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3986466
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Crack%20%28magazine%29
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The Crack (magazine)
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The Crack magazine is a free culture and listings magazine. The magazine was started in 1985. Published monthly in print and online, it covers entertainment and culture for the North East region of England. It provides comprehensive listings and previews on music, art, film, theatre, dance, comedy, gay-interest concerns and clubs, as well as articles relating to local fashion and local issues.
The Crack is available in the foyers of public spaces such as pubs, cafes, restaurants and shops and also in those of cultural venues such as galleries, libraries and cinemas.
Its office is in Woods Pottery, Ouseburn in Newcastle upon Tyne.
References
1985 establishments in the United Kingdom
Crack, The
Free magazines
Listings magazines
Local interest magazines published in the United Kingdom
Magazines established in 1985
Crack, The
Monthly magazines published in the United Kingdom
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3986467
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maxie
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Maxie
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Maxie is a given name, a nickname and a surname which may refer to:
People
Given name
Max Baer (boxer) (1909–1959), American world champion heavyweight boxer, nicknamed "Madcap Maxie"
Max Maxie Anderson (1934–1983), American hot air balloonist
Maxie Baughan (born 1938), American former National Football League player
Maxie Berger (1917–2000), Canadian world champion junior welterweight boxer
O. Maxie Max Burns (born 1948), American politician
Maxie Dunnam, chancellor of Asbury Theological Seminary
Maxie Patton Kizzire (born 1986), American golfer
Maxie Lambright (1924-1980), American college football head coach
Maxwell Maxie Long (1878-1959), American sprinter and 1900 Olympic champion
James "Maxie" McCann (born 1934), Irish former soccer player
Maxwell Maxie Parks (born 1951), American sprinter
"Slapsie Maxie" Max Rosenbloom (1907–1976), American world champion Hall-of-Fame light-heavyweight boxer
Maxie Vaz (1923–1991), Indian field hockey player
Maxie Wander (1933-1977), Austrian writer
Maxie Williams (1940-2009), American Football League and National Football League player
Surname
Brett Maxie (born 1962), American National Football League coach and former player
Demetrious Maxie (born 1973), Canadian football player
Leslie Maxie (born 1967), Olympic hurdler, host of the television show Cold Pizza
Peggy Maxie (born 1936), American former politician, first African-American woman elected to the Washington House of Representatives
Fictional characters
Maxie (Pokémon), the leader of Team Magma in the Pokémon series
Maxie Jones, on the American soap opera General Hospital
Maxie Malone, the title character of Maxie, a 1985 film starring Glenn Close as Maxie
Maximilian Maxie Zeus, a DC Comics villain
See also
"Maxi", a nickname of Glenn Maxwell (born 1988), Australian cricketer
"Maxy", a nickname of Michael Klinger (born 1980), Australian retired cricketer
Max Hermann Maxy (1895–1971), Romanian painter and art professor
Maxxie Oliver, a character in the British series Skins
Masculine given names
Hypocorisms
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5376634
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus%20Eleven
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Lotus Eleven
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The Lotus Eleven is a sports racing car built in various versions by Lotus from 1956 until 1958. The later versions built in 1958 are sometimes referred to as Lotus 13, although this was not an official designation. In total, about 270 Elevens of all versions were built.
Design and performance
The Eleven was designed by Colin Chapman and fitted with a sleek body designed by aerodynamicist Frank Costin. Its top version, dubbed Le Mans, was generally fitted with a 1100 cc (67ci) Coventry Climax FWA engine and occasionally with a 1500 cc (92ci) Coventry Climax FWB engine mounted in the front of a tubular space frame and featured a De Dion rear axle and Girling disc brakes. Fully loaded, the car weighed only about . Versions for a 1100 cc (67ci) Climax engine (Club) and a 1172 cc (72ci) Ford engine (Sport) were also produced; both featured a live rear axle and drum brakes. Several cars were fitted with alternative engines by their owners, these included Coventry Climax 1500cc (92ci) FWB and FPF and 1200 cc (73ci) FWE, Maserati 150S 1500cc (92ci), DKW 1000cc (61ci) SAAB 850cc (52ci) and 750cc (46ci) engines. There were two main body styles: one with a headrest and the other with no headrest, just two small fins. Some cars were later fitted with a closed body with gullwing doors to meet GT specifications.
Perhaps the car's most notable race result was 7th overall at the 1956 24 Hours of Le Mans, driven by Reg Bicknell and Peter Jopp
Despite the wide variety of engines installed, the car was primarily designed to compete in the 1100 cc class where it was one of the most successful cars during the mid- to late-1950s. In 1956, an Eleven, modified by Costin with a bubble canopy over the cockpit, was driven by Stirling Moss to a class world record of for a lap at Monza. Several class victories at Le Mans and Sebring followed, and the Eleven became Lotus' most successful race car design. A 750cc version won the Index of Performance at Le Mans in 1957.
In 1957, the Eleven underwent a major design change, including a new front suspension and improvements to the drivetrain. Although officially called Eleven Series 2, these late models are sometimes informally referred to as Lotus 13s, since they were produced between the 12 and 14 models and the 13 designation was not used by Lotus.
There have been several replicas and re-creations of the Lotus Eleven, including the Kokopelli 11, the Challenger GTS, the Spartak and the best known, the Westfield XI.
References
External links
Lotus Eleven information
The Historic Lotus Register
Lotus 11 history/photos
the Lotus Eleven Register
http://www.lotusracer.com/
1956 Lotus 11 Gallery/photos
howstuffworks on the Lotus 11
Period racing photos of the Lotus Eleven
recent Lotus Eleven restoration
Eleven
Sports cars
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3986468
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wood%20Hite
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Wood Hite
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Robert Woodson "Wood" Hite (1850 – December 4, 1881) was an outlaw and cousin of Frank and Jesse James. He was a member of the James-Younger gang, participating in a number of robberies and other crimes. He was shot dead by Robert Ford during a gunfight with Ford's friend Dick Liddil. The death of Hite precipitated the series of events that culminated in the killing of Jesse James by Ford.
Early life
Wood Hite was born in 1850 in Logan, Kentucky, to Major George Burns and Nancy Gardner Hite (nee James). His mother was the sister of Robert Sallee James, the father of Frank and Jesse James of the James-Younger Gang, making Wood a first cousin to the James brothers.
Hite fought for the Confederacy in the American Civil War as a member of William T. Anderson's raiders.
Criminal career
After the disastrous Northfield Minnesota raid in 1876, James needed new gang members. Wood and his brother Clarence joined the gang.
Hite was described as being between 5'8" and 5'10" with dark sandy hair, light complexion, a prominent Roman nose, and stooped shoulders that made him appear slouched. In his book The Life, Times and Treacherous Death of Jesse James, author Frank Triplett described him as "a great admirer of himself, as well as of the opposite sex". Bill O'Neal describes him as a "gangling, stoop-shouldered man with prominent, decaying front teeth." Easily recognized, he was quickly forced into hiding after he was identified following robberies by the gang.
In 1881 Hite was arrested after shooting and killing John Tabor, a black man who had made Hite angry. Tabor was shot while sitting on a fence. Hite's stepmother, who witnessed the murder, gave sworn testimony against him. He escaped from jail after bribing one of his guards.
Death
Hite was shot to death on December 4, 1881, in Ray County, Missouri, by Dick Liddil and Robert Ford, also members of the James-Younger Gang. All three were staying at the house of Martha Bolton, Ford's widowed sister. Hite and Liddil were both attracted to Martha, and clashed over their rivalry. The conflict culminated in an argument during which both drew their guns. Liddil and Hite shot at each other repeatedly. Liddil was hit once in the leg, and Hite was hit in the arm. During the battle, Ford drew his gun and shot Hite once in the head. He died about 15 minutes later. Ford and his brother Charley Ford buried Hite in an unmarked grave.(Hites remains were recovered In April 1882)
In January 1882, Robert Ford and Liddil surrendered to Sheriff James Timberlake for Hite's murder, on the condition that they would receive pardons and a reward. Ford claimed that on January 12, 1882 he met with Missouri governor Thomas Crittenden who agreed to pardon Ford for the murder of Wood Hite if he would deliver Jesse James, dead or alive. Robert Ford shot Jesse James shortly after James saw a news report of Liddil's confession to the killing of Hite. Ford claimed that he believed James would turn on him after learning of the murder. After the death of James, Ford stood trial for Hite's murder and was found not guilty by a jury. In April 1901, Liddil was rearrested for the murder of Hite, but was later released, dying of heart failure three months later.
Portrayal
In the 2007 movie The Assassination of Jesse James by the Coward Robert Ford, Hite was portrayed by Jeremy Renner. His death is portrayed as the result of a gun battle between Hite and Liddil in a bedroom after Hite appears to have been attempting to take them by surprise. When Liddil runs out of bullets, Hite points his gun at his head at point-blank range, only to be shot from behind by Ford.
References
Victims of the James–Younger Gang
Hite, Robert Woodson "Wood"
Hite, Robert Woodson "Wood"
Hite, Robert Woodson "Wood"
Outlaws of the American Old West
Deaths by firearm in Missouri
Gunslingers of the American Old West
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5376635
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivo%20Viktor
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Ivo Viktor
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Ivo Viktor (born 21 May 1942 in Křelov) is a Czech former football goalkeeper. He played for Czechoslovakia, representing his country on 63 occasions between 1966 and 1977, taking part in the 1970 FIFA World Cup and winning the 1976 European Championship. Regarded as one of the best goalkeepers of his generation in Europe in his prime, he placed third in the 1976 Ballon d'Or, and was a five-time winner of the Czechoslovak Footballer of the Year award, and a two-time winner of the European Goalkeeper of the Year award.
Club career
In his country, Viktor played for several clubs, including Dukla Prague, where he remained for 13 years, winning several titles.
International career
Viktor's senior national team debut came in 1966 against Brazil at the Maracanã stadium. He represented his nation at the 1970 FIFA World Cup. He was one of the brightest stars at UEFA Euro 1976, where he helped Czechoslovakia win the championship, producing notable performances and key saves against the Netherlands in the semi-final, and West Germany in the final, later being named to the team of the tournament. In the same year he came third in the European Footballer of the Year awards. In total, he made 63 international appearances between 1966 and 1977.
Coaching career
Viktor took charge of Dukla Prague for one season as manager, in the 1990–91 Czechoslovak First League. The club finished the season in 11th place.
Honours
Club
Dukla Prague
Czechoslovak First League: 1964, 1966, 1977
Czechoslovak Cup: 1965, 1966, 1969
International
Czechoslovakia
UEFA European Football Championship: 1976
Individual
Czechoslovak Footballer of the Year: 1968, 1972, 1973, 1975, 1976
Ballon d'Or: Third place 1976
European Goalkeeper of the Year award: 1969, 1976
UEFA Euro Team of the Tournament: 1976
Voted 24th in Keeper of the Century – IFFHS' Century Elections.
References
External links
Profile
1976 Euro Cup win
European Keeper of the Century
1942 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Czechoslovak footballers
Association football goalkeepers
1970 FIFA World Cup players
UEFA Euro 1976 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
Czechoslovakia international footballers
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
Dukla Prague footballers
Czech football managers
Czechoslovak football managers
Dukla Prague managers
People from Olomouc District
Sportspeople from the Olomouc Region
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5376636
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Nicolas%20D%C3%A9meunier
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Jean-Nicolas Démeunier
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Jean-Nicolas Démeunier (sometimes Desmeuniers) (15 March 1751 – 2 February 1814) was a French author and politician.
Biography
Démeunier was born in Nozeroy in the department of Jura. He is the author of several historical essays, political and moral, and many translations of English travel books.
He attended his studies in his home province before his literary abilities earned him the attention of the royal court. Démeunier was appointed Royal Censor and secretary to "Monsieur", the Louis XVIII, who was the brother of King Louis XVI, and the King of France after the Restoration, an event that occurred only months after Démeunier's death.
French Revolution
Supporter of the French Revolution, he was elected (16 May 1789) by the Third Estate of the city of Paris to the Estates General with 133 votes. When the conservative members of the Constitutional Committee resigned mid-September 1789, he was one of the deputies selected to replace them. He served a turn as President (22 December 1789 - 3 January 1790) of the National Assembly.
It was as a member of the Constitutional Committee that Démeunier had the biggest impact. He presented to the Assembly on behalf of the Committee a report (7 March 1791) on the need for the ministerial responsibility, and later declared support (26 August 1791) for the eligibility of the members of the royal family to hold elective office. He would also promote the organization of the jury and the Court of Cassation.
After the session, Demeunier was elected administrator of the city of Paris (7 November 1791), but he resigned immediately in protest of the election of Jerome Pétion as mayor.
He fled to the United States during the Reign of Terror.
Directory, Consulate, and Empire
Démeunier returned to France in 1796, and was candidate to the French Directory.
The first Consul appointed Démeunier (4 Nivose VIII/25 December 1799) member of the Tribunat at its inception; he became president of this assembly 2 January 1800. He was further elevated to the Sénat conservateur 28 Nivose X (18 January 1802).
He received further awards under Napoleon, named to the Legion of Honor, first as Member 9 Vendémiaire XII (2 October 1803), then as commander 25 Prairial XII (14 June 1804), and finally as Grand Officer (30 June 1811). Démeunier was established comte de l'Empire (26 April 1808).
Démeunier died months before the fall of Napoleon. He is interred in the Panthéon in Paris.
Lycée
Démeunier was particularly active in the management of the newly created Lycée of which "Monsieur", the Comte de Provence, was the principal Maecenas. This Lycée was created by combining the Musée de Paris with the Musée Scientifique—both had been created by the Société Appolonienne. The aim of these institutions was to provide good-quality education to the general public. After the return of Louis XVIII to Paris, the Lycée remained active under the name "Athénée Royal", until 1848.
Jean-Nicolas Démeunier may also be considered one of the key figures in the organisation of support for the American cause. For example, his
"L'Amérique indépendante, ou les différents constitutions de treize provinces qui se sont érigées en républiques, sous le nom d'États-Unis de l'Amérique. Avec un précis de l'histoire de chaque province, et des remarques sur les constitutions, la population, les finances et l'état dans lequel les province se trouvent actuellement" (Par Démeunier avocat et censeur royal, auteur de la partie économie politique d'Encyclopédie methodique. À Gand, chez P.F.Goessin, Imprimeur-Librairie, Rue Hauteporte. 1790)
was to be of great influence on the democratic experiments in Belgium in the few years preceding the French Revolution. (For a detailed discussion of events and relevant sources see Gorman 1925, reference below.)
The real significance of "L'Amérique indépendante..." lay in the fact that it was published as a separate volume of Démeunier's contributions to Charles Joseph Panckoucke's "Encyclopédie méthodique", which had been corrected and debated in correspondence with Thomas Jefferson.
Thomas Jefferson also was the source of "Précis historique de la révolution des États Unis d'Amérique, précédé de l'histoire de ses provinces, jusq'à l'époque de la révolution, et suivi du Manifeste ou de l'acte d'Indépendance des treize États-Unis", anonymously published in Ghent by Goessin in 1789.
Writings
L'Esprit des usages et des coutumes des différens peuples, ou observations tirées des voyageurs et des historiens (3 volumes, 1776). Réédition : J.-M. Place, Paris, 1988.
Encyclopédie méthodique. Économie politique et diplomatique, partie dédiée et présentée à monseigneur le baron de Breteuil, ministre et secrétaire d'État, &c. Par M. Démeunier, avocat, & censeur royal (4 volumes, 1784-1788)
Essai sur les États-Unis (1786).
Des Conditions nécessaires à la légalité des États-Généraux (1788).
Avis aux députés qui doivent représenter la Nation dans l'Assemblée des États-Généraux (1789).
L'Amérique indépendante, ou Les différentes constitutions des treize provinces qui se sont érigées en républiques sous le nom d'États-Unis de l'Amérique. Avec un précis de l'histoire de chaque province, & des remarques sur les constitutions, la population, les finances & l'état dans lequel les provinces se trouvent actuellement (1790).
References
Daniel Ligou ed., Dictionnaire de la franc-maçonnerie (Paris : Presses universitaires de France, 1987).
Roger Hahn, The anatomy of a scientific institution: The Paris Academy of Sciences, 1666-1803 (Berkeley : University of California Press, 1971).
Howard C. Rice Jr., Thomas Jefferson's Paris (Princeton : Princeton University Press, 1976).
Thomas Kiely Gorman, America and Belgium: a study of the influence of the United States upon the Belgian Revolution of 1789-1790 (London : T. F. Unwin, [1925]).
External links
Jefferson to Démeunier
Démeunier: L'Esprit des Usages et Coutumes des differents peuples (French text)
1751 births
1814 deaths
18th-century French writers
18th-century French male writers
18th-century French politicians
Members of the Sénat conservateur
Les Neuf Sœurs
Burials at the Panthéon, Paris
Encyclopedists
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5376637
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rotoshop
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Rotoshop
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Rotoshop is a proprietary graphics editing program created by Bob Sabiston.
Rotoshop uses an animation technique called interpolated rotoscoping, which has been used in Richard Linklater's films Waking Life and A Scanner Darkly, as well as the Talk to Chuck advertising campaign for Charles Schwab. The name is a play on Photoshop, a photo editing program from Adobe. The software is not currently available for use outside Flat Black Films, the developer of Rotoshop.
Aims
The software was developed to allow the user to create animation using techniques reminiscent of hand-drawn animation, yet preserving nuanced expressions and gestures that would not generally appear using traditional animation methods.
Use
Interpolation
Like Fantavision and Adobe Flash, Rotoshop allows for interpolation between keyframes. Once the artist has drawn key frames at the start and end of a time period, the program automatically generates intermediate frames. It is a simple form of "automatic tweening." Interpolated lines and shapes have a very smooth, fluid motion that is extremely difficult to achieve by hand-drawing each line.
Freezing
In order to manage different objects in the scene, the user can break the drawing into layers. A layer can be "frozen" so that a single drawing remains visible throughout the entire scene. This feature is necessary for backgrounds and other things that do not change shape through time. This frees the user from having to draw the same image for every frame in the sequence.
References
External links
Flat Black Films
Rotoshop Feature at TechTV Vault
Animation software
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5376643
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Presley%20T.%20Glass
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Presley T. Glass
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Presley Thornton Glass (October 18, 1824 – October 9, 1902) was an American politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for the 9th congressional district of Tennessee.
Biography
Glass was born on October 18, 1824 in Houston, Virginia in Halifax County son of Dudley and Nancy Carr Glass. In 1828, he moved with his parents to Weakley County, Tennessee where he attended Dresden Academy. He was elected colonel of militia when he was eighteen years of age. He studied law, attended one course at Lexington (Kentucky) Law School. He married Sarah C. Partee on December 20, 1848. They had two children, Hiram D. and James Nelson.
Career
Glass was admitted to the bar in 1847 and commenced practice in Ripley, Tennessee. He served in the Tennessee House of Representatives in 1848 and again in 1882.
During the Civil War, Glass served as commissary with the rank of major in the Confederate service.
Elected as a Democrat to the Forty-ninth and Fiftieth Congresses, Glass served from March 4, 1885 to March 3, 1889. He was an unsuccessful candidate for renomination in 1888.
Death
Glass died in Ripley, Tennessee on October 9, 1902 (77 years, 356 days). He is interred at Maplewood Cemetery.
References
External links
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
Members of the Tennessee House of Representatives
1824 births
1902 deaths
Tennessee Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
People from Halifax, Virginia
People from Ripley, Tennessee
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5376648
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanling%20Environmental%20Resource%20Centre
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Fanling Environmental Resource Centre
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Fanling Environmental Resource Centre () was a resource center under the management of the Environmental Protection Department of the Government of Hong Kong. It was located in Wo Mun Street, Luen Wo Hui, Fanling, New Territories, Hong Kong.
This was the third Environmental Resource Centre managed by the Environmental Protection Department. It was also the biggest of the three Centres.
There was an exhibition hall, a library, a conference room and a lecture room in the Resource Centre.
Fanling Environmental Resource Centre was closed in 2020.
Exhibition Hall
There were eight display zones in the exhibition.
Clean Air for You and Me
World of Silence
Reduce Waste, Start from Me
Protect Our Water Resources
Environmental Planning & Assessment
Community Education Interactive Station
Enforcement
Global Environmental Issues
The above display zones were to exhibit the problems and the solution of various kinds of pollutions.
Opening Hours
Closed in 2020.
See also
Wan Chai Environmental Resource Centre
Tsuen Wan Environmental Resource Centre
External links
Fanling Environmental Resource Centre
Museums in Hong Kong
Fanling
Science museums in Hong Kong
Nature centres in Hong Kong
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5376657
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%A1kv%C3%A1r
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Csákvár
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Csákvár is a town in Fejér county, Hungary.
See also
Csák family
References
External links
in Hungarian
Csákvár Fire Department
Csákvári TK – Football club
Populated places in Fejér County
Esterházy family
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3986480
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beiyang%20government
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Beiyang government
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The Beiyang government (), officially the Republic of China (), sometimes spelled Peiyang Government and also known as the First Republic of China, refers to the government of the Republic of China which sat in its capital Peking (Beijing) between 1912 and 1928. It was internationally recognized as the legitimate Chinese government during that time.
The name derives from the Beiyang Army, which dominated its politics with the rise of Yuan Shikai, who was a general of the Qing dynasty. After his death, the army split into various warlord factions competing for power, in a period called the Warlord Era. Although the government and the state were nominally under civilian control under a constitution, the Beiyang generals were effectively in charge of it. Nevertheless, the government enjoyed legitimacy abroad along with diplomatic recognition, had access to tax and customs revenue, and could apply for foreign financial loans.
Its legitimacy was seriously challenged in 1917, by Sun Yat-sen's Canton-based Kuomintang (KMT) government movement. His successor Chiang Kai-shek defeated the Beiyang warlords during the Northern Expedition between 1926 and 1928, and overthrew the factions and the government, effectively unifying the country in 1928. The Kuomintang proceeded to install its nationalist government in Nanking; China's political order became a one-party state, and the Kuomintang government subsequently received international recognition as the legitimate government of China.
Political system
Under the Provisional Constitution of the Republic of China, as drawn up by the provisional senate in February 1912, the National Assembly (parliament) elected the president and vice president for five-year terms, and appointed a premier to choose and lead the cabinet. The relevant ministers had to countersign executive decrees for them to be binding. The most important ministries were army, finance, communications, and interior. The navy ministry's importance declined significantly after most of its ships defected to the South's Constitutional Protection Movement in 1917. The communications ministry was also responsible for transportation, mail, and the Bank of Communications and was the base of the influential Communications Clique. The interior ministry was responsible for policing and security while the weaker ministry of justice handled judicial affairs and prisons. The ministry of foreign affairs had a renowned diplomatic corps with figures such as Wellington Koo. Because the generals required their skills, the foreign affairs ministry was given substantial independence. The ministry's greatest accomplishment was the 1922 return of German concessions in Shandong that were seized by Japan during World War I, which greatly boosted the government's reputation. The foreign affairs ministry successfully denied the South's government of any international recognition all the way until the Beiyang government collapsed. China was a founding member of the League of Nations.
The assembly was bicameral with a senate that had six-year terms divided into two classes and a house of representatives with three-year terms. The senators were chosen by the provincial assemblies and the representatives were chosen by an electoral college picked by a limited public franchise. The task of the assembly was to write a permanent constitution, draft legislation, approve the budget and treaties, ratify the cabinet, and impeach corrupt officials. An independent judiciary with a supreme court was also provided. Early law codes were based on reforming the Great Qing Legal Code into something akin to German civil law.
In reality, these institutions were undermined by strong personal and factional ties. Overall, the government was extremely corrupt, incompetent, and tyrannical. Most of the revenue was spent on the military forces of whichever faction was currently in power. The short-lived legislatures did have civilian cliques and debates, but were subject to bribery, forced resignations, or dissolution altogether.
During the Warlord Era, the government remained very unstable, with seven heads of state, five caretaker administrations, 34 heads of government, 25 cabinets, five parliaments, and four charters within the span of twelve years. It was near bankruptcy several times where a mere million dollars could decide the fate of the bureaucracy. Its income came primarily from the customs revenue, foreign loans, and government bonds, as it had difficulty collecting taxes outside the capital even if the surrounding regions were controlled by allied warlords. After the 1920 Zhili–Anhui War, no taxes were remitted to Peking outside of Chihli (Zhili) province.
History
Under Yuan Shikai (1912–1916)
After the Xinhai Revolution of 1911–1912, the rebels established a republican Provisional Government in Nanjing under President Sun Yat-sen and Vice President Li Yuanhong. Since they only controlled southern China, they had to negotiate with the commander of the Beiyang Army, Yuan Shikai, to put an end to the Qing dynasty. On 10 March 1912, Yuan became provisional president while located in Peking, his power base. He refused to move to Nanjing, fearing further assassination attempts. It was also more economical to keep the existing Qing bureaucracy in Peking, so the provisional senate moved north as well; the government thereby began its administration from Peking on 10 October 1912.
The 1912–1913 National Assembly elections gave over half the seats and control of both houses to Sun's Nationalist Party (KMT). The second-largest party, the Progressives led by Liang Qichao, generally favored Yuan. Song Jiaoren was expected to become the next premier, but he riled Yuan by promising to pick a cabinet with only KMT ministers. He was assassinated less than two weeks before the assembly convened. An investigation pinned the blame on Premier Zhao Bingjun, which suggested Yuan had played a part. Yuan denied that either he or Zhao killed Song, but the Nationalists remained unconvinced. Yuan then took out a huge foreign loan without parliament's consent. Sun led a faction of Nationalists against Yuan in a Second Revolution during the summer of 1913 but suffered complete defeat within two months.
Revival of the monarchy
In response to threats and bribes, parliament elected Yuan for a five-year term beginning on 10 October 1913. He then expelled the Nationalist legislators causing the assembly to lose quorum which forced it to adjourn. In 1914, a Constitutional Conference rigged in his favor produced the Constitutional Compact, which gave the presidency sweeping powers. The new legislature, the National Council, had the power to impeach him but Yuan also had the power to dismiss it at whim before any proceedings could take place. Still not satisfied, he reasoned that the Chinese people were used to autocratic rule and that he should seek to install himself as a new emperor. Yuan furthermore began participating in old Confucian rites connected to the monarchy.
In 1915 Yuan crafted a monarchist movement which symbolically begged him to take to the throne. He would politely and humbly refuse each time until a special national convention of nearly two thousand delegates unanimously endorsed him. Yuan Shikai "reluctantly" accepted and was crowned Emperor of China.
Former Justice Minister Liang Qichao saw through the ruse and encouraged the Yunnan clique to rebel against Yuan, sparking the National Protection War. The war went badly for Yuan, as he faced almost universal opposition. Most of his lieutenants deserted him. In order to win them back he announced the end of the Empire of China on 22 March 1916. However, his enemies called for his resignation as president. In June, Yuan died of uremia, leaving a fractured republic in his wake.
The beginning of the Warlord Era (1916–1920)
Li Yuanhong succeeded Yuan as president on June 7. Due to his anti-monarchist stance in Nanjing, Feng Guozhang became vice president. Duan Qirui retained his spot as premier. The original parliament elected in 1913 reconvened on August 1 and restored the provisional constitution. There were three factions in parliament now: Sun Yat-sen's Chinese Revolutionary Party, Liang Qichao's Constitution Research Clique, and Tang Hualong's Constitution Discussions Clique.
The first order of business was the creation of a national army. This was problematic as the southerners reacted suspiciously in fear that they may be deprived of their commands to untrustworthy Beiyang generals. No progress was made on this issue.
The second issue was World War I. Premier Duan and Liang Qichao was in favor of entering the war on the Allied side. President Li and Sun Yat-sen were opposed. Duan managed to strongarm parliament into breaking ties with the German Empire. Li fired Duan when his secret loans from Japan were revealed. Duan denounced his removal as illegal and set up base in Tianjin. Most of the Beiyang generals sided with Duan and demanded the dissolution of parliament. In June 1917, General Zhang Xun offered to mediate and went to Peking with his soldiers. Backed with German funds and arms, he occupied the capital and forced Li to dissolve parliament. On July 1, he shocked the country by restoring Puyi as emperor.
After escaping to the Japanese legation, Li reappointed Duan Qirui as premier and charged him with protecting the republic. Duan led an army that quickly defeated the Manchu Restoration. Li resigned as president and was succeeded by Feng Guozhang. Duan refused to restore parliament due to his unpleasant experiences with it in the past. He argued that his victory over the Manchu Restoration counted as a second Xinhai Revolution and set out to craft a new provisional senate which will draft the election rules for a new parliament. This senate cut the number of seats in the future parliament by nearly half.
His opponents disagreed claiming that under Duan's argument, he should resign as the premier's position cannot exist independently from parliament. Sun Yat-sen and his followers moved to Guangzhou to set up a rival government under the Constitutional Protection Movement with the backing of the Yunnan clique and the Old Guangxi clique. A rump of the old parliament held an extraordinary session.
The Beiyang government declared war on the Central Powers in August 1917 and began sending labor battalions to France and a token force to Siberia. Duan took out large loans from Japan, claiming that he planned to build an army of a million men to send to Europe but his rivals knew this army would never leave the country, its true purpose was to crush internal dissent since it existed outside the jurisdiction of the army ministry. Meanwhile, the war between the northern and southern governments led to a stalemate as neither side could defeat the other. Duan's favoritism in promoting relatives, friends, Anhuites, and proteges to high positions in the military and government caused strong divisions within the Beiyang army. His followers became known as the Anhui clique. His detractors rallied around President Feng and formed the Zhili clique. The Zhili clique favored peaceful negotiations with the south while Duan wanted to conquer it. Duan resigned as premier due to the president's interference but his underlings pressured Feng to restore him.
