité
Second staging: 29 May 1993, Ballroom Student’s Union, Keele University, Staffordshire.
Director and soprano: Jane Davidson;
Conductor: Rahmil Fishman
Roles
Thel – soprano
Clod of Clay – contralto
Lily of the Valley – Boy or girl soprano
Cloud – countertenor (or soprano)
Worm – Mime
Ghosts – Mixed chamber choir (SATB)
Time and Place: The Vales of Har, the Places of the Dead
Duration: 52 minutes
Synopsis
Scene I. The daughters of Mne Seraphim are all shepherdesses in the Vales of Har, apart from the youngest, Thel. She spends her time wandering on her own, trying to find the answer to the question that torments her: why does the springtime of life inevitably fade so that all things must end? She meets the Lily of the Valley who tries to comfort her. When Thel remains uncomforted, the Lily sends her on to ask the Cloud.
Scene II. The Cloud explains that he is part of a natural process and, although he sometimes disappears, he is never gone forever. Thel replies that she is not like the Cloud and when she disappears she will not return. So the Cloud suggests asking the same question of the Worm.
Scene III. The Worm is still a child and cannot answer. Instead it is the Worm’s mother, the Clod of Clay, who answers. The Clod explains that we do not live for ourselves, but for others. She invites Thel to enter into her underground realm and see the places of the dead where Thel herself will one day reside.
Scene IV. Once there, at the places of the dead, however, Thel is assailed by mysterious voices asking a whole series of yet more terrible questions of existence. Uttering a shriek, she flees back to her home in the Vales of Har.
Scoring
Singers: soprano, boy (or girl) soprano, countertenor, contralto, mime artist, mixed chamber choir
Orchestra: flute (piccolo), oboe, clarinet, bassoon, French horn, trumpet, trombone, 2 percussion players (timpani, jingle bells, triangle, suspended cymbal, gong, bass drum, tam-tam, glockenspiel, tubular bells, xylophone, vibraphone) celesta, harp, 2 violins, viola, violoncello, double bass.
Publishers
Boosey & Hawkes, London (for the UK, British Commonwealth (excluding Canada) and the Republic of Ireland)
Internationale Musikverlage Hans Sikorski, Hamburg.
Quotations
"The simple opposition between Tiriel, an enraged and exhausted old man, and Thel, a child from the Songs of Innocence has allowed Smirnov to create a pair of works quite different but complementary" (Gerard McBurney)
External links
Text of Blake’s poem
Boosey & Hawkes
Thel, opera
Review
Chamber operas
Russian opera
English-language operas
Operas
Operas by Dmitri Smirnov
1989 operas |
5391339 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Eye%20%28novel%29 | The Eye (novel) | The Eye (, Sogliadatai, literally 'voyeur' or 'peeper'), written in 1930, is Vladimir Nabokov's fourth novel. It was translated into English by the author's son Dmitri Nabokov in 1965.
At around 80 pages, The Eye is Nabokov's shortest novel. Nabokov himself referred to it as a 'little novel' and it is a work that sits somewhere around the boundary between extended short story and novella. It was produced during a hiatus in Nabokov's creation of short stories between 1927 and 1930 as a result of his growing success as a novelist.
As in many of Nabokov's early works, the characters are largely Russian émigrés relocated to Europe, specifically Berlin. In this case, the novel is set in two houses where a young Russian tutor, Smurov, is renting room and board.
Plot summary
The action of the novel largely begins after the (perhaps fatal) suicide attempt of the protagonist. This occurs after he suffers a beating at the hands of a cuckolded husband (the protagonist has been having an affair with a woman called Matilda with whom he has also, apparently, been rather bored). After his supposed death, and assuming everything in the world around him to be a manifestation of his 'leftover' imagination, his "eye" observes a group of Russian émigrés as he tries to ascertain their opinions of the character Smurov, around whom much uncertainty and suspicion exists.
Themes
The novel deals largely with indeterminate locus of identity and the social construction of identity in the reactions and opinions of others. Smurov exists as a fraud, nobleman, scoundrel, "sexual adventurer", thief, and spy in the eyes of the various characters. In some senses, Smurov is akin to the narrator of Dostoevsky's Notes from Underground. As the protagonist carefully collects these observations, he attempts to build a stable perspective on Smurov — whom we only belatedly discover is the narrator himself. The result is a meditation on the relationship between subjectivity and objectivity.
