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3997187 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Earle | Jack Earle | Jacob Rheuben Erlich (July 3, 1906 – July 18, 1952), professionally credited as Jack Earle, was an American silent film actor and sideshow performer. Due to acromegalic gigantism, Earle was one of the world's tallest humans at the time of his death, standing at 8’6.5”. For 14 years, he traveled with Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus, then became a salesman. He is referenced in Tom Waits's song "Get Behind The Mule".
Early life
He was born in Denver, Colorado, in 1906, the son of Polish Jewish immigrants. He was born at a weight of less than four pounds. Jacob was small for his age, until he reached his seventh birthday. By the time he was ten, he was over six feet tall. His family lived in El Paso, Texas at this time and the locals nicknamed him "Pecos Bill" (a title he used for over twenty years.)
Because of his intimidating height, he would avoid people by walking the alleys on his way to school so he could hide if he encountered anyone (for fear of frightening them).
Career
Acting
When he was thirteen, he and his father made a trip to Los Angeles. Over seven feet tall at the time, he attracted the attention of Century Comedies, a motion picture production company. Jerry Ash and Zion Meyers offered him a job in the movies. He convinced his father that this was a good opportunity, and he was allowed to stay. Jacob took the screen name Jack Earle when he started working in the silent film industry, where he appeared in many movies.
He appeared in films like Hansel and Gretel in 1923 and Jack and the Beanstalk in 1924.
Over the next few years he found himself busy in the movie making business, and going to school.
His movie career came to an end when during filming he fell from the scaffolding. He broke his nose and was hospitalized. While in the hospital, his eyesight became blurry and within days he lost his sight completely. As his doctor examined him, he found a pituitary tumor. The tumor had pushed up against his optic nerve during the fall. For the next four months, Earle underwent X-ray treatments. His eyesight returned, although it has been speculated that the treatment may have stopped his growth. At the time of his hospitalization he was 8 ft 6 1/2in tall.
Sideshow performer
While touring El Paso, Texas, Ringling Bros. offered Earle a one-year contract, which turned into fourteen years of employment. During his time with the Ringling Bros., Earle met most of the giants who lived during his lifetime.
He stayed with the circus until the late thirties or early forties. He was tired of the routine and decided to leave the business. Undecided about his future, he decided to lay the "Pecos Bill" persona to rest and he returned to California.
Later years
He went on to become a Roma Wine Company salesman, working his way up to becoming their public relations specialist.
In addition, Earle was a talented artist and worked in a variety of media, including painting, sculpture, photography, and poetry. He was published in a book entitled The Long Shadows, and on November 4, 1950, the Saturday Evening Post ran an article titled Life of Giant Jack Earle.
He died in El Paso, Texas, aged 46.
References
External links
Jack Earle in archived footage from 1931 that proves his height in The British Pathé http://www.britishpathe.com/video/queer-and-quaint
1906 births
1952 deaths
American people of Polish-Jewish descent
American male silent film actors
Jewish American actors
Sideshow performers
People with gigantism
People with acromegaly
Male actors from Denver
Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus people
20th-century American male actors
Male actors from El Paso, Texas
20th-century American Jews |
5390502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Havre%20tramway | Le Havre tramway | Le Havre tramway () is a modern two-line tram system in the city of Le Havre in Normandy, France. The modern tramway opened on 12 December 2012.
Le Havre also had a first-generation tramway that was operated by Compagnie des Tramways Électriques du Havre (Electric Tramways Company of Le Havre), which opened in 1894. This historical tramway closed in 1957, and was replaced by trolleybuses as the main mode of public transport in Le Havre.
History
Le Havre's original tramway
It is in 1832 that the first organised collective service began. An omnibus service between the Musée and the Octroi de Rouen (Boulevard de Graville). By 1860, the town was served by two lines.
In 1872, a Belgian businessman presented a tramway project to the municipal council. After authorisation was given, construction began with the first horse-drawn tramway opening on 1 February 1874 between Musée and the Barrière d’Or (Octroi de Rouen). A second line opened on the 15th of the same month between the town hall and the Rond-Point. Le Havre was the fourth city in France to possess a tramway network after Paris, Lille and Nancy.
The network of lines spread over the city of Le Havre and its neighbouring suburbs. The tramway lines all led to Le Havre Station and the town hall.
The company operated a fleet of single car trams.
Operations were severely disrupted after the bombardments of 1944, but the 7 lines were reopened as soon as the end of 1946.
Trolleybuses in Le Havre
On 1 August 1947, line 8 (Gare - Hallates) closed to let trolleybus takeover. On 5 May 1951, line 6 (Gare - Bléville), then on 14 August 1957 line 5 (Gare - La Hêtraie) were also converted to trolleybus operation.
Secondhand Vétra CS60 and new VBRh formed the bulk of the trolleybus network. In 1960, four Chausson-Vétra APV trolleybuses were introduced. In the following years, the CGFT acquired more rolling stock from other networks, in Marseille and Strasbourg.
Closing of Le Havre's original system
In Le Havre as well as in cities across France, increase in car transport encouraged Le Havre city council to set up one-way streets. The tramway and trolleybus operator was faced with a large bill to extend its network further into the suburbs and so decided to replace all its overhead vehicles with motor buses on 28 December 1970.
New tramway
Consultation
From mid-November 2006 to the end of the March 2007, a survey of inhabitants living in the Le Havre metropolitan area was conducted about a proposal to construct a new bus lane. Following the survey, an information campaign was launched.
On 13 March 2007, the deliberations of elected representatives from CODAH lead to a consensus on a certain number of key points.
Concerning the infrastructure, the construction of a new tunnel was earmarked to the east of the existing road Tunnel Jenner to guarantee a link between the upper and the lower parts of the city. The layout of the route was designed in a 'Y' shape, with the possibility of moving the terminus of the line to the upper part of the city.
Following the various inquiries, it was apparent that residents wanted a mode of transport that was frequent, efficient, comfortable and large. On 2 May, CODAH launched a call for tenders to construct the new network. On 10 July, the railway option was selected.
Structural axis
The layout is designed to encompass a large population base. It connects hubs like the beach, the city hall, railway station and major population areas of Caucriauville and Mont Gaillard, in the upper city.
The introduction of the tramway to the suburbs in the upper city coincides with a major redevelopment scheme to deprived areas of the city. In October 2004 the National Agency for Urban Renewal (ANRU) signed with the municipality of Le Havre the first agreement to finance the rehabilitation of these areas. This finance agreement provides more than 340 million euros for the housing estates in the northern districts, where about 41,000 people reside. The development extends the budget for the Grand Projet de Ville (GPV) for the demolition and rebuilding of more than 1,700 homes.
The tramway also plays an important role in linking the upper town with the lower town and offers an alternative form of urban transport. Nearly 90,000 inhabitants live less than five minutes from a station, of which 16,000 are pupils and students. The entire line has been designed logically to allow interconnection with other modes of transport such as the train station or the park and ride at Octeville, as well as with the all existing bus lines run by CODAH (LiA network), and the railway lines to other parts of the Haute-Normandie region such as Yvetot and Rouen, and beyond to Paris.
The entire route is lined with 2,300 trees, 17,000 shrubs and 50,000 various plants.
Construction
Surveying of the ground began on 1 September 2008. In February 2009, the definitive route of the new tramway was known, as well as the plans for the proposed layout. In 2010, the first preparatory works began, diverting gas and water pipes. The estimated date that the tramway would start operating was December 2012. Meanwhile, the bus network was restructured to offer a better service to the areas not provided by the new tramway.
In October, a new website was launched, providing updates on the progress of the project, and included a virtual journey.
A team of 8 tramway ambassadors was put together in order to reassure and update residents and shopkeepers on the progress of the construction.
Changes to road routes
In order to ensure the best circulation of traffic during the construction of the tramway lines, changes were made between June and September 2009 to the layout of the route from the Boulevard Francois I to the Chaussée Georges Pompidou. The changes included: the installation of traffic lights; the removal of the roundabout at the junction of Boulevard Francois I and Chaussée Kennedy; the widening of lanes on the Quai de Southampton, Quai de l'Île and the Quai de Casimir Delavigne and a one-way layout on the Chausée Georges Pompidou. In addition, cycle lanes and pedestrian crossings were added.
The new tunnel
The main project of the construction of the new tramway was the tunnel. It is more than 500 metres long, built east of the existing tunnel Jenner and entirely reserved for the new tramway. The drilling was completed in November 2011.
The mairie of Le Havre was responsible for all planning work necessary: layout of the road and surrounding area; diversion of underground networks; and access to the new tunnel.
Stations
The construction of the stations began in May 2012. The installation was carried out by Clear Channel Communications. Over three days, it took place in several stages. The construction of the platforms was specially designed to meet the demands of disabled people (with wheelchair access) and the visually impaired with the installation of tactile paving.
Costs
The total cost of the construction of the tramway was €395 million. Funding came from three sources: CODAH provided €237 million; state and local authorities from the region Haute-Normandie and the département Seine-Maritime provided €90.85 million; business in the Le Havre metropolitan area, through a transport tax, provided €67.15 million.
Network
The network consists of two standard gauge lines of a total length of 13 km and 23 stations. It is electrified through an overhead contact line of 750 V. The tram runs on a flat piece of land surrounded by grass on the Avenue Foch, the Boulevard de Strasbourg and the Avenue Bois au Coq.
The Lines
The section shared by lines A and B part depart from the beach towards the train station, along the Boulevard de Strasbourg, the Hôtel de Ville, the Sous-préfecture et the Palais de Justice, then along the Cours de la République and the new tunnel.
The line then splits in two:
Line A towards Mont-Gaillard (near the airport and the new hospital) ;
Line B towards Caucriauville (replacing the former bus route 8 which used bendy buses).
Expansion
Even before the first two lines were constructed, in 2008 a third line was envisaged, to serve the south of the city. As with the first two lines, it would coincide with a redevelopment project. The proposed Line C would follow the same route as the bus route 3 from the bus station to Stade Océane. It would connect from Lines A and B via the 'Gares', which also connects the train and bus stations.
Rolling stock
The rolling stock comprises 22 Alstom Citatdis 302 tram cars. The deal was announced in July 2007 and was worth more than €54 million. The first tram car arrived at the maintenance centre in February 2012, ten months before the official opening.
Fares
LiA offers a variety of tickets and passes, depending on the length and frequency of the journey. The tickets can be bought at ticket machines which are located at every tram stop. In addition, the tickets are valid to use on the entire bus network in the Le Havre metropolitan area. A ticket that is bought on a bus, via the bus driver, is an additional method of buying a ticket that is valid for use on the tramway network. When boarding the tram, the ticket must be validated.
Single trip and day tickets
A 1-hour ticket (titre 1 heure) is the cheapest ticket available. The ticket is valid for any and all journeys up to 1 hour. Multiple tickets, each lasting 1 hour, can be bought in tens (10 titres 1 heure). Alternatively, a day ticket (titre journée) can be bought and can be used indefinitely for the entire day from the first time it is validated.
Weekly, monthly and annual passes
Weekly, monthly or annual subscriptions are also available. Discounts are available for children, students, other young people and employees.
Traffic
In 2014, there were 643,669 travellers on the entire Le Havre public transport network. For the tramway, this represented an increase of 20%.
Network map
See also
Trams in France
List of town tramway systems in France
References
External links
Le réseau de transport en commun de l'agglomération havtaise (Transport LIA) – official website
Trolleybuses of Le Havre
History of Le Havre (incl. trolleybuses)
Le Havre
Transport in Normandy
Le Havre |
5390516 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pougny | Pougny | Pougny is the name of several communes in France:
Pougny, Ain
Pougny, Nièvre
Besides, Pougny is the surname of the Russian-French painter Ivan Puni (Jean Pougny, 1892–1956), that he has adopted after his emigration to France in 1923–1924. |
5390519 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/3rd%20Station | 3rd Station | is the third album by solo singer and former Morning Musume and Petit Moni member Maki Goto.
This album was released on February 23, 2005 and features several songs with different versions from the originals. "Watarasebashi" is a cover version of Chisato Moritaka's song, also covered by fellow Hello! Project member Aya Matsuura and the "Goto Version" of "Renai Sentai Shitsu Ranger" is Goto's solo version of the original Nochiura Natsumi song. The first press edition comes in a special package with three photo cards, also it includes an alternate cover.
Track listing
External links
3rd Station entry on the Up-Front Works official website
Maki Goto lyrics at Projecthello.com
2005 albums
Maki Goto albums
Piccolo Town albums |
3997190 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SC%20Fortuna%20K%C3%B6ln | SC Fortuna Köln | SC Fortuna Köln is a German association football club playing in the city of Cologne, North Rhine-Westphalia.
History
The club was formed as on 21 February 1948 through the merger of three local sides: Victoria Köln 1911 (one of two clubs to bear the name), Bayenthaler SV 1920, and Sparkassen-Verein Köln 1927. Of these clubs, Victoria had the best results, winning its way to the first division of the Gauliga Köln-Aachen in 1941 and capturing the division title there the following season. Bayenthaler SV 1920 side also spent a season in the Gauliga in 1943–44 before the division collapsed as war overtook the region. In 1976, SC Fortuna Köln was joined by FC Alter Markt Köln.
Through most of the last four decades Fortuna has played as a second division side. Highlights of the club's history include promotion to the Bundesliga for the 1974 season and an impressive run through the 1983 DFB-Pokal. The team took out SC Freiburg in the first round and eked out a win on penalties over SSV Ulm 1846 in their next match. They then eliminated three first division sides in a row: first Eintracht Braunschweig and Borussia Mönchengladbach, before crushing Borussia Dortmund 5–0 in their semi-final match. This put them into the final against hometown rivals 1. FC Köln, the first time the Cup final had come down to a local derby. Although they outplayed their opposition, Fortuna's magic had run out and they lost 0–1 on a late goal by Pierre Littbarski.
In 1986, the side came close to a return to the Bundesliga, but was beaten by Borussia Dortmund in the promotion round. Each team had won their home match in a two-game series, which forced a third contest under the rules in effect at the time. Instead of advancing on the strength of away goals, Fortuna was crushed 0–8 by Borussia Dortmund. A handful of seasons later the club avoided relegation to third tier football at the end of the 1991–92 schedule only when division rivals Blau-Weiß 90 Berlin were denied a licence.
One of the key features of Fortuna's history was the presidency of deep-pocketed Jean Löring. Beginning in 1967, the millionaire's support of the club helped them to continue to field competitive sides for much longer than they might otherwise have. In 1982, he even helped out in another way: trained as an electrician, he personally fixed the floodlights when they failed during a match against SV Darmstadt 98 so the game could go on. Löring, who had been an Oberliga player himself with Alemannia Aachen in his younger years, was ousted as president in 2000 and the club soon deteriorated. In 2005 the club failed financially and was forced to withdraw from league play.
Since 2008, the club has been owned (like Ebbsfleet United F.C.) partially by the web-based venture deinfussballclub.de. Until 2008, the SCF played in the fifth division Verbandsliga Mittelrhein, gaining promotion with a second place finish to the new Oberliga Nordrhein-Westfalen. Fortuna Köln finished Oberliga as ninth in 2008–09, as 15th in 2009–10 season and as third in 2010–2011 saison. From the 2011–12 season the club played in the Regionalliga West until in 2014 they won that league and beat the second team of Bayern Munich to get promoted to the German third league.
Despite insolvency, the club was able to salvage its youth department, one of the largest in Germany with over 500 players on 25 teams, through a fundraising campaign organized by the former chairman Egbert Bischoff that included a benefit game against 1. FC Köln.
Recent chairman Klaus Ulonska once competed in the 1962 European Championships in Athletics, co-winning the 4 × 100 m Relay.
Honours
League
Regionalliga West (IV)
Winners: 2013–14
Verbandsliga Mittelrhein (V)
Winners: 2007–08
Cups
DFB-Pokal
Runners-up: 1982–83
Middle Rhine Cup
Winners: 2012–13
Players
Current squad
Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:
Key
References
External links
Website of the football team
Abseits Guide to German Soccer
Koln Fortuna
Football clubs in North Rhine-Westphalia
Football clubs in Cologne
Association football clubs established in 1948
1948 establishments in Germany |
5390536 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hewlett%20Johnson | Hewlett Johnson | Hewlett Johnson (25 January 1874 – 22 October 1966) was an English priest of the Church of England, Marxist Theorist and Stalinist. He was Dean of Manchester and later Dean of Canterbury, where he acquired his nickname "The Red Dean of Canterbury" for his unyielding support towards Joseph Stalin, the Soviet Union and its allies.
Early life
Johnson was born in Kersal as the third son of Charles Johnson, a wire manufacturer, and his wife Rosa, daughter of the Reverend Alfred Hewlett. He was educated at The King's School, Macclesfield and graduated from Owens College, Manchester, in 1894 with a BSc degree in civil engineering and the geological prize.
He worked from 1895 to 1898 at the railway carriage works in Openshaw, Manchester, where two workmates introduced him to socialism, and he became an associate member of the Institution of Civil Engineers. After deciding to do mission work for the Church Mission Society, he entered Wycliffe Hall, Oxford, in 1900 and later attended Wadham College where he gained a second in theology in 1904. The society rejected him because of his increasingly radical theological views, so he concentrated on training for priesthood and was ordained in 1904.
He became curate in 1905 and then, in 1908, vicar of St Margaret's Altrincham. He and his first wife organised holiday camps for poor children and, during World War I, a hospital for returning wounded soldiers in the town. His unconventional views on the war caused him to be refused employment as an army chaplain on active service but he officiated at a prisoner-of-war camp in his parish. He became an honorary canon of Chester Cathedral in 1919 and rural dean of Bowdon, in which area his parish lay, in 1923.
An avowed Christian Marxist, Johnson was brought under surveillance by MI5 in 1917 when he spoke in Manchester in support of the October Revolution. Although he never joined the Communist Party, he became chairman of the board of its newspaper, The Daily Worker. His political views were unpopular but his hard work and pastoral skills led to him being appointed Dean of Manchester by Labour Party founder and then-prime minister Ramsay MacDonald in 1924. He was appointed Dean of Canterbury in 1931.
The Socialist Sixth of the World
Johnson came to public prominence in the 1930s when he contrasted the economic development of the Soviet Union under the First Five Year Plan with Britain during the Great Depression. He toured the Soviet Union in 1934 and again in 1937, claiming on each occasion the health and wealth of the average Soviet citizen and that the Soviet system protected the citizens' liberties. He collected his articles in the book The Socialist Sixth of the World (Gollancz, 1939; published in the US as Soviet Power in 1941), which included a preface by the renegade Brazilian Roman Catholic bishop Carlos Duarte Costa. Johnson defended his positive accounts of life in the Soviet Union, emphasising that he had visited "five Soviet Republics and several great Soviet towns", that he had wandered on foot "many long hours on many occasions and entirely alone" and that he saw "all parts of the various towns and villages and at all hours of day and night". It later emerged that much of the book was copied word for word from pro-Soviet propaganda material produced by organisations such as the Society of Cultural Relations with the Soviet Union of which Johnson was chairman.
World War II
During World War II, Johnson strictly followed the Soviet line. After the Molotov-Ribbentrop Pact in 1939, he opposed the war although Britain was at war against Germany, and he was accused of spreading defeatist propaganda. However, after Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union in 1941, he supported the war although his MI5 file reports that it was still judged "undesirable for the Dean of Canterbury to be allowed to lecture to troops".
Johnson was arguably the most prominent of the Western church leaders who are said to have persuaded Joseph Stalin to restore the Moscow Patriarchate. Stalin was successfully convinced that such a move would improve his relations with the Western Allies. "It was not the vanity of a former seminary dropout that moved the Soviet leader", Dmitri Volkogonov concluded, "but rather pragmatic considerations in relation with the Allies".
Post-war
At the end of the war Johnson was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour, in recognition of his "outstanding work as chairman of the joint committee for Soviet Aid", and in 1951 received the Stalin International Peace Prize. After the war, Johnson continued to use his public position to propound his pro-Soviet views. From 1948, he was the leader of the British-Soviet Friendship Organisation. However, his influence began to wane, particularly after public sympathy for the Soviets in Britain declined dramatically after the Soviet invasion of Hungary in 1956. Johnson's pro-communist activities were especially troublesome for the British government since foreigners tended to confuse Johnson, the Dean of Canterbury, with the Archbishop of Canterbury. According to Ferdinand Mount, "What infuriated his critics, from Gollancz on the left to Fisher on the right, was that there was no evidence that Johnson had made any but the most superficial study of the issues that he spouted on with such mellifluous certainty, from famines in the 1930s to germ warfare in Korea".
The headmaster of the King's School, Canterbury, Fred Shirley, manoeuvred against him. One year, Johnson put up a huge blue and white banner across the front of the Deanery which read "Christians Ban Nuclear Weapons". By way of riposte, some of the boys put up a banner on one of the school's buildings which read "King's Ban Communists".
Johnson's adversaries have called his endeavours to unite Christianity and Marxism–Leninism a "heretical teaching concerning a new religion". Johnson denied those accusations and argued that he knew very well the difference between religion (Christianity) and politics (Marxism–Leninism). His religious views were in line with mainstream Anglicanism. His support for Marxist–Leninist politics was derived, in his own words, from the conviction that "[capitalism] lacks a moral basis" and that "it is the moral impulse [of communism]... which constitutes the greatest attraction and presents the widest appeal".
His biographer Natalie E. Watson, in The Oxford Dictionary of National Biography (2004), wrote: "Communism, for Johnson, was not an anti-Christian force, but rather a natural result and a practical outworking of the Christian gospel.... His extensive writings on Soviet Russia reflected a naive and romantic perspective on the transformation [of Russian life] after the 1917 revolution. Until the end of his life he ignored the realities of mass persecution and the extermination of political opponents, as well as the anti-religious aspects of Marxism and Stalinism".
Personal life
Johnson was twice married. While still a student at Oxford in 1903, he married Mary, daughter of Frederick Taylor, a merchant of Broughton Park, Manchester. The couple had no children and she died of cancer in 1931. He remarried in 1938 to Nowell Mary, daughter of his cousin George Edwards (another Anglican priest), with whom he had two daughters.
Later life
Johnson retired as Dean of Canterbury in 1963, the year of his 89th birthday, but settled in the town where he lived at the Red House in New Street. While maintaining his interest in Communist world developments, he engaged in psychical research and completed before his death his autobiography, Searching for Light (posthumously published in 1968). He died, at the Kent and Canterbury Hospital in 1966 aged 92. He was buried in the Cloister Garth at Canterbury Cathedral.
Published works
The Socialist Sixth of the World, 1939
Searching for Light: an Autobiography (London, V. Gollancz, 1939)
The Secrets of Soviet Strength, 1943
Soviet Russia since the war (New York, Boni & Gaer, 1947)
China's New Creative Age (London, Lawrence: 1953)
Eastern Europe in the Socialist World (London, Lawrence and Wishart: 1955)
Christians and Communism (London, 1956); Russian translation – Хьюлетт Джонсон. Христиане и коммунизм. М., Изд. иностранной литературы, 1957, 154 с.
The Upsurge of China, 1961
Searching for Light (autobiography), 1968 (posthumously published)
References
Citations on USSR
"The ideal held out to a child differs entirely from that still too common here (England) – 'Work hard and get on'." (p. 195).
"Education from first to last is provided for all without monetary payments, from the excellently equipped nursery-schools right up to the university course." (p. 185).
"There is no financial difficulty which hinders a ... student from entering the university or institute for higher education." (p. 207).
"Technical institutes await children (of workers) free of charge." (p. 237).
"What has the Soviet Union done for its youth and what is it doing? ...On his seventeenth birthday and not before, he can enter industry." (p. 205)
External links
Hewlett Johnson archive at marxists.org
1874 births
1966 deaths
20th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of Wadham College, Oxford
Anglican socialists
Burials at Canterbury Cathedral
Christian communists
Church of England deans
Deans of Canterbury
Deans of Manchester
English Christian socialists
English communists
Clergy from Manchester
Stalin Peace Prize recipients
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Writers about the Soviet Union |
5390541 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plietesials | Plietesials | Plietesials are plants that grow for a number of years, flower gregariously (synchronously), set seed and then die.
The length of the cycle can vary between 8 and 16 years. For example, the neelakurinji plant flowers every 12 years and
bloomed as expected in 2006 and 2018 in the Munnar region of Kerala, India.
Certain species of unrelated families of flowering plants (including Poaceae, Arecaceae, Scrophulariaceae, Fabaceae, Apocynaceae, and Acanthaceae) are plietesial. The term plietesial has been used in reference to perennial monocarpic plants "of the kind most often met with in the Strobilanthinae" (a subtribe of Acanthaceae containing Strobilanthes and allied genera) that usually grow gregariously, flower simultaneously following a long interval, set seed, and die. Other commonly used expressions or terms describing a plietesial life history include gregarious flowering, mast seeding, and supra-annual synchronized semelparity (semelparity = monocarpy). It is not clear why gregarious flowering after long vegetative intervals would be associated with death after flowering, although both are associated with higher reproductive outputs.
Description
A good description of this natural history aspect of a plant's life cycle can be found in the following report:
See also
Masting
Monocarpic
Semelparity
Strobilanthes callosus
Strobilanthes kunthiana
References
Daniel, Thomas F. 2006. Synchronous flowering and monocarpy suggest plietesial life history for neotropical Stenostephanus chiapensis (Acanthaceae). PROCEEDINGS OF THE CALIFORNIA ACADEMY OF SCIENCES. Fourth Series. Volume 57, No. 38, pp. 1011–1018, 1 fig. December 28, 2006
Plant life-forms
Plant reproduction
Fertility |
5390549 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20A.%20Moon | John A. Moon | John Austin Moon (April 22, 1855 – June 26, 1921) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 3rd congressional district of Tennessee.
Biography
Born on April 22, 1855, near Charlottesville, Virginia in Albemarle County, Moon moved with his parents to Bristol, Virginia in 1857, and then to Chattanooga, Tennessee in 1870. He attended public and private schools and King College in Bristol, Tennessee. He studied law, was admitted to the Alabama bar, at the age of nineteen. He moved to Chattanooga in 1874, was admitted to the Tennessee Bar Association and commenced practice in Chattanooga, Tennessee. He married Adeline McDowell Deaderick, daughter of James W. Deaderick and Adeline Shelby Deaderick. Their two children are Anna Mary Moon and William Deaderick Moon.
Career
Moon was the city attorney of Chattanooga in 1881 and 1882. He was a member of the state Democratic executive committee in 1888. Commissioned in May 1889 as a special circuit judge, and twice reappointed, he held the office until January 3, 1891. He was appointed regular judge for the fourth circuit and served until August 1892. He was elected circuit judge in 1892, and was re-elected in 1894 for a term of eight years, but he resigned when he was elected to Congress.
Elected as a Democrat to the Fifty-fifth and the eleven succeeding Congresses, Moon served from March 4, 1897, to March 3, 1921. He was chairman of the United States House Committee on Post Office and Post Roads during the Sixty-second through Sixty-fifth Congresses. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1900.
Death
Moon was renominated for Congress in 1921, but before election, he became ill and died in Chattanooga, Tennessee on June 26, 1921 (age 66 years, 65 days). He is interred at Forest Hill Cemetery.
References
External links
1855 births
1921 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
People from Albemarle County, Virginia
Politicians from Chattanooga, Tennessee
Tennessee Democrats
Tennessee state court judges
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives |
3997192 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maylene%20and%20the%20Sons%20of%20Disaster | Maylene and the Sons of Disaster | Maylene and the Sons of Disaster is an American rock band from Birmingham, Alabama. The group were founded in 2004, shortly after vocalist Dallas Taylor's departure from Underoath. In 2005, Maylene and the Sons of Disaster signed to Mono Vs Stereo and released their self-titled debut album.
The band name and concept are based on the legend of the criminal gang of Ma Barker and her sons, noting that evil lifestyles will be met with divine justice.
History
Earlier years and II (2004-2009)
In April 2006, it was announced that the band had signed to Ferret Music. In August of that year, the group hinted they would be working on their Ferret Records debut in October with an expected release date of early 2007. Vocalist Dallas Taylor (formerly of Underoath) updated fans once again in January 2007 and said they would be releasing an EP called The Day Hell Broke Loose at Sicard Hollow, followed by their full-length album, II.
Maylene and the Sons of Disaster's II was released on Ferret Records on March 20, 2007 nationwide. Maylene appeared on the cover of the March/April 2007 issue of HM Magazine.
Throughout April 2007, the band went on tour in support of their new album II with Christian metalcore band Haste the Day. Other bands on tour included From Autumn to Ashes, The Sleeping, and Alesana.
In May, the band was featured on the "Dirty South Tour" with Underoath, Norma Jean, and The Glass Ocean. Notably, this is the first time vocalist Dallas Taylor toured with his old band since he left in 2003. Other bands touring with them with similar southern music styles are He Is Legend and Hey You Party Animals.
In an interview, Dallas Taylor said: "What has always struck me about the Ma Barker story is how much it symbolizes the idea of 'what goes around, comes around.' Divine justice is unavoidable. When I was a kid, I would see re-enactments of the Barker shooting in Ocala every year with my Grandpa, and it was as if Ma Barker and her sons were still screaming their story to anyone who would listen. Maylene and the Sons of Disaster is made up of five dudes who play the role of the Barker sons, and in these songs we speak as though we were them, telling any who would listen that a life lived unjustly will meet divine justice on the other side. We also wanted to think of the most crazy backwoods theme possible for this band. Since Ma was backwoods, and we are backwoods, this is the way it had to be." When asked if they play Christian music, Taylor admits that "For us our faith is what makes us. We believe in showing our fans respect and kindness. I love it when bands minister, as long as their lifestyle off the stage lives up to their life on stage. Nowadays it is kinda cliche in some markets to be a Christian band but being that in itself is hard and sometimes can put a bull's eye on your back. It is not an easy thing sometimes, but no one is perfect. But living to the standards of what you preach and talk about is a big deal and something we chose to do everyday." Taylor has also been quoted as saying that he is tired of bands that try to play off their Christian background or message to sell records or to perpetuate their popularity and stated: "I want every kid to know I am not going to change who I really am to sell records. I mean, I absolutely hate shoving things down people's throats, but hiding who you are is just as bad."
III (2009-2011)
From September to November 2008, they headlined a full U.S. tour with support from A Static Lullaby, Showbread, Confide, and Attack Attack! before beginning to record their third album, III. Half of the members recording this album were in Underoath during their early days.
Their third album, entitled III was released on June 23, 2009. The song "Just a Shock" was released to the band's Myspace page on May 11, 2009. III debuted at No. 71 on the Billboard 200.
From September 2009 to February 2010, Dallas took some time off from touring to deal with some things in his personal life. With the band not wanting to miss any tour dates, they recruited their good friend Schuylar Croom, vocalist for He Is Legend, to fill in for Dallas. During these tours, no original members of the band were present onstage, as Roman had recently left the band and Dallas is the only original member remaining in the band's lineup.
On July 16, the band embarked on the Thee Summer Bailout Tour with Emery, Closure in Moscow, and Kiros on all dates, and Ivoryline and Secret & Whisper on select dates.
They performed the entrance theme for the former Unified WWE Tag Team Champions Chris Jericho and The Big Show, entitled "Crank the Walls Down". Their song "Step Up (I'm On It)" was also the theme for WWE Bragging Rights.
The band was also featured on the Taste of Chaos Tour in Europe at the end of 2009.
On Monday, December 7, 2009, while en route to a show in Wiesbaden, Germany for the Taste of Chaos tour, Maylene was involved in an accident resulting in mild damage to the band's tour bus. According to guitarist Kelly Nunn's personal Facebook page, the bus collided with a car, a gas tanker and a guard rail. The band was not injured, but missed their performance time. The band did, however, appear at the merchandise booths later in the day. During the spring of 2010 they were a supporting act with Saosin, and later Story of the Year. That summer, they headlined Scream the Prayer, along with For Today.
IV (2011-2014)
Maylene released their fourth album on September 27, 2011. The band's first single "In Dead We Dream" was released online before the album release date.
Maylene's official Twitter said on March 2 "There is no way to describe this record. Be ready to have your minds open to the best Maylene yet." The album is again on Ferret Records and was produced by Brian Virtue and Rob Graves. Dallas was quoted saying "We are so excited about this new record… it will be by far our best yet. We couldn't ask for a better group of people on board making this record happen."
New Album and Taylor's ATV Accident (2015-present)
Dallas has been cited on a podcast and on tour that they will begin recording a new album in January 2015. Whether it is to be an independent release or on a label is to be determined. On November 29, Taylor posted a photo showing that the band was already recording for the new album.
On December 12, 2015, vocalist Dallas Taylor and guitarist Jake Duncan were attacked by police officers outside of a bar. The officers slammed Duncan's head on the pavement multiple times, while Taylor's knee was opened. Taylor was held in an detainment cell for an hour, but Duncan was arrested on disorderly conduct charges. On August 3, 2016, Underoath released a statement saying that Taylor had been hospitalized due to an ATV accident. Rhett Taylor, Dallas's brother, said that Dallas suffered multiple broken bones, internal bleeding, and head injuries. On September 17, 2016, the band played a benefit show for Taylor's medical bills. The band had Keller Harbin (The Chariot/ETID) and Matthew Hasting (MyChildren MyBride) fill in for Taylor. The show was put together by Dallas's long time friend (Michael Frog Ray) and bandmate in a side band with Taylor called Zeal. The band has not performed together since 2016 due to Taylors injuries and lengthy recovery process.
As of January 2022, a video leaked of Scott Hansen directing a new music video for the band. According to Hansen, one of the members is featuring Jasin Todd of Shinedown and Fuel. It was announced on January 7, 2022, that the band would be filming a new video for the band, as a "comeback". Former Underoath member, Octavio Fernandez, was also present at the filming of the music video.
Members
Current members
Dallas Taylor (formerly of Underoath) – lead vocals (2004–present), acoustic guitar, banjo (2009–present)
Brad Lehmann – bass, backing vocals (2009–present)
Jake Duncan – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2009–2011, 2013–present), lead guitar (2015–present)
Jasin Todd (ex-Shinedown/Fuel) – lead guitar (2014–present), rhythm guitar (2014–2015)
Steve Savis – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2015–present)
Jon Thatcher Longley – drums (2015–present; touring 2011)
Touring musicians
Sam Anderson – drums, backing vocals (2011, 2014)
Josh Butler (Between the Trees) – drums (2011)
Schuylar Croom (He Is Legend) – lead vocals <small>(2009–2010)</small
Matthew Hastings (MyChildren MyBride) – lead vocals (2016)
Keller Harbin (formerly of The Chariot, Every Time I Die) – lead vocals (2016)
Luis Mariani – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2011)
Former members
Josh Cornutt – lead guitar (2004–2008)
Scott Collum – rhythm guitar (2004–2008), lead guitar (2005–2008)
Lee Turner – drums (2004–2008)
Roman Haviland – bass, backing vocals (2004–2009)
Josh Williams – rhythm guitar (2005–2008)
Kelly Scott Nunn (formerly of SBTR, formerly of Underoath) – rhythm guitar, backing vocals (2008–2010), lead guitar (2009–2010)
Matt Clark (formerly of SBTR, formerly of Underoath) – drums, backing vocals (2008–2011)
Chad Huff - lead guitar (2008-2015), rhythm guitar (2011–2013)
Miles McPherson – drums (2011–2014)
Timeline
Discography
Studio albums
EPs
Singles
Videography
"Tough As John Jacobs" - Maylene and the Sons of Disaster (2005, Mono Vs Stereo)
"Dry the River" - II (2007, Ferret Records)
"Darkest of Kin" - II (2007, Ferret Records)
"The Day Hell Broke Loose at Sicard Hollow" - II (2007, Ferret Records)
"Raised by the Tide" - II (2009, Ferret Records)
"Step Up (I'm on It)" - III (2009, Ferret Records)
"Listen Close" - III (2011, Ferret Records)
"Open Your Eyes" - IV (2012, Ferret Records)
References
External links
YouTube
Heavy metal musical groups from Alabama
American post-hardcore musical groups
American Christian metal musical groups
American metalcore musical groups
Christian hardcore musical groups
Musical groups established in 2004
American southern rock musical groups
Musical quintets
Musical groups from Birmingham, Alabama
Ferret Music artists |
3997208 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leioheterodon | Leioheterodon | Leioheterodon is a genus of harmless lamprophiids found only on the island of Madagascar. Three species are currently recognized. Common names include Malagasy hognose snakes, Malagasy brown snakes and Malagasy menarana snakes.
Species
Speckled Hognose Snake, Leioheterodon geayi (Mocquard, 1905)
Malagasy Giant Hognose Snake, Leioheterodon madagascariensis (Duméril & Bibron, 1854)
Blonde Hognose Snake, Leioheterodon modestus (Günther, 1863)
References
Further reading
External links
Lamprophiidae
Reptiles of Madagascar
Snake genera
Taxa named by André Marie Constant Duméril
Taxa named by Gabriel Bibron |
3997211 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%208%20film%20camera | Super 8 film camera | A Super 8mm camera is a motion picture camera specifically manufactured to use the Super 8mm motion picture format. Super 8mm film cameras were first manufactured in 1965 by Kodak for their newly introduced amateur film format, which replaced the Standard 8 mm film format. Manufacture continued until the rise in popularity of video cameras in the mid 1970s. In 2014 the first new Super 8mm camera in 30 years was introduced by the Danish company Logmar Camera Solutions. Most other cameras readily available are from the 1960s through the 1980s.
Super 8mm cameras
The first camera to be formatted for the new film was the Kodak M2. During the late 1960s, cameras were only formatted to film at 18 frames per second, but as technology improved, speeds such as 24 frame/s (the motion-picture standard) and faster speeds (for slow-motion filming) were incorporated into camera mechanics.
Super 8mm film stock
Super 8mm film cameras do not need to use the Super 8mm film produced by Kodak, but other film stocks produced by companies such as Fujifilm and independents (in the form of re-packaged film) are compatible. The only difference to the films is the cartridge used to insert them into the camera. All lengths of film sold are of lengths. Kodak did produce and sound cartridges, but these have since been discontinued. Most stocks are reversal film (for simple projection) but some negative stocks have been produced.
In 1965, the original emulsion released was Kodachrome II colour film. However, in 2005, Kodak announced it would stop manufacturing Kodachrome stock. The discontinuation was due to the steps K-14 development used. Nowadays, Kodak Super 8mm film cartridges are sold as either Ektachrome colour reversal film, Tri-X black and white reversal film or Vision 3 colour negative film (in 200 ISO and 500 ISO speeds). Fuji Velvia 50 and a number of other stocks are also available.
Super 8mm brands
Many companies manufactured cameras and equipment for use with the format. Many well-known brands such as Kodak, Canon and Agfa made cameras, projectors and stock for use with the cameras.
