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5389714 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virulence%20factor | Virulence factor | Virulence factors (preferably known as pathogenicity factors or effectors in plant science) are cellular structures, molecules and regulatory systems that enable microbial pathogens (bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa) to achieve the following:
colonization of a niche in the host (this includes movement towards and attachment to host cells)
immunoevasion, evasion of the host's immune response
immunosuppression, inhibition of the host's immune response (this includes leukocidin-mediated cell death)
entry into and exit out of cells (if the pathogen is an intracellular one)
obtain nutrition from the host
Specific pathogens possess a wide array of virulence factors. Some are chromosomally encoded and intrinsic to the bacteria (e.g. capsules and endotoxin), whereas others are obtained from mobile genetic elements like plasmids and bacteriophages (e.g. some exotoxins). Virulence factors encoded on mobile genetic elements spread through horizontal gene transfer, and can convert harmless bacteria into dangerous pathogens. Bacteria like Escherichia coli O157:H7 gain the majority of their virulence from mobile genetic elements. Gram-negative bacteria secrete a variety of virulence factors at host-pathogen interface, via membrane vesicle trafficking as bacterial outer membrane vesicles for invasion, nutrition and other cell-cell communications. It has been found that many pathogens have converged on similar virulence factors to battle against eukaryotic host defenses. These obtained bacterial virulence factors have two different routes used to help them survive and grow:
The factors are used to assist and promote colonization of the host. These factors include adhesins, invasins, and antiphagocytic factors.
The factors, including toxins, hemolysins and proteases, bring damage to the host.
Attachment, immunoevasion, and immunosuppression
Bacteria produce various adhesins including lipoteichoic acid, trimeric autotransporter adhesins and a wide variety of other surface proteins to attach to host tissue.
Capsules, made of carbohydrate, form part of the outer structure of many bacterial cells including Neisseria meningitidis. Capsules play important roles in immune evasion, as they inhibit phagocytosis, as well as protecting the bacteria while outside the host.
Another group of virulence factors possessed by bacteria are immunoglobulin (Ig) proteases. Immunoglobulins are antibodies expressed and secreted by hosts in response to an infection. These immunoglobulins play a major role in destruction of the pathogen through mechanisms such as opsonization. Some bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, are able to break down the host's immunoglobulins using proteases.
Viruses also have notable virulence factors. Experimental research, for example, often focuses on creating environments that isolate and identify the role of "niche-specific virulence genes". These are genes that perform specific tasks within specific tissues/places at specific times; the sum total of niche-specific genes is the virus' virulence. Genes characteristic of this concept are those that control latency in some viruses like herpes. Murine gamma herpesvirus 68 (γHV68) and human herpesviruses depend on a subset of genes that allow them to maintain a chronic infection by reactivating when specific environmental conditions are met. Even though they are not essential for lytic phases of the virus, these latency genes are important for promoting chronic infection and continued replication within infected individuals.
Destructive enzymes
Some bacteria, such as Streptococcus pyogenes, Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, produce a variety of enzymes which cause damage to host tissues. Enzymes include hyaluronidase, which breaks down the connective tissue component hyaluronic acid; a range of proteases and lipases; DNases, which break down DNA, and hemolysins which break down a variety of host cells, including red blood cells.
GTPases
A major group of virulence factors are proteins that can control the activation levels of GTPases. There are two ways in which they act. One is by acting as a GEF or GAP, and proceeding to look like a normally eukaryotic cellular protein. The other is covalently modifying the GTPase itself. The first way is reversible; many bacteria like Salmonella have two proteins to turn the GTPases on and off. The other process is irreversible, using toxins to completely change the target GTPase and shut down or override gene expression.
One example of a bacterial virulence factor acting like a eukaryotic protein is Salmonella protein SopE it acts as a GEF, turning the GTPase on to create more GTP. It does not modify anything, but overdrives normal cellular internalization process, making it easier for the Bacteria to be colonized within a host cell.
YopT (Yersinia outer protein T) from Yersinia is an example of modification of the host. It modifies the proteolytic cleavage of carboxyl terminus of RhoA, releasing RhoA from the membrane. The mislocalization of RhoA causes downstream effectors to not work.
Toxins
A major category of virulence factors are bacterial toxins. These are divided into two groups: endotoxins and exotoxins.
Endotoxins
Endotoxin is a component (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)) of the cell wall of gram-negative bacteria. It is the lipid A part of this LPS which is toxic. Lipid A is an endotoxin. Endotoxins trigger intense inflammation. They bind to receptors on monocytes causing the release of inflammatory mediators which induce degranulation. As part of this immune response cytokines are released; these can cause the fever and other symptoms seen during disease. If a high amount of LPS is present then septic shock (or endotoxic shock) may result which, in severe cases, can lead to death. As glycolipids (as opposed to peptides), endotoxins are not bound by B or T-cell receptors and do not elicit an adaptive immune response.
Exotoxins
Exotoxins are actively secreted by some bacteria and have a wide range of effects including inhibition of certain biochemical pathways in the host. The two most potent known exotoxins are the tetanus toxin (tetanospasmin) secreted by Clostridium tetani and the botulinum toxin secreted by Clostridium botulinum. Exotoxins are also produced by a range of other bacteria including Escherichia coli; Vibrio cholerae (causative agent of cholera); Clostridium perfringens (common causative agent of food poisoning as well as gas gangrene) and Clostridium difficile (causative agent of pseudomembranous colitis). A potent three-protein virulence factor produced by Bacillus anthracis, called anthrax toxin, plays a key role in anthrax pathogenesis. Exotoxins are extremely immunogenic meaning that they trigger the humoral response (antibodies target the toxin).
Exotoxins are also produced by some fungi as a competitive resource. The toxins, named mycotoxins, deter other organisms from consuming the food colonised by the fungi. As with bacterial toxins, there is a wide array of fungal toxins. Arguably one of the more dangerous mycotoxins is aflatoxin produced by certain species of the genus Aspergillus (notably A. flavus). If ingested repeatedly, this toxin can cause serious liver damage.
Examples
Examples of virulence factors for Staphylococcus aureus are hyaluronidase, protease, coagulase, lipases, deoxyribonucleases and enterotoxins. Examples for Streptococcus pyogenes are M protein, lipoteichoic acid, hyaluronic acid capsule, destructive enzymes (including streptokinase, streptodornase, and hyaluronidase), and exotoxins (including streptolysin). Examples for Listeria monocytogenes include internalin A, internalin B, listeriolysin O, and actA, all of which are used to help colonize the host. Examples for Yersinia pestis are an altered form of lipopolysaccharide, type three secretion system, and YopE and YopJ pathogenicity. The cytolytic peptide Candidalysin is produced during hyphal formation by Candida albicans; it is an example of a virulence factor from a fungus. Other virulence factors include factors required for biofilm formation (e.g. sortases) and integrins (e.g. beta-1 and 3).
Inhibition and control
Strategies to target virulence factors and the genes encoding them have been proposed. Small molecules being investigated for their ability to inhibit virulence factors and virulence factor expression include alkaloids, flavonoids, and peptides.
Experimental studies are done to characterize specific bacterial pathogens and to identify their specific virulence factors. Scientists are trying to better understand these virulence factors through identification and analysis to better understand the infectious process in hopes that new diagnostic techniques, specific antimicrobial compounds, and effective vaccines or toxoids may be eventually produced to treat and prevent infection.
There are three general experimental ways for the virulence factors to be identified: biochemically, immunologically, and genetically. For the most part, the genetic approach is the most extensive way in identifying the bacterial virulence factors. Bacterial DNA can be altered from pathogenic to non-pathogenic, random mutations may be introduced to their genome, specific genes encoding for membrane or secretory products may be identified and mutated, and genes that regulate virulence genes maybe identified.
Experiments involving Yersinia pseudotuberculosis have been used to change the virulence phenotype of non-pathogenic bacteria to pathogenic. Because of horizontal gene transfer, it is possible to transfer the a clone of the DNA from Yersinia to a non-pathogenic E. coli and have them express the pathogenic virulence factor.
Transposon, a DNA element inserted at random, mutagenesis of bacteria DNA is also a highly used experimental technique done by scientists. These transposons carry a marker that can be identified within the DNA. When placed at random, the transposon may be placed next to a virulence factor or placed in the middle of a virulence factor gene, which stops the expression of the virulence factor. By doing so, scientists can make a library of the genes using these markers and easily find the genes that cause the virulence factor.
See also
Resistance-Nodulation-Cell Division Superfamily (RND)
Filamentation
References |
5389728 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20McCallum | Robert McCallum | Robert McCallum may refer to:
Robert McCallum Jr. (born 1946), American attorney and diplomat
Robert Hope McCallum (1864–1939), builder, entrepreneur, and social figure in Auckland, New Zealand
Robert McCallum, pseudonym of Gary Graver, American film director |
5389735 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20Syria%3A%20Including%20Lebanon%20and%20Palestine | History of Syria: Including Lebanon and Palestine | History of Syria including Lebanon and Palestine is a book written by Philip Khuri Hitti and published in 1951.
Amazon.com writes about it:
''A brilliant history of the land into which more historical and cultural events were crowded than perhaps into any area of equal size. For Syria has either invented or transmitted to mankind such benefits as monotheistic religion, philosophy, law, trade, agriculture and our alphabet.
References
History books about the Middle East |
5389744 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beasant | Beasant | Beasant or Besant is an English language surname derived from a coin called the byzantius which is named after the city of Byzantium where they were first minted.
Because of the circular nature of the coins the word byzantius, or bezant, as it travelled across Europe, came to mean the 'circle or disk' represented on a coat of arms (in old French), also known as a roundel.
The Beasants were gardeners in the King's court.
Notable people with the surname Besant
Annie Besant, prominent Theosophist, women's rights activist, writer and orator.
Derek Michael Besant, Canadian artist.
Henry Besant, venue manager.
Mabel Besant-Scott, English Theosophist.
Sir Walter Besant, English novelist and historian.
William Henry Besant, British mathematician.
Notable people with the surname Beasant
Dave Beasant, English football goalkeeper.
Sam Beasant, English goalkeeper.
See also
List of Old English (Anglo-Saxon) surnames
References
English-language surnames |
5389754 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Campbell%20Island | Campbell Island | Campbell Island may refer to:
Campbell Island, Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia
Campbell Island (British Columbia), Canada
Campbell Island, New Zealand
Campbell Island (Maine), USA
Campbell Island (North Carolina), USA |
3996212 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/America%20East%20Conference%20Men%27s%20Basketball%20Tournament | America East Conference Men's Basketball Tournament | The America East Men's Basketball Tournament is the annual concluding tournament for the NCAA college basketball in the America East Conference. The winner of the annual tournament gains an automatic bid to the NCAA Men's Division I Basketball Championship.
Format and hosts
As of 2013, the first rounds take place at a single location, usually the home arena of one of the conference schools, but the championship game is hosted the next weekend by the higher remaining seed. The 2013 and 2014 Tournament preliminary rounds were hosted by the University at Albany.
Beginning in 2015, the format was changed from a single location in the first rounds to multiple locations. For every round, including the finals the higher seeded team in each game hosts. After the first round, teams are reseeded to account for upsets that may have occurred.
Beginning with the 2018 edition, the last place team in the conference standings will not take part in the tournament. This change was made due to the impending eligibility of UMass Lowell for NCAA-sponsored postseason play, following the completion of the school's transition from NCAA Division II.
History of the Tournament Finals
Championships by School
†Former member of the America East
Maine, New Hampshire, UMass Lowell, and NJIT are the only remaining teams in the conference to have never won a title. Stony Brook recently won their first title in 2016, after losing in their four previous title game appearances.
Broadcasters
Television
Radio
References
America East Championship Results
Recurring sporting events established in 1980 |
5389764 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohamed%20Diriye%20Abdullahi | Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi | Mohamed Diriye Abdullahi (, ; born 1958) is a Somali-Canadian scholar, linguist, writer, translator and professor.
Biography
Formerly a journalist in his native Somalia, Abdullahi emigrated to Canada, where he earned a Master's degree and a Ph.D. in linguistics from the Université de Montréal in Montreal, Quebec. He also earned a higher diploma in the instruction of French as a second language at the Université de Franche-comté in Besançon, France.
Abdullahi is fluent in Somali, Arabic, English and French. His research interests include the study of the Afro-Asiatic languages in general (particularly its Cushitic branch), as well as Somali history and culture.
He has also written numerous books, notably Culture and Customs of Somalia published by Greenwood Publishing Group in 2001, where he addresses the obscure origins of the Somali people, among other topics.
Abdullahi currently teaches linguistics at the Université de Montréal. He also works as a freelance translator and language consultant.
Bibliography
Major publications
Manuscripts and projects
The Evolution and Meaning of the Cardinal Directions in Somali—Paper showing how the four words for the cardinal directions in the Somali language evolved into their present forms.
The Diachronic Development of the Progressive in Somali—Paper discussing the formation of the progressive tense in the Somali language.
Dissertation
See also
Somali Studies
References
External links
Diriye's Homepage
The Somali Language Page
1958 births
Living people
Somalian emigrants to Canada
Université de Montréal alumni
University of Franche-Comté alumni
Somalian writers
Ethnic Somali people
Linguists from Somalia
Somalian scientists
Somalian non-fiction writers
Somalian scholars
Somalists |
3996214 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inniswood%20Metro%20Gardens | Inniswood Metro Gardens | The Inniswood Metro Gardens (123 acres), is a botanical garden and nature preserve located at 940 South Hempstead Road in Westerville, Ohio. It is open daily from 7 am until dark without an admission fee. It is part of the Metro Parks system of Columbus, Ohio.
The garden site was first established as the estate of sisters Grace and Mary Innis. They gave their home and land to Metro Parks in 1972.
The garden now contains more than 2,000 plant species, including collections of conifers, daffodils, daylilies, hostas, and theme gardens (Biblical, herbal, medicinal, rose, and woodland rock garden). Plantings include peony, bearded iris, daylilies, and naturalized daffodils. Woodland trails are lined with wildflowers.
See also
List of botanical gardens in the United States
References
External links
Botanical gardens in Ohio
Protected areas of Franklin County, Ohio
Westerville, Ohio |
5389769 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aperol | Aperol | Aperol is an Italian bitter apéritif made of gentian, rhubarb, and cinchona, among other ingredients. It has a vibrant orange hue. Its name comes from the Italian slang word for aperitivo, which is apero.
History
Aperol was originally produced by the Barbieri company, based in Padua, but is now produced by the Campari Group. While Aperol was originally created in 1919, by Luigi and Silvio Barbieri, it did not become successful until after World War II. Although it tastes and smells much like Campari, Aperol has an alcohol content of 11%—less than half that of Campari. Aperol and Campari have the same sugar content, and Aperol is less bitter in taste. Campari is also much darker in colour.
Aperol sold in Germany had an alcohol content of 15% for some time to avoid German container deposit legislation regulations, but as of 2021 it is sold with an alcohol content of 11% again.
Mix variants
The Spritz, an aperitif cocktail, is often made using Aperol. The result is known as the Aperol Spritz. Another variant is the Aperol Sour.
Sponsorship
As of April 2010, Aperol was the official sponsor of Moto GP, the Grand Prix of Motorcycle racing.
Aperol announced a partnership with Manchester United to become the club’s Official Global Spirits Partner from January 2014 until the end of the 2016/2017 season.
See also
Campari
Cinzano
Cynar
Fernet
Select
References
External links
Campari Group
Italian liqueurs
Products introduced in 1919 |
3996238 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fatmir%20Sejdiu | Fatmir Sejdiu | Fatmir Sejdiu (; born 23 October 1951) is a Kosovar politician. He was the leader of the Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK) and was the 1st President of Republic of Kosovo.
Early life and education
Fatmir Sejdiu was born on October 23, 1951, in the small village of Pakashticë, Podujevo, FPR Yugoslavia. He was the first child of Nexhmi Sejdiu and Miradije Shala-Sejdiu.
He finished the primary school and high school in Podujevë.
He graduated from the Faculty of Law, the University of Pristina, in 1974, where he also completed his postgraduate studies and earned his PhD degree.
He attended studies in France (University of Paris II Panthéon-Assas, 1984, the Section of History of the Institutions of Economics, Philosophy and Sociology of Law and History of Political Theories), then in the United States (the Arizona State University), and has had short study visits at other universities.
He has published a number of works in the field of the legal, historical, and legal-constitutional studies and other areas.
Sejdiu has been a professor at the Faculty of Law since 1975, and as of lately at the Faculty of Political Sciences at the University of Prishtina as well.
He speaks Albanian, English, French, Serbian and Macedonian.
Political career
Before the war, Sejdiu was an early protester against Yugoslav authoritarian rule and engaged in parallel institutions of the movement for liberation. During this time, he was member of Central Commission for the Referendum for Independence of Kosovo (organised in September 1991). During the period 1992-98 and 1998–2001, he was elected as member of Parliament of the Republic of Kosovo, serving as Secretary General of Parliament and Chairman of the Constitutional Commission. Sejdiu had for many years in his academic office a portrait depicting himself and fellow political party leader Veton Surroi locking arms before the riot police. He has always been widely admired for being honest and fair in all his political dealings.
Due to persisting conflicts between the Kosovo Liberation Army (KLA) and the security forces of Yugoslavia, the Kosovo War broke out in 1998. Accusations of widespread abuse by government forces towards ethnic Albanians in 1999 ignited the second part of the war in which NATO forces unleashed a bombing campaign against the government. The war ended in mid-1999, and Kosovo was placed under a UN Protectorate of autonomy where Ibrahim Rugova became the president of the territory. President Sejdiu succeeded Rugova and became the first president of Kosovo when it declared independence from Serbia on 17 February 2008.
As one of the founders of Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK), Sejdiu served in each of the Presidencies of the LDK, including two mandates as Secretary General of the Party.
As well as serving on the Presidency of the Assembly of Kosovo and was one of the authors of the Constitutional Framework of Kosovo in 2001. He was an influential parliamentarian in the LDK, the party of former Kosovo President Ibrahim Rugova. On 10 February 2006, Fatmir Sejdiu was elected President of the Republic of Kosova with two-thirds of the votes of the Kosova Assembly members, after Rugova died from lung cancer in early 2006. Sejdiu has won praise from world leaders for prioritising implementation of the UN-endorsed standards of good governance and multi-ethnicity.
In the capacity of the country's president, Sejdiu as Head of the Kosovo Negotiation Team, led successfully the Kosovar Delegation (the Unity Team) in the internationally facilitated negotiations for resolving the final status of the Kosova in Vienna. Also Sejdiu led Kosovo delegation on extra 120 days of talks with Serbian delegation, mediated by envoys from the US, EU and Russia (Frank Wisner, Wolfgang Ischinger and Alexandar Botsan-Kharchenko). After this process of negotiations, Kosovo declared independence. Sejdiu participated in final drafting of text of Declaration of Independence of Kosovo, and also is the first to sign the Declaration of Independence.
On 9 January 2008, Sejdiu resigned from his position as President of Kosovo to run again in the following elections held the same day. This would allow him to start a completely new term with the inauguration of the new legislature, given that there are no term limits established by the Constitution Framework. He received 68 votes out of 81 needed for his election after a third round of parliamentary vote, when a simple majority of 61 votes is required for the election of the president and regained the position. His opponent, Naim Maloku of the Alliance for the Future of Kosovo (AAK), running with the support of three minor parties, obtained 37 votes in the first round. Sejdiu received one vote less in the second round, while 37 deputies chose Maloku. Sejdiu was elected in the third round of voting later on the same day.
On 27 September 2010, he stepped down from the post of president of the Republic of Kosovo following constitutional concerns. Prior to his resignation, the Constitutional Court of Kosovo stated that Fatmir Sejdiu was violating the Constitution of Kosovo, because he was both president of the Republic of Kosovo and also leader of Democratic League of Kosovo (LDK).
In November 2010, he lost the LDK leadership election to Isa Mustafa
Honours and decorations
Skanderbeg's Order honored by the President of the Republic of Albania.
Doctor Honoris Causa degree from the University of Tirana.
“Distinguished Global Leadership” award by the Arizona State University.
Doctor Honoris Causa by the Sakarya University in Turkey.
"Honorary Citizen" title of Shkodër, Shëngjin, Bajram Curri (town) and Margegaj Tropojë in Albania.
References
External links
Official website of the President of Kosovo
1951 births
Democratic League of Kosovo politicians
Kosovo Albanians
Kosovan Muslims
Living people
Presidents of Kosovo
Recipients of the Order of Skanderbeg (1990–)
Politicians from Podujevo |
5389783 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morris%20Six%20MS | Morris Six MS | The Morris Six Series MS is a six-cylinder midsize car from Morris Motors Limited which was produced from 1948 to 1953. Announced with Morris Motors' Minor, Oxford and Wolseley ranges on Tuesday 26 October 1948, it was Morris's first post-war six-cylinder car. All the new cars were of integral construction of chassis and body and rode on independent front suspension with torsion bars. At launch, the car was priced at £607 (including tax) on the UK market, though the price rose to £671 on 1 March 1949.
Under the old system, which was dropped that year, its engine rated at just over 20hp. With a clear external likeness to its pre-war 25hp predecessor, the car was also very similar to the Issigonis-designed Morris Oxford MO, sharing the Oxford's body shell from the scuttle backwards, and was also similar to his Minor MM. The bonnet was longer than the Oxford's single SU carburettor, to accommodate the overhead camshaft, six-cylinder engine, which produced at 4800 rpm. The whole car was longer than the Oxford, having a wheelbase of , compared with the wheelbase of the Oxford. The suspension at the front used independent torsion bars, and at the rear there was a conventional live axle and semi elliptic springs. The steering did not use the rack and pinion system fitted to the Oxford, but used a lower-geared Bishop Cam system. The drum brakes were hydraulically operated using Lockheed system. Production was delayed until March 1949 because of difficulties with metal fatigue in the link of the bulkhead or scuttle to the front suspension.
Aside from the grille and identification marks, the whole car was shared with Nuffield Organization's more luxuriously finished stable-mate Wolseley as the 6/80.
A car tested by the British magazine The Motor in 1950 had a top speed of and could accelerate from 0- in 22.4 seconds. A fuel consumption of was recorded. The test car cost £671 including taxes.
In 1950, the rear axle ratio was lowered to improve acceleration, and twin dampers were fitted to the front independent torsion bar suspension.
A de-luxe version was announced at the 1953 London Motor Show, featuring leather upholstery, a heater, and over-riders on the front bumpers.
References
External links
The 6/80 & MO Club Website
Six MS
Cars introduced in 1948
1950s cars
Rear-wheel-drive vehicles
Sedans |
3996244 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20Eveleigh | South Eveleigh | South Eveleigh, previously known as Australian Technology Park (ATP) is a retail, business centre and technology park on Gadigal land, south of the Sydney central business district and north of Sydney Airport. South Eveleigh borders Alexandria and Eveleigh. Eveleigh Railway Workshops emerged on the site in the 19th century and it was transformed into Australian Technology Park in 1995.
Australian Technology Park primarily houses start-up hi-tech companies, especially biotech firms, and spin-offs from university research. The Park also houses venture capital companies, banks and legal firms. It was created in 1995, by the Government of New South Wales, the University of Sydney, University of Technology, Sydney and University of New South Wales, and was originally operated by the Australian Technology Park Sydney Ltd up until 2000, then by the Sydney Harbour Foreshore Authority before operation was passed to the Redfern-Waterloo Authority. The Park has encouraged collaborative ventures that maximise the capacity of companies to take products of market driven research through to the commercialisation phase. The intent of the Park is for university scientists and engineers to join with industrial scientists and engineers to apply university research ideas in new products and production processes. As such, researchers have been located alongside companies with the capital and expertise to commercialise and export them with the objective of improving Australia's global competitiveness. The Park also includes conference, dining and exhibition facilities.
Australian Technology Park established strategic alliances with the Oxford Science Park, Techneon (Israel Institute of Technology), UCSC Philadelphia and Kyoto Research Park.
Within three and a half years of operation, the Australian Technology Park achieved international status. The Park was also chosen as a benchmark model for Queensland, Victoria and New Zealand, and assisted incubator programs in the region.
In 2015 the site was acquired by Mirvac, to become home to Commonwealth Bank of Australia.
History and project development
Originally called Advanced Technology Park, the Australian Technology Park occupies the site of the former Eveleigh Railway Workshops. Other sites initially considered for the Park were the ACI site in Waterloo, the Department of Defence site in Zetland and Homebush Bay. The three universities (University of Sydney, University Technology Sydney and University of New South Wales) favoured the Eveleigh site.
The actual conception of the ATP dates back to as early as May 1989. In 1998, Professor Trevor Cole, the then Executive Director of The Warren Centre for Advanced Engineering of The University of Sydney was asked to document the early years.
In August 1990, the Business Liaison Office of The University of Sydney prepared a comprehensive report detailing some 'perspectives and recommendations for the establishment of a smart city on the then Eveleigh railway yard site' - this followed an overseas study tour to 15 science parks, principally in the USA, but also in the UK (Cambridge), Japan and Sweden.
The project to create an Australian Technology Park was launched in 1989 when Tom Forgan OAM agreed to provide the related consultancy services to the University of Sydney based on findings from John O’Hara in 1982 on the overseas migration of technology and researchers. The University of Sydney submitted to the State Railway Authority on the potential of the Eveleigh site for such a venture. The site was secured in 1993.
The creation of the Australian Technology Park was spearheaded by the University of Sydney, University Technology Sydney and University of New South Wales. The project's development was led by an Interim Board (later the Board) that was headed by John Conde, and included John Niland (then Vice Chancellor of the University of New South Wales), Gavin Brown (then Vice Chancellor of University of Sydney), RD Guthrie (then Vice Chancellor of University of Technology Sydney), Bruce Jones, Peter Fritz, AJ Gillespie and Thomas John Forgan. Thomas John Forgan then served as Executive Director of the Park, and was tasked with championing the Park, designing its theme and creating industry interest. Forgan was awarded an honorary Doctor of Engineering by the University of Sydney and an Order of Australia Medal in recognition of his outstanding role.
The Australian Technology Park Interim Board engaged Farrel Management to prepare a business plan. A budget of AUS$22 million over five years was approved by Premier John Fahey on 29 August 1994.
Public art
South Eveleigh is home to large scale public art such as The Interchange Pavilion by Chris Fox located at Village Square, Lobby Art by Jonathan Jones, The Eveleigh Tree House and Happy Rain by Nell.
Transport
The precinct is reachable via public transport with parking also available onsite. There are direct bus links from Sydney CBD and Marrickville Metro which stop in front of the South Eveleigh precinct.
Filming
The Seven Network moved their production studios from Epping in Sydney's north west to South Eveleigh. Global Television (Australia) also set up studios in one half of the new building.
Criticism and support
Main opposition for the project came from heritage groups, local community, Council of the City of South Sydney, Department of State Development and Department of Planning.
The Department of State Development and Department of Planning expressed concern at the planning stages of the project in relation to the use of the Eveleigh site.
The project received State and Commonwealth political support from John Johnson, Nick Greiner (then Premier of New South Wales), in addition to John Button, Simon Crean, Peter Baldwin, Bob Carr, Michael Easson, Ross Free and Brian Howe. The project secured funds under the Commonwealth's Building Better Cities Program, and a location from Eveleigh Council. Wollongong University also endorsed the Park's bid to the Premier for HPCC funding based on its assistance in regional incubator programs. The Park has also received funding and support from NSW government, Department of Education Employment Training and Youth Affairs, ETF, SSC, Roads and Traffic Authority, Telstra and AGL. In addition, the project received endorsement from the Japanese consulate.
See also
Eveleigh Railway Workshops
Eveleigh Railway Workshops machinery
Eveleigh Carriage Workshops
Eveleigh Chief Mechanical Engineer's office
Carriageworks
References
External links
Science parks in Australia
Buildings and structures in Sydney |
5389806 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanwhile%2C%20back%20at%20the%20ranch | Meanwhile, back at the ranch | "Meanwhile, back at the ranch..." is a catch phrase that appears in a variety of contexts. For example, it may be employed by narrators of American cowboy movies and TV shows to indicate a segue from one scene to another but there is often more to this than meets the eye. The expression originated as a stock subtitle in the silent movies and at first the reference to the ranch was literal. Later, as the phrase became a cliché, it was used more and more loosely and with a growing sense of mockery or levity, often with a vague focus. In this manifestation the phrase came into common use in unrelated contexts.
"Meanwhile, back at the ranch" is the title of a children's book by Trinka Hakes Noble; a crime novel by Kinky Friedman; of the first album of the German country band Texas Lightning; and is the root of the name of the English band Meanwhile, back in Communist Russia... (1999-2004). It is also the name of a song by Badfinger from the album Wish You Were Here (1974).
"Meanwhile back at the ranch" was also the name that Alfred Hitchcock gave to a piece of storytelling advice he gave to filmmakers, whereby you structure the story as two parallel storylines, and cut from the first to the second just as the first reaches its peak. Contemporary filmmaker John Sturges quoted Hitchcock as saying, "the name of making movies is meanwhile back at the ranch. He's absolutely right. You want to have two things going. You reach the peak of one, you go to the other. You pick the other up just where you want it. When it loses interest, drop it. Meanwhile, back at the ranch."
References
English phrases |
3996246 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Koehler | Don Koehler | Donald A. Koehler (September 1, 1925 – February 26, 1981) is one of
24 known people in medical history to reach a height of or more. He was generally recognized as the tallest living man in the world from at least 1969 until his death in 1981. At one time, Koehler stood tall, a result of the medical condition gigantism.
He was born in Denton, Montana, United States. Koehler and his twin sister were born to parents of average height. Their mother was ; their father was . He started an abnormal period of growth when he was 10 years old. The Guinness Book of World Records confirmed Koehler at a standing height of tall at his peak. His twin sister was for a record difference of between the twins as recognized by Guinness.
As a youth, he lived with his family on the north side of Chicago, attending Amundsen High School.
Koehler's wore shoes that were size 22, but he once stated that his most bothersome clothing problem was finding socks that fit him. He was later able to find a hosiery company in Pennsylvania that began custom-making socks for him.
Employment
For 25 years Koehler worked as a salesman for the Big Joe Manufacturing Company, retiring three years before his death. He considered his size to be an advantage, for potential customers would often want to meet with him out of curiosity, and they always remembered him.
Later life and death
Later in life, he suffered from the medical condition kyphosis, resulting in (often severe) curvature of the spine.
Koehler died in 1981 in Chicago from a reported heart condition, by which time he was estimated to be about tall. He was 55 years old.
Per Koehler's wishes, his body was cremated, and his ashes scattered on a lake in Wisconsin where he liked to fish.
References
External links
The Tallest Man: Don Koehler
Famous People Height List
1925 births
1981 deaths
People with gigantism
People from Fergus County, Montana
People from Chicago |
3996247 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Brockhurst | Fort Brockhurst | Fort Brockhurst is one of the Palmerston Forts, in Gosport, England, and a Scheduled Ancient Monument. It is now an English Heritage property.
History
Construction, 1858–1862
Fort Brockhurst was designed by William Crossman in the 19th century to protect Portsmouth. Built between 1858 and 1862, it was one of a chain of five similar forts known as the Gosport Advanced Line. The other forts are Fort Elson to the north and Fort Grange, Fort Rowner and Fort Gomer to the south. With their formidable firepower, their main purpose was to guard the dockyards from potential attack from landing areas on the Hampshire coast. Construction took place amid fears of a French invasion at the time, which, in the event, never occurred.
Changes in artillery technology meant that the fort was obsolete before construction was even completed. Increases in range left the fort too close to the dockyard- meaning that a landing force that had arrived elsewhere on the coast would not need to pass the fort in order to bombard Portsmouth harbour. This was the reason for the construction of Fort Fareham at a greater distance from the harbour, which was completed six years later in 1868.
Commission, 1862–1957
The fort did remain in commission however until 1957, serving variously as accommodation, storage and training facilities. In August 1914, 9th (Heavy) Battery Royal Garrison Artillery was formed at the fort as part of the raising of Kitchener's Army. It suffered minor bomb damage during the Second World War, but never saw action under its intended purpose.
English Heritage site, 1957–present
Although modern life has encroached on the fort, its fabric remains largely unaltered and the parade ground, gun ramps and moated keep can all be viewed.
Constructional details of the casemates are able to be seen due to unrepaired Second World War bomb damage at the north-east corner.
It is currently used as a store for English Heritage's reserve collections. The fort is occasionally open to the public, while the grounds are freely accessible.
Layout of the fort
The polygonal shape of the fort was a revolutionary change from the prevailing orthodoxy of forts designed with angle bastions for defence. The new forts could be more easily adapted to the terrain and allowed a greatly increased number of heavy guns mounted on the ramparts to prioritise offence over defence. Each fort was located within gunshot of the next to allow overlapping fields of fire and mutual support.
The fort was surrounded by a moat and the entrance on the south-east side was approached by a drawbridge much like a medieval castle. This led to a circular keep, also moated, served as a place for local defence, being equipped with twenty light guns. The nineteen heavy guns of the main armament were mounted on the ramparts reached by two ramps on the enclosed parade ground in the middle of the fort. A lower tier of eight guns, four in casements, on each flank provided cross fire support with Elson and Rowner. Beyond the moat on the north side was a triangular redan accessed by a covered way to allow riflemen to cover attempts to bridge the moat. Similarly there were caponiers at the angles of the ramparts to allow riflemen to cover the moat.
Fort Rowner to the South-West is in a similar state of preservation, but the military base RAF Gosport- now known as , was built around it in 1914, and it is only opened to the public once a year under the banner of "Heritage Open Week".
References
Bibliography
External links
Fort Brockhurst page at English Heritage
Information for teachers: English Heritage
The Palmerston Forts Society
Victorian Forts datasheet
Fort Brockhurst
Palmerston Forts
Forts in Portsmouth
Forts in Hampshire
Fort Brockhurst
Fort Brockhurst
Fort Brockhurst
Fort Brockhurst |
3996260 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maskelyne | Maskelyne | Maskelyne is the surname of several people:
Nevil Maskelyne (1732–1811), the fifth British Astronomer Royal
Mervyn Herbert Nevil Story-Maskelyne (1823–1911), an English geologist and politician
Nevill Maskelyne Smyth, served in the First World War 1914–18.
The Maskelyne family of magicians:
John Nevil Maskelyne (1829–1917), a British stage magician of the 19th century
Nevil Maskelyne (magician) (1863–1924), son of John Nevil
Jasper Maskelyne (1902–1973), a British stage magician in the 1930s and 1940s, son of Nevil
Others
Maskelyne, a solitary lunar crater
Maskelynes Islands, in Vanuatu and the
Maskelynes language |
5389811 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/K.%20B.%20Sundarambal | K. B. Sundarambal | Kodumudi Balambal Sundarambal (1908–1980) was an Indian actress and singer from Erode district, Tamil Nadu. She performed in Tamil cinema and was referred to as the "Queen of the Indian stage." A political activist during the Indian independence movement, K.B. Sundarambal was the first film personality to enter a state legislature in India.
Early years
K.B. Sundarambal was born on 10 October 1908 in the town of Kodumudi on the banks of Kaveri river, in Erode district in Tamil Nadu. As a child, she made money by singing on trains and receiving tips.
Acting career
According to some sources, it was while singing thus on a train for alms that the 19-year-old Sundarambal attracted the attention of F. G. Natesa Iyer, an amateur stage actor, producer and talent-scout. According to other sources, it was a police official named Krishnaswamy Iyer, an acquaintance of Balambal, who discovered the talent in Sundarambal and introduced the 19-year-old girl to P. S. Velu Nair, one of the reigning dramatists of that era.
In either case, Sundarambal is believed to have made her debut in 1927, on the Tamil stage, as a member of a travelling theatre troupe. She honed her voice while performing small roles on stage and keeping audiences entertained between acts. Soon enough, she was playing leading roles on stage. Her early stage plays like "Valli Thirumanam," "Pavalakodi" and "Harishchandra" proved to be great hits. In particular, "Valli Thirumanam", where she co-starred with S.G. Kittappa, was a phenomenal success.
Personal life
While working together in the theatre, Sundarambal met S. G. Kittappa. They were married in 1927. The couple, together became popular. S. G. Kittappa died in 1933. Sundarambal left the stage after his death, to pursue a career as a concert artiste. K.B. Sundarambal died in September 1980.
Filmography
Sundarambal acted in films as well with notable appearances in Manimekhalai, Auvaiyar, Thiruvilayadal, Karaikal Ammaiyar and Kandan Karunai. She portrayed Tamil poet Avvaiyar in films Thiruvilayadal and Kandan Karunai. She also acted in social films such as Uyir Mel Aasai, Thunaivan and Gnayiru Thinggal. Gnayiru Thinggal was an unreleased film.
She sang in movies as well. She worked under music directors Mayavaram Venu, M. D. Parthasarathy, Parur S. Anantharaman, R. Sudharsanam, K. V. Mahadevan, S. M. Subbaiah Naidu, T. K. Ramamoorthy, M. S. Viswanathan and Kunnakudi Vaidyanathan.
Political activism
Sundarambal and her husband S.G. Kittappa had been much influenced by the Indian independence movement and they became ardent supporters of the Indian National Congress. They had harnessed their popularity and talents to further that cause. Sundarambal continued to champion the movement, recording several gramophone discs extolling the struggle and sacrifices it entailed. She also made it a point to always wear khadi. She often actively campaigned in support of Congress party candidates at various elections. After India gained independence, K.B. Sundarambal entered the Legislative Council of Madras State in 1951 as a Congress nominee, thus becoming the first film artist to enter an Indian legislature.
Her mentor C.Satyamurthy was prisoned by the British for participating in Quit India Movement in 1942.
Honours
In 1964, the Tamil Isai Sangam conferred upon her the title of "Tamil Isai Perarignar (Most Learned in Tamil Music)." In 1970, the government of India awarded her the Padmashri for her contributions to the arts. She was awarded with the National Film Award for Best Female Playback Singer by the Government of India, for her work in Thunaivan. She also won the Tamil Nadu State Film Award for Best Female Playback for Thunaivan in 1969. She was also the first person in the Indian film industry to command a salary of one lakh rupees. She became the first lady member of Tamil Nadu Legislative Assembly.
Further reading
Kodumudi Kokilam K.B. Sundarambal varalaru. Biography in Tamil by P. Chozhanadan. Published by Rishabham Pathippagam, K.K. Nagar, Chennai 600 078.
Footnotes and references
External links
Review of a biography on K.B.Sundarambal
Indian government website on Padmashri
Two awards in 1969
From the Hindu newspaper
1908 births
1980 deaths
Indian stage actresses
Indian women playback singers
Indian independence activists from Tamil Nadu
Tamil Nadu State Film Awards winners
Recipients of the Padma Shri in arts
People from Erode district
20th-century Indian actresses
20th-century Indian singers
Singers from Tamil Nadu
Actresses from Tamil Nadu
Actresses in Tamil cinema
Indian film actresses
20th-century Indian women politicians
20th-century Indian politicians
Women in Tamil Nadu politics
20th-century Indian women singers
Best Female Playback Singer National Film Award winners
Women musicians from Tamil Nadu |
3996268 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Calhoun | Joseph Calhoun | Joseph Calhoun (October 22, 1750April 14, 1817) was a Democratic-Republican member of the South Carolina House of Representatives (1804–1805) and represented South Carolina in the United States House of Representatives (1807–1811). Born in Staunton in the Colony of Virginia, he moved with his father to the Province of South Carolina in 1756 and settled in Granville District, on Little River, near the present town of Abbeville.
Received a limited education and engaged in agricultural pursuits. He served as a member of the South Carolina House of Representatives in 1804 and 1805 and was a colonel of the state militia. In 1807 he was elected as a Republican to the 10th United States Congress to fill the vacancy for the 6th congressional district caused by the death of Levi Casey and was sworn in on June 2, 1807. He was re-elected to the 11th Congress and served until March 3, 1811. He declined to be a candidate for re-election in 1810 and was succeeded by his first cousin John C. Calhoun. He was also a cousin of both John C. Calhoun's wife, Floride and father-in-law, John E. Colhoun.
Calhoun returned to his agricultural pursuits and engaged in milling. He died in Calhoun Mills, Abbeville District (now Mount Carmel, South Carolina), and was buried there in the family cemetery.
External links
1750 births
1817 deaths
Members of the United States House of Representatives from South Carolina
Politicians from Staunton, Virginia
American people of Scotch-Irish descent
Calhoun family
American planters
South Carolina Democratic-Republicans
Democratic-Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives |
5389821 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buckhaven | Buckhaven | Buckhaven is a town on the east coast of Fife, Scotland, on the Firth of Forth between East Wemyss and Methil. Buckhaven is on the Fife Coastal Path, and near to Wemyss Caves and Largo Bay.
History
The name Buckhaven is probably from the Scots terms buck or bukk "to gush out" and haven or "harbour".
Once a thriving weaving village and fishing port, in 1831 it was reported as having the second-largest fishing fleet in Scotland with a total of 198 boats. Fishing declined during the 19th century, but in the 1860s Buckhaven developed more into a mining town. Although coal waste blackened its beaches and silted up its now non-existent harbour, it later became a Fife coast holiday resort and recreation area for locals. Nowadays, it is classed as one of Fife's 'Regeneration areas' in need of regeneration both socially and economically.
The first element is probably related to the Sc verb buck, bukk, ‘to pour forth, gush out’ (DSL), perhaps describing the coastal waters at Buckhaven, which is situated at a point where the Fife coastline swings a little further out into the North Sea. A related element occurs also in Buckie Burn DFL q.v. The second element is certainly Sc haven ‘harbour’, and the ‘fishers of Buckhaven’ are mentioned in the earliest known record from 1527 (Fraser, Wemyss ii no. 187).
In 1778, the minister of Wemyss Parish, Rev. Dr Harry Spens, wrote of his own flock at Buckhaven, ‘... the original inhabitants of Buckhaven were from the Netherlands about the time of Philip II of Spain (died 1598). Their vessel had been stranded on the shore. They proposed to settle and remain. The family of Wemyss gave them permission. They accordingly settled at Buckhaven. By degrees they acquired our language and adopted our dress, and for these threescore years past have had the character of a sober and sensible, an industrious and honest people. The only singularity in their ancient customs that I remember to have heard of was that of a richly ornamented girdle or belt, wore by the brides of good condition and character at their marriage, and then laid aside and given in like manner to the next bride that should be deemed worthy of such an honour. The village consists at present of about 140 families, 60 of which are fishers, the rest land-labourers, weavers and other mechanics.’ (OSA 790–1).