The 1918 elections for the new parliament were rigged to favor Duan's Anfu Club which took three-fourths of the seats. The rest went to Liang Shiyi's Communications Clique, Liang Qichao's Research Clique, or to independents. Because President Feng was simply finishing the five-year term Yuan began in 1913, he was obliged to resign in October. Duan replaced his archrival with Xu Shichang as president, the closest to a normal transfer of power in this government's history. Duan promised Feng's ally, Cao Kun, the vice presidency but the Communications Clique and the Research Clique opposed it after newspapers reported that Cao lavished enormous amounts of money on a prostitute. They also preferred to give it to a figure in the renegade South as a token of reconciliation. However, no southerner took up the offer and this left the vice presidency vacant. This set up an enmity between Cao Kun and Duan. When Feng relinquished the presidency, Duan resigned his premiership. Duan, however, remained the country's most powerful man through his network in the government and military. Convening on 12 August, the new parliament spent much of its time trying to draft a new constitution to replace the 1912 provisional one and engaged in polemics against the rump old parliament in the south.
In the 1919 Paris Peace Conference, Duan's ally, Cao Rulin, promised Japan all of Germany's concessions in Shandong. This sparked the May Fourth Movement which seriously weakened the Anhui clique's hold in government. Though the First World War had ended, the army Duan had created to send to the trenches was not disbanded. Instead, it was given to his deputy Xu Shuzheng to invade Outer Mongolia. This soured relations with Zhang Zuolin of Manchuria's Fengtian clique who considered such a large army bordering his territory as a threat. The Zhili clique demanded more influence in the government but in December Feng Guozhang died leaving the group momentarily leaderless. Cao Kun and Wu Peifu emerged as the leaders of the Zhili clique and they issued circular telegrams denouncing the Anhui clique. Cao and Zhang pressured the president to dismiss Xu Shuzheng. The president was already leaning against Duan for sabotaging his Shanghai peace talks with the South in 1919. Both Xu and Duan denounced the dismissal and promptly declare war on 6 July 1920. On July 14, the two sides clashed in the Zhili–Anhui War. Within a few days, the Anhui clique was defeated and Duan retired from the military. The new parliament was dissolved on August 30.
Ascendancy of the Zhili clique (1920–1924)
Although Zhang Zuolin's Fengtian clique played a minor role assisting the Zhili clique in the war, they were allowed to share power in Peking. Jin Yunpeng, who had ties to both sides, was chosen as premier. President Xu called for parliamentary elections in the summer of 1921 but because only 11 provinces took part the elections became invalid and no assembly was convened.
Zhang became worried over Wu Peifu's growing military strength and anti-Japanese stance which threatened his backers in Japan. Using a financial crisis as a pretext, he removed Jin and replaced him with Liang Shiyi in December 1921. Wu forced Liang to resign after a month accusing him of being pro-Japanese. He exposed Liang's telegram ordering diplomats to back Japan on the Shandong Problem during the Washington Naval Conference. Zhang then formed an alliance with the Duan Qirui and Sun Yatsen. Both sides sent circular telegrams to rally their officers and denounce their enemies. On April 28, the First Zhili–Fengtian War began with Wu clashed with Zhang's army in Shanhaiguan and won a major victory forcing Zhang to retreat to Manchuria.
Next, the Zhili clique started a national campaign to restore Li Yuanhong as president. Despite having co-existed with Xu Shichang for two years after the fall of Duan, they declared his presidency illegal as he was elected by an illegal parliament. They demanded Xu and Sun Yatsen resign their rival presidencies in favor of a unified government. Wu convinced Chen Jiongming to oust Sun from Guangzhou in return for recognition of his control over Guangdong. Enough members of the old parliament moved to Peking to constitute a quorum which superficially gave the government an appearance that it operated as it did before the Manchu Restoration in 1917.
Li's new administration was more powerless than his first. His cabinet appointments had to be approved by Wu Peifu. Wu's growing power and prestige outshone his mentor and superior officer, Cao Kun, which strained relations between the two. Cao wanted to become president himself but Wu tried to restrain his ambitions. President Li tried to create an "Able Men Cabinet" consisting of experts but he ruined it by arresting Finance Minister Luo Wengan on spurious rumours supplied by the speakers of parliament. The cabinet resigned en-masse and Wu was no longer able to shield Li. Cao Kun's followers controlled the new cabinet and bribed parliament to impeach Li. Next, Cao orchestrated strikes by unpaid police and had the utilities for the presidential manor cut. Li tried to take the presidential seal with him but was intercepted.
Cao Kun spent the next few months promoting his presidency by openly offering five thousand dollars to any member of parliament willing to elect him. This created universal condemnation but he was nevertheless elected and was inaugurated on Double Ten Day, 1923 with a new constitution, the only formal constitution promulgated until 1947. He neglected his presidential duties and would rather meet with his officers than the cabinet. The vice presidency was again left vacant to entice Zhang Zuolin, Duan Qirui, or Lu Yongxiang but none wanted to associate with Cao's infamy.
In September 1924, the Zhili clique general and Jiangsu governor Qi Xieyuan demanded control of Shanghai, which belongs in his province, from Lu Yongxiang's Zhejiang the last province controlled by the Anhui clique. Fighting broke out between the two provinces with Qi quickly gaining ground. Sun Yatsen and Zhang Zuolin pledged to protect Zhejiang, sparking the Second Zhili–Fengtian War. Zhejiang fell and for the next two months Wu was gradually winning against Zhang.
In the early morning hours of October 23, General Feng Yuxiang betrayed the Zhili clique by pulling off the Beijing Coup. He put President Cao under house arrest. Wu reacted furiously at this betrayal by pulling his army from the front to rescue Cao. Zhang pursued and attacked Wu's rear, defeating him at Tianjin. Wu escaped to the Central Plains where Sun Chuanfang held the line against Zhang.
Provisional Executive Government (1924–1926)
On 2 November 1924, Huang Fu was made acting president after Feng Yuxiang's request. He declared Cao Kun's presidency illegal as it was obtained by bribery. Any member of parliament who voted for him was subject to arrest. The 1923 constitution was invalidated and replaced with "Regulations for the Provisional Government". Puyi was expelled from the Forbidden City and several other reforms were made. Zhang, a monarchist, objected to the expulsion and Huang's government. Feng and Zhang agreed to make Duan Qirui the head of the provisional government and permanently dissolve the old parliament. The Provisional Chief Executive had the combined powers of the president and premier, the ability to pick his cabinet freely, and could rule without a legislature. While theoretically very powerful, in reality, Duan was at the mercy of Feng and Zhang.
Feng, Zhang, and Duan invited Sun Yat-sen north to discuss national reunification. Sun travelled to Peking but his liver cancer progressed. Duan created a 160-member Reconstruction Conference on 1 February. Sun was skeptical of Duan and Zhang who toyed with the idea of restoring Puyi. Sun died in March, leaving his southern followers divided.
Duan created a provisional legislature on July 30, the Beiyang government's last assembly. A constitutional drafting commission was also held from August to December but its draft was never accepted as warfare broke out after Fengtian clique general Guo Songling defected to Feng Yuxiang's Guominjun in November, sparking the Anti-Fengtian War. Wu Peifu made an alliance with Zhang against Feng in revenge for the coup. Guo was killed on December 24 and fighting went so badly against the Guominjun, Feng resigned and moved to the Soviet Union but was recalled by his officers in a few months. When the tide turned against the Guominjun, Duan restored the office of premier to shift responsibilities away from himself. The March 18 Massacre of protesters in Beijing led to Duan's downfall. Under heavy pressure, Duan held a special session of the provisional legislature that passed a resolution condemning the massacre. It did not stop Guominjun soldiers from disarming Duan's guards and forcing the Chief Executive to flee to a diplomatic legation the next month. When Zhang's troops retook the capital weeks later, he refused to restore Duan whom he saw as a treacherous double-dealing opportunist. The capital suffered heavily during the initial occupation as Zhang and Wu's troops raped and pillaged the city's inhabitants.
Zhang and Wu disagreed on who should succeed Duan. Wu wanted to restore Cao Kun as president but Zhang was vehemently opposed. What followed was a series of weak interim governments. The civil service collapsed due to the pillaging and lack of pay and the ministries existed in name only. There were mass resignations with remaining cabinet ministers pressured by the military to stay on. The only functioning parts of the bureaucracy were the postal service, customs revenue service, and the salt administration which was staffed by foreign employees. No legislature was created as it would have been too expensive and difficult to assemble.
Northern Expedition and military government (1926–1927)
In July 1926, the Kuomintang launched their Northern Expedition to reunify China and defeat the warlords. They rapidly defeated the armies of Beiyang-affiliated warlords Wu Peifu and Sun Chuanfang, sparking Zhang Zuolin to establish the National Pacification Army (NPA; also known as the Anguojun/Ankuochun) anti-Kuomintang warlord coalition in November 1926. Following a series of internal struggles within the KMT, Chiang Kai-shek purged the Communists from his National Revolutionary Army in April 1927, and the expedition was halted. During this period, a conference of the warlord leaders of the NPA was held in June 1927. They resolved that all civil and military power would be concentrated in the person of Zhang Zuolin. Zhang was declared "Generalissimo", and consequently formed a new military government. This was the only time in the history of the Beiyang regime that it was explicitly a military government. Pan Fu was made Prime Minister and Minister of Communications, Liu Changqing was made Minister of Agriculture and Labor, Yan Zebo was made Minister of Finance, Wang Yingtai was made Minister of Foreign Affairs, Liu Zhe was made Minister of Education, He Fenglin was made Minister of Military Affairs (including the navy), Shen Ruilin was made Minister of the Interior, Zhang Jinghui was made Minister of Industry, Yao Zhen was made Minister of Justice, and Xia Renhu was made Chief Cabinet Secretary. Zhang published a manifesto for the new government, declaring that he would free China from Bolshevism (the "Reds") and chaos, and that he would reverse the unequal treaties through negotiation. Soon after, Zhang's Foreign Office sent a request to the Japanese Legation in China to request the withdrawal of Japanese troops from Shandong. The civil service began to improve and start functioning again. The navy and army ministries were merged to create the Ministry of Military Affairs.
In early 1927, the NPA Political Commission, in an effort to make Zhang Zuolin seem more legitimate and popular, declared that a new policy would be taken by Zhang: "Development of the democratic spirit and opposition to oppression by force. Restoration of the national sovereignty and abolition of the "unequal treaties." Improvement of economic conditions and co-operation between capital and labor. Encouragement of popular education. Enforcement of a system of local self government. Reclamation of the frontiers and colonization of undeveloped areas. Preservation of the national sovereignty and characteristics. Readjustment of official morality and development of the morality of the people."
Immediately following the defeat of Wu Peifu, the Fengtian clique and the KMT had to decide what to do with the political situation in Manchuria. In August 1926, Jiang Zuobin, a KMT general in Hubei, was sent from Guangzhou to Mukden to discuss a possible alliance. Towards Winter 1926-1927, foreign observers were predicting the possibility of a Fengtian–KMT settlement. On 14 January, Reuters reported that Yang Yuting was working with Liang Shiyi to draw up a compromise between the two governments. During the early 1927 Fengtian–KMT negotiations, the KMT promised to "end the Northern Expedition (at Hubei, where they had already reached)", and allow the Fengtian clique to expand towards the south. According to the KMT, Zhang Zuolin would be made the Chair of the Central Executive Committee of the government according to the KMT, while Zhang himself wanted either himself or another Fengtian representative to be made President, with KMT representatives in the positions of Vice President and Premier. Zhang asked the KMT to stay to the provinces of Hunan, Hubei, Zhejiang, Sichuan, Yunnan, Guizhou, Guangdong and Guangxi, as well as ridding themselves of any foreign influence.
The military government was seen as something that could be redeemed from warlordism. There was a push for reform and reconstruction, as well as adopting a new modernity in politics. Below is an extract from Dagongbao in August 1927, after the NPA defeated the Kuomintang in Xuzhou:
However, the military government was never really able to establish its legitimacy well, as Zhang Zuolin lacked the political power to make reforms. Additionally, NPA military failures were detrimental to the public view of the NPA.
Demise (1928)
The National Pacification Army attempted to make other warlords, and, to some extent, ordinary people, perceive it as a peaceful unifying force, in contrast to the violent, revolutionary unification offered by the Kuomintang. The militarists in the NPA tried to reach a compromise with moderates in the KMT, believing that they could unify the country without bloodshed. From March to August 1927, the Fengtian clique and the KMT entered into negotiations. However, the leaders of the KMT were determined to pursue the destruction of the Beijing Government, and in mid-1927, Feng Yuxiang's Guominjun and Yan Xishan's Shanxi army swore allegiance to Chiang's KMT government in Nanjing, dealing a substantial blow to the Beiyang government.
Following their retreat from Henan, NPA leaders (excluding Sun Chuanfang and Zhang Zongchang) came together on 7 June 1927. The generals agreed to try to seek rapprochement with Nanjing and to endorse the Three Principles of the People. They proposed a new principle of "morality" (). They agreed on a reformation of the national government and suggested for Zhang a choice to either return to Manchuria and distance himself from politics or to establish his position as an important politician in the government. Two of the clauses agreed upon were the total destruction of Feng Yuxiang and joint decision-making in diplomacy between both the Beijing and Nanjing governments.
With the continuing advance of the KMT, Zhang was forced to abandon Beijing on June 3, 1928. On the way back to his power-base in Manchuria the next morning, his train was blown up by officers of the Japanese Kwantung Army, killing him, in what is known as the Huanggutun incident. Yan Xishan's troops soon occupied Beijing, effectively dissolving the Beiyang government; unification was declared on June 16 by the Nationalists. Beijing was renamed Peiping until the end of the Chinese Civil War in 1949. Zhang's son, Zhang Xueliang, took over the National Pacification Army and retained a government in exile led by Premier Pan Fu. However, many civil servants, including former ministers and presidents, had already switched over to the Nationalist government. The United States became the first major power to switch recognition to the Nationalist government in Nanjing on October 1. Japan was the last major power to switch because they detested the anti-Japanese attitude of the KMT. Zhang negotiated with Chiang Kai-shek to end this pretense leading to the dissolution of the Beiyang government, the NPA, and the unification of China under the Nationalist flag on 29 December 1928.
Maps of China from 1911 to 1928
Japanese attempts at revival
The Japanese had poor relations with the new KMT one-party state in Nanjing. When the Japanese created the separatist Manchukuo in 1932, the new country used Beiyang symbolism. These were followed by Mengjiang, the Provisional Government, and the Reformed Government; which all used Beiyang symbols. When the high ranking Nationalist Wang Jingwei defected to the Japanese, he was put in charge of the Reorganized Government in 1940. Wang insisted upon adopting Nationalist symbols to create a parallel rival government against the KMT government in Chungking instead of reviving the Beiyang government. Both Wang's government and Chongqing's Nationalist government used near identical symbols and claimed their continuity from Sun Yat-sen's rather than Yuan Shikai's regime.
See also
Beiyang Army
Republic of China (1912–1949)
Provisional Government of the Republic of China (1912)
Nationalist government (1924–1948)
History of the Republic of China
Politics of the Republic of China
Warlord Era
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Government of the Republic of China
Warlord Era
1912 establishments in China
1910s in China
1920s in China
1928 disestablishments
1920s disestablishments in China
Allied intervention in the Russian Civil War
1911 Revolution
Former countries of the interwar period
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3986485
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Combtooth%20dogfish
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Combtooth dogfish
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The combtooth dogfish (Centroscyllium nigrum) is a little-known, deepwater dogfish shark.
Description
The combtooth dogfish has no anal fin, grooved dorsal spines, two dorsal fins of about same size, a pointed nose, large eyes, small gill slits, a short abdomen, a short caudal peduncle, and is blackish-brown in color with white-tipped fins. It grows to a maximum of 50 cm.
Distribution
It is found in the eastern Pacific and around Hawaii.
Habits and Habitat
It is an uncommon deepwater shark found close to the bottom between 400 and 1,145 m.
References
FAO Species Catalogue Volume 4 Parts 1 and 2 Sharks of the World
Centroscyllium
Fish described in 1899
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5376661
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Fincham
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John Fincham
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John Robert Stanley Fincham FRS FRSE (11 August 1926 – 9 February 2005) was a noted British geneticist who made important contributions to biochemical genetics and microbial genetics.
Education and personal life
Fincham was educated at Peterhouse, Cambridge, where he read Natural Sciences. He earned his PhD in the Botany School at Cambridge and then did a year's postgraduate research at the California Institute of Technology with Sterling Emerson (whose daughter Ann he married).
Career and research
Fincham laboratory was among the first to demonstrate "intragenic complementation" through finding "pseudowild" progeny from am1 × am2 crosses. He obtained the first direct evidence for the "one gene-one enzyme" hypothesis, using mutants of Neurospora crassa deficient in a specific enzyme called glutamate dehydrogenase.
Fincham was appointed first as lecturer in botany (1950–1954) and then as reader (1954–1960) at University of Leicester. A year as an associate professor in the Massachusetts Institute of Technology preceded his appointment as head of the Genetics Division of the John Innes Centre (JIC) in 1961. Fincham's appointment at the JIC is an acknowledgement that much really progressive work in biology is now done with microorganisms and is a strategic move by K.S. Dodds to give JIC leadership in the field. During his time at the John Innes Centre, his treatise with Peter Day, the first edition of Fungal Genetics (1963) was released. The book gathered existing knowledge of basic biology, recombination, tetrad analysis, mating systems, and extranuclear inheritance together with a single chapter on biochemical genetics, which provided a common background to a growing community of scientists.
He remained at the John Innes until 1966, when he was appointed as professor and head of the newly established Department of Genetics at University of Leeds. In 1976, John was appointed to the Buchanan Chair of Genetics in Edinburgh and was head of the Department of Genetics until 1984.
Fincham was the Arthur Balfour Professor of Genetics at the University of Cambridge between 1984 and 1991. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1969 and a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1978. He was president of the Genetics society from 1978 to 1981. In 1977 he was
awarded the Emil Christian Hansen Medal for his contribution to research into fungi.
References
1926 births
2005 deaths
People from Southgate, London
Fellows of the Royal Society
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of Peterhouse, Cambridge
Arthur Balfour Professors of Genetics
English geneticists
British mycologists
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5376668
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turnagain%20Island%20%28Queensland%29
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Turnagain Island (Queensland)
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Turnagain, also called Buru Island, is an island of the Western Islands region of the Torres Strait Islands archipelago, located in the northern section of Torres Strait, Queensland, Australia. Turnagain is located within the Torres Strait Island Region Local government area.
Geography
The island is located approximately south of the Western Province of Papua New Guinea. Turnagain is in length and up to wide. Its area of is heavily wooded. It is uninhabited and is the shape of an elongated teardrop.
See also
List of Torres Strait Islands
References
External links
DFAT website
Australian Treaty Series 1985 No 4
Torres Strait Islands
Torres Strait Island Region
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5376671
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%B3kak%C5%91
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Csókakő
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Csókakő is a village in Fejér county, Hungary.
External links
Populated places in Fejér County
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3986503
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carol%20Lynn%20Townes
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Carol Lynn Townes
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Carol Lynn Townes is an American soul singer from Warrenton, North Carolina.
Career
Hailing from a family of gospel singers, she made her debut singing gospel at age three. She moved to New York in the early 1970s, joining a male soul group called Fifth Avenue. The group consisted of prominent jingle singers. With Townes as lead singer, the group recorded the single, "Wheeler Dealer", for Buddha Records, and followed with an album on RCA Records in 1976. But it was not until nearly a decade later that Townes achieved commercial success.
Signed to Polydor in 1982 as a solo artist, she recorded a cover version of Alton McClain & Destiny's "99 ½" for the Breakin' soundtrack in 1984. This became a Top10 dance club hit and made #22 on the US Billboard R&B chart, and #77 on the Billboard Hot 100. It peaked at #47 in the UK Singles Chart in August 1984. She then recorded "Believe In The Beat" for the follow-up film, Breakin' 2: Electric Boogaloo, in which she appeared at the end, performing the song. This track reached #56 in the UK and number 65 in Australia. This led to her own solo album, Satisfaction Guaranteed. She then recorded a second album, Try Me Out, released in 1988. This was followed by the 12" single "What I Wouldn't Do" on Easy Street in 1989, and a dance version of The Grass Roots' hit "Midnight Confessions" on Life Line in 1993.
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
American women singers
American soul singers
21st-century American women
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5376678
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Bookmarks
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Google Bookmarks
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Google Bookmarks is a discontinued online bookmarking service from Google, launched on October 10, 2005. It was an early cloud-based service that allowed users to bookmark webpages and add labels or notes. The service never became widely adopted by Google users.
Users could securely access their bookmarks on any device by signing into their Google Account. The online service was designed to store a single user's bookmarks as opposed to social and enterprise online bookmarking services that encouraged sharing bookmarks. The bookmarks were searchable, and searches were performed on the full text of the bookmark; including page title, labels and notes.
Additionally, a simple bookmarklet (JavaScript function) labeled Google Bookmark was at the bottom of the Google Bookmarks page which could be dragged to the toolbar of any browser to make bookmarking more convenient. This opened a window which simplified the process to save the bookmark to Google Bookmarks and add notes and labels.
The service was discontinued on September 30, 2021.
See also
Bookmark (World Wide Web)
Comparison of enterprise bookmarking platforms
Social bookmarking
List of social bookmarking websites
References
External links
Bookmarks
Online bookmarking services
Internet properties established in 2005
Internet properties disestablished in 2021
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5376680
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislav%20V%C3%ADzek
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Ladislav Vízek
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Ladislav Vízek (born 22 January 1955 in Chlumec nad Cidlinou) is a Czech football player. He played 55 matches for Czechoslovakia and scored 13 goals.
He played in the 1982 FIFA World Cup, and was sent off in Czechoslovakia's final game, a 1–1 draw with France in Valladolid.
He was a member of the gold Czechoslovakia team at the 1980 Olympic Games and the third-placed team at 1980 UEFA European Championship.
At club level, he played for Dukla Prague for many years.
Trivia
Vízek's daughter Pavlína married another Czech football player, Vladimír Šmicer, in 1996.
References
1955 births
Living people
People from Chlumec nad Cidlinou
Czech footballers
Czechoslovak footballers
Czechoslovakia international footballers
Footballers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of Czechoslovakia
Olympic gold medalists for Czechoslovakia
UEFA Euro 1980 players
1982 FIFA World Cup players
Dukla Prague footballers
Le Havre AC players
Ligue 1 players
Czechoslovak expatriate footballers
Expatriate footballers in France
Olympic medalists in football
Czechoslovak expatriate sportspeople in France
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Association football forwards
Sportspeople from the Hradec Králové Region
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5376687
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chery%20V5
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Chery V5
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The Chery V5, also known as Eastar Cross, is a compact MPV produced by the Chinese manufacturer Chery Automobile from June 2006 to 2015.
History
The Chery V5 or Eastar Cross was originally revealed at the Beijing Motor Show in 2004 by Chinese manufacturer Chery, the original Eastar Cross is built on the same platform as the second generation Chery Eastar and served as the estate version of the Eastar mid-size sedan. Chery unveiled their updated V5 at the Hangzhou Motor Show on June 5, 2015. The V5 is a crossover combining estate with MPV and seats up to seven, and is rebadged and sold as the Rely V5 in China and Chery Destiny in certain foreign markets.
Malaysia
The Chery V5 was first introduced in Malaysia on 2 July 2006. It came with a 2.0 liter petrol engine and was called the Chery B14.
A locally assembled version was launched on 3 September 2008 and was sold as the Chery Eastar. Unlike the earlier version, this model came with a 2.4 liter SOHC Mitsubishi long-stroke engine producing at 5,500 rpm and of torque at 3,000 rpm. It is mated to a 4-speed automatic transmission with manual shifting. It came with 1 year free service (for the first 1,000 units sold) and a 3+2 year warranty.
Later, while opening a 3S center in Section 13, Petaling Jaya, they launched a version called the "ST". It added a new grille, LED running lights, a bodykit as well as some improvements to the interior material and trim. The vehicle, available only in a red exterior shade, went for RM96,888 on-the-road. June 2013 saw Chery Malaysia launch the Eastar XT.
References
External links
Official website of the V5 (Eastar Cross)
Chery V5 (Eastar) Review
V5
Minivans
Compact MPVs
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
Cars introduced in 2006
Cars of China
2010s cars
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5376691
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cs%C3%A1kber%C3%A9ny
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Csákberény
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Csákberény is a village in Fejér county, Hungary.
Some outdoor scenes for The Witcher (TV series), particularly the fictional Battle of Marnadal, were filmed in the hills of this village.
References
External links
The Allure of Lakeside Hungary – The New York Times
Populated places in Fejér County
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5376693
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azazel%20%28Asimov%29
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Azazel (Asimov)
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Azazel is a character created by Isaac Asimov and featured in a series of fantasy short stories. Azazel is a two-centimeter-tall demon (or extraterrestrial), named after the Biblical demon.
Some of these stories were collected in Azazel, first published in 1988. The stories take the form of conversations between an unnamed writer (whom Asimov identifies in the collection introduction as himself) and a shiftless friend named George (named in "The Two-Centimeter Demon" as George Bitternut). At these meetings George tells how he is able to conjure up Azazel and their adventures together. George's greatest goal in life is a free lunch (or dinner, or ride, etc.), but Azazel is constrained so that he cannot directly benefit George. George can only call upon Azazel for favors to various friends, which invariably go awry. The stories' theme about a demon or alien that grants wishes echoes an earlier work by Lester del Rey, titled "No Strings Attached" from 1954.
"Getting Even" (1980) was the first story featuring Azazel, and was also the first "Union Club Mystery". Asimov stated that this story was omitted from both The Union Club Mysteries (1983) and the Azazel collection because it did not match the later stories in either series. However, it does appear in another anthology, Tales from the Spaceport Bar.
"Perfectly Formal" (1991) was a story within a story, purportedly written by a robot called Cal. It appeared in a story (also called "Cal") about a robot who learns to write stories. "Cal" appeared in the collection Gold.
Short story collection
The introduction of this book describes how Asimov came to create Azazel, with an explanation about how the stories and book came to be published. Stories included are:
"The Two-Centimeter Demon" – Written to introduce this collection, this story describes how the writer and George first met, and supplies information about Azazel. The tale is of George's goddaughter, in love with a mediocre basketball player. Azazel is asked to improve his game.
"One Night of Song" – A man asks revenge on mistress who cruelly dumped him - by giving her one night performing with a perfect voice.
"The Smile That Loses" – A woman asks George to capture her husband's radiantly happy smile in a photograph.
"To the Victor" – A young man is unsuccessful with women, so Azazel boosts his pheromones.
"The Dim Rumble" – A speleologist informs George that he has discovered a sound amplifier underground which, when disturbed, caused rumbles all over the world.
"Saving Humanity" – A man wishes to be cured of being a jinx - but also wants, as compensation, to be able to save humanity.
"A Matter of Principle" – An advertising man wants to write novels, but is unable to get past the first paragraph. George hopes to enrich himself with a share of the man's profit as a novelist.
"The Evil Drink Does" – A beautiful but forceful girl wants to get close to a man but can't overcome her inhibitions, and is extremely sensitive to alcohol.
"Writing Time" – An author is exasperated by the amount of time he must spend waiting everywhere he goes.
"Dashing Through the Snow" – In order to stay at a friend's country retreat during the winter, George arranges for him to be able to fly over snow.
"Logic Is Logic" – An idle rich man loves his snobbish club but makes no friends there, so Azazel gives him the ability to tell jokes.
"He Travels the Fastest" – George's former lover marries a rich man, but he is miserly and will not take her abroad. Azazel gives him the urge to travel.
"The Eye of the Beholder" – Two homely people fall in love and marry each other, but then the girl wishes she could be beautiful for him.
"More Things in Heaven and Earth" – An economist wants to accept a new position, but each person in the post has survived a shorter time period.
"The Mind's Construction" – A young detective believes any story a suspect tells him.
"The Fights of Spring" – An old friend's son at college is actually studying instead of the usual youthful pursuits. George arranges for the 97-pound weakling to beat the college bully.
"Galatea" – A young sculptress is in love with a male statue she has created.
"Flight of Fancy" – A skeptic argues with believers about the Bible, but what he really wants is to fly like an angel.
List of stories
Most of the Azazel stories originally appeared in magazines, such as Isaac Asimov's Science Fiction Magazine, The Magazine of Fantasy & Science Fiction, Analog Science Fiction/Science Fact, and Gallery. Besides the Azazel collection, a number of the stories featuring George and Azazel appear in other Asimov collections including The Winds of Change and Other Stories, Science Fiction by Asimov, The Asimov Chronicles, Magic, and as part of the "Cal" story in the Gold collection.
Sources
Asimovonline.com
Introduction to Azazel collection by Isaac Asimov
I. Asimov: A Memoir by Isaac Asimov, chapter 148
"Isaac Asimov’s short fiction (by category)" listing by John H. Jenkins
Notes
Science fiction short story collections by Isaac Asimov
1988 short story collections
Doubleday (publisher) books
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5376703
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rukmangada
|
Rukmangada
|
Rukmangada or Rukmangad is the name of a mythological king in the Hindu sacred books. He was a great devotee of Vishnu.
Legend
Rukmangada in mythology is looked upon as synonymous with performing his duties as a pious king. He was happily married to Sandhyavali and the couple had a small son named Dharmangada or Dharmangad. As a devotee of Vishnu, Rukmangada is very particular about observing the Ekadasi (the 11th day of every lunar fortnight), which is sacred to Vishnu, as a day of fasting, prayer, and abstinence.
The Gods decide to test Rukmangada faith. They sent Mohini, an apsara or celestial enchantress, to beguile Rukmangada. Mohini succeeds in her mission; upon first sight, the king is utterly bewitched by her beauty. A courtship ensues and Mohini extracts promises from the king to the effect that she will stay with him only as long as he grants her every wish and never thwarts her in anything. In particular, the promise is given that since Rukmangada is ardently seeking Mohini's favor today, he must never rebuff her when she makes advances to him in the future. Under these conditions, Mohini becomes Rukmangada unlawful lover. The virtuous Sandhyavali swallows her pride and receives Mohini into the palace.
