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3986737	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wateree%20River	Wateree River	The Wateree River, about 75 mi (120 km) long, is a tributary of the Santee River in central South Carolina in the United States, which flows to the Atlantic Ocean. It was named for the Wateree Native Americans, a tribe who had migrated to this area from western North Carolina. They lived here until the early 18th century, when they were set upon and displaced by mostly English settlers during the Yamasee War. Survivors merged with the larger Catawba people, becoming extinct as a tribe. Course The Wateree River is a continuation of the Catawba River, which flows from the Blue Ridge Mountains in North Carolina; this river had the different names of Catawba and Wateree assigned to different sections by different groups of settlers. Today the name change is marked at the point where Wateree Creek empties into Lake Wateree. This is a manmade lake formed by Wateree Hydro Station Dam, a Duke Energy hydroelectric project built in the 20th century in Kershaw County, South Carolina. The Wateree flows generally southward through Kershaw County and along the common boundary of Richland and Sumter counties, past the Piedmont town of Camden. It joins the Congaree River to form the Santee River about 35 mi (55 km) southeast of Columbia. Crossings The following is a list of crossings along the short length of the Wateree US Route 1/US 601 in Camden & Lugoff Railroad bridge in Camden Interstate 20 in Camden Garner's Ferry Road US 378 near Stateburg Two railroad bridges near the confluence with the Congaree River near Eastover See also List of South Carolina rivers References Sources Columbia Gazetteer of North America entry DeLorme (1998). South Carolina Atlas & Gazetteer. Yarmouth, Maine: DeLorme. . , retrieved 6 February 2006 Further reading Lewis, Kenneth E. The Carolina Backcountry Venture: Tradition, Capital, and Circumstance in the Development of Camden and the Wateree Valley, 1740—1810 (University of South Carolina Press, 2017. xviii, 436 pp. Rivers of South Carolina Rivers of Kershaw County, South Carolina Rivers of Richland County, South Carolina Rivers of Sumter County, South Carolina Tributaries of the Santee River
3986739	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hendrick%20van%20Balen%20the%20Elder	Hendrick van Balen the Elder	Hendrick van Balen or Hendrick van Balen I (c. 1573–1575 in Antwerp – 17 July 1632 in Antwerp) was a Flemish Baroque painter and stained glass designer. Hendrick van Balen specialised in small cabinet pictures often painted on a copper support. His favourite themes were mythological and allegorical scenes and, to a lesser extent, religious subjects. The artist played an important role in the renewal of Flemish painting in the early 17th century and was one of the teachers of Anthony van Dyck. Life Hendrick van Balen was born in Antwerp. The date of his birth is not known but was likely 1573 as the birth records of the St George Church of Antwerp for that year are missing. His parents were the merchant Willem van Balen and Machteld van Alten. His family was well-off and thus able to let Hendrick have a good training which included the study of a number of languages. Van Balen was a pupil of Adam van Noort and possibly also of Maerten de Vos. He became a member of the Antwerp Guild of Saint Luke in 1592–1593 at the age of 17. In 1608–1609 he was the second dean of the Guild and in 1609–1610 he was the first dean. From about 1595 to 1602 he studied art while traveling in Italy. Although there is no record of his Italian journey, on his return to Antwerp, he became a member of the Guild of Romanists. It was a condition of membership that the member had visited Rome. In the year 1613 the Guild chose him as its dean. In 1605 Hendrick van Balen married Margriet Briers (or 'de Brier') in Antwerp. The couple had 11 children and three of their sons became painters: Jan van Balen, Gaspard van Balen and Hendrick van Balen the Younger. His daughter Maria married the painter Theodoor van Thulden. In 1613 he accompanied Rubens and Jan on a diplomatic mission to the Dutch Republic. Here they met Hendrick Goltzius and other Haarlem artists. Van Balen led for over 30 years a successful workshop and had many pupils. He was the teacher of his son Jan van Balen as well as of leading Flemish painters Anthony van Dyck and Frans Snyders. He was a contemporary of some of the best-known Flemish artists, such as Rubens and Jan Brueghel the Elder. Work General Hendrick van Balen specialised in small cabinet pictures often painted on a copper support. His favourite themes were mythological and allegorical scenes and, to a lesser extent, religious subjects. He also created a number of stained glass designs. While he had a clear preference for the smaller scale in his later career, van Balen's early works consisted of a number of large altarpieces. These show the influence of his teacher Adam van Noort. His later altarpieces, with their rich and subtle palette, appear to have been painted after van Dyck's arrival in his studio. Hendrick van Balen's mythological and biblical scenes were usually painted on small plates or copper plates. His works often included nude figures in a mythological or religious scene, set in an idyllic setting. Van Balen further also painted landscapes. Van Balen often collaborated with other artists such as Joos de Momper, Abraham Govaerts, Jan Tilens, Gaspar de Witte, Jan Brueghel the Elder and the Younger, and Rubens. Anthony van Dyck made a few portraits of his master: a black chalk drawing (1627 – 1632, J. Paul Getty Museum), which is a study for van Dyck's The Iconography, a series of prints of famous people, and two grisaille oil sketches (c. 1630, Boughton House, Northamptonshire, UK; and 1634–1635, private collection). Garland paintings Hendrick van Balen played a role in the development of the genre of garland paintings, which typically show a flower garland around a devotional image or portrait. Together with Jan Brueghel the Elder, he painted the first known garland painting around 1607–1608 for Italian cardinal Federico Borromeo, a passionate art collector and Catholic reformer. Borromeo requested the painting to respond to the destruction of images of the Virgin in the preceding century and it thus combined both his interests in Catholic reform and the arts. Brueghel, the still life specialist, painted the flower garland, while van Balen painted the image of the Virgin. The genre of garland paintings was inspired by the cult of veneration and devotion to Mary prevalent at the Habsburg court (then the rulers over the Southern Netherlands) and in Antwerp generally. Garland paintings were usually collaborations between a still life and a figure painter. The genre was initially connected to the visual imagery of the Counter-Reformation movement. An example of a collaborative garland painting he made with Jan Brueghel the Elder is the Garland of Fruit surrounding Cybele Receiving Gifts from Personifications of the Four Seasons of which there are two versions, one in the Belfius collection and a second in the Mauritshuis in The Hague. Both versions are considered to be autograph paintings, but small differences between the two suggest that the panel in the Belfius collection is the original version. The medallion in the centre is traditionally believed to depict Cybele, the ancient Phrygian goddess of the earth and nature as it was described as such in 1774 when it was catalogued in the collection of William V, Prince of Orange in The Hague. More recently an identification of the goddess with Ceres, the Roman goddess of agriculture, grain crops, fertility and motherly relationships, has been proposed. The reason is that the goddess in the medallion has none of the attributes traditionally connected with Cybele. Around the medallion is suspended a garland of flowers, vegetables and fruit – a tribute to the goddess and an ode to plenty and fertility. Van Balen painted the medallion while Brueghel painted the abundant garland, the surrounding figures and the numerous animals. Another collaborative effort on a garland painting, this time with still life painter Jacob Foppens van Es, is A garland of flowers and fruit with a central cartouche depicting the Holy Family (Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orléans) (c. 1620–1630). Hendrick van Balen is believed to have painted the cartouche while Foppens van Es painted the garland of fruit and flowers. References External links 1575 births 1632 deaths Flemish Baroque painters Flemish history painters Painters from Antwerp Flemish stained glass artists and manufacturers
3986747	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PopTop%20Software	PopTop Software	PopTop Software Inc. was an American video game developer based in Fenton, Missouri. The company was founded in 1993 by Phil Steinmeyer, acquired by Take-Two Interactive in July 2000, became part of the 2K label in January 2005, and was closed down in March 2006. It was known for its construction and management simulation games. History PopTop Software was founded by video game programmer and designer Phil Steinmeyer in 1993. On July 24, 2000, Take-Two Interactive announced that it had acquired PopTop Software. The deal saw a transaction of 559,100 shares in Take-Two Interactive, valued at an estimated . On January 25, 2005, Take-Two Interactive announced the opening of publishing label 2K, which would henceforth manage their development studios, including PopTop Software. Steinmeyer left PopTop Software in late 2004 and founded New Crayon Games, which later developed Bonnie's Bookstore, in May 2005. On March 7, 2006, it was announced that PopTop Software's operations had been merged into Firaxis Games, another 2K studio. Games developed References 2K (company) Defunct companies based in Missouri Defunct video game companies of the United States Take-Two Interactive divisions and subsidiaries Video game companies disestablished in 2006 Video game companies established in 1993 Video game development companies
5376977	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horacio%20Elizondo	Horacio Elizondo	Horacio Marcelo Elizondo (born November 4, 1963 in Don Bosco, district of Quilmes) is an Argentine former international football referee best known for his officiation throughout the 2006 FIFA World Cup. Having achieved all his goals in refereeing, Elizondo retired after the December 10 match between Boca Juniors and Lanús, 2 years before the compulsory retirement age of 45. Career Elizondo completed studies in physical education, and started refereeing after finishing the AFA course. His debut in the Argentine first division was in the Deportivo Español vs. Belgrano de Córdoba match in 1992. He was named international in 1994, and directed his first international match on October 9, 1996 between Ecuador and Colombia for the 1998 World Cup qualifications. Among the several international competitions in which he participated are the Copa América of 1997 and 1999), the U-17 World Cup of 1997 and 2005, the U-20 World Youth Championships of 2003 and 2005, the Olympic Games of 2004, and the FIFA Club World Championship of 2000. In the latter, he showed a red card to David Beckham in the tie between Manchester United and Necaxa. He also refereed in the final matches of the 2002 and 2005 Copa Libertadores de América. In the 2005 tournament the two Brazilian finalist teams São Paulo FC and Atlético Paranaense lobbied Conmebol to have Elizondo as the main referee. On August 16, 2006 Elizondo refereed the second final of the 2006 Copa Libertadores. Elizondo broke the Argentine First Division record showing 12 yellow cards on August 19 in the match between Boca Juniors and Independiente. The media, though, supported most of his decisions. In the annual world referee ranking of the International Federation of Football History and Statistics (IFFHS), Elizondo was positioned 5th in 2001, 12th in 2005 and 1st in 2006. 2006 FIFA World Cup Elizondo was appointed to represent Argentina in the 2006 FIFA World Cup, together with fellow assistants Darío García and Rodolfo Otero. He officiated three group games: Germany vs Costa Rica, Czech Republic vs Ghana, and Switzerland vs South Korea. He also took charge of the England vs Portugal quarterfinal, as well as the final game between Italy and France, becoming the first referee in World Cup history to referee both the opening and final games of one World Cup, a feat later matched by compatriot Néstor Pitana in the 2018 edition (English referee George Reader also officiated the first and last matches of the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil, but the last one, known as Maracanazo, was not technically a final). Elizondo handed out a total of 29 cards in the tournament, three of which were red, for an average of 5.8 cards per game. Elizondo took charge of the opening game of the tournament between Germany and Costa Rica, which Germany won 4-2. Elizondo handed out one yellow card to Costa Rica’s Danny Fonseca. The match had a total of 22 fouls and 6 offsides, both statistics split evenly between the two teams. FIFA's president of the World cup organizing committee Lennart Johansson praised Elizondo performance at the match, saying "I did not notice him much which is a very good thing." In his following match in the group stage, which the Czech Republic won 0-2 against Ghana, he gave a straight red card to Czech player Tomáš Ujfaluši for a professional foul in the box, awarding a penalty to Ghana. He then gave a yellow card to Asamoah Gyan when he took the penalty kick prematurely. Gyan missed his second attempt. Elizondo also booked Czech player Vratislav Lokvenc and Ghanaian players Otto Addo, Michael Essien, Derek Boateng and Sulley Muntari, for a total of seven cards. He called 12 fouls against the Czech Republic and 20 against Ghana. He further ruled the Czechs offside 6 times and Ghanaians 9 times. Elizondo was also the referee in the Switzerland 2-0 South Korea group game. Elizondo handed out nine yellow cards during the match, booking five Swiss players, Philippe Senderos, Hakan Yakın, Raphael Wicky, Christoph Spycher and Johan Djourou and four Koreans Park Chu-Young, Kim Jin-Kyu, Choi Jin-Cheul and Lee Chun-Soo. Elizondo called 7 fouls against Switzerland and 19 against South Korea. There were a total of six offsides calls, split evenly between the two teams. He awarded the Swiss a goal when he overruled the assistant referee Rodolfo Otero's raised offside flag. Several players, including two defenders, Kim Jin-Kyu and Choi Jin-Cheul, who were following Alexander Frei stopped playing when they saw the flag. The ball was put into the path of Alexander Frei after being hit by Lee Ho's foot. Korea's coach Dick Advocaat was livid at the time, but a few days later agreed that the decision to allow the goal was correct. Elizondo was the referee in the England 0-0 Portugal quarter-final, which Portugal won 3-1 on penalties. Elizondo gave yellow cards to Ricardo Carvalho and Petit of Portugal and to Owen Hargreaves and John Terry of England, as well as a straight red card to England's Wayne “Babyface” Rooney after he stood on Ricardo Carvalho's groin, for a total of 5 cards. Elizondo called 18 fouls on England and 10 on Portugal, found Portugal offsides 3 times and England none. World Cup Final Elizondo was the referee for the final of the tournament in Berlin's Olympiastadion on July 9, between France and Italy. He awarded France a penalty after Florent Malouda went down in the box under contact from Marco Materazzi. Elizondo gave Zinedine Zidane a red card after he headbutted in the chest Marco Materazzi in the 111th minute after consulting fourth official Luis Medina Cantalejo via headset. Statistics References External links FIFAworldcup.com profile Horacio Elizondo 1963 births Living people Argentine football referees People from Quilmes Argentine people of Basque descent FIFA World Cup referees 2006 FIFA World Cup referees FIFA World Cup Final match officials Copa América referees Sportspeople from Buenos Aires Province
5376988	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%E2%80%9307%20Danish%201st%20Division	2006–07 Danish 1st Division	The 2006–07 Danish 1st Division season was the 12th season of the Danish 1st Division league championship, governed by the Danish Football Association. It took place from the first match on July 29, 2006 to the final match on June 24, 2007. The division-champion and runner-up were promoted to the 2007–08 Danish Superliga. The teams in the 14th, 15th and 16th places were divided between 2nd Division East and West, based on location. League standings See also 2006–07 in Danish football References Danish 1st Division seasons Denmark 2006–07 in Danish football
5376989	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hong%20Kong%20Housing%20Authority%20Exhibition%20Centre	Hong Kong Housing Authority Exhibition Centre	The Hong Kong Housing Authority Exhibition Centre () is managed by Hong Kong Housing Authority. It is located on the 4/F of Block 3, Hong Kong Housing Authority Headquarters, Ho Man Tin. Permanently closed in March, 2022. Exhibition The Opening Ceremony of the Centre was held in July, 2002. The history of public housing estates is displayed in a multi-layer display. The first layer displays the role of the Housing Authority in Hong Kong History throughout the decades, in form of photos, scripts and videos. With models, mock-up flats and other exhibits, the second layer displays the physical forms of public housing development. The third layer shows the development of public housing, with side by side the change of the economic and society of Hong Kong in the 50 years. The highlight of the Centre is the diorama showing where all the public housing estates in Hong Kong are located. External links Official website Museums in Hong Kong Public housing in Hong Kong Ho Man Tin Urban planning museums
3986761	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey%20Raphael	Mickey Raphael	Michael Siegfried "Mickey" Raphael (born November 7, 1951) is an American harmonica player, music producer and actor best known for his work with Willie Nelson. He has performed or recorded with Jason Isbell, Townes Van Zandt, Chris Stapleton, Jerry Jeff Walker, Tom Morello, Paul Simon, Snoop Dogg, Engelbert Humperdinck, Nitty Gritty Dirt Band, Leon Bridges, Neil Young, Norah Jones, Bob Dylan, Ray Charles, Duane Eddy, Vince Gill, Emmylou Harris, Leon Russell, Lionel Richie, Elton John, Mötley Crüe, Zac Brown Band, Dave Matthews, Blue Öyster Cult, Wynton Marsalis, Lonnie Donnegan, Kenny Chesney, Toby Keith, U2, Johnny Cash, Merle Haggard, Kris Kristofferson, Don Williams, Jerry Lee Lewis, Blind Boys of Alabama, Waylon Jennings, Aaron Lewis, Margo Price, Rodney Crowell, Gov't Mule, Supersuckers and Dan Auerbach. Production credits include Naked Willie, a stripped-down remix of Willie Nelson's early RCA catalogs and the 2016 release of The Highwaymen box set, which includes live performances by Willie Nelson, Waylon Jennings, Johnny Cash and Kris Kristofferson, and one new release co-produced by Raphael with Chips Moman. Raphael also appeared in the movies Songwriter and Honeysuckle Rose, and filmed performances with Willie Nelson, Wynton Marsalis, and Norah Jones. Mickey Raphael lives in Nashville and continues to tour, record, and produce projects in Nashville, New York, and Los Angeles. Selective discography Mickey Raphael appears on the following albums: Elite Hotel - Emmylou Harris (1975) Luxury Liner - Emmylou Harris (1976) Two the Hard Way - Cher, Gregg Allman (1977) Quarter Moon in a Ten Cent Town - Emmylou Harris (1978) Ain't Living Long Like This - Rodney Crowell (1978) TNT - Tanya Tucker (1978) Right or Wrong - Rosanne Cash (1980) The Fox - Elton John (1981) Evangeline - Emmylou Harris (1981) Seven Year Ache - Rosanne Cash (1981) Cimarron - Emmylou Harris (1981) White Shoes - Emmylou Harris (1983) The Missing Years - John Prine (1991) Soft Talk - Shelby Lynne (1991) Time for Mercy - Jann Arden (1993) Flyer - Nanci Griffith (1994) The Tattooed Heart - Aaron Neville (1995) Little Acts of Treason - Carlene Carter (1995) Deuces Wild - B.B. King (1997) Let's Make Sure We Kiss Goodbye - Vince Gill (2000) Ringo Rama - Ringo Starr (2003) Nashville - Solomon Burke (2006) Just Who I Am: Poets & Pirates - Kenny Chesney (2007) I'm American - Billy Ray Cyrus (2011) Mission Bell - Amos Lee (2011) Welcome to the Fishbowl - Kenny Chesney (2012) Life on a Rock - Kenny Chesney (2013) Carter Girl - Carlene Carter (2014) Sleeping Through the War - All Them Witches (2017) Windy City - Alison Krauss (2017) Songs for the Saints - Kenny Chesney (2018) Threads - Sheryl Crow (2019) Mississippi Suitcase - Peter Parcek (2020) References External links Official Website Mickey Raphael \| Biography, Albums, Streaming Links @ AllMusic Mickey Raphael @ Discogs.com 1951 births 20th-century American male actors 20th-century American musicians 21st-century American male actors 21st-century American musicians American male actors American harmonica players Jewish American musicians Living people Musicians from Dallas Musicians from Nashville, Tennessee 21st-century American Jews
3986762	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chui%20%28disambiguation%29	Chui (disambiguation)	Chui may refer to: Surname Chui (surname) Cui (surname), Cantonese Chinese surname Places In Kyrgyzstan: Chüy Region Chu (river) (also known as Chüy) In South America: The contiguous towns of Chuí, in Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil Chuy, in Rocha Department, Uruguay Chuí Stream, on the Brazil-Uruguay border Other Chuí (Chinese weapon) See also Chuy (disambiguation) Choi (disambiguation)
5377010	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anurognathidae	Anurognathidae	Anurognathidae is a family of small, short-tailed pterosaurs that lived in Europe, Asia, and possibly North America during the Jurassic and Cretaceous periods. Five genera are known: Anurognathus, from the Late Jurassic of Germany; Jeholopterus, from the Middle to Late Jurassic of China; Dendrorhynchoides, from the Middle Jurassic of China; Batrachognathus, from the Late Jurassic of Kazakhstan; and Vesperopterylus, from the Early Cretaceous of China. Bennett (2007) suggested that the holotype of Mesadactylus, BYU 2024, a synsacrum, belonged to an anurognathid, though this affinity has been questioned by other authors. Mesadactylus is from the Late Jurassic Morrison Formation of the United States. Indeterminate anurognathid remains have also been reported from the Middle Jurassic Bakhar Svita of Mongolia and the Early Cretaceous of North Korea. Classification A family Anurognathidae was named in 1928 by Franz Nopcsa von Felső-Szilvás (as the subfamily Anurognathinae) with Anurognathus as the type genus. The family name Anurognathidae was first used by Oskar Kuhn in 1967. The phylogeny of Anurognathidae is disputed. Both Alexander Kellner and David Unwin in 2003 defined the group as a node clade: the last common ancestor of Anurognathus and Batrachognathus and all its descendants. Some analyses, such as that of Kellner (2003), place them as the most basal group in the pterosaur tree. Unwin also recovered the group as very basal, falling between Dimorphodontidae and Compylognathoididae. However, anurognathids have some characteristics in common with the derived Pterodactyloidea, such as short and fused tail bones. More recent analyses, which include more fossils and taxa, support this observation and recover the group as substantially more derived than previously thought, but still basal to pterodactyloids. In 2010 an analysis by Brian Andres indicated the Anurognathidae and Pterodactyloidea were sister taxa. This conformed better to the fossil record because no early anurognathids were known at the time, and being the basalmost pterosaur clade would require a ghost lineage of over sixty million years. However, the reassignment of "Dimorphodon weintraubi" to a basal position within Anurognathidae helps fill this gap and suggests this group appeared earlier than previously thought, possibly in the Early Jurassic Period. Depending on where Anurognathidae falls within the Pterosauria, the existence of "Dimorphodon weintraubi" may have important implications for the timing of the evolution of major pterosaur clades, making further study of this specimen critical for pterosaur research. In 2022, a phylogenetic analysis accompanying the description of Cascocauda recovered Anurognathidae as a sister clade to Breviquartossa. Lifestyle Anurognathids are widely believed to have been nocturnal or crepuscular akin to bats. The fact that many anurognathids have large eye sockets supports the theory of operating in low-light environments. Anurognathid teeth suggest they were largely insectivorous, though some may have had more prey choices, such as Batrachognathus and Jeholopterus, which have been hypothesized to have been piscivorous. At least some, such as Vesperopterylus, were arboreal, with claws suited for gripping tree branches. Feathers A 2018 study of the remains of two small Jurassic-age pterosaurs from Inner Mongolia, China, named as the genus Cascocauda in 2022, found that pterosaurs had a wide array of pycnofiber shapes and structures, as opposed to the homogeneous structures that had generally been assumed to cover them. Some of these had frayed ends, very similar in structure to four different feather types known from birds or other dinosaurs but almost never known from pterosaurs prior to the study, suggesting homology. A response to this study was published in 2020, where it was suggested that the structures seen on the anurognathids were actually a result of the decomposition of aktinofibrils: a type of fibre used to strengthen and stiffen the wing. However, in a response to this, the authors of the 2018 paper point to the fact that the presence of the structures extend past the patagium, and the presence of both aktinofibrils and filaments on Jeholopterus ningchengensis and Sordes pilosus. The various forms of filament structure present on the anurognathids in the 2018 study would also require a form of decomposition that would cause the different 'filament' forms seen. They therefore conclude that the most parsimonious interpretation of the structures is that they are filamentous proto-feathers. But Liliana D’Alba points out that the description of the preserved integumentary structures on the two anurogmathid specimens is still based upon gross morphology. She also points out that Pterorhynchus was described to have feathers to support the claim that feathers had a common origin with Ornithodirans but was argued against by several authors. The only method to assure if it was homologous to feathers is to use a scanning electron microscope. Notes Monofenestratans Callovian first appearances Late Jurassic extinctions Prehistoric reptile families
5377011	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bangladesh%20Mathematical%20Olympiad	Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad	The Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad is an annual mathematical competition arranged for school and college students to nourish their interest and capabilities for mathematics. It has been regularly organized by the Bangladesh Math Olympiad Committee since 2001. Bangladesh Math Olympiad activities started in 2003 formally. The first Math Olympiad was held in Shahjalal University of Science and Technology. Mohammad Kaykobad, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal and Munir Hasan were instrumental in its establishment. With the endeavor of the members of the committee, the daily newspaper Prothom Alo and the Dutch Bangla Bank Limited, the committee promptly achieved its primary goal – to send a team to the International Mathematical Olympiad. Bangladeshi students have participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad since 2005. Besides arranging Divisional and National Math Olympiads, the committee extends its cooperation to all interested groups and individuals who want to arrange a Mathematics Olympiad. The Bangladesh Math Olympiad and the selection of the Bangladeshi national team for the International Mathematical Olympiad is bounded by rules set by the Olympiad Committee. The Bangladesh Mathematical Olympiad is open for school and college students from the country. The competitions usually take place around December–January–February. In the 2014 International Mathematical Olympiad, the Bangladesh team achieved one silver, one bronze and four honorable mentions, placing the country at 53 among 101 participating countries. In the 2015 International Mathematical Olympiad, the Bangladesh team achieved one silver, four bronze and one honorable mention, finishing in 33rd place. Ahmed Zawad Chowdhury, who previously won a silver and a bronze in 2017 and 2016, helped Bangladesh win a gold medal for the first time in the 2018 International Mathematical Olympiad. He had previously missed a gold medal in 2017 by only two marks. Format The students are divided into four academic categories: Primary: Class 3-5 Junior: Class 6-8 Secondary: Class 9-10 Higher Secondary: Class 11–12 Selection Round After achieving 1st gold medal in international Mathematics Olympiad in 2018, the competition spread all over the country. The organisers took selection round in 64 districts of Bangladesh in 2019. In 2020, due to the COVID-19 pandemic, this competition held entirely by online platform in 29 February. The selected participant of selection round can attend in regional competition. Regional Olympiad The country is divided in 24 regions for the Regional Olympiad. In each division except Dhaka, nearly 60 students among 1000 participants are selected for the National Olympiad. In Dhaka, the number of participants is more than 3000 and 100–150 are selected for the National Olympiad. In all of the problems in the Regional Olympiad, only the final answers are necessary. National Olympiad In the National Olympiad, the top 71 participants are given prizes. The time given for solving the problems depends on the category: 2 hours for the Primary category, 3 hours for the Junior category, and 4 hours for the Secondary and Higher Secondary category. National Math Camp A group for the National Math Camp is selected from the winners of the National Olympiad. Medal winners in International Mathematical Olympiad For every year since 2005, Bangladeshi students have participated in the International Mathematical Olympiad. Samin Riasat and Nazia Chowdhury won bronze medals for Bangladesh in 2009. Dhananjoy Biswas won the first silver medal for Bangladesh in 2012. The following is the full list of medal winners from Bangladesh: References External links Education in Bangladesh 2001 establishments in Bangladesh Mathematics competitions Science and technology in Bangladesh Competitions in Bangladesh
5377016	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Gilbert%20West	Richard Gilbert West	Richard Gilbert West FRS (31 May 1926 – 30 December 2020) was a British botanist, geologist and palaeontologist. He began his career at the age of 18 in 1944 when he joined the Army and spent time in India. On return to England, he went to Clare College, Cambridge in 1948 taking Botany and Geology at Part I. Although being tempted to take Geology for Part II, he decided to study Botany, for which he obtained First Class Honours and the Frank Smart Studentship. As a research student, he was supervised by Harry Godwin, Director of the Subdepartment of Quaternary Research and investigated the now classic study of the stratigraphy and palynology of the Middle Pleistocene interglacial lake deposits at Hoxne, Suffolk. He was awarded his PhD in 1954, shortly after he was elected a Fellow of Clare College, Cambridge. Richard become a lecturer in the Department of Botany in 1960, in 1966 he became Director of the Subdepartment, and Professor of Botany in 1977. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1968 and was awarded many medals and prizes, including the Lyell and Bigsby medals of the Geological Society and the Albrecht Penck medal of the Deutsche Quartärvereiningung. He retired in 1991. Throughout his career he has maintained a wide interest in Quaternary Science in general, and the British Quaternary geology in particular. His research has been mainly based on the understanding of interglacial and cold-climate period palaeobotany and stratigraphy, but also sedimentation and periglaciation. As well as inspiring three generations of research students, he published numerous reviews, over 120 papers and 9 books. References External links http://www.quaternary.group.cam.ac.uk/history/directors/west.html 1926 births 2020 deaths Alumni of Clare College, Cambridge British botanists Fellows of Clare College, Cambridge Fellows of the Royal Society Lyell Medal winners British geologists British palaeontologists Professors of Botany (Cambridge)
5377024	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disability%20Discrimination%20Act%202005	Disability Discrimination Act 2005	The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (c 13) is an Act of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. Section 20 - Short title, interpretation, commencement and extent The following orders have been made under section 20(3): The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (Commencement No. 1) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/1676 (C. 70)) The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (Commencement No. 2) Order 2005 (S.I. 2005/2774 (C. 113)) The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (Commencement No 3) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/1555 (C. 63)) The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (Commencement No. 4) Order 2010 (S.I. 2010/341 (C. 27)) The Disability Discrimination Act 2005 (Commencement No. 1) (Wales) Order 2007 (S.I. 2007/3285 (W. 289)) References Halsbury's Statutes, External links The Disability Discrimination Act 2005, as amended from the National Archives. The Disability Discrimination Act 2005, as originally enacted from the National Archives. Explanatory notes to the Disability Discrimination Act 2005. United Kingdom Acts of Parliament 2005 Disability law in the United Kingdom Disability legislation
5377033	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislav%20%C5%BDen%C3%AD%C5%A1ek	Ladislav Ženíšek	Ladislav Ženíšek (7 March 1904 in Vinohrady – 14 May 1985) was a Czech football defender and later a football manager. He played 22 matches for Czechoslovakia. He was a participant in the 1934 FIFA World Cup, where Czechoslovakia won the silver medal. In his country he played mostly for Viktoria Žižkov and Slavia Prague. As a football manager he coached several teams, including Viktoria Žižkov, as well as the Czechoslovak national team. References 1904 births 1985 deaths Czech footballers Czechoslovak footballers SK Slavia Prague players FK Viktoria Žižkov players Czech football managers Czechoslovak football managers Association football defenders 1934 FIFA World Cup players Czechoslovakia international footballers Dukla Prague managers Czechoslovakia national football team managers Bohemians 1905 managers FK Viktoria Žižkov managers FK Vítkovice managers Footballers from Prague People from the Kingdom of Bohemia
5377042	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concentrative%20movement%20therapy	Concentrative movement therapy	Concentrative movement therapy (CMT) is a psychotherapeutic method for group and individual therapy which is based on thought models stemming from psychodynamic psychotherapy and depth psychology. Taking as its point of departure the theory that perception is composed of sensation and experience (Viktor von Weizsäcker), CMT is interested in the conscious perception of the body in the "here and now" against the background of the individual life and learning story. General Through the concentrative engagement with early levels of experience, memories are brought to life which appear in bodily expression as posture, movement and behaviour. Like the material which appears in dreams, subjective bodily experience also contains information which can extend back to preverbal times. Bodily movements or bodily contact call forth a patient's basic postures. Through the movement work the biographical material is made topical so that a correlation can be made between what a person has experienced and that person's life story. "The primary process-like level of experience and the secondary process-like level of spoken expression constitute a unity. Through this, speaking acquires the following meaning: What has been experienced is, in the act of being spoken of, conceptualized, and consequently brought to the levels of thought, association, reflection and communication. This is how the sensory-emotional is linked to the linguistic-cognitive cycle in the sense of V. v. Weizsäcker's Gestaltkreis. When we speak of movement therapy, by movement we understand the following: To-move-oneself, the experience of movement includes a person's sensorimotor functions. To-be-moved, what internally moves and has been moved (affects and emotions). To-be-on-the-way, that means the person's developmental steps and his gradual progress in the overcoming of actual or fantasized external or internal impediments. Areas of application Clinical patients and outpatients in individual or group therapy: Psychosomatics Early disturbances: narcissistic and borderline disturbances; in particular, body-schema and body-image disturbances Neurotic disturbances Illnesses resulting from addictions Crisis intervention Acute reaction to pressure Traumas Psychoses Morbid anxiety Compulsion disturbance Eating disorder Depression Chronic illnesses with pain Consciousness raising Adult education Theoretical basis and principles CMT extracts a deepened understanding of human nature from the existence-philosophical formulation, which Gabriel Marcel articulates in the following way: "I have a body and am my body". "For us the body is not the entrance to what psychically happens, but is rather the place where the entirety of what happens psychically takes place." CMT is theoretically based on Gabriel Marcel and Maurice Merleau-Ponty's existence philosophy, Piaget's genetic theory of knowledge, how he presents this in his development of the thought structures, in Viktor von Weizsäcker's medical anthropology (his theory of the Gestaltkreis) and in theories in depth psychology about ego development (A. Freud, Hartmann, Blanck and Blanck) and the object relationship (Balint, Mahler, Ericson, Winnicott, Kohut and Kernberg) and in the newer infant research (Lichtenberg, Stern, Sanders). CMT's fundamental philosophical principles come from diverse sketches of the body-mind problematic in western philosophy. Up until today Descartes' dualism (body and mind as separate entities) marks our thinking. The transition from philosophy to psychology through Ehrenfels, Koffka and Köhler, the Gestalt psychologists, brought about the change to a unifying concept. In the field of philosophy, the phenomenologist and existence philosopher Gabriel Marcel made a significant contribution to the overcoming of the body-mind split with his "Etre et avoir" theory. He arrives at the formulation "I have a body and am my body" ("corp que j` ai et corps que je suis") as does Maurice Merleau-Ponty in his "Phenomenology of Perception": "One's own body is in the world the way that a heart is in an organism: The body is what keeps the entire visible spectacle alive; it innerly nourishes and fills one with life and builds a single system with the spectacle." In his teachings about psychosomatic illnesses, V. v. Weizsäcker starts with psychophysical parallelisms and interaction theory and moves to his Gestaltkreis teachings; in these teachings he starts with the subjectivity of the perception process and with the notion that perception and movement are linked: "What prevails is a continual and reciprocal, self-illuminating, enclosed in-itself, bodily-mental back and forth, in cycle-like unity." On the level of developmental psychology the Gestaltkreis teachings correspond to Jean Piaget's observances on the development of the early childhood structures of perception, attitude and thought. In continual assimilation and accommodation processes, the motor cognitive and the emotional development work together and determine each other. The development of the senses, the continually differentiating thought and comportment structures, and the experience of space and time are, for Piaget, the prerequisites for developing the ability to symbolize. Compatible with this are the theories of development in depth psychology, where the main emphasis is on early childhood experience with the people with whom one has relationships and where the condition for a healthy development is a happy relationship with the person to whom one relates most closely (Balint, Mahler, Ericson, Winnicott, Kohut and Kernberg). "When in therapy it is about gaining more insight and awareness into oneself, language and thinking are needed. But language does not necessarily have to be the verbalization of contents; body language or the expression of one's own private language also helps. It is precisely those patients, who cannot verbally express their feelings and sensations, who more easily find in gesticulation, in symbolic expression about subjects or scenes, a first point of entry into their inner lives." History The Munich physician and psychotherapist Helmut Stolze used the method in the university-clinical field and named it "Concentrative movement therapy" in 1958. From this moment on CMT was taught as a special method on congresses and was more and more represented in the psychotherapeutic practice. Literature Gräff, Ch.: „Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie in der Praxis," Hippokrates Verlag, Stuttgart, 1983 Budjuhn, A.: „Die psycho-sozialen Verfahren. Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie und Gestaltungstherapie in Theorie und Praxis." Verlag modernes lernen, Dortmund, 1992 Pokorny, V. & Hochgerner, M. & Cserny, S.: „Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie" Facultas Wien, 1996 Bayerl, B.: „Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie bei chronisch schizophrenen Patienten – eine Kasuistik", in: Röhricht, Priebe, Körpererleben in der Schizophrenie, Hogrefe Verlag, Göttingen 1998 Schreiber-Willnow, K.: „Körper-, Selbst- und Gruppenerleben in der stationären Konzentrativen Bewegungstherapie", Psychosozial-Verlag, Gießen 2000 Gräff, Ch. & Maria L.: "Aus dem Tunnel der Depression. Ein Entwicklungsweg mit Konzentrativer Bewegungstherapie", Psychosozial-Verlag, Gießen, 2005 K.P.Seidler, K.Schreiber-Willnow, A.Hamacher-Erbguth, M.Pfäfflin: "Die Praxis der Konzentrativen Bewegungstherapie(KBT): Frequenz - Dauer - Setting - Behandelte Störungsbilder", Springer Verlag, Berlin/Heidelberg, 2002 S.Cserny & C.Paluselli: "Der Körper ist der Ort des psychischen Geschehens: praktisches Arbeits-Lehr-Buch für Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie", Verlag Königshausen & Neumann, Würzburg, 2006 References External links Deutscher Arbeitskreis für Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie e.V. (DAKBT) Österreichische Arbeitskreis für Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie (ÖAKBT) Schweizer Arbeitskreis für Konzentrative Bewegungstherapie (CHKBT) Donau Universität Krems Psychotherapies
5377064	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiral%20%28piercing%29	Spiral (piercing)	An ear spiral is a thick spiral that is usually worn through the ear lobe. It is worn in ears that have been stretched. It is normally held in place only by its own downward pressure. Glass ear spirals are shown but many materials are used. Some designs are quite ornate and may include decorative appendages flaring from the underlying concentric pattern. Body piercing jewellery Ear piercing
5377072	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onda%20Verde%20%28radio%20program%29	Onda Verde (radio program)	Onda Verde ("Green Wave") is the name given to the radio traffic reports produced by the Centro di Coordinamento Informazioni sulla Sicurezza Stradale (Road Safety Information Co-ordinating Centre) in Italy and transmitted by the Italian national broadcaster RAI The popular music that introduced this show was created by Clay Remini from the studio ZERODIBI in Milan. The reports, which go out hourly on each of RAI's main radio channels, supply information on the flow of traffic on the country's main roads and motorways. The bulletins are a development of those first produced in the 1980s by the Automobile Club d'Italia from a small radio studio on the Via Magenta in Rome under the title Buon Viaggio ("Safe Journey"). In June 1990 production was transferred to the RAI's Saxa Rubra broadcasting centre. Among the voices that Onda Verde has made famous and familiar to motorists are those of Stefano Baiocchi, Miriam Castelli, Pina Di Salvatore, Michela Macioci, Marina Flaibani, and Massimo Veschi. External links http://www.radio.rai.it/cciss/orari.cfm Rai (broadcaster) Italian radio programs
5377081	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josef%20Ludl	Josef Ludl	Josef Ludl (3 June 1916 in Dalovice – 1 August 1998 in Prague), was a Czech football player. He played for Czechoslovakia, for which he played 16 matches and scored six goals. He was a participant in the 1938 FIFA World Cup. In his country he played for Viktoria Žižkov and Sparta Prague. He scored 128 league goals. References Story at AC Sparta Praha official website ČMFS entry 1916 births 1998 deaths People from Mladá Boleslav District People from the Kingdom of Bohemia Czech footballers Czechoslovak footballers 1938 FIFA World Cup players FK Viktoria Žižkov players AC Sparta Prague players Czechoslovakia international footballers Czech football managers Czechoslovak football managers SK Kladno managers FC Hradec Králové managers Association football forwards Sportspeople from the Central Bohemian Region
