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3996824	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Probe%20%281988%20TV%20series%29	Probe (1988 TV series)	Probe is an American science fiction television series, created by veteran television writer Michael I. Wagner and science fiction author Isaac Asimov as a sort of modern version of Jonny Quest or Tom Swift. It aired on ABC. Michael I. Wagner wrote the two-hour pilot, and became Executive Producer for the series. The pilot and series starred Parker Stevenson as Austin James, an asocial genius who solved high tech crimes, and Ashley Crow as James' new secretary Mickey Castle. The show began as a mid-season replacement and was canceled after a two-month run of the pilot and six episodes. Entire episodes have made their way on the Internet through video-sharing sites including YouTube. It has never been officially released on home media, although it did re-air in the mid-1990s on SYFY, when it was still known as the Sci-Fi Channel in its block of short-lived TV series. Some episodes of the show revolved around Serendip, a company founded by Austin that he has no interest in running. Mickey, his Serendip-appointed secretary, plays Dr. Watson to Austin's Holmes. Characters Austin James (played by Parker Stevenson): A genius-level scientist and inventor with eidetic memory, Austin is constantly thinking, inventing ground-breaking technology and seeking answers to various mysteries and problems. One disadvantage to his vast intellect is that it isolated him from his peers from a very early age. As a result, he is awkward and uncomfortable in normal social situations, and very reclusive. His manner can be at times overly brusque, but he has a deep love of humanity. Austin is occasionally called in by local police to investigate baffling homicides, though he professes to not understand the motivation for murder. He founded the think tank Serendip, but he has no interest in managing its day-to-day affairs, preferring to spend most of his time engaged in a variety of experiments and investigations at his "workshop," a refurbished warehouse which serves as his home and laboratory. Michelle "Mickey" Castle (played by Ashley Crow): Mickey seems an unlikely candidate to serve as Austin James' secretary, as she lacks any background in science and relies more on her instincts instead of logic. Though she initially finds Austin's genius and eccentricities intimidating (and infuriating), Mickey comes to enjoy the adventure of working for him. Similarly, while Austin has fired every other secretary foisted upon him by Serendip, he is soon captivated by Mickey's uncanny knack for providing unique observations that help him in his investigations. Howard Millhouse (played by Jon Cypher): As Serendip's long-suffering director, Howard constantly finds himself at wit's end, managing the company founded by Austin, and bankrolling his various experiments. Howard's attempts to draw Austin out of his warehouse to take a more active interest in his own company have only served to make Austin keep Serendip further at bay. Graham McKinley (played by Clive Revill): Howard's apparent successor at Serendip who also butts heads with Austin from time to time over various projects. Episodes References External links 1980s American science fiction television series Television series by Universal Television 1988 American television series debuts 1988 American television series endings English-language television shows American Broadcasting Company original programming Television shows set in Texas
3996825	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duke%20of%20Northumberland%27s%20River	Duke of Northumberland's River	The Duke of Northumberland's River or D. O. N. River consists of separate upper and lower artificial watercourses in west London, United Kingdom. The older name Isleworth Mill Stream/River more accurately describes the economic motivation behind its construction. The first section draws water via a sluice from the Colne — a source river which has seven distributaries, many of which are man-made — today an extended distance (to bypass Heathrow Airport) of about into the Crane; its lower section of about draws water from that small river in Whitton, Twickenham and discharges it via neighbouring Isleworth, passing Mill Plat into the tidal Thames. A sluice underneath Mill Plat feeds the main lake in Syon Park. Western section The western section was constructed during the reign of King Henry VIII of England to augment the flow supplying existing mills and to supply new mills, a source of revenue for the Duke of Northumberland's estate with the further benefit of irrigation for his tenants' fields. Most of the local topsoil was quite thin, on fast-draining gravel. The dukes and their Somerset-styled forebears were lords of the manor of Isleworth (1547–1554 and from 1594) and Twickenham (1538–1541), retaining much of the dwindling agricultural land until the 20th century. The family cemented its foothold in Isleworth by acquiring and rebuilding a former grandiose monastery by the Thames there, which had become Syon House in 1594; it remains the family's home in southern England. In 1530 a record lists an increase, probably temporary, of 42 labourers working on a new river cut from Longford (probably the Duke of Northumberland's River). This section diverts a small proportion of water from the River Colne at Longford, south then eastwards to the River Crane. The shallow canal flows through the north of Stanwell, Bedfont and Feltham. For a large part of its early course, it flows alongside its younger "twin", the Longford River. The first part helped to irrigate fields and orchards of Longford, then those of Heathrow and Stanwell. It was diverted west and then south in 1944 when Heathrow Airport was built. Both minor "canals" were moved further under the building scheme for Heathrow Terminal 5. They skirt the western and southern perimeter of Heathrow Airport then diverge after The Two Bridges, which are bridges of the truck road-bypassed Hatton Road in Bedfont. The river is carved east to join the Crane in patchy woodland known as Donkey Wood, by Baber Bridge at the west end of Hounslow Heath. Eastern section This section diverts water from the Crane in Kneller Gardens, Whitton, Twickenham, eastward then northward past The Stoop and Twickenham Stadium rugby stadiums, through Isleworth (originally to its mill), then onwards to supply the ornamental ponds in the Duke of Northumberland's estate at Syon Park. Further sluices here control the flow into the park and the River Thames at Isleworth Ait. This part is the older — it was built in the time of Syon Abbey, over 100 years before it was inherited, in 1594, by wife of the "wizard earl", Henry Percy, 9th Earl of Northumberland, Dorothy (née Devereux) which automatically became his own as this inheritance preceded the Married Women's Property Act 1870. The Duke of Northumberland's River can thus be described as a distributary of the Colne and a tributary of the Crane; it is also a distributary of the Crane and a tributary of the Thames. See also Tributaries of the River Thames List of rivers in England Notes References Citations Bibliography Sherwood, Philip. (2006) Around Heathrow Past & Present. Stroud: Sutton Publishing External links Longford Residents Association article on the river CDukeofNorthumberland Duke of Northumberland's River
3996833	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201956%20Summer%20Olympics	Canada at the 1956 Summer Olympics	Canada competed at the 1956 Summer Olympics in Melbourne, Australia and Stockholm, Sweden (equestrian events). 92 competitors, 77 men and 15 women, took part in 81 events in 14 sports. Medalists Gold Archibald MacKinnon, Kenneth Loomer, Walter D'Hondt, and Donald Arnold in Rowing, Men's Coxless Four Gerald Ouellette in Shooting, Men's 50m Rifle Prone Silver Philip Kueber, Richard McClure, Robert Wilson, David Helliwell, Wayne Pretty, Bill McKerlich, Douglas McDonald, Lawrence West, Carlton Ogawa — Rowing, Men's Eight with Coxswain Bronze Irene MacDonald — Diving, Women's 3m Springboard Stuart Boa — Shooting, Men's 50m Rifle Prone John Rumble, James Elder, Brian Herbinson — Equestrian, Team Three-Day Event Athletics Basketball Boxing Canoeing Cycling Sprint Fred Markus — 17th place Time trial James Davies — 1:15.2 (→ 17th place) Individual road race Patrick Murphy — 5:27:28 (→ 29th place) Fred Markus — did not finish (→ no ranking) James Davies — did not finish (→ no ranking) Diving Men's 10m Platform William Patrick Preliminary Round — 67.71 (→ did not advance, 15th place) Fencing One fencer represented Canada in 1956. Men's foil Roland Asselin Men's épée Roland Asselin Men's sabre Roland Asselin Gymnastics Rowing Canada had 13 male rowers participate in two out of seven rowing events in 1956. Men's coxless four Archibald MacKinnon Lorne Loomer Walter D'Hondt Donald Arnold Men's eight Philip Kueber Richard McClure Robert Wilson David Helliwell Wayne Pretty Bill McKerlich Douglas McDonald Lawrence West Carlton Ogawa (cox) Sailing Shooting Five shooters represented Canada in 1956. In the 50 m rifle, prone event, Gerald Ouellette won gold and Gil Boa won bronze. 25 m pistol James Zavitz 50 m pistol James Zavitz 300 m rifle, three positions Gerald Ouellette 50 m rifle, three positions Gil Boa Gerald Ouellette 50 m rifle, prone Gil Boa Gerald Ouellette Trap Earl Caldwell Frank Opsal Swimming Weightlifting Wrestling References Nations at the 1956 Summer Olympics 1956 Summer Olympics
3996835	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons%20of%20the%20Guadeloupe%20department	Cantons of the Guadeloupe department	The following is a list of the 21 cantons of the Guadeloupe department, in France, following the French canton reorganisation which came into effect in March of 2015: Les Abymes-1 Les Abymes-2 Les Abymes-3 Baie-Mahault-1 Baie-Mahault-2 Basse-Terre Capesterre-Belle-Eau Le Gosier Lamentin Marie-Galante Morne-à-l'Eau Le Moule Petit-Bourg Petit-Canal Pointe-à-Pitre Sainte-Anne Sainte-Rose-1 Sainte-Rose-2 Saint-François Trois-Rivières Vieux-Habitants Saint-Martin-Saint-Barthélemy The arrondissement of Saint-Martin-Saint-Barthélemy was part of the department of Guadeloupe until 22 February 2007, when the communes of Saint-Martin and Saint-Barthélemy were detached from Guadeloupe. It was made up of three cantons: Saint-Barthélemy Saint-Martin 1st Canton Saint-Martin 2nd Canton This arrondissement and these cantons ceased to exist on 22 February 2007. References Guadeloupe 2
3996838	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Boxhal	William Boxhal	William Boxhal (c. 12 February 1832 – 12 January 1893) was a convict transported to Western Australia. He later became a farmer in the Victoria Plains district, and was one of the first such farmers to secure land in the area. William Boxhal was born in Godalming, Surrey, and baptised on 12 February 1832. As a child, he moved with his family several times; they were in Camberwell, London in 1839, Croydon, Surrey in 1841, and Deptford in 1846. These movements probably indicate that Boxhal's father had difficulty securing employment. In July 1846, Boxhal's father died, and William Boxhal became responsible for feeding his family. He eventually went to Preston, Lancashire, an industrial port with more opportunities for work. Late, he joined the 50th Regiment of the British Army. On 23 August 1852, Boxhal and another soldier of the 50th Regiment named John Jones were charged with burglary. According to their arraignment, they "At Fulwood in a shop of one Arthur Phipps Rudman did feloniously break and enter and light pieces of paper of the value of one penny... and in the said shop... by force of arms did steal, take and carry away sixty one pounds in money." The pair were also charged with a virtually identical burglary of a shop belonging to a George Worthington. The two men were found guilty in October, and sentenced to ten years' penal transportation. Boxhal would have been lodged at first in the Preston jail, then later sent to Millbank Prison to serve his mandatory period of solitary confinement. In September 1853 he was transferred to the Woolwich prison hulk Defence, where he was set to work at the Woolwich Arsenal. Boxhal remained at Woolwich until December 1855, when he was placed on board the William Hammond for transportation to Western Australia. The William Hammond left London on 8 December, taking on more convicts at Portsmouth and Portland and later stopping at Plymouth before finally sailing for Western Australia on 5 January 1856. It arrived at Fremantle, Western Australia on 28 March 1856. William Boxhal was issued with a ticket of leave within a week of arrival at Fremantle. He was probably then sent to the Toodyay convict depot, as by January the following year he was working as a shepherd for Dom Rosendo Salvado. A number of extant contracts between Salvado and Boxhal indicate that Boxhal worked for Salvado for a number of years. In May 1862 Boxhal and another convict named Charles Delaney were contracted to construct fencing, and later to clear ground; in April 1863 he was contracted as a bullock teamster; and in August he was contracted as a sheep shearer. On 4 May 1863, William Boxhal married Mary Ann Kelly, the daughter of an Irish pensioner guard. He then began establishing himself as a farmer. Initially, he squatted or leased an area of land south of New Norcia in partnership with an ex-convict named Owen Lavin. In 1866, the two men secured joint title to a lot on the road to Guildford, becoming virtually the first farmers to secure land in the area. Boxhal sunk a well and built a house for his wife. The first of nine children was born in June 1864. In 1870, Boxhal bought a lot on the northern boundary of his land. Later, he bought another hundred acres. He was sufficiently successful that between 1868 and 1872 he employed 11 ticket-of-leavers men. He continued to increase his land holding, and in 1884 he leased 3000 acres (12 km2) of farmland surrounding his freehold land. Mary Ann Boxhal died on 3 February 1887. Some time after this, Boxhal moved to a rented house in Guildford. In January 1892, he sold all his freehold land to a Victoria Plains farmer named John Woods. Later that year he was diagnosed with cancer. Leaving his home in Guildford, he travelled to Berkshire Valley north east of New Norcia, to visit one of his sons. He died there on 12 January 1893, and was buried in New Norcia cemetery. References 1832 births 1893 deaths Convicts transported to Western Australia People from Godalming
3996846	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chilpancingo%20metro%20station	Chilpancingo metro station	Chilpancingo () is an underground metro station along Line 9 of the Mexico City Metro. It is located in the Cuauhtémoc borough of Mexico City. It is very close to Metrobús station of the same name. In 2019, the station had an average ridership of 49,122 passengers per day, making it the busiest station in Line 9 and the 17th busiest station in the network. General information The station is named after the nearby Avenida Chilpancingo, which in turn is named after the city of Chilpancingo de los Bravo, the capital of the state of Guerrero. The station logo is the silhouette of a wasp since Chilpancingo means the place of the wasps in Nahuatl. When Line 9 was in planning stage, the name of the station was Condesa, due to the neighborhood it serves, but it was finally changed to Chilpancingo. The station serves the Colonia Roma Sur and Colonia Condesa neighbourhoods in the Cuauhtémoc borough. It is located at the intersection of Avenida de los Insurgentes and Avenida Baja California. It was opened on 29 August 1988. In July 2007 a man in his 70s died of a heart attack within the station. Ridership See also UAM Cuajimalpa - the Avenida Baja California branch is near this station Secretariat of Agriculture, Livestock, Rural Development, Fisheries and Food - a satellite office is located a few blocks southwest of the station World Trade Center Mexico City - located several blocks southwest of the station References External links Chilpancingo Railway stations opened in 1988 1988 establishments in Mexico Mexico City Metro stations in Cuauhtémoc, Mexico City Accessible Mexico City Metro stations Railway stations located underground in Mexico
3996861	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lode%20Runner%20Online%3A%20The%20Mad%20Monks%27%20Revenge	Lode Runner Online: The Mad Monks' Revenge	Lode Runner Online: The Mad Monks' Revenge (stylized as Lode Runner On-Line) is an enhanced version of the 1994 game Lode Runner: The Legend Returns. The game includes online functionality so that players can battle or work together via network play. Gameplay While maintaining all of the original features of The Legend Returns, Lode Runner Online adds several new features, such as bombs which constantly self-ignite and reappear on a set timer. New available "worlds", which determine background and terrain appearance on a map, are a chief addition. New hazards, such as phase blocks, which disappear and reappear on a set timer (and consequently can tear apart players or monks standing in the location of a vanished block in the process of reappearing), and items are among other additional features; notably, editors can specify certain items to be able to be picked up by only the player of corresponding color (e.g. bombs with blue outlines can only be picked up by the second player, Wes Reckless, not Jake Peril). The level editor is more complex than in the original game. Multiple exits can be placed in a level, and the exits can be programmed to lead to differing levels in a pack. Development In 1993, Presage Software acquired the rights to the classic Lode Runner game by Doug Smith and set out to create a new, updated version for modern machines. The result of this effort was Lode Runner: The Legend Returns. This game did phenomenally well, winning many awards and leading to an enhanced edition: Lode Runner Online. For this iteration, multi-player gameplay was added, allowing two persons to play Lode Runner together over a network, modem, or on the same machine. At the same time many new levels and game elements were introduced, and the original 16-bit code was updated to 32-bit for Windows 95 and Mac OS 8. Reception External links DaggertWeb - Lode Runner by Beth Daggert, lead programmer. Includes numerous full version of the game. Fan-made remake with updated features for modern OS's. 1995 video games Classic Mac OS games Puzzle-platform games Sierra Entertainment games Video games developed in the United States Video game remakes Windows games
3996868	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofters%20Party	Crofters Party	The Crofters' Party was the parliamentary arm of the Highland Land League. It managed to elect five MPs in the 1885 general election and a sixth the following year. The Highland Land League had started on the isle of Skye and in 1884 protest action was much more widespread with many thousands of crofters became members of the Highland Land League. A number of candidates stood with the Highland Land League's backing in the 1885 general election and in subsequent elections in the rest of the 19th century. MPs The MPs elected with the backing of the Highland Land League formed themselves into the Crofters' Party, although they were also known as Independent Liberals. The MPs were: Donald Horne Macfarlane, Argyllshire Charles Fraser-Mackintosh, Inverness-shire, who joined the Liberal Unionist Party before the 1892 election, so Galloway Weir was endorsed the Land League in his stead. Roderick Macdonald, Ross and Cromarty Gavin Brown Clark, Caithness John Macdonald Cameron, Wick Burghs (allied with the Crofters Party) Angus Sutherland was defeated in Sutherland, but won in 1886, when the incumbent Marquess of Sutherland did not stand. In 1894, Angus Sutherland was appointed Chairman of the Fishery Board for Scotland, causing a by-election in which John MacLeod was elected unopposed; MacLeod defeated the Liberal Unionist candidate the following year. Also standing in 1885 was Walter McLaren, a Land League-endorsed Independent Liberal who was beaten by Liberal candidate Robert Finlay in the Inverness Burghs. A year later Parliament created the Crofters Act, formally the Crofters' Holdings (Scotland) Act 1886, which applied to croft tenure in an area which is now recognisable as a definition of the Highlands and Islands The Act granted real security of tenure of existing crofts and established the first Crofters Commission which had rent-fixing powers. Rents were generally reduced and 50% or more of outstanding arrears were cancelled. The Act failed however to address the issue of severely limited access to land, and crofters renewed their protest actions. At the same time there was a shift in the political climate: William Gladstone's Liberal government fell from power; the new Conservative government was much less sympathetic to the plight of crofters and much more willing to use troops to quell protests. The Liberal Party appeared to adopt and champion Land League objectives and, as a distinct parliamentary force, the Land League fragmented during the 1890s. Electoral results References Defunct political parties in Scotland Defunct agrarian political parties Politics of Highland (council area) 19th century in Scotland Crofting
3996869	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon%20EF%2028-90mm%20lens	Canon EF 28-90mm lens	The Canon EF 28–90 mm is a full frame SLR zoom lens, also often included as a kit lens with Canon EOS film cameras. The maximum aperture is 4 at 28mm, reducing to 5.6 at 90mm. When set to 90mm, this will create a moderate amount of background blur for portrait photography. There are several versions of this lens. They all share an identical optical design of 10 lenses in 8 groups and 5 aperture petals. Versions I and II were available with either a DC auto focus motor or an ultrasonic USM motor. All other differences are purely cosmetic. All versions had plastic lens mounts and barrels. Some were available in silver or black colour. The lens is a very lightweight design, and has fast auto focus even without USM. Image quality suffers, though, particularly between 28–35mm and 80–90mm, and there is heavy vignetting when used wide open. For digital EOS cameras with APS-C sensors, the EF-S 18–55mm lens covers the same focal length range. This is due to crop factor. EF-S lenses only work with Canon 1.6x crop cameras, which results in an angle of view roughly equivalent to that of a 29–90mm lens on a 35mm camera. Like the 28–90mm, the 18–55mm is also a kit lens. See also Canon EF 28–105mm lens References Canon EF lenses Canon EF-S lenses Canon kit lenses
3996872	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississippi%20Tennessee%20Railroad	Mississippi Tennessee Railroad	Mississippi Tennessee Railroad or Mississippi & Tennessee Railroad may refer to: Ripley and New Albany Railroad Mississippi and Tennessee Railroad on "Grenada District" Railway companies of the United States
3996881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Los%20Angeles%20Athletic%20Club	Los Angeles Athletic Club	Los Angeles Athletic Club (LAAC) is a privately owned athletic club and social club in Los Angeles, California, US. Established in 1880, the club is today best known for its John R. Wooden Award presented to the outstanding men's and women's college basketball player of each year. History Establishment The Los Angeles Athletic Club (LAAC) was founded on September 8, 1880. By the end of its first month of existence the fledgling club counted 60 enlisted members and was able to rent its first facility, two halls located in Stearns Hall on Los Angeles Street in downtown Los Angeles. A 19th Century history indicates that the club had the dual purposes of "providing its members with the means of physical development" along with "the advantages of a gentlemen's club. The club relocated for the first time in 1881, moving to more commodious accommodations in the Downey Block, before moving again a few years later to a still-larger home in the Stowell Block. A fire in 1893 required moving to temporary quarters in the Workman Block, next door to the previous Stowell Block location. Membership in this latter location soon topped the 400 mark, prompting the construction of the club's own permanent building, a four-story structure with a cavernous gymnasium located on an enlarged third floor. It was located on the east side of Spring Street between 5th and 6th, architects were McCarthy & Mendel. The club provided a venue for gymnastics, athletic training, and team sports, including organization of a civic football team which played the inaugural intercity match with San Francisco in January 1892. During its first two decades of existence the club also established an outdoors athletic park, which included a running track and path for bicycling, a baseball diamond, tennis courts, and facilities for croquet. It also provided rooms designed for socialization, including an expansive reading room, as well as designated areas for billiards and cards. 1912 relocation In 1912 it moved into its own new Los Angeles Athletic Club Building at 431 West Seventh Street in Downtown Los Angeles. The twelve-story Beaux-Arts style clubhouse was designed for the LAAC by John Parkinson and George Bergstrom, and is a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument. The building was notable for being the first in Southern California to have an interior swimming pool built on an upper floor. Due to its position in the growth and development of Los Angeles, the LAAC had significant success during its first 60 years, with membership reflecting its position in Los Angeles society and early Hollywood culture. During its heyday, the LAAC founded a number of other institutions, including the California Yacht Club (1922) and Riviera Country Club (1926). They are now separate entities. The club faced significant financial burdens due to World War II and the subsequent growth of suburbs. Athletes from the LAAC have earned numerous medals in the Summer Olympics, with a particularly high number during the 1932 Los Angeles Olympiad. The total Olympic medal tally for the LAAC is 97 medals, including 47 gold. Notable members Arthur Alber, Los Angeles City Council member, 1927–29 L. Frank Baum Charlie Chaplin Reginaldo Francisco del Valle, California State Senator who was instrumental in forming UCLA. California Water Commissioner responsible for bringing water from the Sierras to the city. His wife Helen co-owned the Los Angeles Times. Del Valle was an Attorney. George P. Cronk, Los Angeles City Council member, 1945–52 Vesey Alfred Davoren was the founder and commodore of the Topanga Yacht Club, and was given the sobriquet of "Captain." Edward L. Doheny Mayor Fred Eaton Philip "Phil" Erenberg (1909–1992), gymnast and Olympic silver medalist Caroline Estes Smith Douglas Fairbanks Jr. Robert Frederick Foster Louis F. Gottschalk A. E. Henning, Los Angeles City Council member, 1929–33 Henry Huntington Duke Kahanamoku, member of LAAC swimming and water polo teams, also club's lifeguard Georgia Thatcher Kemp (November 22, 1868 – March 9, 1945) Harold Lloyd Parry O'Brien Colonel Harrison Otis Mary Pickford William Desmond Taylor, movie director Moses Sherman Rudolph Valentino Johnny Weissmuller Senator Stephen White Esther Williams See also List of American gentlemen's clubs List of Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments in Downtown Los Angeles Footnotes Further reading Sandi Hemmerlein, "The Los Angeles Athletic Club: The Story of an LA Icon," Discover Los Angeles, Aug. 3, 2015. Charles F. Lummis (ed.), "Los Angeles Athletic Club," The Land of Sunshine [Los Angeles], vol. 5, no. 3 (Aug. 1896). pp. 134–138. Henry Winfred Splitter, "Los Angeles Recreation, 1846-1900: Part 1," Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly, vol. 43, no. 1 (March 1961), pp. 35–68. In JSTOR Henry Winfred Splitter, "Los Angeles Recreation, 1846-1900: Part 2," Historical Society of Southern California Quarterly, vol. 43, No. 2 (June 1961), pp. 166–199. In JSTOR External links Los Angeles Athletic Club website List of actors who listed LAAC as their residence Clubs and societies in California Athletics clubs in the United States Buildings and structures in Downtown Los Angeles Multi-sport clubs in the United States Athletics (track and field) venues in Los Angeles Baseball venues in Los Angeles Gymnastics venues in Los Angeles Swimming venues in Los Angeles Tennis venues in Los Angeles Sports venues in Los Angeles Gentlemen's clubs in California Organizations based in Los Angeles Sports clubs established in 1880 1880 establishments in California Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments 1910s architecture in the United States John and Donald Parkinson buildings
3996920	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stornoway%20Gazette	Stornoway Gazette	The Stornoway Gazette is a local newspaper reporting on local issues in the Western Isles of Scotland, specifically Stornoway and the Outer Hebrides. In 2004, nine months of head-to-head competition with a rival title ended with The Hebridean ceasing publication. Following this, the Gazette acquired the title and the publication rights to The Hebridean. Johnston Press, the Edinburgh-based newspaper group, became the owner of the paper in 2004 when they bought Score Press, which had been a division of Scottish Radio Holdings. In 2013, when the Gazette was 96 years old, it was decided that it would relaunch as a compact. It was awarded 2013 Newspaper of the Year at the annual Highlands and Islands Media Awards. References External links Website of the Stornoway Gazette Newspapers published in Scotland Mass media in the Outer Hebrides Newspapers published by Johnston Press
3996921	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201952%20Summer%20Olympics	Canada at the 1952 Summer Olympics	Canada competed at the 1952 Summer Olympics in Helsinki, Finland. 107 competitors, 97 men and 10 women, took part in 74 events in 13 sports. Medalists Gold George Genereux — Shooting, Men's Trap Silver Kenneth Lane and Donald Hawgood — Canoeing, Men's C-2 10000 m Gerry Gratton — Weightlifting, Men's 67.5–75 kg (middleweight) Athletics Basketball Men's Team Competition Qualification Round (Group C) Defeated Italy (68-57) Defeated Romania (72-51) Defeated Egypt (63-57) Main Round (Group C) Lost to Brazil (55-57) Lost to Argentina (81-82) Lost to Philippines (65-81) → did not advance, 13th place Team Roster Ralph Campbell William Coulthard James Curren Charles Dalton William Pataky Glen Pettinger Robert Phibbs Bernard Pickell (John) Carl Ridd Robert Simpson Harry Wade George Wearring Roy Williams Boxing Men's Light Welterweight (–63,5 kg) Roy Keenan First Round — Lost to Piet van Klaveren (Netherlands) on points (1-2) Men's Featherweight (–57 kg) Leonard Walters First Round — Defeated Salah El Din Ahmed Fathi (Egypt) on points (3-0) Second Round — Defeated Willi Roth (Germany) on points (2-1) Quarterfinals — Lost to Leonard John Leisching (South Africa) on points (0-3) Men's Lightweight (–60 kg) Clayton Kenny First Round — Defeated Niels Erik Berthelsen (Denmark) on technical knock-out in third round Second Round — Lost to István Juhász (Hungary) on points (1-2) Men's Welterweight (–67 kg) Jacob Butula First Round — Bye Second Round — Lost to Ron Norris (India) on technical knock-out in third round Men's Light Middleweight (–71 kg) Charles Chase First Round — Defeated Andre Oueillé (France) on points (2-1) Second Round — Lost to László Papp (Hungary) on knock-out in second round Men's Middleweight (–75 kg) Robert Malouf First Round — Bye Second Round — Lost to Leen Jansen (Netherlands) on technical knock-out in first round Men's Heavyweight (> 91 kg) James Saunders First Round — Bye Second Round — Lost to Giacomo di Segni (Italy) on points (0-3) Canoeing Cycling Track Competition Men's 1.000m Time Trial Frederick Henry Final — 1:17.6 (→ 22nd place) Men's 1.000m Sprint Scratch Race John Millman — 8th place Equestrian Fencing Two fencers, both men, represented Canada in 1952. Men's foil Edward Brooke Roland Asselin Men's épée Edward Brooke Roland Asselin Men's sabre Roland Asselin Rowing Canada had 15 male rowers participate in three out of seven rowing events in 1952. Men's double sculls Bob Williams Derek Riley Men's coxless four Ron Cameron Lloyd Montour Jack Zwirewich Art Griffiths Men's eight Ted Chilcott Jack Taylor Bo Westlake Frank Young John Sharp Mervin Kaye Jack Russell George McCauley Norm Rowe (cox) Sailing Shooting Four shooters represented Canada in 1952. George Genereux won a gold medal in the trap event. 25 m pistol Edson Warner 300 m rifle, three positions Gil Boa 50 m rifle, three positions Gil Boa Edson Warner 50 m rifle, prone Gil Boa Edson Warner Trap George Genereux Roy Cole Swimming Weightlifting Wrestling References Nations at the 1952 Summer Olympics 1952 Summer Olympics
5390123	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%20Silva	Anderson Silva	Anderson da Silva (; born 14 April 1975) is a Brazilian-American mixed martial artist and boxer. He is a former UFC Middleweight Champion and holds the record for the longest title reign in UFC history at 2,457 days. This started in 2006 and ended in 2013 and included a UFC record 16 consecutive victories in that span. UFC president Dana White, UFC commentator Joe Rogan and numerous mixed martial arts (MMA) pundits have named Silva as one of the greatest mixed martial artists of all time. Silva left the UFC in November 2020 and returned to boxing. Background Silva was born on 14 April 1975, in São Paulo, Brazil. The son of a poverty-stricken family, Silva spent the majority of his childhood in Curitiba with his aunt and uncle, who was an officer with the Curitiba police force. Silva's first foray in martial arts began as a child training jiu-jitsu with neighborhood kids. As a teen, Silva began training in taekwondo, capoeira and muay thai. Mixed martial arts career Early career (19972002) Silva initially fought in Brazil in the welterweight category. Silva made his professional debut in 1997 with a pair of wins. Silva recorded his first loss in 2000 to Luiz Azeredo by decision. After that fight, he went on a nine-fight winning streak, winning six of those fights by either submission or TKO. After winning his first match in Japan, he was put up against Shooto champion Hayato Sakurai on 26 August 2001. Silva beat Sakurai by unanimous decision after three rounds and became the new Shooto Middleweight Champion (at 167 lb) and the first man to defeat Sakurai, who was undefeated in his first 20 fights. Pride Fighting Championships and Cage Rage (20022006) In 2002, Silva began fighting in Pride. In his first fight with the promotion, he stopped Alex Stiebling with a cut resulting from a high kick. In his next match, he won via decision against the "Diet Butcher" Alexander Otsuka. At Pride 25, Silva faced former UFC welterweight champion Carlos Newton. Newton tried to shoot in on Silva, but was hit with a flying knee. Newton collapsed and Silva finished the fight with strikes, winning by technical knockout. At Pride 26, Silva faced Daiju Takase. Takase, with a record of four wins and seven losses, was the underdog. However Silva was dominated on the ground for almost the entire fight before being submitted by Takase when caught in a triangle choke late in the first round. After his loss to Takase, Silva became demotivated and thought about quitting MMA, but was convinced to keep on fighting by Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira. Silva then left Chute Boxe, joined Nogueira in Brazilian Top Team and started to fight in other promotions around the world. On 27 June 2004, Silva fought Jeremy Horn and earned a decision victory. Three months later, Silva made his debut in the Cage Rage promotion in England. At Cage Rage 8 Silva fought and defeated noted striker Lee Murray by decision. That year, Silva returned to Pride FC on 31 December to face Ryo Chonan. Silva was in control with a take down and body triangle in the first round. Chonan was able to counter Silva's knees from the clinch, with knees, and takedowns. Chonan was perceived by some to be winning up until the finish. During the third round, Bas Rutten, commentating alongside Mauro Ranallo, stated that he believed Anderson must obtain a knockout or strong finish or he would lose the fight. Despite being the underdog, Chonan ended the fight in the third round with a rare flying scissor heel hook, forcing Silva to submit. After the loss to Chonan he was cut by Pride, Silva continued fighting in the Cage Rage promotion, as well as other promotions around the world. Silva defended his Cage Rage title against Curtis Stout. Although he was slated to fight Matt Lindland at Cage Rage 16, Lindland's decision to fight Mike Van Arsdale at Raze Fight Night put an end to the highly anticipated match up. Instead, Silva defended his championship against Tony Fryklund, winning the fight with a reverse elbow, knocking out Fryklund early in the first round. Silva competed in Hawaii's Rumble on the Rock promotion, where he fought Yushin Okami in the first round of the 175 lb tournament. Though labeled as a favorite to win the tournament, Silva was eliminated from the tournament when he kicked Okami in the face from the guard position. Okami's knees were on the ground at the time, making the attack an illegal strike to the head of a downed opponent. Silva later said that the rule had not been properly explained to him before the bout. "When I fought Okami the rules really weren't explained to me properly in the event I was fighting in," said Silva. "You could kick a downed opponent to the groin or to the head when your back's on the ground. So the rules weren't explained to me properly." While Okami was given the opportunity to recover and continue fighting, Okami opted for the disqualification win. Silva responded by saying he "felt it was a cheap, cowardly way of winning," and that "people that were there saw that he was in the condition to come back and keep fighting, and he didn't." Ultimate Fighting Championship (20062020) Debut and middleweight championship Although speculation ran rampant about where Silva would sign next, the UFC announced in late April 2006 that they had signed him to a multi-fight contract. It was not long before the UFC started promoting Silva, releasing an interview segment almost immediately after announcing his arrival. Silva made his debut at Ultimate Fight Night 5 on 28 June 2006. His opponent was The Ultimate Fighter 1 contestant Chris Leben who had gone undefeated in the UFC with five consecutive victories. Leben, confident of victory, had predicted he would KO Silva in a pre-fight interview. A relatively unknown fighter in the United States, Silva made an emphatic debut when he knocked out Leben with a flurry of pinpoint strikes, followed by a final knee strike at 49 seconds into the first round. Silva's striking accuracy was 85%. In response to the victory, the UFC tallied a poll on their main page, asking viewers to select Silva's next opponent. The majority of voters selected the UFC Middleweight Champion Rich Franklin. Silva fought Franklin at UFC 64 on 14 October 2006, and defeated him by TKO (strikes) at 2:59 in the first round. Silva hit Franklin with knees to the body from the Muay Thai-clinch, then badly broke Franklin's nose with a knee to the face. Unable to strike back, Franklin dodged the last of Silva's strikes before falling to the ground, where referee "Big" John McCarthy ended the fight. Silva was crowned the new UFC Middleweight Champion, becoming the second man to defeat Franklin, after Black House-teammate Lyoto Machida. Record-setting championship reign On 3 February 2007, at UFC 67, Silva was scheduled to fight The Ultimate Fighter 4 winner Travis Lutter in what would be his first title defense since defeating Rich Franklin in October 2006. However, Lutter failed to make the weight limit and the match was changed to a non-title bout. Many felt that Lutter's best chance to win was to take the fight to the ground, with Lutter being an accomplished jiu-jitsu blackbelt. Silva won via submission with a combination of a triangle choke and elbow strikes in the second round. In his next fight at UFC 73 on 7 July 2007, Silva successfully defended his title against Nate Marquardt, winning by TKO at 4:50 in the first round. Three months later, on 20 October 2007, at UFC 77, Silva fought a title defense rematch against Rich Franklin, in Franklin's hometown of Cincinnati, Ohio, at the U.S. Bank Arena. Silva defended his belt by defeating Franklin via TKO in the 2nd round. On 1 March 2008, at UFC 82 Silva fought Pride Middleweight champion Dan Henderson, in a title unification bout (UFC and Pride titles on the line). Henderson was believed to have the edge on the ground, having competed in the 1992 and 1996 Summer Olympics in Greco-Roman wrestling. Silva defended his title by defeating Henderson via rear naked choke in the 2nd round. At UFC Fight Night 14 on 19 July 2008, Silva made his debut at Light Heavyweight () in a bout against James Irvin. Silva won via KO due to strikes in 1:01 of the first round after catching Irvin's attempted leg kick with his left arm and delivering a straight right that dropped Irvin to the mat, Silva then finished a prone Irvin with a blitz of punches to the head. Irvin later tested positive for methadone and oxymorphone. Silva's next fight was on 25 October 2008, at UFC 90 in Rosemont, Illinois, Silva defended his Middleweight title against Patrick Côté. In the third round, Côté landed awkwardly on his right leg while throwing a kick and fell to the mat grasping his right knee in pain. Referee Herb Dean declared the fight over when Côté could not continue, ruling the bout a TKO victory for Silva. Côté, however, became the first of Silva's UFC opponents to make it past the 2nd round. After his fight with Côté, Silva was criticized for seemingly avoiding contact during the bout. Dana White criticized Silva, saying: "I didn't understand Silva's tactics... It wasn't the Anderson Silva I've been watching the last two years." Silva said in the post-fight news conference: "There are many people saying I was disrespecting Côté, but this is absolutely not true. My game plan since the beginning was fight five rounds, inducing him to commit mistakes and capitalize on that during the first three rounds and look for the knockout during the fourth and fifth rounds. It was working, and the biggest proof of that is that I almost didn't waste any blows. I connected with a couple of good punches and knees, but unfortunately he got hurt and the fight was over. This is not my fault." On 18 April 2009, at UFC 97 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada, Silva defeated Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu blackbelt Thales Leites by unanimous decision, and recorded his UFC record 9th consecutive win in the octagon. Leites is credited with being the first man in UFC history to take Silva through 5 rounds to a judges' decision. The crowd repeatedly booed his lackluster performance, bored expression, and frustrated attempts to goad his opponent into fighting, and in the 4th and 5th rounds took to dancing, lowering his guard and slapping his opponent without retaliation. Following the fight, Dana White has stated that he was "embarrassed" by Silva's performance, but still said that he believes him to be "the best pound-for-pound fighter in the world". At UFC 101 which took place on 8 August 2009, in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Silva again fought at 205 pounds against former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Forrest Griffin. Griffin was knocked down three times in the first round. The bout earned Silva Beatdown of the Year honors from Sherdog. The bout shared those honors with the second bout between Brock Lesnar and Frank Mir. Both fighters were awarded $60,000 as Fight of the Night bonuses and Silva received $60,000 in bonus money for Knockout of the Night. After defeating Griffin, a Yahoo! Sports reporter allegedly claimed that Silva's manager, Ed Soares, had confirmed that Silva would abandon his Middleweight belt to fight at Light Heavyweight. However, Soares and a UFC spokesperson confirmed that a conversation agreeing Silva would permanently move up to Light Heavyweight never took place. Silva did not relinquish his title to fight exclusively at Light Heavyweight. Soares stated his attorney plans to speak to Yahoo! Sports about the matter. Silva was expected to defend the UFC Middleweight Championship against Vitor Belfort on 2 January 2010, at UFC 108. However, Ed Soares announced that the bout would not take place as Silva would not be fully recovered from surgery. Silva was then set to face Belfort on 6 February 2010, at UFC 109. The fight, however, was dependent on Silva's healing, which he described as "not going as planned." The fight was canceled because of Silva's slow recovery. Silva was once again scheduled to face Belfort on 10 April 2010, at UFC 112. The fight was later canceled again due to an injury to Belfort. Demian Maia was selected to fill the spot and take on Silva for the belt. In the first two rounds fighting Maia, Silva appeared to mock his opponent while employing quick, precise striking. In the third round, however, Silva's tempo seemed to change. He looked to Maia to be the aggressor while he largely circled and taunted his opponent. In the fifth round, Silva's lack of action prompted referee Dan Miragliotta to warn Silva for his conduct. The crowd began to side with Maia, who was the only fighter attempting to engage. After 5 rounds, Silva was declared the winner via unanimous decision. Silva was widely criticized for his performance. Dana White said it was the most embarrassed he had ever been since becoming UFC president. Midway through the fourth round, White walked away from the fight and gave the championship belt to Silva's manager, Ed Soares. White was so annoyed that he declined to personally place the belt around Silva's waist, claiming it was the first time he had done so after a title match. It was also claimed that Silva verbally taunted Maia, saying, "Come on, hit me in the face, playboy." In the immediate post-fight interview, Silva apologized and said that he wasn't himself and that he would need to go back and reevaluate the humility that got him to where he is. In the post-fight interview, Silva made multiple references about how Demian insulted him before the bout. However, the pre-fight banter was seen by many as not out of the ordinary. On 7 August 2010 Silva faced Chael Sonnen for the UFC Middleweight title at UFC 117. In the first round, Sonnen stunned Silva with a punch before taking him down and dominating from the top position, landing multiple blows. The following three rounds played out in a similar fashion, going to the ground early with Sonnen dominating from inside Silva's guard. In the fifth round, Silva slipped after being tagged by Sonnen's left hook and the challenger took advantage by once again establishing a top position and delivering strikes to Silva. With about two minutes left in the round, Silva was able to lock up a triangle armbar on Sonnen, forcing Sonnen to submit at 3:10 of Round 5. In the fight, Sonnen had struck Silva more times than Silva had been hit thus far in his entire UFC career. According to CompuStrike, in his first 11 UFC fights, Silva had been hit 208 times. On 7 August Sonnen had landed a total of 289 strikes. After the bout it was revealed that Sonnen would have won a judges' decision. All three judges had Sonnen marked as the winner of all four rounds, judges Nelson Hamilton and Dan Stell had Sonnen taking Round 1 10–8, as well as Hamilton awarding the challenger another 10–8 total in Round 3. Silva later claimed to have gone into the fight with a cracked rib and that a doctor advised him not to fight. Dana White announced that Sonnen would get a rematch upon Silva's return. Following the fight the California State Athletic Commission confirmed that Chael Sonnen tested positive for synthetic testosterone, with his test having revealed a high testosterone to epitestosterone ratio, indicative of testosterone replacement therapy. The promised rematch was revoked after the issue with his testosterone ratio came to light, however, after Sonnen came back and won two straight fights, Dana White scheduled the rematch. Silva faced Vitor Belfort on 5 February 2011, at UFC 126. Belfort was expected to face Yushin Okami on 13 November 2010, at UFC 122, but was replaced by Nate Marquardt. After a "feeling out" period of about two and a half minutes in the first round, Silva and Belfort started to trade strikes. Silva landed a front kick to Belfort's jaw and followed up with punches to the grounded challenger. Referee Mario Yamasaki stopped the fight at 3:25 into the first round. With the win Silva handed Belfort his first KO loss in 28 career fights and extended his record streak of title defenses to eight. Silva then faced Yushin Okami on 27 August 2011, at UFC 134. He defeated the Japanese middleweight by TKO at 2:04 of round 2, displaying skilled head movement and accurate striking. His record then went to 31–4, avenging his DQ loss to Okami back in 2006. A rematch with Chael Sonnen was to take place on 23 June 2012, at UFC 147, but the bout was moved back to 7 July 2012, at UFC 148, while the expected co-feature of the Brazilian event, a rematch between Vitor Belfort and Wanderlei Silva would headline the event. The change was due to a scheduling conflict with the UN Conference Rio+20, which occurred during the same time frame as UFC 147. At UFC 148, after again being dominated throughout the first round, Silva stopped Sonnen in the second with a TKO. He became the first to stop Stephan Bonnar via strikes in the 1st round of a light heavyweight bout on 13 October 2012, at UFC 153. Title loss and injury Despite having decided to retire after the Bonnar fight, Silva faced Chris Weidman on 6 July 2013, at UFC 162. Although he was the heavy favorite, he lost by KO in the second round after show boating, ending his streak of the longest title reign in UFC history. A rematch was held at UFC 168 on 28 December. Weidman dominated the first round; it was reported that Silva may have also cracked his shin bone against Weidman during the first leg check. In the second round Weidman checked one of Silva's leg kicks again, breaking Silva's left fibula and tibia and ending the fight via TKO. Immediately after the fight, Silva had orthopedic surgery to stabilize his tibia with an intramedullary rod; his fibula was reset and was not expected to require further surgery. A UFC statement called the surgery "successful" and said those with similar injuries generally take three to six months to recover. Post-championship reign Despite calls for Silva to retire from MMA, it was confirmed on 29 July 2014, that Silva would return to the organization. Before UFC 179, Silva and the UFC agreed on a new, 15-fight contract that replaced their previous deal which had eight fights remaining. On 29 October 2014, it was announced that Silva would coach opposite Maurício Rua for The Ultimate Fighter: Brazil 4, which began filming in early 2015. Despite being coaches on the show, the two fighters will not face each other at the end of the season. Silva's continued participation was briefly in doubt during the filming after the announcement of his failed drug test. Initially, Dana White announced that Silva would remain on the show as a coach. Subsequently, Silva was pulled as one of the coaches and was replaced by Antônio Rodrigo Nogueira. In his first fight post-injury, Silva faced Nick Diaz in the main event of UFC 183 on 31 January 2015. He won the fight via unanimous decision. In the days after the fight, it was revealed that Silva tested positive for Drostanolone and Androstane, two anabolic steroids, in pre-fight drug screening on 9 January 2015. Nevada State Athletic Commission chairman Francisco Aguilar confirmed that the fight has not yet been overturned and can't be until a motion is passed by a majority of the commission. Any penalties, suspensions or changes to the outcome of the fight have to be presented as a motion and then voted on by the commission to enact the order. On 11 February 2015, it was reported that Silva tested positive for an additional unknown illegal substance in a separate test that was related to UFC 183. On 17 February 2015, NSAC executive director Bob Bennett confirmed to ESPN.com that Silva failed his postfight urine test and that Silva had tested positive for the steroid Drostanolone—the same banned substance he tested positive for during an out-of-competition test taken on 9 January 2015. Silva also tested positive for the anti-anxiety medication Oxazepam and Temazepam, which is used to treat sleep deprivation. On 13 August, after several reschedules, the disciplinary hearing was held to decide on the subject. Silva's defense argued that a tainted sexual enhancement drug that a friend had given to Silva after a trip to Thailand was the root of the two failed tests for drostanolone and also appealed to mistakes in the NSAC testing procedures, pointing to a pair of drug tests, one on 19 January and one after the fight, which Silva passed. He admitted to using both benzodiazepines the night prior to the fight as therapy to control stress and help him sleep. Silva's team was unable to explain the presence of androsterone in 9 January test. The commission rejected the defense and suspended him for one year retroactive to the date of the fight, as the current guidelines were not in effect at the time of the failed tests. He was also fined his full win bonus, as well as 30% of his show money, totaling $380,000. His victory was overturned to a no contest. In his first fight after his PED suspension was lifted, Silva faced Michael Bisping on 27 February 2016, at UFC Fight Night 84. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. However, the fight was not without controversy as at the end of round three Silva dropped Bisping with a flying knee while Bisping was signaling to referee Herb Dean that he lost his mouthpiece. Silva believed he had won the bout and continued to celebrate as referee Herb Dean said the fight was not over, and it continued for another two rounds to the decision. Both participants were awarded Fight of the Night honours. Silva was expected to face Uriah Hall on 14 May 2016, at UFC 198. However, Silva pulled out of the bout on 10 May after requiring a surgery to remove his gallbladder. As a result, Hall did not compete at the event. Silva was a short notice replacement to face current UFC Light Heavyweight champion Daniel Cormier in a non-title bout on 9 July 2016, at UFC 200. Silva lost the fight via unanimous decision. Silva faced Derek Brunson on 11 February 2017, at UFC 208. He was awarded a unanimous decision victory. 19 of 23 media outlets scored the bout in favor of Brunson. Silva was expected to face Kelvin Gastelum on 3 June 2017, at UFC 212. However, Gastelum was pulled from the match-up after testing positive for marijuana. In turn, despite having two months to secure an opponent, Silva and promotion officials confirmed on 11 May that he would not compete at that event. The bout with Gastelum was rescheduled and was expected to take place on 25 November 2017, at UFC Fight Night 122. However it was announced on 10 November 2017 that Silva would be pulled from the bout due to failing USADA drug test on 26 October. In July 2018, USADA announced that Silva had been exonerated from the failed test after finding contaminated supplements and received a one-year suspension from USADA dating back to November 2017 and would be free to resume fighting in November 2018. Silva returned and faced Israel Adesanya on 10 February 2019, at UFC 234. He lost the fight via unanimous decision. This fight earned him the Fight of the Night award. Silva faced Jared Cannonier on 11 May 2019 at UFC 237. He lost the fight via TKO in the first round after a kick from Cannonier to Silva's right leg injured him and rendered him unable to continue. Silva faced Uriah Hall on 31 October 2020 at UFC Fight Night: Hall vs. Silva. He lost the fight via technical knockout in round four. In an Instagram post made after the fight, Silva hinted that his career in MMA was finished, though he did not officially announce retirement from the sport. On 19 November 2020, the UFC announced that they had released Silva from his UFC contract, which would allow him to negotiate with other promotions. Professional boxing career In March 2021, it was announced that Anderson Silva would continue his combat sports career in boxing against Julio César Chávez Jr. on 19 June 2021. Chávez Jr missed the contractual weight of 182 lbs. after weighing in at 184.4 lbs. and forfeited $100,000 of his purse to Silva. Silva won the fight via split decision. Silva was the busier fighter throughout the fight throwing a total of 392 punches versus Chávez Jr's 153. Silva faced former UFC Light Heavyweight Champion Tito Ortiz in a pro boxing bout on September 11, 2021. He won the fight via knockout in round one. Mixed martial arts fighting style An expert in Muay Thai, boxing and taekwondo, Silva is primarily a stand-up fighter. Owner of numerous UFC offensive striking records, Silva is widely regarded as one of the best strikers in the history of MMA and many consider him the best of all time. During his time in the UFC, he had a striking accuracy of 60%, attempting 1300 strikes and landing 779. A main attribute of Silva is his striking defense. In the UFC, he had a penchant for dodging opponent's strike attempts after taunting them and having his guard down. Silva's striking accuracy, knockout power, technically vicious Muay Thai and ability to counterstrike makes him a danger to his opponents. Silva's striking uses three major strengths: technical precision, the jab, and transitions and movement. Silva switches from southpaw to orthodox with little drop-off in effectiveness. Although it has been claimed that his ground game is not as good as his stand-up, Silva has submitted notable grapplers, including Olympic wrestler Dan Henderson, Brazilian Jiu-Jitsu blackbelt Travis Lutter and Olympic alternate Chael Sonnen. Sponsors A friend of Brazilian World Cup winner Ronaldo, in 2011 Silva became the first client to be marketed by 9INE, a sports marketing company co-owned by Ronaldo. Since August 2011, Anderson has been sponsored by Corinthians, his favorite football club. He is also sponsored by fast food chain Burger King. Previously he had also sponsorship deal with sportswear and equipment supplier Nike, which ended in late 2014 due to Nike's self removal from the UFC. Personal life Silva has three sons and two daughters with his wife, Dayane. Before he began his career as a professional fighter, Silva worked at McDonald's, and also as a file clerk. He considers Spider-Man, Bruce Lee, Muhammad Ali and his mother as biggest of his personal heroes, and has a stated love of comic books and comic book heroes. Silva has said on numerous occasions that he believes long-time friend and former UFC Lightweight Champion and UFC Welterweight Champion B.J. Penn to be the greatest pound-for-pound fighter in the history of the sport. Silva expressed interest in competing in the sport of taekwondo and boxing. He floated around the idea of him competing at the Olympics in taekwondo and fighting Roy Jones Jr in a boxing match. Silva became a naturalized U.S. citizen in July 2019. Filmography Television and film Championships and accomplishments Mixed martial arts Cage Rage Championships Cage Rage Middleweight Championship (One time, Final) Three successful title defenses Shooto Shooto Middleweight Championship (One time) Ultimate Fighting Championship UFC Middleweight Championship (One time) Ten successful title defenses Unified the UFC Middleweight and Pride World Welterweight Championships Fight of the Night (Five times) Knockout of the Night (Seven times) Most "Knockout of the Night" awards in UFC history (7) Submission of the Night (Two times) Longest title reign in UFC history (2457 days) Longest win streak in UFC history (16) Most UFC Middleweight title fights (13) Most wins in UFC Middleweight title fights (11) Tied for most knockouts in the UFC Middleweight division history (8) (w. Uriah Hall, Thiago Santos) Most successful title defenses in the UFC middleweight division (10) Most consecutive title defenses in the UFC middleweight division (10) Second most consecutive title defenses in UFC history (10) Most finishes in the UFC Middleweight division history (11) Most finishes in UFC title fights (9) Second most knockdowns in UFC history (18) Most knockdowns in the UFC Middleweight division history (13) Most knockdowns in UFC title fights (10) Most knockouts in UFC title fights (7) Most total fight bonuses in the UFC Middleweight division history (12) ESPN.com 2011 Knockout of the Year vs. Vitor Belfort on 5 February Inside MMA 2011 KO Kick of the Year Bazzie Award vs. Vitor Belfort on 5 February MMA Live 2010 Fight of the Year vs. Chael Sonnen on 7 August Sherdog 2009 Beatdown of the Year vs. Forrest Griffin on 8 August 2011 All-Violence 1st Team Mixed Martial Arts Hall of Fame Spike Guys' Choice Awards 2008 Most Dangerous Man Sports Illustrated 2008 Fighter of the Year World MMA Awards 2008 Fighter of the Year 2010 Fight of the Year vs. Chael Sonnen on 7 August 2011 Knockout of the Year vs. Vitor Belfort on 5 February Wrestling Observer Newsletter Most Outstanding Fighter (2012) MMA Most Valuable Fighter (2012) Mixed martial arts record \|- \|Loss \|align=center\|34–11 (1) \|Uriah Hall \|TKO (punches) \|UFC Fight Night: Hall vs. Silva \| \|align=center\|4 \|align=center\|1:24 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \|Loss \|align=center\|34–10 (1) \|Jared Cannonier \|TKO (leg kick) \|UFC 237 \| \|align=center\|1 \|align=center\|4:47 \|Rio de Janeiro, Brazil \| \|- \|Loss \|align=center\|34–9 (1) \|Israel Adesanya \|Decision (unanimous) \|UFC 234 \| \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Melbourne, Australia \| \|- \|Win \|align=center\|34–8 (1) \|Derek Brunson \|Decision (unanimous) \|UFC 208 \| \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Brooklyn, New York, United States \| \|- \|Loss \|align=center\|33–8 (1) \|Daniel Cormier \|Decision (unanimous) \|UFC 200 \| \|align=center\|3 \|align=center\|5:00 \|Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \|Loss \| align=center\|33–7 (1) \| Michael Bisping \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Bisping \| \| align=center\|5 \| align=center\|5:00 \| London, England \| \|- \| NC \| align=center\| 33–6 (1) \| Nick Diaz \| NC (overturned by NSAC) \| UFC 183 \| \| align=center\|5 \| align=center\|5:00 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 33–6 \| Chris Weidman \| TKO (leg injury) \| UFC 168 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 1:16 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 33–5 \| Chris Weidman \| KO (punches) \| UFC 162 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 1:18 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 33–4 \| Stephan Bonnar \| TKO (knee to the body and punches) \| UFC 153 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:40 \| Rio de Janeiro, Brazil \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 32–4 \| Chael Sonnen \| TKO (knee to the body and punches) \| UFC 148 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 1:55 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 31–4 \| Yushin Okami \| TKO (punches) \| UFC 134 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 2:04 \| Rio de Janeiro, Brazil \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 30–4 \| Vitor Belfort \| KO (front kick and punches) \| UFC 126 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 3:25 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 29–4 \| Chael Sonnen \| Submission (triangle armbar) \| UFC 117 \| \| align=center\| 5 \| align=center\| 3:10 \| Oakland, California, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 28–4 \| Demian Maia \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 112 \| \| align=center\| 5 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 27–4 \| Forrest Griffin \| KO (punch) \| UFC 101 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 3:23 \| Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 26–4 \| Thales Leites \| Decision (unanimous) \| UFC 97 \| \| align=center\| 5 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Montreal, Quebec, Canada \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 25–4 \| Patrick Côté \| TKO (knee injury) \| UFC 90 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 0:39 \| Rosemont, Illinois, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 24–4 \| James Irvin \| KO (punches) \| UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:01 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 23–4 \| Dan Henderson \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| UFC 82 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 4:52 \| Columbus, Ohio, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 22–4 \| Rich Franklin \| TKO (knees) \| UFC 77 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 1:07 \| Cincinnati, Ohio, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 21–4 \| Nate Marquardt \| TKO (punches) \| UFC 73 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:50 \| Sacramento, California, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 20–4 \| Travis Lutter \| TKO (submission to elbows) \| UFC 67 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 2:11 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 19–4 \| Rich Franklin \| KO (knee) \| UFC 64 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 2:59 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 18–4 \| Chris Leben \| KO (knee) \| UFC Fight Night 5 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 0:49 \| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 17–4 \| Tony Fryklund \| KO (elbow) \| Cage Rage 16 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 2:02 \| London, England \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 16–4 \| Yushin Okami \| DQ (illegal kick) \| Rumble on the Rock 8 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 2:33 \| Honolulu, Hawaii, United States \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 16–3 \| Curtis Stout \| KO (punches) \| Cage Rage 14 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:59 \| London, England \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 15–3 \| Jorge Rivera \| TKO (knees and punches) \| Cage Rage 11 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 3:53 \| London, England \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 14–3 \| Ryo Chonan \| Submission (flying scissor heel hook) \| Pride Shockwave 2004 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 3:08 \| Saitama, Japan \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 14–2 \| Lee Murray \| Decision (unanimous) \| Cage Rage 8 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| London, England \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 13–2 \| Jeremy Horn \| Decision (unanimous) \| Gladiator 2 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Seoul, South Korea \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 12–2 \| Waldir dos Anjos \| TKO (corner stoppage) \| Conquista Fight 1 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Vitória da Conquista, Brazil \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 11–2 \| Daiju Takase \| Submission (triangle choke) \| Pride 26 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 8:33 \| Yokohama, Japan \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 11–1 \| Carlos Newton \| KO (flying knee and punches) \| Pride 25 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 6:27 \| Yokohama, Japan \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 10–1 \| Alexander Otsuka \| Decision (unanimous) \| Pride 22 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Nagoya, Japan \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 9–1 \| Alex Stiebling \| TKO (doctor stoppage) \| Pride 21 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:23 \| Saitama, Japan \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 8–1 \| Roan Carneiro \| TKO (submission to punches) \| Mecca 6 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 5:32 \| Curitiba, Brazil \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 7–1 \| Hayato Sakurai \| Decision (unanimous) \| Shooto 7 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Osaka, Japan \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 6–1 \| Israel Albuquerque \| TKO (submission to punches) \| Mecca 5 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 6:17 \| Curitiba, Brazil \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 5–1 \| Tetsuji Kato \| Decision (unanimous) \| Shooto 2 \| \| align=center\| 3 \| align=center\| 5:00 \| Tokyo, Japan \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 4–1 \| Claudionor Fontinelle \| TKO (punches and knees) \| Mecca 4 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 4:35 \| Curitiba, Brazil \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 3–1 \| Jose Barreto \| TKO (head kick and punches) \| Mecca 2 \| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:06 \| Curitiba, Brazil \| \|- \| Loss \| align=center\| 2–1 \| Luiz Azeredo \| Decision (unanimous) \| Mecca 1 \| \| align=center\| 2 \| align=center\| 10:00 \| Curitiba, Brazil \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 2–0 \| Fabrício Camões \| TKO (retirement) \| rowspan=2\|BFC 1 \| rowspan=2\| \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 25:14 \| rowspan=2\|Campo Grande, Brazil \| \|- \| Win \| align=center\| 1–0 \| Raimundo Pinheiro \| Submission (rear-naked choke) \| align=center\| 1 \| align=center\| 1:53 \| Professional boxing record Exhibition boxing record Pay-per-view bouts See also List of male mixed martial artists References External links \|- Brazilian capoeira practitioners Brazilian expatriate sportspeople in the United States Brazilian male judoka Brazilian male mixed martial artists Brazilian Muay Thai practitioners Brazilian practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu Brazilian male taekwondo practitioners Brazilian sportspeople in doping cases Doping cases in mixed martial arts Light heavyweight mixed martial artists Living people Middleweight mixed martial artists Mixed martial artists utilizing capoeira Mixed martial artists utilizing Muay Thai Mixed martial artists utilizing taekwondo Mixed martial artists utilizing suntukan Mixed martial artists utilizing boxing Mixed martial artists utilizing judo Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu Naturalized citizens of the United States Sportspeople from Curitiba Ultimate Fighting Championship champions Welterweight mixed martial artists 1975 births Brazilian male boxers Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
5390125	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1953%20VFL%20season	1953 VFL season	The 1953 VFL season was the 57th season of the Victorian Football League (VFL), the highest level senior Australian rules football competition in Victoria. The season featured twelve clubs, ran from 18 April until 26 September, and comprised an 18-game home-and-away season followed by a finals series featuring the top four clubs. The premiership was won by the Collingwood Football Club for the twelfth time, after it defeated by twelve points in the 1953 VFL Grand Final. Premiership season In 1953, the VFL competition consisted of twelve teams of 18 on-the-field players each, plus two substitute players, known as the 19th man and the 20th man. A player could be substituted for any reason; however, once substituted, a player could not return to the field of play under any circumstances. Teams played each other in a home-and-away season of 18 rounds; matches 12 to 18 were the "home-and-way reverse" of matches 1 to 7. Once the 18 round home-and-away season had finished, the 1953 VFL Premiers were determined by the specific format and conventions of the Page–McIntyre system. Round 1 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.15 (87) \| \| 5.8 (38) \| Kardinia Park \| 19,877 \| 18 April 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.9 (111) \| \| 12.16 (88) \| Windy Hill \| 23,100 \| 18 April 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.16 (118) \| \| 11.11 (77) \| Victoria Park \| 29,678 \| 18 April 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.18 (60) \| \| 9.11 (65) \| Princes Park \| 27,198 \| 18 April 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.9 (57) \| \| 14.21 (105) \| Junction Oval \| 14,000 \| 18 April 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.7 (73) \| \| 9.13 (67) \| Punt Road Oval \| 18,000 \| 18 April 1953 Round 2 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.9 (57) \| \| 13.14 (92) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 12,000 \| 2 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.13 (61) \| \| 15.12 (102) \| Western Oval \| 28,500 \| 2 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.9 (81) \| \| 11.14 (80) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 21,000 \| 2 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.21 (99) \| \| 13.11 (89) \| Lake Oval \| 29,231 \| 2 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 18.10 (118) \| \| 11.9 (75) \| Arden Street Oval \| 21,377 \| 2 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.11 (59) \| \| 13.12 (90) \| MCG \| 29,204 \| 2 May 1953 Round 3 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 16.15 (111) \| \| 6.6 (42) \| Western Oval \| 15,000 \| 9 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.20 (122) \| \| 7.16 (58) \| Windy Hill \| 18,000 \| 9 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.19 (73) \| \| 14.14 (98) \| Victoria Park \| 33,000 \| 9 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.12 (84) \| \| 11.17 (83) \| Arden Street Oval \| 12,000 \| 9 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.15 (75) \| \| 12.14 (86) \| Lake Oval \| 24,000 \| 9 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 15.8 (98) \| \| 16.8 (104) \| Punt Road Oval \| 31,000 \| 9 May 1953 Round 4 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.11 (53) \| \| 9.9 (63) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 12,000 \| 16 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.14 (86) \| \| 10.15 (75) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 20,500 \| 16 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.11 (95) \| \| 14.19 (103) \| Princes Park \| 37,500 \| 16 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.17 (83) \| \| 8.17 (65) \| Junction Oval \| 16,500 \| 16 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 4.6 (30) \| \| 9.21 (75) \| MCG \| 23,727 \| 16 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.7 (79) \| \| 9.11 (65) \| Kardinia Park \| 35,000 \| 16 May 1953 Round 5 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.10 (46) \| \| 9.3 (57) \| Windy Hill \| 9,500 \| 23 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.18 (96) \| \| 3.8 (26) \| Victoria Park \| 9,627 \| 23 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.10 (52) \| \| 6.7 (43) \| Princes Park \| 9,150 \| 23 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.10 (58) \| \| 9.8 (62) \| Lake Oval \| 11,000 \| 23 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.16 (52) \| \| 15.16 (106) \| Punt Road Oval \| 10,000 \| 23 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.6 (66) \| \| 1.0 (6) \| Western Oval \| 14,087 \| 23 May 1953 Round 6 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.16 (100) \| \| 7.5 (47) \| Kardinia Park \| 24,832 \| 30 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.8 (62) \| \| 5.9 (39) \| Victoria Park \| 23,036 \| 30 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.9 (69) \| \| 14.9 (93) \| Junction Oval \| 19,000 \| 30 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.11 (71) \| \| 12.9 (81) \| MCG \| 21,205 \| 30 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.9 (51) \| \| 9.14 (68) \| Arden Street Oval \| 25,000 \| 30 May 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.7 (67) \| \| 6.11 (47) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 12,000 \| 30 May 1953 Round 7 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.11 (53) \| \| 18.16 (124) \| Junction Oval \| 21,000 \| 6 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.12 (60) \| \| 5.14 (44) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 9,500 \| 6 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.18 (84) \| \| 7.6 (48) \| Windy Hill \| 21,000 \| 6 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.16 (100) \| \| 7.6 (48) \| Princes Park \| 22,219 \| 6 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.10 (58) \| \| 11.16 (82) \| MCG \| 26,254 \| 6 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.9 (51) \| \| 7.10 (52) \| Western Oval \| 32,114 \| 6 June 1953 Round 8 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.14 (62) \| \| 12.8 (80) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 7,000 \| 13 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 19.17 (131) \| \| 8.8 (56) \| Victoria Park \| 16,200 \| 13 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.11 (77) \| \| 9.17 (71) \| Lake Oval \| 22,565 \| 13 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.11 (59) \| \| 9.14 (68) \| Punt Road Oval \| 16,000 \| 13 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 21.10 (136) \| \| 7.8 (50) \| Kardinia Park \| 21,489 \| 13 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.14 (98) \| \| 7.11 (53) \| Windy Hill \| 30,300 \| 13 June 1953 Round 9 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.9 (45) \| \| 5.12 (42) \| Arden Street Oval \| 9,000 \| 20 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 5.13 (43) \| \| 11.6 (72) \| Western Oval \| 21,105 \| 20 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.8 (44) \| \| 9.6 (60) \| Junction Oval \| 9,500 \| 20 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.10 (64) \| \| 12.15 (87) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 8,000 \| 20 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.6 (48) \| \| 9.9 (63) \| MCG \| 27,175 \| 20 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.12 (54) \| \| 7.18 (60) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 15,000 \| 20 June 1953 Round 10 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.9 (75) \| \| 7.10 (52) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 9,500 \| 27 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.15 (63) \| \| 10.14 (74) \| Princes Park \| 32,526 \| 27 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.7 (79) \| \| 6.14 (50) \| Lake Oval \| 17,000 \| 27 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.14 (74) \| \| 16.6 (102) \| MCG \| 11,993 \| 27 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 3.7 (25) \| \| 5.12 (42) \| Arden Street Oval \| 15,000 \| 27 June 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.14 (80) \| \| 6.16 (52) \| Windy Hill \| 31,900 \| 27 June 1953 Round 11 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.14 (86) \| \| 13.7 (85) \| Kardinia Park \| 21,130 \| 4 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.19 (61) \| \| 9.8 (62) \| Victoria Park \| 25,078 \| 4 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.13 (97) \| \| 10.13 (73) \| Princes Park \| 29,688 \| 4 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.7 (73) \| \| 8.21 (69) \| Junction Oval \| 12,000 \| 4 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.10 (82) \| \| 7.6 (48) \| Punt Road Oval \| 11,000 \| 4 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.15 (69) \| \| 7.11 (53) \| Western Oval \| 34,884 \| 4 July 1953 Round 12 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.9 (75) \| \| 11.9 (75) \| MCG \| 19,402 \| 11 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.8 (62) \| \| 12.14 (86) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 14,000 \| 11 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.12 (90) \| \| 8.18 (66) \| Western Oval \| 31,668 \| 11 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 20.11 (131) \| \| 5.16 (46) \| Arden Street Oval \| 10,500 \| 18 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.20 (62) \| \| 14.13 (97) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 25,500 \| 18 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.9 (81) \| \| 17.17 (119) \| Lake Oval \| 30,000 \| 18 July 1953 Round 13 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.11 (83) \| \| 8.14 (62) \| Windy Hill \| 23,000 \| 25 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.16 (94) \| \| 8.17 (65) \| Victoria Park \| 23,868 \| 25 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.24 (96) \| \| 10.10 (70) \| Princes Park \| 16,367 \| 25 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.13 (67) \| \| 4.14 (38) \| Junction Oval \| 7,500 \| 25 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.12 (78) \| \| 8.10 (58) \| Kardinia Park \| 32,093 \| 25 July 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.7 (85) \| \| 13.12 (90) \| Punt Road Oval \| 15,000 \| 25 July 1953 Round 14 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.13 (67) \| \| 8.16 (64) \| MCG \| 13,768 \| 1 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.18 (90) \| \| 7.19 (61) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 16,000 \| 1 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 15.16 (106) \| \| 10.19 (79) \| Princes Park \| 21,508 \| 1 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 3.10 (28) \| \| 11.10 (76) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 10,000 \| 1 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.10 (64) \| \| 14.15 (99) \| Junction Oval \| 19,500 \| 1 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.13 (55) \| \| 10.15 (75) \| Kardinia Park \| 31,635 \| 1 August 1953 Round 15 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.16 (94) \| \| 11.14 (80) \| Punt Road Oval \| 9,500 \| 8 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.14 (98) \| \| 9.7 (61) \| Western Oval \| 18,075 \| 8 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.13 (61) \| \| 7.8 (50) \| Windy Hill \| 41,000 \| 8 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.12 (54) \| \| 9.8 (62) \| Lake Oval \| 8,500 \| 8 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 17.19 (121) \| \| 7.9 (51) \| Arden Street Oval \| 12,000 \| 8 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.15 (87) \| \| 9.16 (70) \| Victoria Park \| 31,277 \| 8 August 1953 Round 16 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.8 (56) \| \| 11.21 (87) \| Arden Street Oval \| 8,000 \| 15 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.18 (102) \| \| 4.9 (33) \| Kardinia Park \| 10,000 \| 15 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 7.11 (53) \| \| 14.14 (98) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 17,500 \| 15 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.9 (57) \| \| 12.10 (82) \| MCG \| 25,543 \| 15 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 11.6 (72) \| \| 12.16 (88) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 7,000 \| 15 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 8.15 (63) \| \| 7.16 (58) \| Junction Oval \| 9,700 \| 15 August 1953 Round 17 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.18 (90) \| \| 4.5 (29) \| Western Oval \| 15,158 \| 22 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 6.13 (49) \| \| 9.10 (64) \| Brunswick Street Oval \| 7,500 \| 22 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.6 (78) \| \| 12.7 (79) \| Windy Hill \| 18,000 \| 22 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.15 (87) \| \| 6.9 (45) \| Princes Park \| 8,500 \| 22 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.14 (98) \| \| 8.7 (55) \| Lake Oval \| 21,000 \| 22 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 12.9 (81) \| \| 13.17 (95) \| Punt Road Oval \| 18,000 \| 22 August 1953 Round 18 \|- bgcolor="#CCCCFF" \| Home team \| Home team score \| Away team \| Away team score \| Venue \| Crowd \| Date \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 16.14 (110) \| \| 8.8 (56) \| Kardinia Park \| 18,124 \| 29 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 10.14 (74) \| \| 8.7 (55) \| Victoria Park \| 33,867 \| 29 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.20 (98) \| \| 4.12 (36) \| Lake Oval \| 13,000 \| 29 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 9.10 (64) \| \| 13.6 (84) \| Glenferrie Oval \| 5,000 \| 29 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 13.7 (85) \| \| 19.12 (126) \| Punt Road Oval \| 19,000 \| 29 August 1953 \|- bgcolor="#FFFFFF" \| \| 14.10 (94) \| \| 15.15 (105) \| Arden Street Oval \| 14,000 \| 29 August 1953 Ladder Finals First Semi-Final Second Semi-Final Preliminary Final Grand final Awards The 1953 VFL Premiership team was Collingwood. The VFL's leading goalkicker was John Coleman of Essendon who kicked 97 goals (including one goal in the finals). The winner of the 1953 Brownlow Medal was Bill Hutchison of Essendon with 26 votes. Hawthorn took the "wooden spoon" in 1953. Notable events Because Anzac Day fell on a Saturday, there was a fortnight between Rounds 1 and 2. On the evening of Friday 24 April a night-time exhibition match was held between Collingwood and Fitzroy, under lights, at the Royal Melbourne Showgrounds for the benefit of St Vincent's Hospital. Collingwood 9.13 (67) defeated Fitzroy 4.19 (43) before a crowd of 22,000. Footscray won its first final since joining the league in 1925, their twenty-ninth season. This came after making the finals six times previously and being eliminated each time (1938, 1942, 1944, 1946, 1948 and 1951). In Round 2, John Coleman kicked 11 of Essendon's 13 goals. In Round 5, Fitzroy came close to becoming the first (and only) VFL/AFL team to be held scoreless in their match against Footscray at the Western Oval, which was played amidst heavy rain and a burst water main. Allan Ruthven managed their only scoring shot, a goal, with about six minutes remaining in the match. To date, it remains the longest amount of time a team has been kept scoreless in a match. In a streak spanning from 1952 until 1953, won 23 consecutive matches and played 26 consecutive matches without defeat; both of these remain VFL/AFL records as of 2021. The winning streak ended in Round 14, when Collingwood defeated Geelong by 20 points. At the time, Geelong had a 13–0 record and a four game lead over second-place, but won only three of its eight remaining games for the season. Overall it was a low-scoring season: Footscray's 959 points against remains the lowest average points conceded per game since 1919; the season's highest score of 21.10 (136) was the lowest since 1924; and, for the first time since 1927, there was no match where both teams scored more than 100 points. The Collingwood Grand Final team contained three sets of brothers: Lou Richards and Ron Richards; Bob Rose and Bill Rose; Bill Twomey Jr., Pat Twomey, and Mick Twomey. Collingwood supporter and businessman John Wren suffered a heart attack at the 1953 Grand Final and died one month later. References Maplestone, M., Flying Higher: History of the Essendon Football Club 1872–1996, Essendon Football Club, (Melbourne), 1996. Rogers, S. & Brown, A., Every Game Ever Played: VFL/AFL Results 1897–1997 (Sixth Edition), Viking Books, (Ringwood), 1998. Ross, J. (ed), 100 Years of Australian Football 1897–1996: The Complete Story of the AFL, All the Big Stories, All the Great Pictures, All the Champions, Every AFL Season Reported, Viking, (Ringwood), 1996. External links 1953 Season - AFL Tables Ken Piesse, "Stray Cat lifts lid on Grand Final dumping", (Sunday Herald Sun, 23 September 2007) Australian Football League seasons Vfl season
3996926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20social%20activities%20at%20the%20University%20of%20Cambridge	List of social activities at the University of Cambridge	This is intended to be a complete list of articles detailing clubs, societies and other common leisure activities associated with the University of Cambridge, England. Sports General Varsity match, the annual match for each sports team against the University of Oxford Cambridge Blue, an award for competing at the highest level of University sport The Hawks' Club, a social club for men with a Blue, Half Blue or Second Team Colours Clubs Association football: Cambridge University Association Football League CUAFL Cuppers CUAFL Plate CUAFL Shield CUAFL Vase Cambridge University Association Football Club Pegasus A.F.C., a now-defunct combined Oxford-Cambridge football team Cambridge University Cricket Club Rugby union: Cambridge University Rugby Union Football Club The Varsity Match, the annual rugby union varsity match Cambridge University Automobile Club Cambridge University Lawn Tennis Club Strange Blue, the Cambridge University Ultimate Club Rowing Cambridge University Boat Club Cambridge University Combined Boat Clubs Cambridge University Lightweight Rowing Club Cambridge University Women's Boat Club The Boat Race Women's Boat Race Henley Boat Races College boat clubs Caius Boat Club Christ's College Boat Club Churchill College Boat Club Clare Boat Club Corpus Christi College Boat Club Downing College Boat Club Emmanuel Boat Club Fitzwilliam College Boat Club Girton College Boat Club Homerton College Boat Club Hughes Hall Boat Club Jesus College Boat Club King's College Boat Club Lady Margaret Boat Club (St John's College) Lucy Cavendish College Boat Club Magdalene Boat Club Murray Edwards College Boat Club (previously New Hall Boat Club) Newnham College Boat Club Pembroke College Boat Club Peterhouse Boat Club Queens' College Boat Club Robinson College Boat Club Selwyn College Boat Club Sidney Sussex College Boat Club St. Catharine's College Boat Club Trinity College: First Trinity Boat Club Second Trinity Boat Club Third Trinity Boat Club First and Third Trinity Boat Club Trinity Hall Boat Club Bumps races Lent Bumps May Bumps Political societies Cambridge University Liberal Association Cambridge Union Society, commonly known as the Cambridge Union - a debating union Cambridge University Conservative Association Cambridge University Labour Club The Wilberforce Society, the student think-tank Academic societies The Archimedeans Trinity Mathematical Society Cambridge University Scientific Society Cambridge University Moral Sciences Club Cambridge Philosophical Society Cambridge University Law Society Cambridge University SPS Society Drama societies Amateur Dramatic Club Cambridge University Gilbert and Sullivan Society Footlights, an amateur dramatics and comedy club Cambridge University Light Entertainment Society Improvised Comedy Ents (ICE), the University's oldest improv society Alcock Improv, another improv society The Corpus Christi Fletcher Players The Movement, now a professional theatre company but still using actors from the University. Christ's Amateur Dramatic Society Girton Amateur Dramatics Society (GADS) Student Unions Cambridge University Students' Union, the Cambridge-wide federal union Graduate Union, the students' union specifically for Graduates Miscellaneous societies Cambridge University Wine society, the university wine society Cambridge Apostles, an elite intellectual secret society Cambridge Explorers, secret social and adventuring club Cambridge University Punting Society, the oldest and largest extant punting society in the world. Cambridge SCA, a charity and volunteering organisation Cambridge University Tiddlywinks Club, the world's oldest tiddlywinks club Choir of King's College, Cambridge, a world-renowned choir CUR1350, the student radio station Cambridge University Wireless Society, the university amateur radio club Granta, periodical which started as a student society Hawks' Club, a member's club for university sportsmen University Pitt Club, an exclusive social club TCS, a student newspaper Varsity, a student newspaper CICCU, the Cambridge Inter-Collegiate Christian Union Cambridge University Science Fiction Society (CUSFS), known as one of the likely creators of The Game Jómsborg the New - the Fantasy Fiction Society, and subset of CUSFS College clubs and societies Gonville & Caius A.F.C., the only college team to have reached the 1st round of the FA Cup Pembroke Players, an amateur dramatics society Go and Yes Minister Society (found in Girton College) Pembroke College Winnie-the-Pooh Society Churchill Regular Association for Poker Leisure activities Formal Hall, a formal dinner in a college June Event, an alternative to May Balls May Balls, a college ball, usually held annually in May Week May Week, the week after the end of examinations, actually in June Punting Suicide Sunday, the Sunday during May Week References External links University Of Cambridge Registered Clubs & Societies Societies hosted on the SRCF Social activities Social activities Social activities
5390130	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leroy%20Charles%20Hodapp	Leroy Charles Hodapp	Leroy Charles Hodapp (11 November 1923 – 26 May 2006) distinguished himself as a Methodist pastor, district superintendent, Annual Conference official, and bishop of the United Methodist Church (U.M.C.) who was elected in 1976. Birth and family Bishop Hodapp was born in Seymour, Indiana, to Linden Charles and Mary Marguerite Miller Hodapp. Leroy Hodapp married Polly Anne Martin in June 1947; they have two daughters. Education Leroy earned his B.A. degree from the University of Evansville (1944), and his Bachelor of Divinity degree from Drew Theological Seminary (1947). Bishop Hodapp also received several honorary doctorates. Ordained ministry Leroy was ordained deacon in 1945 by Bishop Titus Lowe, joining the Indiana Annual Conference of The Methodist Church. Bishop Lowe ordained him elder the summer of 1947. Rev. Hodapp served pastoral appointments at the Orleans, Indiana Methodist Church; the Heath Memorial and Meridian Street Methodist Churches in Indianapolis, Indiana, and the First Methodist Church in Bloomington, Indiana. Between 1965 and 1970, Rev. Hodapp served as the superintendent of the Bloomington District (1965–67), the Indianapolis West District (1967–68), and the Indianapolis Northeast District (1968–70). He then became director of the Conference Council of Ministries of the South Indiana Annual Conference of the U.M. Church. Rev. Hodapp was a delegate to the North Central Jurisdictional Conference of The Methodist/United Methodist Church (1964–76), and to the General Conference of the same (1968–76). He held responsible positions in conference agencies, including chairperson of the Conference Board of Ordained Ministry. He was also a member of the Commission to Study the Superintendency during the 1972-76 quadrennium. Episcopal ministry Leroy Hodapp was elected bishop by the 1976 North Central Jurisdictional Conference. He was assigned to the Illinois episcopal area (Central and South Illinois Annual Conferences), where he served 1976–1984. He then became bishop of the Indiana Episcopal Area (North and South Indiana Annual Conferences), where he served until his retirement in 1992. During his tenure as an active bishop, Hodapp served as president of the General Board of Church and Society of the U.M.C. (based in Washington, D.C.), and later as the president of the General Board of Global Ministries (based in New York City). The Hodapps retired to Evansville, Indiana, where they lived for several years, before moving to the Franklin United Methodist Community Home in Franklin, Indiana. Hodapp served as the trial officer (i.e. judge) in church trials involving sexual misconduct. He presided over a famous trial involving then-pastor Jimmy Creech, who was eventually stripped of his clergy credentials for performing a same-gender union service (a violation of U.M. Church law). Death and funeral Bishop Hodapp died at Methodist Hospital in Indianapolis, aged 82. He was survived by his wife and two daughters. Episcopal remembrance Bishop Hodapp has been described as a steady, consistent and faithful leader for the U.M. Church. Then current bishop of the Indiana Episcopal Area, Michael J. Coyner when he received word of Hodapp's death, said: See also List of bishops of the United Methodist Church Notes References "Bishop Leroy Hodapp dies at age 82". United Methodist News Service. The Council of Bishops of the United Methodist Church InfoServ, the official information service of The United Methodist Church. External links Photo of Bishop Hodapp. Retrieved 3 March 2007. 1923 births 2006 deaths Drew University alumni People from Evansville, Indiana People from Seymour, Indiana United Methodist bishops of the North Central Jurisdiction People from Franklin, Indiana 20th-century American clergy
5390131	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oleg%20Moliboga	Oleg Moliboga	Oleg Alekseyevich Moliboga (, ; 27 February 1953 – 9 June 2022) was a Soviet volleyball player and Russian volleyball coach. Born in Dnipropetrovsk, he participated in the 1976 Summer Olympics and in the 1980 Summer Olympics. In 1976, he was part of the Soviet team which won the silver medal in the Olympic tournament. He played all five matches. Four years later, in 1980, he won the gold medal with the Soviet team in the 1980 Olympic tournament. He played all six matches. He was one of the pre-eminent players of the 1970s and the early 1980s, training at the Armed Forces sports society in Dnipropetrovsk. With the USSR national team, he won also two World Championships in 1978 and 1982. References External links 1953 births 2022 deaths Soviet men's volleyball players Ukrainian men's volleyball players Olympic volleyball players of the Soviet Union Volleyball players at the 1976 Summer Olympics Volleyball players at the 1980 Summer Olympics Olympic gold medalists for the Soviet Union Olympic silver medalists for the Soviet Union Armed Forces sports society athletes Russian volleyball coaches Olympic medalists in volleyball Russian men's volleyball players Russian people of Ukrainian descent Coaches of Russia men's national volleyball team Honoured Coaches of Russia Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1976 Summer Olympics Sportspeople from Dnipro
3996948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slough%20Feg	Slough Feg	Slough Feg (also known as The Lord Weird Slough Feg) is an American heavy metal band from Pennsylvania, formed in 1990 and currently based in the San Francisco Bay Area. Taking their name from the Celtic folklore-influenced comic book Sláine, the band released their self-titled debut album in 1996. Slough Feg combines influences from traditional heavy metal bands such as Iron Maiden, Brocas Helm, and Thin Lizzy, as well as English folk metal band Skyclad. Slough Feg's 2003 album Traveller was a concept album based on the role-playing game of the same name. With the release of Atavism in 2005, the band officially shortened its name to Slough Feg. Guitarist Mike Scalzi maintains that the band always referred to itself this way internally, and the addition of "The Lord Weird" made it too difficult to find Slough Feg albums in stores (which alphabetized the CDs in inconsistent ways). Slough Feg most recently released New Organon in 2019. History Slough Feg originated in central Pennsylvania and relocated to San Francisco, California in 1990. The band produced three demo tapes in the early 1990s before releasing their self-titled debut album. Bassist Justin Phelps left the band shortly after. In 1998, European music label Dragonheart signed Slough Feg and the band released their second album, Twilight of the Idols, in 1999. The band released Down Among the Deadmen in 2000 and Traveller in 2003. In 2005, the band moved to Italian record label Cruz del Sur and released their fifth studio album, Atavism. The band also officially shortened their name to "Slough Feg" after the album's release. After the change of name, John Cobbett left in good terms with the band, and was replaced by current member Angelo Tringali in January 2005. Around the same time, drummer Greg Haa left Slough Feg for personal reasons, and was replaced by current member Antoine Reuben-Diavola. In 2007, the band released their sixth album (their second with Cruz del Sur), Hardworlder, recorded and produced with former bass player Justin Phelps. In 2008, they released The Slay Stack Grows via Shadow Kingdom Records, a double-CD release of old demos and live recordings from the band's early days. Slough Feg toured in Europe and the United States, doing coast-to-coast tours summers of 2005 and 2006, including an appearance at the first annual Alehorn of Power festival in Chicago, Illinois. In January 2013, the band signed with Metal Blade Records. Having returned to their previous label Cruz del Sur Music, Slough Feg released their album New Organon on June 21, 2019. Lineup Current members Mike Scalzi – guitars/vocals (1990–present) Angelo Tringali – guitars (2005–present) Adrian Maestas – bass (2001–present) Austen Krater – drums (2021–present) Former members Omar Herd – vocals Chris Haa – guitars Andrew Sebba – guitars John Cobbett (Hammers of Misfortune, Ludicra, Gwar) – guitars Justin Phelps – bass/founding member Justin Post – bass Scott Beach – bass Jon Torres (Ulysses Siren, Angel Witch, Warning S.F., I4NI, Lȧȧz Rockit, Heathen) – bass Jim Mack (Black Goat (US), Weakling) – bass Dave Passmore – drums Stu Kane – drums Greg Haa (Isen Torr) – drums Antoine Reuben (Hadan, Black Goat, Weakling) – drums Harry Cantwell (Bosse-de-Nage) – drums Addison Filipczyk – drums Discography The Lord Weird Slough Feg (1996) Twilight of the Idols (1999) Down Among the Deadmen (2000) Traveller (2003) Atavism (2005) Hardworlder (2007) The Slay Stack Grows (2008) (compilation) Ape Uprising! (2009) The Animal Spirits (2010) Made in Poland (live, 2011) Digital Resistance (2014) New Organon (2019) References External links Heavy metal musical groups from Pennsylvania Heavy metal musical groups from California American folk metal musical groups Musical groups from San Francisco Musical groups established in 1990 Profound Lore Records artists
3996952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cliff%20Lee%20%28potter%29	Cliff Lee (potter)	Cliff Lee (born 1951 in Vienna, Austria) is an American ceramic artist. He is known for his meticulously carved and glazed porcelain pots. In particular, he is noted for his celadon, oxblood, imperial yellow and oil spot glazes and for carvings in the shape of cabbages, peaches, and lotus flowers. Biography He was born in Vienna since his father was posted there as ambassador. After their return home he was raised in Taiwan. He left to study in the United States in 1968. As a young man, Lee studied medicine at Hershey Medical School and became a successful neurosurgeon before deciding to leave medicine and pursue his passion for studio pottery at the age of 27. Taking ceramics courses at James Madison University in Harrisonburg, Virginia, he decided to pursue this new passion. At James Madison, he also met his wife Holly, a jewelry artist now well known in the craft community. Lee gained prominence through his inclusion in the 1993 show White House Collection of American Crafts, which was curated by Michael Monroe, who was then the director of the Renwick Gallery of the Smithsonian Institution. Lee's work is now included in the permanent collections of several museums, including the National Museum of American Art at the Smithsonian Institution, the Yale University Art Gallery, and the Peabody Essex Museum. He has also won numerous awards for his porcelain, including Best of Ceramics at the American Craft Exposition, the Craftsmen's Choice Award at the Smithsonian Craft Show, and the Award of Excellence in Craft at the Westchester Craft Show. More recently, Cliff has shown his work at the Palm Beach Show, held every year at the Palm Beach County Convention Center. He also continues to show his work at the Philadelphia Museum of Art Craft Show. He lives in Stevens Township, Pennsylvania. References Literature Michael Monroe. The White House Collection of American Mamas (New York: Henry N. Abrams. 1995) Nicholas Bell, Ulysses Grant Dietz, and Andrew Wagner History in the Making: Renwick Craft Invitational 2011 (Washington, D.C. and London: Smithsonian American Art Museum in association with Scala, 2011) External links Homepage of Cliff Lee Living people 1951 births
3996953	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20Kelley	Oliver Kelley	Oliver Kelley may refer to: Oliver Hudson Kelley, co-founders of the National Grange of the Order of Patrons of Husbandry Oliver K. Kelley, American automotive engineer See also Oliver Kelly, Roman Catholic archbishop
5390150	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert%20Rance	Hubert Rance	Major General Sir Hubert Elvin Rance (17 July 1898 – 24 January 1974) was a British politician who was the last Governor of British Burma between 1946 and 1948, during the transition from Japanese to British colonial administration. Later he became Governor of Trinidad and Tobago. Career to 1945 Rance was educated at Wimbledon College, joined the British Army in 1916 and fought in the First World War with the Worcestershire Regiment. Later he transferred to the Signal Corps and in the Second World War played a part in the evacuation of Dunkirk in a senior role with the British Expeditionary Force. He also held senior War Office posts directing army training. Burma In 1945 he was appointed Director of Civil Affairs in Burma, restoring British control after Japanese forces withdrew. Sir Reginald Dorman-Smith was appointed Governor in 1946, but British Prime Minister Attlee, advised by The 1st Viscount Mountbatten of Burma, soon decided that Rance should replace him. Dorman-Smith's imprisonment of a popular nationalist leader, Aung San, had provoked anger and the threat of rebellion against the British, while Rance had a more conciliatory approach. British policy started to move away from an attempt at a slow, gradual transition to independence, and it was decided that Rance should co-operate with Aung San and his Anti-Fascist People's Freedom League. Aung San was believed to be less hostile to British interests, and less radical in his nationalism than some other political figures, like the communists, for example. Rance became Governor on the last day of August 1946, and on 27 January 1947 Attlee made an agreement with Aung San that independence would come as soon as possible, with elections in April. British hopes of a smooth handover of power allowing the UK to retain some influence were threatened when Aung San was assassinated in July 1947. Rance's prompt action in making U Nu the Prime Minister within hours is believed to have been a decisive factor in avoiding greater upheaval. In a formal ceremony on 4 January 1948, Governor Rance handed over to Sao Shwe Thaik, 1st President of Burma, while Nu continued as Prime Minister. By the time he left Burma, Rance had retired from the army. His formal title was Major General Sir Hubert Elvin Rance, GBE, CB, and in 1948 he was made a GCMG. New Burma Government honorably awarded Agga Maha Thray Sithu title to him as one of the foremost holders. West Indies He acted as British governor of Trinidad and Tobago between 19 April 1950 and June 1955. He is author of two reports published by the Colonial Office in London in 1950: Development and welfare in the West Indies, 1947-49 and Report of the British Caribbean Standing Closer Association Committee, 1948-49 and in May 1956 he published an article on Burma’s Economic Problems in the Eastern World. Hubert Rance Street in Vistabella, San Fernando, Trinidad and Tobago was named in his honour. Rance died on 24 January 1974 at the age of 75. References Sources Clive Christie, The Karens in Turbulent Times and Enduring People (2000) ed. Jean Michaud William Roger Louis, Dissolution of the British Empire in The Oxford History of the British Empire (1999) ed. Brown, Louis, Low Burma: The Curse of Independence (2001) British in Burma (Encyclopædia Britannica) King's College Military Archives DNB articles on U Nu and Dorman-Smith Further reading Time magazine describes Rance's departure from Burma History of Myanmar Governors of Trinidad and Tobago 1898 births 1974 deaths Burma in World War II Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George Knights Grand Cross of the Order of the British Empire Companions of the Order of the Bath British Army generals British Army personnel of World War I British Army personnel of World War II Administrators in British Burma Worcestershire Regiment officers People educated at Wimbledon College Royal Corps of Signals officers