List of camera manufacturers
Note: Many companies (Such as Kmart's Focal range) used re-branded products, these have not been included into the list.
3M
Agfa
Bauer
Beaulieu
Bell and Howell
Bolex
Braun (Nizo)
Canon
Chinon
Copal
Cosina
Elmo
Eumig
Fujifilm (Fuji)
GAF
Halina (Haking)
Kodak
Konica
LOMO
Logmar Camera Solutions
Minolta
Nikon
Pathé
Raynox
Ricoh
Rollei
Sankyo
Yashica
See also
List of products manufactured by Kodak
References
External links
Super 8 camera - DIY processing, cameras and film stock]
Virtuelles Schmalfilm-Apparate-Museum - a German Movie Camera Museum
Cameras
Motion picture film formats
Audiovisual introductions in 1965 |
5390561 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sally%20Sheinman | Sally Sheinman | Sally Sheinman (born May 16, 1949) is an American visual, digital and installation artist based in the UK.
Biography
Early life and education
Sheinman was born in Watertown, New York where she grew up on a farm. She worked in finance on Wall Street and in London and for a time was the company secretary of the Mocatta Metals Corporation. She studied painting at the State University of New York at Albany and later studied art at Hunter College in New York where her tutors included Tony Smith and Robert Morris.
Since the 1980s, Sheinman has lived in Britain, where she works in Northampton.
Career
Sheinman's works have included an interactive touring exhibition in association with the University of Hertfordshire called the Wishing Ceremony. The Wishing Ceremony opened in six locations in Leicester City in 2005 and then traveled to the University of Hertfordshire and mac in Birmingham in 2006. The Wishing Ceremony is also available on-line as part of an interactive website.
Her exhibitions include
Artnaos at five different NHS hospitals in London and the Midlands, and The Collection art gallery, Lincoln, 2007
Sacred Vessels at Rugby Art Gallery and Museum in Rugby, 2003,
Days at The Gallery in Stratford-upon-Avon, 2002,
The Naming Room at Roadmender, Northampton, 2001,
Fragments of Time and Thought at Liberty, London, 2000,
Artjongg at the University College Northampton,
Between the Lines at Ikon Touring, Birmingham 1997,
New Work at City Gallery, Leicester, 1995,
Commissions include Non-Essential Signage for the Arts Council England, Announcements for South and East Belfast Trust, Artkacina for firstsite in Colchester (2006) and ARTDNA for the Towner Gallery in Eastbourne (2008). In 2010 Sheinman finished Let's Celebrate - a commission inspired by the London 2012 Olympic and Paralympic games. The work toured to five National Trust properties across the East Midlands throughout 2010 and comprised over 250 painted miniature sculptures.
Sheinman worked on a project titled Being Human, created in collaboration with researchers at the Wellcome Trust Sanger Institute in Cambridge and funded by the National Trust, Mottisfont Abbey. The work, a 200-foot-long paper sculpture made of 25,000 pieces of hand-painted gold Japanese rice-paper representing the number of genes in the human genome, was displayed at Mottisfont Abbey in the autumn of 2011. A subsequent on-going project, What Makes You/You, which began in 2013, is a web-based digital and interactive series of artworks based on responses received from members of the public. What Makes You/You was selected in The Lumen Prize Exhibition longlist of 100 works and shortlist of 28 works, and was named the winner of the Founder's Prize. In 2018, Sheinman received a grant from the Arts Council National Lottery Project, to be an Artist in Residence at C2C Social Action, a Northamptonshire-based charity supporting offenders in the criminal justice system.
Sheinman is also involved with Artists Interaction and Representation (AIR) and in 2012 was elected as Chair of this organisation which represents over 16,000 artists within the UK.
Awards and grants
2006 - Arts Council of England, Artnaos
2008 - Arts Council of England, Hopian Symbols
2009 - Arts Council of England, Let's Celebrate
2014 - Lumen Prize - Winner, Founder's Prize
2018-2019 - Arts Council National Lottery Project Grants, Artists in Residence at C2C Social Action
References
External links
Sally Sheinman website
1949 births
Living people
20th-century American women artists
21st-century American women artists
American expatriates in the United Kingdom
American women painters
Hunter College alumni
Minimalist artists
Sculptors from New York (state)
University at Albany, SUNY alumni |
5390565 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Moon | John Moon | John Moon may refer to:
John A. Moon (1855–1921), U.S. Representative from Tennessee
John W. Moon (1836–1898), U.S. Representative from Michigan
John P. Moon (born 1938), Apple Computers executive
John B. Moon (1849–1915), American lawyer and politician in the Virginia House of Delegates
John Moyne or Moon, MP for Calne |
5390569 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ahmed%20Farah%20Ali | Ahmed Farah Ali | Ahmed Farah Ali () also known as Idaajaa, is a Somali literary scholar and publisher of written folklore.He was born into a Mareexaan family.
Career
Ali was a political analyst, and directed the program Fanka iyo Suugaanta on the BBC Somali section.
He is also the editor of the work of several poets. The collection of Ismaciil Mire's poems was introduced, annotated and written down by Ali while at the Academy of Culture in Mogadishu in 1974.
Ali currently hosts a weekly radio segment on VOA Somali titled Dhaqanka iyo Hiddaha, meaning "Culture and Heritage".
References
External links
Somalian writers
Somalian non-fiction writers
1948 births
Living people
Somali-language writers |
3997216 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dyme | Dyme | Dyme (), or Dymae, was a town and polis (city-state) of ancient Achaea, and the most westerly of the 12 Achaean cities, from which circumstance it is said to have derived its name. The location of Dyme is near the modern Kato Achaia.
Location
It was situated near the coast, according to Strabo 60 stadia from the promontory Araxus, and according to Pausanias 30 stadia from the river Larisus, which separated its territory from Elis.
Names
It is further said by Strabo to have been formed out of a union of 8 villages, one of which was called Teuthea (Τευθέα); and it is probable, that some of the different names, by which the city is said to have been called, were originally the names of the separate villages. Thus, its more ancient name is stated by Pausanias to have been Paleia (Πάλεια), and by Strabo to have been Stratus or Stratos (Στρατός). The poet Antimachus gave it the epithet Cauconis, which was derived by some from the iron Caucon in the neighbourhood, and by others from the Caucones, who were supposed to have originally inhabited this district.
History
Greek history
The first resident of note was Oebotas who was said to be the first Achaean to win at the Ancient Olympic Games. He was not honored for his victory by the Achaeans and legendarily cursed the Achaeans to never win the Olympics for that and the Achaeans did not have an Olympic winner until Sostratus of Pellene won the race.
Thucydides indicates it was near a great naval battle of the Peloponnesian War and that some fleeing the battle found shelter there. After the death of Alexander the Great, Dyme fell into the hands of Cassander, but his troops were driven out of the city by Aristodemus, the general of Antigonus, 314 BCE. This city had the honour, along with Patrae, of reviving the Achaean League in 280 BCE; and about this time or shortly afterwards its population received an accession from some of the inhabitants of Olenus, who abandoned their town. A battle took place at Dyme in between the Spartans under King Cleomenes III and the Achaean League under the command of Aratus of Sicyon and ended in a Spartan victory. In the Social War (220-217 BCE), the territory of Dyme, from its proximity to Elis, was frequently laid waste by the Eleans.
Roman era
In the First Macedonian War Cycliadas and Philip V of Macedon would prepare for an attack on Elis near Dyme; but in consequence of Dyme being the only one of the Achaean cities which espoused the cause of the Macedonian king, it was plundered by the Romans under Publius Sulpicius Galba Maximus. From this blow it never recovered; and it is said to have been without inhabitants when Pompey settled here a large number of Cilician pirates. In the civil wars that followed, some of these new inhabitants were expelled from their lands and resumed their old occupations. Both Strabo and Pliny the Elder call Dyme a Roman colony; but this statement appears to be a mistake, since it is known that Dyme was one of the towns placed under the authority of Patrae, when it was made a Roman colony by Augustus; and it is expressly told that no other Achaean town except Patrae was allowed the privilege of self-government.
See also
Dymaean Wall
List of ancient Greek cities
References
External links
A description from Greek Travel Pages
Cities in ancient Peloponnese
Former populated places in Greece
Populated places in ancient Achaea
Achaean city-states
Greek city-states |
3997225 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Troubadour%20%28West%20Hollywood%2C%20California%29 | Troubadour (West Hollywood, California) | The Troubadour is a nightclub located in West Hollywood, California, United States, at 9081 Santa Monica Boulevard just east of Doheny Drive and the border of Beverly Hills. Inspired by a visit to the newly opened Troubadour café in London, it was opened in 1957 by Doug Weston as a coffee house on La Cienega Boulevard, then moved to its current location shortly after opening and has remained open continuously since. It was a major center for folk music in the 1960s, and subsequently for singer-songwriters and rock. In 2011, a documentary about the club, Troubadours: Carole King / James Taylor & The Rise of the Singer-Songwriter, was released.
History
1960s
The Troubadour played an important role in the careers of Hoyt Axton, Jackson Browne, the Byrds, Neil Diamond, Elton John, Eagles, Carole King, Love, Joni Mitchell, Van Morrison, Bonnie Raitt, Linda Ronstadt, J. D. Souther, James Taylor, Tom Waits, and other prominent and successful performers, who played performances there establishing their future fame.
In October 1962, comedian Lenny Bruce was arrested on obscenity charges for using the word "schmuck" on stage; one of the arresting officers was Sherman Block, who would later become Los Angeles County Sheriff. Michael Nesmith sometimes worked as an M.C. at the club in the 1960s, before forming the music group the Monkees. Buffalo Springfield debuted at the club in 1966, and Randy Newman started out there as well.
1970s
On August 25, 1970, Neil Diamond (who had just recorded his first live album at the Troubadour) introduced Elton John, who performed his first show in the United States at the Troubadour. Comics Cheech & Chong and Steve Martin were discovered there in the early 1970s. In 1974, John Lennon, Harry Nilsson and Ringo Starr were ejected from the club for drunkenly heckling the Smothers Brothers. That same year, Bruce Springsteen and the E-Street Band performed third on the bill with ex-Byrd Roger McGuinn headlining, going on stage at 1:45 in the morning. In 1975, Elton John returned to do a series of special anniversary concerts. In November 2007, James Taylor and Carole King played a series of concerts commemorating the nightclub's 50th anniversary and reuniting the two from their 1970 performance.
The Troubadour featured new wave and punk in the late 1970s and early 1980s, including Bad Religion, Flipper, The Meat Puppets, Napalm Death, and Redd Kross. L.A. residents and proto-grunge band Melvins have played the Troubadour stage 24 times and counting as of November 2019, including live tapings for Carson Daly in 2012 and 2015.
1980s
In the 1980s the club became associated with glam metal bands such as Candy, Cinderella, Guns N' Roses, L.A. Guns, Mötley Crüe, Poison, Ratt, Warrant, NEWHAVEN and W.A.S.P. Guns N' Roses played their first show at the Troubadour, and were also discovered by a David Geffen A&R representative at the club. During the glam and metal years, Gina Barsamian was the primary booking agent for the club. It continued to attract non-glam metal acts through this time and into the 1990s such as Fiona Apple, Steve Earle, Mudhoney, Papa Roach, Silverchair and Radiohead.
21st century
In the 21st century, the venue is well known for promoting artists as diverse as Arctic Monkeys, Bastille, Billy Talent, Coldplay, Franz Ferdinand, Kina Grannis, Ray LaMontagne, Lawson, the Libertines, Melt Banana, Metz, Joanna Newsom, and Orville Peck. Rise Against filmed at the club five nights in a row for a DVD, Generation Lost. On April 1, 2016, it saw the first show of Guns N' Roses since Slash and Duff McKagan had rejoined the band. Busted's first show as a reformed band in America was performed at the Troubadour in June 2017. The first concert of Grace VanderWaal's first national tour was held at the Troubadour on November 5, 2017. 2006 Sheriff Dept was called against BRIGHTBLACK MORNING LIGHT as feedback echoed from Soundbooth. Stone Temple Pilots' first live performance with their newest singer Jeff Gutt was held in November 2017.
Like many small businesses and music venues, the Troubadour has struggled during the COVID-19 pandemic; it launched a GoFundMe page in May 2020, which raised $70,000. In August, Elton John celebrated his 50th anniversary of playing the venue, and expressed his concern about the survival of the nightclub. The comedian Bill Burr has hosted two of his Monday Morning Podcasts from the venue to raise money during the pandemic by selling limited edition signed posters.
References
External links
Live Music Calendar
HarryNilsson.com Article About the "Troubadour Incident"
– TV programme about the influential club and artist scene, on the BBC (2011)
Music venues in Los Angeles
Nightclubs in Los Angeles County, California
Buildings and structures in West Hollywood, California
Landmarks in Los Angeles
Music venues completed in 1957
1957 establishments in California |
5390570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chipping%2C%20Lancashire | Chipping, Lancashire | Chipping is a village and civil parish of the borough of Ribble Valley, Lancashire, England, within the Forest of Bowland Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty. In the 2001 census, the parish had a population of 1,046, falling slightly to 1,043 at the 2011 Census. This Lancashire village has won several best-kept village competitions over the years. The village also won the village section of the Royal Horticultural Society Britain in Bloom competition in 2009 picking up RHS Tourism and Gold achievement awards in the process.
History
The village is known to be at least 1,000 years old and is mentioned in Domesday. It lies on the south-western edge of the ancient Forest of Bowland abutting the civil parish of Bowland-with-Leagram. Leagram Park, the site of one of the medieval deer parks of the Forest, is a short drive from the village. Despite this, Chipping was not a part of the ancient Forest and its manor did not fall within the powerful Lordship of Bowland.
Chipping really thrived during the Industrial Revolution when there were seven mills located along Chipping Brook. The last survivor was Kirk Mill, the chair making factory of HJ Berry, but in 2010 the company went into administration, the factory closed, and on 7 March 2011 the works were bought by 53N Bowland Ltd.
Origin of the name
Chipping is named in the Domesday Book as Chippenden; the name is derived from the medieval Chepyn meaning market place. Chipping is a prefix used in a number of place names in England, and is probably derived from , an Old English word meaning 'marketplace', though the meaning may alternatively come from (or via) the Medieval English word with a more specific meaning of 'long market square'.
Local government
Chipping is a civil parish, and formerly an ancient parish that also included Thornley-with-Wheatley, which became a separate parish in the 19th century. Chipping was in Clitheroe Rural District from 1894 until the reorganisation of local government in 1974,
It is now in Ribble Valley, a non-metropolitan district formed in 1974. The parish of Chipping is combined, with Bowland-with-Leagram and Bowland Forest High, into the ward of Chipping, which elects one councillor to Ribble Valley Borough Council. Local elections are every four years.
Chipping is part of the Longridge with Bowland ward of Lancashire County Council and is in the Ribble Valley parliamentary constituency. At all three levels of government (district, county and parliament) Chipping is represented by the Conservative Party ().
Religion
The village contains the Anglican Church of St Bartholomew and the Roman Catholic Chapel of St Mary, as well as a Congregational chapel.
St Bartholemew's
St Bartholomew's is an active Anglican parish church in the deanery of Whalley, the archdeaconry of Blackburn, and the diocese of Blackburn. Its benefice is united with that of St Michael, Whitewell. The church is designated by English Heritage as a Grade II* listed building.
The ancient yew tree in the churchyard is well known in the county and thought to be more than a century old.
St Mary's
Until the Protestant Reformation all the people of the village worshipped at St. Bartholomew's. Those who remained devoted to the Roman Catholic Church practiced their religion in secret, although there was a Mass centre at Leagram Hall where the family remained Catholic.
By the beginning of the 19th century Catholics were now able to openly attend the chapel at Leagram. In the 1820s George Weld, who was squire of Leagram, donated land in the village for the construction of a church, a school, a priest's house and a cemetery. St Mary's Church was built at a cost of £1,130 (equivalent to £ in ) The day school, also built on the site, remained in use until 1967 when the new school was built. The old school is now a community centre for all the people of the village. In 1999 the church was fully redecorated and rearranged. The Priest in Charge is Fr. Anthony Grimshaw.
The organ was reputedly bought from Stonyhurst College in 1872 and it has been dated by experts from Preston and District Organist Association to be early 18th century, by Bishop Ltd of Ipswich. It was originally hand blown and contains 650 pipes. In 1944, when electric light was installed, a plate confirming its builder was discovered. It was further renovated in 1952, when an electric blower was installed, and a further inscription was found clarifying the re-building of the organ in 1872 by Henry Ainscough.
Congregational Chapel
The chapel now known as the Congregational Church was built in 1838 for use as an independent non-conformist place of worship. The dedication stone, on the front of the building, bears the inscription: PROVIDENT CHAPEL ERECTED BY SUBSCRIPTION MDCCCXXXVIII. After about 40 years the chapel declined. It closed in 1882 and remained so for about 18 years. After extensive restoration an cleaning, by members of the Grimshaw Street Congregational Church in Preston, however, it re-opened as a Congregational Church.
The church is currently active, with an average attendance at Sunday worship of approximately 60 with around 20 children meeting for Sunday school. It meets twice on a Sunday, in the morning and evening, and runs various groups for both young and old within the community.
In January 2014, the church appointed its first Pastor in over 50 years.
Landmarks
Chipping Craft Centre holds the honour of being the property which has been used as a shop for the longest continuous time in the UK. The first shop was opened at this location in 1668 by a local wool merchant. Since then it has been used as an undertakers, butchers and most recently as a Post Office, amongst other trades. It is a now a newsagents, tea shop and craft centre, however, and operates as a Post Office only two days a week.
Hesketh End, on Judd Holmes Lane in the village, is a Grade I listed building, dating from 1591 and early 17th century, restored in 1907.
Woolfen Hall, at the foot of nearby Parlick, is a Grade II listed building, possibly 16th-century but altered in 1867-8.
Education
The village has the benefit of two primary schools; St Marys RC and Brabin's Endowed School. Brabin's Endowed was established in 1684.
Culture and amenities
Chipping has its own local historical society.
Chipping Agricultural Show is a local country show that was first held in 1920. The show celebrates all aspects of farming and rural life with classes for sheep, cattle, light horses, ponies and shire horses plus poultry, pigeon and egg sections. There are also competitions for cheeses, handicrafts, cakes and preserves, a large horticultural section plus children's, dog and baby sections.
Originally held in 1998 and intended as a one-off fund raising event for a new Village Hall, Chipping Steam Fair has now become a firm fixture in the village calendar. The fair now regularly attracts around 20,000 visitors and upward of 500 exhibitors over the Spring Bank Holiday weekend each May.
One mile to the west of the village is Bowland Forest Gliding Club, GB-0339, which is used by winch-launched gliders.
The village has three public houses. The Sun is situated at the corner of Windy Street and Garstang Lane and The Tillotson's Arms is situated on Talbot Street. The Talbot Arms, also on Talbot Street, is currently closed for refurbishment. The Sun is reputed to be haunted by the ghost of scullery maid Lizzie Dean, who hung herself in the attic of the pub on 5 November 1835. She is buried at the entrance to the churchyard. Also in the locality is the Gibbon Bridge Hotel.
The village's environmentally friendly public toilets have won the best in Lancashire award at the county's Best Kept Village competition every year since a renovation in 2009.
Geography
Just to the north of the village the Forest of Bowland access areas of Clougha, Fair Snape, Wolf Fell and Saddle Fell have been opened up to the public by access agreements negotiated between Lancashire County Council and the owners. This means that over of open country are now open to walkers.
Transport
Bus routes operated by Holmeswood Coaches connect Chipping to Blackburn, Clitheroe and Longridge. A route operated by Stagecoach in Lancashire connected Chipping to Preston but since 2012 no longer serves Chipping as a result of a Lancashire County Council review of subsidised bus services.
Chipping in fiction
The Wardstone Chronicles, written by Joseph Delaney, frequently features the village of Chipenden, which is based on the village of Chipping.
See also
Listed buildings in Chipping, Lancashire
Toponymy of England
List of generic forms in British place names
References
External links
Victoria County History – The parish of Chipping British History Online
St. Mary's R.C Primary School
Brabin's Endowed School, Chipping
Chipping Agricultural Show
Chipping Steam Fair
Chipping and Downham – Feasibility Study into the potential for zero carbon villages
Bowland Forest Gliding Club
Chipping Local History Society
Kirk Mill and former chairworks
Chipping Conservation Area Appraisal
Villages in Lancashire
Civil parishes in Lancashire
Geography of Ribble Valley
Aviation in Lancashire
Forest of Bowland |
3997228 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lystrophis | Lystrophis | Lystrophis is the genus of tricolored South American hognose snakes.
They mimic milk snakes or coral snakes with their red, black, and white ringed patterns.
Species
The genus Lystrophis contains five species that are recognized as being valid.
Lystrophis dorbignyi (A.M.C. Duméril, Bibron & A.H.A. Duméril, 1854) – southern Brazil and southern Paraguay to Argentina
Lystrophis histricus (Jan, 1863) – southern Brazil, Paraguay, and Uruguay to northeastern Argentina
Lystrophis nattereri (Steindachner, 1867) – southern Brazil
Lystrophis pulcher (Jan, 1863) – southern South America, parts of Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia
Lystrophis semicinctus (Duméril, Bibron & Duméril, 1854) – central Argentina to southern Bolivia and southwestern Brazil
Lystrophis dorbignyi is the type species for the genus Lystrophis.
Nota bene: A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than Lystrophis.
References
Further reading
Boulenger GA (1894). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xi + 382 pp. + Plates I–XX. (Genus Lystrophis, p. 151).
Cope ED (1885). "Twelfth Contribution to the Herpetology of Tropical America". Proc. American. Philos. Soc. 22 ["1884"]: 167–194. (Lystrophis, new genus, p. 193).
Tozetti AM, Pontes GMF, Martins MB, Oliveira RB (2010). "Temperature preferences of Xenodon dorbignyi : field and experimental observations". Herpetological Journal 20: 277–280.
Tozetti AM, Oliveira RB, Pontes GMF (2009). "Defensive repertoire of Xenodon dorbignyi (Serpentes, Dipsadidae)". Biota Neotropica (online edition in English) 9: 1–7.
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20100925051139/http://hognose.com/pages/species/lystrophis.htm
http://www.pardalisberlin.de/index.php/lystrophis
Colubrids
Reptiles of South America
Snake genera
Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope |
3997234 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bab%20er%20Robb | Bab er Robb | Bab er Robb () is a southern city gate in the historic medina of Marrakech, Morocco.
Location
The gate is located near Bab Agnaou and the Kasbah district. It leads to the roads that lead to the mountain towns of Amizmiz and Asni.
Historical background
While some historians believe the gate to be of Almohad origin (specifically under Ya'qub al-Mansur) due to its location relative to the Almohad Kasbah, architect and specialist of Moroccan architecture Quentin Wilbaux more recently argued that its location in the wider schema of the city suggests it was an original Almoravid gate. Both of them believe that Bab Neffis, another gate described in historical sources and named after the nearby Neffis (or N'fis) River, was most likely another name for the same gate. The word Robb or Rubb refers to a type of cooked wine whose vineyards were cultivated along the Neffis River and thus imported and regulated through this gate. A water basin measuring approximately 70 by 40 metres once existed outside this gate, in an area now covered by a cemetery, and was used for swimming practice.
Architectural design
Bab er-Robb is one of the most unusual gates in the city, and the only one to be located in an angle or corner of the walls. The main structure of the gate is a bastion inside which a bent passage enters from the north, performs a 180-degree turn, and then exits again to the north.
Today, the walls in the area have been moved around the gate's bastion such that both entrances of the gate, which face north, open inside the city walls. This obscures its original role as a passage in and out of the city. However, when the gate was studied by French scholars in 1912 the city wall had a different configuration: rather than attaching to the side of the gatehouse it attached to the middle of the gate's northern facade, between its two doorways, such that the left or eastern doorway was outside the city wall while the right or western one was inside the walls. Since both entrances still faced north, this meant that the outer entrance faced away from the countryside and towards the city walls; as a result, travelers coming from the south, outside the city, had to walk all the way around to the other side of the bastion in order to enter it from the north. Because of this uncharacteristic configuration, and based on comparisons with other gates of the city, Wilbaux has hypothesized that the city's ramparts in this area were altered and moved around the gate such that the entrances were reversed: the eastern doorway, which was the outer entrance in 1912, was originally located inside the city walls, while the western doorway (the inner entrance in 1912) was originally outside the city walls. This way, the bastion of the gate straddled the city wall and its design was equivalent to the original configuration of Bab Aghmat, the other southern gate of the city.
References
Buildings and structures completed in the 12th century
Almohad architecture
Gates of Marrakesh
Almoravid architecture |
3997245 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lyre%20of%20Orpheus | The Lyre of Orpheus | The Lyre of Orpheus may refer to:
The lyre belonging to the legendary Greek figure Orpheus
The Lyre of Orpheus (novel), a novel by Robertson Davies
Abattoir Blues / The Lyre of Orpheus, an album by Nick Cave and the Bad Seeds, or the song "The Lyre of Orpheus"
See also
Lyra, a constellation associated, in Greek mythology, with the lyre of Orpheus |
3997246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram%20Dury%C3%A9e | Abram Duryée | Abram Duryée (; April 29, 1815 – September 27, 1890) was a Union Army general during the American Civil War, the commander of one of the most famous Zouave regiments, the 5th New York Volunteer Infantry. After the war he was New York City Police Commissioner.
Birth and early years
Duryée was born in New York City to a family of soldiers of French Huguenot ancestry. His grandfather fought in the American Revolutionary War, and his father and two uncles were officers during the War of 1812. Graduating from the grammar school at Columbia College, Abram worked as a merchant and became wealthy as a mahogany importer in New York. In 1833, he joined the New York State Militia, serving in the 142nd New York Regiment. He moved on to the 27th Regiment (the 7th today) five years later. Starting as a private, he eventually rose to Colonel of the regiment in 1859. During his time in the militia, he led the regiment in the Astor Place Riot and was wounded twice. When he resigned his commission in 1859, it was against the protests of his colleagues.
Civil War
Just after the start of the Civil War, Duryée raised a new regiment, the 5th New York Volunteers, in less than a week. He became its colonel on May 14, 1861. It was one of the several Zouave units that were formed in the mid-19th century. "Duryée's Zouaves", as they became known, fought at Big Bethel. Duryée was appointed brigadier general, on August 31, 1861, to rank from that date. President Abraham Lincoln submitted the nomination to the U.S. Senate on December 21, 1861, and the Senate confirmed the nomination on February 3, 1862. Duryée was given command of a brigade in the division under General James B. Ricketts. He later fought in the Battle of Cedar Mountain, Second Battle of Bull Run, and several others. At the Battle of Antietam, he succeeded Ricketts as division commander, when the latter was wounded. He was not afraid to be in the thick of the action; he was wounded at Second Bull Run, South Mountain, and Antietam.
After Antietam, Duryée went on a short leave of absence, and, when he returned, was disheartened to find his brigade under the command of Brig. Gen. John Gibbon, who was his junior by date of rank. He resigned on January 5, 1863, after the army rejected his claims to his old command. Despite this, on July 20, 1866, President Andrew Johnson nominated Duryée for appointment to the brevet grade of major general of volunteers, to rank from March 13, 1865, and the U.S. Senate confirmed the nomination on July 26, 1866. He was also elected by the 71st New York Infantry Regiment as their colonel and as Brigadier General by the 4th New York Brigade, both of which he declined.
Later career
In 1873, Duryée was appointed New York City Police Commissioner. During his tenure as police commissioner, on January 13, 1874, Duryée led a force of 1,600 policemen to suppress a labor protest in Tompkins Square Park. Although there were no notices in sight to inform the crowd that the meeting's permit had been revoked, Commissioner Duryée led a squad of patrolmen into the crowd and ordered protestors to disperse. Police immediately began to attack the crowd using batons and mounted police charges. Samuel Gompers later described the scene in his memoirs, writing that "mounted police charged the crowd on Eighth Street, riding them down and attacking men, women, and children without discrimination. It was an orgy of brutality. I was caught in the crowd on the street and barely saved my head from being cracked by jumping down a cellarway." 46 protestors were arrested by the police, and ten were later arraigned on charges of assault and battery against police officers, aiding and inciting a riot, or with charges of "meeting and talking wildly in the streets." Speakers for the New York Committee of Safety, the organizers of the Tompkins Square protest, condemned Commissioner Duryée for having "charged his police upon inoffensive workingmen like so many 'bulldogs.'" Duryée defended the police's use of force: "It was the most glorious sight I ever saw the way the police broke and drove the crowd. Their order was perfect as they charged with their clubs uplifted."
In 1884, Duryée served as dockmaster.
Abram Duryée died in New York and is buried in Green-Wood Cemetery, Brooklyn.
Family
Gen. Duryee and his wife, Caroline Elizabeth Allen Duryee (1820–1905), had five children. His son Jacob Duryée (1839 – 1918), who was also a lieutenant colonel in the Civil War, and who was nominated by President Andrew Johnson on July 5, 1867, for appointment to the brevet grade brigadier general of volunteers to rank from March 13, 1865, which the U.S. Senate confirmed on July 19, 1867. Gen. Duryee's other children were Adelaide Allen Duryee (c. 1842–1911), Caroline Antoinette Duryee (1845–1918), William Allen Duryee (1850–1852), and Cordelia Wetmore Duryee (1854–1891).
See also
List of American Civil War generals (Union)
Notes
References
Eicher, John H., and Eicher, David J., Civil War High Commands, Stanford University Press, 2001, .
Warner, Ezra J., Generals in Blue: Lives of the Union Commanders, Louisiana State University Press, 1964, .
External links
Green-Wood Cemetery Burial Search
1815 births
1890 deaths
Union Army generals
Military personnel from New York City
People of New York (state) in the American Civil War
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
American people of French descent |
3997255 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swamp%20adder | Swamp adder | Swamp adder may refer to:
Proatheris superciliaris, a small viper found in East Africa.
The fictional Indian venomous snake in Arthur Conan Doyle's "The Adventure of the Speckled Band", in which the snake’s victim dies within 10 seconds. It is referred to as the most venomous snake in India . |
5390572 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20number-one%20singles%20of%202006%20%28Australia%29 | List of number-one singles of 2006 (Australia) | The ARIA Singles Chart ranks the best-performing singles in Australia. Its data, published by the Australian Recording Industry Association, is based collectively on each single's weekly physical and digital sales. In 2006, 14 singles claimed the top spot, including Lee Harding's "Wasabi"/"Eye of the Tiger", which started its peak position in late 2005.
Thirteen acts achieved their first number-one single in Australia, either as a lead or featured artist: Chris Brown, Bob Sinclar, Gary Pine, TV Rock, Seany B, Youth Group, Rihanna, Wyclef Jean, Sandi Thom, Green Day, Scissor Sisters, Damien Leith and Beyoncé. Five collaborations topped the chart. Thom's "I Wish I Was a Punk Rocker (With Flowers in My Hair)" was the longest-running number-one single of 2006, having topped the ARIA Singles Chart for ten consecutive weeks. Shakira's "Hips Don't Lie" topped the chart for nine consecutive weeks, Rihanna's "SOS" stayed at number-one for eight consecutive weeks, TV Rock's "Flaunt It" stayed at number-one for five weeks and Leith spent four weeks at number-one with "Night of My Life".
Chart history
Number-one artists
See also
2006 in music
List of number-one albums of 2006 (Australia)
References
2006 in Australian music
Australia Singles
2006 |
3997262 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20DesRochers | Patrick DesRochers | Patrick Joseph DesRochers (born 27 October 1979) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. He played 11 games in the National Hockey League with the Phoenix Coyotes and Carolina Hurricanes between 2001 and 2003. The rest of his career, which lasted from 1999 to 2013, was spent in the minor leagues or in Europe.
Playing career
He played junior hockey for the Sarnia Sting and Kingston Frontenacs of the Ontario Hockey League.
DesRochers played briefly for both the Phoenix Coyotes and Carolina Hurricanes of the NHL, but spent most of his professional career in the AHL with the Springfield Falcons (for whom he is the career leader among goaltenders in games played), Lowell Lock Monsters and San Antonio Rampage.
DesRochers went to Europe before the 2006-07 season, signing with ETC Crimmitschau. He spent 2007-08 with the Augsburger Panther of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga but became a free agent after the club decided to sign a German goalie. On 12 April 2008, he was presented as the new goaltender of Norwegian team Vålerenga.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Arizona Coyotes draft picks
Augsburger Panther players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Austria
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Norway
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Germany
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Carolina Hurricanes players
ETC Crimmitschau players
Dornbirn Bulldogs players
Franco-Ontarian people
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Kingston Frontenacs players
Lowell Lock Monsters players
National Hockey League first round draft picks
People from Penetanguishene
Phoenix Coyotes players
San Antonio Rampage players
Sarnia Sting players
Springfield Falcons players
Texas Wildcatters players
Vålerenga Ishockey players |
5390573 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brno%E2%80%93Tu%C5%99any%20Airport | Brno–Tuřany Airport | Brno–Tuřany Airport is an airport in Brno, Czech Republic. It is about from Brno's city center, on the edge of the historical Austerlitz battlefield. The airport is about from other international airports, such as Vienna Airport and Bratislava Airport and smaller international airports in Ostrava and Pardubice.
In 2019, 542,633 passengers passed through the Brno–Tuřany passenger terminal, making it the second busiest airport in the Czech Republic.
History
Early years
The airport was built during the 1950s as a replacement for the old Brno airport located in Slatina (northeast of Tuřany airport). In 1967, a new departure hall construction began. During the 1980s, the airport was handed over for use by the Czechoslovak air force, and civil operations were reduced to a minimum. Civil flights were operated during exhibitions and fairs taking place at Brno Exhibition Center. In 1986, the new departure hall and related facilities were completed. After the fall of communism in 1989, the airport returned to civil use, and was operated by the state-owned Czech Airport Authority.
Latest developments
At present, the South-Moravian local government owns the airport, and it is operated by a private company, Brno Airport Ltd. In November 2017, Brno Airport Ltd. was bought by the investment group Accolade.
The regional government of South Moravia Region entered negotiations on new routes, namely to Rome, Barcelona, Milan, and Lviv, in late 2017. As a result, a new airline company, Blue Air Moravia, was established owned jointly by city of Brno and the regional authority (35%) and the parent company Blue Air (65%), headquartered in Bucharest, Romania. However, this was cancelled and the airport was bought by Accolade Holding.
Facilities
The terminal consists of two concourses. The new departure hall that opened in 2006 is capable of handling 1,000 passengers per hour. The building was designed by architect Petr Parolek and is considered to be one of the most significant projects of Czech contemporary architecture and a striking example of the growing trend of organic architecture.
The airport offers some bars, a duty-free shop, car rentals, ATM and exchange office. The airport is covered by a free WiFi.
Cargo airlines such as ASL Airlines Belgium, Volga-Dnepr, or Antonov Design Bureau often use Brno Airport as one of their stopover points. The airport handled 9,679 tons of freight in 2009. Plans for building a new cargo terminal and industry zone are in talks of realization, which could take place in the near future.
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate flights to and from Brno:
Statistics
Annual passenger and cargo numbers
Ground transport
The airport is located within city limits, next to the D1 highway which runs from Prague to Bohumín through Brno. It is connected to the public transport network by daytime bus route E76, and night route N89, which both run to Brno hlavní nádraží (main railway station). The journey takes 16 minutes.
See also
List of airports in the Czech Republic
References
External links
Official website
Virtual tour of the airport
Airports in the Czech Republic
Brno
Airport
Buildings and structures in the South Moravian Region |
5390575 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hark%C3%A1ny | Harkány | Harkány () is a town in Baranya county, Hungary.
History
The area has been inhabited since medieval times, the name "Nagh Harkan" was mentioned in a document from the year 1323. The origin and meaning of the name harkány is unknown, but there are archaeological findings showing that the area was inhabited by Huns and Avars about 1000 years ago. Until the end of World War II, the majority of the Inhabitants was Danube Swabians, also called locally as Stifolder, because there Ancestors once came at the 17th century and 18th century from Fulda (district). Mostly of the former German Settlers was expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945-1948, about the Potsdam Agreement.
Only a few Germans of Hungary live there, the majority today are the descentant of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange. They got the houses of the former Danube Swabians Inhabitants.
Spa
Medical waters rich in sulfur were discovered by Pogány János in 1823, a well digger who sensed the warm waters had a good effect on his ill leg.
The medical benefits of the waters are proved in treatment of locomotor disorders, chronic gynaecological inflammations and lymphatic malfunctions and for psoriasis.
The spa is located in a huge 13.5-hectare primeval park, among hundreds of years old trees, where it awaits visitors who want to relax with a beach bath, spa and slide park. In addition to healing skin diseases, the bath water is also excellent for treating infertility problems.
Tourism
Since the discovery of the medical waters 150 years ago, the number of tourists visiting the spa of Harkány has reached one million people yearly.
Harkány is one of the most famous city spas; a lot of places of accommodation and recreation have been built. Most of the hotels are of European standards.
Harkány has a hospital for treatment of rheumatic related illnesses.
Twin towns – sister cities
Harkány is twinned with:
Băile Tușnad, Romania
Bačko Petrovo Selo, Serbia
References
External links
in Hungarian, English, German, Croatian, Czech and Russian
Harkány at funiq.hu
Additional information about Harkany Thermal Spa
Populated places in Baranya County
Thermal baths in Hungary |
3997265 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clay%20Records | Clay Records | Clay Records was an independent record label founded by Mike Stone in 1980 and based in a record shop in Stoke-on-Trent, UK.
History
Clay's first signing was local Stoke punk band Discharge who released the Realities of War single in April 1980. Stone distributed the single out of the boot of his car but it still made it into the top 10 of the indie chart in the music magazine Sounds. The label went on to sign artists including Play Dead, The Lurkers, Demon and G.B.H. Members of Clay went on to form Jungle Records in 1984.