5377084	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rohan%20Smith	Rohan Smith	Rohan H. Smith (born 31 May 1973) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Australian Football League. Debuting in 1992 after being recruited around 1990, Smith has long been one of the Bulldogs' favourite sons, with his reputation rising during the mid-1990s when he became one of the best half-backs in the league. In 1997 he cemented this reputation by earning All-Australian selection. Smith is currently serving as the backline coach of the Western Bulldogs and enjoys his time with his family. Early life Smith attended St. Paul's College in Altona North, Victoria. 1997 The 1997 season was the most eventful for Smith and his team, which made a preliminary final. Despite a four-point lead in the last quarter, the Bulldogs had victory stolen from them by Adelaide. The battling club, which was the subject of the Year of the Dogs documentary in 1996, drastically improved in 1997 with the club being renamed from Footscray to the Western Bulldogs and seemingly a new dawn arising with a Grand Final berth likely. He also had a little girl named Keely Shea Smith and in 1999 had a son named Jacob Harrington Smith. With the Bulldog's surrender of a big lead, Smith is best remembered for encapsulating the feelings of the team after the loss, on his knees in the middle of the Melbourne Cricket Ground, punching the turf. Later career Smith again won All-Australian selection in 2003 and in recent seasons had been noted for his longevity in the game, at 33 years of age still being a valuable member of a young Bulldogs side. However, he had noticeably lost some of his pace during the 2006 season, and announced his retirement before the start of the finals series in 2006. There was talk of him continuing a further year if he was stuck on 299 games, but he insisted that he would retire at the end of the season, regardless of his games tally. The Bulldogs won their first final, against Collingwood, to set up a 300th game for Smith which he would share with Scott West, another long serving veteran and one of Smith's best friends at the club. Smith and West were the only team mates in AFL history to share their 300th game in the same match. Unfortunately that game would be his last, with the Bulldogs going down by 74 points, away to West Coast. An emotional Smith was chaired off the Subiaco Oval where he received a standing ovation, a testament to his illustrious career. Smith now resides in Williamstown with his wife Alison and his two children. Following his retirement, Smith became a commentator for Fox Sports, since 2012 Smith has been an assistant coach at his former club in the Western Bulldogs. Statistics \|- \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 1992 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 31 \|\| 14 \|\| 10 \|\| 9 \|\| 95 \|\| 46 \|\| 141 \|\| 24 \|\| 19 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 0.6 \|\| 6.8 \|\| 3.3 \|\| 10.1 \|\| 1.7 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 0 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 1993 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 6 \|\| 7 \|\| 6 \|\| 54 \|\| 18 \|\| 72 \|\| 23 \|\| 5 \|\| 1.2 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 9.0 \|\| 3.0 \|\| 12.0 \|\| 3.8 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 0 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 1994 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 11 \|\| 2 \|\| 1 \|\| 63 \|\| 43 \|\| 106 \|\| 22 \|\| 16 \|\| 0.2 \|\| 0.1 \|\| 5.7 \|\| 3.9 \|\| 9.6 \|\| 2.0 \|\| 1.5 \|\| 0 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 1995 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 22 \|\| 6 \|\| 9 \|\| 277 \|\| 135 \|\| 412 \|\| 86 \|\| 28 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 12.6 \|\| 6.1 \|\| 18.7 \|\| 3.9 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 12 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 1996 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 22 \|\| 15 \|\| 9 \|\| 280 \|\| 105 \|\| 385 \|\| 89 \|\| 29 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 12.7 \|\| 4.8 \|\| 17.5 \|\| 4.0 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 4 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 1997 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 24 \|\| 26 \|\| 13 \|\| 318 \|\| 145 \|\| 463 \|\| 95 \|\| 32 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 13.3 \|\| 6.0 \|\| 19.3 \|\| 4.0 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 3 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 1998 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 24 \|\| 29 \|\| 26 \|\| 245 \|\| 121 \|\| 366 \|\| 101 \|\| 23 \|\| 1.2 \|\| 1.1 \|\| 10.2 \|\| 5.0 \|\| 15.3 \|\| 4.2 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 6 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 1999 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 24 \|\| 31 \|\| 22 \|\| 284 \|\| 114 \|\| 398 \|\| 122 \|\| 17 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 11.8 \|\| 4.8 \|\| 16.6 \|\| 5.1 \|\| 0.7 \|\| 6 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2000 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 23 \|\| 42 \|\| 20 \|\| 271 \|\| 108 \|\| 379 \|\| 125 \|\| 15 \|\| 1.8 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 11.8 \|\| 4.7 \|\| 16.5 \|\| 5.4 \|\| 0.6 \|\| 0 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2001 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 21 \|\| 18 \|\| 21 \|\| 258 \|\| 102 \|\| 360 \|\| 96 \|\| 17 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 1.0 \|\| 12.3 \|\| 4.9 \|\| 17.1 \|\| 4.6 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 3 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2002 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 22 \|\| 18 \|\| 11 \|\| 293 \|\| 130 \|\| 423 \|\| 111 \|\| 31 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 0.5 \|\| 13.3 \|\| 5.9 \|\| 19.2 \|\| 5.0 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 3 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2003 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 22 \|\| 6 \|\| 7 \|\| 353 \|\| 144 \|\| 497 \|\| 95 \|\| 30 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 16.0 \|\| 6.5 \|\| 22.6 \|\| 4.3 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 4 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2004 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 21 \|\| 7 \|\| 13 \|\| 304 \|\| 88 \|\| 392 \|\| 97 \|\| 29 \|\| 0.3 \|\| 0.6 \|\| 14.5 \|\| 4.2 \|\| 18.7 \|\| 4.6 \|\| 1.4 \|\| 4 \|- ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2005 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 20 \|\| 16 \|\| 17 \|\| 243 \|\| 135 \|\| 378 \|\| 121 \|\| 26 \|\| 0.8 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 12.2 \|\| 6.8 \|\| 18.9 \|\| 6.1 \|\| 1.3 \|\| 0 \|- style="background-color: #EAEAEA" ! scope="row" style="text-align:center" \| 2006 \|style="text-align:center;"\| \| 5 \|\| 24 \|\| 21 \|\| 10 \|\| 241 \|\| 132 \|\| 373 \|\| 137 \|\| 45 \|\| 0.9 \|\| 0.4 \|\| 10.0 \|\| 5.5 \|\| 15.5 \|\| 5.7 \|\| 1.9 \|\| 0 \|- class="sortbottom" ! colspan=3\| Career ! 300 ! 254 ! 194 ! 3579 ! 1566 ! 5145 ! 1344 ! 362 ! 0.8 ! 0.6 ! 11.9 ! 5.2 ! 17.2 ! 4.5 ! 1.2 ! 45 \|} References External links 1973 births Living people Western Bulldogs players All-Australians (AFL) People from Williamstown, Victoria Victorian State of Origin players Australian rules footballers from Victoria (Australia) E. J. Whitten Medal winners Australia international rules football team players
3986772	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederic%20Tuten	Frederic Tuten	Frederic Tuten (born December 2, 1936), is an American novelist, short story writer and essayist. He has written five novels – The Adventures of Mao on the Long March (1971), Tallien: A Brief Romance (1988), Tintin in the New World: A Romance (1993), Van Gogh's Bad Café (1997) and The Green Hour (2002) – as well as one book of inter-related short stories, Self-Portraits: Fictions (2010), and essays, many of the latter being about contemporary art. His memoir My Young Life (2019) was published by Simon & Schuster. Tuten received a Guggenheim Fellowship for Fiction and was given the Award for Distinguished Writing from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. He was awarded three Pushcart Prizes and one O. Henry Prize. Biography Born in The Bronx, New York City, New York, in the United States, Tuten is the son of a Sicilian mother and a French-Huguenot father. His father left their family when Tuten was young, and though they were never close, his father eventually was a part of Tuten's life before his death. Tuten received his undergraduate degree from the City College of New York. After studying pre-Columbian art history at the National Autonomous University of Mexico and travelling through South America writing on Brazilian cinema, he earned a Ph.D. in 19th-century American literature from New York University, concentrating on Melville, Whitman, and James Fenimore Cooper, and taught literature and American cinema in France at the University of Paris VIII: Vincennes—Saint-Denis. Tuten spent 15 years heading the graduate program in creative writing at the City College of New York, which he co-founded. In that capacity, he championed the work of students Walter Mosley, Oscar Hijuelos, Philip Graham, Aurelie Sheehan, Salar Abdoh, Ernesto Quiñonez, and many others. He also teaches classes on experimental writing at The New School. He is on the board of advisors for Guernica Magazine and executive editor of Smyles & Fish. Tuten's short fiction has appeared in Granta, Conjunctions, Fence, Fiction, The New Review of Literature, Tri-Quarterly, and Harper's Magazine. In 1973, he received a Guggenheim Fellowship for Creative Writing and in 2001 was given the Award for Distinguished Writing from the American Academy of Arts and Letters. In describing his usage of the past in his novels (where many of them are set), Tuten once stated:The fact that I don’t write about contemporary life doesn’t mean I’m any less taken up with it. I find it too limiting to write about contemporary life just in contemporary diction, however. I don’t think there's enough flexibility. I can imagine writing about characters who feel passion for one another in a contemporary setting but I don’t, as yet, hear the language for that. But I’m always thinking about contemporary life vis a vis the way it looks in the past. I mean how it looks in the past is a reflection of what it is today. That's what interests me. I think I’m always talking about present-day life, not only political life but about the quality of passion, the quality of all relationships and love. Tuten is also a well-known figure within the art world. He has worked as an art and film critic in various venues such as the New York Times and Artforum and often incorporates allusions to these fields in his fiction as well. Tuten was a close personal friend of Roy Lichtenstein and published several essays on his work, as well as catalogue essays for many other artists including John Baldessari, Ross Bleckner, Eric Fischl, R. B. Kitaj, and David Salle. Tuten currently resides in New York City's East Village. Works Novels Tuten's first novel, The Adventures of Mao on the Long March (1971), a fictionalized account of Chairman Mao's rise to power, is highly experimental in nature. It contains Faulkneresque changes in narrative and lengthy fictional conversations with Mao that read like journalistic interviews. The story first appeared in 1969 in a 39-page condensed form in the magazine Artist Slain. The novel in its entirety was subsequently published by Citadel Press in 1971, and re-released in 2005 by New Directions. In 1988, The Philadelphia Inquirer noted that the book "was hailed as a modernist classic, with high praise from such differing sensibilities as Susan Sontag and John Updike." The cover of Mao features original artwork by painter Roy Lichtenstein. This is fitting for Tuten whom, in life as in his novels, has a keen interest in artistic criticism (particularly with regard to painting). Tuten himself was actually used as a model for the drawing, which Lichtenstein altered accordingly to resemble Mao. His next novel, Tallien: A Brief Romance (1988), is also about an historical figure, though one not nearly as well known as Mao. Jean Lambert Tallien was a high-ranking figure in the French Revolution, serving as the president of the Constitutional Convention and a member of the Committee of Public Safety. Like Mao, Tallien was a member of the common classes who rose to the upper crust of the revolutionary ranks. Tuten tells the story of Tallien's courtship and marriage to Therese, a condemned member of the French aristocracy. When eyebrows are raised by Tallien's show of clemency, Tuten describes in minute organizational detail the sometimes-banal and sometimes-bloody bureaucratic struggle that ensues. The narrative is intercut with the author's account of his own father's life, demonstrating an illiquid literary mechanism similar to that used in The Adventures of Mao. Reviewing the novel in The Palm Beach Post, Gary Schwam wrote: "Tuten tells this tale swiftly and vividly . . . This sharp, daring little novel is another report from the political and emotional gulag, another attempt to help us remember." Tintin in the New World (1993) is perhaps Tuten's best known and most critically acclaimed work. The novel's unlikely protagonist is Tintin, the cartoon boy detective created by Belgian comic artist Georges Remi, better known as Hergé. Tuten transplants Tintin from his comic book confines into a fleshed out, realistic world with all its wicked, grave and abstruse trappings. Appreciation of the book is enhanced by an acquaintance with Thomas Mann's The Magic Mountain, the characters of which it uses. The cover of the novel, like The Adventures of Mao, features a drawing by Roy Lichtenstein, which was created expressly for the novel. Again Lichtenstein makes use of the benday dot technique to depict Tintin and his dog Snowy in a near-miss with a would-be assassin's knife. Behind Tintin hangs the painting Dance (I) by Henri Matisse, which in reality is displayed in the Museum of Modern Art in New York City. Roy Lichtenstein's own rendering of Dance, sans Tintin, hangs in the same museum. Writing in The New York Times Book Review, Edmund White called Tintin in the New World "queerly beautiful" and said that in the novel Tuten "shows that by tapping the energy of Hergé's archetypes he has, surprisingly, been able to make a statement more personal than autobiography." The book went through several print runs, both in the United States and the UK (in Britain, the novel was published by Marion Boyars Publishers, and later Minerva). The novel was also translated into French, German, Dutch, Spanish, Catalan, and Swedish. In 2005, it was re-released by Black Classics Press in the USA, with an introduction by Paul LaFarge. All editions of the book feature the Interior with Painting of Tintin jacket illustration created by Lichtenstein. Like Mao and Tallien, Tuten's next novel, Van Gogh's Bad Café (1997), offers an imagined glimpse into the psyche of a historical character, Dutch artist Vincent van Gogh. The book is also similar to Mao in that the time and place of action and the narrator are inconsistent throughout and change without warning. Van Gogh's Bad Café explores the themes of love and addiction. In his review in The Los Angeles Times, Richard Eder wrote, "In 'Van Gogh's Bad Cafe,' his finest book, Tuten has brought to fruition what I think he was aiming at in the diverting but self-conscious 'Tintin.' His message about the end of art has become a work of art and almost too sad to bear." Tuten's most recent novel, The Green Hour (2002), is in many ways a departure from the others. The setting is the present day, and the characters are not borrowed from history. Further, it lacks much of the impertinent humor and ethereal feel of his previous works. The story recounts the 30-year love affair between an academic and a spiritual vagabond. Several of Frederic Tuten's novels and short stories feature a cat named Nicolino. "The Collagists" In 2007 Tuten was asked by literary website Smyles and Fish, along with lifelong friend Jerome Charyn, to write an essay about their former colleague and friend Donald Barthelme. The project evolved into a lengthy article, which offers a sort of collage of these three writers and the world of their influences. The work is divided into three parts – an introductory essay on the project by editor-in-chief Iris Smyles, Charyn's essay on Barthelme, and Tuten's piece "My Autobiography: Portable with Images", into which Tuten embedded illustrations by Max Ernst and quotes from Barthelme's works. Short Story Collections In 2010, Tuten published Self Portraits: Fictions a collection of interrelated short stories that create a portrait of Tuten's life, both real and imagined. Short stories "My Autobiography : Portable, with Commentary", Conjunctions 40, Spring 2003. "In the Borghese Gardens," The New Review of Literature Vol. 1, October 2003. Tuten's first collection of short stories entitled Self Portraits: Fictions was published by W. W. Norton on 13 September 2010 and includes the following stories: "The Park Near Marienbad", Conjunctions 42, Spring 2004. "Voyagers", Conjunctions 44, Spring 2005. "The Park in Winter," Fence Vol.8, Summer 2005. "The Ship at Anchor", Granta 91, September 2005. "Self Portrait with Icebergs", KGB Bar Lit, 2005. "Self Portrait with Cheese", "Roy Lichtenstein: Conversations with Surrealism, Exhibition Catalogue: Mitchell-Innes & Nash, October 2005; reprinted in Smyles & Fish 1, Fall 2006. "Self Portrait with Beach", Mona Kuhn : Evidence, 2007 ; reprinted in Conjunctions 48, Spring 2007, and in Harper's, August 2007; "Self Portrait with Sicily," Conjunctions, Spring 2008. "The Bar on Tompkins Square Park: Self Portrait with Blue Horse", BOMB Magazine, Summer 2009. "The Park on Fire" "Self Portrait with Circus" "Self Portrait with Bullfight" Memoir In March 2019, Tuten published his memoir My Young Life with Simon & Schuster. Spanning 1944-1965, My Young Life follows Tuten from The Bronx to Greenwich Village, with side trips to Mexico City and Syracuse, as he chases his artistic and literary aspirations. It was reviewed in The New Yorker, Kirkus Reviews, Publishers Weekly, and Booklist. It was selected as an Editor's Choice at BOMB Magazine. Essays "Trova." Arts Mag., XLIII (December 1968 – January 1969), 32–33. "Roy Lichtenstein Bronze Sculpture 1976–1989." 65 Thompson Street, 1989. "Twenty-Five Years After : The Adventures of Mao on the Long March." Archipelago, 1997. . "Still Replying to Grandma's Persistent 'And Then?'" Writers on Writing (2002). - reprinted as a prologue to the short story collection Self Portraits: Fictions Frederic Tuten / December Guest Editor. Guernica Magazine, 2006. Frederic Tuten comments on fiction from four selected writers whose work he edited for Guernica Magazine. Other writings Tuten has contributed to the following books: R.B. Kitaj Pictures. Marlborough Gallery, 1974. Roy Lichtenstein: Water Lilies. Richard Gray Gallery, 1992. David Salle. Gagosian Gallery, 1999. Roy Lichtenstein: Early Black and White Paintings. Gagosian Gallery, 2002. Eric Fischl: Paintings And Drawings 1979-2001. Hatje Cantz, 2003. John Baldessari. Ecole normale supérieure des beaux-arts, 2005. Roy Lichtenstein: Conversations With Surrealism. Mitchell-Innes & Nash, 2006. Tuten also co-wrote the 1981 cult movie Possession with its director, Andrzej Zulawski. Notes Further reading External links Frederic Tuten's Young Life Studio 360 (April 11, 2019) Hotel Manhattan via Paris, Frederic Tuten in Conversation (2019) Ross Bleckner & Frederic Tuten The Strand (November 26, 2012) A Conversation with Frederic Tuten and Steve Martin Getty Research Institute (May 23, 2012) BOMB Magazine Interview with Frederic Tuten by Bruce Wolmer (Winter, 1989) 20th-century American novelists 21st-century American novelists American male novelists American art critics American film critics City College of New York alumni New York University alumni National Autonomous University of Mexico alumni The New School faculty University of Paris faculty People from the Bronx Tintin Writers from Manhattan 1936 births Living people American male essayists 20th-century American essayists 21st-century American essayists Journalists from New York City Novelists from New York (state) People from the East Village, Manhattan 20th-century American male writers 21st-century American male writers O. Henry Award winners
5377097	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bahamas%20Securities%20Exchange	Bahamas Securities Exchange	The Bahamas International Securities Exchange (BISX) is a securities exchange in the Bahamas. It was founded in 1999 and is located in Nassau. The unique four symbol alphanumeric Market Identifier Code (MIC) used to identify the BISX as defined under ISO 10383. of the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) is: XBAA. Listed companies See also Economy of the Bahamas List of stock exchanges in the Americas List of stock exchanges in the Commonwealth of Nations References Economy of the Bahamas Financial services companies of the Bahamas Stock exchanges in the Caribbean 1999 establishments in the Bahamas Nassau, Bahamas
5377119	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Albert%20Park	Electoral district of Albert Park	The electoral district of Albert Park is one of the electoral districts of Victoria, Australia, for the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It covers an area of in inner suburban Melbourne, and includes the suburbs of Albert Park, Middle Park, Port Melbourne, St Kilda West, Southbank, South Melbourne, South Wharf, and parts of St Kilda. It lies within the Southern Metropolitan Region of the upper house, the Legislative Council. It was first proclaimed in 1889, and has been held by the Labor Party without interruption since the 1950 election. John Thwaites was the member from 1992 to 2007, serving as deputy leader of Victorian Labor from 1996 to 2007 and as Deputy Premier of Victoria from 1999 to 2007. He and Premier Steve Bracks, the member for neighbouring Williamstown, both resigned on 30 July 2007. A by-election was held on 15 September 2007, which resulted in Martin Foley retaining the seat for Labor. Members for Albert Park Election results External links Electorate profile: Albert Park District, Victorian Electoral Commission References Electoral districts of Victoria (Australia) 1889 establishments in Australia
3986779	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCGS%20Sir%20Wilfrid%20Laurier	CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier	CCGS Sir Wilfrid Laurier is a light icebreaker and major navaids tender of the Canadian Coast Guard. Built in 1986 by Canadian Shipbuilding at Collingwood, Ontario, Canada, she was the last ship constructed there. The ship has been based out of Victoria, British Columbia. Description and design Designed as a light icebreaker and buoy tender, Sir Wilfrid Laurier displaces fully loaded with a and a . The ship is long overall with a beam of and a draught of . The vessel is propelled by two fixed-pitch propellers and bow thrusters powered by three Alco 251F diesel-electric engines creating and three Canadian GE generators producing 6 megawatts of AC power driving two Canadian GE motors creating . The ship is also equipped with one Caterpillar 3306 emergency generator. This gives the ship a maximum speed of . Capable of carrying of diesel fuel, Sir Wilfrid Laurier has a maximum range of at a cruising speed of and can stay at sea for up to 120 days. The ship is certified as Arctic Class 2. The icebreaker is equipped with one Racal Decca Bridgemaster navigational radar operating on the I band. The vessel has a cargo hold. Sir Wilfrid Laurier has a flight deck and hangar which originally accommodated light helicopters of the MBB Bo 105 or Bell 206L types, but in the 2010s, the Bell 429 GlobalRanger and Bell 412EPI were acquired by the Canadian Coast Guard to replace the older helicopters. The ship has a complement of 27, with 10 officers and 17 crew. Sir Wilfrid Laurier has 26 additional berths. Workboat/lifeboat Sir Wilfrid Lauriers workboat/lifeboat No. 1 was re-purposed as a training boat/work boat that has been operated by the Maritime Affairs Committee Navy League of Canada – Outaouais Branch since 1995. The boat was named Fred Gordon, in honour of (ret'd) Fred Gordon, EM, CD former Regimental Sergeant-Major for Le Régiment de Hull (RCAC) 1967–1971. Fred Gordon was a member of the Hull Legion who supported the Royal Canadian Navy Sea Cadet Corps la Hulloise (CCMRC No. 230) sponsored by the Outaouais Branch of the Navy League of Canada. Operational history The ship was constructed by Canadian Shipbuilding at their yard in Collingwood, Ontario with the yard number 230. Named for a former prime minister of Canada, Sir Wilfrid Laurier was launched on 6 December 1985 and entered service on 15 November 1986. The ship is registered in Ottawa, Ontario, and homeported at Victoria, British Columbia. The ship was initially assigned to the Laurentian Region, but transferred to the Western Region. Sir Wilfrid Laurier is a multi-tasked vessel which carries out a wide variety of Coast Guard programs including buoy tending, search and rescue, science work, lightstation re-supply, beacon maintenance, radio repeater site maintenance, and icebreaking/escorting, aids to navigation and science work during summer patrols in the Arctic. The vessel has been employed on research voyages and the rescue of survivors of the car ferry . In 2014 the ship was part of the search for John Franklin's ships, and , during the Victoria Strait Expedition. Erebus was found on that expedition. In 2016, Sir Wilfrid Laurier, accompanied by the Royal Canadian Navy vessel , carried archaeologists to the site for further research. The two vessels also continued the search for Terror. References Notes Citations Sources Martha L. Black-class icebreakers 1986 ships Ships built in Collingwood, Ontario
5377125	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ji%C5%99%C3%AD%20Hled%C3%ADk	Jiří Hledík	Jiří Hledík (19 April 1929 – 25 April 2015) was a Czech football defender. He played for Czechoslovakia, for which he played 28 matches and scored one goal. He was a participant in the 1954 FIFA World Cup where he played in the match against Uruguay. In his country he played for Sparta Prague and FC Hradec Králové. References 1929 births 2015 deaths Czech footballers Czechoslovak footballers AC Sparta Prague players Dukla Prague footballers FC Hradec Králové players Association football defenders 1954 FIFA World Cup players Czechoslovakia international footballers Sportspeople from Pardubice Křídla vlasti Olomouc players
5377133	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duncan%20B.%20Campbell	Duncan B. Campbell	Duncan B. Campbell is a scholar of Greek and Roman warfare. He published his first paper in 1984, as an undergraduate at Glasgow University (Scotland), and produced a complete re-assessment of Roman siegecraft for his PhD. Besides academic articles, he has written several popular books about ancient warfare, chiefly siegecraft, published by Osprey Publishing. He is a regular contributor to Ancient Warfare magazine and a frequent reviewer for Bryn Mawr Classical Review. He has published a new edition, with English translation, of the Roman military source known as the Liber de munitionibus castrorum. References External links Duncan B Campbell's website Author's page at Academia Author's page at Good Reads Author biography at Osprey Publishing Reviews at Bryn Mawr Classical Review Living people Year of birth missing (living people) Alumni of the University of Glasgow
5377158	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V%C3%A1clav%20N%C4%9Bme%C4%8Dek	Václav Němeček	Václav Němeček (born 25 January 1967 in Hradec Králové) is a Czech former professional footballer. He played for Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic. As a combined total for both national teams, he played 60 matches and scored 6 goals. He was a participant in the 1990 FIFA World Cup. He played for FC Hradec Králové, AC Sparta Prague, Toulouse FC, Servette Geneva and Dalian Wanda FC. Honours Sparta Prague Czechoslovak First League: 1986-87, 1987-88, 1988-89, 1989-90, 1990-91 Gambrinus liga: 1997–98 Czechoslovak Cup: 1988, 1989, 1992 Dalian Wanda FC Chinese Jia-A League: 1998 References External links Living people 1967 births Sportspeople from Hradec Králové Association football midfielders Czech footballers Czech Republic international footballers Czechoslovak footballers Czechoslovakia international footballers Dual internationalists (football) Czech expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in France Expatriate footballers in Switzerland FC Hradec Králové players AC Sparta Prague players Toulouse FC players Ligue 1 players Servette FC players Swiss Super League players Dalian Shide F.C. players Czech First League players 1990 FIFA World Cup players UEFA Euro 1996 players Expatriate footballers in China Czechoslovak expatriate footballers Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in France Czech expatriate sportspeople in France Czech expatriate sportspeople in Switzerland Czech expatriate sportspeople in China
5377168	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Opus%20emplectum	Opus emplectum	Opus emplectum is an advanced Roman construction technique. Each side of a wall is constructed with finished stone blocks, leaving a substantial void between them. The void is filled with a mixture of broken stones mixed with mortar. A good example of this technique are the ruins of the Romanesque tower in Strzelno. References Masonry
5377176	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BSD%20disklabel	BSD disklabel	In BSD-derived computer operating systems (including NetBSD, OpenBSD, FreeBSD and DragonFly BSD) and in related operating systems such as SunOS, a disklabel is a record stored on a data storage device such as a hard disk that contains information about the location of the partitions on the disk. Disklabels were introduced in the 4.3BSD-Tahoe release. Disklabels are usually edited using the utility. In later versions of FreeBSD, this was renamed as . Where disklabels are stored Traditionally, the disklabel was the first sector of the disk. However, this system only works when the only operating systems that access the disk are Unix systems that comprehend disklabels. In the world of IBM PC compatibles, disks are usually partitioned using the PC BIOS's master boot record (MBR) Partition Table scheme instead, and the BSD partitioning scheme is nested within a single, primary, MBR partition (just as the "extended" partitioning scheme is nested within a single primary partition with extended boot records). Sometimes (particularly in FreeBSD), the primary MBR partitions are referred to as slices and the subdivisions of a primary MBR partition (for the nested BSD partitioning scheme) that are described by its disklabel are called partitions. The BSD disklabel is contained within the volume boot record of its primary MBR partition. The MBR partition IDs for primary partitions that are subdivided using BSD disklabels are (386BSD and FreeBSD), (OpenBSD), (NetBSD), and (DragonFly BSD). This format has a similar goal as the extended partitions and logical partition system used by MS-DOS, Windows and Linux. The same PC hard drive can have both BSD disklabel partitions and the MS-DOS type logical partitions in separate primary partitions. FreeBSD and other BSD operating systems can access both the BSD disklabel subdivided partition and the MS-DOS type Extended/Logical partitions. The contents of disklabels BSD disklabels traditionally contain 8 entries for describing partitions. These are, by convention, labeled alphabetically, 'a' through to 'h'. Some BSD variants have since increased this to 16 partitions, labeled 'a' through to 'p'. Also by convention, partitions 'a', 'b', and 'c' have fixed meanings: Partition 'a' is the "root" partition, the volume from which the operating system is bootstrapped. The boot code in the Volume Boot Record containing the disklabel is thus simplified, as it need only look in one fixed location to find the location of the boot volume; Partition 'b' is the "swap" partition; Partition 'c' overlaps all of the other partitions and describes the entire disk. Its start and length are fixed. On systems where the disklabel co-exists with another partitioning scheme (such as on PC hardware), partition 'c' may actually only extend to an area of disk allocated to the BSD operating system, and partition 'd' is used to cover the whole physical disk. See also Master Boot Record (MBR) Extended Boot Record (EBR) GUID Partition Table (GPT) Boot Engineering Extension Record (BEER) Apple Partition Map (APM) Rigid Disk Block (RDB) References Further reading BSD software Disk partitions Unix file system technology
5377181	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowfant%20railway%20station	Rowfant railway station	Rowfant was a railway station on the Three Bridges to Tunbridge Wells Central Line in the parish of Worth, West Sussex. The line closed in 1967, a casualty of the Beeching Axe. The route of the railway line cut a path through the estate of Curtis Miranda Lampson, a wealthy American fur trader and vice-chairman of the Atlantic Telegraph Company, who agreed to sell his land cheaply to the London, Brighton and South Coast Railway (LBSCR) on condition that a station be provided, together with the right to stop trains on request. Apart from Lampson's Rowfant House the only other nearby residence was Worth Hall owned by John Nix, an LBSCR director. At Lampson's request a shelter was provided for his coachmen. Before and during World War Two an Air Force Reserve Storage Depot, was constructed adjacent to the station and railway line. Train services Rowfant, initially the only intermediate station between Three Bridges and East Grinstead, saw an initial service of six passenger trains per day, with two on Sundays. By 1859 this had increased to nine services with one early morning goods train, and four Sunday services. The opening of another intermediate station in 1860, Grange Road, saw passenger trains cut to six on weekdays. An additional siding and crossover were provided in 1878, the siding serving a nearby brickworks. The station was further enlarged in 1900-1901 when it became a crossing station with a new 500 ft. Up platform and footbridge. In 1906 the introduction of new motor carriages led to an increase in weekday services. Closure Nevertheless, Rowfant saw very little passenger traffic and jointly held with Kingscote the record for the least revenue for passenger journeys on the LBSCR. Although it saw a brief revival in terms of freight traffic when Gatwick Airport opened in the late 1950s and jet fuel was stored in the Petroleum Storage Depot, its days were numbered and it closed with the rest of the line in January 1967 under the programme of closures put forward by local resident and British Rail Chairman, Richard Beeching. The site today Today the majority of the station survives, with the station site and goods yard occupied by a company producing road-building materials, Colas Limited. The station building, stationmaster's house and part of the Down platform survive. The Worth Way, a public footpath following the line of the railway, runs alongside the north face of the station building which is currently disused with its windows and doorways bricked up. Former fuel storage depot Originally constructed by Shell-Mex & BP as an Air Force Reserve Depot during the war in two phases in 1938–9 and 1943–4 with two sites. Three 4,000 ton, ten 900 ton, one 450 ton white oil tanks; two 250 ton and two 500 ton lube oil tanks. Semi-buried fuel and lube oil tanks were built on both sides of the East Grinstead/Rowfant Railway Station road. there were road loading facilities for white and lube oils and a rail gantry about 300 metres east of the depot on sidings at the railway station. The site was handed over by the Air Ministry to the Ministry of Power in 1959. It was declared surplus in 1982, demolished in 1991 and sold in 1999. See also List of closed railway stations in Britain References External links Map showing Rowfant Disused railway stations in West Sussex Former London, Brighton and South Coast Railway stations Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1855 Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1967 Beeching closures in England
5377183	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renyel%20Pinto	Renyel Pinto	'Renyel Eligio Pinto Cumache (born July 8, 1982) is a Venezuelan former professional baseball pitcher. He played for the Florida Marlins of Major League Baseball (MLB) and the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball (NPB). Career Chicago Cubs In , Pinto was named the Cubs' minor league pitcher of the year, after going 11–8 with a Southern League-leading 2.92 ERA while pitching for the Double-A West Tenn Diamond Jaxx. He earned mid-season and post-season SL All-Star honors and was promoted to the Triple-A Iowa Cubs. Florida Marlins Pinto was acquired by Florida, along with pitchers Sergio Mitre and Ricky Nolasco, in the trade that sent outfielder Juan Pierre to the Chicago Cubs in . In four scoreless innings for the Marlins in , Pinto struck out three and allowed two hits before being optioned to the Triple-A Albuquerque Isotopes on May 30. He was called back up to the major leagues when the teams expanded to their 40-man rosters. In , Pinto made his mark in the Marlins bullpen being used as a very good situational lefty early in the season. He excelled against lefties and was difficult on righties with his improving changeup. In , Pinto stepped back into his situational lefty role, but he has been used many times as a multi-inning reliever and was even considered for a rotation spot during spring training. He has excelled during this season in all the roles he's been used in. St. Louis Cardinals On June 23, 2010, Pinto was released by the Florida Marlins after being designated for assignment and signed with the St. Louis Cardinals. On August 21, 2010, the Cardinals released him. Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks Pinto signed with the Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks of Nippon Professional Baseball for the 2012 season. He was released on April 11, 2012. Diablos Rojos del Mexico On April 18, 2014, Pinto signed with the Diablos Rojos del Mexico of the Mexican Baseball League. He was released on May 3, 2014. Piratas de Campeche On April 20, 2022, Pinto signed with the Piratas de Campeche of the Mexican League, after nearly 8 years out of professional baseball. He made 5 bullpen appearances and registered a 7.94 ERA. Pinto was released on May 9, 2022. See also List of Major League Baseball players from Venezuela References External links 1982 births Living people Albuquerque Isotopes players Arizona League Cubs players Caribes de Anzoátegui players Caribes de Oriente players Daytona Cubs players Diablos Rojos del México players Florida Marlins players Fukuoka SoftBank Hawks players Iowa Cubs players Jupiter Hammerheads players Lansing Lugnuts players Major League Baseball pitchers Major League Baseball players from Venezuela Memphis Redbirds players Mexican League baseball pitchers New Orleans Zephyrs players Nippon Professional Baseball pitchers People from Miranda (state) Tiburones de La Guaira players Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Japan Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in Mexico Venezuelan expatriate baseball players in the United States West Tennessee Diamond Jaxx players
5377188	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Livesey%20Museum%20for%20Children	Livesey Museum for Children	The Livesey Museum for Children was in the Old Kent Road, within the London Borough of Southwark, London, England. The Livesey Museum was one of very few children's museums in the United Kingdom, which used to show a completely new hands-on exhibition every year. Each exhibition was suitable for all children under 12, and admission was free. It was hosted in a former public library on Old Kent Road in Southwark and was funded by Southwark Council. Exhibitions explored such themes as Shelter, Energy, and Myths & Legends. The museum had no permanent collection, but each exhibition features objects and artwork on loan from Southwark Council's historic collections. Closure In February 2008 Southwark Council voted to close the museum and it was planned to close to the public on 1 March 2008. The decision was due to budget cuts despite the popularity and success of the Museum. After a brief campaign to persuade the Council to keep it open, a campaign group which subsequently became a registered charity, the Friends of the Livesey Museum for Children, were proposing to form a trust, to raise funds and to run it for the community. In April 2008 Southwark Council has now accepted that the building was covenanted and owned by a trust not by the Council itself. It is possible that the Council had been in breach of the trust by opening the building as a children's museum in 1974 after it had closed as a public library in 1966, although there is no legal distinction between a free museum or a library. This trusteeship also meant that Southwark would not be able to sell the building. At least two organisations proposed to run the building including the Friends charity who submitted a proposal underwritten by Novas Scarman. Southwark Council voted to let the building to Theatre Peckham. Southwark needed the approval of the Charity Commission to change the trust deed to allow its use as a theatre rehearsal space rather than a public library. A scheme was proposed in 2009, but subsequently failed to raise sufficient funds to be implemented. , the building was occupied by a group of squatters. Since then, the building has become part of an authorised "guardian scheme", whereby temporary residents provide security. Future plans for the building In November 2012, Southwark Council approved Treasure House (London) CIC as preferred partners in the running of the Livesey Building. Treasure House proposed to use the building to provide education for children aged 13–19 who cannot access mainstream education, in addition to offering the local community educational and cultural programmes. History According to the Livesey Building FAQ: "The Livesey building was bequeathed by George Livesey, a local benefactor, to the Commissioners for Public Libraries and Museums for the Parish of Camberwell in 1890. It was given as a free public library and operated until 1966 when the then council relocated its library provision to a nearby site and the building closed to the public." The building itself is Grade II listed. A statue of Livesey by Frederick Pomeroy, which was previously located at Livesey's nearby gas works, is in the grounds of the former museum. The statue is also Grade II listed. References External links Livesey Museum website (archived link) Friends website Treasure House London website Buildings and structures in the London Borough of Southwark Children's museums in the United Kingdom Defunct museums in London Museums established in 1974 Museums disestablished in 2008 Museums in the London Borough of Southwark
5377202	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dan%20Lewis%20%28newsreader%29	Dan Lewis (newsreader)	Dan Lewis (born December 19, 1949) is a former long-time co-anchor and reporter for KOMO-TV in Seattle, Washington. He came to KOMO-TV in 1987 after working for two years as a co-anchor and reporter at WJLA-TV in Washington, D.C.. Before that, he had worked as a co-anchor and reporter at WISN-TV in Milwaukee, Wisconsin from 1982 until 1985, a co-anchor and reporter at WLKY-TV in Louisville, Kentucky from 1979 until 1982 and as a co-anchor and reporter at KTBS-TV in Shreveport, Louisiana from 1977 to 1978. His career began in radio in Chicago, Illinois after graduating from Southern Illinois University Carbondale. Alongside his co-anchor and reporter Kathi Goertzen, weather forecaster Steve Pool and sports reporter Eric Johnson, they were the third longest-running tenure out of any anchor team in the United States west of the Mississippi River. Until his retirement in 2014, Lewis served as co-anchor for the weekday editions of KOMO 4 News at 6:00 p.m. and 11:00 p.m. with Mary Nam. After multiple surgeries for aggressive recurring meningiomas, Goertzen died on August 13, 2012. On May 21, 2014, Lewis retired from the anchor desk, but he will return from time to time for special projects. In 2002, Lewis and several other KOMO-TV staff members made cameo appearances in the movie Life or Something Like It, which starred Angelina Jolie and Edward Burns. He also briefly appeared in the remake of the 1984 film Red Dawn starring Chris Hemsworth, Josh Peck, Josh Hutcherson, Adrianne Palicki, Isabel Lucas, and Jeffrey Dean Morgan. Personal life Dan has three children: Dan Jr., Kristian, and Tim. Tim is the only child to go into broadcasting school and he was formerly weekend sports anchor for KIMA 29 – KEPR 19 in Yakima/Tri-Cities from 2004 to 2006. Tim was formerly also weekend sports anchor for KREM 2 in Spokane from September 2006 – December 2008, then sports director from January 2009 – May 2012, which Dan's co-worker Eric Johnson held from 1987 to 1989. From May 2012 to June 2016, Tim was the weekend sports anchor/weekday reporter for KOMO-TV, which made him and his dad Dan the second father/son duo on the same TV station, after rival station KIRO-TV former chief meteorologists Harry and Andy Wappler, before Dan retired from the KOMO 4 anchor desk in May 2014. References External links Bio page for Dan Lewis at KOMO-TV's website American television journalists Daytime Emmy Award winners Living people Television anchors from Seattle 1950 births Place of birth missing (living people) American male journalists
5377203	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Gallery%20%28Hong%20Kong%29	City Gallery (Hong Kong)	City Gallery is an exhibition centre about the planning and development of urban areas in Hong Kong. It is located at Edinburgh Place in Central, Victoria City. It is a public relations effort of the Planning Department of the Hong Kong government. History It was previously known as the Hong Kong Planning and Infrastructure Exhibition Gallery () and was set up in 2002 on the ground floor of the City Hall annex building as a temporary exhibition gallery, pending the establishment of a full-fledged permanent exhibition gallery which will occupy the entire City Hall Annex Building. To make way for the refurbishment and expansion works at the City Hall Annex, the temporary gallery was relocated to the ground floor of the Murray Road Multi-storey Car Park in mid-2009 to maintain continuous services to the public. The permanent gallery reopened in the City Hall annex building on 20th August 2012. In 2019, the revamp work has been taken in place on the G/F, the 3rd Floor and the 4th Floor and was completed in May 2021. Description The gallery showcases the planning proposals and infrastructure projects of the Hong Kong Government. It's a building consists of fourth floors with various themes, showing numerous exhibits including Planning Eye, Hong Kong Next Century, Sustainable Hong Kong, Coastlines & Skylines and Hong Kong Now and Then etc. Interactive features and devices give visitors the latest information on planning and infrastructure developments in Hong Kong. Admission is free of charge. Route Ground Floor [Reception] [Planning Eye]- looking at the journey of Hong Kong's planning and infrastructure development in a glimpse [Great World Cities]- comparing basic information of Hong Kong and 10 other world cities through our interactive screen [City Impression]- showcases 10 sustainable projects in different cities [Unique Hong Kong]- video interviews of people about their impression towards our city [Thematic Exhibition Area]- holding various types of exhibitions related to architecture First Floor [Unique Hong Kong]- displaying a collection of local unique features [Living Environment]- our short video will present you numerous elements and principles related to a harmonious living environment [Protecting Our Heritage]- our short video will present you numerous elements and principles related to a harmonious living environment [Hong Kong Next Century]- - visions of future from people around the world Second Floor [Unique Hong Kong]- displaying a collection of local transportation features [Strategic Picture]- introducing the visions and goals of Hong Kong's strategic spatial planning [Strategic Infrastructure]- a hidden network of tunnels, cables and transportation infrastructure [Transportation and Communications]- introduce Hong Kong transportation network [Sustainable Hong Kong]- short videos about sustainable developments Third Floor [Theatre 1]- a double floor hall can be used as a thematic exhibition area [Theatre 2]- a double floor hall can be used as a thematic exhibition area [Planning Timeline]- displaying history of the Hong Kong infrastructure developments through our interactive screen [Coastlines & Skylines]- visitors can witness the transformation of Hong Kong coastline since 1900 Fourth Floor [Visionary Hong Kong 200]- photo exhibition presenting the history of the Hong Kong infrastructure development [Hong Kong Now and Then]- with our motion sensor, visitors can study changes of various places in Hong Kong on our interactive screen [Treasure Hunt]- with our motion sensor, visitors can study changes of various places in Hong Kong on our interactive screen [Inclusive City]- the first Tactile and Audio system to be installed permanently in Hong Kong Transportation The gallery is accessible within walking distance West from Central station of MTR. Patrons can reach the City Gallery by the following public transport services: MTR: Admiralty Station B Exit, Central Station K Exit and Hong Kong Station A Exit Ferry: Star Ferry Bus: New World First Bus (2, 13, 15, 18, 18P, 18X, 720, 720P) Citybus (5X, 37B, 37X, 70, 70P, 260, 780, 788, 962P, 962S, 967, 969A) Kowloon Motor Bus (619X) New World First Bus and Citybus (115, 115P, 619, 619P, 680x, 690P) Minibus: MiniBus (8, 9, 22, 22S, 54) Tram: Hong Kong Tramways See also Architecture of Hong Kong List of museums in Hong Kong References External links Museums in Hong Kong Central, Hong Kong Urban planning museums