On the day of Ekadasi, the time to test Rukmangada devotion to Vishnu is at hand. As usual, Rukmangada takes a ritual bath, anoints himself with the Kumkuma-chandanam (vermilion and sandalwood) pastes sacred to Vishnu, and sits down to his pooja before the idol of Vishnu, to spend the day in prayer, meditation, and fasting. Mohini chooses this time to approach Rugmangada and caress him. He rebuffs her with a reproach about the untimeliness of the advance. Mohini declares herself offended, reminds him of his promise, and demands its immediate fulfillment: Rukmangada must accompany her to the inner chambers immediately. Rukmangada is horrified, and words are exchanged; Mohini accuses Rukmangada of having beguiled her and ruined her virtue without being actually in love with her. There is nothing worse than a chaste woman can suffer. In losing her virtue she has lost everything that was precious to her. What reparation is possible? What penalty can even approach the magnitude of her loss? What one thing was dearest to Rukmangada? His son! Mohini presents Rukmangada with a horrific ultimatum: she will release him from his promise and leave his kingdom forever, but only if Rukmangada slays his only child, Dharmangada, as penance for ruining her.
After much mental agony, Rukmangada decides that he would rather kill his son than break the observance of Ekadasi and thus compromise his devotions to Vishnu. The distraught but unwaveringly devoted Sandhyavali acquiesces to this decision. Rukmangada raises his sword. Just as he is about to strike off his son's head, Vishnu appears before them, pleased. Vishnu reveals that Mohini is an apsara, sent to test Rukmangada's devotion, a test which he has passed. Dharmangada is crowned king. Vishnu takes Rukmangada and his pious wife Sandhyavali away to his heavenly abode, Vaikuntha. Thus King Rukumangada is famous for performing his devoted Ekadasi Vrata at the cost of his dear son also.
Related legend
King Rukmangada once visited the ashram of Rishi Vachaknavi. Here he met Mukunda, the wife of an ascetic. Mukunda was attracted to the king but he spurned her. A dejected Mukunda cursed Rukmangada that he be stricken by leprosy. Later, Rukmangada's leprosy was cured by bathing at the Kadamba pond.
Lord Indra had been attracted by Mukunda's beauty. Taking advantage of her attraction for Rukmangada, Indra approached Mukunda disguised as Rukmangada. Taken in by the ruse, her vanity flattered by the apparent succumbing of the man who had spurned her, Mukunda compromised herself. Their union led to the birth of a son whom she named Gruthsmadh. In due course, Gruthsmadh grew up and came to know about the events leading to his birth. He berated his mother and retired to the Bhadraka forest for meditation. This forest is today called Mahad. Gruthsmadh prayed to Lord Vinayaka to purge him of the sin that his birth entailed, and his wish was granted. The place where Lord Vinayaka appeared before Gruthsmadh to grant this boon is the site of the Varadavinayaka temple.
References
Characters in Hindu mythology
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3986522
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sp1%20transcription%20factor
|
Sp1 transcription factor
|
Transcription factor Sp1, also known as specificity protein 1* is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SP1 gene.
Function
The protein encoded by this gene is a zinc finger transcription factor that binds to GC-rich motifs of many promoters. The encoded protein is involved in many cellular processes, including cell differentiation, cell growth, apoptosis, immune responses, response to DNA damage, and chromatin remodeling. Post-translational modifications such as phosphorylation, acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation, and proteolytic processing significantly affect the activity of this protein, which can be an activator or a repressor.
In the SV40 virus, Sp1 binds to the GC boxes in the regulatory region (RR) of the genome.
Structure
SP1 belongs to the Sp/KLF family of transcription factors. The protein is 785 amino acids long, with a molecular weight of 81 kDa. The SP1 transcription factor contains two glutamine-rich activation domains at its N-terminus that are believed to be necessary for promoter trans-activation. SP1 most notably contains three zinc finger protein motifs at its C-terminus, by which it binds directly to DNA and allows for interaction of the protein with other transcriptional regulators. Its zinc fingers are of the Cys2/His2 type and bind the consensus sequence 5'-(G/T)GGGCGG(G/A)(G/A)(C/T)-3' (GC box element).
Some 12,000 SP-1 binding sites are found in the human genome.
Applications
Sp1 has been used as a control protein to compare with when studying the increase or decrease of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor and/or the estrogen receptor, since it binds to both and generally remains at a relatively constant level.
Recently, a putative promoter region in FTMT, and positive regulators {SP1, cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB), and Ying Yang 1 (YY1)] and negative regulators [GATA2, forkhead box protein A1 (FoxA1), and CCAAT enhancer-binding protein b (C/EBPb)] of FTMT transcription have been identified (Guaraldo et al, 2016).The effect of DFP on the DNA-binding activity of these regulators to the FTMT promoter was examined using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Among the regulators, only SP1 displayed significantly increased DNA- binding activity following DFP treatment in a dose-dependent manner. SP1 knockdown by siRNA abolished the DFP-induced increase in the mRNA levels of FTMT, indicating SP1-mediated regulation of FTMT expression in the presence of DFP. Treatment with Deferiprone increased the expression of cytoplasmic and nuclear SP1 with predominant localization in the nucleus.
Inhibitors
Plicamycin, an antineoplastic antibiotic produced by Streptomyces plicatus, and Withaferin A, a steroidal lactone from Withania somnifera plant are known to inhibit Sp1 transcription factor.
miR-375-5p microRNA significantly decreased expression of SP1 and YAP1 in colorectal cancer cells. SP1 and YAP1 mRNAs are direct targets of miR-375-5p.
Interactions
Sp1 transcription factor has been shown to interact with:
AATF,
CEBPB,
COL1A1,
E2F1,
FOSL1,
GABPA,
HDAC1,
HDAC2,
HMGA1,
HCFC1,
HTT,
KLF6,
MEF2C,
MEF2D,
MSX1,
Myogenin,
POU2F1,
PPP1R13L,
PSMC5,
PML,
RELA,
SMAD3,
SUMO1,
SF1,
TAL1,
UBC.
WRN,
DDX3X
References
Further reading
External links
Transcription factors
|
5376704
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Bromley%20London%20Borough%20Council%20election
|
2006 Bromley London Borough Council election
|
Elections to Bromley Council were held on 4 May 2006. The whole council was up for election and the council was held by the Conservatives, with their net gains putting them in their best state for over twenty years.
After the election, the composition of the council was
Conservative 49
Liberal Democrat 7
Labour 4
Election result
Ward results
Bickley
Biggin Hill
Bromley Common and Keston
Bromley Town
Chelsfield and Pratts Bottom
Chislehurst
Clock House
Copers Cope
Cray Valley East
Cray Valley West
Crystal Palace
Darwin
Farnborough and Crofton
Hayes and Coney Hall
Kelsey and Eden Park
Mottingham and Chislehurst North
Orpington
Penge and Cator
Petts Wood and Knoll
Plaistow and Sundridge
Shortlands
West Wickham
References
Bromley
|
3986527
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Regsvr32
|
Regsvr32
|
In computing, regsvr32 (Register Server) is a command-line utility in Microsoft Windows and ReactOS for registering and unregistering DLLs and ActiveX controls in the operating system Registry. Despite the suffix "32" in the name of the file, there are both 32-bit and 64-bit versions of this utility (with identical names, but in different directories). regsvr32 requires elevated privileges.
To be used with regsvr32, a DLL must export the functions DllRegisterServer and DllUnregisterServer.
The regsvr32 command is comparable to ldconfig in Linux.
Example usage
regsvr32 shmedia.dll for registering a file
regsvr32 shmedia.dll /s for registering a file without the dialog box ( silent )
regsvr32 /u shmedia.dll for unregistering a file
regsvr32 shmedia.dll /u /s for unregistering a file without the dialog box ( silent )
If another copy of shmedia.dll exists in the system search path, regsvr32 may choose that copy instead of the one in the current directory. This problem can usually be solved by specifying a full path (e.g., c:\windows\system32\shmedia.dll) or using the following syntax:
regsvr32 .\shmedia.dll
References
Further reading
External links
Microsoft TechNet Regsvr32 article
Explanation of Regsvr32 Usage and Error Messages
C# Frequently Asked Questions: What is the equivalent to regsvr32 in .NET?
A free graphical user interface for regsvr32.exe
Windows administration
Windows commands
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5376706
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingscote%20railway%20station
|
Kingscote railway station
|
Kingscote railway station is a preserved railway station on the heritage Bluebell Railway, located in West Sussex, England.
History
The station was opened in 1882, and as it was constructed under the influence of the London Brighton and South Coast Railway (LB&SCR), a then substantial provision of £17,000 was made to construct each two-platform through station on the line. The line's stations were designed to visually appeal to Victorian London-commuters, who had travelled into the Sussex countryside looking for either a commuter property, or country cottage for the weekend. The design is attributed to Thomas Myres in common with several other stations in Sussex.
Designed in the then fashionable "Domestic Revival" style (similar to the later Tudor Revival architecture style), located on the westwards facing No.1 upside platform, the lavish main station building was designed as a two-storey villa with a T-shaped footprint, with a single storey wing each side: booking office and toilets to the north; waiting room and storage to the south. All of this structure was fronted both sides by a timber-supported hipped canopy, which like all of the other buildings carried a hipped slate roof. The station had substantial sidings and a livestock loading dock located just to the north of No.1 platform. The downside No.2 platform was reached by a subway. The signal box was located on the north end of No.2 platform, and also controlled a single siding to the north of platform No.2.
Located in an area remote from any significant residential or commercial development, the station became known as the quietest on the LB&SCR. Were it not for the wood and logging trade which was undertaken on leased land within the station site, it is likely that the Southern Railway would have closed the loss-making station to passengers in the 1920s. Resultantly, in 1910 the goods shed was moved to Horsted Keynes, and the northern sidings complex greatly simplified. In the 1930s, the Southern Railway removed many of the superfluous LB&SCR decorations, and shortened the downside facilities to what was basically an open-plan shelter located next to the footbridge.
Closure
The station closed on 29 May 1955. As it was not one of the named locations in the Bluebell's original Act of Parliament, it - along with - remained closed when the line reopened from August 1956 to the second line closure in March 1958. The tracks were lifted by contractors in 1963, after which the site was sold to the original land owner. In the 1970s, the station was redeveloped as a fully residential house, with the downside No.2 platform demolished to allow substantial landscaping for a garden.
Preservation
The majority of the former station site, minus a commercial yard on the site of the pre-1910 sidings which is currently used by a builder's merchants, was acquired by the Bluebell Railway Extension Company Ltd (the legal vehicle used by the charitable Bluebell Railway Society to buy the former land on which the railway had run, and undertake reconstruction of the line northwards), in the 1980s.
After a public enquiry into the line's extension plans north from , and having gained planning permission for the whole redevelopment to , the railway was first extended to a loop just north of the now demolished to allow rebuilding of New Coombe bridge. This gave access to the station site at Kingscote, where an initial run-around loop was installed. After reconstruction of the former downside No.2 platform, the station was reopened in 1994. To comply with the extension's planning permission, the station has no public car parking.
From its reopening in 1994 to 2013, the station acted as the northern terminus of the Bluebell Railway, until the extension to was opened.
Present
Since reopening in 1994 the station has been adopted by the "Friends of Kingscote" group of volunteers, who provide general maintenance and undertake renovation projects. They also provide input to the Society's long term planning and development projects. This has included extending platforms to operate longer trains and rebuilding the signal box which was commissioned in 2015 employing a Westinghouse style L miniature lever frame unique in the standard gauge heritage railway world. During the winter most trains use platform No.1 whilst during the summer season No.2 is used more often because it has direct access to the picnic area and refreshment stand. Also known as "the loop" No.2 allows trains to pass each other on the single track line.
The station's reinstalled small goods yard is planned (under Bluebell's Long Term Plan) to be a re-creation of an authentic working 1950s country goods yard complete with Yard Crane, Cattle Pens and Coal Staithes.
See also
List of closed railway stations in Britain
References
Heritage railway stations in West Sussex
Former London, Brighton and South Coast Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1882
Railway stations in Great Britain closed in 1955
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1994
Bluebell Railway
Thomas Myres buildings
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3986528
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mick%20Mixon
|
Mick Mixon
|
Forest Orion "Mick" Mixon III is the former play-by-play radio voice announcer for the Carolina Panthers of the National Football League. Mixon took this position during the 2005 football season, replacing Bill Rosinski. Previously, he was the color analyst for the Tar Heel Sports Network, working alongside former "Voice of the Tar Heels," play-by-play announcer Woody Durham, beginning in 1989.
Mixon graduated from the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill in 1980 with a bachelor's degree in broadcast journalism. He was an adjunct lecturer in the UNC School of Journalism and Mass Communications.
Mixon was the play-by-play voice of the Maine Guides as well as the sports director of WCGC. Prior to joining the Tar Heel Sports Network, Mick was the sports director of WIS Radio.
While with the Tar Heel Sports Network, Mixon produced Inside Carolina Football with Mack Brown. He wrote a column for TarHeelBlue.com (now GoHeels.com). He also was the play-by-play voice for North Carolina Tar Heels baseball.
Mixon was named vice president of the Tar Heel Sports Network in 1996.
In 1999, Mick was named North Carolina Sportscaster of the Year.
In his spare time, Mixon plays drums for a cover band, the Franklin Street Band, and another band, Mick & the Ultras.
On June 3, 2021 Mixon announced that he will retire after the 2021 season.
References
American radio sports announcers
Carolina Panthers announcers
National Football League announcers
UNC Hussman School of Journalism and Media alumni
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
College football announcers
North Carolina Tar Heels baseball announcers
North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball announcers
North Carolina Tar Heels football announcers
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3986555
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Chen
|
Ronald Chen
|
Ronald Chen is currently University Professor, Distinguished Professor of Law and Judge Leonard I Garth Scholar at Rutgers Law School. Until August 2018, he was co-dean of Rutgers Law School and is the former New Jersey Public Advocate.
Chen was born on May 28, 1958, in Stamford, Connecticut, and raised in Berkeley Heights, New Jersey, where he now resides. He attended Dartmouth College, where he was president of Phi Tau fraternity and a member of the rowing team, graduating in 1980. He then attended Rutgers Law School, where he was editor-in-chief of the Rutgers Law Review, and graduated magna cum laude in 1983. He currently serves as Chair of the New Jersey Supreme Court Advisory Committee on Professional Ethics, and as a member of the American Civil Liberties Union National Executive Committee, and was elected General Counsel of the national ACLU beginning January 2018. He has also served as secretary and a member of the board of directors of the U.S. Rowing Association, was a referee in the 1996 Summer Olympics, and serves as Chair of the Masters Commission and a member of the Council of the International Rowing Federation, the international governing body of rowing.
Until January 2010, he served as the New Jersey Public Advocate, having been nominated to fill that position on January 5, 2006, by Governor of New Jersey Jon Corzine. He was the first public advocate since 1994, when the job was abolished by former Governor Christine Todd Whitman following the two-year tenure of Zulima Farber, who was Governor James Florio's Public Advocate. The first New Jersey public advocate—and the first of any state—was Stanley Van Ness, whose office filed an Amicus Brief in the case resulting in a decision which was to become known as the Mt. Laurel Doctrine, which prevents municipalities from using zoning as a means of excluding low-income residents. Prior to becoming public advocate, Chen was an associate dean and professor of law at Rutgers Law School, teaching courses on contracts, constitutional law, and the federal courts. He returned to Rutgers after his term as public advocate and resumed an active teaching and administrative role. In April 2013, he rose from Vice-Dean to Acting Dean, due to new responsibilities assumed by Dean John Farmer. He was appointed permanent Dean in April 2015. With the merger of the Newark and Camden campuses, he became co-dean of Rutgers Law School. until 2018.
References
External links
Biography, Rutgers School of Law biography of Ronald K. Chen.
Corzine Names Public Advocate and Environmental Protection Commissioner, press release dated January 5, 2006
Q&A with Ron Chen, the new Public Advocate
State cabinet secretaries of New Jersey
Dartmouth College alumni
Living people
1958 births
People from Berkeley Heights, New Jersey
Rutgers School of Law–Newark alumni
Rutgers University alumni
Rutgers School of Law–Newark faculty
Law school deans
|
3986558
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SP1
|
SP1
|
SP1 and variants may refer to:
Bowlus SP-1 Paper Wing, glider
SP-1 switch, a late 1960s telecommunications switch by Northern Electric
Sp1 transcription factor, a human protein
Dallara SP1, a race car
Savoia-Pomilio SP.1, a reconnaissance and bomber aircraft built in Italy during the First World War
USS Arawan II (SP-1), a motor yacht that served in the United States Navy as a patrol vessel from 1917 to 1918
Vektor SP1/SP2, a pistol
SP-01, a variant of the CZ 75 pistol
Shapley 1, an annular planetary nebula in the constellation of Norma
Service pack 1, a collection of computer program patches and alterations
Surface Pro, a laplet by Microsoft
Skulduggery Pleasant (novel), a young adult fiction novel by Derek Landy
a model of steam toy made by British manufacturer Mamod
a sink in the Sima Pumacocha, a cave in Peru
SP1, the midday news program broadcast on Rede Globo in São Paulo
|
5376707
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/King%20David%20Schools%2C%20Johannesburg
|
King David Schools, Johannesburg
|
The King David Schools are a network of Jewish day schools in Johannesburg, South Africa, offering nursery through high school education. There are three campuses across Johannesburg: Linksfield, Victory Park, and Sandton; "each school has an atmosphere of its own serving the specific community". The schools are under the auspices of the South African Board of Jewish Education.
King David aims to deliver "an excellent general education together with the study of Hebrew, Jewish Studies and the living of the Jewish calendar and year cycle" and to produce "graduates who are menschen, confident and equipped to pursue any opportunity they wish to, who are proud of their Jewish heritage and its traditions, who have a love for learning, and a determination to contribute to their society."
The Linksfield campus, in northeastern Johannesburg, was established in 1948 as South Africa's first Jewish day school (the high school was founded in 1955); see further under History of the Jews in South Africa. Many of the original buildings of the high school from 1948 still exist on the campus. As a relatively large school, King David Linksfield fields strong teams in several sports. The Victory Park campus (primary school, 1960; high school, 1964) serves northern and northwestern Johannesburg. It has fewer students than Linksfield. The Sandton campus, a primary school, is the most recently established (1982), and feeds into both high schools. Each campus also has its own nursery school.
The schools write the Independent Examination Board examinations for Matriculation; pass rates are very high, and pupils are often amongst the top-ranked, nationwide. The King Davids also achieve in various cultural activities, and, particularly Linksfield, in sporting activities. Each school is involved in several outreach and charity programs, focused on the Jewish and broader communities, including (matriculation) support and enrichment programs for Schools in Alexandra and Soweto. Many King David alumni are noted for their achievements, in South Africa and internationally – see Links below.
Although only a small minority of the pupils are observant – Johannesburg has several Religious day schools – the schools are (nominally) Orthodox. Practically, no school activities take place on Shabbat or on Jewish Holidays, all catering is Kosher, and the school day begins with Shacharit (Morning prayers). Educationally, each school has a Rabbi on staff, Hebrew and/or Jewish Studies are compulsory subjects until Grade 11 (Form IV), and the schools offer a "Beit Midrash stream" – established by Chief Rabbi, Dr. Warren Goldstein – for Grade 10s and 11s who choose this over the regular Jewish Studies classes. The schools are also served by "the DIJE" (Division of Informal Jewish Education), offering programmes which "complement the formal classroom and allow learners to engage with and experience their Judaism". "Encounter", for Grade 11s, is the DIJE's premier educational programme – it aims to "create a domain of conversation in which the participants are able to question, learn about and understand the relevance of Judaism in today's modern world."
An interesting fact is that the two high schools were headed by identical twin brothers, Elliot and Jeffrey Wolf, from the early 1970s through the 1990s; their involvement with the King Davids has continued since retirement, and they have devoted a combined 75 years to the schools.
The King David Schools' Foundation (KDSF) is active in fundraising, with a dual focus on outreach and subsidies/scholarships. Relatedly, it also acts as an alumni association through monthly e-newsletters, reunions and other fundraising events. KDSF was founded in 1994 under the auspices of the SABJE, as a registered non-profit organisation.
Notable alumni
Linksfield
Danny K (full name Daniel Koppel), singer, songwriter and actor
Shaun Rubenstein, canoer and Olympian
Adrian Gore, businessman and entrepreneur, founder and group chief executive of Discovery Limited
Dan Stein, Professor and Chair of the Dept of Psychiatry and Mental Health at the University of Cape Town
Gail Louw, playwright
Larry Cohen, professional footballer
Jonathan Kaplan, international rugby union referee
Victory Park
Akiva Tatz, Orthodox rabbi, inspirational speaker and writer
Lance Metz, mountain climbers
Max Price, former vice-chancellor and principal of the University of Cape Town
Andrew Kuper, founder and CEO of LeapFrog Investments
Debbie Berman, film and television editor, best known for her work on the Marvel Cinematic Universe.
See also
Jewish education in South Africa
Jewish day school
Johannesburg based Jewish day schools:
Torah Academy School, Johannesburg
Yeshiva College of South Africa
References
External links
Listing of all component schools
King David Linksfield: 1, 2
King David Victory Park: 1, 2
King David Sandton: 1, 2
King David Schools' Foundation, kdsf.org
"Dynamic Davidians" @ kdsf.org
Jewish day schools
Jewish schools in South Africa
Schools in Johannesburg
Jews and Judaism in Johannesburg
Educational institutions established in 1948
Orthodox Judaism in South Africa
1948 establishments in South Africa
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5376718
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paula%20Harmokivi
|
Paula Harmokivi
|
Paula Harmokivi (born May 20, 1975 in Lahti) is a former freestyle swimmer from Finland, who competed for her native country at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, Georgia. There she finished in 16th place with the 4x100 Freestyle Relay Team, and in 18th and 33rd place on her personal starts, the 200m Freestyle and the 400m Freestyle.
References
sports-reference
1975 births
Living people
Swimmers at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic swimmers of Finland
Finnish female freestyle swimmers
Sportspeople from Lahti
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3986586
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Azure%20kingfisher
|
Azure kingfisher
|
The azure kingfisher (Ceyx azureus) is a small kingfisher in the river kingfisher subfamily, Alcedininae.
Description
The azure kingfisher measures in length, and the male weighs while the female is slightly heavier at .
It is a very colourful bird, with deep blue to azure back, a large white to buff spot on the side of the neck and throat, rufous-buff with some blue-violet streaks on the breast and flanks. The feet are red with only two forward toes. The lores (the region between the eye and the bill) are white and inconspicuous except in front view, where they stand out as two large white eye-like spots which may have a role in warding off potential predators.
Taxonomy
The subspecies (see box at right) differ only in minor details: compared with the nominate subspecies Ceyx azureus azureus, C. a. ruficollaris is smaller, brighter, and has more blue on the flanks; C. a. diemenensis is rather large, short-billed, and has a distinctly darker crown; C. a. lessoni is more contrasting, with little blue on the flanks; C.a. affinis has a red billtip, as has the smaller C.a. yamdenae; and C. a. ochrogaster is very pale below. Still, there is very little intergradation in the areas where subspecies meet. Comparing subspecific variation with climate data, the former's pattern does not follow and in some instances runs contrary to Bergmann's Rule and Gloger's Rule.
The generic name Ceyx () derives from , a mythological seabird that was drowned at sea and then found washed ashore by his wife Alcyone, after which both were metamorphosed into kingfishers. The specific epithet is Mediaeval Latin azureus, 'azure'.
Distribution and habitat
The azure kingfisher is found in northern and eastern Australia and Tasmania, as well as the lowlands of New Guinea and neighbouring islands, and out to North Maluku and Romang.
The contact zone between the mainland Australian subspecies is along the east coast of Far North Queensland, between Cairns and Princess Charlotte Bay, and that of the New Guinea ones between Simbu Province and the northern Huon Peninsula, as well as south of Cenderawasih Bay.
The habitat of the azure kingfisher includes the banks of vegetated creeks, lakes, swamps, tidal estuaries, and mangroves.
It is common in the north of its range, tending to uncommon in the south. It is generally sedentary, although some seasonal migration may occur.
Behaviour
Feeding
The azure kingfisher feeds on small fish, crustaceans (such as shrimps, amphipods and freshwater yabbies), water beetles, spiders, locusts, and small frogs or tadpoles. It is often difficult to see until it quickly darts from a perch above water.
Breeding
The breeding season of the azure kingfisher is from September to April in northern Australia and from August to February in southern Australia, sometimes with two broods.
The nest is in a chamber at the end of a long burrow in an earthen creek bank. A clutch of 4–6 white, rounded, glossy eggs, measuring , is laid. Both parents incubate the eggs for 20–22 days, and then feed the hatchlings for a further 3 to 5 weeks. The nests are occasionally destroyed by floods and their contents may be taken by the brown snake.
Voice
The azure kingfisher is usually silent, but makes a sharp, squeaky call when breeding. Its voice is a high-pitched, shrill "pseet-pseet", often in flight.
Conservation status
Although the population of azure kingfishers is decreasing, their wide distribution enables classification as a species of least concern on the IUCN Red List.
References
Slater, Peter; Slater, Pat & Slater, Raoul (1989): The Slater Field Guide to Australian Birds (Revised Edition). Weldon, Sydney, Chicago.
External links
Photos, audio and video of azure kingfisher from Cornell Lab of Ornithology's Macaulay Library
Photo gallery & description
Photos of azure kingfisher from Graeme Chapman's photo library
azure kingfisher
Birds of the Maluku Islands
Birds of New Guinea
Birds of Australia
azure kingfisher
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3986594
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kakusei
|
Kakusei
|
Kakusei may refer to:
Kakusei (Go), a Go competition in Japan
Kakusei (album), an album by DJ Krush
Fire Emblem: Kakusei, a Nintendo 3DS video game
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3986600
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20the%20Night%3A%20Collectors%20Edition
|
Rock the Night: Collectors Edition
|
Rock the Night: Collectors Edition is a DVD released by the Swedish hard rock band Europe. It features the music videos the band made from 1986 to 1992. The bonus material is live footage and interviews from Swedish TV. DVD format is DVD9.
The DVD was released as Rock the World in North America.
Track listing
"The Final Countdown"
"Rock the Night"
"Carrie"
"Cherokee"
"Superstitious"
"Open Your Heart"
"Let the Good Times Rock"
"Prisoners in Paradise"
"I'll Cry for You"
"Halfway to Heaven"
Bonus Features
Rock-SM - Final 1982: "In the Future to Come" and "The King Will Return" (Live) + Award ceremony at Tyrol, Stockholm.
Casablanca - 1983: Interview with the band in the studio.
Bagen / Rocksugen - 1984: "Scream of Anger", "Ninja", "Dreamer" and "Memories" (Live) at the club Studion in Stockholm.
Rapport - 1986: Tour report from Örebro, Sweden.
Ritz - 1988: Report from the US tour with Def Leppard.
Europe (band) video albums
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3986605
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nisei%20Baseball%20Research%20Project
|
Nisei Baseball Research Project
|
The Nisei Baseball Research Project (NBRP) is a non-profit 501(c)(3) organization documenting, preserving and exhibiting history of Japanese American baseball. It was founded by Kerry Yo Nakagawa, the author of Through a Diamond: 100 Years of Japanese American Baseball. The NBRP's mission is to bring awareness and education about Japanese American Concentration Camps during World War II, through the prism of their multimedia projects and baseball. Also to recognize the many prewar Issei and Nisei ballplayers that never got an opportunity to play in Major League Baseball because of the 'color line' and their contribution as our American Baseball Ambassadors in the early 1920s and 1930s in Japan, Korea and Manchuko, China. These ballplayers also kept the All-American Pastime alive during their incarceration during World War II as they played 'behind barbed wire' and again were denied of professional MLB careers.
The project began on May 4, 1996, at the Fresno Museum as the first exhibit to display the photos, memorabilia, artifacts, and text history of the Nikkei in baseball. The exhibit covers the pre-war, Japanese Internment, and post-war periods and the legacy of the legends of Japanese American baseball. On July 19, the National Japanese American Historical Society co-sponsored the exhibit to venues in San Francisco, Oakland, and San Jose. On July 20, a Tribute to the Legends of the Nisei Baseball League was held before 50,000 fans at Candlestick Park. CNN News, Japan Baseball Weekly, the San Francisco Chronicle, the San Jose Mercury News, National Public Radio, and KNBR all covered this event.
The exhibit has been featured at the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum in Cooperstown New York, the California State Capitol Museum, the Arizona Hall of Fame Museum, the Portland Hall of Fame Museum in Oregon, the Four Rivers Cultural Center & Museum in Los Angeles, the San Diego Hall of Champions Sports Museum, and the Fresno Metropolitan Museum. Internationally, the exhibit was on display at the Japanese Baseball Hall of Fame in Tokyo.
In 2000, the Nisei Baseball Research Project produced a 35-minute documentary film, entitled Diamonds in the Rough: The Legacy of Japanese American Baseball, which was produced by Chip Taylor and narrated by Pat Morita.
NBRP has co-produced two curriculums through the Stanford Program of International and Cross Cultural Education and produced the dramatic narrative film 'American Pastime' released by Warner Bros. in 2007.
See also
Kenichi Zenimura
Satoshi Hirayama
External links
Official Site
profile on Kerry Yo Nakagawa on BaseballFantasyCamps.com
NBRP feature article on The Diamond Angle online magazine
NBRP feature on North Gate News Online (UC Berkeley)
History of baseball
Japanese-American history
Research projects
Asian-American organizations
501(c)(3) organizations
Projects established in 1996
Baseball organizations
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5376728
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0tefan%20%C4%8Cambal
|
Štefan Čambal
|
Štefan Čambal (17 December 1908 – 18 July 1990) was a Slovak football player and later a football manager. He played for Czechoslovakia, for which he played 22 matches. He was born in Pozsony and died in Prague.
He was a participant in the 1934 FIFA World Cup, where Czechoslovakia won the silver medal. At the tournament, Čambal became the first player of Slovak origin at a World Cup. In his country he started his career with 1. ČsŠK Bratislava, winning the 1927 amateur title in Czechoslovakia. He went on to play for clubs such as Teplitzer FK, SK Slavia Prague, SK Židenice and Baťa Zlín.
He was later a well-known football manager, coaching, amongst others, the Czechoslovakia national football team.