Discography
Releases by Clay Records were:
7"/12" Releases
CLAY 1 (1980) - Discharge: Realities of War 7" EP
CLAY 2 (1980) - Plastic Idols: Adventure 7"
CLAY 3 (1980) - Discharge: Fight Back 7" EP
CLAY 4 (1980) - Demon: Liar 7"
CLAY 5 (1980) - Discharge: Decontrol 7" EP
CLAY 6 (1981) - Discharge: Never Again 7" EP
CLAY 7 (1981) - Dave EDGE: then world 7"
CLAY 8 (1982) - GBH: No Survivors 7" EP
CLAY 9 (1982) - Zanti Misfitz: Kidz Songs 7"
CLAY 10 (1982) - White Door: Way of the World 7"
CLAY 11 (1982) - GBH: Sick Boy 7" EP
CLAY 12 (1982) - The Lurkers: This Dirty Town 7"
CLAY 13 (1982) - Zanti Misfitz: Love Ends at 8 7"
CLAY 14 (1982) - Discharge: State Violence State Control 7"
CLAY 15 (1982) - White Door: Kings of the Orient 7"/12"
CLAY 16 (1982) - GBH: Give Me Fire 7"
CLAY 17 (1982) - The Lurkers: Drag You Out 7"
CLAY 17P (1982) - The Lurkers: Drag you Out 7" pic disc
CLAY 18 (1982) - KILLJOYS: this is not love 7"
CLAY 19 (1982) - LOWLIFE: logic & lust 7"
CLAY 20 unreleased
CLAY 21 (1983) - The Lurkers: Frankenstein Again 7"
CLAY 22 (1983) - GBH: Catch 23 7"
CLAY 23 (1983) - White Door: Love Breakdown 7"/12"
CLAY 24 (1983) - Abrasive Wheels: Jailhouse Rock 7"
CLAY 25 (1983) - Demon: The Plague 7"
CLAY 26 (1983) - White Door: Windows 7"
CLAY 27 (1983) - Sex Gang Children: Maurita Mayer 7"
CLAY 28 (1983) - Abrasive Wheels: Banner of Hope 7"
CLAY 29 (1983) - Discharge: The Price of Silence 7"
CLAY 30 (1983) - White Door: Jerusalem 7"
CLAY 31 (1984) - Play Dead: Break 7"/12"
CLAY 32 (1984) - The Lurkers: Let's Dance Again 7"
CLAY 33 (1984) - Abrasive Wheels: The Prisoner EP
CLAY 34 (1984) - Discharge: The More I See 7"/12"
CLAY 35 (1984) - Play Dead: Isobel 7"
CLAY 36 (1984) - GBH: Do What You Do 7"
CLAY 37 (1984) - White Door: Flame In My Heart 7"/12"
CLAY 39 (1984) - The Veil: Manikin 12"
CLAY 40 (1984) - Play Dead: Conspiracy 7"/12"
CLAY 41 (1985) - Demon: Wonderland 7"/12"
CLAY 42 (1985) - Play Dead: Sacrosanct 7"/12"
CLAY 43 (1985) - Discharge: Ignorance 7"/12"
CLAY 44 (1985) - Rebel Christening: Tribal Eye 12"
CLAY 45 (1985) - The Veil: Twist 7"
12" EP Releases
PLATE 1 (1981) - Product: Style Wars 12"
PLATE 2 (1981) - Discharge: Why 12"
PLATE 3 (1981) - GBH: Leather, Bristles, Studs and Acne 12"
PLATE 4 (1983) - Zanti Misfitz: Heroe's Are Go! 12"
PLATE 5 (1983) - Discharge: Warning 12"
PLATE 6 (1983) - English Dogs: Mad Punx and English Dogs 12"
PLATE 7 (1984) - The Lurkers: The Final Vinyl 12"
PLATE 8 (1986) - Demon: Sampler 12"
LP Releases
CLAY LP 1 (1979) - Grace: Grace LP
CLAY LP 2 (1981) - Grace: Grace Live LP
CLAY LP 3 (1982) - Discharge: Hear Nothing See Nothing Say Nothing LP
CLAY LP 4 (1982) - GBH: City Baby Attacked by Rats LP
CLAY LP 5 (1982) - GBH: Leather, Bristles, No Survivors and Sick Boys LP
CLAY LP 6 (1983) - Demon: The Plague LP
CLAY LP 7 (1983) - White Door: Windows LP
CLAY LP 8 (1983) - GBH: City Babys Revenge LP
CLAY LP 9 (1984) - Abrasive Wheels: Black Leather Girl LP
CLAY LP 10 (1984) - English Dogs: Invasion of the Porky Men LP
CLAY LP 11 (1984) - Play Dead: From the Promised Land LP
CLAY LP 12 (1984) - Discharge: Never Again LP
CLAY LP 14 (1984) - The Veil: Surrender
CLAY LP 15 (1985) - Demon: British Standard Approved LP
CLAY LP 16 (1985) - Play Dead: Into the Fire LP
CLAY LP 17 (1985) - They Only Come Out at Night Compilation LP
CLAY LP 18 (1985) - Demon: Heart of Our Times LP
CLAY LP 19 (1986) - Discharge: Grave New World LP
CLAY LP 20 (1986) - Play Dead: The Singles 1982-1985 LP
CLAY LP 21 (1986) - GBH: The Clay Years: 1981-1984 LP
CLAY LP 22 (1987) - Demon: The Unexpected Guest LP
CLAY LP 23 (1987) - Demon: Breakout LP
CLAY LP 24 (1987) - Discharge: 1980-1986 LP
CLAY LP 25 (1988) - Demon: Night of the Demon LP
CLAY LP 26 (1988) - Climax Blues Band: Drastic Steps LP
CLAY LP 105 (1990) - Driven To Death Compilation LP
See also
List of record labels
Companies based in Stoke-on-Trent
Defunct record labels of the United Kingdom
British independent record labels
Punk record labels
Record labels established in 1980 |
3997267 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kegg%20Pipe%20Organ%20Builders | Kegg Pipe Organ Builders | Kegg Pipe Organ Builders is a manufacturer of pipe organs based out of Hartville, Ohio, U.S.A.
The company was founded by Charles E. Kegg in 1985. Kegg had previously worked with a number of organ building firms, including Casavant Frères. He worked on organs of a wide variety of sizes, from four stops up to over 100 stops.
Kegg founded his own company out of a desire to provide electric action instruments that are mechanically innovative and tonally well designed. His company's philosophy when it comes to instruments is to build organs that are "American" in character instead of copying other older styles.
Since the founding of the company, Kegg has produced over forty instruments. His company also has been involved in restoring instruments — for example by making replacement consoles and restoring historic organs, especially Moller and Aeolian player organs and Welte Philharmonic organs.
References
External links
Kegg Pipe Organ Builders
Pipe organ building companies
Manufacturing companies based in Ohio
Stark County, Ohio
Manufacturing companies established in 1985
Musical instrument manufacturing companies of the United States
1985 establishments in Ohio |
5390576 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%20fogey | Young fogey | "Young fogey" is a term humorously applied, in British context, to some younger-generation, rather buttoned-down men, many of whom were writers and journalists. The term is attributed to Alan Watkins writing in 1984 in The Spectator.. However the term “Young-fogey conservative” was used by Larry Niven in Lucifer’s Hammer and by Philip Roth in The Professor of Desire, both in 1977.
"Young fogey" is still used to describe conservative young men (aged approximately between 15 and 40) who dress in a vintage style (usually that of the 1920s-1930s, also known as the "Brideshead" look, after the influence of the Evelyn Waugh novel Brideshead Revisited). Young fogeys tend towards erudite, conservative cultural pursuits, especially art and traditional architecture, rather than sports. The young fogey style of dress also has some surface similarity with the American preppy style, but is endogenous to the United Kingdom and Anglo-centric areas of the British Commonwealth such as Australia, Canada and New Zealand.
History
The movement reached its peak in the late 1980s and early 1990s with champions such as A. N. Wilson, Gavin Stamp, John Martin Robinson, Simon Heffer and Charles Moore when it had a relatively widespread following in Southern England, but has declined since. Though generally a middle class phenomenon, it had a wider influence on fashions in the 1980s. Young fogeys are rarely rich or upper class and sometimes make a style virtue of genteel poverty, especially when rescuing old houses. They often combine a conservative cultural outlook with a distaste of Conservative political activity. Often Roman Catholic or Anglo-catholic in religious observance, their conservative outlook extends to refuting progressive theology.
Today committed young fogeys may be found amongst students at Oxford, Cambridge, Durham, Edinburgh and St Andrews universities; and at some universities in the Commonwealth, notably the University of Queensland and the University of Sydney. Adherents tend to concentrate in some professions: in particular the antiques and art dealing, residential estate agency, conservative classical architecture practices and certain strata of the Roman Catholic and Anglican churches. Strongholds of young fogeys include the Oxford University Conservative Association and Trinity College, Cambridge, but they are also seen elsewhere, with a smattering being found among Englishmen in University Conservative Associations everywhere.
People
Irish broadcaster Ryan Tubridy, who hosts The Late Late Show, has described himself as a "young fogey".
British Member of Parliament Jacob Rees-Mogg was described as a "young fogey" after his 2010 election to Westminster.
British writer, editor, and broadcaster Anthony Lejeune was described by The Times as: "always out of period, a misfit in the modern world for whom the term 'young fogey' might have been invented".
Publications
Suzanne Lowry, The Young Fogey Handbook: a guide to backward mobility. Javelin Books, 1985. , , 96 pages
The Chap magazine
John Martin Robinson and Alexandra Artley The New Georgian Handbook. Harpers, London, 1985
See also
and of old fogey
References
External links
The Young Fogey - An Elegy, 2003 Spectator article
Reflections of a Young Fogey
1980s neologisms
Academic culture
Age-related stereotypes
Conservatism in the United Kingdom
English culture
Fashion aesthetics
History of subcultures
Slang
Social class subcultures
Social groups
Youth culture in the United Kingdom |
5390577 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esbjerg%20Airport | Esbjerg Airport | Esbjerg Airport () is a small airport located 5 nautical miles (9.2 km) northeast of Esbjerg, Denmark. The airport was opened on April 4, 1971. The primary use of Esbjerg Airport is as a heliport for flying offshore out to the North Sea oil and gas platforms.
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at the airport:
Statistics
See also
List of the largest airports in the Nordic countries
References
AIP Denmark: Esbjerg - EKEB
VFR Flight Guide Denmark: Esbjerg - EKEB
External links
Official website
Airports in Denmark
Esbjerg
Buildings and structures in Esbjerg Municipality |
3997283 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201936%20Summer%20Olympics | Canada at the 1936 Summer Olympics | Canada competed at the 1936 Summer Olympics in Berlin, Germany. 97 competitors, 79 men and 18 women, took part in 69 events in 12 sports.
In preparation for the Olympics, Canadian Olympic Committee secretary-treasurer Fred Marples urged for branches of the Amateur Athletic Union of Canada (AAU of C) to raise funds to make the Canadian Olympic team as large as it could be. He stated that the Government of Canada would contribute C$10,000 towards the national team, and that the Olympic Committee sought to maximize profits from the 1936 Canadian Track and Field Championships to provide additional funding for the Olympic team.
AAU of C president W. A. Fry self-published a book covering Canadian achievements at the 1936 Winter Olympics and 1936 Summer Olympics. His 1936 book, Canada at eleventh Olympiad 1936 in Germany : Garmisch-Partenkirchen, February 6th to 13th, Berlin, August 1st to 16th, was printed by the Dunnville Chronicle presses and subtitled an official report of the Canadian Olympic Committee. He wrote that Canadians did very well at the 1936 Olympic games despite having one-tenth of the population of other countries. He opined that the length of the Canadian winter negatively affected summer training, and that Canadian athletes were underfunded compared to other countries.
Medalists
Gold
Frank Amyot — Canoeing, Men's C-1 1000m
Silver
Gordon Aitchison, Ian Allison, Arthur Chapman, Chuck Chapman, Edward Dawson, Irving Meretsky, Stanley Nantais, James Stewart, Malcolm Wiseman, Doug Peden — Basketball, Men's Team Competition
John Loaring — Athletics, Men's 400m Hurdles
Frank Saker and Harvey Charters — Canoeing, Men's C-2 10000m
Bronze
Dorothy Brookshaw, Mildred Dolson, Hilda Cameron, Aileen Meagher — Athletics, Women's 4 × 100 m Relay
Elizabeth Taylor — Athletics, Women's 80m Hurdles
Phil Edwards —Athletics, Men's 800 metres
Frank Saker and Harvey Charters — Canoeing, Men's C-2 1000m
Joseph Schleimer — Wrestling, Men's Freestyle Welterweight (66–72 kg)
Athletics
Basketball
Boxing
Canoeing
Cycling
Six cyclists, all male, represented Canada in 1936.
Individual road race
Lionel Coleman
George Crompton
Rusty Peden
George Turner
Team road race
Lionel Coleman
George Crompton
Rusty Peden
George Turner
Sprint
Doug Peace
Time trial
Bob McLeod
Team pursuit
Lionel Coleman
George Crompton
Bob McLeod
George Turner
Diving
Fencing
Eight fencers, five men and three women, represented Canada in 1936.
Men's foil
Charles Otis
Ernest Dalton
Don Collinge
Men's team foil
Bertrand Boissonnault, Don Collinge, George Tully, Charles Otis, Ernest Dalton
Men's épée
George Tully
Ernest Dalton
Bertrand Boissonnault
Men's team épée
Don Collinge, Ernest Dalton, Charles Otis, George Tully
Men's sabre
George Tully
Don Collinge
Charles Otis
Men's team sabre
Ernest Dalton, Charles Otis, George Tully, Don Collinge
Women's foil
Aileen Thomas
Nancy Archibald
Kathleen Hughes-Hallett
Rowing
Canada had ten rowers participate in two out of seven rowing events in 1936.
Men's single sculls
Charles Campbell
Men's eight
Cedric Liddell
Grey McLeish
Joseph Harris
Ben Sharpe
Jack Cunningham
Charles Matteson
Harry Fry
Sandy Saunders
Les MacDonald (cox)
Sailing
Swimming
Wrestling
Art competitions
References
Nations at the 1936 Summer Olympics
1936
Summer Olympics |
5390583 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bergerac%20Dordogne%20P%C3%A9rigord%20Airport | Bergerac Dordogne Périgord Airport | Bergerac Dordogne Périgord Airport () is an airport serving Bergerac, a commune of the Dordogne department (formerly the Périgord province) in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. The airport is located south-southeast of Bergerac. It is also known as Bergerac-Roumanière Airport.
Facilities
The airport is situated at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated 10/28 which measures . It also has a parallel unpaved runway with a grass surface measuring .
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
External links
Official website
Airports in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Buildings and structures in Dordogne |
3997288 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maylene%20and%20the%20Sons%20of%20Disaster%20%28album%29 | Maylene and the Sons of Disaster (album) | Maylene & The Sons of Disaster is the debut studio album by Maylene and the Sons of Disaster. The album was released on October 25, 2005 through Mono vs Stereo.
Background
Vocalist Dallas Taylor was originally the vocalist for Underoath, releasing three albums with the band. Prior to recording the band's fourth album, They're Only Chasing Safety, Taylor left the band for various reasons. In early 2004 Taylor sang for the musical group The New Tragic, featuring Phillip Reardon of From First to Last. Taylor formed Maylene and the Sons of Disaster in late–2004 with Scott Collum, Josh Cornutt, Roman Haviland, and Lee Turner. The band signed with Mono vs Stereo and began recording their debut album. Cornutt left the band after production ended, before the album's release, being replaced by Josh Williams.
Track listing
Personnel
Maylene and the Sons of Disaster
Dallas Taylor – lead vocals
Scott Collum – lead guitar
Josh Cornutt – rhythm guitar, bass
Roman Haviland – bass, backing vocals
Lee Turner – drums, percussion
Additional personnel
Bradley Lehman - Bass
Brad Blackwell – fiddle
Jacob Bunton – acoustic guitar, mandolin, additional vocals
Chris Mosley – additional vocals
Rodney Reaves – additional vocals
Michael Swann – resonator guitar, slide guitar
Eric Chapman – engineer
Jason Elgin – engineer, mixing, producer
Roger Lian – mastering
Brad Moist – A&R
Matthew Lorne Clark - Guitar, additional vocals
References
2005 debut albums
Maylene and the Sons of Disaster albums
Mono vs Stereo albums |
3997294 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sof%C3%ADa%20Z%C3%A1molo | Sofía Zámolo | Sofía Lisa Zámolo (born March 21, 1983) is an Argentine model, actress and television presenter.
Biography
Sofía Lisa Zámolo was born on March 21, 1983, in San Isidro, Buenos Aires, Argentina. She is the daughter of Diether Zámolo, a lawyer and Cristina Guerrero, a travel agent. She has one sister and two brothers. Sofía Zámolo study in the Colegio Carmen Arriola de Marín.
Personal life
On November 24, 2016, she married in a civil ceremony with José Félix Uriburu, a businessman. On November 25, 2016, the party was held in Closed Neighborhood Santa Catalina Puerta 1 in Tigre Partido. On December 9, 2016, she got married in a religious ceremony with José Félix Uriburu in the church of José Ignacio in Punta del Este, Uruguay. On October 29, 2020, California Uriburu Zámolo was born by Caesarean section.
Career
Modeling career
Sofía Zámolo started working as an advertising and runway model at age 16, when a friend of her dad's introduced her to an agency.
Sofía Zámolo became famous in 2001 thanks to the Revista Gente where she made the cover La Rubia y la Morocha with Karina Jelinek. Thanks to the cover of the Revista Gente, Sofía works in Argentina, Chile, Paraguay, Peru, Dominican Republic, Miami, Madrid, Paris and Uruguay. She carried out dozens of campaigns for various Argentine and Latin American clothing, lingerie, shoe and beauty brands.
In 2005 she was the face of Nueva Campaña Kaury.
In 2008, she carried out the autumn/winter 2008 campaign for the Sweet Jeans clothing brand and was the protagonist of the Brahma Paraguay 2008 Calendar.
In 2010 she was the face of L'Oréal when this brand organized an event in the city of Rosario, Santa Fe.
Sofía has been the cover of numerous Latin American magazines.
Television career
In 2007, Sofía traveled to Mexico to the Yucatán Peninsula to host the fashion and design event La flor más bella. Sofía debuted in the theater in the play Pa'que tengan in Villa Carlos Paz.
In 2008 she participated in the Bailando por un Sueño 2008.
In 2009, she makes a small participation in the youth television series Niní.
In 2010 she debuted as a host in Plan Belleza. In 2010 she participated in the Bailando 2010.
In 2011 she was summoned by Marcelo Tinelli to host the program La cocina del show with Mariano Iudica. In 2011 she participated in the Cantando 2011.
Filmography
Television
Television Programs
Theater
Videoclips
References
Argentine female models
1983 births
Living people
21st-century Argentine women
Participants in Argentine reality television series
Bailando por un Sueño (Argentine TV series) participants |
5390585 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biarritz%20Pays%20Basque%20Airport | Biarritz Pays Basque Airport | Biarritz Pays Basque Airport , also known as Biarritz Airport or Biarritz-Parme Airport, is an airport serving Biarritz, France. It is located southeast of Biarritz, near Bayonne and Anglet. In 2020, the Basque airport was shaken by the global pandemic and saw its infrastructure closed between March and May. A total of 383,366 passengers (down 64.04%) transited through the platform. In 2019, the airport welcomed the aircraft of many delegations during the G7 meeting organized in Biarritz.
The airport opened on 11 April 1954.
Facilities
The airport is 245 feet (75 m) above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated 09/27 which measures 2,250 by 45 metres (7,382 ft × 148 ft).
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights to and from Biarritz:
Statistics
Passengers
Movements
Access
The airport is serviced by three bus routes (C, 14, 48), delivering travellers to Biarritz, Bayonne, and Anglet, as well as Bidart and Hendaye. Passengers heading to nearby Spain can take buses operated to Irun, San Sebastian, Pamplona, and Bilbao. Taxis are also accessible at the airport.
References
French Aeronautical Information Publication for (PDF) – BIARRITZ BAYONNE ANGLET
External links
Biarritz – Anglet – Bayonne Airport
Air Club
Aéroport de Biarritz-Anglet-Bayonne (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Buildings and structures in Pyrénées-Atlantiques
Biarritz
1954 establishments in France
Airports established in 1954 |
5390587 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Third%20country%20national | Third country national | Third country national (TCN) is a term often used in the context of migration, referring to individuals who are in transit and/or applying for visas in countries that are not their country of origin (i.e. country of transit), in order to go to a destination country that is likewise not their country of origin. In the European Union, the term is often used, together with "foreign national" and "non-EU foreign national", to refer to individuals who are neither from the EU country in which they are currently living or staying, nor from other member states of the European Union.
In terms of employment, the term is often used to designate "an employee working temporarily in an assignment country, who is neither a national of the assignment country nor of the country in which the corporate headquarters is located."
In the US, it is often used to describe individuals of other nationalities hired by a government or government sanctioned contractor who represent neither the contracting government nor the host country or area of operations. This is most often those performing on government contracts in the role of a private military contractor. The term can also be used to describe foreign workers employed by private industry and citizens in a country such as Kuwait in which it is common to outsource work to non-citizens.
Refugees
According to IRIN,
Unlike refugees who are protected by international conventions, third-country nationals (TCNs), who neither belong to the country of refuge or the one they fled, are not covered by any global rights conventions. It is often up to their governments to look after them and arrange for their repatriation.
Use of the term in the US
Generally speaking, the US government classifies contract personnel under one of three headings:
Expatriates - those personnel who are of the same nationality as the contracting government. (In Iraq, foreign nationals working as a member of a US contractor are regarded as expatriates)
TCN (third country national) – those personnel of a separate nationality to both the contracting government and the AO or "area of operations".
HCNs (host country nationals), LNs (local nationals), Indigs (indigenous personnel) – those personnel who are indigenous to the area of operations.
Examples of this hierarchy are as follows:
Contract personnel being used by the US government to fight the global war on terror in Iraq consist of Expatriates, namely those personnel of US citizenship that represent a private military contractor being contracted by the US Government, Indigenous Iraqi and Kurdish personnel and TCNs such as are currently being employed by many of the private military contracting firms currently under contract.
TCNs such as have been employed by the United States military (through contractors) for operations in the Middle East for many years. The accommodations, security, and treatment of TCNs can vary greatly from the way that U.S. and multinational coalition personnel are treated. Their contracts often require them to work for four years continuously without a break to return to their home countries. Many TCN contractors have also been lured by preemployment deals that have guaranteed them the job as long as they give a percentage of their pay to an 'employment agent' or 'representative'. TCN housing compounds are generally in less secure areas outside of the main base. As a result, many TCNs in such high-risk areas have been injured or killed, however most military installations will provide life-saving medical care as required.
Since April 2006, the Pentagon now demands that contractors fight labor trafficking and low quality working conditions in Iraq endured by tens of thousands of low-paid south Asians working under US-funded contracts in Iraq.
In an April 19 memorandum to all Pentagon contractors in Iraq and Afghanistan, the Joint Contracting Command demands that the widespread practice of taking away workers passports come to end. Contractors engaging in the practice, states the memo, must immediately "cease and desist."
Despite the Pentagon crackdown, civilian contractors still report problems of poor working conditions.
Use of the term in Europe
In Europe, the word third country national is often used for any person who is not a citizen of the European Union within the meaning of Art. 20(1) of TFEU and who is not a person enjoying the European Union right to free movement, as defined in Art. 2(5) of the Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code).
Some European regulations deal with third country national, for instance:
Art. 3(1) of Directive 2008/115/EC (Return Directive)
Art. 2(6) of Regulation (EU) 2016/399 (Schengen Borders Code)
Depending on the used definition, people from Norway, Iceland, Liechtenstein (European Economic Area) and Switzerland might be considered as third country national or non third country national.
While EU nationals might have a right to cross internal borders, such right might be more limited for TCN.
See also Visa policy of the Schengen Area
See also
Foreign national
Foreign worker
References
External links
Definition of "Third Country National" on the Eurofound website.
Blood, Sweat & Tears: Asia’s Poor Build U.S. Bases in Iraq, by David Phinney, CorpWatch October 3rd, 2005
Pentagon Attacks Labor Trafficking by US Contractors, by David Phinney, CorpWatch, April 24th, 2006
US Fortress Rises in Baghdad, by David Phinney, CorpWatch, October 17th, 2006
Probe into Iraq Trafficking Claims, CNN.com, May 5, 2004
Indian Contract Workers in Iraq Complain of Exploitation, New York Times, May 7th, 2004
Underclass of Workers Created in Iraq, Washington Post, July 1, 2004
Private military contractors
Human migration
Immigration law
International factor movements |
3997303 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyler%20Moss | Tyler Moss | Tyler Moss (born June 29, 1975) is a Canadian former professional ice hockey goaltender. Moss played for the Carolina Hurricanes, Calgary Flames and Vancouver Canucks of the National Hockey League (NHL).
Playing career
Moss played junior for the local Nepean Raiders and the Kingston Frontenacs from 1991 until 1995. He was drafted in the second round, 29th overall, by the Tampa Bay Lightning in the 1993 NHL Entry Draft. He turned professional in 1995 with the Atlanta Knights and was eventually traded to the Calgary Flames in 1997. He would play 17 games for the Flames before he was traded to the Pittsburgh Penguins in 2000. He played for the Carolina Hurricanes in 2000-01 before being demoted to the minors. He remained in the North American minor leagues until 2005, when he left to play for HC Spartak Moscow.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
Awards and records
1995 - OHL First All-Star Team
1993 - OHL All-Rookie Team
1998 - Harry "Hap" Holmes Memorial Award (fewest goals against - AHL) (shared with Jean-Sebastien Giguere)
References
External links
1975 births
Adirondack Red Wings players
Amur Khabarovsk players
Atlanta Knights players
Calgary Flames players
Canadian expatriate ice hockey players in Russia
Canadian ice hockey goaltenders
Carolina Hurricanes players
Cincinnati Cyclones (IHL) players
Edmonton Road Runners players
Florida Hammerheads players
HC Spartak Moscow players
Ice hockey people from Ontario
Kansas City Blades players
Kingston Frontenacs players
Living people
Lowell Lock Monsters players
Manitoba Moose players
Nepean Raiders players
Saint John Flames players
Sportspeople from Ottawa
Tampa Bay Lightning draft picks
Toronto Roadrunners players
Vancouver Canucks players
Wilkes-Barre/Scranton Penguins players |
5390588 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sixto%20Rodriguez | Sixto Rodriguez | Sixto Diaz Rodriguez (born July 10, 1942), known professionally as Rodriguez, is an American singer-songwriter from Detroit, Michigan. Though his career was initially met with little fanfare in the United States, he found success in South Africa, Australia (touring the country twice), and New Zealand. Unbeknownst to him for decades, his music was extremely successful and influential in South Africa, where he is believed to have sold more records than Elvis Presley, as well as other countries in Southern Africa. Information about him was scarce, and it was incorrectly rumored there that he had committed suicide shortly after releasing his second album.
In the 1990s, determined South African fans managed to find and contact Rodriguez, which led to an unexpected revival of his musical career. This was told in the 2012 Academy Award-winning documentary film Searching for Sugar Man and helped give Rodriguez a measure of fame in his home country. In May 2013, Rodriguez received an honorary Doctor of Humane Letters degree from his alma mater, Wayne State University, in Detroit.
Rodriguez has been living in Detroit's historic Woodbridge neighborhood, through which he is seen walking in Searching for Sugar Man. He lives a simple life, possessing no telephone or cell phone, and occasionally visiting bars in the Cass Corridor section of Detroit near Woodbridge and Midtown Detroit, such as the Old Miami pub, where he has performed live concerts for small local crowds.
Biography
Early life
Rodriguez was born in 1942 in Detroit, Michigan. He was the sixth child of Mexican immigrant working-class parents. He was named Sixto (pronounced "Seex-toh") because he was their sixth son. His father had emigrated to the United States from Mexico in the 1920s; his mother was Native American. They had joined a large influx of Mexicans who came to the midwest to work in Detroit's industries. Mexican immigrants at that time faced both intense alienation and marginalization. In most of his songs, Rodriguez takes a political stance on the difficulties that faced the inner city poor.
Rodriguez earned a Bachelor of Philosophy from Wayne State University's Monteith College in 1981.
Recording career
In 1967, using the name "Rod Riguez" (given by his record label), he released a single, "I'll Slip Away", on the small Impact label. He did not record again for three years, until he signed with Sussex Records, an offshoot of Buddah Records. He used his preferred professional name, "Rodriguez", after that. He recorded two albums with Sussex, Cold Fact in 1970 and Coming from Reality in 1971. However, both sold few copies in the U.S. and he was quickly dropped by Sussex, which itself closed in 1975. At the time he was dropped, he was in the process of recording a third album which has never been released.
Rodriguez quit his music career and in 1976 he purchased a derelict Detroit house in a government auction for $50 (US$ in dollars) in which he still lives as of 2013. He worked in demolition and production line work, always earning a low income. He remained politically active and motivated to improve the lives of the city's working-class inhabitants and has run unsuccessfully several times for public office: for the Detroit City Council in 1989, for Mayor of Detroit in 1981 and 1993 and for the Michigan House of Representatives in 2000.
In 2013, it was announced that Rodriguez was in discussions with Steve Rowland, the producer of his Coming From Reality album. "I've written about thirty new songs," Rodriguez told Rolling Stone magazine. "He told me to send him a couple of tapes, so I'm gonna do that. I certainly want to look him up, because now he's full of ideas."
Fame abroad
Although Rodriguez remained relatively unknown in his home country, by the mid-1970s his albums were starting to gain significant airplay in Australia, Botswana, New Zealand, South Africa and Zimbabwe.
When imported copies of his Sussex albums were sold out, an Australian record label, Blue Goose Music, bought the Australian rights to his recordings. Blue Goose released his two studio albums as well as a compilation album, At His Best, that featured unreleased recordings from 1973 – "Can't Get Away", "I'll Slip Away" (a re-recording of his first single), and "Street Boy".
At His Best went platinum in South Africa, which at one stage was the major disc-press source of his music to the rest of the world. Rodriguez was compared to contemporaries such as Bob Dylan and Cat Stevens. Many of his songs carry anti-establishment themes, and therefore boosted anti-apartheid protest culture in South Africa where his work influenced the music scene at the time and was also a considerable influence on a generation drafted, mostly unwillingly, to the then whites-only South African military. Reportedly, anti-apartheid activist Steve Biko was also a Rodriguez fan.
Rodriguez was also successful in Australia and performed two concert tours across the country in 1979 and 1981.
In 1991, both of his albums were released on CD in South Africa for the first time, which helped preserve his fame. However, few details of his life were known to his fans and it was rumored that he had killed himself during a concert in the 1970s.
Despite his success abroad, Rodriguez's fame in South Africa had remained unknown to him until 1997 when his eldest daughter came across a website dedicated to him. After contacting the website and learning of his fame in the country, Rodriguez went on his first South African tour, playing six concerts before thousands of fans. A documentary, Dead Men Don't Tour: Rodriguez in South Africa 1998, was screened on SABC TV in 2001. He also performed in Sweden before returning to South Africa in 2001 and 2005.
In 1998, Rodriguez's signature song, "Sugar Man", was covered by the South African rock band Just Jinger and the Scottish singer-songwriter Paolo Nutini. In 2002, it was used by disc-jockey David Holmes to open his mix album, Come Get It I Got It, gaining Rodriguez more international airplay. "Sugar Man" had previously gained even more fame by having been sampled in the song "You're Da Man" in rapper Nas's 2001 album Stillmatic.
In April 2007 and 2010, he returned to Australia to play at the East Coast Blues & Roots Music Festival, as well as sell out shows in Adelaide, Melbourne and Sydney. His song "Sugar Man" was featured in the 2006 film Candy, starring Heath Ledger. Singer-songwriter Ruarri Joseph covered Rodriguez's song "Rich Folks Hoax" for his third studio album. Irish singer-songwriter Darragh O'Dea mentions Rodriguez and references "Inner City Blues" in his 2020 single "Lost Dog Loyal". Rodriguez continues to tour in various countries.
Rodriguez's albums Cold Fact and Coming from Reality were re-released by Light in the Attic Records in 2009.
In 2014, the French deep house and electro music producer The Avener released a new version of "Hate Street Dialogue" originally appearing in Rodriguez's album Cold Fact. The new version by The Avener features Rodriguez's vocals. The release charted in France.
Searching for Sugar Man
In 2012, the Sundance Film Festival hosted the premiere of the documentary film Searching for Sugar Man, by Swedish director Malik Bendjelloul, detailing the efforts of two South African fans to see if his rumored death was true and, if not, to discover what had become of him. The documentary, produced by Simon Chinn and John Battsek, went on to win the World Cinema Special Jury Prize and the Audience Award, World Cinema Documentary.
In addition to playing at other film festivals including the True/False Film Festival and the Traverse City Film Festival, the film opened in New York and Los Angeles on July 27, 2012, before a larger domestic cinematic run. It was also screened as part of cinema programs in some European music festivals during the summer of 2012, including the Way Out West festival in August, where Rodriguez also performed. In November it won both the Audience Award and the Best Music Documentary Award at the International Documentary Film Festival Amsterdam.
The Searching for Sugar Man soundtrack features a compilation of Rodriguez tracks from his albums Cold Fact and Coming from Reality, in addition to three previously unreleased songs from his third unfinished album. The album was released on July 24, 2012. To allay possible concerns raised in the film about how Rodriguez was apparently cheated by his previous record label, the back cover bears the statement, "Rodriguez receives royalties from the sale of this release."
Searching for Sugar Man won the BAFTA Award for Best Documentary on February 10, 2013.
On January 13, 2013, Searching for Sugar Man was nominated for and, on February 24, 2013, won the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature at the 85th Academy Awards. Rodriguez declined to attend the award ceremony as he did not want to overshadow the filmmakers' achievement. Upon accepting his award, Chinn remarked on such generosity, "That just about says everything about that man and his story that you want to know." Malik Bendjelloul also said on stage, "Thanks to one of the greatest singers ever, Rodriguez."
Belated success in the United States
Since the cinematic release of Searching for Sugar Man in 2012, Rodriguez has experienced a flush of media exposure and fan interest in the United States, as well as Europe. He appeared as a musical guest on the Late Show with David Letterman on August 14, 2012, performing "Crucify Your Mind", and performed "Can't Get Away" on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno on January 11, 2013.
Prominent news coverage has included a mid-August 2012 CNN feature story with an interview of Rodriguez discussing his life and career resurgence. On October 7, 2012, Rodriguez was featured on the U.S. television news program 60 Minutes. On November 18, 2012, Rodriguez was interviewed on the U.K. Sunday morning news program The Andrew Marr Show, where he also played a short song over the closing credits. He performed on the BBC2 program Later... with Jools Holland on November 16, 2012, and was interviewed by Holland. Additionally, he has performed on Internet web series shows such as The Weekly Comet.
The film Searching for Sugar Man strongly implies that Rodriguez may have been cheated out of royalties over the years, specifically by Clarence Avant. This matter is still under investigation, and the legal issues are complicated. Rodriguez first expressed indifference to these "symbols of success" but has since decided to pursue the matter.
In addition to concerts in Australia, South Africa and New Zealand, Rodriguez's tour schedule for 2013 included his most highly attended U.S. concerts to date, such as a stint at the Beacon Theatre in New York City in April and a spot at the 2014 Sasquatch Music Festival at The Gorge Amphitheatre, as well as other concerts in Europe. He played on the Park Stage at the Glastonbury Festival, U.K., in June 2013. On July 5, 2013, Rodriguez opened the Montreux Jazz festival. On August 10, 2013, he headlined at the Wilderness Festival in the U.K. In 2015, he opened for Brian Wilson's tour with Wilson, Al Jardine and Blondie Chaplin of The Beach Boys.
Rodriguez received additional marketing in 2014 as the Dave Matthews Band often covered "Sugar Man" in their summer tour. Matthews would often preface the song with his experience as a fan of Rodriguez growing up in South Africa and his surprise at Rodriguez's lack of popularity in the United States.
Recent activity
In 2015, Craig Bartholomew Strydom and Stephen "Sugar" Segerman published a book entitled Sugar Man: The Life, Death and Resurrection of Sixto Rodriguez. A review in Business Day called the book "probably one of the most unusual rock 'n roll stories out there".
Rodriguez continues to tour the United States and Canada. He headlined a tour in August 2018, ending with a hometown show at Detroit's Garden Theater.
Personal life
Rodriguez has three daughters and is separated from his second wife, Konny Koskos. His family is heavily involved in his career and he often takes them along on the road.
Discography
Albums
Studio albums
1970: Cold Fact
1971: Coming from Reality
Live albums
1981: Rodriguez Alive (Australia)
1998: Live Fact (South Africa)
2016: Rodriguez Rocks: Live In Australia (Australia)
Compilations
1976: After the Fact (reissue of Coming from Reality) (South Africa)
1977: At His Best (Australia)
1982: The Best of Rodriguez (South Africa)
2005: Sugarman: The Best of Rodriguez (South Africa)
2012: Searching for Sugar Man (soundtrack)
2013: Coffret Rodriguez (2-CD set of Cold Fact and Coming from Reality) FR #114
Album reissues
Singles
Singles featured in
"Sugar Man" is also included in the 2006 Australian film Candy.
References
External links
The article on Sixto's ethnicity.
Official website of Rodriguez
September 2008 interview with the L.A. Record
Guardian (UK) article
Sydney Morning Herald article
Official reissue 2008
Cold Fact review
Interview on RocknRollDating
Mail & Guardian February 20, 1998: Fact: Rodriguez lives
The Mystery of the Sugar Man, The Economist, 2012
1942 births
20th-century American singers
21st-century American singers
American folk singers
American musicians of Mexican descent
American folk guitarists
American rock singers
Living people
American rock songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Wayne State University alumni
American rock guitarists
American acoustic guitarists
American male guitarists
20th-century American guitarists
21st-century American guitarists
Singers from Detroit
Guitarists from Detroit
20th-century American male singers
21st-century American male singers
Hispanic and Latino American musicians
Singer-songwriters from Michigan |
5390590 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sellye | Sellye | Sellye (; ) is a town in Baranya county, Hungary. It is the centre of the Ormánság, a region located in the southern part of Baranya county.
History
According to László Szita the settlement was completely Hungarian in the 18th century.
Twin towns — sister cities
Sellye is twinned with:
Gnas, Austria
Grubišno Polje, Croatia
References
External links
in Hungarian
Populated places in Baranya County |
3997304 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Hopkins%20School%20people | List of Hopkins School people | The following is a list of Hopkins School people in alphabetical order. This includes alumni and/or faculty from Hopkins in any of its past forms (Hopkins School, Hopkins Grammar School).
References
Hopkins School
Hopkins School |
3997313 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandy%20McCartin | Mandy McCartin | Mandy McCartin (born 10 April 1958) is an English artist based in London, a "proud butch lesbian" and DJ "classic soul fanatic".
Life and work
Mandy McCartin was born in Sheffield, England, and went to North East London Polytechnic (now the University of East London). She describes herself as from a working-class background and this is reflected in her images which are often of characters in inner city settings, painted in an intense way with different media including spray can graffiti.
Shows have included William Jackson Gallery (Cork Street), Whitechapel Open, Battersea Arts Centre, New Contemporaries (ICA), and James Coleman.
McCartin describes her work as paintings of "real people living on the edges of society, emotional moments in the struggle to survive."
Stuckists founder Charles Thomson has always endorsed her work and sees it as "an intense visual confection of urban life."