5377209	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wax%20palm	Wax palm	Wax palm can refer to several species of palms, including: The genus Ceroxylon, particularly Ceroxylon quindiuense Copernicia alba Copernicia prunifera, the carnauba wax palm Cyrtostachys renda, the red candle-wax palm
5377214	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaroslav%20Netoli%C4%8Dka	Jaroslav Netolička	Jaroslav Netolička (born 3 March 1954, in Opava) is a Czech football goalkeeper. He obtained a total number of fifteen caps for Czechoslovakia national football team, in which he conceded ten goals. Netolička began his playing career with Dukla Prague and TJ Vítkovice. He was a participant in the 1980 Olympic Games, where Czechoslovakia won the gold medal, and in the 1980 UEFA European Championship, where Czechoslovakia won the bronze medal. He also won three times the Czechoslovak First League with Dukla Prague, in 1977, 1979 and 1982. References 1954 births Living people Sportspeople from Opava Czech footballers Czechoslovak footballers Association football goalkeepers Footballers at the 1980 Summer Olympics Olympic footballers of Czechoslovakia Olympic gold medalists for Czechoslovakia UEFA Euro 1980 players Czechoslovakia international footballers MFK Vítkovice players Dukla Prague footballers TSV 1860 Munich players Sabah F.C. (Malaysia) players Olympic medalists in football FC Vysočina Jihlava managers Expatriate footballers in West Germany Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Germany Czechoslovak expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Malaysia Czech expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Malaysia Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics Czech football managers
5377215	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Weekes%20Fowler	William Weekes Fowler	William Weekes Fowler (January 1849 – 3 June 1923 ) was an English clergyman and entomologist mainly interested in beetles. Biography Son of the Reverend Hugh Fowler, Vicar of Barnwood, Gloucestershire, Fowler was educated at Rugby School and at Jesus College, Oxford. He became a Master at Repton School in 1873 and was ordained in 1875. In 1880 he became Headmaster of Lincoln Grammar School. This post was relinquished after twenty years. He was then Rector of Rotherfield Peppard, near Henley, Oxfordshire, for three years. He died Vicar of St Peters, Earley. Fowler's other offices were: Canon of Welton Brinkhall at Lincoln (1887), President of the Headmasters Association (1907), Vice President of the Linnean Society (1906–1907), Member of the Scientific Committee of the Royal Horticultural Society, and Member of the Reading Guardians. Achievements Fowler was first interested in Lepidoptera, then Coleoptera. His expertise in this order led to the publication of the first volume of The Coleoptera of the British Islands (1887–1891, 1913) and to his being appointed Secretary of the Royal Entomological Society, a post which he held for ten years, before, in 1901, he was made President. He was also for 38 years on the editorial panel of the Entomologist's Monthly Magazine. The Coleoptera lists two more genera and fifty more species than appear in H.E. Cox's Handbook, published some thirteen years earlier. Fowler wrote the introductory volume and account of the Cicindelidae and Paussidae of The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma; a contribution to Wytsman's Genera Insectorum on the Languriidae; the sections on Homopterous insects (except the Cicadidae, Fulgoridae, Coccidae and Aleurodidae) for Godman and Salvin's Biologia Centrali-Americana; and two Catalogues of the British fauna, compiled with A. Matthews in 1883 and with David Sharp in 1893. The last is an updated version of Sharp's earlier lists of 1871 and 1883. Fowler wrote more than 150 short notes for various entomological journals, including a number of obituaries of eminent coleopterists. Collection Fowler's collection is in Wollaton Hall, Nottingham. Other specimens collected by him in Lincolnshire, Gloucestershire, Hampshire, Isle of Wight and Solway are to be found in the Hall collection at Oldham Museum. Obituary quotes "In his small and apparently delicate frame Fowler held a great store of vitality and an apparently inexhaustible appetite for hard work, notwithstanding which he was by no means a hard taskmaster to those under him, and by his invariably cheerful and amiable disposition never failed to win popularity and esteem from his pupils and associates of every kind. Although possessed of little critical power or gift for origination, he had a taste for the not usually attractive labour of collating and tabulating the records of others' results and a readiness to undertake toil from which other men turned away which led him sometimes into fields for which his qualifications were not apparent. Entomology has reason for gratitude to him for much useful spadework, and, to all who study British Beetles, his principal achievement, the Coleoptera of the British Islands, is the indispensable starting-point for any fresh advance, and is not likely soon to be superseded" (G.J. Arrow Ent., 722, July 1923, p. 170). "About 1879 Canon Fowler, then a schoolmaster at Repton... developed a purposeful interest in Coleoptera. Realising perhaps that time was not on his side, he established a close contact with the Powers and was thus able to draw extensively on the Doctor's knowledge of our Fauna. For a period Fowler had apartments in the house next door to the Powers as a pied-à-terre for use on his many trips from Lincoln, and this house, No. 83 Ashburnham Road, Bedford, was the wartime HQ of the 5th Beds. Battalion of the Home Guards. 'And who,' asked Miss Power of me on one occasion, "was the young clergyman we always had in the house? My mother said that she thought that he did most of his collecting in my father's cabinets'" (Charles MacKechnie-Jarvis in his 1975 BENHS Presidential Address). References Anonym 1923: [Fowler, W. W.] Ent. News 34(8) External links Internet Archives Digitised The Coleoptera of the British Islands Three volumes English coleopterists 1849 births 1923 deaths Fellows of the Linnean Society of London Alumni of Jesus College, Oxford People educated at Rugby School
5377217	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Mary%27s%20Church%20%28New%20Haven%2C%20Connecticut%29	St. Mary's Church (New Haven, Connecticut)	St. Mary Parish is a Roman Catholic parish in New Haven, Connecticut, part of the Archdiocese of Hartford. The Parish of St. Mary consists of two churches: St. Mary's Church on Hillhouse Avenue, and St. Joseph's Church in the East Rock section of New Haven. The parish now known as St. Mary's was the first Catholic church in New Haven, and is the second oldest Roman Catholic parish in Connecticut. The parish was originally established in 1832 and the present St. Mary church building is located near Yale University. It is part of the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Hartford. In 1882, Michael J. McGivney, the church's assistant pastor, founded the Knights of Columbus at the parish. McGivney, whose remains are interred within the church, was beatified by Pope Francis in 2020. For 135 years, from 1886 until their departure in December 2021, St. Mary's parish had been run by friars of the Dominican Order. In 2021, priests from the archdiocese were assigned as part of major restructuring of parishes in New Haven. In 2018, the parish of St. Mary had previously merged with the nearby parish of St. Joseph as part of an earlier restructuring; both church buildings remain open for regularly schedule worship as part of the consolidated Saint Mary Parish. St. Mary's In the summer of 1827, Irish immigrants working the Enfield Falls Canal at Windsor Locks sent to New York for a priest to tend to one of their number who had fallen grievously ill. Vicar general John Power responded. Learning of the large number of Catholics in the area, he returned again in October. From there he went to New Haven, and having missed the boat for New York, stayed over. It being Sunday, a group of Catholics requested use of a small chapel on the Long Wharf, and being refused next resorted to a barroom. Benches were brought in and blankets hung to obscure the view while Mass was said. On July 14, 1829, R.D. Woodley of Providence arrived from Hartford and said Mass and administered the sacraments in a barn at the corner of Chapel and Chestnut Streets, called at the time "Sliny's Corner". In August of that year, Bernard O'Cavanaugh arrived in Hartford as the first resident priest in Connecticut. He made periodic visits to New Haven, where he celebrated Mass in the house of a Mr. Newman. James Fitton from Hartford was delayed saying midnight Mass in 1831 when his horse gave out four miles from town and he had to walk the rest of the way. In September 1832 James McDermot was assigned as assistant to Fitton at Hartford, but not long after was appointed to New Haven. This also entailed mission stations at Bridgeport, Waterbury, Derby, Norwalk, Danbury, Meriden, Middletown, Goshen, Tariffville, and other places. The congregation at New Haven numbered about 200. Christ Church Their Protestant neighbors were averse to doing anything to encourage "popery" and refused to allow the use of or rent and space that might be used as a gathering place. Nonetheless, a lot was secured through Jannett Driscoll, a Protestant who had married a Catholic. The small frame church was scheduled to be dedicated on the Feast of the Ascension, May 8, 1834, but just prior to the ceremony, the gallery gave way and two people were killed in the collapse. The carpenter had decided that trusses would provide sufficient support rather than the planned columns. Some days later, Benedict Fenwick of Boston blessed the building, naming it "Christ Church". In October of that year, the church was broken into and a crucifix and silver chalice stolen. Protestant members of the community presented the church with a fine silver chalice to replace the one taken. James Smyth became pastor in 1837, and enlarged the church. It burned down on the night of June 11, 1848 and was thought to be arson. The following month Smyth was transferred to Windsor Locks, and succeeded as pastor by Philip O'Reilly. Services were held in a tent for some months, until O'Reilly purchased the Congregationalist building on church Street. The church was dedicated under the name of St. Mary, by William Tyler of Hartford on December 18, 1848. Present church Property on Hillhouse Avenue was secured in July 1868. Architect James Murphy of Providence, Rhode Island was commissioned to draft the plans. The construction of a Catholic church on Hillhouse Avenue was strongly opposed by the Protestant elite who lived in the area. The church was dedicated in 1874. Since 1886, St. Mary's Church has been under the care of the Dominican friars of the Province of St. Joseph, based in New York City. The present priory building next door to the church was erected in 1907. In 1982, in recognition of the 100th Anniversary of the Knights of Columbus, the church went through a complete renovation. Although included in Murphy's original plans, the spire was never completed. The installation of the spire was part of the renovations, courtesy of the Knights of Columbus. From February 2019 to October 2020, the St. Mary church building was temporarily closed for emergency repairs; century-old plaster had come loose and fallen from the ceiling. In addition to the plaster repairs, the John Canning Company performed extensive research into the historic decorative schemes of the church, to inform its new repainting and decoration of the interior. Their efforts included forensic removal of the outer layers of interior paint to uncover original 1800s and early 1900s stenciling details and paint colors. According to the National Catholic Register, "St. Mary’s early decorations inspired all the stencil patterns for the arches, aisle walls and wainscot since the Canning crew was able to find and use those patterns exactly or modify them to work with the overall idea". Further review of archival photographs and newspaper accounts revealed circular tondo portraits of saints in each arched bay along the naive, as well as portraits of three angels above the main altar; the Canning Company recreated these tondos, working with the parish to chose a new series of modern and historic saints to be depicted. The three archangels were also depicted above the altar, reflective of increased devotion to Saint Michael according to pastor. The church reopened in October 2020, in time for the October 31st beatification mass of Michael J. McGivney, who founded the Knights of Columbus at St. Mary's in 1882. While the beatification mass itself was celebrated at the Cathedral of Saint Joseph in Hartford, a concurrent ceremony including a live broadcast of the mass and veneration of a relic of McGivney was held at St. Mary's. St. Joseph's St. Joseph Parish started as a mission of St. Mary's in 1894, meeting in a chapel of convenience on Lawrence Street. St. Joseph's was established as an independent parish in 1900, from territory taken in part from St. Mary's and also the parishes of St. Patrick and St. Francis, both in New Haven. The present St. Joseph church building was constructed between 1904 and 1905, and was dedicated on October 22, 1905. Between 2010 and 2015, the number of families registered at each parish reduced significantly. After briefly sharing a pastor with St. Mary's after 2015, the two parishes were merged by decree of Archbishop Leonard Paul Blair, effective June 29, 2017, with a goal of increasing the combined parish's spiritual and financial health. The 1904 colonial revival-style St. Joseph church building and neighboring 1885 Queen Anne-style rectory building are listed as contributing structures within the Whitney Avenue Historic District. Restructuring of New Haven Parishes In October 2021, Archbishop Leonard Paul Blair announced a major restructuring of parishes in New Haven into a municipal model parish, whereby all 10 churches in the city would be consolidated into single parish corporation administered on the premises of St. Mary Church. As part of the reorganization, the Dominican Order would leave St. Mary's on December 1, 2021, and two diocesan priests would take over as pastor and parochial vicar. The newly appointed pastor of St. Mary Parish would guide the transition process and eventually become pastor of the consolidated city-wide parish. The St. Mary Priory building would house the pastor and associate priests appointed to serve the churches in New Haven. The formal consolidation is tentatively planned to occur in 2022 or 2023; all 10 church buildings in the city would remain open for Sunday mass in the initial phase of the consolidation. In 2018, the parish of St. Mary had previously consolidated with the nearby parish of St. Joseph; both church buildings remain open for regularly schedule worship as part of the consolidated Saint Mary Parish. See also Michael J. McGivney Knights of Columbus Building (New Haven, Connecticut) References External links Official site Archdiocese of Hartford Roman Catholic churches in Connecticut Churches in New Haven, Connecticut Gothic Revival church buildings in Connecticut James Murphy (architect) buildings Knights of Columbus buildings in the United States Roman Catholic churches completed in 1874 Roman Catholic parishes of Archdiocese of Hartford 19th-century Roman Catholic church buildings in the United States
5377233	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aalwar	Aalwar	Aalwar () is a 2007 Indian Tamil-language action drama film directed by Chella Ayyavu and produced by Mohan Natarajan. The film stars Ajith Kumar, Asin and Keerthi Chawla. Lal, Vivek, Shwetha Bandekar and Aditya Srivastava appearing in other pivotal roles. The film's score and soundtrack is by Srikanth Deva while the cinematography was by G. Ramesh. The film released on 12 January 2007 and became a failure at the box office. Plot Aalwar is a Hindu priest in Madurai and he is devoted to his mother and sister. But Punniyamoorthy and his brothers, the heir of the Temple were Aalwar works as priest, kill Aalwar's sister and mother due to an old dispute with Aalwar. Aalwar, with revenge ringing in his mind, ends up as a killer, even while working as a ward boy in a hospital. He rechristens himself as Mortuary Shiva and is out to make a statement against the venal forces. He sees himself as some kind of avatar. In fact, he bumps off the baddies under the getup of Lord Rama and Lord Krishna. In the climax, Shiva turns up as Lord Narasimha and bumps off the last villain by placing him on his thighs and ripping apart his bowels and chest with his sharp claws. He successfully escapes from the police of Chennai and continues his process of "Dharma". Cast Ajith Kumar as Aalwar aka Shiva Asin as Priya Keerthi Chawla as Madhu Vivek as Ponds Lal as Punniyamoorthy Aditya Srivastava as Inspector (Madhu's Brother) Vincent Asokan as Punniyamoorthy's brother Geetha as Shiva's mother Shwetha Bandekar as Shiva's sister Manorama as Priya's grandmother Sathyan as Ponds's friend Aryan as Punniyamoorthy's brother T. P. Gajendran as Police constable Pandu as Purohit Sampath Ram as Police Mayilsamy as Costumed Hanuman Cool Suresh as Accused in photo Vijay Sethupathi as Uncredited photo role Production Ajith teamed up with a debutant Chella for a film to be produced by Mohan Natarajan. Chella had previously worked as an associate to S. J. Suryah. The film held its photo session on 20 July 2006 with Asin being selected once again while Ramesh G was chosen as cinematographer. The film began at the Ramoji Rao Studios in Hyderabad in August 2006, with ajith putting on weight for the film. A couple of songs were filmed in Switzerland as the film geared up for a Pongal release. Shalini, Ajith's wife, was the costume designer for Ajith in the film. Soundtrack Release The film opened to highly negative reviews from critics, with Sify.com praising Ajith and Asin's performances but criticized the plot of the movie by labelling it as a "built on a predictable premise" . Another critic described the film as "below average" citing that "the biggest drawback is that the story does not have a strong plot or surprising twists and that "there is also a palpable lack of chemistry between the characters and this gives the picture a poorly contrived feel." Rediff.com's review concluded that "Chella's directorial debut lacks originality and is a hotch potch of celebrated scripts of the past. The film was a disaster at the box office and was considered as the one of the worst movies in Ajith Kumar's career." The movie opened up against Vijay's Pokkiri, the latter turning out to be a huge success,In both the movies Asin was the lead. References External links 2007 films 2007 action films 2007 drama films Indian films 2000s Tamil-language films 2000s masala films Indian films about revenge Films scored by Srikanth Deva 2007 directorial debut films
5377239	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingswood%20College%20%28South%20Africa%29	Kingswood College (South Africa)	Kingswood College is a private, Methodist co-educational school in Makhanda (Grahamstown), Eastern Cape, South Africa attended by boarding and day scholars, and a member of the Independent Schools Association of South Africa. The school leavers write the matriculation examinations set by the Independent Examinations Board (IEB). History Kingswood College is one of the oldest Methodist boarding schools in the country. It derives its name and ideals from Kingswood School, the 18th century college established by John Wesley near Bristol, England, in 1748. The Reverend William Shaw was a Methodist minister who came to Eastern Cape as a member of Sephton's party of 1820 Settlers, he founded the Salem Academy in Salem in the Albany district in the 1830s. The Academy was subsequently moved to Grahamstown where it was renamed the Shaw College, and later the Wesleyan Collegiate School for Boys. In 1896 the Wesleyan Collegiate School for Boys was located on the site that is the present home of Kingswood College. Kingswood College was founded by Daniel Knight in 1894. Sport Kingswood College has been performing very well on sports during the year. The sports that are offered in the school are: Archery Athletics Basketball Chess Cricket Cross country Cycling Equestrian Golf Hockey Netball Rowing Rugby Squash Swimming Table tennis Tennis Water polo Notable alumni Neil Aggett, medical doctor and political activist who died in police custody Chris Bennett (admiral) Tiny Francis, rugby player Geoffrey de Jager, businessman and philanthropist Fabian Juries, rugby player Jeremy Mansfield, radio and TV personality Sir Allan Mossop, Chief Judge of the British Supreme Court for China Bennie Osler, rugby player Meyrick Pringle, cricketer Brett Wilkinson, rugby player David Denton, rugby player Grant Hattingh, rugby player Rosco Speckman, rugby player and Olympic Bronze Medalist Brett Schultz, cricketer Jack Slater, rugby Springbok Denys Hobson, cricketer David Divine, novelist, Distinguished Service Medal (WW2), CBE (Commander of the Order of the British Empire) Harvey Tyson, author and former editor of THE STAR newspaper Graham Beck, internationally acclaimed business magnate, wine maker, stud farmer and philanthropist Percy Scholes Uyinene Mrwetyana, Key figure for a movement by South African women against gender based violence. Notes and references External links Independent Schools Association of South Africa Boarding schools in South Africa Methodist schools in South Africa Private schools in the Eastern Cape Educational institutions established in 1894 Buildings and structures in Makhanda, Eastern Cape 1894 establishments in the Cape Colony
5377248	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%9Eerif%20Muhiddin%20Targan	Şerif Muhiddin Targan	Şerif Muhiddin Targan (January 21, 1892 – September 13, 1967), also known as Sherif Muhiddin Haydar or Serif Muhiddin Haydar, was a Turkish Arab classical musician and oud player. His instrumental compositions for the oud departed from the traditional style to explore the limits of this instrument, technically challenging the performer. He was born in Istanbul, Turkey in 1892, his father was Serif Ali Haydar Pasha, and his mother was Sabiha Hanim, his father's first wife. He began to learn the oud at the age of six, and subsequently took private music lessons in Istanbul – he made his first concert appearance when he was only 13 years old. In 1924 Targan moved to New York, where his music was also well received. In 1932 he returned to Istanbul, where he joined the Istanbul City Orchestra. At the invitation of the Iraqi government, he became the dean of the Baghdad Conservatory in 1936–37, which produced such famous oud players as the Assyrian brothers Munir Bashir and Jamil Bashir, as well as Salman Shukur and Ghanim Haddad. He married the famous Turkish singer Safiye Ayla in 1950 and died in 1967 in Istanbul. He was good friends with John G. Bennett who refers to him as "Prens Muhittin Haydari" in his autobiography. See also Hanna Petros External links http://www.turkmusiki.com/serif%20muhiddin%20targan.htm http://www.oud.gr/serif.htm 1892 births 1967 deaths Turkish classical musicians Musicians from Istanbul Turkish oud players Composers of Ottoman classical music Composers of Turkish makam music 20th-century classical musicians Istanbul University Faculty of Law alumni
3986786	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2003%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles	2003 Australian Open – Women's singles	Serena Williams defeated her sister Venus Williams in the final, 7–6(7–4), 3–6, 6–4 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2003 Australian Open. It was her fourth consecutive major singles triumph, completing the "Serena Slam", both a non-calendar year Grand Slam and the career Grand Slam. It was also Venus' record fourth consecutive runner-up finish at a major, losing every final to Serena. Serena saved two match points and was 1–5 down in the third set against Kim Clijsters in the semifinals. This marked the first Australian Open final without Martina Hingis since 1996. Jennifer Capriati was the two-time defending champion, but lost to Marlene Weingärtner in the first round. Capriati's loss marked the first time a defending Australian Open champion lost in the first round, and the first time at any major that the defending champion lost in the first round since Steffi Graf at the 1994 Wimbledon Championships. With Lindsay Davenport's defeat in the fourth round, a first-time Australian Open champion was guaranteed. This was the first major appearance of two future world No. 1's: five-time major champion Maria Sharapova and Jelena Janković, who lost to Klára Koukalová and Amanda Coetzer in the first and second rounds respectively. It was also the major main draw debut of future US Open champion Flavia Pennetta, who lost to Silvia Farina Elia in the first round. Seeds Qualifying Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Bottom half Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Other entry information Wild cards Protected ranking Qualifiers Withdrawals External links 2003 Australian Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's singles Australian Open (tennis) by year – Women's singles 2003 in Australian women's sport
5377252	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petr%20Kouba	Petr Kouba	Petr Kouba (born 28 January 1969 in Prague) is a Czech former professional football goalkeeper and current assistant coach for the Czech under-20 and under-21 national teams. He played for Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic, for both he played total 40 matches between 1991 and 1998. Kouba, whose father Pavel Kouba was also a successful goalkeeper, began his playing career with Bohemians and Sparta Prague, where he scored a goal from a penalty kick in a national league match against SK České Budějovice in the 1994–95 season. He was a participant in the UEFA Euro 1996, where the Czech Republic was runner-up. References External links 1969 births Living people Czech footballers Footballers from Prague Czech Republic international footballers Czechoslovak footballers Czechoslovakia international footballers Dual internationalists (football) Association football goalkeepers Czech First League players La Liga players Deportivo de La Coruña players UEFA Euro 1996 players Bohemians 1905 players AC Sparta Prague players FK Viktoria Žižkov players FK Jablonec players 1. FC Kaiserslautern players Czech expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Germany Expatriate footballers in Spain Czech expatriate sportspeople in Germany Czech expatriate sportspeople in Spain
3986813	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jens%20Schou%20Fabricius	Jens Schou Fabricius	Jens Schou Fabricius (3 March 1758 – 6 April 1841) was the Norwegian appointed Minister of the Navy 1817–1818. He served as a representative for Søe-Deffensionen at the Norwegian Constitutional Assembly at Eidsvoll in 1814. During his naval career he served first the Danish Crown until the separation in 1814 of Norway from Denmark, and thereafter the Norwegian-Swedish Crown. Fabricius retired from the navy as a vice admiral. Background Jens Schou Fabricius was born in Larvik, Norway. He was the son of District Judge Laurs Sørensen Fabricius (1695-1761). Jens Schou Fabriciu was a student at the Royal Danish Naval Academy in Copenhagen from the age of eleven. Danish service He became a junior lieutenant on 20 December 1779. He was promoted to senior lieutenant on 25 January 1788. to lieutenant-commander on 13 November 1789 and to captain on 31 May 1799. 1781–1787 He was Ekvipagemester (Head of Naval Stores) for the Danish company trading from the Baltic to Guinea in West Africa from 1781 to 1787, during which time he journeyed to the Mediterranean Sea with the warship Oldenborg and to China as first mate on the Charlotte Amalie. 1788–1799 He saw service in the frigate Store Belt which, in 1788, was a cadet training ship, as second-in-command of the frigate Alsen when she was acting as guard-ship in the Øresund, and as captain of the smaller Speideren in the home squadron. In October 1788 he became deputy ekvipagemester at Fredriksvern in Vestfold and in the following years was often away on tours of duties with various ships, as captain. In 1795 Fabricius sailed to the Danish West Indies, but he could not tolerate the climate and was sent home by his senior officer. In 1797 he sailed as captain of the brig Lougen which was part of a squadron destined for the Mediterranean Sea. On the outward journey his ship broached in a storm in the North Sea but righted herself with four feet of water in the hold and in the cabins. Fabricius and Lougen returned to Copenhagen on 6 August 1799. 1800–1809 After a period as second-in-command of the warship Danmark in the home squadron, and some sick leave, Fabricius was appointed in October 1801 as commander of the port and fortress at Fredriksvern, including the Norwegian flotilla of small gunboats. With the outbreak of hostilities between Denmark and Britain, he became a member of the commission responsible for planning Norway’s maritime defences. 1810–1814 In 1810 his duties at Fredriksvern were reduced whilst he still retained command together with the directorships of the church, school, pilotage and quarantine departments. In 1812 Fabricius sought a transfer to another position where he could better do his best, but this achieved little. On 1 March 1814 he resigned from his Danish war duties. Norwegian service 1814–1824 On 13 April 1814 Fabricius’ name was deleted from the list of Danish naval officers as he had sworn loyalty to the Norwegian government without having obtained a release from Denmark. On 19 February 1816, Danish Captain Carl Adolph Rothe, Copenhagen's harbour master, arrived in Christiana (now Oslo) to negotiate with Norway’s Thomas Fasting, Norwegian temporary Councillor of State, the return of the seven warbrigs that had ended up in Norwegian waters after the Treaty of Kiel. The negotiations were taken up by his Norwegian counterpart the (now) rear admiral, Admiral Jens Schou Fabricius, who did not dispute the Danish king's right to five of the brigs, but proposed consideration of the feeling in Norway whether the affair could be settled by Norway paying suitable compensation for keeping the ships. On 22 June agreement was reached between Fabricius and Rothe. The brigs Allart and Seagull which had been captured in Norwegian waters were awarded to the Norwegian navy. The other five brigs that were already in Norway would stay there on payment of 95,000 speciedlr (a little over $2 million US dollars bullion value in 2012). Thomas Fasting, then Minister for Maritime Affairs (marinesaker), was succeeded by Jens Fabricius for the period 1817-1818, then Fasting took over again. In 1818, Fabricius became adjutant general to Charles XIV John, King of Sweden and Norway and was promoted to vice admiral on 23 August 1821. He was elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1824 as a representative for Bratsberg (now Telemark). Later He retired, at the age of 78, in 1836 and died in Porsgrunn on 6 April 1841. Notes Primary Source Translated from the Norwegian (Norsk bokmål) Wikipedia article Jens Fabricius References Other sources Topsøe-Jensen, T. A. and Emil Marquard (1935) Officerer i den dansk-norske Søetat 1660-1814 og den danske Søetat 1814-1932 (Copenhagen: H. Hagerups Boghandel) Holme Jørn (2014) De kom fra alle kanter - Eidsvollsmennene og deres hus (Oslo: Cappelen Damm) External links Representantene på Eidsvoll 1814 (Cappelen Damm AS) Men of Eidsvoll (eidsvollsmenn) 1758 births 1841 deaths People from Larvik Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy personnel Norwegian military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars Government ministers of Norway Presidents of the Storting Fathers of the Constitution of Norway Royal Norwegian Navy admirals
3986831	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Parker	Kim Parker	Kim Parker may refer to: Kim Parker (character), a fictional character played by Countess Vaughn in Moesha and The Parkers Kim Parker (actress) (1932–2010), Austrian-born actress in British films, best known for Fiend Without a Face
3986844	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Magnus%20Falsen	Christian Magnus Falsen	Christian Magnus Falsen (14 September 1782 – 13 January 1830) was a Norwegian constitutional father, statesman, jurist, and historian. He was an important member of the Norwegian Constituent Assembly and was one of the writers of the Constitution of Norway. Biography Christian Magnus Falsen was born in Christiania, now Oslo, Norway. He was the son of Enevold de Falsen (1755–1808), a dramatist and author of a war song Til vaaben. In 1802, he graduated with a degree in law at the University of Copenhagen. In 1807, Christian Magnus Falsen was appointed a barrister. In 1808 he became circuit judge at Follo and lived in Ås, Akershus Akershus, Norway. After Denmark ceded Norway to Sweden in 1814 he played an important part in politics. Falsen led the Independent Party (Selvstendighetspartiet) that wanted complete independence and was prepared to resist Sweden militarily. He upheld King Christian Frederick and, after the separation of Norway from Denmark, assisted in drafting a constitution for Norway. During the drafting of the Norwegian constitution, Falsen was one of the principle authors of the Jew clause, which prohibited Jews from entering Norway., This document was modeled upon that adopted by France in 1791 and which was approved on 17 May 1814 by the Norwegian Constituent Assembly (Riksforsamlingenat) at Eidsvoll. He was also strongly inspired by Thomas Jefferson and the Constitution of the United States of America. He is often called Father of the Norwegian Constitution — Grunnlovens far. Falsen held a seat in the Storting and generally favored conservative political positions. In 1822 he was appointed Attorney General of the Kingdom, a post which he held for three years. In 1825 he became bailiff for Bergen, and in 1827 president of the Supreme Court. In 1828 he suffered from a stroke and did not return to the office. Christian Magnus Falsen is buried at Gamlebyen Churchyard. Next to his gravestone is the gravestone of his second wife. In 1804 he married Anna Birgitte Munch (1787-1810), with whom he had the son Enevold Munch Falsen (1810–80). In 1811, after her death, he married Elisabeth Severine Böckmann (1782-1848). She was the widow of Brede Stoltenberg, a brother of the tradesman Gregers Stoltenberg. With her he had the children Henrik Anton Falsen (1813–66) and Elisabeth Christine Falsen (1820–76). Note References Other sources Daa, Ludvig Kristensen (1860) Magnus Falsen, et Bidrag til Norges Konstitutions Historie (Christiana) Vullum, Erik (1881) Kristian Magnus Falsen, Grundlovens Fader (Christiana) Indrebø, Gustav (1919) Det norske generalprokurørembættet: Chr. M. Falsen 1822-1825 (Christiana) Østvedt, Einar (1945) Christian Magnus Falsen: linjen i hans politikk. (Oslo: H. Aschehoug and co) Related Reading Barton, H. Arnold (2002) Sweden and Visions of Norway: Politics and Culture 1814-1905 (Southern Illinois University Press) 19th-century Norwegian historians 1782 births 1830 deaths Fathers of the Constitution of Norway Chief Justices of Norway Presidents of the Storting Members of the Storting 19th-century Norwegian judges University of Copenhagen alumni People from Ås, Akershus
5377253	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20district%20of%20Altona	Electoral district of Altona	The electoral district of Altona is one of the electoral districts of Victoria, Australia, for the Victorian Legislative Assembly. It covers an area of in western Melbourne, and includes the suburbs of Altona, Altona Meadows, Laverton, Point Cook, Seabrook and Seaholme. It also includes the RAAF Williams airbase and the Point Cook Coastal Park. It lies within the Western Metropolitan Region of the upper house, the Legislative Council. History The Altona seat was created in an electoral redistribution for the 1992 election, and has been a safe seat for the Labor Party throughout its history. It was won in 1992 by Carole Marple, who was associated with the party's Pledge Left faction, a hard-left splinter from the Socialist Left. In 1993, a broad "peace deal" was struck between the Socialist Left and the right-wing Labor Unity faction, which saw both factions agree to deliver the Altona preselection for the 1996 election to Socialist Left candidate Lynne Kosky instead of Marple. As a result, Kosky defeated Marple for Labor preselection, and succeeded her as member for Altona at the 1996 election, while Marple instead contested and lost the marginal Legislative Council seat of Geelong Province. Kosky served as a minister throughout the 1999–2010 Labor government under Steve Bracks and John Brumby, holding the positions of Minister for Post Compulsory Education, Training and Employment (1999–2002), Minister for Finance (2000–2002), Minister for Education and Training (2002–2006), Minister for Public Transport (2006–2010) and Minister for the Arts (2006–2010). Kosky resigned mid-term on 18 January 2010, citing significant health problems in her family. This necessitated a February by-election, which was won by former Labor state president Jill Hennessy. Hennessy was re-elected at the 2010 election and 2014 election. Following the Labor victory at the 2014 election, she was appointed Minister for Health and Minister for Ambulance Services in the Andrews Ministry. The seat was abolished ahead of the 2022 election and replaced by the electoral district of Point Cook. Members for Altona Election results References External links Electorate profile: Altona District, Victorian Electoral Commission 1992 establishments in Australia Electoral districts of Victoria (Australia)
3986852	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logical%20truth	Logical truth	Logical truth is one of the most fundamental concepts in logic. Broadly speaking, a logical truth is a statement which is true regardless of the truth or falsity of its constituent propositions. In other words, a logical truth is a statement which is not only true, but one which is true under all interpretations of its logical components (other than its logical constants). Thus, logical truths such as "if p, then p" can be considered tautologies. Logical truths are thought to be the simplest case of statements which are analytically true (or in other words, true by definition). All of philosophical logic can be thought of as providing accounts of the nature of logical truth, as well as logical consequence. Logical truths are generally considered to be necessarily true. This is to say that they are such that no situation could arise in which they could fail to be true. The view that logical statements are necessarily true is sometimes treated as equivalent to saying that logical truths are true in all possible worlds. However, the question of whether any statements are necessarily true remains the subject of continued debate. Treating logical truths, analytic truths, and necessary truths as equivalent, logical truths can be contrasted with facts (which can also be called contingent claims or synthetic claims). Contingent truths are true in this world, but could have turned out otherwise (in other words, they are false in at least one possible world). Logically true propositions such as "If p and q, then p" and "All married people are married" are logical truths because they are true due to their internal structure and not because of any facts of the world (whereas "All married people are happy", even if it were true, could not be true solely in virtue of its logical structure). Rationalist philosophers have suggested that the existence of logical truths cannot be explained by empiricism, because they hold that it is impossible to account for our knowledge of logical truths on empiricist grounds. Empiricists commonly respond to this objection by arguing that logical truths (which they usually deem to be mere tautologies), are analytic and thus do not purport to describe the world. The latter view was notably defended by the logical positivists in the early 20th century. Logical truths and analytic truths Logical truths, being analytic statements, do not contain any information about any matters of fact. Other than logical truths, there is also a second class of analytic statements, typified by "no bachelor is married". The characteristic of such a statement is that it can be turned into a logical truth by substituting synonyms for synonyms salva veritate. "No bachelor is married" can be turned into "no unmarried man is married" by substituting "unmarried man" for its synonym "bachelor". In his essay Two Dogmas of Empiricism, the philosopher W. V. O. Quine called into question the distinction between analytic and synthetic statements. It was this second class of analytic statements that caused him to note that the concept of analyticity itself stands in need of clarification, because it seems to depend on the concept of synonymy, which stands in need of clarification. In his conclusion, Quine rejects that logical truths are necessary truths. Instead he posits that the truth-value of any statement can be changed, including logical truths, given a re-evaluation of the truth-values of every other statement in one's complete theory. Truth values and tautologies Considering different interpretations of the same statement leads to the notion of truth value. The simplest approach to truth values means that the statement may be "true" in one case, but "false" in another. In one sense of the term tautology, it is any type of formula or proposition which turns out to be true under any possible interpretation of its terms (may also be called a valuation or assignment depending upon the context). This is synonymous to logical truth. However, the term tautology is also commonly used to refer to what could more specifically be called truth-functional tautologies. Whereas a tautology or logical truth is true solely because of the logical terms it contains in general (e.g. "every", "some", and "is"), a truth-functional tautology is true because of the logical terms it contains which are logical connectives (e.g. "or", "and", and "nor"). Not all logical truths are tautologies of such a kind. Logical truth and logical constants Logical constants, including logical connectives and quantifiers, can all be reduced conceptually to logical truth. For instance, two statements or more are logically incompatible if, and only if their conjunction is logically false. One statement logically implies another when it is logically incompatible with the negation of the other. A statement is logically true if, and only if its opposite is logically false. The opposite statements must contradict one another. In this way all logical connectives can be expressed in terms of preserving logical truth. The logical form of a sentence is determined by its semantic or syntactic structure and by the placement of logical constants. Logical constants determine whether a statement is a logical truth when they are combined with a language that limits its meaning. Therefore, until it is determined how to make a distinction between all logical constants regardless of their language, it is impossible to know the complete truth of a statement or argument. Logical truth and rules of inference The concept of logical truth is closely connected to the concept of a rule of inference. Logical truth and logical positivism Logical positivism was a movement in the early 20th century that tried to reduce the reasoning processes of science to pure logic. Among other things, the logical positivists claimed that any proposition that is not empirically verifiable is neither true nor false, but nonsense. This movement faded out due to various problems with their approach among which was a growing understanding that science does not work in the way that the positivists described. Another problem was that one of the favorite slogans of the movement: "any proposition that is not empirically verifiable is nonsense" was itself not empirically verifiable, and therefore, by its own terms, nonsense. Non-classical logics Non-classical logic is the name given to formal systems which differ in a significant way from standard logical systems such as propositional and predicate logic. There are several ways in which this is done, including by way of extensions, deviations, and variations. The aim of these departures is to make it possible to construct different models of logical consequence and logical truth. See also Contradiction False (logic) Logical truth table, a mathematical table used in logic Satisfiability Tautology (logic) (for symbolism of logical truth) Theorem Validity References External links Philosophical logic Necessity Concepts in logic Truth Truth Philosophy of logic ca:Valor vertader