References
External links
Profile at weltfussball
1908 births
1990 deaths
Slovak footballers
Czechoslovak footballers
Slovak football managers
Czechoslovak football managers
1934 FIFA World Cup players
Czechoslovakia international footballers
SK Slavia Prague players
ŠK Slovan Bratislava players
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
AC Sparta Prague managers
Czechoslovakia national football team managers
Czechoslovak expatriates in East Germany
Expatriate football managers in East Germany
FK Vítkovice managers
FC Fastav Zlín managers
FC Lokomotíva Košice managers
Association football midfielders
Sportspeople from Bratislava
People from the Kingdom of Hungary
Sydney FC Prague managers
FC Fastav Zlín players
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3986609
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeanne%20Fox
|
Jeanne Fox
|
Jeanne Fox is the former President of the New Jersey Board of Public Utilities. She was originally appointed to the position in 2002 by former Gov. James McGreevey and was retained in the Cabinets of former Gov. Richard Codey and Gov. Jon Corzine. Fox retired from the NJ BPU in September 2014 and was succeeded by Upendra J. Chivukula.
Fox was the first former BPU staffer to become a commissioner on the BPU. In the 1980s, Fox held several positions with the agency in water management. Prior to her positions at the BPU, she was an election lawyer for the New Jersey Department of State. From 1991 to 1994 she served under former Gov. James Florio as Deputy Commissioner of Environmental Protection and Energy and for several months at the end of Florio's term as Acting Commissioner of Environmental Protection and Energy. In addition she represented New Jersey on several interstate boards while at the DEP. From 1994 to 2001 she served as Regional Administrator for the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in the administration of President Bill Clinton.
References
External links
Official NJ Board of Public Utilities Bio
EPA Bio
Garden State Woman's Magazine: Jeanne M. Fox - Leader By Example
New Jersey lawyers
State cabinet secretaries of New Jersey
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
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5376736
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spanish%20ship%20Galicia%20%28L51%29
|
Spanish ship Galicia (L51)
|
Galicia (L51) is a (LPD) of the Spanish Navy and is the seventh ship to bear this name. She is the lead ship in her class. The vessel was constructed in Ferrol, Spain and launched in 1997 and commissioned in 1998. Galicia is tasked with transporting Spanish marines, humanitarian aid missions and general logistic support. The LPD has taken part in actions against piracy in the Indian Ocean and off the Somalian coast, provided humanitarian aid following hurricanes and tsunamis and provided support during the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain.
Design and description
The project began in the Netherlands in 1990 as that country sought a solution to their LPD requirements. Spain joined the project in July 1991 and the definition stage was completed by December 1993. The Galicia class spawned from the joint Enforcer design with Spain's lead ship being authorised on 29 July 1994. The LPDs were designed to transport a battalion of marines and disembark them offshore and general logistic support. Vessels of the class have a full load displacement of . The vessels measure long overall and between perpendiculars with a beam of and a draught of .
The LPDs are powered by four Bazan/Caterpillar 3612 diesel engines in two sets initially creating though this was later increased to , and an electric generator tied to reduction gear. Each vessel has two shafts with , five-bladed variable pitch propellers. The ships also mount one bow thruster initially capable of but was later improved to . This gives the ships a maximum speed of and a range of at . The ships have a electric plant comprising four diesel generators capable of creating and an emergency generator.
The Galicia class have a flight deck capable of operating helicopters. The vessels have hangar area for four heavy or six medium helicopters. The LPDs usually sail with six AB 212 or four SH-3D helicopters embarked. They have a well deck and are capable of operating six landing craft vehicle and personnel (LCVP) or four landing craft mechanized (LCM) or one landing craft utility and one LCVP. Normally, they operate with four LCM-1E craft. Within the ship there is of parking space for up to 130 armoured personnel carriers (APCs) or 33 main battle tanks (MBTs). However, a maximum of 170 vehicles can be carried depending on size. Both ships have capacity for of ammunition and stores spread out within the of cargo space between the storerooms, flight deck and hangar. Galicia can transport 543 fully-equipped troops and 72 staff and aircrew.
The LPDs are armed with two Oerlikon Contraves cannon but can be fitted with four. They also mount six Sippican Hycor SRBOC MK36 chaff launchers. The Galicia class is equipped with KH 1007 air/surface search radar and AN/TPX-54 (V) Mk-XII (mode 4) identification friend or foe. Galicia has a complement of 115 with capacity for an additional 12 personnel.
Construction and career
Ordered on 29 July 1994, the vessel's keel was laid down on 31 May 1996 at the Empresa Nacional Bazán shipyards in Ferrol. Named Galicia for the autonomous community of Spain, the LPD was launched on 21 July 1997 and was commissioned by the Spanish Navy (Armada Española) on 30 April 1998. She is the sister ship to and is home ported at Naval Station Rota.
Galicia performed humanitarian aid operations to Central America following Hurricane Mitch from November 1998 to January 1999. The vessel took part in the cleanup following the wreck of the tanker and the resulting oil spill from December 2002 to February 2003. From January to April 2005, Galicia was deployed to provide humanitarian aid in Iraq.
Galicia took part in Operation Respuesta Solidaria in Banda Aceh after the tsunami in northwestern Sumatra. This was followed by Operation Libre Hidalgo in support of United Nations peacekeeping in Lebanon. The LPD made two deployments, one in 2010 and another in 2011, as part of Operation Atalanta fighting piracy in the Indian Ocean and off the coast of Somalia. In April 2020, Galicia was deployed to Melilla, Spain to aid the city in the fight against COVID-19.
Notes
Citations
References
External links
Buque de Asalto Anfibio Clase Galicia L-51 y Castilla L-52 (In Spanish)
Landing Platform Docks LPD / In Spanish Buque de Asalto Anfibio (In Spanish)
1997 ships
Amphibious warfare vessels of Spain
Galicia-class landing platform docks
Ships built in Spain
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3986610
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carpark%20North
|
Carpark North
|
Carpark North is a Danish electronic rock band. The band was formed in Aarhus, Denmark on 28 July 1999 by Lau Højen (vocal, guitar), Søren Balsner (bass, synthesisers) and Morten Thorhauge (drums). The name "Carpark North" was created from the electro and rock genres: "Carpark" stands for car parks, edges, roughness, metal - the rock part, and "North" stands for northern lights, stars ethereal electronics.
History
The foundation for Carpark North was laid at Mellerup Efterskole, where Søren Balsner and Lau Højen met and formed a band. This band played in the national championship in rock in 1997.
Søren and Lau split up after Mellerup, and Lau started his education at high school - Aarhus Katedralskole. Here he joined a band - "Spacekraft" and met Morten Thorhauge a young drummer from Søften. After a couple of months Lau and Morten formed their own band, and contacted Søren.
The first notes by Carpark North were played on a hot summer day in July 1999 in the MGK-facilities in Aarhus, Denmark.
In January 2010, the band announced that they had been signed internationally by Sony Music.
In 2016, the band released "Unbreakable," the theme song for LEGO's Nexo Knights television series.
Members
Lau Højen - vocals, guitar
Søren Balsner - bass, synths, vocals
Morten Thorhauge - drums
Awards
Danish Music Awards (2006) - Video of the Year ("Human"), directed by Martin de Thurah
Robert (2004) - Best Film Score ("Transparent & Glasslike")
Zulu Award (2003) - Newcomer of the Year
P3 Guld (2003) - Hit of the Year ("Transparent & Glasslike")
Gaffa Prisen (2003) - Newcomer of the Year
P3 Prisen (2001) - Newcomer MP3 Prisen
Appearances in media
TV show Alias (2005) - with the song "Homeland" from Carpark North.
Video game FIFA 08 (2007) - with the song "Human" from All Things to All People.
Film Midsommer (2003) - Carpark North's debut Carpark North was chosen to be the official soundtrack for the film.
Film Nordkraft (2005)
Discography
Studio albums
Compilation albums
EPs
Carstereo (2000) (demo)
40 Days EP (2002)
Singles
Notes
- "Transparent & Glasslike" didn't chart on the Danish Singles Chart until in 2009.
References
External links
Musical groups established in 1999
Danish rock music groups
Danish electronic rock musical groups
1999 establishments in Denmark
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5376740
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Goff%20Ballentine
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John Goff Ballentine
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John Goff Ballentine (May 20, 1825 – November 23, 1915) was an American slave owner, politician and a member of the United States House of Representatives for Tennessee's 7th congressional district and a colonel in the Confederate army.
Biography
Ballentine was born on May 20, 1825, in Pulaski, Tennessee in Giles County son of Andrew Mitchell and Mary Tuttle Goff Ballentine. He graduated from Wurtemberg Academy in 1841, from the University of Nashville in 1845, and from the law department of Harvard University in 1848. He was a member of the faculty of Livingston Law School in New York. He commenced the practice of law in Pulaski.
Career
Ballentine moved to Panola County, Mississippi about 1854, continued the practice of law, and engaged in the extensive family agricultural pursuits. There he met and married Miss Mary E. Laird, daughter of Dr. Henry Laird of Belmont. The couple had four children. He settled in Memphis, Tennessee in 1860. He served as a colonel in the Confederate Army during the Civil War. After the war, he returned to Pulaski, Tennessee.
Elected as a Democrat to the Forty-eighth and Forty-ninth Congresses, Ballentine served from March 4, 1883 to March 3, 1887. He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1886 and retired from active pursuits.
Death
Ballentine died in Pulaski, Tennessee on November 23, 1915 (age 90 years, 187 days). He is interred at the New Pulaski Cemetery.
References
External links
Members of the United States House of Representatives from Tennessee
University of Nashville alumni
Harvard Law School alumni
1825 births
1915 deaths
Tennessee Democrats
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives
19th-century American politicians
People from Pulaski, Tennessee
Confederate States Army officers
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5376748
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Ballentine
|
John Ballentine
|
John Ballentine may refer to:
John Goff Ballentine (1825–1915), American politician
John J. Ballentine (1896–1970), United States naval aviator
See also
John Ballantyne (disambiguation)
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3986613
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perfect%20phylogeny
|
Perfect phylogeny
|
Perfect phylogeny is a term used in computational phylogenetics to denote a phylogenetic tree in which all internal nodes may be labeled such that all characters evolve down the tree without homoplasy. That is, characteristics do not hold to evolutionary convergence, and do not have analogous structures. Statistically, this can be represented as an ancestor having state "0" in all characteristics where 0 represents a lack of that characteristic. Each of these characteristics changes from 0 to 1 exactly once and never reverts to state 0. It is rare that actual data adheres to the concept of perfect phylogeny.
Building
In general there are two different data types that are used in the construction of a phylogenetic tree. In distance-based computations a phylogenetic tree is created by analyzing relationships among the distance between species and the edge lengths of a corresponding tree. Using a character-based approach employs character states across species as an input in an attempt to find the most "perfect" phylogenetic tree.
The statistical components of a perfect phylogenetic tree can best be described as follows:
<p>A perfect phylogeny for an n x m character state matrix M is a rooted tree T with n leaves satisfying:
i. Each row of M labels exactly one leaf of T
ii. Each column of M labels exactly one edge of T
iii. Every interior edge of T is labeled by at least one column of M
iv. The characters associated with the edges along the unique path from root to a leaf v exactly specify the character vector of v, i.e. the character vector has a 1 entry in all columns corresponding to characters associated to path edges and a 0 entry otherwise.
It is worth noting that it is very rare to find actual phylogenetic data that adheres to the concepts and limitations detailed here. Therefore, it is often the case that researchers are forced to compromise by developing trees that simply try to minimize homoplasy, finding a maximum-cardinality set of compatible characters, or constructing phylogenies that match as closely as possible to the partitions implied by the characters.
Example
Both of these data sets illustrate examples of character state matrices. Using matrix M'1 one is able to observe that the resulting phylogenetic tree can be created such that each of the characters label exactly one edge of the tree. In contrast, when observing matrix M'2, one can see that there is no way to set up the phylogenetic tree such that each character labels only one edge length. If the samples come from variant allelic frequency (VAF) data of a population of cells under study, the entries in the character matrix are frequencies of mutations, and take a value between 0 and 1. Namely, if represents a position in the genome, then the entry corresponding to and sample will hold the frequencies of genomes in sample with a mutation in position .
Usage
Perfect phylogeny is a theoretical framework that can also be used in more practical methods. One such example is that of Incomplete Directed Perfect Phylogeny. This concept involves utilizing perfect phylogenies with real, and therefore incomplete and imperfect, datasets. Such a method utilizes SINEs to determine evolutionary similarity. These Short Interspersed Elements are present across many genomes and can be identified by their flanking sequences. SINEs provide information on the inheritance of certain traits across different species. Unfortunately, if a SINE is missing it is difficult to know whether those SINEs were present prior to the deletion. By utilizing algorithms derived from perfect phylogeny data we are able to attempt to reconstruct a phylogenetic tree in spite of these limitations.
Perfect phylogeny is also used in the construction of haplotype maps. By utilizing the concepts and algorithms described in perfect phylogeny one can determine information regarding missing and unavailable haplotype data. By assuming that the set of haplotypes that result from genotype mapping corresponds and adheres to the concept of perfect phylogeny (as well as other assumptions such as perfect Mendelian inheritance and the fact that there is only one mutation per SNP), one is able to infer missing haplotype data.
Inferring a phylogeny from noisy VAF data under the PPM is a hard problem. Most inference tools include some heuristic step to make inference computationally tractable. Examples of tools that infer phylogenies from noisy VAF data include AncesTree, Canopy, CITUP, EXACT, and PhyloWGS. In particular, EXACT performs exact inference by using GPUs to compute a posterior probability on all possible trees for small size problems. Extensions to the PPM have been made with accompanying tools. For example, tools such as MEDICC, TuMult, and FISHtrees allow the number of copies of a given genetic element, or ploidy, to both increase, or decrease, thus effectively allowing the removal of mutations.
External links
List of phylogenetics software
One of several programs available for analysis and creation of phylogenetic trees
Another such program for phylogenetic tree analysis
Additional program for tree analysis
A paper detailing an example of how perfect phylogeny can be utilized outside of the field of genetics, as in language association
Github for "Algorithm for clonal tree reconstruction from multi-sample cancer sequencing data" (AncesTree)
Github for "Accessing Intra-Tumor Heterogeneity and Tracking Longitudinal and Spatial Clonal Evolutionary History by Next-Generation Sequencing" (Canopy)
Github for "Clonality Inference in Tumors Using Phylogeny" (CITUP)
Github for "Exact inference under the perfect phylogeny model" (EXACT)
Github for "Reconstructing subclonal composition and evolution from whole-genome sequencing of tumors" (PhyloWGS)
References
Computational phylogenetics
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3986614
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Johns%20Country%20Day%20School
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St. Johns Country Day School
|
St. Johns Country Day School is an independent, coeducational private college preparatory school founded in 1953 in Orange Park, Florida, U.S.. It offers a PK–12 education, including a preschool, an elementary school, a middle school, and a high school, and maintains an enrollment of about 450 students each year.
History
St. Johns Country Day School was founded by Dr. Edwin Paul Heinrich and his wife Dorothea Aldine Heinrich on September 14, 1953. The couple moved from Washington, D.C. to Jacksonville, Florida in order to found the first private school in Clay County. The school was named after the St. Johns River, a nearby geographical landmark. The first location of the school was the second floor of a public building at the modern day location of Moosehaven. The first class consisted of 26 students from grades 1-10.By 1956, the lease on the building was expiring, so the Heinrichs purchased a 26-acre property further south on July 31, 1956. Ground was broken on construction on February 27, 1957, and the new building opened on August 21, 1957. Rod Fisher, longtime science teacher and landmark of the St. Johns campus, was hired in 1967 out of Catawba College. Dr. Heinrich served as the school's headmaster until his retirement in 1970. He was succeeded by Patrick Mackin in September 1970. On October 14, 1976, faulty electrical wiring caught fire and burned down nearly half of the school, leaving classrooms inoperable and causing smoke damage to the library.
Academics
Languages
St. Johns Country Day offers three languages: Latin, French, and Spanish. Each year students compete in their language's respective competitions: the Florida Junior Classical League Convention, Congrès de la Culture Francaise en Floride, and the Florida State Spanish Conference.
Athletics
St. Johns Country Day School has participated in competitive sports since 1958. The school currently offers soccer, girls weightlifting, basketball, baseball, volleyball, tennis, golf, cheerleading, cross country, track & field, softball, swimming, E-Sports, and football. The girls' soccer team has won the FHSAA Class 1 state championship ten times in a row between 2012 and 2021.
Notable alumni
Gay Culverhouse, former President of the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Notre Dame College
Stephanie Kopelousos, former Secretary of the Florida Department of Transportation
Mark Mori, American documentary filmmaker
Carson Pickett, American soccer player
References
High schools in Clay County, Florida
Preparatory schools in Florida
Private high schools in Florida
Private middle schools in Florida
Private elementary schools in Florida
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5376755
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abu%20Izzadeen
|
Abu Izzadeen
|
Abu Izzadeen (, Abū ‘Izz ad-Dīn; born Trevor Richard Brooks on 18 April 1975) is a British spokesman for Al Ghurabaa, a British Muslim organisation banned under the Terrorism Act 2006 for the glorification of terrorism. He was convicted on charges of terrorist fund-raising and inciting terrorism overseas on 17 April 2008 and sentenced to four and a half years in jail. He was released in May 2009, after serving three and a half years, including time on remand. In January 2016, he was sentenced to two years imprisonment for breaching the Terrorism Act by leaving the UK illegally.
Personal background
Abu Izzadeen is a British citizen born on 18 April 1975 in Hackney, east London, to a Christian family originally from Jamaica. Brooks converted to Islam the day before he turned 18, on 17 April 1993, changing his name to Omar, but preferring to be called Abu Izzadeen. He is fluent in Arabic.
He trained and worked for a while as an electrician. He has three children with his wife, Mokhtaria, whom he married in 1998.
Political activities
Abu Izzadeen met Omar Bakri Muhammed and Abu Hamza al-Masri at Finsbury Park Mosque in the 1990s; this is when he is thought to have been radicalised. He visited Pakistan in 2001, before the 11 September attacks, as part of Al-Muhajiroun; he said he went there to give a series of lectures. He also said he had attended terror training camps in Afghanistan.
He described the 7/7 suicide bombers in London as "completely praiseworthy". On the eve of the anniversary of the 7/7 attacks in London, he was filmed preaching to a group of Muslims in Birmingham mocking and laughing at those who believe in the war on terror and who feel a need to resist Islamic terrorism. He also mocked the courage of journalists who were captured by insurgents. He has openly stated that he wishes to die as a suicide bomber.
On 20 September 2006, Abu Izzadeen and Anjem Choudary disrupted Home Secretary John Reid's first public meeting with Muslims since his appointment. He called Reid an "enemy" of Islam. John Humphrys interviewed Izzadeen on the edition of 22 September 2006 of BBC Radio 4's Today programme. In a heated discussion Abu Izzadeen stated that his aim was to bring about Sharia law in the UK and that this should be achieved without following the democratic process but rather "in accordance to the Islamic methodology".
On 22 March 2017, Izzadeen was incorrectly identified as the perpetrator of the 2017 Westminster attack by a number of news sources, including Channel 4 News and The Independent, until it emerged that he was still in prison. This incorrect information was subsequently added to Izzadeen's Wikipedia page, sparking a conflict among editors over whether it should be included. It was removed once and for all eight hours after the attack, after Channel 4 apologized for incorrectly naming Izzadeen as the attack's perpetrator.
Arrests and convictions (2007–15)
British police arrested Abu Izadeen on charges of inciting terrorism on 2 August 2007. A spokesman for Scotland Yard said the arrest is related to an "on-going inquiry," involving a speech Abu Izadeen gave in the West Midlands area in 2006, which predates 20 September 2006 incident.
Izzadeen was arrested again in a pre-dawn police raid on 24 April 2007 under the Terrorism Act 2000 "in connection with inciting others to commit acts of terrorism overseas and terrorist fundraising".
On 17 April 2008, Izzadeen was among six men convicted at Kingston Crown Court of supporting terrorism, while the jury failed to reach a verdict on a third charge of encouraging terrorism. He was subsequently jailed for three and a half years.
On 14 November 2015, Izzadeen and Sulayman Keeler were detained by police in Lőkösháza, Hungary, on a train heading to Bucharest, Romania, because they were not able to identify themselves. During the time of their detention, on 17 November 2015, a European Arrest Warrant appeared in the Schengen Information System against both individuals. The two men did not inform the British authorities about leaving the UK despite the court decision ordering them to do so.
See also
Abdul-Aziz ibn Myatt
Khalid Kelly
Anjem Choudary
Abu Uzair
Hassan Butt
Andrew Ibrahim
Sulayman Keeler
Abu Hamza al-Masri
Omar Bakri Muhammad
References
1975 births
Living people
21st-century British criminals
Alleged al-Qaeda recruiters
Converts to Sunni Islam from Christianity
British Salafis
Criminals from London
British Islamists
English people of Jamaican descent
Islamic terrorism in the United Kingdom
People imprisoned on charges of terrorism
Sunni Islamists
British prisoners and detainees
Prisoners and detainees of England and Wales
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5376761
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alisa%20Durbrow
|
Alisa Durbrow
|
(born April 16, 1988) is a Japanese model, actress, and singer from Saitama Prefecture.
History
She is most famous for her role as Mio Kuroki in the Sailor Moon live action show Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon. Her mother is of Japanese descent, while her father is an American of English descent. She is fluent in both English and Japanese. Alisa also starred in the music video Koibito by Japanese rock band, Kishidan. Her current modeling agency is Junes.
Personal life
Alisa is currently married to Japanese singer Manabu Taniguti, who is known by his stage name Mah and is the vocalist of alternative metal-band SiM. The couple have a son together. Alisas hobbies include taking sticker pictures and shopping.
Actress - Filmography
TV series
GARO (2005/2006) - Superhero action/adventure. As Shizuka.
Pretty Guardian Sailor Moon (2003/2005) - TV Live Action Series. As Mio Kuroki.
V Jump TV - Channel BB as a regular MC
DVD
2002: Just a Princess
2006: Audrey
Photo books
2002: Just a Princess
2002: Suhada no Alisa
We Want to be a Model
External links
Official Blog
1988 births
Living people
Actors from Saitama Prefecture
Japanese child actresses
Japanese television actresses
Japanese television personalities
Japanese people of American descent
Japanese people of English descent
Musicians from Saitama Prefecture
21st-century Japanese actresses
21st-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers
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5376764
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muthia
|
Muthia
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Muthia is a Gujarati dish. The name is derived from the way it is made, from the 'gripping' action of the hand. It is a vegan dish. It is made up of chickpea flour, methi (fenugreek), salt, turmeric, chili powder, and an optional bonding agent/sweetener such as sugar and oil.
This dish can be eaten steamed or fried (after steaming).
In Gujarat, this item is known as Muthiya/Velaniya/Vaataa etc.
This item is known as 'vaataa' in Charotar area located in Central Gujarat.
Other varieties are made by using coarse flour of wheat and leafy vegetables such as amaranth, spinach, Luni or grated bottle gourd or peel of bitter gourd (karela)
After steaming, they are tempered with sesame seeds and mustard seeds.
References
External links
Muthia recipe
Gujarati cuisine
Indian snack foods
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3986617
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lithobolos
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Lithobolos
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A lithobolos () refers to any mechanical artillery weapon used and/or referred to as a stone thrower in ancient warfare. Typically this referred to engines that propel a stone along a flat track with two rigid bow arms powered by torsion (twisted cord), in particular all sizes of palintonon.
However, Charon of Magnesia referred to his flexion (bow) stone-thrower engine, a gastraphetes shooting 5–6 mina (), as a lithobolos; Isidoros of Abydos reportedly built a larger version shooting . Also, the euthytonon, a single-arm torsion catapult, was referred to by contemporaries as a stone-thrower, as was its Roman evolution the onager.
Stone-throwers of the same class looked alike, with their stone capacity scaling mostly with overall size. Machine dimensions can be approximated mathematically based on the equivalent spring diameter.
History
Buddhist texts record Magadhan Emperor Ajatashatru as having commissioned stone-throwers (mahashilakantaka) in his campaign against the Licchavis in the 5th century BCE.
The first recorded European stone-thrower machines were used by the armies of Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great. Polydias, Charias, and Diades of Pella, are the three engineers recorded designing machines for these armies, with Diades engineering at the sieges of Halicarnassus (334 BC) and Gaza (332 BC).
According to the Hellenistic engineer Philo of Byzantium, the common effective range against fortifications was with a load of ; at that distance, walls had to be thick to withstand the impact. Anti-personnel stonethrowers hurled much smaller balls, though arrow-shooters like the scorpio were preferred for these purposes. Super-heavy stonethrowers such as those fielded by Demetrius "Poliorcetes" at the Siege of Rhodes (305 BC) threw stones of up to and could be brought close to the walls in siege-towers. Balls of such size were found in small numbers in the arsenals of Carthage and Pergamon, corroborating ancient reports of their use. The Roman artillery engineer Vitruvius provided measurements for even more powerful stone-throwers, but it is not known whether these were ever used in combat. Modern experiments show that smaller projectiles could be hurled at least , while ancient authors record maximum ranges of as much as .
Siege engines of all types have been recorded as mounted on ships, with perhaps their first successful use at the Battle of Salamis (306 BCE) under the command of Demetrius "The Besieger". The enormous transport Syracusia possibly had the largest ship-mounted catapult of the ancient world, an machine that could fire arrows or stones up to .
During the Siege of Syracuse (214–212 BCE), the Greek defenders used a barrage of machines developed by Archimedes, including powerful stone-throwing ballistas. Archimedes had the record for the largest stone launched in the ancient world, from a ship-mounted engine, reported at 3 talents ().
Other Greco-Roman engineers and recorders of stone-throwers include
Zopyrus of Tarentum, Charon of Magnesia, Biton, Ctesibius of Alexandria, Dionysius of Alexandria, and Hero of Alexandria.
Variants
The Roman onager, a catapult powered by rope torsion, was sometimes referred to as a stone-thrower.
Archimedes reportedly designed a steam-powered gun to shoot spherical projectiles using the same principle of gas pressure as a gunpowder cannon. Leonardo da Vinci drew a design for a steam gun that he named "Architronito", citing Archimedes.
Aristotle first observed the phenomenon aerodynamic heating in the slight melting of the face of lead bullets thrown from ancient catapults and ballistas, using this to make some correct deductions of the physics of gases and temperature.
See also
Ballista
Catapult
Crossbow
Trebuchet
References
External links
Source cited for blueprints. Source for images:
More photos and details at
Legion XXIV made Palintonon reconstruction.
Digital reproduction ad with diagrams:
Palintonon image.
Ancient Greek artillery
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5376765
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Programmable%20Search%20Engine
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Google Programmable Search Engine
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Google Programmable Search Engine (formerly known as Google Custom Search and Google Co-op) is a platform provided by Google that allows web developers to feature specialized information in web searches, refine and categorize queries and create customized search engines, based on Google Search. The service allows users to narrow the 11.5 billion indexed webpages down to a topical group of pages relevant to the creator's needs. Google launched the service on October 23, 2006.
Services
The Google Custom Search platform consists of three services:
Custom Search Engine
Released on October 23, 2006, Google Programmable Search allows anyone to create their own search engine by themselves. Search engines can be created to search for information on particular topics chosen by the creator. Google Programmable Search Engine allows creators to select what websites will be used to search for information which helps to eliminate any unwanted websites or information. Creators can also attach their custom search engine to any blog or webpage. Google AdSense results can also be triggered from certain search queries, which would generate revenue for the site owner.
Subscribed Links
Provided as part of the original service, subscribed links were discontinued on 15 September 2011.
Subscribed Links were web results that users could manually subscribe to. Anyone was allowed to make a new Subscribed Link, and did not necessarily need knowledge on how to create a feed, as a basic link could be created. Subscriptions were then available in a special directory.
Topics
Topics are specific areas of search, which can be developed by people with knowledge of a certain subject. These topics are then displayed at the top of relevant Google web searches, so the user can refine the searches to what they want. Currently, there is a limited number of topics that Google is wanting to develop, namely Health, Destination Guides, Autos, Computer games, Photography and Home Theater.
See also
Yahoo! Search BOSS
References
External links
Google Custom Search
Custom Search
2006 software
Computer-related introductions in 2006
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5376779
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Active%20shooter
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Active shooter
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Active shooter or active killer describes the perpetrator of a type of mass murder marked by rapidity, scale, randomness, and often suicide. The United States Department of Homeland Security defines an active shooter as "an individual actively engaged in killing or attempting to kill people in a confined and populated area; in most cases, active shooters use firearms and there is no pattern or method to their selection of victims."
Most incidents occur at locations in which the killers find little impediment in pressing their attack. Locations are generally described as soft targets, that is, they carry limited security measures to protect members of the public. In most instances, shooters commit suicide, are shot by police, or surrender when confrontation with responding law enforcement becomes unavoidable, and active shooter events are often over in 10 to 15 minutes. "According to New York City Police Department (NYPD) statistics, 46percent of active shooter incidents are ended by the application of force by police or security, 40percent end in the shooter's suicide, 14percent of the time the shooter surrenders, and in less than 1percent of cases the violence ends with the attacker fleeing."
Terminology
In police training manuals, the police response to an active shooter scenario is different from hostage rescue and barricaded suspect situations. Police officers responding to an armed barricaded suspect often deploy with the intention of containing the suspect within a perimeter, gaining information about the situation, attempting negotiation with the suspect, and waiting for specialist teams like SWAT.
If police officers believe that a gunman intends to kill as many people as possible before committing suicide, they may use a tactic like immediate action rapid deployment.
The terminology "active shooter" is critiqued by some academics. There have been several mass stabbings that have high casualty counts, for instance in Belgium (Dendermonde nursery attack; 1 adult and 2 infants dead), Canada (2014 Calgary stabbing; 5 adults dead), China (2008 Beijing Drum Tower stabbings; 1 adult dead), Japan (Osaka School Massacre and Sagamihara stabbings; 8 children and 19 sleeping disabled adults dead, respectively), and Pennsylvania (Franklin Regional High School stabbing; no deaths). Ron Borsch recommends the term rapid mass murder. Due to a worldwide increase in firearm and non-firearm based mass casualty attacks, including attacks with vehicles, explosives, incendiary devices, stabbings, slashing, and acid attacks, Tau Braun and the Violence Prevention Agency (VPA) has encouraged the use of the more accurate descriptor mass casualty attacker (MCA).