There is no doubt that the people of Buckhaven were regarded as different in speech and manners from surrounding communities, and it is probably in this context that such stories grew up (Millar 1895 ii, 50). One Paul Buk, a Dane, is recommended by the Synod to the Presbytery of Kirkcaldy in 1652 (Stevenson 1900, 384); such local encounters might have confirmed folk in their belief that Buckhaven was foreign.
/bʌkˈhevən/, locally /bʌkˈhain/. This latter pronunciation has given rise to the name of a Buckhaven public house, the Buck and Hind.
According to online sources and authors, the fishing community of Buckhaven is said to have been largely the descendants of Norsemen who settled in the district in the 9th century. Centuries later, Buckhaven's fisherfolk bought an Episcopal Church in St Andrews in 1869 and transported it stone by stone to Buckhaven, using fishing boats. The church was restored in the 1980s and converted into a theatre. Many years before, St Andrews had been combined with the other local Church of Scotland churches into one parish. The building continued to be owned by Buckhaven Parish Church after the conversion.
Buckhaven Museum has displays on the history of the fishing industry.
Census
According to estimates in 2006, the population including Methil stood at around 16,240: however, the Levenmouth area including Kennoway, Leven, the Wemyss villages, Largo Bay and Windygates has a combined population of around 37,410. The population of Buckhaven, Methil, Leven is 24,474, according to the 2011 Census.
Notable people
James Ireland Craig FRSE, meteorologist
Robert Dunsire, recipient of the Victoria Cross
Frank O'Donnell, professional footballer
Hugh O'Donnell, also a professional footballer and brother of Frank O'Donnell
John Houston, artist
William Gear, artist
See also
List of places in Fife
References
External links
Gazetteer for Scotland entry for Buckhaven
Fife Council
Information website on Buckhaven
CLEAR Buckhaven - Actions and local issues of local environmental-civic voluntary association
Towns in Fife
Levenmouth
Fishing communities in Scotland
Port cities and towns in Scotland
Mining communities in Fife |
3996306 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Edge%20%28mathematician%29 | William Edge (mathematician) | William Leonard Edge FRSE (8 November 1904 – 27 September 1997) was a British mathematician most known for his work in finite geometry. Students knew him as WLE.
Life
Born in Stockport to schoolteacher parents (his father William Henry Edge being a headmaster), Edge attended Stockport Grammar School before winning a place at Trinity College, Cambridge in 1923 with an entrance scholarship, later graduating MA DSc. In 1928 Trinity College made him a Research Fellow and he was also an Allen Scholar.
William Edge was a geometry student of H. F. Baker at Cambridge. Edge's dissertation extended Luigi Cremona’s 1868 delineation of the quadric ruled surfaces in projective 3-space RP3. Edge made a "systematic classification of the quintic and sextic ruled surfaces of three-dimensional projective space."
In 1932 E. T. Whittaker invited Edge to lecture at University of Edinburgh. An anachronism, Edge never drove a motor car and disdained the mass-media of radio and television; he was distressed by the decline of school geometry. In 1949 he became Reader, and professor in 1969.
In the 1950s Edge began to explore vector spaces over Galois fields as an entry to finite geometry. Points and lines of finite projective geometry arise as lines and planes in these spaces, and the projectivities of these spaces provide representation of some finite groups. For example, in 1954 he described the space S over GF(3): 40 points, 13 in each plane and 4 on each line. In S he described a 16-point quadric with two reguli of four lines each.
He also extended work of Moore, Jordan and Dickson on the alternating group A8 as represented by the projective special linear group PSL(4,2). The next year he parametrized the lines of the space S over GF(3) in analogy to the Klein quadric description of lines in RP3.
Edge's student James Hirschfeld has advanced the science of finite geometry also.
In 1934 he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh. His proposers were Sir Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Herbert Westren Turnbull, Edward Thomas Copson and David Gibb. He won the Society's Keith Prize for 1943–45.
Edge retired in 1975. A lifelong bachelor and devout Roman Catholic, Edge spent his final years in the care of the Sisters of Nazareth House in Bonnyrigg, just south of Edinburgh, and died there on 27 September 1997.
Since 2013, every year the School of Mathematics of the University of Edinburgh celebrates the EDGE Days, an annual one-week workshop in algebraic geometry named after Edge.
References
1904 births
1997 deaths
20th-century British mathematicians
Geometers
Alumni of Trinity College, Cambridge
Academics of the University of Edinburgh
People from Stockport
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh |
5389829 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thessaloniki%20Forum | Thessaloniki Forum | The Thessaloniki Forum (Greek: Φόρουμ Θεσσαλονίκης) was an indoor sports arena that was located near the center of the city of Thessaloniki, in Greece. The venue was used to host basketball games, handball games, ice hockey games, and athletics competitions.
History
The Thessaloniki Forum's attendance record was 42,000 people, which was set in 1929. The Forum was at one time used as the home venue of the Greek basketball clubs PAOK Thessaloniki, Aris Thessaloniki, Iraklis Thessaloniki, and HANTH. The ice hockey club Penguins Salonica, also used the venue to host games.
In 1972, The Forum was used by 10 different sports clubs. It was used by four basketball clubs, two athletics clubs, two ice hockey clubs, and two handball clubs that year.
Basketball venues in Greece
Defunct basketball venues in Greece
Defunct indoor arenas in Greece
Defunct sports venues in Greece
Handball venues in Greece
Indoor ice hockey venues in Greece |
3996314 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar%20carpal%20ligament | Palmar carpal ligament | The palmar carpal ligament (also volar carpal ligament or Guyon's Tunnel) is the thickened portion of antebrachial fascia on the anterior of the wrist. It is officially unnamed.
The palmar carpal ligament is a different structure than the flexor retinaculum of the hand, but the two are frequently confused. The palmar carpal ligament lies superficial and proximal to the flexor retinaculum. The ulnar nerve and the ulnar artery run through the ulnar canal, which is deep to the palmar carpal ligament and superficial to the flexor retinaculum.
The palmar carpal ligament is continuous with the extensor retinaculum of the hand, which is located on the posterior side of the wrist.
References
See also
Flexor retinaculum of the hand
Extensor retinaculum of the hand
Antebrachial fascia
Ligaments
Hand |
3996315 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MS%2013 | MS 13 | MS 13 may refer to:
Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13), a criminal street gang in North and Central America
Mississippi Highway 13, a state highway in Mississippi, United States
Minuscule 13, a Greek minuscule manuscript of the New Testament
Soyuz MS-13, a Soyuz spaceflight launched on 20 July 2019 to the International Space Station |
5389832 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skippy%20%28X%29 | Skippy (X) | Skippy is a window management tool for X11 similar to Mac OS X's Exposé feature. It is a fullscreen task switcher that allows a user to quickly see open windows by two different sets of criteria, or to hide all windows and show the desktop without the need to click through many windows to find a specific target. Skippy-XD is a branch that provides 'live' (and updating) snapshots of the windows.
Usage
Skippy (and Skippy-XD) usually needs to be compiled and installed from source, although binaries exist for some platforms (e.g., Ubuntu). After it is launched, the default hotkey for activating it is F11. The user can next choose a window with either the keyboard (by using the up, down, left and right keys) or the mouse and activate it by pressing the left mouse button or the return or spacebar key.
There are also two or three modifiers you can use with the hotkey: hold Control and Skippy (not used in Skippy-XD) will update the snapshots of all the windows. Hold Mod1 (aka the alt key) and skippy will only show the windows of the currently focused window's window group (like, all of gimp's windows, or all of kopete's windows), and if Skippy or Skippy-XD is compiled with Xinerama support and you have several heads, hold shift while pressing the hotkey to make it show the windows on all heads.
Clones
Projects with similar features are Komposé (an Exposé clone for KDE3) and Compiz, the latter containing built-in Exposé-style functionality which can be activated by pressing F12.
See also
Dashboard (Mac OS)
Taskbar
Konfabulator
Zooming User Interface
External links
Skippy Home Page (Currently down, as of Feb 2013.)
Skippy on KDE-Look.org
- A slightly modified version of Skippy-XD
Skippy-XD PPA for Ubuntu - Repository providing Ubuntu binaries of Skippy-XD
Linux windowing system-related software |
5389850 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liu%20Sung-pan | Liu Sung-pan | Liu Sung-pan (; 3 December 1931 — 18 November 2016) was a Taiwanese politician. He served as the President of the Legislative Yuan from 1992 to 1999. He was the Legislative Yuan's first Taiwan-born speaker and presided over a legislature entirely elected by residents of the Taiwan Area (after the retirement of the elderly mainland representatives in December 1991).
Career
Liu founded a committee seeking Taiwan–United States relations in 1987. The group counted members of the US Congress and Legislative Yuan among its number. He was elected to the speakership of the Legislative Yuan in January 1992. Upon his confirmation, Liu became the first native Taiwanese to lead the legislative. He was also the first to head a parliament entirely elected by residents of the Taiwan Area, as the elderly mainland representatives retired en masse at the end of 1991.
In 1998, during his tenure as legislative speaker, Liu used his status as the former chairman of Taichung Business Bank to broker a NT$1.5 billion loan to the Kuangsan Group, and in return he received a bribe of NT$150 million. During the subsequent investigation, Liu's house was raided.
He left the Kuomintang in 1999, after having served two full elected terms as President of the Yuan. Liu then allied himself with James Soong's independent 2000 presidential campaign. After Soong's loss, Liu was named the leader of the New Taiwanese Service Team, an exploratory committee that preceded the formation of the People First Party. After the end of Liu's speakership, he continued to lead Taiwan in negotiations with China and advocated for the nation to obtain membership in the World Health Organization. Liu also backed the democratization of Myanmar and promoted United States–Taiwan relations.
Trial and temporary disappearance
The Taichung District Court convicted Liu for his role in the Kuangsan Group scandal in July 2003, sentencing him to five years imprisonment and NT$30 million fine. His final appeal was heard by the Taiwan High Court in September 2004. The THC handed Liu a four-year prison sentence and a NT$30 million fine. After the High Court's verdict was announced, Liu resigned his legislative seat. At the time, Liu was at the Republican National Convention in the United States. While there, he suffered a heart attack and was not medically cleared to fly to Taiwan. Though Liu had relinquished his PFP membership a day after his resignation from the Legislative Yuan, the party offered to help him find medical treatment if he would serve his sentence in Taiwan. Liu never acknowledged the proposal, and was subsequently listed as a fugitive in February 2007. In the early 2010s, Liu was reported to have fled to China. Later, he returned to the United States, and died in Los Angeles on 18 November 2016, aged 84.
References
1931 births
2016 deaths
Kuomintang Members of the Legislative Yuan in Taiwan
Members of the 1st Legislative Yuan in Taiwan
Members of the 2nd Legislative Yuan
Members of the 3rd Legislative Yuan
Members of the 4th Legislative Yuan
Members of the 5th Legislative Yuan
Party List Members of the Legislative Yuan
People First Party Members of the Legislative Yuan
Taichung Members of the Legislative Yuan
Taiwanese expatriates in China
Taiwanese expatriates in the United States
Taiwanese politicians convicted of corruption
Taiwanese Presidents of the Legislative Yuan
Changhua County Members of the Legislative Yuan
Nantou County Members of the Legislative Yuan |
3996322 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varman%20dynasty | Varman dynasty | The Varman dynasty (350-650) was the first historical dynasty of the Kamarupa kingdom. It was established by Pushyavarman, a contemporary of Samudragupta. The earlier Varmans were subordinates of the Gupta Empire, but as the power of the Guptas waned, Mahendravarman (470-494) performed two horse sacrifices and the status of Kamarupa as independent state remained umimpaired. According to the Allahabad Prasasti, the ruler of Kamarupa was a frontier ruler (Pratyanta-nrpatis) of the great Gupta emperor.
As per the Apsad Inscription of Adityasen, Susthivarman was defeated by Mahasengupta on the bank of Lauhitya.
The first of the three Kamarupa dynasties, the Varmans were followed by the Mlechchha and then the Pala dynasties.
Capital
The capital was moved at least once, the last time by Sthitavarman (566-590) with the older city not named but presumed to be Pragjyotishpura, located at the south-eastern slope of the Narakasur hill near Dispur. The new capital was possibly some location in Guwahati.Though the claim is not supported by any archaeological findings.
Origins
Kamarupa is first mentioned on Samudragupta's Allahabad rock pillar as a frontier kingdom, began as a subordinate but sovereign ally of the Gupta empire around present-day Guwahati in the 4th century:
The first king in this dynasty was Pushyavarman, possibly a contemporary of Samudragupta (c. 335/350-375 CE). The kingdom which he established with much effort, grew in the periphery of the Gupta Empire, adopted the north Indian political model, and its kings took on names and titles of the Gupta kings and queens. Nothing much is known directly about the initial kings till the sixth king, Mahendravarman, who established a rock temple and assumed the title of Maharajadhiraja (king-of-kings) in the last quarter of the fifth century. The dynastic line from Pushyavarman first appear in the 7th century, in Dubi and Nidhanpur copperplate inscriptions issued by Bhaskaravarman and in the Harshacharita and not earlier in any inscription from his ancestors. In these inscriptions Bhaskaravarman claims that he was a descendant of Narakasur, Bhagadatta and Vajradatta. Modern scholars consider this claim to be a fabrication— suggests that this genealogy was created in the context of Bharkarvarman's alliance with Harshavardhana, to help legitimise his sovereignty. The use of Naraka/Bhagadatta lineage to establish sovereignty continued under the Mlechchha and the Pala dynasties, a practice which is in keeping with the trend in the post-Gupta period in India.
Foreign records are conflicting, with Xuanzang claiming him to be a Brahmana and She-Kia-Fang-Che claiming him to be a kshatriya whose ancestors came from China. Though some modern scholars have opined that the Varman dynasty is probably of Indo-Aryan descent, it is now believed that the Varmans were originally non-Indo-Aryans. Suniti Kumar Chatterjee calls Bhaskaravarman a Hinduised Mlechcha king of Indo-Mongoloid origin. Hugh B. Urban also infers that the Varmans descended from non-Aryan tribes.
Politics and diplomacy
The Varman's modelled themselves after the Gupta's and named themselves after the Gupta kings and queens.
Cultural environment
The Buddhist scholar Xuanzang described his impressions of the people of the country: The manners of the people simple and honest. The men are of small stature, and their complexion a dark yellow. Their language differs a little from that of Mid-India. Their nature is very impetuous and wild; their memories are retentive, and they are earnest in study. They adore and sacrifice to the Dêvas, and have no faith in Buddha; hence from the time when Buddha appeared in the world even down to the present time there never as yet has been built one sanghårama as a place for the priests to assemble. Such disciples as there are of a pure faith, say their prayers (repeat the name of Buddha) secretly, and that is all. There are as many as 100 Dêva temples, and different sectaries to the number of several myriads... The king is fond of learning, and the people are so likewise in imitation of him. Men of high talent from distant regions aspiring after office visit his dominions as strangers. Though he has no faith in Buddha, yet he much respects Śramaṇas of learning."
The dynasty
The dynastic line, as given in the Dubi and Nidhanpur copperplate inscriptions:
References
Bibliography
People from Kamarupa
Kamarupa (former kingdom) |
3996332 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plunge%20pool | Plunge pool | A plunge pool (or plunge basin or waterfall lake) is a deep depression in a stream bed at the base of a waterfall or shut-in. It is created by the erosional forces of cascading water on the rocks at formation's base where the water impacts. The term may refer to the water occupying the depression, or the depression itself.
Formation
Plunge pools are formed by the natural force of falling water, such as at a waterfall or cascade; they also result from man-made structures such as some spillway designs. Plunge pools are often very deep, generally related to the height of fall, the volume of water, the resistance of the rock below the pool and other factors. The impacting and swirling water, sometimes carrying rocks within it, abrades the riverbed into a basin, which often features rough and irregular sides. Plunge pools can remain long after the waterfall has ceased flow or the stream has been diverted. Several examples of former plunge pools exist at Dry Falls in the Channeled Scablands of eastern Washington. They can also be found underwater in areas that were formerly above sea level, for example Perth Canyon off the coast of Western Australia.
Plunge pools are fluvial features of erosion which occur in the youthful stage of river development, characterized by steeper gradients and faster water flows. Where softer or fractured rock has been eroded back to a knickpoint, water continues to bombard its base. Because this rock is often less resistant than overlying strata, the water from the higher elevation continues eroding downward until an equilibrium is achieved.
A somewhat similar bowl-shaped feature developed by flowing water, as opposed to falling water, is known as a scour hole. These occur both naturally and as a result of bridge building.
See also
References
External links
USGS: Stream Modeling website
Bodies of water
Erosion landforms
Fluvial landforms
Garden features
Geomorphology
Hydrology
Natural pools
Swimming pools
Water streams |
3996353 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sajax | Sajax | Sajax (Simple Ajax Toolkit), is an open-source tool designed to help websites using the Ajax framework (also known as XMLHttpRequest). It allows the programmer to call ASP, ColdFusion, Io, Lua, PHP, Perl, Python, or Ruby functions from their webpages via JavaScript without performing a browser refresh.
Sajax supports IE5+, Pocket IE, Opera 8+ (including mobile), Opera mini 4+, Safari 1.2+, Mozilla 0.94+ and Konqueror.
References
External links
Ajax (programming) |
3996387 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paud | Paud | Paud is a small village in the heart of the Mulshi valley in Pune district, the fourth most populous district in India. It is located in the state of Maharashtra. The main sources of income are the two international schools on the nearby hills: Riverdale International School, and Mahindra United World College of India. Within the village itself, there are a few mechanics, sweet shops, 3 banks, and restaurant (Sagar Inn) with permit room. There is also a bus stop cum jeep stand with access to Pune. The region is an eco-tourism hotspot, and outside of town there are many guest houses and gardens. This also has caught eyes of Realtors, trying to develop the area into an out-state nature living spot. The biggest development here is Skyi Star Town, a complete satellite township being developed in the area. The move has bought a new source of revenue for the locals, who comprise as the main source of workforce for construction, as well as logistics.
Sagar Inn blossomed with the founding of the Mahindra United World College of India. Students frequently visit the restaurant. There is also a picturesque historic Church in the valley which belonged to The Church of Scotland during the British era. Now it is under the jurisdiction of the Church of North India.
There are some other villages near Paud such as Asade, Bhadas, Shileshwar, Jamgaon, Shere, Akole, Mulshi and many others, that make up Taluka Mulshi, of which Paud is the taluka seat. This area is largely dependent on agriculture and manual labour.
See also
Arun Paudwal
Anuradha Paudwal
Kavita Paudwal
References
Villages in Pune district |
3996389 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ministry%20of%20the%20State%20%28Denmark%29 | Ministry of the State (Denmark) | Ministry of the State of Denmark (The Prime Minister's Office) (, , ) is a Kingdom government ministry. Atypical of a Danish ministry it does not have any councils, boards or committees associated with it and its near sole responsibility is to act as the secretariat of the Prime Minister of Denmark. There is a small department under the ministry that takes care of special legal issues not covered under other ministries, among others Greenland's and Faroe Islands relation to the Danish monarchy, the mass media's contact to the State, number of ministers in the government, or Queen Margrethe II legal status as a civilian.
The Ministry of the State of Denmark was founded January 1, 1914, though its origin can be found in a small secretariat created in 1848, the Council of State ("Statsrådet") to assist the new Council President ("konseilspræsident"), the name used for the Prime Minister of Denmark from 1855 to 1918.
Government ministries of Denmark
Government ministerial offices of Denmark
Ministries established in 1914 |
3996392 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Progressive%20retinal%20atrophy | Progressive retinal atrophy | Progressive retinal atrophy (PRA) is a group of genetic diseases seen in certain breeds of dogs and, more rarely, cats. Similar to retinitis pigmentosa in humans, it is characterized by the bilateral degeneration of the retina, causing progressive vision loss culminating in blindness. The condition in nearly all breeds is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait, with the exception of the Siberian Husky (inherited as an X chromosome linked trait) and the Bullmastiff (inherited as an autosomal dominant trait). There is no treatment.
Types of PRA
In general, PRAs are characterised by initial loss of rod photoreceptor cell function followed by that of the cones and for this reason night blindness is the first significant clinical sign for most dogs affected with PRA. As other retinal disorders, PRA can be divided into either dysplastic disease, where the cells develop abnormally, and degenerative, where the cells develop normally but then degenerate during the dog's lifetime.
Generalized PRA is the most common type and causes atrophy of all the neural retinal structures. Central progressive retinal atrophy (CPRA) is a different disease from PRA involving the retinal pigment epithelium (RPE), and is also known as retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy (RPED).
Generalized PRA
Commonly affected breeds:
Akita - Symptoms at one to three years old and blindness at three to five years old. Selective breeding has greatly reduced the incidence of this disease in this breed.
Miniature longhaired Dachshund - Symptoms at six months old.
Papillon - Slowly progressive with blindness at seven to eight years old.
Tibetan Spaniel - Symptoms at three to five years old.
Tibetan Terrier - PRA3/RCD4 disease of middle age dogs. http://www.ttca-online.org/html/Petersen-Jones_PRA_article.pdf
Samoyed - Symptoms by three to five years old.
Rod-cone dysplasia
This type of PRA has an early onset of severe vision loss. It is caused by a defect in the gene for cGMP-phosphodiesterase, which leads to retinal levels of cyclic guanosine monophosphate ten times normal.
Rod-cone dysplasia type 1
Irish Setter - Rod cell response is nearly absent. Night blindness by six to eight weeks old, often blind by one year old.
Sloughi - A DNA test can identify whether Sloughis have the mutated recessive gene. This has enabled breeders to breed away from PRA, and the disease is now rare in the breed.
Rod-cone dysplasia type 2
Collie - Rod cell response is nearly absent. Night blindness by six weeks old, blind by one to two years old.
Rod-cone dysplasia type 3
Cardigan Welsh Corgi
Rod dysplasia
Norwegian Elkhound - Characterized by dysplasia of the rod cell unit and subsequent degeneration of the cone cell unit. Rod cell response is nearly absent. Night blindness by six months old, blind by three to five years old. Rod dysplasia has now been bred out of this breed.
Early retinal degeneration
Norwegian Elkhound - Night blindness by six weeks old, blind by twelve to eighteen months old.
Photoreceptor dysplasia
This is caused by an abnormal development of both rod and cone cells. Dogs are initially night blind and then progress to day blindness.
Miniature Schnauzer - Slowly progressive, not seen until two to five years old.
Belgian Shepherd Dog - Complete blindness by eight weeks old.
Cone degeneration
Alaskan Malamute - Temporary loss of vision in daylight (hemeralopia) at eight to ten weeks old. There is a purely rod cell retina by four years old.
Cone-rod dystrophy
Glen of Imaal Terrier - CRD3 results in gradual blindness with onset around 4 years of age (often detectable as retinal thinning as early as 3 years of age). Caused by a mutation in gene ADAM9, the disease is analogous to CRD9 in humans. A genetic test is now available from Optigen, LLC, that will identify whether a dog is affected, a carrier (heterozygous), or clear.
Progressive rod-cone degeneration (PRCD)
This is a disease with normal rod and cone cell development but late onset degeneration of the rod cells that progresses to the cone cells. It is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and has been linked to the ninth canine chromosome.
Poodle - Night blindness by three to five years old, blind by five to seven years old.
English Cocker Spaniel - Occurs late in life, usually at four to eight years old.
American Cocker Spaniel - Night blindness by three to five years old, blind one to two years later.
Labrador Retriever - Night blindness by four to six years old, blind at six to eight years old.
Portuguese Water Dog
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Australian Cattle Dog
American Eskimo Dog
Nova Scotia Duck Tolling Retriever
X-linked PRA
This condition is linked to the X chromosome.
Siberian Husky - Night blindness by two to four years old.
Samoyed - More severe disease than the Husky.
Dominant PRA
Bullmastiff - Inherited as an autosomal dominant trait due to a mutation in the gene for rhodopsin.
Feline PRA
Abyssinian - Two forms exist. One is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and has an early age onset. The other is inherited as an autosomal recessive trait and has a middle age onset.
Early onset PRA has also been reported in the domestic shorthaired cat and Persian. The Siamese also likely has a hereditary form of PRA. Despite belief among breeders to the contrary, there is apparently no link between coat color in Persians and the development of PRA.
Central progressive retinal atrophy (CPRA)
CPRA is also known as retinal pigment epithelial dystrophy (RPED). The cause of this condition is the loss of the retinal pigment epithelium's ability to effectively process the photoreceptor outer segment (POS) and subsequent accumulation of POS material in the RPE and loss of function. The loss of function of the RPE leads to photoreceptor degeneration. Vitamin E deficiency may play a role in the development of CPRA. It is characterized by accumulation of pigment spots in the retina surrounded by retinal atrophy and a mottled appearance of the pigmented nontapetal fundus. The pigmented spots eventually coalesce and fade as the atrophy of the retina increases. It is an inherited condition (in the Labrador Retriever it is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait with variable penetrance). CPRA occurs in older dogs. Peripheral vision is retained for a long time. Vision is better in low light and better for moving or distant objects. Not all affected dogs go blind. Secondary cataracts are common.
Commonly affected breeds
Labrador Retriever
Golden Retriever
Border Collie
Collie
Shetland Sheepdog
English Cocker Spaniel
English Springer Spaniel
Chesapeake Bay Retriever
Cavalier King Charles Spaniel
Briard - has an especially high frequency.
It can also be found in the poodle varieties
Hereditary retinal dysplasia
There is another retinal disease in Briards known as hereditary retinal dysplasia. These dogs are night blind from birth, and day vision varies. Puppies affected often have nystagmus. It is also known as lipid retinopathy.
Diagnosis
Progressive vision loss in any dog in the absence of canine glaucoma or cataracts can be an indication of PRA. It usually starts with decreased vision at night, or nyctalopia. Other symptoms include dilated pupils and decreased pupillary light reflex. Fundoscopy to examine the retina will show shrinking of the blood vessels, decreased pigmentation of the nontapetal fundus, increased reflection from the tapetum due to thinning of the retina, and later in the disease a darkened, atrophied optic disc. Secondary cataract formation in the posterior portion of the lens can occur late in the disease. In these cases diagnosis of PRA may require electroretinography (ERG). For many breeds there are specific genetic tests of blood or buccal mucosa for PRA.
Absent a genetic test, animals of breeds susceptible to PRA can be cleared of the disease only by the passage of time—that is, by living past the age at which PRA symptoms are typically apparent in their breed. Breeds in which the PRA gene is recessive may still be carriers of the gene and pass it on to their offspring, however, even if they lack symptoms, and it is also possible for onset of the disease to be later than expected, making this an imperfect test at best.
Management
There is no treatment for PRA. However, most dogs that suffer from this disease adjust remarkably well. To maximize the quality of the dog's life, follow these guidelines:
Do not rearrange furniture, as the dog has memorized the layout of the environment
Use a short leash when walking a dog with blindness from advanced PRA
Erect safety barriers around pools or balconies
See also
Sudden acquired retinal degeneration
References
External links
Article on PRA
Article on Cataracts
Dog diseases
Disorders of choroid and retina |
5389857 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Braide | Chris Braide | Christopher Braide (born 1973) is an English songwriter, record producer and singer, formerly based in Malibu, Los Angeles, California, United States. Braide is known for being a pianist.
First signed as a solo artist by David A. Stewart in the UK and Craig Kallman at Atlantic Records in the US, Braide relocated to Los Angeles to produce and write for artists including Sia, Lana Del Rey, Britney Spears, Nicki Minaj, Christina Aguilera, Selena Gomez, David Guetta, Halsey, Wrabel, Marc Almond, Beth Ditto, Yuna and Beyoncé.
Braide is a frequent collaborator of Sia; together they have written for her own projects, movie soundtracks and for several other artists. Notable songs they have written over the years include "Kill and Run" for The Great Gatsby film and soundtrack, "Helium" for the 2017 Fifty Shades Darker film and soundtrack, "Pretty Isn't Perfect" and "Unstoppable" for the Rio 2016 Olympic Games, "God Made You Beautiful" for the Beyoncé film Life Is But a Dream, "Perfume" for Britney Spears, "Blank Page" for Christina Aguilera, and "She Wolf (Falling to Pieces)" for David Guetta featuring Sia. Most recently, their song "Helium" was remixed for MAC cosmetics a collaboration for the cosmetic company's AIDS Fund by David Guetta and Afrojack, and a new single, "Flames", was released by David Guetta.
He has a duo group with Geoff Downes (Yes, Buggles, Asia and others), called Downes Braide Association (DBA), since 2012.
Braide has won an Ivor Novello award and been nominated for a Grammy. He is published by BMG Rights Management worldwide and Magical Thinking BMI.
Select songwriting and production discography
Recording artist
In 1993, Braide recorded his first solo album Chapter One - Chris Braide for Polydor Records. The album was produced by Thomas Dolby and Simply Red's Mick Hucknall. In 2014, the album was remastered and released in the UK on Plane Groovy Records
In 1996, Dave Stewart signed Braide to his Warner Bros.-backed label Anxious Records, who released a single co-written with Chris Difford, "If I Hadn't Got You", and second single "Heavenly Rain", followed a year later by the album, Life in a Minor Key, which was co-produced by Braide and David A. Stewart at Electric Lady Studios in New York. The record was released in the US on Atlantic Records and in 2013 a vinyl version was released on Plane Groovy Records.
In 2012, Braide teamed up with Geoff Downes under the name "DBA" ("Downes Braide Association"). The result was an album, Pictures of You, released in Summer 2012 on Plane Groovy Records. Since then, they have released three more studio recordings (Suburban Ghosts in 2015, Skyscraper Souls in 2017 and Halcyon Hymns in 2021), and a live album (Live in England in 2019).
Filmography
Braide wrote, performed or produced songs on the following film soundtracks:
The Princess Diaries (2002)
Without a Paddle (2004)
St Trinian's (2007)
The Inbetweeners Movie (2011)
The Great Gatsby (2013)
Youth (2015)
Leap (2016)
Miss Peregrine's Home for Peculiar Children (2016)
Fifty Shades Darker (2017)
Wonder Woman (2017)
Gnome Alone (2017)
Charming (2018)
Vox Lux (2018)
Duck Duck Goose (2018)
Trouble (2019)
Advertising campaigns
He wrote, performed or produced songs in the following advertising campaigns:
Bud Light – Aluminium Super Bowl – 10 ft Tall ft Wrabel (2014)
Gillette – Unstoppable/Pretty Isn't Perfect/ Rio Olympic Games (2016)
Pocky Sticks – Rescue – Yuna (2016)
Estee Lauder ft Kendall Jenner and Elle King / Wild Love (2017)
Estee Lauder – See the world with wide-open eyes – It's You ft Magical Thinker and Wrabel (2017)
MAC – Helium / Guetta Re-mix (2018)
Lancome Paris/ Zendaya ft Sia "Unstoppable" (2019)
References
External links
Official website
Downes Braide Association (DBA)
Interview, MuuMuse 2010
1973 births
Living people
English male singer-songwriters
English record producers
Musicians from Cheshire
21st-century English singers
21st-century British male singers
The Trevor Horn Band members |
5389861 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Spencer | Kevin Spencer | Kevin Spencer may refer to:
Kevin Spencer (TV series), a cartoon television series developed by Greg Lawrence
Kevin Spencer (musician) (born 1978), Canadian singer-songwriter
Kevin Spencer (U.S. musician), American musician and lead singer of the group Dynasty
Kevin Spencer (American football) (born 1953), American football coach for the Arizona Cardinals
Kevin Spencer (cyclist), Australian cyclist |
3996404 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Lightning%20Strike | The Lightning Strike | "The Lightning Strike" is a song from alternative rock band Snow Patrol's fifth album A Hundred Million Suns, and appears as the last track on the album. The lyrics to the song were written by lead singer Gary Lightbody and the music was composed by Snow Patrol. The song is composed of three smaller songs and, at sixteen minutes and eighteen seconds, is the longest the band has released yet.
The song has an elaborate live performance where a specially made animation is played simultaneously as the band performs the song. Most of the video features origami, which is the main artwork for the album and its singles. The song received a mixed reaction when the album was released, and though the band were praised for playing it live, the general feeling was that it wasn't a right choice, with one critic calling it "self-indulgent" but forgivable.
Conception and composition
In an interview with The Daily Telegraph, lyricist Gary Lightbody revealed the song was conceived after he was caught in a heavy storm one night in Glasgow: "I was pretty terrified – 150-mile-an-hour winds, trees falling down. But we went outside the house, and it was also just thrilling. There was this howling wind, but it felt like silence, as if our senses were being too bombarded to cope with what was going on. So the record was born out of that feeling, of two people having a protective shell around each other. I'm not saying there's not darkness in there still, but it's happening from outward factors more than inward. Maybe things are terrifying, but they're beautiful, too. The world is extremely surprising".
In August 2008, Lightbody joked about the song in a press release on the band's website, which revealed the track-listing for the then unreleased album: "The last song is sixteen-minutes long and by far the longest we've ever done. Don't be frightened though, it's great. Although, for now, you'll have to take my word for that and I'm pretty biased I have to say". At the time of the release of the album, SP.com posted a section featuring Gary Lightbody discussing the new songs, which was initially a Lightbody interview to RTÉ. The interview revealed that the song was initially three different songs. However, the band felt that they "worked so well together it was obvious they belonged in one place". m
Recording and production
The three songs are "What If This Storm Ends?", "The Sunlight Through the Flags", and "Daybreak". "What If This Storm Ends?" was recorded at Olympic Studios in London and features brass choir. The second part, "The Sunlight Through the Flags", is set on the west coast of Ireland and was recorded at Grouse Lodge, Co. Westmeath, Ireland. According to the wishes of producer Jacknife Lee, the third and last part, "Daybreak", was recorded at Hansa Tonstudios in Berlin, where David Bowie recorded "Heroes" in the '70s and U2 recorded Achtung Baby in the '90s. Lightbody commented that "Daybreak" "was really affected by Hansa" and "has that Krautrock hypnotic sway to it, and "Heroes"-type guitars swooning over the top", and it made a fitting end to the album.
The band specifically chose to keep the song the last track on the album. In an interview, Lightbody said "We felt like it hopefully leaves you wondering "what's next?", making you want more".
In an interview to Glide Magazine, Nathan Connolly spoke of the band's desire to not sound like their earlier work, but still maintain their "melody and honesty". The song grew out of the band trying to progress musically. Connolly also felt that the song requires repeated listening to grow on a person, like acquired taste.
Release history
The song initially appeared on the album versions of A Hundred Million Suns. On various online music stores including the iTunes Store, the song is labeled "album-only", making it inaccessible for individual purchase.
A live MP3, recorded during the UK & Ireland Arena Tour of February–March 2009 was gifted to fans as a free download on every ticket purchase for the Reworked Tour of November–December 2009. Each ticket came with a special code that enabled the download.
In light of its usage in the Epic trailer, on 25 February 2013, "The Lightning Strike (What If This Storm Ends?)" was released as a stand-alone single. Furthermore, on 9 March 2013, the band announced on social media websites such as Facebook that they had released the accompanying channel. The stand-alone "What If This Storm Ends" is to be released on the 2013 Snow Patrol compilation, entitled Greatest Hits.
Track listing
"What If This Storm Ends?" – 5:10
"The Sunlight Through the Flags" – 4:17
"Daybreak" – 6:51
2013 "What If This Storm Ends?" download single
"What If This Storm Ends?" – 4:10
2013 "What If This Storm Ends?" US Promo CD-single
"What If This Storm Ends?" – 4:10
"What If This Storm Ends? (Edit)" – 3:34
Music video
Live-performance version
"The Lightning Strike" has an elaborate live performance, with the band playing the song in the backdrop of a projection screen, on which a specially made video is played simultaneously; , at the Pinkpop Festival at Megaland, Landgraaf, the Netherlands, is available via the band's VEVO YouTube channel.
The idea for the video was conceived by Gary Lightbody. Snow Patrol's tour video director Blue Leach collaborated with production company Atticus Finch to create the video, which represents Lightbody's idea to represent the world as origami. Finch brought Undabo Studios into the project to "help develop an origami style of modeling and texturing" that appears on the album artwork for A Hundred Million Suns.
The video's theme uses a colorful visual language; the birth and development of a star, a spiralling galaxy, and its millions of pieces, which flow smoothly into each other; the formation of space, birds, animated rockets, satellites, fishes, havens, oceans, boats, cities, landscapes, rainbows, cars, and planets and many other visual impressions. The "CGI origami" gig features the band members themselves performing as origami figures. The video was made using Autodesk Softimage and took about three months to make. It consists of 24,000 frames of animation and is played of a 60×40 ft. projection screen in live performances for the first 6 minutes, which then moves to LED screens suspended behind the band.
Director Blue Leach later won the "TPi Award" in 2009 for his work with Snow Patrol, amongst others.
Full animated version
The full sixteen-minute animated video for "The Lightning Strike", which was previously unavailable saw its official release as a part of Up to Now, the band's third compilation album. The video can be found on the bonus DVDs of the Digipak and box-set releases of the album.
"What If This Storm Ends?" animated version
A for the "What If This Storm Ends?" was uploaded by the band onto YouTube. Like videos for live performances, the video features an elaborate animation involving origami.
Reception
The song received a generally mixed reception at the time of album release. Spin called it "dramatic". Rolling Stone was quite positive about the song, saying "the band distinguishes itself from the post-Coldplay pack with a flair for arrangements that almost justifies the grandiosity of 16-minute epics like "The Lightning Strike"".
PopMatters' response was very positive. Reviewer Ross Langager called the song "a 16-minute, three-movement celestial metaphor of operatic grandeur and overwhelming beauty". He further praised the song, saying: "Linked together by alike synthesizer bedrocks of gradually increasing warmth and brightness, the song-cycle progresses from silver-lined dark clouds to hints of dawn before finally settling on a lovely, sun-drenched morning. But even when faced by such an inexorable process of hopefulness, Lightbody has to temper the surge of light: "Slowly the day breaks/Apart in our hands"".
The Independent'''s Andy Gill, however, had mixed feelings about the song. He said that the song was an attempt to "broaden the band's style". He called it ambitious and felt that "its incorporation of minimalist techniques, glockenspiel, brass colouration and shoegazey guitar textures" made the song "lengthy". He made comparisons with Coldplay, calling the band "self-absorbed" but said Snow Patrol were "more bearable".
On the other hand, Pitchfork Media's Joshua Love reviewed the song negatively, writing that it seemed as if the band was "striving to be taken more seriously", by "stringing together three ponderous, already-overlong songs and calling the impenetrable result a 16-minute stand-alone epic "The Lightning Strike"". He further wrote that the band's wasn't talented enough to do justice to "these newer, more artful ambitions".
Live-performance reception
Critical reception of the live performance has been generally mixed as well, though the band has been praised for playing it. Contactmusic.com reviewed a Snow Patrol concert at the M.E.N. Arena on 7 March 2009. Though it called the song "ambitious by anyone's standards" and praised the animation calling it "impressive", it felt the song wasn't the best choice for an encore. WalesOnline's Paul Rowland wrote a review of the gig at Cardiff International Arena the next day. He praised the song, calling it a "three-movement epic". He reported that, though the song was a welcome change in the encore, some fans did not appreciate it and headed home: "After all, they'd already heard "Run", and the traffic's awful this time of night". The same happened at a free gig at iTunes Festival 2009 at The Roundhouse in London. In The News, Chris Jefferies reported that the band had to play the song to a "half-empty crowd", but had praise for the band saying "there is much, much more to this band".
Durham21's Ian Church covered the next gig on 10 March at the Metro Radio Arena. He reported that for the encore, a large semi-transparent sheet was dropped in front of the stage, to project the animation. He said that it was "surprising" the band chose to play the "practically unknown" song, but reported that "it somehow managed to capture those watching" but a few fans were left complaining about the song choice. Journal Live also covered the concert, with Helen Dalby writing that it was "interesting" and "different" for the band to play the song, but she wasn't "entirely sure it quite worked". She felt the song might have worked if it was played earlier in the set.Evening Standard's Amira Hashish covered the last concert at The O2 and wrote a positive review about the performance of the song, though she felt to song(s) was "lesser known"; but, she felt the band brought them to life and, though it was "a little self-indulgent", the band could be forgiven.
James Cabooter of Daily Star, who covered the show at Bloomsbury Theatre wrote that the newer material (including "The Lightning Strike") was deeper and more mature sonically.
Chart performance
"What If This Storm Ends?" reached the top 400 on iTunes shortly following its release.
Live performances
The Taking Back the Cities Tour has generally featured "What If This Storm Ends?" as an encore. The full song has usually not been played, but it has been known to make appearances; it finally made its live debut during the UK & Ireland Arena Tour, where it was played regularly. It also made appearances during the following European leg, though it was not played on all dates.
The song was not played during the shows with the band supporting Coldplay on the Viva la Vida Tour and U2 on the U2 360° Tour.
Personnel
Snow Patrol
Gary Lightbody – vocals, guitar, backing vocals
Nathan Connolly – guitar, backing vocals
Paul Wilson – bass guitar, backing vocals
Jonny Quinn – drums
Tom Simpson – keyboards
Other personnel
Jacknife Lee – producer, mixing
Cenzo Townshend – mixing
John Davis – mastering
Avshalom Caspi – brass arrangement
Mo Hausler – brass, choir recorder
Phil Rose – brass, choir recorder
Exmoor Singers of London – choir
James Jarvis – choir director
Evgeny Chubykin – horns
Jocelyn Lightfoot – horns
Kira Doherty – horns
Philip Eastop – horns
Richard Bayliss – horns
Timothy Brown – horns
Colin Sheen – trombone
Dan Jenkins – trombone
David Stewart – bass trombone
Ian Fasham – bass trombone
Guy Barker – trumpet
John Barclay – trumpet
Mark Law – trumpet
Pat White – trumpet
James Anderson – tuba
Stephen Wick – tuba
Undabo Studios
Doug Kennedy – director, key creative, animation, composition
Simon Brown – key creative, animation, modeling
Chris Whittle – modeling
Ed Olive – additional modeling
Nick Hales – additional modeling, character animation
Chris Millsy – character animation
Darren Cullis – additional character rigging
Hearl Hutchinson – additional character animation
Atticus Finch
Chris Richmond – creative director
Jim Waters – producer
Splinter Films
Blue Leach – director
Emer Patten – producer
In popular culture
The full song was used in "Don't Cry for Me, Albuquerque", an episode of In Plain Sight, in 2009, while the first part of the song, "What If This Storm Ends?", appeared in a 2011 trailer for the war movie Act of Valor, starring real-life Navy SEALs, and in the trailers to the 2013 animated film Epic. It was also used in season 8 of One Tree Hill''.