3986866	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhetoric%20of%20science	Rhetoric of science	Rhetoric of science is a body of scholarly literature exploring the notion that the practice of science is a rhetorical activity. It emerged following a number of similarly-oriented disciplines during the late 20th century, including the disciplines of sociology of scientific knowledge, history of science, and philosophy of science, but it is practiced most fully by rhetoricians in departments of English, speech, and communication. Overview Rhetoric is best known as a discipline that studies the means and ends (i.e., methods and goals) of persuasion. Science, meanwhile, is typically seen as the discovery and recording of knowledge about the natural world. A key contention of rhetoric of science is that the practice of science itself is, to varying degrees, persuasive. The study of science from the viewpoint of rhetoric variously examines modes of inquiry, logic, argumentation, the ethos of scientific practitioners, the structures of scientific publications, and the character of scientific discourse and debates. For instance, scientists must convince their community of scientists that their research is based on sound scientific method. From a rhetorical point of view, scientific method involves problem-solution topoi (the materials of discourse) that demonstrate observational and experimental competence (arrangement or order of discourse or method), and as a means of persuasion, offer explanatory and predictive power. Experimental competence is itself a persuasive topos. Rhetoric of science is a practice of suasion that is an outgrowth of some of the canons of rhetoric. History Since its flourishing in the 1970s, rhetoric of science has contributed to a shift in the image of science, one centered around the claim that there is no single scientific method, but rather a plurality of methods, approaches, or styles. A conservative approach to rhetoric of science involves treating texts as communications designed to persuade members of scientific communities, and concerns scientific claims that are already considered true as a result of the scientific process rather than the rhetorical process. A more radical approach, on the other hand, would treat these same texts as if the science held within them is also an object of rhetorical scrutiny. Notable advocates of the conservative approach, rhetoricians who view science texts as vehicles of communication, are Charles Bazerman, John Angus Campbell, Greg Myers, Jean Dietz Moss, Lawrence J. Prelli, Carolyn Miller and Jeanne Fahnestock. Bazerman's close readings of works by Newton and Compton, as well as his analysis of the reading habits of physicists and others, led to a greater understanding of the successes and failures of communication. For an explanation of the more radical approach to rhetoric of science, see the section titled "Critique of Rhetoric of Science". The history of the rhetoric of science, as a field involving rhetoricians, effectively begins with Thomas Kuhn's seminal work, The Structure of Scientific Revolutions (1962). Kuhn first examines "normal" science, that is, practices which he saw as routine, patterned and accessible with a specific method of problem-solving. Normal science advances by building on past knowledge, through the accretion of further discoveries in a knowledge base. Kuhn then contrasts normal science with "revolutionary" science (ground-breaking science marked by a paradigm-shift in thought). When Kuhn began to teach Harvard undergraduates historical texts such as Aristotle's writings on motion, he looked to case studies, and sought first to understand Aristotle in his own time, and then to locate his problems and solutions within a wider context of contemporary thought and actions. That is to say, Kuhn sought first to understand the traditions and established practices of science. In this instance, Michael Polanyi's influence on Kuhn becomes apparent; that is, his acknowledgement of the importance of inherited practices and rejection of absolute objectivity. Observing the changes in scientific thought and practices, Kuhn concluded that revolutionary changes happen through the defining notion of rhetoric: persuasion. The critical work of Herbert W. Simons – "Are Scientists Rhetors in Disguise?" in Rhetoric in Transition (1980) – and subsequent works show that Kuhn's Structure is fully rhetorical. The work of Thomas Kuhn was extended by Richard Rorty (1979, 1989), and this work was to prove fruitful in defining the means and ends of rhetoric in scientific discourse (Jasinski "Intro" xvi). Rorty, who coined the phrase "rhetorical turn", was also interested in assessing periods of scientific stability and instability. Another component of the shift in science that took place in the past centres on the claim that there is no single scientific method, but rather a plurality of methods, approaches or styles. Paul Feyerabend in Against Method (1975) contends that science has found no "method that turns ideologically contaminated ideas into true and useful theories", in other words; no special method exists that can guarantee the success of science (302). As evidenced in the early theory papers after Kuhn's seminal work, the idea that rhetoric is crucial to science came to the fore. Quarterly journals in speech and rhetoric saw a flourishing of discussion on topics such as inquiry, logic, argument fields, ethos of scientific practitioners, argumentation, scientific text, and the character of scientific discourse and debates. Philip Wander (1976) observed, for instance, the phenomenal penetration of science (public science) in modern life. He labelled the obligation of rhetoricians to investigate science's discourse "The Rhetoric of Science" (Harris "Knowing" 164). As rhetoric of science began to flourish, discussion arose in a number of areas, including: Epistemic rhetoric and the discourses on the nature of semantics, knowledge, and truth: One example is the Robert L. Scott's work on viewing rhetoric as epistemic (1967). By the 1990s, epistemic rhetoric was a point of contention in the writing of Dilip Gaonkar (see "Critique" below). The early 1970s Speech Communication Conference ("Wingspread conference") gave recognition to the fact that rhetoric, in its globalization (multidisciplinary nature), has become a universal hermeneutic (Gross Rhetorical 2-5). Much scholastic output evolved around the theory of interpretation (hermeneutics), the knowledge-making and truth-seeking (epistemic) potential of rhetoric of science. Argument Fields (part of the Speech Communication Association and American forensic Association program): In this domain the work of Toulmin on argument appeals is exemplary. In addition, Michael Mulkay, Barry Barnes and David Bloor, as pioneers of the "Sociology of Scientific Knowledge" (SSK) movement, fostered a growing sociobiology debate. Others as Greg Myers expressed the benefits of a collaboration between rhetoricians and sociologists. Contributors to discussion pertaining to audience – the way arguments change as they move from the scientific community to the public – include John Lyne and Henry Howe. Scientific Giants: The important works that investigate the suasive powers of exemplars in science include those of Alan G. Gross (Newton, Descartes, argument fields in optics), John Angus Campbell (Darwin), and Michael Halloran (Watson and Crick). J. C. Maxwell introduced differentiable vector fields E and B to express Michael Faraday's findings about an electric field E and a magnetic field B. Thomas K. Simpson has described his rhetorical methods, first with a guided study, then a literary appreciation of A Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism (1873), and with a book attending to the mathematical rhetoric. Other major themes in rhetoric of science include the investigation of the accomplishments and suasive abilities of individuals (ethos) who have left a mark in their respective sciences as well as an age old concern of rhetoric of science – public science policy. Science policy involves deliberative issues, and the first rhetorical study of science policy was made in 1953 by Richard M. Weaver. Among others, Helen Longino's work on public policy implications of low-level radiation continues this tradition. The reconstitution of rhetorical theory around the lines of invention (inventio), argumentation and stylistic adaptation is going on today (Simons 6). The key question today is whether training in rhetoric can in fact help scholars and investigators make intelligent choices between rival theories, methods or data collection, and incommensurate values (Simons 14). Developments and trends Epistemic rhetoric Seeing science from the point of texts exhibiting epistemology based on prediction and control offers new comprehensive ways to see the function of rhetoric of science (Gross "The Origin" 91-92). Epistemic rhetoric of science, in a broader context, confronts issues pertaining to truth, relativism, and knowledge. Rhetoric of science, as a branch of inquiry, does not look at scientific (natural science) texts as a transparent means of conveying knowledge, but rather it looks at these texts as exhibiting persuasive structures. Although the natural sciences and humanities differ in a fundamental way, the enterprise of science can be viewed hermeneutically as a stream of texts which exhibit an epistemology based on understanding (Gross "On the Shoulders 21). Its task then is the rhetorical reconstruction of the means by which scientists convince themselves and others that their knowledge claims and assertions are an integral part of privileged activity of the community of thinkers with which they are allied (Gross "The Origin" 91). In an article titled "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic" (1967), Robert L. Scott offers "that truth can arise only from cooperative critical inquiry" (Harris "Knowing" 164). Scott's probe of the issues of belief, knowledge and argumentation substantiates that rhetoric is epistemic. This train of thought goes back to Gorgias who noted that truth is a product of discourse, not a substance added to it (Harris "Knowing" 164). Scientific discourse is built on accountability of empirical fact which is presented to a scientific community. Each form of communication is a type of genre that fosters human interaction and relations. An example is the emerging form of the experimental report (Bazerman "Reporting" 171-176). The suite of genres to which the rhetoric of science comes to bear on health care and scientific communities is legion. Aristotle could never accept the unavailability of certain knowledge, although most now believe the contrary (Gross "On Shoulders" 20). That is to say, Aristotle would have rejected the central concern of rhetoric of science: knowledge. Knowing itself generates the explanation of knowing, and this is the domain of the theory of knowledge. The knowledge of knowledge compels an attitude of vigilance against the temptation of certainty (Maturana 239-245). The claim of the epistemic problematic of rhetoric of science concerns: truth - property of statements with respect to other statements knowledge - configuration of mutually supporting true statements arguments - are situational (first principle of rhetoric) (Harris "Knowing" 180-181). Argument fields By the 1980s, Stephen Toulmin's work on argument fields published in his book titled The Uses of Argument (1958) came to prominence through rhetorical societies such as the Speech Communication Association which adopted a sociological view of science. Toulmin's main contribution is his notion of argument fields that saw a reinvention of the rhetorical concept topoi (topics). Toulmin discusses at length the pattern of an argument – data and warrants to support a claim – and how they tend to vary across argument fields (Toulmin 1417-1422). He delineated two concepts of argumentation, one which relied on universal (field-invariant) appeals and strategies, and one which was field dependent, particular to disciplines, movements, and the like. For Toulmin, audience is important because one speaks to a particular audience at a particular point in time, and thus an argument must be relevant to that audience. In this instance, Toulmin echoes Feyerabend, who in his preoccupation with suasive processes, makes clear the adaptive nature of persuasion. Toulmin's ideas pertaining to argument were a radical import to argumentation theory because, in part, he contributes a model, and because he contributes greatly to rhetoric and its subfield, rhetoric of science, by providing a model of analysis (data, warrants) to show that what is argued on a subject is in effect a structured arrangement of values that are purposive and lead to a certain line of thought. Toulmin showed in Human Understanding that the arguments that would support claims as different as the Copernican revolution and the Ptolemaic revolution would not require mediation. On the strength of argument, men of the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries converted to Copernican astronomy (Gross "The Rhetoric" 214). Incommensurability The rhetorical challenge today is to find discourse that crosses disciplines without sacrificing the specifics of each discipline. The aim is to render description of these disciplines intact – that is to say, the goal of finding language that would make various scientific fields "commensurable" (Baake 29). In contrast, incommensurability is a situation where two scientific programs are fundamentally at odds. Two important voices who applied incommensurability to historical and philosophical notions of science in the 1960s are Thomas Kuhn and Paul Feyerabend. Various strands grew out of this idea that bear on issues of communication and invention. These strands are explicated in Randy Allen Harris's four-part taxonomy that in turn foregrounds his viewpoint that "incommensurability is best understood not as a relation between systems, but as a matter of rhetorical invention and hermeneutics" (Harris "Incommensurability" 1). Incommensurability of theory at times of radical theory change is at the heart of Thomas Samuel Kuhn's theory of paradigms (Bazerman 1). Kuhn's Structure of Scientific Revolutions offers a vision of scientific change that involves persuasion, and thus he brought rhetoric to the heart of scientific studies. Kuhn's Structure provides important accounts related to the concept representation, and the key conceptual changes that occur during a scientific revolution. Kuhn sought to determine ways of representing concepts and taxonomies by frames. Kuhn's work attempts to show that incommensurable paradigms can be rationally compared by revealing the compatibility of attribute lists of say a species outlined in a pre-Darwinian and a post-Darwinian milieu accounted for in two incommensurable taxonomies, and that this compatibility is the platform for rational comparison between rival taxonomies. With a view to comparing normal science to revolutionary science, Kuhn illustrates his theory of paradigms and theory of concepts within the history of electricity, chemistry and other disciplines. He gives attention to the revolutionary changes that came about as a result of the work of Copernicus, Isaac Newton, Albert Einstein, Wilhelm Röntgen, and Lavoisier. Some scholars, like Thomas C. Walker, feel that Kuhn's theory on paradigms leads to knowledge that is "gained in small, incremental, and almost unremarkable installments." Walker states that while "normal science is narrow, rigid, esoteric, uncritical, and conservative, Kuhn considers it to be the most efficient way to ensure a cumulation of knowledge." According to Walker, while "ignorance and intolerance toward other theoretical frameworks are regrettable features of Kuhn's normal science...meaningful conversations can only occur within a single paradigm." Kuhn's work was influential for rhetoricians, sociologists, and historians (and, in a more muted way, philosophers) for the development of a rhetorical perspective. His view on perception, concept acquisition and language suggest, according to Paul Hoyningen-Huene's analysis of Kuhn's philosophy, a cognitive perspective. Ethos Scientists are not just persuaded by logos or argument. Innovative initiatives in science test scientific authority by invoking the authority of past results (initial section of a scientific paper) and the authority of procedure, which establish the scientist's credibility as an investigator (Gross Starring 26-27). Examinations of the ethos of scientists (individually and collectively) spawned significant contributions in the field of rhetoric of science. Michael Halloran notes in "The Birth of Molecular Biology" (Rhetoric Review 3, 1984) – an essay that is a rhetorical analysis of James D. Watson and Francis H. Crick's "A Structure for Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid" – that a large part of what constitutes a scientific paradigm is the ethos of its practitioners. This ethos is about an attitude and a way of attacking problems and propagating claims. In "The Rhetorical Construction of Scientific Ethos," Lawrence Prelli provides a systematic analysis of ethos as a tool of scientific legitimation. Prelli's work examines the exchange of information in the court of public opinion. His work provides insight into the ways in which scientific argumentation is legitimized, and thus insight into public science policy. One of the domains of rhetoric is civic life. Rhetorical criticism of science offers much in the investigation of scientific matters that impinge directly upon public opinion and policy-making decisions. Rhetoric and language-games Rhetoric can also be defined as the strategic use of language: each scientist tries to make those statements that - given the statements made by their colleagues, and the ones the former expects they will do in the future (e.g., accepting or rejecting the claims made by the former) - maximise the chances of the former's attaining the goals he or she has. So, game theory can be applied to study the choice of the claims one scientist makes. Zamora Bonilla argues that, when rhetoric is understood this way, it can be discussed whether the way scientists interact - e.g., through certain scientific institutions like peer review - leads them to make their claims in an efficient or an inefficient way, that is, whether the 'rhetorical games' are more analogous to invisible hand processes, or to prisoner's dilemma games. If the former is the case, then we can assert that scientific 'conversation' is organised in such a way that the strategic use of language by scientists leads them to reach cognitive progress, and if the opposite is the case, then this would be an argument to reform scientific institutions. Rhetorical figures in science Corresponding to distinct lines of reasoning, figures of speech are evident in scientific arguments. The same cognitive and verbal skills that are of service to one line of inquiry – political, economic or popular – are of service to science (Fahnestock 43). This implies that there is less of a division between science and the humanities than initially anticipated. Argumentatively useful figures of speech are found everywhere in scientific writing. Theodosius Dobzhansky in Genetics and the Origin of Species offers a means of reconciliation between Mendelian mutation and Darwinian natural selection. By remaining sensitive to the interests of naturalists and geneticists, Dobzhansky – through a subtle strategy of polysemy – allowed a peaceful solution to a battle between two scientific territories. His expressed aim was to review the genetic information bearing on the problem of organic diversity. The building blocks of Dobzhansky's interdisciplinary influence that saw much development in two scientific camps were the result of the compositional choices he made. He uses, for instance, prolepsis to make arguments that introduced his research findings, and he provided a metaphoric map as a means to guide his audience. One illustration of metaphor is his use of the term "adaptive landscapes." Seen metaphorically, this term is a way of representing how theorists in two different fields can unite. Another figure that is important as an aid to understanding and knowledge is antimetabole (refutation by reversal). Antithesis also works toward a similar end. An example of antimetabole: Antimetabole often appears in writing or visuals where the line of inquiry and experiment has been characterized by mirror-image objects, or of complementarity, reversible or equilibrium processes. Louis Pasteur's revelation that many organic compounds come in left-and right-handed versions or isomers as articulated at an 1883 lecture illustrates the use of this figure. He argues in lecture that "life is the germ and the germ is life" because all life contains unsymmetrical/asymmetrical processes (Fahnestock 137-140). New Materialist Rhetoric of Science A more recent trend in rhetorical studies involves participation in the broader new materialist movement in philosophy and science and technology studies. This emerging area of inquiry investigates the role of rhetoric and discourse as an integral part of the Materialism of scientific practice. This approach considers how the methods of natural sciences came into being, and the particular role interaction among scientists and scientific institutions has to play. New materialist rhetoric of science of a feminist variety include those proponents see the progress of the natural sciences as having been purchased at a high cost, a cost that limits the scope and vision of science. Work in this area often draws on scholarship by Bruno Latour, Steve Woolgar, Annemarie Mol, and other new materialist scholars from science and technology studies. Work in new materialist rhetoric of science tends to be very critical of a perceived over-reliance on language in more conservative variants of rhetoric of science and has significantly criticized long-standing areas of inquiry such as incommensurability studies. Critique of rhetoric of science Globalization of rhetoric Renewed interest today in rhetoric of science is its positioning as a hermeneutic meta-discourse rather than a substantive discourse practice. Exegesis and hermeneutics are the tools around which the idea of scientific production has been forged. Criticism of rhetoric of science is mainly limited to discussions around the concept of hermeneutics, which can be seen as follows: Rhetorical hermeneutics is about a way of reading texts as rhetoric. Rhetoric is both a discipline and a perspective from which disciplines can be viewed. As a discipline, it has a hermeneutic task and generates knowledge; as a perspective, it has the task of generating new points of view (Gross Rhetorical 111). Whether rhetorical theory can function as a general hermeneutic, a key to all texts, including scientific texts, is still today a point of interest to rhetoricians. Although natural sciences and humanities differ in fundamental ways, science as enterprise can be viewed hermeneutically as a suite of texts exhibiting a study of knowledge (epistemology) based on understanding (Gross "On Shoulders" 21). A recent critique about the rhetoric of science literature asks not if science is understood properly, but rather if rhetoric is understood properly. This dissension centres around the reading of scientific texts rhetorically; it is a quarrel about how rhetorical theory is seen as a global hermeneutic (Gross "Intro" Rhetorical 1-13). Dilip Gaonkar in "The Idea of Rhetoric in the Rhetoric of Science" looks at how critics argue about rhetoric, and he unfolds the global ambitions of rhetorical theory as a general hermeneutic (a master key to all texts), with the rhetoric of science as a perfect site of analysis - a hard and fast case. In his analysis of this 'case', Gaonkar looks at rhetoric's essential character first in traditional sense (Aristotilean and Ciceronian). Then he looked at the practice of rhetoric and the model of persuasive speech from the point of agency (productive orientation) or who controls the speech (means of communication). The rhetorical tradition is one of practice, while the theory evinces practice and teaching (Gross "Intro" Rhetorical 6-11). Gaonkar asserts that rhetoric seen as a tradition (Aristotilean and Ciceronia), and from the point of view of interpretation (not production or agency), rhetorical theory is "thin." He argues that rhetoric appears as a thinly veiled language of criticism in such a way that it is applicable to almost any discourse. Gaonkar believes that this type of globalization of rhetoric undermines rhetoric's self-representation as a situated practical art, and in so doing, it runs counter to a humanist tradition. It runs counter to the interpretative function of a critical metadiscourse. If there is no more substance, no anchor, no reference to which rhetoric is attached, rhetoric itself is the substance, or the supplement, and thus becomes substantial, giving rise to the question how well rhetoric functions as interpretative discourse. Dilip Gaonkar's provocations have successfully opened the way to a broad reaching discussion that led to the defense of rhetoric analyses of scientific discourse. Responses to Gaonkar's provocations are many, of which two examples follow. When Gaonkar asks if a theory grounded in practice can be translated into a theory of interpretation, Michael Leff in "The Idea of Rhetoric as Interpretative Practice: A Humanist's Response to Gaonkar" see his views as too extreme, treating as opposites two positions that are in dialectic tension (rhetoric as production and rhetoric as interpretation), and separating interpretation from practice in order to establish a causal, rather than accidental, relationship between rhetoric and the globalalization of rhetoric (Gross "Intro" Rhetorical 11). John Angus Campbell in "Strategic Readings: Rhetoric, Intention, and Interpretation" also found in Rhetorical Hermeneutics is a verification of Leff's analysis (113). He argues, however, against Gaonkar's notion of invention and the mediation between producer or writer and the audience of a text(114). The differences between Campbell and Gaonkar is one of theory, and not whether agency figures in criticism (115). New Materialist Rhetoric of Science The new materialist approach to rhetoric of science has endorsed Goankar's criticisms of rhetoric of science more generally and seeks to overcome them through interdisciplinary engagement with science and technology studies. However, the new materialist approach, itself, has been subjected to significant criticism within the field, and identified as a radical variant. The question as to the adequacy of rhetoric in its encounter with scientific texts (natural sciences) is problematic on two fronts. The first concerns traditional rhetoric and its capacity as a tool to analyze scientific texts. Secondly, the answer to the question relies on an attack of the epistomological presuppositions of a classical rhetoric of science. For this reason, the radical critique is a call for the renewal of rhetorical theory. See also Contingency Demarcation problem Epistemology Falsifiability Rhetoric of health and medicine References Works cited Baake, Ken. Metaphor and Knowledge: The Challenges of Writing Science. Albany: The State University of New York Press, 2003. Bazerman, Charles and René Agustin De los Santos. "Measuring Incommensurability: Are toxicology and ecotoxicology blind to what the other sees?" 9 January 2006. . Bazerman, Charles. "Reporting the Experiment: The Changing Account of Scientific Doings in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1665-1800." In Landmark Essays on Rhetoric of Science: Case Studies. Ed. Randy Allen Harris. Mahwah: Hermagoras Press, 1997. Booth, Wayne C. The Rhetoric of Rhetoric: The Quest for Effective Communication. Malden: Blackwell Publishing, 2004. Campbell, John Angus. "Scientific Discovery and Rhetorical Invention." In The Rhetorical Turn: Inventions and Persuasion in the Conduct of Inquiry. Ed. Herbert W. Simons. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990. Dawkins, Richard. The Selfish Gene. Oxford: Oxford UP, 1989. Fahnestock, Jeanne. Rhetorical Figures in Science. New York: Oxford UP, 1999. Feyerabend, Paul. Against Method: Outline of an Anarchistic Theory of Knowledge. London: Verso, 1975. Gross, Alan G. "On the Shoulders of Giants: Seventeenth-Century Optics as an Argument Field." In Landmark Essays on Rhetoric of Science: Case Studies. Ed. Randy Allen Harris. Mahwah: Hermagoras Press, 1997. Gross, Alan G., Starring The Text: The Place of Rhetoric in Science Studies. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 2006. Gross, Alan G. "The Origin of Species: Evolutionary Taxonomy as an Example of the Rhetoric of Science". In The Rhetorical Turn: Invention and Persuasion in the Conduct of Inquiry. Ed. Herbert W. Simons. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990. Gross A., and William M. Keith. Eds. "Introduction." Rhetorical Hermeneutics: Invention and Interpretation in the Age of Science. Albany: State University of New York Press, 1997. Harris, Randy Allen. "Knowing, Rhetoric, Science." In Visions and Revisions: Continuity and Change in Rhetoric and Composition. Ed. James D. Williams. Carbondale: Southern Illinois UP, 2002. Jasinski, James. "Introduction." Sourcebook on Rhetoric: Key Concepts in Contemporary Rhetorical Studies. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publications, 2001. Kuhn, Thomas S. The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. 3rd ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1996. Maturana, Humberto R., and Varela, Francisco J. The Tree of Knowledge: The Biological Roots of Human Understanding. Boston: Shambhala Publications, Inc., 1987. Toulmin, S. "The Uses of Argument." In The Rhetorical Tradition: Readings from Classical Times to the Present. 2nd ed. Eds. Bizzell, Patricia and Bruce Herzberg. Boston: Bedford, 1990. Further reading Bazerman, Charles. Shaping Written Knowledge: The Genre and Activity of the Experimental Article in Science. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press, 1988. (online version). "Reporting the Experiment: The Changing Account of Scientific Doings in the Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society, 1665-1800" by Charles Bazerman in Landmark Essays on Rhetoric of Science is found in chapter 3 of that text. Campbell, John Angus. "Scientific Revolution and the Grammar of Culture: The Case of Darwin's Origin." Quarterly Journal of Speech 72 (1986):351-376. Gaonkar, Dilip Parameshwar. "Rhetoric and Its Double: Reflections on the Rhetorical Turn in the Human Sciences." In The Rhetorical Turn: Invention and Persuasion in the Conduct of Inquiry. Ed. Herbert W. Simons. Chicago: The University of Chicago Press, 1990. Halloran, S. Michael and Annette Norris Bradford. "Figures of Speech in the Rhetoric of Science and Technology." Essays on Classical Rhetoric and Modern Discourse. Ed. Robert J. Connors et al. Carbondale: Southern Illinois University Press, 1984. Harris, Randy Allen. Ed. Rhetoric and Incommensurability. West Lafayette: Parlor Press, 2005. Latour, Bruno and Steve Woolgar. Laboratory Life: The Social Construction of Scientific Facts. Beverly Hills: Sage, 1979. Leff, Michael. "The Idea of Rhetoric as Interpretative Practice: A Humanist Response to Gaonkar." The Southern Communication Journal 58 (1993): 296-300. Miller, Carolyn. "Genre as Social Action." Quarterly Journal of Speech 70: 151-57. Schryer, Catherine F. "Genre Theory, Health-Care Discourse, and Professional Identity Formation." Journal of Business and Technical Communication 19.3 (2005):249-278. Scott, R. L. "On Viewing Rhetoric as Epistemic." Central States Speech Journal (1967) 18:9-16. Simpson, Thomas K. Figures of Thought: A Literary Appreciation of Maxwell's Treatise on Electricity and Magnetism, 2005, Green Lion Press, Stark, Ryan. Rhetoric, Science, and Magic in Seventeenth-Century England. Washington, DC: The Catholic University of America Press, 2009. Waddell, Craig. "The Role of Pathos in the Decision-Making Process: A Study in the Rhetoric of Science Policy." Quarterly Journal of Speech 76 (1990): 381-400. Wander, Philip C. and Dennis Jaehne. "Prospects for 'a rhetoric of science.'" Social Epistemology 14.2/3 (2000): 211-233. 30 December. 2005. (PDF file) Ziman, John (2000). Real Science: what it is, and what it means. Cambridge, Uk: Cambridge University Press. Philosophy of science Rhetoric 20th-century philosophy Contemporary philosophy
3986881	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linda%20W.%20Hunter	Linda W. Hunter	Judge Linda W. Hunter is a DeKalb County, Georgia Superior Court Judge in Division 8. She is a graduate of Northwestern University and the University of Georgia School of Law. She was appointed to the DeKalb State Court by Governor Joe Frank Harris in 1987. Governor Zell Miller appointed her to DeKalb Superior Court in 1991. References Year of birth missing (living people) Living people Georgia (U.S. state) state court judges Northwestern University alumni University of Georgia alumni
3986885	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hans%20Hagerup%20Falbe	Hans Hagerup Falbe	Hans Hagerup Falbe (7 February 1772 – 17 October 1830) was a Norwegian lawyer, judge and government official. He served as a member of the Norwegian Council of State Department in Stockholm (Norske statsråder i Stockholm). Falbe was born in Copenhagen, Denmark. He was the son of Councillor of State Johan Christian Falbe (1740–1801) and Anna Cathrine Hagerup de Gyldenpalm (1741–1815). During 1791, he earned a law degree at the University of Copenhagen. From 1799 to 1809, he was a court assessor. Between 1809 and 1815, he was Chief Justice of the Criminal Court in Christiania (now Oslo). During 1814 he participated in the Meeting of Notables at Eidsvoll (Stormannsmøtet på Eidsvoll) which convened in the aftermath of the Treaty of Kiel. In 1815 he was appointed district governor in Akershus Amt. Between 1815 and 1822, he was Chief Justice of Akershus stift (Akershus stiftsoverrett). Falbe was an acting member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm from 1822–1824 (appointed member 1823), 1825–1826 and 1829–1830, Minister of Auditing 1824–1825 and 1828–1829, Minister of the Navy 1826–1827 and Minister of Justice 1827–1828. He died during 1830 and was buried at Vår Frelsers gravlund in Oslo. References 1772 births 1830 deaths People from Copenhagen University of Copenhagen alumni Norwegian jurists Norwegian lawyers Government ministers of Norway County Governors of Norway Burials at the Cemetery of Our Saviour
3986886	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Culbert	Dave Culbert	David Thomas Culbert (born 17 March 1967 in Sydney) is a former international track and field athlete. In an international long jump career that spanned ten years, he won two Commonwealth Games silver medals in 1990 and 1994 and also made finals at the 1992 Olympics. Since his retirement, he has established himself as Australia's track and field commentator working with Channel 7 and SBS as well as various radio stations. In 2004 and 2005 he hosted a Sunday morning discussion show, The Insiders on Melbourne station SEN 1116. In his role as a commentator, he has called Athletics at the 2000, 2004 and 2008 Olympic Games, 1998 and 2002 and 2006 Commonwealth Games and the past five World Athletics Championships. He has also held the role of reporter/producer on Channel Seven programs Talking Footy, The Olympic Show and Sportsworld. Culbert runs a sports media, promotion and marketing firm called Jump Media and has clients including Athletics Australia and the Australian Commonwealth Games Association. He has worked on projects for Hockey Australia, the International Triathlon Union and Gymnastics Australia. References Profile External links Jump Media 1967 births Living people Australian male long jumpers Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1986 Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1990 Commonwealth Games Athletes (track and field) at the 1994 Commonwealth Games Olympic athletes of Australia Athletes from Sydney Australian Institute of Sport track and field athletes Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics Commonwealth Games silver medallists for Australia
5377264	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alekseev%20%28singer%29	Alekseev (singer)	Mykyta Volodymyrovych Alieksieiev (born 18 May 1993), better known by his mononym Alekseev, is a Ukrainian singer and songwriter. He first began his career in 2014 after placing as a semifinalist on season four of The Voice of Ukraine. He subsequently released the single "Pyanoye solntse", which went on to become a number-one hit throughout the CIS and kickstarted his music career. He represented Belarus in the Eurovision Song Contest 2018 in Portugal with his song "Forever". Early life Alekseev was born on 18 May 1993 in Ukraine's capital of Kyiv from a mixed Ukrainian-Russian family, with a root in Belarus too. Prior to his birth, his biological father left the family as he didn't want to become a parent and later moved to Israel. Alekseev remains estranged from him, but has spoken of his willingness to meet him. When he was one and a half years old, Alekseev and his mother moved to her family in Chita, Russia, where they stayed for two years. Then, they returned to Kyiv, where Alekseev went to live in a small multiple household flat in the Livoberezhnyi Masyv. He enrolled in the local music school, where he, in 2005, tried to represent Ukraine in the Junior Eurovision Song Contest with a self-written song. As a child, Alekseev spent several summers in Mula, Spain, where he lived with a Spanish foster family. At one stage, he lived there up to eight months a year. In 2018, during a pre-party for Eurovision, he met the family again for the first time in over a decade. At the age of 12, Alekseev became very interested in music and singing and was taught by Konstantin Pona. He later started his own band called "Mova". He later graduated from the Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics with a degree in Marketing. Since 2018, he has been dating Ukrainian-Russian singer Ulyana Sinetskaya. Career The Voice During The Voice blind auditions, Ani Lorak turned her chair for Alekseev, but he did not go beyond the 1st live broadcast. As a consolation prize, Ani Lorak helped Alekseev shoot the music video for his debut single "Everything is in Time". But he did not gain popularity until after he appeared on Voice of the County: Reload where he covered Iryna Bilyk's "I'm Drowning" and shot a music video for it. Debut - 2017 In September 2015, Alekseev released Pyanoye solntse (Drunken Sun), with lyrics by Vitaly Kurovsky and music by Rusland Quint. The next month, a music video directed by Alan Badoev in which Alekseev kills his alter ego after breaking up with a girl, was shot. In late May 2016, he received the RU.TV award for best song. He also received a Yuna Award for "Drunken Sun". The subsequent singles, "Shards of Dreams", "Became Oceans" and "Feeling Soul", had their music videos also directed by Alan Badoev. On June 29, 2016, he performed the song at Miss Ukraine Universe 2016. In June 2016, Alekseev won Breakthrough Artist of The Year at the Russian MUZ-TV Awards and Breakthrough Artist of The Year at the Ukrainian M1 Music Awards in December 2016. In March 2017, the artist won ZD Awards and Top Hit Music Awards in several categories: "Breakthrough Artist of The Year", "Artist of The Year", "Take-Off of The Year", "Most Frequently Played on The Radio" for the track Drunken Sun and "Most Popular Radio Artist". On 14 February 2017, Alekseev started his first Ukrainian Tour. The final show took place on the artist's birthday, 18 May, at the Oktyabrsky Palace. Eurovision Song Contest One week after applying for the Ukrainian contest Vidbir, it was revealed that Alekseev had revoked his bid. It was then later revealed that he entered into Belarus' contest instead. There was controversy following Alekseev's entry. Eurovision rules state that the song performed is not allowed to have been performed before September 1 of the previous year. Alekseev, however, had been performing a Russian song named "Навсегда" at his concerts. He then shortened the song and translated the lyrics to English to get around this rule. On January 15, 2018, an article emerged claiming that 11 other finalists in the Belarus contest were threatening to withdraw if Alekseev was allowed to qualify for the contests' final. However, on February 16, 2018, Alekseev won the Belarus National Selection and represented the country at the 2018 Eurovision Song Contest in Lisbon, Portugal. After Eurovision Song Contest In November 2018, it became known that the artist began to cooperate with Sony Music Entertainment (Russia). Discography Studio albums EPs Singles Music videos Filmography Awards and nominations Notes References External links 1993 births Musicians from Kyiv Living people Ukrainian pop singers Eurovision Song Contest entrants for Belarus Eurovision Song Contest entrants of 2018 Kyiv National University of Trade and Economics alumni The Voice of Ukraine contestants Ukrainian people of Russian descent Ukrainian people of Belarusian descent 21st-century Ukrainian male singers Russian National Music Award winners
3986891	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Selwyn%20School	Selwyn School	The Selwyn School is an independent, coeducational day school located in Argyle, Texas. Founded in 1957, the school educates grades Pre-Kindergarten through 12. An individualized, experiential approach to education is the cornerstone of a Selwyn education. The school has an enrollment of over 100, primarily from Denton, but also from surrounding north Texas towns including Argyle, Aubrey, Corinth, Copper Canyon, Flower Mound, Highland Village and Sanger. History In 1955, Denton Civic Boys Choir School, was founded. But after two years a group of prominent Denton residents, led by John Ross of Moore Business Forms, put together a non-profit group to take over the school. With a borrowed $100, the school, renamed Denton Preparatory School in 1957, began classes in a building leased from Texas Woman's University. Thirty-three students attended kindergarten through 9th grade and it had five teachers. Leading that faculty was another Ross recruit: John D. Doncaster, a former English instructor at Southern Methodist University. Two years later Doncaster led the school to a new location to accommodate the 85 students and the fledgling boarding program. Parents and school community members worked to convert the barns into classrooms and the house into a dormitory. Then J. Newton Rayzor stepped in. In 1961 Rayzor, a Houston developer and prominent landowner in Denton donated of land to the school on University Drive (U.S. Route 380) west of town. In the fall of that year due to the labor of parents, faculty and students, the school was completed and ready for occupancy. To honor Rayzor, it was named after his daughter, Jeanne Selwyn Rayzor. (1926–1976). Doncaster's educational philosophy rejected of progressive education favored at that time. His approach was traditional, epitomized by his phrase “discipline and the disciplines." Over time the school became both a boarding and day school and it gained accreditation by the Texas Education Agency and the Independent Schools Association of the Southwest a regional association of the National Association of Independent Schools. It also gradually added grades, eventually becoming a K-12 institution. The 1970s and 1980s saw Doncaster making trips to the Middle East to encourage parents there to send their children to boarding school in Denton. At the time, Saudi Aramco (Arabian American Oil Company) would pay to send employees' children overseas to school. This led to a collection of students from all over: children of oil executives, international students, day students, and boarders from across the Southwest. This diversity led to the cosmopolitan atmosphere of the school. As the 1980s drew to a close, the plummeting price of oil made recruitment difficult; oil wealth simply wasn’t there to pay the tuition of so many of its students. This was compounded by the recession dealt by 1991's Gulf War. The school as it stood then was unsustainable, so painful measures were taken: the upper school was closed. Despite cries from its small number of far-flung alumni, the move allowed the school to get on more solid financial footing by focusing on its local pre-K and kindergarten programs, even converting the girls dormitory into an extensive set of children's classrooms — including an indoor sandbox. As attendance grew again, grades were added to accommodate demand, gradually building the middle school, and, eventually, in 2003, the reopening of the upper school beginning with the 9th grade and adding grades through the 12th. Changes And Campus Move On January 26, 2012, a fire destroyed the main building of the school, extensively damaging classrooms, offices, and destroying records. A fire marshal later determined it was arson. A groundbreaking ceremony was held for a new building in May 2015, but in March 2016, the process was halted when fundraising goals weren't met. In May 2016, the school administration considered moving to a more central location when an anonymous donor made an offer. On March 20, 2017, it moved to new campus on Copper Canyon Road in Argyle, Texas. A new pre-school building opened its doors in August, 2019, and an all-school "Selwyn Commons" was completed in September, 2019. Curriculum Over its history, retired university professors, experienced teachers at the middle and upper levels, and a solid Montessori atmosphere in the lower school made for a well-rounded education. Currently, the pre-school and kindergarten practice the Reggio Emilia philosophy of education, while modern, proven educational practices flourish throughout Lower, Middle and Upper School, delivered by an experienced faculty, over half of whom are Master teachers. Throughout their matriculation at Selwyn School, students are educated and developed in keeping with the school's "Portrait Of A Selwyn Graduate." This set of principles, codified in 2018, summarize as: creative, confident, collaborative, thoughtful problem solving confident, adaptive resolve even during times of challenge or crisis commitment to community, relationship-building, with perspective informed locally and globally a gravitation toward leadership built on trust, collaboration and with a forward-thinking mentality character formed of knowledge, understanding, integrity, compassion, a commitment to truth and understanding in the face of differences One of the things that sets Selwyn apart from other schools is its Perspectives program, an annual trip that is integrated into the curriculum. Younger students generally stay in-state, while middle school and upper school students venture further. Past trips have included excursions to Europe, Asia, Latin America, the Caribbean and throughout the United States. It is an opportunity for students to expand their horizons in a relatively structured way that builds on their curriculum and understanding of their world. Since moving to the current Argyle campus, Outdoor Education has become a signature program at Selwyn. Always integral to the school, Outdoor Education now involves collaboration across the breadth of curriculum at each grade level. Experiential, project-based learning is at its core, exploring and learning about the world around us by exploring both our own multi-acre, wooded campus and other locales. The program puts theory into practice, allowing time for creativity and reflection to accelerate the learning process and cement these learned topics in the minds of its students. References External links The Selwyn School website Handbook of Texas Online article Educational institutions established in 1957 Independent Schools Association of the Southwest Private K-12 schools in Texas High schools in Denton County, Texas 1957 establishments in Texas