David Prudames has reviewed it as "snapshot images positively bustle with human activity, delving beneath the surface of city life's rougher side. Tube Girls is all attitude and Charity Shop's colourful confusion barks out aggression to the staccato rhythm of a busy street."
Noted author (and lawyer) Andrew Vachss has included McCartin on his website as one of "the artists we respect".
She has been regularly exhibited as a guest artist with the Stuckists in London. She was one of the four joint winners of their Real Turner Prize Show 2002 and was a featured artist in their major show The Stuckists Punk Victorian at the Walker Art Gallery during the 2004 Liverpool Biennial. She is not a member of the group (by choice), but "does like them".
Books
Monograph with introduction by Cherry Smyth (1996), "From the Street" éditions Aubrey Walter, London,
Ed. Frank Milner (2004), "The Stuckists Punk Victorian" National Museums Liverpool,
References
External links
Lucy Curzon, "Painting a Queer Nation: Sadie Lee and Mandy McCartin" pp 97-115, published online 25 Feb 2011, Visual Culture in Britain, Volume 12, 2011 - Issue 1
Heyoka Magazine Interview
Mandy McCartin on Andrew Vachss site
Paintings on the Stuckism site
1958 births
Living people
20th-century English painters
21st-century English painters
20th-century English women artists
21st-century English women artists
Alumni of the University of East London
Artists from Sheffield
English contemporary artists
English women painters
Lesbian artists
Modern painters
Stuckism |
5390591 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brest%20Bretagne%20Airport | Brest Bretagne Airport | Brest Bretagne Airport () , formerly known as Brest Guipavas Airport, is an international airport serving Brest, France. It is located in the commune of Guipavas and 10.2 km (6.4 miles) northeast of Brest, within the département of Finistère.
Overview
Though the main operator is Air France (and subsidiary HOP!), serving for the most part Paris, other scheduled services are offered elsewhere in France and to the United Kingdom. The aggressive efforts the Chamber of Commerce conducted allowed the airport to grow dramatically over the past decade thanks to charter airlines, as can be seen below.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
External links
Brest Bretagne Airport (official site)
Aéroport de Brest Bretagne (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Brittany
Transport in Brest, France
Buildings and structures in Brest, France |
5390593 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-3-1%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-3-1 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-3-1 Representative District is a two-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-3-1 District includes a section of the Chittenden County city of Burlington defined as follows:
The rest of Burlington is in Chittenden-3-2, Chittenden-3-3, Chittenden-3-4, Chittenden-3-5 and Chittenden-3-6.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The two member Chittenden-3-1 District had a population of 7,658 in that same census, 5.67% below the state average.
District Representatives
Carol Ode, Democrat
Kurt Wright, Republican
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-3-1 through Chittenden-3-10 districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics (PDF)
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Burlington, Vermont |
5390600 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stuart%20T.%20Saunders | Stuart T. Saunders | Stuart Thomas Saunders, Sr. (July 16, 1909 – February 7, 1987) was an American railroad executive best known for his tenure with Penn Central.
Biography
Saunders was born in McDowell, West Virginia, and reared near Bedford, Virginia. He graduated from Roanoke College in 1930 and from Harvard Law School in 1934. He served as chairman of Roanoke's board of trustees, was a trustee of Hollins University, and was a charter trustee of the Virginia Foundation of Independent Colleges, a fundraising entity representing Virginia's private colleges and universities. Saunders, a lawyer by trade, also served as president of the Virginia State Bar from 1951 to 1952.
Norfolk & Western
Saunders served as president of the Norfolk & Western Railway (N&W), one of the nation's most profitable railroads, from 1958 to 1963. During his tenure, the company merged with the Virginian Railway and began negotiations to merge with the Nickel Plate, Wabash Railroad and portions of the Pennsylvania Railroad (PRR) (the mergers were completed in 1964 after Saunders departed). Saunders also oversaw construction of a high-speed coal pier in Norfolk, Virginia that expanded the N&W's core activity (transporting coal from West Virginia to Hampton Roads for follow-on worldwide shipment) and he initiated conversion from steam locomotives to diesels ending the company's distinction as the nation's last steam railroad.
Penn Central
Saunders became CEO of PRR in 1963. It was during his term that the iconic Roman-inspired Pennsylvania Station in New York City was razed to make way for an underground Penn Station, topped with two office buildings and Madison Square Garden. The outcry over the destruction of the ornate structure instigated the landmarks preservation movement. Saunders also orchestrated PRR's merger with the New York Central Railroad to create Penn Central (PC), serving as that railroad's chairman and CEO. Financial difficulties forced the company into bankruptcy in 1970. Saunders was ousted during restructuring and retired.
Of the failed merger, Saunders commented "Because of the many years it took to consummate the merger, the morale of both railroads was badly disrupted and they were faced with unmanageable problems which were insurmountable. In addition to overcoming obstacles, the principal problem was too much governmental regulation and a passenger deficit which amounted to more than $100 million a year."
Saunders appeared on the January 26, 1968 cover of Time, and was the Saturday Review Businessman of the Year in 1968.
Death
Saunders died of heart failure in Richmond, Virginia on February 7, 1987. He was 77 years old.
References
External links
TIME Magazine Cover: Penn Central's Stuart Saunders, January 26, 1968.
1909 births
1987 deaths
20th-century American railroad executives
Roanoke College alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
People from McDowell County, West Virginia
Pennsylvania Railroad people
Norfolk and Western Railway
People from Bedford County, Virginia
Businesspeople from West Virginia
Roanoke College trustees
Hollins University trustees |
3997342 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Big%20Time%20%28Peter%20Gabriel%20song%29 | Big Time (Peter Gabriel song) | "Big Time" is a song by English rock musician Peter Gabriel from his 1986 album So. It was his second top-ten single on the Billboard Hot 100, peaking at no. 8.
Recording
The song underwent a lot of changes: Jerry Marotta remembers an early version of "Big Time", which he described as more intense and far out from the released version that it "would not have been a hit".
The song's bass guitar part is unique in that backing bassist Tony Levin and then-backing drummer Jerry Marotta teamed up for the main bassline. Levin handled the fingerings while Marotta hit his drumsticks on the strings, which resulted in a percussive sound; this was inspired by a technique developed by Gene Krupa in the 40s or early 50s. Inspired by this sound, Levin later invented funk fingers, which were little drumstick ends that could be attached to the fingers to achieve a similar bass guitar effect in concert.
The drum parts were a considerable challenge to record: Jerry Marotta, Manu Katché and Stewart Copeland each had a go at playing on top of a click track from the LinnDrum. Peter Gabriel liked Stewart Copeland's drum take but it didn't quite lock in rhythmically – Peter was quoted saying: "I love Stewart's playing. He's not the world's best timekeeper, as he would be first to admit, but he can drive a track like very few others; it's always ahead of the beat, sits right up and forward, and his kit always sounds very alive".
To get around the problem, engineer Kevin Killen mixed down Copeland's drum parts to mono, sampling sections of his playing that lined up best with the click track and flew them in a few bars at a time. Gabriel additionally wanted to bring in the drum fills, which were also meticulously sampled, and adjustments were done to the speed to get them to line up with the track.
Music video
The visual style was very similar to the "Sledgehammer" video, using stop motion claymation by David Daniels and strata-cut animation. The larger video was supervised by director Stephen R. Johnson and produced by Prudence Fenton. It was shot at Peter Wallach Studios. Artist Wayne White contributed to the creation of the video.
Track listing
7" UK
Big Time (7" edit)
Curtains
12" UK
Big Time (extended version)
Big Time (7" edit)
Curtains
Cassette single UK
Big Time (extended version)
Curtains
No Self Control (live version)
Across the River
7" USA
Big Time
We Do What We're Told
12" USA
Big Time (dance mix)
In Your Eyes (special mix)
We Do What We're Told
Remixes
Along with the two mixes found on different versions of the single, Big Time has been officially remixed by Electrokingdom in various mixes, included the version by Frenk DJ & Niky D. Although reputed to be more numerous, four mixes (Main Mix - Club Mix - Dub Mix - Acoustic Mix) can be downloaded on legal platforms.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the album So.
Peter Gabriel – vocals, CMI, Prophet, Linn
Stewart Copeland – drums
Simon Clark – Hammond, CMI, bass
Tony Levin, Jerry Marotta – drumstick bass
David Rhodes – guitar
Daniel Lanois – surf guitar
Jimmy Bralower – Linn kick
Wayne Jackson – trumpet, cornet
Mark Rivera – alto, tenor and baritone saxophone
Don Mikkelsen – trombone
P. P. Arnold, Coral Gordon, Dee Lewis – backing vocals
Chart performance
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
In popular culture
"Big Time" was used in 2006 by WWE as the main theme for WrestleMania 22.
References
External links
1986 songs
1987 singles
Animated music videos
Dance-rock songs
Funk rock songs
Geffen Records singles
Peter Gabriel songs
Song recordings produced by Daniel Lanois
Songs written by Peter Gabriel
Virgin Records singles
Music videos directed by Stephen R. Johnson |
5390601 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dinard%E2%80%93Pleurtuit%E2%80%93Saint-Malo%20Airport | Dinard–Pleurtuit–Saint-Malo Airport | Dinard–Pleurtuit–Saint-Malo Airport or Aéroport de Dinard – Pleurtuit – Saint-Malo is an airport serving the city of Saint-Malo, France. It is located south-southwest of Dinard in Pleurtuit, a commune of the département of Ille-et-Vilaine.
In 2017, Dinard-Pleurtuit-Saint-Malo airport handled 121.697 passengers, an increase of 10.2% over 2016.
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Dinard–Pleurtuit–Saint-Malo Airport:
Statistics
Côte d'Emeraude Flying Club
The flying club is located on the northeast of the 12/30 runway. It currently has four planes: a Robin DR400-180cv NM, a DR400-160cv HK, a DR221-100cv ZO and a Tecnam P2002JF CE. It is possible to get a PPL licence and an EASA LAPL (A) licence.
Access
The airport is located from a short distance from the major touristic cities (by car) :
15 minutes from Dinard city center.
20 minutes from Dinan.
25 minutes from Saint-Malo.
55 minutes from Rennes via the N137 dual carriageway.
Taxis and car rental are available from inside of the terminal.
References
External links
Dinard Aéroport Bretagne (official site)
Dinard Brittany Airport (official site)
Aéroport de Aéroport de Dinard – Pleurtuit – Saint-Malo (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Brittany
Buildings and structures in Ille-et-Vilaine
Saint-Malo |
5390602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lenny%20Johnrose | Lenny Johnrose | Leonard Johnrose is an English former professional footballer who during his career played for several clubs including Burnley, Bury and Swansea City. He was a defensive midfielder.
Playing career
He began his career at Blackburn Rovers as a young trainee, and also spent time on loan at Preston North End. During these spells he impressed to a level where he was signed for £50,000 by Hartlepool United. He went on to make over fifty appearances for the 'Pool, scoring eleven goals in the process. At the end of his contract, he was signed by Bury manager Stan Ternent who wanted to add some toughness to his central midfield.
Johnrose was a central character in Bury's rapid rise to the First Division. Ternent saw the midfielder as so important to his sides that he paid £225,000 to take Johnrose with him to his new club, Burnley. At the end of the 2002–03 season he was released on a free transfer, but resigned for the club four months on a week-to-week basis. Later he re-signed for another of his old clubs, Bury. After three months he again moved, this time to Swansea City.
Johnrose helped Swansea City avoid relegation from the Third Division out of the Football League, scoring three crucial goals that season. Two goals in one week in March helped earn an away draw at Kidderminster and a home victory against Oxford. His final, and most crucial goal in a Swansea shirt, came on the final Saturday of the 2002–2003 season. Swansea City had to equal or better Exeter's result against Southend in their game at the Vetch Field versus Hull City in order to preserve their league status. Johnrose poked home from close range from a Roberto Martinez free-kick early in the second half to put the Swans 3–2 and send a packed Vetch Field into raptures. The Swans won 4–2 and preserved their league status at the expense of Exeter.
In the summer of 2003, Johnrose was offered a 12-month contract with Swansea, and started the 2003–2004 season in the unfamiliar role of centre half. After recovering from a hamstring injury, Johnrose briefly became captain and reverted to his more familiar defensive central midfield role. Around Christmas 2003, a further 12-month contract extension at the end of that season was discussed, but when manager Brian Flynn left the club by mutual consent in March 2004, Johnrose had his contract paid up and left the Swans within two days.
Johnrose signed for Burnley for a third time on transfer deadline day (March 2004). He helped 'the Clarets' avoid relegation from the First Division.
Retirement and personal life
After retiring, Johnrose became a teacher. In March 2017, he was diagnosed with motor neurone disease.
References
Notes
External links
1969 births
Living people
English footballers
Footballers from Preston, Lancashire
Blackburn Rovers F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players
Hartlepool United F.C. players
Bury F.C. players
Burnley F.C. players
Swansea City A.F.C. players
Association football midfielders
People with motor neuron disease
English Football League players |
5390603 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpes%E2%80%93Is%C3%A8re%20Airport | Alpes–Isère Airport | Alpes–Isère Airport (formerly Grenoble-Isère Airport) or Aéroport Alpes–Isère , is an international airport serving Grenoble which is situated 2.5 km north-northwest of Saint-Étienne-de-Saint-Geoirs and 40 km west-northwest of Grenoble, both communes in the Isère, département of France. The airport handled 307,979 passengers in 2019 and mostly features winter seasonal leisure traffic.
Formerly known as Grenoble–Saint-Geoirs Airport since 1968 Winter Olympics, the appellation, Isere, refers to the department of Isère. A campus of the École nationale de l'aviation civile is also located at the airport.
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights to and from Alpes–Isère Airport:
Statistics
Ground transport
Coach links connect the airport with the centre of Grenoble.
References
External links
Official website
Aéroport de Grenoble-Isère (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Transport in Grenoble
Buildings and structures in Isère |
3997343 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priddy%27s%20Hard | Priddy's Hard | Priddy's Hard is a former military installation in Gosport, England. The site originated as a 1750s fort, and then became an armaments depot for Royal Navy and British Army weapons, explosives and other stores. The site was decommissioned in 1988, after over two hundred years of operation, with part now being developed for housing and an area retained as a museum.
History
Eighteenth century
Priddy's Hard Fort
In 1750 by an Act of King George III the Board of Ordnance purchased of agricultural land in Gosport and a boatyard from Jane Priddy and Fareham Vicar, Thomas Missing. This was to construct an earthen rampart as part of an extension of the defences of Portsmouth Harbour and the Royal Dockyard, the Gosport Lines. The ramparts were completed in 1757 and the land enclosed known to as Priddy's Hard Fort; it was manned by the Army. In the nineteenth century Priddy's Hard Fort was armed with 14 eighteen pounder guns.
Proposals for a gunpowder magazine
In 1764, after a series of petitions sent to the Master-General of the Ordnance from the general public, the decision was made to remove gunpowder from Old Portsmouth, where it had been stored since the 1580s in the Square Tower. The problem had been raised as early as 1716 in a report to the Master-General by the local Ordnance Storekeeper in Portsmouth:
If the Magazine had exploded the casualties would have been appalling in this densely populated part of Portsmouth. Serious accidents with gunpowder were well known, some of them were recorded as follows:
1649, Tower Street, London — 60 houses demolished after 37 barrels detonated in a shop.
1654, Gravelines — explosion of magazine, 3,000 killed.
1693, Dublin — detonation of 218 barrels, 100 killed.
1739, Brescia — lightning strike, 3,000 killed.
Various proposals were suggested as to where to build the new gunpowder magazine: Priddy's Hard, Boatswain's Hill Coppice (where Defence Munitions Gosport is today), and Horsea Island in the eastern reaches of Portsmouth Harbour. None of the sites were considered ideal, including Priddy's Hard, the main concern being the closeness of the Royal Dockyard, this would eventually lead to its final closure.
Priddy's Hard was chosen due to the availability of the land (already owned by the Crown) and in December 1766 the decision was finally made by the Ordnance Board and the First Lord of the Admiralty.
Establishment of the Ordnance Depot
Construction of the new powder magazine on land within the ramparts commenced in 1771. The Grand Magazine (as it became) was enclosed with a high brick wall to assist with security and to ensure no contraband items were brought into the magazine; these items included ferrous objects (to reduce the risk of sparks), alcohol and smoking materials. It took six years for the complex to be completed.
The site needed to be accessible by boat: new gunpowder would be delivered by barge from the Royal Powder Mills at Faversham and Waltham Abbey and then conveyed to and from ships using small sailing vessels called hoys. It was initially assumed that the gunpowder barrels would be unloaded on the hard (after which the site was named) and thereby conveyed across the foreshore; but when the time came, it was decided to construct a camber basin (in place of the hard) to enable the vessels to unload much closer to the rear of the magazine. However, access to the camber by hoys was a problem from the very beginning: although the camber basin was constructed with a sluice to help prevent silting up, vessels still had difficulty entering it at any other time than high tide. This problem was solved by the construction of a pier (later known as the Old Powder Pier) on the eastern side of the camber basin, the remains of which can be seen at low water.
Barrels of gunpowder were moved between the camber and the magazine by means of what was called the 'rolling way' (the barrels were never rolled individually but placed in trolleys). Within the magazine compound, on either side of the rolling way, a pair of two-storey buildings were erected, one of which served as a shifting house (for examining the powder), the other as a cooperage (though it was soon converted into a second shifting house); later known as the North and South Stores, these buildings were expanded and connected together in the early 19th century to form a single long building which stands parallel with the magazine.
For security, a guardhouse was built at around this time to the north of the magazine, just inside the main entrance through the ramparts. There was also a small barracks block within the northernmost demi-bastion (where "E" Magazine stands today), but neither it nor the guardhouse have survived; (from 1807 nearby Forton Barracks accommodated artillery troops, who manned the fortifications and in 1833 the Dockyard Police Force took over the task of guarding the depot itself).
A large house, the Officers' Residence, was built facing Forton Creek in 1783; surrounded by spacious gardens, it provided accommodation for the three senior officers of the depot: the Storekeeper, the Clerk of the Cheque and the Clerk of the Survey.
The addition of a further two magazines flanking either end and at right angles to the Grand Magazine was cancelled. A possibility for the cancellation may have been the serious fire in the Portsmouth Royal Dockyard in 1776. The resulting lack of storage capacity was highlighted during the Napoleonic Wars and as a consequence led to the use of hulks as floating gunpowder magazines in the reaches of Fareham Lake (beginning with HMS Bulldog in 1801).
By May 1777, the first powder barrels were moved to Priddy's Hard from Portsmouth's Square Tower.
Thenceforward Priddy's Hard operated in tandem with the Board of Ordnance's other main Portsmouth facility, H.M. Gunwharf (not far from the Dockyard on the other side of the harbour), which stored items other than gunpowder (from cannons and gun carriages to small arms and cutlasses). The Board of Ordnance, through these and other depots, provided gunpowder and artillery pieces for both naval and (land-based) military use. Depots (such as Priddy's Hard) which were built near the Royal Dockyards provided powder not only for use on board the ships of the Royal Navy but also for guns on the dockyard fortifications and for use in military campaigns around the globe.
Satellite depots
Almost as soon as the Priddy's Hard magazine had opened, Britain found itself on a war footing. Although six thousand barrels of gunpowder could be stored there, increasing demand meant that Priddy's Hard struggled to provide what was needed. The pressure was somewhat relieved in 1796 by the construction of a magazine across the harbour at Tipner (the choice of location reflected the policy of the Duke of Richmond, Master-General of the Ordnance, to disperse the nation's stores of gunpowder and thus minimise the potential impact of a single depot being attacked).
In 1804 buildings were constructed on Stamshaw Point and Horsea Island for the repair of damp or damaged gunpowder, which could then be returned for storage and re-use. Records exist for the payment of wages of £5 a month "on account of the Royal Powder Works at Little Horsey Island for wages of the cooper, repairing of boats and barges, keep of dogs etc.."
In addition to the magazine at Tipper and the Powder Works at Stamshaw and Little Horsea, a further three magazines were built by the Board of Ordnance at Marchwood in 1814-16. Throughout, Priddy's Hard remained the most important of these sites.
Nineteenth century
In 1804 the rolling way was covered over and additional structures were built alongside it: a foreman's office and a 'shoe room' (where workers were required to change into specialist clothing before entering the magazine). These structures, initially built in timber, were refaced in brick and roofed with slate after the end of the Napoleonic Wars. In 1811 an office building was built to the south of the magazine, with a new cooperage alongside.
By 1846 Priddy's Hard was still under the control of the Board of Ordnance and the following building existed on the site:
'A' Powder Magazine — Built to store 6,222 100 lb barrels.
'B' Magazine (the former North and South Stores, joined since 1812 by a two-storey connecting building).
The Inner and Outer Rolling Way to the Magazine, with adjacent office for the Foreman, Shoe-room and Pumphouse.
Camber Basin.
Two Demi-Bastions.
Three Storehouses.
Two Fire Engine Houses.
Boathouse.
Guardhouse (to the north of the Magazine - since demolished).
Ferryman Lodge (demolished in 1960s). A ferryman was employed to convey officers and employees across Forton Lake before the bridge was built.
Officers' Residence (demolished in 1950s).
Houses for Storekeepers, Foreman of Labourers, Cooper & Coxswain.
Administration block (with apartments for Established Clerk & Office Keeper).
The Royal Laboratory
In 1804, offshoots of the Royal Laboratory (Woolwich) had been established in Portsmouth and Plymouth, their design overseen by the Comptroller, William Congreve. Forty years later the decision was taken to move the Portsmouth Laboratory (which was mostly concerned with the manufacture of small arms ammunition) from Portsea to the more secure surroundings of Priddy's Hard. This took place in 1847-8, with the design of the new complex closely following that of Congreve's original. It marked the start of what was to be a pronounced change of emphasis at Priddy's Hard: from storage to manufacturing.
Shell manufacture
The establishment of the Royal Laboratory at Priddy's Hard coincided with the increased use of artillery shells on land and at sea. By the 1860s, the filling of shells and preparation of fuzes had become the main work of the Royal Laboratory (the manufacture of small arms cartridges having moved in 1859 to a group of buildings to the west, just inside the ramparts). Before long, new purpose-built structures were added to the eastern edge of the site to deal with the manufacture of shells; a tramway linked each of these buildings (and each stage of the process), from 'C' Magazine through the Laboratory complex and on to a new pier (the Shell Pier).
1861 - "C" Powder (60 Tons) Magazine (initially built as a 'receipt & issue' magazine for ships returning to port).
1865 - Case Store (the first of several such buildings grouped around the old 'A' Magazine and designed for storing the wooden boxes in which shells were individually packed).
1866 - Six Shell Filling Rooms (south of the Laboratory - demolished).
c.1866 - "D" Magazine (south of the Laboratory - demolished; built as an 'expense magazine' supplying the shell filling rooms).
1879 - Shell Store, built (adjacent to a new pier) for storage of filled shells prior to despatch by boat.
In 1879 a new magazine was built within the northern bastion; detached from the central area and served by its own pier (the New Powder Pier, 1876), it replaced the 18th-century "A" magazine as the depot's main storage magazine (thereafter "A" magazine was used to store filled shells, rockets and small arms ammunition):
1879 - "E" Powder (500 Tons) Magazine.
In 1883, an explosion in one of the shell filling rooms led to much activity being removed from the central area of the site to the west, beyond the ramparts, where several new buildings were erected alongside Forton Creek, all linked to the main site by tramway:
1886 - Shell Filling Rooms and Fusing Rooms. (demolished c.2008)
1886 - Expense Magazine for the Shell Filling Rooms.
1887 - Unheading Room (where powder barrels from the magazine were opened ready for use in the shell filling rooms); adjacent to the expense magazine.
Before long, facilities were added at Forton Creek for filling new Quick Firing (QF) shells; these were connected by a separate tramway to their own storage facilities, which were located alongside the 18th-century 'A' Magazine.
1888 - QF Shell Filling Room (Building No 342).
1889 - QF Shell Store.
1896 - QF Shell Store.
From the 1890s new types of explosive were coming into use, including guncotton and cordite. These needed their own specialized buildings for preparation and storage, which were for the most part built outside the ramparts, north and north-west of the historic centre (most of these buildings have been demolished). In 1896 a 'New Laboratory' complex was constructed, consisting of several small wooden buildings embedded in the southern section of the ramparts, for filling cartridges either with powder (supplied direct from 'E' Magazine) or cordite. At the same time, a series of massive new stores for filled shells were provided within the quadrangle of the old Royal Laboratory near the loading pier, alongside a new storehouse for naval mines.
1896 - Shell Store. (Building No 406)
1897 - Twelve Cartridge Rooms (separate rooms for filling, weighing, labelling and boxing cartridges).
1898 - Cordite Magazine (Building No 454) (large moated storage magazine).
1899 - New Shell Store. (Building No 407) (demolished 2004)
1899 - Mines and Countermines Store. (Building No 409) (used as a guncotton store from 1913).
1900 - Dry Guncotton (50 Tons) Magazine.
1900 - Wet Guncotton (360 Tons) Magazine.
1900 - Shell Painting Room (Building No 341).
1902 - Room for the Conversion of Dangerous Ammunition.
1904 - Shell Emptying Room (Building No 345). (for cleaning out condemned ammunition prior to re-use).
1905-6 - Cordite Magazines (Buildings 357 & 358). (smaller moated pair of 'expense magazines' providing raw material for the cartridge rooms)
Priddy's Hard Tramway
In the 1860s, Priddy's Hard ordnance depot had an gauge manually-propelled tramway installed for moving powder and ammunition from 'C' Magazine through the Laboratory complex. Known as the 'powder line', it grew into a single line system with spurs into all magazines, explosives stores, cartridge filling rooms, and landing sheds. It extended out on the New Powder Pier in a double line. The rails were made of delta metal, an alloy of copper and zinc, (brass) plus a little iron, as a precaution against sparks; they were grooved rails (set flush with ground level). In 1904 it had 78 trucks. In time it was largely superseded by the narrow gauge line; but part continued in use inside some workshops and stores to about 1960.
The 2 ft 6in line, known as the 'shell tramway', was a double line system with steel rails; the line initially linked the shell-filling rooms and associated buildings to the shell stores and it ran along the length of the shell pier. In 1904 it had 30 trucks plus a travelling crane (all with brass wheels to reduce sparks). These were also manually driven until 1929, when for the first time mechanical propulsion was provided within the yard by a battery-driven locomotive (the first of an eventual total of eight to be provided by Greenwood & Batley Ltd). The tramway ceased operation in 1960 following the acquisition of a number of electric road tractors and trailers; much of the rail network was then lifted and the routes concreted over to form roadways.
Twentieth century
The site was altered continuously during the early 20th century, as new types of ammunition and propellant came into use; however, an explosion in the New Shell Store in 1904 raised concern over the site's proximity to the Royal Dockyard and eventually led to the establishment of a new storage facility north of Priddy's Hard at Bedenham (where construction began in 1908).
Priddy's Hard itself then focussed on the filling of shells and cartridges, rather than on bulk storage. During World War I the sudden increase in demand led to additional filling rooms for cartridges, tubes and artillery fuzes saw added in rows around the cordite magazines (west of the old site); there were also new storage buildings added in this area for mines, bombs and depth charges. New explosives such as trotyl (TNT) and amatol were provided with storage and processing rooms near the shell-filling rooms. A mainline rail connection was first provided in 1914 and three years later a long 'transfer shed' was built alongside the New Shell Store to enable the direct loading of filled shells and other items on to rolling stock.
1923 saw the closure of H.M. Gunwharf, Portsmouth; its naval facilities and personnel were all transferred to Priddy's Hard, which thereafter became the senior local depot with overall responsibility not only for supply of ammunition, as previously, but also for servicing and repairing all types of naval ordnance equipment from machine guns to depth charge throwers. To accommodate this additional work (naval gun repair in particular) a 'New Gunwharf' was opened at Priddy's Hard (north of the original site, to the east of Green Lane) consisting of a factory, foundry, smithery and other facilities. It also dealt with small arms repairs and included a testing range for rifles, pistols and machine guns; and there was a repair shop for locomotives and other rolling stock used around the depot.
Priddy's Hard was fully utilised during World War II when thousands of women workers filled jobs vacated by men on active service.
For many years, Priddy's Hard was both the Royal Navy's and regional Army's armaments depot and supplier of ordnance and training to Commonwealth and Foreign countries, though its significance decreased over time. In 1971 the 18th-century buildings on the site (including "A" and "B" magazines) were given over to serve as an in-house museum, in which items associated with the depot's history were stored and displayed.
The site was last used for significant naval activity during the Falklands Conflict in 1982.
Associated sub-depots
During the 20th century, a number of sub-depots were established under the oversight of what became known (from 1918) as Royal Naval Armaments Depot (RNAD) Priddy's Hard:
Royal Naval Ordnance Depot (later RNAD) Bedenham, to the north of Frater Creek, was opened in 1908, becoming the main local storage facility for gunpowder and other explosives (such as cordite). It was linked to Priddy's Hard via the mainline rail network in 1914, provided with its own pier in 1915 and later linked to RNAD Elson by a road bridge across Frater Creek (opened in 1969). The pier had to be rebuilt following two explosions caused by a fire on board an ammunition lighter moored alongside, on 14 July 1950.
RNAD Elson, to the south of Frater Creek, was developed as a magazine depot from the early 1920s; (the land had been purchased by the Board of Ordnance in the 1840s-50s, when Fort Elson was built on part of the site). In the 1960s the depot was redeveloped as a repair facility for guided missiles (which were fast replacing guns as the main weapons of the fleet). By the mid-1970s the depot included a pair of cruciform Integrated Weapons Complexes, in which missiles, torpedoes and other weapons were assembled and tested.
RNAD Frater, to the west of Fort Elson, was established as a Royal Naval Mine Depot (RNMD) in 1918, taking over the work of repairing and testing naval mines in Portsmouth from HMS Vernon. It continued to serve as such until 1959, when (the Admiralty having relocated its various mine facilities to RNMD Milford Haven and RNMD Wrabness) Frater was given over to work on torpedoes and other weapons.
The Priddy's Hard, Frater and Bedenham Railway
The above depots were served (from 1913) by a standard-gauge internal railway system, which was linked to the Fareham to Gosport main-line but served by fireless locomotives provided by Andrew Barclay Sons & Co. These were replaced with Hunslet Engine Company diesel locomotives from 1944. The network, at its most extensive, had over 18 miles of track; it ceased operation in 1989.
Decommissioning
Preparatory work was set out in 1976 to relocate all armament support activities and facilities from Priddy's Hard to Elson and Frater. A 1977 memorandum set out a long-term plan for the following decade:
The transfer took place progressively over the next ten years. Priddy's Hard was vacated by RNAD Gosport in 1988 when the last remaining stores and staff were relocated. The depots at Bedenham, Elson and Frater continue in operation as part of Defence Equipment and Support under the name Defence Munitions Gosport.
Present day
The oldest part of the site is now open to the public as the Explosion! Museum of Naval Firepower, which opened in 2001; in 2013 it became a constituent part of the National Museum of the Royal Navy.
A new Millennium footbridge from Gosport town centre was constructed to aid the redevelopment and access to the area. New housing was built around parts of the original site, including an imitation of the early 19th-century Officers' Residence (demolished in the 1950s) which faces the footbridge. In 2004 an arson attack led to the demolition of the sizeable grade II-listed New Shell Store (being used by the council as a warehouse to store wheelie bins) that stood within the Royal Laboratory quadrangle.
Outside the historic ramparts, many buildings have been demolished for housing, but a broad area around the ramparts, and north of Forton Lake, were set aside and protected in 1998 as a Site of Importance for Nature Conservation (SINC) in mitigation for planning permission being given for 700 new homes on the site. The SINC includes two moated cordite magazines, which provide a habitat for great crested newts and other protected species of reptile and amphibian. Planning permission was given in 2015 for new houses within the listed traverses of the 1886 shell-filling rooms.
In 2009 the 23-acre Priddy's Hard site was acquired from Gosport Council by the Portsmouth Naval Base Property Trust, with a view to "developing the site, refurbishing the historic buildings and bringing them into new beneficial use". Since then, some areas have been redeveloped for housing, while others (including the former Royal Laboratory area) remain unoccupied as of 2016. The site as a whole contains some 26 listed buildings. A programme of clearing the historic ramparts of vegetation is now underway (although the use of goats for this purpose was discontinued in 2011 after vandals persistently set fire to their straw bedding).
In 2016 it was announced that initial support had been given for a £1.9 million grant from the Heritage Lottery Fund as part of the Heritage Enterprise programme (which targets projects creating 'new sustainable economic uses for derelict historic buildings'. The proposed grant would help bring seventeen listed buildings back into use, alongside those occupied by the Explosion museum. Some would be converted for residential use, others for business or community uses, including a waterside pub/restaurant, overnight accommodation for schools in 'C' Magazine, a micro-brewery in 'E' Magazine and the possibility of a new Coastal Forces museum in the former Shell Store. After commercial partners withdrew from the project a new proposal was approved in 2018, to include a residential development of 30 new homes (mostly within the south demi-bastion), restoration of eight listed buildings (and the demolition of another) and various commercial developments.
See also
Explosion! Museum of Naval Firepower, a museum located at Priddy's Hard
Gunpowder Magazines in England
Priddy (disambiguation)
Hard (nautical)
Sources
H.W. Semark (1997). The Royal Naval Armament Depots of Priddy's Hard, Elson, Frater and Bedenham (Gosport, Hampshire) 1768 to 1997. Winchester: Hampshire County Council. (2nd Edition, 1998: ).
W.N. Mansfield (1994), RNAD Priddy's Hard 1846 – 1906. Research Report.
W.N. Mansfield (1995), "Priddy's Hard 1846 – 1906 — The site impact of the introduction of modern chemical explosives". BSc (Hons) Archaeology dissertation.
References
External links
Explosion - Museum of Naval Firepower
Portsmouth Naval Base Property Trust
Gosport
Government munitions production in the United Kingdom
Tourist attractions in Hampshire
Ammunition dumps in England |
5390605 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Rochelle%20%E2%80%93%20%C3%8Ele%20de%20R%C3%A9%20Airport | La Rochelle – Île de Ré Airport | La Rochelle – Île de Ré Airport () is an international airport located in the city of La Rochelle, in the Charente-Maritime department, France. The airport also serves Île de Ré, which is accessible via a bridge from La Rochelle.
Airlines and destinations
Traffic and statistics
La Rochelle Airport welcomed 240 154 passengers in 2018, an increase of 8.4% compared to 2017.
References
External links
La Rochelle – Île de Ré Airport (official site)
Aéroport de La Rochelle – Ile de Ré (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Airports established in 1934
1934 establishments in France |
5390611 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limoges%20%E2%80%93%20Bellegarde%20Airport | Limoges – Bellegarde Airport | Limoges – Bellegarde Airport (, ) is an airport located west-northwest of Limoges, a commune of the Haute-Vienne department in the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region of France. The airport presently has limited mass transit options which include only three stops per day of bus line 26 and a shared taxi service to and from the main train station.
Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated 03/21 which measures . It also has a parallel grass runway measuring .
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
External links
Limoges Airport (official site)
Aéroport de Limoges (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Buildings and structures in Haute-Vienne
Airports established in 1972 |
3997366 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Time%20to%20Run | A Time to Run | A Time to Run is a political novel written by Senator Barbara Boxer with Mary-Rose Hayes. It was published by Chronicle Books and released late in 2005, to mixed and frequently partisan reviews.
Plot summary
The story is set in the present day, with significant flashbacks to times beginning in the early 1970s. The protagonist is Ellen Fischer, a liberal senator from California. She is preparing for a difficult legislative battle over the conservative president's nomination of a deeply conservative female judge to the Supreme Court. Amid numerous particulars of the informal and formal governmental process in the United States, Boxer unfolds her heroine's dilemma and her past simultaneously. The dilemma is presented by a journalist, Greg Hunter, with pronounced right-wing views. Hunter is a figure from the senator's past. They had been lovers while he was in college; he lost her to his roommate, Joshua Fischer. Joshua later dies in the middle of a campaign for Senate; Ellen steps into his place and wins, launching her political career. Now, Hunter has returned, bringing with him information that could derail the judicial nominee's appointment. Fischer is buffeted by new revelations about Hunter and a well-founded distrust of his motives.
Literary significance & criticism
The book was received in the spirit that has greeted other politicians' novels, such as those by Newt Gingrich and Jimmy Carter. That is to say, it was received as the work of an enthusiastic amateur rather than a professional writer, despite Boxer's early experience as a journalist and the assistance of Rose. However, low expectations did not prevent some reviewers from being disappointed. Responses often appeared to be split on party lines. The Wall Street Journal and National Review lambasted the novel's convoluted plot, purple passages, and occasional grammatical errors.
Center and left publications noted these flaws with more equanimity; in the San Francisco Chronicle, Daniel Handler joked that Boxer made at least as good a novelist as she would have made a senator.
Notes
2005 American novels
American political novels |
3997367 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naka | Naka | Naka may refer to:
Places in Japan
Naka, Hyōgo, a former town in Hyōgo Prefecture
Naka, Ibaraki, a city in Ibaraki Prefecture
Naka, Tokushima, a town in Tokushima Prefecture
Naka District, Ibaraki, a district in Ibaraki Prefecture
Naka District, Kanagawa, a district in Kanagawa Prefecture
Naka District, Shimane, a former district in Shimane Prefecture
Naka District, Tokushima, a district in Tokushima Prefecture
People with the surname
, Japanese ice hockey player
Yuji Naka (born 1965), video game designer
Others
Na+/K+-ATPase, membrane bound enzyme used to maintain an electrochemical gradient
"Naka", nickname of Japanese footballer Shunsuke Nakamura
Japanese cruiser Naka
Naka Benue Nigeria
Naka-Kon, a Kansas City, Missouri-based anime convention
See also
Naka River (disambiguation), rivers in Japan
Naka-ku (disambiguation), city wards of Japan
Japanese-language surnames
zh:中 |
3997369 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/News%20Hour | News Hour | The title News Hour or NewsHour may refer to:
Newshour, the BBC World Service radio flagship programme that premiered in 1988
Newshour (2006 TV programme), a rolling international news and sports programme on Al Jazeera English that premiered in 2006
News Hour (Canadian TV program), related local Canadian newscast programs that air on Global, with sister programs such as Noon News Hour and News Hour Final
News Hour (UK TV programme), a 1993–2009 British breakfast television news programme that aired on GMTV/ITV
PBS NewsHour, an American television news program that has been broadcast on PBS since 1975
PVO NewsDay, an Australian news programme formerly titled PVO NewsHour |
3997371 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denham%20Harman | Denham Harman | Denham Harman (February 14, 1916 – November 25, 2014) was an American medical academic who latterly served as professor emeritus at the University of Nebraska Medical Center. Harman is known as the "father of the free radical theory of aging".