The work is the first one in Nabokov's oeuvre involving a first-person narrator and, specifically, one who imposes his fantasy world upon the real world. This was to be a structure that was developed further in later works such as Despair (1934), Pale Fire (1962) and his final novel, Look at the Harlequins! (1974). In a 1967 interview with Alfred Appel Jr, Nabokov retrospectively suggested that the work might have represented a turning-point in his career in this respect.
References
External links
A brief bibliography and summary of The Eye at Zembla.
Novels by Vladimir Nabokov
1965 American novels
1930 Russian novels
American novellas
Russian novellas
Fiction with unreliable narrators |
5391341 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincent%20Otti | Vincent Otti | Vincent Otti (c. 1946 – 2 October 2007) was a Ugandan rebel who served as deputy-leader of the Lord's Resistance Army (LRA), a rebel guerrilla army operating mainly in northern Uganda and southern Sudan. He was one of the five persons for whom the International Criminal Court (ICC) issued its first arrest warrants on 8 July 2005. Rumours of his death began to circulate in October 2007 but were not confirmed until January 2008.
Early life
Otti was born around 1946 in the Atiak sub-county of Gulu District, Uganda, and his parents died when he was young. He was working as a shopkeeper in Kampala when he joined the Lord's Resistance Army in 1987.
Lord's Resistance Army
Vincent Otti joined the Lord's Resistance Army when it was founded in 1987. He rose to the rank of Lieutenant General and became the LRA's vice-chairman, second in command to Joseph Kony. He was reportedly a member of the "Control Altar", the core leadership group that devises the LRA's strategy.
In 1994, the LRA attacked Atiak, Otti's home town, killing more than 200 people. Otti's brothers reportedly fled the village after the family was accused of breeding a "killer". He is alleged to have led the Barlonyo massacre in February 2004, during which more than 300 villagers were shot, hacked and burned to death.
During the Juba peace talks, which began in July 2006, Otti emerged as the chief spokesperson for the LRA. According to LRA defector Sunday Otto, Otti was also the LRA's leading advocate of joining the peace talks. Otti's push to negotiate an end of the conflict led to tension with Kony and a growing split in the LRA.
Indictment by the ICC
On 8 July 2005, a Pre-Trial Chamber of the International Criminal Court found that there were reasonable grounds to believe that Otti had committed war crimes and crimes against humanity, and issued a sealed warrant for his arrest. He was charged with 21 counts of war crimes (including murder, pillaging, inducing rape, forced enlisting of children, intentionally directing an attack against a civilian population, and cruel treatment of civilians) and 11 counts of crimes against humanity (including murder, sexual enslavement, and inhumane acts of inflicting serious bodily injury and suffering).
Death
In October 2007, sources in the Ugandan military reported that "Otti was killed on or around 8 October 2007 during a high command meeting that Kony convened at his base camp in Garamba", following a disagreement with Kony over the peace process. LRA defector Sunday Otto, who claims to have been present during the execution, states that Otti was killed on 2 October, along with two other officers, and that Otti was the impetus behind the negotiations for peace, a view that is supported by the late conservationist Lawrence Anthony in his book The Last Rhinos (2012). Anthony writes that a few days before Otti was killed, Anthony had visited Otti in the bush to firm up an agreement that Anthony would help communicate the LRA's case at the 2005 round of peace talks, in exchange for the LRA's protection of endangered rhino species in the Congo. LRA spokesperson Martin Ojul has repeatedly denied that Otti was executed and claimed that Otti was simply suffering from cholera. On 7 November 2007, Kony told Gulu district chairman Norbert Mao that Otti was alive and had been detained for plotting to kill Kony and "conspiring with the enemies of the LRA". Kony also stated that Otti would not be allowed to speak with anyone until the LRA decided it was appropriate.
The President of Southern Sudan, Salva Kiir Mayardit, said on 7 November 2007 that Otti's status remained unclear. The government of Southern Sudan has sent a team to the Congolese border to investigate Otti's fate.