3996954	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon%20EF%2028-105mm%20lens	Canon EF 28-105mm lens	The Canon EF 28–105 mm 4–5.6 is an inexpensive zoom lens often included as a kit lens with Canon 35 mm single-lens reflex cameras. 28–105 mm is a standard wide to telephoto zoom range. The Canon EF 28–105 mm 3.5–4.5 USM is a higher quality zoom lens with a better build quality. Currently every version of this lens is discontinued. Some versions of the lens may include the word macro or a flower icon which indicates macro capability, however due to the 1:5.2 image magnification ratio it cannot be considered as a true macro lens. EF 28–105mm 3.5–4.5 USM This lens is a well-regarded consumer-grade lens. Its focus motor is ring USM, resulting in quick and quiet autofocus operation; this motor also allows the lens to offer full-time manual focusing. The lens uses internal focusing so the inner lens barrel does not rotate when focusing. This lens uses a "duo cam" type zoom barrel, this allows a more compact design, but still does not rotate while zooming. This duo cam type zoom barrel is illustrated with the following two pictures: There are three versions of this lens. The original lens had a five-blade diaphragm, 15 elements and was manufactured in Japan until 1999. The second version (from 1999 to 2002) featured an improved 7 blade aperture, same 15 elements in 12 groups optical formula, with metal replacing plastic on many of the zoom components and "MACRO" instead of a flower marking the side. Initially there was no "II" marking on the bezel, but "LENS MADE IN JAPAN" was clearly stamped on the opposite side of the bezel., later Japanese production was marked "II USM" and "Made in Japan". These versions are considered the most collectable, as they were still manufactured in the primary lens factory in Japan. The third version (from 2003 to 2010) was manufactured and assembled in Taiwan with a 7 blade aperture, MACRO on the side, a textured case, "II" added to the description on the bezel. "Made in Taiwan" was stamped on the base of the lens. There was a final variation during the last 3 years of production where they replaced all of the gold lettering on the case with all white lettering (to cut costs). EF 28–105mm 4–5.6 USM These are two inexpensive versions of the 28–105mm, cosmetically similar to the EF-S 18–55mm or the 90–300mm lenses which have the characteristic rubber grip on the barrel. While retailing for around $100 less, these lenses have a decreased f-stop range and cheaper build quality (with a chrome-plated ring). The first 4–5.6 version has a DC motor for autofocus, while the second version uses a micro-USM, instead of ring USM that the 3.5–4.5 models use. Specifications References External links Canon EF lenses Canon kit lenses
5390156	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Stanley%20Gardiner	John Stanley Gardiner	John Stanley Gardiner (1872–1946) was a British zoologist. Biography Stanley, as he was known, was the younger son of John Jephson Gardiner and Sarah McTier. He was born in Jordanstown (Belfast) in 1872 – two years after his brother Arthur. Jephson was a member of the Anglican clergy and, at the time of his marriage to Sarah in 1868, was chaplain to Lord Dufferin at Carrickfergus (near Belfast). Stanley's mother died five months after he was born and in 1874, he and Arthur were taken by their father to England. They initially lived in Marshfield, Wiltshire, with Jephson having the position of Curate there. In 1876, Jephson and his two sons moved to Wonersh, near Guildford, Surrey. There Arthur and Stanley were pupils at a boarding school at 108 High Street, Guildford. Stanley attended Marlborough College from January 1885 until July 1890. While there "his critical thinking was shaped by the science masters and where he was a great supporter of the school's Natural History Society". Stanley won an exhibition to Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge and became a member of the college in 1891. He studied zoology and graduated in 1894 with a first class degree in Natural Sciences. He played hockey for Cambridge in 1894. The period from 1896 to 1909 was spent by Stanley in doing field work in coral research. He spend considerable time in remote locations in the Indian Ocean as a member of three expeditions. He was particularly fascinated by marine biology and in 1896, aged 26, he joined the Royal Society Expedition to Funafuti in the Ellice Islands in the Pacific. This must have been a very formative experience for thereafter he devoted much of his research to the scleractinian corals and the environmental factors influencing their distribution. This research encompassed not only the identification and taxonomy of corals but also studies of their growth rates and feeding biology. Much of his subsequent work was carried out in the Indian Ocean, first of all in the Laccadives and Maldives and then through expeditions to the Chagos Archipelago, Seychelles, Amirantes, Coetivy, Cargados Carajos, Farquhar, Providence, St. Pierre and Mauritius. He was certainly an early pioneer in coral reef research not only in terms of his careful observational work on Indian Ocean reefs, many of whom have not been revisited by modern scientists, but also in the wide range of research he undertook into the biology of corals. A significant element of his legacy to coral reef research lies in his contribution to the Great Barrier Reef Expedition of 1928–29. This was a major expedition, led by a British scientist, C.M. Yonge, appointed and funded as a result of Gardiner's initiatives. The expedition proved to be a turning point in coral reef science with far reaching results that are still cited by reef workers in their publications today. Many of the key questions asked by the expedition were based on Gardiner's initial research in the Indian Ocean. Gardiner became Professor of Zoology in Cambridge in 1909 and retained this position until 1937. During this period recognition of Gardiner's contribution to marine science, and coral reef research in particular, was evident through his presentation of the Murchison Award of the Royal Geographical Society in 1902; his admission to the Fellowship of the Royal Society in 1908; his award of the Agassiz Medal of the American National Academy of Science in 1929, the Linnean Medal of the Linnean Society of London in 1936 and the Darwin Medal of the Royal Society in 1944. A listing of some of his major publications can be found in his obituary by Forster Cooper as well as in the article detailing his legacy to reef science referenced below. Family Stanley married Rachel Florence Denning on 12 September 1900. They were married at All Souls' Church in Marylebone, London. Sadly, Rachel died in March 1901 from a miscarriage ("abortus" on her death certificate). Stanley remarried in 1909. His wife was Edith Gertrude Willcock. She attended Newnham College, Cambridge from 1900 to 1904 and received a doctoral degree from the University of Dublin. (Apparently at the time, women could not receive doctoral degrees in England). Edith was a chemist and did some pioneering research work with radium – although, typical of that time, her male colleagues received the credit. Edith and Stanley had two daughters – Nancy Emma Gardiner born in 1911 and Joyce Critchley Gardiner born in 1913. Their daughter Nancy died young at the age of 45. She was married but had no children. Joyce, an accomplished painter, married and had three children. Stanley and Edith lived at Bredon House, Cambridge. In 1965, this became the administrative offices for the newly founded Wolfson College. Stanley died in 1946 and Edith followed him in 1953. Legacy Stanley Gardiner is commemorated in the scientific names of two species of lizards, Lepidodactylus gardineri and Pamelaescincus gardineri, frog Sechellophryne gardineri, and in the sea slug Tubulophilinopsis gardineri. Publications Gardiner, J. S., (1898), 'On the perforate corals collected by the author in the South Pacific', Proc. Zool. Soc. Lond., 257–276. Gardiner, J. S., (1898), 'The coral reefs of Funafuti, Rotuma and Fiji together with some notes on the structure and formation of coral reefs in general', Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 9, 417–503. Gardiner, J. S., (1903–1906) The fauna and geography of the Maldive and Laccadive Archipelagoes, being the account of the work carried on and of collections made by an expedition during the years 1899 and 1900 (2 volumes), Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, UK. Gardiner, J. S., (1901), 'On the rate of growth of some corals from Fiji', Proc. Camb. Phil. Soc. 11, 214–219. Gardiner, J. S., (1906), 'The Indian Ocean', Geog. J. 28, 313–332. Gardiner, J. S., (1907–36), 'Reports of the Percy Sladen Trust Expedition to the Indian Ocean in 1905', Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 12–19. Gardiner, J. S., (1931) Coral reefs and atolls, Macmillan, London, UK. Gardiner, J. S., (1931), 'Photosynthesis and solution in formation of coral reefs', Nature 127, 857–858. Gardiner, J. S., (1936) 'The reefs of the western Indian Ocean. I. Chagos Archipelago. II. The Mascarene Region', Trans. Linn. Soc. Lond. (2) 19, 393–436. References Further reading Forster-Cooper, C. (1945–48) 'John Stanley Gardiner' Obit. Not. Fell. R. Soc. 5:541–553 Foster, W. & McPhee, P., Professors and Portraits, Zoology 150 years 1866–2016, University of Cambridge External links Brown BE (2007). "The legacy of Professor John Stanley Gardiner FRS to reef science". Notes Rec. R. Soc. 61': 207-217. Janus: Personal papers of John Stanley Gardiner at janus.lib.cam.ac.uk 1872 births 1946 deaths Scientists from Belfast Fellows of the Royal Society People educated at Marlborough College Alumni of Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge Professors of Zoology (Cambridge, 1866) British zoologists Linnean Medallists
5390158	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Galbraith%20%28Ontario%20politician%29	Daniel Galbraith (Ontario politician)	Daniel Galbraith (February 1, 1813 – December 17, 1879) was a Canadian farmer and political figure in the province of Ontario. He represented Lanark North as a Liberal in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario from 1867 to 1872 and in Lanark North in the House of Commons of Canada from 1872 to 1879. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1813 and came to Lanark County with his family in 1821. He served as reeve for Ramsay Township and also served as warden for Lanark County. Galbraith was elected to the Ontario legislature in 1867 and reelected in 1871. He resigned his seat in 1872 to run for a seat in the federal parliament. He was also director of the Brockville and Ottawa Railway. In 1850, he married Janet McFarlane. He died while still in office in 1879. References External links 1813 births 1879 deaths Liberal Party of Canada MPs Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario Ontario Liberal Party MPPs People from Almonte, Ontario Politicians from Glasgow Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario Immigrants to Upper Canada
3996959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailor%20%28album%29	Sailor (album)	Sailor is the second studio album by American rock band Steve Miller Band, released in October 1968 by Capitol Records. It was recorded in Los Angeles, California, and was produced by the band along with Glyn Johns, who also produced the band's first album, Children of the Future. It was the last Steve Miller Band album to feature contributions by original members Boz Scaggs and Jim Peterman. Scaggs went on to a successful solo career. The album features a psychedelic and blues rock sound. Tracks "Living in the U.S.A." and "Quicksilver Girl" later received additional notice when the former was covered in 1969 by Wilmer & the Dukes and the latter was included in the popular 1984 movie The Big Chill. It was voted number 353 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000). In 2012, Edsel Records remastered the album. Track listing Personnel Steve Miller – guitar, harmonica; lead vocals (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8) Boz Scaggs – guitar, backing vocals; lead vocals (tracks 9, 10) Jim Peterman – keyboards, backing vocals; lead vocals (track 6) Lonnie Turner – bass, backing vocals Tim Davis – drums, backing vocals; lead vocals (track 3) Charts References Steve Miller Band albums 1968 albums Albums produced by Glyn Johns Capitol Records albums
5390175	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greg%20LaRocca	Greg LaRocca	Gregory Mark LaRocca (born November 10, 1972) is an American former Major League Baseball (MLB) second baseman who played for the San Diego Padres and Cleveland Indians between 2000 and 2003. He also played in the Nippon Professional Baseball league from 2004 to 2010. Biography LaRocca attended Manchester High School West in Manchester, New Hampshire and the University of Massachusetts Amherst. In 1993, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Orleans Cardinals of the Cape Cod Baseball League. He was drafted by the San Diego Padres in the 10th round (262nd overall) of the 1994 MLB Draft. Major League Baseball Minor Leagues (1994–1999) LaRocca played for Low-A Spokane Indians and High-A Rancho Cucamonga Quakes. The 1995 season was split between High-A Rancho Cucamonga Quakes and AA Memphis Chicks. The entire 1996 season was played for AA Memphis Chicks. LaRocca played all of 1997 for AA Mobile BayBears. The 1998 season was played for AAA Las Vegas Stars. LaRocca stayed in AAA Las Vegas for all of 1999 as well. San Diego Padres (2000) LaRocca started the 2000 season in AAA Las Vegas. He was a September call-up when MLB rosters expand beyond the traditional 25-man roster. LaRocca made his MLB debut on September 7, 2000. He played 13 games with a total of 27 at-bats. He accumulated 4 singles, 2 doubles, and 1 walk. His batting line for the 2000 season ended with a .222 average, .293 slugging, and .546 On Base + Slugging (OPS). LaRocca played three different infield positions in the 2000 season. 8 games at third base, 4 at shortstop, and 2 at second base with a 0.939 fielding percentage. He was released by the Padres on March 28, 2001. Cleveland Indians (2001–2003) On May 7, 2001, LaRocca signed with the Cleveland Indians. LaRocca did not play in the Majors during the 2001 season. He split the year between the AA Akron Aeros and AAA Buffalo Bisons. During the 2002 season, LaRocca split time between AAA Buffalo and the Indians. In Cleveland, he played over 21 games collecting 14 hits over 52 at bats, collecting a triple and 4 doubles. His batting line for the 2002 season ended with a .269 average, .365 slugging, and .732 OPS. La Rocca played third base, second base, and designated hitter (DH). LaRocca started and ended his 2003 season with the Bisons. He spent the last part of September with Cleveland playing in 5 games at third base and DH. He amassed 3 hits over 9 at-bats, including one double. Nippon Professional Baseball Hiroshima Carp (2004–2005) In 2004 he joined the Hiroshima Toyo Carp . At first, the signing did not attract much attention before the opening of the season. It was cheaper signing, with the Carp obtaining a middle of the order hitter that can hit the ball to all fields. When the season began, he maintained a high batting average and hit 26 homers in the first half. In the second half LaRocca did not slow down, reaching the batting average of .328, 40 home runs, 101 RBI, ranking fifth place in all three batting groups. LaRocca's .328 average was second in the league. However, he recorded 66 strikeouts for the season. In 2005 LaRocca batted 4th from the beginning and kept high batting average, but an injury to his hand caused his season to be cut to only 80 games. However, he managed to hit .303 with 18 home runs and 56 RBI. On November 18, 2005, LaRocca, along with Tom Davey , Kenny Rayborn were designated for assignment, then traded to the Yakult Swallows. Yakult Swallows (2006) In 2006, Yakult formed a strong central axis with teammates Alex Ramirez , Adam Riggs and LaRocca. The nickname "F-Brothers" was attached to the three foreign fielders by fans. The 2006 season was a success, but was sidelined in August with a knee injury that required surgery. That season, LaRocca played 103 games, batted .285, 18 home runs. On December 1, LaRocca became a free agent. He then joined the Orix Buffaloes who wanted a reliable middle of the order batter. Orix Buffaloes (2007–2010) For the 2007 season, LaRocca was appointed the starting third baseman and number 3 hitter in the order. Through the first few weeks of May, he hit .300 with 17 home runs. LaRocca broke the 55-year old NPB record of hit-by-pitches in a single season with 28. In 2008, LaRocca he complained of right elbow pain, and did not play after May 5. On May 28, the team announced that LaRocca had undergone reconstructive surgery of his right Ulnar Collateral Ligament, also known as Tommy John surgery. This surgery caused his season to come to an end, and the Buffaloes considered releasing LaRocca. In 2009, LaRocca renegotiated his contract and took a substantial salary reduction and agreed to a contract on January 28. The Buffaloes acquired Jose Fernandez to play third base, so LaRocca played first base. On opening day against the Lotte, three consecutive home runs were recorded for the first time in three years by himself and two other teammates. With Alex Cabrera and Tuffy Rhodes injured, LaRocca filled the hole of Fernández who was also injured. He was bumped to batting 4th, and hit 12 home runs. However, in the game against Softbank on July 28, he was hit by a pitch for the 100th time in his career, thirteenth in NPB history, from Masahiko Morifuku. On that HBP, LaRocca broke his right hand and was out for the remainder of the season. With LaRocca being repeatedly sidelined, the team once again considered releasing him. However, his contract was affordable, so LaRocca returned for the 2010 season. In 2010, LaRocca was mostly DH, with playing one game at first base. In a game against Rakuten on March 22, LaRocca hit a two-run home run off of Rei Nagai. However, in a game against Rakuten on April 10, he was hit by a pitch and fractured his pinky finger. However, in an effort to preserve his season, LaRocca covered the affected part of the little finger with a metal plate, attached to a shock absorbing pad from the top of the batting glove. To much success, he hit 4 home runs while fractured. However, as Aarom Baldiris began to rise, LaRocca mainly played as DH and pinch hitter. He later injured his back and was put on the disabled list on May 25. After the season, LaRocca retired from professional baseball. Retirement LaRocca was a scout for the Orix Buffaloes from 2011–2016. He scouted players from the United States to play for the NPB. LaRocca was the manager for the Granite State Games, a high school showcase in New Hampshire. LaRocca is a hitting and fielding instructor in New Hampshire for both private and team consulting. Style of play LaRocca was a middle of the order hitter that pulled the ball to left field. When he signed with Orix, he formed "big boys batting line" with Tuffy Rhodes and Alex Cabrera (including Jose Fernandez in 2009 season). When reporters asked the reasons for the strong showing at Orix, "Tuffy hits behind me, I can swing the bat carefully and I can swing the bat hard" putting trust in Rhodes. He played second, third, and first base during his career. LaRocca had good command of all positions, earning a .945 career fielding percentage at all levels. He excited fans in Japan with many diving stops and throws on the run. LaRocca was often injured in Japan due to hit by pitches and while of defense. Hit by pitch LaRocca was known in Japan as a player who was often hit by pitches. In 2007, he was hit 28 times, which is a NPB record. In seven seasons up to 2010, he has recorded 109 HBP. During this time, the number of at-bats per HBP was about 21.8 (2375 AB / 109 HBP), more than twice as much as the previous record. In 2007 he received 20 HBP in the first half of the season. Before the All-Star Game, LaRocca said "I thought that there would be no [hit by pitches] in the All-Star game", but he received a ball from Koharu Uehara in the first bat. Because there was little damage, the pitcher spread both hands to appeal for health. At the moment when he received the 25th HBP of the season from Shibuya Naoyuki on September 17 against Lotte Marines, when he passed the Japanese record set by Yoshiyuki Iwamoto, LaRocca waved hands towards the audience and also bowed. In the same year's salary negotiation, it turned out that LaRocca was hoping for an "unprecedented" incentive at the number of HBP ". Among the increase in annual salary, "treatment expenses" of injuries caused by HBP were included. Personal life September 28, 2007, the Orix team announced that it would donate 100 million yen to the Research Promotion Foundation for Spina Bifida and Hydrocephalus. LaRocca revealed how he offered the donation "I want to repay for Japan" under the influence of his wife. Greg is married to his wife, Amanda. They have two children together. They reside in New Hampshire. LaRocca has played in the Wounded Warriors Project softball game in 2016 and 2017 on the celebrity team. This game is to raise money to aid veterans who were injured in combat. Statistics Batting Performance by Year *The bold in each year is the highest in league, the Italics is the highest in NPB Records and awards Awardswards All Star : 2 times (2004: second baseman, 2007: third baseman) Records NPB Firsts First appearance: April 2, 2004, vs. Chunichi Dragons First hit: April 2, 2004 vs. Chunichi Dragons First Steal Base: April 9, 2004, Yokohama Bay Stars First home run: April 9, 2004, Yokohama Bay Stars First Hit By Pitch: April 14, 2004, Hanshin Tigers NPB Milestones 100 homers: August 28, 2007, Fukuoka Softbank Hawks 251th person in history 100 HBP: July 28, 2009 Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks 13th in history (the fastest in history) NPB Records Season 28 HBP (2007, Japan professional baseball record) 1 inning 2 home runs: May 11, 2006, Seibu Lions (17th in history) All-Star game participation: 2 times (2004, 2007) Jersey numbers 20 (2000) 62 (2002–2003) 43 (2004–2005) 29 (2006) 30 (2007–2010) References External links 1972 births Living people Baseball players from New York (state) Major League Baseball infielders Orleans Firebirds players Akron Aeros players Buffalo Bisons (minor league) players San Diego Padres players Cleveland Indians players Hiroshima Toyo Carp players Tokyo Yakult Swallows players Orix Buffaloes players American expatriate baseball players in Japan UMass Minutemen baseball players Las Vegas Stars (baseball) players Memphis Chicks players Mobile BayBears players Rancho Cucamonga Quakes players Spokane Indians players
3996966	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter%20Trevisani	Carter Trevisani	Carter Vincent James Trevisani (born June 15, 1982 in Hamilton, Ontario) is a professional ice hockey player, currently playing for the HC Asiago of the Serie A and is a defenceman and has been named to play for Italy internationally four times. Playing career Junior Trevisani was recruited to play collegiate hockey for Ohio State University of the Central Collegiate Hockey Association for the 2000-01 season. After only ten games into his freshman year, Carter left Ohio State to play more regularly at the major junior level for the Ottawa 67's of the OHL from 2000-2003. During his tenure with the 67's Trevisani was drafted 244th overall by the Carolina Hurricanes in the 2001 NHL Entry Draft. Professional After not catching on with the Hurricanes or any other NHL team, Trevisani went to play in Italy's Serie A first two seasons with A.S. Mastini Varese Hockey and then, beginning in 2005–2006 with A.S. Asiago Hockey. Trevisani then went on to play in Sweden with Södertälje SK. At the beginning of the 2007–2008 season Trevisani returned to Italy to play with Hockey Club Junior Milano Vipers. Trevisani played the 2006–07 season in Sweden. While in Sweden his team played in the Hockey Allsvenskan Sweden's second highest ice-hockey league. Upon the completion of the season, Södertälje SK were promoted to the Elitserien, Sweden's highest ice-hockey league, for the 2007–08 season. Failing to get an extension with Södertälje Carter returned to Italy and signed with Milano Vipers for one season before joining Brunico SG for the 2008–09 season on August 18, 2008. After scoring 17 point in 41 games he was again on the move as he returned to previous club HC Asiago on August 31, 2009. International play In 1999 Trevisani participated in the Canada Winter Games as a member of the Ontario Under-17 team. In 2006 Trevisani represented Italy at the 2006 Winter Olympics and continues to play for the Italian National team in various international competitions. Personal As a youngster also played golf and basketball. Trevisani played on the Wilson Golf Tour for four summers. Post Hockey Career Having retired from professional hockey, Carter Trevisani now resides in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada with his wife, daughter and son. Since retirement, An avid golfer Trevisani has finished top four in several regional golf tournaments and was even featured in ClubLink life magazine. Career statistics Regular season and playoffs International Awards Named Rookie for the year with the Kitchener Dutchmen - 1998 Named Greater Ontario Junior Hockey League Defenseman of the Year - 2000 Member of OHL Champion Ottawa 67's - 2000–01 Allsvenskan to Elitserien Promotion with Södertälje SK - 2006–07 References External links Södertälje Player Profile 1982 births Akwesasne Warriors players Asiago Hockey 1935 players Canadian people of Italian descent Carolina Hurricanes draft picks HC Milano players HC Pustertal Wölfe players HC Varese players Ice hockey people from Ontario Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics Italian ice hockey defencemen Living people Olympic ice hockey players of Italy Ottawa 67's players Södertälje SK players Sportspeople from Hamilton, Ontario
5390191	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty%20of%20Tours	Treaty of Tours	The Treaty of Tours was an attempted peace agreement between Henry VI of England and Charles VII of France, concluded by their envoys on 28 May 1444 in the closing years of the Hundred Years' War. The terms stipulated the marriage of Charles VII's niece, Margaret of Anjou, to Henry VI, and the creation of a truce of two years – later extended – between the kingdoms of England and France. In exchange for the marriage, Charles wanted the English-held area of Maine in northern France, just south of Normandy. Henry VI married the fifteen-year-old Margaret in April 1445; he did not, however, give up Maine immediately. This clause was initially kept secret, as the cession of this strategically important province was likely to cause a public backlash in England. Charles threatened Henry VI and sent envoys to pressure him; even Margaret tried to persuade Henry to give it up. Henry eventually yielded in 1448 when Charles VII threatened English garrisons with a large army. The treaty was seen as a major failure for England as the bride secured for Henry VI was a poor match, being Charles VII's niece only through marriage, and was otherwise related to him by blood only distantly. Her marriage also came without a dowry, as Margaret was the daughter of the impoverished Duke René of Anjou, and Henry was also expected to pay for the wedding. Henry believed the treaty was a first step towards a lasting peace, while Charles intended to use it purely for military advantage. The truce collapsed in 1449 and England quickly lost what remained of its French lands, bringing the Hundred Years' War to an end. The failure of the treaty of Tours and the renewal of hostilities brought down the English government of the day. Its consequences exacerbated rifts between the court's Beaufort faction and the dukes of Gloucester and York, and has been considered a potentially contributory factor to the outbreak of the Wars of the Roses. Context In 1444, the Hundred Years' War (1337–1453) had now raged for more than a century between the houses of Valois and Plantagenet, who fought for control of the throne of France. The French under King Charles VII had gained ground dramatically after the intervention of Joan of Arc in 1429 and the dissolution of the alliance between England and the Duchy of Burgundy, a French vassal, in 1435. The English king, Henry VI, who came of age in 1437, was an incompetent ruler and war leader. The French held the initiative, and, by 1444, English rule in France was limited to Normandy in the north and a strip of land in Gascony in the southwest, while Charles VII ruled over Paris and the rest of France with the support of most of the French regional nobility. The English territories in France could not withstand more taxation, whereas the English state was nearing bankruptcy. The English political establishment believed that an agreement would have to be reached with the French and that concessions would have to be made, with the exception of the king's uncle, Humphrey, Duke of Gloucester – then the heir to the throne – who advocated for continued military presence in France to preserve England's possessions there. A truce would provide the English a much needed break from hostilities. For the French, it would give them time to strengthen their armies in preparation for a possible resumption of the war, and prevent any hypothetical renewal of the Anglo-Burgundian alliance. Treaty It is unclear which side had the initiative to propose discussions, but by January 1444 the English council decided to open talks with the French. In 1444, Henry VI, Charles VII, and Duke Philip of Burgundy reached an agreement that their commissioners should meet at Tours to discuss peace terms and a possible marriage alliance between England and France. The English embassy was headed by William de la Pole, Earl of Suffolk, who on 1 February was dispatched to France. The French delegation was led by Jean de Dunois. In March 1444, Suffolk landed in France and in April, he met with the French embassy. The English offered to drop Henry VI's claim to French throne in exchange for Normandy without French suzerainty, but this was rejected. The English in turn rejected French demands that landowners who fled the English occupation be restored to their possessions. Negotiations bogged down, the French refusing any significant concessions. Suffolk formally requested the hand of Margaret of Anjou, daughter of René of Anjou (brother in law to Charles VII) as a wife for Henry. Rene agreed, but insisted that he had no money and could not provide the customary dowry, when the amount that should have been given was 20,000 livres. He demanded that in exchange for the marriage and a proposed 21-month truce in the War, England return to France the lands of Maine and Anjou. Suffolk knew that this would not be popular in England, but Henry insisted on the truce, having heard that the Count of Nevers was preparing to offer marriage to Margaret himself. The marriage was not considered advantageous to England since Margaret was not a close relation to Charles VII, and was related only through the marriage of her father to the King's sister. The English had optimistically thought that a marriage alliance would turn René of Anjou into a major advocate for peace at his brother-in-law's court. For Charles VII however, a marriage between his niece and the English King would prevent the English from concluding a marriage alliance with one of his more rebellious nobles, the Count of Armagnac having already made proposals previously. An alliance with the impoverished house of Anjou was less beneficial to the English than one with the house of Armagnac. Another factor cited as a diplomatic blunder was Suffolk's failure to include Brittany and Aragon in the list of Henry VI's allies on the truce, and allowing Charles VII to place Brittany in his own. All of the concessions in the treaty were made by England and France got the better end of the truce. Henry believed it was a first step towards a lasting peace; Charles intended to use it purely for military advantage. Additionally, the blame of the unfavorable request to return Maine and Anjou to the French was laid at Suffolk's feet, though he insisted that he had made no promises at the Treaty to that demand. Suffolk brought the new queen back to England later that year to meet the king. When she landed in England, the King dressed himself as a squire and brought a letter supposed to be from the King so that he could watch Margaret in secret. When Suffolk asked later what she thought of the squire, the queen stated that she did not notice him at all. Suffolk told her that she had just been with the King, and she was upset, realizing she'd kept him on his knees the entire time he read the letter. The Treaty of Tours was to expire in April 1446, and England sought to extend it in order to find a longer-lasting peace with France. This was perhaps undermined by the fact that Henry VI refused to cede the lands of Maine and Anjou until 1448, and only then on threat of military force from Charles VII. Aftermath in England In England, the cession of Maine was expected to garner opposition principally by two powerful men: the Earl of Somerset, who was the greatest landowner in, and the governor of, Maine, and the Duke of Gloucester, who opposed territorial concessions to the French and whose opposition to the peace process was well known. Although Gloucester congratulated the Duke of Suffolk in parliament in June 1445 for his role in the peace process, he soon after helped flare up tensions by sending (12 July) a gift to the King of Aragon – the archenemy of Henry VI's new father-in-law René of Anjou. Just a few days later (15 July), probably as a response for this, Suffolk and Henry VI humiliated Gloucester in front of French ambassadors, the latter signaling his disdain for his uncle's political inclinations and the former telling them (in the king's presence) later on that Gloucester counted for nothing on government policy. The possibility that Gloucester could serve as a figurehead for embittered war veterans and other opponents of the regime led Suffolk to instigate his arrest on charges of treason in early 1447. The imprisoned duke died shortly afterwards, probably of a stroke, though there were rumors that he had been murdered. The Earl of Somerset was brought on board of the cessation of Maine by being offered the governorship of Normandy. However, it was already expected that the office would be held by the Duke of York. For the Duke of Suffolk, the easiest way to get York out of the way was to discredit him politically. In late 1446, a violent altercation in parliament between Suffolk's ally bishop Adam Moleyns and the Duke of York over allegations of the latter's misconduct as lieutenant-general discredited York politically and provided the justification for York's dismissal. York was mollified by being appointed governor of Ireland. He was nonetheless enraged at his treatment, which alienated Suffolk's regime from a hitherto supporter. The truce of Tours collapsed in 1449 and the French then proceeded to conquer Normandy with ease. The Duke of Suffolk, politically discredited over the failure of his signature achievement, was impeached and murdered in 1450. His demise paved the way for Somerset to replace him as the court favourite. In the following years York, slighted over his previous treatment and seeing the collapse of English France under Somerset's tenure as damaging to his honor, would tirelessly lobby for Somerset's removal from power, accusing him of incompetence and embezzlement. Their feud was a crucial factor in the escalation of tensions that led to the Wars of the Roses. Citations References 1444 in England 1440s in France 1440s treaties England–France relations France–United Kingdom relations Treaty Marriage, unions and partnerships in England Treaties of medieval England Treaties of the Kingdom of France
5390195	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Med-Vet-Net	Med-Vet-Net	Med-Vet-Net was a European Network of Excellence for zoonosis research. The Network officially commenced on 1 September 2004 until 31 October 2009. It was funded for five years at a cost of €14.4 million (£10 million) by the European Union (EU) 6th Framework Programme, within the ‘Quality and Safety of Food’ Priority Area. Zoonoses are diseases that are naturally transmitted from animals to man. Med-Vet-Net aimed to develop a network of excellence for the integration of veterinary, medical and food scientists, in the field of food safety, at the European Level, in order to improve research on the prevention and control of zoonoses, including food-borne diseases. The Network also aimed to take into account the public health concerns of consumers and other stakeholders throughout the food chain. Med-Vet-Net comprised 15 partners across Europe and over 300 scientists. The institutes involved consisted of eight veterinary, seven public health institutes and one learned society from 10 European countries. All partner institutes had national reference laboratory-based responsibilities for the prevention and control of zoonoses. Med-Vet-Net Association Following the end of EU funding the Med-Vet-Net Association was officially launched in October 2009 to continue work started within the former Network of Excellence. The self-funded Association, currently comprises 14 European research institutes. (Austria) Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety (AGES) (Belgium) Veterinary and Agrochemical Research Centre (VAR) (Associate Member) (Denmark) Statens Serum Institut (SSI) (Denmark) Technical University of Denmark (Vet-DTU) (Food-DTU) (France) Agence nationale de securite sanitaire de l'alimentation, de l'environnement et du travail (ANSES) (Formerly AFSSA) (Germany) Federal Institute for RiskAssessment \| Bundesinstitut für Risikobewertung (BfR) (Hungary) Veterinary Medical Research Institute (VMRI) (Italy) Central Public Health Institute in Italy \| Istituto Superiore di Sanita (ISS) (NL) Wageningen Bioveterinary Research (WBVR) (formerly Central Veterinary Institute; CVI) of Wageningen University & Research (WUR) (NL) National Institute for Public Health and the Environment \| Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheit en Milieu (RIVM) (Norway) Norwegian Veterinary Institute \| Veterinærinstituttet (NVI) (Poland) National Veterinary Research Institute \| Państwowy Instytut Weterynaryjny - Państwowy Instytut Babdwczy (PIWET) (Spain) The Complutense University of Madrid \| Complutense University Madrid (UCM) (Spain) Institute of Public Health in Spain \| Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII) (Sweden) National Veterinary Institute \| Statens Veterinärmedicinska Anstalt (SVA) (UK) Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency (AHVLA) External links Med-Vet-Net website Animal disease control Medical research organizations Zoonoses
5390196	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20highways%20numbered%2053	List of highways numbered 53	The following highways are numbered 53: Cambodia National Road 53 (Cambodia) Canada Alberta Highway 53 India National Highway 53 (India) Ireland N53 road (Ireland) Japan Japan National Route 53 Korea, South National Route 53 (South Korea) Mexico Mexican Federal Highway 53 New Zealand New Zealand State Highway 53 Norway (, ) Philippines N53 highway (Philippines) Turkey , a motorway in Turkey connecting with İskenderun, Hatay Province. United Kingdom British A53 (Shrewsbury-Buxton) British M53 (Wallasey-Chester) United States Interstate 53 (former proposal) U.S. Route 53 Alabama State Route 53 Arkansas Highway 53 California State Route 53 Colorado State Highway 53 Connecticut Route 53 Florida State Road 53 County Road 53 (Lafayette County, Florida) County Road 53 (Madison County, Florida) Georgia State Route 53 Idaho State Highway 53 Illinois Route 53 Indiana State Road 53 Iowa Highway 53 (1926-1949) (former) K-53 (Kansas highway) Kentucky Route 53 Louisiana Highway 53 Louisiana State Route 53 (former) Maryland Route 53 Massachusetts Route 53 M-53 (Michigan highway) County Road 53 (Anoka County, Minnesota) County Road 53 (Hennepin County, Minnesota) County Road 53 (Ramsey County, Minnesota) Mississippi Highway 53 Missouri Route 53 Nebraska Highway 53 Nebraska Link 53A Nebraska Link 53B Nebraska Link 53C Nebraska Link 53E Nevada State Route 53 (former) New Jersey Route 53 County Route 53 (Bergen County, New Jersey) County Route 53 (Monmouth County, New Jersey) County Route 53 (Ocean County, New Jersey) New Mexico State Road 53 New York State Route 53 County Route 53 (Cattaraugus County, New York) County Route 53 (Chautauqua County, New York) County Route 53 (Delaware County, New York) County Route 53 (Dutchess County, New York) County Route 53 (Franklin County, New York) County Route 53 (Greene County, New York) County Route 53 (Jefferson County, New York) County Route 53 (Madison County, New York) County Route 53 (Monroe County, New York) County Route 53 (Montgomery County, New York) County Route 53 (Oneida County, New York) County Route 53 (Onondaga County, New York) County Route 53A (Onondaga County, New York) County Route 53 (Orange County, New York) County Route 53 (Orleans County, New York) County Route 53 (Otsego County, New York) County Route 53 (Putnam County, New York) County Route 53 (Rensselaer County, New York) County Route 53 (Rockland County, New York) County Route 53 (Saratoga County, New York) County Route 53 (Suffolk County, New York) County Route 53 (Sullivan County, New York) County Route 53 (Ulster County, New York) County Route 53A (Ulster County, New York) County Route 53 (Warren County, New York) County Route 53 (Westchester County, New York) County Route 53 (Wyoming County, New York) North Carolina Highway 53 North Dakota Highway 53 Ohio State Route 53 Oklahoma State Highway 53 Oklahoma State Highway 53A Oregon Route 53 Pennsylvania Route 53 South Carolina Highway 53 South Dakota Highway 53 Tennessee State Route 53 Texas State Highway 53 Texas State Highway Spur 53 Farm to Market Road 53 (former) Texas Park Road 53 (former) Utah State Route 53 Vermont Route 53 Virginia State Route 53 West Virginia Route 53 West Virginia Route 53 (1920s) (former) Wisconsin Highway 53 (former) Territories: Puerto Rico Highway 53
5390197	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assumption%20High%20School%20%28Iowa%29	Assumption High School (Iowa)	Assumption High School (AHS) is a Roman Catholic high school in the Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport in the U.S. state of Iowa. Bridget Murphy is the current principal of Assumption High. In 1958, AHS opened its doors as a co-institutional facility, with the merger of St. Ambrose Academy and Immaculate Conception Academy. AHS became coeducational in 1969. Academics AHS offers AP classes and dual-enrollment college courses on campus. The majority of the school's upperclassmen take the ACT, and their scores consistently rank above the Iowa and national averages. Most Assumption students come from Catholic feeder schools, such as St. Paul the Apostle (Panthers), John F. Kennedy (Crusaders), Lourdes (Lancers), & All Saints (Saints). Faculty and staff AHS's faculty is made up of mostly lay teachers with priests and nuns teaching several religion courses. Many hold master's degrees in education or content areas, and all meet the criteria for the Iowa teaching standards. Student life and activities AHS provides activities beyond the classroom. More than two-thirds of the student body participates in at least one sport, and many people join clubs as well. Athletics Davenport Assumption participates in the Mississippi Athletic Conference, and athletic teams are known as the Knights. School colors are red and white. The school fields athletic teams in 17 sports, including: Summer: Baseball, softball. Fall: Football, volleyball, boys' cross country, girls' cross country and boys' golf. Winter: Boys' basketball, girls' basketball and wrestling. Spring: Boys' track and field, girls' track and field, boys' soccer, girls' soccer, girls' golf, boys' tennis and girls' tennis. Davenport Assumption is classified as a 3A school (Iowa's second-largest tier of high schools), according to the Iowa High School Athletic Association and Iowa Girls' High School Athletic Union; in sports where there are fewer divisions, the Knights are in either the lowest or middle class, depending on the sport (e.g., Class 2A for wrestling and boys' soccer; Class 1A for tennis and girls' soccer). However, Assumption competes in the largest class (Class 4A) for boys' golf. The school is a member of the 10-team Mississippi Athletic Conference (known to locals as the MAC), which comprises schools from the Iowa Quad Cities (Bettendorf, Davenport Central, Davenport North, Davenport West, North Scott, Pleasant Valley), along with Burlington, Clinton and Muscatine high schools. Successes Throughout the school's history, Davenport Assumption has enjoyed great success in many of its sports, earning many MAC conference titles and producing all-state athletes who have enjoyed success at the collegiate level and in their careers. Assumption has won numerous state titles in wrestling, baseball, softball, girls' soccer, girls' track and field, and girls' basketball. Baseball (12-time State Champions - 1953, 1982, 1992, 1993, 1995, 1999, 2004, 2006, 2008, 2014, 2018) Boys' Basketball (3-time Class 3A State Champions - 1982, 1999, 2000) Girls' Basketball (4-time State Champions - 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013) Boys' Cross Country - 1974 Class AA State Champions Girls' Cross Country - 2015 Class 3A State Champions Boys' Golf - 1954 State Champions Boys' Soccer (2-time Class 1A State Champions - 2002 2003) Girls' Soccer (10-time Class 1A State Champions - 2002, 2003, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019) Softball (3-time Class 3A State Champions - 2017, 2018, 2019) Boys' Tennis - 2012 Class 1A State Champions Girls' Track and Field (5-time Class 3A State Champions - 2013, 2014, 2015, 2016, 2017) Wrestling (5-time Class 2A State Champions - 1995, 1998, 1999, 2011, 2014) Wrestling (9-time Class 2A State Duals Champions - 1995, 1996, 1998, 1999, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2014, 2016) See also List of high schools in Iowa References External links Assumption High School Unofficial Assumption High School Athletics Site Catholic secondary schools in Iowa Educational institutions established in 1958 Roman Catholic Diocese of Davenport Schools in Davenport, Iowa 1958 establishments in Iowa
5390200	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interphalangeal%20joint	Interphalangeal joint	Interphalangeal joint may refer to: Interphalangeal articulations of hand Interphalangeal articulations of foot
5390201	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rothesay%20Bay	Rothesay Bay	Rothesay Bay is a small suburb in Auckland's East Coast Bays region. The suburb is roughly the same size as Murrays Bay, the suburb to the immediate south. The name is taken from the small inlet into the Hauraki Gulf, which can be accessed via Rothesay Bay Road. There is a rectangular piece of parkland adjoining the beach, alongside which is the Rothesay Bay Creek. To the north is situated Browns Bay, while to the south is Murray's Bay. Rothesay Bay beach is in a wind funnel and gets a sea breeze. It is currently under the local governance of the Auckland Council. Demographics Rothesay Bay covers and had an estimated population of as of with a population density of people per km2. Rothesay Bay had a population of 2,886 at the 2018 New Zealand census, an increase of 180 people (6.7%) since the 2013 census, and an increase of 273 people (10.4%) since the 2006 census. There were 960 households, comprising 1,407 males and 1,482 females, giving a sex ratio of 0.95 males per female. The median age was 39.8 years (compared with 37.4 years nationally), with 558 people (19.3%) aged under 15 years, 561 (19.4%) aged 15 to 29, 1,368 (47.4%) aged 30 to 64, and 399 (13.8%) aged 65 or older. Ethnicities were 79.4% European/Pākehā, 4.7% Māori, 1.8% Pacific peoples, 17.9% Asian, and 2.9% other ethnicities. People may identify with more than one ethnicity. The percentage of people born overseas was 43.0, compared with 27.1% nationally. Although some people chose not to answer the census's question about religious affiliation, 57.7% had no religion, 33.9% were Christian, 0.6% were Hindu, 0.5% were Muslim, 0.4% were Buddhist and 1.0% had other religions. Of those at least 15 years old, 876 (37.6%) people had a bachelor's or higher degree, and 165 (7.1%) people had no formal qualifications. The median income was $43,200, compared with $31,800 nationally. 708 people (30.4%) earned over $70,000 compared to 17.2% nationally. The employment status of those at least 15 was that 1,191 (51.2%) people were employed full-time, 420 (18.0%) were part-time, and 66 (2.8%) were unemployed. Notable residents Chris Rankin who played Percy Weasley in the Harry Potter film series grew up in Rothesay Bay until he was 6 years old. References External links Walk ends in tragedy – Stuff.co.nz Photographs of Rothesay Bay held in Auckland Libraries' heritage collections. Suburbs of Auckland North Shore, New Zealand Bays of the Auckland Region East Coast Bays
5390216	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincula%20tendina	Vincula tendina	Within each osseo-aponeurotic canal, the tendons of the flexor digitorum superficialis and flexor digitorum profundus are connected to each other, and to the phalanges, by slender, tendinous bands, called vincula tendina. Structure There are around three to seven vincula for each flexor tendon. Vincula tendina can be classified into two types according to their morphology. The vincula brevia (short), which are two in number in each finger, and consist of triangular bands of fibers, one connecting the tendon of the flexor digitorum superficialis to the front of the first interphalangeal joint and head of the first phalanx, and the other the tendon of the flexor digitorum profundus to the front of the second interphalangeal joint and head of the second phalanx. The vincula longa (long and slender), one which connects the flexor digitorum superficialis to the base of the first phalanx, and the other which connects the under surfaces of the tendons of the flexor digitorum profundus to those of the subjacent flexor digitorum superficialis after the tendons of the former have passed through the latter. Function The vincula tendina carry blood supply to the flexor digitorum superficialis and profundus tendons. The vincula breve helps facilitate digital flexion following injury to the distal flexor digitorum profundus tendon. Additional images References Upper limb anatomy
5390222	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sinemorets	Sinemorets	Sinemorets (; also Sinemorec, Sinemoretz, "place on the blue sea") is a village and seaside resort on the Black Sea coast of Bulgaria. Etymology The current name dates back to 1934; prior to that, the village was known as Galazáki (in Greek, meaning "little blue") or Kalanca (in Turkish). Geography Located in the very southeast of the country close to the border with Turkey, where the river Veleka flows into the sea. Sinemorets is part of Tsarevo Municipality, Burgas Province, and has a population of 216 . It is situated in Strandzha Nature Park, which assists in its range of flora and fauna. History Ceramic fragments from the 5th-4th century BC have been found in the Potamya inlet south of the village, as well as anchors and metal casing of an ancient ships. The village was first mentioned in an Ottoman document in 1496; the population then consisted of only 16 Christian families, as the attacks of sea pirates had forced many to move to inland Strandzha. According to Austrian diplomat Wenzel von Brognard who sailed near the village, in 1766 it had 17 houses and its population mainly engaged in wooden exports. According to another westerner, Enelholm, in 1824 it had 30 houses and was located somewhat inland, with only its pier on the coast. Again, the low population and the location is explained by the attacks of the Caucasian Laz pirates. After the Balkan Wars, the village and the surrounding area were ceded to Bulgaria. According to the Mollov-Kafandaris Agreement of 1927, the entire Greek population of the village moved to Greece and was substituted with Bulgarian refugees from Eastern Thrace. In 1926, it had 68 households. Current Use The area was opened to the public in 1989 when access to the border zone was allowed, and it has since developed rapidly although efforts are still made to maintain the animal population that evolved prior to population growth. It has two lifeguarded beaches, Veleka Beach () to the north and Butamya Beach () to the south of the village. Honour Sinemorets Hill on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Sinemorets. References Further reading Villages in Burgas Province Seaside resorts in Bulgaria Populated coastal places in Bulgaria