Tactical implications
According to Ron Borsch, active shooters are not inclined to negotiate, preferring to kill as many people as possible, often to gain notoriety. Active shooters generally do not lie in wait to battle responding law enforcement officers. Few law enforcement officers have been injured responding to active shooter incidents; fewer still have been killed. As noted, more often than not, when the prospect of confrontation with responding law enforcement becomes unavoidable, the active shooter commits suicide. And when civilians—even unarmed civilians—resist, the active shooter crumbles.
Borsch's statistical analysis recommends a tactic: aggressive action. For law enforcement, the tactical imperative is to respond and engage the killer without delaythe affected orthodoxy of cumbersome team formations fails to answer the rapid temporal dynamics of active shooter events and fails to grasp the nature of the threat involved. For civilians, when necessity or obligation calls, the tactical mandate is to attack the attacker—a strategy that has proved successful across a range of incidents from Norina Bentzel (William Michael Stankewicz) in Pennsylvania and Bill Badger in Arizona (2011 Tucson shooting) to David Benke in Colorado.
Causation
Accounts of why active shooters do what they do vary. Some contend that the motive, at least proximately, is vengeance. Others argue that bullying breeds the problem, and sometimes the active shooter is a victim of bullying, directly or derivatively. Still others such as Grossman and DeGaetano argue that the pervasiveness of violent imagery girding modern culture hosts the phenomenon.
Some argue that a particular interpretation of the world, a conscious or subconscious ontology, accounts for the phenomenon. They argue that the active shooter lives in a world of victims and victimizers, that all are one or the other. The ontology accommodates no nuance, no room between the categories for benevolence, friendship, decency, nor indeed, for a mixture of good and bad. His interpretation of the world may grow out of or be fed by bullying or violent imagery (hence the common obsession with violent movies, books or video games), but it is the absolutist interpretation of his world that drives him both to kill and to die.
In The Psychology of the Active Killer, Daniel Modell writes that "The world conceived by the active killer is a dark dialectic of victim and victimizer. His impoverished ontology brooks no nuance, admits no resolution. The two categories, isolated and absolute, exhaust and explain his world. And the peculiar logic driving the dialectic yields a fatal inference: in a world of victims and victimizers, success means victimization."
See also
Ballistic shield
Immediate action rapid deployment
List of massacres
Running amok
School shooting
Spree killer
Active shooter training
Notes
External links
Active Shooter Mitigation Quiz
Active Continuous Training (ACT)
FBI releases study on active shooter incidents
Surviving an active shooter situation—what to do when someone is shooting at you
Four Ways PSIM Can Help in Active Shooter Situations
Law enforcement terminology
Mass murder
Rampages
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5376783
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lantau%20Link%20Visitors%20Centre
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Lantau Link Visitors Centre
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Lantau Link Visitors Centre is located on the Tsing Yi Island of Hong Kong.
It displays the information of the Lantau Link. The Centre contains models, photographs and panel texts about the Link.
There is a video on building of the Tsing Ma Bridge as well as one on the Airport Core Programme. A cross-section of the Tsing Ma Bridge's main suspension cable is on display outside the centre.
There are two computer quizzes provided for the visitors testing their knowledge of the Lantau Link.
There is a viewing platform outside the centre; the Tsing Ma Bridge can be viewed on the platform.
Transportation
The centre is accessible West from Tsing Yi station of MTR.
Exhibition link
Lantau Link Visitor Centre and Viewing Platform
Museums in Hong Kong
Tsing Yi
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5376784
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Bradley%20%28botanist%29
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Richard Bradley (botanist)
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Richard Bradley FRS (1688 – 5 November 1732) was an English naturalist specialising in botany. He published important works on ecology, horticulture, and natural history.
Biography
Little is known about Bradley's childhood aside from an early interest in gardening and the fact that he lived in the vicinity of London, a city at the time with many amateur naturalists. Though Bradley lacked a university education, his first publication, Treatise of Succulent Plants, gained him traction with influential patrons like James Petiver and later, Hans Sloane. With their support, he was proposed and elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1712, at the age of 24.
In 1714, Bradley visited the Netherlands and took an interest in horticulture. He spent the next decade back in England writing treatises on topics related to this central interest, like weather, fertiliser, productivity, and plant hybridisation. In recognition of his work in the field and with the (thereafter unfulfilled) promise that he would found and fund a university botanical garden, the University of Cambridge named Bradley its first professor of botany in 1724, a position he would hold until his death. As Bradley was not a wealthy man in his later life, and as this was an unsalaried position, the newly minted academic continued to focus most of his efforts on making a living through publishing. According to his rival and successor, John Martyn, as well as his successor, son Thomas Martyn, Bradley did this at the expense of his students, whom he reportedly neglected to even lecture to.
Career
Bradley made notable innovations and discoveries across a wide array of disciplines. For example, New Improvements of Planting and Gardening included directions for the making and use of a rudimentary kaleidoscope to aid in formal garden design and layout. He also wrote about cooking, and was the first to publish recipes in the English language using the then-exotic pineapple as the main ingredient. His History of Succulent plants was the seminal treatise on the topic, and his studies of tulips and auriculas helped further accurate theories of plant reproduction. Bradley was also a pioneer in the examining of fungal spore germination and the pollination of plants by insects. His publications additionally contained information on how to build and use greenhouses, early theories regarding agricultural productivity, and pond ecology.
Richard Bradley's most lasting work may be in the study of infectious disease. When many scientists were still holding fast to the ideals of mechanical philosophy, Bradley turned to empirical studies and experiments for his work. Though spread across a handful of his papers, when taken together, a unified, biological theory of infectious diseases spanning all life – from plants and animals to humans – emerges.
Selected bibliography
Bradley was the prolific author of at least twenty-four original books and pamphlets; some of his major publications are listed below. Dates are for first editions.
1710: Treatise of Succulent Plants
1716–1727: History of Succulent Plants (appeared in five instalments). Second edition corrected (London, 1739)
1719–1720: New Improvements of Planting and Gardening
1721: A Philosophical Account of the Works of Nature
1721: The Plague at Marseilles Considered
1721–1723: A General Treatise of Husbandry and Gardening (appeared in fifteen issues and later collected into three volumes from 1721–1724)
1727: Ten Practical Discourses Concerning Earth and Water, Fire and Air, as They Relate to the Growth of Plants
c.1727: The Country Housewife and Lady's Director (cookery)
1730: A Course of Lectures upon the Materia Medica, Ancient and Modern
References
External links
Database Entry at the Royal Society
Professors of Botany (Cambridge)
Botanists with author abbreviations
English botanists
English food writers
English gardeners
English naturalists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Pre-Linnaean botanists
1688 births
1732 deaths
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5376788
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Bradley
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Richard Bradley
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Richard Bradley may refer to:
Richard Bradley (archaeologist) (born 1946), British archaeologist
Richard Bradley (botanist) (1688–1732), English botanist
Richard Bradley (film producer) (born 1949), Australian film producer and publicist
Rich Bradley (born 1955), American politician
Richard Bradley (writer) (born 1964), American writer
Richard H. Bradley, American developer
Richard Bradley (racing driver) (born 1991), British racing driver
R. H. Bradley (1873–?), Canadian-born American politician
Richard Bradley (philosopher) (born 1964), South African philosopher
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5376793
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philip%20Giordano
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Philip Giordano
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Philip Anthony Giordano (born March 25, 1963) is the former Republican mayor of Waterbury, Connecticut, and a convicted sex offender. He was born in Caracas, Venezuela, to Italian parents and his family moved to the United States when he was two years old.
A lawyer, former state representative and former Marine (1981–1985), Giordano served three terms as mayor after being elected for the first time in 1995. In 2000, he unsuccessfully ran for a seat in the U.S. Senate, losing to Joe Lieberman.
Mayor of Waterbury, Connecticut
Giordano was elected mayor in 1995, defeating seven-term Democratic Mayor Edward "Mike" Bergin by 52% to 45%. He was re-elected with 53% of the vote in 1999.
During his time as mayor, he claimed to have balanced Waterbury's budget, but prior to his arrest a state oversight board had to intervene as a result of chronic pension underfunding and taking money out of the pension fund to balance the general fund. Upon Giordano's arrest in 2001, he was forced to step aside, leaving President of the Board of Aldermen Sam Caligiuri as acting mayor.
U.S. Senate race
In 2000, Senator Joe Lieberman was chosen by Democratic presidential nominee Al Gore to be his vice presidential running mate—and Lieberman also chose to run for a third term to the Senate (Connecticut law permits candidates running for both offices). Having little chance to defeat the very popular centrist Lieberman, few Connecticut Republicans wanted to take him on. Finally, the state GOP settled on Giordano. Lieberman focused on his vice presidential run and refused to show up at debates; Giordano, mostly ignored by the press, received some coverage by debating alone and mocking Lieberman. In the end, it mattered little, as voters returned the incumbent to the Senate by a nearly two-to-one margin (63% to 34%).
Convicted sex offender
While investigating municipal corruption, the FBI discovered phone records and pictures of Giordano with a prostitute, as well as with her 10-year-old niece and her eight-year-old daughter. He was arrested on July 26, 2001, and, in March 2003, was convicted of 14 counts of using an interstate device, his cellphone, to arrange sexual contact with children. He was also convicted of violating the girls' civil rights. He was sentenced to 37 years in prison. In July 2007 his motion to reduce this sentence was denied by a federal judge. In 2006, Giordano sued the city for back pay resulting from sick days and vacation time. In 2015, Giordano petitioned for a writ of habeas corpus and certificate of appealability, claiming that his original trial attorney never conveyed the offer of a 15-year plea deal. After a hearing and finding evidence to the contrary, CT District Court judge Stefan R. Underhill rejected Giordano's request.
Giordano is currently serving his original 37-year sentence at the Yazoo City Medium Security Federal Correctional Institution in Mississippi and is scheduled for release in 2033.
References
External links
http://www.nbc30.com/politics/2063329/detail.html
Mayor arrested on sexually related charges involving child
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1963 births
American people convicted of child sexual abuse
American politicians of Italian descent
Connecticut politicians convicted of crimes
Connecticut Republicans
Corruption in the United States
Living people
Mayors of Waterbury, Connecticut
Members of the Connecticut House of Representatives
People from Caracas
American politicians convicted of sex offences
American sex offenders
Prisoners and detainees of the United States federal government
United States Marines
Venezuelan emigrants to the United States
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5376794
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%C5%99ich%20Rulc
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Oldřich Rulc
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Oldřich Rulc (28 March 1911 – 4 April 1969) was a Czechoslovakian international football player.
Career
Rulc played club football for Sparta Prague and SK Židenice (currently FC Zbrojovka Brno). He also made 17 appearances and scored two goals for the Czechoslovakia national football team, including an appearance at the 1938 FIFA World Cup finals.
First League statistics
References
ČMFS entry
External links
Profile at fotbal.cz
1911 births
1969 deaths
Czech footballers
Czechoslovak footballers
1938 FIFA World Cup players
Czechoslovakia international footballers
AC Sparta Prague players
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
Association football forwards
Footballers from Prague
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3986619
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles
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2001 Australian Open – Women's singles
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Jennifer Capriati defeated Martina Hingis in the final, 6–4, 6–3 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2001 Australian Open. With the win, Capriati returned to the top 10 in rankings for the first time since 1993.
Lindsay Davenport was the defending champion, but lost to Capritati in the semifinals, in a rematch of their semifinals the previous year.
Seeds
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
References
2001 Australian Open draw
External links
2001 Australian Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
2001 Australian Open
2001 WTA Tour
2001
2001 in Australian women's sport
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5376795
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yves-Marie%20Adeline
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Yves-Marie Adeline
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Yves-Marie Adeline Soret de Boisbrunet (born March 24, 1960 in Poitiers, France) better known as Yves-Marie Adeline, is a French Catholic writer. He also was the founder and leader of the French political party, Alliance Royale.
Life
He is the father of eight.
He taught to the University of Poitiers from 1986 till 1989, then left the university and alternated periods of writing books and collaboration in political offices. He teaches again today the history of the political ideas in various centers of higher education.
Philosophy
His philosophic work concerns three areas of research: in general philosophy, in aesthetics and in politics.
In his book Le Carré des philosophes (the square of philosophers), he builds a " philosophic square " sides of which are four propositions: Science, Existence, Presence, and Will. The proposition "Existence" is original: Adeline distinguishes the being of the existence itself ; according to him, existence is a dimension of the being. So we can say : the time exists, or a body exists, but a soul does not exist, it "is" only, it is without existing, without existence. The presence in the man of a power recovering from the being but not from the existence shows itself by the Will. Adeline wants it to be the criterion of distinction between the man and quite other creature. Adeline considers the will as typically human, rather than the consciousness, of which he considers that it is a little sure concept in philosophy.
The will is on the contrary the demonstration of a being in the man, this nonexistent being which shows that a man is not only an object of existence.
Yves - Marie Adeline's aesthetic works update the doctrine of Empedocles according to whom " only the same knows the same ", but also the aristotelian finalism, according to which the best expert of a saddle is not the craftsman, but the rider. In his book "La Musique et le monde" (music and world),he fights against the official doctrine of the so-called "contemporary music", asserting that this music has been conceived on an exclusively theoretical vision. In "L'Appel des sirènes" (the appeal of sirens), Adeline develops his thought and widens it to the plastic arts.
In "Le Pouvoir légitime" (the justifiable power), preferring good institutions to good leaders, he recommends " an abdication of each of us for the benefit of a common and wholesome principle ", and concludes that a modern monarchy is the best regime. Opponent of the maurrassism, or any other nationalism, he prefers Bonald, and advances the mixed regime (monarchy - aristocracy - democracy).
Yves-Marie Adeline is also a poet : L'Epouse (the wife); Le Manteau d'étoiles (the coat of stars); Radieuse hostie (radiant host) ; Les Angéliques (angelica).
He has been the president of Alliance Royale, the French royalist party. Candidate with the European elections in 2004, then candidate with presidential election in 2007, he did not obtain the 500 votes of the mayors. With the municipal elections of March 2008 in the 7th arrondissement of Paris, he got 0.96%. He has since resigned the political militancy.
Works
L'Aube royale (Sicre 1991)
La Musique et le monde (Téqui 1994)
Le Roi et le monde moderne (C&T 1995)
Le Carré des philosophes (Trédaniel 1995)
La Droite piégée (C&T 1996)
Le Pouvoir légitime (C&T 1997)
La Droite où l'on n'arrive jamais (Sicre 2000)
Le Royalisme en questions (Editions de Paris / L'Age d'Homme 2002)
Les Amours dangereuses, poèmes (Editions Jean d'Orcival 1994)
La Main offerte, poèmes (Editions Jean d'Orcival 1994)
L'Epouse, poèmes (Sicre 2002)
Le Manteau d'étoiles, poèmes (Editions de Paris 2002)
Radieuse Hostie, poèmes (Editions de Paris 2004)
L'Appel des sirènes (Editions de Paris 200
Marie-Antoinette, Drame en cinq actes, Editions de Paris, 2005 (). [présentation en ligne]
Histoire mondiale des idées politiques (Ellipses 2007)
Les Angéliques, poèmes, Via Romana, 2008 ()
La Pensée antique, Ellipses, 2008
References
External links
Author's blog
" Yves-Marie Adeline On Video" February 18, 2007
1960 births
Living people
Politicians of the French Fifth Republic
French monarchists
20th-century French philosophers
21st-century French philosophers
Catholic philosophers
French Roman Catholic writers
20th-century French writers
20th-century French male writers
21st-century French writers
University of Poitiers faculty
21st-century French male writers
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5376796
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Developers
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Google Developers
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Google Developers (previously Google Code) , application programming interfaces (APIs), and technical resources. The site contains documentation on using Google developer tools and APIs—including discussion groups and blogs for developers using Google's developer products.
There are APIs offered for almost all of Google's popular consumer products, like Google Maps, YouTube, Google Apps, and others.
The site also features a variety of developer products and tools built specifically for developers. Google App Engine is a hosting service for web apps. Project Hosting gives users version control for open source code. Google Web Toolkit (GWT) allows developers to create Ajax applications in the Java programming language.(All languages)
The site contains reference information for community based developer products that Google is involved with like Android from the Open Handset Alliance and OpenSocial from the OpenSocial Foundation.
Google APIs
Google offers a variety of APIs, mostly web APIs for web developers. The APIs are based on popular Google consumer products, including Google Maps, Google Earth, AdSense, Adwords, Google Apps and YouTube.
Google Data APIs
The Google Data APIs allow programmers to create applications that read and write data from Google services. Currently, these include APIs for Google Apps, Google Analytics, Blogger, Google Base, Google Book Search, Google Calendar, Google Code Search, Google Earth, Google Spreadsheets, Google Notebook,
Ajax APIs
Google's Ajax APIs let a developer implement rich, dynamic websites entirely in JavaScript and HTML. A developer can create a map to a site, a dynamic search box, or download feeds with just a few lines of javascript.
Ads APIs
The AdSense and AdWords APIs, based on the SOAP data exchange standard, allow developers to integrate their own applications with these Google services. The AdSense API allows owners of websites and blogs to manage AdSense sign-up, content and reporting, while the AdWords API gives AdWords customers programmatic access to their AdWords accounts and campaigns.
Developer tools and open-source projects
App Engine
Google App Engine lets developers run web applications on Google Cloud. Google App Engine supports apps written in several programming languages. With App Engine's Java runtime environment, one can build their app using standard Java technologies, including the JVM, Java servlets, and the Java programming language—or any other language using a JVM-based interpreter or compiler, such as JavaScript or Ruby. App Engine also features a dedicated Python runtime environment, which includes a fast Python interpreter and the Python standard library.
Google Plugin for Eclipse
Google Plugin for Eclipse (GPE) is a set of software development tools that enables Java developers to design, build, optimize, and deploy cloud computing applications. GPE assists developers in creating complex user interfaces, generating Ajax code using the Google Web Toolkit, optimizing performance with Speed Tracer, and deploying applications to Google App Engine. GPE installs into the Eclipse integrated development environment (IDE) using the extensible plugin system.
GPE is available under the Google terms of service license.
Google Web Toolkit
The Google Web Toolkit (GWT) is an open source toolkit allowing developers to create Ajax applications in the Java programming language. GWT supports rapid client–server development and debugging in any Java IDE. In a subsequent deployment step, the GWT compiler translates a working Java application into equivalent JavaScript that programmatically manipulates a web browser's HTML DOM using DHTML techniques. GWT emphasizes reusable, efficient solutions to recurring Ajax challenges, namely asynchronous remote procedure calls, history management, bookmarking, and cross-browser portability. It is released under the Apache License version 2.0.
OR-Tools
Google OR-Tools provides programming language wrappers for operations research tools such as optimisation and constraint solving.
Google Code
Google previously ran a project hosting service called Google Code that provided revision control offering Subversion, Mercurial and Git (transparently implemented using Bigtable as storage), an issue tracker, and a wiki for documentation. The service was available and free for all OSI-approved Open Source projects (as of 2010, it was strongly recommended but no longer required to use one of the nine well-known open source licenses: Apache, Artistic, BSD, GPLv2, GPLv3, LGPL, MIT, MPL and EPL). The site limited the number of projects one person could have to 25. Additionally, there was a limit on the number of projects that could be created in one day, a 200 MB default upload file size limit, which could be raised, and a 5 GB per-project total size limit. The service provided a file download feature, but in May 2013 the creation of new downloads was disabled, with plans to disable it altogether on January 14, 2014. In March 2015, Google announced that it would be closing down Google Code on January 15, 2016. All projects on the site entered read-only mode on August 24, 2015, with the exception of certain Google-owned projects including Android and Chrome.
Residents of countries on the United States Office of Foreign Assets Control sanction list, including Cuba, Iran, North Korea, Sudan and Syria, were prohibited from posting to or accessing Google Code.
Gears
Gears was beta software offered by Google to enable offline access to services that normally only work online. It installed a database engine, based on SQLite, on the client system to cache data locally.
Gears-enabled pages used data from this local cache rather than from the online service. Using Gears, a web application may periodically synchronize the data in the local cache with the online service. If a network connection is not available, the synchronization is deferred until a network connection is established. Thus Gears enabled web applications to work even though access to the network service is not present. Google announced the end of Gears development on March 11, 2011, citing a shift of focus from Gears to HTML5.
Google developer events
Google I/O is Google's largest developer event, which, usually is held in May at the Shoreline Amphitheatre, Mountain View.
Google Summer of Code is a mentoring program to find students for open source projects. In 2016, the program received nearly 18,980 applications.
Google Code Jam is an international programming competition.
Google Developer Groups
Google Developer Groups (GDGs) are communities of developers who are interested in Google's developer technology products and platforms. A GDG can take many forms—from just a few people getting together, to large gatherings with demos and tech talks, to events like code sprints and hackathons. As of June 2020, there are currently 1000+ GDGs worldwide. DevFest is one of these events.
References
External links
Developers
Software developer communities
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santhome
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Santhome
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Santhome is a locality in Mylapore in Chennai city (formerly Madras) in India.
History
The word Santhome or San Thome is derived from Saint Thomas. The tradition is that he was martyred in AD 72 at St.Thomas Mount in the city, and was interred in Mylapore. Later a church was built over his supposed tomb and today is known as the San Thome Basilica. The Basilica is one of the three churches that claim to have been built over the tomb of an apostle. (Others include St. Peter's Basilica in Rome, Italy; the Church of Saint James the Great in Santiago de Compostela, Spain.)
St. Thomas Tomb
After Thomas the Apostle landed in Calicut and preached about Jesus in Kerala, he came to Chennai and preached about Jesus and was killed in AD 72 in St. Thomas Mount and possibly buried in Mylapore (presently Santhome). And as History a small and simple structure (church) was built over the tomb of Saint Thomas the Apostle by his disciples in AD 72.
In AD 1521 the tomb was renovated by Portuguese missionaries and built a church over the tomb. After the tomb of Saint Thomas the apostle was renovated the relic of Apostle was firstly shown in the church. And the body of Apostle was took into the town as grand procession in Santhome and Mylapore and again buried in the center of Santhome Church in 1523 after the church was opened. In 1545 Saint Francis Xavier visited the church and stayed for nearly 11 months and he often prayed in the tomb and celebrated Eucharist Mass in the main church. In 1729 the tomb was first opened to the public.
Santhome Church
The Portuguese explorers came to Mylapore in 1500, they saw the tomb of St.Thomas as small abandoned structure and they decided to build a church in that same place, in 1522 they started building the church with the order of King John III of Portugal and opened in 1523. And they named the east coast of Mylapore as Santhome were the church is located. In 1893 British decided to rebuild the church with the status of Cathedral and opened in 1896. Later on the church became Basilica and National Shrine of India. And also referred to be "International Shrine". It is a very important church in the world and most visited site in Chennai. Now it is known as "National Shrine of St. Thomas Cathedral Basilica" or "Santhome Church" built over the holy tomb of Saint Thomas the Apostle. The glory and dignity of St. Thomas shown in this Cathedral Basilica Church.
Battle of St Thomé
During the First Carnatic War, after the French captured Fort St George from the British, the Nawab of the Carnatic, Anwaruddin Muhammed Khan, expected the town to be handed over to him as overlord. Anwaruddin responded by sending a 10,000 man army under Mahfuz Kahn, his son, to take the fort from Dupleix by force forcing him to move south. Khan seized Santhome and formed a battle line on the north bank of the Adyar River on 22 October to prevent the French from moving up reinforcements from Pondicherry.
When Kahn's forces approached the walls however, the garrison's gunnery compelled them to retire. French Governor-General Joseph François Dupleix sent a relief force from Pondicherry that met Khan's army at the Adyar River. Although the French had only 300 troops, in the Battle of Adyar they executed a bold attack that drove the Nawab's forces into the town. The French then expelled them and forced them to retreat towards Arcot. By this action the French ceased being suppliants to the local ruler.
Santhome now
Santhome has some premier educational institutions. Hence, it became an administrative capital locality of the Archdiocese of Madras-Mylapore. These include Rosary Matriculation School, St. Bedes A. I. Hr. Sec. School, Santhome Higher Secondary school, St. Raphel's School and Dominic Savio Matric. School. The official residence of the Archbishop of the Madras - Mylapore Archdiocese is in Santhome adjacent to the Basilica. The consulates of Russia and Spain are also in this area. The Santhome High Road stretches from the light house side of the famous Marina beach and goes through in front of St. Thomas basilica towards Adyar.
Gallery
References
See also
San Thome Basilica
Neighbourhoods in Chennai
Coastal neighbourhoods of Chennai
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuala%20McKeever
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Nuala McKeever
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Nuala McKeever (born 1964) is an actress from Belfast, Northern Ireland.
Early life and education
McKeever grew up in the west of the city and graduated from Queen's University Belfast with a degree in languages.
Career
After graduating from university, McKeever worked at BBC Northern Ireland for eight years, initially as a secretary before becoming a researcher.
One of the first projects she worked on after quitting her research job was The Wilsons, for BBC Radio Ulster.
This was followed by an appearance in Two Ceasefires and a Wedding (1995), a short film made for the BBC by the Northern Irish comedy group Hole in the Wall Gang. The resulting comedy television series Give My Head Peace made McKeever a household name in Northern Ireland. She played the character "Emer" for two series.
After leaving Give My Head Peace, she was hired by UTV. Here she wrote and produced McKeever, a sketch show.
Her first play, Out of The Box, directed by Andrea Montgomery, premiered at the Belfast Festival at Queen's in October 2005, and subsequently was performed at the Riverside Theatre, Coleraine at the University of Ulster and at the Lyric Theatre in Belfast in April 2006. The play toured across Ireland before closing with a week as the first production in the new Grand Opera House Studio in Belfast in December 2006.
Subsequently, McKeever and Montgomery produced It's Not All Rain & Potatoes, a sketch comedy about Ireland for Terra Nova Productions, and Is It Me?, a sitcom for BBC Northern Ireland.
Personal life
Her long-term partner Australian-born Mike Moloney died at his north Belfast home in April 2013.
In 2014 she came out as a lesbian in her newspaper column.
On 25 May 2020 she was presenting BBC Radio Ulster and without her knowledge that her microphone had been left on she said regarding Prime Minister Johnson's top aid Dominic Cummings “I was thinking he was such a dick I had written his name down as Richard Cummings” which was broadcast over the airwaves,
The BBC told the Belfast Telegraph “the comments were not intended for broadcast and should not have been… We very much regret what happened and the upset caused.”
See also
List of British actors
List of British playwrights since 1950
List of Queen's University Belfast people
References
External links
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
20th-century births
20th-century actresses from Northern Ireland
20th-century British writers
21st-century actresses from Northern Ireland
21st-century British writers
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
BBC Northern Ireland
British television producers
British women television producers
Television writers from Northern Ireland
British women dramatists and playwrights
Women comedians from Northern Ireland
Women dramatists and playwrights from Northern Ireland
Film actresses from Northern Ireland
Television actresses from Northern Ireland
LGBT rights activists from Northern Ireland
LGBT people from Northern Ireland
Actresses from Belfast
Comedians from Belfast
Living people
Television producers from Northern Ireland
20th-century British women writers
21st-century women writers from Northern Ireland
Satirists from Northern Ireland
Comedy writers from Northern Ireland
20th-century Irish women writers
20th-century Irish writers
21st-century Irish women writers
21st-century Irish writers
British women television writers
Women satirists
British lesbian actresses
Irish lesbian writers
LGBT writers from Northern Ireland
LGBT producers
LGBT journalists from the United Kingdom
LGBT entertainers from the United Kingdom
British lesbian writers
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Martyn
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Thomas Martyn
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Thomas Martyn (23 September 1735 – 3 June 1825) was an English botanist and Professor of Botany at Cambridge University. He is sometimes confused with the conchologist and entomologist of the same name.
Life
Thomas Martyn was the son of the botanist John Martyn (1699–1768). He was educated in Chelsea and at Emmanuel College, Cambridge, graduating BA in 1756 and becoming a fellow of Sidney Sussex College and being ordained deacon in 1758. In 1759 he became MA and priest. In 1762 he succeeded his father as Professor of Botany at the University, and held the post until his death in 1825, though he only lectured until 1796 'as the subject was not popular'. Thomas Martyn's professorship at Cambridge lasted for 63 years, while his father had held the same post for 29 years. Thomas Martyn was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1786.
Works
Two of Martyn's major works are Plantæ Cantabrigiensis (1763) and Flora Rustica, 4 vols. (1792–1794). He translated the Lettres sur la botanique of Rousseau. In 1799 he published Thirty-eight Plates with Explanations, illustrating the plant system devised by Linnaeus As a priest in the Anglican church Thomas Martyn preached until he was 82 years old; in 1830 George Cornelius Gorham, his curate, published a dual biography consisting of additions to Martyn's memoir of his father and Martyn's autobiographical memoir (Memoirs of John Martyn, F.R.S., and of Thomas Martyn, B.D., F.R.S, F.L.S., Professors of Botany in the University of Cambridge, London, Hatchard & Son).
Thomas Martyn's other written works include: The English Connoisseur (1766); The Gentleman's Guide in his Tour through Italy (1787) and The Language of Botany (1793).
His book in 1807, The Gardeners' and Botanists' Dictionary, improved and expanded Philip Miller's 1731 book The Gardeners Dictionary.
Publications
Thomas Martyn, Some account of the late John Martyn, F.R.S., and his writings. London: 1770. An expanded version of this memoir was prepared and published by George Gorham in 1830.
For a full list, see Gorham p. 267
References
Bibliography
1735 births
1825 deaths
18th-century British botanists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
Fellows of Sidney Sussex College, Cambridge
19th-century British botanists
Professors of Botany (Cambridge)
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Images
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Google Images
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Google Images (previously Google Image Search) is a search engine owned by Google that allows users to search the World Wide Web for images. It was introduced on July 12, 2001 due to a demand for pictures of the green Versace dress of Jennifer Lopez worn in February 2000. In 2011, reverse image search functionality was added.
When searching for an image, a thumbnail of each matching image is displayed. When the user clicks on a thumbnail, the image is displayed in a larger size, and users may visit the webpage on which the image is used.
History
Beginnings and expansion (2001–2011)
In 2000, Google Search results were limited to simple pages of text with links. Google's developers worked on developing this further, and they realized that an image search tool was required to answer "the most popular search query" they had seen to date: the green Versace dress of Jennifer Lopez worn in February 2000.