Background
Born in San Francisco, he earned his BS and Ph.D. in 1943 from the College of Chemistry at the University of California, Berkeley and his M.D. from Stanford University, finishing his internship in 1954.
Immediately after earning his Ph.D., in 1943, Harman joined the reaction kinetics department of Shell Oil in Emeryville, California. He worked for six years as a Shell research chemist, in part studying free radical reactions in petroleum products. During that period he was granted 35 patents, one for a compound used in plastic strips to kill flies ("Shell No Pest Strip").
Harman became fascinated with the phenomenon of aging, its cause and possible cure. To assist him in understanding this problem, he went to medical school at Stanford University. Harman became chair of cardiovascular research at the University of Nebraska College of Medicine in 1958.
Harman was married to the same woman for most of his life, a journalism student whom he met at a fraternity dance while at the University of California. The couple had four children and four grandchildren. Harman maintained a healthy lifestyle throughout his life. He never smoked and drank alcohol in moderation. He ran two miles a day until he was 82. He quit because of a back injury, but he continued to take regular walks to help him maintain a weight of 140 pounds on his 5-foot-10 frame.
Harman died in Omaha, Nebraska, on November 25, 2014, from a short illness, aged 98.
Development of the Free Radical Theory of Aging
In 1954, between his internship and residency in internal medicine, Harman became a research associate at the Donner Laboratory of Medical Physics at UC Berkeley, where he was able to pursue the puzzle of the cause of aging. After four months of frustration he hit upon the idea of free radicals as cause of the damage to macromolecules known as "aging". Although initially other scientists were reluctant to accept his theory, he was finally able to get it published in what is now a much-cited article in the Journal of Gerontology.
Mitochondrial Theory of Aging
After years of frustration over his inability to increase maximum lifespan with antioxidant supplements, Harman came to the conclusion that mitochondria were producing as well as being damaged by free radicals, but that exogenous antioxidants don't enter the mitochondria. And that it is mitochondria that determine lifespan. He published his ideas on what he called the "mitochondrial theory of aging" in the April 1972 issue of the Journal of the American Geriatrics Society.
Organizational accomplishments
In 1969 Harman became concerned that few of those involved in gerontology were studying the biological aspects of aging, and fewer still had a serious interest in discovering the cause of aging. In 1970 he became a founder of the American Aging Association (AGE) to create a society of scientists focused on aging research and advocacy of aging research. In 1985 he became a founder of the International Association of Biomedical Gerontology (IABG).
References
External links
About IABG (International Association of Biomedical Gerontology)
1916 births
2014 deaths
American medical academics
Biogerontologists
Life extensionists
Stanford University alumni
Harman, Denham|Gerontology
University of Nebraska Medical Center faculty |
3997374 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Wise%20%28author%29 | Daniel Wise (author) | Daniel Wise (1813-1898) was a Methodist Episcopal clerical author, born in Portsmouth, England. He entered the United States in 1833, and became a pastor (1837-52). He worked as an editor of Zion's Herald (1852–56), and corresponding secretary of the Sunday School Union and Tract Society of his church (1856–72). Part of his duty as secretary was to edit all the publications of the society. From 1872, he was occupied in literary work. He published more than 40 books, including:
Christian Love: or Charity An Essential Element of True Christian Character (1847)
The Path of Life (1847)
Precious Lessons from the Lips of Jesus (1854)
The Saintly and Successful Worker (1879)
Heroic Methodists of the Olden Time (1882)
Our Missionary Heroes and Heroines (1884)
Young Knights of the Cross (1887)
Faith, Hope, Love, and Duty (1891)
''Bridal Greetings: A Marriage Gift, In Which the Mutual Duties of Husband and Wife are Familiarly Illustrated and Enforced (1850)
References
External links
About children's series by Wise
1813 births
1898 deaths
Writers from Portsmouth
American Methodists
American theologians
British emigrants to the United States |
3997375 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roxbury%20Russet | Roxbury Russet | The 'Roxbury Russet' is an apple cultivar, believed to be the oldest apple cultivar bred in the United States, having first been discovered and named in the mid-17th century in the former Town of Roxbury, part of the Massachusetts Bay Colony southwest of (now part of) Boston. It is known by several other names including 'Boston Russet', 'Putnam Russet', and 'Sylvan Russet'.
It is a greyish-green russet apple known for its good winter-keeping qualities, as well as its suitability for making cider and juice. It is not widely grown or commercially available due to general commercial disfavor for russet varieties; the dull and heavily marked face makes it hard to sell now. The yellow-green flesh is firm and coarse-textured, suited for eating fresh and cooking. It is available from growers who specialize in heirloom plants. It ripens from September to October, and so is commonly available in autumn in farmers markets in the Northeast. Each apple contains 12.87% sugar that ferments to 6% alcohol in hard cider production.
Propagation wood of 'Roxbury Russet' (it propagates by grafting) was taken to Connecticut soon after 1649. Thomas Jefferson planted a number of 'Roxbury Russet' trees in Monticello's South Orchard in 1778.
The Roxbury Russet apple was one of the varieties grown by Major General Israel Putnam on his farm in Pomfret, Connecticut. His grandson, also named Israel Putnam, introduced this variety to the Ohio Valley in 1796. The grandson received a total of 23 varieties of apple from Connecticut in that year, most of which probably came from his grandfather's farm. The Putnam Russet (Roxbury Russet) was considered to be the best and most profitable winter apple of all the varieties received, and was regarded as a good "keeper" (an important characteristic in an age before refrigeration). And not only a good keeper, but if we are to believe Nathaniel Hawthorne, one that improves with age. For in The House of the Seven Gables, Uncle Venner remarks, “But I suppose I am like a Roxbury russet, – a great deal the better, the longer I can be kept.”
Current cultivation
Scionwood
Maple Valley Orchards and Nursery, Wisconsin
Trees of Antiquity, Paso Robles, CA
Fruit
The historic Shirley-Eustis House museum in Roxbury, Massachusetts, was planted in 1993 with five 'Roxbury Russet' apple trees.
Verellen Orchard in Romeo, Michigan grows Roxbury Russett apples, available at their road-side farm stand.
Other orchards include the following:
Applebrook Farm, Broad Brook, CT
The Apple Farm—Bates & Schmitt, Philo, CA
Black Diamond Farm, Trumansburg NY
Clarkdale Fruit Farm, Deerfield, MA
Foggy Ridge Cider, Dugspur, VA
Greenmantle Nursery, Garberville CA
Greenwood Farm, Northfield, MA
Heirloom Orchards, Odell, OR
Lamb Abbey Orchards, Maine—120 varieties of apple
Liberty Farm, NJ
McLeod Brothers Orchard, Milford, NH
Magicland Farms, Fremont, MI
Meadowbrook Orchards, Sterling, MA
Nashoba Winery, Bolton, MA
Pavolka Fruit Farm, Michigan City, IN
Shelburne Orchards, Shelburne, VT
Steiner Flat Orchard, Douglas City, CA—Trinity Heritage Orchard Project, University of California Cooperative Extension
Vintage Virginia Apples, North Garden, VA
References
Apple cultivars |
3997446 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milla%20Donovan | Milla Donovan | Milla Donovan is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is usually depicted as a supporting character in the comic-book series Daredevil. She was created by Brian Michael Bendis and Alex Maleev and first appeared in Daredevil vol. 2 #41 (2003). Her appearance was modeled after that of Maleev's wife.
Fictional character biography
Milla is introduced when she accidentally walks in front of an oncoming truck and is rescued by Daredevil. After getting her to help, Daredevil realizes she is blind. Milla later visits Matt Murdock (whose secret identity as Daredevil has been publicized) to thank him and asks him out on a date. While Matt is hesitant on saying anything that would implicate him, he agrees to go out with her.
Their date is interrupted when Matt is brought in for a murder investigation of the owner of the Globe, whom Matt was suing for posting his secret identity. In fact, it was the Kingpin that had committed the crime, and not Murdock.
Shaken up by this experience, Milla hesitates on continuing her relationship but persists due to the encouragement of one of her friends. She then experiences first-hand two of Daredevil's foes when Typhoid Mary first attacked Matt in broad daylight. Later, the assassin called Bullseye, killer of two of Matt's previous girlfriends, attempts to murder Milla as well, but is stopped by Daredevil.
The two are later married, but Milla seeks to annul the marriage when she discovers that Matt was possibly having a nervous breakdown earlier due to the stress over the death of Matt's previous girlfriend, Karen Page and her marriage was a product of that. She later returns to Matt, but he is arrested, as conclusive evidence that Matt is Daredevil has been discovered by the FBI. The two did not speak for some time, but Milla did appear at the funeral of Foggy Nelson. Later she visits him in prison, but he refuses to talk as he is trying to get her away from the prison and an imminent riot.
After Matt's escape from Ryker's (during which he teamed up with the Punisher, pretending to be his hostage until they got out), it wasn't until Matt's return from France that the pair was reunited. Soon after, the return of Lily Lucca (a woman Matt met in France, whose perfume smells like men's fondest memories. In Matt's case, Karen Page) causes an argument between Milla and Matt, who argue briefly over the situation until they're attacked at a restaurant by The Gladiator. The Gladiator later kidnaps Milla and tosses her off a building. Rescued by Daredevil, Milla proceeds to tell Daredevil not to kill the Gladiator, who seems to be in an unusual amount of pain and under someone else's control. Daredevil spares him, and leaves Milla alone while he pursues an as-yet-unnamed supervillain—presumingly the one who'd been influencing Melvin Potter.
After a few hours left alone, Milla goes to the law office to find Matt. After discovering he's out being Daredevil, Foggy volunteers to take Milla home, accompanied by Lily Lucca, toward whom Milla has extremely hostile tendencies. While in the subway station, Lily attempts to be helpful, only to be met with an exclamation of, "Just die, bitch!" before Milla tries to push her in front of an oncoming train. Lily bumps into an older man, who ends up falling in front of the train and dying instead (Daredevil's plot as this happens involves a drug whose effects have yet to be fully explained, and Milla is acting strangely). Milla seems appalled by what she's apparently just done. Meanwhile, Daredevil is being incapacitated by Mr. Fear, who claims to know Milla, and has given her the drug. Milla was then put under house arrest, awaiting a trial, then hospitalized in a mental institution, where she has been completely isolated from Matt.
Sometime after that, her parents wanted to get Milla back into their custody and removed her from the mental institution. Lady Bullseye under her disguise of a lawyer showed them compromising photos of Matt and Dakota North together allowing them to be able to get full custody of their daughter. In the end Matt decides to agree to sign for divorce to give Milla's parents what they want and to distance himself from her so he would no longer put Milla's life in danger.
Milla appears in the third Daredevil series. Going home, Matt finds Milla in his bed, apparently sane. Knowing that she was not supposed to get better from Mr. Fear's drugs, he puts some sleeping pills in her tea and asks Foggy to check what happened at the hospital. Foggy discovers that Milla is still in her cell. When Matt returns his apartment, Milla is missing along with all traces of her presence. It is soon discovered that all this has been organized by an unknown figure using the Spot teleportation system. Milla was later marked as one of Bullseye's targets, but Black Widow was able to protect her.
References
External links
Characters created by Brian Michael Bendis
Characters created by Alex Maleev
Comics characters introduced in 2003
Fictional blind characters
Fictional characters from New York (state)
Marvel Comics female characters
Fictional characters based on real people
Daredevil (Marvel Comics) characters |
5390619 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perpignan%E2%80%93Rivesaltes%20Airport | Perpignan–Rivesaltes Airport | {{Infobox airport
| name = Perpignan – Rivesaltes Airport
| nativename = Aéroport de Perpignan – Rivesaltes
| image = Aéroport_Perpignan-Rivesaltes.jpg
| image-width = 250
| IATA = PGF
| ICAO = LFMP
| type = Public
| owner =
| operator = SPLAR Société Publique Locale Aéroportuaire Régionale
| city-served = Perpignan / Rivesaltes, France
| location =
| elevation-f = 144
| website =
| coordinates =
| pushpin_map = France Occitanie
| pushpin_map_caption = Location of airport in Occitanie region
| pushpin_label = LFMP
| pushpin_label_position = right
| metric-rwy = y
| r1-number = 15/33
| r1-length-m = 2,500
| r1-surface = Asphalt
| r2-number = 13/31
| r2-length-m = 1,265
| r2-surface = Asphalt
| stat-year = 2018
| stat1-header = Passengers
| stat1-data = 463,235
| stat2-header = Passenger traffic change
| stat2-data = 12.9%
| footnotes = Source: French AIP, Aeroport.fr
}}
Perpignan–Rivesaltes Airport () , also known as Llabanère Airport, as well as Aéroport de Perpignan - Sud de France, is a small international airport near Perpignan and Rivesaltes, both communes'' of the Pyrénées-Orientales Department in the Occitanie region of south France.
Facilities
The airport is above mean sea level. It has two asphalt runways: 15/33 is and 13/31 is .
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Perpignan–Rivesaltes Airport:
Statistics
Incidents and accidents
On 27 November 2008, Flight 888T, an Airbus A320 (owned by Air New Zealand) operating for XL Airways Germany, crashed whilst on a test flight from Perpignan–Rivesaltes Airport. The aircraft stalled and crashed into the Mediterranean Sea, killing all seven on board. The aircraft was due to be returned to its original owner.
On 25 July 2019, after rehearsing for a show, one of the France Air Force (Patrouille de France) planes crashed while landing. The pilot was able to escape. Some damage was caused to the fence on the northern side of the airport.
Presidential airplanes
The airport serves as a maintenance facility for several presidential airplanes, including 5A-ONE, an Airbus A340 that flew Libya's Moammar Gadhafi, as well as Boeing 727s of Benin and Mauritania and an Airbus A340 that flies French President Emmanuel Macron.
References
External links
Aéroport de Perpignan-Rivesaltes
Aéroport de Perpignan-Rivesaltes (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Occitania (administrative region)
Airport
Airports established in 1910 |
5390620 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Huntington | Paul Huntington | Paul David Huntington (born 17 September 1987) is an English professional footballer who plays as a centre-back for Preston North End who had made a total of 307 appearances for the club over a 10 year period.He will be a free agent from 1 July 2022.
Club career
Newcastle United
Huntington joined Newcastle United Academy on 1 July 2004. He was promoted to the reserve squad in late 2004 to play tougher opposition and gain experience. He made his reserve debut for the club on 7 December in a 3–0 home win over Middlesbrough, and made his official England Under 18 debut against Scotland fifteen days later where he won 1–0, partnered with David Wheater at centre back. He got his 2nd cap on 10 June 2005 vs. Norway at Vale Park in a 0–0 draw. He signed his first professional contract at the club in July 2005.
His first involvement with the first team at Newcastle was when he appeared on the bench for the club's Intertoto Cup games against ZTS Dubnica and Deportivo La Coruña in July 2005. In the summer of 2005 he was awarded the prestigious Jackie Milburn trophy. He was named for the first team squad for the FA Cup third-round tie against Mansfield Town. He made the substitutes bench for the UEFA Cup match against Celta Vigo.
On 9 December 2006 he made his first Newcastle appearance as a late substitute against Blackburn Rovers and duly received praise from Newcastle legend Alan Shearer on BBC programme "Match Of The Day". On 14 December he started his first game for Newcastle, appearing at right back away at Chelsea in the Premier League. In that game, he received the Man Of The Match accolade. He scored his first ever goal for Newcastle on 14 January 2007, the first equaliser in Newcastle's 3–2 win over Tottenham Hotspur at White Hart Lane. He played in a UEFA Cup last-16 match against AZ Alkmaar, losing on away goals over the two legs. He went on to make 16 appearances for the first team whilst making the bench for most of the 2006–07 season.
Leeds United
On 31 August 2007, he transferred to Leeds United for an undisclosed fee. He made his home debut for the club as a substitute in the 2–0 victory on 8 September at home to Hartlepool United.
On 9 October 2007, he opened his Leeds account by scoring against Darlington in the Football League Trophy Second Round on his full debut to help Leeds move to the next stage. He scored his first league goal against Luton Town on 26 January 2008. He scored against Leyton Orient on 5 April. There were controversies surrounding whether it was Huntington or Bradley Johnson who scored the goal, but was officially given to Huntington.
Huntington was Leeds' first-choice centre-back. He was in good form during the run-in to the end of the 2007–08 season. Manager Gary McAllister said Huntington has a bright future ahead of him. Huntington played at Wembley on 25 May 2008 in the League One Play-Off Final against Doncaster, losing 1–0. He was handed the captain's armband during the 2008–09 pre-season tour of Ireland in the game against Shelbourne. He was ruled out during the remainder of the season after undergoing hernia and groin operations. At this time, Gary McAllister was fired and replaced by Simon Grayson.
On 10 September 2009, Huntington joined League One rivals Stockport County on a month's loan. He made his Stockport debut in the 2–2 draw against Yeovil Town, and then made the League 1 team of the week after his appearance against Huddersfield. After nine appearances for Stockport, his two-month loan ended. Stockport County wanted to extend the loan for a third and final month but Huntington was told to return by Leeds United.
Stockport County
After leaving Leeds, he signed to Stockport County on a short-term contract until the end of the season.
Yeovil Town
On 16 July 2010 Huntington signed to Yeovil Town on a two-year contract. He scored his first goal for Yeovil and their 3rd in a 3–1 win over Tranmere Rovers on 11 September and made the League One Team Of The Week. He repeated this achievement on 9 October after a 1–0 win at Rochdale. On 3 January 2011 he scored the only goal in a 1–0 win against Milton Keynes Dons at home and received Man of the Match. He won the League One Player of the Month for January, beating competition from Brighton's Elliott Bennett, Craig Dawson from Rochdale, and AFC Bournemouth's Liam Feeney to win this award which was presented by his manager Terry Skiverton. During this month he scored three times against Sheffield Wednesday, Milton Keynes Dons, and Brentford and was part of a defence that kept four clean sheets. He was appointed captain of the club as Yeovil finished in 14th place, their second highest finish. He was runner-up in the Green and White Player of the Season Award and the Western Gazette Player of the Season Award.
Huntington scored his first goal of the 2011/12 season in the 3–2 home defeat against Charlton Athletic on Boxing Day and followed this up with a goal in the New Year's Eve defeat against Bournemouth. On 22 May 2012, the club announced that he had rejected a new deal citing that he wanted to move to a club closer to his hometown.
Preston North End
Following his rejection of a new contract with Yeovil Town, he joined Preston North End. He scored his first goal for Preston against Crawley Town in a 2–1 loss. He then scored in the JPT 2nd round in a 4–2 win at Morecambe, On Tuesday 9 October 2012. Huntington scored his 3rd goal of the season away at Tranmere Rovers in a 1–1 draw on 27 October 2012. On 8 December he scored against Crewe Alexandra. On 11 April 2013 Huntington was nominated for Npower League One Player Of The Month for March with three clean sheets.
His first goal of the 2013/14 season came on 14 September against Stevenage in a 3–0 win. On 17 December 2013, Huntington extended his contract with Preston North End, thus keeping him at the club until the summer of 2015. His second goal of the season came in a 2–2 draw at Crawley Town on 14 December.
Huntington scored his first goal of the 2014–15 season on 21 October with a powerful header at Gillingham in a 1–0 win. He scored his second goal in three league games at Leyton Orient on 28 October 2014 in a 2–0 win. His third goal of the season came against ex-club Yeovil Town on 29 November in a 2–0 victory, heading into the top left corner. On 6 December Huntington's left-footed half volley was the winning goal in a 1–0 2nd round FA Cup tie at home to Shrewsbury Town; it was his 4th goal in 13 games. His goalscoring run continued on 16 December when he scored the winning goal in a 1–0 victory at Notts County, in the northern section semi-final of the Football League Trophy. He headed his 6th goal of the season away at Crawley Town on 31 January 2015. He followed it up with his second goal in two games at Sheffield United in the FA Cup 4th round replay at Bramall Lane 3 February in a 3–1 win. Huntington's 8th goal of the season came away at Oldham Athletic 28 February in a 4–0 win.
He won promotion with the Lilywhites in the 2014–15 season, scoring the second goal of a 4–0 victory over Swindon Town in the 2015 League One Play-Off Final at Wembley. Huntington won the Sir Tom Finney Trophy for the 2014/15 season awarded by the supporters. He signed a new two-year contract with Preston North End on 26 May 2015 which ran until the summer of 2017.
On 16 November 2015 Huntington won League One Player Of The Year at the North West Football Awards for the 2014–15 season.
Preston North End finished 11th in their first season in the EFL Championship after gaining promotion.
Huntington signed a new two-year contract with Preston North End on 22 August 2016 with the option of a third year. His first goal of the 2016-17 season came on 14 January 2017, scoring a header against Brighton & Hove Albion in a 2–0 win and was subsequently named in the EFL Team of the Week. Huntington extended his contract with Preston North End until the summer of 2019. A second 11th-placed finish in the Championship was achieved in the 2016/17 season
He scored his only goal of the 2017-18 season against Nottingham Forest on 23 December in a 1–1 draw. Preston just missed out on the play-off places on the last day of the season in May 2018, finishing 7th.
On 10 July 2018 Huntington signed a new three-year contract with Preston North End.
On 28 December 2020 Huntington signed a contract extension with Preston North End for a 10th year until June 30th 2022. He was released at the end of the 2021–22 season.
Career statistics
Honours
Preston North End
Football League One Play-Off Winner 2014–15
Individual
Preston North End Player of the Year 2014–15
North West Football Awards League One Player Of The Year 2014–15
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Footballers from Carlisle, Cumbria
English footballers
England youth international footballers
Association football central defenders
Premier League players
English Football League players
Newcastle United F.C. players
Leeds United F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Preston North End F.C. players |
5390625 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poitiers%E2%80%93Biard%20Airport | Poitiers–Biard Airport | Poitiers–Biard Airport (, ) is an airport located at Biard, west of Poitiers, in the Vienne department of the Nouvelle-Aquitaine region in France.
Facilities
The airport stands at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has one paved runway designated 03/21 which measures . It also has a two parallel grass runways: 03R/21L measuring and 03L/21R measuring . The longer grass runway is for use by glider aircraft.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
External links
Aéroport de Poitiers-Biard (official site)
Aéroport de Poitiers-Biard (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Nouvelle-Aquitaine
Buildings and structures in Vienne
Airports established in 1924
1924 establishments in France |
5390627 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodez%E2%80%93Aveyron%20Airport | Rodez–Aveyron Airport | Rodez–Aveyron Airport is a growing airport, located on the territory of the commune of Salles-la-Source approximately 10 km outside the centre of Rodez, the departmental capital of Aveyron, France.
It has one international runway of 2,100m in length, as well as a second, small runway of 800m in length.
It is an ideal airport for reaching the departments of Aveyron, Tarn, Tarn-et-Garonne, Lot, Hérault, Gard, Lozère, and Cantal.
It is the 25th French-Metropolitan airport.
History
In 1971, the Rodez–Aveyron Airport was founded and managed by SAEML Air 12 which comprised the CCI of Rodez, Aveyron General Council, and the main regional banks. In March 2002, the Paris Orly connection by Air France commenced and was operated by Brit Air (a regional airline operating scheduled services as an Air France franchise). In 2003, there was an extension of the runway to 2,100 m and the installation of a new Instrument Landing System (ILS). In January 2008, there was an extension of the parking to 1000 places. In 2009, there was an extension of the airport and the creation of a new departure lounge.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
External links
Official website
Aéroport de Rodez–Marcillac (Union of the French Airports).
Airports in Occitania (administrative region)
Airports established in 1971
Buildings and structures in Aveyron |
5390629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint-%C3%89tienne%E2%80%93Bouth%C3%A9on%20Airport | Saint-Étienne–Bouthéon Airport | Saint-Étienne–Bouthéon Airport or Aéroport de Saint-Étienne–Bouthéon is an international airport serving the French city of Saint-Étienne. It is located in Andrézieux-Bouthéon, 12 km north-northwest of Saint-Étienne, within the département of Loire in the Rhône-Alpes région and mainly used by low-cost airlines.
In February 2017, the airport decided to cancel all subsidies towards low cost carriers serving the airport which led to Ryanair and Pegasus Airlines cancelling all services to Saint-Étienne by 2018. As of April 2018, the airport website mentions no scheduled services, but there are holiday charters, mainly to Mediterranean destinations.
Statistics
References
External links
Saint-Étienne Bouthéon Airport (official site)
Aéroport de Saint-Etienne – Bouthéon (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Auvergne-Rhône-Alpes
Buildings and structures in Loire (department)
Transport in Saint-Étienne |
5390631 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toulon%E2%80%93Hy%C3%A8res%20Airport | Toulon–Hyères Airport | Toulon–Hyères Airport (, ) is an airport serving Toulon, a commune in the Var department of the Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur region in France. The airport is located southeast of Hyères, and east of Toulon. It is also known as Hyères Le Palyvestre Airport. The airport opened in 1966.
Facilities
The airport resides at an elevation of above mean sea level. It has two paved runways: 05/23 measures and 13/31 is .
Military use
This airport is shared with the French Naval Aviation (Aéronautique navale), as Hyeres Naval Air Base (la base d'aviation navale d'Hyères). Several squadrons of helicopters and fixed-wing aircraft are based on the south-western side of the airport.
Airlines and destinations
Statistics
References
External links
Toulon–Hyères Airport (official site)
Aéroport de Toulon – Hyères (Union des Aéroports Français)
Airports in Provence-Alpes-Côte d'Azur
Airports established in 1966 |
5390632 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vill%C3%A1ny | Villány | Villány (, , ) is a town in Baranya county, Hungary that is famous for its wine. Residents are Hungarians, with minority of Serbs and Germans of Hungary. Until the end of World War II, the inhabitants were Danube Swabians, also called locally as Stifolder, because their ancestors once came around 1720 from Fulda (district). Mostly of the former German Settlers was expelled to Allied-occupied Germany and Allied-occupied Austria in 1945–1948, about the Potsdam Agreement.
Only a few Germans of Hungary live there, the majority today are descendant of Hungarians from the Czechoslovak–Hungarian population exchange. They received the houses of the former Danube Swabians inhabitants.
Etymology
The name derives from the Hungarian word for lightning, villám. Formerly (centuries ago), the settlement was recorded under this form of name.
History
After the Ottoman occupation until 1918, VILLÁNY was part of the Austrian monarchy, province of Hungary; in Transleithania after the compromise of 1867 in the Kingdom of Hungary.
A post-office was opened end of 1867 (depending from Oedenburg Post Directorate).
Geography
The city is located in the encounter of three large geographical regions: the Great Hungarian Plain from the south, Baranya Hills from the north, and finally Villány Mountains border it from the west. On the plain, agricultural activity is common. The mountains and the hills provide a suitable place for wine producing.
A fossil site known as "Villány locality 6" or "Villány-Kalkberg Süd" has yielded many vertebrate fossils from Lower Pleistocene.
Demographics
The settlement's population, divided to age groups:
Twin towns – sister cities
Villány is twinned with:
Eislingen, Germany
Stainz, Austria
Vețca, Romania
Zamárdi, Hungary
Wine region
Villány is the most famous red wine region in Hungary. The southernmost wine region has the highest number of sunshine hours.
Hungary's climate is continental. However, the Villány wine region is characterized by its sub-Mediterranean climate because of its location. Here's a great, full-bodied Bordeaux-style red wine cuvee. French varieties Cabernet Sauvignon, Cabernet Franc, Merlot have a great time here. There is also Portugieser, Kékfrankos but we can also meet Kadarka and Syrah grapes.
Of course, white grapes are also cultivated by winemakers such as Italian Riesling, Chardonnay, Sauvignon Blanc and Green Veltelini.
Híres borászatok:
Gere Attila Pincészete www.gere.hu
Bock Pince www.bock.hu
Tiffán Pince www.tiffans.hu
Polgár Pincészet www.polgarpince.hu
Sauska Pincészet www.sauska.hu
Gere Tamás és Zsolt Pincészete www.geretamas.hu
Malatinszky Kúria www.malatinszky.hu
Günczer Tamás Pincészet www.borbinceszet.hu
Maul Borászat www.maul.hu
Szende Pince www.szendepince.hu
Cult of Wine Villány, a Művészpince www.cultofwine.hu
Vitényi Pince www.vitenyi-pince.hu
Blum Pince www.blumpince.hu
Gal Pince www.galpince.hu
Agancsos Pincészet www.agancsos.hu
Kecskés Pincészet
Dolium Pince
References
External links
in Hungarian
Populated places in Baranya County
Wine regions of Hungary
Baranya (region)
History of Baranya (region)
Hungarian German communities
Serb communities in Hungary |
3997448 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20Vary%20Chamberlin | Ralph Vary Chamberlin | Ralph Vary Chamberlin (January 3, 1879October 31, 1967) was an American biologist, ethnographer, and historian from Salt Lake City, Utah. He was a faculty member of the University of Utah for over 25 years, where he helped establish the School of Medicine and served as its first dean, and later became head of the zoology department. He also taught at Brigham Young University and the University of Pennsylvania, and worked for over a decade at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, where he described species from around the world.
Chamberlin was a prolific taxonomist who named over 4,000 new animal species in over 400 scientific publications. He specialized in arachnids (spiders, scorpions, and relatives) and myriapods (centipedes, millipedes, and relatives), ranking among the most prolific arachnologists and myriapodologists in history. He described over 1,400 species of spiders, 1,000 species of millipedes, and the majority of North American centipedes, although the quantity of his output was not always matched with quality, leaving a mixed legacy to his successors. He also did pioneering ethnobiological studies with the Goshute and other indigenous people of the Great Basin, cataloging indigenous names and cultural uses of plants and animals. Chamberlin was celebrated by his colleagues at the University of Utah, however he was disliked among some arachnologists, including some of his former students. After retirement he continued to write, publishing on the history of education in his home state, especially that of the University of Utah.
Chamberlin was a member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). In the early twentieth century, Chamberlin was among a quartet of popular Mormon professors at Brigham Young University whose teaching of evolution and biblical criticism resulted in a 1911 controversy among University and Church officials, eventually resulting in the resignation of him and two other professors despite widespread support from the student body, an event described as Mormonism's "first brush with modernism".
Biography
Early life and education
Ralph Vary Chamberlin was born on January 3, 1879, in Salt Lake City, Utah, to parents William Henry Chamberlin, a prominent builder and contractor, and Eliza Frances Chamberlin (née Brown). Chamberlin traced his paternal lineage to an English immigrant settling in the Massachusetts Bay Colony in 1638, and his maternal lineage to an old Pennsylvania Dutch family. Born to Mormon parents, the young Chamberlin attended Latter-day Saints' High School, and although very interested in nature, initially decided to study mathematics and art before choosing biology. His brother William, the eldest of 12 children, also shared Ralph's scientific interests and would later teach alongside him. Ralph attended the University of Utah, graduating with a B.S. degree in 1898, and subsequently spent four years teaching high school and some college-level courses in biology as well as geology, chemistry, physics, Latin, and German at Latter-day Saints' University. By 1900 he had authored nine scientific publications.
In the summer of 1902 Chamberlin studied at the Hopkins Marine Station of Stanford University, and from 1902 to 1904 studied at Cornell University under a Goldwin Smith Fellowship, and was a member of the Gamma Alpha fraternity and Sigma Xi honor society. He studied under entomologist John Henry Comstock and earned his doctorate in 1904. His dissertation was a taxonomic revision of the wolf spiders of North America, in which he reviewed all known species north of Mexico, recognizing 67 out of around 150 nominal species as distinct and recognizable. Zoologist Thomas H. Montgomery regarded Chamberlin's monograph as one of "decided importance" in using the structure of pedipalps (male reproductive organs) to help define genera, and in its detailed descriptions of species.
Early career: University of Utah
After returning from Cornell, Chamberlin was hired by the University of Utah, where he worked from 1904 to 1908, as an assistant professor (19041905) then full professor. He soon began improving biology courses, which at the time were only of high school grade, to collegiate standards, and introduced new courses in vertebrate histology and embryology. He was the first dean of University of Utah School of Medicine, serving from 1905 to 1907. During the summer of 1906, his plans to teach a summer course in embryology at the University of Chicago were cancelled when he suffered a serious accident in a fall, breaking two leg bones and severing an artery in his leg. In 1907, University officials decided to merge the medical school into an existing department, which made Chamberlin's deanship obsolete. He resigned as dean in May, 1907, although remained a faculty member. The medical students strongly objected, crediting the school's gains over the past few years largely to his efforts.
In late 1907 and early 1908, Chamberlin became involved in a bitter lawsuit with fellow Utah professor Ira D. Cardiff that would cost them both their jobs. Cardiff, a botanist hired in spring of 1907, claimed Chamberlin offered him a professorship with a salary of $2,000 to $2,250 per year, but upon hiring was offered only $1,650 by the university regents. Cardiff filed suit for $350, which a court initially decided Chamberlin must pay, and Chamberlin's wages were garnished. The two became estranged and uncommunicative. There had been tension between them for some time—Chamberlin's supporters claimed Cardiff was involved in his dismissal as dean—and the Salt Lake Tribune noted "friction between the two men, of a different nature and not entirely due to financial matters, arose even before Professor Cardiff received his appointment". In March 1908 the university regents fired both Chamberlin and Cardiff, appointing a single new professor to head the departments of zoology and botany. In July, upon appeal, the suit was overturned and Cardiff ordered to pay costs. Chamberlin had by then secured a job at Brigham Young University.
Brigham Young University
In 1908, Chamberlin was hired to lead the Biology Department at Brigham Young University (BYU), a university owned and operated by The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church), during a period which BYU president George H. Brimhall sought to increase its academic standing. LDS College professor J. H. Paul, in a letter to Brimhall, had written Chamberlin was "one of the world's foremost naturalists, though, I think, he is only about 28 years of age. I have not met his equal ... We must not let him drift away". Chamberlin oversaw expanded biology course offerings and led insect-collecting trips with students. Chamberlin joined a pair of newly hired brothers on the faculty, Joseph and Henry Peterson, who taught psychology and education. Chamberlin and the two Petersons worked to increase the intellectual standing of the University. In 1909 Chamberlin's own brother William H. Chamberlin was hired to teach philosophy. The four academics, all active members of the Church, were known for teaching modern scientific and philosophic ideas and encouraging lively debate and discussion. The Chamberlins and Petersons held the belief that the theory of evolution was compatible with religious views, and promoted historical criticism of the Bible, the view that the writings contained should be viewed from the context of the time: Ralph Chamberlin published essays in the White and Blue, BYU's student newspaper, arguing that Hebrew legends and historical writings were not to be taken literally. In an essay titled "Some Early Hebrew Legends" Chamberlin concluded: "Only the childish and immature mind can lose by learning that much in the Old Testament is poetical and that some of the stories are not true historically." Chamberlin believed that evolution explained not only the origin of organisms but of human theological beliefs as well.
In late 1910, complaints from stake presidents inspired an investigation into the teachings of the professors. Chamberlin's 1911 essay "Evolution and Theological Belief" was considered particularly objectionable by school officials. In early 1911 Ralph Chamberlin and the Peterson brothers were offered a choice to either stop teaching evolution or lose their jobs. The three professors were popular among students and faculty, who denied that the teaching of evolution was destroying their faith. A student petition in support of the professors signed by over 80% of the student body was sent to the administration, and then to local newspapers. Rather than change their teachings, the three accused professors resigned in 1911, while William Chamberlin remained for another five years.
In 1910, Chamberlin was elected a fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science.
Pennsylvania and Harvard
After leaving Brigham Young, Chamberlin was employed as a lecturer and George Leib Harrison Foundation research fellow at the University of Pennsylvania from 1911 to 1913. From March 1913 to December 31, 1925, he was the Curator of Arachnids, Myriapods, and Worms at the Museum of Comparative Zoology at Harvard University, where many of his scientific contributions were made. Here his publications included surveys of all known millipedes of Central America and the West Indies; and descriptions of animals collected by the Canadian Arctic Expedition (1913–1916); by Stanford and Yale expeditions to South America; and by various expeditions of the USS Albatross. He was elected a member of the American Society of Naturalists and the American Society of Zoologists in 1914, and in 1919 served as second vice-president of the Entomological Society of America. He served as a technical expert for the U.S. Horticultural Board and U.S. Biological Survey from 1923 until the mid 1930s.
Return to Utah
Chamberlin returned to the University of Utah in 1925, where he was made head of the departments of zoology and botany. When he arrived, the faculty consisted of one zoologist, one botanist, and an instructor. He soon began expanding the size and diversity of the biology program, and by the time of his retirement the faculty consisted of 16 professors, seven instructors, and three special lecturers. He was the university's most celebrated scientist according to Sterling M. McMurrin, and his course on evolution was among the most popular on campus. He established the journal Biological Series of the University of Utah and supervised the graduate work of several students who would go on to distinguished careers, including Willis J. Gertsch, Wilton Ivie, William H. Behle and Stephen D. Durrant; the latter three would later join Chamberlin as faculty members. From 1930–1939, Chamberlin was secretary-treasurer of the Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement Board and conducted mosquito surveys of the region, identifying marshes controlled by local hunting clubs as the main source of salt marsh mosquitoes plaguing the city. From 1938-1939 he took a year-long sabbatical, during which he studied in European universities and museums, presided over a section of the International Congresses of Entomology in Berlin, and later studied biology and archaeology in Mexico and South America. In 1942 he received an honorary Doctor of Science from the University of Utah. He retired in 1948, and in 1957, an honor ceremony was held by the Utah Phi Sigma Society in which a portrait of Chamberlin painted by Alvin L. Gittins was donated to the University and a book of commemorative letters produced. In 1960 the University of Utah Alumni Association awarded Chamberlin its Founders Day Award for Distinguished Alumni, the university's highest honor.
Chamberlin was noted by colleagues at Utah for being a lifelong champion of the scientific method and instilling in his students ideas that natural processes must be used to explain human existence. Angus and Grace Woodbury wrote that one of his greatest cultural contributions was his ability "to lead the naive student with fixed religious convictions gently around that wide gulf that separated him from the trained scientific mind without pushing him over the precipice of despair and illusion." His influence continued as his students became teachers, gradually increasing societal understanding of evolution and naturalistic perspectives. His colleague and former student Stephen Durrant stated "by word, and especially by precept, he taught us diligence, inquisitiveness, love of truth, and especially scientific honesty". Durrant compared Chamberlin to noted biologists such as Spencer Fullerton Baird and C. Hart Merriam in the scope of his contributions science.
Personal life and death
On July 9, 1899, Chamberlin married Daisy Ferguson of Salt Lake City, with whom he had four children: Beth, Ralph, Della, and Ruth. His first marriage ended in divorce in 1910. On June 28, 1922, he married Edith Simons, also of Salt Lake, and with whom he had six children: Eliot, Frances, Helen, Shirley, Edith, and Martha Sue. His son Eliot became a mathematician and 40-year professor at the University of Utah. Chamberlin's second wife died in 1965, and Chamberlin himself died in Salt Lake City after a short illness on October 31, 1967, at the age of 88. He was survived by his 10 children, 28 grandchildren, and 36 great-grandchildren.