5390230	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Pantin	Carl Pantin	Carl Frederick Abel Pantin FRS (30 March 1899 – 14 January 1967) was a British zoologist. He was educated at Tonbridge School and Christ's College, Cambridge. In 1937, he won the Trail Medal of the Linnean Society,, was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1937, won one of its Royal Medals in 1950. Pantin was president of the Linnean Society 1958 - 1961, and won the Linnean Medal, with Richard E. Holttum, in 1964. He was Professor of Zoology, Cambridge University from 1959 to 1966, and President of the Marine Biological Association from 1960 to 1966. Pantin was married to Amy Moir Philip Smith (see image of 1939 register), the sister of botanist Edith Philip Smith. Cosmo-Darwinism Pointing to the serendipitous qualities for the emergence of life of such substances as carbon and water, Pantin in 1965 postulated the existence of multiple universes, from which ours had been selected on a principle “analogous to the principle of Natural Selection” - an early anticipation of the anthropic principle. References 1899 births 1967 deaths 20th-century British zoologists Fellows of the Royal Society Royal Medal winners Presidents of the Linnean Society of London People educated at Tonbridge School Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge Professors of Zoology (Cambridge, 1866)
5390252	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Executive%20search	Executive search	Executive search (informally called headhunting) is a specialized recruitment service which organizations pay to seek out and recruit highly qualified candidates for senior-level and executive jobs across the public and private sectors, as well as non-profit organizations (e.g., President, Vice-president, CEO, and non-executive-directors). Headhunters may also seek out and recruit other highly specialized and/or skilled positions in organizations for which there is strong competition in the job market for the top talent, such as senior data analysts or computer programmers. The method usually involves commissioning a third-party organization, typically an executive search firm, but possibly a standalone consultant or consulting firm, to research the availability of suitable qualified candidates working for competitors or related businesses or organizations. Having identified a shortlist of qualified candidates who match the client's requirements, the executive search firm may act as an intermediary to contact the individual(s) and see if they might be interested in moving to a new employer. The executive search firm may also carry out initial screening of the candidate, negotiations on remuneration and benefits, and preparing the employment contract. In some markets, there has been a move towards using executive search for lower positions, driven by the fact that there are fewer candidates for some positions, even on lower levels than executive. Executive search firms An executive search firm is a type of professional service firm that specializes in recruiting executives and other senior personnel for their client companies in various industries. Executive search agents/professionals typically have a wide range of personal contacts in their industry or field of specialty; detailed, specific knowledge of the area; and typically operate at the most senior level of executive positions. Executive search professionals are also involved throughout the hiring process, conducting detailed interviews and presenting candidates to clients selectively, when they feel the candidate meets all stated requirements and would fit into the culture of the hiring firm. Executive search firms typically have long-lasting relationships with clients spanning many years, and in such cases the suitability of candidates is paramount. It is also important that such firms operate with a high level of professionalism and confidentiality. When corporate entities elect to use an outside executive search firm, it is usually because they lack the internal research resources, professional networks, or evaluative skills to properly recruit for themselves. Using an outside firm also allows the corporate entity the freedom of recruiting from competitors without doing so directly, and the ability to choose among candidates that would not be available through internal or passive sourcing methodologies. Executive search firms are national and international. Many specialize in a particular business industry sector. The contractual relationship between client and executive search firm falls into two broad categories: contingent and retained. Contingent recruiters are paid only upon the successful completion of the "search assignment." Retained recruiters are paid for the process, typically earning a recruiting fee in three stages based on the anticipated compensation of the executive. In 1959 the Association of Executive Search and Leadership Consultants (AESC) emerged to set the standards of quality and ethics for the executive search consulting trade. AESC Members range in size from large global firms and networks to boutique firms spanning more than 70 countries. Retained search High-end executive search firms get a retainer (up-front fee) to perform a specific search for a corporate officer or other senior executive position. Typically, retained searches tend to be for positions that pay upwards of US$150,000 and often far more. Search fees are typically 33.33% of the annual compensation of the recruited executive. Fee payments may be made in thirds, 1/3 of fee paid on initiation of the search, 1/3 paid thirty days later, and the final 1/3 paid thirty days later or upon placement of the candidate. Alternatively, a fixed fee may be established. Retained search firms provide a guarantee to do an assignment over if the hired candidate leaves before a stated milestone (anywhere from one year to three years), generally with the caveat there has not been a material change in the position requirements or management team. In a retained search, the fee is for the time and expertise of the search firm. The firm is employed to conduct the entire recruitment effort from startup until the candidate has started working. There are many considerations taken into account when organizations determine whether to hire a retained or other type of search firm, including time and financial resources available, goals of the position search (such as diversity factors), and the importance of discretion and confidentiality. Retained recruiters work for the organizations who are their clients, not for job candidates seeking employment, in some countries, such as the UK, recruiters are not legally permitted to charge candidates. In the U.S. job candidates may pay an up front retainer to a consulting or career counseling firms to assist them in their job search. Search firms generally commit to "off-limits" agreements. These agreements prevent a firm from approaching employees of their current clients as candidates for other clients (for instance, if a headhunter recruits the new CEO into Boeing, they will agree not to recommend Boeing executives to other companies). Since they act as management consultants working in the best interests of the clients for whom they conduct searches, it would be counterproductive to simultaneously remove talented executives from those client companies. Search firms may decline assignments from certain companies, in order to preserve their ability to recruit candidates from those companies. Some large search firms may insist on guarantees of a certain number or dollar value of searches before they will put an entire company "off-limits". Delimited or engaged search Another form of high-end executive search, delimited or engaged search, is often improperly categorized as retained search, although there are distinct differences. Similar to retained search firms, delimited/engaged search firms require an up-front fee before engaging the search. Unlike a conventional retainer, however, the delimited/engaged search commitment fee is refundable if the recruiter fails to achieve a hire or other deliverable specified in the contract. Moreover, the delimited/engaged search commitment fee does not follow the typical 1/3, 1/3, 1/3 model of retainers, but rather is a relatively small up-front fee which is discounted from the final placement fee of 25–35% of the successful candidate's first year compensation. Both retained and delimited/engaged searches involve partial payment prior to filling the job, and the contracted recruiter has the search exclusively. Therefore, the search can be customized to the client organization's needs, with the search professional providing a consultative service throughout the process. While both retained and delimited/engaged searches serve client employers rather than job-seeking executives, delimited/engaged search contracts always (as opposed to sometimes) state a future date when the project must be completed or the downpayment refunded. Contingent search As stated, contingent search firms are remunerated only upon the successful completion of the search—typically when the candidate accepts the position. These recruiters may earn from 20% to 35% of the candidate's first-year base salary or total remuneration as a hiring fee; the fee may also be calculated to include the candidate's (that is, the successful hire's) median or expected first-year bonus payout. In any case, the fee is (as always) paid by the hiring company, not the candidate/hire. Contingent firms in some markets may quote fees in the range of 12% to 20% as well. Pros and cons Clients (companies seeking to hire) often tend to work with contingent search firms when filling mid-level positions. As contingent search firms generally rely heavily on their contacts, and seldom work on an exclusive basis, it is not rare for a client to work with a large number of contingent recruiters on the same search at the same time, in order to maximize the volume of candidate (job seeker) resumes they receive. Beyond the increased volume of candidates that such an approach allows, contingent firms do not get paid until the placement is made (a candidate is successfully hired), and thus the search risk is shifted almost entirely to the search firms. Moreover, contingent search firms often work with clients on higher percentage fee basis, relative to retained and delimited search firms as they shoulder more risk. For senior level roles, clients often prefer to work with recruiters who have performed well in the past for them and usually will end up in the hands of a retained or delimited recruiter. By working exclusively with one firm on such searches, the client generally develops a much deeper relationship with the recruiter, and receives a much higher level of service. With all methods, retained, delimited, and contingency, clients rely on search professionals to provide not just resumes, but also insightful, consultative information about the market in general. A delimited search is often preferred by clients who are seeking a retainer-style service level, while not willing to accept the level of risk that retained search entails. While delimited search does entail up-front fees, they tend to be much smaller than total pre-placement fees that retained search entails. Moreover, delimited search professionals shoulder the risk of their own failure to execute the search within a specified timeframe, offering to refund the up-front fees in such an event. While delimited search is not as desirable for searches that are open-ended in nature, the "ticking clock" is often seen by clients as an incentive that motivates delimited search recruiters to stay more active and involved throughout the hiring process. See also Employment agency List of executive search firms Onboarding Personnel selection Recruitment References Recruitment Management consulting pl:Headhunter
5390254	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agathis%20%28disambiguation%29	Agathis (disambiguation)	Agathis may refer to: Agathis, a genus of evergreen trees Agathis (wasp), a genus of braconid wasps
3996971	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Administrative%20divisions%20of%20India	Administrative divisions of India	The administrative divisions of India are subnational administrative units of India; they are composed of a nested hierarchy of country subdivisions. Indian states and territories frequently use different local titles for the same level of subdivision (e.g., the mandals of Andhra Pradesh and Telangana correspond to tehsils of Uttar Pradesh and other Hindi-speaking states but to talukas of Gujarat, Goa, Karnataka, Kerala, Maharashtra, and Tamil Nadu). The smaller subdivisions (villages and blocks) exist only in rural areas. In urban areas, urban local bodies exist instead of these rural subdivisions. Tiers of India The diagram below outlines the six tiers of government: Zones and regions Zones The states of India have been grouped into six zones having an Advisory Council "to develop the habit of cooperative working" among these States. Zonal Councils were set up vide Part-III of the States Reorganisation Act, 1956. The North Eastern States' special problems are addressed by another statutory body - The North Eastern Council, created by the North Eastern Council Act, 1971. The present composition of each of these Zonal Councils is as under: Northern Zonal Council, comprising Chandigarh, Delhi, Haryana, Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir, Ladakh, Punjab, and Rajasthan; North Eastern Council, comprising Assam, Arunachal Pradesh, Manipur, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Nagaland and Tripura; The State of Sikkim has also been included in the North Eastern Council vide North Eastern Council (Amendment) Act, 2002 notified on 23 December 2002. Central Zonal Council, comprising the States of Chhattisgarh, Madhya Pradesh, Uttarakhand and Uttar Pradesh; Eastern Zonal Council, comprising Bihar, Jharkhand, Odisha, and West Bengal; Western Zonal Council, comprising Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Goa, Gujarat, and Maharashtra; Southern Zonal Council, comprising Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Kerala, Puducherry, Tamil Nadu, and Telangana. Andaman and Nicobar Islands, Lakshadweep are not members of any of the Zonal Councils. However, they are presently special invitees to the Southern Zonal Council Cultural zones Each zone has a zonal headquarters where a zonal cultural center has been established. Several states have membership in multiple zones, but no state subdivisions are utilized in the zonal divisions. In addition to promoting the culture of the zones they are responsible for, each zonal center also works to cross-promote and create exposure to other cultural zones of India by organizing functions and inviting artistes from other zones. States and union territories India is composed of 28 states and eight union territories (including a national capital territory). The union territories are governed by administrators, appointed by the President of India. Three of these territories (Delhi, Jammu and Kashmir, Puducherry) have been given partial statehood, with elected legislatures and executive councils of ministers, with reduced powers. States Union territories Autonomous administrative divisions The Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India allows for the formation of autonomous administrative divisions which have been given autonomy within their respective states. Most of these autonomous areas are located in North East India. Autonomous district councils operating under the Sixth Schedule of the Constitution of India are shown like . Divisions Many of the Indian states are subdivided into divisions, which have official administrative governmental status, and each division is headed by a senior IAS officer called Divisional Commissioner. Currently, superdistrict administrative divisions exist in 18 of the 28 states and 3 of the 8 union territories. The states of Gujarat, Kerala, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, Sikkim, Manipur, Tripura, Mizoram and Goa, and the union territories of Dadra and Nagar Haveli and Daman and Diu, Puducherry, Chandigarh, Lakshadweep and the Andaman and Nicobar Islands do not have divisions. Currently, there are a total of 102 divisions in India. \| valign="top" width="300px" \| \|} Regions within states Some states consist of regions, which have no official administrative governmental status. They are purely geographic regions; some correspond to historic countries, states or provinces. A region may comprise one or more divisions, averaging about three divisions per region. However, the boundaries of the regions and the boundaries of the divisions do not always coincide exactly. So far there has been no movement to give the regions official administrative status. If this was to be done, it would presumably require that the boundaries of the regions be slightly modified so that they correspond exactly with their constituent districts. Regions of Assam Regions of Gujarat Districts States and territories (or divisions) are further subdivided into districts (zilla), of which there are 775 (as of 2022). Each District is headed by an IAS officer called District Magistrate. Subdistricts Tehsils, talukas, subdivisions, mandals, circles, headed by a Tehsildar or Talukdar or MRO, comprise several villages or village clusters. The governmental / elected bodies at the tehsil level are called the Panchayat samiti. States use varying names for their subdistricts. Rural level Blocks The Community Development Block also known as CD Block or just block, is often the next level of administrative division (for development purposes, whereas tehsil is next to the district for revenue purposes). Villages Villages are often the lowest level of subdivisions in India. The governmental bodies at the village level are called Gram Panchayat, of which there were an estimated 256,000 in 2002. Each Gram Panchayat covers a large village or a cluster of smaller villages with a combined population exceeding 500 Gram Sabha. Clusters of villages are also sometimes called Hobli or Patti. Habitations Certain governmental functions and activities - including clean water availability, rural development, and education - are tracked at a sub-village level. These hamlets are termed "habitations". India is composed of 1,714,556 habitations In some states, most villages have a single habitation; in others (notably Kerala and Tripura) there is a high ratio of habitations to villages. Metropolitan area A metro area usually comprises multiple jurisdictions and municipalities: neighbourhoods, townships, cities, exurbs, suburbs, counties, districts, states, and even nations like the eurodistricts. As social, economic, and political institutions have changed, metropolitan areas have become key economic and political regions. Metropolitan areas include one or more urban areas, as well as satellite cities, towns, and intervening rural areas that are socio-economically tied to the urban core, typically measured by commuting patterns The metropolitan cities of India are: Mumbai, Delhi, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad, Ahmedabad and Pune. Historic Pargana Sarkar (administrative division) Subah (province) Chakla (administrative division) See also States and union territories of India Autonomous administrative divisions of India Cultural Zones of India Notes References External links Citymayors.com Community development blocks in West Bengal Administrative divisions of India
5390266	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MV%20Artania	MV Artania	MV Artania (previously Royal Princess and Artemis) is a cruise ship chartered since 2011 by Phoenix Reisen, a German-based travel agency and cruise ship operator. She was built for Princess Cruises by Wärtsilä at the Helsinki Shipyard, Finland, and was launched on 18 February 1984. At a ceremony in Southampton, England, on 15 November 1984, the ship was named Royal Princess by Diana, Princess of Wales. After entering service on 19 November 1984, she cruised as Royal Princess until April 2005, when she was transferred to the control of P&O Cruises, and was renamed Artemis. In 2011, she moved to Phoenix Reisen's fleet and was renamed Artania. In 2020, a COVID-19 outbreak on the ship led to four deaths as of 24 April 2020. History Royal Princess Royal Princess was named by Diana, Princess of Wales at a ceremony in Southampton, Hampshire on 15 November 1984. The ceremony was attended by members of the public, employees of the P&O Princess Group and local and international dignitaries including Mauno Koivisto, President of Finland. The Bishop of Southampton performed a blessing prior to the naming. The ship was the most expensive passenger ship when built. She does not have any inside cabins, which makes her the first cruise ship to have all outside cabins. Artemis She was transferred to the P&O fleet in April 2005 and renamed Artemis by Prunella Scales. Artemis was the smallest and oldest ship in the P&O cruises fleet. P&O and Princess Cruises are under the same parent company P&O Princess since 2000 and were acquired by Carnival Corporation & plc in 2003. In 2010 British captain Sarah Breton took charge of Artemis, becoming only the second female in the world to command a major cruise ship and the first for P&O, after Karin Stahre-Janson from Sweden, who took charge of of Royal Caribbean Cruises in 2007. On 22 September 2009, after numerous rumours, it was announced by P&O Cruises that the ship has been sold to a company "MS Artania Shipping" for an undisclosed sum of money. She continued to sail for P&O Cruises until 22 April 2011, when she was chartered to Phoenix Reisen as MV Artania. Artania , the vessel has undergone four overhauls at Lloyd Werft Bremerhaven. The ship has been fitted with new Wärtsilä engines, and 96 additional balconies have been added. Artania sailed under the flag of Bermuda until October 2016, her port of registry having been Hamilton. From 26 October 2016 Artania, as all other ships of Phoenix Reisen, has sailed under the flag of the Bahamas. Artania sailed the South Pacific, New Zealand and Oceania for the first part of 2017, docking at Wellington Harbour on 27 February. On 26 October 2017, Artania docked in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada, sailing north from New York as part of the autumn New England cruising schedule, departing 27 October to St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada, which was its last North American port of call before making a transatlantic crossing to Europe. Cork in Ireland was her first port of call on her way to Hamburg, Germany to commence the remaining 2017 cruise season with ports of call in Europe, Africa and the Indian Ocean. COVID-19 pandemic As of 26 March 2020, Artania was anchored off the coast of Western Australia. Health authorities reported seven confirmed coronavirus cases on board. Due to measures taken by the Government of Western Australia to contain the outbreak and, as there were no Australian passengers or crew on board, Artania was required to anchor offshore as Commonwealth forces were organised to refuel and resupply the ship before it departed. The vessel is registered in the Bahamas, and therefore was considered as a foreign vessel. Artania docked at Fremantle Harbour, Fremantle, on 27 March, and on 28 March 46 people were reported as displaying COVID-19 symptoms. Most of the 850 passengers flew home from Perth Airport to Germany on 28–29 March. 41 passengers and crew tested positive for COVID-19 and were treated in Perth private hospitals such as in Joondalup Health Campus. On 1 April, the ship had 450 crew and about a dozen passengers on board. The Australian Government had directed it to leave port, but the ship demanded to stay another 14 days, presumably so that they could be treated if COVID-19 symptoms developed. According to the Australian Attorney-General, Christian Porter, "there are still 12 passengers on board some of whom are very unwell. And their level of either illness or frailty is such that they cannot get in a plane." An update on 3 April 2020 by CNN stated that the cruise line indicated that "16 passengers, plus hundreds of crew members" remained aboard Artania. As of 7 April, two passengers aboard Artania had died from COVID-19, both in Joondalup private hospital. On 17 April, a Filipino crewman of the ship died in the Royal Perth Hospital, the youngest to date fatality in Australia due to COVID-19. On 23 April, it was reported that another passenger of the ship had died from the disease in Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, another public hospital of Perth. The outbreak from the ship was responsible for 4 deaths in Western Australia and at least 81 confirmed cases were linked to the ship. The ship departed Fremantle on 18 April. The ship planned to stop at Indonesia and the Philippines to disembark crew members and then return to Bremerhaven, Germany with the 8 passengers and a skeleton crew of 75 crew members. The ship arrived at the Port of Tanjung Priok, North Jakarta, Indonesia on 24 April. 56 crew members were disembarked from the ship and sent to quarantine in a hospital. A day later, it was reported that one more member of the crew had disembarked from the ship. Indonesian authorities tested all 57 disembarked Indonesian crew from the ship and 8 of them proved positive. On 26 April 2020, it was considered that 8 passengers and 346 crew members were still on board when Artania left Indonesian waters. The ship disembarked 236 Filipino crewmen in Manila on 1 May. The ship then headed to Bremerhaven via Singapore. On 8 June 2020, after approximately six months at sea, Artania docked in the port of Bremerhaven, Germany. All eight passengers on board were able to disembark by midday local time. References Bibliography External links Phoenix Reisen official site for Artania Professional photographs from shipspotting.com Ships of P&O Cruises Ships built in Helsinki 1984 ships Ships of Princess Cruises Cruise ships involved in the COVID-19 pandemic
5390272	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Sadeeq%20training%20camp	Al Sadeeq training camp	The Al-Sadeeq training camp is one of the training camps in Afghanistan, near Khost, that American intelligence officials have asserted were used to train individuals with ties to al Qaeda or the Taliban. Salah Muhammad Salih Al Dhabi was accused of attending the Al-Sadeeq training camp, in the factors favoring continued detention, presented to his Administrative Review Board. Al Dhabi said he did not complete his training program, stating he attended the camp, for a week, in 1997. Juma Mohammed Abdul Latif Al Dossary faced the allegation that he attended a camp called the al-Siddeek training camp in Khost. Juma al Dosari's testimony before his first annual Administrative Review Board addressed this allegation. Al Dosari acknowledged attending the Siddeek camp. He testified he attended the camp in 1989 or 1990, when he was sixteen years old. He acknowledged that he received training on the Kalashnikov and exercise. He testified that he was sent by the Saudi government. He testified that: References Al-Qaeda activities
3996975	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%27m%20Free%20%28The%20Who%20song%29	I'm Free (The Who song)	"I'm Free" is a song written by Pete Townshend and performed by the Who on the album Tommy. The song has since been released as a single, becoming one of the best known tracks from Tommy. Background Pete Townshend has claimed that the song was partly inspired by the song "Street Fighting Man" by the Rolling Stones. On "I'm Free," drummer Keith Moon only played on the breaks of the song. According to bassist John Entwistle, Moon was unable to perform the intro the way Townshend wanted, resulting in Townshend and Entwistle having to perform part of the drums. During live performances, Townshend and Entwistle were forced to signal Moon to play the song by making giant steps. Within the plot of the album, "I'm Free" tells of Tommy's vision to spiritually enlighten others due to his sudden and immense popularity. The "Pinball Wizard" riff (earlier on the album) appears at the end of the song during the "How can we follow?" part. Townshend has since noted "I'm Free" and "Pinball Wizard" as "songs of the quiet explosion of divinity. They just rolled off the pen." "I'm Free" was later released as a single in most of Europe (backed with "Tommy, Can You Hear Me?") as well as America (where it was backed with "We're Not Gonna Take It"). The single reached number 37 in the US on the Billboard Hot 100. It also reached number 20 in the Netherlands, and number 26 in Canada. Billboard described the single as an "easy beat rocker" with "much sales potency" that represented a "change of pace" from the Who's previous single "Pinball Wizard." Film and film soundtrack versions The versions of “I’m Free” recorded for the 1975 film and its soundtrack album feature The Who accompanied by Nicky Hopkins on piano and Kenney Jones playing drums. Live history This song was used in the 1969-1970 concert classic set list. It is often switched with "Sensation" on setlists, including in the movie and in the Broadway musical as Tommy rejoices at regaining his sight, voice and hearing after the shock provided by his mother. In 1975-1976, the song was reintegrated into The Who's set list. The version played at these shows featured more raucous vocals and a reworked guitar riff. In 2002, The Who played this for a stretch on their 2002 UK Tour, with a similar arrangement to the versions played on the 1975-1976 tour. However, it was dropped again by the time bassist Entwistle died. Covers and other uses In 1973, a single version sung by Roger Daltrey from the London Symphony Orchestra reached #13 in Britain. In 1988, WIYY-FM disc jockey Bob Rivers played the song to commemorate the Baltimore Orioles getting their first victory 9-0 over the Chicago White Sox after a record-setting streak of losing their first 21 games of the season, during the last ten days of which saw Rivers do a publicity stunt where he vowed to stay on the air non-stop until the Orioles won their first game, taking naps only between songs. In 1997, the Christian rock band Geoff Moore and the Distance covered this song, on the album Threads. In 2004, a cover version (combined with the instrumental "Sparks") was recorded by Neal Morse with the participation of Randy George and Mike Portnoy, it was originally released as the last track on the special edition of Neal's One album. It was re-released on the 2006 album Cover to Cover. In 2009, The Smithereens included the song on their tribute album, The Smithereens Play Tommy. The song was used in commercials for Saab in the mid-2000s. Personnel Roger Daltrey – lead vocals Pete Townshend – backing vocals, electric guitar, acoustic guitar, keyboards, drums John Entwistle – backing vocals, bass guitar, drums Keith Moon – drums References The Who songs 1969 singles Songs written by Pete Townshend Decca Records singles Track Records singles Song recordings produced by Kit Lambert 1969 songs
5390280	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Westerville%20North%20High%20School	Westerville North High School	Westerville North High School is a public high school in Westerville, Ohio in Delaware County, Ohio. It is one of three high schools in the Westerville City School District. The school's current principal is Kurt Yancey. Background The high school has been open since 1975. Westerville North's colors are cardinal and gold and its mascot is a representation of a classic Roman warrior. Students follow a moral code known as The Warrior Way, which focuses on respect for one another, parents, school and community. There are many traditions that are part of the school including seniors painting a large boulder outside the school, and walking around the school emblem in the front lobby for good luck. The high school is one of three in the Westerville school district. In the media Westerville North has occasionally received national press attention, usually for unusual events taking place at the school. An incident involving marijuana-laced Rice Krispies treats sold at a bake sale was mentioned on The Tonight Show with Jay Leno. Many news networks featured a story involving Taylor Killian, a student who oiled himself down, went streaking throughout the school, and was subsequently tased twice by Westerville police officer Doug Staysniak. The school was also mentioned in a March 2008 episode of The Daily Show with Jon Stewart, after Democratic presidential candidates appeared at rallies on the same day at Westerville North and Westerville Central. Westerville North has also received local media attention for its service to the local food bank, WARM (Westerville Area Resource Ministry). The school regularly raises over $20,000 each year to support local families in need of food, clothing, and gifts for the holidays. It also was recognized as one of Fox 28's Cool Schools. Highlights for this recognition focused on the Hydroponics program in which WNHS raises plants and herbs to donate or sell to local businesses, the show choir called the Notables, and school spirit. Ohio High School Athletic Association State championships Girls Track - 1977, 1979 - schools first OCC Championship Boys Tennis-Doubles 1985 Boys Basketball – 1994 Boys Track and Field – 1998 (tie) Boys Soccer – 1995,2003 Girls Soccer – 1990,1992 Academic honors Westerville North is listed #1205 on Newsweek's list of "America's Top High Schools" for 2010 As of 2017 Westerville North is listed as #1763 on US News High Schools Notable alumni Jeff Davidson, All Big Ten offensive lineman for Ohio State. Played in the NFL for the Denver Broncos and New Orleans Saints. Josh Harris, BGSU standout and Retired NFL Quarterback Bob Kennedy, Indiana University standout and two-time track-and-field Olympic athlete Kevin Martin, basketball player Shaun Stonerook, basketball player Ryan Wilson, track and field olympian External links Westerville North High School Streaking Incident Notes and references 8.WNHS athletics rivalry http://westervillenorthathletics.com/2017/10/02/throwdown-across-maxtown-central-at-north/ Westerville, Ohio High schools in Delaware County, Ohio Public high schools in Ohio
5390303	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gavino%20Angius	Gavino Angius	Gavino Angius (born 18 November 1946) is an Italian politician. Biography Born at Sassari (Sardinia), after the degree in Political Sciences, he became a member of the Italian Communist Party (PCI), for which he was secretary of his city's section. He was elected for the first time at the Italian Chamber of Deputies in 1987. Angius initially opposed the transformation of PCI into the more Social democratic-oriented Democratic Party of the Left (PDS, later Democrats of the Left). However, he remained in the new party while becoming a national level figure, as well as collaborator to secretary Massimo D'Alema. Confirmed as deputy in 1992 and 1994 for PDS, he was elected senator two years later. Elected again in 2001, he was named chief of the Democrats of the Left senators. Angius became one of the vice-presidents of the Italian Senate in May 2006. References 1946 births Living people People from Sassari Democratic Party (Italy) politicians 21st-century Italian politicians Italian Communist Party politicians 20th-century Italian politicians Angius Gavino Democratic Party of the Left politicians
5390314	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Bolshevik%20Bloc%20of%20Nations	Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations	Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN) was an international organization founded as a coordinating center for anti-communist and nationalist émigré political organizations from Soviet and other socialist countries. The ABN formation dates back to a conference of representatives of non-Russian peoples that took place in November 1943, near Zhytomyr as the Committee of Subjugated Nations/the Anti-Bolshevik Front on the initiative of the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. Origins In the 1930s, in the region of Galicia which at the time belonged to Poland, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists (OUN) had emerged among the Ukrainians of Galicia to fight for independence from Poland. In turn, the OUN had received support from the Abwehr, German military intelligence, in its struggle against Poland, marking the beginning of a relationship with Germany that continued into World War Two. Alfred Rosenberg, the Minister of the East, has come to identify Russia with the Soviet Union, and Russia in turn with Asia. In contrast to his hostility towards the "Asiatic" Russians, Rosenberg had great hopes of using the non-Russian peoples of the Soviet Union to raise new armies to replace the Wehrmacht's heavy losses on the Eastern Front. Rosenberg favored an approach he called "political warfare", under which Germany would support the independence of the non-Russian peoples to undermine the Soviet Union. The Zhytomyr conference which took place on 21–22 November 1943 and established the Anti-Bolshevik front was part of Rosenberg's "political warfare". The post-war claim the ABN had been founded as an anti-Nazi and anti-Communist group has no basis in reality as the ABN had founded by Rosenberg's Ostministerium. At a time when the Red Army was steadily pushing the Wehrmacht back, part of the purpose behind the Anti-Bolshevik Front was to create a framework for waging guerrilla warfare against the Soviets in territories such as Galicia that the Germans expected to lose in the near future. About the formation of the ABN in 1943, Bellant stated in a 2014 interview: "The Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists in 1943 under German sponsorship organized a multinational force to fight on behalf of the retreating German army. After the battle of Stalingrad in ’43, the Germans felt a heightened need to get more allies, and so the Romanian Iron Guard, the Hungarian Arrow Cross, the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists, and others with military formations in place to assist came together and formed the united front called the Committee of Subjugated Nations, and again worked on behalf of the German military. In 1946, they renamed it the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations or ABN. Stetsko was the leader of that until he died in 1986.I mention this in part because the OUN tries to say, well, during the war we fought the Germans and the Communists. The fact of the matter is that they were the leadership of this whole multinational alliance on behalf of the Germans the last two years of the war and in the war thereafter. All the postwar leaders of the unrepentant Nazi allies were under the leadership of Yaroslav Stetsko." The American journalist Russ Bellant described the ABN as "...the high council for the expatriate nationalist groups that formed the police, military, and militia that worked with Hitler during World War II. Some were organized as mobile killing teams that exterminated villages and sought to murder whole ethnic, racial and cultural groups". From Zhytomyr to Munich The driving force at the Zhytomyr conference was the Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists. During the conference, a platform of joint revolutionary struggles against what the participants called Russian communism was formulated. The goal of the ABN was to remove communists from power, abolish the Soviet Union and divide it into national states. Given an organizational structure in Munich in 1946 sponsored by MI6, the ABN extended its range of activity and began to include Eastern European emigration from other countries apart from Ukraine. The OUN-B faction led by Stepan Bandera had attracted many veterans of the 14th Waffen Grenadier Division of the SS (1st Galician), a Waffen-SS division mostly made up of Ukrainians from the Galicia region. In turn, the loyalty of men with military experience from Galicia, the eastern part of which had just reincorporated back into Soviet Union, led MI6 to see them as possibly useful for subversion against the Soviet Union. For two years after World War Two, the UPA, the guerrilla military arm of the OUN waged a guerrilla war in Galicia against the Soviet and Polish authorities. The OUN comprised the largest contingent in the ABN, and the majority of the OUN members came from Galicia. The OUN in Galicia was in conflict with the Polish state in the 1930s, waging a terrorist campaign of bombings and assassinations. During the Second World War the OUN fought a vicious struggle against the Armia Krajowa (Home Army) resistance group for the control of Galicia, a region the OUN saw as part of the future Ukrainian state it wished to establish. Because of this background, Polish emigre groups shunned the ABN, which was regarded as a vehicle for the anti-Polish OUN. In its founding statement in April 1946, the ABN declared "Bolshevism is the criminal theory and practice of terroristic nonparty dictatorship which excluded even the slightest bit of freedom, democracy and nationality". The ABN declared that the Soviet Union to be the "prison of nations", and announced that the break-up of the Soviet Union was its principle goal. As a part of its critique of the USSR, the ABN identified the Soviet Union with Russia, presenting Soviet policies as merely a continuum of the policies of Imperial Russia. Typical of this viewpoint was an ABN pamphlet which stated: "Aggressive and destructive Bolshevism merely exhibits a new, higher form of Russian imperialism, which grew across the centuries by conquering foreign lands and subjecting foreign peoples in Europe as well as in Asia". The ABN presented Russians as biologically different from the rest of humanity, portraying the Russians as having a genetic predisposition towards extreme violence and aggression. The ABN argued that the peoples of Eastern Europe were white and thus had a "natural" love of freedom while the Russians were portrayed as having a "natural" inclination towards cruel despotism owning to an unfortunate infusion of Asian genes going back to the Mongol conquest of Russia in the 13th century. Because of what the ABN argued was this biological difference between the white peoples of Eastern Europe vs. the Russians whose Asian genes had deformed them, the ABN excluded Russia from the list of nations it wished to liberate. Throughout its existence, the ABN equated Russians and Communism as one and the same, engaging in propaganda that sought to "demonize" Russians as an utterly evil people for whom no redemption was possible. The ABN envisioned a federation of independent states in eastern Europe after it broke up the Soviet Union to be called the "New Order". All of these states were to be "ethnically pure" with no place for minorities. As such, all of the minorities were to "return" to their proper homelands once the "New Order" was established. In particular, there was to be no place for Jews, who were portrayed as an "alien" people who did not belong in any of the envisioned states. The OUN was described by the historian Anna Holian as a "deeply anti-Semitic" group, citing the OUN's resolution at its Second Great Congress in 1941 that it "combats Jews as the prop of the Muscovite-Bolshevik regime". Holian wrote that ABN tended to say little about the "Jewish question" after 1945 largely because of the "Final Solution" had largely "solved" the "Jewish question" by exterminating most of the once vast Jewish communities in Eastern Europe, but the group's ideology about the "Jewish Question" largely reflected the OUN's thinking on the subject. Bellant described the OUN's program as: "OUN, even in its postwar publications, has called for ethno-genetically pure Ukrainian territory, which of course is simply calling for purging Jews, Poles, and Russians from what they consider Ukrainian territory." Cold War The most active groups among the Bloc were the Ukrainian national organizations. In 1946–1947, the OUN-B's secret police, the Sluzhba Bezpeky conducted with Anglo-American support, Operation Ohio, an assassination campaign in the Displaced Persons' camps in western Germany. The victims were suspected Soviet agents, members of rival Ukrainian groups, and those who knew too much about the collaborationist background of the ABN's leaders. One American, L. Fletcher Prouty, recalled that the assassins "were the best commercial hitmen you ever heard of". The ABN was headed by Yaroslav Stetsko, a Ukrainian nationalist who supported the Holocaust and anti-Soviet politician, from the time of foundation until 1986, the year of his death. Stetsko was succeeded by his widow, Slava Stetsko. She wrote the foreword to the 1969 book Captive Nations-our first line of defense by Bailey Bernadine that offered the following political definitions: "Anti-semitism: A smear word used by the Communists against those who effectively oppose and expose them. Fascist: An anti-Communist. Nazi or Hitlerite: An active anti-Communist". In her foreword, she praised Captive Nations as "objective, factual" and "highly recommended". In 1950, Stetsko hosted an ABN conference in Edinburgh funded by MI6 that was attended by several collaborators such as Alfrēds Bērziņš of Latvia; Dr. Stanislaw Stankievich who had headed the Belorussian National Council; and Kajum Khan of the National Turkestan Unity Committee. Representing Romania at the conference was the Legion of the Archangel Michael (better known as the Iron Guard); Bulgaria the Bulgarian National Front and Croatia members of the Ustaše. The conference attracted much publicity in Britain, most of it very favorable. Stetsko stated the ABN was ready and willing to fight and claimed to be able to "set up an army of more than ten million soldiers" to fight against the Soviet Union. A number of Polish emigre groups, which had boycotted the Edinburgh conference out of distaste for the OUN, accused the ABN of ignoring the "harsh reality" of Eastern Europe, namely that the vast military forces the ABN claimed to command did not exist. A press release issued by the Polish government-in-exile in London denounced the ABN, saying there was "no opportunity to shake off the hated Bolshevik yoke...Today, any active measures against Russia would be lunacy; it would only bring bloody repression, massacres, and mass deportations, without even the slightest hope of achieving the aim so much desired". As early as 1951 the American magazine The New Leader ran a two-part series under the title "Allies We Don't Need" documenting the ABN was founded at the instigation of Rosenberg's Ostministerium in 1943 and that nearly all the ABN leaders had been on the Axis side. Under a photograph of Rosenberg with the caption "His memory lingers on", the article translated extreme anti-Russian ABN statements that were a direct continuation of wartime Ostministerium propaganda such as one ABN pamphlet that stated the Russians have "never been able to form an order of society worthy of human beings". Such criticism had some effect; the United States government which had initially supported the ABN came to shun it, saying that Stetsko had "totalitarian tendencies", not the least of which was his habit of ordering the assassinations of rivals. Furthermore, the American government came to feel that Stetsko was "too extreme" as his stated aim was to provoke World War Three, arguing that this was the best way to achieve his aim of breaking up the Soviet Union. The possibility of a nuclear war killing hundreds of millions of people and that a Soviet-American nuclear exchange would turn Eastern Europe into a radioactive wasteland did not concern Stetsko or any of the other ABN leaders. By the mid-1950s, both the British and American governments had ceased to subsidize the ABN, which was regarded as too dangerous. The American historian Richard Rasche wrote that the ABN had "at least a dozen well known Nazi collaborators" on its board of directors. The chairmen of the ABN Peoples' Council included A. Bērziņš, V. Kajum-Khan, F. Ďurčanský, F. Farkas de Kisbarnak, and R. Ostrowski. The head of the Romanian Liberation Movement affiliated with the ABN was Horia Sima, formerly the leader of the Iron Guard. The long-time general secretaries were Dr. Niko Nakashidze and C. Pokorný. Bērziņš was a Latvian who served as an obersturmführer in the SS and was accused of torturing and murdering 2, 000 Jews. Also sitting on the ABN's board was Edward O'Connor, a former member of the American National Security Council who had favored using emigre groups to break-up the Soviet Union. O'Connor has been described as the "single most important activist" in the ABN. A number of Holocaust deniers such as Austin App, the author of The Six Million Swindle were ABN members. The headquarters and cells of the ABN organized mass anti-Soviet rallies, protest demonstrations, press conferences, and international congresses, and the distribution of various memoranda. ABN activists held rallies outside of Soviet embassies and consulates; led boycott campaigns against department stores selling goods made in Eastern Europe; pressured school boards and libraries to remove books they considered to be pro-Communist; threw eggs at Soviet diplomats, and lobbied politicians. The ABN co-operated with the World Anti-Communist League (WACL) and the European Freedom Council (EFC). The ABN's magazine, ABN Correspondence, frequently praised wartime collaborationist leaders such as Ante Pavelić of Croatia and Father Jozef Tiso of Slovakia as "freedom fighters" against Communism. In the United States, ABN excelled at political organizing among Americans who were either immigrants from Eastern Europe and descended from immigrants from Eastern Europe. The ABN came to enjoy a certain power in the United States as many Americans of Eastern European background voted for candidates endorsed by the ABN, causing both Democratic and Republican politicians to court the favor of the ABN. ABN activists in the United States supported politicians who took the most extreme anti-Communist line such as Republican Senator Joseph McCarthy who in turn lavished praise upon the ABN. Besides for the United States, the ABN also came to enjoy power in Canada in the 1950s when there was a significant Ukrainian-Canadian population who voted for candidates endorsed by the ABN. In March 1958, at a conference in Mexico City, the ABN united with the Asian People's Anti-Communist League, the Committee of One Million Against the Admission of Red China, and the Inter-American Confederation for the Defense of the Continent to form the World Anti-Communist Congress for Liberation and Freedom. The Asian People's Anti-Communist League was an organization supported clandestinely by the governments of the Republic of China (Taiwan), South Korea, the Philippines, and South Vietnam. The ABN wanted an alliance with Asian People's Anti-Communist League largely to get a slice of the money provided by the Asian governments that supported it, and to do so, the ABN toned down the anti-Asian racism that previously characterized it. The cut-off in Anglo-American financial support had caused the ABN serious monetary problems, and thus led the group to seek financing from anti-Communist Asian governments as a way of compensation. The goal of the World Anti-Communist Congress for Liberation and Freedom was to render "moral and material support to forces behind the Iron Curtain in Europe and Asia" and to "achieve the ultimate objective of liberating and restoring national independence, freedom, and liberty to all the enslaved peoples on their ethnic territories". By July 1958, the Congress had collapsed as the leader of the Committee of One Million, Marvin Liebman, had pulled out saying he did not want to work with Stetsko again. Liebman, whose Jewish parents came from Galicia had been shocked to learn Stetsko had been involved in organizing pogroms against Galician Jews in 1941. Liebman called Stetsko and his followers "jerks", stating that Stetsko was an anti-Semite who equated Communism with Jews as he still maintained his belief in "Judeo-Bolshevism". After Liebman left, he started receiving death threats from OUN members calling him a "Jew Bolshevik". In 1959, the ABN's American branch successfully lobbied Congress to proclaim the public holiday of Captive Nations week and to declare American support for independence for all of the "captive nations" as defined by the ABN. In several states in the Northeast and the Midwest, there were sufficient concentrations of voters influenced by the ABN to give the movement a degree of power as a lobbying group. The resolution was passed unanimously through according to one observer it was "churned out" out of Congress "along with casual holiday