Google paired a recently hired engineer Huican Zhu with product manager Susan Wojcicki (now the current CEO of YouTube) to build the feature, and they launched Google Image Search in July 2001. That year, 250 million images were indexed in Image Search. This grew to 1 billion images by 2005 and over 10 billion images by 2010.
In January 2007, Google updated the interface for the image search, where information about an image, such as resolution and URL, was hidden until the user moved the mouseover its thumbnail. This was discontinued after a few weeks.
On October 27, 2009, Google Images added a feature to its image search that can be used to find similar images.
On July 20, 2010, Google made another update to the interface of Google Images, which hid image details until mouseover.
In May 2011, Google introduced a sort by subject feature for a visual category scheme overview of a search query.
In June 2011, Google Images added a "Search by Image" feature which allowed for reverse image searches directly in the image search-bar without third-party add-ons. This feature allows users to search for an image by dragging and dropping one onto the search bar, uploading one, or copy-pasting a URL that points to an image into the search bar.
New algorithm and accusations of censorship (2012–present)
On December 11, 2012, Google Images' search engine algorithm was changed once again, in the hopes of preventing pornographic images from appearing when non-pornographic search terms were used. According to Google, pornographic images would still appear as long as the term searched for was specifically pornographic; otherwise, they would not appear. While Google stated explicitly that they were "not censoring any adult content", it was immediately noted that even when entering terms such as or "Breast," no explicit results were shown. The only alternative option was to turn on an even stricter filter which would refuse to search for the aforementioned terms whatsoever. Users could also no longer exclude keywords from their searches.
On February 15, 2018, the interface was modified to meet the terms of a settlement and licensing partnership with Getty Images. The "View image" button (a deep link to the image itself on its source server) was removed from image thumbnails. This change is intended to discourage users from directly viewing the full-sized image (although doing so using a browser's context menu on the embedded thumbnail is not frustrated), and encourage them to view the image in its appropriate context (which may also include attribution and copyright information) on its respective web page. The "Search by image" button has also been downplayed, as reverse image search can be used to find higher-resolution copies of copyrighted images. Google also agreed to make the copyright disclaimer within the interface more prominent.
On August 6, 2019, the ability to filter images by their image resolutions was removed, as well as "larger than", "face", and "full color" filters.
Search by Image feature
Google Images has a Search by Image feature for performing reverse image searches. Unlike traditional image retrieval, this feature removes the need to type in keywords and terms into the Google search box. Instead, users search by submitting an image as their query. Results may include similar images, web results, pages with the image, and different resolutions of the image. Images on Google may take anything between 2-30 days to index if they are properly formatted. Recently, a group of Harvard students attempted to index their images within 24 hours, with varying degrees of success. The general consensus is that, you should not try and force Google to do anything, rather to wait for it to happen naturally
The precision of Search by Image's results is higher if the search image is more popular. Additionally, Google Search by Image offers a "best guess for this image" based on the descriptive metadata of the results.
Algorithm
The general steps that Search by Image takes to get from a submitted image to returned search results are as follows:
Analyze image: The submitted image is analyzed to find identifiers such as colors, points, lines, and textures.
Generate query: These distinct features of the image are used to generate a search query.
Match image: The query is matched against the images in Google's back end.
Return results: Google's search and match algorithms return matching and visually similar images as results to the user.
See also
Bing Images
Image search
Picsearch
TinEye
Yahoo
Google Website Optimizer
Google PageSpeed Tools
References
External links
The Official Google Blog
Advanced Google Images Search Tips and Tricks
Images
Image search
2001 software
2001 establishments in the United States
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ring%20signature
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Ring signature
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In cryptography, a ring signature is a type of digital signature that can be performed by any member of a set of users that each have keys. Therefore, a message signed with a ring signature is endorsed by someone in a particular set of people. One of the security properties of a ring signature is that it should be computationally infeasible to determine which of the set's members' keys was used to produce the signature. Ring signatures are similar to group signatures but differ in two key ways: first, there is no way to revoke the anonymity of an individual signature; and second, any set of users can be used as a signing set without additional setup.
Ring signatures were invented by Ron Rivest, Adi Shamir, and Yael Tauman Kalai, and introduced at ASIACRYPT in 2001. The name, ring signature, comes from the ring-like structure of the signature algorithm.
Definition
Suppose that a set of entities each have public/private key pairs, (P1, S1), (P2, S2), ..., (Pn, Sn). Party i can compute a ring signature σ on a message m, on input (m, Si, P1, ..., Pn). Anyone can check the validity of a ring signature given σ, m, and the public keys involved, P1, ..., Pn. If a ring signature is properly computed, it should pass the check. On the other hand, it should be hard for anyone to create a valid ring signature on any message for any set without knowing any of the private keys for that set.
Applications and modifications
In the original paper, Rivest, Shamir, and Tauman described ring signatures as a way to leak a secret. For instance, a ring signature could be used to provide an anonymous signature from "a high-ranking White House official", without revealing which official signed the message. Ring signatures are right for this application because the anonymity of a ring signature cannot be revoked, and because the group for a ring signature can be improvised.
Another application, also described in the original paper, is for deniable signatures. Here the sender and the recipient of a message form a group for the ring signature, then the signature is valid to the recipient, but anyone else will be unsure whether the recipient or the sender was the actual signer. Thus, such a signature is convincing, but cannot be transferred beyond its intended recipient.
There were various works, introducing new features and based on different assumptions:
Threshold ring signatures Unlike standard "t-out-of-n" threshold signature, where t of n users should collaborate to decrypt a message, this variant of a ring signature requires t users to cooperate in the signing protocol. Namely, t parties (i1, i2, ..., it) can compute a (t, n)-ring signature, σ, on a message, m, on input (m, Si1, Si2, ..., Sit, P1, ..., Pn).
Linkable ring signatures The property of linkability allows one to determine whether any two signatures have been produced by the same member (under the same private key). The identity of the signer is nevertheless preserved. One of the possible applications can be an offline e-cash system.
Traceable ring signature In addition to the previous scheme the public key of the signer is revealed (if they issue more than one signatures under the same private key). An e-voting system can be implemented using this protocol.
Efficiency
Most of the proposed algorithms have asymptotic output size ; i.e., the size of the resulting signature increases linearly with the size of input (number of public keys). That means that such schemes are impracticable for real use cases with sufficiently large (for example, an e-voting with millions of participants). But for some application with relatively small median input size such estimate may be acceptable. CryptoNote implements ring signature scheme by Fujisaki and Suzuki in p2p payments to achieve sender's untraceability.
More efficient algorithms have appeared recently. There are schemes with the sublinear size of the signature, as well as with constant size.
Implementation
Original scheme
The original paper describes an RSA based ring signature scheme, as well as one based on Rabin signatures. They define a keyed "combining function" which takes a key , an initialization value , and a list of arbitrary values . is defined as , where is a trap-door function (i.e. an RSA public key in the case of RSA based ring signatures).
The function is called the ring equation, and is defined below. The equation is based on a symmetric encryption function :
It outputs a single value which is forced to be equal to . The equation
can be solved as long as at least one , and by extension , can be freely chosen. Under the assumptions of RSA, this implies knowledge of at least one of the inverses of the trap door functions (i.e. a private key), since .
Signature generation
Generating a ring signature involves six steps. The plaintext is signified by , the ring's public keys by .
Calculate the key , using a cryptographic hash function. This step assumes a random oracle for , since will be used as key for .
Pick a random glue value .
Pick random for all ring members but yourself ( will be calculated using the signer's private key), and calculate corresponding .
Solve the ring equation for
Calculate using the signer's private key:
The ring signature now is the -tuple
Signature verification
Signature verification involves three steps.
Apply the public key trap door on all : .
Calculate the symmetric key .
Verify that the ring equation holds .
Python implementation
Here is a Python implementation of the original paper using RSA. Requires 3rd-party module PyCryptodome.
import os
import hashlib
import random
import Crypto.PublicKey.RSA
import functools
class Ring:
"""RSA implementation."""
def __init__(self, k, L: int = 1024) -> None:
self.k = k
self.l = L
self.n = len(k)
self.q = 1 << (L - 1)
def sign_message(self, m: str, z: int):
self._permut(m)
s = [None] * self.n
u = random.randint(0, self.q)
c = v = self._E(u)
first_range = list(range(z + 1, self.n))
second_range = list(range(z))
whole_range = first_range + second_range
for i in whole_range:
s[i] = random.randint(0, self.q)
e = self._g(s[i], self.k[i].e, self.k[i].n)
v = self._E(v ^ e)
if (i + 1) % self.n == 0:
c = v
s[z] = self._g(v ^ u, self.k[z].d, self.k[z].n)
return [c] + s
def verify_message(self, m: str, X) -> bool:
self._permut(m)
def _f(i):
return self._g(X[i + 1], self.k[i].e, self.k[i].n)
y = map(_f, range(len(X) - 1))
y = list(y)
def _g(x, i):
return self._E(x ^ y[i])
r = functools.reduce(_g, range(self.n), X[0])
return r == X[0]
def _permut(self, m):
msg = m.encode("utf-8")
self.p = int(hashlib.sha1(msg).hexdigest(), 16)
def _E(self, x):
msg = f"{x}{self.p}".encode("utf-8")
return int(hashlib.sha1(msg).hexdigest(), 16)
def _g(self, x, e ,n):
q, r = divmod(x, n)
if((q + 1) * n) <= ((1 << self.l) - 1):
result = q * n + pow(r, e, n)
else:
result = x
return result
To sign and verify 2 messages in a ring of 4 users:
size = 4
msg1, msg2 = "hello", "world!"
def _rn(_):
return Crypto.PublicKey.RSA.generate(1024, os.urandom)
key = map(_rn, range(size))
key = list(key)
r = Ring(key)
for i in range(size):
signature_1 = r.sign_message(msg1, i)
signature_2 = r.sign_message(msg2, i)
assert r.verify_message(msg1, signature_1) and r.verify_message(msg2, signature_2) and not r.verify_message(msg1, signature_2)
Cryptocurrencies
The CryptoNote technology uses ring signatures. It was first implemented by Bytecoin.
ShadowCash
The cryptocurrency ShadowCash uses traceable ring signature to anonymize the sender of a transaction. However, these were originally implemented incorrectly, resulting in a partial de-anonymization of ShadowCash from their first implementation until February 2016 by Monero Research Labs researcher, Shen Noether. Luckily only 20% of all the one-time keys in the system were affected by this bug, sender anonymity was compromised but receiver anonymity remained intact. A patch was submitted in a timely fashion to resolve the bug.
Monero
Between January 10, 2017 and October 18, 2018, Monero used Ring Confidential Transaction technology to obfuscate transaction amounts on the blockchain. This allowed only the sender and recipient of the funds to know the true quantity being sent. The currency has since switched to Bulletproofs.
References
Public-key cryptography
Digital signature schemes
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3986620
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crystal%20Bridges%20Museum%20of%20American%20Art
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Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art
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Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art is a museum of American art in Bentonville, Arkansas. The museum, founded by Alice Walton and designed by Moshe Safdie, officially opened on 11 November 2011. It offers free public admission.
Overview and founding
Alice Walton, the daughter of Walmart founder Sam Walton, spearheaded the Walton Family Foundation's involvement in developing Crystal Bridges. The museum's glass-and-wood design by architect Moshe Safdie and engineer Buro Happold features a series of pavilions nestled around two creek-fed ponds and forest trails. The soil is flinty silt loam derived from chert and cherty limestone and is mapped as Noark-Bendavis complex. The complex includes galleries, several meeting and classroom spaces, a library, a sculpture garden, a museum store designed by architect Marlon Blackwell, a restaurant and coffee bar, named Eleven after the day the museum opened, "11/11/11". Crystal Bridges also features a gathering space that can accommodate up to 300 people. Additionally, there are outdoor areas for concerts and public events, as well as extensive nature trails. It employs approximately 300 people, and is within walking distance of downtown Bentonville.
The museum has amassed $488 million in assets as of August 2008, an amount that will increase as more pieces are continually added to the museum's collection. It is the first major art museum (over $200 million endowment) to open in the United States since 1974. Over $317 million of the project's cost has been donated by Alice Walton. A 2013 Forbes ranking of the world's richest people placed the Walmart heiress at No. 16, with an estimated net worth of $26.3 billion.
In 2005, art historian John Wilmerding was hired for acquisition and advice on museum programming. Wilmerding commented that Alice Walton "will not spend at any cost" and will do her "homework on almost every individual acquisition and will ask for paperwork on market comparables". He stated that often when an artwork became available through a private sale Walton would state 'Wait, it will come to auction where we can get it at a better price,' and she was usually correct. He also stated that the museum ranks at least in the top half dozen of American art museums. The museum's "quality and its range and depth already place it among one of the very best."
Headlines were generated after delays in construction and considerably higher costs for the museum than originally proposed to the city of Bentonville, Arkansas led to concerns about the favorable tax exemptions granted to the museum from the state in 2005 to secure its construction. Total tax losses to the state of Arkansas and the city of Bentonville are estimated at $17 million based on the financial disclosures given by the museum in the 2008 court case with Fisk University. The total amount of tax loss is estimated to have become considerably higher since then, but may never be disclosed due to the museum's guarded financial practices, including its decision not to disclose the amount spent since 2008 to secure collections, major art pieces, and lesser known works.
However, the museum's IRS Form 990-PF notes acquisitions of $43.6 million during 2008, $81.9 million during 2007, $97.3 million in 2006. Through 2008, the total art acquisitions were at least $222.8 million.
Don Bacigalupi was appointed director of the museum in August 2009. Previously, Robert G. Workman had served as director. In early May 2011, the museum announced three endowments by the Walton Family Foundation totaling $800 million. These endowments were established for operating expenses, acquisitions and capital improvements. The operating endowment, totaling $350 million, is being used to contribute to the museum's base annual operating expenses expected to total between $16–20 million per year. The acquisition endowment, totaling $325 million, will be used to fund additions to the museum's permanent collection. The remaining $125 million will be used as a capital improvement endowment to fund future improvements to and maintenance of the museum.
Collaboration with other museums and institutions
In 2006, the museum partnered with the National Gallery of Art in an attempt to purchase Thomas Eakins' The Gross Clinic from Thomas Jefferson University. Under the terms of the agreement, the two museums agreed to pay a record $68 million, but the university gave Philadelphia 45 days to match the offer. The Philadelphia Museum of Art and Pennsylvania Academy of Fine Arts agreed to collectively match the offer and the painting remained in Philadelphia. The purchase forced both museums to sell some of their best Eakins pieces including Cowboy Singing and The Cello Player. In April 2007, Crystal Bridges acquired another Eakins belonging to Thomas Jefferson University entitled Portrait of Professor Benjamin H. Rand for an estimated $20 million.
Walton held talks with Randolph-Macon Woman's College in Lynchburg, Virginia in spring of 2007. The college was exploring selling part of the Maier Museum of Art's collection, but voted instead to sell select items from the collection at Christie's.
In 2006, Fisk University agreed to sell a 50% stake in a 101-piece Stieglitz collection to Crystal Bridges for $30 million. The collection was donated to the university by Georgia O'Keeffe in 1949. This agreement became tied up in a legal battle between Fisk University and the Georgia O'Keeffe Museum in New Mexico, but the museum withdrew its lawsuit. The Tennessee Attorney General attempted unsuccessfully to stop the sale. In October 2010, a judge ruled that a 50% stake in the collection could be sold to Crystal Bridges if modifications to the contract were made so that Fisk University could not lose its interest in the collection, nor could the joint venture holding ownership of the collection between Fisk University and Crystal Bridges be based in Delaware (or outside Tennessee Courts). The modified agreement would allow the works to stay at Fisk University until 2013 and then begin a two-year rotation with Crystal Bridges. In April 2012, the Tennessee Supreme Court upheld a lower court decision to allow the sale to move forward. A few months later on August 2, the Davidson County Chancery Court approval a Final Agreed Order that established joint ownership between Fisk University and Crystal Bridges through the newly established Stieglitz Art Collection, LLC. The operating agreement required Fisk University to set aside $3.9 million of the $30 million sale proceeds to be used to establish a fund for the care and maintenance of the collection at the Carl Van Vechten Gallery at Fisk University. The court dispute cost Fisk University $5.8 million in legal fees.
Since 2012, Crystal Bridges has participated in a four-year collaboration with the musée du Louvre in Paris, High Museum of Art in Atlanta, and the Terra Foundation for American Art. The resulting exhibitions are called American Encounters and feature works from the collections of all four partners. Each year, for the length of the collaboration, the museums develop the exhibition around a theme, such as portraiture. American Encounters has been seen in Paris, Bentonville, and Atlanta.
The Momentary
In early 2020, Crystal Bridges opened a satellite facility called The Momentary focused on visual and performing arts, culinary experiences, festivals, and artists-in-residence.
Permanent collection
The museum's permanent collection features American art from the Colonial era to the contemporary period. All of the featured artists are United States citizens, though some spent most of their art careers in Europe. Notable works include a Charles Willson Peale portrait of George Washington as well as paintings by George Bellows, Jasper Cropsey, Asher Durand, Thomas Eakins, Marsden Hartley, Winslow Homer, Eastman Johnson, Charles Bird King, John La Farge, Stuart Davis, Romare Bearden, Norman Rockwell, Mary McCleary, Agnes Pelton, and Walton Ford. Also included are works by Chuck Close, Jasper Johns, Alfred Maurer, Jackson Pollock, Tom Wesselmann and Andrew Wyeth. Two works, Richard Caton Woodville's War News from Mexico and Arthur Fitzwilliam Tait's The Life of a Hunter: A Tight Fix were included in American Stories: Paintings of Everyday Life, 1765–1915, a traveling exhibition organized by the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The Woodville painting was deaccessioned by the National Academy of Design, and was purchased in 1994 by Detroit collector Richard Manoogian. The piece was later purchased in 2004 by Crystal Bridges.
In May 2005, the museum purchased a coveted Asher B. Durand landscape entitled Kindred Spirits from the New York Public Library for more than $35 million in a sealed auction. In September 2012, the museum announced the acquisition of a major 1960 painting by Mark Rothko entitled No. 210/No. 211 (Orange). The abstract expressionist painting had been in a private Swiss collection since the 1960s and had only been shown in public twice.
Sculpture also figures prominently in the collection, on view in interior galleries and along outdoor sculpture trails. Sculptors represented in the permanent collection include Vanessa German, Paul Manship, Roxy Paine, Mark di Suvero, and James Turrell.
In January 2014 Crystal Bridges acquired the Bachman–Wilson House by architect Frank Lloyd Wright. The New Jersey house was dismantled and relocated to Bentonville.
Select auction results by date for items in the collection (including buyer's premium) are:
Green River, Wyoming by Thomas Moran, purchased 5 December 2002 for $2.9245 million
George Washington by Charles Willson Peale, purchased 18 May 2004 for $6.1675 million
Robert Louis Stevenson and his wife by John Singer Sargent, purchased 19 May 2004 for $8.8 million
Orca Bates by Jamie Wyeth, purchased 19 May 2004 for $360,000.
Portrait of Anne Page by Dennis Miller Bunker, purchased 1 December 2004 for $3.592 million
A French Music Hall by Everett Shinn, purchased 1 December 2004 for $7.848 million
The Indian and the Lily by George de Forest Brush, purchased 1 December 2004 for $4.824 million
The Studio by George Bellows, purchased 1 December 2004 for $2.472 million
Spring by Winslow Homer, purchased 1 December 2004 for $2.024 million
Ottoe Half Chief, Husband of Eagle of Delight by Charles Bird King, purchased 1 December 2004 for $1.352 million
Wai-Kee-Chai, Sanky Chief, Crouching Eagle by Charles Bird King, purchased 1 December 2004 for $792,000
Portrait of Carolus Duran by John Singer Sargent, purchased 2 December 2004 for $724,300
Sick Puppy by Norman Rockwell, purchased 2 December 2004 for $511,500
George Washington (The Constable-Hamilton Portrait) by Gilbert Stuart, purchased 30 November 2005 for $8.136 million
Mrs. Theodore Atkinson, Jr. by John Singleton Copley, purchased 30 November 2005 for $3.376 million
Marquis de Lafayette by Samuel F. B. Morse, purchased 30 November 2005 for $1.36 million
Winter Scene in Brooklyn by Francis Guy, purchased 30 November 2005 for $1.024 million
Rose Garden by Maria Oakey Dewing, purchased 24 May 2006 for $2.032 million
The Lantern Bearers by Maxfield Parrish, purchased 25 May 2006 for $4.272 million
Dr. William Smith by Gilbert Stuart, purchased 23 May 2007 for $1.888 million
Still Life with Stretcher, Mirror, Bowl of Fruit by Roy Lichtenstein, purchased 20 June 2007 for £4.052 million (US$8.055 million – based on 20 June 2007 exchange rates)
Homage to the Square: Joy by Josef Albers, purchased 14 November 2007 for $1.497 million
View of Mount Etna by Thomas Cole, purchased 29 November 2007 for $541,000
Cupid and Psyche by Benjamin West, purchased 28 January 2009 for $458,500
Our Town by Kerry James Marshall, purchased 13 May 2009 for $782,500
Supine Woman by Wayne Thiebaud, purchased 12 November 2009 for $1.818 million
Portrait of a Girl and Her Dog in a Grape Arbor by Susan Catherine Moore Waters purchased 7 March 2010 for $41,475
Portrait of Martha Graham by Marisol Escobar, purchased 13 May 2010 for $116,500
Dolly Parton by Andy Warhol, purchased 14 May 2010 for $914,500
Standing Explosion (Red) by Roy Lichtenstein, purchased 14 May 2010 for $722,500
The Return of the Gleaner by Winslow Homer, purchased 19 May 2010 for $2.2105 million
Trinity by Adolph Gottlieb, purchased 11 May 2011 for $1.1425 million
Hammer and Sickle by Andy Warhol, purchase 13 November 2012 for $3.4425 million
Untitled, 1989 (Bernstein 89 24) by Donald Judd, purchased 14 November 2012 for $10.1625 million
Blackwell's Island by Edward Hopper, purchased 23 May 2013 for $19.1638 million
Coca-Cola [3] by Andy Warhol, purchased 12 November 2013 for $57.3 million
Flag by Jasper Johns, purchased 11 November 2014 for $36.005 million
No. 210/211 (Orange) by Mark Rothko, purchased 11 November 2014 for $44.965 million
Jimson Weed/White Flower No. 1 by Georgia O'Keeffe, purchased 20 November 2014 for $44.405 million
Selected works in the museum collection by chronological order
References
External links
Architectural Record, Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, Safdie Architects, commentary, slide show, and drawings, January 2012
TimePhotos (Time magazine), Crystal Bridges Museum of American Art, photos, 21 November 2011
Bridges Acquires New Work by Walton Ford
'A Billionaire’s Eye for Art Shapes Her Singular Museum', Carol Vogel, The New York Times, 16 June 2011
American Art Artnews 1/12/2012
Art museums and galleries in Arkansas
Museums in Benton County, Arkansas
Buildings and structures in Bentonville, Arkansas
Museums of American art
2011 establishments in Arkansas
Art museums established in 2011
Moshe Safdie buildings
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ECWA%20Evangel%20Hospital
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ECWA Evangel Hospital
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ECWA Evangel Hospital is a 150-bed general hospital located in Jos, Plateau State, Nigeria. It was founded in 1959 by SIM (previously the Sudan Interior Mission and now known as Serving In Mission), but Evangel is now managed under the auspices of the Evangelical Church of West Africa (ECWA). Evangel is known locally in Jos as "Jankwano" meaning "Red Roof" in Hausa, as it was one of the first buildings in the area to have a corrugated iron roof.
Medical Departments
Core medical services include surgery, internal medicine, pediatrics, and obstetrics and gynecology. Over the past decade, several new, specialized areas have been added or expanded:
Ophthalmology
level 3 hospital
Dentistry
Vesicovaginal fistula (VVF) surgery
Comprehensive HIV/AIDS care including antiretroviral drug therapy, home-based health care, and pastoral, counselling, and support services at the Spring of Life centre
Crisis pregnancy services
Pastoral care
Medical education, including
a fully approved general practice (family practice) residency;
general and speciality rotations for Nigerian doctors in training;
medical electives for medical students and residents from other countries; and
training for the Pan-African Academy of Christian Surgeons (PAACS)
History
Evangel Hospital was started in 1959 and was the vision of a SIM missionary, Dr Lonnie Grant. His proposal to SIM in 1956 was to build a hospital outside Jos to try to meet an obvious medical need in the town. SIM approved the project and the British Plateau Provincial Office subsequently permitted to build the hospital in Jos on the present site.
The out-patient clinic building was the first building built and was dedicated in February 1959. The following year, construction began on the male/female ward and the operating theatre (on the site of the present injection room). Initially, the hospital was staffed primarily by missionaries.
In 1969, the hospital was the first centre in West Africa to identify the hemorrhagic Lassa fever virus. Two missionary nurses died of the virus, and a third nurse, Penny Pinneo, fell ill and was flown to the USA, where the virus was isolated and named.
In 1970, a missionary surgeon, and Medical Director of the hospital in Jos, Dr Jeanette Troup, died from Lassa Fever after performing an autopsy on someone who had the disease. She accidentally cut herself during the surgery and was dead within two days.
In 1975, the Plateau State government took over the mission schools and hospitals in the state; many changes took place and most of the missionary staff were replaced by Nigerians. Two SIM doctors and two SIM nurses stayed to work under the government. After three years, the hospital was given to ECWA. The pediatric ward was added at that time.
The current maternity ward was opened in 1987, while the old maternity unit, in the private ward, was converted to an ICU and operating theatre, expanded to their present positions. The amenity ward was opened in 1992.
Dr Phil Andrew, a SIM Australian missionary, started the General practice (US: Family Physician) training program in 1982, with one resident. Since then the hospital emphasis has been in training general practitioners. All the current Nigerian consultants are graduates of this GP program.
External links
ECWA Evangel Hospital
Hospital buildings completed in 1959
Hospitals in Nigeria
Plateau State
Hospitals established in 1959
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5376847
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transitive%20dependency
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Transitive dependency
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A transitive dependency is a functional dependency which holds by virtue of transitivity among various software components.
Computer programs
In a computer program a direct dependency is functionality exported by a library, or API, or any software component that is referenced directly by the program itself.
A transitive dependency is any dependency that is induced by the components that the program references directly.
E.g. a call to a function will usually induce a transitive dependency to a library that manages the I/O to write the log message in a file.
Dependencies and transitive dependencies can be resolved at different times, depending on how the computer program is assembled and/or executed: e.g. a compiler can have a link phase where the dependencies are resolved. Sometimes the build system even allows management of the transitive dependencies.
Similarly, when a computer uses services, a computer program can depend on a service that should be started before to execute the program.
A transitive dependency in such case is any other service that the service we depend directly on depends on, e.g. a web browser depends on a Domain Name Resolution service to convert a web URL in an IP address; the DNS will depend on a networking service to access a remote name server.
The Linux boot system is based on a set of configurations that declare the dependencies of the modules to be started: at boot time analyzes all the transitive dependencies to decide the execution order of each module to start.
Database Management Systems
Let A, B, and C designate three distinct (but not necessarily disjoint) sets of attributes of a relation. Suppose all three of the following conditions hold:
A → B
It is not the case that B → A
B → C
Then the functional dependency A → C (which follows from 1 and 3 by the axiom of transitivity) is a transitive dependency.
In database normalization, one of the important features of third normal form is that it excludes certain types of transitive dependencies. E.F. Codd, the inventor of the relational model, introduced the concepts of transitive dependence and third normal form in 1971.
Example
A transitive dependency occurs in the following relation:
The functional dependency {Book} → {Author nationality} applies; that is, if we know the book, we know the author's nationality. Furthermore:
{Book} → {Author}
{Author} does not → {Book}
{Author} → {Author nationality}
Therefore {Book} → {Author nationality} is a transitive dependency.
Transitive dependency occurred because a non-key attribute (Author) was determining another non-key attribute (Author nationality).
Notes
Database constraints
Database theory
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5376849
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yoel%20Rephaeli
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Yoel Rephaeli
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Yoel Rephaeli is an Israeli-American cosmologist. He is a Professor of Physics at Tel Aviv University, Israel. Rephaeli studies the Sunyaev-Zel'dovich effect and the astrophysics of galaxy clusters.
References
External links
Y. Rephaeli, "Comptonization Of The Cosmic Microwave Background: The Sunyaev-Zeldovich Effect", Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Volume 33, 1995, pp. 541–580., Volume 33, 1995, pp. 541–580.
Israeli educators
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Tel Aviv University faculty
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3986632
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glen%20Ridge%20Public%20Schools
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Glen Ridge Public Schools
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The Glen Ridge Public Schools is a comprehensive public school district serving students in kindergarten through twelfth grade in Glen Ridge, in Essex County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of four schools, had an enrollment of 1,899 students and 148.9 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.8:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "I", the second-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics) are:
Forest Avenue School with 223 students in grades PreK-2
Matthew J. Murphy, Principal
Linden Avenue School with 242 students in grades PreK-2
Dr. Joseph A. Caravela, Principal
Ridgewood Avenue School with 575 students in grades 3-6
Dr. Michael Donovan, Principal
Glen Ridge High School with 837 students in grades 7-12. The high school gained national attention as the school of the athletes involved in the Glen Ridge Rape.
John Lawlor, Principal
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Dirk Phillips, Superintendent
Peter R. Caprio, Business Administrator / Board Secretary
Board of education
The district's board of education, comprised of nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2013) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the day-to-day operation of the district.
References
External links
Glen Ridge Schools Website
School Data for the Glen Ridge Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Public Schools
New Jersey District Factor Group I
School districts in Essex County, New Jersey
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3986633
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Wyatt
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Ed Wyatt
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Edward "Ed" Wyatt is an American Australian sports journalist and television presenter.
He worked as one of two SBS Television Melbourne-based reporters from 2000 to 2006 and hosted SBS's live coverage of the Super Bowl and the US baseball World Series in 2002 and the World Ice Hockey Championships in 2004. He was at 1116 SEN radio since its inception.
Early life/career
Wyatt grew up in Portland, Oregon, United States. He has a Bachelor of Arts degree in English from Stanford University. He taught English at Bellarmine Prep in Tacoma while also coaching football and basketball.