Research
Chamberlin's work includes more than 400 publications spanning over 60 years. The majority of his research concerned the taxonomy of arthropods and other invertebrates, but his work also included titles in folklore, economics, anthropology, language, botany, anatomy, histology, philosophy, education, and history. He was a member of the American Society of Naturalists, Torrey Botanical Club, New York Academy of Sciences, Boston Society of Natural History, Biological Society of Washington, and the Utah Academy of Sciences.
Taxonomy
Chamberlin was a prolific taxonomist of invertebrate animals who named and described over 4,000 species, specializing in the study of arachnids (spiders, scorpions, and their relatives), and myriapods (millipedes, centipedes, and relatives), but also publishing on molluscs, marine worms, and insects. By 1941 he had described at least 2,000 species, and by 1957 had described a total of 4,225 new species, 742 new genera, 28 new families, and 12 orders. Chamberlin's taxonomic publications continued to appear until at least 1966.
Chamberlin ranks among the most prolific arachnologists in history. In a 2013 survey of the most prolific spider systematists, Chamberlin ranked fifth in total number of described species (1,475) and eighth in number of species that were still valid (984), i.e. not taxonomic synonyms of previously described species. At the University of Utah Chamberlin co-authored several works with his students Wilton Ivie and Willis J. Gertsch, who would both go on to become notable spider scientists: the "famous duo" of Chamberlin and Ivie described hundreds of species together. Chamberlin described or co-described more than a third of the 621 spiders known to occur in his native Utah. Chamberlin was also a leading expert in North American tarantulas, describing over 60 species. Chamberlin worked with other groups of arachnids as well, including scorpions, harvestmen, and schizomids, and described several pseudoscorpions with his nephew Joseph C. Chamberlin, himself a prominent arachnologist.
Among fellow arachnologists, Chamberlin was regarded as influential but not particularly well-liked: in many of his papers co-authored with Ivie, it was Ivie himself who did most of the collecting, and describing, while Chamberlin remained first author, and a 1947 quarrel over recognition led to Ivie abandoning arachnology for many years. When arachnologist Arthur M. Chickering sent Chamberlin a collection of specimens from Panama, Chamberlin never returned them and in fact published on them, which made Chickering reluctant to collaborate with colleagues. Chamberlin is said to have eventually been banned from the Museum of Comparative Zoology by Ernst Mayr in his later years, and after Chamberlin's death his former student Gertsch said "his natural meanness finally got him".
Chamberlin's other major area of study was myriapods. He was publishing on centipedes as early as 1901, and between then and around 1960 was the preeminent, if not exclusive, researcher of North American centipedes, responsible for naming the vast majority of North American species, and many from around the world. In addition, he named more than 1,000 species of millipedes, ranking among the three most prolific millipede taxonomists in history. His 1958 "Checklist of the millipeds of North America", a compilation eight years in the making of all records and species north of Mexico, represented nearly a 600% increase in species recorded from the previous such list published over 50 years earlier, although the work itself described no new species. Chamberlin contributed articles on millipedes, pauropods and symphylans to the 1961 edition of the Encyclopædia Britannica.
Although a prolific describer of species, his legacy to myriapod taxonomy has been mixed. Many of Chamberlin's descriptions of centipedes and millipedes were often brief and/or unillustrated, or illustrated in ways which hindered their use in identification by other researchers. He described some new species based solely on location, or on subtle leg differences now known to change during molting, and many of Chamberlin's names have subsequently been found to be, or are suspected to be, synonyms of species already described. Biologist Richard Hoffman, who worked with Chamberlin on the 1958 checklist, later described Chamberlin as "an exemplar of minimal taxonomy", and stated his taxonomic work on Central American myriapods "introduced far more problems than progress, a pattern which was to persist for many decades to come". Hoffman wrote Chamberlin was "an admitted 'alpha taxonomist' whose main interest was naming new species", although recognized Chamberlin's work with stone centipedes as pioneering, and of a quality unmatched in Chamberlin's later work.
Chamberlin studied not only arthropods but soft-bodied invertebrates as well. He described over 100 new species and 22 new genera of polychaete worms in a two-volume work considered one of the "great monuments" in annelid taxonomy by the former director of the Hopkins Marine Station, and published on Utah's molluscan fauna. He was section editor on sipunculids as well as myriapods for the academic journal database Biological Abstracts. William Behle has noted he also made indirect contributions to ornithology, including leading several multi-day specimen collecting trips and guiding the graduate research of Stephen Durrant, who worked on Utah game birds, and Behle himself, who studied nesting birds of the Great Salt Lake.
After Chamberlin's death, his collection of some 250,000 spider specimens was donated to the American Museum of Natural History in New York, bolstering the museum's status as the world's largest arachnid repository. Similarly, his collection of millipedes was deposited in the National Museum of Natural History in Washington, D.C., helping to make that museum the world's largest single collection of millipede type specimens—the individual specimens used to describe species.
Great Basin cultural studies
Early in his career, Chamberlin studied the language and habits of indigenous peoples of the Great Basin. He worked with the Goshute band of the Western Shoshone to document their uses of over 300 plants in food, beverages, medicine, and construction materials—their ethnobotany—as well as the names and meanings of plants in the Goshute language. His resulting publication, "The Ethno-botany of the Gosiute Indians of Utah", is considered the first major ethnobotanical study of a single group of Great Basin peoples. He also published surveys of Goshute animal and anatomical terms, place and personal names, and a compilation of plant names of the Ute people. One of Chamberlin's later colleagues at the University of Utah was Julian Steward, known as the founder of cultural ecology. Steward himself described Chamberlin's work as "splendid", and anthropologist Virginia Kerns writes that Chamberlin's experience with indigenous Great Basin cultures facilitated Steward's own cultural studies: "in terms of ecological knowledge, [Steward's younger informants] probably could not match the elders who had instructed Chamberlin. That made his research on Goshute ethnobotany all the more valuable to Steward." Chamberlin gave Goshute-derived names to some of the organisms he described, such as the spider Pimoa, meaning "big legs", and the worm Sonatsa, meaning "many hooks", in the Goshute language.
Other works
Chamberlin's work extended beyond biology and anthropology to include historical, philosophical, and theological writings. At BYU he published several articles in the student newspaper on topics such as historical criticism of the Bible and the relationship of evolutionary theory with religious beliefs. In 1925, he wrote a biography of his brother William H. Chamberlin, a philosopher and theologian who had died several years earlier. Utah philosopher Sterling McMurrin, stated the biography "had a considerable impact" on his own life, and noted "the fact that the book adequately and persuasively presents W. H. Chamberlin's philosophic thought shows the philosophical competence of Ralph Chamberlin" In 1932, Chamberlin wrote "Life in Other Worlds: a Study in the History of Opinion", one of the earliest surveys from ancient to modern times of the concept of cosmic pluralism, the idea that the universe contains multiple inhabited worlds. After retiring in 1948, Chamberlin devoted significant attention to the history of the University of Utah. In 1949 he edited a biographical tribute to John R. Park, an influential Utah educator of the 19th century. Assembled from comments and reflections from Park's own students, Memories of John Rockey Park was praised by University of Utah English professor B. Roland Lewis, who claimed it "warrants being read by every citizen of [Utah]." Later in his career, Chamberlin produced an authoritative book, The University of Utah, a History of its First Hundred Years, which BYU historian Eugene E. Campbell called "an excellent history of this important western institution." The University of Utah also contains an extensive account of the University of Deseret, the LDS Church-founded university that preceded the University of Utah.
Religious views
Chamberlin was a Mormon, an active member of The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church). He believed that there should be no animosity between religion and science. Stake President George W. McCune described a 1922 meeting in which Chamberlin testified "to the effect that all his labors and researches in the laboratories of science, while very interesting, and to a great extent satisfying to the intellect, did not satisfy the soul of man, and that he yearned for something more," adding Chamberlin "bore testimony that he knew that ours is the true Church of Jesus Christ." University of Oregon doctoral student Tim S. Reid called Chamberlin clearly devout, however, Sterling McMurrin stated "spiders are different from metaphysics, and I think Ralph was not such a devout Mormon."
Selected works
Scientific
(With Wilton Ivie)
(With Richard L. Hoffman)
Historical & biographical
(With William C. Darrah and Charles Kelly)
Eponymous taxa
The taxa (e.g. genus or species) named after Chamberlin are listed below, followed by author(s) and year of naming, and taxonomic family. Taxa are listed as originally described: subsequent research may have reassigned taxa or rendered some as invalid synonyms of previously named taxa.
Paeromopus chamberlini Brolemann, 1922
Tibellus chamberlini Gertsch, 1933 (Philodromidae)
Hivaoa chamberlini Berland, 1942 (Tetragnathidae)
Euglena chamberlini D. T. Jones, 1944 (Euglenaceae)
Chondrodesmus chamberlini Hoffman, 1950 (Polydesmida, Chelodesmidae)
Chamberlinia Machado, 1951 (Geophilomorpha, Oryidae)
Haploditha chamberlinorum Caporiacco, 1951 (Tridenchthoniidae)
Rhinocricus chamberlini Schubart, 1951
Chamberlineptus Causey, 1954 (Spirostreptidae)
Varyomus Hoffman, 1954 (Polydesmida, Euryuridae)
Chamberlinius Wang, 1956
Haplodrassus chamberlini Platnick & Shadab, 1975 (Gnaphosidae)
Myrmecodesmus chamberlini Shear, 1977 (Pyrgodesmidae)
Aphonopelma chamberlini Smith, 1995 (Theraphosidae)
Mallos chamberlini Bond & Opell, 1997 (Dictynidae)
Pyrgulopsis chamberlini Hershler, 1998 (Hydrobiidae)
See also
Creation–evolution controversy
Ann Chamberlin, granddaughter
Ecology of the Great Basin
Great Basin Desert
Mormon views on evolution
Notes
References
Cited works
Further reading
External links
Chamberlin's publications on spiders from the World Spider Catalog
Chamberlin's publications on myriapods from the International Society of Myriapodology
Works by Ralph Vary Chamberlin at Biodiversity Heritage Library
Ralph Vary Chamberlin papers, 1890–1969 and Ralph Chamberlin photograph collection (J. Willard Marriott Library, University of Utah)
Ralph Vary Chamberlin papers, 1940–1967. A Register of the Collection at the Utah State Historical Society
American ethnographers
American arachnologists
Ethnobiologists
Myriapodologists
1879 births
1967 deaths
Fellows of the American Association for the Advancement of Science
Historians of Utah
Brigham Young University faculty
Harvard University staff
University of Utah faculty
University of Pennsylvania faculty
Cornell University College of Agriculture and Life Sciences alumni
University of Utah alumni
Scientists from Salt Lake City
20th-century American zoologists
Latter Day Saints from Utah |
3997452 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RIAA%20equalization | RIAA equalization | RIAA equalization is a specification for the recording and playback of phonograph records, established by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA). The purposes of the equalization are to permit greater recording times (by decreasing the mean width of each groove), to improve sound quality, and to reduce the groove damage that would otherwise arise during playback.
The RIAA equalization curve was intended to operate as a de facto global industry standard for records since 1954, but when the change actually took place is difficult to determine.
Before then, especially from 1940, each record company applied its own equalization; over 100 combinations of turnover and rolloff frequencies were in use, the main ones being Columbia-78, Decca-U.S., European (various), Victor-78 (various), Associated, BBC, NAB, Orthacoustic, World, Columbia LP, FFRR-78 and microgroove, and AES. The obvious consequence was that different reproduction results were obtained if the recording and playback filtering were not matched.
The RIAA curve
RIAA equalization is a form of pre-emphasis on recording and de-emphasis on playback. A recording is made with the low frequencies reduced and the high frequencies boosted, and on playback, the opposite occurs. The net result is a flat frequency response, but with attenuation of high-frequency noise such as hiss and clicks that arise from the recording medium. Reducing the low frequencies also limits the excursions the cutter needs to make when cutting a groove. Groove width is thus reduced, allowing more grooves to fit into a given surface area, permitting longer recording times. This also reduces physical stresses on the stylus, which might otherwise cause distortion or groove damage during playback.
A potential drawback of the system is that rumble from the playback turntable's drive mechanism is amplified by the low-frequency boost that occurs on playback. Players must, therefore, be designed to limit rumble, more so than if RIAA equalization did not occur.
RIAA playback equalization is not a simple low-pass filter. It defines transition points in three places: 75 μs, 318 μs and 3180 μs, which correspond to 2122 Hz, 500 Hz and 50 Hz (rounded values).
Mathematically, the pre-emphasis transfer function is expressed as follows, where T1=3180 μs, T2=318 μs, etc.:
Implementing this characteristic is not especially difficult, but is more involved than a simple amplifier. Practically every 20th century hi-fi preamplifier, integrated amplifier and receiver featured a built-in phono preamplifier with the RIAA characteristic. As more modern designs omitted the phonograph inputs, add-on phono preamplifiers with the RIAA equalization curve have come available. These adapt a magnetic phono cartridge to an unbalanced −10 dBv consumer line-level RCA input. Some modern turntables feature built-in preamplification to the RIAA standard. Special preamplifiers are also available for the various equalization curves used on pre-1954 records.
Digital audio editors often feature the ability to equalize audio samples using standard and custom equalization curves, removing the need for a dedicated hardware preamplifier when capturing audio with a computer. However, this can add an extra step in processing a sample, and may amplify audio quality deficiencies of the sound card being used to capture the signal.
History
Origins of pre-emphasis
Equalization practice for electrical recordings dates to the beginning of the art. In 1926, Joseph P. Maxwell and Henry C. Harrison from Bell Telephone Laboratories disclosed that the recording pattern of the Western Electric "rubber line" magnetic disc cutter had a constant-velocity characteristic. This meant that as frequency increased in the treble, recording amplitude decreased. Conversely in the bass, as frequency decreased, recording amplitude increased. Therefore, attenuating the bass frequencies was necessary below about 250 Hz, the bass turnover point, in the amplified microphone signal fed to the recording head. Otherwise, bass modulation became excessive and overcutting took place, with the cutter getting into the next record groove. When played back electrically with a magnetic pickup having a smooth response in the bass region, a complementary boost in amplitude at the bass turnover point was necessary. G. H. Miller in 1934 reported that when complementary boost at the turnover point was used in radio broadcasts of records, the reproduction was more realistic and many of the musical instruments stood out in their true form.
West in 1930 and later P. G. H. Voight (1940) showed that the early Wente-style condenser microphones contributed to a 4- to 6-dB midrange brilliance or pre-emphasis in the recording chain. This meant that the electrical recording characteristics of Western Electric licensees such as Columbia Records and Victor Talking Machine Company had a higher amplitude in the midrange region. Brilliance such as this compensated for dullness in many early magnetic pickups having drooping midrange and treble response. As a result, this practice was the empirical beginning of using pre-emphasis above 1,000 Hz in 78 and 33 rpm records, some 29 years before the RIAA curve.
Over the years, a variety of record equalization practices emerged, with no industry standard. For example, in Europe, for many years recordings required playback with a bass turnover setting of 250 to 300 Hz and a treble rolloff at 10,000 Hz ranging from 0 to −5 dB, or more. In the United States, practices varied and a tendency arose to use higher bass turnover frequencies, such as 500 Hz, as well as a greater treble rolloff such as −8.5 dB, and more. The purpose was to record higher modulation levels on the record.
Standardization
Evidence from the early technical literature concerning electrical recording suggests that serious efforts to standardize recording characteristics within an industry did not occur until 1942–1949. Before this time, electrical recording technology from company to company was considered a proprietary art all the way back to the 1925 Western Electric licensed method first used by Columbia and Victor. For example, what Brunswick-Balke-Collender (Brunswick Corporation) did was different from the practices of Victor.
Broadcasters were faced with having to adapt daily to the varied recording characteristics of many sources - various makers of "home recordings" readily available to the public, European recordings, lateral cut transcriptions, and vertical cut transcriptions. Efforts were started in 1942 to standardize within the National Association of Broadcasters (NAB), later known as the National Association of Radio and Television Broadcasters. The NAB, among other items, issued recording standards in 1942 and 1949 for laterally and vertically cut records, principally transcriptions. A number of 78 rpm record producers, as well as early LP makers, also cut their records to the NAB lateral standard.
The lateral-cut NAB curve was remarkably similar to the NBC Orthacoustic curve, which evolved from practices within the National Broadcasting Company since the mid-1930s. Empirically, and not by any formula, the bass end of the audio spectrum below 100 Hz could be boosted somewhat to override system hum and turntable rumble noises. Likewise at the treble end beginning at 1,000 Hz, if audio frequencies were boosted by 16 dB at 10,000 Hz the delicate sibilant sounds of speech and high overtones of musical instruments could be heard despite the high background noise of shellac discs. When the record was played back using a complementary inverse curve (de-emphasis), signal-to-noise ratio was improved and the programming sounded more lifelike.
In a related area, around 1940 treble pre-emphasis similar to that used in the NBC Orthacoustic recording curve was first employed by Edwin Howard Armstrong in his system of frequency modulation (FM) radio broadcasting. FM radio receivers using Armstrong circuits and treble de-emphasis would render high-quality, wide-range audio output with low noise levels.
When the Columbia LP was released in June 1948, the developers subsequently published technical information about the 33 rpm, microgroove, long-playing record. Columbia disclosed a recording characteristic showing that it was like the NAB curve in the treble, but had more bass boost or pre-emphasis below about 150 Hz. The authors disclosed electrical network characteristics for the Columbia LP curve. Nevertheless, the curve was not yet based on mathematical formulae, at least not explicitly.
In 1951, at the beginning of the post-World War II high fidelity (hi-fi) popularity, the Audio Engineering Society (AES) developed a standard playback curve. This was intended for use by hi-fi amplifier manufacturers. If records were engineered to sound good on hi-fi amplifiers using the AES curve, this would be a worthy goal towards standardization. This curve was defined by the transition frequencies of audio filters and had a pole at 2.5 kHz (approximately 63.7 μs) and a zero at 400 Hz (approximately 397.9 μs).
RCA Victor and Columbia were in a "market war" concerning which recorded format was going to win: the Columbia LP versus the RCA Victor 45 rpm disc (released in February 1949). Besides also being a battle of disc size and record speed, there was a technical difference in the recording characteristics. RCA Victor was using "New Orthophonic", whereas Columbia was using their own LP curve.
Ultimately, the New Orthophonic curve was disclosed in a publication by R. C. Moyer of RCA Victor in 1953; additional background information about this evolution can also be found in another article of the same author, published in 1957. He traced the RCA Victor characteristics back to the Western Electric "rubber line" recorder in 1925 up to the early 1950s laying claim to long-held recording practices and reasons for major changes in the intervening years. The RCA Victor New Orthophonic curve was within the tolerances for the NAB/NARTB, Columbia LP, and AES curves. It eventually became the technical predecessor to the RIAA curve.
Between 1953 and 1956 (before the stereo LP in 1958), several standards bodies around the world adopted the same playback curve—identical to the RCA Victor New Orthophonic curve—which became standard throughout the national and international record markets. However, although these standards were all identical, no universal name was used. One of the standards was called simply "RIAA", and it is likely that this name was eventually adopted because it was memorable.
Some niche record cutters possibly were still using EQ curves other than the RIAA curve well into the 1970s. As a result, some audio manufacturers today produce phono equalizers with selectable EQ curves, including options for Columbia LP, Decca, CCIR, and TELDEC's Direct Metal Mastering.
The Enhanced RIAA curve
The official RIAA standard defines three time-constants with pre-emphasis rising indefinitely above 75 μs, but in practice this is not possible. When the RIAA equalization standard was written the inherent bandwidth limitations of the recording equipment and cutting amplifier imposed their own ultimate upper limit on the pre-emphasis characteristic, so no official upper limit was included in the RIAA definition.
Modern systems have far wider potential bandwidth. An essential feature of all cutting amplifiers—including the Neumann cutting amplifiers—is a forcibly imposed high frequency roll-off above the audio band (>20 kHz). This implies two or more additional time constants to those defined by the RIAA curve. This is not standardized anywhere, but set by the maker of the cutting amplifier and associated electronics.
The so-called "Enhanced RIAA" curve or "eRIAA" curve attempts to provide complementary correction for these unofficial time constants upon playback.
Background
In 1995, a nonacademic source erroneously suggested that Neumann cutting amplifiers applied a single high-frequency pole at 3.18 μs (about 50 kHz) and that a complementary zero should therefore be included upon playback. However, no such pole exists.
For example, the RIAA pre-emphasis in the popular Neumann SAB 74B equalizer reaches a maximum at 100 kHz, and in addition to this, the circuit also applies a second-order roll off at 49.9 kHz, implemented by a Butterworth (maximally flat) active filter, plus an additional pole at 482 kHz. This cannot be compensated for by a simple zero even if it were necessary, and in any case, other amplifiers will differ. Correction upon playback is not, in fact, required, as it is taken into account at the cutting stage when manual equalization is applied while monitoring initial cuts on a standard RIAA playback system. Nevertheless, the use of the erroneous zero remains a subject of some debate among amateur enthusiasts.
Many common phono preamplifier designs using negative feedback equalization include an unintentional zero at high frequencies, similar to that proposed by Wright. This was illustrated, for example, in the seminal 1980 work on RIAA playback equalization by Lipshitz/Jung, though it was noted as unwanted.
Some phono preamplifiers include additional circuitry to correct this and ensure that the output follows the RIAA curve accurately. In most, however, this is omitted.
IEC RIAA curve
In 1976, an alternative version of the replay curve (but not the recording curve) was proposed by the International Electrotechnical Commission, differing from the RIAA replay curve only in the addition of a pole at 7950 μs (approximately 20 Hz). The justification was to reduce the subsonic output of the phono amplifier caused by disk warp and turntable rumble.
This so-called IEC amendment to the RIAA curve is not universally seen as desirable, as it introduces considerable amplitude and—of more concern—phase errors into the low-frequency response during playback. The simple first-order roll-off also provides only very mild reduction of rumble, and many manufacturers consider that turntables, arm, and cartridge combinations should be of sufficient quality for problems not to arise.
Some manufacturers follow the IEC standard, others do not, while the remainder make this IEC-RIAA option user selectable. It remains subject to debate some 35 years later. This IEC Amendment was withdrawn in June 2009, though.
TELDEC/DIN Curve
Telefunken and Decca founded a record company (Teldec) that used a characteristic which was also proposed for German DIN Standards in July 1957 (Entwurf DIN 45533, DIN 45536, and DIN 45537). Incidentally, this Standards proposal defined exactly the same characteristic as the intermediate CCIR Recommendation No. 208 of 1956, which was valid until about mid 1959. Nevertheless, the DIN Standards proposal was adopted in April 1959 (DIN 45533:1959, DIN 45536:1959, and DIN 45537:1959), that is, at a time when the RIAA characteristic was already well-established; and it was in effect until November 1962, when the German DIN finally adopted the RIAA characteristic (DIN 45536:1962 and DIN 45537:1962). The extent of usage of the Teldec characteristic is unclear, though.
The time constants of the Teldec characteristic are 3180 μs (approximately 50 Hz), 318 μs (approximately 500 Hz), and 50 μs (approximately 3183 Hz), thus differing only in the third value from the corresponding RIAA values. Although the Teldec characteristic is close to the RIAA characteristic, it is different enough for recordings recorded with the former and played back with the latter to sound a little dull.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Powell, James R., Jr. The Audiophile's Technical Guide to 78 RPM, Transcription, and Microgroove Recordings. 1992; Gramophone Adventures, Portage, MI.
Powell, James R., Jr. Broadcast Transcription Discs. 2001; Gramophone Adventures, Portage, MI.
Powell, James R., Jr. and Randall G. Stehle. Playback Equalizer Settings for 78 RPM Recordings. Second Edition. 1993, 2001; Gramophone Adventures, Portage, MI.
External links
Playback equalization for 78rpm shellacs and pre-RIAA LPs (EQ curves, index of record labels): Audacity Wiki
Description and diagrams of RIAA equalization curve
Sample passive filter designs
Equalization
Audio engineering
Recorded music
Audio storage |
5390638 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrichshafen%20Airport | Friedrichshafen Airport | Friedrichshafen Airport (, ; also known as Bodensee Airport Friedrichshafen) is a minor international airport 1.9 miles (3 km) north of Friedrichshafen, Germany, on the banks of Lake Constance (German: Bodensee). It is the third biggest airport in the German state of Baden-Württemberg after Stuttgart and Karlsruhe/Baden-Baden and served 559,985 passengers in 2015. Friedrichshafen features flights to European metropolitan and leisure destinations. Due to its proximity to the Austrian Alps it is also heavily used during the winter by skiing tourists.
The Messe Friedrichshafen convention center is just north of the airport's runway. The center hosts an annual European general aviation conference AERO Friedrichshafen and other conferences.
History
This airport was established at , north-east of Friedrichshafen in 1915 when the first hangars were constructed. The first scheduled passenger flights with Zeppelin airships started from here, long before they were relocated to Frankfurt/Zeppelinheim.
Friedrichshafen saw its first scheduled passenger flights in 1929 with Deutsche Luft Hansa services to Stuttgart-Böblingen Airport. By 1935 the flights were being made in Junkers Ju-52 passenger aircraft. Important engineering firms such as Maybach and Zahnradfabrik Friedrichshafen (ZF), subsidiaries of Luftschiffbau Zeppelin, were also founded in Friedrichshafen. During World War 2, their engines and gearboxes for tanks were flown directly from the airport to e.g. Kharkov, to replenish much-needed supplies during the Battle of Kursk.
Delta Air established the first successful post-war regional flights in 1978, flying to Stuttgart and Zürich. A new terminal building and runway were built between 1988 and 1994. Another new terminal was opened in 2010.
InterSky, based at the airport, shut down its key route to Cologne Bonn Airport, which it had operated for seven years, in October 2010 due to tough competition from Germanwings which started flying the same route in spring 2010. Germanwings closed the route on 14 June 2015.
On 5 November 2015, InterSky ceased all operations due to financial difficulties, leading to the termination of domestic connections to Berlin, Hamburg, Cologne and Düsseldorf. In December 2015, it was announced that the airport might need financial support from its majority owners—the city of Friedrichshafen and the surrounding county—as the shutdown of InterSky—one of the airport's largest customers—led to financial difficulties.
Also in December 2015, VLM Airlines announced it would base three aircraft in Friedrichshafen to take over the domestic routes to Berlin, Düsseldorf and Hamburg previously provided by InterSky. However, VLM went bankrupt in June 2016, leaving these routes abandoned again. In 2019, Sun-Air of Scandinavia, a franchisee of British Airways announced routes from Friedrichshafen to Düsseldorf, Hamburg and Toulouse with only the Düsseldorf service remaining in 2021, partly due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Facilities
The airport consists of one passenger terminal building with seven departure gates (A-G) as well as some shops and restaurants. The apron consists of seven aircraft stands; there are no jet bridges. The terminal building also features office space and an observation deck called the ON TOP terrace. The airport also features an airship hangar as well as general aviation facilities.
The airport was previously the base of InterSky, an Austrian regional airline which is now defunct. A museum dedicated to Dornier Flugzeugwerke, a German aircraft manufacturer, is located next to the terminal.
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Friedrichshafen Airport:
Statistics
Ground transportation
Car
Friedrichshafen can be reached from all directions via federal highways B30 and B31 which are connected to several motorways such as the A96 from Munich or the A13/A14 from Austria and Switzerland. The airport is signposted throughout the city. Taxis and rental car agencies are available at the terminal building.
Train
Friedrichshafen Airport has its own small railway station named Friedrichshafen Flughafen directly across from the terminal building. It is regularly served by local DB Regio and Bodensee-Oberschwaben-Bahn trains, which continue to the city center of Friedrichshafen or the nearest major city, Ulm.
See also
Transport in Germany
List of airports in Germany
References
External links
Official website
Airports in Baden-Württemberg
Buildings and structures in Bodenseekreis
airport
Airports established in 1913
1913 establishments in Germany |
3997454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Bird%20%26%20the%20Mysterious%20Production%20of%20Eggs | Andrew Bird & the Mysterious Production of Eggs | Andrew Bird & the Mysterious Production of Eggs is the third album of Andrew Bird's career post-Bowl of Fire, released in 2005, following his Weather Systems in 2003. The album art, along with track illustrations in the accompanying booklet were drawn by Jay Ryan. Bird expanded on his earlier work on Weather Systems; the song "Skin Is, My" is an outgrowth of his earlier song "Skin".
Reception
"Fake Palindromes" was listed as the 331st best song of the 2000s by the music website Pitchfork. Pitchfork also placed the album at number 181 on their list of top 200 albums of the 2000s.
The album has sold 80,000 copies in the United States by November 2008.
The album was rereleased in February 2017.
Track listing
Other appearances
Tracks 3, 5, and 14 are found on Fingerlings 3.
Personnel
Andrew Birdvocals, guitar, violin, glockenspiel, whistles
David Boucherproduction
Kevin O'Donnelldrums, percussion, beats
Nora O'Connorbacking vocals
David Boucher, Dan Dietrich, Mark Greenberg, Mike Napolitano, Mark Neversengineering
David Bouchermixing
Jim DeMainmastering
Jason Harveylayout design
Jay Ryanartwork, drawing
References
Mysterious Production of Eggs
2005 albums
Righteous Babe Records albums |
3997456 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Logue | Ronald Logue | Ronald (Ron) E. Logue is the former Chairman of the Board and CEO of State Street Corporation (). Logue was appointed Chairman and Chief Executive Officer in 2004. Prior to that he held a number of leadership positions at State Street. Logue joined the company in 1990 as Senior Vice President and head of the investment servicing for US mutual funds. He was named Chief Operating Officer in 2000 and President in 2001. As President and Chief Operating Officer, Logue was responsible for overseeing State Street's investment servicing, securities and investment research and trading activities, as well as information technology. During his presidency, he led the highly successful integration of the Deutsche Bank's Global Securities Services business, acquired in January 2003.
In 2008, Logue earned a total compensation of $28,712,475 at State Street. His compensation included a base salary of $1,000,000, stock awards of $13,366,897, and option awards of $6,441,092.
Logue serves on the board of directors of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston, the Metropolitan Boston Housing Partnership, a nonprofit, low-income housing organization, the United Way of Massachusetts Bay, and The Institute of Contemporary Art. He also serves on the board of overseers of Boston's Museum of Fine Arts. He has served as chairman of the board of directors of State Street Bank Europe Limited and State Street Cayman Trust Company, Ltd. In addition to his business activities, Ron Logue is also a member of the Massachusetts Grand Lodge of Freemasons. Logue's Mother Lodge is Columbian Lodge of the First Masonic District in Massachusetts
On October 22, 2009, it was announced that Logue will retire from State Street on March 1, 2010, after almost two decades with the company and then continue to serve as non-executive chairman of State Street's board of directors for a transition period until January 1, 2011. Upon Logue's retirement on March 1, 2010, State Street President and Chief Operating Officer Joseph "Jay" Hooley, was promoted to CEO, retaining his role as president.
A native of Boston, Logue received both his B.S. and M.B.A. from Boston College.
Prior to his elevation to CEO, Logue held a number of other positions at State Street, including senior vice president and head of the investment servicing for U.S. mutual funds, chief operating officer, and president.
References
External links
Biography from State Street
American chairpersons of corporations
American chief executives of financial services companies
American chief operating officers
Boston College alumni
Deutsche Bank people
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
5390641 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaunas%20Airport | Kaunas Airport | Kaunas Fluxus Airport (), is the second-busiest civil airport in Lithuania after Vilnius Airport and the fourth-busiest in the Baltic states. The airport is located in the central part of the country, northeast of the Kaunas city centre and 100 km west from the capital Vilnius.
History
Kaunas Airport started operations in 1988 when airport activities were moved from the historic S. Darius and S. Girėnas Airport, located in the central part of Kaunas city. In 1991, after Lithuania's independence, it gained the status of an international airport and in 1996 it became a member of Airports Council International and began to take part in the activities of the "Lithuanian Airports" association.
Kaunas Airport was used by YAK-40, and YAK-42 of the local Aeroflot branch since 1988. The flight range was moderate and there were some scheduled flights from Kaunas to Kyiv, Kharkiv, Moscow, Odessa, Simferopol, and Šiauliai. Regional airline Air Lithuania based in Kaunas operated scheduled and charter flights from Kaunas to Budapest, Billund, Hamburg, Malmö, and Oslo from 1993 till 2004.
Ryanair started operating flights to Kaunas in 2004. In 2006 it announced establishment of its base in Kaunas. At the beginning of 2013, Ryanair invested more than 3 million euros in a new aircraft maintenance and repair hangar in Kaunas, which currently employs 220 people (2018 data). The airline is further expanding its aircraft maintenance activity at Kaunas Airport, with a planned further investment of 1.6 million euros, which will allow the servicing of twice as many aircraft. The company intends to employ 40 additional aviation mechanics, and the employment strategy is based on the company's collaboration with the Kaunas School of Mechanics at Kaunas University of Technology in order to prepare necessary specialists and invite students for traineeships.
Air Baltic operated Riga - Kaunas daily flights in 2006-2008 and 2009–2014, sometimes reaching up to 2 daily flights.
Wizzair operated Kaunas-Warsaw-London Luton route for a short period of time in 2005. The airline returned to Kaunas in 2012.
Two temporary terminals were in operation in 2017, when Vilnius Airport was closed for reconstruction and flights transferred to Kaunas.
LOT Polish Airlines started operating six weekly flights to Kaunas International from Warsaw on 21 May 2018.
Overview
Ownership
The airport is owned and operated by the State-owned enterprise Kauno Aerouostas, and is fully governable to the Ministry of Transport and Communications. In May 2013, the Government announced about the plans to merge Vilnius, Kaunas and Palanga airports into one company and the plans were approved by the Lithuanian parliament in November 2013. The merger took place in 2014.
Operations
Ryanair is the main passenger carrier at the airport, and has gradually expanded its network there since 2005 when the airline first landed at the airport. In 2010, Kaunas Airport became the first airline's base in Eastern Europe and this resulted a more-than-doubled-route network expansion at the airport. The airport reported 77% growth in passenger traffic that year and also won the EURO ANNIES 2011 prize awarded by a weekly aviation e-journal anna.aero as being the fastest-growing airport in Europe in the category of under one million passengers.
Catchment area
Almost a quarter of all passenger flow at the airport are travellers from the neighbouring countries Latvia, Belarus and Poland.
Infrastructure
Terminal building
In 2008 the new three-storey terminal building was opened for passenger operations. The building can handle 800,000 passengers per year and the maximum capacity has been already reached in 2010, three years after the opening. The simple linear terminal design allows further expansions both ways.
The ground level is designated arrival area and fully complies with Schengen regulations. There are all essential facilities for arriving passengers, including bureau de change and car rental offices. The upper two levels are for departing passengers only. All 12 check-in desks are located on the first floor, where the passengers flow is separated to Schengen and non-Schengen departure zones through the security areas located on the first and second floors. The airport is not equipped with air bridges which suits the preference of airport's biggest client Ryanair of boarding and disembarking with steps.
The terminal facilities also include airline ticket offices, tourism agents, several shops, bars and cafes throughout the airport.
Runway and apron
The runway of Kaunas Airport is 3,250m long and 45m wide, and is categorized with a 4E ICAO reference code. This enables to handle aircraft with up to 45m wing span and 14m main gear wheel span, which includes planes the size of a Boeing 747 or Antonov An-124. The runway is oriented along the dominant direction of western winds; it is also equipped with CAT II ILS equipment which allows Kaunas Airport to receive aircraft with minimum visibility meteorological conditions.
Theoretical runway average capacity, when aircraft are landing or taking off, is 12 operations per hour. A new taxiway to improve the runway system was built in 2009. Further taxiway improvement works started in June 2013, expanding the southern part of the airport to construct a new 190m-long and 23.2m-broad runway by the end of 2014.
Maintenance facilities
Ryanair operates its own maintenance hangar at Kaunas Airport, which launched operations in January 2013. It can accommodate one aircraft at a time and performs C-type maintenance checks. The same year Ryanair has set to double its MRO capabilities at the airport and began construction of the second hangar in Kaunas.
FL Technics has announced its plans to invest almost 4 million US dollars into high-tech aircraft maintenance equipment at its newly launched MRO hangar in Kaunas. The latest equipment will support FL Technics MRO centre in servicing both narrow and wide body modern aircraft, including Boeing 747 and Boeing 787 Dreamliner. Following the full implementation, of the investment strategy, the new FL Technics base in Kaunas will create almost 300 new jobs, including over 200 places for aircraft mechanics, engineers and other aviation technical personnel.
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines operate regular scheduled and charter flights at Kaunas Airport:
Statistics
The passenger traffic changes in late 2011 and early 2012 at Kaunas Airport are associated with the rivalry between Ryanair and Wizzair. As a response to the Wizzair's new base established at Vilnius Airport in Spring 2011, the Irish low-cost carrier moved Girona and Milan Bergamo routes from Kaunas to Vilnius in late 2011. In November 2012, Ryanair further cut route geography from Kaunas, by transferring Brussels Charleroi, Leeds, Liverpool, London Luton and Oslo Rygge to Vilnius, leaving only four routes available from Kaunas for the entire winter 2012/13 season. Some of the routes were restored in Summer 2013, including seasonal destinations.
List of the busiest airports in the Baltic states
Ground transportation
Motorway
Due to its central location in Lithuania, Kaunas Airport is easily accessible via nearby A6 highway/E262, which connects to the other main motorways in Lithuania A1 motorway (Lithuania) and Via Baltica (E67). Taxis take around 25 minutes to get to the city centre.
Bus
Kaunas city centre is reachable by direct bus route no 29, operated daily by Kauno Autobusai. The express service 29E operates on the same route, but offers limited bus stops on the line. The direct intercity services to capital Vilnius and Lithuanian coastal city Klaipeda are also available from and to Kaunas Airport as well as regional low frequency bus links to and from Anykščiai, Biržai, Ignalina, Kupiškis, Marijampolė, Molėtai, Obeliai, Rokiškis, Širvintos, Utena, Visaginas and Zarasai.
The only international link to the airport is provided by Latvian operator Flybus, which runs the schedule to both Riga city centre and Riga International Airport. The services are based on the timetable of departing and arriving flights at Kaunas Airport.
Other facilities
The Airpark is a territory of Kaunas Free Economic Zone adjacent to Kaunas Airport (3 km border).