resolutions such as National Hot Dog Day". The ABN lobbyists help write the resolution, and much of the resolution reflected the ABN's ideas about which nations were "captive nations". The ABN equated Communism in the Soviet Union with Russians, and Russia was conspicuously absent from the list of "captive nations" listed in the resolution. The American journalist Christopher Simpson wrote that two of the "captive nations" mentioned in the resolution, Idel-Ural and Cossackia, were "fictitious entities created as a propaganda ploy by Hitler's racial theoretician Alfred Rosenberg during World War Two". The American Vice President, Richard Nixon, was visiting Moscow at the time the resolution was passed, and the Soviet leader, Nikita Khrushchev, was extremely angry about the resolution. Khrushchev asked Nixon how it was possible for him to negotiate with a nation that just proclaimed the break-up of his country as its foreign policy goal. Nixon, in effect, was forced to apologize for the resolution, saying that neither he nor President Eisenhower had any control over the resolutions passed by Congress, and stated: "Neither the President nor I would have deliberately chosen to pass a resolution of this type passed just before we visited the USSR". At the time, there was much tension in American-Soviet relations owing to the latest Berlin crisis, and Nixon had been sent to Moscow to find a way to ease tensions in order to end the Berlin crisis peacefully. The general feeling in Eisenhower administration was that the resolution was ill-timed. The American diplomat George F. Kennan came to deplore the ABN, complaining the group had an over-sized influence over Congress as most congressmen and senators were afraid of being labeled "soft on Communism", and charged that the ABN had a vested interest in inflaming Cold War tensions. Kennan wrote that the ABN in the United States was a classic example of a domestic lobby taking over foreign policy to achieve its own ends, even if those goals were not necessarily in the broader interest of the United States. During his time as the American ambassador to Yugoslavia, Kennan complained that his efforts to influence Marshal Josip Broz Tito to undertake a more pro-American foreign policy were being constantly undercut by the ABN, which successfully lobbied Congress to pass resolutions calling for the overthrow of Tito and for the break-up of Yugoslavia. From 1962 onward, the ABN worked closely with Lady Birdwood, described as the "largest individual distributor of racist and antisemitic material" in Britain. The leader of the British branch of the European Freedom Council, founded in 1967, was Lady Birdwood. The ABN activists in Britain who worked with Lady Birdwood expressed anti-Semitic and far-right views. Representatives from the ABN and related organizations participated in the congresses of the WACL and EFC. In November 1967, the ABN organized rallies in Ottawa outside of the Soviet embassy and in Montreal outside of the Soviet consulate to protest the 50th anniversary of the October Revolution. The main speaker at the ABN rally in Ottawa was Stetsko whose speech calling for Ukrainian Independence caused the Ukrainian-Canadian audience to erupt in rapturous joy. At another ABN rally held shortly afterward was attended by the former prime minister, John Diefenbaker, and the Conservative MP Mike Starr, the first Ukrainian-Canadian to be elected to the House of Commons. In the 1968 election, a Hungarian-American ABN activist, Laszlo Pasztor who began his political career as a student activist for the Arrow Cross while attending university in his native Hungary, campaigned hard for the Republican candidate, Richard Nixon. Pasztor had been convicted of crimes against humanity in Hungary in 1946 for his role in the Holocaust in Hungary as he served as a diplomat for the short-lived Arrow Cross regime of 1944-45 in Berlin. In 1969, Nixon rewarded Pasztor by creating the Republican Heritage Groups Council of the Republican National Committee with Pasztor as its first chairman. Pasztor, in turn, recruited the leaders of ABN-affiliated groups to serve on the Republican Heritage Groups Council, shunning mainstream conservative groups in favor of the fascist groups affiliated with the ABN. For an example, the conservative Bulgarian National Committee was denied permission to affiliate with the Heritage Groups Council, but the fascist Bulgarian National Front led by Ivan Dochev was allowed to join the Heritage Groups Council. About the leaders of the Heritage Groups Council, Bellant stated: "They didn’t have a Russian affiliate because they hated all Russians of all political stripes. There were no African-Americans or Jewish affiliates either. It was just composed of these elements, and for a while, they had a German affiliate, but some exposure of the Nazi character of the German affiliate caused it to be quietly removed, but other [Nazi] elements were retained." On 21 July 1984, Nikolai Nazarenko, president of the World Federation of the Cossack National Liberation Movement of Cossackia and the Cossack American Republican National Federation, gave a speech at an ABN diner in New York. Nazarenko, who by his own admission spent much of World War Two serving as a translator and an interrogator of POWS for the Wehrmacht, praised those who fought for Nazi Germany as heroes. Turning to his main subject, Nazarenko stated: "There is a certain ethnic group that makes its home in Israel. This ethnic group works with the Communists all the time. They were the Fifth Column in Germany and in all the Captive Nations...They would spy, sabotage, and do any act in the interest of Moscow. Of course, there had to be the creation of natural self-defense against this Fifth Column. They had to be isolated. Security was needed. So the Fifth Column was arrested and imprisoned. This particular ethnic group was responsible for aiding the Soviet NKVD. A million of our people were destroyed as a result of them aiding the NKVD...You hear a lot about the Jewish Holocaust, but what about the 140 million Christians, Moslems, and Buddhists killed by Communism? That is the real Holocaust and you never hear about it!". The audience roared its approval and Nazarenko's speech was the best received of the evening. Nazarenko was accused of executing Red Army POWs and of hanging Jews from the lampposts in Odessa, claims which he denied, though he stated in an interview that Jews were his "ideological enemies". When interviewed by the American journalist Russ Bellant, Nazarenko produced a briefcase full of anti-Semitic literature on the "Jewish question", Cossack publications and memorabilia from his service in the Wehrmacht. Nazarenko when questioned, denied the Holocaust, saying that "Jews didn't die from gas chambers. Those mountains of bones are from people who starved to death or died of disease". Despite his views, Nazarenko took part in Captive Nations day parades in his Cossack uniform and as the president of the Cossack American Republican National Federation was active in Republican politics. On 20 July 1988, the Republican candidate for the presidency, Vice President George H.W. Bush, spoke at an ABN rally in the company of a Ukrainian emigre and OUN/ABN member, Bohdan Fedorak. Fedorak, who served as president of Ukrainians for Bush, organized the rally at the Ukrainian Cultural Center in Warren, Michigan. At the rally, Fedorak denounced the Office of Special Investigations (OSI), which was in charge of investigating and deporting Nazi war criminals from the United States. Bellant recalled in 2014 about Bush's campaign appearance: "So they denounced them, the OSI investigations, in front of Bush. Bush nodded his head, but he wouldn’t say anything because he didn’t want to sound like he was sympathetic to the Nazi war criminals, but at the same time he didn’t want to offend his hosts by disputing the issue with them." Bellant described the ABN as a coordinating group for genocidal collaborationist groups from eastern Europe. In support of this claim, Bellant noted the Byelorussian Central Council of the ABN was a continuation of the Central Rada set up by the German authorities in 1941, and that policemen serving the Central Rada played a decisive role in exterminating the Jewish community of Belarus in 1941-43. When Romania signed the armistice with the Allies in August 1944, the German government set up a Romanian "government-in-exile" headed by Sima of the Iron Guard, and the Romanian Liberation Movement led by Sima was a direct continuation of the "government-in-exile" that had existed in 1944-45. The leadership of the Croatian Liberation Movement of the ABN was led by men who served in the Independent State of Croatia in 1941-45, and the most of the men leading the World Federation of Free Latvians had served in the SS and "...had assisted the Nazis in exterminating the Jews of their Baltic homeland". The Bulgarian National Front of the ABN led by Ivan Dochev was a continuation of the Union of Bulgarian National Legions, where Dochev had begun his political career. The OUN activists had provided many of the gunmen working for the SS who shot down 90, 000 Ukrainian Jews in 1941-42 and that Stetsko had organized a pogrom in Lviv in 1941 that killed thousands of Jews and Poles. The Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations was disbanded in 1996 after the collapse of the USSR and Soviet communism. Members Member organisation for various times: "Free Armenia" Committee (Armenia) Bulgarian National Front (Bulgaria) Belarusian Central Rada (Belarus) Cossack National Liberation Movement (see Cossacks) Croatian Liberation Movement (Croatia) Czech National Committee (Czech Republic): Lev Prchala Estonian Liberation Movement (Estonia) Union of the Estonian Fighters for Freedom Georgian National Organization (Georgia) Hungarian Liberation Movement (Hungary) Hungarian Mindszenty Movement Latvian Association for the Struggle against Communism (Latvia) Lithuanian Rebirth Movement (Lithuania) Slovak Liberation Committee (Slovakia) National Turkestanian Unity Committee (Turkestan) United Hetman Organization (see Hetman) Organization of Ukrainian Nationalists-Bandera (Ukraine) Russia Peoples' Labour Party (Soviet Russia) Romanian Liberation Movement (Romania) World Federation of the Cossack National Liberation Movement of Cossackia (Cossackia) Selected publications Periodicals ABN Correspondence: Bulletin of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (1950-2000). . . Pamphlets and flyers Letters from Political Prisoners. Munich: Ukrainian Information Service & Press Bureau of the Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN) (1975). Cultural Exchanges and Cooperation: The Double-faced Policy. London: The ABN Delegation in Great Britain (1979). Stetsko, Yaroslav. Revolutionary and Reactionary Forces in the World. Munich: Press Bureau of Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations (ABN) (1981). See also Anti-Bolshevist League League for the Liberation of the Peoples of the USSR World Anti-Communist League References Books External links Anti-Bolshevik Bloc of Nations ALEXANDER NICHOLAS SOSENKO. EASTERN EUROPEAN UNITY UNDER RUSSIAN COMMUNISM AND THE ANTI-BOLSHEVIK BLOC OF NATIONS: CONCEPTION, IDEOLOGY, AND CONFERENCES The Intermarium: Wilson, Madison, & East Central European Federalism by Dr. Jonathan Levy Anti-communist organizations Cold War organizations History of the Soviet Union Diaspora organizations 1946 establishments in Europe 1996 disestablishments in Europe
3996979	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Catholic%20Archdiocese%20of%20Miami	Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami	The Archdiocese of Miami (, ) is a particular church of the Catholic Church in the United States of America. Its ecclesiastical territory consists of Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe counties in the U.S. state of Florida. The archdiocese is the metropolitan see for the Ecclesiastical Province of Miami, which covers Florida. The archbishop is Thomas Wenski. As archbishop, he also serves as pastor of the Cathedral of Saint Mary, the mother church of the archdiocese. Also serving are 258 priests, 133 permanent deacons, 41 religious brothers and 204 religious sisters who are members of various religious institutes. These priests, deacons and persons religious serve a Catholic population in South Florida of 475,774 in 109 parishes and missions. Because of the vast number of immigrants, Mass is offered in at least a dozen languages in parishes throughout the archdiocese. Educational institutions consist of two schools for the disabled, 60 elementary/middle schools, 13 high schools, two universities, and two seminaries. Radio, print, and television media outlets owned and operated by the archdiocese supplement teaching, communication, and ministries. Several social service organizations are operated by the archdiocese which include two hospitals, nine health care centers, three homes for the aged, and two cemeteries. Charities include homeless shelters, legal services for the poor, an HIV/AIDS ministry, and the Missionaries of Charity and Society of Saint Vincent de Paul ministries to the poor. Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Miami is a separate non-profit organization operated by the archdiocese. It claims to be the largest non-governmental provider of social services to the needy in South Florida. History Before 1952, the entire State of Florida was under the jurisdiction of one diocese, the Roman Catholic Diocese of Saint Augustine. In the 1950s and early 1960s, Saint Augustine bishop Joseph Patrick Hurley purchased land throughout South Florida in anticipation of a future population boom. Today, these once remote areas are thriving cities. Dozens of Catholic churches, schools and cemeteries built on the land purchased by Hurley dot these areas. The Diocese of Miami was created on October 7, 1958, with Coleman Carroll installed as bishop. The diocese included the 16 southern counties in Florida, with a Catholic population of 200,000. It encompassed one half of the area of the state. Less than a year after the creation of the diocese, Fidel Castro came to power in Cuba. This set off a mass exodus of Cuban exiles to South Florida, increasing church membership in the region. The Catholic Welfare Bureau, created by Carroll, played a significant part in helping these waves of Cuban immigrants. Between 1960 and 1962, 14,000 Cuban children were sent to the United States. Operation Pedro Pan, created by Monsignor Bryan O. Walsh, placed them with friends, relatives or the Catholic Welfare Bureau. In 1996, the Catholic Welfare Bureau changed its name to Catholic Charities. Today it claims to be the largest non-governmental provider of social services in South Florida. It served over 17,000 families in the tri-county area of Broward, Dade and Monroe counties in 2006. Due to an increased population, the diocese was divided in 1968. Eight counties became part of the Diocese of St. Petersburg and the new Diocese of Orlando. Miami was made an archdiocese by Pope Paul VI, and was named Metropolitan See for all of Florida. Carroll became an archbishop on March 2, 1968. He participated in the church reforms of Vatican II as one of the Council Fathers. During the civil rights struggles of the 60's, Carroll was influential in stemming threatened racial riots in Miami and in desegregating Catholic schools roughly 10 years before the rest of the State. He became a founder of the Community Relations Board which worked to "quell waves of misunderstanding, discrimination and discontent which often threatened to flood South Florida's multi-ethnic community." Upon the death of Carroll on July 26, 1977, Bishop Edward Anthony McCarthy was appointed as Miami's archbishop. McCarthy oversaw the construction of the Pastoral Center for the archdiocese and restructured most senior operational divisions. He established the Office of Lay Ecclesial Ministry, the Office of Evangelization and the Permanent Diaconate program. In 1980, he offered support and assistance during the Mariel Boat Lift. The following year, he supported the rights of Haitian immigrants who were detained under the Wet Foot, Dry Foot policy. Responding to the needs of this new immigration, he opened the Pierre Toussaint Haitian Catholic Center. McCarthy retired in 1994 at the required age of 75. On November 3, 1994, Pope John Paul II appointed John C. Favalora as the third archbishop of Miami. During his tenure, he built two new high schools and nine grade schools. Favalora also initiated the Vision 2000 campaign, a five-year fundraising campaign that created an endowment fund to support Catholic education and outreach institutions in the archdiocese. The effort raised $90 million. On July 11, 2003, Pope John Paul II appointed Miami auxiliary bishop Thomas Gerard Wenski to lead the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orlando. With substantial immigration of predominantly Catholic South and Central Americans to the South Florida area, the Catholic population there is 25% of the total population. Waves of immigrants from other parts of the world, including Asian and African countries, have led to Mass being celebrated in over a dozen different languages in parishes throughout the archdiocese. In 2009, Father Fernando Isern, of Our Lady of Lourdes, Kendall, was named the next bishop of Pueblo. He is the 11th priest from the archdiocese to be so designated since its creation in 1958. On April 20, 2010, Pope Benedict XVI accepted the resignation of Archbishop John Favalora eight months early and appointed Bishop Thomas Wenski of the Roman Catholic Diocese of Orlando as his successor. On June 1, 2010, Archbishop Wenski was installed as the fourth archbishop of the Archdiocese of Miami at the Cathedral of Saint Mary. On March 15, 2019, Homestead priest Jean Claude Jean-Philippe was arrested on charges of drugging and raping a female parishioner who he invited to his home the previous October. Bishops Archbishops of Miami Coleman Carroll (1958–1977), elevated to Archbishop in 1968 Edward Anthony McCarthy (1977–1994) John Favalora (1994–2010) Thomas Wenski (2010–present) Auxiliary Bishops René Gracida (1968–1975), appointed Bishop of Pensacola-Tallahassee and later Bishop of Corpus Christi John Nevins (1979–1984), appointed Bishop of Venice Agustin Roman (1979–2013) Norbert Dorsey (1986–1990), appointed Bishop of Orlando Gilberto Fernandez (1997–2002) Thomas Wenski (1997–2003), appointed Coadjutor Bishop and later Bishop of Orlando and Archbishop of Miami Felipe Estévez (2004–2011), appointed Bishop of Saint Augustine John Noonan (2005–2010), appointed Bishop of Orlando John Fitzpatrick (1968–1971), appointed Bishop of Brownsville Peter Baldacchino (2014–2019), appointed Bishop of Las Cruces Enrique Esteban Delgado (2017–present) Other priests of the diocese who became bishops Ambrose De Paoli, appointed Apostolic Nuncio and Titular Archbishop in 1983 Fernando Isern, appointed Bishop of Pueblo in 2009 Robert Nugent Lynch, appointed Bishop of Saint Petersburg in 1995 Education Schools As of 2008, the Archdiocese of Miami provides a parochial school education to almost 40,000 students in 60 elementary/middle schools, 13 high schools and two non-residential schools for the disabled located throughout Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. The high schools supported by the archdiocese are: The archdiocese offers religious education classes in all of its 111 parishes for children who attend public and other non-religious schools. According to the 2007 Official Catholic Directory, there were 95,837 students enrolled in these classes. This same source lists as teachers 2760 laity, 58 religious sisters, and 43 priests and religious brothers. Religious education classes are also offered to adults throughout the archdiocese. In 1997, Archbishop Favalora adopted a policy requiring all volunteers, employees, teachers and priests to be fingerprinted and have a background check before they could work with children. Several years later, this policy was enshrined and adopted by all U.S. Bishops in the Charter for Protection of Young People. Universities The Archdiocese of Miami oversees and administers the Catholic university of St. Thomas University in Miami. St. Thomas University offers Bachelor of Arts, Master of Arts, Master's degree, Master of Business Administration, M.Acc., Doctor of Education, and Doctor of Philosophy programs through its college and various schools. It offers several joint degree programs and an accelerated B.A./J.D. as well. The School of Law at St. Thomas was fully accredited by the American Bar Association in February 1995, and offers the Juris Doctor degree (J.D.) as well as the Masters of Law (LL.M). Seminaries St. John Vianney College Seminary and St. Vincent de Paul Regional Seminary serve priestly formation needs. Candidates to the Catholic priesthood must have a college degree plus another four to five years of seminary formation. This formation includes not only academic classes but also human, spiritual and pastoral education. St. John Vianney Seminary, which is located in Miami, states as its fundamental purpose "to provide an undergraduate education for students whose stated objective is to serve the Catholic Church as priests", but it also offers education to lay ministers and to "others who may be enriched by its services". St. Vincent de Paul Regional Seminary, located in Boynton Beach, offers a master's degree in Theology and Theological Studies and a First Professional Degree in Divinity and Ministry. Priests serving in the Archdiocese of Miami are required to speak both Spanish and English, and these two seminaries are the only bilingual seminaries in the United States. As of August 2007, there are 126 seminarians in priestly formation at both seminaries. On Thursday, December 15, 2011 The Redemptoris Mater Seminary of the Archdiocese of Miami was erected, with the signing of the decree and the canonical and civil documents. Located in Hialeah, Florida, is a Diocesan seminary where the seminarians once ordained, will be at the disposal of the Archbishop for internal or missionary assignments. Currently, there are 20 seminarians, all studying for the Archdiocese of Miami, who follow classes either in St. John Vianney College Seminary or St. Vincent de Paul Regional Seminary Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Miami Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Miami is a separate non-profit organization operated by the Archdiocese of Miami. It is part of a national network of organizations that are operated in each U.S. diocese. This organization claims to be the largest nongovernmental provider of services to the needy in South Florida. It began in 1931 during the Great Depression with four Miami-area pastors and lay members of the Society of Saint Vincent de Paul. It employs over 600 staff and operates on an annual budget of over $38 million. In 2006, it served over 17,000 families in the tri-county area of Broward, Miami-Dade and Monroe Counties. Some of these services include transitional housing, homeless shelters, elderly day care, child day care, addiction recovery, HIV/AIDS programs, family and school counseling, meals for the elderly and various immigrant and refugee help programs among others. Catholic Health Services Archdiocese of Miami Catholic Health Services operates 26 facilities in Broward and Miami-Dade Counties. According to the 2007 Archdiocese of Miami Official Catholic Directory, the two Catholic hospitals, Mercy Hospital in Miami and Holy Cross Hospital in Ft. Lauderdale, served 1,278,516 people; three CHS health care centers served 7,896; three homes for the aged assisted 2,578 senior citizens; two residential care centers for children served 376; seven day-care centers served 1,885; two specialized homes assisted 383; twelve special centers for social services served 81,320; and eleven other institutions served 1,432 people in 2007. Catholic Hospice Care is a partnership between the Archdiocese of Miami and Mercy Hospital. It provides end of life care to terminally ill patients and their families throughout Miami-Dade and Monroe counties. Catholic Health Services also operates two Catholic cemeteries, Our Lady Queen of Heaven in Broward County and Our Lady of Mercy in Miami-Dade. Outreach Lay movements and ministries Over 60 movements and ministries are run by laity (those who are not ordained priests or religious brothers and sisters), "There may be hundreds more ..." according to Miami auxiliary bishop Felipe Estevez. There are 17 categories of ministries listed under the archdiocese Office of Lay Apostolate are: Airport Ministry, Apostleship of the Sea, Ascending Life, Campus ministry, Charismatic Renewal, Courage Ministry ("Ministry to Persons With Same-Sex Attraction"), Council of Catholic Women, Cursillo, Family Life, Knights of Columbus, Lay ministry, Lay movements, Marian movements, Missions, Prison ministry, Respect Life, and Youth Ministries. Some other lay movements and ministries include various prayer and support groups, an Emmaus, and groups which provide worship, social and religious formation for men, women and teenagers. Some parishes provide groups for single Catholics, divorced or separated people, drug and alcohol addiction help, learning Spanish or English as a second language and parish outreach services to the poor and needy through parish pantries and need-specific donor drives. The archdiocese also supports, in conjunction with other Christian communities, two anti-abortion crisis pregnancy centers which provide aid to pregnant women and encourage them not to have abortions. A post-abortion counseling program called Project Rachel is also provided. Retreats Morning Star Renewal Center is a retreat house operated by lay people with the support of the archdiocese. The center provides facilities for group retreats and offers spiritual formation activities year round. Facilities include a 60 guest capacity, a conference room, a chapel, and overnight and cafeteria accommodations. Charities Several Charities are run by the archdiocese and staffed by both employees and volunteers. These include Camillus House, Catholic Legal Services, an HIV/AIDS shelter, the Missionaries of Charity, Society of Saint Vincent de Paul, and social advocacy groups. Media The archdiocese uses several types of media to fulfill its evangelization efforts: Radio ministry Radio Paz is a Spanish-language radio ministry of the Archdiocese of Miami founded in December 1990. In South Florida, it is broadcast on WACC 830 AM. Radio Peace—the sister station of Radio Paz—is an English-language radio ministry founded in January 1993 and broadcast on WLVJ 1040 AM. These stations also broadcast over the Internet at RadioPeace.org. The stations were founded by Archdiocese of Miami priest Fr. Federico Capdepon, who envisioned a radio station "to respond to the call of Pope John Paul II to evangelize through the media." Newspaper A localized version of the Florida Catholic newspaper is published 26 times a year. Each issue contains a message from the Archbishop, spiritual reflections on the scripture readings for the week, news reporting on various events happening around the archdiocese and the world, and a digest of upcoming events featured around the archdiocese among other features. The newspaper is also published online. A series produced for the Miami edition entitled "Building the City of God" which profiles the personal side of priests won a Communicator Award of Distinction for print media "Marketing/Promotion/Campaign". Television One part of Communications office of the archdiocese is television and video production. English and Spanish masses air Sundays on local television stations. Additionally, the television center produces content for the internet and video. One video, entitled "Walking in the Light of Christ," received a Videographer Award of Excellence from the Association of Marketing and Communication Professionals. See also Catholic Church by country Catholic Church hierarchy History of Miami List of the Catholic dioceses of the United States Pedro Menéndez de Avilés Sexual abuse scandal in Miami archdiocese Timeline of Miami, Florida history References External links Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Miami Official Site Catholic Charities of the Archdiocese of Miami The Florida Catholic Newspaper Catholic Health Services Catholic Hospice Care St. John Vianney Seminary, Miami St. Vincent De Paul Regional Seminary, Boynton Beach Christianity in Miami Broward County, Florida Monroe County, Florida Miami Miami Miami 1958 establishments in Florida
3996983	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schuelke%20Organ%20Company	Schuelke Organ Company	The Schuelke Organ Company was a Milwaukee, Wisconsin-based pipe organ builder. Schuelke Organs operated in the later 19th and early 20th centuries. William Schuelke was a Prussian immigrant who came to the United States in 1874. Schuelke's contributions to organ building included inventing the electric motor powered bellows crank, for which he received a patent. This was a major improvement over existing hand-cranked bellows. The Schuelke Organ Company ceased operations in the early 20th century. Today, few of the organs his company produced exist intact. A yearly free organ recital is held at Saint Francis of Assisi Catholic Church, Milwaukee on the first Sunday of November to showcase its 1885 Schuelke pipe organ. Locations with a Schuelke organ Bethany Lutheran Church, Ishpeming, Michigan Emmanuel Lutheran Church, Mecan, Wisconsin First Lutheran Church, Middleton, Wisconsin First Presbyterian Church, Leadville, Colorado John Paul II Roman Catholic Church, Carroll, Iowa Our Lady of the Lake Catholic Church, Ashland, Wisconsin Ozaukee Congregational Church, Grafton, Wisconsin Saint Anthony of Padua Catholic Church, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Saint Anthony of Padua Church, St. Louis, Missouri Saint Boniface Church New Vienna, Iowa Saint Francis of Assisi Catholic Church, Milwaukee, Wisconsin Saint Mary's Catholic Church, Columbus, Ohio Saint Mary's Catholic Church, Remsen, Iowa Trinity Evangelical Lutheran Church, Milwaukee, Wisconsin destroyed by fire, May 15, 2018 External links Schuelke organs in the Organ Historical Society Database Recording and program of an event on the New Vienna organ Schuelke Organ at St. Mary's, Remsen Iowa, rebuilt by Dobson Organ Co. Pipe organ building companies Defunct manufacturing companies based in Milwaukee Musical instrument manufacturing companies of the United States
5390315	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torkel%20Weis-Fogh	Torkel Weis-Fogh	Torkel Weis-Fogh (25 March 1922 – 13 November 1975) was a Danish zoologist and Professor at the University of Cambridge and the University of Copenhagen. He is best known for his contributions to the understanding of insect flight, especially the clap and fling mechanism used by very small insects. James Lighthill named this "the Weis-Fogh mechanism of lift generation". Education Weis-Fogh was born in Aarhus and educated at University of Copenhagen. Research and career Weis-Fogh was research assistant to the Danish Nobel Prize–winning physiologist August Krogh, where he studied the flight mechanism of the desert locust. He pioneered studies of insect flight with Krogh in a classic paper of 1951. He then spent a year at the Copenhagen Institute of Neurophysiology. Weis-Fogh then went to the University of Cambridge in England for four years, where he discovered a rubbery protein, resilin, in insect cuticle. He continued working on insect flight. He returned to Copenhagen as Professor of Zoophysiology, but went back to Cambridge in 1966 to become Professor of Zoology there, continuing to investigate mechanisms of cell motility and of flight. Insect flight In 1973 Weis-Fogh devised a mathematical model explaining how extremely small insects such as thrips and chalcid wasps such as Encarsia formosa could fly using clap-and-fling, where conventional steady state aerodynamics did not apply. These insects gain lift by creating vortices near their wings, at the price of the wear and tear from repeated clapping. The British mathematician Sir James Lighthill named this the Weis-Fogh mechanism of lift generation. Weis-Fogh's 1973 paper Quick Estimates of Flight Fitness in Hovering Animals, Including Novel Mechanisms for Lift Production has been cited over 1000 times. Awards and honours The Hanne and Torkel Weis-Fogh fund is named in his honour. References 1922 births 1975 deaths 20th-century Danish zoologists Danish entomologists Professors of Zoology (Cambridge, 1866) Danish physiologists University of Copenhagen faculty University of Copenhagen alumni Danish expatriates in the United Kingdom
3997003	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice%20House%20Street	Ice House Street	Ice House Street () is a one-way street in Central, Hong Kong Island, Hong Kong. Named after the structure previously located on it that housed the city's only source of ice, it stretches from Lower Albert Road to Connaught Road. The street is noted for several historical landmarks situated on it, most notably the Club Lusitano and the Old Dairy Farm Depot. History During the First Opium War, the British occupied Hong Kong in 1841 and one year later, the territory was ceded to them in the Treaty of Nanking. Four years later, in 1845, the Hong Kong Ice Company was founded. It was set up with the intention of selling ice blocks from the United States—specifically from New England and New York State. These were transported to the colony on clippers and traded as a commodity. To persuade the company to sell ice to local hospitals at cost price, the Government of Hong Kong granted the company the site for an ice house rent-free for 75 years. The building eventually lent its name to the street it was situated on; it was Hong Kong's only source of ice, because that there were no "commercial ice-making facilities" in the colony. The house was on the intersection of Ice House Street and Queen's Road Central, and continued to store ice imports until 1874, when ice production started in Causeway Bay. Description and features From its southern end, Ice House Street begins at its junction with Lower Albert Road. This is where the Old Dairy Farm Depot is located. Built by Dairy Farm, one of the first companies that sold ice cream and refrigerated milk in the city, it currently houses the Hong Kong Fringe Club and the Foreign Correspondents' Club. Although not officially on the street itself, the Bishop's House is situated across from the depot and overlooks it from an elevated vantage point. It serves as the residence of the Archbishop of Hong Kong (Anglican). The next landmark on the route is the flight of stairs that descend onto Duddell Street and contain four gas lamps from the 1870s that are declared monuments. Before the street intersects with Queen's Road Central, it passes the Club Lusitano. The club, which is the meeting point for Portuguese expatriates in the city, has been located on the site since 1920 when it moved down from its original 1866 site in Shelly Street. The building has since been reconstructed twice, in 1967 and 1996-2002 After crossing with Queen's Road, Ice House Street goes past 9 Queen's Road Central. Although the current skyscraper is located in the same place as a former building that stood on the site until 1987, the old complex's address was 9 Ice House Street. The street then intersects with Des Voeux Road Central and Chater Road before ending on Connaught Road Central. Other features Other buildings located along the street include: Former Central Government Offices West Wing – 11 Ice House Street Alexandra House and Prince's Building, between Des Voeux Road Central and Chater Road Mandarin Oriental, between Chater Road and Connaught Road Central Major intersections See also List of streets and roads in Hong Kong References External links Ice House Street and map – Lonely Planet Central, Hong Kong Roads in Hong Kong
5390321	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tax%20Increase%20Prevention%20and%20Reconciliation%20Act%20of%202005	Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005	The Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005 (or TIPRA, , ) is an American law, which was enacted on May 17, 2006. This bill prevents several tax provisions from sunsetting in the near future. The two most notable pieces of the bill are the extension of the reduced tax rates on capital gains and dividends and extension of the alternative minimum tax (AMT) tax reduction. Legislative history The U.S. House of Representatives approved the bill as , 244–185, and the U.S. Senate approved it 54-44, largely along party lines, with most Republicans supporting and most Democrats opposing. Excerpts from Detailed Summary of Conference Report Two-Year Extension of Reduced Rates on Capital Gains and Dividends Under current law, long-term capital gains and dividend income are taxed at a maximum rate of 15 percent through 2008. For taxpayers in the 10 and 15 percent tax brackets, the tax rate is 5 percent through 2007 and zero in 2008. The Conference Report extends the rates effective in 2008 through 2010. Without action, these rates would have increased after 2008. Alternative Minimum Tax Relief Increase in AMT Exemption Levels The provision extends the Alternative Minimum Tax (AMT) exemption levels through the end of 2006 at a higher level than in 2005. The new exemption levels for 2006 are $62,550 for joint filers, $42,500 for single filers and $31,275 for separate filers. AMT Relief for Non-Refundable Personal Tax Credits The tax code includes many non-refundable personal tax credits, such as the dependent care credit and the credit for the elderly and disabled, among others. Claiming these credits may push an individual in the AMT. The provision extends current law which allows most non-refundable personal tax credits to be claimed against the AMT so that families continue to receive the full benefit of these tax credits. Extension and Modification of Certain Provisions Two-Year Extension of Enhanced Section 179 Expensing for Small Business Under current law, small businesses may expense up to $100,000 of investments in depreciable assets. The deduction phases out dollar-for dollar to the extent the business's annual investments exceed $400,000. Without action, the expensing limit would have declined to $25,000 and the phase-out threshold would decline to $200,000 after 2007. Subpart F Subpart F of the tax code taxes U.S. shareholders of foreign companies (controlled foreign corporations or CFCs) as if certain types of income of the foreign company was paid as a dividend back to the shareholder, even though no dividend actually occurred and nothing was actually brought back to the United States. One provision extends an existing exception from Subpart F for active financing income for two years. A second provision provides a "CFC look-through" rule exception from Subpart F for cross-border payments of dividends, interest, rents, and royalties that are funded with active income that has not been repatriated. This "CFC look-through" rule will be effective for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2005 and before January 1, 2009. Other Provisions Simplification of Active Trade or Business Test The provision simplifies the application of the active trade or business test to certain corporate distributions. By applying this test on an affiliated group basis, the provision applies the same standard regardless of whether a business is owned by a holding company or owned directly. As a result, the provision allows corporations to avoid costly and inefficient internal restructurings prior to engaging in certain corporate distributions to their shareholders. Tax Treatment of Self-Created Musical Works The provision provides capital gains treatment for self-created musical works when these works are sold by the artist. Under current law, such sales are taxed as ordinary income. Amortization for Songwriters The provision allows taxpayers to elect to amortize the costs of creating or acquiring a musical composition over five years. This election would be made in lieu of the income forecast method for these advances. Loans to Qualified Continuing Care Facilities The provision reforms the tax treatment of loans to continuing care facilities. Corporate Estimated Tax Provisions The timing of certain corporate estimated tax installment payments has been changed. Revenue Offset Provisions Application of Earnings Stripping Rules to C Corporations Which are Partners The provision codifies proposed Treasury regulations attributing partnership interest income, interest expense and liabilities to corporate partners for purposes of applying the earning stripping rules. Amend Information Reporting Requirements to Include Interest on Tax-Exempt Bonds The provision provides that interest paid on tax-exempt bonds is subject to information reporting in the same manner as interest paid on taxable obligations. Amortization of Geological and Geophysical Expenditures for Major Integrated Oil & Gas Companies The provision replaces two-year amortization treatment for certain expenditures made by major integrated oil companies with five-year amortization treatment. Limitation on Certain Corporate "Cash Rich" Spin-Off Transactions The provision denies tax-free treatment to certain spin-offs where either the distributing corporation or the controlled corporation is a "disqualified investment corporation", defined as having investment assets that are two-thirds or more (75 percent or more under a first-year transition rule) or the value of the corporation's total assets. Offers-In-Compromise Partial Payments The provision requires that a taxpayer make a good faith down payment of 20 percent of any lump sum offer-in-compromise with any application for an offer. For periodic payment offers, the taxpayer is required to comply with their own payment schedule while the offer is being considered. The provision also provides that an offer is deemed accepted if the IRS does not make a decision with respect to the offer within two years from the date that the offer was submitted. Taxation of Passive Income of Minors Under current law, minors under age 14 are taxed on their unearned income (i.e. passive income such as interest) at their parent's marginal tax rate. The provision increases the age of minors subject to this tax to those minors under age 18. The provision also provides an exception for distributions from certain qualified disability trusts. Conversions to Roth IRAs The provision allows more taxpayers to convert from Traditional IRA to Roth IRA by removing the modified adjusted gross income (MAGI) limitation on such rollovers starting in 2010. Taxpayers who convert in 2010 may, as a special case, elect to pay tax on amounts converted in equal installments in 2011 and 2012. Domestic Manufacturing Deduction Wage Limitation The domestic manufacturing deduction for a taxable year is limited to 50 percent of the wages by the taxpayer during the calendar year that ends in such taxable year. The provision clarifies that only wages allocable to domestic production gross receipts are included for purposes of this limitation. Changes to Foreign Earned Income Exclusion () The provision increases the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion (FEIE) and advances the inflation-adjustment provision that was set to begin in 2008. However, the Act also includes a "stacking provision" that requires the FEIE to be excluded against the lowest tax brackets first. Additionally, the Act limits the related Foreign Housing Exclusion to a figure based on the excess of 16% of the value of the FEIE, with a cap of 30% of the value of the exclusion. (Previously, the figure was the excess of 16% of the salary of a federal worker grade G-14 Step 1, with no cap.) The Treasury was given authority to adjust this exclusion amount depending on cost-of-living factors in differing world metropolises. Criticism The TIPRA has been criticised by commentators and Democratic congressional representatives for providing what these critics believe are tax cuts only for the wealthy and corporations, doing little for low- and middle-income citizens and further increasing the federal budget deficit. Additionally, the Act imposed a retroactive tax increase on unearned income of many Americans living abroad who claimed the Foreign Earned Income Exclusion. This increase is amplified by the rapid decline of the dollar against most major foreign currencies which has decoupled the relationship between tax rate and real earnings (i.e. Americans abroad can expect increases in overall tax even if there are no increases to their real income in local currency). A provision amending the Internal Revenue Code of 1986 imposed of 3 percent withholding on certain payments made to vendors by government entities, starting on January 1, 2011. This implementation was pushed back to January 1, 2013. It was almost immediately criticized, and in October, 2011 the House passed HR 674 to repeal the provision entirely. References External links Ways and Means Committee Summary, via House.gov Senate Finance Committee Summary, via Senate.gov Statement of Managers, via Senate.gov Full text of the Act Estimated Revenue Effects, via House.gov Tax Increase Prevention and Reconciliation Act of 2005, via TaxAlmanac.com United States federal taxation legislation Acts of the 109th United States Congress
3997005	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermode	Kermode	Kermode is a surname of Manx origin. It may refer to: I Surname Robert Kermode (1812–1870), Tasmanian politician P. M. C. Kermode (Philip Moore Callow Kermode, 1855–1932), Manx antiquarian and historian Alexander Kermode (1876–1934), Australian cricketer Derwent William Kermode (died 1960), British diplomat Josephine Kermode (Cushag, 1852–1937), Manx poet and playwright Harry Kermode (1922–2009), Canadian basketball player Frank Kermode (1919–2010), British literary critic Jonathan Kermode (fl. 1970s), musician in the band Half Brother Robin Kermode (born 1958), British actor, author and communications coach Mark Kermode (born 1963), British film critic Chris Kermode (born 1965), English tennis administrator Other Kermode bear, also known as the spirit bear See also MacDermot, a surname of which Kermode is a variant Surnames of Manx origin Manx-language surnames
5390323	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austere%20%28EP%29	Austere (EP)	Austere is an EP by Sparta, released in 2002 on DreamWorks Records. Their first record, it was released one year after the break-up of At the Drive-In. Track listing "Mye" – 3:33 "Cataract" – 5:09 "Vacant Skies" – 3:32 "Echodyne Harmonic (de-mix)" – 3:50 Personnel Dave Shirk-Mastering Sparta-Engineer, Main Performer Mike Major-Producer, Engineer, Mixing Ron Handler-A&R Gabriel el Chino Gonzalez-Assistant Note All of these songs were re-recorded for Sparta's debut album Wiretap Scars, however "Vacant Skies" appeared on the UK version of the album, as a bonus track. It also appeared on the compilation album, Dragging the Lake II released by Atticus clothing company. It was recorded at Rosewood Studios in El Paso, Texas by Mike Major. References 2002 EPs Sparta (band) albums DreamWorks Records EPs
5390333	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interosseous%20recurrent%20artery	Interosseous recurrent artery	The interosseous recurrent artery (or recurrent interosseous artery) is an artery of the forearm which arises from the posterior interosseous artery near its origin. It ascends to the interval between the lateral epicondyle and olecranon, on or through the fibers of the supinator but beneath the anconeus. It anastomoses with the middle collateral artery. References Arteries of the upper limb