References
2008 songs
Snow Patrol songs
Song recordings produced by Jacknife Lee
Songs written by Gary Lightbody
Songs written by Paul Wilson (musician)
Songs written by Nathan Connolly
Songs written by Jonny Quinn
Songs written by Tom Simpson (musician) |
3996407 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Defense | The Defense | The Defense is the third novel written by Vladimir Nabokov after he had emigrated to Berlin. It was published in 1930.
Publication
The novel appeared first under Nabokov's pen name V. Sirin in the Russian emigre quarterly Sovremennye zapiski and was thereafter published by the emigre publishing house Slovo as "Защита Лужина" (The Luzhin Defense) in Berlin. More than three decades later the novel was translated into English by Michael Scammell in collaboration with Nabokov and appeared in 1964. In the foreword to the English edition Nabokov states that he wrote The Defense in 1929 while he vacationed in Le Boulou ("hunting butterflies") and then finished it in Berlin. He links the events in the central chapters to moves as encountered in chess problems.
Plot summary
The plot concerns the title character, Aleksandr Ivanovich Luzhin. As a boy, he is considered unattractive, withdrawn, and an object of ridicule by his classmates. One day, when a guest comes to his father's party, he is asked whether he knows how to play chess. This encounter serves as his motivation to pick up chess. He skips school and visits his aunt's house to learn the basics. He quickly becomes a great player, enrolling in local competitions and rising in rank as a chess player. His talent is prodigious and he attains the level of a Grandmaster in less than ten years. For many years, he remains one of the top chess players in the world, but fails to become a world champion.
During one of the tournaments, at a resort, he meets a young girl, never named in the novel, whose interest he captures. They become romantically involved, and Luzhin eventually proposes to her.
Things turn for the worse when he is pitted against Turati, a grandmaster from Italy, in a competition to determine who would face the current world champion. Before and during the game, Luzhin has a mental breakdown, which climaxes when his carefully planned defense against Turati fails in the first moves, and the resulting game fails to produce a winner. When the game is suspended Luzhin wanders into the city in a state of complete detachment from reality.
He is returned home and brought to a rest home, where he eventually recovers. His doctor convinces Luzhin's fiancée that chess was the reason for his downfall, and all reminders of chess are removed from his environment.
Slowly however, chess begins to find its way back into his thoughts (aided by incidental occurrences, such as an old pocket chessboard found in a coat pocket, or an impractical chess game in a movie). Luzhin begins to see his life as a chess game, seeing repetitions of 'moves' that return his obsession with the game. He desperately tries to find the move that will defend him from losing his chess life-game, but feels the scenario growing closer and closer.
Eventually, after an encounter with his old chess mentor, Valentinov, Luzhin realizes that he must "abandon the game," as he puts it to his wife (who is desperately trying to communicate with him). He locks himself in the bathroom (his wife and several dinner guests banging on the door). He climbs out of a window, and it is implied he falls to his death, but the ending is deliberately vague. The last line of the (translated) novel reads: "The door was burst in. 'Aleksandr Ivanovich, Aleksandr Ivanovich,' roared several voices. But there was no Aleksandr Ivanovich."
Major characters
Aleksandr Ivanovich Luzhin: The protagonist of the novel. As a child, he is misunderstood by his parents and mistreated by his peers, and is generally sullen in complexion and demeanor. He has no friends. As an adult, he is corpulent, socially inept, and absent-minded. He has a nervous breakdown during his match with the Italian grandmaster Turati.
Luzhin's wife: She marries Luzhin after much protest from her mother and father. She is initially drawn to the air of mystery that surrounds the chess master and feels compassion for his social ineptitude. She takes on a motherly role in her marriage with Luzhin, and makes it her occupation to amuse him and keep his mind off of his unhealthy obsession with chess. She remains nameless in the novel.
Ivan Luzhin: Aleksandr Luzhin's father. A writer of novels intended for young boys. As he puts off beginning a novel based on his young son's prodigiousness in chess and the viperous character of Valentinov, he dies.
Valentinov: A confident man with a competent understanding of chess (he creates problems but does not play) who manages Luzhin's career through childhood. He uses the young Luzhin for his own gain and without much regard for Luzhin's personal development. Valentinov returns Luzhin to his father once he is no longer marketable as a child prodigy.
Turati: The suave Italian grandmaster of chess. Luzhin has a nervous breakdown midway through the game with Turati.
Comments
The character of Luzhin is based on Curt von Bardeleben, a chess master Nabokov knew personally. Bardeleben ended his life by jumping out of a window. Nabokov said of this novel: "Of all my Russian books, The Defense contains and diffuses the greatest 'warmth' – which may seem odd seeing how supremely abstract chess is supposed to be." He later described this novel as the "story of a chess player who was crushed by his genius".
The book was also influenced by the Soviet film Chess Fever (1925).
Movie adaptation
The book was adapted to film in 2000, as The Luzhin Defence. It was directed by Marleen Gorris, and starred John Turturro as Luzhin.
References
External links
Daaim Shabazz, "In Search of Luzhin's Defence", The Chess Drum
1964 American novels
1930 Russian novels
Novels by Vladimir Nabokov
Chess in Russia
1930 in chess
Russian novels adapted into films
Novels about chess
American novels adapted into films
Works published under a pseudonym
Novels first published in serial form |
5389875 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Down%20Two%20Then%20Left | Down Two Then Left | Down Two Then Left is the eighth album by singer Boz Scaggs, released in 1977. The album peaked at No. 11 on the Billboard 200.
Track listing
All tracks composed by Boz Scaggs; except where indicated.
Side One
"Still Falling for You" – 3:52
"Hard Times" – 4:26
"A Clue" – 3:53
"Whatcha Gonna Tell Your Man" (Scaggs, Jai Winding) – 3:50
"We're Waiting" (Michael Omartian, Scaggs) – 6:19
Side Two
"Hollywood" (Omartian, Scaggs) – 3:08
"Then She Walked Away" (Omartian, Scaggs) – 4:04
"Gimme the Goods" (Omartian, Scaggs) – 4:11
"1993" (Omartian, Scaggs) – 4:01
"Tomorrow Never Came/Tomorrow Never Came (Reprise)" – 4:38
Singles released from the album were "Hard Times"/"We're Waiting" and "Hollywood"/"A Clue". Some copies of the "Hard Times" single bear a credit for this album under the title Still Falling for You.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Personnel
Boz Scaggs – lead vocals, backing vocals (1, 5), guitar solo (2, 4)
Ray Parker Jr. – guitar
Steve Lukather – guitar solo (3, 8)
Jay Graydon – guitar, guitar solo (7)
Michael Omartian – keyboards, synthesizers, accordion (1), marimba (1), horn arrangements, string arrangements, conductor
Jai Winding – acoustic piano (4)
David Hungate – bass (1)
Scott Edwards – bass (2-10)
Jeff Porcaro – drums, Syndrum, timbales (8)
Bobbye Hall – bongos (1), congas (8)
Victor Feldman – claves (2), vibraphone (6)
Alan Estes – congas (4)
Don Menza – saxophone
Fred Selden – saxophone, flute
Ernie Watts – saxophone
Dana Hughes – trombone
Chuck Findley – trumpet, flugelhorn solo (5)
Steve Madaio – trumpet
Barbara Korn – French horn
David Duke – French horn
Sidney Sharp – concertmaster
Carolyn Willis – backing vocals (1, 5-7), voices (verses, 4)
Jim Gilstrap – backing vocals (2)
John Lehman – backing vocals (2, 3)
Zedric Turnbough – backing vocals (2)
Venetta Fields – backing vocals (3)
Roy Galloway – backing vocals (3)
Phyllis Saint James – backing vocals (3, 7)
Terry Evans – backing vocals (4)
Bobby King – backing vocals (4)
Eldridge King – backing vocals (4)
Julia Tillman Waters – backing vocals (6)
Myrna Matthews – backing vocals (6, 7)
Stan Farber – backing vocals (9)
Jim Haas – backing vocals (9)
Production
Producer – Joe Wissert
Engineer – Tom Perry
Mastered by Mike Reese at The Mastering Lab (Los Angeles, California).
Design – Nancy Donald
Photography – Guy Bourdin (features the then-shuttered Romanoff's restaurant)
Management – Irving Azoff
References
External links
Down Two Then Left lyrics
Down Two Then Left magazine ad
Boz Scaggs albums
1977 albums
Albums produced by Joe Wissert
Columbia Records albums |
3996419 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20California%20Television | University of California Television | University of California Television (known simply as UCTV) is a 24-hour television channel presenting educational and enrichment programming from the campuses, national laboratories, and affiliated institutions of the University of California system. UCTV's non-commercial programming delivers science, health and medicine, public affairs, humanities, and the arts to a general audience, as well as specialized programming for health care professionals and teachers. Programming includes documentaries, lectures, debates, interviews, performances and more.
UCTV is an Educational-access television cable TV channel. See "Where to watch" below. UCTV can also be seen worldwide via live webstream, video-on-demand archives (Flash files), and offers both audio and video podcasts for downloading. UCTV programs are also available on YouTube, Apple podcast, Roku and Amazon Fire. UCTV was available nationwide on Dish Network (channel 9412) (service terminated by Dish as of March 1, 2012).
UCTV launched in January 2000 on the Dish Network and is based on the UC San Diego campus where UCSD-TV is also located. UCTV collects programming from each of the ten University of California campuses (UC Berkeley, UC Davis, UC Irvine, UC Los Angeles, UC Merced, UC Riverside, UC San Diego, UC San Francisco, UC Santa Barbara, UC Santa Cruz) and affiliated institutions (Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Los Alamos National Laboratory, UC Agriculture & Natural Resources, UC Office of the President, UC Sacramento Center, UC Washington DC Center).
Thematic programming
UCTV airs 25 hours of original programming per week on a rotating 24-hour schedule of three-hour thematic blocks in the areas of science, health and medicine, public affairs, humanities, and arts and music
UCTV offers a one-hour program block for health care professionals called The Med Ed Hour (Tuesday through Thursday at noon Pacific), featuring medical programs for physicians, nurses and other health care professionals.
UCTV series
UCTV series include:
Brain Channel: Explore the world of neuroscience and the secrets of the brain.
Career Channel: Information and tools to help college graduates with their careers.
Computer Science Channel: All that is new in the world of computer science from UC San Diego Computer Science and Engineering.
Library Channel: Interviews, author talks, mini-documentaries and other programs that will inspire you to Read, Write, Think and Dream.
Public Policy Channel: Policy makers, policy critics, and innovative policy thinkers.
STEAM Channel: The value of adding Arts to STEM Education.
Sustainable California: Real-world solutions for all Californians.
Wellbeing Channel: Integrative and whole-systems healthcare.
Burke Lectureship on Religion and Society : Scholars and theologians explore religion in modern society.
CARTA - Center for Academic Research and Training in Anthropogeny: Exploring and explaining the origins of the human phenomenon.
Conversations with History: Interviews and discussion of political, economic, military, legal, cultural, and social issues from UC Berkeley's Institute of International Studies.
Ethics, Religion and Public Life: Walter H. Capps Center Series: Presentations on ethics, religion and public life.
Exploring Ethics: Experts discuss ethical implications of new science and technology.
Field Trip at the Lab: Science on Saturday: Science lectures for middle and high school students.
GRIT Talks: Innovative research at UCSB.
Health Matters: Current and valuable information to improve your health.
Helen Edison Lecture Series: Lectures that advance humanitarian purposes and objectives.
Herman P. and Sophia Taubman Endowed Symposia in Jewish Studies: Prominent figures share their work related to the Jewish experience.
Innovator Stories: Creating Something from Nothing: Candid conversations with distinguished industry leaders.
Perspectives on Ocean Science Lecture Series: Engaging marine science lectures from Birch Aquarium at Scripps.
Kavli Institute for Brain and Mind: Bridging disciplinary boundaries to further our understanding of the origins, evolution and mechanisms of human cognition.
La Jolla Symphony & Chorus: Presenting ground-breaking, traditional and contemporary music.
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory: Cutting-edge research explained in everyday language.
Mini Medical School for the Public: Learn about health and the health sciences directly from the experts.
Osher UC San Diego Distinguished Lecture Series: Prestigious guest speakers on newsworthy topics.
Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies: Searching for solutions to challenging health policy problems.
Qualcomm Thinkabit Lab Presents: Hands-on lessons in engineering, careers, and more.
Saturday Science at The Scripps Research Institute: Cutting-edge research occurring at The Scripps Research Institute.
Science at the Theater: Explore cutting-edge science with leading scientists.
Script to Screen: Screenwriting and how the screenplay is translated into film.
Soundscape: Musical performances from UCSB.
UC Berkeley Graduate Lectures: Distinguished visitors to Berkeley speak on a wide range of topics.
UC Davis Graduate School of Management's Dean's Distinguished Speaker Series: Business leaders share their wisdom, insights and experience.
UC San Diego Jazz Camp: Annual program for intermediate to advanced level musicians.
UCLA Faculty Research Lectures: Special lectures given by distinguished UCLA scholars.
UCSF Center for Obesity Assessment, Study and Treatment: A look at the factors that contribute to obesity.
UCSF Transplant Update: Treatment of transplant patients for health care professionals.
Voices: UCSB faculty and guests talk about issues and their impact.
Writer's Symposium By The Sea: Conversations with best-selling authors.
See also
UCSD-TV
External links
UCTV
Message about Dish dropping UCTV and other viewing options
UCSD-TV Creators Had Big Dreams For Small Screen
UCTV Launching Science-Heavy YouTube Channel
UC's Ivory Tower Beaming Out a New Television Signal
UC San Diego Department and UCTV Launch ‘The Computer Science Channel’
‘The Brain Channel’ Program on UCTV Features Hearing Researchers
Neanderthal genome research featured in UCTV report
UCTV Documentary Features UCSF in "A Dose of Hope" for Parkinson's Patients
'Science on Saturday' gains a following on UCTV
Honoring Sally on UCTV
Jiyo, The Chopra Center for Wellbeing, and the University of California San Diego School of Medicine Launch New UC Wellbeing Channel on UCTV
University of California
Internet television channels |
3996432 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPRA | CPRA | CPRA may refer to:
Central progressive retinal atrophy, a type of progressive retinal atrophy (an eye problem)
California Privacy Rights Act (a privacy and data protection law)
California Public Records Act (a freedom-of-information law) |
3996438 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor%20retinaculum%20of%20the%20hand | Flexor retinaculum of the hand | The flexor retinaculum (transverse carpal ligament, or anterior annular ligament) is a fibrous band on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It arches over the carpal bones of the hands, covering them and forming the carpal tunnel.
Structure
The flexor retinaculum is a strong, fibrous band that covers the carpal bones on the palmar side of the hand near the wrist. It attaches to the bones near the radius and ulna. On the ulnar side, the flexor retinaculum attaches to the pisiform bone and the hook of the hamate bone. On the radial side, it attaches to the tubercle of the scaphoid bone, and to the medial part of the palmar surface and the ridge of the trapezium bone.
The flexor retinaculum is continuous with the palmar carpal ligament, and deeper with the palmar aponeurosis. The ulnar artery and ulnar nerve, and the cutaneous branches of the median and ulnar nerves, pass on top of the flexor retinaculum. On the radial side of the retinaculum is the tendon of the flexor carpi radialis, which lies in the groove on the greater multangular between the attachments of the ligament to the bone.
The tendons of the palmaris longus and flexor carpi ulnaris are partly attached to the surface of the retinaculum; below, the short muscles of the thumb and little finger originate from the flexor retinaculum.
Function
The flexor retinaculum is the roof of the carpal tunnel, through which the median nerve and tendons of muscles which flex the hand pass.
Clinical significance
In carpal tunnel syndrome, one of the tendons or tissues in the carpal tunnel is inflamed, swollen, or fibrotic and puts pressure on the other structures in the tunnel, including the median nerve. Carpal tunnel syndrome is the most commonly reported nerve entrapment syndrome. It is often associated with repetitive motions of the wrist and fingers. It is because of this that pianists, meat cutters, and people with jobs involving extensive typing are at particularly high risk. The tough flexor retinaculum along with the rest of the carpal tunnel cannot expand, putting pressure on the median nerve running through the carpal tunnel with the flexor tendons of the wrist. This results in the symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome.
Symptoms of carpal tunnel syndrome include tingling sensations and muscle weakness in the palm and lateral side of the hand and palm. It is possible that the syndrome may extend and radiate up the nerve causing pain to the arm and shoulder.
Carpal tunnel syndrome may be treated surgically. This is usually done after all non-surgical methods of treatment have been exhausted. Non-surgical treatment methods include anti-inflammatory drugs. The wrist may be immobilized in order to prevent further use and inflammation. When surgery is needed, the flexor retinaculum is either completely severed or lengthened. Surgery to divide the flexor retinaculum is the most common procedure. The scar tissue will eventually fill the gap left by surgery. The intent is that this will lengthen the flexor retinaculum enough to accommodate inflamed or damaged tendons and reduce the effects of compression on the median nerve. In a 2004 double blind-study, researchers concluded that there was no perceivable benefit gained from lengthening the flexor retinaculum during surgery and so division of the ligament remains the preferred method of surgery.
See also
Peroneal retinacula
Extensor retinaculum of the hand
References
External links
Musculoskeletal system
Hand
Ligaments |
3996439 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/105P/Singer%20Brewster | 105P/Singer Brewster | 105P/Singer Brewster is a periodic comet in the Solar System. It was discovered in 1986, and received the name of 1986d under the old naming system.
Because 105P/Singer Brewster only comes within 2 AU of the Sun, during the 2012 perihelion passage it is only expected to brighten to about apparent magnitude 17.
The comet nucleus is estimated to be 2.2 kilometers in diameter.
The orbit of Comet Singer Brewster was altered significantly in August 1976 when it passed within 0.376 AU of Jupiter and will be altered again in August 2059.
The single discoverer bears a hyphenated surname (Singer-Brewster), but co-discovered comets bear the names of the co-discoverers linked by hyphens, e.g. Shoemaker-Levy 9, Swift-Tuttle, etc. In these cases, the IAU either removes one of the parts of the name or replaces the hyphen by a space.
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
105P/Singer Brewster – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
Elements and Ephemeris for 105P/Singer Brewster – Minor Planet Center
Periodic comets
0105
Comets in 2018
19860503 |
3996450 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Retinal%20degeneration | Retinal degeneration | Retinal degeneration may refer to:
Retinopathy, one of several eye diseases or eye disorders in humans
Retinal degeneration (rhodopsin mutation)
Progressive retinal atrophy, an eye disease in dogs
See also
List of systemic diseases with ocular manifestations, in humans |
5389881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motiur%20Rahman%20Nizami | Motiur Rahman Nizami | Motiur Rahman Nizami (; 31 March 1943 – 11 May 2016) was a politician, former Minister of Bangladesh, Islamic scholar, writer, and the former leader of the Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami. Al-Badr Bangladesh Liberation War. On 29 October 2014, he was convicted of masterminding the Demra massacre by the International Crimes Tribunal of Bangladesh. Nizami was the Member of Parliament for the Pabna-1 constituency from 1991 to 1996 and again from 2001 to 2006. He also served as the Bangladeshi Minister of Agriculture and Minister of Industry.
While various political entities and international organizations had originally welcomed the trials, in November 2011 Human Rights Watch criticized the government for aspects of their progress, lack of transparency, and reported harassment of defense lawyers and witnesses representing the accused. Nizami was the last high-profile suspect to be tried for war crimes of the 1971 Bangladesh Genocide; the court delayed his verdict in June 2014 because of the state of his health.
In 2004, Nizami was convicted under separate charges for arms trafficking to the state of Assam, India and was sentenced to death, along with 13 other men in January 2014.
On 29 October 2014, he was convicted and sentenced to death for his role in masterminding the Demra massacre, in which 800–900 unarmed Hindu civilians were killed after the women were raped. He was executed by hanging at Dhaka Central Jail on 11 May 2016. He is the third minister of Bangladesh to be hanged. He was frequently listed on The 500 Most Influential Muslims.
Early life and education
Nizami was born on 31 March 1943 in the village of Monmothpur of Santhia Upazila at Pabna. His father was Lutfur Rahman Khan. He completed his secondary education at a madrasa. In 1963, he received his Kamil degree in Islamic jurisprudence from Madrasa-e-Alia in Dhaka. He earned his bachelor's from the University of Dhaka in 1967.
Political career
Nizami rose in the ranks of the East Pakistan branch of Jamaat-e-Islami Pakistan in the 1960s, having led the student organization, Islamic Chhatro Shango (now Islami Chhatro Shibir). After the independence of Bangladesh, Sheikh Mujibur Rahman, the first president, banned Jamaat from political participation as it had opposed the liberation war, and many of its members collaborated with the Pakistan Army during the conflict. Nizami and some other top leaders left the country.
After the assassination by military officers of Sheikh Mujibur Rahman in August 1975, Ziaur Rahman became president in a coup in 1977. He permitted top Jamaat leaders, such as Ghulam Azam and Nizami, to return to Bangladesh in 1978; they revived the Jamaat party, which became the largest Islamist party in the country. Nizami emerged as a key leader of the Jamaat, organising the Islami Chhatra Shibir (Jammat Students Organisation), which serves as the youth wing of the Jamaat.
In 1991, he was elected as a Member of Parliament, representing Jamaat-e-Islami for the constituency of Pabna-1; he was Jamaat's Parliamentary Party leader until 1994. During the 1996 elections, he lost to the candidates of both the Bangladesh Nationalist Party (BNP), an ally of Jamaat, and the Awami League in his constituency. Professor Abu Sayed of the Awami League gained his seat.
In 1971, Nizami was a chief of the infamous Al-Badr militia. Along with the Pakistan Army, this militia abducted and massacred 989 Bengali intellectuals including professors, journalists, litterateurs, doctors and pro-Bangladesh activists in general.
Leader of Jamaat-e-Islami
Nizami took over as the leader of Jamaat from Ghulam Azam in 2001. In the same year, representing his party as part of a four-party alliance including BNP, Nizami won a seat in Parliament in Pabna-1, receiving 57.68% of the votes. From 2001 to 2003, he served as the Minister of Agriculture, then as the Minister of Industry from 2003 to 2006.
Nizami was defeated in the December 2008 general election as a candidate of the Four-Party Alliance, losing his seat for Pabna-1 to Md. Shamsul Haque of the Awami League. Nizami received 45.6% of the votes. The Awami League took two-thirds of the seats in Parliament.
Controversies
Allegations of corruption
In May 2008, the Anti-corruption Commission of Bangladesh indicted Nizami in the GATCO Corruption case, in which he along with several other politicians were alleged to have illegally granted a container-depot contract to the local firm GATCO. A warrant was issued to arrest Nizami along with 12 others on 15 May 2008.
Nizami was charged with conspiring with 12 other politicians to award the contract to GATCO although the company did not meet the conditions of the tender. The prosecution alleged that the deal with GATCO caused a total loss of more than 100 million Bangladeshi Taka to the Government. Nizami denied the charges and said they were politically motivated. He was released after two months on bail.
Blasphemy charges
In a public speech on 17 March 2010, the Dhaka Jamaat chief, Rafiqul Islam, compared Nizami's life to that of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, persisting in the face of persecution. On 21 March, the Bangladesh Tariqat Federation sued Rafiqul, Nizami and other Jamaat members "for hurting Islamic sentiments of the masses by comparing Nizami with the Prophet".
Nizami, along with three other senior Jamaat leaders, was arrested on charges on 29 March 2010. He secured bail the next day and appealed for dismissal of the case on 14 February 2011. The High Court adjourned the case for four months in March 2011.
Smuggling charges
On 4 May 2011, Nizami was arrested on allegations of smuggling arms to Assamese insurgents in India in 2004. His bail petition on 7 September 2011 was denied.
On 30 January 2014, Nizami and 13 co-conspirators were sentenced to death by hanging after being found guilty of smuggling arms.
International Crimes Tribunal
In 2009, the Awami League-led Bangladesh government established a tribunal in Bangladesh to investigate those suspected of committing atrocities during Bangladesh Liberation War in 1971. Nizami and eight other leaders of Jamaat-e-Islami were charged with war crimes by the prosecution, as were two leaders of the Bangladesh National Party. Opposition parties and human rights groups alleged political interference in the trial, given that all the accused were leading opposition politicians. Nizami was the last high-profile suspect to be tried for 1971 war crimes; the court delayed his verdict in June 2014 because of the state of his health. On 29 October 2014, it was announced that Nizami had been sentenced to death for war crimes committed during the 1971 independence war against Pakistan.
Death
On 11 May 2016, Nizami was hanged at Dhaka Central Jail, just days after the nation's highest court dismissed his final appeal to overturn the death sentence for atrocities committed during the country's 1971 war. He was hanged just before midnight (1800 GMT) after he refused to seek mercy from the President of Bangladesh. He was executed between 11:50 pm and 12:01 am midnight. He was buried at his family’s home in northern Bangladesh.
Reaction
:Pakistan's foreign office said in statement that "Pakistan is deeply saddened over the hanging of the emir of Jamaat-i-Islami Bangladesh, Mr Motiur Rahman Nizami, for the alleged crimes committed before December 1971.
:Turkey condemned execution of Motiur Rahman Nizami and withdrew Turkish Ambassador from Bangladesh.
See also
Abul A'la Maududi
References
External links
"Martyred Intellectuals: Murdered History: Raising Hopes Only to be Betrayed", New Age, 15 December 2005
AsiaMedia report, University of California Los Angeles
1943 births
2016 deaths
Bangladesh Liberation War
Bangladesh Jamaat-e-Islami politicians
Bangladeshi people convicted of war crimes
Executed Bangladeshi people
21st-century executions by Bangladesh
People from Pabna District
People executed by Bangladesh by hanging
People executed for war crimes
8th Jatiya Sangsad members
Industries ministers of Bangladesh
Agriculture ministers of Bangladesh
5th Jatiya Sangsad members
University of Dhaka alumni
Executed politicians
Government Madrasah-e-Alia alumni
Executed mass murderers |
3996454 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilfrid%20Ward | Wilfrid Ward | Wilfrid Philip Ward (2 January 1856 – 1916) was an English essayist and biographer. Ward and his friend Baron Friedrich von Hügel have been described as "the two leading lay English Catholic thinkers of their generation".
Life
Wilfrid Ward was born in 1856 at Old Hall, Ware, Hertfordshire, one of nine children of Catholic converts William George Ward and his wife Frances Wingfield Ward.
He first went to Downside College, then St. Edmund's College in Ware, Hertfordshire. He obtained a B.A. degree from London University and later attended Catholic University College, Kensington. In 1877, Ward went to the English College, Rome to prepare for the priesthood and returned a year later to continue his studies at Ushaw College, in Durham, England. In 1881, shortly before his planned ordination, Ward reconsidered, and joined the Inner Temple to take up a career in law. Subsequently discouraged, he then became a writer. Ward’s particular interests were apologetics and theology.
In 1885 Ward became a lecturer on philosophy at Ushaw. In 1887 he married Josephine Mary Hope-Scott; the couple lived on the Isle of Wight. Josephine Ward became a novelist. They had five children. The eldest, Mary Josephine "Maisie" married Frank Sheed and together founded the publishing house Sheed and Ward.
Biographer
In 1889, Ward published a biography of his father, William George Ward and the Oxford Movement. This proving successful, he then wrote William George Ward and the Catholic Revival,. Cardinal Herbert Vaughan then invited Ward to write a biography of the late Cardinal Nicholas Wiseman. This was followed in 1912 by a two volume biography of John Henry Newman.
In 1890 Ward was appointed examiner in Mental and Moral Philosophy to the Royal University of Ireland. He lectured at Lowell Institute, Boston in 1914.
Editor
From 1906 to 1915, Ward edited the Dublin Review. During his tenure, the journal published articles by G. K. Chesterton, Hilaire Belloc, Francis Thompson and other well-known writers. Ward believed very strongly that Catholics should be involved in the affairs of the nation.
He also contributed to publications such as the Edinburgh Review, Quarterly Review, Contemporary Review. Wilfrid Ward died in 1916.
Works
William George Ward and the Oxford Movement, Macmillan & Co., 1893 [1st Pub. 1889].
William George Ward and the Catholic Revival, Macmillan & Co., 1893 [second edition 1912.
Witnesses to the Unseen, and Other Essays Macmillan & Co., 1893.
The Life and Times of Nicholas Wiseman, Longmans, Green & Co., 1897.
Problems and Persons, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1903
Aubrey de Vere: A Memoir, Longmans, Green & Co., 1904.
Ten Personal Studies, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1908.
Life of John Henry, Cardinal Newman, Based on his Private Journals and Correspondence, Longmans, Green, and Co., 1912.
The Oxford Movement, T.C. & E.C. Jack, 1912.
Men and Matters, Longmans, Green & Co., 1914.
Last Lectures of Wilfrid Ward, Longmans, Green & Co., 1918
References
This article incorporates text from a publication now in the public domain: Gilman, D. C.; Thurston, H. T.; Moore, F., eds. (1905). "Ward, Wilfrid Philip". New International Encyclopedia (1st ed.). New York: Dodd, Mead.
Further reading
Maisie Ward (1934), The Wilfrid Wards and the Transition, London: Sheed & Ward.
Maisie Ward (1937), Insurrection versus Resurrection, London: Sheed & Ward.
Wilfrid Sheed (1985), Frank and Maisie: A Memoir with Parents, New York: Simon & Schuster.
1856 births
1916 deaths
English biographers
19th-century English educators
English essayists
English Roman Catholics
English Roman Catholic writers
People from Ware, Hertfordshire
20th-century English educators |
5389884 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middle%20Man%20%28album%29 | Middle Man (album) | Middle Man is an album by Boz Scaggs that was released by Columbia Records in 1980. Scaggs hired members of the band Toto as session musicians and shared songwriting credits with them, returning to the commercial, soul-influenced rock of Silk Degrees (1976).
The album reached No. 8 in the Billboard 200 album chart, and two singles reached the Billboard Hot 100: "Breakdown Dead Ahead" at No. 15 and "Jojo" at No. 17.
Reception
Writing for Smash Hits in 1980, David Hepworth described Middle Man as an "impeccably tasteful collection of sophisticated white soul" that was "useful as background music in the more sedate kind of nite spot". Acknowledging that the album was "well done", Hepworth noted that Scaggs' previous albums were "thrilling as well as perfectly formed". Hepworth went on to say that the album sounded as though "they designed the sleeve first and then made the record to go in it". Interestingly, two cuts from the album, "Jojo" and "Breakdown Dead Ahead", landed higher on the Canadian charts than on another international or US charts, indicating that Canadian audiences had embraced Scaggs' harder rock edge, diverging from slower ballads and hits such as "Look What You've Done To Me", which he deftly wrote in the same year, as a track for the movie, Urban Cowboy.
Allmusic's retrospective review commented that the album "caps off the decade with equal nods to [Scaggs's] '70s hitmaking formulas and the newer, shinier production techniques of the coming decade." They made a point of noting the album's repeated imitation of then-popular fads, while at the same time, opining that these imitations were successful.
Track listing
All songs written by David Foster and Boz Scaggs, except where noted.
Personnel
Boz Scaggs – lead vocals, guitar (1-8)
David Foster – synthesizers (1, 3, 5, 7-9), acoustic piano (1-5, 7), string arrangements (1, 3, 4, 5, 8), electric piano (3, 4, 8), synthesizer programming
Don Grolnick – electric piano (2), acoustic piano (8)
David Paich – additional synthesizer (3), organ (6), synthesizers (6)
James Newton Howard – clavinet (6)
Michael Boddicker – synthesizer programming
Larry Fast – synthesizer programming
Steve Porcaro – synthesizer programming
Ray Parker Jr. – guitar (1-8), bass (6)
Steve Lukather – lead guitars (1, 3, 5-8), additional guitars (2), guitar solo (2, 7, 8), all guitars (9)
Carlos Santana – guitar solo (4)
John Pierce – bass (1)
David Hungate – bass (2-5, 7-9)
Jeff Porcaro – drums (1, 3-5, 7, 9)
Rick Marotta – drums (2, 8)
Joe Vitale – drums (6)
Lenny Castro – percussion
Adrian Tapia – saxophone solo (1)
Marty Paich – string arrangements (4)
Charlotte Crossley – backing vocals (1)
David Lasley – backing vocals (1, 6)
Sharon Redd – backing vocals (1)
Paulette Brown – backing vocals (2, 3, 5, 8, 9)
Venetta Fields – backing vocals (2, 3, 5, 8, 9)
Bill Thedford – backing vocals (2, 3, 8)
Julia Tillman Waters – backing vocals (5, 9)
Oren Waters – backing vocals (5, 9)
Bill Champlin – backing vocals (6)
Chuck "Fingers" Irwin – backing vocals (6)
Rosemary Butler – backing vocals (7, 8)
Production
Producer and Engineer – Bill Schnee
Assistant Engineers – Stephen Marcussen and Gabe Veltri
Mastered by Doug Sax and Mike Reese at The Mastering Lab (Los Angeles, CA).
Design – Nancy Donald
Photography – Guy Bourdin
Management – Irving Azoff
Charts
Weekly Charts
Year-end charts
References
External links
Middle Man Lyrics
Boz Scaggs albums
1980 albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums recorded at Sunset Sound Recorders
Albums produced by Bill Schnee |
5389888 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prem%20Rog | Prem Rog | Prem Rog () is a 1982 Hindi-language musical romance film directed by Raj Kapoor. The film tells the story of a man's (Rishi Kapoor) love towards a woman who is a widow and of a higher status (Padmini Kolhapure). This film marked Raj Kapoor's return to social themes. The screenplay was written by Jainendra Jain and Kamna Chandra.
Prem Rog is considered an all-time classic of Raj Kapoor. It received high critical acclaim and was a commercial success at the box-office, becoming the second highest-grossing film of 1982 after Vidhaata.
Prem Rog led the 30th Filmfare Awards with 12 nominations, including Best Film, Best Actor (Rishi Kapoor) and Best Supporting Actress (Nanda), and won a leading 4 awards, tying with Shakti, including Best Director (Raj Kapoor) and Best Actress (Kolhapure).
Plot
Devdhar (Rishi Kapoor) is a poor orphan who in his childhood had a magnetic friendship with Manorama (Padmini Kolhapure), the only daughter of the rich and powerful Bade Thakur. The benevolent Thakur helped Devdhar go to the city for higher studies. After eight years, Devdhar returns to his village, where he finds Manorama has grown up. After seeing her again, Devdhar falls in love. Due to the family status difference, he is unable to express his love for her.
A chain of events leads to Manorama marry a rich and handsome Thakur; her husband dies four days after the marriage and she becomes a widow. After her elder brother-in-law rapes her, she returns to her parental home. When Devdhar learns of the situation, he works to rebuild Manorama's life and bring a smile to her face. Devdhar is determined to revive her faith in life and love. In doing so, he eventually has to face the wrath of the powerful Thakur, armed with old-age traditions and customs in his favour.
Cast
Rishi Kapoor as Devdhar "Dev," the hero, a penniless-but-educated orphan raised by his maternal uncle
Padmini Kolhapure as Manorama "Rama" Singh, the heroine, daughter of the local aristocratic family
Shammi Kapoor as Bade Raja Thakur, Rama's uncle
Nanda as Chhoti Maa, Rama's mother
Tanuja as Raj Rani, wife of Raja Virendra Pratap Singh
Sushma Seth as Badi Maa, wife of Bade Raja
Kulbhushan Kharbanda as Virendra "Vir" Singh, Rama's father
Raza Murad as Raja Virendra Pratap Singh Narendra's elder brother
Om Prakash as Panditji, the priest; Dev's maternal uncle
Dulari as Panditji's wife
Vijayendra Ghatge as Kunwar Narendra Pratap Singh, Rama's husband
Bindu as Chamiya
Soundtrack
All songs are composed by Laxmikant–Pyarelal.
Reception
Critical Reception
Prem Rog was listed by Cosmopolitan magazine as one of its Top 10 "Most Romantic Films Ever".
It received high critical acclaim for its direction, story, screenplay, music, cinematography and performances of the cast.
Box-Office
Prem Rog grossed ₹13 crore, including a nett of ₹6.5 crore. Box Office India gave it a verdict of a blockbuster.
It became the second highest-grossing film of 1982 after Vidhaata.
Awards & Nominations
|-
| rowspan="12"|1983
| Raj Kapoor
| Best Director
|
|-
| Padmini Kolhapure
| Best Actress
|
|-
| Santosh Anand (for "Mohabbat Hai Kya Cheez")
| Best Lyricist
|
|-
| Raj Kapoor
| Best Editing
|
|-
| Raj Kapoor (for R. K. Films)
| Best Film
|
|-
| Rishi Kapoor
| Best Actor
|
|-
| Nanda
| Best Supporting Actress
|
|-
| Kamna Chandra
| Best Story
|
|-
| Laxmikant–Pyarelal
| Best Music Director
|
|-
| Ameer Qazalbash (for "Meri Kismat Mein Tu")
| Best Lyricist
|
|-
| Suresh Wadkar (for "Main Hoon Prem Rogi")
| rowspan="2"|Best Male Playback Singer
|
|-
| Suresh Wadkar (for "Meri Kismat Mein Tu" )
|
|}
References
External links
Films directed by Raj Kapoor
Indian films
1982 films
1980s Hindi-language films
Films scored by Laxmikant–Pyarelal
R. K. Films films
Films about widowhood in India |
3996459 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saignel%C3%A9gier | Saignelégier | Saignelégier is a municipality in the canton of Jura in Switzerland. It is the seat of the district of Franches-Montagnes. On 1 January 2009, the formerly independent municipalities of Goumois and Les Pommerats merged into Saignelégier.
The bog and nature preserve around étang de la Gruère is located in the municipality. It is also the home of noted brewery Brasserie des Franches-Montagnes.
History
Saignelégier is first mentioned in 1294 as Saignelegier. The municipality was formerly known by its German name Sankt Leodegar, however, that name is no longer used.
During the Middle Ages the village of Saignelégier was part of the diocese of Basel. During the 15th century, Saignelégier began to grow into an important regional town. A chapel was built and a yearly market started in 1428. Around the same time, the pastor of Montfaucon, the head of the main parish of the Franches-Montagnes region, moved to Saignelégier. In 1629 it became an independent parish.
In 1691, it became the seat of the Bishop's bailiff over the surrounding area. The bailiff's castle was built around the end of the 17th century. After the French invasion (1793–1813), Saignelégier was the capital of the canton in the Département of Mont-Terrible and then in the Département of Haut-Rhin. Following the collapse of Napoleonic France, in 1815 it became part of the Canton of Bern, where it remained until the founding of the Canton of Jura in 1978.
With the advent of the watch industry in Switzerland in the 19th Century and the opening of rail lines in 1892 to La Chaux-de-Fonds and Glovelier in 1904, a number of precision manufacturing firms settled in Saignelégier. By 2005, 35% of the population worked in manufacturing while 61% were in technology and services jobs. Almost two-thirds of the workers in town commute elsewhere for work.
Geography
Saignelégier has an area of . Of this area, or 42.5% is used for agricultural purposes, while or 50.8% is forested. Of the rest of the land, or 5.4% is settled (buildings or roads), or 0.7% is either rivers or lakes and or 1.0% is unproductive land.
Of the built up area, housing and buildings made up 2.3% and transportation infrastructure made up 2.2%. Out of the forested land, 46.7% of the total land area is heavily forested and 4.0% is covered with orchards or small clusters of trees. Of the agricultural land, 5.9% is used for growing crops and 22.3% is pastures and 14.2% is used for alpine pastures. Of the water in the municipality, 0.3% is in lakes and 0.3% is in rivers and streams.
The municipality is the capital of the Franches-Montagnes district. Since the 2009 merger, it has stretched from the banks of the Doubs river to the Etang de la Gruère. The original village lies at the intersection of the roads to Delémont, Tramelan, La Chaux-de-Fonds and France. It consists of the villages of Saignelégier, Les Pommerats and Goumois and a number of hamlets.
The municipalities of Le Bémont, Les Bois, Les Breuleux, La Chaux-des-Breuleux, Les Enfers, Les Genevez, Lajoux, Montfaucon, Muriaux, Le Noirmont, Saignelégier, Saint-Brais and Soubey are considering a merger at a date in the future into the new municipality of Franches-Montagnes.
Coat of arms
The blazon of the municipal coat of arms is Or, a Roundel Argent bordered Sable, in base Coupeaux of Six Gules.
Demographics
Saignelégier has a population () of . , 8.5% of the population are resident foreign nationals. Over the last 10 years (2000–2010) the population has changed at a rate of 10%. Migration accounted for 10.7%, while births and deaths accounted for 0.4%.
Most of the population () speaks French (1,961 or 91.4%) as their first language, German is the second most common (69 or 3.2%) and Italian is the third (20 or 0.9%). There are 3 people who speak Romansh.
, the population was 49.5% male and 50.5% female. The population was made up of 1,151 Swiss men (45.5% of the population) and 100 (4.0%) non-Swiss men. There were 1,177 Swiss women (46.6%) and 99 (3.9%) non-Swiss women. Of the population in the municipality, 721 or about 33.6% were born in Saignelégier and lived there in 2000. There were 678 or 31.6% who were born in the same canton, while 360 or 16.8% were born somewhere else in Switzerland, and 260 or 12.1% were born outside of Switzerland.
, children and teenagers (0–19 years old) make up 27.1% of the population, while adults (20–64 years old) make up 56.5% and seniors (over 64 years old) make up 16.4%.