5377270	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crown%20Street%20Women%27s%20Hospital	Crown Street Women's Hospital	Crown Street Women's Hospital (now-closed) was once the largest maternity hospital in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia. It was located at 351 Crown Street (corner of Crown and Albion Streets), Surry Hills. The hospital was one of several stand-alone maternity hospitals in Sydney, none of which remain. It opened in 1893, and was closed in 1983. During its 90-year life, it trained hundreds of midwives and doctors, and was a teaching hospital of the University of Sydney. Many thousands of Sydney's residents were born there. When Westmead Hospital opened in Sydney's west, Crown St Hospital's maternity facilities were moved there, along with the general medical and surgical departments of Sydney Hospital on Macquarie Street, and the hospital was closed. The Canonbury annex was demolished around 1983, with the site redeveloped as part of McKell Park. History Founded by Dr James Graham in 1893, the Women's Hospital in Crown Street aimed to lift the medical standards for maternity care. In addition to providing wards for surgical cases and complicated births the Hospital provided treatment in homes. Initial funding of the Women's Hospital came from public subscription, obstetric nurse training and student fees, with assistance from the Government in obtaining furniture and surgical instruments. The Board of the Women's Hospital met for the first time on 13 August 1895. One of the Hospital's early achievements was providing instruction to women who had previously acted as midwives without any medical certification. On 30 October 1919 the Permanent Auxiliary Organisation was founded to centralise offers of assistance. Permanent Auxiliary Centres were opened at Abbotsford in 1933 and Bondi-Waverley in 1937. By its Golden Jubilee in 1943 Crown Street Women's Hospital had become the largest maternity hospital in New South Wales. The hospital's nurseries were divided into five categories: D, Premature, Adoption, Founders Isolation and Main. The Crown Street Women's Hospital was closed on 31 March 1983 and its facilities were transferred to Westmead Hospital. The Crown Street Women's Hospital Medical Records were transferred to Prince Of Wales Hospital Randwick. Hospital history timeline First president (Mary Windeyer)(1895) Indoor Department (October 1896) Teaching Hospital Status with the University of Sydney (1897) Hugh Dixson Isolation Block (1909) Death of first matron, Hannah McLeod (1912) Parent Education (offered from 1915) The Permanent Auxiliary Organisation was founded to centralise all offers of assistance received by the Hospital (30 October 1919) Founders Block building was opened providing administrative offices, Resident Medical Officers quarters, labour wards, and operating theatre, recovery room, and nurses quarters (3 June 1930) X-Ray Department (September 1935) The Sterility Clinic was established 1938 Mobile Transfusion Service or "Flying Squad" (1939) Crown Street Women's Hospital had become the largest maternity hospital in New South Wales (1943) Diet Department (1947) Canonbury at Darling Point was opened as annexe to the Women's Hospital (1947) During the 1940s and 1950s Founders Block building was remodelled as the gynaecology block of the hospital (1940-1950s) Lady Wakehurst Annexe at Waverley was opened as post-operative care centre (January 1952) Unit for the Research into the Newborn (1961) Department of Anaesthesia (1963) Intensive Care Unit (1966) Ultra Sound Department (1971) Sam Stening Intensive Care Annexe (December 1972) Therapeutic Abortion Clinic opened. From 1975 women requesting abortions were seen in the Consultancy Clinic (1973 to 1975) Aboriginal Nurse visits to postnatal patients (1976) Birth Centre for natural childbirth (17 September 1979) The Sterility Clinic was renamed as the Alan Grant Fertility Clinic (28 November 1979) Lady Wakehurst Annexe was closed and redeveloped as a Hospital and Retraining Unit for Intellectually Retarded Young Adults. (1980) Hospital closes and services transferred to Westmead Hospital (1983) Canonbury buildings demolished and land reformed into McKell Park (1983) References Former hospitals in Sydney Former buildings and structures in Sydney Hospitals established in 1893 Demolished buildings and structures in Sydney
5377273	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Alban%27s%20College	St. Alban's College	St. Alban's College is a private, boarding, English medium and day high school for boys situated in the suburb of Lynnwood Glen in Pretoria in the Gauteng province of South Africa. It was founded in 1963 by Anton Murray. Its history, influence, wealth, and academic reputation have made it one of the most prestigious schools in South Africa. The sister school is called St. Mary's Diocesan School for Girls. History The school was founded on 1 February 1963 with a student body of 37 boys and 3 masters. It now has 580 boys and 43 teachers plus support staff. The founder-Headmaster, Anton Murray, was a South African cricketer, who worked for twenty years at the school. Paul Marsh was headmaster during a transitional phase lasting for four years. Ronnie Todd introduced many radical changes during his ten years as headmaster, and following his position as headmaster went on to open St Peter's College. The fourth headmaster was Grant Nupen, who was one of the 37 Foundation Scholars in 1963 and went on to become the first Head Boy, a position he held for three years. Under the direction of the fifth headmaster, Tom Hamilton, the school celebrated its 50th birthday in 2013. Headmasters Sport Sports offered include rugby and hockey (the main sports in the winter time), cricket, swimming, rowing, basketball and water polo (in summer). Other sports are golf, soccer, tennis, squash, athletics and cross-country running (also known as bounds). The sports that are played at the school are: Archery Athletics Basketball Chess Cricket Cross country Golf Hockey Mountain biking Rowing Rugby Football (soccer) Squash Swimming Table tennis Tennis Water polo Music The St Alban's College chapel choir attended the World Choir Games for the first time in the school's history in 2008. In 2010, the choir completed a tour of the United States, where it toured the East Coast and performed at places including the Washington National Cathedral in Washington D.C. The school has a singing group, the Barbershop Boys, comprising singers selected from the chapel choir, usually around 15-20 boys, who sing a cappella. The Barbershop Boys began the school's "Music Tours" with their tour to Argentina in 2004. Notable Old Boys List of the matriculants of St Alban's College are in alphabetical order. Mlungisi Bali (Class of 2008) - South African professional rugby player Roger Goode - Radio DJ Jean-Philip Grobler (Class of 2001) - AKA St. Lucia, front-man for the band St. Lucia (musician) Kurt Haupt (Class of 2007) - South African-German rugby player Jason Jenkins (Class of 2013) - Springbok and Blue Bulls rugby player Michael Kumbirai (Class of 2014) - South African professional rugby player Bongi Mbonambi (Class of 2009) Springbok professional rugby player Simon Miller (Class of 2019) - South African professional rugby player Abongile Nonkontwana (Class of 2013) - South African professional rugby player David Rattray (Class of 1976) - historian, fellow of the Royal Geographical Society (1958 – 2007) John Smith (Class of 2008) - Olympic gold medalist for Rowing, light weight coxless four, 2012 London Olympics. Richard Sterne (Class of 1999) - South African professional golfer Jabulani Tsambo (Class of 1998) - South African hip-hop artist Dan van Zyl (Class of 1989) - South African professional cricket & rugby player References External links Anglican schools in South Africa Boarding schools in South Africa Private schools in Gauteng Educational institutions established in 1963 Boys' schools in South Africa 1963 establishments in South Africa
5377277	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slim%20Aarons	Slim Aarons	Slim Aarons (born George Allen Aarons; October 29, 1916 – May 30, 2006) was an American photographer noted for his images of socialites, jet-setters and celebrities. Photography career At 18 years old, Aarons enlisted in the United States Army, worked as a photographer at the United States Military Academy, and later served as a combat photographer in World War II and earned a Purple Heart. Aarons said combat had taught him the only beach worth landing on was "decorated with beautiful, seminude girls tanning in a tranquil sun." After the war, Aarons moved to California and began photographing celebrities. In California, he shot his most praised photo, Kings of Hollywood, a 1957 New's Year's Eve photograph depicting Clark Gable, Van Heflin, Gary Cooper, and James Stewart relaxing at a bar in full formal wear. Aaron's work appeared in Life, Town & Country, and Holiday magazines. Aarons never used a stylist, or a makeup artist. He made his career out of what he called "photographing attractive people doing attractive things in attractive places." An oft-cited example of this approach is his 1970 Poolside Gossip shot at the Kaufmann Desert House designed by Richard Neutra, with owner Nelda Linsk as one of the models in the photo. "I knew everyone," he said in an interview with The (London) Independent in 2002. "They would invite me to one of their parties because they knew I wouldn't hurt them. I was one of them." Alfred Hitchcock's film, Rear Window (1954), whose main character is a photographer played by Jimmy Stewart, is set in an apartment reputed to be based on Aarons' apartment. In 1997, Mark Getty, the co-founder of Getty Images, visited Aarons in his home and bought Aarons' entire archive. In 2017, filmmaker Fritz Mitchell released a documentary about Aarons, called Slim Aarons: The High Life. In the documentary it is revealed that Aarons was Jewish and grew up in conditions that were in complete contrast to what he told friends and family of his childhood. Aarons claimed that he was raised in New Hampshire, was an orphan, and had no living relations. After his death in 2006, his widow and daughter learned the truth that Aarons had grown up in a poor immigrant Yiddish-speaking family on the Lower East Side of Manhattan. As a boy his mother was diagnosed with mental health issues and admitted to a psychiatric hospital, which caused him to be passed around among relatives. He resented and had no relationship with his father and had a brother, Harry, who would later commit suicide. Several documentary interviewees postulate that if Aarons's true origins had been known, his career would have been unlikely to succeed within the restricted world of celebrity and WASP privilege his photography glamorized. Death Aarons died in 2006 in Montrose, New York, and was buried in Mount Auburn Cemetery in Cambridge, Massachusetts. Bibliography References External links Slim Aarons at the International Fine Arts Consortium Slim Aarons at the Staley-Wise Gallery Slim Aarons at Artnet Slim Aarons at the New York Social Diary 1916 births 2006 deaths United States Army personnel of World War II Photographers from New York City Burials at Mount Auburn Cemetery Commercial photographers People from Manhattan American portrait photographers United States Army soldiers World War II photographers
5377281	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%C3%A1%C5%A1%20Skuhrav%C3%BD	Tomáš Skuhravý	Tomáš Skuhravý (born 7 September 1965, in Český Brod) is a Czech former footballer who played as a striker. Club career At club level, Skuhravý mostly played in the Italian Serie A in the early 1990s with Genoa, being signed from Sparta Prague, forming a prolific partnership with Uruguayan Carlos Aguilera. Tall and powerful Skuhravy usually attained full shape and proficiency later in the season while the smaller and quicker Aguilera gave his best in the early matches; together they managed to give Genoa a solid attack all-year round. In the 1990–91 season, the two players scored 15 goals apiece, good for tied-third in the scorers' standings, leading Genoa to a fourth place in the final standings, arguably the best result in the club's modern history. The following year he helped his team reach the semi-finals in the UEFA Cup, ultimately being eliminated by eventual champions Ajax Amsterdam. Skuhravý scored a total of 57 goals with Genoa, becoming the best club goalscorer in the Serie A for the rossoblu. He left Genoa in 1995 to join Sporting Clube de Portugal, where he ended his playing career. International career At international level, Skuhravý played for Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic, playing a total of 49 international matches, scoring 17 goals. For Czechoslovakia he played 43 matches and scored 14 goals, while for the Czech Republic he played six matches, scoring three goals. He was a participant in the 1990 FIFA World Cup, where he scored five goals to become the second highest scorer for the tournament. This included a hat-trick against Costa Rica. Post-playing career In September 2018, Skuhravy was announced to have made a return into football as the new club manager of Serie C club Cuneo. He left Cuneo in June 2019 following the club's exclusion from the Italian football leagues due to financial problems. Personal life After retirement, Skuhravý moved back to Liguria; he currently lives in Celle Ligure, where he works as a restaurant owner and football pundit for a local TV channel. His cousin Roman Skuhravý is a former football player and currently a football manager. References External links 1965 births People from Kolín District Living people Czechoslovak footballers Czech footballers Czechoslovakia international footballers Czech Republic international footballers Dual internationalists (football) Serie A players Serie B players Genoa C.F.C. players Primeira Liga players Sporting CP footballers Czech expatriate footballers Expatriate footballers in Italy Expatriate footballers in Portugal 1990 FIFA World Cup players AC Sparta Prague players FK Hvězda Cheb players FK Viktoria Žižkov players Nightclub owners Czechoslovak expatriate footballers Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Italy Czech expatriate sportspeople in Italy Czech expatriate sportspeople in Portugal Association football forwards Sportspeople from the Central Bohemian Region
5377286	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salman%20Shukur	Salman Shukur	Salman Shukur was born in 1921 in Baghdad, Iraq, where he died in 2007. He studied oud under Sherif Muheddin Haydar at the Baghdad Conservatory. Later, he became Professor of oud and the head of the Oriental Music Department at the Institute founded by Sharif Muheddin, and held that post for 30 years. He was also Artistic Advisor for the Iraqi Ministry of Information. He performed frequently for Iraqi radio and television, and performed in concert in China, Iran, Egypt, Germany, England, and the United States. He has performed publicly as recently as 1997. He made only one full-length recording, for Decca Headline, "Salman Shukur - oud", HEAD 16 PSI, recorded in Rosslyn Hill Chapel in London in 1976 by James Mallinson and Stanley Gooddall, notes by John Haywood, released in 1977, and a brief excerpt of his solo oud performance in Rast Iraq can be heard on the Tangent Record series Music In The World Of Islam: Lutes (re-issued by Topic Records). For this recording, Salman Shukur used an oud built by the son of Ustad Ali, Mohammad Ali. It features six courses, and the lowest-pitched single string is in the lowest physical place when the oud is played so the string order is 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1. Like Jamil Bashir he tuned the instrument very high - from G to G - instead of the traditional C to C. It has a traditional glued-to-the-face bridge, to which the strings are tied. Like many students of Sherif Muheddin Haydar, Salman Shukur uses a plectrum some of the time, and all four fingers of his right hand some of the time, when playing. References 1921 births 2007 deaths Iraqi musicians Iraqi oud players Musicians from Baghdad
5377287	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermagoras	Hermagoras	Hermagoras may refer to: Hermagoras of Amphipolis (3rd century BC), stoic philosopher Hermagoras of Temnos (1st century BC), rhetorician Hermagoras of Aquileia (3rd century AD), first bishop of Aquileia and saint
5377292	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eli%20Dingle	Eli Dingle	Eli Dingle is a fictional character from the British ITV soap opera, Emmerdale, played by Joe Gilgun. He first appeared on screen in the episode which aired on 13 July 2006 and made his last appearance on 30 April 2010. He is the younger brother of Marlon Dingle (Mark Charnock). Storylines Eli was a penniless drifter, just released from prison, now working as a builder turned up unannounced on his uncle Zak Dingle's (Steve Halliwell) doorstep and was told he was unwelcome. No one was pleased to see Eli, not even his older brother Marlon Dingle (Mark Charnock). It was soon clear Eli had gotten them into plenty of mischief in the past. Eli then witnessed the terrifying King's River showhome collapse which killed several villagers. Eli helped in the rescue and later defended his cousin Sam Dingle (James Hooton) and his terminally ill wife Alice (Ursula Holden-Gill) against Cain Dingle (Jeff Hordley). Zak agreed to let Eli stay, but he soon got into trouble when Marlon emotionally blackmailed him into obtaining the morphine Sam used in Alice's assisted suicide. Eli was disowned when Zak found out he had provided the morphine. He returned when Sam found him living rough in the woods on the run from some vicious drug dealers. After the men attacked Marlon trying to discover his whereabouts, Eli came up with a plan to frame them for armed robbery at the post office. His scheme worked and Zak accepted Eli back into the family. Eli had several negative encounters with the law and the other villagers, including being wrongly arrested for Tom King's (Ken Farrington) murder after unknowingly stealing the murder weapon from Home Farm. There was some flirtation with Kelly Windsor (Adele Silva) and after aborting Jimmy King's (Nick Miles) baby, Kelly ended up drunkenly kissing Eli. This was caught on film by Debbie Dingle (Charley Webb) who used it to blackmail Kelly. After Jimmy dumped Kelly at the altar, Eli helped her leave town by stealing Debbie's car. Eli later began an on/off relationship with his cousin Debbie after agreeing to help her with some money-making schemes, including pretending to be Scott Windsor (Ben Freeman) in order for her to obtain a loan to buy his garage business. When a local bookmaker refused to pay out, Marlon decided to rob the bookies in revenge. Eli initially tried to talk him out of it, but eventually helped plan the robbery. Marlon was shocked to discover Eli had brought a gun and he pulled out of the plan. Worried, Marlon later intervened to stop Eli, but the gun went off accidentally and Marlon was shot in the chest. Marlon recovered, but was angry with Eli. When a story about him being a hero appeared, Marlon was rewarded for his supposed bravery with enough money to buy himself and Donna a house, Eli was jealous and began to blackmail his brother. Zak eventually found out what was going on and physically attacked Eli, calling him a "snivelling little traitor". Instead of leaving town, Eli lay in wait and kidnapped his brother, driving him to the top of a multi-storey car park. When a terrified Marlon questioned why Eli was doing this, Eli admitted that it was because he had always resented Marlon. That he had spent his whole life being "the rubbish one" nobody loved, whilst everyone loved Marlon. During the argument, Marlon managed to get free and the two brothers had a fight that ended with Eli hanging from the side of the building. Marlon begged him to give him his hand, but Eli refused and when he was rescued anyway, he cried that he hadn't wanted to be saved and ran back to Zak, who furiously told Eli he was disowned. Eli discovered that pensioner Lily Butterfield (Anne Charleston) was using her polytunnel to grow cannabis to help with her arthritis. He began to blackmail her so that he could sell some of the cannabis for money. This led to Sam becoming unwittingly involved and arrested. Sam confessed and Eli was then arrested and named Lily. Luckily, Zak and Edna destroyed the evidence, and so the police were forced to drop the charges. Zak was disgusted with Eli and once again temporarily disowned him. Despite knowing that Debbie didn't love him, Eli planned a picnic in order to propose to her. He said he wanted to help her to get custody of her daughter Sarah. Debbie initially agreed, but called it off when she discovered the ring was stolen. Rejected, a heartbroken Eli stole her taxi and ended up knocking over a pedestrian who was revealed to be an ex-girlfriend, Danielle Hutch. Eli had served time in prison for Danielle, but he still had feelings for her and they slept together. It turned out that Danielle was on the run from local criminals the McFarlanes, who she'd stolen drugs from. Danielle was then arrested by Shane Doyle who was working for the McFarlanes. Eli tried looking for her, only to find her at a McFarlane-run nightclub. He tried rescuing her, but Danielle hurt his feelings to make him leave. When Chas Dingle's (Lucy Pargeter) young son, Aaron Dingle (Danny Miller) was being kept as a drugs mule by the McFarlanes, Danielle tipped off the Dingles in order for them to rescue him. That same night, Debbie and Jasmine Thomas (Jenna-Louise Coleman) had uncovered the truth about Shane Doyle and when he attempted to rape Jasmine, she had bludgeoned him to death. Trying to conceal the crime, Debbie went to find Eli and took him back to the crime scene. Horrified, he eventually agreed to help and they disposed of Shane's body in the lake. The body was found in January 2009 and Ross Kirk (Samuel Anderson) was arrested after Marlon implicated him following his affair with Marlon's wife, Donna Windsor (Verity Rushworth). Desperate to free her lover, Donna became suspicious of a guilty Eli and turned him in to the police. He was released, but his unusually withdrawn behaviour worried Zak and Eli started to reveal the truth, but was rearrested before he could. Faced with a life sentence, Eli cracked and confessed everything to the police. Debbie and Jasmine had been planning to run away together and leave Eli to his fate, but his confession led to Debbie being arrested whilst Jasmine escaped. When Zak realised that Eli has told the police the truth, he attacked him and declared him dead to the Dingle family. Only Marlon stuck by Eli and took him into his house. Eli tried, but failed to correct his mistake and free Debbie. He tried changing his statement and then ran away from home when that went wrong. Marlon found him sleeping rough and convinced him to come back home. They then tracked Jasmine down to Scotland and tried to convince her to hand herself in, but were interrupted when her grandfather Sandy Thomas (Freddie Jones) entered, wielding a gun. When he found out that Danielle was now in the same prison wing as Debbie, Eli concocted a plan to free both her and Debbie. However, Debbie refused to leave and Danielle was later caught and returned to prison. A guilty Jasmine returned and confessed the truth, leading to Debbie's release a few weeks later. However, Debbie's distress at Jasmine's sentence upset Eli who thought she would now hate him. Depressed about this and Danielle's arrest, he broke down in tears to Marlon and made an emotional speech about how much he secretly hated how he was, before deciding it was best for him to leave the village. A couple of months later, Laurel Thomas (Charlotte Bellamy) found him living on the streets. He was filthy and confessed he hadn't eaten in days, but revealed he didn't dare to go home. She told Marlon, who went to bring Eli home, but Eli refused, saying that he was cursed and caused his family nothing but misery. Marlon told Eli that he loved him and the two brothers shared a tearful hug before Eli returned to the village to discover that his family were happy welcome him back. Eli moved back in with Marlon, who took in a new lodger called Lizzie Lakely (Kitty McGeever). Eli was initially jealous and suspicious of Lizzie, but they eventually became friends. He was involved in several dodgy schemes before his friendship with Priya Sharma (Fiona Wade) saw him securing a steady job at the Sharma's sweet factory. Eli developed a slight crush on Priya, but it wasn't reciprocated. When Sam developed feelings for illegal Ukrainian immigrant Olena Petrovich, Zak asked Eli to spy on them. This eventually led to Eli and Olena becoming good friends and she confessed that she did not return Sam's intense feelings for her, but was scared to tell him the truth. Sam picked up on the closeness between the two and became jealous and ever more possessive. Sam decided to propose to Olena so that she could stay in the country and tried to get Cain to obtain a fake passport. Concerned, Zak warned Olena to leave town rather than hurt his son. If she did not, he would turn her into the authorities himself. Faced with losing Olena, Eli now confessed that he was also in love with her and Olena claimed that she was also falling in love with Eli. They shared a passionate kiss and made a pact to elope. Marlon realised something was going on between them and angrily confronted Eli who tearfully declared that he loved Olena and wanted to help her and her family. Marlon demanded that they tell Sam the truth, but Sam saw the pair kissing in a field and was left heartbroken, In revenge, he reported Olena to Border Control and she was arrested in front of a horrified Eli. Upset, Eli got drunk and began to accuse the other villagers of reporting her, before Sam confessed that it was him. A furious Eli threw a glass at his cousin's head before being dragged away by Marlon, who told him it was partly his own fault for becoming involved with a woman Sam cared for and for not telling Sam the truth. When Eli confronted Sam, Zak threatened him and told Eli that he was no longer a Dingle. In retaliation Eli told Sam that Zak had already ordered Olena to leave town. Depressed following the loss of Olena, Eli quit his job. He received a letter from Olena revealing that she was back home, but unhappy. Eli told Marlon that Olena had been his one chance of happiness and it had lasted a week and then been taken away from him - just like that. He then sank further into a downward spiral and began to steal again. With Marlon demanding rent, he decided to rob the cash box from the B&B. He made so much noise that he woke up a drunken Eric Pollard (Chris Chittell), who fell down the stairs and knocked himself unconscious. Horrified, Eli tried to wake him and then struggled with his conscience before greed got the better of him and he took the cash box and ran. As Sam had been the one to find Eric, he was blamed for the theft. Eli planned to run away, but Marlon caught him and warned his brother that he had better get Sam out of this mess. Eli was about to leave, when he had second thoughts and advised Marlon that he was going away forever, so that he wouldn't keep screwing things up for everyone around him. Eli then revealed himself to be the thief, before apologising to Sam. He left before he could be arrested and Marlon followed him, begging his brother not to leave on bad terms. The two had an emotional discussion about their childhood before Marlon kissed his brother goodbye. Eli returned the cash box to Marlon, which was later discovered to be empty apart from a note which read "IOU £400". Eli was last seen leaving the village. He took one last tearful look back, then turned and walked away. Casting Eli was introduced by series producer Kathleen Beedles in 2006 as the previously unmentioned younger brother of Marlon Dingle and the youngest son of Albert Dingle. Joe Gilgun and Matthew Wolfenden (who went on to play David Metcalfe) were shortlisted for the role of Eli. However, the producers decided that Gilgun was more suited to this role. Before starting on Emmerdale, Gilgun was working as a plasterer and described joining the soap as "a dream come true". Development Personality Eli had a history of getting himself and others into trouble. Scruffy, lazy and impulsive his criminal activities ranged from petty shoplifting to armed robbery. Loud and jovial, Eli was generally portrayed as an immature, lovable rogue who refused to take any responsibility for himself. He also had a far more dangerous, vindictive streak but could sometimes display a sensitive, thoughtful side as well. He had a tendency to fall in love easily and was drawn to women who needed his help. The character hinted at a troubled upbringing including time spent in a Young Offenders Institute. On more than one occasion, he acknowledged that he did not like the person he was, but felt unable to change. Departure In November 2009, Gilgun announced his decision to quit in order to pursue other projects, including This Is England '86. He was "sad to leave", but felt it was time to move on. An Emmerdale spokeswoman confirmed his departure but added that they were not "ruling out" the possibility of him returning to the show. Gilgun since admitted that he'd "had enough" of Emmerdale and felt that it was mutual. He said that there wasn't much more that could be done with the character of Eli. References External links Character profile at itv.com Character profile at What's on TV Emmerdale characters Television characters introduced in 2006 Fictional drug dealers Fictional characters involved in incest Male characters in television Male villains
5377310	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maintenance%20testing	Maintenance testing	Maintenance testing is a test that is performed to either identify equipment problems, diagnose equipment problems, or confirm that repair measures have been effective. It can be performed at either the system level (e.g., the HVAC system), the equipment level (e.g., the blower in an HVAC line), or the component level (e.g., a control chip in the control box for the blower in the HVAC line). Technical basis for testing Maintenance testing uses system performance requirements to identify the appropriate components for further inspection or repair. By Test User A good testing program will record test results and maintenance actions taken. These data will be evaluated for trends and serve as the basis for decisions on appropriate testing frequency, the need to replace or upgrade equipment, and performance improvement opportunities. In-service inspection and testing One level of maintenance testing is the in-service inspection or inspection, which typically is a test or series of tests performed on a frequency established by the manufacturer based on prior experience with the system/equipment/component or upon engineering analysis of the probable failure rate for the equipment. Typical examples of inspections and tests include: Periodic vehicle inspections mandated by regulatory authorities for features important to environmental protection (e.g., exhaust emissions) or for safety (e.g., brake and signal lights). Periodic inspections of nuclear power plant equipment important to the safe operation of the facility. Such inspections include a range of tests such as Leak-rate tests for containment structures (the reactor boundary, the containment vessel, etc.). Calibration tests to assure shutdown systems will activate on over-power or over-temperature conditions. The medical physical examination or clinical examination can be considered diagnostic testing of in-service inspection for the human body Performance tests such as turbine shaft vibration tests to identify wear and plan maintenance are a form of diagnostic testing. Evaluation and trending of test results A good testing program will record test results and maintenance actions taken. These data will be evaluated for trends and serve as the basis for decisions on appropriate testing frequency, the need to replace or upgrade equipment, and performance improvement opportunities. Types of maintenance for which testing can be used Maintenance falls into the following four categories: Preventive maintenance — Changes to the existing system so as to reduce the risk of failure while operating. Corrective maintenance — Correcting problems while using the system. Perfective maintenance — Enhancements (modifications) to improve the safety, reliability, efficiency, or cost-effectiveness of operation. Adaptive maintenance — Adaptations to address requirements that crop up due to changes in the environment or new regulations. Performance; Performance See also auto mechanic Preventive maintenance reliability engineering Product Lifecycle Management Maintenance
5377316	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ridge%20School	The Ridge School	The Ridge School is a private, preparatory school for boys situated in Westcliff, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. Situated in Johannesburg and established in 1919, The Ridge is a South African boys' preparatory school. The school grounds, some 19 acres, are located on Westcliff ridge, with views over Parktown and the surrounding suburbs. The Ridge School hosts three separate classes per grade level, ranging from Grade 0 through to Grade 7. External links The Ridge School official site Boys' schools in South Africa Schools in Johannesburg Nondenominational Christian schools in South Africa Private schools in Gauteng 1919 establishments in South Africa
5377321	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Suchop%C3%A1rek	Jan Suchopárek	Jan Suchopárek (born 23 September 1969) is a Czech football coach and former defender, who is head coach of the Czech Republic national under-21 football team. He played for Czechoslovakia and later the Czech Republic, playing a combined total of 61 international matches, scoring 4 goals. Suchopárek was a participant at UEFA Euro 1996, where the Czech Republic won the silver medal. He scored in the group stage against Russia and played in the UEFA Euro 1996 Final, where the Czech Republic lost to Germany. At club level, Suchopárek played for Prague teams Dukla and Slavia before moving to France, where he played for RC Strasbourg. He finished his career in the Czech Second League, where he played for Kladno. Playing career Early career Suchopárek was born in Kladno. In his country, he played for Dukla Prague before moving on to SK Slavia Prague, where he played from 1991 to 1996. In this time he captained the title-winning team in the 1995–96 Czech First League, as well as being involved in Slavia's progression to the semi final stage of the 1995–96 UEFA Cup. EURO 1996 Suchopárek played in the Czech Republic's opening game of the UEFA Euro 1996 tournament, a loss to Germany. He picked up a yellow card in the next group match against Italy, which the Czechs won against expectations, by a 2–1 scoreline. Suchopárek scored with a header in the last group match against Russia, which finished 3–3 and meant that the Czech Republic advanced to the quarter-finals of the tournament. Suchopárek was shown the yellow card in the first minute of the quarter final match against Portugal, which the Czechs went on to win 1–0 thanks to a Karel Poborský strike. However, since he had received two yellow cards in the tournament, Suchopárek was one of four Czech players to miss the semi-final clash with France due to suspension. He returned to the team for the final against Germany, although again the Germans prevailed, winning 2–1 thanks to a golden goal in extra time. Time abroad Suchopárek was one of players from the Czech squad at UEFA Euro 1996 who left the Czech Republic to play in another country after the tournament, signing for RC Strasbourg in July 1996. During his time playing club football abroad, Suchopárek continued to represent his national team, playing the complete 90 minutes of seven consecutive games in UEFA Euro 2000 qualifying. However, despite the Czech Republic qualifying, Suchopárek missed the UEFA Euro 2000 tournament due to a knee injury. Following three years in France with Strasbourg and a further year in Germany at Tennis Borussia Berlin, Suchopárek returned to the Czech Republic to play for Slavia Prague again in 2000. Return to the Czech Republic Suchopárek captained Slavia during his second spell. He had surgery in March 2001 following a tear of meniscus, being the second knee operation he had within a year. In 2001, following Slavia's exit from the 2001–02 UEFA Cup in the first round, Suchopárek was sent to the "B" team of Slavia due to inadequate performances. He later moved to SK Kladno to finish his playing career in the Czech 2. Liga. While playing for Kladno in 2004, Suchopárek dislocated his shoulder attempting a bicycle kick. Suchopárek retired from professional football following the end of the 2004–05 Czech 2. Liga, in which Kladno finished fourth and missed promotion to the Czech First League on the last day of the season. Non-playing career During his time at Kladno, Suchopárek started studying for the UEFA Pro Licence, which he completed after two years. Following his playing career, Suchopárek became a coach at SK Kladno, where he remained until 2010, when he moved to FK Dukla Prague to become assistant to Luboš Kozel. He is also a coach for the Czech Republic national under-21 football team. At the end of the 2015–16 season, Suchopárek left Dukla, along with Kozel, following the expiry of their contracts. He was named as the new head coach of the Czech Republic national under-19 football team, replacing Pavel Malura. Honours Club Dukla Prague Czechoslovak Cup: 1989–90 Slavia Prague Czech First League: 1995–96 Czech Cup: 2001–02 Strasbourg Coupe de la Ligue: 1997 Czech Republic UEFA European Championship runners-up: 1996 References External links 1969 births Living people Sportspeople from Kladno Czech footballers Czech Republic international footballers Czechoslovak footballers Czechoslovakia international footballers Dual internationalists (football) Czech expatriate footballers Association football defenders Czech First League players Ligue 1 players 2. Bundesliga players Dukla Prague footballers SK Slavia Prague players RC Strasbourg Alsace players Tennis Borussia Berlin players SK Kladno players Expatriate footballers in France Expatriate footballers in Germany UEFA Euro 1996 players Czechoslovak expatriate footballers Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in France Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Germany Czech football managers
5377341	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussein%20Ali%20Duale	Hussein Ali Duale	Hussein Ali Duale (), commonly known as Awil (Somali: Cawil), is a Somali diplomat and politician who served as the Finance Minister of Somaliland, and former ambassador of the Somali Democratic Republic to Kenya and Uganda. Duale was appointed as presidential advisor on Foreign Affairs and International Recognition to Somaliland to former President Ahmed Mohamed Mohamoud and Senior Adviser to the President Muse Bihi Abdi to negotiate with Somalia. He is considered a great expert on the affairs of the Horn of Africa. Biography Hussein Ali Duale was born in Hargeisa and went to school in Aden. He received his training as a military cadet in the United Kingdom and returned as a commissioned officer in time for Somaliland's independence in 1960. In 1961 along with several British trained officers, Duale took part in an aborted coup in northern Somalia (now Somaliland) to restore its sovereignty, as the result of the unbalanced union with Italian Somaliland in 1960. The coup was put down by soldiers loyal to the Somali Republic and after a lengthy trail, all the officers were acquitted of treason charges and subsequently retired from active service. However, in 1964, in the first Somalia/Ethiopia war, Duale was returned to active service and saw action in the southern sector of that particular military engagement. After the brief "war", he entered the diplomatic service and held several positions at various Somali Republic embassies. In 1973, Duale was appointed to head the defunct Somali Democratic Republic's embassy in Kampala. This was the height of Idi Amin's reign in Uganda. In 1977 Duale was recalled from his post in Kenya to take part in the Somali/Ethiopian war. Ambassador Awil who had opposed the war, defected to Kenya, but later returned to Somaliland in the 1990s. He published his memoirs in 2005. On September 2nd 2016, Duale launched his third book "Raad Raac Taariikh Soomaaliyeed" in Hargeisa, Somaliland. Works From Barre to Aideed: Somalia – the agony of a nation. Nairobi, Kenya: Stellagraphics Ltd., 1994. Search for a new Somali identity. Nairobi: H. A. Dualeh, 2002. References Works cited External links Somaliland: Stability amid economic woe BBC News 22 March 2005, Retrieved 25 October 2010 YouTube 3 September 2016, Retrieved 6 September 2016 Living people Somaliland politicians Finance Ministers of Somaliland Ambassadors of Somalia to Kenya Ambassadors of Somalia to Uganda Ethnic Somali people Somalian diplomats Year of birth missing (living people) People from Hargeisa
5377342	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwik%20M%C5%82okosiewicz	Ludwik Młokosiewicz	Ludwik Franciszek Młokosiewicz (August 25, 1831 – 1909) was a Polish explorer, zoologist and botanist, who studied extensively in the Caucasus Mountains and discovered various species of plants and animals. Life Młokosiewicz was born in Warsaw, into a wealthy and aristocratic family, son of Polish general Franciszek Młokosiewicz. He spent his childhood in Warsaw and Omięcin. At his father's request, from 1842 he attended the cadet corps in Brześć, however, not interested in a military career, he returned to Warsaw in 1846 and continued his education privately. At the age of twenty-two, when he had to do his compulsory military service in the Imperial Russian Army, he voluntarily joined its Caucasian Division, and in 1853 he was sent to Lagodekhi, on the south-eastern slopes of the Caucasus, in Georgia. He used his botanical talents to plant a regimental park, orchard and water garden at Lagodekhi. In 1861 he resigned from the army and travelled south to explore the deserts of Persia. On his return he was arrested by the Russians and charged with inciting revolt amongst the Poles in the Caucasus. Despite his innocence of the charges, he was sentenced to six years' enforced residence in the province of Voronezh, and his botanical collections were confiscated. In 1876 after restrictions had been lifted Młokosiewicz explored the mountains of Dagestan, and two years later returned to Persia, travelling as far as Balochistan. On his return he was appointed Inspector of Forests for the Signakhi District, remaining at Lagodekhi for the rest of his life. He supplied foreign museums with botanical and zoological specimens. He maintained contacts with museums and institutions in his hometown of Warsaw. Młokosiewicz discovered 60 species of plants and animals. Species that he discovered and that were named after him include the Caucasian black grouse (Tetrao mlokosiewiczi) and the golden peony (Paeonia mlokosewitschii). Beginning in 1889, Młokosiewicz urged the protection of the forested area at Lagodekhi; in 1912, three years after his death, the Russian viceregent in the Caucasus region declared what is now Lagodekhi Protected Areas. Młokosiewicz's other contributions include inventing a method to eradicate malaria in Georgia, which won him widespread respect among the local people, and assisting the Georgian people as a social activist, for example by founding an agricultural school. See also List of Poles Notes References Barbara and Richard Mearns, Biographies for Birdwatchers, Valdis Pilāts and Māris Laiviņš, "Historical Parallels of Moricsala and Lagodekhi—Two 100-Year Old Protected Nature Areas in Latvia and Georgia", Acta Biologica Universitatis Daugavpiliensis 13.2 (2013) 111–35, , pp. 21–22 1831 births 1909 deaths 19th-century Polish botanists Explorers of the Caucasus 19th-century Polish zoologists 19th-century explorers Polish explorers Scientists from Warsaw
5377355	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milan%20Luhov%C3%BD	Milan Luhový	Milan Luhový (born 1 January 1963 in Ružomberok) is a former football player. He played 31 matches for Czechoslovakia and scored seven goals. In his club career he played for Slovan Bratislava, Dukla Prague, Sporting Gijón, AS Saint-Étienne, PAOK Salonika and K. Sint-Truidense V.V. He won twice the Czechoslovak Cup, in 1982 with Slovan Bratislava and in 1985 with Dukla. In 1988 and 1989 he became the top goalscorer of the Czechoslovak First League. Luhový played regularly for the national team in the late 1980s. He appeared as a substitute for Czechoslovakia at 1990 FIFA World Cup, scoring their fifth goal in a 5–1 win over the USA in the first round. References 1963 births Living people People from Ružomberok Slovak footballers Czechoslovak footballers Czechoslovakia international footballers 1990 FIFA World Cup players ŠK Slovan Bratislava players Dukla Prague footballers Super League Greece players PAOK FC players La Liga players Sporting de Gijón players AS Saint-Étienne players Ligue 1 players Belgian First Division A players Sint-Truidense V.V. players Expatriate footballers in Spain Expatriate footballers in France Czechoslovak expatriate footballers Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Spain Expatriate footballers in Greece Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Greece Expatriate footballers in Belgium Slovak expatriate sportspeople in Belgium Slovak expatriate footballers Association football forwards MŠK Púchov players
3986900	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2004%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles	2004 Australian Open – Women's singles	Justine Henin-Hardenne defeated Kim Clijsters in the final, 6–3, 4–6, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2004 Australian Open. It was her third major title, and her third win over Clijsters in a major final, after her victory at the 2003 French and US Opens. Clijsters would eventually win the title seven years later. Serena Williams was the defending champion, but did not participate this year due to a left knee injury. Seeds Qualifying Draw Finals Top half Section 1 Section 2 Section 3 Section 4 Bottom half Section 5 Section 6 Section 7 Section 8 Championship match statistics External links 2004 Australian Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation Women's singles Australian Open (tennis) by year – Women's singles 2004 in Australian women's sport 2004 WTA Tour
3986902	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Nunn%20Award	Bill Nunn Award	The Bill Nunn Jr. Award is bestowed annually by the Professional Football Writers of America (PFWA) to a reporter for their "long and distinguished contribution to pro football through coverage". It is named after Bill Nunn Jr., who worked for 22 years at the Pittsburgh Courier. The award was created in 1969 and was originally named after Dick McCann, who was the first director of the Pro Football Hall of Fame. Presentation of the award is made annually at the Pro Football Hall Enshrinement Ceremony. Prior to 2014, the presentation was made at the Enshrinees Dinner. The list of Nunn Award honorees is sometimes referred to as the "writer's wing" of the Hall of Fame, despite not being named as hall of famers, getting gold jackets or bronze busts like the actual hall of famers. Award recipients See also J. G. Taylor Spink Award - sports writers (Baseball Writers Association of America) Pete Rozelle Radio-Television Award References Pro Football Hall of Fame American football trophies and awards Sports writing awards American journalism awards Awards established in 1969
3986910	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danielle%20Hampton	Danielle Hampton	Danielle Hampton is a Canadian television, theatre and film actress. In 2004 she starred as a regular cast member in the nationally televised soap opera Paradise Falls, playing the role of Charlene "Charlie" Piercy. In the same year she was also in the cast of Metropia playing Jordan. In 2005 she made guest appearances in Show Me Yours. Previous TV guest appearances include Kevin Hill (2004), Odyssey 5 (2002), and Code Name: Eternity. Her first film role was in Ginger Snaps. Other film credits include White Knuckles (2004), Detention (2003), and If Wishes Were Horses (2002) Early life Hampton's professional dance training began at age ten, and performed professionally before entering high school. She continued studying dance, while in high school at Earl Haig Secondary School in Toronto; and then subsequently at the George Randolph Academy. References Official web site for Paradise Falls - Contains profile of Danielle Hampton and her character Charlene (Charlie) Piercy. External links Danielle Hampton website Canadian film actresses Canadian soap opera actresses Canadian stage actresses Canadian television actresses Living people Year of birth missing (living people)