3997006	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Post-9/11	Post-9/11	The post-9/11 period is the time after the September 11 attacks, characterized by heightened suspicion of non-Americans in the United States, increased government efforts to address terrorism, and a more aggressive American foreign policy. Political consequences We also must never forget the most vivid events of recent history. On September the 11th, 2001, America felt its vulnerability – even to threats that gather on the other side of the earth. We resolved then, and we are resolved today, to confront every threat, from any source, that could bring sudden terror and suffering to America. - George W. Bush, 2002. The attacks led to significant and widespread changes in U.S. politics and foreign policy. Domestically, both parties rallied around new or strengthened anti-terrorism legislation. Much of this legislation has been funded by western countries. Since 9/11 and as of 2011, there have been 119,044 anti-terror arrests and 35,117 convictions in 66 countries. By contrast, before 9/11 there were only a few hundred terrorism convictions each year. In recent years, the war in Afghanistan, once viewed largely as a "just war", has lost popularity. , more than 60% of Americans opposed the war. During an interview for Frontline aired in 2021 former National Security Advisor Ben Rhodes, stated that Donald Trump was a true post 9/11 president and that "all the language, all the rhetoric, all the xenophobia, all the nationalism that is impossible without 9/11." Department of Homeland Security The United States government created the Department of Homeland Security (DHS) in response to the attacks. DHS is a cabinet-level department of the federal government of the United States charged with protecting the territory of the United States from terrorist attacks and responding to natural disasters. With approximately 184,000 employees, DHS is the third-largest cabinet department in the U.S. federal government, after the Department of Defense and the Department of Veterans Affairs. Homeland security policy is coordinated at the White House by the Homeland Security Council. Other agencies with significant homeland security responsibilities include the Department of Health and Human Services, the Department of Justice, and the Department of Energy. Societal consequences Suspicion In the U.S., many activities of foreigners or American citizens, which, prior to 9/11, would be viewed innocently (or as just eccentric), are now viewed with suspicion, especially in regards to the behavior of anyone who looks "Arab" in terms of clothing or skin color. Six Muslim imams were removed from a U.S. airliner when they prayed before the flight and showed "suspicious behavior". Various government agencies and police forces in the U.S. have asked people to watch people around them and report "unusual" behavior, and signs posted in all public places request citizens to report anything out of the ordinary. The United States Department of Homeland Security has advised citizens to "be vigilant, take notice of your surroundings, and report suspicious items or activities to local authorities immediately." Discriminatory backlash Since the attacks, Arab, Muslim, Sikh, and South-Asian Americans – as well as those perceived to be members of these groups – have been victims of threats, vandalism, arson, and murder in the United States. Anti-Muslim bias has also shown up in politics, policy, and media. In the years following the September 11, 2001, attacks, a cottage industry of misinformation experts devoted to spreading anti-Islam sentiment took root in the United States. The industry is made up of a tight-knit core of think tanks, pseudo-scholars, bloggers, and activists that are well-disciplined in their anti-Islamic messaging. These figures have gained in-roads with conservative media as well as in mainstream politics. Sometimes referred to as the “Counter-Jihad” movement, this social movement mainly exists to manufacture fear of Islam. This movement materialized post- September 11, 2001, in parallel with the United States government's “War on Terror,” invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq, and domestic surveillance programs. As author and scholar Khaled Beydoun writes in his book American Islamophobia, “The state has linked Muslims, whether immigrants or citizens, living in the United States or abroad, to the suspicion of terrorism, and has formally enacted a two-front war: the foreign war, and the surveillance, policing, and cultural wars deployed within the country. While hate crimes and biased incidents against Muslims or those perceived to be Muslim increased in the post-September 11 era, the sophisticated network of anti-Muslim groups did not fully shape up until around Barack Obama became president. The movement's mass organizing arm came together in 2010 with the opposition to the Park51 Islamic center in New York City. In his book The Islamophobia Industry, author Nathan Lean writes, “The political and social climate of 2010 was ripe for expressions of hate. Nine years after September 11, 2001, a time when many would have expected anti-Muslim sentiment to be in decline. In fact, it was higher than the days and weeks following that horrible fall tragedy." In 2010, a proposed Islamic center in New York City's Lower Manhattan became a flashpoint of Islamophobia in the United States. The effort was largely led by Robert Spencer and Pamela Geller, two anti-Muslim bloggers who would go on to form the Stop the Islamization of America group. The two came out in opposition to the proposed Park51 Islamic center, or the “Ground Zero Mosque” as it later be dubbed given its proximity to the fallen World Trade Center Towers. Geller claimed the mosque would be viewed by Muslims worldwide as a “triumphal monument” built on “conquered land.” Others political figures joined in on spreading conspiracy theories about Park51. Former American vice presidential candidate Sarah Palin called it “an intolerable mistake on hallowed ground.” Former House Speaker Newt Gingrich lamented it as “an act of triumphalism.” Geller and Spencer staged a protest against the mosque in 2010, which drew crowds both in support and opposition to the proposed Islamic center. In 2011, Spencer and Geller co-produced a film entitled, “The Ground Zero Mosque: Second Wave of the 9/11 Attacks.” This would be the first of several high-profile mosque opposition campaigns, with another taking place in that same year in Murfreesboro, Tennessee. Organized Islamophobia has since grown in the since after the September 11 attacks. The Southern Poverty Law Center reported a 197 percent increase in anti-Muslim hate groups between 2015 and 2016, rising from 34 to 101 active groups. The number has remained high since, with SPLC documenting 72 anti-Muslim hate groups in 2020. These groups continued to gain in-roads in media and politics. Media outlets like Fox News have provided space to Islamophobic figures like Brigitte Gabriel, Robert Spencer, and Frank Gaffney. These figures are repeatedly invited on Fox to discuss Islam, terrorism, and national security, despite their biased agenda. Media outlets like CNN (source) and MSNBC have also been accused of fomenting Islamophobia. Spreading Islamophobia proved to be politically expedient in the post-September 11 era. Islamophobic group members have gained political allies at the federal and state level. Sen. Ted Cruz has appeared at events put on the anti-Muslim think tank Center for Security Policy. Cruz tapped Center for Security Policy founder Frank Gaffney to serve on his foreign policy advisory during his 2016 presidential run. Republican Reps. Scott Perry, Brian Babin, and eight other federal lawmakers attended ACT for America's national conference in Washington, D.C. The SPLC has designated ACT for America as an anti-Muslim hate group. Former Washington State Rep. Matt Shea received an award from ACT in 2015. “I have proudly served my country, fighting against terrorism during combat tours in Bosnia and Iraq, but 9/11 taught us a hard lesson that we must be ever vigilant here in our homeland. We must always be prepared and ACT in defense of our country, the Constitution, and freedom," Shea said after receiving the award. Politics appears to be one of the main drivers of Islamophobia. A 2018 report from New America found that bigoted election campaigns were more likely to drive anti-Muslim activity rather than terrorist attacks. “Looking at the statistics, it is clear that the rise in these incidents are tied to the election cycle,” said Robert McKenzie, a senior fellow at New America, told The Intercept. “If spikes in anti-Muslim activity only occurred due to terrorism, we would expect to see more incidents following high-profile attacks like the Boston Marathon bombing and Charlie Hebdo, but we didn't. What we do have are folks running for elected office who are using megaphones to talk about how dangerous Muslims are.” A 2019 poll conducted the Institute for Social Policy and Understanding found that politics is more likely to drive Islamophobia versus one's faith. The poll also found that those who espouse beliefs Islamophobic are more likely to intolerant toward Jewish people or LGBT individuals. And as author and scholar Deepa Kumar observes, “In the political sphere, particularly during an election year, Islamophobia serves to garner political support for candidates, which they hope to translate into votes. While Donald Trump is the most egregious and visible voice of anti-Muslim racism in this group, the phenomenon is far bigger than Trump. As I have argued elsewhere, this is a bipartisan project. The endless war on terror that has consumed trillions of dollars could not be sustained without the fear of a Muslim terrorist enemy.” Peddling Islamophobic rhetoric in the post-September 11 world has become a lucrative job with millions of dollars sloshing around the movement. A 2013 report from the Center for American Progress found $42.6 million to Islamophobia think tanks between 2001 and 2009. A 2019 report from the Council on American-Islamic Relations found $125 million has been funneled to Islamophobic groups through foundations and donor-advised funds between 2014 and 2016. Safety concerns Due to many Americans having the fear of flying, auto usage increased after the attacks. This resulted in an estimated 1,595 additional highway deaths in the ensuing year. This fear of flying also created the Transportation Security Administration (TSA), which is used to increase safety and reduce fear of flying in citizens. Censorship Films and television programs produced before 2001 that feature the Twin Towers of the World Trade Center or events similar to 9/11 have been edited in re-airings on television. One such example is an episode of The Simpsons, "The City of New York vs. Homer Simpson," the main setting of which is the World Trade Center. After 9/11, Clear Channel Communications (an owner of over 1,000 radio stations in the U.S.) released a list of songs deemed "inappropriate". The songs were not banned outright, but stations were advised not to play them. The New York-based band Dream Theater released a live album titled Live Scenes from New York on September 11, 2001. The cover art depicted the Manhattan skyline, including the World Trade Center towers in flames. It was immediately recalled, and the artwork altered. Another New York-based band, The Strokes, originally had "New York City Cops" as the ninth track on their 2001 breakthrough debut album Is This It. The album, initially released in June of that year in Australia, was released stateside on October 9, with "New York City Cops" removed and replaced with the newer "When It Started" as a result of the attacks. In an act of self-censorship, American rock band Jimmy Eat World changed the title of their third album, Bleed American, to a self-titled album, after the attacks. British band Bush were forced to change the name of their single 'Speed Kills' to The People That We Love. They also changed the original artwork for their album Golden State before it was released which originally depicted a picture of a plane in mid-air. The music video for a song called 'Piece By Piece' by British band Feeder was also changed. The original video depicted animated characters of the band playing in a New York skyscraper with the World Trade Center in the background and planes flying near by. The band later jump from the window of the building. When Sean Altman recorded "Zombie Jamboree" for The GrooveBarbers album Guts, he changed the lyrics to, "There's an acapella zombie singing down Broadway" instead of the line that he and Rockapella had sung for years, "There's a high-wire zombie between the World Trades". See also List of unsuccessful terrorist plots in the United States post-9/11 Abdallah Higazy References Aftermath of the September 11 attacks Historical eras Consequences of events
5390350	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feral%20horse	Feral horse	A feral horse is a free-roaming horse of domesticated stock. As such, a feral horse is not a wild animal in the sense of an animal without domesticated ancestors. However, some populations of feral horses are managed as wildlife, and these horses often are popularly called "wild" horses. Feral horses are descended from domestic horses that strayed, escaped, or were deliberately released into the wild and remained to survive and reproduce there. Away from humans, over time, these animals' patterns of behavior revert to behavior more closely resembling that of wild horses. Some horses that live in a feral state but may be occasionally handled or managed by humans, particularly if privately owned, are referred to as "semi-feral". Feral horses live in groups called a herd, band, harem, or mob. Feral horse herds, like those of wild horses, are usually made up of small harems led by a dominant mare, containing additional mares, their foals, and immature horses of both sexes. There is usually one herd stallion, though occasionally a few less-dominant males may remain with the group. Horse "herds" in the wild are best described as groups of several small bands who share the same territory. Bands are normally on the small side, as few as three to five animals, but sometimes over a dozen. The makeup of bands shift over time as young animals are driven out of the band they were born into and join other bands, or as young stallions challenge older males for dominance. However, in a closed ecosystem (such as the isolated refuges in which most feral horses live today), to maintain genetic diversity, the minimum size for a sustainable free-roaming horse or burro population is 150–200 animals. Feral horse populations Horses that live in an untamed state, but have ancestors that have been domesticated, are not true "wild" horses; they are feral horses. The only truly wild horses in existence today are Przewalski's horse native to the steppes of central Asia. The best-known examples of feral horses are the "wild" horses of the American West. When Europeans reintroduced the horse to the Americas, beginning with the arrival of the conquistadors in the 15th century, some horses escaped and formed feral herds known today as mustangs. Australia has the largest population in the world, with in excess of 400,000 feral horses. The Australian name equivalent to the mustang is the brumby, feral descendants of horses brought to Australia by English settlers. In Portugal, a population of free-ranging feral horses, known as garrano, lives in the northern mountain chains. Isolated populations of feral horses occur in a number of other places, including Sable Island off the coast of Nova Scotia, Assateague Island off the coast of Virginia and Maryland, Cumberland Island, Georgia, and Vieques Island off the coast of Puerto Rico. Some of these horses are said to be the descendants of horses that managed to swim to land when they were shipwrecked. Others may have been deliberately brought to various islands by settlers and either left to reproduce freely or abandoned when assorted human settlements failed. More than 700 feral horses live in the foothills of Cincar Mountain, between Livno and Kupres, Bosnia and Herzegovina, in an area of roughly . These animals, which descend from horses set free by their owners in the 1950s, enjoy a protected status since 2010. A modern feral horse population (janghali ghura) is found in the Dibru-Saikhowa National Park and Biosphere reserve of Assam, in north-east India, and is a herd of about 79 feral horses descended from animals that escaped army camps during World War II. Many prehistoric horse species, now extinct, evolved in North America, but the feral horses of today are the offspring of horses that were domesticated in Europe. In the Western United States, certain bands of horses and burros are protected under the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971. About 40,000 mustangs are left in Florida. Modern feral horses Modern types of feral horses that have a significant percentage of their number living in a feral state, though domesticated representatives may exist, include these types, landraces, and breeds: Africa Kundudo horse, in the Kundudo region, Ethiopia; threatened with extinction Namib desert horse in Namibia North America see also Free-roaming horse management in North America Alberta Mountain Horse or Alberta Wildie, in the foothills of the Eastern Slopes of the Rocky Mountains of Alberta, Canada Banker horse on the Outer Banks of North Carolina, United States Chincoteague Pony on Assateague Island off the coasts of Virginia and Maryland, United States Cumberland Island horse on Cumberland Island off the coast of southern Georgia, United States Elegesi Qiyus Wild Horse (Cayuse) in the Nemaiah Valley, British Columbia, Canada Mustang in the western United States, legally protected by the Wild and Free-Roaming Horses and Burros Act of 1971 Nokota horse in North Dakota, United States Sable Island horse on Sable Island, Nova Scotia, Canada South America Lavradeiros in northern Brazil Small wild horses are established in the páramos of the Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta in Colombia and are believed to have descended from introductions made by Spanish conquistadors. A small population of feral horses lives in the foothills of Cordillera Real next to the city of La Paz in Bolivia; these individuals wander the high-altitude grassland up to 4700 m above sea level. The origin of this highly endangered herd is not well-known. Asia Misaki horse in Cape Toi, Japan Delft Island Horse on Neduntheevu or Delft Island, Sri Lanka. Feral Horses are believed to be the descendants of horses kept on the island from the time of Dutch occupation in Sri Lanka. Europe Danube Delta Horse, in and around Letea Forest, Romania Garrano, a feral horse native to northern Portugal Giara horse in Sardinia Marismeño in the Doñana National Park in Huelva, Spain Welsh Pony, mostly domesticated, but a feral population of about 180 animals roams the Carneddau hills of North Wales. Other populations roam the eastern parts of the Brecon Beacons National Park. Oceania Brumby in Australia Kaimanawa horse in New Zealand Marquesas Islands horse on Ua Huka, Marquesas Islands, French Polynesia Semi-feral horses In the United Kingdom, herds of free-roaming ponies live in apparently wild conditions in various areas, notably Dartmoor, Exmoor, Cumbria (Fell Pony), and the New Forest. Similar horse and pony populations exist elsewhere on the European continent. These animals, however, are not truly feral, as all of them are privately owned, and roam out on the moors and forests under common grazing rights belonging to their owners. A proportion of them are halter-broken, and a smaller proportion broken to ride, but simply turned out for a while for any of a number of reasons (e.g., a break in training to allow them to grow on, a break from working to allow them to breed under natural conditions, or retirement). In other cases, the animals may be government-owned and closely managed on controlled reserves. Camargue horse, in marshes of the Rhone delta, southern France Dartmoor pony, England; predominantly domesticated, also lives in semi-feral herds Exmoor pony, England; predominantly domesticated, also lives in semi-feral herds Fell pony, predominantly domesticated, also lives in semi-feral herds in northern England, particularly Cumbria. Gotlandsruss, lives in a semi-feral herd in Lojsta Moor on the Swedish Island of Gotland. Konik, predominantly domesticated, lives semi-feral in the Oostvaardersplassen in the Netherlands. New Forest pony, predominantly domesticated, also lives in semi-feral herds in the area of Hampshire, England Pottok, predominantly domesticated, also lives in semi-feral herds in the western Pyrenees Dülmen pony, a German pony that lives in a wild herd in Westphalia with little help by humans Population impacts Feral populations are usually controversial, with livestock producers often at odds with horse aficionados and other animal welfare advocates. Different habitats are impacted in different ways by feral horses. Where feral horses had wild ancestors indigenous to a region, a controlled population may have minimal environmental impact, particularly when their primary territory is one where they do not compete with domesticated livestock to any significant degree. However, in areas where they are an introduced species, such as Australia, or if the population is allowed to exceed available range, there can be significant impacts on soil, vegetation (including overgrazing), and animals that are native species. If a feral population lives close to civilization, their behavior can lead them to damage human-built livestock fencing and related structures. In some cases, where feral horses compete with domestic livestock, particularly on public lands where multiple uses are permitted, such as in the Western United States, there is considerable controversy over which species is most responsible for degradation of rangeland, with commercial interests often advocating for the removal of the feral horse population to allow more grazing for cattle or sheep, and advocates for feral horses recommending reduction in the numbers of domestic livestock allowed to graze on public lands. Certain populations have considerable historic or sentimental value, such as the Chincoteague pony that lives on Assateague Island, a national seashore with a delicate coastal ecosystem, or the Misaki pony of Japan that lives on a small refuge within the municipal boundaries of Kushima. These populations manage to thrive with careful management that includes using the animals to promote tourism to support the local economy. Most sustained feral populations are managed by various forms of culling, which, depending on the nation and other local conditions, may include capturing excess animals for adoption or sale. In some nations, management may include the often-controversial practice of selling captured animals for slaughter or simply shooting them. Fertility control is also sometimes used, though it is expensive and has to be repeated on a regular basis. See also Horse behavior List of BLM Herd Management Areas References External links Types of horse Mammals of North America Mammals of the United States Introduced mammals of Australia da:Vildhest de:Wildpferd lt:Tarpanas
5390356	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intermuscular%20septum	Intermuscular septum	Intermuscular septum can refer to: medial intermuscular septum of arm medial intermuscular septum of thigh lateral intermuscular septum of arm lateral intermuscular septum of thigh anterior intermuscular septum of leg posterior intermuscular septum of leg
5390368	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Gibbons%20%28politician%29	Robert Gibbons (politician)	Robert Gibbons (December 24, 1811 – August 19, 1898) was an Ontario political figure. He represented Huron South in the Legislative Assembly of Ontario as a Liberal member in 1867 and from 1871 to 1872. He was born in Glasgow, Scotland in 1811 and came to Lanark County in Upper Canada with his family in 1820. They spent five years farming near Potsdam, New York and then Robert moved to Goderich in 1832. He farmed there, raised livestock, and worked as a butcher. Gibbons served in the local militia during the Upper Canada Rebellion. He was warden (head of a county council) for Huron County and served as mayor of Goderich in 1853 to 1855. He was elected to the Ontario legislature in 1867 but unseated on appeal in 1868 and reelected in 1871; he resigned his seat to become sheriff for Huron County in 1872. He died at Goderich in 1898. References External links Member's parliamentary history for the Legislative Assembly of Ontario 1811 births Ontario Liberal Party MPPs Mayors of places in Ontario Politicians from Glasgow People from Lanark County Scottish emigrants to pre-Confederation Ontario 1898 deaths Immigrants to Upper Canada
5390372	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aljojuca	Aljojuca	Aljojuca Municipality is a municipality located in central eastern Puebla, Mexico. It is bordered by the municipalities of San Juan Atenco to the south, Chalchicomula de Sesma (Cd. Serdan) to the southeast, Tlachichuca to the east, San Nicolas, Buenos Aires to the north, and San Salvador El Seco to the west. Nearby is the highest peak of Mexico, Citlaltepetl or Pico de Orizaba. Located on the plains of San Andres, Aljojuca was founded in colonial times with its main purpose being the prime grazing lands around the small settlement. It quickly became the most established town between El Seco and San Andres Chalchicomula (now Serdan), providing employment to many of the region's Indigenous population. Currently the population numbers approximately 5000 and is distributed in the settlements of Aljojuca, San Miguel Tecuitlapa, and San Antonio Jalapasco. However the numbers continue to fall due to large-scale emigration, especially in recent years. Local attractions include a 1 km-wide volcanic crater lake, known as the Laguna de Aljojuca, a 19th-century church, completed in 1906, a 17th-century church, and the ruins of the hacienda Cascantla. References Municipalities of Puebla
3997025	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantherophis%20vulpinus	Pantherophis vulpinus	Pantherophis vulpinus, commonly known as the foxsnake (or eastern fox snake), is a species of rat snake that is endemic to North America. It is a non-venomous colubrid. Taxonomy Between about 1990 and 2011, foxsnakes were sometimes divided into two species, with P. vulpinus as the western foxsnake, and P. gloydi as the eastern foxsnake. A 2011 paper by Crother, White, Savage, Eckstut, Graham, Gardner proposed instead that the Mississippi River be established as the species boundary between two species of foxsnakes, and that those found to its east be considered P. vulpinus (including those previously known as P. gloydi) and those found to its west be given the new name P. ramspotti. This proposed that P. vulpinus, which had been known as the western foxsnake, become known as the eastern foxsnake, and the new P. ramspotti become known as the western foxsnake. Thus, P. vulpinus is sometimes called the western foxsnake and sometimes called the eastern foxsnake. Etymology The specific name, vulpinus, (meaning "fox-like") is in honor of Rev. Charles Fox (1815–1854), collector of the holotype, an academic play on words. Common names Other common names for P. vulpinus include eastern foxsnake, foxsnake, and fox snake. Description Adult eastern foxsnakes are in total length (including tail) and have a short, flattened snout. Dorsally, they are usually light golden brown with dark brown spots and they have a yellow checkerboard pattern on the belly. Like most North American snakes, foxsnakes are not venomous. Foxsnakes earned their name because the musk they give off when threatened smells similar to a fox. Geographic range Pantherophis vulpinus is found in the upper midwestern United States east of the Mississippi river. The geographic range of the closely related western fox snake (Pantherophis ramspotti) is west of the Mississippi river. The two species do not overlap and there is no intergrade zone. Habitat Varied, including open woodland, prairie, farmland, pastures and marshlands. Behavior These strong, agile snakes are also excellent climbers but are more often found on the ground. Fox Snakes are diurnal, but may hunt at night during the hot summer months. Like all snakes, fox snakes are cold-blooded and cannot adjust their own body temperature; so these snakes often hide in burrows or under logs or rocks to stay safe from extremely hot or cold weather. In winter, they hibernate underground, where they can avoid freezing temperatures. These docile, harmless snakes use several defensive behaviors against predators. They may shake their tails in dry leaves, sounding like rattlesnakes. They can also give off a stinky musk from glands near their tail, which makes them less appetizing to other animals. This musk has an odor similar to that of the red fox; this is the origin of the common name "fox snake". As a last resort, these snakes may hiss loudly and strike at the threat. Diet Fox Snakes are strict carnivores. Their primary diet consists of mice and other small rodents, but they will take any prey small enough to swallow whole, including young rabbits, frogs, fledgling birds and eggs. As constrictors, they subdue their prey by squeezing it between their coils. Life history Fox Snakes mate in April and May. Males wrestle with one another for the right to mate with females. In June, July or August, the female will bury a clutch of seven to 27 eggs under a log or in debris on the forest floor. These hatch after an approximately 60 day incubation period. Young fox snakes are usually much lighter in color than adults. They are often a welcome sight around farmlands, where they consume a large number of rodents that can otherwise be harmful to crops, or transmit parasites to captive animal stocks, though they are opportunistic feeders and will sometimes also eat fledgling chickens or eggs, which sometimes leads them to be erroneously called the chicken snake. Conservation status The eastern foxsnake is not listed on the IUCN Red List of Threatened and Endangered Species or CITES. While this snake is common within its range, many states have protected it, primarily to prevent over-collection for the pet trade. References Further reading Baird SF, Girard CF (1853). Catalogue of North American Reptiles in the Museum of the Smithsonian Institution. Part I.—Serpents. Washington, District of Columbia: Smithsonian Institution. xvi + 172 pp. (Scotophis vulpinus, new species, pp. 75–76). Behler JL, King FW (1979). National Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Knopf. 743 pp. . (Elaphe vulpina, pp. 608–609). Boulenger GA (1894). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume II., Containing the Conclusion of the Colubridæ Aglyphæ. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis, printers). xi + 382 pp. + Plates I-XX. (Coluber vulpinus, p. 49). Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. (hardcover), (paperback). (Elaphe vulpina vulpina, pp. 191–193, Figure 44 + Plate 28 + Map 148). Conant R, Bridges W (1939). What Snake is That?: A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. New York and London: D. Appleton-Century. Frontispiece map + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (Elaphe vulpina, pp. 62–63 + Plate 9, Figure 26). Harding JH (1997). Amphibians and Reptiles of the Great Lakes Region. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 400 pp. . Smith HM, Brodie ED Jr (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. . (Elaphe vulpina pp. 186–187). Wright AH, Wright AA (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). (Elaphe vulpina vulpina, pp. 262–266, Figure 81 + Map 23 on p. 223). Zim HS, Smith HM (1956). Reptiles and Amphibians: A Guide to Familiar American Species: A Golden Nature Guide. New York: Simon and Schuster. 160 pp. (Elaphe vulpina, pp. 92–93, 156). External links Pantherophis vulpinus (Baird & Girard , 1853), The Reptile Database Pantherophis vulpinus (Eastern Foxsnake, Eastern Fox Snake), The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Pantherophis vulpinus (Baird & Girard, 1853) – Eastern Foxsnake, The Illinois Natural History Survey Western Fox Snake (Pantherophis vulpinus), Reptiles and Amphibians of Iowa Colubrids Reptiles described in 1853 Taxa named by Spencer Fullerton Baird
3997029	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantherophis%20gloydi	Pantherophis gloydi	Pantherophis vulpinus, commonly known as the eastern foxsnake or eastern fox snake, is a species of rat snake in the family Colubridae. The species is nonvenomous and is endemic to the eastern Great Lakes region of the United States, as well as adjacent western Ontario in Canada. Pantherophis gloydi is sometimes considered a distinct species and sometimes considered a junior synonym of the species Pantherophis vulpinus. Etymology The specific name, gloydi, is in honor of American herpetologist Howard K. Gloyd. Speciation Between about 1990 and 2011, foxsnakes were sometimes divided into two species, with P. gloydi as the eastern foxsnake and P. vulpinus as the western foxsnake. A 2011 paper by Crother, White, Savage, Eckstut, Graham and Gardner proposed instead that the Mississippi River be established as the species boundary between two species of foxsnakes, and that those found to its east be considered P. vulpinus (including those previously known as P. gloydi) and those found to its west be given the new name P. ramspotti. Habitat P. vulpinus is found in marshes and other wetlands, as well as in adjacent fields and meadows. Geographic range P. v. gloydi is found in the eastern Great Lakes region. Both P. v. gloydi and P. v. vulpinus live in the state of Michigan. P. v. vulpinus lives in the Upper Peninsula of Michigan, where it is sometimes known as the pine snake, and P. v. gloydi lives in the Lower Peninsula of Michigan. P. v. gloydi can also be found in Ohio in the United States, and in Western Ontario in Canada. Status P. vulpinus is considered threatened over most of its range due to habitat loss. Numbers have plummeted because of the development of wetlands and coastal habitat. Its numbers have also fallen due to collection for the pet trade. P. vulpinus is often misidentified as the copperhead, Agkistrodon contortrix or as the massasauga, Sistrurus catenatus. P. vulpinus often rattles its tail similar to rattlesnakes as a form of mimicry. This behavior also contributes to its decline in numbers, as many people fear that the snake may be venomous. In Ohio, P. gloydi is listed as a "Species of Concern" by the Ohio Division of Wildlife. In Michigan it is listed as a "Threatened Species" by the DNR and is protected by state law. In Ontario the species is listed as "Threatened Provincially and Nationally". Diet and behavior A powerful constrictor, P. vulpinus will consume a variety of small mammals and birds. It has been hypothesized that it will also consume amphibians, but this has not been well documented. P. vulpinus will occasionally wiggle its tail, rustling leaves, to ward off potential predators. This is a form of mimicry. The sound resembles that of a rattlesnake. When threatened, it also may coil and, if it continues to feel threatened, strike. Reproduction Like all reptiles, P. vulpinus reproduces sexually and is an r-strategists according to r/K selection theory. An adult female may lay between 7 and 29 eggs, which generally hatch after about 60 days. Eggs are usually laid under logs, or in rotting wood or humus. Taxonomy Conservation Education may be the best form of conservation for P. vulpinus. Being able to differentiate between this species and venomous ones, such as the copperhead or the massasauga, may greatly reduce misidentification cases and subsequent deaths of the snake. See also Pantherophis ramspotti – the western fox snake (split from P. vulpinus in 2011) References External links Eastern Fox Snake (Elaphe vulpina gloydi ), Michigan Department of Natural Resources https://ssarherps.org/wp-content/uploads/2017/10/8th-Ed-2017-Scientific-and-Standard-English-Names.pdf==Further reading== Conant R (1940). "A New Subspecies of the Fox Snake, Elaphe vulpina Baird & Girard". Herpetologica 2 (1): 1-14. (Elaphe vulpina gloydi, new subspecies). Conant R (1975). A Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Second Edition. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. xviii + 429 pp. + Plates 1-48. (hardcover), (paperback). (Elaphe vulpina gloydi, p. 193 + Map 148). Schmidt, Karl P.; Davis, D. Dwight (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. (Elaphe vulpina gloydi, p. 153). Smith, Hobart M.; Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. (paperback), (hardcover). (Elaphe vulpina gloydi, pp. 186-187). Wright, Albert Hazen; Wright, Anna Allen (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in 2 volumes). (Elaphe vulpina gloydi, pp. 265–269, Figure 82 + Map 23 on p. 223). Reptiles of the United States Reptiles of Canada Colubrids Reptiles of Ontario Reptiles described in 1940 Taxobox binomials not recognized by IUCN
5390379	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Satana%20%28Marvel%20Comics%29	Satana (Marvel Comics)	Satana Hellstrom is a fictional character, a half-human/half-demon hybrid appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. She is the sister of Daimon Hellstrom and the daughter of Marduk Kurios. Satana, renamed Ana, made her live-action debut in the Hulu television series Helstrom, played by Sydney Lemmon. Publication history Satana first appeared in Vampire Tales #2 (cover-dated October 1973). She was created by Roy Thomas and John Romita Sr. She appeared as a regular character in Thunderbolts since issue #155, and remained with the team when the title transitioned into Dark Avengers beginning with issue #175. Fictional character biography Satana and Daimon were born in the fictional town of Greentown, Massachusetts. They were the half-human children of Satan (their father was later retconned into a demon named Marduk Kurios, who posed as Satan). Satana and her brother were groomed by their father to be evil, but Daimon rejected these teachings, while Satana embraced them. When Satana was still a child, her mother, Victoria Wingate, discovered her husband and children's true nature and was driven mad. Daimon was raised by servants, while Satana was taken to her father's particular Hell-dimension (of which there are many in the Marvel Universe) and taught black magic. As a reward for her devotion to him, Satana's father gave her a familiar named Exiter, with whom she formed a close bond. Satana began studying magic under her father and the demon Dansker. In Hell, her soul was bonded with an evil spirit called the Basilisk (not to be confused with the Basilisk) in order to increase her magical power. As an adult, Satana was banished to Earth by the Four as a succubus, draining the souls of men. When she does this, the victim's soul transforms into an ethereal butterfly; Satana then consumes its essence by eating it. She also possesses the ability to gain strength through the use of weapons that were used to kill a living being. In order to do this, she merely places a portion of her own blood on the chosen weapon. She used both her magic and sexual wiles to get the victims she needed. As a succubus, she stalked victims in New York City, and then in Los Angeles she befriended a Satanist named Ruth Cummins. When Ruth was killed, Satana avenged Ruth's death by destroying Darkos Edge and Harry Gotham. She later battled the Four, a mystic cabal. During Satana's first time in the mortal dimension, she was attacked by Monsignor Jimmy Cruz and his band of soldiers. During this battle, Cruz summoned demons called the N'Garai. Exiter tried to fend them off, but was killed trying to protect his mistress. Though she was too late to save her beloved Exiter, Satana gained her revenge by killing Cruz and consuming his soul. She confronted her father, who was disguised as Miles Gorney, and defied him by saving Michael Heron's soul from him. Some time later, Satana was seemingly destroyed by her brother Daimon Hellstrom, but she defeated the demoness Kthara. She was transformed by the Camarilla of the N'Garai into a human, Judith Camber. She was restored to normal, and destroyed the Camarilla. Eventually, however, the demon to which she had been bonded began to desire its freedom. The Basilisk managed to put a curse on Doctor Strange, basically turning him into a werewolf. With the help of Spider-Man, Satana was able to free Strange's soul from the curse, but the Basilisk was released in the process, and stabbed her in the back with a mystical blade. Satana died laughing, however, because their life-forces were still bound together; by killing her, the Basilisk had sealed its own fate as well. She had thus sacrificed her life to cure Strange of lycanthropy. As a supernatural being, however, Satana's death was not permanent. Her spirit returned to her father's realm of Hell for a time, until she and a cabal of demons arranged to have her soul (among others) placed into a soulless body on Earth. There she began to build her powers again, preparing to return to Hell and conquer her father's realm. At some point, she apparently died again. In the short-lived Marvel series Witches, Satana is resurrected again by Doctor Strange and teamed with two other magic-wielding females to defeat a powerful mystic enemy called the Hellphyr, which was a front for her father Marduk Kurios. According to that series, the three witches formed a coven in order to protect the Tome of Zhered-na (a powerful Book of Shadows belonging to the Kale family) from would-be thieves such as Doctor Strange. After a brief cameo in Nick Fury's Howling Commandos, Satana has been shown to have reverted to her former wicked ways; reaping souls in Manhattan and plotting her father's overthrow from the comfort of a desecrated church. Despite her fatherly conflict, Satana revealed that for every mortal victim she takes, she must offer the 10th victim as supplication to her father. The Hood seeks her out to find out more information about Dormammu. Some time after the fall of the Hood, Luke Cage and Doctor Strange attempt to apprehend her for working with the Hood and to get her to join the Thunderbolts. She is initially resistant, but happily agrees when she realizes she will get to work with the Man-Thing. In the course of Marvel's Deadpool Team-Up series, Satana loses her soul to four geeks in a high-stakes poker game, and she subsequently seeks out Deadpool's help to get it back. Deadpool discovers the poker-playing geeks are actually demons debating which will marry Satana to become the heir to Hell. Deadpool comes up with a plan to swindle Satana's soul back from the demons: he marries her, binding their souls together. Satana strengthens Deadpool's katana swords with his own soul power to make the inevitable fight with the demon suitor more evenly matched. When the demon comes to take Satana as his bride, Deadpool produces the marriage certificate, denying the demon his bride. The demon then points out the loophole—marriage is only valid until death; therefore, he decides to kill Deadpool. In the ensuing battle, Deadpool uses his soul-enhanced swords to easily dispatch the demon. Afterwards, Satana slips off and leaves Deadpool a letter explaining the inevitable divorce. She indicates she will be keeping half his soul—her entitlement in the divorce settlement. She later was involved in a battle with several Hell-lords, attempting to take control of new territories within Hell. She was killed in battle by the mutant / Asgardian god hybrid Tier. Powers and abilities Satana is a half-demon/half-human hybrid, and a succubus; she has some innate mystical abilities inherited from her father, as well as some that her father granted to her. As a succubus, she is able to extract and feed upon the psychic energy of human male souls to increase her abilities and magical power; for a time, Satana had to extract and feed upon the psychic energy of human souls periodically to survive. She has the ability to manipulate magical forces for a variety of effects, including inter-dimensional teleportation, levitation, and the projection of concussive bolts of eldritch energy in the form of "soulfire" or hellfire. She also had a limited ability to hypnotize her victims and control their minds psionically. If she touches an object used to kill someone (like a knife or sword) she can absorb its "blood energy" to become stronger in proportion to the souls the weapon has taken. She also has superhuman strength. For a time, she had the ability to contain the Basilisk, a powerful demon, within her spirit and to release it to do her bidding and then return within herself. Satana also trained in the mystic arts and learned how to cast spells and perform witchcraft. She was trained by her father "Satan" in the use of her demonic powers. Other versions The Supernaturals In a 4-issue alternate reality miniseries called The Supernaturals, Satana is Melissa Ramos, a Catholic girl who is possessed by a demon. She is recruited by a magician named Brother Voodoo, along with alternate versions of the Werewolf, the Black Cat, the Ghost Rider, and the Gargoyle to fight a mystical threat. This version of Satana has mystical control over fire, as well as the power to fly. Despite her demonic possession, she has a very pure soul, and was going to be offered as a sacrifice by a demon called the Jack 'O' Lantern, until she was saved by the Werewolf. In other media Television Satana Hellstrom, renamed Ana Hellstrom, appears in Helstrom, portrayed by Sydney Lemmon. Video games Satana appears as one of the patrons at a demonic bar in Morrigan's ending for Marvel vs. Capcom 3: Fate of Two Worlds and Ultimate Marvel vs. Capcom 3. Satana appeared as a boss and an unlockable playable character in Marvel Avengers Alliance. Satana appeared as a boss and an unlockable playable character in Marvel Avengers Academy. Satana appears as an unlockable playable character in Marvel Future Fight. Reception Satana was ranked #20 on a listing of Marvel Comics' monster characters in 2015 by Den of Geek. Notes In Tales to Astonish #3, there is a character called Princess Satana. References External links Satana bio at Marvel.com Satana at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on February 15, 2017. To Hell With Spandex - retrospective at Den Of Geek Characters created by John Romita Sr. Characters created by Roy Thomas Comics characters introduced in 1973 Fictional characters from Massachusetts Fictional characters with fire or heat abilities Fictional half-demons Fictional succubi Marvel Comics characters who use magic Marvel Comics characters with superhuman strength Marvel Comics devils Marvel Comics female superheroes Marvel Comics hybrids Marvel Comics television characters Marvel Comics witches
5390382	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive%20non-interventionism	Positive non-interventionism	Positive non-interventionism was the economic policy of Hong Kong; this policy can be traced back to the time when Hong Kong was under British rule. It was first officially implemented in 1971 by Financial Secretary of Hong Kong John Cowperthwaite, who believed that the economy was doing well in the absence of government intervention but that it was important to create the regulatory and physical infrastructure to facilitate market-based decision making. The policy was continued by subsequent Financial Secretaries, including Sir Philip Haddon-Cave. Economist Milton Friedman has cited it as a fairly comprehensive implementation of laissez-faire policy. First-hand explanation According to Cowperthwaite: In the long run, the aggregate of decisions of individual businessmen, exercising individual judgment in a free economy, even if often mistaken, is less likely to do harm than the centralised decisions of a government; and certainly the harm is likely to be counteracted faster. According to Haddon-Cave: positive non-interventionism involves taking the view that it is normally futile and damaging to the growth rate of an economy, particularly an open economy, for the Government to attempt to plan the allocation of resources available to the private sector and to frustrate the operation of market forces. Haddon-Cave goes on to say that the "positive" part means the government carefully considers each possible intervention to determine "where the advantage" lies, and, although usually it will come to the conclusion that the intervention is harmful, sometimes it will decide to intervene. See also John James Cowperthwaite Milton Friedman Philip Haddon-Cave References External links Big Market, Small Government- by Donald Tsang, Chief Executive of Hong Kong Economic ideologies Economy of Hong Kong Capitalism
3997050	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun-2	Sun-2	The Sun-2 series of UNIX workstations and servers was launched by Sun Microsystems in November 1983. As the name suggests, the Sun-2 represented the second generation of Sun systems, superseding the original Sun-1 series. The Sun-2 series used a 10 MHz Motorola 68010 microprocessor with a proprietary Sun-2 Memory Management Unit (MMU), which enabled it to be the first Sun architecture to run a full virtual memory UNIX implementation, SunOS 1.0, based on 4.1BSD. Early Sun-2 models were based on the Intel Multibus architecture, with later models using VMEbus, which continued to be used in the successor Sun-3 and Sun-4 families. Sun-2 systems were supported in SunOS until version 4.0.3. A port to support Multibus Sun-2 systems in NetBSD was begun in January 2001 from the Sun-3 support in the NetBSD 1.5 release. Code supporting the Sun-2 began to be merged into the NetBSD tree in April 2001. sun2 is considered a tier 2 support platform as of NetBSD 7.0.1. Sun-2 models Models are listed in approximately chronological order. A desktop disk and tape sub-system was introduced for the Sun-2/50 desktop workstation. It could hold a 5 ¼" disk drive and 5 ¼" tape drive. It used DD-50 (sometimes erroneously referred to as DB-50) connectors for its SCSI cables, a Sun specific design. It was often referred to as a "Sun Shoebox". Sun-1 systems upgraded with Sun-2 Multibus CPU boards were sometimes referred to as the 2/100U (upgraded Sun-100) or 2/150U (upgraded Sun-150). A typical configuration of a monochrome 2/120 with 4 MB of memory, 71 MB SCSI disk and 20 MB 1/4" SCSI tape cost $29,300 (1986 US price list). A color 2/160 with 8 MB of memory, two 71 MB SCSI disks and 60 MB 1/4" SCSI tape cost $48,800 (1986 US price list). A Sun 2/170 server with 4 MB of memory, no display, two Fujitu Eagle 380 MB disk drive, one Xylogics 450 SMD disk controller, a 6250 bpi 1/2 inch tape drive and a 72" rack cost $79,500 (1986 US price list). Sun-2 hardware Sun 2 Multibus systems Sun 2/120 (9 slot deskside) and 2/170 (15 slot rackmount) systems were based on the Multibus architecture. The CPU board was based on a 10 MHz 68010 processor with a proprietary Sun Memory Management Unit (MMU) and could address 8 MB of physical and 16 MB of virtual memory. The top 1 MB of physical memory address space was reserved for the monochrome frame buffer. The Multibus CPU board supported the Sun-1 parallel keyboard and mouse as well as two serial ports. Sun 2 VMEbus systems The Sun 2/50 (2 slot desktop), Sun 2/130 (12 slot monochrome deskside) and Sun 2/160 (12 slot color deskside) used quad-depth, triple height Eurocard VMEbus CPU boards. The VMEbus CPU board was based on the same design as the Multibus CPU but also included 2 MB or 4 MB of memory, the Sun-2 monochrome frame buffer, and 10 Mbit/s Thick Ethernet on board. Sun provided 1 MB Multibus memory boards and 1 MB and 4 MB VMEbus memory boards but only supported configurations with a maximum of 4 MB RAM. Companies such as Helios Systems also made 4 MB memory boards that would work in Sun systems. A common frame buffer was the Sun-2 Prime Monochrome Video. This board provided an 1152x900 monochrome display with TTL or ECL video signals, and keyboard and mouse ports. It normally occupied the top 1 MB of physical memory address space. There was also a Sun-2 Color Video board available that provided an 1152x900 8-bit color display. This board occupied the top 4 MB of address space. 42 MB MFM disks were commonly used for storage. Two disks could be connected to an Adaptec MFM/SCSI and then to a Sun-2 Multibus Serial/SCSI Host Adapter. The SCSI board provided two additional serial ports. For larger storage requirements, 65, 130, and 380 MB SMD disks were connected to a Xylogics 450 SMD Controller. The SMD controller could support four disks even though Sun only supported two. A 20 MB QIC tape drive could be connected through an Archive QIC/SCSI converter. The system also supported 1/2" tape drives connected to a Computer Products Corporation TAPEMASTER or a Xylogics 472 board. An Ethernet connection was provided by a Sun board based on the Intel 82586 chip, or a 3Com 3c400 board. The server could support diskless Sun-2/50 clients through the Ethernet board. Other supported Multibus boards included the Sky Computer Floating Point Processor, Sun ALM (Asynchronous Line Multiplexer) with 8 serial ports, and Sun SunLink Communications Processor (SCP) for SNA and X.25 connectivity. Reception BYTE in August 1984 described the Sun-2/120 as a "VAX-class machine", with "superb graphics and excellent response time under loading". See also Sun-1 Sun-3 Sun386i Sun-4 SPARCstation References External links The Sun Hardware Reference, Part 1 The Sun-2 Hardware Reference: Part 1 and Part 2 soupwizard.com Sun-2 Archive Sun2 Review from UNIX/WORLD October 1984 Sun 100u with Sun2 boards Sun 2 board manuals gunkies.org Sun-2 wiki The Machine Emulator (Sun-2 Emulator running on NetBSD) Computer-related introductions in 1983 Diskless workstations Sun servers Sun workstations 68k architecture 32-bit computers
5390386	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Hall%20%28golfer%29	Jeff Hall (golfer)	Jeffrey R. Hall (born 5 July 1957) is an English professional golfer. Hall was born in Bristol. He turned professional in 1976 and joined the European Tour the following year. He finished in the top one hundred of the European Tour Order of Merit seven times (1978–84) with a best ranking of 28th in 1983. His sole European Tour win came at the 1983 Jersey Open. He also won the 1992 Memorial Olivier Barras on the second tier Challenge Tour. Professional wins (3) European Tour wins (1) Challenge Tour wins (1) Swedish Golf Tour wins (1) Results in major championships Note: Hall only played in The Open Championship. CUT = missed the halfway cut (3rd round cut in 1984 Open Championship) External links English male golfers European Tour golfers Sportspeople from Bristol 1957 births Living people
3997052	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disney%20Mobile	Disney Mobile	Disney Mobile is an American division of Disney Consumer Products, a subsidiary of The Walt Disney Company, that designs mobile apps, content and services. History In August 2000, Walt Disney Internet Group (WDIG) entered the mobile content market in Japan with an agreement with NTT DoCoMo to launch the Disney-i content service. In November 2003, WDIG and Index Corporation agreed to "develop and distribute Disney-branded mobile content for the Chinese market" and that Index would, in conjunction with China Mobile, work to launch the Disney Mobile service. Walt Disney Internet Group launched DisneyMobile.com in December 2003 as a portal for Disney Mobile content. Starting in January 2004, WDIG licensed Disney Mobile content to KPN, a prominent Dutch telecom firm. In March 2004, WDIG agreed to a licensing deal with Vodafone to provide Disney Mobile services in 14 countries: Australia, Egypt, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Ireland, Italy, Malta, The Netherlands, New Zealand, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, and Switzerland. Also in 2004, Disney re-activated the Starwave identity as Starwave Mobile, which publishes casual games for mobile phones for non-Disney brands within Disney's conglomerate or from third parties. Sprint and Disney had previously launched a phone service for sports fans using content from Disney's sports channel, ESPN, branded Mobile ESPN. The company, working with Sprint, started a mobile virtual network operator in the United States, which launched in June 2006. Earlier, DMobile and O2 agreed to a mobile virtual network operator agreement in April 2006 for the United Kingdom. In August 2006, DMobile halted its plans to roll out its wireless service in the UK, citing "adverse changes in the retail environment for its decision". In September 2007, DMobile stopped signing up new wireless customers and discontinued the wireless service altogether on December 31, 2007. DMobile decided to shift its strategy by licensing its mobile suite, Family Center, and its content to other providers. However, in November 2007, Disney Japan and Softbank announced a wireless service joint venture, Disney Mobile, to be launched in 2008. In July 2010, Disney purchased Tapulous to increase available mobile expertise. In 2011, Bart Decrem of Tapulous was appointed general manager of DMobile. Launched September 22, 2011, Where's My Water?, a mobile game, starring Swampy the alligator - the first Disney original mobile character - rivaled Angry Birds for 20 days in October 2011, even becoming the top mobile game on the iTunes bestseller charts for a short time. This has led to a YouTube channel with a web series for Swampy. Where's My Water? has inspired several spin-offs, including “Where's My Perry?” and “Where's My Mickey?”. Also launched by DMobile in September 2011 was Puffle Launch, a mobile version of the game played on Club Penguin. In October 2011, working with Spin Master, DMobile launched the first Disney Appmates game with Cars 2 toys that interact with an iPad screen. With a decrease in venture capital flowing into game companies, Disney Interactive, including Disney Mobile, has been able to find co-development partners easier. This co-development model has lifted Disney to have 11 games among the 200 most-downloaded. Disney Mobile teamed up with Imangi Studios to release a version of Temple Run based on the film Brave, titled Temple Run: Brave. DMobile teamed up with developer Hipster Whale to release Disney Crossy Road on April 6, 2016, which in two days became the top downloaded game on iOS. Wireless In the US, Disney Mobile operated on Sprint's CDMA network. Disney handled the administrative side and marketed the service to family subscribers. Disney Mobile's offerings included Family Center suite, a multiple family-friendly applications to help parents manage their family's mobile phone experience. The innovative family monitor and call control features allowed parents to set spending limits and decide when the phone could and couldn't be used. The family locator service allowed parents to use GPS to locate their child's phone. There was also a family alert feature that let the whole family send text messages to each other. Disney and Sprint had hoped that Disney Mobile content and applications would help drive demand for data services. Game support Disney Mobile is well-known for producing a myriad of games for iOS and Android, but due to the limitations of its support team, it must discontinue old games before releasing new ones. Some games, such as Where's My Water? will continue to be supported indefinitely. Related developers Rovio Entertainment Outfit7 Kongregate Executives George Grobar, senior vice president and General manager (2005–2008) Bart Decrem, General manager (2011–present) See also SoftBank Mobile References External links Disney Mobile Official Website (Japanese) Sprint Corporation Companies based in Palo Alto, California Defunct mobile phone companies of the United States Disney Interactive Mobile game companies Mobile phone companies of Japan Mobile virtual network operators SoftBank Group