Media career
Wyatt's career in television started in Seattle, as both a writer and performer of sketch comedy on the program Almost Live!, for which he won five Emmy awards.
He joined Fox Sports World, an international sports network, in 1997 and worked as the face of Australian rules football and hosted English/Scottish/German Premier League matches. He was also the writer responsible for the weekly English Premier League show that was seen nationally across the USA.
In 2000, Wyatt started his work at SBS-TV. He reported weekly on US sports for SBS and hosted the Super Bowl live on that network from 2003 to 2008. When Australia's free-to-air screening rights for the Super Bowl switched to the Ten Network in February 2009, Wyatt joined the move and was seen in studio with Andrew Maher and former AFL star and current NFL punter Saverio Rocca.
In 2004, he joined Melbourne's SEN 1116 where he co-hosted Born In The USA (radio show) with Steve Salisbury. In 2006, Wyatt did the voiceover for the Nine Network’s Celebrity Golf Shoot-Out.
In April 2008 he was appointed Communications Manager of the South Dragons, a member of Australia's National Basketball League.
Most recently Wyatt worked as the play-by-play caller for SEN Digital's A-League football games and currently calls games for the ABL's Melbourne Aces baseball club. He works as an online content creator and also hosts The DRS Zone Formula 1 podcast with his son Sam.
References
External
Broadcast website
Living people
Australian comedy writers
Australian television presenters
Australian journalists
Male journalists
Australian sports journalists
1960 births
Australian people of American descent
Journalists from Portland, Oregon
Stanford University alumni
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5376856
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circus%20of%20Fear
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Circus of Fear
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Circus of Fear ( / Mystery of the Silver Triangle), also Scotland Yard auf heißer Spur, also Circus of Terror) is a 1966 Anglo-German international co-production thriller film starring Christopher Lee, Suzy Kendall, Leo Genn and Cecil Parker. The U.S. title was Psycho-Circus. It was based on the novel Again the Three Just Men by Edgar Wallace (1928).
It was shot at Hammer Film's Bray Studios in Berkshire and on location around London.The film was partially shot at Billy Smart's Circus. The film was co-produced by the leading German distributor Constantin Film, which was at the same time releasing Rialto Film's long-running series of Wallace adaptations in Germany. Several of the cast Heinz Drache, Eddi Arent and Klaus Kinski were regular performers in that series and were added to this production to appeal to German audiences. Werner Jacobs directed the version release in West Germany.
Plot
The film is set in London, mainly in the East End and docklands.
When an armoured car is robbed, in a daring daylight raid co-ordinated on Tower Bridge, one of the guards is shot and killed by Mason (Victor Maddern). The gang escape on the river.
Part of the gang escape northwards on the M1 motorway. The police catch up and force them off the road, killing one man. Meanwhile Mason dumps his car in a lake and takes a suitcase full of money to nearby buildings. An unseen knife-thrower kills Mason as he turns to leave.
We are introduced to the characters of Barberini's Circus, including Drago (Christopher Lee), who wears a full mask to hide his fire damaged face. Manfred (Klaus Kinski) arrives at the circus seeking employment. It is revealed that Mr Big (the midget) is blackmailing Drago. An unseen person unlocks the lion and it almost kills one of the circus girls.
The police are led to the circus but also require to investigate a body found with a knife next to it. The police interview the girl who was attacked by the lion and soon after is herself murdered by a thrown knife.
The police (naturally) interview the circus knife-thrower.
Drago confesses to his niece that he found a suitcase of money and hid it. Manfred is the next victim of the knife-thrower who this time also sets a fire.
A police manhunt causes Drago to fall to his death and the suitcase of money is retrieved. However, detective Elliot (Leo Genn) decides this is not the killer. His examination of all the clues leads to a final denouement in front of the assembled suspects during a knife-throwing act.
Cast
Christopher Lee as Gregor ("Drago^)
Leo Genn as Elliott
Anthony Newlands as Barberini
Heinz Drache as Carl
Eddi Arent as Eddie
Klaus Kinski as Manfred Hart
Margaret Lee as Gina
Suzy Kendall as Natasha, Drago's niece
Cecil Parker as Sir John
Victor Maddern as Mason
Maurice Kaufmann as Mario
Lawrence James as Manley
Tom Bowman as Jackson
Skip Martin as Mr. Big
Nosher Powell as Red
Gordon Petrie as Man
Henry B. Longhurst as Hotel porter
Dennis Blakely as Armoured van guard
George Fisher as Fourth man
Peter Brace as Speedboat man
Roy Scammell as Speedboat man
Geoff Silk as Security man
Keith Peacock as Security man
John Carradine as Narrator
Release
The film premiered in Germany on 29 April 1966 and in the UK in November 1967.
Reception
The Radio Times wrote, "Christopher Lee wears a black woolly hood for nearly all of his scenes in this lame whodunnit, with minor horrific overtones...but the stalwart efforts of the cast including Klaus Kinski and Suzy Kendall act as a welcome safety net for the shaky plot" ; while Britmovie called it "fairly suspenseful."
See also
Christopher Lee filmography
References
External links
1966 films
1960s crime thriller films
1960s mystery thriller films
British crime thriller films
British mystery thriller films
West German films
German mystery thriller films
1960s English-language films
English-language German films
Films based on works by Edgar Wallace
Films directed by John Llewellyn Moxey
Circus films
Films scored by Johnny Douglas
Constantin Film films
Films set in London
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5376861
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Zell
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Heinrich Zell
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Heinrich Zell (died after 1560) was a German printer and cartographer. He was a student of Sebastian Münster.
Accompanying Rheticus to Prussia, Heinrich Zell in collaboration with Nicolaus Copernicus, produced the first geostatic map of the Prussian coastline and had the first printed map of Prussia with hundreds of towns printed in 1542. Zell incorporated Ermland (Warmia) records of Prussian towns in this detailed and until then unaccomplished task.
Works
Heinrich Zell, Prussiae descriptio, Coloniae, 1594, Staatsbibliothek Preussischer Kulturbesitz, Berlin (printed after the original from 1542 in the St. Mark's Library in Venice)
printed map of Brandenburg, 1550
External links
http://lazarus.elte.hu/gb/imcos97/scharfe1.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20050330211134/http://marebalticum.natmus.dk/lokUK.asp?ID=5
http://www.orteliusmaps.com/book/ort88.html
1560 deaths
German cartographers
German printers
Year of birth unknown
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5376865
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cardale%20Babington
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Cardale Babington
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Charles Cardale Babington (23 November 1808 – 22 July 1895) was an English botanist and archaeologist. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1851.
Babington was the son of Joseph Babington and Cathérine née Whitter, and a nephew of Thomas Babington Macaulay. He was educated at Charterhouse and St John's College, Cambridge, obtaining his Bachelor of Arts in 1830 and his Master of Arts in 1833. He overlapped at Cambridge with Charles Darwin, and in 1829 they argued over who should have the pick of beetle specimens from a local dealer.
He obtained the chair of botany at the University of Cambridge in 1861 and wrote several papers on insects. He married Anna Maria Walker on 3 April 1866.
Babington was a member of several scientific societies including the Botanical Society of Edinburgh, the Linnean Society of London (1853), the Geological Society of London, the Royal Society (1851), and in 1833 he participated in the foundation of the Royal Entomological Society. Babington was President of the Cambrian Archaeological Association at their meeting at Church Stretton in 1881 and for many years served as Chairman of the council of the Association.
He wrote Manual of British Botany (1843), Flora of Cambridgeshire (1860), The British Rubi (1869) and edited the publication Annals and Magazine of Natural History from 1842. His herbarium and library are conserved by the University of Cambridge.
References
Allen G. Debus (ed.) (1968). World Who’s Who in Science. A Biographical Dictionary of Notable Scientists from Antiquity to the Present. Marquis-Who's Who (Chicago) : xvi + 1855 p.
Anthony Musgrave (1932). Bibliography of Australian Entomology, 1775-1930, with biographical notes on authors and collectors, Royal Zoological Society of News South Wales (Sydney) : viii + 380.
Further reading
External links
1808 births
1895 deaths
Fellows of the Royal Society
English entomologists
English Anglicans
Fellows of the Linnean Society of London
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
English botanists
People educated at Charterhouse School
English archaeologists
Members of the Cambrian Archaeological Association
English magazine editors
Coleopterists
Professors of Botany (Cambridge)
19th-century British journalists
British male journalists
Cardale
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5376868
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Google%20Personalized%20Search
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Google Personalized Search
|
Google Personalized Search is a personalized search feature of Google Search, introduced in 2004. All searches on Google Search are associated with a browser cookie record. When a user performs a search, the search results are not only based on the relevance of each web page to the search term, but also on which websites the user (or someone else using the same browser) visited through previous search results. This provides a more personalized experience that can increase the relevance of the search results for the particular user. Such filtering may also have side effects, such as the creation of a filter bubble.
Changes in Google's search algorithm in later years put less importance on user data, which means the impact of personalized search is limited on search results. Acting on criticism, Google has also made it possible to turn off the feature.
History
Personalized Search was originally introduced on March 29, 2004 as a beta test of a Google Labs project. On April 20, 2005, it was made available as a non-beta service, but still separate from ordinary Google Search. On November 11, 2005, it became a part of the normal Google Search, but only to users with Google Accounts.
Beginning on December 4, 2009, Personalized Search was applied to all users of Google Search, including those who are not logged into a Google Account.
In addition to customizing results based on personal behavior and interests associated with a Google Account, Google also implemented social search results in October 2009 based on people whom one knows. Operating on the assumption that one's associates share similar interests, these results would give a ranking boost to sites from within a user's "Social Circle". These two services integrated into regular results by February 2011 and expanded results by including content shared to users known through social networks.
Data collection
Google's search algorithm is driven by collecting and storing web history in its databases. For non-authenticated users Google looks at anonymously stored browser cookies on a user's browser and compares the unique string with those stored within Google databases. Google accounts logged into Google Chrome use user's web history to learn what sites and content you like and base the search results presented on them. Using the data provided by the user Google constructs a profile including gender, age, languages, and interests based on prior behaviour using Google services.
When a user performs a search using Google, the keywords or terms are used to generate ranked results based upon the PageRank algorithm. This algorithm, according to Google, is their "system of counting link votes and determining which pages are most important based upon them. These scores are then used along with many other things to determine if a page will rank well in a search." "PageRank relies on the uniquely democratic nature of the web by using its vast link structure as an indicator of an individual page's value. In essence, Google interprets a link from page A to page B as a vote, by page A, for page B. But, Google looks at considerably more than the sheer volume of votes, or links a page receives; for example, it also analyzes the page that casts the vote. Votes cast by pages that are themselves "important" weigh more heavily and help to make other pages 'important.' Using these and other factors, Google provides its views on the pages' relative importance,"
Since the search division launched the very first version with customized search results in 2005 and began to give consideration to previously visited sites, new factors have been added to refine search results. According to Google, the conclusion they have made after many years of testing, the incomparably best indicator for deciding which results are relevant to the user is the search phrase itself - not user data - and that personalisation of search results is not as big a factor as it used to be.
Harvard law professor Jonathan Zittrain disputed the extent to which personalization filters distort Google search results, saying that "the effects of search personalization have been light". Further, Google provides the ability for users to shut off personalization features if they choose, by deleting Google's record of their search history and setting Google to not remember their search keywords and visited links in the future.
Types of data collected
There are 50+ factors (called 'signals' by Google) used to determine search results. The top factors in personalizing search results are:
Location
Search History
Web History
Social Networks
Each of these variables will factor into the personalization of a user's search results in hopes of quickly providing the most relevant results to the user to answer whatever question is being asked.
Location data
Location data allows Google to provide information based upon current location and places that the user has visited in the past, based upon GPS location from an Android smartphone or the user's IP address. Google uses this location data to provide local listings grouped with search results using the Google Local platform featuring detailed reviews and ratings from Zagat.
Search history
Search history was first used to personalize search results in 2005 based upon previous searches and clicked links by individual end users. Then, in 2009, Google announced that personalized search would no longer require a user to be logged in, and instead Google would use an anonymous cookie in a web browser to customize search results for those who were not logged in.
Web history
Web history differs from search history, as it's a record of the actual pages that a user visits, but still provides contributing factors in ranking search results. Lastly, Google+ data is used in search results as Google is provided a lot of demographics about a user from this information, such as age, gender, location, work history, interests, and social connections.
Social networks
Google's social networking service, Google+ also collects this demographic data including age, sex, location, career, and friends. This largely comes into play when presenting reviews and ratings from people within a user's immediate circle.
Effectiveness
In order to determine the actual impacts of search customization on end users, researchers at Northeastern University determined in a study with logged in users vs. a control group that 11.7% of results show differences due to personalization. The research showed that this result varies widely by search query and result ranking position.
In the following example, the Portent Team performed a search query for 'JavaScript' (shown on the right) and then performed a search for 'Programming Textbooks' and 'Books on HTML' prior to searching for 'JavaScript, which changed the search results by bringing in three book listings that were not part of the original set of results. The study showed that of the various factors being tested, the two with the most measurable impact were whether the user was logged in with a Google account and the IP address of searching users. This same study also investigated the impact of the 11.7% personalization by utilizing Amazon Mechanical Turk (AMT) (a crowdsourcing Internet Marketplace and a part of Amazon Web Services) vs. a control group to determine the difference between the two. The results showed that the top ranked URLs are less likely to change based on personalization, and that the most personalization is taking place at lower ranks of the resulting pages.
Reception
Several concerns have been brought up regarding the feature. It decreases the likelihood of finding new information, since it biases search results towards what the user has already found. It also introduces some privacy problems, since a user may not be aware that their search results are personalized for them, and it affects the search results of other people who use the same computer (unless they are logged in as a different user). The feature also has profound effects on the search engine optimization (SEO) industry, since search results are not ranked the same way for every user – thus making it more difficult to identify the effects of SEO efforts. Personalization makes search experience inconsistent for different users requiring the SEO industry to be aware of both personalized and non-personalized search results to get an increase in ranking.
Personalized search suffers from creating an abundance of background noise to search results. This can be seen as the carry-over effect where one search is performed followed by a subsequent search. The second search is influenced by the first search if a timeout period is not set at a high enough threshold. An example of the negative effects of the carry-over effect is a search for a store in Hawaii could carry-over the results of a previous, failed search that showed the same store in California, creating noise.
However, in recent years new research had stated that search engines do not create the kind of filter bubbles previously thought. In a study of the political impact of search engines in seven countries carried out at Michigan State University, researchers discovered that search engines were a complement to other news sources that people already used. Users checked out an average of 4.5 news sources across various media to obtain an understanding, and those with a specific interest in politics checked even more. The researchers note that filter bubbles sound like a real problem and that they primarily appear to apply to people other than yourself. Their conclusion is, nonetheless, that the problem is overblown, the evidence anecdotal, and it is impossible to see that search engines contribute to the creation of filter bubbles based on the empirical evidence produced by the study.
See also
Filter bubble
References
2005 software
Personalized Search
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5376870
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfredo%20Pe%C3%B1a
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Alfredo Peña
|
Alfredo Antonio Peña (13 April 1944 – 6 September 2016) was a Venezuelan journalist and politician.
Journalism career
He studied journalism at the Central University of Venezuela and became well known after he was hired as the director of the newspaper El Nacional. He also hosted his own interview program on the television channel Venevisión, in which he severely criticized the two dominant parties of the second half of the twentieth century in Venezuela, AD and COPEI. His late-night TV program faced harsh criticism over its main theme and it changed names from "Conversaciones con Alfredo Peña" to a more aggressive "Los Peñonazos de Peña". During this time he suffered several attempts on his life, one of them occurring in his apartment, presumably not only to kill him but to destroy his computer and archives. In 1998 he supported the candidacy of Hugo Chávez for the Presidency of Venezuela, and invited Chávez to his program in several occasions.
Political career
In 1999, Peña quit his television program and became one of the prominent members of the Fifth Republic Movement. President Chávez named him Minister of the Secretary of the Presidency. Peña was later elected to the finance committee of the 1999 Constituent Assembly, becoming its chairman. The Assembly wrote the 1999 Constitution of Venezuela.
In July 2000, following the 2000 Venezuelan regional elections, he became the first Mayor of Caracas (Alcaldía Mayor de Caracas, a position that replaced the Venezuelan Federal District) for the Fifth Republic Movement after winning the elections by a landslide. His nomination for Mayor by the Fifth Republic Movement created division within the party, as Aristóbulo Istúriz, chair of the party Patria Para Todos, also wanted the position. Patria Para Todos then abandoned the coalition with the Fifth Republic Movement, only to join it again 18 months later.
In 2001 Peña instituted the Bratton Plan (by William Bratton) to modernize the Metropolitan Police.
In October 2004, shortly before the new mayoral elections, Peña withdrew from the race, alleging national government fraud.
In 2005 Peña was thought to be in Miami, with the Venezuelan government asking for extradition for alleged irregularities relating to the Bratton contract. In 2007 a Venezuelan court ordered his arrest, and in 2009 Venezuela applied to Interpol for assistance in bringing Peña before the court. In 2005 he was also accused by a Venezuelan court of responsibility for some of the deaths during the 2002 Venezuelan coup d'état attempt, some of which Metropolitan Police, under Peña's supervision, were held responsible for.
He died on 6 September 2016 in Miami.
References
1944 births
2016 deaths
Central University of Venezuela alumni
People from Barquisimeto
Fifth Republic Movement politicians
Mayors of places in Venezuela
Venezuelan exiles
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5376872
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Narratio%20Prima
|
Narratio Prima
|
De libris revolutionum Copernici narratio prima, usually referred to as Narratio Prima (), is an abstract of Nicolaus Copernicus' heliocentric theory, written by Georg Joachim Rheticus in 1540. It is an introduction to Copernicus's major work, De revolutionibus orbium coelestium, published in 1543, largely due to Rheticus's instigation. Narratio Prima is the first printed publication of Copernicus's theory.
History
Copernicus, born in 1473 and already well over 60 years old, had never published any astronomical work, as his only publication had been his translation of poems of Theophylact Simocatta, printed in 1509 by Johann Haller. At the same time, he had distributed his ideas among friends, with manuscripts called Commentariolus. In the 1530s, he was urged to publish by many, yet still hesitated when in 1539, Rheticus arrived in Frauenburg (Frombork) to become Copernicus' first and only pupil. Philipp Melanchthon had arranged for Rheticus to visit several astronomers and study with them.
In September 1539 Rheticus went to Danzig (Gdańsk) to visit the mayor who gave Rheticus some financial assistance to publish the Narratio Prima. This Narratio Prima, published by Franz Rhode in Danzig in 1540, is still considered to be the best introduction to Copernicus' De revolutionibus orbium coelestium. As the full title states, the Narratio was published as an open letter to Johannes Schöner of Nuremberg (Nürnberg). It was bundled together with the Encomium Prussiae which praised the spirit of humanism in Prussia.
During his two year stay in Prussia, Rheticus published works of his own, and in cooperation with Copernicus, in 1542 a treatise on trigonometry which was a preview to the second book of De revolutionibus. Under strong pressure from Rheticus, and having seen the favorable first general reception of the Narratio Prima, Copernicus finally agreed to give the book to his close friend, bishop Tiedemann Giese, to be delivered to Nuremberg for printing by Johannes Petreius under Rheticus's supervision.
Later editions of Narratio Prima were printed in Basel, in 1541 by Robert Winter, and in 1566 by Henricus Petrus in connection with the second edition of De revolutionibus. In 1597 when Johannes Kepler's first book Mysterium Cosmographicum was prepared for publication in Tübingen, his advisor Michael Maestlin decided to include Rheticus' Narratio Prima following Kepler's text, as a supplementary explanation of heliocentric theory.
References
Bibliography
Rheticus: Narratio prima de libris revolutionum Copernici, Danzig 1540
Richard S. Westfall, Indiana University. Rheticus, George Joachim. "Catalog of the Scientific Community of the 16th and 17th Centuries," The Galileo Project.
Dennis Danielson (2006). The First Copernican: Georg Joachim Rheticus and the Rise of the Copernican Revolution. Walker & Company, New York.
Karl Heinz Burmeister: Georg Joachim Rhetikus 1514–1574. Bd. I–III. Guido Pressler Verlag, Wiesbaden 1967.
Stefan Deschauer: Die Arithmetik-Vorlesung des Georg Joachim Rheticus, Wittenberg 1536: eine kommentierte Edition der Handschrift X-278 (8) der Estnischen Akademischen Bibliothek; Augsburg: Rauner, 2003;
R. Hooykaas: G. J. Rheticus’ Treatise on holy scripture and the motion of the earth / with transl., annotations, commentary and additional chapters on Ramus-Rheticus and the development of the problem before 1650''; Amsterdam: North-Holland, 1984
External links
Scienceworld article on Rheticus
Narratio Prima (1540) – scanned edition at Linda Hall Library
in English
Astronomy books
1540 books
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5376873
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%2720s
|
'20s
|
'20s may refer to:
1820s
1920s
2020s
See also
20s, a decade in the 1st century AD
20s BC, a decade in the 1st century BC
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3986638
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carter%20Stanley
|
Carter Stanley
|
Carter Glen Stanley (August 27, 1925 – December 1, 1966) was a bluegrass music lead singer, songwriter, and rhythm guitar player. He formed The Stanley Brothers and The Clinch Mountain Boys band with his younger brother Ralph Stanley.
Biography
Stanley was born in Big Spraddle Creek in Dickenson County, Virginia. The son of Lucy and Lee Stanley, Carter grew up in rural southwestern Virginia. In 1946, he and his brother Ralph formed the Stanley Brothers, ultimately becoming one of the most respected and influential pioneering groups of a new genre that later came to be known as "bluegrass". Carter played guitar and sang lead while Ralph played banjo and sang with a strong, high tenor voice. Their harmonies are much admired, and many consider Carter Stanley to be one of the great natural singers in the history of country music. Carter also composed more than 100 songs, and many of them remain standards in the bluegrass genre. He had a particular knack for deceptively simple lyrics that portrayed strong emotion. His famous compositions include "White Dove" and "The Fields Have Turned Brown." His arrangement of "Man of Constant Sorrow" was popularized in the 2000 film O Brother, Where Art Thou? (some of his songs were published under the pseudonym "Ruby Rakes").
The brothers broke up in 1951, and Carter Stanley briefly played guitar with Bill Monroe and the Bluegrass Boys. In 1953, he and Ralph reunited. After that time, the Stanley Brothers stayed together as a brother act until October 21, 1966 when Carter began hemorrhaging during a performance at a school auditorium in Hazel Green, Kentucky, and had to leave the stage. He died six weeks later on December 1, 1966. A heavy drinker, Carter died from cirrhosis at age 41. He was buried in accordance with his request on Smith Ridge, near Coeburn, Virginia.
In 1992 Carter Stanley was inducted posthumously into the International Bluegrass Music Hall of Honor.
Publication
In 2013, a biography was released Lonesome Melodies: The Lives and Music of the Stanley Brothers by David W. Johnson.
References
External links
[ Carter Stanley at Allmusic.com].
Jeanie Stanley website
1925 births
1966 deaths
Alcohol-related deaths in Tennessee
American country singer-songwriters
American male singer-songwriters
Bluegrass musicians from Virginia
American bluegrass guitarists
American male guitarists
People from Dickenson County, Virginia
Singer-songwriters from Virginia
20th-century American singers
Grammy Award winners
20th-century American guitarists
Guitarists from Virginia
20th-century American male singers
Appalachian music
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3986645
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agudas%20Chasidei%20Chabad
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Agudas Chasidei Chabad
|
Agudas Chassidei Chabad is the umbrella organization for the worldwide Chabad-Lubavitch movement. The chairman of the executive committee is Rabbi Abraham Shemtov.
History
Agudas Chasidei Chabad was established by the sixth Lubavitcher Rebbe, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn in 1923. In the letter the Rebbe Rayatz wrote to Rabbi Eliyahu Yochil Simpson, a
Lubavitcher Rav in New York about this new Aguda in a letter dated 6 Kislev, 5686/1925. He wrote that Divine Providence had caused Chassidim who had learned in Lubavitch to go to America in order
to inspire Chassidim and mekuravim in that country who never saw the Rebbeim:
"I have asked twice and three times that the talmidim, rabbanim, shochtim the balabatim correspond with one another, to inspire each other with a proper arousal. With
the same feeling and pleasure that
they merited to enjoy from the light
which is good, when they stood in
the holy chamber of [the Rebbe
Rashab], who toiled and worked
exceedingly hard to endow them
with bountiful good and the dew of
resurrection through numerous
sayings [which are] holy of holies;
so that they would shine forth like
stars in the sky in all their beings,
for good and blessing."
"You dear students … upon
whom Hashgacha Elyona decreed
that you go to a distant land, a
place where they did not see the
light of tzaddikim, our fathers the
holy Rebbeim. Even for the elders,
may they live long, it is many years
that they have not been in the
chambers of holiness, and the
young ones never saw anything.
Therefore, upon you and only upon
you, devolves the obligation and
mitzva to fulfill the great mission
to inspire them and draw them to
the light which is good."'''
Then the Rebbe calls upon the
Tmimim to unite:
"Unite, our dear talmidim, unite.
Awaken, awaken and rise up and illuminate with the light
which is good and the merit
of our fathers, the holy
Rebbeim, should cast a tent
upon you and the members
of your households, on those
who learn and support, on
them, their households and
children, and all they have
should be blessed with
unlimited blessings from
spirit to flesh."
The founding meeting of
the Aguda (association) took
place at Rabbi Simpson's
house on Motzaei Shabbos,
Parshas Shmini, the eve of 27
Nissan, and was attended by
about ten Lubavitcher
Chassidim who had learned in
Tomchei Tmimim in
Lubavitch.
The following are
the minutes of the meeting:
“The purpose of the Aguda
is for all the Tmimim in the United
States to unite in one bond, heart
and soul, physically and spiritually,
to arouse the spark of love and spirit
that they had when they were
together in Lubavitch.”
A book was chosen to record the
minutes of the Aguda. At the
beginning there was a paper on
which they signed their agreement of
the founding of the Agudas
HaT’mimim, which read as follows:
“Boruch Hashem, Motzaei
Shabbos kodesh Parshas Shmini,
5686, New York.
"We the undersigned have gathered
together for a meeting of Tmimim at
the home of Rabbi Simpson and we
have decided with a resolute decision
to unite together in one association,
heart and soul, and to meet once a
month, bli neder, at the home of one
of the Tmimim, to learn Chassidus
and to farbreng. It is the obligation
of each member to involve himself in
all matters of commitment to the
association materially and spiritually,
bli neder, and also to involve himself
in the welfare of our mosdos and the
welfare of the Rebbe shlita, bli neder.
“Eliyahu Simpson,
Gershon Simpson,
Alter Beilin,
Yisroel
Jacobson,
Zev Wolf Koznitz,
Avner
Shifrin,
Yosef Nelson,
Yitzchok Schneiderman,
Gershon Chanoch Hecharin .”
In 1940, upon his arrival in the United States, he assumed the role of President and in 1941, upon the arrival of his son-in-law, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, he appointed him as executive chairman. Its initial purpose was to "unify the Chasidim (adherents) of Chabad; to establish ordinances in every Chabad synagogue concerning the communal study of Chasidus... To establish Cheders for children and with God-fearing teachers. To establish Yeshivot for students to learn, from whom Torah may spread forth... and to support the organizations founded by the previous (Chabad) Rebbes."
After the passing of Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn in 1950, his son-in-law, Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson succeeded him as President of Agudas Chassidei Chabad. Since then, Agudas Chassidei Chabad has served as the umbrella organization for the Chabad Lubavitch movement.
In 1984, Rabbi Schneerson selected several new people to serve on the board. After their appointments, the board consisted of the following:
Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, President.
Chaim Mordechai Hodakov, vice-president.
Avraham Shemtov, chairman.
Nissan Mindel, Treasurer.
Yehuda Krinsky, Secretary.
Dovid Raskin
Moshe Pinchas Katz
Moshe Herson
J.J. Hecht
In March 1990, the documents were once again modified and Rabbi Schneerson selected a total of twenty-two individuals to serve as members on the board of the umbrella organization:
Rabbi Menachem M. Schneerson, President.
Chaim Mordechai Hodakov, vice-president.
Avraham Shemtov, chairman.
Nissan Mindel, Treasurer.
Yehuda Krinsky, Secretary.
Benjamin Goredetzky
Menachem Shmuel Dovid Raichik
Dovid Raskin
Moshe Herson
Shlomo Cunin
Sholom Marozov
Ephraim Wolff
Nachman Sudak
Joseph Weinberg
Sholom Mendel Simpson
Benjamin Levetin
Shimon Goldman
Zev Kasinetz
Joshuah Korf
Joshua Pinson
Shmuel Fox
Zev Katz
Ownership of 770 Eastern Parkway
In 2010, a New York judge ruled in favor of Agudas Chasidei Chabad, deciding over an ownership dispute between the organization and the Gabbayim of the synagogue housed at 770 Eastern Parkway. The court ordered the Gabbayim to deliver possession of the premises of 770 Eastern Parkway to Agudas Chasidei Chabad.
Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad
During World War II, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak was forced to flee from the USSR and went to Poland. He was given permission by the Soviet government to take many of his religious texts from his library with him. In March 1940, Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak managed to escape Europe for the United States, but was forced to leave his library behind. In the 1970s, many of the texts were recovered in Poland and were returned to Chabad. Today, the chief librarian is Rabbi Shalom Dovber Levine and contains over 250,000 books.
References
External links
Library of Agudas Chassidei Chabad
Chabad in the United States
Chabad organizations
Jewish-American history
Jewish organizations established in 1924
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3986646
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villager%20%28Saint%20Paul%2C%20Minnesota%29
|
Villager (Saint Paul, Minnesota)
|
The Villager, formerly the Highland Villager, is a Saint Paul, Minnesota newspaper. It was founded by Barry Prichard and Arnold Hed in 1953 as the Highland Villager, after Saint Paul's Highland Park neighborhood, and is the oldest community newspaper in the Twin Cities. It was the first paper to be distributed in both of the Twin Cities; Minneapolis and Saint Paul. In 2007 it absorbed a sister paper, Avenues (which had been called Grand Gazette till 2003).