, there were 943 people who were single and never married in the municipality. There were 955 married individuals, 130 widows or widowers and 117 individuals who are divorced.
, there were 968 private households in the municipality, and an average of 2.5 persons per household. There were 269 households that consist of only one person and 67 households with five or more people. , a total of 816 apartments (89.1% of the total) were permanently occupied, while 79 apartments (8.6%) were seasonally occupied and 21 apartments (2.3%) were empty. , the construction rate of new housing units was 3.2 new units per 1000 residents. The vacancy rate for the municipality, , was 0.85%.
The historical population is given in the following chart:
Sights
The entire village of Les Pommerats and the hamlet of Les Cerlatez are designated as part of the Inventory of Swiss Heritage Sites
Politics
In the 2007 federal election the most popular party was the SPS which received 36.77% of the vote. The next three most popular parties were the CVP (23.89%), the CSP (23.34%) and the SVP (9.14%). In the federal election, a total of 727 votes were cast, and the voter turnout was 46.2%.
Economy
, Saignelégier had an unemployment rate of 4.1%. , there were 109 people employed in the primary economic sector and about 42 businesses involved in this sector. 567 people were employed in the secondary sector and there were 51 businesses in this sector. 911 people were employed in the tertiary sector, with 121 businesses in this sector. There were 1,055 residents of the municipality who were employed in some capacity, of which females made up 44.6% of the workforce.
the total number of full-time equivalent jobs was 1,239. The number of jobs in the primary sector was 38, of which 37 were in agriculture and 1 was in forestry or lumber production. The number of jobs in the secondary sector was 509 of which 401 or (78.8%) were in manufacturing and 104 (20.4%) were in construction. The number of jobs in the tertiary sector was 692. In the tertiary sector; 152 or 22.0% were in wholesale or retail sales or the repair of motor vehicles, 44 or 6.4% were in the movement and storage of goods, 62 or 9.0% were in a hotel or restaurant, 3 or 0.4% were in the information industry, 91 or 13.2% were the insurance or financial industry, 47 or 6.8% were technical professionals or scientists, 49 or 7.1% were in education and 135 or 19.5% were in health care.
, there were 778 workers who commuted into the municipality and 401 workers who commuted away. The municipality is a net importer of workers, with about 1.9 workers entering the municipality for every one leaving. About 17.0% of the workforce coming into Saignelégier are coming from outside Switzerland. Of the working population, 5.6% used public transportation to get to work, and 55.1% used a private car.
Transport
The municipality has a railway station, , on the La Chaux-de-Fonds–Glovelier line.
Religion
From the , 1,544 or 72.0% were Roman Catholic, while 237 or 11.0% belonged to the Swiss Reformed Church. Of the rest of the population, there were 17 members of an Orthodox church (or about 0.79% of the population), there was 1 individual who belongs to the Christian Catholic Church, and there were 58 individuals (or about 2.70% of the population) who belonged to another Christian church. There were 27 (or about 1.26% of the population) who were Islamic. There was 1 person who was Buddhist and 9 individuals who were Hindu. 146 (or about 6.81% of the population) belonged to no church, are agnostic or atheist, and 133 individuals (or about 6.20% of the population) did not answer the question.
Weather
Saignelégier has an average of 153.6 days of rain or snow per year and on average receives of precipitation. The wettest month is June during which time Saignelégier receives an average of of rain or snow. During this month there is precipitation for an average of 13.7 days. The month with the most days of precipitation is May, with an average of 15.8, but with only of rain or snow. The driest month of the year is October with an average of of precipitation over 10 days.
Education
In Saignelégier about 747 or (34.8%) of the population have completed non-mandatory upper secondary education, and 183 or (8.5%) have completed additional higher education (either university or a Fachhochschule). Of the 183 who completed tertiary schooling, 58.5% were Swiss men, 29.0% were Swiss women, 6.6% were non-Swiss men and 6.0% were non-Swiss women.
The Canton of Jura school system provides two-year of non-obligatory Kindergarten, followed by six years of Primary school. This is followed by three years of obligatory lower Secondary school where the students are separated according to ability and aptitude. Following the lower Secondary students may attend a three or four-year optional upper Secondary school followed by some form of Tertiary school or they may enter an apprenticeship.
During the 2009–10 school year, there were a total of 343 students attending 18 classes in Saignelégier. There were 3 kindergarten classes with a total of 56 students in the municipality. The municipality had 9 primary classes and 167 students. During the same year, there were 6 lower secondary classes with a total of 120 students.
, there were 66 students in Saignelégier who came from another municipality, while 81 residents attended schools outside the municipality.
References
External links
http://www.saignelegier.ch
Municipalities of the canton of Jura |
5389899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristine%20Cecava | Kristine Cecava | Kristine Cecava is a former Cheyenne County, Nebraska district judge who garnered media attention for sentencing a man to probation for two felony child sexual assault charges, a sentence viewed by many as being too lenient.
In May, 2006, Judge Cecava sentenced Richard W. Thompson to 10 years' probation. It was reported first by local media outlet, The Sidney Sun-Telegraph, that her reason for the probation was that she thought Mr. Thompson, who is 5'1" and 50 years old, would not survive prison. The state filed an appeal of the sentence, calling it too lenient. However, the sentence was found to be correct and the appeal failed.
A petition calling for her resignation was signed by 900 people and submitted to the Nebraska Judicial Qualifications Commission, but was rejected because the commission doesn't have the power to remove her from office for an error in judgement.
Cecava received her law degree from the University of Nebraska–Lincoln College of Law in 1976. During law school, she was a member of the Law Review and received the Order of the Coif. Since that time, she served in a variety of positions, including county attorney. She was later appointed as a county judge and was president of the Nebraska County Judges Association in 1996. She was appointed to the district court in 1999.
Former Judge Cecava was removed from the bench by voters on November 4, 2008, with 52% of voters saying "No" to retaining her services. However, she remained active on the bench for several months following the vote until a new judge, Derek Weimers of Scottsbluff, was selected to replace her.
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Nebraska state court judges
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
American women judges
Women in Nebraska politics
20th-century American judges
21st-century American judges
20th-century women judges
21st-century women judges
20th-century American women
21st-century American women |
5389901 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jakub%20Egit | Jakub Egit | Jakub Egit (27 September 1908 – 1996) was a Polish Jewish leader. He was born in Boryslaw, Austria-Hungary. His parents, Marek and Shaindel, and his siblings, Marcus, Rachel, Reisl, Jonas and Genia, were all killed between 1943 and 1945.
In 1945, Egit began a project to create a settlement of 50,000 Jews in Dzierżoniów County (formerly Reichenbach), incl. the town of Dzierżoniów (the peak number of Jews in Drobniszew reached 17,800 in November 1946), Bielawa, Pieszyce, Piława Górna, etc., a Recovered Territory near Wrocław in Silesia, People's Republic of Poland. Egit wanted to make the former German territory into a Jewish settlement. Initially, with Soviet Communist support, Egit's plan went well; starting with a small group of concentration camp survivors, the settlement grew to encompass Jewish schools, hospitals, kibbutzim, orphanages and a book publisher in Wrocław. However, in 1948 the Communists withdrew their support. Egit was put in jail and the majority of Dzierżoniów's citizens subsequently emigrated to Israel.
From his release in 1950, Egit was editor of J'idysz Buch in Warsaw. In 1957 he emigrated to Canada, where he became a prominent member of Canada's Jewish community. In 1991, he published his autobiography Grand Illusion.
Egit died in Florida in 1996.
References
Further reading
Microcosm: Portrait of a Central European City Norman Davies and Roger Moorhouse
Grand Illusion, Jacob Egit
1908 births
1996 deaths
Canadian people of Polish-Jewish descent
Polish emigrants to Canada
Jewish Canadian writers
Canadian Zionists
People from Boryslav
Canadian autobiographers |
5389912 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria%20Grinberg | Maria Grinberg | Maria Grinberg (Russian: Mария Израилевна Гринберг, Marija Israilevna Grinberg; September 6, 1908 – July 14, 1978) was a Russian pianist. She was born in Odessa, Russian Empire. Her father was a Hebrew scholar and her mother taught piano privately. Until the age of 18, Maria took piano lessons from Odessa's noted teacher David Aisberg. Eventually she became a pupil of Felix Blumenfeld (who also taught Vladimir Horowitz) and later, after his death, continued her studies with Konstantin Igumnov at the Moscow Conservatory. In 1935, she won the Second Prize at the Second All-Union Pianist Competition.
Grinberg became a major figure of the Russian piano school. However, in 1937 both her husband and her father were arrested and executed as "enemies of the people". The pianist was fired by the state-run management and got a job as an accompanist of an amateur choreography group. During that time, she occasionally participated in concert performances playing timpani. Somehow, she later was readmitted as a piano soloist. She became a much-sought-after pianist in Moscow, with concerts in Leningrad, Riga, Tallinn, Voronezh, Tbilisi, Baku and other cities all over the Soviet Union.
At the age of 50, after Joseph Stalin died, she was finally allowed to travel abroad. In all, Grinberg went on 14 performing tours – 12 times in the Soviet bloc countries and twice in the Netherlands where she became a nationally acclaimed figure. Critics compared her performances with those of Vladimir Horowitz, Arthur Rubinstein, and Clara Haskil.
Only at the age of 55, was she granted her first – and last – honorary title of Distinguished Artist of the Russian Soviet Federation. At 61, she was given a professorship at the Gnessin Institute of Music. Among those on the long list of her pupils are Michael Bischoffberger, Naum Shtarkman and Regina Shamvili.
In 1970, her 13-LP album set featuring all of Beethoven's 32 piano sonatas was released. This was the first time a Russian pianist recorded the complete set of the Beethoven piano sonatas. Three months before Grinberg's death in 1978, a review by critic Yudenich in the Sovetskaya Muzyka magazine called these recordings "a true feat of art".
When she was in her late 40s, she noticed that her vision had become significantly worse. She addressed the problem, and it turned out that she had a brain tumor which required surgery. Within a few months, she celebrated her 50th birthday by performing three piano concertos in one evening – Bach's f minor, Beethoven Third, and Rachmaninoff's Third with Moscow Philharmonic Orchestra.
Maria Grinberg died on July 14, 1978, in Tallinn, Estonia, ten weeks before her seventieth birthday. The Gnessin Institute's director, chorus master Vladimir Minin (who a year before had forced Grinberg to resign from her teaching position), refused to hold a memorial ceremony on the Institute's premises, and it was only thanks to the efforts of Deputy Minister of Culture Kukharsky, the great pianist was given her last honor in a proper way.
Her sense of humor was legendary. Those who knew her recall a story. Her patronymic [the name of the father, customarily used in Russian names] was Israilyevna (that is, "daughter of Israel", Israel being the first name of her father). In 1967, during the period of heightened tension between the Soviet Union and the State of Israel which the Soviets always addressed as "Israeli aggressors," Grinberg always introduced herself as "Maria Aggressorovna."
References
External links
"http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Bio/Grinberg-Maria.htm"
Soviet classical pianists
Soviet women pianists
Jewish classical pianists
Jewish classical musicians
Ukrainian Jews
Musicians from Odessa
1908 births
1978 deaths
Gnessin State Musical College faculty
Women classical pianists
Jewish Ukrainian musicians
Odessa Jews |
3996500 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20League%20%28United%20Kingdom%29 | Economic League (United Kingdom) | The Economic League was an organisation in the United Kingdom dedicated to opposing what they saw as subversion and action against free enterprise. As part of this the organisation maintained a list of alleged leftwing troublemakers for decades, which corporate members of the League used to vet job applicants, often denying jobs on the basis of the list. In the late 1980s press investigations revealed the poor quality of the League's data, and following a 1990 parliamentary inquiry and further press reporting, the League closed down in 1993. However, key League personnel continued similar vetting activities through organizations including The Consulting Association.
Early history
The organisation was founded in August 1919 by a group of industrialists and then MP William Reginald Hall under the name of National Propaganda. Hall had been Director of the Naval Intelligence Division of the Admiralty from 1914 to 1919. The organization's chief function was to promote the point of view of industrialists and businessmen, as well as to keep track of communist and leftwing organizations and individuals. Predating McCarthyism, it worked closely with the British Empire Union. John Baker White worked as the league's Assistant Director, and then from 1926 to 1939 as Director. In 1925 the Economic League was organised into a policy-making Central Council of 41 members, with 14 district organizations covering most industrial areas of the UK. Income came from tax-deductible company subscriptions and donations. The Council in 1925 included two Lords, 15 knights, high-ranking military officers, directors of newspapers, and Lord Gainford, chair of the BBC. Hall, the first chair of the organization, had by 1925 been succeeded by Sir Auckland Geddes. The Central Council of the Economic Leagues was a member in the International Entente Against the Third International.
The League in this period played a particular role in opposing the 1926 United Kingdom general strike (including printing and distributing a daily newssheet) and opposing the hunger marches organised by the National Unemployed Workers' Movement, particularly the one in 1934. In the 20s and 30s the League organised thousands of public meetings and distributed millions of leaflets annually, and began collecting centralised records on communist trade union organisers (some obtained from police files). In 1938 the League estimated that it had held almost a quarter of a million public meetings since its foundation.
Post-war era
In the 1960s and 70s, various newspapers reports confirmed the existence of the League's blacklist of leftwing workers - the existence of which the League denied until confirming in 1969 (in an interview with The Observer) that it held files and in 1978 (in its Annual Report) that it used those files to supply members with information. The Daily Express (12 January 1961) reported that firms could check if "a prospective employee is listed as a Communist sympathiser", while The Guardian (30 January 1964) reported on the secrecy surrounding such inquiries, quoting a League circular saying "If a director asks for details of our work, he should be told that some of it is highly confidential and therefore cannot be put in writing." In 1974 reports included the Sunday Times (11 April), Time Out (May), and The Guardian (11 May).
The league's running cost was funded by contributions from various companies. According to the Labour Research Department, the League had income of £266,000 in 1968 (), with £61,000 of this contributed from 154 known companies, with 21 known banks and financial institutions contributing as much as the 47 known manufacturing companies. In 2013 Labour MP John Mann said he had had a job offer at Ciba-Geigy withdrawn in the 1980s after the company found his name on the League's list.
Publicity and decline
The League became more visible in the 1980s, as the press investigated its activities, and questions were asked in Parliament in a campaign against the League, led by Maria Fyfe. Granada TV's World in Action broadcast three reports on the League, the first on 16 June 1987, with another in 1988 showing "that a League employee called Ned Walsh had been working undercover in the trades union ASTMS for more than twenty years." These investigations, together with a leaked 1985 League document "The Need for a Change of Direction", showed how poor the quality of the files was, with much of it amounting to hearsay and circumstantial evidence, much of it out of date (sometimes by decades) and substantial parts simply not providing enough information to clearly identify specific individuals. "Speaking to MPs, trades unionists and journalists in the Houses of Parliament (in 1989) the former North West Regional Director, Mr Richard Brett, suggested that 35,000 of the 45,000 files would have to be weeded out because they were either hopelessly inadequate or uselessly out of date." Despite the poor quality of the files, the attitude of at least some League officials was shown by World in Action filming an official who "recommended that a company not employ someone because he had the same surname as someone on the blacklist".
In 1986 the League had income from company subscriptions of around £1m, ; following bad publicity, this fell to around £800,000 in 1988 and £660,000 in 1989. In 1990, the House of Commons Select Committee on Employment took evidence from the Economic League about its blacklist. At this time Ford Motor Company, one of the League's largest subscribers and one of its few public supporters, cancelled its subscription.
Trade union collusion
Jack Winder, the former Director of Information and Research at The Economic League, claimed to have had "Very good relations with certain trade union leaders", those that held anti-communist, pro-British views. He named them as:
Leif Mills (Banking, Insurance and Finance Union)
Terry Carroll (Engineering)
Eric Hammond (Electrical, Electronic, Telecommunication and Plumbing Trade Union)
Dennis Mills (Transport and General Workers' Union, Midlands region)
Kate Losinska (Civil and Public Services Association)
Demise
Following the 1990 parliamentary inquiry, press reports maintained pressure on the League. The BBC's Watchdog reported on it, and Paul Foot obtained an entire copy of the blacklist and ran a series of stories in the Daily Mirror.
The Economic League had been chaired by Sir Saxon Tate in the late 1970s, and after its demise in 1993 he became a non-executive director of one of its successors, CAPRiM, with two former League directors, Jack Winder and Stan Hardy, CAPRiM employees. At the time of its closure, the League had files on 22,000 people, including Gordon Brown, 40 Labour MPs, "as well as journalists and thousands of shopfloor workers." Another descendant of the League, the Consulting Association, was raided by the Office of the Information Commissioner in February 2009.
The Consulting Association had been founded by Ian Kerr, described by the League's 1986-9 director-general as "a key guy. He was one of our most effective research people..." Kerr later gave evidence to Parliament that the Consulting Association was founded in April 1993 with a £10,000 loan from Sir Robert McAlpine, and "was started out of the Services Group (SG), operated by and within the Economic League (EL). A steering committee of key people in construction companies of the SG drafted a constitution. Key operating features of TCA were decided by representatives of the major construction companies, who were the original members..."
Undercover Policing Inquiry
The Undercover Policing Inquiry, a public inquiry into undercover policing, took evidence in 2020 related to the Economic League. A former colleague of Chief Superintendent Bert Lawrenson stated that Lawrenson, who had been involved in the undercover monitoring of leftwing activists, was employed by the Economic League after leaving the Metropolitan Police. This added concerns to previous disclosures by the Metropolitan Police that "on the balance of probabilities" the Special Branch had improperly disclosed information about trade unionists to the Economic League or similar organisations. The inquiry is due to report in 2023.
Footnotes
References
The Economic League - The Silent McCarthyism, Mark Hollingsworth and Charles Tremayne (National Council for Civil Liberties), 1989,
Arthur McIvor, "'A Crusade for Capitalism': The Economic League, 1919-1939", Journal of Contemporary History 23 (1988), 631-55
Christopher W. Miller, "'Extraordinary Gentlemen: the Economic League, business networks, and organised labour in war planning and rearmament", Scottish Labour History 52 (2017), 120-151
External links
Friends of the Heroes
House of Commons Hansard Debates for 8 Feb 1989
Spies at Work, Mike Hughes (1994), 1 IN 12 PUBLICATIONS,
Catalogue of the papers of William Driscoll, chief training officer, held at the Modern Records Centre, University of Warwick
Political history of the United Kingdom
1919 establishments in the United Kingdom
1993 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Anti-communist organizations
Organizations established in 1919
Labour movement
Blacklisting in the United Kingdom
Political organisations based in the United Kingdom
Political scandals in the United Kingdom
Organizations disestablished in 1993 |
3996523 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palmar%20aponeurosis | Palmar aponeurosis | The palmar aponeurosis (palmar fascia) invests the muscles of the palm, and consists of central, lateral, and medial portions.
Structure
The central portion occupies the middle of the palm, is triangular in shape, and of great strength
Its apex is continuous with the lower margin of the transverse carpal ligament, and receives the expanded tendon of the palmaris longus.
Its base divides below into four slips, one for each finger. Each slip gives off superficial fibers to the skin of the palm and finger, those to the palm joining the skin at the furrow corresponding to the metacarpophalangeal articulations, and those to the fingers passing into the skin at the transverse fold at the bases of the fingers.
The deeper part of each slip subdivides into two processes, which are inserted into the fibrous sheaths of the flexor tendons. From the sides of these processes offsets are attached to the transverse metacarpal ligament.
By this arrangement short channels are formed on the front of the heads of the metacarpal bones; through these the flexor tendons pass. The intervals between the four slips transmit the digital vessels and nerves, and the tendons of the lumbricales.
At the points of division into the slips mentioned, numerous strong, transverse fasciculi bind the separate processes together.
The central part of the palmar aponeurosis is intimately bound to the integument by dense fibroareolar tissue forming the superficial palmar fascia, and gives origin by its medial margin to the palmaris brevis.
It covers the superficial volar arch, the tendons of the flexor muscles, and the branches of the median and ulnar nerves; and on either side it gives off a septum, which is continuous with the interosseous aponeurosis, and separates the intermediate from the collateral groups of muscles.
Lateral and medial portions
The lateral and medial portions of the palmar aponeurosis are thin, fibrous layers, which cover, on the radial side, the muscles of the ball of the thumb, and, on the ulnar side, the muscles of the little finger; they are continuous with the central portion and with the fascia on the dorsum of the hand.
Additional Images
References
External links
Human anatomy
Biometrics |
5389914 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Profits%20tax | Profits tax | In Hong Kong, profits tax is an income tax chargeable to business carried on in Hong Kong. Applying the territorial taxation concept, only profits sourced in Hong Kong are taxable in general. Capital gains are not taxable in Hong Kong, although it is always arguable whether an income is capital in nature.
The persons chargeable to profits tax includes corporations, partnerships, trustees, and sole proprietors.
Chargeable scope
As a general rule, Hong Kong profits tax is levied on any persons who carries on a trade, profession or business in Hong Kong and assessable profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong for a year of assessment. The profits tax rate applied is 15% for individuals and 16.5% for corporations (a.k.a. the standard rate) on their net assessable profits for the year of assessment 2014/15.
Source of profits
To argue whether profits arising in or derived from Hong Kong, case law judgments are often referred. The fundamental source rule was laid down by the landmark case The Commissioner of Inland Revenue ("CIR") v. Hang Seng Bank Ltd Co. (1991) 1 AC 306. Lord Bridge of Harwich of Privy Council held that the source of profits is a question of fact depending on the nature of transaction and stated the broad guiding principle in determining the source is that
The statement is widely retrieved in the context of Taxation in Hong Kong and other jurisdictions and reconfirmed in subsequent cases, such as HK-TVB International Limited v. CIR (1992) 2 AC 397. However, while applying the broad guiding principle, it should not be distracted by the antecedent and incidental matters.
To reduce the complexity in determining the source of profits, the Inland Revenue Department of Hong Kong ("IRD") issued Departmental Interpretation and Practice Note No. 21 - Locality of profits ("DIPN no. 21") to provides potential taxpayers a guideline on the source of income. Following the guideline in DIPN no, 21, the taxpayers may first determine what kinds of profits do their business earn and make reference to the IRD's views in respect of the particular type of profits.
Tax computation
The formula is:
HK profits tax payable = Net assessable profit × Profits tax standard rate
Net assessable profit = Assessable profit − Loss brought forward (if any) + Loss transferred from partnership (if any)
Assessable profit = Profit or (Loss) per financial account + (Disallowable expenses charged in account − Non-taxable income credited in account) − Depreciation allowances − Approved charitable donations
Approved charitable donations
The Approved charitable donations are limited to 35% (10% for years of assessment up to and including 2002/03; and 25% for years of assessment 2003/04 to 2007/08) of the adjusted assessable profits before deduction of donations, per section 16D of the IRO. Such aggregate must not be less than $100.
Section 14
A person carries on a trade, a profession or a business in Hong Kong
There are profits arising in or derived from (trade, profession, business). Profit is not from the sales of capital assets
The profits must be arising in or derived from Hong Kong
Contract effected test
Operation test
Provision of credit test
Development test or registration test
Badges of Trade
Any trade may be subject to profit tax unless one can provide reasonable evidence to prove that there is not any revenue profit. In Hong Kong, capital profit is not subject to tax.
In order to prove the nature of a trade, the badges of trade are to be considered:
the taxpayer's intention of profit (one acquisition of the commodity)
Subject Matter of the commodity disposal (If enjoyment can be assume on original acquisition, e.g. rental)
the length of ownership,
frequency of similar transactions,
reason for disposal,
supplementary work and so on.
Basis period and year of assessment
The year of assessment of each year starts from 1 April and ends on 31 March in the next year. For example, the year of assessment for 1 April 2014 to 31 March 2015 is "Year of Assessment 2014/15". However, no adjustment is required to align the financial information with the end-date of year of assessment. On the contrary, IRD accepts the profits assessed in accordance with the accounting year-end date. In the context of tax law, this is also referred as basis period.
Tax depreciation
Purchases of industrial building, commercial building and plant and machinery are not deductible because they are capital in nature. Yet, capital expenditure may be deductible if they are categorised into following:
Capital expenditure on plant and machinery for research and development;
Capital expenditure on renovation or refurbishment on buildings other than domestic ones;
Capital expenditure on prescribed fixed assets (excluding lease or hire-purchase);
Capital expenditure on environmental protection facilities (excluding lease or hire-purchase).
If the capital expenditure is not deductible at any of the above provisions, the following depreciation allowances may be granted as an alternative deduction.
Industrial building and commercial building allowance
As derived from its name, the industrial building allowance is only available for buildings used, generally, for the purpose of manufacturing of goods and products. Buildings which are used to carry out other businesses may be qualified for commercial building allowance.
Industrial building allowance is more beneficial to the taxpayer because at the year of purchase, 20% of "initial allowance" on the capital expenditure can be deducted. Such benefit is not available for commercial buildings. For every year, 4% of the capital expenditure can be deducted as "annual allowance", until 25 years after its first use.
On the contrary, the amount which the proceeds received at the time of sales over the allowance claimed will be taxable as "balancing charge".
Depreciation Allowance on Plant and Machinery
Types of plant and machinery that are tax-depreciable and their respective rates (for annual allowance only, see below) are set out in a prescribed schedule. The definition of plant and machinery does not include any implement, utensil and article. Instead, they can be fully deductible for profits tax purpose on replacement basis (i.e. the initial purchase of which is not deductible)
For assets purchased during that year of assessment, an initial allowance of 60% will be granted. Thereafter, the assets sharing the same rates of annual allowance are transferred into a pool, classified by the prescribed schedule in the Rule 2 and annual allowance of either 10%, 20% or 30% will be granted for the entire pooled assets. For example, a motor vehicle, which is 30% pooled, can be first granted a 60% initial allowance and 30% of annual allowance on the remaining 40% asset value. Therefore, 72% (i.e. 60% + 30% x 40% = 72%) of the value of motor vehicle can be deducted from tax in the year of purchase.
Tax loss
Tax losses can be carried forward to set off the profits in the future years until fully absorbed but not backward. Group loss relief is not available in the taxation in Hong Kong.
Taxpayer bears no rights to object a loss determined by IRD because loss is not an assessment in accordance to the definition of Ordinance. Until the time when profits are assessed which affects the tax loss (e.g. offsetting of previous tax loss), the taxpayer may apply for an objection to the CIR. It also implies that a statement of loss, which grants no objection option to the taxpayer, has a different status with the notice of assessment.
An assessment cannot be re-opened after being final and conclusive after 6 years (or 10 years in the case of willful tax evasion). On the contrary, a case of tax loss, even agreed by the CIR in previous year, can be re-opened at any time in the future since it is technically not an assessment.
See also
Inland Revenue Department (Hong Kong)
Section 5 of the IRO - Property tax
Section 8 of the IRO - Salaries tax
Reference links
Section 14 of the IRO
HK Inland Revenue Department: Questions and Answers
A Guide by Law&Trust about corporate (profit) taxation in Hong Kong
Different profit tax standard rates apply to corporation and unincorporated business
References
Taxation in Hong Kong |
3996534 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comus%20%28Milton%29 | Comus (Milton) | Comus (A Masque Presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634) is a masque in honour of chastity, written by John Milton. It was first presented on Michaelmas, 1634, before John Egerton, 1st Earl of Bridgewater, at Ludlow Castle in celebration of the Earl's new post as Lord President of Wales.
Known colloquially as Comus, the masque's actual full title in its first publication is A Maske presented at Ludlow Castle, 1634: on Michaelmasse night, before the Right Honorable, John Earle of Bridgewater, Viscount Brackly, Lord President of Wales, and one of His Majesties most honorable privie counsell. It was first performed for the Earl of Bridgewater on 29 September 1634. The performance also featured his two sons as the Elder Brother and Second Brother, and his daughter, Alice, as the Lady.
Comus was printed anonymously in 1637, in a quarto issued by bookseller Humphrey Robinson; Milton included the work in his Poems of 1645 and 1673. Milton's text was later used for a highly successful masque by the musician Thomas Arne in 1738, which then ran for more than seventy years in London.
Plot
The plot concerns two brothers and their sister, simply called "the Lady", lost in a journey through the woods. The Lady becomes fatigued, and the brothers wander off in search of sustenance.
While alone, she encounters the debauched Comus, a character inspired by the god of revelry (, Kōmos), who is disguised as a villager and claims he will lead her to her brothers. Deceived by his amiable countenance, the Lady follows him, only to be captured, brought to his pleasure palace and victimised by his necromancy. Seated on an enchanted chair, with "gums of glutinous heat", she is immobilised, and Comus accosts her while with one hand he holds a necromancer's wand and with the other he offers a vessel with a drink that would overpower her. Comus urges the Lady to "be not coy" and drink from his magical cup (representing sexual pleasure and intemperance), but she repeatedly refuses, arguing for the virtuousness of temperance and chastity. Within view at his palace is an array of cuisine intended to arouse the Lady's appetites and desires. Despite being restrained against her will, she continues to exercise right reason (recta ratio) in her disputation with Comus, thereby manifesting her freedom of mind. Whereas the would-be seducer argues appetites and desires issuing from one's nature are "natural" and therefore licit, the Lady contends that only rational self-control is enlightened and virtuous. To be self-indulgent and intemperate, she adds, is to forfeit one's higher nature and to yield to baser impulses. In this debate the Lady and Comus signify, respectively, soul and body, ratio and libido, sublimation and sensuality, virtue and vice, moral rectitude and immoral depravity. In line with the theme of the journey that distinguishes Comus, the Lady has been deceived by the guile of a treacherous character, temporarily waylaid, and besieged by sophistry that is disguised as wisdom.
Meanwhile, her brothers, searching for her, come across the Attendant Spirit, an angelic figure sent to aid them, who takes the form of a shepherd and tells them how to defeat Comus. As the Lady continues to assert her freedom of mind and to exercise her free will by resistance and even defiance, she is rescued by the Attendant Spirit along with her brothers, who chase off Comus. The Lady remains magically bound to her chair. With a song, the Spirit conjures the water nymph Sabrina who frees the Lady on account of her steadfast virtue. She and her brothers are reunited with their parents in a triumphal celebration, which signifies the heavenly bliss awaiting the wayfaring soul that prevails over trials and travails, whether these are the threats posed by overt evil or the blandishments of temptation.
Music
The original vocal music (the dance music is not extant), in a baroque style, was composed by Henry Lawes, who also played the part of The Attendant Spirit. Generally, masques were not dramas; they could be viewed as pre-figuring the recitative of opera.
In 1745 George Frideric Handel composed three songs and a trio as part of a private arrangement of the masque which was first performed, in June 1745, also at Ludlow Castle.
Scenes from Comus for vocal soloists and orchestra is one of the best-known works of composer Hugh Wood (1932–2021) which was commissioned by the BBC. It was his first orchestral work and was composed between 1962 and 1965. Its premiere at The Proms in 1965 provided Wood with a public success.
Comus and the masque genre
Masques were a favourite court celebration dating from at least the reign of Elizabeth I, but became very popular under the Stuarts. The main parts were often played by courtiers, nobles and sometimes even the royals. In fact, Caroline masques (of which Comus is an example) frequently featured the King Charles I and Queen (Henrietta Maria), as they were far more interested in becoming involved than King James and his queen Anne had been.
This masque was not performed at the court, however, but at the home of Lord Bridgewater, Ludlow Castle. It was commissioned to celebrate the appointment of Lord Bridgewater to the post of Lord President of Wales. References to this are clearly evident in the text, such as the Attendant Spirit's reference to the children's father's "new-entrusted sceptre" in his opening speech.
Bridgewater's own children were the principal actors in this masque. The Puritan Milton's use of the genre, however, may be seen as an attempt for him to "reclaim" masque, which was associated with the perceived debauchery of the royal court, for godly or virtuous purposes. Rather than praising an aristocrat, the famous concluding lines of the masque, recited by the Attendant Spirit, urge
Comus was influenced by a prior masque, Aurelian Townshend's Tempe Restored, which had been staged at the Palace of Whitehall in London in February 1632. Both Henry Lawes and Alice Egerton, the Earl's daughter who played the Lady, had performed in Townshend's masque.
Milton's title for the masque was not Comus (this was imposed later by scholars), but A Mask, Presented at Ludlow Castle. Creaser notes that it had become old-fashioned by the 1630s to use an occasional title such as this (consider other masque titles of the time such as Carew's Coelum Britanicum and Tempe Restored, etc.) This shows that Milton wanted to specifically draw attention to his work as a masque, asking the reader to hold in their minds all that this signified, as he consciously used and twisted the conventions of the genre to put across his particular message. For example, his audience would have been expecting, based on other masques of this time, that the antimasque would be dispelled by virtue (usually embodied by the King and Queen). Yet in Comus the Lady's virtue is not enough to save her: she is unable to dismiss Comus on her own. Even the heroic virtue of her brothers is not enough. Comus escapes rather than actually being defeated.
Many have read the intervention of Sabrina as divine assistance being sent, showing that earthly virtue is relatively weak, and certainly not worthy of the exaltation given it in contemporary masques. Barbara Lewalski comments that the character of Sabrina was apparently not played by a noble, but by one of the actors (we can assume this because no-one is listed as playing this character in the dramatis personae), so it is actually a commoner who holds the position of most power.
Castlehaven scandal
An air of controversy surrounds this masque, as the Earl of Castlehaven, Bridgewater's brother-in-law, was the subject of a sordid sodomy and rape scandal for which he was executed. Some critics have conjectured that the masque, with its focus on chastity, was designed to "cleanse" the Egerton family.
Notes
External links
An Original Facsimile of the first edition of Comus at Internet Archive
Comus with illustrations by Arthur Rackham at Internet Archive
Comus at Project Gutenberg
Text of Comus
An audiobook performance of the Bridgewater Manuscript of Comus with original songs by Henry Lawes and dances by William Lawes
Marcus, Leah. "The Milieu of Milton's Comus: Judicial Reform at Ludlow and the Problem of Sexual Assault". Criticism 25.4 (1983): 293–327.
1634 plays
English Renaissance plays
Masques
Works by John Milton |
5389915 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anjum%20Chopra | Anjum Chopra | Anjum Chopra (born 20 May 1977) is a cricket commentator, former cricketer and captain of India's national women's cricket team. The first time she stepped onto the cricket ground was at the age of 9. She played her first friendly match with the college girls' team at the inter-college level, scoring 20 runs and taking 2 wickets. Later the same year she was selected to play for New Delhi in the under −15 tournament.
She played various sports at an early age, representing her school and college in athletics, basketball, and swimming. She was also a member of the Delhi State basketball team that competed at nationals.
Anjum made her debut in one-day internationals at the early age of 17, on 12 February 1995 against New Zealand at Christchurch, New Zealand, and made her debut in Test cricket a few months later against England at Eden Gardens, Kolkata, on 17 November 1995. In only her second series for India the same year, she was awarded player of the series in the one-day internationals against the visiting England cricket team, scoring runs at an average of 67.5.
She is a left-handed batter who bowls right-arm medium-fast. She has played in 12 Tests and 116 ODIs. She was coached by Sunita Sharma, Hardeep Dua and Tarak Sinha from Sonnet Club. She was also the first woman to score 1,000 runs in ODIs for India.
Carving out a niche in the male-dominated sport in the country, Anjum has begun to be recognized as the face of women's cricket in India as a player, captain, consultant, commentator, motivational speaker, author, and actor.
Personal life
She received her undergraduate degree from St. Stephen’s College, Delhi
Anjum belongs to a family of sportspeople:
Maternal grandfather Ved Prakash Sahni was an athlete and represented India. He was also a cricket commentator.
Father Krishan Bal Chopra is a golfer.
Mother Poonam Chopra, a devoted homemaker, has won a Goodyear car rally.
Brother Nirvan Chopra has represented Delhi state in Under−17 and Under-19 cricket.
Maternal uncle Rohit Sahni is a former cricketer. As a schoolboy, he was wicket-keeper and opening batsman for his alma mater, Mayo College. Later, he captained both Hindu college and Delhi University.
Anjum is also a pet lover who loves to spend time with her dogs, who live with her at home.
Career
Anjum Chopra is both a Test and One Day International cricketer who represented India's national women's cricket team. She is currently working as a cricket commentator. She made her One Day International debut in 1995 against New Zealand at Christchurch. In the first ODI she opened the bowling for India, giving 14 runs in her 4 overs. Going in to bat at No 10 for India, she had a crucial partnership of 11 runs to secure the victory for India.
She made her Test match debut in November 1995 against England in Calcutta. She was sent in as a nightwatchman against the English team in her very first Test match for India. Living up to her coach's confidence in her she successfully batted till the next morning till lunch scoring 27 runs for her team.
She was made Vice Captain of the Indian team in 2000 Cricinfo World Cup in New Zealand. With two player of the match awards and the highest scorer from India, Anjum led the batting charts at the World Cup until the Indian team lost in the semi-finals to eventual winners New Zealand.
Anjum was made the Captain of the Indian team in 2002. In her first series as skipper, she led India with 7 debutants to a whitewash win over visiting England side, a record victory. The Indian team's first tour of South Africa saw them record their first overseas Test win, with Anjum Chopra scoring a match-winning 80. Her astute captaincy and using the part-time bowlers got the team 20 South African wickets at Paarl.
In 2005 World Cup in South Africa, India reached the finals of the World Cup for the first time. She was the top scorer from India and was also the Player of the Match against England.
In 2009 World Cup in Australia, in a must-win game for India, Anjum scored 76 match-winning runs and bagged the player of the match award. India finished third at the World Cup behind England and New Zealand.
She has played 6 World Cups for India, including four 50-over World Cups and two T20 World Cups. She is the first player to play 100 ODIs for India. One of the strong fielders on the team and a safe pair of hands, she has held the highest number of slip catches for India. A right arm medium pace bowler, Anjum made her debut as an all-rounder, opening the bowling in her first ODI and batting at No 10. She is the eighth-highest run-getter in women's ODIs.
Anjum has batted at almost all positions for her team, including opening, when needed. She has scored against some of the best of bowling attacks in the world, and is known to occupy the crease and bat for long hours. For example, batting in the 2000 World Cup in New Zealand against Ireland, India was reeling at 3 wickets down with 1 run on the board. She played a patient knock of 70 runs and won the match.
She is known to bat well under pressure and has played numerous knocks to perfection to get the victory. A quick runner between the wickets, her ability to convert ones to twos had been an outstanding feature of Anjum's batting style.
After attending Delhi Public School R.K. Puram and St. Stephen's College, Delhi University, Anjum completed her Master's in Business Administration from FORE School of Management with a dual specialisation in Marketing and Human Resources.
In the corporate world, Anjum is a motivational and corporate speaker/consultant. Also an MBA, Anjum has conducted training programs for globally recognised brands such as General Electric, Standard Chartered, Goldman Sachs, Vodafone, and various schools and colleges.
Domestic career
Anjum Chopra is a Delhi native who has played for the state since her Under-15 days. She has also represented Air India (her employers) for domestic matches where she emerged as the most successful skipper for the women's team.
Under her captaincy:
Delhi state won the National championship in 2012 season, the first time in history that the Delhi women's team has won the national cricket championship.
Air India won the nationals and zonal championships in both 2002 and 2003.
Air India was declared as "Best team of the year" in 2003.
The 2011–12 cricket season saw her achieving victories for Delhi State. Captaining the team, Delhi won the national championship for the first time in history of the women's game. She also went on to lead the North Zone team that won the Zonal championships the same year. In the T20 format, Delhi state finished as runner-up, ending the year as the "Best State Team".
Awards
Records
First Indian player to score an ODI century for India.
First captain to win a Test Series abroad. India won the test match in South Africa in 2002 under her captaincy.
First captain to win a home series 5–0 whitewash against England in India in 2002
First player to play 100 ODIs for India
First to play 6 World Cups for India (four ODI World Cups and two T20s)
Only player in modern-day cricket to have played 12 Test matches with ODI and T20s
First player to get an international appointment when she worked with Cricket South Africa women's team as a technical consultant in 2012–2013
First female sportscaster and player to commentate on men's cricket matches
Achievements
Anjum Chopra co-authored the coffee table book titled Women's Cricket World – A Journey from 1745- 2013. The book showcases the world history of the sport to its present-day under the International Cricket Council.
She has also acted in a docudrama, "Poor Cousins of Million Dollar Babies". The film received national acclaim at the Arnold Sports Film Festival in Ohio in 2011. It talks about that despite the disparities between men's and women's cricket, the girls are very happy playing the sport and enjoy the camaraderie.
To promote the game, Anjum has also participated in a reality show, Fear Factor 'Khatron ke Khiladi' season 4, aired on the Colors channel. She has also walked the ramp with leading names of the fashion industry promoting the women's game.
Anjum is a commentator/subject expert with Doordarshan and other leading news and sports channels. A sportscaster she represents women's cricket on television analysing the game from a player's perspective. She has also forayed into other sports, acting as a commentator for the World Kabaddi League in 2014 on Sony Six.
Anjum Chopra is the first woman cricketer from India to be awarded an honorary life membership of the Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC).
Television
Anjum was a participant on the reality show Fear Factor - Khatron Ke Khiladi Season 4.
References
External links
1977 births
Air India women cricketers
Delhi women cricketers
India women One Day International cricketers
India women Test cricketers
India women Twenty20 International cricketers
Indian cricket commentators
Indian women cricket captains
Indian women cricketers
Living people
Recipients of the Arjuna Award
Recipients of the Padma Shri in sports
Delhi University alumni |
3996543 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drighlington | Drighlington | Drighlington is a village and civil parish in the City of Leeds metropolitan district, West Yorkshire, England. Historically part of the West Riding of Yorkshire, the village lies 5 miles (9 km) south-west of Leeds and 4 miles (6 km) south-east of Bradford. The name of the village is often shortened to Drig. The population of the civil parish as of the 2011 census was 5,528.
The village sits in the Morley North ward of Leeds City Council and Morley and Outwood parliamentary constituency.