3986913	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B%C3%BClent%20Eczac%C4%B1ba%C5%9F%C4%B1	Bülent Eczacıbaşı	Bülent Eczacıbaşı (, born 1949) is a Turkish businessman. Currently, he serves as chairman of the board at Eczacıbaşı Holding, a prominent Turkish conglomerate. Background Bülent Eczacıbaşı was born in İstanbul in 1949 to Nejat Eczacıbaşı (1913–1993), founder of the Eczacıbaşı Group of Companies, and his wife Fatma Beyhan (née Ergene) (1923–2004) in Istanbul. He has a younger brother Faruk, who was born in 1954. Bülent Eczacıbaşı graduated from Imperial College London after his secondary education at the Deutsche Schule Istanbul. He obtained his master's degree in chemical engineering from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. After initiating his professional career in 1974 at Eczacıbaşı Holding, he held a variety of managerial positions in the Holding's subsidiaries. In 1995, he took on his current position as Chairman of Eczacıbaşı Holding. Bülent Eczacibasi is married to Oya Esener (born 1959), the daughter of Prof. Turhan Esener, who twice served as Turkey's Labour and Social Security Minister. They have a son, Nejat Emre, and a daughter, Esra, who work at Eczacıbaşı Holding. Both Bülent Eczacıbaşı and Oya Eczacıbaşı are major benefactors to the Istanbul Museum of Modern Art. Oya Eczacıbaşı is Chair of the Museum's board. Bülent Eczacıbaşı has received French and Italian awards of merit, respectively the “Chevalier dans l'Ordre National de la Légiond'Honneur” and “Commendatore dell'Ordine della Stella d'Italia”. He is the author of "A Rip in the Sea: New Responsibilities for Business" (2020), a book about his experiences in business and the new roles and responsibilities of business leaders. Bülent Eczacıbaşı is also an avid photographer, and in 2020, a selection of photographs he shot during his travels was published under the title "From the Road". Civic Involvement Bülent Eczacıbaşı has served at the senior level of prominent business associations, including TÜSIAD, the Turkish Industry and Business Association, where he was Chairman of the Board (1991-1993) and Chairman of the High Advisory Council (1997-2001) and the Turkish Pharmaceuticals Manufacturers Association (İEİS), where he was Chairman of the Board (2000-2008). He continues to serve both TÜSİAD and İEİS as Honorary Chairman. He is also an Honorary Member of the Foreign Economic Relations Board (DEİK) and Turkish Enterprise and Business Confederation (TÜRKONFED), and a member of the High Advisory Council of the Aegean Industry and Business Association (ESİAD). Additionally, Bülent Eczacıbaşı serves on the board of several major civic organizations. He is Chairman of the Board of Trustees of the Istanbul Modern Art Foundation, Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Istanbul Foundation for Culture and Arts (IKSV), and a member of the High Advisory Board of the Turkish Economic and Social Studies Foundation (TESEV), which he previously served as the Founding Chairman (1993-1997). References External links Eczacıbaşı Holding official website Deutsche Schule Istanbul alumni 1949 births Businesspeople from Istanbul Alumni of Imperial College London MIT School of Engineering alumni Turkish billionaires Bulent Museum founders Living people Turkish chief executives
3986926	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glenn%20Hoffman	Glenn Hoffman	Glenn Edward Hoffman (born July 7, 1958) is an American former Major League Baseball shortstop. coach, and manager. Hoffman had a nine-year playing career in the Majors, and was manager of the 1998 Los Angeles Dodgers for the last 88 games of the season. The native of Orange, California, threw and batted right-handed; he stood tall and weighed during his playing career. Playing career Hoffman attended Savanna High School of Anaheim, California, and was selected by the Boston Red Sox in the second round of the 1976 June draft. He played primarily at shortstop for the Red Sox from 1980 to 1987, when he was traded to the Dodgers on August 21. In 1988, he returned to the Red Sox' organization as a free agent but spent the entire season in the minor leagues. In 1989, he signed with the California Angels, but was limited to 48 games in his final MLB season. In 766 games played in the Majors, Hoffman collected 524 hits, with 106 doubles, nine triples and 23 home runs. He batted .242. Coaching/managing career After his playing career, Hoffman began coaching, and spent years (1991–1993; 1997–June 21, 1998) as a manager in the Dodger farm system; in between those terms he was field coordinator of instruction for the Dodgers' player development organization. He was in the midst of his second season as manager of the Triple-A Albuquerque Dukes in 1998 when the parent Dodgers, sitting in third place at 36–38 and games out of the lead in the National League West Division, fired manager Bill Russell and general manager Fred Claire. Hoffman was named interim manager (with Baseball Hall of Fame skipper Tommy Lasorda taking over the front office reins) on June 22. Hoffman led the Dodgers for the remainder of the season, compiling a 47–41 (.534) win–loss record; the team finished 83–79 and in third place, 15 games behind the eventual NL champion Padres. Davey Johnson was then named manager for 1999, and Hoffman was retained as third base coach, serving seven full seasons in the post for Johnson and his successor, Jim Tracy. Hoffman interviewed for the vacant Red Sox managerial job after the season when Grady Little's contract expired, but Boston instead hired Terry Francona. In 2006, Hoffman became the third base coach for the San Diego Padres; he served in this role for 15 seasons. On November 12, 2020, Hoffman retired from coaching and began working for the Padres front office in an advisory role. Personal Glenn Hoffman is the older brother of Hall of Fame closer Trevor Hoffman, the former all-time leader in saves, who spent seasons (1993–2008) with the Padres. Their late father, Ed, was a longtime usher at Anaheim Stadium and a professional singer who would often perform "The Star-Spangled Banner" before Angel games—especially as a "pinch hitter" when the scheduled singer could not appear. References External links 1958 births Living people Albuquerque Dukes players Baseball players from California Boston Red Sox players California Angels players Elmira Pioneers players Los Angeles Dodgers coaches Los Angeles Dodgers managers Los Angeles Dodgers players Major League Baseball shortstops Major League Baseball third base coaches New Britain Red Sox players Pawtucket Red Sox players San Antonio Missions managers San Diego Padres coaches Sportspeople from Orange, California Winter Haven Red Sox players Major League Baseball bullpen coaches
3986946	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pallidotomy	Pallidotomy	Pallidotomy is a neurosurgical procedure. It is used to treat Parkinson's disease and some other conditions, often as an alternative to deep brain stimulation. It involves placing a tiny electrical probe in the globus pallidus, one of the basal ganglia of the brain, to damage it. Unilateral pallidotomy can cause side effects including problems with language learning, visuospatial constructional ability, and executive functions. Bilateral pallidotomy is not effective, with many severe side effects. Uses Rationale The internal globus pallidus can be regarded as an "output structure" of the basal ganglia. It processes input from nucleus accumbens and the striatum, and sends input to the cerebral cortex via the thalamus. It is critical for the functioning of the basal ganglia. Parkinson's disease Pallidotomy is an alternative to deep brain stimulation for the treatment of the involuntary movements known as dyskinesias which can become a problem in people with Parkinson's disease after long-term treatment with levodopa — a condition known as levodopa-induced dyskinesia. Whilst it used to be used a primary treatment for Parkinson's disease, it has been mainly replaced by levodopa. Other conditions Pallidotomy may sometimes used to treat difficult cases of essential tremor as an alternative to deep brain stimulation. It may also be used for dystonia, and hemiballismus. Complications Unilateral posteroventral pallidotomy can be effective at reducing Parkinsonism. However, it is associated with impaired language learning (if performed on the dominant hemisphere) or impaired visuospatial constructional ability (if performed on the non-dominant hemisphere). It can also impair executive functions. Bilateral pallidotomy will not reduce Parkisonistic symptoms. It will cause severe apathy and depression, along with slurred, unintelligible speech, drooling, and pseudobulbar palsy. The surgery itself can cause complications. Damage to a blood vessel may cause intracranial haemorrhage. Damage to the optic tract can cause a permanent vision problem. Pressure on brain tissue can induce a seizure. Technique Pallidotomy involves placing a tiny electrical probe in the globus pallidus, one of the basal ganglia of the brain. A craniotomy (temporary hole in the skull) needs to be created. The probe is guided based on stereotactic information, and sometimes magnetic resonance imaging. The globus pallidus is heated for a short time to destroy a small area of brain cells. History Pallidotomy has been used to treat Parkinson's disease since at least the 1950s. Older techniques involved occluding the anterior choroidal artery, with lower success rates and more side effects. References Neurosurgical procedures
3986948	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johan%20Collett%20Falsen	Johan Collett Falsen	Johan Collett Falsen (9 September 1817 – 2 September 1879) was a Norwegian jurist and politician. John Collett Falsen born in the town of Grimstad in Nedenes amt in southern Norway. He was the son of Hagbart Falsen and wife Aletta Fleischer. He was the grandson of Enevold de Falsen (1755–1808) as well as being the nephew of admiral Jørgen Conrad de Falsen (1785–1849), statesman Christian Magnus Falsen (1782–1830) and county governor Carl Valentin de Falsen (1787–1852). Falsen attended Bergen Cathedral School (1828). He graduated as cand.jur. from the University of Christiania in 1841. He worked as an attorney (prokurator) in Nedenes from 1846, and then in Trondhjem. In 1849 he moved to Drammen to work as an attorney there. He became involved in politics, serving as mayor of Drammen from 1853 to 1859 and in 1861. He was first elected to the Norwegian Parliament in 1859, representing the urban constituency of Drammen. In 1861 he was appointed County Governors of Nordre Bergenhus amt (now Sogn og Fjordane). He first resided at Lærdalsøyri, but bought a farm in Leikanger in 1862. He thus became the first County Governor to live in Leikanger, where the county administration is located today. While stationed here, he was elected to Parliament for two more terms; in 1865 and 1868. He left the County Governor position in 1869 to pursue a career in national politics. In February 1870 Falsen was appointed Minister of Justice and the Police. His tenure ended on 29 June the same year; two days later he was appointed to the Council of State Division in Stockholm. On 1 August 1871 he was reassigned again, this time as Minister of the Navy and Postal Affairs. Only two months later, on 1 October, he was appointed Minister of Justice again. He held this post until 1 September 1872, when he was appointed Minister of the Interior. He held this position for exactly one year; then he returned to the Council of State Division in Stockholm. Exactly one year after that, he was appointed to his third period as Minister of Justice. He held this post until his death in September 1879, except for a period between 1 August 1877 and 1 August 1878, when he was assigned to the Council of State Division in Stockholm. Falsen was appointed a Commander of the Order of St. Olav, a Grand Cross of the Swedish Order of the Polar Star and a Grand Cross of the Danish Order of the Dannebrog. References 1817 births 1879 deaths People from Aust-Agder People educated at the Bergen Cathedral School University of Oslo alumni Government ministers of Norway Members of the Storting County Governors of Norway Mayors of places in Buskerud Politicians from Drammen Sogn og Fjordane politicians Recipients of the St. Olav's Medal Grand Crosses of the Order of the Dannebrog Commanders Grand Cross of the Order of the Polar Star Ministers of Justice of Norway
3986952	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keetoowah%20Nighthawk%20Society	Keetoowah Nighthawk Society	The Keetoowah Nighthawk Society was a Cherokee organisation formed ca. 1900 that intended to preserve and practice traditional "old ways" of tribal life, based on religious nationalism. It was led by Redbird Smith, a Cherokee National Council and original Keetoowah Society member. It formed in the Indian Territory that was superseded by admission of Oklahoma as a state, during the late-nineteenth century period when the federal government was breaking up tribal governments and communal lands under the Dawes Act and Curtis Act. The Nighthawks arose in response to weakening resolve on the part of Cherokee leaders—including the original Keetoowah Society (Cherokee: ᎩᏚᏩ ᎤᎾᏙᏢᎯ), a political organization created by Cherokee Native American full bloods, in or about 1859—to continue their resistance on behalf of the Cherokee after the Dawes Commission began forcing the transfer of Oklahoma tribal lands in the Indian Territory to individual ownership in the 1890s (a process termed allotment). Soon after forming, the Keetoowah Nighthawk Society grew to as many as 5,500 members, but they could not forestall the changes made by the Dawes Commission. In 1900 its representatives came to an allotment agreement with Cherokee leaders. After doing so, the Commission enrolled the generally non-compliant Nighthawks in the tribe without obtaining their consents, and registered them for allotments. In 1902, arrested Redbird Smith was arrested and also compelled to enroll for allotment. The Nighthawks would not acknowledge these forced commitments, and as other Cherokee become citizens of Oklahoma (statehood, November 16, 1907), the traditionalists, believing that "acculturation represented the greatest threat to [their] people," fled to hilly areas near Blackgum Mountain (in present-day Sequoyah County, Oklahoma). There, on the strength of their commitment and numbers—and using the record of Cherokee and Keetoowah history of a sacred wampum belt that they had located—the remaining Nighthawks "strove to preserve the ancient Cherokee culture;" in 1908 they elected Smith as chief for life. But, as Michael Lee Weber notes, "his movement had already declined," and by the end of 1918, "Redbird Smith, 'the moving spirit'" of their society, had died. Hence, the Keetoowah Nighthawk Society became, alongside the original Keetoowah Society, a spiritual core of the Cherokee people during the years of the early 1900s, in the Indian Territory that would eventually become a part of Oklahoma. Etymology The word "Keetoowah" is the name of an ancient Cherokee Township in the Eastern Homeland of the Cherokee, where all Cherokee originated after the migration and integration of various groups from the Great Lakes and Ozark Plateau Regions of the United States 3,000 years ago, based upon cultural and archaeological evidence. There is also evidence in the modern culture to suggest that the ancient Keetoowah developed an ancient hereditary priesthood called the Ah-ni-ku-ta-ni, who were a religious ruling class of the Keetoowah people and Cherokee Society for thousands of years. According to Cherokee legend, when the population grew too large to sustain the Mother city, groups moved to new areas and created new Cherokee Communities and Mound Cities. The residents of the city of Keetoowah called themselves "the Keetoowah People". The ancient site of the Mother City of Keetoowah is still visible in Western North Carolina in the same general area as the Qualla Boundary. Keetoowah was an ancient "Mound" city and the central earthwork mound is still visible at the ancient townsite. Moundbuilding was not confined to the Cherokee, but was a common construction method of various Mississippian cultures and earlier peoples for thousands of years throughout the Mississippi Basin. Some Cherokee traditionalists refer to themselves as Ah-ni-ki-tu-wa-gi (spelled variously in local Oklahoma dialects as Ki-tu-wa or Gi-du-wa), Keetoowah People. The addition of the verb stem modifier "gi" indicates the word Ki-tu'-wa-gi means, "a gathering or putting together of the Ki-tu'-wa people", since "gi" means "to combine" in the Cherokee Language. Most modern Cherokee speakers can no longer translate the word "Ki-tu-wa," as the meaning of the word has been lost. Ki-tu-wa means "the mother city" or "the center (spiritual center)" in the ancient Ah-ni-ku-ta-ni dialect. The word Ki-tu'-wa-gi, implies a religious or social gathering of the people. Honoring the mother city was analogous to honoring Selu, the Cherokee Corn Mother of the ancient Green Corn Ceremony, a concept that pervades Cherokee culture. During the Green Corn Ceremony as practiced by the Cherokee, one of the two social dances performed is of ancient origin, and originated from the mother city of Keetoowah. The dance is called ye-lu-le which means "to the center". During this dance, all of the dancers shout ye-lu-le and move towards the fire in the center of the sacred dance circle . The dance symbolizes the dispersal of the sacred fire given to the Keetoowah people by the Creator and the Thunder Beings in their ancient legends. During traditional Green Corn ceremonies, the Cherokee carried the coals of the central fire in Keetoowah to all the Cherokee communities; the coals were used to kindle the ceremonial fires for the dances in each Cherokee City or township. The home fires in outlying Cherokee communities were extinguished before the ceremonies and re-lit from the coals of the fire kindled during the Green Corn dances. History The Cherokee Nation was divided by the Dawes Commission in the 1890s. The Dawes commission was tasked to force assimilation and breakup of tribal governments within Oklahoma by instilling the concept of land ownership among individual households of the Five Civilized Tribes. The commission divided large sections of land into household allotments to eliminate the traditional governments of the Cherokee and other tribes, which were based on communal holding of land. As a consequence of the Dawes Commission programs, the Cherokee culture and society was destabilized and strictly controlled. The federal government appointed chiefs of the tribe, who were reduced to administrators and carried out government programs intended to force assimilation of the Cherokee. As part of assimilation, during the late 19th and early 20th centuries, the government sponsored Indian boarding schools, where Cherokee and other Native American children attended away from their families. They were prohibited from speaking their own languages or practicing their own religions and cultures. Over time, much of the Cherokee culture was lost. The remaining Cherokee during this period in history begin to adopt and integrate cultural practices of other tribes who were being forcibly removed into Oklahoma Territory. Redbird Smith To resist the cultural erosion, Redbird Smith and other Cherokee leaders and elders formed a secret society, the Keetoowah Nighthawk Society, where they secretly practiced the traditional ceremonies and gatherings. This group aimed to preserve much of the pre-removal culture, ceremonies, and beliefs of the Cherokee. Redbird Smith was an influential Nighthawk member who revitalized traditional spirituality among Cherokees, beginning in the late 19th century. He was born July 19, 1850, near the city of Fort Smith, Arkansas to parents traveling with other Cherokee to the Indian Territory from Georgia. His father, Pig Redbird Smith, was a devoted supporter of the Long House's group of eastern Indians' ancient rituals, customs and practices. His mother, Lizzie Hildebrand Smith, was from a prominent Cherokee family. During Redbird's childhood, his father committed him to the service of the Cherokee people in harmony with the ancient customs, and eventually he became chairman of the council. In 1889 the Redbird Movement began, splitting from Keetoowah to create Keetoowah Nighthawk, a renewed and modernized Keetoowah Society that was more political, holding meetings at the ceremonial areas known as gatiyo (stomp grounds). Descendants of the late chief John Ross reintroduced Cherokee wampum belts to the Keetoowah. Although the Keetoowah Nighthawks were unsuccessful in forestalling the allotment of communal lands, they strongly opposed the program of allotment of the Cherokee tribal lands that the government had agreed to do, with much passion. In 1908, the Keetoowah Nighthawk Council held an election. As a result, Redbird Smith was chosen as chief and was known as the leader of the Keetoowah Nighthawk Society. Redbird Smith, great-grandfather of former Cherokee Nation Principal Chief Chadwick "Corntassel" Smith, stated in the early 1900s: His goal was to retain all that was lost from the Keetoowah. He was eventually jailed, along with some followers, for resistance to the land allotment and registration of tribal members. Smith died in 1918, along with the Redbird Movement. In modern times The Keetoowah Nighthawk Society has been revived by the Cherokee in Oklahoma. In Redbird Smith's time, there were more than 20 Cherokee Stomp Grounds; the seven ceremonial dance grounds in Oklahoma today belong either to the Keetoowah tradition or the Four Mothers Society. The society is fractured and is not affiliated with any particular Cherokee Nation, Band, or Tribe. Members of the fragments of the original society are affiliated with many Cherokee communities in Oklahoma. Some of the modern groups claiming to represent the original Keetoowah culture have integrated Christianity and various new age beliefs into their religious practices. In popular culture and media The KJRH-TV documentary, Spirit of the Fire (1984) documented the history of the Keetoowah Nighthawk Society, recounting their preservation of traditional ceremonies and rituals practiced and by the early Oklahoma Cherokee people. See also Cherokee removal Trail of Tears The Trail of Tears: Cherokee Legacy (film, 2006) Redbird Smith Original Keetoowah Society Cherokee Cherokee Nation References and notes Further reading Text from renowned Native American writer R.J. Conley, accompanying D. Fitzgerald's photographic work. Book length work (324 pages), appearing to be the dissertation work of University of Oklahoma anthropology doctoral student D.J. Myers. External links Spirit of the Fire Video Red Bird Smith and the Keetoowah Society." Access Genealogy, Web. 21 Oct. 2011. History of the Cherokee Cherokee Nation (1794–1907) Native American rights organizations Native American religion
3986959	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmond%20Jouhaud	Edmond Jouhaud	Edmond Jouhaud (; 2 April 1905 – 4 September 1995) was one of four French generals who briefly staged a putsch in Algeria in April 1961. Early life Edmond Jouhaud was born on 2 April 1905 in French Algeria. He was a descendant of early Algerian pioneers in Limoges, in France. Military career Edmond Jouhaud entered the École spéciale militaire de Saint-Cyr in 1924. With the rank of commanding officer, Jouhaud led the resistance against German occupation in the region of Bordeaux since 1943. He fled to Britain in March 1944 to join the Free French Forces. As army general he had been the inspector general of the Air Force in French North Africa. After the failure of the putsch, he became the deputy of Raoul Salan in the Organisation armée secrète. While Salan fled to Spain, Jouhaud remained out of loyalty to his birthplace. Jouhaud was captured in March 1962 and rapidly sentenced to death by a military court. However, after his OAS superior Salan was given only a prison sentence in a civilian court, opinion turned against executing him. He called for the remaining activists of OAS to end their terrorist campaign, and after a harrowing five-month period of uncertainty his sentence was commuted by Charles de Gaulle. He was released in 1967. He was rehabilitated by a law passed in 1982 under the presidency of François Mitterrand. Jouhaud was one of the most decorated officers in the French military prior to participating in the putsch. Death Jouhaud died on 4 September 1995. References \|- 1905 births 1995 deaths People from Oran Province People of French Algeria Pieds-Noirs French people of Corsican descent French Air Force generals Chiefs of the Staff of the French Air and Space Force French Resistance members French military personnel of World War II French military personnel of the First Indochina War French military personnel of the Algerian War Members of the Organisation armée secrète Grand Officiers of the Légion d'honneur Recipients of French presidential pardons Migrants from French Algeria to France
3986960	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marilyn%20Warren	Marilyn Warren	Marilyn Louise Warren (born 1951) is a former Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of Victoria and Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria, Australia. Early life Warren grew up in the Melbourne suburb of Sandringham, and was educated at the Kilbreda Convent in Mentone. She later studied law at Monash University, graduating B.Juris (Bachelor of Jurisprudence) and LL.B. (Hons) (Bachelor of Laws with Honours) in 1973 and 1974 respectively and Master of Laws in 1983. In April 2004, she was made an honorary Doctor of Laws by Monash University. Warren was a champion squash player, winning the University's women's championship ten years in a row. She also represented the State of Victoria three times, in a team which won the Australian championships three years running. Professional career Warren completed her articles of clerkship with a solicitor for the Government of Victoria as the first female articled clerk in public service in Victoria. After her admission to practise in 1975, Warren worked as a solicitor in the government sector until 1985, during which time she served as Deputy Secretary of the Law Department of Victoria, and was a senior policy adviser to three attorneys-general of Victoria, namely Haddon Storey QC, John Cain and Jim Kennan SC. She was called to the Victorian Bar in 1985 and practiced as a barrister in areas such as commercial and administrative law. From 1986 to 1994, Warren was a member of the Law Reform Committee of the Victorian Bar. On 25 November 1997, Warren was appointed a QC. Judicial office On 13 October 1998, Warren was appointed a judge in the Trial Division of the Supreme Court of Victoria. A representative of the Victorian Bar, giving Warren the customary welcome to new judges, said "We at the Bar look forward to the days of the Warren Supreme Court in this State," alluding to the high reputation of the Supreme Court of the United States under Earl Warren, and recognising Warren's own talent. As a judge, Warren presided over cases in all of the court's lists, but particularly the Commercial List, of which she was the judge in charge from 2000. Warren was appointed Chief Justice of the Supreme Court (thus becoming Chief Justice of Victoria) on 25 November 2003. She is the first female chief justice in any of the states and territories of Australia. At her ceremonial welcome to that office, the Attorney-General of Victoria, Rob Hulls, recognised Warren's work in advocating equality of opportunity for women lawyers, and described her as "an eminent jurist, [who] will be an unparalleled and inspirational leader of this Court." Warren retired on 1 October 2017, and was succeeded by Anne Ferguson. Warren was also Lieutenant-Governor of Victoria (2006-2017), President of the Victorian Law Foundation, Chair of the Judicial College of Victoria, Chair of the Council of Legal Education, Chair of the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine, Chair of the Courts Council of Victoria and Chair of the Judicial Commission of Victoria. Academic career In January 2018, Warren was appointed a Vice-Chancellor's Professorial Fellow at Monash University, Victoria, Australia. Honours Queen's Counsel in and for the State of Victoria (1997) Companion of the Order of Australia (2005) for service to the judiciary and to the legal profession particularly the delivery and administration of law in Victoria, to the community in areas affecting the social and economic conditions of women and to forensic medicine internationally. Monash University Distinguished Alumni of the Year (2014) Leading cases Leading cases or judgements handed down by Warren include: Bayley Walk Pty Ltd v Bayley Views Pty Ltd [2006] VSC 213 – Mareva orders Kane Constructions Pty Ltd v Sopov [2005] VSC 237 – repudiation of contracts and unjust enrichment Re: OG, a lawyer [2007] VSC 520 – striking off legal practitioner Kirkland-Veenstra v Stuart & Ors [2008] VCA – public authority liability Personal life Warren chooses to ride a bicycle to work when she can, despite the fact that her job comes with a chauffeur, and she is a regular bushwalker. She is also apparently known for playing Tchaikovsky's 1812 Overture at high volume while travelling between courts. See also Judiciary of Australia List of judges of the Supreme Court of Victoria References 1951 births Chief Justices of Victoria Australian women judges Living people Lawyers from Melbourne Australian Queen's Counsel Companions of the Order of Australia Monash Law School alumni Lieutenant-Governors of Victoria Judges of the Supreme Court of Victoria 21st-century Australian judges 20th-century Australian judges Women chief justices 20th-century Australian women 21st-century Australian women 20th-century women judges 21st-century women judges
5377365	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STS-126	STS-126	STS-126 was the one hundred and twenty-fourth NASA Space Shuttle mission, and twenty-second orbital flight of the Space Shuttle Endeavour (OV-105) to the International Space Station (ISS). The purpose of the mission, referred to as ULF2 by the ISS program, was to deliver equipment and supplies to the station, to service the Solar Alpha Rotary Joints (SARJ), and repair the problem in the starboard SARJ that had limited its use since STS-120. STS-126 launched on 15 November 2008 at 00:55:39 UTC from Launch Pad 39A (LC-39A) at NASA's Kennedy Space Center (KSC) with no delays or issues. Endeavour successfully docked with the station on 16 November 2008. After spending 15 days, 20 hours, 30 minutes, and 30 seconds docked to the station, during which the crew performed four spacewalks, and transferred cargo, the orbiter undocked on 28 November 2008. Due to poor weather at Kennedy Space Center, Endeavour landed at Edwards Air Force Base on 30 November 2008 at 21:25:09 UTC. Crew Crew notes Joan E. Higginbotham was originally scheduled to fly on STS-126, she was previously Mission Specialist 4 on STS-116. On 21 November 2007, NASA announced a change in the crew manifest due to Higginbotham's decision to leave NASA to take a job in the private sector. Stephen G. Bowen was originally assigned to STS-124 but was moved to STS-126 to allow Discovery to rotate Greg Chamitoff with Garrett E. Reisman. Mission payloads STS-126 was scheduled to be a sixteen-day mission with four spacewalks (EVA), largely dedicated to servicing and repair of the Solar Alpha Rotary Joints (SARJ). An additional docked day was added to the flight plan to give the crew more time to complete their tasks. The starboard SARJ had shown anomalous behavior since August 2007, and its use has been minimized pending diagnosis and repair. Both the port and starboard SARJs were serviced. In addition to lubricating both bearings, the remaining 11 trundle bearings in the starboard SARJ were replaced. Trundle bearing assembly No. 5, one of the 12 assemblies, was removed during an Expedition 16 EVA for further examination in December 2007. STS-126 included the Leonardo Multi-Purpose Logistics Module (MPLM) on its fifth spaceflight. Leonardo held over of supplies and equipment. Among the items packed into the MPLM were two new crew quarters racks, a second galley (kitchen) for the Destiny laboratory, a second Waste and Hygiene Compartment (WHC) rack (lavatory), the advanced Resistive Exercise Device (aRED), two water reclamation racks, spare hardware, and new experiments. Also included in Leonardo was the General Laboratory Active Cryogenic ISS Experiment Refrigerator, or GLACIER, a double locker cryogenic freezer for transporting and preserving science experiments. The shuttle also carried irradiated turkey, candied yams, stuffing and dessert for a special Thanksgiving meal at the station, as well as an Official Flight Kit with mementos for those who supported the astronauts and helped them complete their mission successfully. Also carried was a Lightweight MPESS Carrier (LMC) carrying a Flex Hose Rotary Coupler (FHRC) and returning a Nitrogen Assembly Tank from Quest for refurbishment. Educational outreach STS-126 carried the signatures of over 500,000 students that participated in the 2008 Student Signatures in Space program, jointly sponsored by NASA and Lockheed Martin. In celebration of Space Day last May 2008, students from over 500 schools signed giant posters, their signatures were scanned onto a disk, and the disk was flown on the STS-126 mission. The Student Signatures in Space project has been active since 1997, and has flown student signatures on seven other shuttle flights, starting with STS-86. Agricultural camera (AgCam) Also aboard STS-126 was the Agricultural Camera (AgCam) which was installed in the Destiny module and is used to assist farmers and provide educational opportunities for students around the country. Students and faculty at the University of North Dakota built the Agricultural Camera (AgCam), that was to be delivered and installed on the International Space Station. The students will operate the camera from their campus and work with NASA engineers and station astronauts to take visible and infrared light images of growing crops, grasslands, forests and wetlands in the Great Plains and Rocky Mountains regions. The information from AgCam provided data to agricultural producers in North Dakota and neighboring states, benefiting farmers and ranchers and providing ways for them to protect the environment. AgCam imagery also may assist in disaster management, such as flood monitoring and wild fire mapping. Cow embryos and pig cells in space STS-126 also flew the first bovine embryos as well as porcine embryonic stem cells on an American spacecraft for an experiment to evaluate effects of the environment of space on embryonic development. The project was a joint project of ZeroGravity Inc., University of Florida and USDA ARS. Mission background The mission marks: 155th NASA crewed space flight 124th Space Shuttle mission since STS-1 99th post-Challenger mission 11th post-Columbia mission 22nd flight of Endeavour 27th shuttle mission to the ISS 31st night launch Shuttle processing Space Shuttle Endeavour was moved from the Orbiter Processing Facility (OPF-2) at Kennedy Space Center to the Vehicle Assembly Building (VAB) on 11 September 2008. Rollout to launch pad 39B took place overnight on 18 September 2008 and was completed at 12:00 UTC on 19 September 2008. Endeavour was originally moved to launch pad 39B ahead of the normal schedule to be on standby as the Launch on Need (LON) flight for STS-125. In the event that something happened to Atlantis during its flight to service the Hubble Space Telescope, a rescue flight could be performed with Endeavour. With both Atlantis and Endeavour on the pads, it was the 18th time that two flight-ready orbiters were in position at both launch pads at the same time. On 29 September 2008, NASA announced that due to a problem with the Hubble telescope, they would be revising the manifest to postpone STS-125 until 2009, so a solution to the issue with the telescope could be integrated into the flight plan. This moved STS-126 to the next flight, so on 23 October 2008 Endeavour was moved from launch pad 39B to 39A. The payload for STS-126, including the MPLM Leonardo, arrived at launch pad 39A early on 22 October 2008. Mission timeline Launch preparations The countdown to launch began on 11 November 2008 and the crew flew in from Johnson Space Center (JSC) to the Kennedy Space Center to prepare for the launch. On 12 November 2008, Mission Management Team (MMT) Chairman LeRoy E. Cain announced that the MMT gave the official "go" for Endeavours launch on 13 November 2008 and Ferguson and Boe practiced landings in the Shuttle Training Aircraft (STA). Weather reports on 13 November 2008 gave a 70% chance of acceptable weather conditions for launch. 14 November (Flight day 1, Launch) Filling of the external tank with liquid hydrogen and liquid oxygen propellants started at 15:30 UTC on 14 November 2008. After suiting up into the launch and entry suits, the crew left the Operations and Checkout Building (O&C) in the Astrovan and arrived at the launch pad at 21:22 UTC. At 21:30 UTC, the crew began ingress into the orbiter, and by 22:25 UTC, all crewmembers were in their seats and performed communications checks with the ground control personnel. At 23:00 UTC, the closeout crew closed and locked Endeavours hatch, and the orbiter's cabin was pressurized in preparation for launch. Despite a last minute issue with the white room closeout door not being fully secured, NASA Launch Director Michael D. Leinbach polled the team, determined the door did not pose a hazard to the orbiter or crew, and told the crew "Good luck, Godspeed and have a happy Thanksgiving in orbit". Endeavour lifted off on time at 00:55:39 UTC. External tank separation occurred at 01:03 UTC. After reaching orbit, the crew began working through the post-insertion timeline, which included opening the orbiter's payload bay doors, deploying the Ku-band antenna, powering up and activating the shuttle robotic arm (Canadarm), and performing a burn of the Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS). 15 November (Flight day 2) The second day in space for the crew was devoted to completing the initial inspection of Endeavours heat shield. Using the shuttle's robotic arm (Canadarm) and the Orbiter Boom Sensor System (OBSS), the crew took detailed images of the exterior of the orbiter for the image analysis team to review. The crew also continued to prepare for docking with the station on 16 November 2008, by extending the docking ring, installing the centerline camera, and organizing the tools needed for rendezvous with the station. The crew also performed a checkout of the spacesuits that will be used for the spacewalks during the mission. During the Mission Management Team briefing, LeRoy E. Cain noted that upon initial review of the ascent imagery, a small piece of thermal blanket appeared to come loose under the left Orbital Maneuvering System (OMS) pod, but explained that the area is not in an area of concern, as it does not experience high heat during reentry. During the Mission Status briefing, lead Flight Director Mike Sarafin said that after having the crew focus the camera on the left OMS pod, it did not appear that there was any damage, but the image analysis team would take a closer look at the area. Two issues with the orbiter's Ku-band antenna were noted by Cain, although he stated they would not impact the mission. The antenna was not handing over from Ku to S-band automatically as it should, which meant that teams on the ground had to manually switch the antenna from Ku- to S-Band and back again. Sarafin noted that this was likely a software issue, and would not affect the crew on board, or the mission. The other issue had to do with the antenna's failure to "lock on" to satellite targets after being given the pointing data. Instead, the antenna was drifting, which meant that the teams on the ground would have to use an alternate method of pointing the antenna. There was a possibility that the shuttle crew would need to use a backup procedure during rendezvous with the station, but it was not a concern, and would not change the timeline, Cain noted. 16 November (Flight day 3) After waking up, the crew set to work preparing for the rendezvous and docking with the station. The orbiter performed a final burn of the engines at 19:27 UTC to refine the approach, and by 21:00 UTC, the shuttle was in position below the station to allow the station crew to photograph the underside of the orbiter. Ferguson guided the shuttle manually through the Rendezvous pitch maneuver (RPM) while station crew used and cameras to take high-resolution images of the thermal tiles on Endeavour. The images were downlinked to NASA's image analysis team to assist in the evaluation of the thermal protection system of the orbiter. After the RPM was complete, Ferguson guided the orbiter into a safe docking at 22:01 UTC, and the hatches were opened at 00:16 UTC. Upon entering the station, Ferguson joked "Hey, we figured we'd go for a 10-year anniversary party for the space station, so that's what we showed up for". Ferguson was referring to the 20 November 1998 launch of Zarya, the first component of the International Space Station. After the two crews exchanged greetings, they performed a safety briefing, and then set right to work, beginning transfers and preparing for robotic operations. At 02:50 UTC, Chamitoff and Magnus officially switched positions, with the swap of their Soyuz seatliners. Chamitoff joined the STS-126 crew as a Mission Specialist, and Magnus officially became the Flight Engineer 2 for Expedition 18. During the mission status briefing, LeRoy E. Cain stated that the image analysis team was still evaluating the ascent imagery, but that the vehicle looked very clean, and the only event that was seen on launch, the area under the left OMS pod, appeared to have been ice. The images taken during the flight day two survey showed that all of the thermal blankets in that area were intact, as were the tiles. Cain stated that the item did not strike the orbiter, it was the only event that the Mission Management Team was still evaluating, and that the orbiter was in good shape. Sarafin confirmed that the Ku-band antenna performed properly in radar mode, and docking was carried out without any problems with the antenna. 17 November (Flight day 4) Following the wake-up call, the two crews began the procedures to move the Leonardo MPLM out of the orbiter's payload bay to install it on the Earth-facing port of the Harmony module. Using the station's Canadarm2, Pettit and Kimbrough began maneuvering the container around 16:45 UTC, and by at 18:04 UTC it was locked in place. After performing leak checks, the hatch was opened at 23:43 UTC. The crews took air samples and examined the container for any signs of condensation or shifting of the contents during launch. The container had no issues, and transfer of cargo between the container and the station began shortly after the hatch was opened. The team also worked on experiments that were flown with Endeavour, including one that involves observing spiders and butterflies in space. The experiment from Florida, Texas and Colorado schoolchildren is being conducted to compare spider webs created in microgravity with those on Earth. The insects will be returned to Earth with the shuttle for additional study. Later in the day, the crew members reviewed spacewalk procedures to prepare for the first of the four planned EVAs. Piper and Bowen began the protocol known as the "campout" prior to their sleep period. Camping out consists of spending the night in the Quest joint airlock at lower air pressure (70.33 kPa (10.2 psi)) to lessen the time needed to acclimate to the environment in the spacesuits. During the Mission Management Team briefing, Cain confirmed that the orbiter's wing leading edge had been cleared, and that no focused inspection would be required. The time that was scheduled for that inspection on day six would instead be spent working on the station's new water reclamation unit. While the image analysis team was still reviewing the imagery from the day two inspection and RPM, Cain said the orbiter was "doing extremely well", and expected the image analysis team to clear it for re-entry within a day. Cain noted that the imagery from the external tank showed it to be extremely clean, with only three small areas of foam loss noted. During the Mission Status briefing, ISS Deputy Program Manager Kirk Shireman noted the upcoming ten-year anniversary of the International Space Station. Shireman reviewed the progress and advancements that have come from the project, and reviewed some of the major milestones. Thirty Progress vehicles have visited the station, seventeen Soyuz vehicles, twenty-seven space shuttles, and one Automated Transfer Vehicle (ATV). One hundred sixty-four people had visited the station from fourteen nations prior to STS-126, (167 once STS-126 docked) and on 20 November 2008, the tenth anniversary, Shireman said the station will have orbited the Earth 57,509 times, for a total distance of over . 18 November (Flight day 5) Following their post-sleep period, the crews set to work preparing for the first spacewalk of the mission. Stefanyshyn-Piper and Bowen were suited up and in the airlock ahead of schedule, and the EVA started at 18:09 UTC, with Piper becoming the first female Lead Spacewalker. While Piper was preparing to begin work on the SARJ, she noticed a significant amount of grease in her tool bag, "I think we had a grease gun explode in the large bag, because there's grease in the bag", Piper reported to Kimbrough, who was working inside the shuttle to help coordinate the EVA. Mission Control managers instructed Piper to clean up the grease using a dry wipe, and while she was doing the cleanup, one of the crew lock bags floated away. "I guess one of my crew lock bags was not transferred and it's loose", Piper told Kimbrough. The bag floated aft and starboard of the station, and did not pose a risk to the station or orbiter. After taking an inventory of the items inside the lost bag, managers on the ground determined that Bowen had all those items in his bag, and the two could share equipment. While it extended the EVA duration slightly, the major objectives were not changed, and all EVA tasks were accomplished. The estimated value of the lost tool bag was US$100,000. An amateur astronomer later observed the tool bag as it orbited the Earth prior to re-entering. It was not the first time that equipment had got away from spacewalkers, items lost in the past include tools, nuts and bolts, glue guns, cameras, cloths, and even a robotic arm. The United States Space Surveillance Network constantly monitors over 12,500 items in orbit around the Earth. During the Mission Status briefing, lead ISS Flight Director Ginger Kerrick noted that there was no way to know what caused the bag to come loose. "We don't know that this incident occurred because they forgot to tether something. We don't know if perhaps the hook just came loose inside the bag", Kerrick said. "You've got to remember, we are working with humans here and we are prone to human error. We do the best we can, and we learn from our mistakes". Kerrick noted that the team would be taking extra precautions to avoid any further problems with the grease guns, by attaching them to the outside of the bags instead of inside to prevent the plungers from being inadvertently activated. 