See also
List of the busiest airports in the Baltic states
List of the busiest airports in Europe
Transport in Lithuania
References
External links
Official website
Airports in Lithuania
Airports built in the Soviet Union
1988 establishments in the Soviet Union
Airport
Buildings and structures in Kaunas County |
5390642 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svenne%20and%20Lotta | Svenne and Lotta | Svenne & Lotta (in some countries Sven & Charlotte) was a pop duo of Svenne Hedlund and Lotta Hedlund. They met in 1967, when (along with ABBA's Benny Andersson) Svenne Hedlund was the vocalist in the band Hep Stars. Charlotte Walker, which was Lotta Hedlund's name at that time, toured Sweden with the all-girl American trio The Sherrys.
History
It was at Jerry Williams' 'Hamburger börs' show that the couple met, after which they spent time together during the Swedish leg of Lotta's concert tour with the Sherrys. Upon Lotta's return to America, the pair missed each other that Lotta soon travelled back to Sweden; this time with her three children. Seeking parental approval, Lotta also brought her mother to meet Svenne.
With the Hep Stars' popularity diminishing, Lotta was brought in as a new member of the band, along with Benny's songwriting colleague, Björn Ulvaeus. This constellation released two studio albums on their own record label Romance Records, Compromise and Tillsammans. The new line-up didn't last long however, with Benny and Björn setting their sights on international stardom with their fiancées, Anni-Frid Lyngstad and Agnetha Fältskog. Aiming to follow in ABBA's victorious footsteps, Svenne and Lotta competed in the Swedish heats for the Eurovision Song Contest, Melodifestivalen 1975, with the song "Bang-A-Boomerang", but finished 3rd. The song however became their breakthrough in Scandinavia, and the duo became especially popular in Denmark. In the early 1980s they even took the unusual step of recording a Danish language version of their Swedish hit "När Dagen Försvinner" (a cover of Alan Sorrenti's "Tu sei l'unica donna per me"), retitled "Når Dagen Forsvinder".
As artists on the Polar Music record label, owned by ABBA's manager Stig Anderson, Svenne & Lotta released various singles and albums produced by Benny and Björn. These mainly consisted of covers of 1960s hits, later on their own material. Throughout the years they got more songs delivered by their producers, like "If We Only Had the Time" and "Roly Poly Girl", both previously recorded in Swedish by Björn and Benny as "Tänk om jorden vore ung" and "Kära gamla sol" respectively on their 1970 album Lycka. Most notable of all is arguably "Funky Feet", included on Svenne & Lotta's 1976 album Letters; originally written for ABBA's Arrival album, Benny and Björn felt it was too similar to the already-recorded "Dancing Queen"; one of two officially released recordings of the track; the other being Australian pop duo The Studs, who scored a Top 10 in Australia in 1977 with the song. In 1974 the group released a cover of ABBA's "Dance (While the Music Still Goes On)" as a single in Australia, backed with a version of "He Is Your Brother". The single was produced by ABBA's Björn and Benny and the duo subsequently also recorded a Swedish language version of the A-side, entitled "Kom ta en sista dans med mig", which became a major Svensktoppen hit in 1975.
In 1980, Svenne and Lotta signed with Sonet Records and released three albums produced by Ola Håkansson, at the time lead singer with the band Secret Service. The albums featured material written by among others Håkansson, Peo Thyrén, Tim Norell and Alexander Bard, who also went on to find international success with Army of Lovers in the 1990s. From the early 1980s the couple resided in Sävsjö, Småland, and from the early 1990s they frequently toured Scandinavia, occasionally under the moniker The Hep Stars. After 2000, Sven teamed up with some other Swedish 1960s male singers as the act Idolerna (The Idols).
In 2000, the duo returned to Melodifestivalen, and they sang "Bara du och jag" with Swedish rappers Balsam Boys (Gustav Eurén and Stefan Deak). In 2005,m they also made a special anniversary appearance in the show, performing "Bang-A-Boomerang" 30 years after they first competed with the song.
Svenne and Lotta remained active and released records in Swedish, English, and Danish until their divorce in 2014.
Albums discography
Songs We Sang 68 Hep Stars - Lotta not credited] (Olga Records, 1968)
Hep Stars På Svenska [Hep Stars - Lotta not credited] (Olga Records, 1969)
Hep Stars Bästa [Hep Stars - Lotta not credited] (Olga Records, 1970)
Compromise (Romance Records/CBS-Cupol, 1970)
Tillsammans (Romance Records/CBS-Cupol, 1971)
Oldies But Goodies (Polar Music, 1973) (Polydor Records, Germany, 1973)
Svenne & Lotta Med Hep Stars 1966-1968 (EMI, 1973)
Svenne & Lotta/2 (Polar Music, 1975)
Letters (Polar Music, 1976)
20 Golden Hits [includes four tracks originally released as 'The Hep Stars'; "Holiday for Clowns", "A Flower in My Garden", "Let It Be Me" & "Speedy Gonzales"] (Polar Music, 1977)
Bring It On Home (Polar Music, 1978)
Rolls-Royce (Gazell/Sonet, 1980)
Det Är En Härlig Feeling (Gazell/Sonet, 1981)
Love in Colour (Sonet, 1983)
Från Cadillac Till Rolls-Royce [Hep Stars/Svenne & Lotta] (Sonet, 1991)
Nästan Bara På Svenska [Svenne & Lotta med Hep Stars] (EMI, 1992)
Oldies But Greatest (new versions of greatest hits, CMC, Denmark, 1995)
Oldies But Greatest 2 (new versions of greatest hits, CMC, Denmark, 1995)
The Very Best of Svenne & Lotta (new versions of greatest hits, Go On Deluxe, Denmark, 1996)
The Great Collection (new versions of greatest hits, double album, CMC, Denmark, 2000)
Tio Gyllene År Med Svenne & Lotta - 1973-1983 (Universal Music, 2002)
20 Golden Hits (Universal Music, 2004)
Main singles discography
"Let It Be Me" ("Je t'appartiens") / "Groovy Summertime" [Hep Stars - Lotta not credited] (Olga Records, 1968)
"I sagans land" / "Tända på varann" [Hep Stars - Lotta not credited] (Olga Records, 1968)
"Holiday for Clowns" / "A Flower in My Garden" [Hep Stars - Lotta not credited] (Olga Records, 1968]
"Speleman" / "Precis som alla andra" [Hep Stars - Lotta not credited] (Olga Records, 1969)
"Speedy Gonzales" / "Är det inte kärlek säg?" ("Little Green Apples") [Hep Stars - Lotta not credited] (Olga Records, 1969)
"Speedy Gonzales" / "Let It Be Me" ("Je t'appartiens") [Hep Stars med Svenne & Lotta] (EMI, Denmark, 1969)
"Små små ord" / "Världen e' nog som den e'" (Romance Records, 1971)
"Peter Pan" / "Blunda lite grann och dröm" (Date Records, 1972)
"Sandy" / "Makin' Love" (Polar Music, 1973) (Polydor Records, Germany, 1973), (Laurie Records, US, 1974)
"Be My Baby" / "Ginny Come Lately" (Polar Music, 1973),
"Do You Want to Dance?" / "Just Ask Your Heart" (Polar Music, 1973)
"Breaking Up Is Hard to Do" / "The Dreamer (Hush-A-Bye)" (Polar Music, 1973)
"Dance (While the Music Still Goes On)" / "He Is Your Brother" (Polar Music, 1974), (RCA Records, Australia, 1974), (MGM Records, US, 1974)
"Bang en boomerang" / "Kom ta en sista dans med mig" ("Dance (While the Music Still Goes On)" (Polar Music, 1975)
"Bang-A-Boomerang" / "Roly Poly Girl" ("Kära gamla sol") (Polar Music, 1975), (Polydor Records, Germany, 1975), (IBC Records, Belgium, 1975), (Morningstar Records, US, 1976) - AUS #94
"Extra Extra (Read All About It)" / "Changes" (Polar Music, 1976), (RCA Records, Australia, 1976)
"Funky Feet" / "Rocky" (Polar Music, 1976)
"Can't Stop Myself (From Loving You)" / "Where Were You" ("Har du glömt") (Polydor Records, Germany, 1979)
"All Day in Love" / "När dagen försvinner" ("Tu sei l'unica donna per me") (Gazell/Sonet, 1980)
"Don't Put Me Down" / "Queen of the Night" (Gazell/Sonet, 1980)
"Når Dagen Forsvinder" ("Tu sei l'unica donna per me") / "All Day in Love" (Gazell/Sonet, Denmark, 1980)
"Om jag fick leva om mitt liv" ("I'll Never Be the One") / "När jag behövde dig mest" ("Just When I Needed You Most") (Gazell/Sonet, 1981)
"Här är min symfoni" ("This Is My Symphony") / "Bara du" ("Only You") (Gazell/Sonet, 1982)
"Svenne & Lotta Medley Mix" (CMC Records, Denmark, 1994)
References
External links
Official Hep Stars/Svenne & Lotta home page
Svenne & Lotta - Danish biography
Melodifestivalen contestants
Swedish pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1969
Musical groups disestablished in 2014
Swedish musical duos
Pop music duos
Male–female musical duos |
5390649 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thady%20Quill | Thady Quill | "Thady Quill" (or "Bold Thady Quill") is a popular traditional Irish song. The song was written about a man living in County Cork, depicting him "as a beer-swilling, lady-loving sportsman" when he was actually none of those things. Recordings include The Clancy Brothers on their album Come Fill Your Glass with Us.
Composer
The ballad "The Bould Thady Quill" was composed by Johnny Tom Gleeson around 1895 and first put to paper in 1905. Gleeson (1853–1924) was a farmer who lived near Rylane, County Cork. He fancied himself a poet/balladeer, lampooning many of his neighbors and acquaintances.
Subject
Timothy "Thady" Quill (c.1860–1932) was a poor laborer and occasional cattle jobber, who, owning no land nor house, did odd-jobs for the local farmers. Thady, although a burly man, was no athlete, apparently teetotal, while sleeping in barns did not endear him to the ladies—he died a bachelor. Johnny Tom Gleeson engaged Thady as a labourer. However, instead of paying him, he "immortalized" Thady with this ballad, which pleased Thady no end.
Published versions
A version of the ballad with music was published in "Soodlum's Irish Ballad Book" by Oak Publications, London, England, 1982, and another in "Comic Songs of Cork and Kerry" by James N. Healy, published by Mercier Press, 1978.
References
External links
Lyrics at beltainemusic.com
"Bold Thady Quill" by The Clancy Brothers via YouTube
Irish folk songs |
5390652 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferdinand%20Kowarz | Ferdinand Kowarz | Ferdinand Kowarz (23 February 1838, Planá – 22 September 1914, Františkovy Lázně), was a Bohemian-Austrian entomologist who described many new species of Diptera mainly from central Europe
Kowarz was a post office official. To supplement his income he sold collections of Diptera to others in the same field.
Publications
1867 Beschreibung sechs neuer Dipteren-Arten. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien, 17: 319–324, 4 figs.
1868 Dipterologische Notizen II. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien., 18: 213–222
1868 Dipterologische Notizen II. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien., 18: 213–222.
1869 Beitrag zur Dipteren fauna Ungarns. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien., 19: 561- 566.
1874 Die Dipteren-Gattung Chrysotus Meig. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien., 24: 453–478 + 1 pl.
1878 Die Dipteren-Gattung Medeterus Fischer. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien., 27 (1877): 39–76, 24 figs.
1879 Die Dipteren-Gattungen Argyra Macq. und Leucostola Lw. Verh. zool. bot. Ges. Wien., 28 (1878): 437–462, 26 figs
1880 Die Dipterengattung Lasiops Mg. ap Rd., ein Beitrag zum Studium der europäischen Anthomyiden. Mitt. Münch. ent. Ver., 4: 123–140.
1882 Eine neue Art der Dipteren-Gattung Leucostola Lw. Wien. Ent. Zeitg., 1: 32–33.
1883 Beiträge zu einem Verzeichnisse der Dipteren Böhmens I. -III. Wien. Ent. Zeitg., 2: 108–110 (I), 168–170 (II), 241- 243 (III) .*.
1883 Contributiones ad faunam Comitatus Zemplémensis in Hungaria superiore. Diptera Comitatus Zempléniensis collectionis Dies Cornelli Chyzer. Mag. orvos. term., 22: 233–246. (In Hung.; Latin title.)
1884 Beiträge zu einem Verzeichnisse der Dipteren Böhmens IV. Wien. Ent. Zeitg., 3: 45–57.
1885 Mikianov. gen. Dipterorum. Wien. Ent. Zeitg.., 4: 51–52.
1885 Beiträge zu einem Verzeichnisse der Dipteren Böhmens VI. Wien. Ent. Zeitg.., 4: 105–108, 133–136, 167–168, 201–208, 241–244.
1887 Beiträge zu einem Verzeichnisse der Dipteren Böhmens VI. Wien. Ent. Zeitg., 6: 146–154.
1889 Die europäischen Arten der Dipteren-Gattung SympycnusLw. Wien. Ent. Zeitg., 8: 175–185.
1894 Catalogus insectorum faunae bohemicae. -II. Fliegen (Diptera) Böhmens. Prag, 42 pp
There is an online biography Online Biography
Notes
Sources
Osten-Sacken, C. R. 1903: Record of my life and work in entomology. – Cambridge (Mass.) 135–137.
Pont, A. C. 1997: [Kowarz, F.] – Studia dipterologica 4(2) 353–358.
Rozkošný, R. 1971: Bibliography of Diptera in Czechoslovakia 1758–1965. – Vyd. Univ. Brno 91–93.
1838 births
1913 deaths
19th-century Austrian scientists
Austrian entomologists
German Bohemian people
Austrian people of German Bohemian descent
Dipterists
People from České Budějovice District |
3997461 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mill%20Woods | Mill Woods | Mill Woods is a residential area in the city of Edmonton, Alberta, Canada. Located in southeast Edmonton, Mill Woods is bounded by Whitemud Drive (Highway 14) to the north, 91 Street to the west, 34 Street to the east, and Anthony Henday Drive (Highway 216) to the south. Mill Woods is adjacent to three other residential areas including The Meadows to the east across 34 Street, and Southeast Edmonton and Ellerslie to the south and southwest respectively across Anthony Henday Drive.
The development of Mill Woods began in the early 1970s and was one of the first areas of Edmonton to move away from the grid system.
History
The Mill Woods subdivision is situated in land that was once earmarked for a Indian reserve to belong to the Papaschase,a Métis-Cree band that signed treaty between 1876 and 1891. The reserve was deemed to have been abandoned in 1891 and the land was open to agriculture settlement and purchase by new arrivals. Part of the land was then settled by Moravian Brethren from Germany and Russia. Some of it formed a short-lived communal farm in a community associated with the Bruederheim Moravian church. The City of Edmonton began assembling land in this area in 1970 as a means of addressing the shortage of and rising cost of serviced land in the vicinity of Edmonton, and City administrators prepared a plan to develop the area.
The Mill Woods Development Concept was approved in March 1971. It envisioned eight communities and a town centre community. The plan envisioned having a population of approximately 120,000 people at full build-out, a number the area currently contains.
Southeastern areas of Mill Woods suffered heavy damage from the Edmonton tornado in 1987.
The designation of the original Papaschase reserve as abandoned is disputed by the descendants of the Papaschase band. They brought a lawsuit for compensation against the government of Canada in 2001. The Supreme Court of Canada dismissed the lawsuit in 2008 on the grounds that the statute of limitations had expired.
Naming
Mill Woods was named for Mill Creek, which bisects the northeast portion of the area, as well as the formerly wooded nature of the area. It is in line with the mock pastoral names generally chosen for suburban neighbourhoods.
The aboriginal heritage of the area is reflected in the names of numerous neighbourhoods in Mill Woods. For example, the Satoo neighbourhood is named for Chief Satoo of the Cree people.
Geography
Mill Woods comprises a town centre community (Mill Woods Town Centre) and eight surrounding communities (Burnewood, Knottwood, Lakewood, Millbourne, Millhurst, Ridgewood, Southwood, and Woodvale), which are each divided into multiple neighbourhoods. Millbourne was divided into the sub-communities of Leefield and North Millbourne before being divided into two neighbourhoods each.
The communities within Mill Woods are connected by an arterial ring road, Mill Woods Road, along its east, south, and west extent and by 38 Avenue along its north extent. Smaller collector ring roads that intersect Mill Woods Road connect the multiple neighbourhoods typically found within each community.
Within the circle formed by these eight communities are the neighbourhoods of Mill Woods Park, Mill Woods Town Centre and Tawa. Together, these three neighbourhoods form a largely business and service core intended to allow Mill Woods to function as a self-contained community.
Amenities
Mill Woods contains Mill Woods Town Centre (a major shopping mall), the Grey Nuns Community Hospital, an Edmonton Fire Service station. It contains Edmonton Police Service's Southeast Division headquarters; there is a City run Recreation Centre, and is home to Mill Woods Park. As well as Mill Woods Golf Course in the just south of Whitemud Drive.
Schools
Mill Woods has twenty-one Edmonton Public elementary schools, eleven Edmonton Catholic elementary schools, four public junior high schools, three Catholic junior high schools. As well as two high schools J. Percy Page High School, and Holy Trinity Catholic High School. Edmonton Catholic Schools also operates an alternative outreach high school in Mill Woods. Previously, Mill Woods has also been home to the Mill Woods (South) Campus of MacEwan University.
Events
The Mill Woods Presidents' Council, community leagues throughout Mill Woods, and various corporate sponsors provide Canada Day celebrations in Mill Woods Park on July 1 of each year. It features free family entertainment including various musical performances, petting zoos, hay rides and other activities, and concludes with a fireworks display comparable with the Edmonton's primary display in the river valley. Each year around 60,000 people crowd the park for this event, which is the largest neighbourhood celebration in Canada.
Demographics
The total population of Mill Woods according to the City of Edmonton's 2012 municipal census is 78,322. The following is a population breakdown of Mill Woods by neighbourhood.
Transportation
There are two Edmonton Transit Service bus terminals: Lakewood Transit Centre, near Mill Woods Recreation Centre on 28 Avenue NW, and Mill Woods Transit Centre at Mill Woods Town Centre. Another terminal, Millgate Transit Centre, lies just north across Whitemud Drive from the Tweddle Place and Michael's Park neighbourhoods.
Two freeways run by Mill Woods including, Whitemud Drive on the north side and the Anthony Henday Drive on the south; both running east–west. Several arterial roads run in and around Mill Woods. Running north-south are 91 Street, 66 Street, 50 Street and 34 Street. Running east-west are the two freeways as well as 23 Avenue, and 34 Avenue.
In 2021 the Valley Line (Edmonton) of the Edmonton Light Rail Transit system is expected to be completed, and in doing so adding 3 stations in Mill Woods; Millbourne/Woodvale stop, at 38 Avenue NW and 66 Street NW, Grey Nuns stop at 66 Street NW and 31 Street NW and Mill Woods station at 28 Avenue and 62 Street NW.
References
Notes
External links
Mill Woods website
Neighbourhoods in Edmonton |
5390663 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chittenden-3-2%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012 | Chittenden-3-2 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012 | The Chittenden-3-2 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census.
The Chittenden-3-2 District includes a section of the Chittenden County city of Burlington defined as follows:
The rest of Burlington is in Chittenden-3-1, Chittenden-3-3, Chittenden-3-4, Chittenden-3-5 and Chittenden-3-6.
As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Chittenden-3-2 District had a population of 4,070 in that same census, 0.27% above the state average.
District Representative
Mark Larson, Democrat
See also
Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session
Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012
External links
Detail map of the Chittenden-3-1 through Chittenden-3-10 districts (PDF)
Vermont Statute defining legislative districts
Vermont House districts -- Statistics (PDF)
Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012
Burlington, Vermont |
3997462 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Di-tert-butyl%20peroxide | Di-tert-butyl peroxide | Di-tert-butyl peroxide or DTBP is an organic compound consisting of a peroxide group bonded to two tert-butyl groups. It is one of the most stable organic peroxides, due to the tert-butyl groups being bulky. It is a colorless liquid.
Reactions
The peroxide bond undergoes homolysis at temperatures above 100 °C. For this reason di-tert-butyl peroxide is commonly used as a radical initiator in organic synthesis and polymer chemistry. The decomposition reaction proceeds via the generation of methyl radicals.
(CH3)3COOC(CH3)3 → 2 (CH3)3CO•
(CH3)3CO• → (CH3)2CO +
2 → C2H6
DTBP can in principle be used in engines where oxygen is limited, since the molecule supplies both the oxidizer and the fuel.
Toxicity
DTBP is an irritant to noses, and eyes and skin. It is also flammable, so it should be handled with care.
See also
tert-Butyl hydroperoxide
References
External links
Organic peroxides
Fuels
Propellants
Radical initiators
Tert-butyl compounds |
5390666 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/La%20Durantaye%2C%20Quebec | La Durantaye, Quebec | La Durantaye is a parish municipality in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches administrative region of Quebec.
The municipality had a population of 722 in the Canada 2011 Census.
References
Parish municipalities in Quebec
Incorporated places in Chaudière-Appalaches |
3997493 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMBFAST | CMBFAST | In physical cosmology, CMBFAST is a computer code, written by Uroš Seljak and Matias Zaldarriaga, for computing the anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background. It was the first efficient program to do so, reducing the time taken to compute the anisotropy from several days to a few minutes by using a novel semi-analytic line-of-sight approach.
References
The CMBFAST website on LAMBDA NASA project page.
Physical cosmology |
5390669 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotta%20Hedlund | Lotta Hedlund | Charlotte Jean "Lotta" Hedlund (born Charlotte Jean Butler; March 10, 1944, later Charlotte Walker) is an American-Swedish singer who has been living in Sweden since the late 1960s.
Life and career
She started her career in the girl-group Sherrys. The Sherrys toured Sweden with Swedish rock singer Jerry Williams, and after one of the gigs they met up with Hep Stars, Sweden's most successful group of the 1960s. One of the members was Benny Andersson (later of ABBA fame), another was Sven "Svenne" Hedlund – and they later wed. She joined her husband by becoming a member of Hep Stars and later as a singer duo Svenne & Lotta in the 1970s, called "Sven & Charlotte" in certain countries.
Svenne & Lotta competed in the Swedish heats for Eurovision Song Contest, Melodifestivalen, in 1975, with a song penned by the men of ABBA, called "Bang en boomerang", and also recorded the song in English and had a hit in several European countries with "Bang a boomerang". ABBA later covered the song as an album track. Svenne & Lotta went on to become one of the best selling groups of all times in Denmark, and even recorded a single in Danish.
Hedlund and her husband toured Sweden as a duo as well as solo artists until their divorce in 2014, and were considered a cult act.
Discography – commercially available solo records
"Bad Girl" (CD-single, 2007. Recorded in Philadelphia and Stockholm).
See also discographies of Sherrys, Hep Stars, Svenne & Lotta, Sven & Charlotte.
Personal life
Hedlund was married to Swedish singer Svenne Hedlund (Sven Hedlund) from 1969 until they divorced in 2014 after 45 years of marriage.
She and her family live in Sävsjö in Småland in southern Sweden.
References
1944 births
Living people
Swedish women singers
Swedish people of American descent
American expatriates in Sweden
20th-century African-American women singers
Swedish people of African-American descent
American women singers
American emigrants to Sweden
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women |
3997499 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xie%20An | Xie An | Xie An (謝安) (320–385), courtesy name Anshi (安石), formally Duke Wenjing of Luling (廬陵文靖公), also known as Xie dongshan (谢东山, "dongshan" literally 'East mount'), was a Chinese politician of the Eastern Jin dynasty who, despite his lack of military ability and skill, led Jin through a major crisis—attacks by Former Qin. In part due to his actions, his clan - the Xie clan of Chen - became one of the two most honored during the subsequent Southern Dynasties, alongside Wang Dao's Wang clan of Langya, and in the minds of the people no less honored than imperial clans. Xie An is depicted in the Wu Shuang Pu (無雙譜, Table of Peerless Heroes) by Jin Guliang.
Early career
Xie An's father Xie Pou (謝裒) was a minister in the Jin government. When Xie An was a child, he had already impressed the Jin officials Huan Yi (Huan Wen's father), Wang Meng, and Wang Dao with his talent. He later served as a low-level assistant to the chancellor, but he later quit from governmental service and effectively became a hermit, and he repeatedly rejected governmental commissions. However, by popular reputation, the people had great expectations of him.
He taught his children and the children of his siblings literature, philosophy and debate. His favourite niece was Xie Daoyun, who would become famous as a writer and debater. She would later defend him against criticism from Huan Xuan.
It was not, however, until his brother Xie Wan, a governor and a general, was defeated in battle in 359 and reduced to commoner status, that Xie An considered reentering governmental service. He went to see the general Huan Wen, who had been impressed with him previously, and Huan took him in as an assistant. However, he did not share in Huan's plan to take over imperial title. When Emperor Jianwen died in 372, Huan recommended Xie to be one of the key officials in the imperial government, but instead of controlling the imperial government on Huan's behalf, Xie soon joined forces with Wang Tanzhi to deny Huan the official title of regent for Emperor Jianwen's 10-year-old son Emperor Xiaowu, instead inviting Emperor Xiaowu's cousin, Emperor Kang's wife Empress Dowager Chu to serve as regent. Huan therefore resented Xie and Wang.
In 373, when Huan visited the capital, Wang and Xie were sent to welcome him, and there were rumors that Huan was going to execute Xie and Wang and then usurp the throne. Wang was very fearful, while Xie calmly stated, "Our journey will determine whether the empire survives or not." As Huan arrived, he put on a great display of his army, and Wang was so anxious that his clothes were wet from his sweat, and the writing tablet he held in his hand was upside down. Xie, however, was very calm in seating himself, and then persuaded Huan to put away his display of army. After Huan died later that year, Xie came up with a plan to keep Huan's clan satisfied yet weakening them—he divided Huan's military command into three and gave them to Huan's brothers Huan Chong and Huan Huo and nephew Huan Shixiu (桓石秀). The fears of a Huan usurpation dissipated, particularly because Huan Chong was committed to the survival of the imperial government.
In the start of Emperor Xiaowu's reign, Xie shared power with Wang Tanzhi and Wang Biaozhi. However, Wang Tanzhi soon became a military commander and governor, and then died in 375. Xie An became effectively the sole prime minister.
As prime minister
Prior to the Battle of Fei River
As prime minister, Xie tried to show leniency to people, and that was manifested by a number of general pardons that the Jin imperial government declared. He also changed the tax system from based on land ownership to a head tax in 376.
Meanwhile, Jin's rival Former Qin was expanding itself in the north, destroying Former Yan in 370, seizing Jin's Liang (梁州, modern southern Shaanxi) and Yi (益州, modern Sichuan and Chongqing) Provinces in 373, and destroying Dai and the nominal Jin vassal Former Liang in 376. In 378, Former Qin launched attacks on the key Jin cities of Xiangyang, Weixing (魏興, in modern Ankang, Shaanxi), and Pengcheng (彭城, in modern Xuzhou, Jiangsu). While Xie An's nephew, the general Xie Xuan, was able to repel the Former Qin attack on Pengcheng, Xiangyang and Weixing fell in 379, and Jin's position appeared even more desperate. However, it was said that Xie, through his calmness, calmed the hearts of the people. In 383, Huan Chong launched a counterattack to try to recapture Xiangyang, but after some inconclusive battles, Huan withdrew.
The Battle of Fei River
In fall 383, Former Qin's emperor Fu Jiān launched a major attack, hoping to destroy Jin and unite China. Xie sent his younger brother Xie Shi (謝石) to command the forces resisting Former Qin. As Xie Xuan, the advance general under Xie Shi's command, was ready to depart for the frontlines, he sought further instruction from Xie An, who only stated, "I will have additional instructions later." Xie Xuan did not dare to ask anything further. They then went to Xie An's vacation home, where they played Go—a game that Xie Xuan was typically far better than Xie An at, but Xie Xuan, anxious about the coming battle, lost to the far calmer Xie An. Meanwhile, Huan, believing that the capital Jiankang needed additional defenses, sent several thousand elite soldiers to help the capital defense; instead, Xie sent them back to Huan, stating that the capital was already well-guarded and that the troops would be better off defending the western provinces (under Huan's command).
The Former Qin forces quickly captured the important city of Shouyang. However, after the armies stalemated at the Fei River (which no longer exists, but probably flowed through Lu'an, near the Huai River), Former Qin forces, in an effort to try to draw Jin forces across the river, retreated—and then oddly enough panicked and collapsed. When news of the victory arrived at Xie An's headquarters, he was playing Go with a guest, but did not display particular emotion, but only stated, "The kids won a battle." However, his excitement became evident when, after the game, he was going back to his bedroom, and he forgot about the threshold to his bedroom and broke his wooden sandal without realizing it.
After the Battle of Fei River
After the battle, however, Xie's power began to wane. Part of it was that his son-in-law Wang Guobao, a son of Wang Tanzhi, whose behavior Xie disapproved of, began to attack him before both Emperor Xiaowu and his brother Sima Daozi the Prince of Kuaiji, leading to the emperor no longer trusting Xie An as much, although he remained prime minister.
In 384, Huan Chong died, and initially most officials favored having Xie Xuan replace Huan, but Xie An, not wanting his own clan to wield too much power and also apprehensive that the Huan clan may feel slighted, declined, and divided Huan Chong's domain between his nephews Huan Shimin (桓石民) and Huan Shiqian, and another member of the Huan clan, Huan Yi.
Later that year, Xie An requested permission to lead an army north to try to regain territory in light of Former Qin's collapse. However, while Xie Xuan recovered the territory south of the Yellow River, and other generals regained the Liang and Yi Provinces, Xie An himself did not appear to actually carry out a campaign, although he did leave the capital to avoid confrontation with Sima Daozi, who wanted to take over as prime minister. When he grew ill in fall 385, he required permission to return to the capital, and he died soon thereafter. Emperor Xiaowu posthumously created him the Duke of Luling (a greater dukedom than Jianchang, which he was previously the duke of) and buried him with the same honors that Huan Wen was given.
Family
Elder Brothers
Xie Yi (謝奕)
Xie Ju (謝據), died early and his children were adopted by Xie An
Younger Brothers
Xie Wan (謝萬)
Xie Shi (謝石), military commander of Battle of Feishui
Xie Tie (謝鐵)
Elder Cousin
Xie Shang (謝尚)
Wife
Lady Liu, younger sister of Liu Tan (劉惔), disallowed Xie An of having concubines
Sons
Xie Yan (謝琰), second son
Niece
Xie Daoyun (謝道韞), debater, calligrapher and writer
Nephew
Xie Xuan, military commander of Battle of Feishui
See also
Orchid Pavilion Gathering
Notes
Work Referenced
320 births
385 deaths
Chinese chancellors
Jin dynasty (266–420) politicians
Politicians from Shaoxing
Legendary Chinese people |
3997502 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatije%20Midi%C4%87 | Ignatije Midić | Ignatije Midić (Serbian Cyrillic: Игнатије Мидић; born 17 October 1954) is a Serbian Orthodox bishop.
He is professor of dogmatic theology at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Theology, and a well-known contemporary orthodox theologian in Serbia. His theological conceptions are mostly influenced by St. Maxim the Confessor and John Zizioulas. The basic teaching of the Church about person, he develops not only as a separate dogmatic or ecclesiological notion, but rather he puts it in the context of the whole theology. His and John Zizioulas’ positions are well accepted but also discussed and critically reexamined by younger generation of theologians and philosophers in Serbia, especially by Aleksandar Đakovac and Davor Džalto. He became bishop in 1994 having his cathedra in Požarevac. He is the head of diocese of Požarevac and Braničevo.
On 26 June 2018, he was elected dean of the Orthodox Theological Faculty of the University of Belgrade for the period from 2018 to 2021.
Bibliography of published works (in Serbian)
1989. "ESHATOLOŠKA DIMENZIJA CRKVE I NjEN UTICAJ NA HRIŠĆANSKI ŽIVOT", Teološki pogledi 1–2, Beograd 1989. str. 77–91.
1990. "PRAVOSLAVNA ANTROPOLOGIJA I SAVREMENI EGZISTENCIJALIZAM", Bogoslovlje, Beograd 1990, str. 33–47.
1991. "KRATKO RAZMIŠLjANjE O KOSOVSKOM ZAVETU I KONTEKSTU DANAŠNjIH ZBIVANjA U SRBIJI", Bogoslovlje, Beograd 1991, str. 65–67.
1994. "ZAJEDNICA U LjUBAVI", Istočnik 10, 1994, str. 127–129.
1995. "CRKVA I NjEN IDENTITET", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 13–28.
1995. "PRAVOSLAVNA DUHOVNOST DANAS", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 29–40.
1995. "OD BOGA KAO VIŠE SILE DO BOGA KAO LIČNOSTI", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 41–66.
1995. "OVAPLOĆENjE I SPASITELj U HRIŠĆANSKOM UČENjU", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 67–83.
1995. "PRAVOSLAVLjE KAO LEK PROTIV SMRTI", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 84–102.
1995. "OD SLOBODE KAO BUNTA DO SLOBODE KAO BIĆA", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 103–123.
1995. "KRATAK OSVRT POVODOM IZLOŽBE IKONA SAVREMENIH SRPSKIH IKONOPISACA", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 124–134.
1995. "SAVREMENI SVET I PRAVOSLAVNA CRKVA", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 135–148.
1995. "SUDBINA, GREH I SLOBODA", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 149–157.
1995. "O IZVORU I SUŠTINI PRAVOSLAVNOG MONAŠTVA", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 158–170.
1995. "IZMEĐU MORALIZMA I NACIONALIZMA", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 171–176.
1995. "KRATAK OSVRT NA TEOLOGIJU SV. MAKSIMA ISPOVEDNIKA", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 177–183.
1995. "TUMAČENjE XIV BESEDE SV. GRIGORIJA BOGOSLOVA", Sećanje na budućnost, Beograd 1995, str. 184–215.
1995. "O SABORNOSTI CRKVE", Sabornost 1, Požarevac 1995.
1995. "O VASKRSENjU HRISTOVOM", Sabornost 2, Požarevac 1995.
1995. "LITURGIJOM SE GRADI CARSTVO BOŽIJE", Sabornost 3–4, Požarevac 1995.
1996. "POMIRENjE – SOCIJALNO-POLITIČKE DIMENZIJE", Sabornost 1, Požarevac 1996.
1996. "ODNOS SVETA I ČOVEKA SA BOGOM", Sabornost 2–3, Požarevac 1996.
1996. "O (NE)POZNANjU BOGA", Sabornost 4, Požarevac 1996. (Otačnik br 1)
1997. "ESHATON KAO UZROK POSTOJANjU CRKVE", Sabornost 1–2, Požarevac 1997.
1997. "ČOVEK KAO IKONA I PODOBIJE BOŽIJE", Sabornost 3–4, Požarevac 1997.
1998. "TEOLOŠKA OSNOVA CRKVENOG SLIKARSTVA", Sabornost 1–2, Požarevac 1998.
1998. "STRADANjE KAO IZAZOV LjUDSKOJ SLOBODI", Sabornost 3–4, Požarevac 1998.
2000. "DUH SVETI I JEDINSTVO CRKVE", Sabornost 1–2, Požarevac 2000.
2000. "CILj VERONAUKE JE DA LjUDI UĐU U CRKVU", Sabornost 3–4, Požarevac 2000.
2000. "ODNOS CRKVE I CARSTVA BOŽIJEG", Sabornost 3–4, Požarevac 2000.
2001. "ISTINA SVETA I HRIŠĆANSKO OTKRIVENjE", Sabornost 1–4, Požarevac 2001.
2001. "REČ O MOLITVI", Predgovor molitveniku, Pravoslavni molitvenik, Požarevac, 2001.
2001. "CRKVENI SLOVAR", Udžbenik za 1. razred OŠ, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 2001.
2002. "PRAVOSLAVNI KATIHIZIS", Udžbenik za 1. i 2. razred srednjih škola, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 2002.
2003. "ONTOLOGIJA I ETIKA U SVETLU HRISTOLOGIJE SVETOG MAKSIMA", Sabornost 1–4, Požarevac 2003.
2003. "SVETOST U LITURGIJSKOM SHVATANjU"
2003. "PRAVOSLAVNI KATIHIZIS" Priručnik za nastavnike osnovnih i srednjih škola, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 2003.
2003. "PRAVOSLAVNI KATIHIZIS", Udžbenik za 2. razred OŠ, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 2003.
2004. "PRAVOSLAVNI KATIHIZIS", Udžbenik za 3. razred OŠ, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 2004.
2004. "PRAVOSLAVNI KATIHIZIS", Udžbenik za 4. razred OŠ, Zavod za udžbenike i nastavna sredstva, Beograd, 2004.
References
External links
verujem.org (Serbian)
1954 births
Living people
People from Niš
Bishops of the Serbian Orthodox Church
Serbian theologians
Eastern Orthodox theologians
University of Belgrade faculty |
5390675 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U%20Can%20Never%20B2%20Straight | U Can Never B2 Straight | U Can Never B2 Straight is a 2002 album by Boy George. The album includes acoustic songs from George's London play Taboo, new and previously unreleased songs, as well as selected songs taken from his albums Cheapness and Beauty and The Martyr Mantras, the latter from when George was part of the band Jesus Loves You.
Album overview
The album includes 16 songs (8 previously unreleased), each dedicated to someone in particular or in general. Three songs are dedicated to George's ex-boyfriend Michael Dunne ("If I Could Fly", "Losing Control" and "The Deal"), whereas "Unfinished Business" is for Kirk Brandon (who took George to court for this song, but lost).
The hidden track "Out of Fashion" was taken out as a single in remixed form as a collaboration with dance duo Hi-Gate; a version of the song is also featured on the Taboo musical soundtrack. Another track which was released as video-only was the opener "Ich Bin Kunst", a song dealing with the late performance artist Leigh Bowery, a great friend of George's, whose character he took on in his musical. (George would re-record the song again as Bowery in a more campy and rock-style arrangement for the 2004 Broadway cast recording of the musical.)
U Can Never B2 Straight includes all the acoustic ballads originally on George's 1995 album Cheapness and Beauty, including the single "Il Adore", as well as "Same Thing in Reverse" (a different version from the dance remix which reached No. 1 on the US Billboard Dance Chart). "Same Thing in Reverse" is dedicated in the booklet credits to 'Eminem and all scared, pretty homosexuals'... The song "Julian", a new song, is also featured on the EP Straight, a CD which was included with George's 2005 autobiography of the same name.
The album also contains the following three tracks: "She Was Never He", taken from the 1999 fan-requested compilation The Unrecoupable One Man Bandit; "Fat Cat", originally on Culture Club's 1999 reunion album Don't Mind If I Do, and the popular Krishna-inspired "Bow Down Mister", which gave George one of his last UK chart successes after splitting from Culture Club.