Etymology
The earliest mention of Drighlington is to be found in the Domesday Book of 1086, in the forms Dreslintone and Dreslingtone, followed by an attestation in 1202 in the form Drichtlington and subsequent spellings along these lines. The name comes from Old English. The first element is a personal name, whose original form is no longer clear but was probably Dryhtel, Dryhtla, or Dryhtwulf. The second element is the suffix -ingas, denoting a group of people. Thus the Dryhtlingas were a group descended from or otherwise associated with someone called Dryhtel (or the like). This group name was then compounded with the Old English word tūn ('farmstead, estate'). Thus the name once meant something like 'the settlement of the descendants of Dryhtla'.
History
The Roman road from York to Chester ran through the village and its mark may be seen in the more or less straight run from Birkenshaw to Drighlington traffic lights.
In 1576 Queen Elizabeth I granted Letters of Patent to one James Brooke allowing him to hold a market every second Thursday and two horse and cattle fairs annually. These fairs took place at the White Hart public house (now demolished).
The village is also the site of the Battle of Adwalton Moor fought on 30 June 1643 in the First English Civil War between the armies of King Charles I and the Parliamentarians. The Royalist army under the Earl of Newcastle defeated the Parliamentarians under the command of Lord Ferdinando Fairfax and his son Sir Thomas. There are four commemorative stones with plaques depicting the battle at strategic points around the common and there is an information board on the wall of the community library.
James Margetson, a native of Drighlington, built and endowed the Drighlington Free Grammar School and endowed it (1678). It was replaced in 1875 by the Drighlington Board School.
St Paul's Church was built in 1878 and the foundation stone was laid by the Lord of the Manor on 9 September 1876. It is a Grade II listed building.
Governance
Since local government changes in 1974, Drighlington has been in the City of Leeds metropolitan borough, in the metropolitan county of West Yorkshire. The village once formed part of the former Municipal Borough of Morley, and is still classed as part of Morley in the census. However, it is technically separate and is not governed by Morley Town Council. Since 2004, the village has had a parish council.
The metropolitan district includes other towns and villages with their own clear identity, such as Morley and Otley, as well as the city of Leeds. Drighlington is in the Morley North ward, which elects three councillors to Leeds City Council. Until the 2010 general election Drighlington was in the Morley and Rothwell parliamentary constituency, when it was transferred to the newly created constituency of Morley and Outwood. Drighlington has a Bradford postcode of "BD11" and the Royal Mail official address is "Drighlington, Bradford", while the village telephone numbers are "0113", the Leeds prefix.
The ecclesiastical parish of Drighlington was created in 1817. Drighlington was an urban district 1894-1937 and was part of Morley Municipal borough 1937–1974. Drighlington was part of the Bradford Registration district from 1837 to 1891 and North Bierley Registration district from 1892 to 1937.
Geography
The village is at the junction of the A58 Leeds-Halifax road and the B6135 Tong to Gildersome Street road which used to be part of the A650 Bradford to Wakefield road. This junction is known as the Drighlington Crossroads. The A650 now bypasses Drighlington to the west of the village following part of the structure of what was the Bradford to Wakefield and London Great Northern Railway line.
Culture and community
Community facilities
The village has a Scout Group, Rainbow pack and a championship level contesting brass band with youth band. There is also the Tempest Constitutional Club.
There are a small number of shops, a post office, a small library, a community centre and numerous public houses. On 21 February 2012, the library was open and run for the first time by volunteers from Friends of Drighlington Community. The village also has a Co-operative store situated in the original Co-operative buildings, with the words Drighlington Industrial Co-operative Society embossed along the roofline.
Morley, to the south-east, has numerous major high street stores in its town centre, including Morrisons and Asda, and an indoor market. The White Rose Centre, to the east, is an indoor shopping centre selling most high street brands and includes department stores and a supermarket.
Sport
Drighlington supports football, rugby league and cricket teams, including the Drighlington Amateur Rugby League Club, Adwalton Cricket Club, and Drighlington Cricket Club. There is "The Manor" golf course, a skate park, and a multi-use games area provided by the Parish Council.
Transport
The nearest railway station is Morley that is served by Northern services to Leeds, Dewsbury, Huddersfield and Manchester. The only public transport still available in the village are bus services operated by Arriva Yorkshire.
Education
The village has one school: Drighlington Primary School.
There are no secondary schools in Drighlington, however, there are three in neighbouring Morley and one in neighbouring Farnley; all of these are secular comprehensive schools.
Notable people
Andy Gillion, guitarist for the Metal band Mors Principium Est, grew up here before moving to Bristol.
See also
Listed buildings in Drighlington
References
External links
"Drighlington", Genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 27 November 2011
Drighlington Parish Council. Retrieved 27 November 2011
Google Maps: Street Map and Satellite Image
Places in Leeds
Civil parishes in West Yorkshire
Villages in West Yorkshire |
3996547 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracas | Paracas | Paracas or variation, may refer to:
Places
Paracas Peninsula, located in the Ica Region of Peru
Paracas Bay, located in the Pisco Province of the Ica Region in Peru
Paracas (municipality), the capital city of the Paracas District
Paracas District, located in the Pisco Province of the Ica Region in Peru
Paracas National Reserve
Paracas civilization
Paracas culture, an Andean society that existed in Peru between approximately 750 BC and 100 AD
Paracas Candelabra, a prehistoric geoglyph on the Paracas Peninsula
Paracas textile
Other uses
Hotel Paracas, Pisco, Peru; a luxury resort hotel
Savo Parača, president of the basketball club KK Lovćen
Nikola Parača (born 1999), basketball player on the KK Lovćen
Paraca (racehorse), winner of the 2003 Birthday Card Stakes, 2004 D.C. McKay Stakes
See also
Paracas–Arequipa–Antofalla terrain, a geological unit of the Central Andes
Nazca (disambiguation), including the post-Paracas |
3996570 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chef%20America%20Inc. | Chef America Inc. | Chef America Inc. was the manufacturer of the microwavable snack Hot Pockets.
Chef America is a former closely held corporation, which was formed in the late 1970s by two brothers, Paul and David Merage, of Colorado.
Nestlé acquired the corporation in 2002 for $2.6 billion. Hot Pockets continued to be manufactured in Englewood, Colorado, Chef America's former headquarters, until 2013, when the corporate headquarters was merged with Nestlé's frozen food corporate office in Solon, Ohio. As of 2016, all Hot Pockets were produced in Mount Sterling, Kentucky.
References
Food manufacturers of the United States
Companies based in Englewood, Colorado
Companies established in the 1970s
Food and drink companies disestablished in 2002
2002 mergers and acquisitions
Nestlé |
3996589 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20J.%20Sheridan | Michael J. Sheridan | Michael J. "Mike" Sheridan (born September 17, 1958) is an American politician who served as the 77th Speaker of the Wisconsin State Assembly. A Democrat, he represented the 44th Assembly District from 2005 to 2011. He was a member of the Committees on Rules and Assembly Organization and was elected to serve as Speaker by the Democratic caucus on November 12, 2008, following the 2008 general election in which the Democratic Party gained a majority in the Assembly.
Biography
Sheridan was born in Janesville, Wisconsin. He attended George S. Parker High School from which he graduated in 1977. He later earned his associate degree at University of Wisconsin–Rock County in 2004. Before entering politics he worked as an auto assembly worker for General Motors Janesville Assembly, during which he was an active member of the United Auto Workers Union Local 95, of which he has been president.
In March 2007, the Milwaukee Journal Sentinel reported on a bill sponsored by Sheridan and State Rep. Eugene Hahn of Cambria, Wisconsin that would offer a $1,000 tax credit for buyers of flex-fuel vehicles, representing a benefit for the automobile and ethanol industries. Hahn was reported to have an investment in an ethanol company, and Sheridan's position at the UAW was highlighted. The Janesville Gazette editorialized that the Janesville economy was dependent on the success of the GM plant, and "arguably his biggest concern. Voters expect him to fight for GM's interests at the Capitol."
In February 2010, Sheridan admitted dating a lobbyist for payday lenders at a time when the Wisconsin Legislature was debating regulating the industry. On November 2, 2010, Sheridan was defeated for reelection. In April 2014, Sheridan announced he would run for the Wisconsin State Senate seat being vacated by Tim Cullen. On August 12, 2014, Sheridan came in a weak third in the Democratic primary election, behind former Cullen aide Austin Scieszinski and the winner, State Representative Janis Ringhand.
References
External links
Sponsored bills
Mike Sheridan campaign website (archived)
Follow the Money - Michael J Sheridan
2008 2006 2004 campaign contributions
Campaign 2008 campaign contributions at Wisconsin Democracy Campaign
Members of the Wisconsin State Assembly
Speakers of the Wisconsin State Assembly
1958 births
Living people
Politicians from Janesville, Wisconsin
Wisconsin Democrats
21st-century American politicians |
5389931 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain%20energy%20density%20function | Strain energy density function | A strain energy density function or stored energy density function is a scalar valued function that relates the strain energy density of a material to the deformation gradient.
Equivalently,
where is the (two-point) deformation gradient tensor, is the right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor, is the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor,
and is the rotation tensor from the polar decomposition of .
For an anisotropic material, the strain energy density function depends implicitly on reference vectors or tensors (such as the initial orientation of fibers in a composite) that characterize internal material texture. The spatial representation, must further depend explicitly on the polar rotation tensor to provide sufficient information to convect the reference texture vectors or tensors into the spatial configuration.
For an isotropic material, consideration of the principle of material frame indifference leads to the conclusion that the strain energy density function depends only on the invariants of (or, equivalently, the invariants of since both have the same eigenvalues). In other words, the strain energy density function can be expressed uniquely in terms of the principal stretches or in terms of the invariants of the left Cauchy-Green deformation tensor or right Cauchy-Green deformation tensor and we have:
For isotropic materials,
with
For linear isotropic materials undergoing small strains, the strain energy density function specializes to
A strain energy density function is used to define a hyperelastic material by postulating that the stress in the material can be obtained by taking the derivative of with respect to the strain. For an isotropic hyperelastic material, the function relates the energy stored in an elastic material, and thus the stress–strain relationship, only to the three strain (elongation) components, thus disregarding the deformation history, heat dissipation, stress relaxation etc.
For isothermal elastic processes, the strain energy density function relates to the specific Helmholtz free energy function ,
For isentropic elastic processes, the strain energy density function relates to the internal energy function ,
Examples
Some examples of hyperelastic constitutive equations are:
Saint Venant–Kirchhoff
Neo-Hookean
Generalized Rivlin
Mooney–Rivlin
Ogden
Yeoh
Arruda–Boyce model
Gent
See also
Finite strain theory
Helmholtz and Gibbs free energy in thermoelasticity
Hyperelastic material
Ogden–Roxburgh model
References
Continuum mechanics
Rubber properties
Solid mechanics
ja:ひずみエネルギー |
5389955 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Favaloro%20University | Favaloro University | The Favaloro University () is a private university in the city of Buenos Aires in Argentina. It was founded by surgeon René Favaloro in 1992; it obtained its definitive authorization on October 23, 2003 by decree 963/03 of president Néstor Kirchner. Favaloro did not see his project completely realised, for he committed suicide a few years before completion.
Introduction
The origin of the institution is based in a research center. The university hospital and the University followed a natural development to complement and integrate several areas in the biomedical spectrum. The Research and Development Board (CID) ensures the progress of scientific research and technological development at the Favaloro University, deciding on the principal research orientations and supervising the coherence of scientific policy, particularly regarding the creation of laboratories and research programs. It also establishes the principles and dictates the evaluation mechanisms of research quality and investigator performance.
Research at the Favaloro University is organized in research projects. These projects are under the direction of one or more investigators who are directly responsible for the development of the action plan in the established period. The specific objectives of the relationship between the Research and Development Board and the departmental structure of the Favaloro University are the articulation of the Departments, the Faculty of Medical Sciences, the Faculty of Engineering and Exact and Natural Sciences and the Institute of Cardiology and Cardiovascular Surgery in connection with the research projects. Also, to stimulate teaching activity of the researchers, to promote the research projects coordinated by one or more Departments with the hospital.
Several research activities include surgical experiences with different animals. There are two operating and experimental rooms covering 90m2 equipped with technology for animal instrumentation and experimentation. There is an animal house with a covered area of 432m2 and one computer lab for signal processing and another for hardware development. Other equipments are available including operating tables, anesthesia equipment, monitors, ecography, sonomicrometers, oscilloscopes, defibrillators, PC computers with acquisition systems, respirators, infusion pumps, extracorporeal pump, doppler velocimeter, digital viscometer, oximeters, invasive pressure, diameter and flow velocity transducers. For studies in patients, there is a room for clinical studies in the Hypertension Section of the Favaloro Foundation.
This essential background allows the students to interact directly with the researchers and the medical equipment, not only for research purposes but for clinical training in the operation of new technologies present in the hospital. Finally, the entire faculty is instructed to encourage the future biomedical engineers to interact directly with the hospital environment to ease their future integration in this area.
History
In the beginning, René Favaloro did his medical practice in the Sanatorio Güemes. Later, he realized that an investigation group of his own was necessary. In 1974 he commended Dr. Ricardo Pichel (current Favaloro University rector) for the birth and development of this new area. In 1978, the Newspapers & Magazines Distributors Society (SDDRA) made possible the beginning of investigation and teaching activities. For many years, Favaloro financed investigation costs with his own resources. In 1980 the Teaching and Investigation Department of Favaloro University was founded with Pichel in the lead. Later that year in the Favaloro Foundation, with the collaboration with Willem Kolff in the Artificial Organs Department at the University of Utah, the first artificial heart was implanted in a calf. Between 1980 and 1982 sixteen more hearts were implanted in calves.
At the same time Dr. Peter Willshaw, a Favaloro Foundation investigator, developed (in collaboration with the University of Utah) a measuring device called COMDU (Cardiac Output Monitoring and Diagnostic Unit) which improved artificial heart flux measurement. This device was then used worldwide for investigation and development purposes.
The artificial heart project was then abandoned due to excessive costs. Nevertheless, the acquired equipment made many basic investigation lines in chronically instrumented animals possible, thus an ideal methodology to study the circulatory system. Months later Drs. Alberto Crotoggini, Juan Barra, Pichel and Willshaw made important contributions to the comprehension of heart and circulatory system mechanisms. The agreement signed with California University in 1983 meant a big improvement in ventricular function investigations. That same year Biology Graduates Jorge Negroni and Elena Lascano joined the investigation field and started their work in mathematical models for cardiac function comprehension next to Dr. Edmundo Cabrera Fischer, in charge of arterial function physiology.
Favaloro always supported and collaborated with investigators. He was convinced that without investigation (specifically basic investigation) further development in medicine was impossible: With this idea in mind the Department of Teaching and Investigation and the Division of Basic Investigation turned into the University Institute of Biomedical Sciences and the Institute of Basic Science Investigations, respectively.
Nowadays, the major part of teaching and investigation activities of the Favaloro Foundation is done in the Favaloro University.
Highlights
The major highlights of the university are:
Permanent interaction between the hospital, the faculties and the research center.
Continuous formation (graduate, master and doctorate).
Research, management and development internships.
A reduced number of students in each course.
Special attention to basic sciences.
Most of the professors contribute as researcher or developers in the institution.
Teaching through technology.
Scientific and technical development
As a complement to the academic structure, Favaloro University has created a specialized group for technical developments called i2b. This group interacts between the basic sciences in the university and the prototype design for future final equipments. Some of their principal projects are detailed below.
Numeric simulation
In this analytic area, the main objectives are to simulate differential equations to find the flow movement in rigid and non-rigid tubes solution. Different advanced techniques, including finite elements algorithms, are being designed to fulfill the computational requirements. CFD (computational fluid dynamics) software is being used to model stent patency after surgical instrumentation in coronary patients.
Digital signal processing
The main objective is to develop equipment involving digital signal processing. Includes signal acquisition, signal conditioning, software development, microcontrollers (PIC, Motorola series) programming, Real time signal processing using digital signal processor (DSP) and Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA, Altera MAX+PLUS). Signal communication USB, RS232 and digital filters implementation
Imaging processing
The main concerns were focused in echographic images. The automatic non-invasive IMT determination and the diameter evolution of superficial arteries, over different maneuvers, were extensively developed. The whole acquisition system was designed and implemented to be echography-model-independent. Moreover, endothelium studies were performed using this approach. The most recent algorithms include the wavelet transform to study atherosclerotic plaque composition.
Cardiovascular modeling
The main interest is to develop new models that describe the cardiovascular system, including arterial mechanics, ventricular coupling, pulmonary/systemic circulation studies, under pathological states as hypertension. To this end, the multidisciplinary team integrates the physiologic concepts with the most advanced mathematical algorithms.
Bioinformatics
The epidemiologic study of great populations deserves a special statistical analysis. The patients’ database and its associated software are designed and customize to study precisely cardiovascular pathologies and diseases in our hospital. This group concentrates the database design and the networks interconnection between different sections in the university, the hospital and the research center. Different PACS are planned to be designed and installed in the near future to unify the patient clinic history.
Signals, systems and control
Mathematics applied to biomedical engineering. Analysis of blood cells concentrations as long-memory stochastic process, and fractal characteristics. Heart rate variability studies. Wavelet analysis. Automatic detection of epileptic activity in electroencephalograms using wavelets. Analysis of cell migration in the central nervous system. Nonlinear control of HIV in blood
Application of field theory methods to other branches of physics and other sciences
Due to its relation with the most intimate aspects of matter, field theory is the closest branch of theoretical physics to the frontiers of knowledge. Formalisms and other powerful mathematical methods have been developed, in order to solve its problems. The project consists on the application of such formalisms to other branches of physics and, eventually, to other sciences.
Faculties
Faculty of Engineering and Exact and Natural Sciences
Faculty of Medical Sciences
Faculty of Post-Graduate Studies
Degrees
Faculty of Engineering and Exact and Natural Sciences
Biology
Bachelor in Engineering Sciences (BES) is a three-year course devoted to basic sciences, mainly to computing, electronics, mathematics and physics. Students qualify as Bachelors in engineering sciences. This academic level encourages the student to participate as assistant in research and development projects. It is a prerequisite to continuing with anyone of the three branches: Biomedical, Medical Physics and Computer Engineering.
Higher studies cycle
To complete the students development as engineers, three branches are proposed, focusing in the most modern and encouraging domains present in biomedical world. After completing the bachelor's degree, a two-year course is planned to complete the grade degree.
Since hospitals and health care in general are moving into computerization and almost all university doctors — certainly all young doctors — are increasingly computer literate, the opportunities for medical engineers are becoming widespread and significant. Generally, the field has focused on topics, such as image processing, the electronic patient record, equipment development, the semantics of medical terminology, the interpretation of patient data, the security of patient, model creation, simulation and so on.
The aim of the university is to equip students with sufficient knowledge of and insight into the fields of medicine, health care, computing science, physics, electronics and mathematics, divided in three main branches.
Biomedical Engineering (BME)
Medical Physics Engineering (MPE)
Faculty of Medical Sciences
Medicine
Kinesiology and Physiatry
Nursery
Psychology
Faculty of Post-Graduate studies
Careers and courses
Distance careers and courses
IEEE Student Branch
Actual configuration
References
External links
Official site (Spanish)
Favaloro Foundation (English)
Fundación Favaloro (Epañol)
Private universities in Argentina
Universities in Buenos Aires Province |
5389978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epson%20R-D1 | Epson R-D1 | The original R-D1, announced by Epson in March 2004 and discontinued in 2007, was the first digital rangefinder camera. Subsequently, three modifications of the original R-D1 were produced - R-D1s, R-D1x, and R-D1xG.
R-D1
R-D1 was jointly developed by Seiko Epson and Cosina and manufactured by the latter, which also builds the current Voigtländer cameras. It uses Leica M-mount lenses or earlier Leica screw mount lenses with an adapter.
An unusual feature to note on the R-D1 is that it is a digital camera that has a manually wound shutter with a rapid wind lever. The controls operate in the same way as film-based rangefinder cameras.
Data such as white balance, shutter speed, picture quality, and shots remaining are all displayed with servo driven indicators on a dial like a watch face (made by Epson's parent company Seiko). With the rear screen folded away, it is not obviously a digital camera.
R-D1 and all of the subsequent modifications of the camera have been using the same 1.5x crop factor sensor, interline-transfer CCD (Sony ICX413AQ). The same sensor as used in Pentax *ist D, Nikon D100. Sensor originally dates to 2002.
R-D1s
The successor of R-D1, the R-D1s was released in March 2006. The Epson R-D1s is mechanically identical to the R-D1, but with a firmware upgrade. It adds:
JPEG+RAW mode
Quick view function
Adobe RGB mode
Noise reduction for long exposures
Users of R-D1 could upgrade their camera to have the same functions.
R-D1x
The successors of the R-D1s, the R-D1x and R-D1xG were made available from 9 April 2009 in Japan only. They feature very similar feature set except for few modifications:
Larger 2.5" LCD display (vs 2" in the previous model) but with the same resolution - 235K
LCD is no longer articulated and cannot be closed
Support of SDHC memory cards which increased max. capacity to 32 GB (vs. 2 GB for previous models)
Improvements in accessibility of rangefinder adjustment
R-D1xG model also includes removable grip
On 17 March 2014, Epson announced that the R-D1x is discontinued.
References
External links
Epson R-D1: A field test, The Luminous Landscape
covering history, owner issues, FAQ, accessories, and Rich Cutler's information
R-D1 specific forum on Rangefinderforum.com
Digital rangefinder cameras
R-D1 |
5389988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20United%20Hospital | Royal United Hospital | The Royal United Hospital (RUH) is a major acute-care hospital in the Weston suburb of Bath, England, which lies approximately west of the city centre. The hospital has 565 beds and occupies a site. It is the area's major accident and emergency hospital, with a helicopter landing point on the adjacent Lansdown Cricket Club field. The hospital is operated by the Royal United Hospitals Bath NHS Foundation Trust.
History
Founding
The Royal United Hospital takes its name from the union of the Bath Casualty Hospital founded in 1788, and the Bath City Dispensary and Infirmary founded in 1792. The Casualty Hospital was founded in response to the serious injuries sustained to labourers working on the buildings which were being constructed in the city. The Dispensary and Infirmary developed from the Bath Pauper Scheme, a charity founded in 1747 to provide medical treatment for destitute persons in Bath.
The combined institution opened in a building designed by John Pinch the elder in Beau Street as the Bath United Hospital in 1826. It was awarded the title "Royal" by Queen Victoria in 1864 when a new wing, named the Albert Wing after the recently deceased Prince Consort, opened. This building was later occupied by Bath College.
Combe Park site
The hospital moved to its present site, Combe Park, on 11 December 1932. The site had previously been used for the large First World War Bath War Hospital, which opened in 1916. In November 1919, it was renamed the Bath Ministry of Pensions Hospital, which it remained until it closed in 1929.
The site was also used by the Forbes Fraser Hospital and the Bath and Wessex Orthopaedic Hospital, both founded in 1924 and which merged into the RUH about 1980. The former manor house on the site, originally medieval but remodelled in the 18th century, became an administrative building. The building is a Grade II* listed building due to its fine Adam style interior.
In 1959, the hospital absorbed the Ear Nose and Throat Hospital and in 1973, the Bath Eye Infirmary, both located elsewhere in Bath.
In July 2011, the Dyson Centre for neonatal care opened for premature babies. Over half of the £6.1million cost was raised by the hospital's charity, the Forever Friends Appeal.
2014 redevelopment
In 2008, plans were revealed for a £100M redevelopment of the pre-Second World War RUH North buildings, which would include an increase in single-occupancy rooms in line with Government targets. In 2014, a five-year £110M development plan was confirmed; it included a new cancer centre, pharmacy, integrated therapies unit, pathology block, IT centre and 400 extra public car parking spaces.
Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases
In 2015 and 2016, some services were transferred from the Royal National Hospital for Rheumatic Diseases to the RUH, including endoscopy and children's services, following that hospital's takeover by the RUH Trust. Construction started on a dedicated building at the RUH site in November 2017. The last rheumatic diseases services were transferred to the RUH site in autumn 2019.
Sulis Hospital, Peasedown
Sulis Hospital at Peasedown St John, about south of the Combe Park site, provides both NHS and privately-funded treatment and operates as a subsidiary of the RUH. The hospital was built in 2010 by Circle Health and bought by the NHS in 2021.
Services
The hospital provides acute treatment and care (including Accident & Emergency) for a catchment population of around 500,000 people in Bath and the surrounding towns and villages in North East Somerset and west Wiltshire. The hospital provides healthcare to the population served by three clinical commissioning groups (CCG): Bath and North East Somerset, Swindon and Wiltshire CCG; Bristol, North Somerset and South Gloucestershire CCG; and Somerset CCG.
The Avon and Wiltshire Mental Health Partnership offers services at Hillview Lodge on the north of the site and at Bath NHS House to the south of the site.
See also
Healthcare in Somerset
List of hospitals in England
References
External links
Medical Heritage — RUH Bath
Hospital buildings completed in 1826
Hospitals established in 1932
NHS hospitals in England
Hospitals in Somerset
Buildings and structures in Bath, Somerset
1826 establishments in England |
3996599 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20FLCL%20characters | List of FLCL characters | The central characters in FLCL (also known as Fooly Cooly), a 2000 Japanese anime produced by Gainax and Production I.G, with two additional seasons released in 2018. The first season covers the story of a sixth grade student named Naota Nandaba whose life is greatly changed after he is run over by the mysterious alien troublemaker Haruko Haruhara. The second season covers the story of a seventh grade student named Hidomi Hibajiri whose life Haruko also intrudes.
Main characters
Haruko Haruhara
, her actual name , is the mysterious pink-haired alien who is the central character in the FLCL series and serves as the antagonistic catalyst for the abnormal events within the series, her goals mostly unknown save her obsessive desire to have Atomsk by absorbing him. She is an energetic and unpredictably reckless sociopath who is nicknamed "Vespa Woman" for riding a sunglow Piaggio Vespa SS 180, claiming to be 19 and later 16 despite Mamimi's observation that she is 20. Haruko is usually seen carrying a midnight blue left-handed Rickenbacker bass guitar model 4001. She displays knowledge of guitar types & American classic rock. Her Rickenbacker is modified to fire bullets together with axe and rocket launcher modes. Haruko can also use it to fly and open N.O. Channels. In the manga, she also uses a cut off rifle similar to Mare's leg. Haruko also has the ability to hypnotize weak-minded people into compiling to her demands or believing anything she wants, such as having someone believe a bad drawing to be a photograph of a fabricated experience.
During the first season of FLCL, having come to the planet years before and having a history with Amarao, a deemed failure to her expectations, Haruko arrives to Earth under the cover of an investigator for the Galactic Space Patrol Brotherhood to find a human with N.O. abilities to help her retrieve Atomsk from the clutches of Medical Mechanica. She eventually finds Naota and established the channel by hitting him with her guitar, moving into his household as a maid to keep tabs on him while her constant presence endangers him and others on a daily basis. Haruko has connections to the Nandaba family cat, Miyu Miyu, who serves as a "walkie talkie" to her superiors. The cat does not speak (besides its "meows" and grunts) but it is obvious that Haruko is getting some kind of reply, as her conversations with Miyu Miyu indicate. With even Amarao unaware of her full intentions, assuming Atomsk is a former lover, Haruko's played with Naota's feelings while endangering the Earth as part of her plan for Atomsk to fully manifest. But the plan backfires when Atomsk made Naota his host, with a furious Haruko attacking the boy before being incapacitated long enough for Atomsk to escape in the universe. Haruko appeared to forgive Naota in the aftermath while tenderly offering him to join her in tracking down Atomsk before retracting the offer, leaving her guitar behind and taking the double-necked guitar/bass that Naota created while harnessing Atomsk's power as her own. At the end of the manga adaptation, a character identical to Haruko appears from Naota's forehead and introduces herself as Haruha Raharu's boss Superior Raharu, hinting that Haruko is actually on the run from the Galactic Space Patrol Brotherhood.
Between the events of the first season and FLCL Progressive, as depicted in the latter's credits, Haruko manages to briefly absorb Atomsk years after leaving Naota. But the experience causes a part of Haruko's being to split off from her while losing Atomsk. The ordeal changed her hair orange while keeping the Gibson EB-0 component of Naota's double-necked guitar/bass, though Haruko remains adamant to capture Atomsk all over again. Returning to Earth under the guise of a homeroom teacher in Hidomi's school, Haruko uses the girl's classmate Ko Ide to weed out Hidomi as her target while being opposed by her discarded fragment in the form of Julia Jinyu. Haruko eventually devours Julia, restoring her original hair color, and focuses her full attention on a defiant Hidomi whom she provokes into attacking her just as Atomsk approaches Earth. Regaining her original guitar while continuing her fight with Hidomi, Haruko manages to absorb Atomsk before he and a possessed Julia separate from her as she emotionally breaks down from failing again. But Haruko quickly recovers from her loss and resumes her hunt for Atomsk.
Haruko reappears in FLCL Alternative, marking a slight departure from her usual intentions. Still representing the Galactic Space Patrol Brotherhood, Haruko has turned her focus away from Atomsk and directly antagonizes Medical Mechanica's endgame, entering Kana Koumoto's life to gauge the potential of her latent N.O. powers. From Kana's forehead she acquires a red 1968 model Fender Mustang, and she is not seen until the finale riding her signature Vespa SS 180, which is left in the care of noodle chef and occasional accomplice Dennis Yoga. Haruko aids and instigates Kana and her friends throughout the season, and is shown to have had a previous relationship with Tsukata Kanda of Interstellar Immigration, before having moved on when she was underwhelmed by his N.O. potential. Nonetheless, they team up in the finale "Full Flat".
Haruko was ultimately sucked through the "Naked Focal Point", a giant wormhole opened by Kana unleashing her full power to end Medical Mechanica's apocalypse event. In the credits she is seen alongside her Vespa in an unknown location, possibly Mars.
Naota Nandaba
, is the 12-year old protagonist of the first season. His name is derived from the Japanese word for "honesty". Unbeknownst to him, he has the "right kind of head" to be used as an N.O. channel, form of dimensional energy that seems to manifest through hormonal influxes.
Slightly wise beyond his years and heavily critical of others around him, Naota is cynical, obsessed with appearing mature and devoutly acts nonchalant. This is most expressed in his monologues which open and close each episode where he continues to claim that "nothing amazing ever happens here - everything is ordinary" despite the show's surreal and often absurd happenings. His attitude is largely reserved and bitter, though he can be somewhat smug and content at times. Naota idolizes his older brother Tasuku, carrying around Tasuku's baseball bat, and even hanging out with Tasuku's old girlfriend Mamimi. In Naota's mind, Tasuku is the epitome of what it means to be an adult, as opposed to the other adults in his life (e.g. his father, his grandfather, and his teacher) who he perceives as being immature. Much like Amarao, Naota is picky about his drinks (disliking drinks which are sour or bitter) and hates spicy foods, and shares an intimate bond with Haruko. This being said, Amarao and Naota's childhoods nearly mirror each other.
While initially bothered by Haruko's presence as she provided him with a Gibson Flying V from his N.O. Channel, Naota begins to develops a crush on her, which overlaps with his initial crush on Mamimi. He embraces her with a kiss in the final episode, and prior to that breaks down and cries while hugging her after she had returned from leaving without notice. Despite this, when his chance to be with her comes, he chooses to let her go and not follow her while keeping her Rickenbacker 4001 after she took the double-necked guitar/bass he created from his Gibson Flying V and Atomsk's Gibson EB-0.
Hidomi Hibajiri
is the nihilistic 14-year old protagonist of season two, FLCL Progressive. While sharing Naota's outlook on Mabase, Hidomi frequently has morbid dreams of herself as a corpse and dying in horrific ways with her more perky subconsciousness as the narrator. She also wears a set of cat ear headphones which Julia Jinyu recognizes to be an inhibition device created by Medical Mechanica that protects her from both her own power and Haruko's mind altering abilities. The headphones' LED lights change from blue to red whenever she is about to "overflow", making her targeted by Haruko as a result. Haruko's attempt to have the headphones removed activates its security lock mode, drilling itself into Hidomi's skull to prevent removal and causing her to manifest the traits of her subconsciousness as a result of radiowaves from an active Medical Mechanica factory. Once the factory is destroyed, gaining glimpses of Haruko's attempt to contain Atomsk and her intent with that power, Hidomi refuses to help as she became a different person to the point that her dreams are no longer morbid in nature. The actions caused by Haruko that result in Ide being a casualty provoke Hidomi into attacking her, with Hidomi eventually reunited with Ide as they begin their relationship in the season epilogue.
Kana Koumoto
(Japanese); Megan Harvey (English)
is the 17-year old protagonist of season three, FLCL Alternative. She is a noisy airhead who works part-time at a restaurant and hangs with her friends, Mossan, Hijiri and Pets in what was an unremarkable time until she crossed paths with Haruko who opened her N.O. Channel.
Canti
is a medical robot with what looks like a television set for a head. He was manufactured by Medical Mechanica, but he is possessed by Atomsk during his escape attempt and ends up traveling to Earth via Naota's N.O. Channel. Haruko's act of breaking the back of the robot's head causes Atomsk to reside within the robot ending up in the service of the Nandaba Family and doing Haruko's work, fetching things like drinks and porno magazines for Shigekuni. In the latter case, a conscientious attempt to satisfy Shigekuni's request, the manga states the robot would spend three hours at a time looking through "perverted magazines" which gave the impression that he likes porn. When Mamimi first saw the robot while he was wearing a halo and wings, believing him to be a god due to his angelic appearance, she named him "Canti" after "Cantido, the Lord of Black Flames" in the video game she plays.
Despite his appearance, Canti expresses human-like emotions as he feels embarrassed about his broken head (where Haruko hit him) and spends his free time finding the pieces to glue back together while wearing a box. He is also extremely polite, extending a helping hand to Lieutenant Kitsurubami even after she attempted to destroy him which thoroughly charms her. Apparently, he can also eat curry with his "mouth" (which is just a grille), but it is never really explained how.
As Canti still contains a fragment of Atomsk, he can be possessed by the being and proceed to "eat" Naota to gradually complete being transferred to Earth. Atomsk's symbol appears on Canti's screen when he absorbs Naota; the symbol is a corruption of the kanji characters for . This symbol also appears on him when Naota "swings the bat" in "Full Swing". When Naota is absorbed, Canti's physical strength is increased and he gains the ability to transform into an antitank gun, called the "Overdrive Technique" in the manga, that fires Naota's essence in the form of a liquid bullet that returns to the gun after being fired. When first synchronized with Naota, Naota fully connects with Canti through a plug that goes in his eye instead of a screw-in light bulb in the back of his head (broken off in episode one). In the final episode of the first season, his monitor displaying the characters for
instead at the time, Canti is revealed to be a component piece of the Medical Mechanica's Terminal Core and used by both the organization to power their doomsday device and Haruko to complete Atomsk's arrival to Earth.
Remaining with the Nandaba Family, Canti eventually shuts down and ends up in the possession of the Interstellar Immigration Bureau prior to the events of FLCL Progressive in their attempt to reverse-engineer N.O. powered technology. However, the robot is eventually discarded and sent to the organization's space base, his severed head coming back to life as a dog-like creature as the result of Atomsk's arrival to Earth while ingesting Ide's being. Possessed by Atomsk, Canti eventually releases the entity and Ide. Canti becomes a maid at Hidomi's café as revealed in the season epilogue.
While he doesn't appear in FLCL Alternative, multiple combat robots modeled after Canti were sent after the protagonists in the final episode.
Ko Ide
, Hidomi's classmate resembling Naota who became Haruko's ideal pawn in confirming Hidomi as her target, opening his N.O. Channel as the youth bragged to his classmates about her giving him special treatment. Ide eventually realizes he has feelings for Hidomi, using his power to oppose Haruko and later fights her using Naota's Gibson Flying V which he acquired from Julia. Ide ends up being affected by Hidomi's N.O. Channel, turning him into a balloon person that was later ground up by the Interstellar Immigration Bureau's space base and fed to Canti. This resulted in Ide being held within Canti's restored body before being released and restored to his former self.
Atomsk
, also known as the due his N.O. channel enabling him to steal entire star systems, is an enigmatic energy being in the form of a phoenix-like creature with a nose ring identical to the metal Ring on Haruko's bracelet that allows her to detect Atomsk's presence. Atomsk's power to manipulate space made him sought by both Haruko and Medical Mechanica, the latter having successfully captured him before the events of the first season. Atomsk's bass guitar is a 1961 Gibson EB-0. Amarao assumed that Atomsk was a humanoid male figure with fiery red hair and that he was Haruko's lover by the way she spoke of him, but, in actuality, Haruko's goal was to devour Atomsk and take his power for her own use.
During the first season, Haruko searched for an ideal human whose N.O. Channel was great enough to enable Atomsk's escape from Medical Mechanica. This led her to Naota, though Atomsk's arrival is incomplete since he is sealed within Canti and possesses the robot to ingest Naota to manifest his power to fight the Medical Mechanica robots sent after him. While Haruko planned Atomsk's full appearance on Earth by allowing Medical Mechanica's doomsday scheme to occur, it ended up with Atomsk using Naota as a host body to fight a furious Haruko using both his guitar and Naota's before combining them for the death blow. But the fight ends abruptly when Naota releases the being while kissing a surprised Haruko after confessing his love for her. Atomsk then leaves Earth while damaging the Medical Mechanica plant, with Haruko chasing after him.
As revealed in the credits of FLCL Progressive, taking place between it and the first season, Atomsk is later found and absorbed by Haruko for the brief moment that resulted in the creation of Julia Jinyu, who attempted to keep him free from Haruko and Medical Mechanica before she was defeated and eaten by the former. While not making a direct appearance, Atomsk appears in one of Hidomi Hibajiri's dreams, alluding a connection between the two. Atomsk eventually returns to Earth to reclaim his guitar as a maddened Hidomi battles Haruko, first possessing Canti and then Julia before flying off.
Atomsk is named after the novel Atomsk by Carmichael Smith (a pseudonym of Paul Myron Anthony Linebarger, better known as Cordwainer Smith). In the director commentary on the third DVD, the director states that he is unsure as to how it's really pronounced (in the English version of FLCL, it is pronounced "atomisk").
Medical Mechanica
is a mysterious organization that serves as a secondary antagonist in the FLCL series, being of alien origin like Haruko and seeking Atomsk's power for their own agenda. Having placed a Clothes iron-like factory on Mabase, its bottom outfitted with a laser cannon, Medical Mechanica's goal is said to be ironing out the wrinkles in both a figurative sense and as a literally means of terraforming. During the first season, the Interstellar Immigration Bureau having peacefully prevented their actions prior, Medical Mechanica is provoked into attacking Earth by sending its robots to the planet through Naota's N.O. channel as Haruko uses it to gradually steal Atomsk from them. But their attack ends when Naota released Atomsk and the being damaged the factory before leaving. In FLCL Progressive, traces of their presence on Earth are still seen, Medical Mechanica is revealed to have developed the earphones Hidomi wears as Haruko's actions once more cause conflict between it and the Interstellar Immigration Bureau.
Original FLCL characters
Mamimi Samejima
is a 17-year old truant high school student with a quixotical grip on reality who carries a camera and smokes more of the time, hinted to have been bullied at her school and apparently from a broken family as her parents are mentioned are separated or are out of her life. She was originally Tasuku's girlfriend since he saved her from an elementary school fire, which she apparently caused due to her pyromaniacal tendencies to burn things she hates like her old school. It became a ritualistic practice for her in worshipping her personal deity Cantido whom she considered Canti an incarnation of. While Mamimi conceals her destructive nature, her aura of benign morbidness does make her an outcast in the eyes of others, save Naota who had a crush on her. Most characters refer to Mamimi simply as Mamimi, but Naota's friends refer to her as "Naota's wife", and Haruko calls her "Sameji", a shortening of her last name. Amarao refers to her as "that high school girl".
Her relationship with Tasuku was ultimately based on caring for those who are dependent on her, having a habit of naming things "Takkun" like a black kitten, and leaving them the moment that they show any independence. Mamimi entered a sort of relationship with Naota as a means of coping with Tasuku having left for America and getting a new girlfriend, calling him "Takkun" before he realized she was using him and emotionally explodes about her using him as a consolation prize during the events of Brittle Bullet while vowing to win her love. But a disillusioned Mamimi instead found a Medical Mechanica terminal core which she named "Takkun", used it to enact retribution against those who have wronged her by feeding it her classmates' cellular phones and motorbikes before it goes berserk while enacting its program. It is revealed that Mamimi, unable to return Naota's feelings despite having a genuine affection for him, leaves Mabase to become a professional photographer, assuming they remain friends.
Commander Amarao
Commander works for the Department of Interstellar Immigration, a middle man for negotiations between the government and Medical Mechanica while seeing Haruko as a legit threat for provoking Medical Mechanica into attacking Earth. Having a history with Haruko, who used him like Naota before abandoning him for not living up to her standards as his portals are small, Amarao wears fake eyebrows made of nori that appear to negate his N.O. channel alongside sweets. But he is revealed to have no eyebrows with Haruko mocking him by claiming them to cover up his apparent lack of masculinity. His vehicle of choice is a Fuji Rabbit, a motor scooter which was initially produced in 1946 six months prior to the initial production of the Vespa, hinting traces Haruko's effect on him in his youth.
Amarao first appears in the fourth episode of the series to covertly warn Naota of Haruko and her intentions, giving viewers the impression that he is virtually an omniscient character with his dispensing of background information and fairly accurate predictions. But subsequent events would reveal him to be an extremely weak and very shortsighted man despite seeming to grasp what is happening better than most, having a hint of jealously over Haruko's preference of Naota over him despite knowing her intentions for him and knowing he needs to stop her from endangering Earth with her antics to the point of ordering an attempted assassination of Canti which led to him being confronted by Haruko in all-out gunfight before Medical Mechanica's giant robot appeared. Ultimately, unable to convince Naota, Amarao could only watch the climax unfold before seeing Atomsk fully manifest. In the manga, Amarao's role is greatly diminished but had an important role in visiting Shigekuni and revealed what he knows of the N.O. channel to him.
Lieutenant Kitsurubami
Lieutenant is an attractive young woman and Amarao's second in command in the Interstellar Immigration Bureau, often seen either giving out vital mission data or on the field. Despite Amarao's flirting advances, respecting her superior despite being weirded out by his false eyebrows, Kitsurubami prefers to keep their relationship strictly professional. She also seems to become smitten with Canti, despite her initial attempt of destroying him with an anti-tank rifle while incorrectly calling him a "cyborg". Kitsurubami is also shown to suffer chronic nose bleeds whenever witnessing Naota's N.O. manifestations from his head, though these scenes might be played for comedic effect.