19 November (Flight day 6) Flight day six was devoted to transfer operations, and the two crews worked through the morning to complete all the rack transfers. Magnus and Chamitoff successfully installed the two crew quarters racks into the Harmony node, and installed a rack with equipment to be returned to Earth into the MPLM. During the Mission Status briefing, Lead ISS Flight Director Ginger Kerrick noted that all the racks were now on station, and about 25% of the cargo transfers had been completed, which was slightly ahead of schedule. The two crews also began working on activating the Water Recovery System, so that samples of water from two areas could be taken and returned to Earth with Endeavour. The system's initial checkout was initiated, and water samples would be taken after several days of operation. Later in the day, the two crews reviewed procedures for the mission's second EVA, and Stefanyshyn-Piper and Kimbrough would sleep in the station's airlock as part of the pre-EVA campout procedure. 20 November (Flight day 7) On the tenth anniversary of the International Space Station, Stefanyshyn-Piper and Kimbrough successfully conducted the mission's second spacewalk. The EVA was 6 hours and 45 minutes in duration, and all tasks were accomplished without complications. Two crew equipment carts were relocated in preparation for the arrival of the final set of solar arrays, the station's robotic arm was lubricated, and the work on the starboard SARJ continued. Inside the station, crewmembers continued to transfer cargo from Leonardo to the station, items to be returned to Earth into the MPLM, and continued the activation of the Water Recovery System. 21 November (Flight day 8) Following the crew wake up call, the two crews set to work on the day's planned activities. Fincke and Magnus tested latches on the Exposed Facility Berthing Mechanism for the Japanese Kibo laboratory. Magnus continued with the installation of the Total Organic Carbon Analyzer (TOCA), while engineers on the ground worked through troubleshooting of the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA). The component initially ran on the evening of 20 November 2008, but shut itself down during that initial test, and shut down again the following morning after two hours of operations. Engineers were considering if the issue was a problem with the sensors, or with the centrifuge motor. At 17:10 UTC, Ferguson and Boe used the shuttle's engines to reboost the station's altitude, raising it by about to prepare for the next Progress arrival. The two crews also participated in the traditional Joint Crew News Conference, answering questions from reporters around the world, and took the traditional crew photo. Cargo transfers continued between the vehicles, and the crew was about 75% complete with all transfers to and from the MPLM. After a bit of off-duty time, the two crews participated in an EVA review, in preparation for the mission's third spacewalk. Piper and Bowen spent the night in the Quest airlock for the campout prior to the next day's spacewalk. 22 November (Flight day 9) After awakening, the two crews prepared for the mission's third EVA, which began at 18:01 UTC. The entire spacewalk was devoted to completing the cleaning, lubrication, removal and replacement of the trundle bearings assemblies in the starboard SARJ. The final trundle bearing assembly installation was deferred to the fourth EVA, but all other tasks scheduled were accomplished without any issues. Stefanyshyn-Piper's fifth EVA moved her to the twenty-fifth spot in cumulative EVA time with thirty-three hours, forty-two minutes. On the station, the crews continued to work on transfer operations, and continued work on the water reclamation system. During the Mission Status briefing, lead ISS Flight Director Ginger Kerrick noted that a sample was taken from the Water Processor Assembly that contained 10% urine and 90% condensate, and would be returned to the ground with the shuttle. Kerrick noted that if activation of the system continued on schedule, a sample from the potable water dispenser would be taken on flight day eleven (24 November 2008). The ground crew continued to troubleshoot the Urine Processor Assembly, looking at whether there is a sensor touching part of the system's centrifuge as it rotates, which might be causing it to slow down. 23 November (Flight day 10) The two crews continued transfer operations, and Finke and Pettit worked together to reconfigure the Urine Processing Assembly (UPA) to try to dampen any vibration that may be contributing to the unit's shutting down prematurely. The unit has continued to operate sporadically, shutting itself down after two to three hours of operations, and the engineers on the ground are still evaluating the possible causes and solutions. Managers on the ground would make a decision on 24 November 2008 on whether to extend Endeavours mission by one docked day, to help with the troubleshooting of the Water Recovery System (WRS). The Endeavour crew had several hours of off-duty time, and participated in media interviews. 24 November (Flight day 11) Following the wake-up call, the two crews got to work preparing for the mission's final spacewalk. Bowen and Kimbrough officially began the EVA at 18:24 UTC. Shortly before the spacewalk began, managers on the ground radioed up to the crew that the Mission Management Team had approved an extra docked day of operations for the crews, extending the mission to sixteen days. The extra time was being given to allow the crews more time to resolve the issues with the Urine Processing Assembly. The spacewalk successfully concluded after 6 hours and 7 minutes, bringing the total time spent in EVA activities for the mission to 26 hours, 41 minutes. 25 November (Flight day 12) The crews dedicated most of the day to completing the transfer of supplies from the space station to Endeavour and Leonardo. The starboard Solar Alpha Rotary Joint was automatically tracking the Sun for the first time in more than a year during a three-hour, two-orbit test that was initiated at 10:55 UTC. The Urine Processor Assembly completed its second full five-hour run. During the Mission Status briefing, International Space Station Program Manager Mike Suffredini noted that the water recycling system appeared to be functioning normally after the modifications performed by the crew on orbit. Additional water samples were taken, and the crew would be bringing home approximately six liters of sample water for extensive testing. The crew on the station would not be drinking any of the water until the engineers and scientists on the ground had a chance to thoroughly analyze the samples taken. Suffredini also noted that while the goal of the EVA activities to perform maintenance on the starboard SARJ was to allow it to operate "periodically", the initial test showed encouraging results, and the lubrication and other work done by the spacewalkers may allow for more routine operations than originally expected. It should be weeks before a more complete assessment could be given, the joint should need to be put through more testing, as well as analysis of the results from engineers on the ground, but Suffredini was encouraged by the initial results. 26 November (Flight day 13) Pettit and Kimbrough used the station's Canadarm2 to move Leonardo from the Harmony module and placed in the shuttle's cargo bay at 21:52 UTC. Stefanyshyn-Piper packed up equipment and supplies used for the four spacewalks and moved them to Endeavour for return, while Magnus continued work on the station's new regenerative life support system. She drained a condensate collection tank to create the optimum ratio of condensate and distillate from the Urine Processor Assembly (UPA), and gathered additional water samples for testing. 27 November (Flight day 14) In their final day of joint operations, the two crews had some off-duty time, spoke to reporters, and shared a Thanksgiving day meal together. Following the meal, the crews worked on last minute transfers, and gathered in the Harmony node to bid farewell. The hatches between the two vehicles were closed 23:31 UTC, with the crew of Endeavour reviewing the procedures and tools they would use the next day for undocking, scheduled for 14:47 UTC. 28 November (Flight day 15) Endeavour undocked from the International Space Station at 14:47 UTC. The total docked time was 11 days, 16 hours, and 46 minutes, making it the second-longest docked shuttle mission to the station, after STS-123's 11 days, 20 hours and 36 minutes. Pilot Eric Boe maneuvered the shuttle through a flyaround inspection of the complex, but the final separation burn was delayed to avoid bringing the shuttle near the remains of a Russian Cosmos satellite that broke apart in March 2008. While the burn would have only brought them about from the debris, Flight Director Mike Sarafin noted during the Mission Status briefing that "Per the flight rules, it was the safe course of action to not perform that burn". The burn was instead completed at 23:23 UTC. After separating from the station, the crew of Endeavour conducted an inspection of the shuttle's heat shield with the robotic arm, Canadarm. 29 November (Flight day 16) Following the late inspection of Endeavours heat shield, the Mission Management Team officially cleared the orbiter for re-entry. The crew spent the day preparing for landing, performing inspections and checkout of the shuttle's flight control surfaces and reaction control system thrusters. Near the end of the crew's day, a Department of Defense satellite, Picosat, was deployed. The satellite tested two new types of photovoltaic solar cells, to determine their effectiveness for generating power. Due to a less than favorable forecast for Kennedy Space Center on 30 November 2008 that was not expected to improve by 1 December 2008, mission managers decided to call up Edwards Air Force Base for the first day of landing opportunities. There were two KSC opportunities, with two more opportunities for Edwards later in the day. If the first two opportunities at KSC were called off due to weather, Bryan Lunney, Entry Flight Director stated during the Mission Status Briefing that they would take the Edwards opportunities; the weather was not likely to improve, so there would be no reason to delay landing for a day. The forecast at KSC called for thunderstorms within of the landing site, as well as high crosswinds, both conditions that would violate the weather constraints for landing. 30 November (Flight day 17, Landing) After awakening, the crew of Endeavour got to work preparing for reentry. While working through the deorbit timeline, Entry Flight Director Bryan Lunney, after reviewing the weather, waved off the first KSC landing opportunity due to excessive crosswinds on the runway. After evaluating the weather, the second KSC landing opportunity was also waved off, as the weather was "no go" and forecasted "no go" per the landing weather requirements. Lunney continued to watch the weather for possible changes in Monday's weather forecast prior to making the decision whether to land at Edwards, or wait one day to get a Kennedy landing, but following further analysis of the projected weather in Florida for Monday, Lunney decided to take the first Edwards Air Force Base landing opportunity. The deorbit burn was initiated at 20:19 UTC, and the orbiter landed at Edwards Air Force Base at 21:25 UTC. STS-126 was the only mission to land on the temporary runway 04 at Edwards Air Force Base, as the main runway was completing refurbishment. The use of the temporary runway required new braking and rollout techniques that have never been used before, as the runway is shorter than the normal runway. This was the last landing at Edwards for Endeavour. Endeavour was returned to Florida on top of one of NASA's Shuttle Carrier Aircraft, arriving back at the Kennedy Space Center on 12 December 2008 after a three-day cross-country trip. Extravehicular activity (EVA) Four spacewalks were scheduled and completed during STS-126. The cumulative time in extravehicular activity during the mission was 26 hours and 41 minutes. Wake-up calls NASA began a tradition of playing music to astronauts during Project Gemini and have been using it to wake up a flight crew since Apollo 15. Each track is specially chosen, often by their families, and usually has a special meaning to an individual member of the crew, or is applicable to their daily activities. Contingency mission The Contingency Shuttle Crew Support mission which would have been launched in the event that Endeavour became disabled during STS-126 would have been performed by Discovery. It would have been a modified version of the STS-119 mission of Discovery, which would have involved the launch date being brought forward, but the goal would have been to carry STS-119's full payload and complete the mission as planned, in addition to rescuing the crew of STS-126. Media See also 2008 in spaceflight List of human spaceflights List of International Space Station spacewalks List of Space Shuttle missions List of spacewalks 2000–2014 Outline of space science Space Shuttle program References External links STS-126 Mission Page STS-126 Image Gallery STS-126 animations Space.com's STS-126 page Spaceflightnow.com's STS-126 page NASA SpaceFlight.com's STS-126 page collectSPACE.com's STS-126 page Slow scan TV timelapse animation of flyaround following undocking YouTube video of picosat deployment from the shuttle Space Shuttle missions Edwards Air Force Base Spacecraft launched in 2008 Spacecraft which reentered in 2008 Articles containing video clips
3986963	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Florence%20Lassandro	Florence Lassandro	Florence Lassandro (; born Filumena Costanzo ; 1900 – May 2, 1923) was an Italian-Canadian bootlegger who was the only woman to be hanged in Alberta. Early life Lassandro was born in Cosenza, Italy, immigrating with her family to Canada in 1909, and marrying Carlo Sanfidele (who later changed his surname to Lassandro) on October 16, 1915 in Fernie, British Columbia. Sanfidele worked for Emilio Picariello as a chauffeur and hotel manager for Picariello. Sanfidele and Lassandro also worked with Picariello in his bootlegging operations, when Prohibition was declared in Alberta in 1916, and 1917 in British Columbia. Lassandro was also Picariello's mistress. Picariello was an entrepreneur based in Blairmore, Alberta. He was engaged in many legal businesses including manufacturing ice cream and operating the Alberta Hotel in Blairmore; however this became a front for his bootlegging activity. Charlie Lassandro was one of Picariello's employees, and permitted Lassandro to work with Picariello to smuggle alcohol from British Columbia to Alberta and Montana. Murder and hanging Picariello's son became involved in a police chase on September 21, 1922, during which he was shot in the hand by Constable Stephen O. Lawson of the Alberta Provincial Police. Picariello had assumed that his son had been killed when he heard a rumour that he had been shot and went to confront Lawson. In Coleman, Picariello and Lassandro confronted Constable Lawson, who was fatally shot in front of his home by the pair. Both Picariello and Lassandro were arrested the following day, and were convicted for Lawson's murder; however, the trial was a questionable affair of who actually shot Lawson. Nevertheless, both were sentenced to hanging on December 2, 1922; they unsuccessfully sought clemency from the courts, the Justice Minister, and the Prime Minister. Originally scheduled to hang on February 21, 1923, Lassandro and Picariello were hanged on the gallows of Fort Saskatchewan penitentiary on May 2, 1923, with Lassandro's last words being "I forgive everybody." Picariello was popular in Alberta, and public opinion was on the side of Picariello and Lassandro on the day of their executions with many feeling that the death sentences handed down by the court to be excessively harsh in view of the mitigating circumstances. The executions of Picariello and Lassandro are credited with helping to turn public opinion against Prohibition in Alberta. On February 1, 2003, Canadian composer John Estacio, and Canadian librettist John Murrell, premiered, in Calgary, Alberta, Filumena, an opera based on Lassandro's life and death. The opera was performed at the Banff Centre for the Arts in August 2003; was featured in Ottawa, Ontario in April 2005, during the Alberta Scene Festival, which celebrated Albertan culture during the centenary anniversary; and, in November 2005, was the opening work of the 2005/2006 season of the Edmonton Opera in Edmonton, Alberta. The Canadian Broadcasting Corporation broadcast a performance of this opera on March 9, 2006. References Further reading External links Filumena Opera Website Alberta Scene Website Italian emigrants to Canada Executed Canadian people People executed for murder People executed by Canada by hanging Italian people executed abroad Executed Italian women Executed Canadian women Canadian people convicted of murder Italian people convicted of murder People convicted of murder by Canada Italian people convicted of murdering police officers Canadian people convicted of murdering police officers People executed for murdering police officers 1923 deaths Crowsnest Pass, Alberta Bootleggers Prohibition-era gangsters 1900 births Executed Italian people Canadian female murderers Canadian gangsters of Italian descent Canadian people of Calabrian descent
5377367	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copella%20%28fish%29	Copella (fish)	Copella is a genus of freshwater fish belonging to the family Lebiasinidae, native to South America, known colloquially to aquarists as splashing tetras or splash tetras, because of the unique reproductive method of the best-known representative of the genus, Copella arnoldi. They are not as closely related to the tetras proper in the Characidae as initially believed. Copella species are found in assorted slow-moving tributaries in the Amazon basin, Orinoco and The Guianas. Description These fish are elongated in shape, with scales marked in such a way as to make visual differentiation of individual scales easy by simple naked-eye observation. The pectoral fins are positioned immediately behind the operculum or gill cover, while the pelvic fins are further back along the body, about midway between the head and the caudal peduncle. The dorsal fin is positioned above and slightly behind the pelvic fins, and midway between the pelvic fins and the tail fin is the anal fin. The tail fin is forked in shape. Males usually possess more elongated and ornate unpaired fins than females. In the case of C. arnoldi, the tail fin of the male is somewhat asymmetrical, the upper lobe being larger than the lower lobe, and this modification of the more usual symmetrical tail fin shape (tail fin symmetry is a characteristic of the majority of fishes belonging to the Actinopterygii) is linked to the reproductive activity of the species. Species Originally, numerous species belonging to this genus were placed in the genus Copeina. Taxonomic revisions taking place in 1994 and afterwards have moved all of these fishes into Copella. The currently recognized species in this genus are: Copella arnoldi Regan, 1912 (splash tetra) Copella carsevennensis Regan, 1912 Copella compta G. S. Myers, 1927 Copella eigenmanni Regan, 1912 Copella meinkeni Zarske & Géry, 2006 Copella metae C. H. Eigenmann, 1914 Copella nattereri Steindachner, 1876 (spotted tetra) Copella nigrofasciata Meinken, 1952 Copella vilmae Géry, 1963 (rainbow copella) Unusual breeding behaviour in C. arnoldi Though the majority of fishes of this genus spawn in a conventional fashion among fine-leaved aquatic plants, C. arnoldi (and any undescribed relatives) is unique among fishes in that it lays its eggs on plants out of water. The male displays to passing females beneath overhanging vegetation growing beside its native waters, and when a receptive female accepts the invitation to spawn, she positions herself directly alongside the male, and the pair leaps out of the water together, attaching themselves by fin suction to the underside of a leaf. The pair then produces and fertilises 6-8 eggs, before falling back into the water. This procedure is repeated until as many as 200 eggs are attached to the leaf. Once the egg mass is complete, the male positions himself among fine-leaved vegetation, watching the egg mass, and intermittently emerges from cover to splash the eggs with water using his asymmetrical tail fin to keep the eggs moist. Once the eggs hatch, the fry fall into the water from the leaf and swim for cover. As a consequence of this remarkable breeding behaviour, which is unique amongst the world's fishes, the members of the entire genus have come to be known colloquially as splashing tetras, though strictly speaking the only fish that deserves this epithet is C. arnoldi. References ==External links== Copella arnoldi fact sheet Splashing Tetra Fact Sheet Lebiasinidae Tetras Taxa named by George S. Myers Fish of South America
3986981	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Wolff	Craig Wolff	Craig Wolff is an American journalist and author and a former sports, feature, and news writer for The New York Times. He was a journalism professor at the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. He is also a former senior enterprise editor and writer at The Star-Ledger of Newark, N.J. While reporting for The New York Times, Wolff was part of the team that won the Pulitzer Prize for coverage of the 1993 World Trade Center bombing. He also covered the story of Tawana Brawley, which he and four of his colleagues turned into Outrage: The Story Behind the Tawana Brawley Hoax. He shared in a second Pulitzer Prize in 2017 as an editor for an investigative project examining an NYPD enforcement policy targeting people of color and minority-owned businesses; presented jointly to ProPublica and the New York Daily News. In 2003, he co-wrote My Heart Will Cross This Ocean: My Story, My Son, Amadou with Kadiatou Diallo, the mother of police brutality victim Amadou Diallo. It won a 2004 Christopher Award for "work that raises the human spirit." Beginning in 2001 Wolff has worked as an outside educator for Duke Corporate Education and the Fuqua School of Business, designing and delivering workshops and seminars for global companies, focusing on Storytelling, Cross-cultural Understanding, Relationship Building and The Power of The Question. He is the Executive Director of Verso Leadership, a corporate education company. Books Tennis Superstars: The Men Outrage: The Story Behind the Tawana Brawley Hoax My Heart Will Cross This Ocean: My Story, My Son, Amadou American male journalists American non-fiction writers Columbia University faculty Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism faculty New York University faculty Living people Year of birth missing (living people)
3986998	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spiritual%20Counterfeits%20Project	Spiritual Counterfeits Project	The Spiritual Counterfeits Project (also known as SCP) is a Christian evangelical parachurch organization located in Berkeley, California. Since its inception in the early 1970s, it has been involved in the fields of Christian apologetics and the Christian countercult movement. Its current president is Dr. Mark J Harris. In its role as a think tank, SCP has sought to publish evangelically based analyses of new religious movements, New Age movements, and alternative spiritualities in light of broad cultural trends. SCP has also been at the center of two controversial US lawsuits, one involving church-state issues (Malnak v. Yogi) and the other being a religious defamation case (Lee et al v. Duddy et al). Background The Spiritual Counterfeits Project began as a ministry within the Christian World Liberation Front, an outreach to students at the University of California, Berkeley. It was founded by Brooks Alexander, David Fetcho (who named the ministry), and Bill Squires. Both Alexander and Fetcho were converts to Christianity from the counterculture. Alexander had participated in the psychedelic drug usage of the counterculture, was an initiate of Transcendental Meditation, and lived in the famous Haight-Ashbury community in San Francisco. Fetcho had been involved with the Ananda Marga Yoga Society before converting to Christianity. History of SCP In 1973 Brooks Alexander and others distributed Christian leaflets at Millennium '73, a festival held at the Houston Astrodome by Guru Maharaj Ji's Divine Light Mission. That same year, Alexander, Fetcho and David Haddon launched a grass-roots campaign to oppose the practice of Transcendental Meditation in US public high schools. In 1975 the SCP was formally incorporated as an "independent Christian nonprofit organization." The four primary purposes of SCP included: "1. To research today's spiritual movements and critique them biblically. 2. To equip Christians with the knowledge, analysis, and discernment that will enable them to understand the significance of today's spiritual explosion. 3. To suggest a Christian response which engages the church with all levels of situation. 4. To bring the good news of Jesus Christ and extend a hand of rescue to those in psycho-spiritual bondage." Transcendental Meditation The campaign against Transcendental Meditation (TM) was premised on the grounds that transcendental meditation represented itself as a non-religious activity and was promoted as the Science of Creative Intelligence (SCI). The SCP staff maintained that transcendental meditation was not religiously neutral, and that its SCI was based on Maharishi Mahesh Yogi's Hindu faith. The SCP's Right On newsletter was the first to publish portions of the TM teacher's manual, including details of the Puja ceremony. The focal point for an anti-Transcendental Meditation campaign was a civil action lawsuit No.76-431 in the US District Court of New Jersey. The lawsuit known as Malnak v. Yogi contested whether transcendental meditation was religious or not, and if the former then it could not be taught in US public high schools. The plaintiffs, which included the SCP, presented evidence to show that the initiatory ceremony of transcendental meditation (known as the puja) was religious in nature and the practice of meditation presented as SCI involved chanting Hindu mantras. SCP's Brooks Alexander and Bill Squires, along with SCP's attorney Michael Woodruff, moved into the Malnak's home and provided research, fund raising, and legal support, respectively. Justice Curtis Meanor who presided over the case concluded that Transcendental Meditation/SCI are "religious in nature within the context of the Establishment Clause of the First Amendment of the United States Constitution, and the teaching thereof in the New Jersey public schools is therefore unconstitutional." On February 2, 1979, the Third Circuit of the United States Court of Appeals upheld the lower court's ruling. The success of this campaign catapulted the SCP into prominence among evangelical Christians in North America and internationally. Local church controversy In 1977 SCP published an 80-page booklet called The God-Men: Witness Lee and the Local Church. An expanded edition was published first in 1979 in German as Die Sonderlehre by Schwengeler-Verlag and then in 1981 in English as The God-Men: An Inquiry into Witness Lee and the Local Church by InterVarsity Press. In the book SCP alleged that the Local Church was both theologically and sociologically deviant. The dispute between the Local Church and SCP escalated into a lawsuit for defamation that was filed in Oakland, California in December 1980 and known as Lee et al v. Duddy et al. According to Bill Squires of SCP, the four and a half years of pre-trial preparations and depositions involved expenditure that brought SCP into legal debt with their defense lawyers. The parties were to appear in court on March 4, 1985, to schedule the start of the defamation trial. Squires said, "The law firm representing us withdrew from the case" and SCP decided to file for Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection. Squires stated, "That move imposed an immediate stay on the plaintiffs' action against us, thus ending the financial drain of litigation. On that day, SCP, while continuing its larger ministry, officially dropped out of the lawsuit." However, SCP’s version of these events has been disputed. While SCP's Chapter 11 filing was proceeding through California bankruptcy court, action against the German publisher and the second edition's primary author proceeded, resulting in a finding that the book was "in all major respects false, defamatory and unprivileged, and, therefore, libelous." The judge’s award of $11.9 million in damages was to that date the largest awarded in a libel case. Post-litigation history In the aftermath of the litigation SCP sharply reduced staff and services. In 1989 the entire editorial staff and many other staff members left, some over what they perceived as a radical shift in SCP’s ideology. In 2013 SCP left its office in Berkeley because of severe financial problems and established a virtual office in Pasadena, California. Tal Brooke moved to Hawaii but continued as SCP's president and editor of its newsletter. In July of 2021 Tal Brooke died of a stroke while in New Zealand, and SCP Vice-President Mark Harris took over as president and editor of SCP. References External links Official website Evangelical parachurch organizations Christian countercult organizations Christian organizations established in 1968 Religion in the San Francisco Bay Area Organizations based in Berkeley, California
3987001	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Edwards%20%28skater%29	Chris Edwards (skater)	Chris Edwards (born December 22, 1973) is an American former professional vert skater. Edwards was born in Escondido, California. He started skating when he was thirteen years old in 1986 and turned professional in 1995. Edwards resides in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. He was one of the early members of Team Rollerblade and is one of the most important early figures in aggressive skating. Edwards appears in the 1993 rollerblading film Airborne and the 2002 video game Aggressive Inline, which is available for the PlayStation 2, Xbox, and GameCube. Edwards has had some inline skates named after him: tarmac CE (Chris Edwards), Edwards Chocolate (street), Edwards Trooper (vert) and Edwards Daytona,"CE Speedsters", and the "CE Hermes" circa 1994 - 1999. He is considered by many of his peers and aggressive skaters in general to be the founding father of aggressive inline. Vert competitions 1999 X Games, San Francisco, California - Vert: 10th 1998 X Games, San Diego, California - High Jump: 2nd 1997 X Games, San Diego, California - Vert: 3rd 1997 X Games, San Diego, California - Vert: 2nd 1996 X Games, Providence, Rhode Island - Vert: 3rd 1995 X Games, Providence, Rhode Island - Vert: 4th References External links skatelog.com aggressive.com aggressive.com espn.go.com geocities.com acclaim.com uk.dk.com Vert skaters 1973 births Living people X Games athletes Aggressive inline skaters American roller skaters
5377390	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shootout%20at%20Lokhandwala	Shootout at Lokhandwala	Shootout at Lokhandwala is a 2007 Indian Hindi-language action thriller film directed and co-written by Apoorva Lakhia and co-written and co-produced by Sanjay Gupta, with Ekta Kapoor serving as producer and Suresh Nair serving as writer. Based on the 1991 Lokhandwala Complex shootout, a real-life gun battle between gangsters and the Bombay Police, it stars Amitabh Bachchan, Sanjay Dutt, Sunil Shetty, Vivek Oberoi, Tusshar Kapoor, Arbaaz Khan, Shabbir Ahluwalia, Rohit Roy, Amrita Singh and Dia Mirza in pivotal roles. Overview Aftab Ahmed "A. A." Khan, head of the ATS, attacked the Lokhandwala Complex on 16 November 1991, with a force of around 400 armed policemen. Dreaded gangster Maya Dolas was hiding in the complex. The leading protagonists in the film have slightly different names than their real-life counterparts, and the film caption is "based on true rumours." Plot The film opens with shots of brooms and dustpans cleaning dried blood, and cartridge casings in and around the Swati building at the Lokhandwala Complex. TVN reporter Meeta Matu (Dia Mirza) reports that some 3000 rounds of ammunition were discharged by a large police squad at a previously peaceful residential area. The film moves to the office of former chief justice turned private prosecutor Dhingra (Amitabh Bachchan), who interviews the three leading members of the Bombay Encounter Squad: Additional Commissioner of Police Shamsher S. Khan (referring to A. A. Khan, played by Sanjay Dutt), Inspector Kaviraj Patil (Sunil Shetty) and Constable Javed Sheikh (Arbaaz Khan). The main film timeline is the extended interview of the three officers by Dhingra; as the officers answer Dhingra's questions, the film flashes back to show the incidents. Dhingra asks about the Encounter Squad. Khan explains that he hand-picked 27 of Bombay police's best-enlisted men and officers. He borrowed the concept from the LAPD SWAT team to help combat crime. The film flashes back to show Khan selecting his men and putting them through intensive physical and mental training to be "fast, efficient and deadly." Dhingra is hardly impressed: he points out that if Khan "shoots to kill," he is no different from the gangsters he seeks to destroy. Dhingra asks why Khan felt he had to do this. Khan explains that following Operation Blue Star in 1984, several Sikh terrorists fled to Bombay and began establishing a base in the city. They engaged in violence, extortion, and other subversive tactics to grow their operations. The film flashes back to show Sub-Inspector Mhatre (Abhishek Bachchan), a very brave officer and disciple of Khan, pursuing and subsequently getting shot down by a group of Sikh terrorists. Khan is deeply frustrated when the Bombay police, mired in internal bureaucracy and corruption, fail to act. He obtains clearance from police commissioner Krishnamurthy (played by the real A. A. Khan) and sets out after the militants. Khan asks Meeta (Diya Mirza) to cover the incident so as to deter future terrorists. True to Khan's words, he successfully "encounters" (it indicates summarily gunning down criminals; extrajudicial killings is the term accepted internationally) the terrorists who shot PSI Mhatre. (As per A. A. Khan, the encounter with Khalistani extremists was more dangerous and tough than the Lokhandwala Complex shootout.) The film segues into the life of Maya (referring to Bombay gangster Mahindra Dolas though the film never mentions Dolas specifically; played by Vivek Oberoi). Maya is the second-in-command of the "big boss" in Dubai (a clear reference to Dawood Ibrahim though the film does not mention his name) and runs his criminal activities in Bombay. Maya recruits Bhua (referring to Dilip Buwa, played by Tusshar Kapoor) after successfully hatching a plot to eliminate Bhua's old gang led by Ashok Joshi. At this point, Maya and Bhua are at the top of Bombay's underworld, reporting directly to the big boss in Dubai. Things heat up when Khan recognizes, through his network of spies and informers, that Maya is responsible for several criminal and possibly terrorist activities. Around this time, Maya's ambitions, fuelled by his mother's (Amrita Singh) insistence, grow to the point where he wishes to assert his independence from Dubai and take over Bombay himself. Khan's ATS now focuses on eliminating Maya and Bhua, and begins a dangerous cat-and-mouse game where neither side shows any overt aggression but tries to disable the adversary by tactical maneuver. Khan launches "visits" to the criminals' families to try to "persuade" them to counsel the criminals to surrender. In turn, Maya and his men return the "visit" by approaching the cops in social situations. Maya visits Khan at a restaurant where Khan is having dinner with his family. Maya quietly tells Khan: "This is between your men and mine. Leave the families out of it." Khan retorts: "I did this to give you an opportunity to come clean. But now it appears that any resolution hangs off the barrel of a gun." Maya's rage intensifies when he gets thrown out by prominent city builder Wadhwani (based on real-life builder and politician Gopal Rajwani, owner of the building that the movie was set in). Maya had demanded 4 million protection money; Wadhwani claimed to deal directly with Dubai. Maya kidnaps Wadhwani's sniveling, overweight kid. When Wadhwani complains, the big boss asks Maya to cut it out and return the child immediately. Maya quietly informs the boss that he has upped his demands and that he wants to reign supreme in Bombay. The film also explores the personal lives of the protagonists. Khan's wife Rohini, (played by Neha Dhupia) is unable to bear the constant neglect of his family life. She files for divorce. Patil's divorce is nearly upon him, too. In the enemy camp, Buwa has shacked up with a bar dancer Tanu (Aarti Chhabria), and is unable to spend any quality time with her. Fellow criminals Phatu (estranged from his parents) and RC (played by Shabbir Ahluwalia; the character is plagued by ghost-like visions of an innocent family he gunned down) have similar troubles. It all comes to a head in November 1991. The five criminals, including Maya and Buwa, secure themselves while holding Wadhwani's kid, in a flat at Swati building in Lokhandwala. Khan is tipped off of the location by an informant. (In Dhingra's questioning, Khan allegedly also received a call from the big boss in Dubai. Khan vehemently denies this.) Khan assembles a large squad of cops and lays siege to the location. He announces over the bullhorn that residents are advised to stay indoors and bolt their windows. A long and devastating gun battle begins. The criminals launch rocket-propelled grenades from their flat and try to escape. But they are overwhelmed by police fire, and all five criminals are eventually slain. The battle lays waste to the building: Film shots show the staircases, hallways, and several civilian flats completely pulverized by gunfire. Reporter Meeta Matu covers the action live. Up to this point, Dhingra has been negative and denigrating of Khan and his efforts with the ATS. He cites press reports and civilian complaints that condemn Khan (and the ATS) of unilateral and unwarranted excessive force in a residential locality. Charges are brought against Khan and the ATS. But when Dhingra rises to defend them as their appointed counsel, he, in a surprising twist, presents an unconventional argument as a defence. The film ends with Khan and the ATS being acquitted. Cast Amitabh Bachchan as Defence Lawyer Dhingra Sanjay Dutt as Additional Commissioner of Police Shamsher S. Khan (based on Aftab Ahmed Khan) Suniel Shetty as Inspector Kaviraj "Kavi" Patil Vivek Oberoi as Maya Dolas Tusshar Kapoor as Bhua (based on Dilip Buwa) Neha Dhupia as Rohini Khan, Shamsher's wife. Shabbir Ahluwalia as RC Aditya Lakhia as Doubling Ravi Gossain as Aslam Kasai Rohit Roy as Fatim a.k.a "Fattoo" Akhilendra Mishra as JCP Tripathi Arbaaz Khan as Head Constable Jawed Sheikh Dia Mirza as News Reporter Meeta Mattoo Abhishek Bachchan as Sub-Inspector Mhatre (cameo appearance) Aarti Chabria as Tarrannum a.k.a "Tannu", bar dancer friend to Maya's gang and Bhua's love interest. Amrita Singh as "Aai", Maya's mother (based on Ratna Prabha Dolas) Shri Vallabh Vyas as Wadhwani, builder and dealer of "Dawood Ibrahim the big boss" (based on Gopal Rajwani) Aftab Ahmed Khan as Commissioner S. Krishnamurthy Rakhi Sawant (special appearance as an unnamed actress) Production Many scenes were shot on actual locations at the Lokhandwala Complex in Mumbai. There was a chase sequence with Sunil Shetty and Arbaaz Khan playing cops, and Ravi Gosain (Aslam Kesai) through Lokhandwala. It would have been difficult to shoot this sequence with the public around. Hidden cameras were used at five places, and the two actors ran 200 meters at the real location to can the scene. Controversy The film sparked much controversy regarding the fictionalised portrayal of the incident. Sikh groups complained about the wrongful portrayal of Sikhs as extremists. This led to Sikh groups wanting the film banned and "bitterly" opposing the film. Soundtrack The soundtrack for Shootout at Lokhandwala was released during April 2007 by T-Series. Awards and nomination 53rd Filmfare Awards Nomination: Best Villain – Vivek Oberoi 9th IIFA Awards Won: Best Villain – Vivek Oberoi Won: Best Action – Javed Sheikh and Ejaz 2008 Star Screen Awards Nomination: Star Screen Award for Best Villain – Vivek Oberoi 2008 Zee Cine Awards Nomination: Zee Cine Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Vivek Oberoi Stardust Awards Nomination: Stardust Award for Best Actor in a Negative Role – Vivek Oberoi Won: Stardust Standout Performance of the Year - Vivek Oberoi Nomination: Stardust Award for Best Music Director – Mika Singh Nomination: Stardust Award for Best Playback Singer – Mika Singh AXN Action Awards Won: Best Action film – White Feather Films Won: Best Action Actor – Sanjay Dutt Won: Best Action Actor in a Negative Role – Vivek Oberoi Won: Best Action Sequence – Javed Sheikh and Ejaz Sequel Director Sanjay Gupta (Director) confirmed a sequel of the film. In early 2012, it was announced that the sequel Shootout at Wadala would star John Abraham, Anil Kapoor, Kangana Ranaut, Tusshar Kapoor, Manoj Bajpayee and Sonu Sood. Abraham is featured as the lead protagonist gangster Manya Surve; Ranaut appears as his supportive girlfriend Vidhya Joshi, and Sood appears as Dawood Ibrahim. Remakes This film's Telugu film rights were bought by Dil Raju, and later confirmed it is still filming. See also Maya Dolas Dawood Ibrahim Aftab Ahmed Khan References External links 2007 films 2000s crime action films 2000s Hindi-language films Films set in Mumbai Indian crime action films Films about organised crime in India Indian films based on actual events Films set in 1991 Films scored by Anand Raj Anand D-Company Fictional portrayals of the Maharashtra Police Indian gangster films Balaji Motion Pictures films Action films based on actual events Indian historical action films Films directed by Apoorva Lakhia
5377397	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rolls-Royce%20Submarines	Rolls-Royce Submarines	Rolls-Royce Submarines, a subsidiary of Rolls-Royce plc, operates three sites licensed to handle nuclear material, two of which are at Raynesway in Derby, and the other at Vulcan Nuclear Reactor Testing Establishment (NRTE), Dounreay, UK. The Manufacturing Site was licensed in August 1960 and deals with processing of uranium fuel and the fabrication of Rolls-Royce PWR nuclear reactor cores for Royal Navy submarines such as the new . The Neptune/Radioactive Components Facility Site was licensed in November 1961 and houses the Neptune test reactor which is used to conduct experiments on reactor cores. It was created as a joint company in 1954 with the name Rolls-Royce and Associates; the associates being Vickers, Foster Wheeler and later Babcock & Wilcox. It changed its name on 15 January 1999 to Rolls-Royce Marine Power Operations Limited and is part of the marine business of Rolls-Royce plc. It changed its name again on 1 August 2018 to Rolls-Royce Submarines Limited. References External links HSE Nuclear Safety Review Rolls-Royce History Lecture (pdf) Scottish CND article about Raynesway nuclear safety Bird's Eye aerial photo of Raynesway's Neptune reactor test facility on UK Secret Bases website Companies based in Derby Marine engine manufacturers Nuclear technology in the United Kingdom Rolls-Royce
3987037	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Renaelva	Renaelva	The Rena or Renaelva is a river in Innlandet county, Norway. The long river runs through Rendalen and Åmot municipalities in Innlandet county. This river is a tributary of the large river Glomma. Kjøllsæter Bridge connects the east and west side of the river. The river Julussa flows from south through the Julussdalen valley and into the river Rena. The Rena watershed has a drainage area of . The river begins at the confluence of the rivers Tysla and Unsetåa which is just south of the Fonnåsfjellet mountain and just north of the village of Bergset. The river flows south through the lakes Lomnessjøen and Storsjøen and when the river reaches the village of Rena, just flows into the large river Glomma. A tunnel has been built to transport part of the water from the upper Glomma river into the Rena river in order to optimize the production of electricity by nearby power plants. See also List of rivers in Norway References Rendalen Åmot Rivers of Innlandet
5377398	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Society%20for%20Women%27s%20Suffrage	National Society for Women's Suffrage	The National Society for Women's Suffrage was the first national group in the United Kingdom to campaign for women's right to vote. Formed on 6 November 1867, by Lydia Becker, the organisation helped lay the foundations of the women's suffrage movement. Eliza Wigham, Jane Wigham, Priscilla Bright McLaren and some of their friends set up an Edinburgh chapter of this National Society. Eliza and her friend Agnes McLaren became the secretaries. Jacob Bright suggested in 1871 that it would be useful to create a London-based organisation to lobby members of parliament concerning women's suffrage. The Central Committee of the National Society for Women's Suffrage first met on 17 January 1872. The national society was furthered later by the National Union of Women's Suffrage Societies and the Women's Social and Political Union. References See also Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom History of feminism List of suffragists and suffragettes List of women's rights organizations List of women's rights activists Timeline of women's suffrage Women's suffrage organizations Liberal feminist organizations Women's suffrage in the United Kingdom Feminist organisations in the United Kingdom Feminism and history Women's organisations based in the United Kingdom 1867 establishments in the United Kingdom Suffrage organisations in the United Kingdom Organizations established in 1867 First-wave feminism British suffragists
5377400	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan%20Pass	Vulcan Pass	Vulcan Pass (, ) is a mountain pass in the Hunedoara county of Romania, on the Jiu valley. The nearby city of Vulcan is named after the pass. Mountain passes of Romania Mountain passes of the Carpathians
5377418	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo%20Knofl%C3%AD%C4%8Dek	Ivo Knoflíček	Ivo Knoflíček (born 23 February 1962) is a Czech football coach and a former player. He played for the Czechoslovakia national team, for which he played 38 matches and scored seven goals. At club level, he played mostly for Slavia Prague. Knoflíček played a total of 50 matches in the Gambrinus liga, scoring seven goals. He was a participant at the 1990 FIFA World Cup. References External links 1962 births Living people People from Kyjov Czech footballers Czechoslovak footballers Association football forwards Czechoslovakia international footballers Czech First League players SK Slavia Prague players FK Hvězda Cheb players 1. FK Příbram players VfL Bochum players FC St. Pauli players SK Vorwärts Steyr players Bundesliga players 2. Bundesliga players 1990 FIFA World Cup players Czech football managers SK Slavia Prague non-playing staff Association football coaches Czechoslovak expatriate footballers Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Germany Expatriate footballers in Germany Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Austria Expatriate footballers in Austria Sportspeople from the South Moravian Region