5390403	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dean%20West	Dean West	Dean West (born 5 December 1972) is an English former professional footballer. He is now a coach for Lincoln City youth team and centre of excellence. He is best known as a right sided full-back, but can also play in midfield if needed. Throughout his career, West has been known as a committed and dedicated full back who loves to overlap with the winger in front of him and get forward at every opportunity. Career Lincoln City West began his career as a trainee at Lincoln City where he graduated to the first team after undergoing his youth training. West would play for The Imps between 1991 and 1995, making 119 league appearances and scoring an impressive 20 goals. Bury The young right-back began to put in some excellent displays and was spotted by Stan Ternent the manager of Bury who would sign him in exchange for Kevin Hulme in September 1995. West became very popular with the fans at Gigg Lane and made the right-back slot his own, helping Bury to rapid promotion up to the First Division and making over 100 appearances for the club. Burnley It was at the end of the 1997/98 season when Ternent left Bury to become manager of Burnley, a club he had played for and had deep emotional ties to. In 1999, West followed Ternent, signing for Burnley on a free transfer under the Bosman ruling. West was initially very impressive and won over the Clarets' faithful with a series of excellent performances, culminating in his winning 11 of the 15 player of the season awards, handed out by Burnley supporters' clubs across the country, at the end of the 2001–2002 season. Lincoln City (second spell) He moved back to the club he had begun his footballing career at – Lincoln City, but failed to make any impression, starting just four games before being used in a player exchange deal. Boston United West made the move to local rivals Boston United. He played for Boston up until the end of the 2004–2005 season after which he was released. King's Lynn He subsequently joined King's Lynn where he spent three seasons making a total of 143 appearances (119 in the league), scoring three times. Corby Town In July 2008 he joined Corby Town. In May 2007, West made a return to Turf Moor to play in the testimonial of his former teammate Graham Branch. Lincoln Moorlands Railway In July 2011 Dean joined up with former Lincoln City teammate Danny George as Player-Assistant Manager of Lincoln Moorlands Railway, with George being Player-Manager. Stamford Dean relinquished his duties as Lincoln Moorlands Railway manager during the summer of 2012, joining Stamford as a player & coach reforming his partnership with Graham Drury following recent seasons as player & coach at Corby Town. Personal life A few months before his Boston United contract ended, West made the bold decision of venturing into business buying a children's nursery. In an interview with www.football-league.co.uk, Dean said: "We needed something sustainable that was going to work. We looked at a nursing home but a nursery came up about six or seven miles from our house and it was a reasonable price. It wasn't doing too well, but we took it. "We had never run a business before, and had never owned a nursery, but we gave it a good go and we had it for seven years – we have just sold it." References External links Lincoln City F.C. Official Archive Profile 1972 births Living people English footballers Sportspeople from Morley, West Yorkshire Lincoln City F.C. players Bury F.C. players Burnley F.C. players Boston United F.C. players King's Lynn F.C. players Corby Town F.C. players Lincoln Moorlands Railway F.C. players English Football League players Stamford A.F.C. players Association football defenders
3997053	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manzanita%20Sol	Manzanita Sol	Manzanita Sol is a brand of apple-flavored soft drinks owned by PepsiCo and is predominant in Mexico. In the United States it is sold in 12-pack cans, 2-liter, and 20-ounce bottles. The drink is known to be available at Walmart, Albertsons, H-E-B, Ralphs, Kmart, Food 4 Less, Jewel-Osco, Dominick's, Target, Vons, Stater Bros., United Supermarkets in the Amarillo and Lubbock, Texas area, and other smaller chains and smaller family run stores. In Latin American countries, Manzanita Sol will compete with The Coca-Cola Company's Manzana Lift. Manzanita Sol is PepsiCo's number two brand in Mexico, with apple being Mexico's second most popular soft drink flavor. It is also very popular in the borderlands such as the El Paso/Juarez border. In January 2014, Taco Bell added Manzanita Sol to their choice of beverages. This beverage product became available at Golden Corral a year later. In 2017, Taco Bell removed Manzanita Sol from their choice of beverages. "Manzanita Sol" is Spanish for "little apple sun". References "Pepsi to aim for Hispanic market via Mexican soft drinks", Dallas Morning News (mirrored by bevnet.com). March 28, 2005. Retrieved February 7, 2005. External links Manzanita Sol official website DeliciousSparklingTemperanceDrinks.net, description and review PepsiCo soft drinks Apple sodas
5390412	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verdelle%20Smith	Verdelle Smith	Verdelle Smith is an American pop singer who was a one-hit wonder with the song "Tar and Cement" in 1966, an adaptation of the Italian massive hit "Il ragazzo della via Gluck" from Adriano Celentano. She currently lives in Brooklyn, New York. Selective discography Singles Issued on Capitol Records in the United States. Some also on Capitol in Canada and Australia; EMI in the UK; Peak Records in New Zealand. "(Alone) In My Room" was originally a Spanish song written by Joaquin Pieto, and was later recorded by the Walker Brothers on their second LP, Portrait (1966); by Nancy Sinatra, also in 1966, for her debut album Boots; Willie and the Walkers (#40 in Canada, Jan.1968); and by Marc and the Mambas for their 1983 album Torment and Toreros. The English lyrics were also written by Pockriss and Vance. "Oh How Much I Love You" "Tar and Cement": Verdelle Smith recorded "Tar and Cement", an English-language version of the 1966 Italian song "Il ragazzo della via Gluck" by singer Adriano Celentano. Her English version was written by Lee Pockriss and Paul Vance. "Tar and Cement" made it to No. 2 in Australia and to No. 38 in the United States It was also No.6 on "Keener 13" from Detroit radio station WKNR for the week ending June 27, 1966. In Canada, it reached #32. "I Don't Need Anything", which was later a minor UK hit in 1967 for Sandie Shaw. "If You Can't Say Anything Nice About Me" "Baby, Baby" / "There's So Much Love All Around Me" "Life Goes On" / "Juanito" "Carnaby's Gone Away" / "Sittin' and Waitin'" "Ther`s so much love all around me" Albums (Alone) In My Room, Capitol Records, 1966. Produced by Marvin Holtzman, arranged by Lee Pockriss. Tar and Cement—The Complete Recordings 1965–1967, Omni Recordings, 2013. References External links 21st-century African-American women singers American women pop singers Living people Year of birth missing (living people)
3997066	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Willson	Henry Willson	Henry Leroy Willson (July 31, 1911 – November 2, 1978) was an American Hollywood talent agent who played a large role in developing the beefcake craze of the 1950s. He was known for his stable of young, attractive clients, including Rock Hudson, Tab Hunter, Chad Everett, Robert Wagner, Nick Adams, Guy Madison, Troy Donahue, Mike Connors, Rory Calhoun, John Saxon, Yale Summers, Clint Walker, Doug McClure, Dack Rambo, Ty Hardin, and John Derek. He noticed Rhonda Fleming as she was walking to Beverly Hills High School, brought her to the attention of David O. Selznick, and helped groom her for stardom. He was also instrumental in advancing Lana Turner's career. Early life Willson was born into a prominent show business family in Lansdowne, Pennsylvania. His father, Horace, was the vice-president of the Columbia Phonograph Company and advanced to the presidency in 1922. Willson came in close contact with many Broadway theatre, opera, and vaudeville performers. Will Rogers, Fanny Brice, and Fred Stone numbered among the family's friends, after they moved to Forest Hills, an upscale neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. Concerned about his son's interest in tap dance, the elder Willson enrolled Henry in the Asheville School in North Carolina, where he hoped the school's many team sports and rugged weekend activities, such as rock climbing and backpacking, would have a positive influence on the boy. He later attended Wesleyan University in Middletown, Connecticut, spending weekends in Manhattan, where he wrote weekly gossip columns for Variety. Hollywood years In 1933, Willson traveled to Hollywood by steamship via the Panama Canal. On board he cultivated a friendship with Bing Crosby's wife, Dixie Lee, who introduced him to the Hollywood elite and secured him a job with Photoplay, where his first article was about the newborn Gary Crosby. He began writing for The Hollywood Reporter and the New Movie Magazine, became a junior agent at the Joyce & Polimer Agency, moved into a Beverly Hills home purchased by his father, and became a regular at Sunset Strip gay bars, where he wooed young men for both professional and personal reasons. One of his first clients was Junior Durkin, whose career was cut short when he died in an automobile accident on May 4, 1935. Willson joined the Zeppo Marx Agency, where he represented newcomers Marjorie Belcher, Jon Hall, and William T. Orr. He was introduced to Julia Turner, a Hollywood High School student, in 1937, whom he renamed "Lana Turner" and got cast in small roles, finally introducing her to Mervyn LeRoy at Warner Bros. In 1943, David O. Selznick hired Willson to head the talent division of his newly formed Vanguard Pictures. The first film he cast was the World War II drama Since You Went Away (1944) with Claudette Colbert, Jennifer Jones, and Shirley Temple. He placed Guy Madison, Craig Stevens, and John Derek (billed as Dare Harris) in small supporting roles. Willson eventually opened his own talent agency, where he nurtured the careers of his young finds, frequently coercing them into sexual relationships in exchange for publicity and film roles. In his book, Screened Out: Playing Gay in Hollywood from Edison to Stonewall, Richard Barrios writes, "talent agent Henry Willson... had a singular knack for discovering and renaming young actors whose visual appeal transcended any lack of ability. Under his tutelage, Robert Mosely became Guy Madison, Orison Whipple Hungerford Jr. was renamed Ty Hardin, Arthur Gelien was changed to Tab Hunter, and Roy Scherer turned into Rock Hudson. So successful was the beefcake aspect of this enterprise, and so widely recognized was Willson's sexuality, that it was often, and often inaccurately, assumed that all of his clients were gay. In her book "Natasha: The Biography of Natalie Wood", Suzanne Finstad confirms that "some of the would-be actors Willson represented were heterosexual, but a disproportionate number were homosexual, bisexual, or 'co-operated' with Willson 'to get gigs,' in the observation of Natalie [Wood]'s costar Bobby Hyatt. ..." "if a young, handsome actor had Henry Willson for an agent, 'it was almost assumed he was gay, like it was written across his forehead,' recalls Ann Doran, one of Willson's few female clients." His most prominent client was Rock Hudson, whom he transformed from a clumsy, naive, Chicago-born truck driver named Roy Scherer into one of Hollywood's most popular leading men. The two were teamed professionally until 1966. In 1955, Confidential magazine threatened to publish an exposé about Hudson's secret homosexual life, and Willson disclosed information about Rory Calhoun's years in prison and Tab Hunter's arrest at a gay party in 1950 in exchange for the tabloid not printing the Hudson story. At his agent's urging, Hudson married Willson's secretary Phyllis Gates in order to put the rumors to rest and maintain a macho image, but the union dissolved after three years. Later years and death In his later years, Willson struggled with drug addiction, alcoholism, paranoia, and weight problems. Because his own homosexuality had become public knowledge, many of his clients, both gay and straight, distanced themselves from him for fear of being branded the same. In 1974, the unemployed and destitute agent moved into the Motion Picture & Television Country House and Hospital, where he remained until he died of cirrhosis of the liver. With no money to cover the cost of a gravestone, he was interred in an unmarked grave in Valhalla Memorial Park Cemetery in North Hollywood, California. A headstone was eventually placed at his burial site with the epitaph "Star - Star Maker". In popular culture Willson is portrayed by Jim Parsons in the 2020 Netflix miniseries Hollywood, a counterfactual re-imagining of post World War II Hollywood. Notes References Richard Barrios, Screened Out: Playing Gay in Hollywood from Edison to Stonewall (2002). Robert Hofler, The Man Who Invented Rock Hudson: The Pretty Boys and Dirty Deals of Henry Willson. Carroll & Graf, 2005, 1911 births 1978 deaths People from Lansdowne, Pennsylvania American talent agents Deaths from cirrhosis Hollywood talent agents Hollywood, Los Angeles history and culture People from Forest Hills, Queens Wesleyan University alumni LGBT people from Pennsylvania 20th-century American businesspeople 20th-century LGBT people
3997067	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spa%20water	Spa water	Spa water may refer to: Spring (hydrosphere) Bottled mineral water from the springs of a day spa or destination spa Water in a whirlpool bath Spa (mineral water), a brand of mineral water from Spa, Belgium Infused water, flavored with fruits or vegetables
3997068	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cantons%20of%20the%20Martinique%20department	Cantons of the Martinique department	The following is a list of the 45 former cantons of the Martinique department, an overseas department of France, sorted by arrondissement. The cantons were abolished in 2015, when the Assembly of Martinique replaced the General Council of Martinique and the Regional Council of Martinique. Arrondissement of Fort-de-France (16 cantons) Fort-de-France 1st Canton Fort-de-France 2nd Canton Fort-de-France 3rd Canton Fort-de-France 4th Canton Fort-de-France 5th Canton Fort-de-France 6th Canton Fort-de-France 7th Canton Fort-de-France 8th Canton Fort-de-France 9th Canton Fort-de-France 10th Canton Le Lamentin 1st Canton Sud-Bourg Le Lamentin 2nd Canton Nord Le Lamentin 3rd Canton Est Saint-Joseph Schœlcher 1st Canton Schœlcher 2nd Canton Arrondissement of La Trinité (11 cantons) L'Ajoupa-Bouillon Basse-Pointe Gros-Morne Le Lorrain Macouba Le Marigot Le Robert 1st Canton Sud Le Robert 2nd Canton Nord Sainte-Marie 1st Canton Nord Sainte-Marie 2nd Canton Sud La Trinité Arrondissement of Le Marin (13 cantons) Les Anses-d'Arlet Le Diamant Ducos Le François 1st Canton Nord Le François 2nd Canton Sud Le Marin Rivière-Pilote Rivière-Salée Sainte-Anne Sainte-Luce Saint-Esprit Les Trois-Îlets Le Vauclin Arrondissement of Saint-Pierre (5 cantons) Le Carbet Case-Pilote-Bellefontaine Le Morne-Rouge Le Prêcheur Saint-Pierre References Martinique 2
3997072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Champlain%20Trail%20Lakes	Champlain Trail Lakes	The Champlain Trail Lakes are a group of lakes on the southern point of Whitewater Region in Ontario. They lie in more or less a straight line and are named for the fact that explorer Samuel de Champlain used them to portage around the Chenaux Rapids while exploring the Ottawa River. Coldingham, Catharine and Garden Lake all drain into Browns Bay. The rest of the lakes drain into the Muskrat River which flows through each successively. The Champlain Trail Lakes include: Coldingham Lake Catharine Lake Garden Lake Edmunds Lake Blanchards Lake Smiths Lake Lake Galilee Dump Lake Eadys Lake Pumphouse Lake Olmstead-Jeffrey Lake Lakes of Renfrew County
3997077	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Edwards	Henry Edwards	Henry Edwards may refer to: Henry W. Edwards (1779–1847), U.S. Representative, U.S. Senator, and Governor of Connecticut Sir Henry Edwards, 1st Baronet (1812–1886), British Conservative MP for Halifax, 1847–1852, and Beverley, 1857–1870 Sir Henry Edwards (1820–1897), British Liberal MP for Weymouth and Melcombe Regis, 1867–1885 Henry Sutherland Edwards (1828–1906), British journalist Henry Edwards (entomologist) (1827–1891), English-born actor, writer and insect scientist Henry Edwards (priest) (1837–1884), Welsh Anglican Dean of Bangor Henry Edwards (footballer) (1856–1913), Wrexham F.C. and Wales international footballer Henry Edwards (actor) (1882–1952), English actor and film director Henry Edwards (cricketer) (1861–1921), English cricketer F. Henry Edwards (1897–1991), British leader in the Reorganized Church of Jesus Christ of Latter Day Saints See also Harry Edwards (disambiguation)
3997093	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20from%20the%20Dark	Live from the Dark	Live from the Dark is a DVD released by the Swedish hard rock band Europe. The main feature is a concert filmed at the Hammersmith Apollo in London, England on November 15, 2004. A bonus disc with extra material is included, and there is a Special Edition version of this DVD which also contains the CD Start from the Dark. Track listing - Disc 1 "Got to Have Faith" "Ready or Not" "Superstitious" "America" "Wings of Tomorrow" "Let the Good Times Rock" "Animal Crossing" [keyboard solo] / "Seven Doors Hotel" "Hero" "Wake Up Call" "Sign of the Times" "Milano" [guitar solo] / "Girl from Lebanon" "Carrie" [acoustic version] "Flames" "Yesterday's News" [printed as "Yesterdaze News"] "Rock the Night" "Start from the Dark" "Cherokee" "The Final Countdown" Bonus Features - Disc 2 Behind the Tour: Documentary about the tour. Taxi Diaries: Interviews with all the band members. On-stage Interviews: Interviews with the musicians about their instruments and equipment. From the Soundcheck: "Spirit of the Underdog" and "Heart of Stone". Music Videos: "Got to Have Faith" and "Hero". Miscellaneous: Biography, discography and videography. Personnel Joey Tempest – lead vocals, rhythm & acoustic guitars John Norum – lead & rhythm guitars, backing vocals John Levén – bass guitar Mic Michaeli – keyboards, backing vocals Ian Haugland – drums, backing vocals Europe (band) video albums Albums recorded at the Hammersmith Apollo
3997095	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Highland%20Avenue%20%28Los%20Angeles%29	Highland Avenue (Los Angeles)	Highland Avenue is a north–south road in Los Angeles. It is a major thoroughfare that runs from Cahuenga Boulevard and the US 101 Freeway in Hollywood from the north end to Olympic Boulevard in Mid-City Los Angeles on the south end. Highland then is a small residential street from Olympic Boulevard south to Adams Boulevard. For through access, Highland swerves west into Edgewood Place which accesses La Brea Avenue. Highland runs parallel to La Brea Avenue on the west and Vine Street on the east. The neighborhood east of Highland between Wilshire Boulevard and Melrose Avenue is officially known as Hancock Park. At the northern end of Highland is the Hollywood Bowl, a major amphitheater and Los Angeles landmark. South of that is the famous intersection of Hollywood and Highland, location of the Hollywood & Highland Center and its Dolby Theatre (venue of the Academy Awards since 2002), and the Hollywood/Highland Metro station for the B Line subway to Downtown and the Valley. Half a block further south is the Hollywood Museum, located in the historic Max Factor Building, which houses a collection of items from the history of motion pictures and television. Hollywood High School, the alma mater for many celebrities, is located on the corner of Sunset Boulevard and Highland. Further south, near Beverly Boulevard, Highland is adjacent to the Wilshire Country Club in Hancock Park. Highland Avenue's median parkway with historic palm trees, between Melrose Avenue and Wilshire Boulevard, was designated a Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monument in 1972. The Queen palms (Syagrus romanzoffiana) and Mexican fan palms (Washingtonia robusta) were planted in 1928. For most of its length Highland is four lanes wide, but narrows to two lanes south of Wilshire Boulevard. Metro Local line 656 runs along Highland Avenue from Santa Monica Boulevard north, and on to the Valley. The segment from the US 101 Freeway south to Santa Monica Boulevard used to be designated as part of California State Route 170. California's legislature has since relinquished state control of that segment, and thus that portion is now maintained by the City of Los Angeles. Landmarks Hollywood Bowl Hollywood High School Highland Avenue parkway palms References Streets in Los Angeles Streets in Hollywood, Los Angeles Los Angeles Historic-Cultural Monuments
5390429	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaeology%20of%20Ayodhya	Archaeology of Ayodhya	The Archaeology of Ayodhya concerns the excavations and findings in the Indian city of Ayodhya in the state of Uttar Pradesh, much of which surrounds the Babri Mosque location. British-era studies In 1862–63, Alexander Cunningham, the founder of Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), conducted a survey of Ayodhya. Cunnigham identified Ayodhya with Sha-chi mentioned in Fa-Hien's writings, Visakha mentioned in Xuanzang's writings and Saketa mentioned in Hindu-Buddhist legends. According to him, Gautama Buddha spent six years at this place. Although Ayodhya is mentioned in several ancient Hindu texts, Cunningham found no ancient structures in the city. According to him, the existing temples at Ayodhya were of relatively modern origin. Referring to legends, he wrote that the old city of Ayodhya must have been deserted after the death of Brihadbala "in the great war" around 1426 BCE. When King Vikramāditya of Ujjain visited the city around first century CE, he constructed new temples at the spots mentioned in Ramayana. Cunningham believed that by the time Xuanzang visited the city in 7th century, Vikramaditya's temples had "already disappeared"; the city was a Buddhist centre, and had several Buddhist monuments. Cunningham's main objective in surveying Ayodhya was to discover these Buddhist monuments. In 1889–91, an ASI team led by Alois Anton Führer conducted another survey of Ayodhya. Führer did not find any ancient statues, sculptures or pillars that marked the sites of other ancient cities. He found "a low irregular mass of rubbish heaps", from which material had been used for building the neighbouring Muslim city of Faizabad. The only ancient structures found by him were three earthen mounds to the south of the city: Maniparbat, Kuberparbat and Sugribparbat. Cunningham identified these mounds with the sites of the monasteries described in Xuanzang's writings. Like Cunningham, Führer also mentioned the legend of the Ramayana-era city being destroyed after death of Brihadbala, and its rebuilding by Vikramaditya. He wrote that the existing Hindu and Jain temples in the city were modern, although they occupied the sites of the ancient temples that had been destroyed by Muslims. The five Digambara Jain temples had been built in 1781 CE to mark the birth places of five tirthankaras, who are said to have been born at Ayodhya. A Svetambara Jain temple dedicated to Ajitanatha was built in 1881. Based on local folk narratives, Führer wrote that Ayodhya had three Hindu temples at the time of Muslim conquest: Janmasthanam (where Rama was born), Svargadvaram (where Rama was cremated) and Treta-ke-Thakur (where Rama performed a sacrifice). According to Führer, Mir Khan built the Babri mosque at the place of Janmasthanam temple in 930 AH (1523 CE). He stated that many columns of the old temple had been utilized by the Muslims for the construction of Babri mosque: these pillars were of black stone, called kasauti by the natives. Führer also wrote that Aurangzeb had built now-ruined mosques at the sites of Svargadvaram and Treta-ke-Thakur temples. A fragmentary inscription of Jayachandra of Kannauj, dated to 1241 Samvat (1185 CE), and a record of a Vishnu temple's construction were recovered from Aurangazeb's Treta-ke-Thakur mosque, and kept in Faizabad museum. Excavation of 1969-1970 Awadh Kishore Narain of Banaras Hindu University led an excavation in Ayodhya during 1969–70. He dated establishment of Ayodhya to early 17th century BCE, and also observed that there was evidence of strong Buddhist presence in the area. Ramayana sites (1975-1985) Excavations Professor B. B. Lal led a more detailed ASI study of the area in 1975–76. The team of archaeologists of the ASI, led by former Director-General ASI (1968–1972), B.B. Lal in 1975–76, worked on a project titled "Archaeology of Ramayana Sites", which excavated five Ramayana-related sites of Ayodhya, Bharadwaj Ashram, Nandigram, Chitrakoot and Shringaverapura. Though the results of this study were not published in that period, between 1975 and 1985 an archaeological project was carried out in Ayodhya to examine certain sites referenced to in the Ramayana or that belong to its tradition. Ascribed to the 14th century AD, it is the oldest image found in Ayodhya. The Babri Mosque site was one of the fourteen sites examined during this project. B. B. Lal conducted excavations in Ayodhya and found a terracotta image showing a Jain ascetic. Jain claims Jain Samata Vahini, a social organisation of the Jains stated that the excavation conducted at Hanuman Garhi by Prof B B Lal in 1976 threw up a grey terracotta figurine that was dated back to the fourth century BC, and Prof B B Lal, former director-general of the Archaeological Survey of India also acknowledge the same. Lal's pillars (1990) Lal took a controversial stance in the Ayodhya dispute. Writing in 1977, Lal stated in the official ASI-journal that finds were "devoid of any special interest." In 1990, after his retirement, he wrote in a RSS magazine that he had found the remains of a columned temple under the mosque, and "embarked on a spree of lectures all over the country propagating th[is] evidence from Ayodhya." In Lal's 2008 book, Rāma, His Historicity, Mandir and Setu: Evidence of Literature, Archaeology and Other Sciences, he writes (that): In a 2003 statement to the Allahabad High Court, Lal stated that he submitted a seven-page preliminary report to the Archaeological Survey of India in 1989, mentioning the discovery of "pillar bases", immediately south of the Babri mosque structure in Ayodhya. Subsequently, all technical facilities were withdrawn and the project wasn't revived for another 10–12 years, despite his repeated request. Thus the final report was never submitted, the preliminary report was only published in 1989, and in Indian Council of Historical Research (ICHR) volume on historicity of Ramayana and Mahabharat. Subsequently, in his 2008 book, Rama: His Historicity Mandir and Setu, he wrote, "Attached to the piers of the Babri Masjid, there were twelve stone pillars, which carried not only typical Hindu motifs and mouldings, but also figures of Hindu deities. It was self-evident that these pillars were not an integral part of the Masjid, but were foreign to it." Lal's stance gave an enormous boost to the Ram Temple cause, but his conclusions have been contested by multiple scholars, questioning both the stratigraphic information, and the kind of structure envisioned by Lal. According to Hole, Hole concludes that "the structural elements he had previously thought insignificant suddenly became temple foundations only in order to manufacture support for the nationalists' cause." B. B. Lal's team also had K. K. Muhammed, who in his autobiography claimed that a Hindu temple was found in the excavation, and said that left historians are misleading the Muslim communities by aligning with fundamentalists. June to July 1992 In July 1992, eight eminent archaeologists (among them former ASI directors, Dr. Y.D. Sharma and Dr. K.M. Srivastava) went to the Ramkot hill to evaluate and examine the findings. These findings included religious sculptures and a statue of Vishnu. They said that the inner boundary of the disputed structure rests, at least on one side, on an earlier existing structure, which "may have belonged to an earlier temple". The objects examined by them also included terracotta Hindu images of the Kushan period (100–300 AD) and carved buff sandstone objects that showed images of Vaishnav deities and of Shiva-Parvati. They concluded that these fragments belonged to a temple of the Nagara style (900–1200 AD). Prof. S.P. Gupta commented on the discoveries: 1992 - Vishnu-Hari inscription During the demolition of the Babri mosque in December 1992, three inscriptions on stone were found. The most important one is the Vishnu-Hari inscription inscribed on a 1.10 x .56-metre slab with 20 lines that was provisionally dated to ca. 1140. The inscription mentioned that the temple was dedicated to "Vishnu, slayer of Bali and of the ten-headed one". The inscription is written in the Nāgarī script, a Sanskrit script (or ) of the 11th and 12th century. It was examined by world class epigraphists and Sanskrit scholars (among them Prof. Ajay Mitra Shastri). Ajay Mitra Shastri, Chairman of the Epigraphical Society of India and a specialist in epigraphy and numismatics, examined the Vishnu-Hari inscription and stated: Following allegations that the Vishnu Hari inscription corresponded to an inscription dedicated to Vishnu that was supposedly missing in the Lucknow State Museum since the 1980s, the museum director Jitendra Kumar stated that the inscription had never been missing from the museum, although it was not on display. He showed the inscription held by his museum at a press conference for all to see. It was different in shape, colour and textual content from the Vishnu-Hari inscription. 2003 excavations Radar search In the January 2003, Canadian geophysicist Claude Robillard performed a search with a ground-penetrating radar. The survey concluded the following: Claude Robillard, the chief geophysicist stated the following: Excavations The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI) excavated the Ram Janambhoomi–Babri Mosque site at the direction of the Lucknow Bench of the Allahabad High Court in Uttar Pradesh in 2003. The archaeologists also reported indications of a large structure that pre-dated the Babri Masjid. A team of 131 labourers, including 52 Muslims was engaged in the excavations. On 11 June 2003 the ASI issued an interim report that only listed the findings of the period between 22 May and 6 June 2003. In August 2003 the ASI handed a 574-page report to the Lucknow Bench of the Allahabad High Court. The Archaeological Survey of India (ASI), who examined the site, issued a report of the findings of the period between 22 May and 6 June 2003. This report stated: Finds Archaeological layers ASI mentioned in its report that they have found ruins of other eras also. These ruins could be the ruins of a Jain temples. 1000BCE to 300BCE: the findings suggest that a Northern Black Polished Ware (NBPW) culture existed at the mosque site between 1000 BCE and 300 BCE. A round signet with a legend in Ashokan Brahmi, terracotta figurines of female deities with archaic features, beads of terracotta and glass, wheels and fragments of votive tanks have been found. Shunga Period. 200 BC: Typical terracotta mother goddess, human and animal figurines, beads, hairpins, pottery (includes black slipped, red and grey wares), and stone and brick structures of the Shunga period have been found. Kushan period. 100–300 CE: terracotta human and animal figurines, fragments of votive tanks, beads, bangle fragments, ceramics with red ware and large-sized structures running into twenty-two courses have been found from this level. Gupta era (320–600 CE) and post-Gupta era: typical terracotta figurines, a copper coin with the legend Sri Chandra (Gupta), and illustrative potsherds of the Gupta period have been found. A circular brick shrine with an entrance from the east and a provision for a water-chute on the northern wall have also been found. 11th to 12th century CE: a huge structure of almost fifty metres in north–south orientation have been found on this level. Only four of the fifty pillar bases belong to this level. Above this lay a structure with at least three structural phases which had a huge pillared hall. Animal remains Earlier excavations had unearthed animal bones and even human remains. According to historian Irfan Habib, the presence of animal bones meant that it was a residential area (and not a shrine) inhabited not necessarily by a non-vegetarian community and that it was in that Muslim habitat that a mosque was raised in 1528 or thereafter. The ASI report mentions the bones, but does not explain how they came to be there. Muslim graves Two Muslim graves were also recovered in the excavation, as reported in the Outlook weekly. While the ASI videographed and photographed the graves on 22 April, it did not perform a detailed analysis of them. The skeletons found at the site were not sent for carbon-dating, neither were the graves measured. Anirudha Srivastava, a former ASI archaeologist, said that in some trenches, some graves, terracotta and lime mortar and surkhi were discovered which also indicated Muslim habitation. It was surmised, also, that some mosque existed on the site and that Babri was built on the site of another mosque. Criticism of the 2003 excavation The ASI findings were disputed by several archaeologists. The alleged "pillar bases" were criticised by D. Mandal. Although they appear to be aligned, Mandal concluded that the "pillar bases" belonged to different periods, and were not "pillar bases." They had never existed together at any point of time; they were not really in alignment with one another; they were not even pillar bases, but junctions of walls, bases of the load-bearing columns at the intersections of walls.According to archaeologist Supriya Verma and Menon Shiv Sunni, who observed the excavations on behalf of the Sunni Waqf Board, "the ASI was operating with a preconceived notion of discovering the remains of a temple beneath the demolished mosque, even selectively altering the evidence to suit its hypothesis." Archaeologist Suraj Bhan, who has personally taken an inventory of the site, said the ASI had clubbed pottery from the 11th to the 19th centuries together and not really distinguished them by their different periods. However, he questioned the basis for the ASI's interpretation that the massive burnt brick structure was that of a Ram temple. "The Babri Masjid had a planned structure and the ASI findings conform to this plan. The Nagar style of star-shaped temple construction prevalent between the 9th and 12th centuries is not at all present in the structure," he said. Political reaction The leaders of Babri Masjid Action–Reconstruction expressed reservations on the credibility of the ASI in carrying out the assignment impartially, owing to political pressure. ASI comes under the Ministry of Human Resource Development, which was headed by Murli Manohar Joshi, himself an accused in the Babri Masjid demolition case. The Muslim side expressed doubts on the final ASI report, claiming that the notes and other draft items were supposedly destroyed by the ASI, within 24 hours following the submission of the final report. There were also attempts by Babri Masjid supporters to prohibit all archaeological excavations at the disputed site. Naved Yar Khan's petition at the Supreme Court to prohibit all archaeological excavations at the Mosque site was rejected. Similarly, there were questions raised as to what level the archaeological digging should reach – should they stop when evidence of a Hindu temple was found? Both Buddhists and Jains asked for the digging to continue much further to learn whether they, too, could lay claim to the site. Along the same lines as Habib, Muslim Personal Law Board secretary Mohammed Abdul Rahim Quraishi "said a team of well-known archaeologists including Prof. Suraj Bhan had visited the site and inspected the excavated pits and was of [the] opinion that there was evidence of an earlier mosque beneath the structure of the Babri Masjid". The two agree on a pre-Babri Muslim presence, but Quraishi's "interpretation" of the findings is already starkly at variance with Habib's: the latter saw no mosque underneath, while Quraishi's employee Bhan did. Noted lawyer Rajeev Dhawan said the Ramjanmabhoomi-Babri Masjid case had taken a wrong turn and the ASI report had no historical or moral significance and the conclusions were based on political considerations. However, an anti-temple lawyer, Mr. Dhawan said, "The legal case did not relate to the question of whether a temple existed on the site or not". Buddhist claims The Buddhists have also claimed the Ayodhya site. According to Udit Raj's Buddha Education Foundation, the structure excavated by ASI in 2003 was a Buddhist stupa destroyed during and after the Muslim invasion of India. Besides the 2003 ASI report, Raj has also based his claim on the 1870 report of the British archaeologist Patrick Carnegie. According to Carnegie, the Kasauti pillars at the Ayodhya site strongly resemble the ones at Buddhist viharas in Sarnath and Varanasi. Court verdict after analysis of the 2003 ASI report In October 2010, after sifting through all the evidence placed before it, the Allahabad High Court, in an order that ran into over 8,000 pages, said that the portion below the central dome under which the idols of Lord Ram and other Gods are placed in a makeshift temple, belongs to Hindus. All three judges agreed that the portion under the central dome should be allotted to Hindus. The 2019 Supreme Court verdict on Ayodhya dispute states that the entire disputed land of area of 2.77 acres be handed over to a trust to build a Hindu temple. It also ordered the government to give an alternative 5 acre land to the Sunni Waqf Board. See also Ayodhya Babri Masjid Ram Janmabhoomi Ramayana Notes References Sources Printed sources Thakur Prasad Verma, S.P. Gupta, (2001), Ayodhya ka itihasa evam puratattva- Rgveda kala se aba taka''. Delhi: D.K. Printworld (in Hindi) Web-sources External links Ayodhya the spiritual abode. Complete details of Ayodhya, proofs and documents. Hindu Temple lays beneath – dailypioneer.com – August 26, 2003 The "Ram temple" drama – Frontline Ayodhya History Times of India news on ASI excavations Times of India Layers of truth From The Week – shows artist's impression of ASI underlying temple – archived here Ayodhya on YouTube Ayodhya and the Research on the Temple of Lord Rama Proof of temple found at Ayodhya: ASI report Ayodhya History of Uttar Pradesh Archaeological sites in Uttar Pradesh Ayodhya dispute
5390433	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Large-Area%20Neutron%20Detector	Large-Area Neutron Detector	The large-area neutron detector, also known as LAND, is the name of a detector of neutrons installed at GSI (Institute for Heavy Ion Research) in Arheilgen, close to the city of Darmstadt, Germany. The detector is built of 10 planes with 20 paddles each. The paddles have a size of 10x10x200cm and are composed of a converter (iron) and plastic scintillator material. Within the paddle the 5 mm thick converters serve as a dense target for neutrons leading to processes that eject charged particles through the process of hadronic showers. The interspersed 5mm plastic scintillator stripes produce light for the passing charged particles. The stripes of one paddle are viewed at both ends by photomultipliers. The detector system was built in 1990. A research group at GSI is named after this detector. They aim at studying the nuclear structure of radioactive nuclei. See also Neutron detection External links T. Blaich et al., Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, A314(1992), p. 136–154, Elsevier NORTH-HOLLAND, ISSN 0168-9002 GSI Particle experiments Particle detectors
5390435	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xavier%20Rush	Xavier Rush	Xavier Joseph Rush (born 13 July 1977, in Auckland) is a former New Zealand rugby union footballer. He is a former All Black and played professional rugby in Wales for Cardiff Blues where he is the former captain. Career Rush played domestic rugby with Auckland in the National Provincial Championship and Super 12 side the Blues between 1997 and 2005. He won the NPC Competition with Auckland in 2002 and the Super 12 with the Auckland Blues in 2003. He later captained both of these sides until the end of his contract with New Zealand Rugby where he managed to lift the Ranfurly Shield with Auckland in 2003. During his secondary school years, he maintained a place in the centenary 1st XV, playing, of course, at number 8. Despite a successful domestic rugby career, Rush never shone at international level, having only eight All Black test caps to his name. He was only 21 when he made his test debut against the Wallabies in 1998. He would later play for the All Blacks during the 2004 Tri-Nations, against England and also the Pacific Islanders. On 7 February 2010, Rush signed a two-year contract with Ulster Rugby. Having sacked his agent he subsequently entered talks with the Cardiff Blues and Ulster about his future. On 27 May 2010, it was announced that Rush would remain at Cardiff but would have to compensate Ulster to cancel his contract. Rush retired from playing at the end of the 2011–12 season and took up a coaching role with Cardiff Blues. References External links Cardiff profile 1977 births New Zealand international rugby union players Cardiff Rugby players Living people Auckland rugby union players New Zealand rugby union players Blues (Super Rugby) players Rugby union number eights People educated at Sacred Heart College, Auckland Barbarian F.C. players New Zealand expatriate sportspeople in Wales Rugby union players from Auckland
5390443	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IGA%20Supermarkets%20%28Australia%29	IGA Supermarkets (Australia)	Independent Grocers of Australia (IGA) is an Australian chain of supermarkets. IGA is owned by Metcash, but individual IGA stores are owned independently. Its main competitors are Woolworths, Coles, Spar Australia and Aldi. It is the fourth largest chain, since Aldi overtook Metcash in supermarket revenues. Markets The American-owned Independent Grocers Alliance has over 5,000 stores in over 30 countries. The IGA brand was introduced to Australia by Davids Holdings in 1988 when 10 stores became members of IGA. As of January 2020, there are over 1,400 IGA stores in Australia, an amount which fluctuates as independently owned stores close, open, or are sold and rebranded out of the group. Many of the stores were acquired from other brands such as Woolworths or Coles when they shut down stores following their own acquisitions of smaller brands during the major industry period of rationalisation in the 2000s. There are a wide variety of stores under the brand, from small corner and convenience stores, liquor stores, and large full service grocery stores. The stores operate under the same IGA brands but are individually owned and operated. For a brief period of time IGA owned stores in New Zealand following corporate mergers. In 2019, it was reported that IGA had 7% of the grocery market in Australia. In 2018, IGA began a rebrand that repositioned the chain as a "truly [uniquely] localised" option, scrapping the white colour and corrugated metal for wood veneer and chalkboard and a series of chalk emblems for stores. A while ago, the chain previously similarly used the slogan "How the locals like it" referencing Ben Lee, followed by "Where the locals matter". Brands IGA's main store brand is Black and Gold, a generic food brand which also sells in FoodWorks across the country. Items are easily distinguished because of the gold/yellow packaging with the black writing on the item. There is also a more upscale IGA Signature range that is identified by a metallic signature brand. "No Frills" was previously the Franklins home brand and is available mostly in Western Australian stores. See also List of supermarket chains in Oceania References External links Supermarkets of Australia Retail companies established in 1988 Australian companies established in 1988 Australian grocers
5390446	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isochoric	Isochoric	Isochoric may refer to: cell-transitive, in geometry isochoric process, a constant volume process in chemistry or thermodynamics Isochoric model
3997109	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Casey%20Wasserman	Casey Wasserman	Casey Wasserman (born Casey Myers; June 28, 1974) is an American entertainment executive. He is the founder, chief executive officer and chairman of Wasserman; Chairman of LA28, the Organizing Committee for the 2028 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles; and president and chief executive officer of the Wasserman Foundation. Family background and education Casey Wasserman is the son of Jack Norman Myers (formerly Meyerowitz) and Los Angeles socialite and philanthropist Lynne Wasserman. His sister is actress/comedian Carol Ann Leif (born December 3, 1966). Jack Myers and reputed mobster Chris Petti were convicted in 1990 of money-laundering. His parents were divorced and, in 1995, Casey took his mother's maiden name, which is also the last name of his famous grandfather, MCA studio executive Lew Wasserman, whom he credits as his greatest teacher. The two would have breakfast together every Saturday and Sunday from the time when Casey was a child until the elder Wasserman's death in 2002. The younger Wasserman said, "He was my most valuable resource in terms of information. In broad terms he knew what he wanted to do and I followed in his footsteps." According to a quote from an interview with his father, Jack Myers: "My son changed his name to Wasserman," Jack Myers told author Dennis McDougal, who wrote The Last Mogul, a biography of Lew Wasserman. "I said, 'Casey, first of all everyone will think you're a fool if you do that. You look like an idiot.'" Casey Wasserman obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree in Political Science from the University of California at Los Angeles (UCLA). After graduation from UCLA, he worked as an investment banker. He is married to movie music supervisor Laura Wasserman, whose grandfather, Paul Ziffren, was a Democratic Party leader and chaired the Los Angeles 1984 Summer Olympics. They have two children, Emmet and Stella. Sports and talent business In 1998, he purchased the Los Angeles Avengers of the Arena Football League (AFL). He paid about $5 million for the franchise rights. Despite his youth, he was elected chairman of the league. In 2002 he negotiated a groundbreaking national television partnership between the league and NBC television, as well as the collective bargaining agreement with its players. On Saturday, April 18, 2009, Wasserman sent an email to AFL's de facto commissioner informing him of his decision to terminate the L.A. Avengers' membership in the Arena Football League. The same year he purchased the football team, Casey Wasserman started Wasserman (then-called Wasserman Media Group), a sports marketing and talent management company, of which he remains chief executive officer. In 2016, Wasserman Media Group rebranded as Wasserman and is frequently referred to as "Team Wass". In March 2021, Wasserman acquired Paradigm Talent Agency's North American music assets and within weeks launched Wasserman Music, a live music division of Wasserman. He was the chairman of the Los Angeles Super Bowl Host Committee, which organized Super Bowl LVI in 2022. Olympic Games In 2014, Los Angeles Mayor Eric Garcetti appointed Casey Wasserman to head the Los Angeles bid for the 2024 Summer Olympics. The International Olympic Committee (IOC) ultimately awarded the 2024 Summer Olympics to Paris in 2017 and chose Los Angeles as host for the 2028 Summer Olympics. On December 11, 2018, Wasserman and Garcetti were criticized by Larry Nassar survivors' attorney John Manly for their silence on the USA Gymnastics sex abuse scandal and continued partnership with the United States Olympic & Paralympic Committee (USOPC, then-called United States Olympic Committee [USOC]). Wasserman and Garcetti issued statements condemning Nassar's crimes and those who abetted him, and defending the response by Olympic leadership. On June 19, 2020, Wasserman reportedly wrote IOC President Thomas Bach to advocate for changes to be made to the controversial Rule 50 of the Olympic Charter which states: "No kind of demonstration or political, religious or racial propaganda is permitted in any Olympic sites, venues or other areas." In the letter, Wasserman urged the IOC to amend the guidelines that support Rule 50 of the Olympic Charter to allow anti-racist advocacy on the Olympic stage and stated “Being anti-racist is not political.” President Bach refuted the suggestion in an op-ed for The Guardian titled "The Olympics are about diversity and unity, not politics and profit. Boycotts don't work." Critics of the 2028 Summer Olympics such as the NOlympics LA coalition have argued that Los Angeles' large homeless population will be removed from city streets in the lead-up to the Olympic Games Ceremony, which Casey Wasserman affirmed was "a difficult situation" but could take place. In a November 18, 2021 KPCC interview, AirTalk host Larry Mantle asked Wasserman to expound on the concerns; Wasserman replied, "We're not responsible for solving homeless. We're responsible for delivering the Olympic Games as a private enterprise in 2028." Philanthrophy Casey Wasserman acts as president and chief executive officer of the Wasserman Foundation, a charitable organization founded by Lew and Edie Wasserman in 1952. The Wasserman Foundation is a major contributor to the Los Angeles Police Foundation. In June 2020, the "Partners" page of the foundation's website featured Casey Wasserman's name and photo with a quote: “The Wasserman Foundation has been a proud supporter of the Los Angeles Police Foundation and will continue to provide funding for years to come. In the wake of government budget cuts, I hope my fellow philanthropists will join us in providing funds for additional equipment needs.” The "Partners" page was removed from the foundation's website later that summer. Wasserman is a major Democratic Party donor, Clinton Foundation trustee, and LBJ Foundation trustee. He donated to President George W. Bush's 2004 re-election campaign. In September 2002, Casey Wasserman went on a philanthropic tour of Africa hosted by financier and convicted sex offender Jeffrey Epstein. Also on the trip were convicted sex trafficker Ghislaine Maxwell, President Bill Clinton, actor Kevin Spacey and others. Wasserman also appears in Epstein's "little black book" address book published by Gawker in 2015. Casey Wasserman is on the Prize Advisory Board of the Robin Hood Foundation, a venture philanthropy organization founded by Paul Tudor Jones, Peter Borish and Glenn Dubin. Wasserman is a member of the Los Angeles County Museum of Art (LACMA) board of trustees. Other activities Casey Wasserman sits on boards of directors at the Motion Picture and Television Fund (MPTF) and Vox Media. Since 2015 Wasserman has been on the Activision Blizzard board of directors, where he serves as one of three members on the board's Nominating and Corporate Governance Committee. The board has faced criticism for its support of chief executive officer Bobby Kotick following a sexual abuse scandal reported by The Wall Street Journal in November 2021, in which Kotick buried allegations of sexual abuse, including alleged rapes. In June 2020, Casey Wasserman sold his Beverly Hills home to media mogul David Geffen for $68 million, and in August 2020, Wasserman purchased a new home in the Hollywood Hills for $23.6 million. See also 2028 Summer Olympics References External links ESPN Casey Wasserman Story February 2011 Avengers website bio (cached) Biography from Jules Stein Eye Institute "Biz game for crossover", Variety interview, 7 February, 2005 Lew Wasserman Biography Living people Arena Football League executives Jewish American philanthropists 1974 births American sports agents University of California, Los Angeles alumni American investment bankers Philanthropists from California Presidents of the Organising Committees for the Olympic Games 21st-century American Jews