Kitsurubami is named after a light brown traditional Japanese color, which happens to be the color of her skin. Thus, her name could be interpreted as "Lieutenant Brown", although the color Kitsurubami is not the common "brown". She appears to be the only "normal" (or mature) adult in FLCL; however, her apparent dislike of close contact with others adds an element of childishness to her character.
Junko Miyaji
is Naota's eccentric sixth grade teacher. Her students have given her the nickname "Miya-Jun". She seems to be constantly troubled by the shallower problems which Naota seems to create, such as the destruction of her car (which happens twice over the course of the series) or the terrible interruption of a lesson. Even on 'normal' days, however, she is pathetically inept: her attempt to teach chopstick usage to a generation of students raised on sporks ends with the revelation that she is unable to use them herself.
She can be viewed as symbolic of the ineffectiveness of educational institutions imparting any truly important or useful knowledge: Naota constantly characterizes the adults around him as "unable to grow-up". In his mind, Miya-Jun's inability to act like a normal adult (similar to his father, grandfather, Ninamori's father, Amarao, and many others) confirms his theory. Adults like her are contradictions in Naota's life; he wants to become an adult, but the adults around him don't act like adults at all.
Kamon Nandaba
, 47, is Naota's father, a former pop culture journalist working as a freelance writer, with his own trashy tabloid: "Kamon-Mabase" (the title is a pun on "Come on, Mabase"). Compared to the other adults in FLCL, Kamon is the most extremely immature yet shows a surprising amount of seriousness and thoughtfulness. He also makes the most references to pop culture: EVA, "Monkey-sensei" (referring to the creator of the series Lupin III), Hamtaro, Mobile Suit Gundam, and MTV to name a few.
Kamon has taken a liking to Haruko when she moved in as their family's housekeeper, but she only wants to use him as a potential N.O. portal before deeming him useless to her needs and places him in a deathlike coma while replacing him with a robot double to putter around the house. Naota, believing his father and Haruko are sleeping together, eventually learns the truth when he indirectly deactivated the robot and found the real Kamon whom he revived by being hydrated in their bathtub. Despite this ordeal, Kamon continued to obsess over Haruko to the point of challenging Naota to a paintball gunfight which he lost.
In the manga, the Kamon's robot double is absent and Naota ends up murdering Kamon over the misunderstanding.
Shigekuni Nandaba
is Naota's grandfather and Kamon's father. He owns the family bakery and coaches the local baseball team, the Mabase Martians. He has a grudge against Mamimi for unspecified reasons, but it is suggested that he didn't approve of Tasuku dating her. Shigekuni values baseball more than anything in the world — he is disappointed in his own son and younger grandson because they are lousy baseball players. He does not defend Naota as the other players mock him, because he holds too much pride for Tasuku. He enjoys taking advantage of Canti as much as Kamon does. He has an affinity for pornography. In the first episode, he mistakes "furi kuri" with "kuri kuri," a sound effect often used to describe any twisting motion, often breasts or nipples.
Tasuku Nandaba
, who is 17 years old at the beginning of the series (current age unknown), is Naota's older brother who moved to America to play baseball. Mamimi believes that, since Tasuku saved her from the fire at their old elementary school, he likes her and it is continually suggested that Naota serves as a sort of stand-in for his older brother (most explicitly by Mamimi's use of the same nickname for both). The actual depth of their initial relationship is unknown. In "FLCLimax", she seems to have lost hope in him, allowing the destruction of her mobile phone just seconds after looking at his number on a screen. In the first episode, Naota receives a postcard from Tasuku, revealing that he now has an American girlfriend.
Although he never actually appears on screen, he is very significant to the storyline. As the former star of the baseball team, Naota idolizes him, but is afraid of not living up to his brother's legacy, and because of this never swings the bat when at the plate.
There are examples of scenes in which Naota yells out "Tasuk--"; the Japanese audience, at first assuming that he will exclaim, "Tasukete" (Help me!), may be surprised when he instead says, "Tasuku", the name of his older brother. Naota says in the first episode that, for a moment, Haruko resembled Tasuku.
Eri Ninamori
, 12, is Naota's classmate. In the series, she is referred to by her last name. She is the daughter of the mayor of Mabase and is class president. She projects herself as a proper and slightly stuck-up cynic with good grades while concealing personal information to an almost obsessive degree; like needing corrective lenses, instead wearing contacts while at school. Even with her class president status, however, Ninamori is not above breaking the rules to get what she wants. When news of her father's affair with his secretary is made public with the possibility of her parents getting a divorce, Ninamori rigged the classroom ballots to get the lead role in a Puss in Boots play while having Naota cast as the titular character to his dismay. She is ultimately revealed to have a slight crush on Naota, further hinted by her dislike towards Mamimi and later Haruko.
Ninamori has N.O. powers as well, though a temporary effect of Naota head-butting her as a result of Haruko's antics sending him flying towards her.
In this instance, an cephalopod-like Medical Mechanica robot which first appeared on Naota's head as cat ears transferred itself over to Ninamori at the time it begins to gradually manifest while using her body as a both a weapon and shield in its attempt to capture Canti before it finally emerged after ingesting curry and is destroyed. In the manga, the robot's role is lessened as more of a minor support character in helping Ninamori save Naota from an angered Haruko.
Gaku Manabe
, age 12, is another one of Naota's classmates and close friends and is obsessed with kissing and other things of sexual behaviour. In episode three, "Marquis de Carabas", he plays the part of a mouse in the school play. Gaku also uses the word "chu" constantly, especially when referring to Haruko. This is a pun in Japanese, because "chu" is the Japanese onomatopoeia for both kissing and the sound a mouse makes. In the English version, "chu" is replaced with "smooch" to make more sense to English speaking audiences. He's somewhat hyper (compared to the bored composure of his friends) and is usually seen with Masashi. He is an encyclopedia of bizarre rumors and legends, many of which are sexual in nature. He consistently refers to Mamimi as Naota's "wife", and Haruko as the "kiss-kiss" girl, likely due to her lewd behavior around Naota.
Masashi Masamune
, age 13, is yet another of Naota's classmates. He is friends with Naota and is often seen hanging out with him, Gaku, and Ninamori. Masashi also has a job as a delivery boy, and drives a truck around, even though he is only in grade school. His father's truck is later eaten by the terminal core when Mamimi loses control of it. Masashi, like Naota, generally sounds slightly depressed.
FLCL Progressive characters
Julia Jinyu
, revealed to be created from Haruko during her attempt to contain the absorbed Atomsk, Julia becomes an opposition to her counterpart's scheme to recapture Atomsk through Hidomi. While originally a part of Haruko, possessing a Fender Jazzmaster that was initially Naota's Gibson Flying V before it fused with Atomsk's guitar, Julia has a more serious and blunt personality and travels in a vintage Chevrolet Bel Air that can transform into a robot with multiple functions. Finding Hidomi before Haruko, Julia arranges herself to work at the Hibajiri Café after making an attempted vehicular homicide on the girl and resolving to be her bodyguard instead. Though Julia is her own person, preferring to ensure Atomsk's freedom at all costs, Julia retained traits with Haruko that include loving Atomsk and bearing animosity towards Medical Mechanica. Julia is ultimately defeated by Haruko, who gave the offshoot closure of truly becoming her own person before eating her. But when Haruko absorbed Atomsk, Julia manages to separate from her and briefly serve as Atomsk's vessel before leaving for parts unknown.
Hinae Hibajiri
, Hidomi's mother, she runs a local cafe which Hidomi and later Jinyu work at. Hinae's reasons for running a café were to await the return of her husband, only to ultimately decide to close the establishment much to Hidomi's dismay. But after realizing Hidomi's feelings, Hinae reconsiders and decides to keep the business open even after their café was destroyed during Medical Mechanica's attack.
Goro Mori
, Ko's pudgy classmate, known for wearing unusual clothing including a short skirt to class without any guilt. He also lied to his classmates about having a girlfriend, having hired Aiko during a day at the beach to keep face before Marco spotted him paying Aiko for helping him. Despite Aiko's initial disinterest in him outside their business relationship, Goro ends up winning her heart while helping her.
Marco Nogata
is a classmate of Hidomi's who is of Latino descent and Goro's friend, appearing to passively absorb the oddities of his class while becoming a part-time worker and test subject at the Interstellar Immigration Bureau's amusement park front.
Eye Patch
is a homeless guy whose real name is unknown and is a member of the Interstellar Immigration Bureau, appearing in numerous places like as a regular at the Hibajiri café. As a member of the Interstellar Immigration Bureau, Eye Patch is revealed to have acquired the lifeless Canti from the Nandaba Family to develop technology that utilizes the N.O. Channel's energies. Such an item being a flower pot that can reverse a N.O. Channel's polarity.
Masurao
is Commander Amarao's son who serves as Eye Patch's aide, keeping his activities in the Interstellar Immigration Bureau a secret from Aiko by pretending to be a boxer.
Aiko
is Masurao's daughter who runs a scheme involving posing as a girlfriend for desperate boys in exchange for money while giving away her father's possessions, ultimately revealed to be an artificial plant-human created by the Interstellar Immigration Bureau from reverse-engineering Canti and that she is amassing the money to buy her freedom. She eventually uses her power to stop Medical Mechanica's assault on Mabase while developing genuine feelings for Goro.
Tonkichi
is an elderly member of the Interstellar Immigration Bureau who works under the cover of an amusement park worker in a Mr. Dodo costume, hiring Marco Nogata to test a new attraction which is later revealed to be part of an anti-Medical Mechanica weapon. The amusement park itself would later be revealed as the site of an experiment to extract N.O. energies from love-sick people, Tonkicki attempting to take down a still active Medical Mechanica factory.
Tami Hanae
FLCL Alternative characters
Tomomi Hetada
is one of Kana's friends (until Episode 5) who goes by the nickname "Pets"（ペッツ）, a high school student with issues with her dad. In episode 5, Pets reveals her friendship with Kana was a lie and she always hated her.
Hijiri Yajima
is one of Kana's friends, a high school student who is also a model.
Man Motoyama
is one of Kana's friends who goes by the nickname "Mossan"（モッさん, a high school student with aspirations to be a clothing designer/model.
Tsukata Kanda
is a member of the Department of Interstellar Immigration who bears a resemblance to Naota, being one of Haruko's previous targets before she deemed his N.O Channel too small for her plans.
Dennis Yoga
is an owner and head chef of the ramen restaurant Kana works at.
Maki Kitaki
is the Prime Minister of Japan.
See also
List of FLCL episodes
Discography of FLCL
References
FLCL
pt:FLCL#Personagens |
3996602 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracas%20Peninsula | Paracas Peninsula | The Paracas Peninsula is a desert peninsula within the boundaries of the Paracas National Reserve, a marine reserve that extends south along the coast of Peru. The only marine reserve in the country, it is a designated UNESCO World Heritage Site. This is to mark and preserve the archeological sites of the Paracas culture, in addition to the marine habitat.
The peninsula is located within the Paracas District of Pisco Province in the Ica Region, on the south coast of Peru. This unusual peninsula may be best known for the Paracas Candelabra, a prehistoric geoglyph nearly tall that was created on the north face of the peninsula ridge. Pottery nearby was dated to 200 BCE, placing it within the Paracas culture. Its origins and purpose have inspired many theories.
A shipping port was built along the northern peninsula, where deeper water permits larger transport and cruise ships to anchor. Tourists can have access to the Paracas National Reserve, a large marine reserve, while the ships are protected against ocean waves and currents. The peninsula includes red sand beaches formed from sands eroded from nearby cliffs.
The port is reached by a single road from the mainland, and passes through the Paracas National Reserve. The Centre Museum, also called the Paracas Museum, holds several ancient artifacts from the Paracas culture. It also provides detailed information and interpretation about the flora and fauna native to the Reservation, including the many varieties of birds of Paracas.
References
External links
Visita e imágenes de la península de Paracas y las islas Ballestas ESP
Peninsulas of Peru
Landforms of Ica Region |
3996607 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sudden%20acquired%20retinal%20degeneration%20syndrome | Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome | Sudden acquired retinal degeneration syndrome (SARDS) is a disease in dogs causing sudden blindness. It can occur in any breed, but female dogs may be predisposed. Approximately 4000 cases are seen in the United States annually.
Characteristics
Symptoms include sudden permanent blindness, but may occur more slowly over several days, weeks or months, dilated pupils. Pupillary light reflexes are usually reduced but present; the slow phase mediated by melanopsin in retinal ganglion cells is retained. Other symptoms commonly seen are similar to those seen with Cushing's disease and include increased water consumption and urination, weight gain, confusion, restlessness, behavioral changes and lethargy. These symptoms may develop over a few months preceding the onset of SARDS. Clinical signs and disease progression vary markedly among individual animals, depending on the number and type of hormones that are increased, the degree of hormone elevation, and the age of the dog.
Some owners notice a more obvious "eye shine" in photographs due to the dilated pupils and retinal atrophy creating what is described as a "hyper-reflective tapetum".
Causes
The cause of SARDS is considered to be idiopathic and the veterinary community is divided as to its cause, but the most common hypotheses on the causes of the disease possibly include autoimmune disease, or exposure to toxins. Autoimmune disease as a cause is controversial because some studies have supported the presence of antiretinal autoantibodies in dogs with SARDS, but others have failed to show a link. Despite similar symptoms and blood test results to Cushing's disease, evaluation of dogs with SARDS did not reveal any tumors in the pituitary or adrenal glands, and recent work has indicated significant differences in the clinical and laboratory test parameters between the two diseases.
Diagnosis
Examination with an ophthalmoscope will initially show no changes, but in a few months atrophy of the retina will resemble the appearance of progressive retinal atrophy. Pathologically, there is a loss of the rod and cone cells followed by degeneration of other layers of the retina. The retinal degeneration appears to be related to apoptosis of these cells. SARDS must be distinguished from other causes of sudden blindness that have no visible pathology, including retrobulbar optic neuritis, a tumor at the optic chiasm, or other central nervous system diseases. Electroretinography is useful to definitively diagnose SARDS.
Treatment
While there is no unilateral treatment for SARDS researchers at the Iowa State University led by Dr. Siniša Grozdanić, ISU Veterinary Ophthalmologist have successfully restored vision in two dogs who have been in 2007 successfully treated through an experimental treatment by intravenous immunoglobin (IVIg). "Although the dogs won't be catching any Frisbees, they can navigate and not bump into objects,", Dr. Grozdanić notes.
Various immunosuppressive treatment regimens have been tried, but are not consistently effective. Treatment regimens with adrenal steroids and thyroid hormones have been proposed, but as of 2016 no controlled, peer reviewed studies had investigated the effectiveness of such treatments.
References
Syndromes in dogs
Eye diseases |
5390012 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Way%20%28Limp%20Bizkit%20song%29 | My Way (Limp Bizkit song) | "My Way" is a song by American band Limp Bizkit from their third studio album, Chocolate Starfish and the Hot Dog Flavored Water (2000). It was the fourth single released from the album. Most famously, this song was used as the theme song for WrestleMania X-Seven while also was a part of the video package for Stone Cold Steve Austin vs. The Rock for the WWF Championship at that event. It features a prominent sample from Eric B. and Rakim's "My Melody."
Music video
At the beginning of the video, Fred Durst and Wes Borland are conversing on what should be done for the song's music video, as the two have no ideas, and Durst suggests that they check "wardrobe" for ideas, as they have some "really funny stuff in wardrobe". The video then follows the band's various antics as they attempt to film the video in a variety of settings, including a big band where Durst conducts the rest of the band, a line of motorcycles on which they ride, and a jungle with them dressed up as cavemen.
Track listing
"My Way" (Album Version)
"My Way" (William Orbit Remix)
"My Way" (DJ Premier Remix)
"My Way" (Enhanced Video)
another version (UE version)
"My Way" (Album Version)
"My Way" (pistols dancehall dub)
"My Way" (dub pistols instrumental)
"Counterfeit" (Lethal dose mix)
Charts
Release history
References
External links
2000 songs
2001 singles
Flip Records (1994) singles
Interscope Records singles
Limp Bizkit songs
Music videos directed by Fred Durst
Song recordings produced by Terry Date
Songs written by Fred Durst
Songs written by John Otto (drummer)
Songs written by Sam Rivers (bassist)
Songs written by Wes Borland
Nu metal songs |
3996623 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honda%20RVF400 | Honda RVF400 | The Honda RVF400R (NC35) is a sport bike manufactured by Honda from 1994 to 1996. It was powered by a 16-valve double overhead geardriven cam 400 cc 90° V4 four-stroke engine, and was known for its handling capabilities.
Two models were produced, the RVF400RR (1994) and the RVF400RT (1996), although they differed only in their paint schemes. The RVF400RR having Honda colors Sparkling red/Ross white/Atessa blu and the RVF400RT colored Sparkling red/Ross white/Uranus purple. Most distinguishing is the RVF400RT's "RVF" logo in yellow rather than white.
The RVF (as it was marketed by Honda in Japan) finished production in 1996, though unsold RVFs remained available to purchase from Japanese Honda dealers through to 2001. The RVF400R is the smaller sibling of RVF750R (RC45), as the VFR400R (NC30) was to the VFR750R (RC30).
The Honda RVF400R was the successor to the Honda VFR400R NC30, which ceased production in 1993. While at first glance there appear to be mainly styling changes between the VFR400R and the RVF400R, the actual number of changes are vast as the entire bike was redesigned with numerous identical looking components being totally different.
The obvious differences between the VFR400R and the RVF400R are that the front forks are of the upside-down type and the rear wheel takes a 17" tyre (the Honda VFR400R took an 18"), there are two air tubes that feed fresh air to the area just in front of the air box (this is not a ram air system, the airbox is unpressurised) and the headlights have changed from twin round headlights to twin 'fox-eye' lights (this is one feature not mirrored from the RVF750R (RC45) as the RC45 features twin large round headlights).
Unlike the VFR400R the RVF400R was only officially sold new in Japan. The RVF400R has slightly less peak power than the VFR400R (due to Japanese regulations at the time) but has a stronger midrange. There is a Haynes Manual available for the RVF400R.
Like other Hondas with gear-driven camshafts, the RVF's engine makes a loud whine when operating. The exhaust note of the V4 engine is also different from that of a more conventional inline four. The 400 cc VFR and RVF models share a unique exhaust note with their larger siblings—the VFR750R RC30 and the RVF750R RC45—because of their 360° or big-bang firing order.
VFR400 to RVF400 changes
Engine
The RVF's carburettors were changed to a semi-flatslide design and smaller diameter venturis (30 mm against the NC30's 32 mm) but claimed to be better flowing. The velocity stacks were also changed to allow a straighter flow into the engine cylinders.
The valve timing was changed with the exhaust valves opening earlier and closing later.
The engine position was changed with large cast sections of the frame now holding the engine lower down (these lower engine mounting points were unused on the VFR).
Frame and suspension
While the front cartridge forks were changed from RWU to USD forks, they remained the same diameter (41 mm) and make (Showa).
The frame was totally redesigned, with engine mounting and steering geometry changes.
The swingarm, while looking identical at first glance, is narrower (192 mm against 202 mm) and runs on a smaller diameter spindle (17 mm against 22 mm) with the rear hub and brake mounting points changed.
Wheels brakes and tyres
The rear wheel was changed from 18" to 17".
The front brakes remained as 4 opposed piston calipers but the trailing pistons were increased in diameter from 25.4 mm to 27 mm (the leading pistons remained at 30 mm).
The Honda RC30 had a 'Pro Squat Rear Brake Linkage' that linked the rear caliper to the frame via a linkage through the swingarm, reducing rear wheel hop under braking. The NC30 had the swingarm machined to allow a torque arm shaft and featured the cast boss on the frame but the linkage was not fitted and the caliper was instead held in place with a simple torque reaction arm bolted into the swingarm.
Exhaust
The exhaust has a number of changes, the main change is that the silencer and collector were separated and the silencer was held to the frame by one mounting point rather than two. The silencer was aluminium and held by three bolts to the collector.
Dimensions and weights
The dry weight went up from 164 kg to 165 kg, and overall width dropped from 705 mm (27.8 in.) to 685 mm (27.0 in.), overall height changed 1.075 m (42.3in.) to 1.065 m (41.9in.), wheelbase dropped 10 mm from 1.345 m (53.0 in.) to 1.335 m (52.6 in.).
Handling
The VFR400 is widely acknowledged to be a very good handling motorbike. The RVF400 is more of the same, the main difference being that while the VFR400 likes one line, on the RVF400 it is not a problem to change lines mid corner, helped by the upside down forks.
Racing
The RVF400 NC35 is still being raced in various classes including in the Manx Grand Prix on the IOM.
HRC
HRC (Honda Racing Corporation) supply a number of parts to adapt the RVF400 for racing
Parts available include:
A direct air intake airbox (using a scoop in between the radiator and frame, does not use the air tubes).
Rear ride height adapter (A number of U shaped plates that fit in between the frame and shock).
Oil Cooler (a CBR600 oil cooler can be fitted and the water pump drilled to fit the water takeoff)
Jet kit
ECU
F2 Kit Radiators
Notes
RVF400
Sport bikes
Motorcycles introduced in 1994
Motorcycles powered by V engines |
5390013 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bicipital%20aponeurosis | Bicipital aponeurosis | The bicipital aponeurosis (also known as lacertus fibrosus) is a broad aponeurosis of the biceps brachii, which is located in the cubital fossa of the elbow. It separates superficial from deep structures in much of the fossa.
Structure
The bicipital aponeurosis originates from the distal insertion of the biceps brachii, and inserts into the deep fascia of the forearm. The biceps tendon inserts on the radial tuberosity, and the bicipital aponeurosis lies medially to it. It reinforces the cubital fossa, helping to protect the brachial artery and the median nerve running underneath.
Variations
Some individuals (about 3% of the population) have a superficial ulnar artery that runs superficially to the bicipital aponeurosis instead of underneath it. These individuals are at risk for accidental injury to the ulnar artery during venipuncture.
Clinical significance
The bicipital aponeurosis is superficial to the brachial artery and the median nerve, but deep to the median cubital vein. This protection is important during venipuncture (taking blood).
It is one structure that has to be incised during fasciotomy in the treatment of acute compartment syndrome of the forearm and elbow region.
References
External links
Diagram at radsource.edu (seventh diagram from top)
- "Flexor Region of the Forearm: Muscles that Border the Cubital Fossa"
Upper limb anatomy |
3996646 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Woodhouse%2C%201st%20Baron%20Terrington | James Woodhouse, 1st Baron Terrington | James Thomas Woodhouse, 1st Baron Terrington (16 July 1852 – 8 February 1921), known as Sir James Woodhouse, from 1895 to 1918, was an English Liberal Party politician.
Woodhouse was the son of James Woodhouse of Flamborough, Yorkshire. He served as the Member of Parliament (MP) for Huddersfield from 1895 to 1906, and was also a Railway and Canal Traffic Commissioner from 1906 to 1921 and Chairman of the Losses under Defence of the Realm Commission from 1915 to 1921. He was knighted in 1895, and on 19 January 1918 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Terrington, of Huddersfield in the County of York.
Lord Terrington married Jessie, daughter of Walter James Reed, in 1876. They had two children: Harold and Horace. Lord Terrington died in February 1921, aged 68, and was succeeded in his titles by his eldest son Harold. Lady Terrington died in 1942.
Arms
References
Kidd, Charles, Williamson, David (editors). Debrett's Peerage and Baronetage (1990 edition). New York: St Martin's Press, 1990,
External links
1852 births
1921 deaths
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
People from Flamborough
Woodhouse, James
Woodhouse, James
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Woodhouse, James
Peers created by George V |
5390019 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viburnum%20lantana | Viburnum lantana | Viburnum lantana, the wayfarer or wayfaring tree, is a species of Viburnum, native to central, southern and western Europe (north to Yorkshire in England), northwest Africa, and southwestern Asia. The vigorous deciduous European treelike shrub is common along waysides.
Description
It is a deciduous shrub or small tree growing to tall. The leaves are opposite, simple oval to lanceolate, Long and broad, with a finely serrated margin; they are densely downy on the underside, less so on the upper surface. The hermaphrodite flowers are small, around , and creamy-white, produced in dense cymes width at the top of the stems; they are produced in early summer, and pollinated by insects. The fruit is an oblong drupe long, green at first, turning red, then finally black at full maturity, and contains a single seed. The seeds are dispersed when birds eat the fruit, then deposit the seeds in another location in their droppings.
An older name for the plant is hoarwithy. "Hoar" means grey-haired and refers to the hairs under the leaves, and "withy" means a pliant stem.
Cultivation and uses
It is commonly grown as an ornamental plant for its flowers and berries, growing best on alkaline soils. A number of cultivars have been selected, including 'Aureum', with yellow leaves in spring.
The fruit is mildly toxic, and may cause vomiting or diarrhea if consumed in large quantities.
References
External links
lantana
Flora of Algeria
Flora of Armenia
Flora of Azerbaijan
Flora of France
Flora of Georgia (country)
Flora of Germany
Flora of Greece
Flora of Iran
Flora of Italy
Flora of Morocco
Flora of Poland
Flora of Romania
Flora of Russia
Flora of Spain
Flora of Turkey
Flora of Ukraine
Flora of the United Kingdom
Garden plants
Plants described in 1753
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus |
3996648 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pak%20Noja | Pak Noja | Vladimir Tikhonov (born on February 5, 1973), well known as his pen name Pak Noja, is a Russian-born South Korean academic of Korean studies, and columnist.
Biography
Pak was born as Vladimir Tikhonov to a Jewish family in Leningrad, Soviet Union. His Russian name is Vladimir Tikhonov (Russian: Владимир Тихонов), but after immigrating to South Korea in 1997, he changed his name into a Korean name, Pak Noja and became naturalized as a South Korean citizen in 2001.
Fascinated by Korean movies and classical literature during his high school days, he decided to study Korean history. In his 16th year, he entered the department of Korean studies at St. Petersburg National University of Russia, and he made his first visit to Korea as an exchange student in 1991 and stayed in Seoul for about 3 months.
After his bachelor's degree, Pak kept studying Korean history and was granted a doctorate from Moscow State University with his thesis about Gaya, a combination of city states which lasted until the 6th century in southern part of Korea.
While working on his degree, in 1992, Pak met a Korean violinist, Paik Myong-jong (백명정, 1971- ) who was at that time studying at the Leningrad University of Russia; they married in 1995.
Pak worked on translating Korean literature into Russian and wrote several liberal arts and sociology books about Korean culture and politics, including his best-selling book, ‘your Korea (당신들의 대한민국)’. His writings made him known as one of Korea’s influential progressive intellectuals, and brought on many controversial issues within Korea by sharp criticism.
Pak has taught Russian at Kyunghee University of Korea, and is currently teaching Korean studies as a professor at the Department of Culture Studies and Oriental Languages, University of Oslo in Norway.
Statements on China
In 2009, he made the remark that the "Korean economy will be annexed by the Chinese economic zone within 5–10 years". The Korean left responded critically to this claim, but Pak went on to clarify his thesis. According to his column, "it is not proper, I just said inescapable".
Moreover, he supported the Chinese government with respect to Liu Xiaobo's Nobel Peace Prize. Pak criticized Liu Xiaobo as a "follower of Western countries" and "a supporter of colonialism in China". According to Pak, "the process of democratization in China is not only elite, but also working-class".
Pak suggests that Liu's support in his Charter 08 of 'legislative democracy' and the 'protection of private property' raises doubts on whether "Liu Xiaobo wants a 'non-communist, dictatorial China' or a 'worker-friendly China'". Pak claims that "true reform must be undertaken by the working class".
Bibliography
Your Korea 2 (당신들의 대한민국2, 2006)
I Accuse of the Century of Violence (나는 폭력의 세기를 고발한다, 2005)
The History which Betrayed Me (나를 배반한 역사, 2003)
There are Right and Left but not High and Low (좌우는 있어도 위아래는 없다 (박노자의 북유럽 탐험), 2002)
Your Korea 1 (당신들의 대한민국1, 2001)
Imaginative Power Changing the 21st Century (6인 6색 21세기를 바꾸는 상상력, 2005)
Surviving in a Swirl of the Great Powers (열강의 소용돌이에서 살아남기, 2005)
Realization in My Early Days (젊은 날의 깨달음, 2005)
The Age of Anxieties, in the Middle of Pain (불안의 시대 고통의 한복판에서, 2005)
The Empire of a White Mask (하얀 가면의 제국 (오리엔탈리즘, 서구 중심의 역사를 넘어), 2003)
Outsiders 6,8,10,12,13 (아웃사이더 6,8,10,12,13, 2002~2003)
In the Front Line of Our History (우리 역사 최전선, 2003)
Monuments of Deserters (탈영자들의 기념비, 2003)
References
External links
Private homepage
Private homepage about East Asia
Interview (English)
Blog (Korean)
1973 births
Jewish socialists
Jewish writers
Koreanists
Korean socialists
Labor Party (South Korea) politicians
Living people
Naturalized citizens of South Korea
New Progressive Party (South Korea) politicians
Russian emigrants to South Korea
Russian Jews
Russian writers
Russian socialists
South Korean progressives
South Korean left-wing activists
South Korean historians
South Korean people of Russian-Jewish descent
South Korean socialists
University of Oslo faculty |
3996661 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Worthing%20%28disambiguation%29 | Worthing (disambiguation) |
Person
Helen Lee Worthing, American actress in the early 20th century
Places
Worthing may refer to the following settlements:
In the United Kingdom:
Worthing, West Sussex
Worthing, Norfolk
In Barbados:
Worthing, Christ Church
In South Africa:
Worthing, Eastern Cape
Worthing, Limpopo
In the United States:
Worthing, South Dakota Lincoln County
Worthing, California, Tulare County
Worthing, Texas, Lavaca County
Worthing, Texas
Worthing can also refer to:
Worthing Canyon, Clark County, Idaho
Worthing Mine at Hallett Cove, South Australia
Worthing Mining Company, which operated both the Worthing Mine and the Bremer Mine at Callington, South Australia
Worthing railway station (in Worthing, West Sussex)
Worthing (UK Parliament constituency)
Literature
Jack Worthing, a character in Oscar Wilde's The Importance of Being Earnest
Jason Worthing, a character in Orson Scott Card's The Worthing Chronicle and The Worthing Saga
The Worthing Chronicle, a novel by Orson Scott Card
The Worthing Saga, a novel by Orson Scott Card, which includes The Worthing Chronicle as one of its sections.
Transport
SS Worthing was a steam ferry operating across the English Channel between Newhaven and Dieppe. |
3996664 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Fournier | Jack Fournier | John Frank "Jack" Fournier (September 28, 1889 – September 5, 1973) was an American professional baseball first baseman and outfielder. He played in Major League Baseball (MLB) for the Chicago White Sox, New York Yankees, St. Louis Cardinals, Brooklyn Robins, and Boston Braves from 1912 to 1927. Fournier was known for having outstanding batting abilities but subpar fielding abilities.
MLB career
When purchased by the White Sox from the Boston Red Sox in 1912, Fournier presented Pants Rowland and a half-dozen other managers with the dilemma of what to do with his pure hitting, but poor fielding abilities. Rowland solved that problem in 1916, a year after Fournier had led the AL in slugging, by replacing him at first base with the marginal Jack Ness. Before 1920, a first baseman was one of the key fielding positions because of the constant threat of the bunt; Fournier could not field the bunt.
Fournier hit .350 for the Yankees in limited duty in 1918 before they passed him off to the Cardinals. In 1921, he finished 3rd in the league with a .343 batting average while scoring a career-best 103 runs. After three productive years in St. Louis, Fournier was dealt to Brooklyn on February 15, 1923. Fournier said he would quit the game rather than leave St. Louis, but he eventually ended his holdout and reported to the Dodgers. Fournier had found his spot, among an offensive unit that included Zack Wheat, Milt Stock, and Zack Taylor. He turned in a six-for-six performance on June 29 of that year, hit .351, though committing a league-high 21 errors. In 1924, Fournier led the NL with 27 home runs and was second in the league with 116 runs batted in. He led the National League with 86 walks in 1925, batting .350 and finishing second in the league to Rogers Hornsby in both RBIs (130) and on-base percentage (.446, still the third-highest total in Dodgers history).
Fournier hit 136 career home runs in 14 seasons while rapping .313 with a .392 on-base percentage and .483 slugging percentage. He also racked up three straight seasons (1923–1925) with 20+ home runs, 20+ doubles, a .400 or higher on-base percentage, a .330 plus batting average, and 90+ runs. Bill James ranked him as the 35th best first baseman of all-time.
Post-playing career
Following his playing career, Fournier was the head coach at UCLA from 1934 to 1936. He later scouted for the St. Louis Browns (1938–1942, 1944–1949), Chicago Cubs (1950–1957), Detroit Tigers (1960), and Cincinnati Reds (1961–1962).
See also
List of Major League Baseball career batting average leaders
List of Major League Baseball career triples leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual home run leaders
List of Major League Baseball single-game hits leaders
References
External links
1889 births
1973 deaths
Aberdeen Black Cats players
Aberdeen Harbor Grays players
Baseball players from Michigan
Boston Braves players
Brooklyn Robins players
Chicago Cubs scouts
Chicago White Sox players
Cincinnati Reds scouts
Detroit Tigers scouts
Grays Harbor Grays players
Los Angeles Angels (minor league) players
Major League Baseball first basemen
Montreal Royals players
Moose Jaw Robin Hoods players
National League home run champions
New York Yankees players
Newark Bears (IL) players
Portland Beavers players
Portland Colts players
St. Louis Browns scouts
St. Louis Cardinals players
Sacramento Baby Senators players
Sacramento Sacts players
Seattle Siwashes players
Toledo Mud Hens managers
UCLA Bruins baseball coaches
Vancouver Beavers players |
3996670 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sa%CA%BDid%20al-Khudri | Saʽid al-Khudri | Abu Sa'id Sa'd ibn Malik ibn Sinan al-Khazraji al-Khudri () was an inhabitant of Medina and early ally (Ansari) of the Islamic prophet Muhammad and one of the younger "companions of the prophet". Too young to fight at the Battle of Uhud in 625 where his father Malik ibn Sinan fell, he participated in subsequent campaigns. Although he traveled to Syria once to visit the Umayyad caliph Mu'awiyah, he resided in Medina all his life. Later, he is said to have participated with his fellow Medinans in the defense of their city against the Umayyad army at the Battle of al-Harrah in 64/683. He is said variously to have died in 63/682, 64/683, 65/684, or 74/693. Abu Said is one of the narrators of hadith most frequently quoted. By one count, he has 1170 narrations, making him the seventh most prolific Companion in the transmission of the hadith.
Shia Muslims do not automatically dismiss his narrations but compare what he narrates with other sources.
Hadith transmitted by him
The following quotations are from books of hadith. These books relate accounts taken from the life of the Islamic prophet Muhammad, his family, and his companions. They were compiled by Islamic scholars after Muhammad's death. These quotations include information about those who related the accounts, as well as the accounts themselves.
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri reported that Muhammad said, "There is no gift better and wider than ." from Sahih Bukhari and Sahih Muslim
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri narrates that Muhammad said, "He who fasts for a day in the Path of Allah, Allah will keep him away from Hell by a distance of seventy years of journey." from An-Nasa'i
Abu Sa'id al-Khudri narrated that Muhammad said, "The lasting good deeds are: (the saying of) La ilaha ilallah, Subhan Allah, Allahu Akbar, Alhamdulillah, and La hawla wa la quwwata illa billah." related from An-Nasa'i
Abu Saeed al Khudri reported that he heard Muhammad say, "While I was asleep, I dreamt that people are brought to me, all of them wearing shirts. Some of the shirts reached only up to the chest and some a little below the chest. Umar ibn al-Khattab was also brought to me. His shirt was so long that it trailed on the ground and he dragged it along as he walked." Some of the sahaba asked him its interpretation and he said, "Religion." from Sahih Bukhari and Muslim
Narrations
A narration concerning An-Nisa, 24
A narration concerning Contraception
See also
Sunni view of the Sahaba
Salat
Wudhu
Dhikr
Quran
Notes
610s births
690s deaths
7th-century deaths
Sahabah hadith narrators |
5390022 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obernewtyn%20%28novel%29 | Obernewtyn (novel) | Obernewtyn is the first novel in the Obernewtyn Chronicles series by Australian author Isobelle Carmody. Carmody began writing it at the age of fourteen, and reworked the novel through high school and university. Much of the inspiration for the protagonist, Elspeth Gordie, comes from her own life experiences. It was published by Penguin Books in Australia in 1987 and shortlisted for the Book of the Year for Older Readers in the Children's Book Council of Australia Awards.
A science fiction-fantasy novel set in a post-apocalyptic world, the story follows Elspeth Gordie, an orphan with special mental abilities, who lives a life of fear and danger. When her abilities are brought to the attention of the ruling, totalitarian Council, she is banished to the remote mountain institution of Obernewtyn, where all "Misfits" are sent. The leaders of Obernewtyn are secretly searching for the old weapons that had sent the world to the brink of despair, and Elspeth finds herself embroiled in a plot that risks more than just her personal safety.
The book has been published in Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States of America, Germany and Portugal. The Library Journal stated it was a "thought-provoking tale of courage and sacrifice"; other reviews found it one-dimensional and difficult to follow. Adapted as a stage play by Caroline Heske, it was performed in Darwin, Australia in 2004 by the Corrugated Iron Youth Arts Theatre.
Composition
Isobelle Carmody began writing the book when she was fourteen, in 1972. She rewrote and developed it throughout high school and university. After briefly working as a journalist, she left to write full-time. Penguin Books agreed to publish the book when Carmody submitted the manuscript in her early twenties and it was published in 1987. Carmody has said that the character and life experiences of Elspeth reflect her own:
The author named The Chronicles of Narnia, The Lord of the Rings, Doctor Dolittle and books about Pippi Longstocking as sources of influence.
Synopsis
Context
Obernewtyn is set in a world recently ravaged by a nuclear holocaust, known to the survivors as "the Great White", later said by the Herders (leaders of the new religious order) to have been sent by Lud (God) to punish humanity. The surviving remote communities attempted to rebuild society, which over time developed into a totalitarian Council, and a religious order, the Herder Faction. Mutations of the mind also began to appear in some of the surviving generations; those discovered are either burnt alive along with the rebels or labelled as "Misfits" and outcasts. The resulting large group of children are placed in orphan homes and used for manual labour.
Voice and setting
The story is told in the first-person through the protagonist, Elspeth Gordie, a teenage girl who has secret mental powers such as telepathy and the ability to communicate with animals. The story begins at Kinraide orphan home, where she and her brother Jes live, before moving briefly through Sutrium, the capital, and the countryside. However the majority of the narrative is set at Obernewtyn, which lies in the northern mountains of the Land, the fictional nation in which the Obernewtyn Chronicles is set.
Plot
Elspeth learns from her premonitions, and her cat Maruman's prophecies, that a keeper from Obernewtyn, a feared institution where Misfits are sent to work, will come to take her there. Soon, when delivering tea to visiting Head Keeper of Obernewtyn, Madam Vega, Elspeth accidentally reveals she is a Misfit, though not to what extent, and is soon dispatched to Obernewtyn. Her first few weeks at Obernewtyn are spent in the kitchen, where she is worked to the bone. The cook's daughter delights in tormenting her. The favoured Misfit, Ariel, and farm overseer, Rushton, immediately dislike her. Later reassigned to the farm, an encounter with a pair of Misfits named Matthew and Dameon reveals she is not alone in her particular abilities. She also befriends Cameo, a delicate, pretty Misfit of whom Matthew is very fond. Elspeth, plagued by nightmares, begins to feel there is a dark secret underneath their everyday tasks. While working, Elspeth decides to test the range of her telepathic ability, "farseeking", but beyond the boundaries of Obernewtyn, a strange machine, the Zebkrahn, traps her mind. She is only freed by combining her mental strength with another anonymous mind who offers assistance. Asked by Vega to look out for "special" Misfits, her interview reveals the Doctor is a defective simpleton; his "assistant", Alexi, has no interest in Elspeth in his quest to find the "right one" who will lead him to what he desires. Elspeth and Matthew later deduce that tortuous experiments on their kind are occurring, and they resolve to escape. Cameo begins disappearing from her bed at nighttime, and Elspeth fearfully suspects that Cameo is the subject of some of these experiments.
That night, Elspeth sneaks into the Doctor's office to retrieve a map and compass, but on finding forbidden books and maps from before the Great White, the "Beforetime", she realises they must be searching for something from long ago. She leaves empty-handed. Rosamunde, a fellow orphan from the Kinraide orphan home, arrives at Obernewtyn and coldly informs Elspeth that her brother Jes had discovered he also had mental abilities, but was killed by guards in an escape attempt. Rushton comforts the distraught Elspeth, and asks her why she plagues him. Fearful that someone will soon be after her as well, her group's escape plans begin in earnest. Elspeth returns a second time to the Doctor's office, but when Vega, Alexi and Ariel enter, she learns Ariel is part of the Obernewtyn family, and that they are searching for a Misfit to help them find the location of Beforetime weapons. Pre-warned that two Councilmen are coming to fetch her for questioning by the Herders, at nightfall she makes to escape but Rushton stops her. He reveals a secret network of drains which gets her safely to the farms. Once she is safely through the drains after a close shave with Ariel's pack of mad, wild wolves, she finds that the path to the farms has been obscured by a blizzard and gets lost. She nearly dies, but a Misfit named Domick finds her and locks her in the farmhouse to return later to Obernewtyn. Overhearing a conversation between her captors, she discovers they are Rushton's accomplices and were to secretly meet with a rebel group, but Rushton has gone missing. Convincing them that her powers can help find him, she makes her way on foot through the blizzard to the far mountains, with Maruman as her guide.