The government newspaper New Vision reported on 22 November, based on statements from LRA defectors, that Otti had been executed by firing squad, along with "many others", on 2 October. Defectors said that he had asked Kony to allow him to speak to his son before his execution. "To strengthen Kony's spirit", Otti's body was said to not have been buried for three days after his death. Defectors also claimed Otti had been killed because of his enthusiasm for peace, thus raising questions about Kony's commitment to the peace negotiations. On 21 December 2007 a diplomatic briefing claimed that Otti was executed on 2 October 2007 at Kony's home. According to this account, when Otti arrived there he found that the home was surrounded by Kony's guards, and before entering he made a phone call to Kony due to his concern about this, but was reassured by Kony. Inside the house, however, LRA commanders held Otti at gunpoint and told him that he was arrested; he was then bound, blindfolded and taken outside, where he was shot, despite his pleas for mercy. Kony subsequently claimed that Otti had received foreign funds and was trying to kill him. On 23 January 2008, Kony confirmed that Otti was dead, but did not offer any details.
Notes and references
External links
Interview with Vincent Otti, LRA second in command, IRIN, June 2007
Vincent Otti on Interpol`s List of Wanted Persons
Lord's Resistance Army rebels
Fugitives wanted by the International Criminal Court
People indicted for crimes against humanity
People indicted for war crimes
2007 deaths
Year of birth uncertain |
5391345 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20Somerville | Greg Somerville | Greg Mardon Somerville is a New Zealand rugby union player. He is a former All Black and a specialised tighthead prop who can also play loosehead. Somerville made his All Black debut in 2000 against Tonga, a match in which the All Blacks won 102–0. Somerville went 41 test matches before scoring his first, and only test try against Fiji in 2005. Somerville played domestic rugby for Canterbury Rugby Football Union and for the Crusaders in the Super Rugby competition, having played 100 matches for the latter after debuting against the Chiefs in 1999. Somerville's nickname is Yoda, after the fictional character from Star Wars due to their resemblance.
Somerville left New Zealand in late 2008, having signed a two-and-a-half-year deal with the Guinness Premiership team Gloucester. In 2010 he left Gloucester for the Melbourne Rebels, with whom he spent the 2011 season before retiring.
Somerville's sporting hero is Buck Shelford, who, he says, "was a tremendous leader for the All Blacks and an outstanding front-rower."
Other
Played 42 matches for New Zealand before scoring his first try against Fiji in 2005. This was an All Blacks record at the time for the most matches before scoring a point.
Played in six RWC 2003 matches.
Played a leadership role for the Melbourne Rebels in the 2011 Super Rugby season.
References
Sources
SA Sports Illustrated. "My Hero: Four All Black rugby players reveal their sport heroes." October 2008: 35.
External links
1977 births
New Zealand international rugby union players
Canterbury rugby union players
Crusaders (rugby union) players
Living people
New Zealand rugby union players
Rugby union props
Melbourne Rebels players
People from Wairoa
Gloucester Rugby players
Expatriate rugby union players in England
Expatriate rugby union players in Australia
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in England
New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Australia
New Zealand expatriate rugby union players
Rugby union players from the Hawke's Bay Region |
5391359 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruan%20Pienaar | Ruan Pienaar | Ruan Pienaar (born 10 March 1984) is a South African professional rugby union player who currently plays either as a scrum-half or as a fly-half for the in the Currie Cup.
Pienaar is the son of former Springbok fullback Gysie Pienaar. Ruan is regarded as a very skilful rugby player. Besides being able to pass well, he can kick with both feet, and his vision and running style moved former Springbok coach Jake White to compare him with Australian fly-half Stephen Larkham.
Pienaar has been part of u19 (2003), u21 (2005) and senior Rugby World Cup (2007) winning squads. He also won the Currie Cup in 2008 and 2019.
International career
Pienaar made his debut for the Springboks in the 2006 Tri-Nations against New Zealand and was a member of the successful 2007 World Cup squad. As he did not play club rugby in South Africa since June 2010 it seemed unlikely that he would be called up again to play for the national team. SARU has a policy of selecting foreign based players in exceptional circumstances only. However, on 20 June 2011 it was reported that Pienaar had been named in South Africa's 49-Man World Cup preliminary training squad. Pienaar has been an ever present in South Africa squads ever since.
Club career
South Africa
Pienaar played his high school rugby in Bloemfontein, where he attended Grey College. He was selected for the Free State Craven Week side in 2002.
Pienaar played for in the Currie Cup, the Sharks in Super Rugby prior to joining Ulster.