5390450	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Silva%20%28golfer%29	Daniel Silva (golfer)	Daniel Silva (born 19 June 1966) is a Portuguese professional golfer. Silva was born in Johannesburg, South Africa. He turned professional in 1988 and spent the next decade attempting to hold down a place on the European Tour. He was a regular visitor to qualifying school, where he came out with the number one card in 1990. He followed up that success with two solid seasons back to back in 1991 and 1992, which were the only years that he made the top one hundred on the Order of Merit, before being setback by injury. His sole European Tour win came at the 1992 Jersey European Airways Open. It was the first tour win by a Portuguese golfer. He represented Portugal in the World Cup in 1989 and 1991. Silva is a renowned golf coach who has trained with Butch Harmon, the former coach of Tiger Woods, and has watched many world-famous golfers play and train. In 2015, Silva founded Season Golf Academy (SGA) in Finland. Professional wins (1) European Tour wins (1) Results in major championships Note: Silva only played in The Open Championship. "T" = tied Team appearances Amateur St Andrews Trophy (representing the Continent of Europe): 1986, 1988 Professional World Cup (representing Portugal): 1989, 1991 References External links Portuguese male golfers European Tour golfers Golfers from Johannesburg Sportspeople from Faro District People from Loulé South African people of Portuguese descent 1966 births Living people
5390452	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Posterior%20ulnar%20recurrent%20artery	Posterior ulnar recurrent artery	The posterior ulnar recurrent artery is an artery in the forearm. It is one of two recurrent arteries that arises from the ulnar artery, the other being the anterior ulnar recurrent artery. The posterior ulnar recurrent artery being much larger than the anterior and also arises somewhat lower than it. It passes backward and medialward on the flexor digitorum profundus, behind the flexor digitorum superficialis muscle, and ascends behind the medial epicondyle of the humerus. In the interval between this process and the olecranon, it lies beneath the flexor carpi ulnaris, and ascending between the heads of that muscle, in relation with the ulnar nerve, it supplies the neighboring muscles and the elbow-joint, and anastomoses with the superior and inferior ulnar collateral arteries and the interosseous recurrent arteries. See also Anterior ulnar recurrent artery References External links Arteries of the upper limb
5390454	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anterior%20ulnar%20recurrent%20artery	Anterior ulnar recurrent artery	The anterior ulnar recurrent artery is an artery in the forearm. It is one of two recurrent arteries that arises from the ulnar artery, the other being the posterior ulnar recurrent artery. It arises from the ulnar artery immediately below the elbow-joint, runs upward between the brachialis and pronator teres muscle and supplies twigs to those muscles. In front of the medial epicondyle it anastomoses with the superior and Inferior ulnar collateral arteries. See also Posterior ulnar recurrent artery References External links Arteries of the upper limb
3997113	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Resurrection%20of%20Broncho%20Billy	The Resurrection of Broncho Billy	The Resurrection of Broncho Billy is a 1970 live action short Western film directed by James R. Rokos and starring Johnny Crawford. It won an Oscar for Best Short Subject. It was one of John Carpenter's first works; he acted as editor, composer of the music and co-writer of the film. Plot The Resurrection of Broncho Billy is the story of a young man (Johnny Crawford) who lives in a big city in present time, but his dreams are of the Old West and its film heroes. Scenes of his everyday life take on the style of a Western film as he visits with old timer Wild Bill Tucker; he crosses a busy boulevard packed with traffic and we hear the sound of a cattle drive; he's late for work at the hardware store; at an intersection crosswalk he has a Western street showdown with a businessman as the light changes; he enters a saloon but has no I.D. for a beer; he is accosted in an alleyway; a pretty counter girl (Merry Scanlon) gives him soda but he realizes he has no money to pay for it. Then he meets a lovely artist (Kristin Nelson) in a park who draws a sketch of him in an Old West setting, and he talks to her for a time on a park bench about the old west and western films. The Artist gets up to leave and we hear the sound of hoofbeats as he rides up to her in the old west. The artist gives him back the watch he lost in the alley scuffle, she floats up onto his horse and they ride off across the prairie as the Broncho Billy theme song is heard over the scene. He's taken her back to the magic old west that he loves. Production notes Producer John Longenecker was attending a USC Cinema 480 undergraduate production course at USC where he produced The Resurrection of Broncho Billy. The Super Crew was the name given to the group of filmmakers Longenecker brought together at USC, and each of the four filmmakers made contributions to the story. Nick Castle was the cinematographer, John Carpenter was the film editor and wrote the original theme music for the picture, and James Rokos was the film's director. Release Johnny Crawford and John Longenecker invited executives at Universal Studios to release the picture theatrically. It opened on December 25, 1970, in Westwood Village at the Mann Theatres National for what was intended as a one-week Academy Award qualifying run. The theater continued to play the film for fourteen weeks. After winning an Oscar (with Longenecker being the youngest producer to win an Oscar at 23 years old), Universal Studios distributed the short film with their feature movies for the next two years throughout the United States and Canada. See also List of American films of 1970 Western genre John Carpenter Broncho Billy Anderson References External links The Resurrection of Broncho Billy on YouTube A Cutting Continuity Script 1970 films 1970 Western (genre) films American short films American Western (genre) films English-language films Films shot in Los Angeles Live Action Short Film Academy Award winners Films with screenplays by John Carpenter American student films Films scored by John Carpenter
3997120	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken%20snake	Chicken snake	Chicken snake may refer to: Pantherophis alleghaniensis, the eastern rat snake, a nonvenomous colubrid found in North America Pantherophis guttatus, the corn snake, a nonvenomous colubrid found in North America Pantherophis obsoletus, the black rat snake, a nonvenomous colubrid found in North America Pantherophis spiloides, the gray rat snake, a nonvenomous colubrid found in North America Pituophis m. melanoleucus, the northern pine snake, a nonvenomous colubrid found in North America Animal common name disambiguation pages
3997146	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20BusBoys	The BusBoys	The BusBoys is an American rock and roll band known for its association with Eddie Murphy and performing in the film 48 Hrs. Formed in Los Angeles in the late 1970s, the original lineup featured brothers Brian O'Neal (keyboards, vocals) and Kevin O'Neal (bass, vocals), Gus Louderman (vocals), Mike Jones (keyboards, vocals), Vic Johnson (guitar), and Steve Felix (drums). All of the original band's members were African-Americans except Felix, who is of Hispanic heritage. The band's best known songs are "New Shoes", "The Boys Are Back in Town", which appeared in 48 Hrs., and "Cleanin' Up the Town", which was written for the 1984 film Ghostbusters. Overview Formed in Los Angeles in the late 1970s, the original lineup featured brothers Brian O'Neal (keyboards, vocals) and Kevin O'Neal (bass, vocals), Gus Louderman (vocals), Mike Jones (keyboards, vocals), Vic Johnson (guitar), and Steve Felix (drums). All of the original band's members were African-Americans except Felix, who is of Hispanic heritage. The group is best known for their appearance in the 1982 film 48 Hrs., in which they performed their songs "New Shoes" and "The Boys Are Back in Town" (the latter song is also heard during the closing credits). The band opened for the film's costar, comedian Eddie Murphy, during his subsequent Delirious standup comedy tour—during which he referred to them throughout the program—including an hour-long special that aired on HBO. On January 29, 1983, the BusBoys were also musical guests on an episode of Saturday Night Live with Murphy singing background vocals for the band. A follow-up song, "Cleanin' Up the Town," written for the soundtrack to the 1984 film Ghostbusters, was a minor hit for the group, reaching #68 on Billboard'''s Hot 100 Singles chart in the United States. The album was nominated for a Grammy award. The BusBoys' first two albums on Arista Records, Minimum Wage Rock & Roll and American Worker, both reached the Billboard 200 chart. On February 29, 1988, they released a third album entitled Money Don't Make No Man with a more synth-funk feel. The track "Never Giving Up" featured Eddie Murphy prominently during the chorus. Murphy also appeared in the music video to support the album release and the song release. The music video was shot at "The Palace," which is now known as "Avalon," on Vine Street in Hollywood, across the street from Capitol Records. The music video was directed by legendary director Wayne Isham. The band replaced Louderman with Reggie Leon and Jones with keyboardists Andrew Kapner and Bill Steinway. Kapner, being a 16-year-old high school student, was unable to tour in 1985, and Mike Radi was brought in to play keyboards for the road shows. Greg French also replaced Kevin O'Neal on bass, although both O'Neal and Louderman are credited as additional musicians. The BusBoys toured extensively with this line up, appearing with prominent acts such as Linda Ronstadt, Brian Setzer and The Stray Cats, and ZZ Top. Their many TV appearances included American Bandstand, Soul Train, and Don Kirshner's Rock Concert. Leon has been a member of Sha Na Na for over 15 years, and Johnson is currently the lead guitarist for Sammy Hagar. In 2000, they released their fourth album, (Boys Are) Back in Town, which featured rerecorded versions of their two popular songs from 48 Hrs. It was the first time that the title track had been made available on one of the band's CDs. Gus Louderman (vocals) returned to the band's line-up, along with two new members, Kenny Tomlin (bass) and Jorge Evans (guitar). Brian O'Neil commented in an interview with Songfacts that, "for almost 20 years it was probably the most famous song in the history of America that had never been released." Comeback The band has enjoyed a rebirth in large part to the popular use of "The Boys Are Back In Town" in various television sports programming. The track has served as the theme for the NBA and Fox Sports Network's coverage of Major League Baseball. In addition, their song "Did You See Me" was used to promote the NFL Re-Play series on the NFL Network in 2006 and 2007. After several years out of the limelight, The BusBoys made an appearance on ABC TV during the Capital One Bowl on New Years Day 2005 under their new name, "Brian O'Neal and The BusBoys." And in early 2006, they began releasing tracks from their new music project, Sex, Love and Rock & Roll, via digital download. The full album was to be released in CD form in late 2007. In July 2007, the band announced on its web site that they were at work on a documentary film, The Story of Brian O'Neal and The BusBoys, directed by Ruth Robinson. Director Richard Linklater used the Bus Boys song "Minimum Wage" in the soundtrack for his 2016 film Everybody Wants Some!!. Discography Studio albums Minimum Wage Rock & Roll (1980) American Worker (1982) Money Don't Make No Man (1988) (Boys Are) Back in Town (2000) Soundtrack appearances "The Boys Are Back In Town", "48 Hrs.", "Love Songs Are For Crazies", "New Shoes" (from 48 Hrs.) (1982) "Cleanin' Up the Town" (from Ghostbusters) (1984) #68 US "Minimum Wage" (from Everybody Wants Some!!'') (2016) References External links Official website description and video American rhythm and blues musical groups African-American rock musical groups Arista Records artists
3997147	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Potter%20Centre%3A%20NGV%20Australia	Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia	The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia is an art gallery that houses the Australian part of the art collection of the National Gallery of Victoria (NGV). The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia is located at Federation Square in Melbourne, Victoria; while the gallery's international works are displayed at the NGV International on St Kilda Road. Collection There are over 20,000 Australian artworks, including paintings, sculpture, prints, photography, fashion and textiles, and the collection is one of the oldest and most well known in the country. The Ian Potter Centre is a legacy of the businessman and philanthropist Sir Ian Potter. Well-known works at the Ian Potter Centre include Frederick McCubbin's The pioneer (1904) and Tom Roberts' Shearing the Rams (1890). Also featured are works from Sidney Nolan, Arthur Boyd, Albert Tucker, Arthur Streeton, John Perceval, Margaret Preston, Bill Henson, Howard Arkley and Fred Williams. Indigenous art includes works by William Barak and Emily Kngwarreye. Building design The design of the Ian Potter Centre was commissioned to Lab Architecture Studio in association with Bates Smart of Melbourne, headed by Peter Davidson and Donald Bates. Their work has since earned them The RAIA National Award for Interior Architecture as well as the Marion Mahony Interior Architecture Award. According to the Australian Institute of Architects: See also List of museums in Melbourne References External links National Gallery of Victoria NGV Collection: Australian Art The Ian Potter Centre: NGV Australia at FedSquare Art museums and galleries in Melbourne fr:National Gallery of Victoria#Ian Potter Centre et NGV International
5390455	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bia%C5%82a%20County%2C%20Lublin%20Voivodeship	Biała County, Lublin Voivodeship	Biała County () is a county in Lublin Voivodeship, eastern Poland, on the border with Belarus. It was established on January 1, 1999, as a result of the Polish local government reforms passed in 1998. Its administrative seat is the city of Biała Podlaska, although the city is not part of the county (it constitutes a separate city county). The only towns in Biała Podlaska County are Międzyrzec Podlaski, which lies west of Biała Podlaska, and the border town of Terespol, east of Biała Podlaska. The county covers an area of . As of 2019, its total population is 111,078, including 16,736 in Międzyrzec Podlaski, 5,537 in Terespol, and a rural population of 88,805. Neighbouring counties Apart from the city of Biała Podlaska, Biała Podlaska County is bordered by Włodawa County and Parczew County to the south, Radzyń Podlaski County to the south-west, Łuków County and Siedlce County to the west, Łosice County to the north-west, and Siemiatycze County to the north. It also borders Belarus to the east. Administrative division The county is subdivided into 19 municipalities (two urban and 17 rural). These are listed in the following table, in descending order of population. References Land counties of Lublin Voivodeship
5390456	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shap%20Pat%20Heung	Shap Pat Heung	Shap Pat Heung is an area in the New Territories of Hong Kong. Located south of Yuen Long and northeast of Tai Tong, the area occupied the plain north of hills of Tai Lam. The Cantonese name Shap Pat Heung means eighteen villages at its beginning. It was later expanded to thirty villages. Administratively, it is part of the Yuen Long District. The area is famous for the celebration of Tin Hau Festival on the 23rd day of the 3rd month every year of Chinese calendar. Parade and Fa Pao attracts many visitors and pilgrims from other villages and towns. List of villages Tai Tong Tsuen () Shan Pui Tsuen () Tai Wai Tsuen () () (Yuen Long Kau Hui) Ha Yau Tin Tsuen () Sheung Yau Tin Tsuen () Tai Kiu Tsuen () Muk Kiu Tau Tsuen () Shui Tsiu Lo Wai () Shui Tsiu San Tsuen () Nga Yiu Tau Tsuen () Pak Sha Tsuen () Tin Liu Tsuen () Sai Pin Wai () (Yuen Long Kau Hui) Tung Tau Tsuen () () (Yuen Long Kau Hui) Nam Pin Wai () (Yuen Long Kau Hui) Nam Hang Tsuen () Ying Lung Wai () () (Yuen Long Kau Hui) Hung Tso Tin Tsuen () Ma Tin Tsuen () Sham Chung Tsuen () Wong Uk Tsuen () () (Yuen Long Kau Hui) Wong Nai Tun Tsuen () Kong Tau Tsuen () Tong Tau Po Tsuen () Yeung Uk Tsuen () Tsoi Uk Tsuen or Choi Uk Tsuen () () (Yuen Long Kau Hui) Tai Kei Leng () Shan Pui Chung Hau Tsuen () Shung Ching San Tsuen () Lung Tin Tsuen () Yuen Long District Places in Hong Kong
5390458	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%20Somozas	As Somozas	As Somozas is a municipality in the province of A Coruña in the autonomous community of Galicia in northwestern Spain. It belongs to the comarca of Ferrol. Municipalities in the Province of A Coruña
3997148	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%20at%20the%201948%20Summer%20Olympics	Canada at the 1948 Summer Olympics	Canada competed at the 1948 Summer Olympics in London, England. 118 competitors, 100 men and 18 women, took part in 80 events in 13 sports. Medalists Silver Douglas Bennett — Canoeing, Men's C-1 1000 metres Bronze Norman Lane — Canoeing, Men's C-1 10000 metres Viola Myers, Nancy MacKay, Diane Foster, Patricia Jones — Athletics, Women's 4×100 metre relay Athletics Men's 100 metres Edward Haggis James O'Brien Men's 200 metres Edward Haggis Donald Pettie Men's 400 metres Ernest McCullough Bob McFarlane Don McFarlane Men's 800 metres Ezra Henniger Jack Hutchins William Parnell Men's 1500 metres Jack Hutchins William Parnell Clifford Salmond Men's 5000 metres Clifford Salmond Men's 4 × 100 m Relay Edward Haggis, Don McFarlane, James O'Brien, and Donald Pettie Men's 4 × 400 m Relay William Larochelle, Ernest McCullough, Bob McFarlane, and Don McFarlane Men's Marathon Gérard Côté Lloyd Evans Walter Fedorick Men's 400m Hurdles William Larochelle Men's Shot Put Eric Coy Men's Discus Throw Eric Coy Men's High Jump Arthur Jackes Men's Javelin Throw Leo Roininen Men's Decathlon Lionel Fournier Women's 100 metres Millicent Cousins Patricia Jones Viola Myers Women's 200 metres Millicent Cousins Diane Foster Donna Gilmore Women's High Jump Shirley Olafsson Elaine Silburn Doreen Wolff Women's Long Jump Elaine Silburn Women's 4 × 100 m Relay Viola Myers, Nancy MacKay, Diane Foster, and Patricia Jones Basketball Men's Team Competition Preliminary Round (Group A) Defeated Italy (55-37) Defeated Great Britain (44-24) Lost to Hungary (36-37) Lost to Brazil (35-57) Defeated Uruguay (52-50) Classification Matches 9th/16th place: Defeated Iran (81-25) 9th/12th place: Defeated Belgium (45-40) 9th/10th place: Defeated Peru (49-43) → Ninth place Team Roster Ole Bakken William Bell David Bloomfield David Campbell Harry Kermode Bennie Lands Patrick McGeer James Reid Mitchell Mendy Morein Gary Neville Munro Robert Scarr Sidney Strulovitch Sol Tolchinsky Murray Waxman Boxing Men's Flyweight (– 51 kg) Joey Sandulo Men's Bantamweight (– 54 kg) Frederick Daigle Men's Featherweight (– 57 kg) Armand Savoie Men's Lightweight (– 60 kg) Edward Haddad Men's Welterweight (– 69 kg) Clifford Blackburn Men's Middleweight (– 75 kg) John Keenan Men's Heavyweight (– 91 kg) Adam Faul Canoeing Cycling Six cyclists, all men, represented Canada in 1948. Individual road race Lorne Atkinson Florent Jodoin Lance Pugh Laurent Tessier Team road race Lorne Atkinson Florent Jodoin Lance Pugh Laurent Tessier Sprint Bob Lacourse Time trial Lorne Atkinson Team pursuit Lorne Atkinson William Hamilton Lance Pugh Laurent Tessier Diving Men's 3m Springboard George Athans Sr. Men's 10m Platform George Athans Sr. Fencing Six fencers, four men and two women, represented Canada in 1948. Men's foil Alf Horn Georges Pouliot Roland Asselin Men's team foil Robert Desjarlais, Georges Pouliot, Alf Horn, Roland Asselin Men's épée Alf Horn Roland Asselin Georges Pouliot Men's team épée Robert Desjarlais, Alf Horn, Roland Asselin, Georges Pouliot Men's sabre Roland Asselin Men's team sabre Robert Desjarlais, Alf Horn, Roland Asselin, Georges Pouliot Women's foil Rhoda Martin Betty Hamilton Rowing Canada had eleven male rowers participate in two out of seven rowing events in 1948. Men's double sculls Gabriel Beaudry Fred Graves Men's eight Peter Green Robert Christmas Art Griffiths Alfred Stefani Marvin Hammond Jack Zwirewich Bill McConnell Ron Cameron Walt Robertson (cox) Sailing Men's Finn Paul McLaughlin Men's Star Gerald Fairhead and Norman Gooderham Men's Swallow John Robertson and Richard Townsend Swimming Weightlifting Wrestling Art competitions References External links sports-reference Nations at the 1948 Summer Olympics 1948 Summer Olympics
3997151	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canon%20EF-S%2017%E2%80%9385mm%20lens	Canon EF-S 17–85mm lens	The Canon EF-S 17–85mm 4–5.6 IS USM is a standard zoom lens for Canon digital single-lens reflex cameras with an EF-S lens mount and image stabilization. The EF-S designation means it can only be used on EOS cameras with an APS-C sensor released after 2003. The field of view has a 35 mm equivalent focal length of 27.2–136mm, and it is roughly equivalent to the Canon EF 28-135mm lens on a 35mm film SLR. Despite the word "macro" being present on the lens body (as visible in the infobox image), this lens is not capable of true 1:1 macro photography. The 17–85mm was bundled as a kit lens with the EOS 30D, EOS 40D, EOS 50D and EOS 60D. It was also packaged with the EOS 400D (known as the Digital Rebel XTi in North America) as an alternate to the EF-S 18–55mm (typically labeled as the "400D enthusiast's kit"). Similar lenses The EF-S 17–85mm is a step up in build quality and in focal range compared to the EF-S 18–55mm lens. Its image quality is higher than the original and the Mark II versions of the 18–55mm lens. It is slower and has lower image and build quality compared to the EF-S 17–55mm lens, although it is cheaper and has a longer focal range. The closest lens to the 17–85mm in the standard EF lens range is the EF 28–135mm lens, which has the equivalent range on a full-frame sensor, similar image quality and image stabilization. References External links 17-85mm lens Camera lenses introduced in 2004
5390473	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fungal%20keratitis	Fungal keratitis	Fungal keratitis is a fungal infection of the cornea, which can lead to blindness. It generally presents with a red, painful eye and blurred vision. There is also increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge. It is caused by fungal organisms such as Fusarium, Aspergillus or Candida. Fungal keratitis has a worldwide distribution, but is more common in the tropics. Around 1 million people become blind every year due to fungal keratitis. Theodor Leber first described a case of fungal keratitis caused by Aspergillus in 1879. Signs and symptoms The symptoms of fungal keratitis typically emerge over 5-10 days and present with a painful eye, blurred vision, and redness of eye. There is increased sensitivity to light, and excessive tears or discharge. The symptoms are markedly less as compared to a similar bacterial ulcer. Symptoms may be noted to persist after contact lenses are removed, or following antibiotic treatment. Signs: The eyelids and adnexa involved shows edema and redness, conjunctiva is chemosed. Ulcer may be present. It is a dry looking corneal ulcer with satellite lesions in the surrounding cornea. Usually associated with fungal ulcer is hypopyon, which is mostly white fluffy in appearance. Rarely, it may extend to the posterior segment to cause endophthalmitis in later stages, leading to the destruction of the eye. (Note: Fungal endophthalmitis is extremely rare) Causes Fungal keratitis has been reported to be caused by more than 70 different fungi, of which Fusarium, Aspergillus and Candida are responsible for 95% of cases. A. flavus and A. fumigatus are the most common types of Aspergillus to cause fungal keratitis. F. Solani is the most common type of Fusarium and others include Curvularia and Acremonium. C. albicans, C. guilliermondii and C. parapsilosis are the main types of Candida to cause fungal keratitis. Pathophysiology The precipitating event for fungal keratitis is trauma with a vegetable / organic matter. A thorn injury, or in agriculture workers, trauma with a wheat plant while cutting the harvest is typical. This implants the fungus directly in the cornea. The fungus grows slowly in the cornea and proliferates to involve the anterior and posterior stromal layers. The fungus can break through the descemet's membrane and pass into the anterior chamber. The patient presents a few days or weeks later with fungal keratitis. Diagnosis The diagnosis is made by an ophthalmologist/optometrist correlating typical history, symptoms and signs. Many times it may be missed and misdiagnosed as bacterial ulcer. A definitive diagnosis is established only after a positive culture report (lactophenol cotton blue, calcoflour medium), typically taking a week, from the corneal scraping. Recent advances have been made in PCR ref 3./immunologic tests which can give a much quicker result. Classification Infectious keratitis can be bacterial, fungal, viral, or protozoal. Remarkable differences in presentation of the patient allows presumptive diagnosis by the eye care professional, helping in institution of appropriate anti-infective therapy. Prevention Prevention of trauma with vegetable / organic matter, particularly in agricultural workers while harvesting can reduce the incidence of fungal keratitis. Wearing of broad protective glasses with side shields is recommended for people at risk for such injuries. Treatment A presumptive diagnosis of fungal keratitis requires immediate empirical therapy. Natamycin ophthalmic suspension is the drug of choice for filamentous fungal infection. Fluconazole ophthalmic solution is recommended for Candida infection of the cornea. Amphotericin B eye drops may be required for non-responding cases, but can be quite toxic and requires expert pharmacist for preparation. Other medications have also been tried with moderate success. An updated Cochrane Review published in 2015 looking at the best treatment for fungal keratitis could not draw any conclusions as the studies included used different medications. The review did find that "people receiving natamycin were less likely to develop a hole in their cornea and need a transplant." Prognosis The infection typically takes a long time to heal, since the fungus itself is slow growing. Corneal perforation can occur in patients with untreated or partially treated infectious keratitis and requires surgical intervention in the form of corneal transplantation. Epidemiology This disease is quite common in the tropics and with large agrarian population. India has a high number of cases with fungal keratitis, but poor reporting system prevents accurate data collection. Florida in US regularly reports cases of fungal keratitis, with Aspergillus and Fusarium spp. as the most common causes. According to the Global Action Fund for Fungal Infections, every year there are around 1 million cases of blindness due to fungal keratitis. History A case of fungal keratitis caused by Aspergillus was first described by Theodor Leber in 1879, in a 54 year old farmer who injured his eye. Society and culture The loss of vision with fungal keratitis can be quite disabling in terms of economic impact and social consequences. Many people come with fungal keratitis in the only eye and thus become blind due to the disease. The lack of education and proper eye protection in such cases is evidently responsible for their plight. Notable cases Recently, one particular product, ReNu with MoistureLoc brand of soft contact lens solutions made headlines regarding a report from the United States Centers for Disease Control and Prevention suggesting an increased incidence of a specific type of fungal keratitis (Fusarium keratitis) in people using Bausch & Lomb products. Bausch & Lomb subsequently suspended, then recalled, shipments of one particular product, ReNu with MoistureLoc. References External links Disorders of sclera and cornea
5390494	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pariaman	Pariaman	Pariaman (Jawi: ), is a coastal city in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Pariaman covers an area of , with a coastline. It had a population of 79,043 at the 2010 Census and 94,224 at the 2020 census. "Pariaman" means "safe area". History According to the limited early sources available, by the sixteenth century Pariaman was an important port city serving the Minangkabau settlements in the interior highlands of central west Sumatra. Traders from western India and later from Europe visited the port, trading in pepper, gold, and other products of the interior. In the early seventeenth century the port came under control of the Sultanate of Aceh, to the north; an Acehnese governor was stationed in the town. The port formally came under Dutch control in 1663 by treaty with Aceh. In 1671 the Dutch built a lodge here and later, around 1684, a fort. Continuing clashes with local rulers and competition with other European trading companies resulted in the port being abandoned by the Dutch in 1770. By the early twentieth century the port was less prominent on the coast, as Padang, just to the south, was the focus of Dutch activities in western Sumatra and had a railroad link to the interior. After Indonesian independence, Pariaman was a naval headquarters for a province called Central Sumatra. It became an autonomous city on 11 April 2002. Administrative districts The city is administratively divided into four districts (kecamatan), listed below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census and 2020 Census. The city is surrounded by the rural regency (kabupaten) of Padang Pariaman in the north, east, and south, while it borders with Mentawai Strait in the west, making Pariaman a semi-enclave within Padang Pariaman Regency. Economy The contemporary economy is primarily agricultural with 79% of land in farming. Minangkabau International Airport, West Sumatra's major airport, is located near the city. Culture Although the population of Pariaman is predominantly Sunni, a famous and popular festival of Shia origin named Tabuik (from Arabic "tabut" meaning coffin), is held annually in the city every 10 Muharram, the Day of Ashura. This practice was brought to the city in 1818, when ex-British soldiers from India settled in Pariaman. They had been disbanded when the British handed the area back to the Netherlands as part of the Anglo-Dutch Treaty of 1814. The Tabuik festival commemorates the martyrdom of the grandsons of Muhammad, Hasan ibn Ali and Hussein ibn Ali. The Buraq, a purported winged horse that took Muhammad on his night-long journey to heavens, i.e., the Mi'raj, plays a role in the Tabuik. It presumably represents the white horse of the Imam Hussein at the Battle of Karbala, but is portrayed with a woman's head, wings, a broad tail and carrying a coffin. In the festival, two such effigies or "Tabuik", one for Hasan and one for Hussein, are carried through the city. Named Tabuik Pasa and Tabuik Subarang, they are swayed accompanied by tambur music and tasa drums. In the afternoon, both Tabuik are moved to the coast and before sunset they are immersed into the sea. References External links Government of Pariaman
3997177	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Water%20aeration	Water aeration	Water aeration is the process of increasing or maintaining the oxygen saturation of water in both natural and artificial environments. Aeration techniques are commonly used in pond, lake, and reservoir management to address low oxygen levels or algal blooms. Water quality Water aeration is often required in water bodies that suffer from hypoxic or anoxic conditions, often caused by upstream human activities such as sewage discharges, agricultural run-off, or over-baiting a fishing lake. Aeration can be achieved through the infusion of air into the bottom of the lake, lagoon or pond or by surface agitation from a fountain or spray-like device to allow for oxygen exchange at the surface and the release of gasses such as carbon dioxide, methane or hydrogen sulfide. Decreased levels of dissolved oxygen (DO) is a major contributor to poor water quality. Not only do fish and most other aquatic animals need oxygen, aerobic bacteria help decompose organic matter. When oxygen concentrations become low, anoxic conditions may develop which can decrease the ability of the water body to support life. Aeration methods Any procedure by which oxygen is added to water can be considered a type of water aeration. There are many ways to aerate water, but these all fall into two broad areas – surface aeration and subsurface aeration. A variety of techniques and technologies are available for both approaches. Natural aeration Natural aeration is a type of both sub-surface and surface aeration. It can occur through sub-surface aquatic plants. Through the natural process of photosynthesis, water plants release oxygen into the water providing it with the oxygen necessary for fish to live and aerobic bacteria to break down excess nutrients. Oxygen can be driven into the water when the wind disturbs the surface of the water body and natural aeration can occur through a movement of water caused by an incoming stream, waterfall, or even a strong flood. In large water bodies in temperate climates, autumn turn-over can introduce oxygen rich water into the oxygen poor hypolimnion. Surface aeration Low speed surface aerator The low speed surface aerator is a device for biology aeration with high efficiency. Those devices are often in steel protected by epoxy coating and generate high torque. The mixing of water volume is excellent. The common power is going from 1 up to 250kw per unit with an efficiency (SOE) around 2 kgO2/kw. Low speed aerator are used mostly for biology plant aeration for water purification. The higher the diameter, the higher the SOE and mixing. Fountains A fountain consists of a motor that powers a rotating impeller. The impeller pumps water from the first few feet of the water and expels it into the air. This process utilizes air-water contact to transfer oxygen. As the water is propelled into the air, it breaks into small droplets. Collectively, these small droplets have a large surface area through which oxygen can be transferred. Upon return, these droplets mix with the rest of the water and thus transfer their oxygen back to the ecosystem. Fountains are a popular method of surface aerators because of the aesthetic appearance that they offer. However, most fountains are unable to produce a large area of oxygenated water. Also, running electricity through the water to the fountain can be a safety hazard. Floating surface aerators Floating surface aerators work in a similar manner to fountains, but they do not offer the same aesthetic appearance. They extract water from the first 1–2 feet of the water body and utilize air-water contact to transfer oxygen. Instead of propelling water into the air, they disrupt the water at the water surface. Floating surface aerators are also powered by on-shore electricity. Surface aerators are limited to a small area as they are unable to add circulation or oxygen to much more than a 3-metre radius. This circulation and oxygenating is then limited to the first portion of the water column, often leaving the bottom portions unaffected. Low speed surface aerator can also be installed on floats. Paddlewheel aerators Paddlewheel aerators also utilize air-to-water contact to transfer oxygen from the air in the atmosphere to the water body. They are most often used in the aquaculture (rearing aquatic animals or cultivating aquatic plants for food) field. Constructed of a hub with attached paddles, these aerators are usually powered by a tractor power take-off (PTO), a gas engine, or an electric motor. They tend to be mounted on floats. Electricity forces the paddles to turn, churning the water and allowing oxygen transfer through air-water contact. As each new section of water is churned, it absorbs oxygen from the air and then upon its return to the water, restores it to the water. In this regard paddlewheel aeration works very similarly to floating surface aerators. Subsurface aeration Subsurface aeration seeks to release bubbles at the bottom of the water body and allow them to rise by the force of buoyancy. Diffused aeration systems utilize bubbles to aerate as well as mix the water. Water displacement from the expulsion of bubbles will cause a mixing action to occur, and the contact between the water and the bubble will result in an oxygen transfer. Jet aeration Subsurface aeration can be accomplished by the use of jet aerators, which aspirate air, by means of the Venturi principle, and inject the air into the liquid. Coarse bubble aeration Coarse bubble aeration is a type of subsurface aeration wherein air is pumped from an on-shore air compressor. through a hose to a unit placed at the bottom of the water body. The unit expels coarse bubbles (more than 2mm in diameter), which release oxygen when they come into contact with the water, which also contributes to a mixing of the lake's stratified layers. With the release of large bubbles from the system, a turbulent displacement of water occurs which results in a mixing of the water. In comparison to other aeration techniques, coarse bubble aeration is very inefficient in the way of transferring oxygen. This is due to the large diameter and relatively small collective surface area of its bubbles. Fine bubble aeration Fine bubble aeration is an efficient way to transfer oxygen to a water body. A compressor on shore pumps air through a hose, which is connected to an underwater aeration unit. Attached to the unit are a number of diffusers. These diffusers come in the shape of discs, plates, tubes or hoses constructed from glass-bonded silica, porous ceramic plastic, PVC or perforated membranes made from EPDM (ethylene propylene diene Monomer) rubber. Air pumped through the diffuser membranes is released into the water. These bubbles are known as fine bubbles. The EPA defines a fine bubble as anything smaller than 2mm in diameter. This type of aeration has a very high oxygen transfer efficiency (OTE), sometimes as high as 15 pounds of oxygen / (horsepower * hour) (9.1 kilograms of oxygen / (kilowatt * hour)). On average, diffused air aeration diffuses approximately 2–4 cfm (cubic feet of air per minute) (56.6-113.3 liters of air per minute), but some operate at levels as low as 1 cfm (28.3 L/min) or as high as 10 cfm (283 L/min). Fine bubble diffused aeration is able to maximize the surface area of the bubbles and thus transfer more oxygen to the water per bubble. Additionally, smaller bubbles take more time to reach the surface so not only is the surface area maximized but so are the time each bubble spends in the water, allowing it more opportunity to transfer oxygen to the water. As a general rule, smaller bubbles and a deeper release point will generate a greater oxygen transfer rate. One of the drawbacks to fine bubble aeration is that the membranes of ceramic diffusers can sometimes clog and must be cleaned in order to keep them working at their optimum efficiency. Also, they do not possess the ability to mix as well as other aeration techniques, such as coarse bubble aeration. Lake destratification (See also Lake de-stratification) Circulators are commonly used to mix a pond or lake and thus reduce thermal stratification. Once circulated water reaches the surface, the air-water interface facilitates the transfer of oxygen to the lake water. Natural resource and environmental managers have long been challenged by problems caused by thermal stratification of lakes. Fish die-offs have been directly associated with thermal gradients, stagnation, and ice cover. Excessive growth of plankton may limit the recreational use of lakes and the commercial use of lake water. With severe thermal stratification in a lake, the quality of drinking water also can be adversely affected. For fisheries managers, the spatial distribution of fish within a lake is often adversely affected by thermal stratification and in some cases may indirectly cause large die-offs of recreationally important fish. One commonly used tool to reduce the severity of these lake management problems is to eliminate or lessen thermal stratification through aeration. Many types of aeration equipment have been used to reduce or eliminate thermal stratification. Aeration has met with some success, although it has rarely proved to be a panacea. Oxygenation barges During heavy rain, London's sewage storm pipes overflow into the River Thames, sending dissolved oxygen levels plummeting and threatening the species it supports. Two dedicated McTay Marine vessels, oxygenation barges Thames Bubbler and Thames Vitality are used to replenish oxygen levels, as part of an ongoing battle to clean up the river, which now supports 115 species of fish and hundreds more invertebrates, plants and birds. The dissolved oxygen concentration within Cardiff Bay are maintained at or above 5 mg/L. Compressed air is pumped, from five sites around the Bay, through a series of steel reinforced rubber pipelines, laid on the beds of the Bay and Rivers Taff and Ely. These are connected to approximately 800 diffusers. At times this is insufficient and the Harbour Authority is using a mobile oxygenation barge built by McTay Marine with liquid oxygen stored in a tank. Liquid oxygen is passed through an electrically heated vapouriser and the gas is injected into a stream of water which is pumped from, and returned to, the bay. The barge is capable of dissolving up to 5 tonnes of oxygen in 24 hours. Similar options have been proposed to help rehabilitate the Chesapeake Bay where the principal problem is lack of filter-feeding organisms such as oysters responsible for keeping the water clean. Historically the Bay's oyster population was in the tens of billions, and they circulated the entire Bay volume in a matter of days. Due to pollution, disease and over-harvesting their population are a fraction of their historic levels. Water that was once clear for meters is now so turbid and sediment ridden that a wader may lose sight of their feet before their knees are wet. Oxygen is normally supplied by submerged aquatic vegetation via photosynthesis but pollution and sediments have reduced the plant populations , resulting in a reduction of dissolved oxygen levels rendering areas of the bay unsuitable for aerobic aquatic life. In a symbiotic relation the plants provide the oxygen needed for underwater organisms to proliferate, in exchange the filter feeders keep the water clean and thus clear enough for plants to have sufficient access to sunlight. Researchers have proposed that oxygenation through artificial means as a solution to help improve water quality. Aeration of hypoxic water bodies seems an appealing solution and it has been tried successfully many times on freshwater ponds and small lakes. However no one has undertaken an aeration project as large as an estuary. Water treatment aeration Many water treatment processes use a variety of forms of aeration to support biological oxidative processes. A typical example is activated sludge which can use fine or coarse bubble aeration or mechanical aeration cones which draw up mixed liquor from the base of a treatment tank and eject it through the air where oxygen is entrained in the liquor. See also Aerated lagoon Lake ecosystem Limnology References Aquatic ecology
5390497	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olecranon%20fossa	Olecranon fossa	The olecranon fossa is a deep triangular depression on the posterior side of the humerus, superior to the trochlea. It provides space for the olecranon of the ulna during extension of the forearm. Structure The olecranon fossa is located on the posterior side of the distal humerus. The joint capsule of the elbow attaches to the humerus just proximal to the olecranon fossa. Function The olecranon fossa provides space for the olecranon of the ulna during extension of the forearm, from which it gets its name. Other animals The olecranon fossa is present in various mammals, including dogs. Additional images References External links Photo of model at Waynesburg College skeleton3/olecranonfossa () Imaging at umich.edu Bones of the upper limb Humerus
3997183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long-distance%20motorcycle%20riding	Long-distance motorcycle riding	Long-distance riding is the activity of riding motorcycles over long distances, both competitively and as a pastime. A goal of long-distance riding is to explore one's endurance while riding a motorcycle, sometimes across several countries. Non-competitive forms of long-distance riding are typically a form of motorcycle touring, sometimes as part of an organised rally. Competitive long-distance motorcycle riding consist in riding in endurance events such as the French Bol d'Or and the 24 Heures du Mans, with a popular target being to cover 1,000 miles in a day. Events Long-distance riders may participate in a number of structured and unstructured events. Rallies Endurance riders sometimes engage in endurance events known as rallies. Rallies take on a multitude of formats, differing in duration (anywhere from 8 hours to 11 days), style, types of roads ridden and so forth. Some rallies have been referred to as "advanced scavenger hunts" and require participants to locate specific locations (a series of "Little House on the Prairie" locations, for instance), perform specific tasks (take a Polaroid photograph of a giant baseball bat, write down time, date and mileage and so forth), and sundry other items during the duration of the rally. Iron Butt Rally The 'Olympics' of all endurance rallies is the Iron Butt Rally (IBR). This event takes place over eleven days, usually in late August, on odd numbered years, and is run by the Iron Butt Association. In the early years this was an obscure event with only a dozen or so riders. Over the past decade or so, as distance riding has gained in popularity, the event has become so crowded that the IBA has imposed a limit of 125 riders. Entry is via lottery and discretion of the rallymasters. The basic concept is a lap around the lower 48 United States, with possible diversions into Canada and Alaska. There are interim checkpoints, at which the rider must appear within a brief time window or forfeit any bonus points acquired on that leg. The Iron Butt Rally, like all endurance rallies, is not a race. There is no advantage to arriving early at a checkpoint. The goal is to earn the most points, which are not directly related to number of miles traveled. The winning rider may not be the one with the most miles ridden. Other endurance rides recognized by the Iron Butt Association are not competitions, but are documented rides (such as the Saddlesore 1000, the BunBurner 1500, the BunBurner Gold 1500, the 100 Coast-to-Coast-to-Coast insanity) that require the rider to meticulously record mileage, fuel taken on and other factors in order to complete a documented ride. Other rallies There are plenty of other rallies, shorter and easier to get into, available to the competitive and fun-seeking long-distance rider. Some popular 24-hr rallies are the Utah 1088, Minuteman 1000, Land of Enchantment 1000, Mason Dixon 20-20, Not Superman Rally, Texas Two Step, Cal 24, Minnesota 1000, and many others. For those looking for an IBR-like event, there are multi-day rallies such as the Butt Lite, Northwest Passage, and newcomers Spank and Ten 'N Ten. These rallies are all put on by rallymasters and volunteers who devote countless unpaid hours to their events. The riders themselves are competing for nothing more than bragging rights and the personal challenge. These rallies are also viewed as training grounds for the 11-day Iron Butt Rally. Notable long-distance riders Carl Stearns Clancy, the first motorcyclist to circle the globe, in 1912/13. Dave Barr — Vietnam veteran who became the first double-amputee to circumnavigate the world on a motorcycle Ewan McGregor and Charley Boorman — riding for the books and TV series Long Way Round, Long Way Down, and Long Way Up Simon and Monika Newbound — world record for motorcycle endurance Neil Peart — drummer of rock band Rush, who undertook a long-distance ride from his home in Quebec, Canada, across Canada to Alaska and then down to Mexico and Belize after the deaths of his daughter and wife—a ride that was later documented in the book Ghost Rider: Travels on the Healing Road Paul Pelland — riding to raise money for multiple sclerosis charities Benka Pulko — Slovenian motorcyclist who holds two Guinness World Records for her 5.5 year, 7 continent trip Nick Sanders — Guinness World Record for fastest circumnavigation of the world by motorcycle in 1997 Kevin and Julia Sanders — broke Nick Sanders' record in 2002 and broke the record for the Pan American Highway in 2003 Ted Simon — ride through 45 countries was documented in his books Jupiter's Travels and Riding High Kane Avellano — Guinness World Record for youngest person to circumnavigate the world by motorcycle (solo and unsupported) at the age of 23 in 2017. References External links AREM/IBA Mexico Asphalt Rats Endurance Motorcycling (location: Mexico) Bracebridge Native takes Motorcycle Ride to the ‘End of the World’ by Karen Longwell, July 8, 2009 List of long-distance motorcycle riders
5390500	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Botton%2C%20North%20Yorkshire	Botton, North Yorkshire	Botton is a small village within the North York Moors National Park in North Yorkshire, England which is mainly a Camphill Community for people with learning disabilities. The origins of Botton village Botton was founded in 1955 on the initiative of the Camphill community in Scotland and initial direction of Peter Roth. It was the first organisation of its kind within the anthroposophical social therapeutic work specifically for people with disability after they reached adulthood. It is home to more than 230 people, around 100 of whom are adults with learning disabilities. Many people who live there, live in shared family-style homes together with co-workers, others are supported in shared accommodation with friends or live independently. There are five biodynamic farms located around the village. The community works together on these farms, each person contributing according to his or her ability. In the village there are many different workshops where villagers make products which are sold to the public via a number of outlets. There are also three shops: a gift shop, for visitors, with items from both Botton and other Camphill villages; a village store, which is the village food shop and a "Coffee Bar" where the villagers and co-workers congregate in the evening to chat and play board games. Botton village received the Deputy Prime Minister's Award for Sustainable Communities in 2005; the award cited the community's dedication to the ethos of sustainability and mutual respect, as well as their concrete achievements in these areas. Also in 2005, the village featured in a Channel 4 documentary entitled Botton, the strangest village in Britain. Current disputes Some members of the local and surrounding community have been in dispute with the charity that runs the village, the Camphill Village Trust (CVT), taking their case to the High Court. However, following mediation at the beginning of July 2015, both sides are working to find a positive way forward for the community. They will return to review progress with the mediator early in 2016. The dispute centred on whether the historic model of volunteer co-workers receiving financial and other benefits from the charity, instead of a salary, in return for living and working in Botton, was acceptable to Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs (HMRC). Action for Botton Action for Botton – the group campaigning with Botton co-workers for the retention of the voluntary co-worker model – believes that, in introducing paid employment for co-worker's services, the charity is acting against its own founding principles. They highlight many other Camphill Communities that continue to operate the co-worker model. Action for Botton also have letters stating that HMRC do not require volunteer co-workers to be employed Financial Secretary to the Treasury David Gauke writes: "I would like to make it clear that that there has been no recent change in legislation, nor change in rules by HMRC, which affect the tax status of volunteer workers. It appears that changes being introduced by the CVT are as a result of independent advice received by the Trust, and not as a result of any direct or indirect action by HMRC." However, a letter from HMRC to the CVT, dated 1 December 2014 and published on the Trust's Facebook page indicates otherwise, stating that "HMRC has now provided its Status Opinion in relation to the co-workers within the CVT which is that in our view those co-workers will be employees with effect from 6 April 2015. Consequently our view is that it is now incumbent on the Trustees and Directors of the CVT to take appropriate action mindful of their respectful fiduciary duties." Action for Botton's main concern was that the move to paid employment would prevent co-workers from continuing to share their homes with learning disabled people in the way they had since Botton was established. During the mediation process, the Trust reaffirmed its commitment to shared living and co-working, within a mixed portfolio of living and care options available to the people it supports. References External links Action for Botton Botton Buddies Botton Village Camphill documentary – Battle for the Soul Camphill Village Trust Villages in North Yorkshire Anthroposophy

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