Inside the cave network she finds a dying Cameo, who tells her the Beforetime weapons Alexi and Vega are searching for caused the Great White, but they do not know this. She also reveals it is Elspeth's destiny, as the Seeker, to destroy them. After mourning her death, Elspeth overhears that Rushton, imprisoned in the next cavern, is the true heir of Obernewtyn. Suddenly, she is captured by Ariel, who ties her to a table next to the Zebkrahn machine. Elspeth is forced to hold the diaries of Marisa Seraphim, the wife of the founder of Obernewtyn and Alexi's stepmother, and use her abilities to discover what Marisa was thinking when she wrote them to determine the weapons' location. Still withstanding the torture, Elspeth mentally enters Rushton's mind and recognises the voice of her earlier rescuer from the Zebkrahn. Rushton gives his mental strength to her to endure the pain inflicted on her by the machine. In her despair at their threats to kill him, her resistance breaks and Marissa's thoughts reveal the map to be carved into the front doors of Obernewtyn. At this point, the Zebkrahn overheats and bursts into flames. Something in Elspeth's mind cracks and she uses this new power to kill Vega, who she saw standing over Rushton with a knife. She falls unconscious as Domick and Rushton's other friends rush in. Alexi is killed, but Ariel flees into the night and is believed to have died in the blizzard. Now known to be the legal master of Obernewtyn, Rushton plans to build it into a secret refuge for Misfits.
Reception
Critical
On the whole, Obernewtyn has been positively received. A reviewer for Publishers Weekly called it "a promising new series" and stated that Carmody evades stereotyping by imbuing her characters with conflicting interests. The Library Journal stated that it is a "thought-provoking tale of courage and sacrifice".
Lloyd Alexander, an American fantasy author, commented that it is a fantastically imaginative novel. He cited intricate detail, in-depth character development, and skilled use of language as some of the strengths of the work. American Young Adult fantasy writer Tamora Pierce expressed that the novel is "a dream date for [her]", given the novel involves a courageous girl of many talents and animals with "minds of their own".
However some reviewers have criticised aspects of the book. A reviewer writing for Kirkus Reviews said that the novel is "pedestrian and one-dimensional". Victoria Strauss, of SF Site, felt the emotional detachment of Elspeth, despite her loss and grief, robs the novel of some of its impact. John Foster felt Obernewtyn is hard to follow due to the complexities of the language and plot.
Awards and nominations
Obernewtyn won the Marcus Clark Literary Award for Best Unpublished Manuscript, which subsequently saw Carmody receive an Australia Council of the Arts Writer's Grant.
In 1988, Obernewtyn was shortlisted for Book of the Year for Older Readers in the Children's Book Council of Australia Awards.
Publication history
Single Book Publications:
Combined Volumes:
Foreign language publications
Audiobooks
Adaptations
The Corrugated Iron Youth Arts Theatre in Darwin, Australia, produced Caroline Heske's stage play adaptation of Obernewtyn, directed by Jeremy Rice, at the Brown's Mart Theatre from 3 to 7 November 2004. Rice stated that the original novel has "that imaginative streak that suits theatre".
References
External links
Obernewtyn.NET The Official Obernewtyn Chronicles Fan Club
1987 Australian novels
1987 fantasy novels
1987 science fiction novels
Australian science fiction novels
Australian fantasy novels
Australian young adult novels
Young adult fantasy novels
Science fantasy novels
Obernewtyn Chronicles
Penguin Books books
High fantasy novels |
5390038 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam%20National%20University%2C%20Hanoi | Vietnam National University, Hanoi | Vietnam National University, Hanoi (VNU; , ĐHQGHN) is a public research university in Vietnam. The university has 10 member colleges (called "universities") and faculties. VNU is Vietnam's national university, and it is the most prestigious university in Vietnam, ranked 201–250th in Asia by the QS ASIA University Rankings 2020. In 2020, it was one of the first two Vietnamese universities (the other one being Vietnam National University, Ho Chi Minh City) to be included in the QS Global Ranking of Top 150 universities under 50 years old by 2021.
History
Throughout its history, the university has had several name changes: the University of Indochina (Université Indochinoise, 東洋大學 or Đại học Đông Dương; established in 1906), Vietnam National University (Trường Đại học Quốc gia Việt Nam; November 1945), and the University of Hanoi (Trường Đại học Tổng hợp Hà Nội; June 1956). In 1993, Vietnam National University, Hanoi (Đại học Quốc gia Hà Nội) was created by merging the University of Hanoi, Hanoi National University of Education (HNUE) and College of Foreign Languages.
The institution also owns two high schools for gifted students in foreign languages (Foreign Language Specialized School) and natural science (High School for Gifted Students, Hanoi University of Science).
Board of Directors
President: Nguyễn Kim Sơn
Vice President: Nguyễn Hoàng Hải
Vice President: Phạm Bảo Sơn
Member institutions
Vietnam National University, Hanoi includes the following members (universities, schools):
VNU University of Science (VNU-HUS)
VNU University of Social Sciences and Humanities (VNU-USSH)
VNU University of Languages and International Studies (VNU-ULIS)
VNU University of Engineering and Technology (VNU-UET)
VNU University of Economics and Business (VNU-UEB)
College of Economics, Vietnam National University
VNU University of Education (VNU-UED)
VNU Vietnam Japan University (VNU-VJU)
VNU University of Medicine and Pharmacy (VNU-UMP)
VNU School of Law (VNU-LS)
VNU School of Business (VNU-HSB)
VNU International School (VNU-IS)
VNU School of Interdisciplinary Studies (VNU-SIS)
University rankings
The university attained a ranking in the 201–250 grouping in Asia, under the QS ASIA University Rankings 2020. Also in the same year, it attained a THE World University Ranking in the 801–1000 group, and a THE World University Ranking Asia in the 201–250 group.
Notable people
Anderson Cooper
Nguyễn Thái Học
Võ Nguyên Giáp - (Red Napoleon)
Phạm Xuân Nguyên
Ngô Bảo Châu - (Fields Medal)
Đàm Thanh Sơn - (Dirac Medal)
Hoàng Tụy - (Constantin Caratheodory Prize)
Nguyễn Phú Trọng - (General Secretary)
Lê Đức Thọ - (Nobel Peace Prize)
Trần Quang Đức
Đào Duy Anh
Joe Ruelle
Phan Huy Lê
Lê Văn Thiêm - (Mathematician)
Van H. Vu - (Pólya Prize)
Tạ Bích Loan
Tran Duc Thao
Trần Quốc Vượng
References
External links
(English)
Educational institutions established in 1906
1906 establishments in French Indochina |
3996671 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biber%20%28submarine%29 | Biber (submarine) | Biber (German for "beaver") was a German midget submarine of the Second World War. Armed with two externally mounted torpedoes or mines, they were intended to attack coastal shipping. They were the smallest submarines in the Kriegsmarine.
The Biber was hastily developed to help meet the threat of an Allied invasion of Europe. This resulted in basic technical flaws that, combined with the inadequate training of their operators, meant they never posed a real threat to Allied shipping, despite 324 submarines being delivered. One of the class's few successes was the sinking of the cargo ship Alan A. Dale.
Several survive in museums, including one in operational condition.
Development
Construction of the first prototype began in February 1944 and was completed in less than 6 weeks. The initial prototype, officially titled Bunteboot (but better known as Adam), was heavily influenced by the British Welman submarine. It differed from the final design in a number of respects such as being nearly shorter. Following testing on the Trave river on 29 May twenty four Bibers were ordered.
Design
The hull was built in three sections composed of thick steel with an aluminium alloy conning tower bolted to the top. The conning tower contained armoured glass windows to allow the pilot to see out. The hydroplanes and rudder were made of wood and trying to control them while tracking the depth gauge, compass and periscope made the craft hard to handle. Adding to the pilot's difficulties, the craft lacked compensating and trimming tanks, making staying at periscope depth a near impossibility. The Biber had two diving tanks, one in the bow section and one in the stern.
The submarine could be armed with either two TIIIc torpedoes with neutral buoyancy (achieved by limiting the number of batteries on board), mines, or a mixture of the two. The torpedoes or mines were accommodated in semi-circular recesses in the side of the hull. These reduced the overall width of the loaded craft, making land transport easier and also reduced drag in the water, but at the cost of weakening the hull.
The Biber was powered on the surface by a Otto Blitz petrol engine, which was used despite concerns about the risks posed by the carbon monoxide the engine gave off. The engine had the advantage of being cheap and available in large numbers. Propulsion while submerged was provided by a electric motor, supplied by three Type T13 T210 battery troughs.
Operation
Biber operations were carried out under the auspices of the K-Verband, a German naval unit which operated a mixture of midget submarines and explosive speedboats. The training of Biber operators was originally planned to take eight weeks, but the initial group of pilots was rushed through in just three weeks. Planning also called for flotillas of 30 boats and pilots with just under 200 shore support crew.
Operations generally lasted from one to two days with pilots either using a drug known as D-IX to stay awake on longer missions or caffeine-laced chocolate. The poor quality of the Biber's periscope meant that night attacks had to be carried out on the surface.
Fécamp harbour
The first Biber operation was launched on 30 August 1944 from Fécamp harbour. Twenty-two boats were launched but only fourteen were able to leave the harbour and of those fourteen only two managed to reach their operational area. The Bibers were then withdrawn to Mönchengladbach.
Operations in the Scheldt Estuary
In December 1944 it was decided to deploy Bibers against traffic to Antwerp in the Scheldt Estuary. The force was based at Rotterdam with forward bases at Poortershaven and Hellevoetsluis. The first attack took place on the night of the 22/23 of December. Eighteen Biber were involved of which only one returned. The only allied loss caused by the operation was Alan A. Dale. Further operations between the 23rd and the 25th achieved no success and none of the 14 submarines deployed survived. On the 27th the accidental release of a torpedo in the Voorneschen resulted in the sinking of 11 Bibers (although they were later recovered). The three undamaged Bibers later sailed again; none returned. An operation on the night 29/30 January resulted in damage to (much of it due to ice) or loss of most of the remaining Bibers. Losses combined with RAF bombing prevented attacks from being mounted in February 1945. The bombing had damaged the cranes used to move the Bibers into and out of the water. Reinforcements allowed operations to continue until April 1945 but no successes were achieved and the Biber flotillas continued to take a very high rate of losses. The last Biber mission was an attempt at mine laying and took place on the night of 26 April. Of the four Bibers that took part, one ran aground and three were attacked by Thunderbolts, which sank two of them.
Attempted attack on Vaenga Bay
In January 1945 an attempt was made to mount an attack on Vaenga Bay in the Kola Inlet. The hope was either to attack one of the convoys that stopped there to refuel and take on ammunition or to attack the Soviet battleship Arkhangelsk (HMS Royal Sovereign on loan to the USSR). As it happened neither the battleship nor a convoy were in the port at the time of the planned attack. The plan was for U-boats to carry the Bibers within range of the harbour. U-295, U-318 and U-716 set off from Harstad on 5 January with Bibers mounted on their casings. Vibrations from the U-boats’ engines caused the Bibers stern glands to leak allowing water to reach the machinery space and as a result the mission was abandoned.
Further developments
Planning for two man versions (Biber II and Biber III) began but never got off the drawing board.
Surviving examples
Biber No.90
This craft was displayed at the Imperial War Museum, London. Currently displayed at IWM Duxford. It was one of three Bibers launched from the canal at Hellevoetsluis in late December 1944. It was found sinking NE of Dover on 29 December 1944, its crewman had failed to properly close the engine exhaust system and died from resultant carbon monoxide poisoning. The minesweeper took it in tow and, even when it sank close to Dover harbour entrance, the Royal Navy still raised it and subjected it to extensive trials. One oddity discovered during the initial search of the boat was:
a bottle hidden under the seat and inside was a document in English, which, romantic as it read, appeared to have some bearing upon the capture of the submarine, and possibly the explanation of why the pilot met his end.
That is all that the report says about that finding; any further details appear to have been lost.
The pilot of the Biber was later identified as Joachim Langsdorff, who was the son of Captain Hans Langsdorf of the Admiral Graf Spee.
Biber No.105
This Biber held by the Royal Navy Submarine Museum, Gosport. It is in a working condition and believed to be the only fully operational World War 2 submarine in existence. The submarine was restored to working condition by apprentices from Fleet Support Limited on a sandwich course in 2003 under the guidance of Ian Clark. The restoration featured in the third series of Channel 4's television programme, Salvage Squad, during which the craft was successfully test-dived in a flooded dry dock.
Biber at the Hook of Holland
This example was discovered in 1990 during dredging operations in the Nieuwe Waterweg, in the Netherlands. It has since been restored.
Three more Bibers can be seen in the Netherlands; one in Vlissingen, at Fort Rammekens, and another at the Overloon War Museum. The third Biber is privately owned and displayed outdoors at the entrance to Siegerpark in Amsterdam, it has been painted red and white and serves as an advertising sign.
Other Bibers are displayed at the Deutsches Museum in Munich, the Technikmuseum Speyer in Speyer and the Rheinmuseum in Emmerich am Rhein, Germany. Two examples survive in Norway, one at the Royal Norwegian Navy Museum and another at the Haakonsvern naval base. Other examples are displayed at the Blockhaus d'Éperlecques in Northern France, and at the Potts Park amusement park in Minden, Germany.
References
Notes
Bibliography
External links
Extended Biber informationsite.
Salvage Squad - A Biber-class submarine (No.105) was fully restored by the UKChannel 4 television program Salvage Squad.
Midget submarines
World War II submarines of Germany |
3996684 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Ackles%20%28album%29 | David Ackles (album) | David Ackles is the self-titled debut album of American singer-songwriter David Ackles. Elektra Records later reissued it with new cover art under the title The Road to Cairo. Described by music historian Richie Unterberger as Ackles' "most rock-oriented record", it garnered faint praise from Rolling Stone critic Arthur Schmidt, who complained of thin melodies but who nevertheless described Ackles as "one of the best singers I've ever heard".
Julie Driscoll, Brian Auger and the Trinity covered "The Road to Cairo" shortly after the album's release. In the early-1970s, Spooky Tooth and The Hollies would cover "Down River."
Track listing
All songs composed by David Ackles.
"The Road to Cairo" – 5:16
"When Love is Gone" – 3:20
"Sonny Come Home" – 2:59
"Blue Ribbons" – 4:37
"What a Happy Day" – 2:14
"Down River" – 3:57
"Laissez-Faire" – 1:36
"Lotus Man" – 2:49
"His Name Is Andrew" – 6:11
"Be My Friend" – 4:48
Personnel
David Ackles – piano, vocals
Danny Weis – guitar
Douglas Hastings – guitar
Jerry Penrod – bass guitar
Michael Fonfara – organ
Jon Keliehor – percussion
Technical
Bruce Botnick, Brain Ross-Myring – engineer
Bob Fisher – audio mastering
Joel Brodsky – photography
William S. Harvey – art direction, cover art concept, cover art
Richie Unterberger – liner notes
References
1968 debut albums
David Ackles albums
Elektra Records albums
Albums produced by David Anderle
Albums with cover art by Joel Brodsky |
5390040 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20Chizhevsky | Alexander Chizhevsky | Alexander Leonidovich Chizhevsky (, also Aleksandr Leonidovich Tchijevsky) (7 February 1897 – 20 December 1964) was a Soviet-era interdisciplinary scientist, a biophysicist who founded "heliobiology" (study of the sun's effect on biology) and "aero-ionization" (study of effect of ionization of air on biological entities). He was also noted for his work in "cosmo-biology", biological rhythms and hematology."
Chizhevsky used historical research (historiometry) techniques to link the 11-year solar cycle, Earth’s climate, and the mass activity of peoples.
Life and career
Chizhevsky was born in the town of Tsekhanovets (Ciechanowiec in Polish) in Grodno Governorate of the Russian Empire (now Poland). His father Leonid Vasilievich Chizhevsky was a Russian military general. He spent his early years, and later his teenage years, in Kaluga. As a youth he met Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, a noted space scientist, who also lived in Kaluga. Chizhevsky was educated at the private modern school of F. Shakhmagonov. In 1915 he spent his summer observing the sun and first hypothesized the effect of periodic changes in solar activity on the organic world. In 1916 he entered World War I as a Russian, fighting on the Galician front and earning a Cross of Saint George. There, he observed directly that battles tended to wax and wane with the strength of solar flares and geomagnetic storms during the concurrent height of solar cycle 15.
In 1918, Chizhevsky graduated from the Moscow Commercial Institute with a degree in archeology. His Moscow State University Doctorate of Philosophy thesis was "On the periodicity of the world-historical process". (He would later call his view point heliotaraxy or heliotaraxia.) He lectured at Moscow University and Moscow Archaeological Institute on the History of Science in the Ancient World and the History of Archaeological Discovery. He attended lectures in physics and mathematics and studied at the Medical Department of Moscow University while working at the Lazarev Biophysical Research Institute. Nobel Prize in Chemistry winner Svante Arrhenius invited Chizhevsky to work for him. At a home laboratory Chizhevsky performed research on the influence of ionized air on animals, establishing the physiological action of negative and positive ions in the air on living organisms. (Negative ions making them more excitable and positive making them more lethargic.) He went on to work in the Duorv Zoo-Psychology Laboratory as a senior scientist and professor. During this time he compiled statistics on biospheric processes and their connection with cycles of solar activity.
In 1926, Chizhevsky worked with Konstantin Tsiolkovsky in the world's first experimental research in the field of space biology. In 1929 he was elected to the Tulan Academy of Sciences and He lectured on biophysics at Columbia University in New York City. In 1931 he set up the Central Research Laboratory for Ionisation in USSR. His work in aero-ionification was supported by the Soviet government and was recognized by a Resolution of the Council of People's Commissars of USSR. In 1935 he discovered the metachromasy of bacteria – the so-called "Chizhevskii-Velkhover effect" – enabling solar emissions that were hazardous to man both on Earth and in space, to be forecast. He was head of two aero-ionisation laboratories. In 1939 he was the Honorary President of the International Congress of Bio-physics held in New York City.
In 1942, Soviet leader Joseph Stalin became aware of Chizhevsky's research work, including Physical Factors Of The Historical Process, and Chizhevsky was asked to retract his writings on solar cycles, which contradicted Soviet theories of the reasons for the Russian revolutions of 1905 and 1917. He refused, was arrested and spent eight years in a forced labor gulag in the Ural mountains. He was released in 1950 and resettled in Karaganda in Kazakhstan where he underwent eight years of Soviet "rehabilitation" where he conducted science work in coal mines of Karaganda. While he no longer wrote on solar cycle theory, he returned to Moscow and introduced aero-ionic therapy (similar to negative air ionization therapy) into some medical establishments. He became a scientific consultant and ran an aero-ionification laboratory under the USSR State Planning Organisation.
Chizhevsky also was a painter of water colors shown in Soviet galleries and the composer of hundreds of poems. Chizhevsky died in Moscow in 1964 after a long illness. An "In memoriam" in the International Journal of Biometeorology stated that he had "carved new paths and approaches to the vast expanse of unexplored fields." He is buried in Pyatnitskoye cemetery in Moscow with a headstone featuring an engraved carving representing the sun.
Sunspots and mass excitability
Chizhevsky proposed that not only did geomagnetic storms resulting from sunspot-related solar flares affect electrical usage, plane crashes, epidemics and grasshopper infestations, but human mental life and activity. Increased negative ionization in the atmosphere increased human mass excitability. Chizhevsky proposed that human history is influenced by the eleven-year peaks in sunspot activity, triggering humans en masse to act upon existing grievances and complaints through revolts, revolutions, civil wars and wars between nations.
He analyzed sunspot records (and approximated records), comparing them to riots, revolutions, battles and war in Russia and seventy-one other countries for the period 500 BCE to 1922 CE. (A process known as historiometry.) He found that a significant percent of what he classified as the most important historical events involving large numbers of people occurred around sunspot maximum. Edward R. Dewey, founder of the Foundation for the Study of Cycles, analyzed and published his data in 1951 in the Foundation's publications. In a 1971 book Dewey described the "four components" of Chizhevsky's eleven-year cycle and their approximate lengths: 1) a three-year period of minimum activity characterized by passivity and autocratic rule; 2) a two-year period during which masses begin to organize under new leaders and one theme; 3) a three-year period of maximum excitability, revolution and war; 4) a three-year period of gradual decrease in excitability until the masses are apathetic. Dewey questioned Chizhevsky's theory because in Chizhevsky's data, the sunspot cycle height lagged about a year ahead his "mass excitability index."
In 1992 Arcady A. Putilov, a researcher in Animal and Human Physiology, published a paper empirically testing Chizhevsky hypothesis analyzing events described in Soviet historical handbooks. Putilov found that the frequency and "polarity" of events, including revolution, is the highest in the years of the solar cycle maximum and the lowest in the year before the minimum. In 1996 professor of psychology Suitbert Ertel (University of Göttingen) corroborated a "substantial" relationship between solar activity and revolutionary behavior through statistical analysis of a "Master Index of Violence from Below" (MIVE) for the period 1700–1985 CE.
Legacy
Chizhevsky is recognized as the founder of solar-earth research, having proved that the Sun's activity has an effect on many terrestrial phenomena. His works, mostly published in Russian, are more widely accepted there.
In 1965, The Soviet Academy of Sciences formed a special commission to research Chizhevsky's archives. In 1998 a Novosti Russian News Agency press release described his work and wrote that he had prospects of becoming the USSR's first Nobel Prize winner until his sunspot cycle theory was branded as heresy and he was sentenced to a labour camp.
A main-belt asteroid (or minor planet) discovered by Soviet astronomer Nikolai Stepanovich Chernykh in 1978 is named 3113 Chizhevskij after Chizhevsky.
In 1996, a cycles conference attended by some 500 researchers was held in Stavropol in Russia to honour the centenary of Chizhevsky's birth.
The Chizhevsky Science Center opened in Kaluga, Russia, in 2000, in the home where Chizhevsky lived and worked for a number of years. It is part of the Tsiolkovsky Museum. There Chizhevsky researched sun-earth relations and conducted experimental research on the effects of ionized air on a living organism, laying down basics of air-ionization. The center features exhibits, photographs and films, lectures and tours.
Bibliography
Alexander Chizhevsky, "Physical Factors of the Historical Process," (paper) Kaluga, 1924. (Included in a downloaded file from Astrotheos.com.)
Alexander Chizhevsky, The Terrestrial Echo of Solar Storms, 366 pp. 1976, Moscow, (First published in 1936 in )
Alexander Chizhevsky, Space Pulse of Life. (Originally titled The Earth In The Embrace Of The Sun), Moscow: Misl, 1995 (in Russian) with preface to by L. V. Golovanov.
John T Burns, Cosmic Influences on Humans, Animals and Plants: An Annotated Bibliography, 1997, Magill Bibliographies, .
Prof. L.A. Blyumenfel’d, editor, Solar Activity & The Biosphere: Heliobiology. From A.L. Chizhevsky To The Present by Boris M. Vladimirsky, N.A. Temuryants/Temurjants. Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. 1999. 30 pages, 93 figures, 24 tables, and Bibliography with 500 items. Distributed by: International Independent Ecological & Politological University, Ulitsa Krasnokazatskaya 44, Zdanie MEI Moscow Power Generation Institute Building, Moscow, Russia.
See also
Heliobiology
Chronobiology
Solar variation
Geochemistry
Biogeochemistry
Radiogeology
War cycles
Revolutionary wave
List of astronomical cycles
Edward R. Dewey
Nikolai Kondratiev
Konstantin Tsiolkovsky
References
External links
Chizhevsky Science Center
1897 births
1964 deaths
People from Ciechanowiec
People from Belsky Uyezd (Grodno Governorate)
Soviet scientists
Cosmists
Moscow State University alumni
Plekhanov Russian University of Economics alumni
Burials at Pyatnitskoye Cemetery |
3996685 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20II%2C%20Landgrave%20of%20Hesse | William II, Landgrave of Hesse | William II (29 April 1469 – 11 July 1509) was Landgrave of Lower Hesse from 1493 and Landgrave of Upper Hesse after the death of his cousin, William III, Landgrave of Upper Hesse in 1500.
William II is also called "William the Middle" to distinguish him from his elder brother "William I the Elder", and his cousin "William III, the Younger". His parents were Louis II the Frank (1438–1471) and Mechthild, daughter of Count Louis II of Württemberg.
William II became Landgrave of Lower Hesse in 1493, after his brother William I resigned.
On 9 November 1497 William II married Yolande, daughter of Frederick II of Vaudémont. She died on 21 May 1500 after the marriage produced one child, William (27 March 1500 – 8 April 1500). The same year on 20 October, his second marriage was to Anna of Mecklenburg-Schwerin (14 September 1485 – 12 May 1525), who bore him three children:
Elisabeth (4 March 1502 – 6 December 1557)
Magdalena (18 July 1503 – September 1504)
Philip I, (13 November 1504 – 31 March 1567)
In 1500, William II reunited the Landgraviate of Hesse after the death of his cousin William III. In 1503, Emperor Maximilian I commissioned William with executing the ban on Elector Philip of the Palatinate.
Ancestors
External links
Wikisource: Allgemeine Deutsche Biographie, "Wilhelm II. (Landgraf von Hessen)"
Genealogy of William II
|-
1469 births
1509 deaths
Landgraves of Hesse
House of Hesse
Burials at St. Elizabeth's Church, Marburg |
5390068 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyming%20recipe | Rhyming recipe | A rhyming recipe is a recipe expressed in the form of a rhyming poem. Now mainly a curiosity, rhyming recipes were a common expedient for homemakers to memorize recipes in the late 19th and early 20th century.
Example: Sydney Smith's recipe for salad dressing
As an example, here is a poem that provides a recipe for salad dressing. The poem was written by Sydney Smith, an English writer and clergyman, a wit and a liberal reformer, who is also known for being one of the founders of the Edinburgh Review.
The poem is as follows:
The poem was reproduced in the book Common Sense in The Household: A Manual of Practical Housewifery by Marion Harland, a pen name of Mary Virginia Hawes Terhune, which was to become the most successful American cookbook at the end of the 19th century, selling over 10 million copies.
Through this book Sydney Smith's recipe became quite popular amongst American cooks, who would know the above doggerel by heart.
Notes
References
The Dictionary of American Food and Drink, J.F. Mariani, Ticknor & Fields, New Haven, Connecticut, 1983. Library of Congress TX349.M26
External links
, Nebraska State Historical Society
Common Sense in The Household: A Manual of Practical Housewifery by Marion Harland, New York: Scribner, Armstrong & Co., 1873.
Rhyming Recipes Continue To Intrigue Readers, column by poemlearners
poemlearners.us, article by poemlearners — look under "poemlearners"
English poems
Genres of poetry |
5390071 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Downfield | Downfield | Downfield may refer to:
Downfield, Dundee, an area of Dundee, Scotland
Downfield F.C., a Scottish junior football club based in the Downfield area of Dundee
Downfield Sixth Form, a sixth-form college located in Stroud, Gloucestershire |
3996692 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quince%20Orchard%20High%20School | Quince Orchard High School | Quince Orchard High School (QOHS), also known as Q.O. High School, is a secondary school located on Quince Orchard Road in the Quince Orchard neighborhood of Gaithersburg in Montgomery County, Maryland, United States.
Academics
According to materials from the school, Quince Orchard "encourages advanced studies in both the arts and books." To this end, 31 Advanced Placement courses are offered, ranging from the arts to world history to science and math. The school boasts higher-than-average SAT (544 verbal, 558 math) and ACT (22 composite) scores, and requires 75 hours of community service for graduation.
In 2006, Quince Orchard High School was the 456th highest-rated school according to Newsweek magazines list of the top 1,300 high schools in the United States.
In 2014, Quince Orchard was ranked the sixth best high school in the state of Maryland and 176th in the United States by U.S. News & World Report on their list of best high schools.
Arts
The school has theater and music departments. In the spring of 2008, the Quince Orchard High School Chamber Singers performed at the Kennedy Center with the Manhattan Concert Productions. Over the years the theater department has staged nearly 50 productions, including Up the Down Staircase and the musical Grease, which was critically acclaimed by the National Theater Critics Program.
Students produce The Prowler newspaper and the yearbook Tracks.
The Quince Orchard High School Marching Band went to the inaugural USSBA National Championship and achieved a Montgomery County-record score of 90.275. The next year, the band received their second record-breaking score for Montgomery County, Maryland, of 92.325, and placed 9th out of 18 national groups. In 2008, the marching band won the USSBA Group IV Open Maryland State Championships with the show "Jekyll and Hyde". In 2012, the marching band won the USSBA Group IIIA Maryland State Championships with the show "Alive and Amplified".
Student demographics
For the 2015–2016 school year, Quince Orchard had a total enrollment of 1,926 students. During the 2015–2016 school year, the school's student body was 51.3% non-Hispanic white, 15.6% African American, 15.7% Asian American, 17.1% Hispanic and Latino American, and 0.3% Native American.
Zone
Quince Orchard's incoming freshmen come from Lakelands Park and Ridgeview Middle School, as well as Roberto Clemente Middle School's magnet program.
Until the end of the 2007 school year, Quince Orchard also enrolled students who had graduated from Kingsview Middle School.
Starting in 2010, Quince Orchard High School enrolled students who graduated from Parkland Middle School.
History
In 1984, the Montgomery County Council voted to build Quince Orchard High School in order to reduce crowding at Gaithersburg High School, and it allocated $20 million for its construction in 1984. The school was expected to have 1,680 students upon opening, and it was designed to have a capacity of 2,000 students. In 1987, a group of parents asked the Board of Education to name the school Potomac Falls High School instead, but the Board of Education decided to name it Quince Orchard High School because it was being built on Quince Orchard Road. Construction costs ended up totaling $26 million by the time the school opened on September 6, 1988.
Quince Orchard High School did not have a senior class during its first school year open, which made it difficult for its athletic teams to compete with other high schools in sports where size and experience are particularly advantageous. Its football team's record was 1-8 in its first season. The softball field was not built in time for the first school year, and the school used the baseball field for field hockey. Despite tennis courts not being completed until midway through the first school year, the tennis team finished 5-7 that year.
Quince Orchard became the first public school in the state of Maryland to have a Sports Broadcasting Network in 2019. The QO Sports Network, founded by student Adam Gotkin, broadcasts select Quince Orchard athletic events.
Notable alumni
Jason Ankrah, NFL football player
Baiyu, singer
Astrid Ellena, Miss Indonesia 2011, Indonesia's representative in Miss World 2011 (Top 15)
Paul James, actor
Zach Kerr, NFL football player
John Papuchis, college football coach
Wale, rapper
Darnell Wilson, boxer
Jesse Tittsworth, DJ/Producer
Mary Wiseman, Star Trek: Discovery actress
References
External links
Public high schools in Montgomery County, Maryland
Educational institutions established in 1988
1988 establishments in Maryland |
5390085 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Farseekers | The Farseekers | The Farseekers is the second novel in the Obernewtyn Chronicles series by Isobelle Carmody. It was first published by Penguin Books in Australia in 1990. In 1991, it was selected as an Honour Book for "Book of the Year for Older Readers" in the Children's Book Council of Australia Awards.
Two years on from the conclusion of Obernewtyn, the story follows the now thriving secret community of misfits at Obernewtyn. An expedition sets out to both rescue a powerful Misfit in a distant part of the Land and a lost library, but only Elspeth, its leader, knows how much is at stake. A dangerous journey, the group much succeed and return to Obernewtyn before the pass closes. In the midst of all this, Elspeth learns of her destiny to find and destroy the weaponmachines which caused the Great White.
Internationally published, in the United Kingdom, the United States of America, and Portugal, the novel has received positive reviews. The Library Journal stated that it "blends graceful storytelling with appealing characters" and Publishers Weekly indicates it is "better than its predecessor"; criticisms include its lack of intricate character development and its complexity.
Summary
Context
Two years on from where Obernewtyn ended, Obernewtyn is thriving as a secret community for Misfits. Rushton is now the legal owner of the site, spreading the rumour Obernewtyn had been destroyed in a firestorm (deadly storm of flames). The community is separated into six guilds: Healing, Futuretelling (those who can see the future), Coercing (those who can force others to think or act differently), Beasting (those who can communicate with animals), Farseeking (those with the ability to send out a mental probe) and Teknoguild (study of the time before the Great White, particularly machines). Each guild has a guildmaster/mistress, a guilden (2IC), and warden (3IC). Elspeth is guildmistress of the Farseekers. The front doors which contained the map of the weaponmachines have been destroyed.
Voice and setting
The novel is written in the first-person and is based around a journey made to the lower lands. Beginning at Obernewtyn, they travel through the White Valley to the Druid's Camp, then through Tor mountain to Rangorn. They then travel on to the major city of Aborium, and then on to the Beforetime ruin. Returning home, they go back to Rangorn and through the secret pass over Tor. Elspeth is flown to the Agyllian eyrie before travelling through the mountains back to Obernewtyn.
Plot
Rushton returns from a journey around the highlands and immediately calls a meeting of all the leaders of the guilds (guildmerge). At the meeting, Elspeth and Pavo propose a joint expedition of their guilds to the West Coast, in order to recover an untouched Beforetime (time before Great White) book cache, as well as rescue a person with very strong mental abilities. Rushton proposes a safe house be set up in the capital, Sutrium, so they can be informed of the Council's movements, with the person to do this joining their expedition. This expedition is unanimously approved. Suddenly the cat Maruman falls into a fitful coma and Elspeth enters his mind to help bring him back. Inside his mind, a voice of an Agyllian reminds Elspeth of her promise to destroy the weaponmachines, a journey she must make alone. Later, Zarak bumps into an unknown Misfit mind while farseeking, who is a novice Herder in Darthnor cloister. Elspeth contacts the novice, named Jik, who initially believes she is a demon sent to test his faith. After subsequent conversations, she reveals she too is a Misfit and offers him a home at Obernewtyn. A small group of Farseekers rescue him, making it look as if he had drowned. Meanwhile, Elspeth, in response to the horses’ refusal to be ridden, strikes a bargain with their leader, Gahltha, that the upcoming expedition be treated as a test as to whether they can work as equals. He agrees on the condition that only Elspeth rides him, as both parties should risk their leaders. Just before the expedition sets off, a prophecy reveals Jik must join them and they must be back before the pass closes in winter, or Obernewtyn will fall.
Disguised as a gypsy troop, they attempt to find a secret pass through the lower mountains, but are taken captive by armsmen of Henry Druid (infamous rebel leader). Inside the well-established camp, their mental abilities are suddenly constrained and the group are separated. After being questioned by Druid about Obernewtyn, Kella and Elspeth are invited to dinner with the men in order to arrange bonding (marriage) of them to some armsmen. The head armsmen, Gilbert, takes a liking to her and speaks at length of his life and the camp. Later, Elspeth finds a secret group of Misfits led by Druid's secret deaf daughter and learns the block on their abilities is caused by a Misfit baby. Elspeth and Kella, intended to be bonded that night, escape with the rest of the group during a large storm. Dominic, who had eluded capture, built large rafts at Elspeth's earlier request, on which the group escape their pursuers into the mountain rapids. Halfway down, they come across a ruined Beforetime city in a large cavern. After exiting the mountain via a large waterfall, they are nursed back to health by a rebel couple. In return, the group agree to go to Aborium to see if their son, Brydda, is fine. Domick leaves them to travel to Sutrium to set up the safe house. In Aborium, Elspeth asks for him at the specified inn but is taken prisoner instead. Rescued by one of Brydda's friends, she is taken to see him. Meanwhile, Kella, Jik and Pavo are taken captive by the Herders and are held in the local cloister. Realising Jik is an escaped novice, the Herders intend to send him to Herder Isle (island containing core of order) that night for interrogation. Elspeth breaks in and frees the other two, but she is too late to free Jik. With Brydda's help they are able to cause enough commotion on the wharf to rescue him.
Outside the city, they, with Brydda, travel north to their destination, the ruins containing the library. The ruins are deserted as they are believed to be haunted. The group find a wild girl, capable of causing horrific visions with her mind, and discover that she is the Misfit they seek. After being coaxed with food, the girl, dubbed ‘Dragon’, eventually follows them back and joins their group. They also take back many books from the Beforetime library. After returning to Brydda's parents house, Domick rushes in to warn them of the approaching soldierguards, and tells them that Ariel is alive. Fleeing, Brydda reveals the secret pass through the mountains, which the group safely traverse with Jik's dog's directions. However, on emerging from the other side, a firestorm bears down on them. Although Elspeth is dragged to safety by Daffyd, someone she met many years earlier, Jik perishes in the flames. Elspeth convinces Daffyd to take the others back to Obernewtyn before the pass closes, as the mental barrier blocking the pain in her badly injured feet caused by the Zebrakhen had collapsed. Alone and dying, Elspeth is taken by Guannette birds (Agyllians) to the highest mountain where they teach her body to heal itself. The leader, Atthis, who spoke to her earlier in Maruman's mind, reminds her of her quest, and the existence of the Destroyer who is destined to try and use the weaponmachines. After taking months to heal, Elspeth is returned to the wintery highlands where Gahltha awaits her to take her back to Obernewtyn. There Elspeth sees a ruin, destroyed by a firestorm, and a soldierguard camp set up nearby with Rushton and others captive inside. She meets Daffyd, who reveals that the ruins are a vision caused by Dragon to fool soldierguards, who soon flee in fear of catching a deadly disease. The others, who had presumed her dead, are mystified and overjoyed at her arrival, particularly Rushton.
Reception
Critical
Overall, The Farseekers has been very positively received. The Library Journal states that it "blends graceful storytelling with appealing characters", and Publishers Weekly indicates that there are "engaging characters, pacing and plots" and that it is "better than its predecessor". Liz Manning of the Youth Services Book Review feels "the plot is exciting, filled with twists and turns and unexpected pitfalls". Kirkus Reviews describes it as "competently wrought but earnest and familiar" as a young-adult novel.
Review Stream states the book is "darker than the last" and "a cautionary tale to encourage [environmental] awareness".
Marie Soriano of the National Center for the Study of Children's Literature feels it is a "well-written page turner" but that is misses the intricate character development present in Obernewtyn which had emotionally endeared the character to the reader. Some state that the wash of new information is sometimes overwhelming.
Awards and nominations
In 1991, The Farseekers was an Honour Book for "Book of the Year for Older Readers" in the Children's Book Council of Australia Awards.
Publication history
Single Book Publications:
Combined Volumes:
Foreign language publications
In 2009, a Portuguese edition was published in Portugal by Bertrand Editora entitled ' Elspeth - Os Libertadores do Pensamento ' (translated by Ana Neto). This roughly translate to 'Elspeth - The Liberators of Thought'.
Audiobooks
In 1991, the Royal Blind Society (NSW) produced an audio recording of The Farseekers on cassette, narrated by Christine Jeffery.
References
External links
1990 Australian novels
1990 science fiction novels
Australian science fiction novels
Australian fantasy novels
Australian young adult novels
Science fantasy novels
Obernewtyn Chronicles
Viking Press books |
5390091 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AJet%20%28disambiguation%29 | AJet (disambiguation) | Ajet, AJet, AJET, ajet may refer to:
Helios Airways, later renamed to "AJet" (αjet), a Cypriot airline
Australasian Journal of Educational Technology
Africa Journal of Evangelical Theology
"Association of Japan Exchange and Teaching" (AJET), support association for the JET Programme
AJET Holdings, the parent company to Ryan International Airlines
Surnamed "Ajet"
See also
11 Squadron (Belgium), "AJeTS", the Belgian Advanced Jet Training School |
5390111 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20E.%20Washington | Joseph E. Washington | Joseph Edwin Washington (November 10, 1851 – August 28, 1915) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 6th congressional district of Tennessee.
Early life
Washington was born on November 10, 1851 on his family tobacco plantation, Wessyngton, near Cedar Hill, Tennessee in Robertson County. His father, George Augustine Washington, was a planter and major slaveholder, a director of the Louisville and Nashville Railroad and the Nashville and Chattanooga Railroad, and a member of the Tennessee General Assembly from 1873 to 1875.
Washington received his early instruction at home and graduated from Georgetown College in Washington, D.C. on June 26, 1873. He studied law with the first law class organized at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, Tennessee in 1874. He was admitted to the bar, but never practiced. He took over management of Wessyngton Plantation and entered politics.
Career
From 1877 to 1879 Washington was a member of the Tennessee House of Representatives. In 1886 he was elected as a Democrat to the Fiftieth United States Congress, and was re-elected to the four succeeding Congresses. He served from March 4, 1887 to March 3, 1897, but he was not a candidate for renomination in 1896. He was the chairman of the United States House Committee on Territories during the Fifty-second Congress.
Appointed road commissioner, Washington had charge of the road construction work of Robertson County. He was a member of the Board of Trustees of Vanderbilt University and a director of the Nashville, Chattanooga & St. Louis and Nashville & Decatur Railroads. He resumed agricultural pursuits, managing the family's tobacco plantation, Wessyngton, in Robertson County, Tennessee.
Personal life and death
Washington married Mary Bolling Kemp and they had four children, George, Anne, Joseph, and Elizabeth.
Washington died on August 28, 1915, (aged 63) on the family estate. He is interred at the family burying ground on his estate.
References
External links
1851 births
1915 deaths
People from Robertson County, Tennessee
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
Tennessee Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
Vanderbilt University alumni
Georgetown University alumni
19th-century American businesspeople |
3996698 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20Bloom | Jeremy Bloom | Jeremy Bloom (born April 2, 1982) is an American former skier and American football player. He is the only athlete in history to both ski in the Winter Olympics and be drafted into the National Football League.
As a skier, he is a one-time world champion, two-time Olympian, and 10-time World Cup gold medalist. He was inducted into the National Ski Hall of Fame in 2013. In 2006, he won a then-record six straight World Cup events in a single season.
As a football player, Bloom was a freshman All-American at the University of Colorado. He was drafted by the Philadelphia Eagles in the 2006 NFL Draft and was also a member of the Pittsburgh Steelers, but did not play a competitive game for either team.
Personal life
Bloom was born in Fort Collins, Colorado, the son of Charlene, a ski and fly fishing instructor, and Larry Bloom, a clinical psychologist, and grew up in nearby Loveland. His older sister, Molly Bloom, is an author and former organizer of illegal poker games who wrote Molly's Game, and was the inspiration for the film of the same name. His cousin is ice hockey player Colby Cohen. Bloom's father is Jewish and his mother is Christian.