Ulster
Ulster announced on 27 May 2010 that they had signed Pienaar on a two-year contract. Pienaar would play in the Celtic League and Heineken Cup along with fellow Springboks Johann Muller, Robbie Diack, Pedrie Wannenburg and BJ Botha at the Belfast based side. He made his Magners League debut on 1 October, scoring all of Ulster's 19 points in their victory over Glasgow Warriors. Pienaar was named at scrum half in the Magners League Team of the Year for the 2010/11 season and also scooped the Magners League player of the Year award which was voted for by his peers.
Pienaar signed a two-year extension to his Ulster contract during this time. Pienaar was again selected at scrum half for the Pro12 Dream Team for the 2011/12 season and was also named captain of the side. In 2012 Pienaar played in the Heineken Cup Final, scoring 9 points in the 42–14 defeat to Leinster. In 2013 he played in the Pro 12 Final, scoring all of Ulster's 18 points in the 24–18 loss to Leinster.
In October 2013 despite strong media reports linking him with Toulon, Pienaar signed a new 3-year extension to his Ulster contract keeping him in Belfast until the end of the 2016/17 season. No further contracts were offered due to the IRFU succession policy, limiting all four of the provinces to one foreign player per position. Pienaar's position at Ulster was untenable once Leinster signed a half back from New Zealand. He left the club as one of its most celebrated players of the professional era.
Later career
Pienaar played for Montpellier during the 2017/18 season before returning home to South Africa in 2019, signing with Pro14 outfit the Cheetahs where he also played Currie Cup. Prior to the inaugural United Rugby Championship, Pienaar was loaned to the Sharks for the 2021/22 season as part of work carried out to ensure as many of the best South African players were playing for the South African teams in the tournament as possible.
Personal life
Pienaar is a devout Christian, saying “I have always believed, with my Christianity, that there’s so much more to life than rugby,” and “Being here gives me an enormous sense of purpose. I am not just here for rugby, I’m here to touch lives.” He is the co-founder of a Bible study group for rugby players in South Africa. While playing for Ulster he regularly attended the Christian Fellowship Church on Belmont Road in Belfast.
Notes
References
External links
Profile with the Sharks
1984 births
Living people
Afrikaner people
South African Christians
South African rugby union players
South Africa international rugby union players
Rugby union scrum-halves
Alumni of Grey College, Bloemfontein
Rugby union players from Bloemfontein
Sharks (rugby union) players
Sharks (Currie Cup) players
Ulster Rugby players
South African expatriate rugby union players
South African expatriate sportspeople in the United Kingdom
Expatriate rugby union players in Ireland
Montpellier Hérault Rugby players
Free State Cheetahs players
Cheetahs (rugby union) players |
3998712 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20French%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles | 2004 French Open – Women's singles | Anastasia Myskina defeated Elena Dementieva in the final, 6–1, 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2004 French Open. It was her maiden major singles title, and she became the first Russian woman to win a major; she had previously never passed the second round at majors. Myskina became the first woman in the Open Era to win the French Open after saving a match point, doing so in the fourth round against Svetlana Kuznetsova. This marked the first time two maiden major finalists contested a final since the 1979 Australian Open. The final also made Russia the fourth country in the Open Era (following Australia, the United States, and Belgium) to have two countrywomen contest a major final.
Justine Henin-Hardenne was the defending champion, but lost in the second round to Tathiana Garbin. This was her only loss at the French Open between 2003 and 2007.
This marked the first major in which future two-time French Open champion Maria Sharapova reached the quarterfinals.
Martina Navratilova played in her first major since 1994, being unseeded for the first time since the 1973 US Open. Awarded a wild card, it was her final French Open singles appearance; she lost in the first round to Gisela Dulko.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
Championship match statistics
References
External links
2004 French Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's Singles
French Open by year – Women's singles
French Open - Women's Singles
2004 in women's tennis
2004 in French women's sport |
5391362 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tristychius | Tristychius | Tristychius (from , 'three' and 'row') is an extinct genus of shark from the Carboniferous period (Visean). Fossils of T. arcuatus, the type and only species, including fin spines have been found in Scotland.
Tristychius was a small shark, about long. It had a well-developed upturned caudal fin, similar to that of many modern sharks. Physically it may have resembled a modern dogfish. Tristychius also had spikes attached to the bases of its dorsal fins, probably for protection against predators.
References
Fossil taxa described in 1837
Carboniferous sharks
Carboniferous fish of Europe
Taxa named by Louis Agassiz |
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