Reviews
AllMusic gave the album 4.5 stars out of 5. It also got four stars from Q magazine.
Track listing
"Ich Bin Kunst" (2002) (song from the musical Taboo) – 2:38 (Boy George, Kevan Frost)
"St. Christopher" (2002) (new song) – 3:46 (Boy George, Kevan Frost)
"She Was Never He" (1996) (unreleased mixed version) – 3:33 (Boy George, John Themis)
"Cheapness & Beauty" (1995) (acoustic version taken from the "Il Adore" single) – 3:47 (Boy George, John Themis)
"Fat Cat" (1999) (acoustic version) – 3:24 (Boy George, Emily Themis)
"If I Could Fly" (1995) (taken from Cheapness and Beauty) – 4:08 (Boy George, John Themis)
"Unfinished Business" (1995) (taken from Cheapness and Beauty) – 3:36 (Boy George, John Themis)
"Julian" (2002) (new song) – 3:39 (Boy George, Kevan Frost)
"Wrong" (2002) (new song originally in Taboo) – 4:07 (Boy George, Kevan Frost)
"Letter to a School Friend" (1996) (unreleased) – 3:49 (Boy George, John Themis)
"The Deal" (2002) (old live favourite performed circa 1991–93) – 4:41 (Boy George, John Themis)
"Losing Control" (1992–2002) (unreleased version adapted from a 1992 Jesus Loves You country demo) – 3:15 (Boy George, John Themis)
"Same Thing in Reverse" (1995) (from Cheapness and Beauty) – 3:35 (Boy George, John Themis)
"Il Adore" (1995) (from Cheapness and Beauty) – 6:14 (Boy George, John Themis)
"Bow Down Mister" (1991) (from Jesus Loves You's The Martyr Mantras) (Boy George) - 6:30
"Out of Fashion" (2002) (acoustic version of a song from Taboo) – hidden bonus track - 6:30 (begins after 28 seconds of silence, following "Bow Down Mister")
Personnel
Ich Bin Kunst
dedicated to Leigh Bowery, Nicola and Christine Bateman
Boy George: co-production
Kevan Frost: keyboards, drum programming & brass arrangements; mix at Frosty Bros. Studio (Kev's flat); co-production
Ben Castle: saxophone & brass arrangements
Raul D'Olivera: trumpet
Mike Innes: trombone
St. Christopher
dedicated to Chris Manning
Boy George: co-production
Kevan Frost: backing vocals, acoustic guitar & brass arrangements; mix at Frosty Bros. Studio (Kev's flat); co-production
Ben Castle: saxophone & brass arrangements
Raul D'Olivera: trumpet
Mike Innes: trombone
Sharleen Hector: backing vocals
She Was Never He
dedicated to Natasha and Jody
Boy George: co-production
John Themis: guitars, backing vocals, co-production; mix at Mayfair Studios
Kevan Frost: backing vocals
Alan Branch: engineer
Cheapness & Beauty
dedicated to all tattooed car thieves – dedicated to Jon Moss
Jessica Corcoran: production
John Themis: guitars, backing vocals, strip & remix
Zee Asha: backing vocals
Alan Branch: engineer
Fat Cat
dedicated to all sexually confused straight boys?
John Themis: guitars, production; mix at home
Emily Themis, Katherine Themis: backing vocals
If I Could Fly
dedicated to Michael Dunne
Jessica Corcoran: production
John Themis: guitars & string arrangements; mix at Abbey Road Studios
Nick Ingman: string arrangements
London Chamber Orchestra: strings
Unfinished Business
dedicated to Kirk Brandon
Jessica Corcoran: production & mix
John Themis: guitars, string arrangements & mix
Julian
dedicated to Julian
Boy George: co-production
Kevan Frost: acoustic guitar, backing vocals and co-production; mix at Frosty Bros. Studio (Kev's flat)
Wrong
dedicated to Luke and all dreamers
Boy George: co-production
Kevan Frost: acoustic guitar, bass guitar, backing vocals and co-production; mix at Frosty Bros. Studio (Kev's flat)
Pete Adams: piano & Hammond
Liz Chi: Chinese violin "edu" solo
Joel Pott, Sharleen Hector, John Gibbons: backing vocals
Letter To A School Friend
dedicated to Miss Carter and Michael Crome
John Themis: guitars, production; mix at Mayfair Studios
Zee Asha, Linda Duggan, Mary Pearse: backing vocals
Richie Stevens: drums
Winston Blisset: bass
Peter Adams: keyboards
Alan Branch: engineer
The Deal
dedicated to Michael Dunne
Boy George: co-production
Kevan Frost: acoustic guitar, keyboards, backing vocals and co-production; mix at Frosty Bros. Studio (Kev's flat)
Liz Chi: violins & violin solo
Sarah Chi: violins
Sharleen Hector, John Gibbons: backing vocals
Losing Control
dedicated to Michael Dunne
John Themis: guitars, keyboards, bass, backing vocals, production & mix
Sugar Hajishakalli: bouzouki
Andy Kyriacou: drums
Jimmy "Mixologist" Sarikas: engineer
Same Thing In Reverse
dedicated to Eminem and all scared, pretty homosexuals
John Themis: guitars, backing vocals
Zee Asha: backing vocals
Jessica Corcoran: production & mix
Il Adore
dedicated to Stevie Hughes and all the lost boys
Jessica Corcoran: production
John Themis: guitars, string arrangements; mix at Abbey Road Studios
Nick Ingram: string arrangements
London Chamber Orchestra: strings
Christopher Warren Green: violin solo
Bow Down Mister
dedicated to Lord Krishna and John Richardson & family
Bruce Forest: production
Soho Krishna Temple, London Gospel Choir & Basil: special thanks
References
2002 albums
Boy George albums
Virgin Records albums |
5390685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawrence%20Hargrave%20Drive | Lawrence Hargrave Drive | Lawrence Hargrave Drive, part of the Grand Pacific Drive, is a scenic coastal road and popular tourist drive connecting the northernmost suburbs of Wollongong, New South Wales, Australia, to Wollongong, in the south, and Sydney, in the north. The road was originally constructed in the 1870s.
Route
The road begins at the Old Princes Highway, Helensburgh (Princes Motorway exit) and passes through Stanwell Tops to descend the steep Illawarra Escarpment at Bald Hill, the site of a spectacular lookout and hang gliding area. The road then passes south through Stanwell Park and Coalcliff to cross the Sea Cliff Bridge and adjoining Lawrence Hargrave Drive Bridge. Together, the Sea Cliff Bridge and Lawrence Hargrave Drive Bridge construction were completed in December 2005, replacing the former cliff-hugging route which was prone to rockfalls and consequent closures. Remnants of the former road can still be seen to this day, including some of the guard rail and most of the road section which is now overgrown with trees and ridden with boulders and rocks that have fallen freely since the roads closure, essentially acting as a ditch.
The road then winds its way through the coastal villages of Clifton, Scarborough, Wombarra, Coledale, Austinmer and finally Thirroul where it meets the Princes Highway at the bottom of Bulli Pass. The road was formerly known as Lower Coast Road until 1947 when it was renamed after Lawrence Hargrave, an Australian aviation pioneer and explorer who had a house at Stanwell Park and flew his devices from Bald Hill.
See also
Bald Hill
Bulli Pass
Grand Pacific Drive
Illawarra escarpment
References
External links
Roads in New South Wales
Tourist attractions in Wollongong
Scenic routes in Australia
Sutherland Shire
1870s establishments in Australia |
3997504 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz%20Hofer | Franz Hofer | Franz Hofer (November 27, 1902 – February 18, 1975) was, in the time of the Third Reich, the Nazi Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg. As the Nazi party chief for the Tirol/Vorarlberg province he was the most powerful figure in the region. As the area's supreme Nazi, Hofer dealt directly with Hitler or with the Führer's deputy, Martin Bormann. Hofer was not only the party chief but the Reichskommissar in charge of the Tirol-Vorarlberg defences. His region embraced much of the suspected National Redoubt. Indeed, Hofer might well be considered the father of the Redoubt.
Early career
Born to a Bad Hofgastein hotelkeeper, Hofer went to the Volksschule-Realschule in Innsbruck and in 1922 began a career as a freelance salesman. In September 1931, he joined the Nazi Party. He very quickly rose in the Party, becoming Kreisleiter (County Leader) in Innsbruck on April 1, 1932, and on July 1, Deputy Gauleiter of the Tyrol. Only four months later, on November 27, 1932 – Hofer's thirtieth birthday – he was promoted to Gauleiter of the Tyrol.
For his activities in the Nazi Party, which was banned in Austria, Hofer was arrested in June 1933 and sentenced for treason by a Tyrolean court to 30 months in prison. On August 30, 1933, 4 armed SA men broke into Hofer's prison cell by force and freed him. He fled the prison amid gunfire, which wounded him in the knee. He made it to Italy, and only a few weeks later gave a speech at the Nuremberg Party Congress from his stretcher. In early 1937, having recovered from his gunshot wounds, Hofer became leader of the "Leaders' and Members' Political Gathering Place for Austrians in Germany", with a job in Berlin.
Anschluss and war years
After the Anschluss of March 1938, he was elected to the Reichstag on April 10. Then on May 25, he was appointed the Gauleiter of the Tyrol and Vorarlberg. At the same time, he was made Landeshauptmann of Tyrol (though not of Vorarlberg). On November 9, 1939 he was promoted to the rank of NSKK-Obergruppenführer. On September 1, 1940 he was appointed the Reichsstatthalter (Reich Governor) of the Reichsgau of Tyrol-Vorarlberg. He thus united under his control the highest party and governmental offices in his jurisdiction. On November 16, 1942, he was appointed the Reich Defense Commissioner for his Reichsgau.
After the Italian Armistice with the Allies Hofer was chosen on September 10, 1943 to be the Supreme Commissioner (Oberster Kommissar) of the newly established Operation Zone of the Alpine Foothills, consisting of the neighbouring Italian provinces of Belluno, South Tyrol and Trentino joined to his own Reichsgau of Tyrol-Vorarlberg.
Gauleiter Hofer was an accomplished marksman who often competed in regional and national shooting matches. In 1944 Hofer won a shooting competition in the city of Bolzano, qualifying him for the national competition which was held in Innsbruck that year. Using a specially crafted 22 cal Mauser rifle (serial #300354) Hofer finished 7th.
In November 1944, Hofer suggested in a memorandum to Adolf Hitler that an "Alpenfestung" ("Alpine Fortress") ought to be built up in the heart of the Alps as Nazi Germany's last bastion. Apparently Hitler's secretary Martin Bormann only brought this document to the Führer's attention early the next year. Hofer had a personal audience with Hitler in late January 1945. 'Hofer reminded the German leader that the Allies dreaded the thought of continued fighting from an Alpenfestung. Considering the fact that the Ardennes Offensive had failed, Hitler was receptive to such an idea. The German leader authorized preparations to fortify the Alps.' Hofer and his team actually started work on this in mid-February. Hofer was called to Hitler's Berlin bunker again on April 12, 1945 to discuss further his proposal. Hitler – 18 days before his own suicide and still convinced that his Endsieg was possible – again approved Hofer's ongoing plan and appointed him Reich Defence Commissioner of the Alpenfestung.
Postwar years
On May 3, 1945 Hofer surrendered Innsbruck to American troops. This surrender was achieved by OSS agent Frederick Mayer.
It was not long before Hofer's freedom was curtailed. On May 6, 1945, he was arrested by the United States Army in Hall in Tirol and held in an internment camp. In October 1948, he managed to flee to Germany, where he continued his former trade as a salesman in Mülheim, first under an assumed name and then under his true name.
In June 1949, Hofer was tried in absentia and convicted of high treason by the People's Court in Innsbruck and was sentenced to death. Meanwhile in Germany, he was classified as a "major offender", tried by the High Court of Justice in Munich and sentenced to ten years in a labor camp in June 1949. In August 1952, he was re-tried in Munich and sentenced to 3 years and 5 months in labor prison, with credit for time already served. This sentence was upheld on appeal in July 1953. When interviewed by the press during this time, Hofer was unrepentant and declared an ongoing and fervent belief in Nazism.
In 1964, a lawsuit brought by Hofer's children for the return of ownership of the Lachhof bei Hall where their father had lived while he was the Gauleiter, was dismissed by an Austrian court.
Hofer spent his later years in Mülheim an der Ruhr with his wife and seven children, continued his former trade as a salesman and died a natural death on February 18, 1975, under his real name.
References
External links
1902 births
1975 deaths
People from St. Johann im Pongau District
Austrian escapees
Escapees from Austrian detention
Austrian Nazis convicted of war crimes
Nazi Party politicians
Gauleiters
National Socialist Motor Corps members
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
Nazis sentenced to death in absentia
German prisoners of war in World War II held by the United States
Escapees from United States military detention
Prisoners and detainees of Germany
Governors of Tyrol |
5390692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geonet | Geonet | Geonet may refer to:
Geosynthetic, products used to solve civil engineering problems
GEOnet Names Server, a database of place names used outside of the United States
GeoNet, an early international on-line services network
GeoNet, a geological hazards monitoring service in New Zealand run by GNS Science |
5390702 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geocomposite | Geocomposite | Geocomposite is a composition / combination of two or more geosynthetic materials to perform multiple number of geosynthetic functions for specific civil engineering application(s) the purpose of providing this composition is to minimize the application costs whereas the technical properties of the soil or the geotechnical structure are enhanced.
There are five basic functions that can be provided: separation, reinforcement, filtration, drainage, and containment.
Geotextile-geonet composites
When a geotextile is used on one or both sides of a geonet, the separation and filtration functions are always satisfied, but the drainage function is vastly improved in comparison to geotextiles by themselves. Such geocomposites are regularly used in intercepting and conveying leachate in landfill liner and cover systems and for conducting vapor or water beneath pond liners of various types. These drainage geocomposites also make excellent drains to intercept water in a capillary zone where frost heave or salt migration is a problem. In all cases, the liquid enters through the geotextile and then travels horizontally within the geonet to a suitable exit.
Geotextile-geomembrane composites
Geotextiles can be laminated on one or both sides of a geomembrane for a number of purposes. The geotextiles provide increased resistance to puncture, tear propagation, and friction related to sliding, as well as providing tensile strength in and of themselves. Quite often, however, the geotextiles are of the nonwoven, needle-punched variety and are of relatively heavy weight. In such cases the geotextile component acts as a drainage media, since its in-plane transmissivity feature can conduct water, leachate or gases away from direct contact with the geomembrane.
Geomembrane-geogrid composites
Since some types of geomembranes and geogrids can be made from the same material (e.g., high-density polyethylene), they can be bonded together to form an impervious membrane barrier with enhanced strength and friction capabilities.
Geotextile-geogrid composites
A needle punched nonwoven geotextile bonded to a geogrid provides in-plane drainage while the geogrid provides tensile reinforcement. Such geotextile-geogrid composites are used for internal drainage of low-permeability backfill soils for reinforced walls and slopes. The synergistic properties of each component enhances the behavior of the final product.
Geotextile-polymer core composites
A core in the form of a quasi-rigid plastic sheet, it can be extruded or deformed in such a way as to allow very large quantities of liquid to flow within its structure; it thus acts as a drainage core. The core must be protected by a geotextile, acting as a filter and separator, on one or both sides. Various systems are available, each focused on a particular application. The first is known as wick drains in the U.S. and prefabricated vertical drains, PVDs, in Europe. The 100 mm wide by 5 mm thick polymer cores are often fluted for ease of conducting water. A geotextile acting as a filter and separator is socked around the core. The emergence of such wick drains, or PVDs, has all but eliminated traditional sand drains as a rapid means of consolidating fine-grained saturated cohesive soils.
The second type is in the form of drainage panels, the rigid polymer core being nubbed, columned, dimpled or a three-dimensional net. With a geotextile on one side it makes an excellent drain on the backfilled side of retaining walls, basement walls and plaza decks. The cores are sometimes vacuum formed dimples or stiff 3-D meshes. As with wick drains, the geotextile is the filter/separator and the thick polymer core is the drain. Many systems of this type are available, the latest addition having a thin pliable geomembrane on the side facing the wall and functioning as a vapor barrier.
The third type within this area of drainage geocomposites is the category of prefabricated edge drains. These materials, typically 500 mm high by 20 to 30 mm wide are placed adjacent to a highway pavement, airfield pavement, or railroad right-of-way, for lateral drainage out of and away from the pavement section. The systems are very rapid in their installation and extremely cost effective.
References
Geosynthetics |
3997515 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MicroMUSE | MicroMUSE | This article refers to the text-based online role-playing game. Micromuse was also formerly used as the name of a company which was acquired by IBM in 2005.
MicroMUSE is a MUD started in 1990. It is based on the TinyMUSE system, which allows members to interact in a virtual environment called Cyberion City, as well as to create objects and modify their environment. MicroMUSE was conceived as an environment to allow people in far-flung locations to interact with each other, particularly college students with Internet access. A core group of users remain active today.
History
1990
MicroMUSE was founded as MicroMUSH by the user known as "Jin" in the summer of 1990. Based upon TinyMUSH, MicroMUSH was centered around Cyberion City, a space station orbiting earth of the 24th century. The initial MicroMUSH database was largely due to the efforts of Jin and the Wizards who went by the online aliases "Trout_Complex", "Coyote", "Opera_Ghost", "Snooze", "Wai", "Star" and "Mama.Bear". Larry "Leet" Foard and "Bard" (later known as "Michael") were, along with Jin, the primary programmers.
The focus, at the time, primarily was communication and creativity. Users were encouraged to build "objects" and were given extensive leeway to create and communicate with other members. At times, it could be compared to a high-tech version of the wild west.
1991
Typical problems of growth and success, over time, led to issues with computing resources. In April 1991, MicroMUSH moved to MIT. The name was officially changed to MicroMUSE during this same time period.
1992
Through 1992, the focus of MicroMUSE continued to change, though not very noticeably to existing users. New users were given a smaller "quota" of object which they could build. The game was extremely popular at this point. One could log in at almost any time of day, and find at least thirty active people.
1993
By the end of 1993, the space engine, which had been developed within the original theme of MicroMUSE, was moved out of MicroMUSE. The focus was shifting; it became less about creativity and communication between random people across the internet, and more about bringing in primary-school children. The "quota" of objects was reduced, for all players, from as much as 100, down to 10 "objects". The game became more-heavily censored, as some of the leadership began to push a K-12-friendly environment throughout the game. Long-time users who did not like the change, and spoke out against it, were often banned from the game altogether.
1994
By the end of 1994, any semblance of what MicroMUSE had been was almost gone. A charter and bylaws were created, which officially changed the focus of MicroMUSE. The second developer had left the project, and Frnkzk became the head developer of MicroMUSE. The guidance of a "mentor" was required for anyone not pre-screened by the administration. By this point, the focus was solely education.
post-1994
The changes in focus and game policies, along with changing technology, caused a gradual decline in the number of core members using MicroMUSE.
Counter-Movement
As the game changed drastically, in 1993 and 1994, very disorganized counter-movement began. There was no leader, and there were varying tactics.
Attacks on MicroMUSE
There were attacks on MicroMUSE, which would cause it to crash, by exploiting poorly written routines. Generally, these would either cause a buffer-overflow, or would cause an infinite loop. The attacks were usually carried out by users who had been removed from the game for violating the new policies that had gone into effect after they began playing.
MicroMUSE was using a highly customized version of TinyMUSE version 1.7b4. Many of these problems were fixed in version 1.8a4, and in later versions, but MicroMUSE suffered difficulty back-porting these changes into their version of the game.
With the eventual creation of new worlds using TinyMUSE, the attacks on MicroMUSE gradually ceased.
Alternative MUSE installations
Alternative TinyMUSE installations began to appear, based on the released version 1.8a4, which led to an argument over who "owned" TinyMUSE. At least one MicroMUSE administrator had fought against allowing other sites to use TinyMUSE as their codebase, and a small power-struggle took place between that administrator (Moulton) and the second primary developer (), who had taken over from the original primary developer (Jin). The dispute was finally settled, and the newer TinyMUSE version 1.8a4 was released to the public.
By the end of 1993, computer power was becoming much cheaper. One of the first alternatives, for instance, was run on an AMD 486/dx4-120, "over-clocked" to 160Mhz, with four megabytes of RAM.
Responsibility for the official development of TinyMUSE was never handed back to MicroMUSE.
Today
Today's version of MicroMUSE Cyberion's residents are scholars who lived in a unique community dedicated to learning, teaching, and the preservation of knowledge. Dr. Barry Kort was instrumental in setting up MicroMUSE in its modern form, with assistance from Kevin Kane ("Frnkzk").
MicroMUSE / MuseNet received the 1996 National Information Infrastructure NII Award for pioneering innovations in Children's Education via the Internet.
The MicroMUSE Charter and Bylaws (1994) define the history, goals and purposes of MicroMUSE.
References
External links
MicroMUSE itself (Telnet)
The MuseNet Site
The MicroMUSE Charter Updated 11 November 1994
The MicroMUSE Bylaws Updated 11 November 1994
Wired Magazine story about MicroMuse
Bring A Candle, Not a Sparkler
Aeon Magazine article about MicroMuse
Distance education
Educational MUDs
MU* games
Programming games
Virtual world communities |
5390714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Stenger | William Stenger | William Shearer Stenger (February 13, 1840 – March 29, 1918) was an American Democratic Party politician.
William S. Stenger was born in Fort Loudon, Franklin County, Pennsylvania. He graduated from Franklin & Marshall College in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, Class of 1858, where he was a Charter Member of the Zeta Chapter of the Chi Phi Fraternity. He studied law, was admitted to the bar in 1860 and commenced practice in Chambersburg, Pennsylvania. He served as executive director of the Philadelphia Record. He was district attorney of Franklin County from 1862 to 1871.
Stenger was elected as a Democrat to the Forty-fourth and Forty-fifth Congresses. He was an unsuccessful candidate for reelection in 1878. He served as Secretary of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania from 1883 to 1887.
He died in Philadelphia, Philadelphia County, Pennsylvania.
Interment at Falling Spring Presbyterian Church Cemetery, Chambersburg, Pennsylvania.
Sources
The Political Graveyard
External links
1840 births
1918 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania lawyers
Politicians from Philadelphia
Franklin & Marshall College alumni
People from Chambersburg, Pennsylvania
Secretaries of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania
Pennsylvania Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American lawyers |
3997525 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Berg | Michael Berg | Michael Berg (born March 3, 1945) is an American activist and politician who was a candidate for the United States House of Representatives in the State of Delaware on the Green Party ticket in the 2006 midterm elections. He is most well known as the father of Nick Berg, one of the first American civilians to be abducted and beheaded by insurgents in Iraq.
Early life
Michael Berg was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. Berg accepted a Bachelor of Arts degree in English literature and a teaching certificate at Bucknell University in 1967, and a master’s degree in education from Temple University in 1969.
Berg, a longtime antiwar activist, was involved in the protests against the Vietnam War beginning in 1965. According to his website, "In 1991, when the United States invaded Iraq in the Gulf War, Berg intensified his protest activities despite reprimands from his school's administrator. He has protested the Bush administration's invasion of Iraq as well, organizing local marches, protests, and vigils and traveling to Washington, D.C."
Son's death
Berg's son Nick, a telecommunications contractor, was detained in Iraq for 13 days in March 2004 by U.S. military and the Federal Bureau of Investigation. After his release and after refusals to return to the States with help from U.S. government, and in the aftermath of the Abu Ghraib revelations , Nick was abducted and murdered by Islamic militants on May 7, 2004. A video of his decapitation was posted on the internet, leading to international media coverage of Michael Berg, his family, and his antiwar stance.
Berg has blamed former U.S. President George W. Bush and former U.S. Defense Secretary Donald H. Rumsfeld for his son's death.
Political career
In August 2004 Michael Berg was presented with the Courageous Resister Award at New York University. A year later he received the Adele Dwyer St. Thomas of Villanova Peace Award.
In 2005 Berg moved from Chester County, Pennsylvania, to Wilmington, Delaware, where he registered as a member of the Green Party. According to Democracy Now!, he said he was approached by representatives of the Democratic Party but would run with the Green Party because: "the Democrats have the money to get the message out, but they have the wrong message."
In the 2006 race for Delaware's at-large congressional district seat in the United States House of Representatives, Berg ran as the Green Party candidate. He challenged incumbent Michael N. Castle of the Republican Party, along with Dennis Spivack of the Democratic Party, and Karen M. Hartley-Nagle of the Independent Party. Castle was reelected with 57 percent of the total vote. According to his campaign website, Berg received 4,463 votes or 1.8 percent of the total vote.
A documentary was filmed focusing on Berg's campaign titled Keeping the Peace. It premiered at the Philadelphia Independent Film Festival in 2009 and won the Audience Award.
See also
2006 Delaware congressional election
Notes
External links
Berg for Congress
1945 births
Living people
Activists from Philadelphia
American anti–Vietnam War activists
American anti-war activists
American pacifists
Jewish pacifists
Jewish American people in Delaware politics
Jewish American activists
Bucknell University alumni
Delaware Greens
Temple University alumni
Candidates in the 2006 United States elections
21st-century American politicians
21st-century American Jews |
5390721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radial%20tuberosity | Radial tuberosity | Beneath the neck of the radius, on the medial side, is an eminence, the radial tuberosity; its surface is divided into:
a posterior, rough portion, for the insertion of the tendon of the biceps brachii.
an anterior, smooth portion, on which a bursa is interposed between the tendon and the bone.
Ligaments that support the elbow joint also attach to the radial tuberosity.
References
External links
()
Additional images
Radius (bone) |
3997538 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gail%20Caldwell | Gail Caldwell | Gail Caldwell (born January 20, 1951) is an American critic and author. She was the chief book critic for The Boston Globe, where she was on staff from 1985 to 2009. Caldwell was the winner of the 2001 Pulitzer Prize for Criticism. The award was for eight Sunday reviews and two other columns written in 2000. According to the Pulitzer Prize board, those columns were noted for “her insightful observations on contemporary life and literature.”
Caldwell was born and raised in Amarillo, Texas. After graduating from Tascosa High School, she attended Texas Tech University for a while but transferred to University of Texas at Austin and obtained two degrees in American studies. She was an instructor at the University of Texas until 1981. Before joining The Boston Globe, Caldwell taught feature writing at Boston University, worked as the arts editor of the Boston Review and wrote for the publications New England Monthly and Village Voice.
She lives in Cambridge, Massachusetts and wrote the 2006 memoir, A Strong West Wind : A Memoir and the 2010 Let's Take the Long Way Home, a memoir of her friendship with author Caroline Knapp. Caldwell published a third memoir in 2014, New Life, No Instructions, about her childhood bout with polio.
References
External links
Birnbaum v. Gail Caldwell, an interview with The Morning News.
1951 births
Living people
Boston University faculty
American literary critics
Women literary critics
Writers from Cambridge, Massachusetts
People from Amarillo, Texas
Pulitzer Prize for Criticism winners
The Boston Globe people
Journalists from Texas
Writers from Texas
University of Texas at Austin College of Liberal Arts alumni
American women journalists
American women academics
21st-century American women
American women critics |
3997544 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grace%20Dieu | Grace Dieu | Grace Dieu can refer to:
Grace Dieu (ship), an English fifteenth century ship
Grace Dieu Abbey, Augustinian abbey, County Dublin
Grace Dieu Abbey, Monmouth in Monmouthshire, Wales
Grace-Dieu, Leicestershire place
Grace Dieu Priory, Augustinian abbey at Grace Dieu, Leicestershire
Grace Dieu Manor School, a former preparatory school in Leicestershire
Grace Dieu Manor, nineteenth century Grade II* country house
Grâce à Dieu, also known as By the Grace of God, a 2019 French film by François Ozon
See also
Henry Grace à Dieu, a Tudor-era warship |
5390724 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Keeping%20Place | The Keeping Place | The Keeping Place is a science fiction novel by Australian writer Isobelle Carmody, set in a post-apocalyptic world. It is the fourth book in the Obernewtyn Chronicles.
Synopsis
After a kidnapping, the Misfit community at Obernewtyn are forced to join the rebellion against the totalitarian Council, using their extraordinary mental abilities. Yet Elspeth must also seek out clues left by a long-dead seer, Kasanda, necessary to her quest to destroy the Beforetime weaponmachines. When one is hidden in the past, Elspeth must travel the Dreamtrails, stalked by a terrifying beast, with Maruman, her cat, as guide and protector. Only now can she learn more of the Beforetime Misfits and their enemy, Govamen, and realise her quest is intimately linked with the Misfit's Obernewtyn - its past and its future.
Plot
The Misfits at Obernewtyn are all experiencing dreams and nightmares in which they are terrorized by a dragon, Dragon's form on the Dreamtrails. Dragon herself remains in a comatose state and is unable to be reached mentally by the healers. Her strong aura causes all around her in Obernewtyn to experience nightmares.
Rushton, Master of Obernewtyn and Elspeth's betrothed, is kidnapped while returning from a meeting with the rebels in Sutrium. The Misfits receive a letter disclosing that Rushton will lose his life if the Misfits do not join the rebellion. They immediately believe that a rebel has kidnapped their Master as Rushton had refused letting the Misfits join the rebellion.
With Rushton missing, and under Elspeth's command, the Misfits join the rebellion, offering limited aid. However, they are betrayed by the Misfit-hating rebel, Malik in a decoy scheme involving soldierguards, leading to significant loss of life for beasts, Misfits and soldierguards alike. This bloodshed would have been greater if it weren't for Swallow, a pureblood gypsy recently appointed as D'rekta, 'King' of the Twentyfamily gypsies.
On the east coast of the land, the rebellion is successful without trouble from the Landfolk. The west coast, however, remains occupied by the Council after a traitor spreads news of the rebellion to the Herder Faction. The Misfits had not been able to identify the traitor, most likely because he or she wore a demon band, a tainted band made by the Herders to ward off evil that also blocks Misfits' mental probes.
While freeing prisoners in one of the abandoned Herder cloisters in Sutrium, the Misfits find Rushton. While not physically harmed, he is heavily drugged and suffering from delirium and convulsions.
After returning to Obernewtyn with the unconscious Rushton, Elspeth travels to the City under Tor to witness for herself the discovery of a glass monument made by Cassy, a Beforetimer, who Elspeth had encountered in multiple dreams. The glass monument is of Elspeth herself, who believes that Cassy must have had futuretelling abilities.
Elspeth later returns to Obernewtyn to find herself summoned onto the Dreamtrails by the oldOnes. Elspeth enters Dragon's mind, with Maruman, having been told by the latter that they would find Rushton there. Elspeth learns about Dragon's fateful past, and realizes that the cause of her delirium lies in the loss of her beloved Mother, the Red Queen. Inside Dragon's mind, Elspeth encounters and saves Rushton, who is in the form of a wounded bear.
After she leaves Dragon's mind, Dragon is awakened from her coma but has no recollection of her life at Obernewtyn. Rushton recovers from his soul-less state, buy his recovery will be lengthy. Elspeth now knows that she must continue her quest for the five signs left for her by the Beforetimer, Kasanda.
Publication history
Single Book Publications:
Combined Volumes:
References
External links
1999 Australian novels
1999 science fiction novels
Australian science fiction novels
Science fantasy novels
Australian fantasy novels
Young adult fantasy novels
Australian young adult novels
Children's science fiction novels
Obernewtyn Chronicles
Viking Press books |
3997548 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Lamar%20Holland | Kenneth Lamar Holland | Kenneth Lamar Holland (November 24, 1934 – February 27, 2021) was an American politician and attorney who as the Democratic member of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina between 1975 until 1983.
Early life
Holland was born in Hickory, North Carolina. He attended public schools in Gaffney, South Carolina and served in the National Guard from 1952 to 1959. He entered college at the University of South Carolina, earning an AB in 1960 and an LL.B. in 1963. During his time at the university, Holland was a member of the Euphradian Society. He was admitted to the South Carolina bar in 1963 and began the practice of law in Camden, South Carolina.
Political career
He served as a delegate to the South Carolina State Democratic conventions from 1968 to 1972. He was a delegate to the Democratic National Convention in 1968. From 1971 to 1973 Holland worked as a member of the State Board of Municipal Canvassers, serving as the body's chairman. He then served on the state Highway Commission from 1972 to 1975.
He was elected as a Democratic candidate from South Carolina's Fifth Congressional District to the 94th (and to the three following) Congresses, serving from January 3, 1975 to January 3, 1983. Holland's 1976 re-election was by a close (51% to 48%) margin over the Republican Party candidate, South Carolina Gamecocks baseball coach and former Major League Baseball player Bobby Richardson. Holland was not a candidate for reelection in 1982 to the 98th Congress, instead choosing to return to work as a lawyer. Holland was succeeded in Congress by John M. Spratt, Jr.
Holland indicated on February 7, 2006, that he was planning on entering the Democratic primary for the 2006 race for Governor of South Carolina, but then dropped out a month later citing money problems and pledging to refund the contributions he had received to date.
Death
Holland died on February 27, 2021, in Richmond, Virginia at the age of 86.
References
External links
Biographical Directory of the United States Congress: HOLLAND, Kenneth Lamar, (1934 - )
Infoplease: Kenneth Lamar Holland
1934 births
2021 deaths
People from Hickory, North Carolina
South Carolina Democrats
Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
University of South Carolina alumni |
5390728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oblique%20cord | Oblique cord | The oblique cord is a ligament between the ulnar and radius bones in the forearm near the elbow. It takes the form of a small, flattened band, extending downward and lateralward, from the lateral side of the ulnar tuberosity at the base of the coronoid process to the radius a little below the radial tuberosity. Its fibers run in the opposite direction to those of the Interosseous membrane of the forearm.
It is called by other names including oblique ligament, chorda obliqua, radio-ulnar ligament, chorda oblique antebrachii anterior, proximal interosseous band, dorsal oblique accessory cord, proximal band of the interosseous membrane, superior oblique ligament, oblique ligament proper, round ligament, and ligament of Weitbrecht.
It has no known function and can be cut without apparent consequence.
Structure
A study upon the arms of 38 people found that its mean length is 3.4 cm (range 2.4 to 4.2 cm) and in most people it tapers from the ulna to the radius end, being at the ulna 9 mm, in its middle, 7mm and its radius end 4 mm.
Variation
The shape and form of the ligament have been found in humans cadavers to vary from a rounded cord to a flat membrane. Further, it is not found in all humans being variably found to be absent in half of arms, and a third or 15% of people. It is found in most primates though not in the family of New World monkeys that includes spider and woolly monkeys called atelines.
Function
It has been suggested to strengthen the interosseus membrane proximally, provide restraint for the rotatory movements of the forearm, or that the ligament may stop bone bending and preventing buckling failure. However, due to the orientation of its fibers, the oblique cord is unlikely to transfer force due to limb loading from the radius to the ulna.
One recent comparative study upon primates concluded:
The oblique cord does not limit supination, nor does it seem to have a role in preventing radial buckling failure or
reducing bending strain. What, then, is the oblique cord for? The oblique cord may simply be an additional tie between the radius and ulna aiding other soft tissue structures such as the annular ligament and interosseous membrane. Additionally, the oblique cord may prevent anterior shearing of the proximal radius under extreme compressive loads.
A study on humans concluded that it "appears insignificant in stability of the proximal forearm." It has been suggested that its presence in modern humans may be a vestigial body part for a biped that was important due to the load-bearing function of the upper limb in evolutionarily earlier quadruped human ancestors.
Notes
External links
Ligaments of the upper limb |
3997566 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OHS | OHS | OHS may refer to:
Medicine
Obesity hypoventilation syndrome
Occipital horn syndrome
Other
Occupational safety and health
Occupational Health Science, a scholarly journal published by the Society for Occupational Health Psychology
Oh's, a brand of cereals
Oracle HTTP Server
Over head system, a power supply scheme for bumper cars
Organizations
Ochsner Health System
Office of Homeland Security, Office of the Executive Branch of the United States, precursor to the Department of Homeland Security
Ohio Historical Society
Oklahoma Historical Society
Ontario Handweavers & Spinners
Oregon Historical Society
Organ Historical Society, in Villanova, Pennsylvania, United States
Ottawa Humane Society
Oxford Harmonic Society
High schools
Various countries
Orange High School (disambiguation), various schools of this name
Olympic High School (disambiguation), various schools of this name
Canada
Oromocto High School, in Oromocto, New Brunswick
New Zealand
Onehunga High School, in Auckland
United Kingdom
Oriel High School, in Crawley, West Sussex, England
Oxford High School, in Oxford, Oxfordshire, England
United States
Oakland High School, in Oakland, California
Oakmont High School, in Antelope, California
Oakton High School, in Vienna, Virginia
Oceanside High School, in Oceanside, California
Odessa High School (New York), in Odessa, New York
Odessa High School, in Odessa, Texas
Odessa High School (Washington), in Odessa, Washington
Ogden High School (Utah), in Ogden, Utah
Olympian High School, in San Diego County, California
Olympic High School, in Charlotte, North Carolina
Opelika High School, in Opelika, Alabama
Orem High School, in Orem, Utah
Orion High School, in Orion, Illinois
Osborne High School, in Marietta, Georgia
Ottawa Senior High School, in Ottawa, Kansas
Ottumwa High School, in Ottumwa, Iowa
Stanford University Online High School, online school based in Stanford, California
Oswego High School, in Oswego Illinois
Oswego High School, in Oswego, New York |
5390729 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Armagh%2C%20Quebec | Armagh, Quebec | Armagh (2021 Population 1,439) is a municipality in the Bellechasse Regional County Municipality in the Chaudière-Appalaches region of Quebec. Its coordinates are .
It was named after Armagh in Ireland.
Demographics
References
External links
Armagh Official site.
Municipalities in Quebec
Designated places in Quebec
Incorporated places in Chaudière-Appalaches |
5390731 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BRQ | BRQ | BRQ may refer to:
Brno–Tuřany Airport (IATA airport code: BRQ), airport in Brno, Czech Republic
Buraq Air (ICAO airline code: BRQ), airline based in Tripoli, Libya
Breri language (ISO 639-3 language code: brq), a Ramu language of Papua New Guinea
B-R-Q, a given name of Semitic origin frequently spelled as "Barack", "Barak" or "Baraq"
Bus request, a control bus signal |
5390736 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svenne%20Hedlund | Svenne Hedlund | Sven Ove "Svenne" Hedlund (born 1 March 1945, in Solna, Sweden) is a Swedish pop singer. He is a member of the music group Idolerna.
He sang in the Swedish bands Clifftones and Hep Stars in the 1960s. In 1968, the singer Charlotte Walker (born 1944) became a member of the band, and they formed the duo Svenne and Lotta (called "Sven and Charlotte" in several countries) the following year. The couple were married from 1969 until they divorced in 2014.
References
External links
1945 births
Living people
Swedish pop singers
People from Solna Municipality
Swedish male singers |
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