Skiing career
Bloom grew up skiing in Keystone, Colorado. At 15 he became the youngest male freestyle skier to ever make the United States Ski Team. In 2005, he became the first freestyle skier to win six straight races in a single season. He ended 2005 as the top-ranked freestyle skier in the world and number one in moguls for the second time. He finished 9th in the 2002 Olympics and 6th in the 2006 Olympics. After the 2006 Olympics, Bloom focused his attention solely on football.
On November 24, 2008, Bloom announced his intention to attend the United States ski team's training camp to assess the possibility of a 2010 return to Olympic skiing. On December 16, 2008, Bloom was added to the 39 man roster of the U.S. Ski Team.
Bloom was featured in The Weight of Gold (2020), an HBO Sports Documentary which "explor(es) the mental health challenges that Olympic athletes often face."
College football career
Bloom was a wide receiver and punt returner for the University of Colorado football team. He was selected to the first-team Freshman All-America list by the FWAA.
On October 5, 2002, Bloom caught a pass from Robert Hodge against Kansas State in Boulder that resulted in a touchdown. On this play Bloom set four Colorado team records that stood as of 2020: all-time longest passing play, longest scoring play from scrimmage, longest gain on a first career reception, longest gain by a freshman.
Bloom holds the Colorado team record for most combined return yards (kick & punt) in a single game, set against Baylor University in Waco, Texas on October 4, 2003 (143 kickoff and 107 punt).
After a long fought battle with the NCAA to keep his skiing hopes alive for the 2006 Winter Olympics the NCAA declared him permanently ineligible, cutting short his college football career by two years. Two days after competing in the 2006 Olympics Bloom participated in the NFL Scouting Combine.
Professional football career
Philadelphia Eagles
On April 30, 2006, Bloom was selected by the Philadelphia Eagles in the fifth round (147th overall) of the 2006 NFL Draft. He was featured in the NFL TV show Hey Rookie, Welcome To The NFL. He practiced with the team all through mini-camp as a punt and kick returner, but injured his hamstring during training camp, placing him on injured reserve. Bloom remained with the team for the 2006 season. After spending his entire rookie year on injured reserve, Bloom averaged 20.3 yards on 12 kickoff returns and 7.8 yards on 10 punt returns during the 2007 preseason. He was released by the Eagles prior to the regular season.
Pittsburgh Steelers
On December 31, 2007, Bloom was signed by the Pittsburgh Steelers in preparation for the 2008 AFC playoff game against the Jacksonville Jaguars. He began 2008 training camp with the Steelers. He was released by the Steelers on August 25, 2008.
Other ventures
Leading up to the 2006 NFL draft, Bloom, along with fellow rookies Vernon Davis and A. J. Hawk, appeared in ads for Under Armour's new line of football cleats, with the slogan "Click Clack (I think they hear us coming)." He was also the feature in an ABC Olympic commercial and 80-hour fitness commercial.
Bloom has modeled with Tommy Hilfiger, Abercrombie & Fitch (A&F:Rising Stars Christmas 2004), GQ Magazine and Cosmopolitan magazine. He was a frequent guest host on Video Stew on Palladia and was a VJ for the channel. He has appeared on magazine covers for Cargo, Outside, Sports Illustrated on Campus, Hooked on the Outdoors, and Mile High Sports.
In March 2003, Bloom won the 30th annual CBS Superstars Competition in Jamaica; he defeated nine professional athletes that included Dexter Jackson, Ahman Green, and Will Allen.
In 2012, Bloom participated in the dating game show The Choice.
In April 2010, Bloom along with Hart Cunningham co-founded the marketing software company, Integrate. In 2013, Bloom was a finalist for the Ernst & Young Entrepreneur of the Year.
Bloom is a college football and Olympic sports television analyst and has worked for ESPN, Fox, NBC and The Pac-12 Network.
In the spring of 2008, Bloom launched The Donna Wheeler Foundation, later renamed to the Jeremy Bloom Wish of a Lifetime Foundation. The non-profit, 501(c)(3) foundation's mission is to help low income seniors experience their lifelong wishes. Bloom also appeared as a narrator in a few Warren Miller ski films.
World Cup skiing results
2006 Mont Gabriel, World Cup 2
2005 Ruka FIN World Ski Championships Dual 3
2005 Voss NOR World Cup 2
2005 Sauze D'Oulx ITA World Cup 1
2005 Naeba JPN World Cup 1
2005 Inawashiro JPN World Cup 1
2005 Inawashiro JPN World Cup 1
2005 Deer Valley, UT USA World Cup 1
2005 Deer Valley, UT USA World Cup 1
2005 Mont Tremblant, QC CAN World Cup 2
2004 Spindleruv Mlyn CZE World Cup 1
2004 Naeba JPN World Cup 3
2004 Inawashiro JPN World Cup 3
2004 Jisan KOR FIS Race 2
2004 Deer Valley, UT USA World Cup Dual 2
2003 Ruka FIN World Cup 2
2003 Madarao JPN World Cup 1
2003 Steamboat USA World Cup 1
2003 Deer Valley World Ski Championships Duals 1
2003 Deer Valley USA World Ski Championships 2
2003 Mont Tremblant, QC CAN World Cup 2
2002 Ruka FIN World Cup Moguls 2
2002 Inawashiro JPN World Cup Moguls 2
2002 Lake Placid, NY USA World Cup 1
2002 Steamboat USA World Cup Moguls 3
2002 Tignes FRA World Cup Moguls 3
References
External links
U.S. Olympic Team bio
Philadelphia Eagles bio
Pittsburgh Steelers bio
The Wish of a Lifetime
1982 births
Living people
People from Loveland, Colorado
American male freestyle skiers
American people of Jewish descent
Male models from Colorado
Olympic freestyle skiers of the United States
American football return specialists
American football wide receivers
University of Colorado alumni
Colorado Buffaloes football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
College football announcers
Freestyle skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Freestyle skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Participants in American reality television series
Olympic freestyle skiers of the National Football League
Jewish American sportspeople
Players of American football from Colorado
21st-century American Jews
Olympic Games broadcasters |
5390117 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Henry%20Verrall | George Henry Verrall | George Henry Verrall (7 February 1848 – 16 September 1911) was a British horse racing official, entomologist, botanist and Conservative politician.
Horse racing
Verrall was born in Lewes, Sussex. Following education at Lewes Grammar School he became secretary to his elder brother, John Frederick Verrall. John Verrall was a horse-racing official, being clerk of the course at many of the country's biggest meetings. When John died in 1877, George succeeded him. He moved to Newmarket, Suffolk, the centre of the horse-breeding industry, in 1878.
Entomology
Verrall had a keen interest in natural history, particularly entomology. He joined the Entomological Society in 1866, was honorary secretary from 1872–1874 and president from 1899–1900.
Verrall was one of the most influential British dipterists and worked extensively on several families with his nephew James Edward Collin, (1876–1968). Verrall purchased the collections of several European dipterists: Ferdinand Kowarz (1838–1914), which contained many types of Hermann Loew (1807–1878); Jacques-Marie-Frangile Bigot and Pierre-Justin-Marie Macquart (1778–1855). These, together with the flies (Between them Verrall and Collin described some 900 species of Diptera) collected by Collin and Verrall himself are in the Hope Entomological Collections at the University of Oxford. He published two books on the subject:
Platypezidae, Pipunculidae and Syrphidae of Great Britain. - British flies (1901)
Stratiomyidae and succeeding families of the Diptera Brachycera of Great Britain- British flies (1909)
The Verrall Association of Entomologists
The Verrall Association of Entomologists continues to honour the tradition of an annual supper of entomologists: begun in 1887 by G.H. Verrall as the Annual Entomological Club Supper. The supper enables amateur and professional entomologists to meet once a year at a social gathering as mutual workers in their special branch of science, to exchange ideas, make new friends and meet old ones.
Botany
His interest in botany and conserving wildlife led to Verrall purchasing tracts of Wicken Fen for their preservation. He was able to rediscover a number of species of flora that had been declared extinct sixty years earlier by Cardale Babington, Professor of Botany at the University of Cambridge.
Politics
Politically, Verrall was a strong Unionist, and in 1894 he became chairman of the Newmarket and District Conservative Association. He was a member of Cambridgeshire County Council, Newmarket Urban District Council and Newmarket Board of Guardians. He was in charge of the 1895 campaign that led to Colonel Harry McCalmont winning the parliamentary seat of Newmarket from the Liberals. When McCalmont died in 1902, the Liberal Charles Day Rose regained the seat. In January 1910 he stood against Rose in the general election, becoming Newmarket's Member of Parliament. His period in the Commons was only brief, as Rose regained the seat for the Liberals in the ensuing election in December of the same year.
Death
Verrall, who had been in ill health for some time, had become exhausted by the December 1910 election campaign. After returning from a long holiday abroad, he died of "dropsy" soon after returning to Newmarket in September 1911, aged 64.
References and sources
Evenhuis, N. L. 1997: Litteratura taxonomica dipterorum (1758–1930). Volume 1 (A-K); Volume 2 (L-Z). - Leiden, Backhuys Publishers 1; 2 VII+1-426; 427–871 786–788, Portr. + Schr.verz.
Pont, A. C.The type-material of Diptera (Insecta) described by G.H. Verrall and J.E. Collin. Oxford University Museum Publication 3: x + 223 pp. Clarendon Press, Oxford. (1995).
External links
BBC4 Natural History Heroes Audio biography on George Verrall
Dipterists
English entomologists
1848 births
1911 deaths
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
Members of Cambridgeshire County Council
UK MPs 1910
People from Lewes
Deaths from edema
19th-century English politicians
20th-century English politicians |
3996711 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axel%20Didriksson | Axel Didriksson | Axel Didriksson Takayanagui is a writer, a professor at Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM) and member of the board of the UNESCO Chair on Regional Integration and University at the Autonomous University. He is also the coordinator between the Instituto Internacional para la Educación Superior en América Latina y el Caribe and the UNESCO Chair, as well as the director of the Center of Studies at the University (CESU).
Didriksson is of Swedish and Japanese descent. He is an alumnus of the UNAM and has a PhD in Economics which he received from the National Autonomous University of Mexico (UNAM) University of London:this date is incorrect (Graduate studies in Education). He has written numerous books and articles for El Universal, La Jornada and U-2000.
Didriksson was the former Secretary of Education of the Mexican Federal District.
Awards
Iberoamerican Award for the Promotion and Development of Technologicy, 1995.
Mérito Universitario medal. Universidad de San Buenaventura, Cali, Colombia.
Al Gran Comendador medal. Universidad Misael Saracho, Bolivia, 2000.
Notes
Sources
Profile at Universidad Veracruzana
Year of birth missing (living people)
Mexican people of Japanese descent
Mexican people of Swedish descent
National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni
National Autonomous University of Mexico faculty
Writers from Mexico City
Living people |
3996713 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tawassul | Tawassul | Tawassul is an Arabic word originated from wa-sa-la- wasilat (). The wasilah is a means by which a person, goal or objective is approached, attained or achieved. In another version of the meaning of tawassul in another text: Tawassul is an Arabic word that comes from a verbal noun, wasilah, which according to Ibn Manzur (d. 711/1311) in Lisān al-'Arab means "a station of King, a rank, or act of devotion".
In other words, it refers to a position of power due to one's proximity to the king or sovereign. While the tawassul or tawassulan is the use of wasilah for this purpose. In religious contexts, the tawassul is the use of a wasilah to arrive at or obtain favour of Allah.
Etymology
Tawassul is an Arabic word that comes from a verbal noun, "wasilah", which means "closeness, nearness, proximity, neighbourship". According to Ibn Manzur (d. 711/1311) in Lisān al-'Arab, wasilah means "a station with King, a rank, or act of devotion.
The word wasilat had been stated in the Quran two times ([5:35],[17:57]). It is translated as “a means that can be used to gain nearness to God”. Therefore, the typical meaning of tawassul or tawassulanis use of wasilat to obtain nearness to God.
Concept
Tawassul, as the main habitude of supplications, has key role in to acceptation of them.
O you who believe! be careful of (your duty to) Allah and seek means (wasilah) of nearness to Him and strive hard in His way that you may be successful (Q5:35)
Some classical commentators, including the great Sufi exegetes, such as al-Qushayri (d. 465/1074) explain the use of al-wasilah in this verse to mean avoiding what is prohibited, fulfilling what is enjoined on us, and drawing near to God through good actions. Both Raghib al-Isfahani and Sayyid Muhammad Husayn Tabataba'i opine that al-wasilah means to reach a certain goal through desire, inclination and willingness, and in fact wasilah towards God means observance of his path with knowledge and worship through adherence to the Sharia. It can be deduced from the verse above that intercession (tawassul) is only with the "permission" of Allah. Also, the practice of seeking intercession began during the time of the Islamic prophet Muhammad. An oft-cited Hadith in support of this is one narrated from Uthman ibn Hunaif regarding a blind man who Muslims believe was healed through the process.
The Hadith is as follows:
Various episodes from the life of Muhammad depict him interceding on behalf of his companions, mostly asking God to forgive their sins (Istighfar). For example, Aisha relates that he often slipped quietly from her side at night to go to the cemetery of Al-Baqi' to beseech forgiveness of God for the dead. Similarly, his istighfar is mentioned in the Salat al-Janazah and its efficacy explained.
Another early example of tawassul is represented by the idea of turning to God by means of Muhammad. This appears in an account concerning the story of a blind man who asked Muhammad to pray to God for his health because of his blindness. This hadith is quoted in some major collections of traditions, such as Ahmad ibn Hanbal's musnad:
In the Quran
The Qur'an states: This verse raised the question as to whether or not Muhammad's mediation was still possible after his death. A number of Islamic scholars including Al-Nawawi, Ibn Kathir and Ibn al-Athir in his exegesis relates the following episode, aiming to demonstrate its effectiveness:
A Bedouin of the desert visited the Prophet’s tomb and greeted the Prophet, addressing him directly as if he were alive. “Peace upon you, Messenger of God!” Then he said, “I heard the word of God ‘If, when they had wronged themselves . . .,’ I came to you seeking pardon for my mistakes, longing for your intercession with our Lord!” The Bedouin then recited a poem in praise of the Prophet and departed. The person who witnessed the story says that he fell asleep, and in a dream he saw the Prophet saying to him, “O ‘Utbi, rejoin our brother the Bedouin and announce [to] him the good news that God has pardoned him!”
The Qur'an also states:The above verse lay emphasis on four things:
Faith
Piety (Taqwa)
Search for means of approach
Struggle for Allah's sake
According to the verse, the third regulation after faith in God and piety is " seeking means (of approach to) His (presence and to His nearness and accessibility)". Some of the religious scholars have interpreted wasilah (the means of approach) mentioned in the Quranic verse as faith and good deeds while others, who are majority have explained the word as the prophets, the righteous and favorites of Allah.
Also, the verse reveals that a person seeking means of approach to Allah will have in the first instance a believer and Muttaqeen (a person who fear Allah). Thus wasilah does not amount to associating partner with Allah but rather reaffirms the oneness of Allah, according to the opinion of Muhammad Tahir-ul-Qadri.
Types
There is this agreement among Muslim theologians that a means (tawassul) is acceptable concepts to draw near to Allah but they can't gain unanimity on what kind of means (Tawassul) is permissible. According to the main agreement people can draw near to Allah and invoke him by using of these permissible means such as their good act (their prayer, fasting and reciting the Quran) but there is the discussion on approach to Allah by means of the person of Muhammad and his dignity or other pious Muslims after the death.
Sunni perspective
Various episodes from the life of Muhammad depict him interceding on behalf of his companions, mostly asking God to forgive their sins (Istighfar). For example, Aisha relates that he often slipped quietly from her side at night to go to the cemetery of Al-Baqi' to beseech forgiveness of God for the dead....Similarly, his istighfar is mentioned in the Salat al-Janazah... and its efficacy explained.
All jurists comprising Imami, Shafi'i, Maliki, Hanafi and Hanbali are unanimous on the permissibility of tawassul whether during the lifetime of Muhammad or after his death.
Syrian Islamic scholars Salih al-Nu`man, Abu Sulayman Suhayl al-Zabibi, and Mustafa ibn Ahmad al-Hasan al-Shatti al-Hanbali al-Athari al-Dimashqi have similarly released Fatwas in support of the practice.
Al-Suyuti in his book History of the Caliphs also reports Caliph Umar's prayer for rain after the death of Muhammad and specifies that on that occasion ‘Umar was wearing his mantle (al-burda), a detail confirming his tawassul through Muhammad at that occasion. Sahih al-Bukhari narrates similar situation as:
Shia perspective
Seeking Intercession (tawassul) is accepted and even advised in Shi'a Islam. Shia Scholars refer to Quranic verses such as 5:3, 12:97 and 12:98 and justify its permissibility. During the tawassul prayer Shia Muslims call on the names of Muhammad and the Ahl al-Bayt and use them as their intercessors/intermediaries to God. Shias always pray to and only to Allah, but as other Muslims, they accept tawassul as a means of seeking intercession.
Shia Muslims consider that Tawassul through prophets and Imams of Allah is the great justification of wasilah, because they had gain to the high degree of humanity and after death, they are alive and they are blessed by Allah. So they are kind of means that people use to gain nearness to Allah. Shia Muslim does not consider Tawasull as Bid‘ah and Shirk. According to their tenets, when Tawassul is forbidden that people don't attention that these means was created by Allah and their effect is raised from him.
Shia Muslim visit from grave of Shia Imam and prophets of Allah and consider it as means to gain nearness to Allah.
References
Further reading
Chiabotti, Francesco, Shafa'a (Intercession), in Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (2 vols.), Edited by C. Fitzpatrick and A. Walker, Santa Barbara, ABC-CLIO, 2014.
External links
Supplication through the Prophet Muhammad (al-tawassul) — Dar al-Ifta al-Misriyyah
Intercession in Islam
Tawassul in the Sunnah
The Intermediary of Shirk by Sayyid Muhammad Alawi al-Maliki
Tawassul: Is it permissible?. -
Position of Tawassul and Waseela in Islam
Tawassul: Tawassul seeking way unto Allah.
The Hadith Proofs for Tawassul (Intercession)
Islamic terminology
Islamic prayer
Salah
Sufism
Shia Islam |
3996718 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kevin%20Colbert | Kevin Colbert | Kevin Colbert (; born January 1957) is a former American football executive. He served as the general manager of Pittsburgh Steelers from 2000 to 2021. Colbert is widely credited with putting together the Super Bowl XL and the Super Bowl XLIII teams in Pittsburgh along with owner Dan Rooney, president Art Rooney II, and coaches Bill Cowher and Mike Tomlin.
Biography
A Pittsburgh native, Colbert grew up not far from Three Rivers Stadium on the city's North Side and attended North Catholic High School and Robert Morris University. Colbert has experience in coaching and managing teams in baseball and basketball alongside his primary sport, football. After graduating from Robert Morris University in 1979, he served as a graduate assistant coach on Robert Morris's basketball team from 1979-1981 and also was the head coach of the baseball team in 1981. In 1981, Colbert moved to Ohio Wesleyan University to be their backfield coach and recruiting coordinator from 1981-1983, and served as the school's head baseball coach in 1984.
In 1984, Colbert joined the BLESTO Scouting Organization and from there was hired by the Miami Dolphins as a college scout from 1985-1989. Colbert joined the Detroit Lions as the Pro Scouting Director in 1990, where he was responsible for scouting players at the pro level (the NFL, the NFL Europe League, and the Canadian Football League) as well as assisting with college player evaluation. He joined the Pittsburgh Steelers in 2000 as the Director of Football Operations, assisting in the assembly of two Super Bowl winning teams. In 2010, Colbert was named the Steelers' first ever general manager and was placed in charge of player transactions and acquisitions as the head executive in the Steelers organization.
Colbert and his wife Janis have three children: Kacie, Jennifer, and Daniel as well as two grandchildren, Avery and Brock.
References
1957 births
Living people
Detroit Lions executives
Miami Dolphins scouts
Pittsburgh Steelers executives
Robert Morris Colonials football players
Sportspeople from Pittsburgh
Players of American football from Pittsburgh
National Football League general managers |
3996721 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CSBF | CSBF | CSBF may refer to:
Canadian Stage Band Festival, the former name of MusicFest Canada
Columbia Scientific Balloon Facility, a NASA facility responsible for providing support for unmanned, high altitude balloons
Commission de Supervision Bancaire et Financaire, the Commission for the Supervision of Banking and Finance, a Madagascar government agency
Civil Service Benevolent Fund
Cambodian Southern Baptist Fellowship |
3996740 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rue%20de%20la%20Huchette | Rue de la Huchette | The rue de la Huchette is one of the oldest streets running along the Rive Gauche in Paris. Running eastward just below the Seine river from the Place Saint-Michel, it is today an animated Latin Quarter artery with one of the highest concentrations of restaurants in the city — Greek specialties predominating. It is situated between Boulevard Saint-Michel and Rue du Petit-Pont and faces the cathedral of Notre-Dame de Paris. This almost exclusively pedestrian street is very popular with tourists. Disdained by some guidebooks as "Bacteria Alley", the street nevertheless has an intense night life with no fewer than four pubs and several bars.
The street is celebrated by the American writer Elliot Paul, who lived there in the 1920s and 30s, in The Last Time I Saw Paris(1942).
History
The rue de la Huchette existed as early as 1200 as the rue de Laas, a road running adjacent to a walled vineyard property known then as the clos du Laas. The property was sold and divided for urban development in the early 13th century, grew many noble properties in the centuries following, but from the 17th century the rue de la Huchette was known mostly for its taverns and rotisseries ("meat-roasters").
The inhabitants of the rue de la Huchette in the period leading up to the Second World War are portrayed in Elliot Paul's book The Last Time I Saw Paris, called "A Narrow Street" in the British edition (1942). The period after the Second World War is covered in Paul's book Springtime in Paris (1950).
Origin of the name
From around 1284 the name of a house on the street belonging to the Notre-Dame chapter — À la Huchette d'Or — took the place of the former rue de Laas appellation. The obscure word "huchette" may derive from "hutchet", an old term for a bugle.
Buildings of note
Odd numbers
5 - Le Caveau de la Huchette, a 16th-century building, formerly a hotel (where Elliot Paul lived in the 1920s and 1930s); since 1946, one of Paris's most famous jazz clubs
13 - Building whose ground floor was an office where, from 1684, apothicaires (pharmacists), could find or hire a nurse/medical help.
17 - Building's corner with the rue Xavier Privas original engraving on the stone.
21 - Building dating from 1650.
Even numbers
4 - Building dating from 1729; its former sign "A la Hure d'Or" ("of the Golden Head") is still visible on its façade.
8 - Building dating from 1494.
10 - Former "furnished apartment" house where Napoleon Bonaparte is said to have stayed between 1794 and 1795.
14 - Site of a shop of a 15th-century needlemaker. Although the building dates from a later time, the "Y" signaling the shopowner's trade is still visible in a marble oval above the ground-floor façade. Also visible engraved into the stone at the building's corner with the Rue du Chat-qui-Pêche is the street's name and former arrondissement number.
16 - Building dating from the 18th century.
Other attractions
The street is known for its collection of Greek restaurants. The maitre d's of these establishments often shatter cheap plates on the street in front of their doors to attract attention and entice tourists inside.
Closest transport
Métro line 4, Saint-Michel
Métro line 10, Cluny - la Sorbonne
RER C, Saint-Michel - Notre-Dame
Huchette
Restaurant districts and streets in France |
3996762 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masticophis%20flagellum | Masticophis flagellum | Masticophis flagellum is a species of nonvenomous colubrid snake, commonly referred to as the coachwhip or the whip snake, which is endemic to the United States and Mexico. Six subspecies are recognized, including the nominotypical subspecies.
Geographic range
Coachwhips range throughout the southern United States from coast to coast. They are also found in the northern half of Mexico.
Description
Coachwhips are thin-bodied snakes with small heads and large eyes with round pupils. They vary greatly in color, but most reflect a proper camouflage for their natural habitat. M. f. testaceus is typically a shade of light brown with darker brown flecking, but in the western area of Texas, where the soil color is a shade of pink, the coachwhips are also pink in color. M. f. piceus was given its common name because specimens frequently, but not always, have some red in their coloration. Coachwhip scales are patterned so at first glance, the snake appears braided. Subspecies can be difficult to distinguish in areas where their ranges overlap. Adult sizes of in total length (including tail) are common. The record sized specimen, of the eastern coachwhip race, was in total length. Young specimens, mostly just over in length, were found to have weighed , whereas good-sized mature adults measuring weighed .
Habitat
Coachwhips are commonly found in open areas with sandy soil, open pine forests, old fields, and prairies. They thrive in sandhill scrub and coastal dunes.
Behavior
Coachwhips are diurnal, and actively hunt and eat lizards, small birds, and rodents. Coachwhips subdue prey by grasping and holding them with their jaws and do not use constriction. They tend to be sensitive to potential threats, and often bolt at the first sign of one, and will readily strike if cornered. Their bites can be painful, but generally are harmless unless they become infected, as is the case with any wound. They are curious snakes with good eyesight, and are sometimes seen raising their heads above the level of the grass or rocks to see what is around them. They are extremely fast-moving snakes, able to move up to 4 miles per hour.
Subspecies
Six subspecies of Masticophis flagellum are recognized as being valid, including the nominotypical subspecies.
Masticophis flagellum cingulum – Sonoran coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum flagellum – eastern coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum lineatulus – lined coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum piceus – red coachwhip, red racer
Masticophis flagellum ruddocki – San Joaquin coachwhip
Masticophis flagellum testaceus – western coachwhip
Nota bene: A trinomial authority in parentheses indicates that the subspecies was originally described in a genus other than Masticophis.
Etymology
The subspecific name, ruddocki, is in honor of Dr. John C. Ruddock who was Medical Director for the Richfield Oil Corporation.
Myths
The primary myth concerning coachwhips, that they chase people, likely arises from the snake and the person both being frightened, and both just happening to be going the same way to escape. Coachwhips are fast snakes, often moving faster than a human, and thus give an impression of aggression should they move toward the person.
The legend of the hoop snake may refer to the coachwhip snakes.
Another myth of the rural southeastern United States is of a snake that, when disturbed, would chase a person down, wrap him up in its coils, whip him to death with its tail, and then make sure he is dead by sticking its tail up the victim's nose to see if he is still breathing. In actuality, coachwhips are neither constrictors (snakes that dispatch their prey by suffocating with their coils) nor strong enough to overpower a person. Also, they do not whip with their tails, even though their tails are long and look very much like a whip.
In parts of Mexico, where ranching is a way of life, these snakes are believed to wrap around the legs of cows and feed on their milk as if suckling leaving the nipple dry. They will also hook on any other mammal that produces milk, leaving the young baby dehydrated.
Ranchers also tell stories of chirrioneras, which hypnotize women then latch onto their breasts to feed. If the woman has a crying hungry baby, the snake sticks its tail in the baby's mouth to keep the baby quiet while feeding, then leaves, undetected. This leaves the baby malnourished and getting weaker while the mother can't feed her baby because her breasts have been sucked dry. The story goes that the only way to know if the snake has been there is if the baby has sores around the mouth.
In 1888, a farmer near Orlando, Florida is said to have seen a sixteen foot coachwhip with a head four inches wide. After seeing the snake swallow a rabbit the man moved forward to shoot, when the snake reared its head as high as a person and "began racing back and forth towards him'.
Gallery
References
External links
"Common Snake Myths". Austin Reptile Service.
"The Red Coachwhip".
Further reading
Behler, John L.; King, F. Wayne (1979). The Audubon Society Field Guide to North American Reptiles and Amphibians. New York: Alfred A. Knopf. 743 pp., 657 plates. . (Masticophis flagellum, pp. 328–329 + Plates 469, 491, 553-554, 556, 558).
Boulenger GA (1893). Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume I., Containing the Families ... Colubridæ Aglyphæ, part. London: Trustees of the British Museum (Natural History). (Taylor and Francis Printers). xiii + 448 pp. + Plates I-XXVIII. (Zamenis flagelliformis, pp. 389–390).
Conant, Roger; Bridges, William (1939). What Snake Is That? A Field Guide to the Snakes of the United States East of the Rocky Mountains. (With 108 drawings by Edmond Malnate). New York and London: D. Appleton-Century Company. Frontispiece map + 163 pp. + Plates A-C, 1-32. (Masticophis flagellum, pp. 47–50 + Plate 6, figures 17-18).
Goin, Coleman J.; Goin, Olive B.; Zug, George R. (1978). Introduction to Herpetology, Third Edition. San Francisco: W.H. Freeman and Company. xi + 378 pp. . (Masticophis flagellum, p. 129).
Schmidt, Karl P.; Davis, D. Dwight (1941). Field Book of Snakes of the United States and Canada. New York: G.P. Putnam's Sons. 365 pp., 34 plates, 103 figures. (Coluber flagellum, pp. 127–131 + Figure 29 on p. 122 + Plate 13).
Shaw G (1802). General Zoology, or Systematic Natural History, Vol. III., Part II. London: G. Kearsley. vii + pp. 313–615. (Coluber flagellum, new species, p. 475).
Smith, Hobart M.; Brodie, Edmund D., Jr. (1982). Reptiles of North America: A Guide to Field Identification. New York: Golden Press. 240 pp. (paperback), (hardcover). (Masticophis flagellum, pp. 192–193).
Wright, Albert Hazen; Wright, Anna Allen (1957). Handbook of Snakes of the United States and Canada. Ithaca and London: Comstock Publishing Associates, a division of Cornell University Press. 1,105 pp. (in two volumes). (Masticophis flagellum, pp. 432–450, Figures 130-133, Map 37).
Colubrids
Snakes of North America
Reptiles of Mexico
Reptiles of the United States
Taxa named by George Shaw
Reptiles described in 1802 |
3996774 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saddleworth%20Moor | Saddleworth Moor | Saddleworth Moor is a moorland in North West England. Reaching more than above sea level, it is in the Dark Peak area of the Peak District National Park. It is crossed by the A635 road and the Pennine Way passes to its eastern side.
Geography
The moor takes its name from the parish of Saddleworth to the west, historically in the West Riding of Yorkshire, although it is on the western side of the Pennines and so has been part of Greater Manchester since 1974. The moor, an elevated plateau with gritstone escarpments or edges and, around its margins, deeply incised v-shaped valleys or cloughs with fast-flowing streams, straddles the metropolitan boroughs of Oldham in Greater Manchester and Kirklees in West Yorkshire. Moorland east of the county boundary with West Yorkshire is known as Wessenden Moor and Wessenden Head Moor. The moor is crossed by the A635 between the Greater Manchester and West Yorkshire Urban Areas. The A635 is known locally as the Isle of Skye road, taking the name from a former public house at Wessenden Head that was demolished after a fire. The Pennine Way arrives from the Wessenden Valley to the north and crosses the moor on its ascent to Black Hill on Holme Moss to the south. The high moorland is sparsely inhabited. Scattered farmsteads, built of gritstone, and fields demarcated by dry stone walls are on the lower land and in the valleys where there is some coniferous woodland. The overlying peat is cut by drainage channels or groughs. Much of the area is open access land.
Vegetation
Blanket bog in the area is the most south-easterly occurrence in Europe. Cottongrass is the most dominant feature but sphagnum mosses are scarce. Heather, crowberry, bilberry and the rare cloudberry are also found. The peat formation is 9,000 years old but extensive areas contain bare peat from which the surface has eroded.
Reservoirs
Dovestone, Yeoman Hey, Greenfield and Chew Reservoirs east of Oldham, are accessed from the A635 road. They supply water to the surrounding area. The valley is surrounded by rocky outcrops and moorland. Spruce and pine plantations are found in the valley and broad-leaved trees have been introduced to provide a more diverse habitat.
Yeoman Hey was built in 1880 and Chew Reservoir in 1914, and when built, was the highest reservoir in the British Isles at above sea level. The bed of a tramway, built to aid its construction, remains visible. The area around the reservoir is used for recreation.
Events
In August 1949, a BEA Douglas DC3 crashed into the hill at Wimberry Stones at the top of the Chew Valley killing 24 passengers and crew and leaving eight survivors.
The moor was the burial site of at least four victims of Ian Brady and Myra Hindley, the Moors murderers. In October 1965, following their arrest for the murder of Edward Evans in Hattersley, the bodies of Lesley Ann Downey and John Kilbride were discovered buried on the moors. Kilbride had been murdered on the moors by Brady on 23 November 1963; Downey had been murdered, at the couple's house, on Boxing Day 1964, before being buried on the moor the next day. The police were led to Saddleworth Moor by photographs found among Brady's possessions, and claims by Hindley's brother-in-law that Brady had boasted of committing several murders and burying the bodies on the moor. The body of Pauline Reade, their first victim, who had been murdered in July 1963, were recovered on 1 July 1987, a year after the pair admitted the murder. They also admitted murdering Keith Bennett and burying his body on the moors in June 1964, but his remains have never been located.
In December 2015, the body of an unknown man was found beneath Rob's Rocks on the track between Chew and Dovestone Reservoirs. He had died of strychnine poisoning. He was identified in January 2017 as David Lytton who had flown from Pakistan two days before his body was found.
A wildfire broke out on the moor on 24 June 2018, resulting in mass evacuations and damage to a large area. Fifty homes were evacuated and about 150 people have been affected in Carrbrook, near Stalybridge. On 30 June firefighters were still fighting the blaze. Greater Manchester Mayor Andy Burnham said a "request to the military for extra support" was being prepared "so there is a back-up plan" to support firefighters and the military have been brought in. As a peat moor, the fire burns primarily underground before setting different parts of the moor alight, which makes it particularly hard to fight as well as releasing excessive smoke and reaching extremely high temperatures. It was predicted by fire chiefs that it could grow on for another few weeks after the fire first ignited.
Jonathan Reynolds said ministers would "need to look seriously at our capacity to deal with these kinds of fires in future, including military capacity we might have lost in recent years".
In February 2019, on the warmest winter day on record, a blaze, described by witnesses as "apocalyptic" occurred on the moor.
References
Notes
Citations
Bibliography
External links
Dove Stone Heritage
Mountains and hills of Greater Manchester
Tourist attractions in Kirklees
Tourist attractions in the Metropolitan Borough of Oldham
Mountains and hills of the Peak District
Protected areas of West Yorkshire
Protected areas of Greater Manchester
Moorlands of England
Peak District
Saddleworth |
3996780 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swallowdale | Swallowdale | Swallowdale is a children's adventure novel by English author Arthur Ransome and first published by Jonathan Cape in 1931. The book features Walker siblings (Swallows) and Blackett sisters (Amazons) camping in the hills and moorland country around a lake; with Maria Turner, the Blacketts' Great Aunt, acting as an antagonist. It is the second book in the Swallows and Amazons series; preceded by Swallows and Amazons and followed by Peter Duck.
Ransome was living in the Lake District and he drew on his experiences and memories of encounters over many years with the local farming community. Ransome had often climbed Old Man of Coniston and in the book, this becomes the children's Kanchenjunga. Expeditions to Kanchenjunga in the Himalayas had been much in the news while Ransome was writing the book.
Plot summary
Returning to Wild Cat Island for their second summer holiday by the Lake, the Swallows find the Amazons and Captain Flint suffering from "native trouble". Great Aunt Maria has come to stay, and she is a stickler for "proper" behaviour; demanding that the Amazon pirates act like "young ladies", and be on hand and on time for meals. When they see the hound trail and forget the time Peggy says "all three meals" and Nancy says "We've fairly done it this time".
Despite this, Nancy and Peggy escape the Great Aunt and arrange a rendezvous, but on the way the Swallow hits Pike Rock and sinks. All are saved and the boat salvaged, but she needs repairing, so camping on the island is impossible. "Captain" John of the Swallows learns some valuable life lessons about following his instincts while commanding a ship, and has time to reflect on the accident while he fashions a new mast for Swallow. An alternative appears to replace camping on Wild Cat Island, as Roger and Titty find a beautiful hidden valley, Swallowdale, up on the moors above the lake.
The Swallows discover a secret cave in Swallowdale, a trout tarn, the "knickerbockerbreaker", and enjoy new adventures of lakeland life. They meet local woodcutters and farmers, see a hound trail, and trek across the moors. The Amazons are only able to escape at intervals, and are punished for getting home late by being made to memorize and recite poetry. Eventually the Great Aunt leaves and the Swallows and Amazons mount an expedition to sleep under the stars on the summit of nearby commanding hill "Kanchenjunga" (in reality The Old Man of Coniston). While there, they discover a box with a small coin left by the Blackett's parents and uncle on climbing the "Matterhorn" thirty years earlier.
Next morning, Roger and Titty return to Swallowdale following trails through the bracken across the moor, while the elders ferry the Amazons' camping gear by boat. Both parties get lost in a thick and sudden fog. After it lifts the elders arrive only to find an empty camp. Titty arrives late after hitching a ride with some woodsmen, and explains that Roger sprained his ankle, and will be spending the night with Young Billy, the (old) charcoal burner. The next day the injured Roger is carried back to the camp on a stretcher.
The Swallow is finally repaired, and the book ends with a race and a feast, followed by a return to Wild Cat Island.
Reception
Natasha Walter writing for The Guardian stated: "Swallowdale is quite an achievement. It's a book where nothing, really, happens - and yet even young readers learn to be caught and held by the richness of its sensual detail. Here are children building a camp, walking up a hill, watching a hunt, fishing for trout, eating breakfast. Where is the plot? Where is the struggle? Ransome is the child's precursor to Proust and Woolf; he suggests the intense pleasures of plotlessness."
Swallowdale was originally dedicated to his friend Lascelles Abercrombie's daughter Elizabeth.
See also
List of characters in Arthur Ransome books
References
External links
Tarboard, the Arthur Ransome and Swallows and Amazons forum
1931 British novels
Swallows and Amazons series
Novels set in the Lake District
Jonathan Cape books
1931 children's books |
3996787 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bongo%20Bongo | Bongo Bongo | Bongo Bongo or Bongo-Bongo may refer to:
Bongo-Bongo (linguistics), an imaginary placeholder language
Bongo Bongo Land, a British English pejorative term
"Bongo Bongo Bongo I Don't Want to Leave the Congo", an alternative name for the 1947 song "Civilization"
"Bongo Bong", a single by Manu Chao from the 2000 album Clandestino
In Legend of Zelda: Ocarina of Time, Bongo Bongo is the boss link must fight at the end of the Shadow Temple. |
3996810 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charlie%20Aitken%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201942%29 | Charlie Aitken (footballer, born 1942) | Charles Alexander Aitken (born 1 May 1942 in Edinburgh, Scotland) is a Scottish former footballer.
Aitken is the all-time record appearance holder at English club Aston Villa. He played for Villa from August 1959 until May 1976, a period of 17 seasons. He came to Villa to accompany his friend Wilson Briggs, also a left back, to a trial. They were both taken on, but Briggs ended up playing just two games in his career. Aitken was a member of the 1975 League Cup winning team, having been a runner-up in 1971. He spent the last two seasons of his professional career in the NASL with the New York Cosmos, playing alongside the greats of Pelé and Franz Beckenbauer.
Aston Villa Honours
Football League Second Division
Runners-up: 1974–75
Football League Third Division
Champions: 1971–72
Football League Cup
Winners: 1975
Runners-up: 1963, 1971
FA Charity Shield
Runners-up: 1972
Aston Villa Career Statistics
References
External links
nasljerseys.com with Aitken's North American statistics
Aston Villa Player Database
1942 births
Living people
Aston Villa F.C. players
Expatriate soccer players in the United States
Association football defenders
New York Cosmos players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Footballers from Edinburgh
Scottish expatriate footballers
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Scottish footballers
English Football League players
Scotland under-23 international footballers |
3996812 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Chronicle%20%28TV%20series%29 | The Chronicle (TV series) | The Chronicle is an American science fiction television series that was broadcast on the Sci-Fi Channel from July 14, 2001, to March 22, 2002. The series is based on the News from the Edge series of novels (for example, Vampires from Vermont) by Mark Sumner, a St. Louis-based author. The series was originally sold to NBC, which shot the pilot, but later found a home on Sci-Fi Channel. The original creative producers who brought the series to television were German Michael Torres and Trevor Taylor.
Premise
The show centers on a group of journalists at a tabloid newspaper, The Chronicle, and the contradictions that transpire when they realize that the various monsters, aliens, and mutants turn out to be real.
Cast
Main
Chad Willett as Tucker Burns
Rena Sofer as Grace Hall
Reno Wilson as Wes Freewald
Jon Polito as Donald Stern
Recurring
Curtis Armstrong as Sal the Pig-Boy
Sharon Sachs as Vera
Elaine Hendrix as Kristen Martin
Octavia Spencer as Ruby
April Bolds Chronicle Staff Writer
Episodes
Reference
External links
2000s American comic science fiction television series
2000s American horror television series
2001 American television series debuts
2002 American television series endings
Syfy original programming
Television series by 20th Century Fox Television |
3996816 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villa%20General%20Mitre | Villa General Mitre | Villa General Mitre is a neighborhood, or barrio, of Buenos Aires.
The ward has a land area of , and a population of 36,000. It was named after General Bartolomé Mitre, President of Argentina from 1862 to 1868.
Villa Mitre was developed on land originally purchased by Francisco Ruiz de Gaona during the late colonial era, and he lived there until his death in 1813; Gaona Avenue, located along the ward's southern border, was named in his honor. The land was later subdivided into smallholdings mainly devoted to alfalfa, horticulture, and brick kilns. It became home to a large Italian immigrant community during the late 19th century, and in 1901 Mother Frances Xavier Cabrini founded the future Cabrini Institute here (one of 67 around the world, and her first in South America).
Initially a subdivision of the Villa Santa Rita ward to the west, Villa Mitre was formally established as such on November 6, 1908; it was named in honor of former President Bartolomé Mitre, who died in 1906. The neighborhood remained prone to flooding until work began in 1929 on converting the Maldonado Stream into an underground storm sewer, above which Juan B. Justo Avenue was inaugurated in 1936. A block-sized lot adjacent to the Cabrini Institute was purchased by the City Government in 1937 to create Sáenz Peña Square, the neighborhood's largest park. Diego Maradona Stadium, home venue for the Argentinos Juniors football team, was inaugurated in Villa Mitre in 2003.
References
Barriada: Villa General Mitre
Se celebro el centenario de la Ley 8.871 en la plaza Roque Sáenz Peña
Neighbourhoods of Buenos Aires |
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