5377448	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorfinn	Thorfinn	Thorfinn (Þorfinnr) is a Scandinavian name, which originally referred to the god Thor and which survived into Christian times. Thorfinn may refer to: Thorfinn Torf-Einarsson (died c. 963), Earl of Orkney Thorfinn Karlsefni (), Icelandic explorer Thorfinn the Mighty or Thorfinn Sigurdsson (1009?–c. 1065), Earl of Orkney Thorfinn of Hamar (died 1285), Christian bishop and saint See also Torfinn, a related modern name Thorfinnsson Earl Thorfinn (disambiguation) Scandinavian masculine given names fr:Thorfinn (prénom)
5377449	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bennington-4%20Vermont%20Representative%20District%2C%202002%E2%80%932012	Bennington-4 Vermont Representative District, 2002–2012	The Bennington-4 Representative District is a one-member state Representative district in the U.S. state of Vermont. It is one of the 108 one or two member districts into which the state was divided by the redistricting and reapportionment plan developed by the Vermont General Assembly following the 2000 U.S. Census. The plan applies to legislatures elected in 2002, 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. A new plan will be developed in 2012 following the 2010 U.S. Census. The Bennington-4 District includes all of the Bennington County town of Manchester. As of the 2000 census, the state as a whole had a population of 608,827. As there are a total of 150 representatives, there were 4,059 residents per representative (or 8,118 residents per two representatives). The one member Bennington-4 District had a population of 4,180 in that same census, 2.98% above the state average. District Representative Jeff Wilson, Democrat See also Members of the Vermont House of Representatives, 2005-2006 session Vermont Representative Districts, 2002-2012 External links Vermont Statute defining legislative districts Vermont House districts -- Statistics Vermont House of Representatives districts, 2002–2012 Manchester, Vermont
5377450	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschel%20Girls%27%20School	Herschel Girls' School	Herschel Girls School is a private, weekly boarding and day school for girls, located in Claremont, a southern suburb of Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa. The school has pre-nursery through to grade 12 and is affiliated with the Anglican church, which owns the school buildings. The school, described as "one of the country's best-known schools for girls", is one of the top performing schools in South Africa, achieving the highest academic results in the country for National Senior Certificate exams in 2019. The purpose of Herschel Girls School is and always has been to provide an empowering education for girls and to be a leader in girls’ education and advocacy for women in South Africa. Herschel Girls School is one of the most expensive schools in South Africa. There are waiting lists for every grade, including pre-nursery. History Herschel was established in February 1922. The property belonged to VA Schonnberg, who, when he sold the main estate in 1834 to the astronomer Sir John Herschel, retained this portion of land and named it after his illustrious neighbour. In July 1921, the estate was bought by The English Church Schools Association, with the aid of a generous loan from John William Jagger, to provide for the needs of the many girls living in the Southern Suburbs who wished to attend a private school. The first Headmistress was Miss Morley Armitage Ralph, and the school opened on Wednesday, 1 February 1922, when the first seven boarders arrived. On the following day, Thursday, the roll call was taken and the first school day began with prayers led by Archbishop Carter. There were twenty-nine girls on the roll and seven staff members. Herschel’s first head girl was Enid Harsant. The formal opening was held two weeks later, on Thursday, 16 February 1922 and we still celebrate our Founder’s Day on the Friday closest to 16 February. The Honourable William Jagger would take delight in the proud institution that Herschel has become today. It is a school that enables its pupils to attain high academic achievement and become citizens who are able to make a difference in the society they enter. Although the school has a long tradition, it has remained innovative and relevant to changing educational needs. Notable alumnae Alide Dasnois, journalist and newspaper editor Margaret Elsworth, founder of the African Scholars' Fund and the African Scholars' Fund UK Sue MacGregor, BBC Radio 4 broadcaster Diana E. H. Russell, feminist scholar and activist Pauline Vogelpoel, arts administrator Zoe Beyers, BBC Philharmonic concertmaster See also List of boarding schools References External links Anglican schools in South Africa Boarding schools in South Africa Schools in Cape Town Private schools in the Western Cape Girls' schools in South Africa Educational institutions established in 1922 1922 establishments in South Africa
3987041	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Planet%20of%20the%20Vampires	Planet of the Vampires	Planet of the Vampires () is a 1965 Italian-Spanish science fiction horror film, produced by Fulvio Lucisano, directed by Mario Bava, that stars Barry Sullivan and Norma Bengell. The screenplay, by Bava, Alberto Bevilacqua, Callisto Cosulich, Antonio Roman and Rafael J. Salvia, was based on an Italian-language science fiction short story, Renato Pestriniero's "One Night of 21 Hours". American International Pictures released the film as the supporting film on a double feature with Daniel Haller's Die, Monster, Die! (1965). The story follows the horrific experiences of the crew members of two giant spaceships that have crash landed on a forbidding, unexplored planet. The disembodied inhabitants of the world possess the bodies of the crew who died during the crash, and use the animated corpses to stalk and kill the remaining survivors. The film was co-produced by AIP and Italian International Film, with some financing provided by Spain's Castilla Cooperativa Cinematográfica. Ib Melchior and Louis M. Heyward are credited with the script for the AIP English-language release version. Years after its release, some critics have suggested that Bava's film was a major influence on Ridley Scott's Alien (1979) and Prometheus (2012), in both narrative details and visual design. Plot Two huge interplanetary ships on an expedition into deep uncharted space receive a distress signal emanating from Aura, an unexplored planet. Both ships, the Galliott and the Argos, attempt to land on the surface of the fog-encased world. While entering the planet's atmosphere, the crew of the Argos becomes possessed by an unknown force and try to violently kill each other. Only Captain Markary has the will to resist, and is able to force all of the others aboard his ship out of their hypnotic, murderous state. After the Argos lands on the surface, the crew disembarks and explores the eerie landscape in search of the Galliott. Thick, pulsating mists, lit by ever-shifting eerie colors, saturate the terrain. When they finally arrive at the other ship, they find that the crew members have killed each other. Markary's younger brother, Toby, is among the dead. They proceed to bury as many of the corpses as they can, but several bodies are locked inside the ship's bridge. Markary departs to get tools for opening the sealed room, but the corpses disappear by the time he returns. Some of the Argos''' crew are found dead. Tiona sees their corpses walking in the ship, and becomes paralyzed with fear. Markary advises the survivors that they must escape from Aura. Unfortunately, the Argos incurred serious damage during the landing, and repairs will take time. During the waiting period that ensues, several more killings occur. In a private tape recording, Markary admits that he suspects none of them will survive. While exploring Aura, Wes discovers the ruins of a spaceship a few miles from the Argos. Markary, Sanya and Carter investigate. Inside the ship, they discover large skeletal remains of the long dead crew and thus realize that they are not the first ones to have been drawn to the planet by the distress beacon. Markary and Sanya are temporarily trapped inside the ship, but manage to escape and return to the Argos. Carter inexplicably vanishes. Two crew members of the Galliott, Kier and Sallis, arrive at the Argos to steal the ship's Meteor Rejector device. Kier escapes with the machine, but Markary fights Sallis. Markary tears open Sallis' uniform, exposing his putrescent body. He learns that Sallis' corpse is being manipulated by an Auran, who reveals that the two ships were lured to the planet in order for the Aurans to escape from their dying world. With the crew of the Galliott under their complete control, they plan to use the ship to escape to the humans' home planet. Markary vows to stop them. Markary and his crew rush to the Galliott to retrieve the Meteor Rejector. They are successful, and manage to place explosives in the ship. During a struggle with the Aurans, Dr. Karan and Tiona are killed. Markary and Sanya return to the Argos and manage to escape as the Galliott is destroyed. After takeoff, however, they reveal themselves to be possessed by Aurans. They ask Wes, the last survivor, to join them. Wes refuses and tries to sabotage the Meteor Rejector, but fatally electrocutes himself while doing so. Because the device has been broken beyond repair, Markary and Sanya decide to change course for a nearby planet: Earth. Cast Barry Sullivan as Captain Mark Markary Norma Bengell as Sanya Ángel Aranda as Wess Wescant Evi Marandi as Tiona Franco Andrei as Bert (Garr in the Italian version) Federico Boido as Keir Stelio Candelli as Brad (Mud) Alberto Cevenini as Toby Markary (Wan) Mario Morales as Eldon Ivan Rassimov as Carter (Dervy) Massimo Righi as Captain Sallis (Nordeg) Fernando Villeña as Dr. Karan Production American International Pictures had achieved a great deal of commercial success in the early 1960s with Bava's Black Sunday (1960) and Black Sabbath (1963), as well as dozens of lesser Italian films, including several sword and sandal pictures. Eventually, AIP heads Samuel Z. Arkoff and James H. Nicholson decided to coproduce some of these films, rather than just pay for the rights to distribute them, in order to have more control over their content. Planet of the Vampires was one such coproduction, financed by AIP and Italy's Fulvio Lucisano for Italian International Film, along with some Spanish production money provided by Castilla Cooperativa Cinematográfica. AIP provided the services of writer Ib Melchior, whose previous movies had included such modest hits as The Angry Red Planet (1959) and Reptilicus (1961), as well as the relatively big budget Robinson Crusoe on Mars (1964). Melchior wrote the screenplay for the English-language version of the film, with some assistance from AIP producer Louis M. Heyward. American Barry Sullivan and Brazilian Norma Bengell led the cast of international actors. Writer Robert J. Skotak reported that each cast member "used their own native language on the set, in many cases not understanding what the other actors were saying." Sullivan's lines were spoken in English, Bengell's in Portuguese, Evi Marandi's in Italian and Ángel Aranda's in Spanish. Restricted by a low budget, Bava was unable to utilize opticals, so all of the film's extensive visual effects work were done "in camera". Miniatures and forced perspective visuals are used throughout, with much colored fog adding atmosphere but also obscuring the sheer cheapness of the sets. Bava explained: "Do you know what that unknown planet was made of? A couple of plastic rocks — yes, two: one and one! — left over from a mythological movie made at Cinecittà! To assist the illusion, I filled the set with smoke." According to Tim Lucas, the two plastic rocks were multiplied in several shots by mirrors and multiple exposures. The planet's exterior sequences were filmed on an empty stage obscured by mists, table top miniatures and Schüfftan process shots. Reception AIP released the film as the supporting film on a double feature with Daniel Haller's Die, Monster, Die! (1965).:File:AIP double feature.jpg Planet of the Vampires has accumulated a very positive critical response over the years. In 1966, Castle of Frankenstein described the film as "Beautifully photographed Italian sfantasy with excellent sfx and superb color". Variety's Dool opined, "Plot is punctuated with gore, shock, eerie music and wild optic and special effects...Color camera work and production values are smooth and first class...Flash Gordon type story...should keep the young on the edge of their seats and the older set from falling asleep". Richard Davis, in Films and Filming, wrote that "Bava is tied to a grossly synthetic studio set which doesn't for a moment convince of its extraterrestrial reality...the piece on the whole is poor stuff". Monthly Film Bulletin noted the film was, "a triumph of mind over matter, or of Bava over a shoestring budget and appalling dubbed dialogue...[Bava] does atmospheric wonders with pastel-shaded fog and cunning camerawork". In 1974, Joe Dante wrote that the "fabulous comic strip sci-fi shows director Mario Bava at his most visually inventive..." Phil Hardy's The Aurum Film Encyclopedia: Science Fiction noted in 1984 that the film was "A gorgeous atmospheric confection from Bava...Bava's ever-moving camera creates a chilling sense of menace. The result is a triumph of the pulp imagination". Glenn Erickson (aka "DVD Savant") wrote in 2001 that "Bava's stunning gothic variation weaves a weird tale of flying saucers, ray guns and zombies that looks like no other space movie ever filmed". In Fangoria magazine, Tim Lucas said "Planet of the Vampires is commonly regarded as the best SF film ever made in Italy, and among the most convincing depictions of an alien environment ever put on film". On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a 73% rating based on 11 reviews (8 "Fresh" and 3 "Rotten"). Influence Several critics have suggested that Bava's film was a major influence on Ridley Scott's Alien (1979) and Prometheus (2012), in both narrative details and visual design. Derek Hill, in a review of the MGM Midnite Movies DVD release of Vampires written for Images Journal, noted, "Bava's film (along with It! The Terror from Beyond Space, 1958) was a direct influence on Ridley Scott's 1979 film Alien. But where Scott's film tried to mask its humble drive-in origins, Planet of the Vampires revels in its origins. The film literally feels like a pulp magazine cover come to garish life..." Robert Monell, on the DVD Maniacs website, observed, "[M]uch of the conceptual design and some specific imagery in the 1979 Ridley Scott screamer undoubtedly owes a great debt to Mario Bava's no budget accomplishments." Govindini Murty of The Atlantic, in a review of Prometheus, said, "The striking images Ridley Scott devises for Prometheus reference everything from Stanley Kubrick's 2001 to Leonardo da Vinci's Vitruvian Man and Mario Bava's Planet of the Vampires." One of the film's most celebrated sequences involves the astronauts performing an exploration of an alien, derelict ship discovered in a huge ruin on the surface of the planet. The crewmembers climb up into the depths of the eerie ship and discover the gigantic remains of long dead monstrous creatures. In 1979, Cinefantastique noted the remarkable similarities between this atmospheric sequence and a lengthy scene in the then-new Alien. The magazine also pointed out other minor parallels between the two films. However, both Alien's director Ridley Scott and screenwriter Dan O'Bannon claimed at the time that they had never seen Planet of the Vampires. Decades later, Dan O'Bannon would admit: "I stole the giant skeleton from the Planet of the Vampires". Tim Lucas has noted that the basic plot and ideas of the film not only inspired Alien but "continue to influence filmmakers and inspire the genre today, as witnessed by David Twohy's Pitch Black (2000) and Brian De Palma's Mission to Mars (2000)." In the late 1970s Atlas/Seaboard Comics published a short-lived comic book entitled Planet of Vampires, which combined plot elements from Bava's film with elements of Planet of the Apes and I Am Legend. It has strongly influenced the 2023 DC film Aquaman and the Lost Kingdom''. References External links 1965 films Italian films Italian science fiction horror films Spanish films Spanish vampire films Films based on short fiction Films directed by Mario Bava 1960s science fiction horror films Space adventure films Films set in the future Films about extraterrestrial life 1965 horror films Italian vampire films Films set on fictional planets Films produced by Fulvio Lucisano
3987069	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Consolidated%20Steel%20Corporation	Consolidated Steel Corporation	Consolidated Steel Corporation was an American steel and shipbuilding business. Consolidated built ships during World War II in two locations: Wilmington, California and Orange, Texas. It was created in 1929 by the merger of Llewellyn Iron Works, Baker Iron Works and Union Iron Works, all of Los Angeles. Baker Iron Works Baker Iron Works of Los Angeles also manufactured mining equipment. The Baker Iron Works had its start at Los Angeles, California, about 1877, when Milo S. Baker acquired a small machine shop there. The business, begun on a small scale as M.S. Baker & Company, grew quite rapidly. A much larger facility was erected in 1886 and in June of that year the business was incorporated as the Baker Iron Works with capital stock of $75,000. Five Directors were named: Milo S. Baker, E.H. Booth, Charles F. Kimball, Fred L. Baker (Milo's son), and H.T. Neuree. {108} Less than a year later, Baker erected a $15,000 building [equivalent to $300,000 in today's buying power] on Buena Vista Street near College. Baker Iron Works had a great many different products, manufacturing mining, milling, pumping, hoisting, oil and well drilling machinery, streetcars, boilers, oven and heating furnaces, as well as a line of architectural iron. It seems to have been especially noteworthy for steam boiler fabrication, installation and maintenance. According to one authority, in 1889 Baker produced the first locomotive built in Los Angeles, designed by Milo's son Fred, vice president of the firm. Another authority {106} says Baker built horse cars and perhaps street cars for Los Angeles, Pasadena and other communities in the Los Angeles area and that they built some larger cars for the Santa Ana & Orange Motor Road in 1898. According to this authority, after Pacific Electric bought this line, the cars were revamped and continued in service until 1920. It is claimed that in the early 1890s, Street Railway Journal reportedly ranked Baker "among the principal car builders on the Pacific Coast." In 1887, Baker constructed six street cars for the City & Central Street Railway. {107} According to an article in the 1 January 1890 issue of the Los Angeles Times, the Baker Works then occupied some and provided employment to 75 men. A large variety of manufacturing was being done. The foundry was making iron and brass castings to fit nearly all kinds of machinery for mining and milling purposes, besides pumping plants for large and small waterworks, and steam plants for all the variety of uses to which steam was put. They manufactured their own boilers. They were also manufacturing oil-boring tools and rigs, and constructing elevators—both passenger and freight—in all varieties: hydraulic steam or hand. It was claimed by the newspaper that Baker had installed nearly all the first class passenger elevators in Southern California. The article said they manufacture street-cars and did other railroad work to order and claimed to make the best gang plows and road and field rollers that could be obtained anywhere. They also installed heating and ventilating plants for public buildings, both steam, hot water and hot air. And they did architectural iron-work. Milo S. Baker was then President, J.E. Sills was Vice-President and Treasurer, and Fred L. Baker (Milo's son) was Secretary and Plant Superintendent. In 1891, Baker was awarded the contract to build the Santa Ana Water Works. In six months, for a total price of $58,000, Baker put in of street mains, sixty fire hydrants and gates valves, one reservoir , build one fire-proof power house, two boilers and brick stock, two compound condensing engines of capacity every 24 hours, All this complete and functioning: truly a "turn-key" operation. {109} After the turn of the 20th century, Baker seems to have specialized in steel fabrication and elevator building. Over the next 30 years they did the steel work and/or elevators for—among many others— Los Angeles' first skyscraper, the twelve-story Union Trust Building, the Public Service Building, the Queen of Angels Hospital, the YWCA Hotel, the United Artists-California Petroleum Building, the University of California at Westwood, The Masonic Temple at Glendale, the Los Angeles-First National Bank at Glendale, the Los Angeles-First National Bank at Hollywood and the University of Redlands at Redlands. Orange shipyard The Orange, Texas shipyard was expanded in 1940 when Consolidated Steel was awarded a Maritime Commission contract from the U.S. Navy. They was the Orange Car & Steel Company and Southern Dry Dock & Shipbuilding Compnay before the war. After the war the yard became a U.S. Steel fabrication plant. Steel sold to Signal International and then sold to Westport Orange Shipyard, LLC. At its peak durning the war, it employed 20,000 people. For World War II the yard built Fletcher-class destroyer and Gearing-class destroyer. The first ship launched was the destroyer on March 2, 1942. The last ship launched was the destroyer on December 28, 1945. United States Naval Station Orange was the overseer of the Navy projects. Contracts for 12 Fletchers were authorized with the Two-Ocean Navy Act and placed later in 1940 Fletchers were produced no more than 6 concurrently. Gearings were produced no more than 10 concurrently. 12 of 175 s (built May 1941 - October 1942) ... 27 of 98 s (built May 1944 - December 1945) ... ... 12 of 148 s (April 1943 - December 1943) ... 47 of 85 s (built June 1942 - December 1943) ... ... 34 of 83 s (built October 1943 - August 1944) ... 6 of 6 s that were completed as APDs 3 of 50 s that were completed as APDs 106 of 923 Landing Craft Infantry (built 1942-1944) Hull numbers 61 - 96, 943 - 1012 Wilmington shipyard The Consolidated Steel Wilmington shipyard () in Wilmington, California was an emergency yard built in 1941 after Consolidated Steel was awarded a Maritime Commission contract from the U.S. Navy. At its peak, it employed 12,000 people, working on eight shipways on the 95-acre facility at the Port of Los Angeles at 1100 W Harry Bridges Blvd, Wilmington. Production peaked on May 29, 1944, when it launched three large ships in only a -hour period. Later that year, the yard delivered its 500th vessel of the war. The yard was built as a temporary facility and, like most such war plants, it was closed after the war ended. The Wilmington shipyard also operated a Consolidated Steel Long Beach shipyard nearby, on the west side of Channel Three of the Inner Harbor at 1512 Pier C Street, Long Beach. Together, the shipyards ranked Consolidated 29th among United States corporations in the value of wartime production contracts. After the war, the facility was shut down. The former shipyard location is now the Distribution and Auto Service (DAS) facility at berths 196 and 197 of the Port of Los Angeles, or another source indicates that it was at the site of the present-day TraPac facility (Berths 136-41). On Liberty Fleet Day, September 27, 1941, the Wilmington yard launched SS Alcoa Polaris, a C1-B type cargo vessel, as one of the fourteen ships launched nationwide on the same day to show the magnitude of the shipbuilding program. Ships built: 133 of 395 C1 65 of 95 C1-B (7 of those were built in the nearby Long Beach yard) (MC-75) ... (MC-78) (MC-263) ... (MC-266) (MC-486) ... (MC-511) (MC-698) ... (MC-701) (MC-1015) ... (MC-1028) (MC-1042) ... (MC-1044) (MC-1693) ... (MC-1695) (MC-2073) ... (MC-2079) 13 of 13 C1-S-AY (MC-1029) ... (MC-1041) all names in the form of "Cape X", all went to britain as "Empire X" and were renamed again later 55 of 211 C1-M-AV1 (MC-2314) ... (MC-2331) (MC-2461) ... (MC-2473) (MC-2563) ... (MC-2586) 10 of 121 C2-S-B1 ... Landing Craft Mechanized 44 LCM in 1942 and 1943. Then 129 LCM in 1945 18 of 96 Tacoma-class frigates (S2-S1-AQ1) in 1942 and 1943 32 of 32 Gilliam-class attack transports (S4-SE2-BD1) in 1944 and 1945 ... Bethlehem Shipbuilding San Pedro and California Shipbuilding Corporation were located nearby on Terminal Island. Consolidated Steel Long Beach Shipyard Consolidated Steel opened a shipyard in Long Beach, California from 1941 to 1943. The yard was from Craig Shipbuilding. Built in the Long Beach Shipyard: Seven C1-B cargo ships from the Wilmington batch listed above Two type p1 passenger ships, model P1-S2-L2. The P1-S2-L2 s were two ships. The first American assault military transports. Made with an aft ramp for the launching of small landing craft or for the unloading of tanks. , first in class After the war Shortly after the end of the war, in 1945, Consolidated Steel bought the assets of the Western Pipe and Steel Company of California, another wartime shipbuilding firm, for a sum in excess of $6.2 million. The WPS assets along with some other assets of Consolidated were sold in 1948 for over $17 million to the Columbia Steel Company, a division of US Steel, which formed a new division known as the Consolidated Western Steel Corporation to manage them. The former President and Chairman of Consolidated Steel's board, Alden G. Roach, became President of Consolidated Western. Consolidated Western was later merged directly into the parent company, US Steel. After the sale to Columbia, the remaining assets of Consolidated Steel were folded into a new company known as Consolidated Liquidating Corporation, which was dissolved on February 29, 1952. See also California during World War II Maritime history of California Levingston Shipbuilding Company Weaver Shipyards External links youtube.com, World War II Shipyards: Orange, Texas Footnotes References Wilmington, California shipbuilding record Defunct shipbuilding companies of the United States Defense companies of the United States
3987074	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Fasting	Thomas Fasting	Thomas Fasting (25 February 1769 – 21 November 1841) was a Norwegian Naval officer and government minister. Fasting was born at Lista in Lister, Norway. He was the son of Lieutenant Colonel Soren Christian Fasting (1729–1782) and Benedicte Tyrholm (1734–1774). He started serving in the Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy in 1785. He became captain of the warship «Ærøe» in 1795, stationed in the Danish West Indies. He was also fighting in the Battle of Copenhagen in 1801. In the Gunboat War from 1807 to 1814, he was commander of Fredrikstad Fortress and later captain of the warship Dantzich. Fasting was given command of the Royal Norwegian Navy after the union with Denmark ended in the spring of 1814, and was the commander of the navy during the war with Sweden. By fall of that year, he was a member of the interim government. In 1815, he was appointed minister in the Department of the Navy, and for the next 24 years he was Secretary of the Naval administrative. He served as a member of the Council of State Division in Stockholm for six periods between 1817 and 1836. He was Minister of the Navy in eight periods between 1815 and 1839, as well as head of the Ministry of the Army in 1828 and 1832. Fasting was the first individual ever convicted in an impeachment trial by the Norwegian Constitutional Court of the Realm (Riksrett) in 1821. References 1769 births 1841 deaths People from Farsund Norwegian military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars Royal Norwegian Navy personnel Royal Dano-Norwegian Navy personnel Government ministers of Norway Defence ministers of Norway
3987083	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WVIR-CD	WVIR-CD	WVIR-CD (channel 35) is a low-power, Class A television station in Charlottesville, Virginia, United States. It is a translator of dual NBC/CW+ affiliate WVIR-TV (channel 29) which is owned by Gray Television. WVIR-CD's transmitter is located on Carters Mountain south of Charlottesville; its parent station maintains studios on East Market Street (US 250 Business) in downtown. History The station began its life as charter Pax TV affiliate WADA-LP on August 31, 1998. It first aired an analog signal on UHF channel 55 and later moved to UHF channel 27. In late-March 2005, owner Tiger Eye Broadcasting sold the station to Gray Television who proceeded to change the call letters to WAHU-CA. The station became a Fox affiliate and was integrated with CBS affiliate WCAV (channel 19) and ABC affiliate WVAW-LP (channel 16). Prior to WAHU's affiliation switch, Fox was available on cable from WTTG in Washington, D.C. That station was considered the default affiliate for the market and is still seen on cable due to "significantly viewed" status from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). (Pax TV's successor, Ion Television, returned to the market on October 1, 2018, on WCAV's fourth subchannel.) Since 2006, the three stations have been the flagship of University of Virginia sports. On December 28, 2006, WAHU launched its digital signal on UHF channel 40. While providing an over-the-air standard definition Fox feed on its first digital subchannel, the station began airing a dedicated MyNetworkTV channel on a new second one. Following this addition, the station shifted several programs to the digital subchannel. Prior to the addition of WAHU-DT2, the network was added on September 5, 2006 as a secondary affiliation on the main channel. As part of the launch, Comcast moved WTTG from channel 9 to channel 18 in order to give WAHU the lower channel location. On March 14, 2008, the station changed its call letters to WAHU-LD with "LD" meaning low-power digital. Also on the date, along with other television stations in Virginia, WAHU-LD2 aired the Virginia High School League championship basketball tournament for the first time. On February 18, 2009, it began broadcasting in high definition over-the-air. On March 13 and 14, WAHU-LD2 (and other stations in the state) aired the Virginia High School League basketball championships for a second time. On September 7, 2009, This TV started airing on WAHU-LD2. On January 3, 2011, the station changed its calls again to WAHU-CD with "CD" meaning Class A low-power digital. In late 2018, WAHU-CD2 ended its affiliation with MyNetworkTV to take MeTV full-time. Gray announced the sale of WCAV and WVAW-LD to Lockwood Broadcast Group on March 4, 2019. The sale was concurrent with Gray's purchase of rival WVIR-TV from Waterman Broadcasting. WAHU-CD was not included in the sale and would be retained by Gray as a sister station to WVIR-TV. Gray took WAHU-CD silent on April 1 to begin moving its equipment out of the shared Newsplex facility. The Fox, MeTV, and AccuWeather affiliations were included in the sale to Lockwood and moved to WCAV and WVAW-LD. As Gray's purchase of WVIR was held up by legal challenges, delaying construction of a new co-located transmitter, WAHU-CD returned to the air with Fox on August 23 with an interim facility from its previous location. Because the Fox feed on WCAV began using virtual channel 27 when WAHU-CD went silent, it began using virtual channel 35. On October 8, 2019, the station changed its callsign to WVIR-CD when the legal challenges were cleared and the sale to Gray closed. Later that month, it converted to a translator of WVIR-TV. WVIR-CD preserved UHF reception in the core of the market when WVIR-TV moved to VHF channel 2, which is difficult to receive indoors, in 2020. Technical information Subchannels The station's digital signal is multiplexed: Analog-to-digital conversion WAHU shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 27, on February 16, 2009. The station "flash-cut" its digital signal into operation UHF channel 40. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 27. References External links NBC network affiliates Gray Television Television channels and stations established in 1998 Low-power television stations in the United States VIR-CD 1998 establishments in Virginia
5377459	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1911%20Eastern%20Suburbs%20season	1911 Eastern Suburbs season	Eastern Suburbs District Rugby Football Club (now known as the Sydney Roosters) competed in their fourth New South Wales Rugby League season in 1911, winning their maiden premiership. 1911 playing squad 1911 results Premiership Round 3. 13 May Glebe Dirty Reds 8 ( Muggivan, L. Cubitt tries; A.Burge goal ) defeated Eastern Suburbs 0 at Wentworth park. crowd 4000 "Quite the liveliest, contest of the day was that at Wentworth Park, where about 4000 locals cheered the Reds to victory over the redoubtable Eastern Suburbs. It was fast and furious at times. Two men were carried off Injured. Two more were ordered off the field-one for indiscriminate kicking, and one for unnecessarily rough play. Now and then the spectators, worked to a pitch of excitement, started melees of their own. The game itaelf was a triumph for the local forwards, who ran over the opponents, and the Glebe backs, taking advantage of the situation, notched 8 points to nil." 1911 NSWRL ladder Eastern Suburbs first premiership Finals campaign premiership Semi Final, Saturday 2 September 1911. At the Sydney Sports Ground. [1] premiership Final, 9 September 1911, at the Agricultural Ground. premiership Final re-match, Saturday 16 September 1911. [2] Offence The lowdown: Eastern Suburbs completed the following score options in the 1911 season: 45 tries 64 goals 2 field goals Defence The lowdown: Eastern Suburbs conceded the following score options in the 1911 season: 34 tries 26 goals 1 field goals The result: Eastern Suburbs conceded a total of 129 points in the 1911 season. The verdict: Eastern Suburbs try scoring defence dropped by 35.2% on their previous season. Eastern Suburbs goal kicking defence dropped by 7.6% on their previous season. Eastern Suburbs field goal defence was maintained on their previous season. Eastern Suburbs overall defense dropped by 10% on their previous season. Eastern Suburbs total points against defensive effort improved by 17.7% on their previous season. 1911 season highlights Eastern Suburbs won their first premiership defeating the Glebe 11-8 in the Final. Won the 1911 reserve grade competition for the fourth year in a row. Dally Messenger was the top point scorer in the NSWRL with 148 points. Eastern Suburbs were once again the winners of the presidents cup competition. Eastern Suburbs players to represent Australia were:- Dan Frawley & Bob Williams Eastern Suburbs players to gain selection for that year's Kangaroo Tour were:- Dan Frawley & Bob Williams. Eastern Suburbs played their first match at the Sydney Sports Ground. Dan Frawley was the first rugby league player to score a try on the Sydney Cricket Ground, Dally Messenger the first to kick a goal. Notes No Semi-final would normally be required under the rules of the day. However, because Eastern Suburbs and South Sydney finished level on points, They played off to see who met the minor premiers Glebe, in the final. As minor premiers Glebe had the right of challenge, if beaten. A second final was played one week later. While representing NSW in an interstate match against Queensland, Dally Messenger scored a record 32 points, coming from four tries and ten goals. In the 3 match series, Messenger scored a total of 72 points. Dan Frawley, while playing in a representative match, became the first rugby league player to score a try on the Sydney Cricket Ground. References External links Rugby League Tables and Statistics Ian Heads, True Blue - the true story of the NSW Rugby League, , Sydney Roosters seasons East
5377468	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viliam%20H%C3%BDrav%C3%BD	Viliam Hýravý	Viliam Hýravý (born 26 November 1962, in Ružomberok) is a Slovak football player. He played on the position of left defender. He played for Czechoslovakia, for whom he played 11 matches. He was a participant in the 1990 FIFA World Cup. On the club level he played for BZ Ružomberok, ZVL Zilina, Dukla Banska Bystrica and Czech club Baník Ostrava. In the 1991–92 season he played for Toulouse FC. Before retiring he played for MFK Ružomberok, where he currently works as manager's assistant. References 1962 births Living people People from Ružomberok Czechoslovak footballers Czechoslovakia international footballers Slovak footballers Slovakia international footballers Toulouse FC players Ligue 1 players 1990 FIFA World Cup players Czech First League players FC Baník Ostrava players MŠK Žilina players Slovak Super Liga players Dual internationalists (football) Czechoslovak expatriate footballers Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in France Expatriate footballers in France Association football forwards
5377472	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fairview%20Independent%20Schools%20%28Kentucky%29	Fairview Independent Schools (Kentucky)	Fairview Independent Schools is a public school district based in Boyd County, Kentucky, United States. The district serves the area within the census-designated place of Westwood. The district consists of two schools: Fairview High School and Fairview Elementary School. The elementary school serves students from Pre-K to fifth grade and the high school serves students from sixth grade to twelfth grade. References External links Fairview Independent Schools School districts in Kentucky Education in Boyd County, Kentucky
5377475	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darnley%20Island%20%28Queensland%29	Darnley Island (Queensland)	Darnley Island or Erub in the native Papuan language, Meriam Mir, is an island formed by volcanic action and situated in the eastern section of the Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. It is one of the Torres Strait Islands and is located near the Great Barrier Reef and just south of the Bligh entrance. The town on the island is also called Darnley, but the locality is called Erub Island, both being within the local government area of Torres Strait Island Region. In the , Erub Island had a population of 328 people. The effective community language is Brokan (Torres Strait Creole), though many people also still speak Meriam Mir, the traditional language. History The island was named by Captain William Bligh in 1792 during his second breadfruit voyage to the Pacific, after his distant relative, the Earl of Darnley. In 1871 representatives of the London Missionary Society (LMS) arrived in the Torres Straits on the vessel Surprise, a ship owned or chartered by the LMS, after the French Government had demanded their removal from the Loyalty Islands and New Caledonia in 1869. They decided to expand into the Torres Straits and New Guinea. They were represented by two Englishmen, Reverend Samuel Macfarlane and Reverend A.W. Murray, and eight Lifu (Loyalty Islander) evangelists: Tapeso, Elia, Mataika, Guchong, Kerisidui, Wauaded, Sevine and Josaia, and their wives. The missionaries reached Erub on 1 July 1871, an event that came to be known as the "Coming of the Light". One of the tribal elders of the island, Dabad, met them at Kemus (or Kernus) Beach after which he introduced them to Amani, another tribal elder, and the rest of the Erub Islanders. His role in the bringing of Christianity to the Torres Straits is memorialised by Dabad's Monument at Badog. The inscription reads "In loving memory of Dabad 1871: A man who denied his tribal laws and accepted the good news of salvation". All Torres Strait Island communities celebrate the Coming of the Light annually on 1 July. Pearlers and beche-de-mer gatherers visited the island. Over many years, these industries attracted an influx of seamen from the Pacific Islands, the Philippines, and Malaya, many of whom married local women and settled on the island. Early in the twentieth century, the Queensland Government started installing various facilities such as a school, medical aid, post office and an Island Industries Board store. In 1919 the All Saints Church was constructed at the former site of the original London Missionary Society mission house and school. Locally produced lime from burnt coral and basalt was used and the work was done under the direction of Manai, an Erub Islander, and Ware, a South Sea Islander. It was originally known as the Ziona church. Darnley Island State School opened on 29 January 1985, replacing the earlier mission school. On 1 January 2007 it became the Darnley Island Campus of the Tagai State College (with its main campus on Thursday Island). Darnley people have been at the forefront of the movement for adequate recognition of Torres Strait Islanders' rights. From the 1960s to the '90s, George Mye (Torres Strait Islander) was an elder and among the most prominent advocates of Islander interests. Carlemo Wacando was among the first to challenge the legal notion of terra nullius, which Australia had posited to support their annexation of traditional lands. The High Court of Australia ruled in Mabo v Queensland (No 2) (1992) in favor of traditional land ownership of the Torres Strait Islanders, which also applied to Australian aboriginal claims in their territories. The Native Title Act of 1993 was passed to administer these changes. Pau Enterprises Indigenous Corporation was established in 2015 to manage and maintain the Pau family native title lands and interests on Darnley Island. It also seeks to create social enterprises on Darnley Island and other locations where its community members have migrated, such as Cairns. Darnley Island became better known around Australia in 2015 when the acting school principal asked via social media for donations of books to assist her primary school children and their education. Her efforts resulted in more than 18,000 shares on Facebook, and hundreds of books were sent to the island. In the , Erub Island had a population of 328 people. Flora and fauna The Kinabalu giant earthworm, Pheretima darnleiensis, is named after Darnley Island, although it is likely an introduced species there. Heritage listings Darnley Island has a heritage-listed site: All Saints Anglican Church. Amenities The Torres Strait Island Regional Council operate an Indigenous Knowledge Centre at Madige Village on Erub. There are two stores, one school, and a health centre. Accommodation is available through Norah's Guest House, and the council run 'five star' dongas. Education Darnley Island Campus is a primary (Early Childhood-6) campus () of Tagai State College. There is no secondary school on the island. The secondary campus of Tagai State College is on Thursday Island, over away; it offers some boarding facilities but many children are also sent to mainland secondary schools. See also Darnley Island Airport List of Torres Strait Islands References External links Mye on behalf of Erubam Le v State of Queensland (2004), FCA 1573 (8 December 2004) Passion and Professionalism by Dorothy Walker and Lynetee Griffiths; short video about an education project for indigenous students on Darnley Island, 2 min 42 sec, published by State Library of Queensland as part of Storylines:Q150 digital stories Torres Strait Islands Torres Strait Island Region Torres Strait Islands communities
5377504	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingsmead%20College	Kingsmead College	Kingsmead College is a private girls' elementary and high school situated in Melrose, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South Africa. The school is located next to the Gautrain Rosebank Station. Kingsmead College caters for girls from Grade 000 to Grade 12 and has around 870 students. History Kingsmead College was founded by Doris Vera Thompson in October 1933 and in 1934 opened its doors to 136 girls, from Grade 1 to Post-Matriculation. Over the years, houses and gardens adjacent to the original property were purchased, providing further buildings needed to cater for a steadily increasing amount of young girls coming to the school. Doris Vera Thompson helped to plan St Brigid's Chapel on the school grounds and she considered the simple building to be the “heart of the school.” From 1939 onwards, the Boarders used the Chapel regularly until 1999, when the Boarding House was closed. Each class attends Chapel Assembly regularly during the term. The Chapel is open daily during the week from 07h00 to 17h00 and, on Sundays, it is used by the Kingsmead Christian Fellowship for Christian worship and prayer. Many Old Kingsmeadians return to the Chapel for weddings and Christenings. The chapel is dedicated to St. Brigid. Organisation Kingsmead College teaches Grades 000-Matric. Junior School The Junior School consists of Grades 1–7. Grades 1-6 wear a green checkered dress, with black school shoes, white socks, and a green blazer. A jersey is optional. Grade 7 wears the Senior School uniform of a blazer, white shirt, tartan skirt, white socks and black school shoes. Senior School Mrs Palmer is Headmistress of the Senior School (Grades 8-12). These grades wear a blazer, white shirt, tartan skirt, white socks and black school shoes. Affiliations The school is a member of the Independent Schools Association of Southern Africa. Notable alumni Denise Scott Brown, architect Elizabeth de la Porte, harpsichordist Margaret Marshall, Chief Justice of the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court Topaz Page-Green, fashion model and the founder and president of the non-profit corporation The Lunchbox Fund Larraine Segil, entrepreneur, attorney, advisor, lecturer, author, board member and urban farmer Janet Suzman, actress Lauren Mellor, model Maureen Thelma Watson, politician Julia Vincent (2012) - South African diver External links Kingsmead College Digital Archives References Girls' schools in South Africa Schools in Johannesburg Nondenominational Christian schools in South Africa Private schools in Gauteng Educational institutions established in 1933 1933 establishments in South Africa
5377505	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Koloman%20G%C3%B6gh	Koloman Gögh	Koloman Gögh (; 7 January 1948 – 11 November 1995) was a professional Czechoslovak footballer. Gögh was born in Kladno in what is today the Czech Republic, but began playing football in Kolárovo, a town with over 80% of Hungarian minority. After that he played for the junior team of Komárno, and fulfilled his national service duties in Dukla Holešov serving as a paratrooper. After military service, Gögh resumed his football career at Š.K. Slovan Bratislava. He played for Czechoslovakia national football team in 1975 and 1976 when they won the 1976 European Football Championship; in that period he played in 55 matches and scored one goal. Gögh was a participant in the 1980 UEFA European Championship. Later he worked as coach, returning from a game Gögh died in a car accident. FK Kolárovo named stadium in his honour Štadión Kolomana Gögha (Gőgh Kálmán Sportpálya). References External links Gögh at Slovan Bratislava 1948 births 1995 deaths Slovak footballers Sportspeople from Kladno Czechoslovak footballers Czechoslovak expatriate footballers ŠK Slovan Bratislava players FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda players Road incident deaths in Austria UEFA Euro 1976 players UEFA Euro 1980 players UEFA European Championship-winning players Czechoslovakia international footballers Slovak people of Hungarian descent Association football defenders Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in Austria Expatriate footballers in Austria

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