As of 2021, the Villager circulates in the Saint Paul neighborhoods of Highland Park, Macalester-Groveland, Merriam Park, Snelling-Hamline, Lexington-Hamline, Summit-University, Summit Hill, West 7th/Fort Road, and Downtown; the Minneapolis neighborhoods of Hiawatha and Minnehaha; and suburban Mendota, Mendota Heights, and Lilydale.
The newspaper is published twice a month on Tuesday evenings. The Villager reports a readership of 90,000. In addition to paid subscribers, they distribute free doorstep delivery to 60,000 homes, apartments, and businesses. An additional 10,000 copies are distributed free of charge at local newsstands. The newspaper used to be unavailable online but now the website features digital copies of current editions as well as an archive which subscribers may peruse.
References
External links
Villager Listing
Newspapers published in Minnesota
Mass media in Minneapolis–Saint Paul
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3986656
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirin%20%28disambiguation%29
|
Sirin (disambiguation)
|
Sirin is a Russian mythological bird. Sirin may also refer to:
Sirin, Iran, a village in Kermanshah Province, Iran
Sirin, Baysan, a Palestinian village depopulated in 1948
Sirin (Islamic history), one of Muhammad's slaves
Şirin, a Turkish name
Ephrem the Syrian, an ancient Syrian saint known as Sirin in Russia
V. Sirin, the pen name of Vladimir Nabokov during his exile in Berlin
Vaniel Sirin (born 1989), Haitian football player
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3986671
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschel%20Bernardi
|
Herschel Bernardi
|
Herschel Bernardi (October 30, 1923 – May 9, 1986) was an American actor and singer. He is best known for his supporting role in the drama television series Peter Gunn (1958–1961) and his leading role in the comedy television series Arnie (1970–1972). The two series earned him a Primetime Emmy Award nomination and two consecutive Golden Globe Award nominations.
On stage, Bernardi appeared in many Broadway musicals. He was nominated for two Tony Awards for his performances in the original production of Zorba and the 1981 revival of Fiddler on the Roof.
Biography
Born in New York City, the younger son of Berel Bernardi and Helen Bernardi, Herschel was appearing on the stages of 2nd Avenue with his acting family before he could talk. In the 1930s, Bernardi appeared in the Yiddish films of Edgar G. Ulmer and was later among those actors who made the transition from Yiddish language films to English language films. Herschel was the brother of Jack Bernardi (who played Harvey Pulp in It's a Bikini World).
Bernardi is known for his starring roles on Broadway, including Tevye in Fiddler on the Roof, Zorba, and Bajour. He also appeared in many television programs, including Harbor Command and The Eleventh Hour (both with Wendell Corey) and State Trooper with Rod Cameron.
His career as a performer was affected by his being blacklisted for alleged involvement in the Communist Party in the 1950s.
From 1958 to 1961, Bernardi co-starred with Craig Stevens in Blake Edwards's television series Peter Gunn. He received his sole Emmy nomination, for Best Supporting Actor (Continuing Character) in a Dramatic Series - 1959, for his portrayal of Lieutenant Jacoby.
In 1961 Bernardi guest-starred in a Bonanza episode ("The Smiler") as Clarence Bolling, the vengeful brother of a murdered man.
In 1963 he was cast as Mr. Otis, a teacher who mostly ignores his students, in the episode "I Don't Even Live Here" of the NBC education drama series Mr. Novak starring James Franciscus.
Bernardi starred in the CBS sitcom Arnie (1970-1972). He starred for two years as someone plucked from the loading dock of a flange company to become an executive. He was nominated for Golden Globe Awards for Best Performance by an Actor in a Television Series - Musical or Comedy in 1971 and 1972.
He voiced Woodhead the rocking horse in Filmation's Journey Back to Oz. He also provided the Cowardly Lion's singing voice while Milton Berle provided the character's speaking voice. He also appeared as Joe Vitelli in the 1977 TV miniseries Seventh Avenue.
In Hail to the Chief (1985), a comedy on ABC, Bernardi played Helmut Luger.
Bernardi was in several notable films, including Murder by Contract (1958), A Cold Wind in August (1961), The George Raft Story (1961), Irma La Douce (1963), Love with the Proper Stranger (1963), No Deposit, No Return (1976), and The Front (1976), a film about blacklisting in the entertainment industry. Bernardi was the victim of blacklisting during the 1950s, as were several other performers and the screenwriter and director on that film. Bernardi also narrated and emceed The Golden Age of Second Avenue, a 1969 film documentary about the Yiddish theatre movement on New York's Lower East Side of the early-to-mid 20th century (where Bernardi had launched his acting career).
Bernardi was a noted voiceover artist and narrator with hundreds of films, commercials and cartoons to his credit and was the original voice of StarKist Tuna animated character "Charlie the Tuna" as well as the original voice of the Jolly Green Giant and was also the narrator of a long-running Tootsie Pop commercial, saying, "How many licks does it take to get to the Tootsie Roll center of a Tootsie Pop? The world may never know."
Herschel Bernardi also had two minor record hits, 1967's "If I Were a Rich Man", reflecting his success as Tevye, and 1971's "Pencil Marks on the Wall".
In 1961, the Vanguard Recording Society issued "Chocolate Covered Matzohs", recorded 'live' in front of an audience at the Valley Cities Jewish Community Center of Los Angeles, California, which was a collection of sentimental and wryly humorous tales in Yiddish and English of Jewish immigration into the U.S. at the turn of the 20th century and also featured some songs.
Death
Bernardi died in his sleep of a heart attack in Los Angeles, California, on May 9, 1986, at age 62. Bernardi is buried at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery in Los Angeles, California.
Filmography
Film
Television
Commercials
References
External links
Discography at SonyBMG Masterworks
1923 births
1986 deaths
American male film actors
American male musical theatre actors
American male television actors
American male voice actors
Jewish American male actors
American male radio actors
American male stage actors
Yiddish theatre performers
Burials at Mount Sinai Memorial Park Cemetery
Male actors from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American singers
20th-century American male singers
20th-century American Jews
Male actors from New York City
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3986674
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wabbit%20Who%20Came%20to%20Supper
|
The Wabbit Who Came to Supper
|
The Wabbit Who Came to Supper is a 1942 Merrie Melodies cartoon featuring Bugs Bunny and Elmer Fudd. It was released on March 28, 1942, and directed by Friz Freleng.
Plot
Elmer's hunting dogs have Bugs cornered when Elmer receives a telegram that says that his uncle, Louie, is dying and promises him $3 million in his will, but only if he doesn't harm any animals, especially rabbits. Elmer sets Bugs free and heads home. When Elmer arrives home, he hears Bugs singing in the shower and tries to kill him, but Bugs pokes out a sign that reminds Elmer of Uncle Louie. Elmer tries to get Bugs to leave the house and eventually tricks him out.
Bugs then pretends to die, causing Elmer to take him back in. Elmer rocks Bugs and sings him a lullaby when a letter comes which says that Uncle Louie died, and Elmer now inherits $3 million. However, a list of estate taxes, income taxes, and other legal fees have depleted the entire inheritance. Elmer also owes Uncle Louie's attorney an additional $1.98. Enraged at having put up with Bugs’ shenanigans for nothing, Elmer chases Bugs around the house and Bugs eventually runs out. A few seconds later, a postman arrives and gives Elmer a giant Easter egg, which pops open and reveals many tiny Bugs Bunnies who jump out and run around the house.
Production
This short is one of several pre-August 1948 WB cartoon shorts that lapsed into the public domain due to United Artists failing to renew the copyright in time.
The title of the short is a reference to the 1942 Warner Brothers film version of the 1939 George S. Kaufman Broadway comedy The Man Who Came to Dinner, in which an overbearing house-guest threatens to take over the lives of a small-town family.
Home media
Being in the public domain, The Wabbit Who Came to Supper was featured on several low-budget VHS releases of public domain cartoons. (The use of "Angel in Disguise," which remains under copyright, has complicated the short's public domain status.)
On the 2005 Looney Tunes Golden Collection: Volume 3 DVD release, The Wabbit Who Came to Supper is presented in a restored unedited version with a commentary track provided by animation historian Jerry Beck and Warner Brothers' inker Martha Sigall, one of about 40 uncredited inkers and painters who labored on the Looney Tunes shorts.
See also
List of films in the public domain in the United States
References
External links
The Wabbit Who Came To Supper on the Internet Archive
1940s English-language films
1942 short films
1942 comedy films
1942 animated films
1940s American animated films
1940s animated short films
1940s Warner Bros. animated short films
American short films
Merrie Melodies short films
Films featuring Bugs Bunny
Films featuring Elmer Fudd
Short films directed by Friz Freleng
Films produced by Leon Schlesinger
Films scored by Carl Stalling
Films with screenplays by Michael Maltese
Films about inheritances
American animated short films
Animated films about rabbits and hares
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5376885
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sheriff%20Hill
|
Sheriff Hill
|
Sheriff Hill is a suburb in the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead in Tyne and Wear, England. It lies on the B1296 road south of Gateshead, south of Newcastle upon Tyne and north of the historic city of Durham. According to the 2001 UK census it had a population of 5,051.
Historically part of Gateshead Fell in County Durham, Sheriff Hill was the site of a battle between William the Conqueror and Malcolm III of Scotland in 1068. A road was built through Gateshead Fell in the early 13th century, attracting some settlers. A procession of bishops, sheriffs and noblemen known as the Sheriff's March took place on the road in 1282 and continued biannually until the 1830s. By then, Gateshead Fell had been enclosed and a village had grown around the road, largely populated by an influx of tinkers, coalminers working at Sheriff Hill Colliery and workers at the local pottery, mill and sandstone quarry. By the turn of the 20th century these industries were in steep decline. The local authority built a large council estate at Sheriff Hill to alleviate dangerous overcrowding in Gateshead, effectively turning the area into a residential suburb. It ceased to be an independent village on 1 April 1974 when it was incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead under the terms of the Local Government Act 1972.
Now part of the local council ward of High Fell, the suburb is economically disadvantaged compared with other areas of the borough and nationally, with high levels of unemployment. Sheriff Hill was the site of one of Gateshead's largest boarding schools but as of 2012, the only remaining educational establishment is Glynwood Primary School. The suburb also contains the Queen Elizabeth Hospital the largest hospital in Gateshead, a small dene and a small park. The principal landmark is St John the Evangelist Church, one of three Grade II listed buildings in the area and one of two remaining churches. The southern end of Sheriff's Highwaythe main road through the suburb, is more than above sea level, making it the highest point in Gateshead.
History
Early history
Until the 19th century, Sheriff Hill was part of Gateshead Fell, a "windswept, barren and treacherous heath" that took its name from the town of Gateshead and the fell or common land contiguous with it. In 1068, Malcolm III of Scotland marched across the Scottish border to challenge the authority of William the Conqueror. Malcolm, accompanied by native insurgents and foreign supporters, was met by William's men in the area of Sheriff Hill and was decisively beaten. In the 13th century, a road through Gateshead Fell became the main trade route between Durham and Newcastle and as its importance grew, two public housesthe Old Cannon and The Three Tuns, were built along with a small number of houses.
The settlement's name derives from the Sheriff's March; an ancient, biannual procession first held in 1278. An inquisition at Tynemouth declared that the King of Scotland, the Archbishop of York, the Prior of Tynemouth, the Bishop of Durham and Gilbert de Umfraville, Earl of Angus should meet the justices before they entered Newcastle from the south. A procession was held before the meeting; on the appointed day the procession started in Newcastle, crossed the River Tyne to Gateshead and made its way up the steep road. The meeting place was initially at Chile Well but subsequently the procession came to "light and go into the house". The house was the Old Cannon public house, where drink was served at the sheriff's expense. When the judges arrived, the procession returned to Newcastle.
In 1647, Gateshead Fell was surveyed and was found to consist of of land. A number of small, isolated settlements had developed around the road at modern-day Deckham, Wrekenton, Low Fell and Sheriff Hill. The few cottages and properties at Sheriff Hill were of such poor quality that in 1713, the total of ninety-one cottages returned only £8 9s 6d in rent. The rental rate declined over the years and eventually, poverty rates were so high that several tenants paid no rent. The houses were extremely unappealing; many were essentially mud hutsearth mounds carved into dwellings and roofed with sod. The length of the road that ran through Sheriff Hill was called Sodhouse Bank. By the middle of the 18th century, the area had become a wild and frightening place and when theologian John Wesley arrived in 1785, he found a "pathless waste of white".
Industrial growth and enclosure
The road through Gateshead Fell was turnpiked by the Durham to Tyne Bridge Road Act in 1747. Although it had brought some early settlers to the area, the development of industry allowed the formative settlement to grow. In 1740, John Warburton opened a pottery at Carr Hill which is credited with introducing white earthenware to Tyneside. Encouraged by Warburton's success, Paul Jackson established the Sheriff Hill Pottery in 1771 at the northern end of the turnpike road and by 1775 was advertising his earthenware in the Newcastle Journal. Jackson's pottery, which became a local centre of pottery production, attracted settlers to the area and became a source of pride to local residents.
In 1793, Sheriff Hill Colliery, or "Ellison Main Colliery", opened at the summit of Gateshead Fell on the boundary between Sheriff Hill and Low Fell. The colliery had two shaftsthe Fanny and Isabella Pitsand provided employment for over 100 men and boys. In 1809, an Act ordered the enclosure of Gateshead Fell. Commissioners were appointed to settle claims and apportion Gateshead Fell accordingly. Plans were laid for the requisition and construction of wells, quarries, drains, roads and watering placesincluding a well at Blue Quarries. New roads, today known as Blue Quarries Road, Church Road and Windy Nook Road, were built. The last allotment land disputes were settled in 1830 and Gateshead Fell was entirely enclosed, formally creating the villages of Sheriff Hill, Low Fell, Deckham, Carr Hill and Wrekenton. After the enclosure, Sheriff Hill was a rural settlement before becoming a village.
In 1819, an explosion tore through the Sheriff Hill Colliery killing thirty-five people. Other industries were flourishing in the area; in 1823 "Heworth Windmill" or "Snowden's Mill", a gristmill worked by around thirty employees, was built and "Blue Quarries", a sandstone quarry, was opened in 1820 and provided employment for stonemasons, quarrymen and their apprentices. While not as extensive as Kell's Quarries at Windy Nook, Blue Quarries produced "Newcastle Grindstones" of excellent quality and world renown.
Modern history
By the turn of the 20th century, the industries at Sheriff Hill were in decline. In the 1890s the Old Mill closed, as did Sheriff Hill Pottery in 1909. In the 1920s Blue Quarries was filled in and Sheriff Hill Colliery, the longest surviving industrial operation, closed in 1926. The only surviving reminders of the suburb's industrial past are street names such as "Pottersway" and "Blue Quarries Road".
The industries that had disappeared were replaced by tracts of housing. While most of the sod cottages were torn down after enclosure, the remaining dwellings were in such poor condition that in 1883, Gateshead's Medical Health Officer described their standard as one of abject squalor. Some private housing estates were built in Sheriff Hill around 1900, including the Egremont Estatea distinctive estate dating from around 1910 where the houses have flat roofs with steps leading to them as an architectural feature, and also at Sourmilk Hill, where there are some irregularly arranged vernacular houses built from locally quarried stone and slate which give the area "the character of a small, rural farmstead". These developments did little to alleviate the unsanitary conditions and the chronic overcrowding in the village and across the borough. In light of these problems Gateshead Council, after having previously refused in 1911 and 1917, decided to purchase of land in Carr Hill and Sheriff Hill under the Housing Act 1919 at a cost of £19,000 in February 1919.
This led to the building of the first council housing estate in Gateshead. Alderman Hodkin laid the foundation stone on 27 October 1920; as work commenced the Alderman demonstrated the authority's concerns, telling the local newspaper that: "we can build houses, but we cannot build homes. Only the people themselves can do that and I hope that the spirit of 'esprit de corps' will prevail and this will be a model estate" Demand was highthere were 427 applicants for the first twenty eight houses builtand the council built further tracts of housing in a broad triangle between Sodhouse Bank, Ermine Crescent and The Avenue, although central government withdrew its promised funding. By 1936, most of the social housing available as of 2012 was in existence and provides accommodation to over half of the population of the suburb.
Sheriff Hill is now a residential suburb of Gateshead; in 1974 it was incorporated into the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead by the implementation of the Local Government Act 1972, before which it was considered part of County Durham. It is bordered by Low Fell to the west, Deckham to the north, Beacon Lough to the south and Windy Nook and Carr Hill to the east.
Governance
Sheriff Hill comprises part of the High Fell council ward of the Metropolitan Borough of Gateshead. The ward covers approximately , has a population of 8,952, and is represented on Gateshead Council by three councillors.
Sheriff Hill is represented in Parliament as part of the Gateshead constituency; the sitting Member of Parliament (MP) is Labour representative Ian Mearns, who was elected at the May 2010 general election with a majority of 12,549 votes over Liberal Democrat Frank Hindle. The swing from Labour to the Liberal Democrats was 3.9%.
Before May 2010, the area was part of the Gateshead East and Washington West constituency, which was abolished in that year's boundary changes. The MP for Gateshead East and Washington West from 2005 to 2010 was Sharon Hodgson, who campaigned in the newly formed constituency of Washington and Sunderland West. Hodgson succeeded Joyce Quin, who retired on 11 April 2005.
Geography and topography
Sheriff Hill is south of Gateshead town centre and from London. The underlying geology is predominantly sandstone, grindstone and clay. At the southern end of the suburb the land reaches an elevation of over above sea level, which is the highest point in the borough. In 1829, the view of Newcastle and the River Tyne from the hill was said to be "uncommonly grand" and it inspired local artist Thomas Miles Richardson to paint his first notable picture, "View of Newcastle from Gateshead Fell" in 1816. In spite of the extensive rebuilding in the 20th century, the natural topography still affords panoramic views, particularly to the east towards the coast and north as far as the Cheviot Hills, from several vantage points.
Climate
Sheriff Hill, in common with much of the north east of England, has a temperate climate. The mean highest temperature is , which is slightly lower than the England average of . The mean lowest temperature, , is somewhat higher than the England average of . The total annual rainfall is , significantly lower than the national average for England of .
Demography
According to the United Kingdom Census 2001, Sheriff Hill has a population of 5,05153% of whom are female, slightly above the national average, and 47% are male. 2.5% of the population are from a Black or other Minority Ethnic Group (BME), compared to 9.1% of the national population. Of the BME group, 41% are from the Asian or Asian–British ethnic group.
18.9% of all households are single-parent households, the fifth highest proportion in Gateshead compared with the Gateshead average of 11.5% and the UK average of 9.5%. 32.1% of households have dependent children, compared with 29.5% nationally and 28.4% in Gateshead. The Index of Multiple Deprivation, which divides England into 32,482 areas and considers quality of life indicators to measure deprivation, splits Sheriff Hill into two areas, one of which was in the top five percent of deprived areas in England in 2007.
Sheriff Hill compares unfavourably with the wider Gateshead area in respect of adults with educational qualifications. 50.7% of adults in the suburb have no educational qualifications, compared with 38.4% across Gateshead and with the England average of 28.9%. 25.2% of adults have five or more GCSEs or equivalent at grades A* to C compared with 46.6% across England, and 11.5% of adults in the suburb have two or more A-Levels or equivalent compared with the England average of 28.2% and 18.6% across Gateshead.
Religion
According to the 2001 UK census, 82.7% of residents in Sheriff Hill describe themselves as Christian. This is marginally higher than the regional average of 80.1% and substantially higher than the national average of 71.7%. The second most prevalent religion is Islam; some 0.57% of residents identify as Muslim. Around 0.1% identify as Buddhist and the same proportion identify as Jewish. Just 0.05% identify as Hindu. All of these figures are below the national average. Of the remaining residents, 0.1% adhere to a religion other than those stated, 11.2% have "no religion" and 5.1% did not state any religion.
There are two churches in the suburb today. The Anglican Church of St John is located in Church Road and the Sheriff Hill Methodist Church, a member of United Methodist Free Churches, is located at the junction of Kells Lane and Sheriff's Highway and is shown on the 1939 ordnance survey maps. It is a modern, brick building of semi-circular design.
Economy
While the original settlement at Sheriff Hill developed through the growth of industry in the area, the suburb today is predominantly residential with no significant industry. The suburb was once considered affluent, but as of 2012, almost half of the working age population are economically inactive and less than half of households own a car. The area has than higher levels of unemployment in comparison with Gateshead and England: at Broadway, Pottersway and the Avenue, only 23.8% of adults have full-time employment and 10.09% have part-time jobs. Around 3.1% of the population are self-employed. Those in employment work outside the area, except those employed in the suburb's public houses, betting shops or fast-food outlets. Other small shops provide some local employment, but few are open for any length of time as they cannot compete with larger retailers elsewhere in Gateshead.
Health
Sheriff Hill was once the site of a lunatic asylum, which was opened in the 1830s and situated on Sour Milk Hill Lane. Sheriff Hill Lunatic Asylum tended 86 patients in 1844 and continued to attract admissions until its closure in 1860. Soon after, work began on a 38–bed isolation hospital at what is today Queen Elizabeth Avenue. The first building was completed in 1878 and others were added later. The site was enclosed by a large stone wall tipped with barbed wire and broken glass, and by 1903 the hospital comprised a main block with an administrative building in the centre with a ward block on each side, another three-ward block, a porter's lodge, a steam disinfecting building, a laundry and a mortuary. The hospital had a maximum capacity of 78 patients, who were tended by two resident doctors and 10 nurses.
During the period 1918 to 1939, the isolation hospital remained the sole medical provision in Sheriff Hill. Faced with an increase in population, Gateshead Council decided that a new general hospital should be built. In March 1938, preliminary work started on the Queen Elizabeth Hospital on the site of the isolation hospital; the foundations were laid in 1939 but the outbreak of World War II delayed the building work. The new hospital was opened by Queen Elizabeth, wife of King George VI, on 18 March 1948. It is the largest hospital in Gateshead and has since been expanded, most notably with the opening of the North East NHS Surgery Centre in 2008, which cost £13.3 million.
According to official data, Sheriff Hill residents experience comparatively poor health; 13.7% of the adult population are considered clinically obese, around 38% of adults smoke compared with the UK average of 25.9% of adults, and 37% of adults are binge drinkers. The average life expectancy for men is 77.9 years, the same as the UK average, but for women is 78 years; four years below the UK national average.
Education
In 1875, Sheriff Hill Board School was opened on Church Road. The school was open to pupils aged 5 to 14, and the curriculum focused upon "the three Rs" and included some other subjects such as needlework and biblical instruction. Attendance was compulsory but truancy was rifesuch was the scale of the problem that prizes and awards were presented to encourage attendance. The school closed in 1947 and was replaced by Glynwood Primary School and Ennerdale Junior School, which were opened by Alderman Grant on 28 November 1953 after a dedication by the Rector of Gateshead.
Situated on Glynwood Gardens and Southend Road, the schools were later merged; Glynwood School survives as the sole educational establishment in Sheriff Hill. As of 2010, the school is larger than average and the proportion of children entitled to and claiming free school meals is well above the UK average. The pupils at Key Stage 1 and Key Stage 2 are taught subjects from the National Curriculum and achievement is broadly inline with the national average. After inspecting the school in 2010, OFSTED found it to be a "good" school and praised it for the high quality of teaching and for generating a positive and caring learning environment for pupils.
Leisure and recreation
Hodkin Park, at Sheriff's Highway, is one of many small parks in Gateshead. It is named in honour of Alderman Daniel Hodkin, Gateshead's deputy mayor in 1920 and a member of the Housing Committee which built council housing at Sheriff Hill. Hodkin Park was locally listed by Gateshead Council in 2004 in recognition of its significance to the local community. At the northern end of Sheriff's Highway there is a dene, shown as the "Quarry Plantation" on Ordnance Survey maps of 1858. In 2005, Gateshead Council carried out maintenance work on the dene, including the pruning of shrubbery and the installation of several sets of steps, to encourage residents to use the area.
Sheriff Hill contains several public houses because of its origin as a mining village with a population of tinkers, and because before Durham Road through Low Fell was opened in 1827, Sodhouse Bank (now Sheriff's Highway) was the route to the Great North Road. The Old Cannon, at the northern end of Sheriff's Highway, has existed since medieval times and its present name has been used since 1782, and possibly earlier. In 2016, the building still stands, but has been converted to a Chinese Takeaway. The Three Tuns, which is listed in trade directories in 1778, was the social hub of Sheriff Hill in the 19th century and used by miners and quarrymen, who engaged in cock fighting and cuddy racesinformal races between pit donkeys where bets were placedon open ground in Kells Lane. In 1867 it was the scene of a reception to celebrate the passing of Lord Russell's Reform Act, and reform meetings and benefit societies were subsequently held there. In recent times it has hosted a number of niche events, including an international pie festival in 2010 and an international sausage festival in 2011. Both the Old Cannon and The Three Tuns were locally listed by Gateshead Council in 2004. Other public houses in Sheriff Hill include the Queens Head, listed in trade directories since 1848, (which was converted into a 14 bedroom property in 2016) and the Travellers Rest, which was once called the "Golden Quiot".
Sheriff Hill Methodist Church plays an important social role in the community; it has hosted biannual jumble sales for many years and an annual Christmas Fayre is held at the church to mark the start of Christmas in Sheriff Hill.
Landmarks
Part of Sheriff Hill was designated a Conservation Area in 1999. The suburb has three Grade II listed buildings. The Church of St John was conceived in 1809 when an Enclosure Act decreed that a church be built on Gateshead Fell. The church was completed on 30 August 1825 at a cost of £2742. The church is a neat, plain, Gothic structure built from ashlar and slate, and was Grade II listed in 1950. The principal features are the tower and spire, which rise to . Coupled with the natural terrain of the land, the top of the spire reaches over above sea level, making it the highest point in the metropolitan borough and one of the highest churches in England; it is visible for several miles in all directions, making it a prominent landmark and sea mark.
Field House on Windy Nook Road was built in the 19th century in rubble stone and Welsh slate. It has been described as a remnant of Sheriff Hill's rural past and was listed on 13 January 1983. Thornlea on Church Road is one of the oldest buildings in the suburb. It is built in stone ashlar with a low hipped slate roof and the doorpiece has two intact Greek Ionic columns. Much of the original grounds have survived intact, as have the original walls of locally quarried stone. It was listed on 13 January 1988. Additionally, Sheriff Hill has ten locally listed buildings. These are the Zion Methodist Chapel, six stone cottages at Sheriff's Highway, The Three Tuns and Old Cannon public houses, and houses at 13–14 Egremont Drive.
The elevation of Sheriff Hill affords dramatic views of the surrounding landscape across the Team Valley to the west and the Cheviot Hills to the north.
Transport
Sheriff Hill is situated on the B1296 Old Durham Road, a wide and busy route that was formerly an alignment of the Great North Road, which was diverted through Low Fell. The section of Old Durham Road that traverses the suburb is called Sheriff's Highway. The journey time to Gateshead town centre by car or bus is approximately ten minutes, and approximately fifteen minutes to the centre of Newcastle upon Tyne.
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The nearest mainline railway station is Newcastle, away. The nearest airport is Newcastle Airport, away.
Sheriff Hill is served by several bus services, including Waggonway 28, the Fab 56 which continues into Sunderland and the Fab 57, which terminates at the Ellen Wilkinson Estate and is part of the 93/94 Loop network. All buses serving Sheriff Hill are operated by Go North East under the administration of Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive, known as "Nexus".
Public services
Home Office policing in Sheriff Hill is provided by Northumbria Police; the nearest police station is at High West Street, Gateshead. Statutory emergency fire and rescue service is provided by the Tyne and Wear Fire and Rescue Service and Sheriff Hill is served by the Gateshead East station on Dryden Road in Low Fell. Health provision is provided by the Queen Elizabeth Hospital, which is a National Health Service (NHS) hospital administered by the Gateshead Health NHS Foundation Trust. The area is served by an ambulance station adjacent to the hospital on Old Durham Road and ambulance services are provided by the North East Ambulance Service.
Public transport services are co-ordinated by the Tyne and Wear Passenger Transport Executive. Waste management is co-ordinated by the local authority, Gateshead Council, which provides refuse collections, which became fortnightly in March 2012. Sheriff Hill's distribution network operator for electricity is Northern Powergrid. Northumbrian Water supplies drinking water, which is sourced from Kielder Reservoir, and also has responsibility for waste water services.
Notes
References
Bibliography
Populated places in Tyne and Wear
Gateshead
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Ciraldo
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Al Ciraldo
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Alfred Joseph Ciraldo (September 2, 1921 – November 7, 1997) was an American sportscaster best known for his work as the play-by-play announcer for the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets basketball and football teams.
Career
He was a 1948 graduate of the University of Florida. with a degree in Broadcast Journalism. Following his graduation Ciraldo moved to Atlanta and did play-by-play work for the University of Georgia basketball team. He joined the staff at WGST radio in Atlanta and broadcast his first Georgia Tech football game in 1954, against Tulane. His first Tech basketball game was against Sewanee that same year. Over the next 38 seasons, he called 416 football and 1,030 basketball games for the Rambling Wreck.
In April 1985, when Georgia Tech switched coverage of its football games from WGST to WCNN, Ciraldo was removed as football announcer, allegedly at the behest of the Institute, but he was quickly hired by WCNN and reinstated as broadcaster amid a demonstration of public support.
Ciraldo served as a color analyst in football to Jack Hurst in the late '50s and '60s and then took over as lead broadcaster when Hurst left that post. Ciraldo is often remembered for the phrase "Toe meets leather", with which he led off every football game. Assisting Ciraldo on football broadcasts from 1974 to 2003 was former Tech quarterback Kim King, whom Ciraldo introduced every week as "the young left-hander from Atlanta’s own Brown High School". King's book, "Tales from the Georgia Tech Sideline", has a collection of anecdotes and stories about Ciraldo.
It was in basketball, however, that Ciraldo most notably left his mark. As Tech basketball reached national prominence in the mid-80's under Bobby Cremins, Ciraldo – splitting play-by-play and analyst duties with Brad Nessler – came to the attention of a new generation of sports fans in the southeast. Ciraldo popularized a term that Nessler coined – "Thriller Dome" – to describe the Tech's home court, Alexander Memorial Coliseum, which was the site of many close games in Tech's early ACC years. He died in 1997 in Atlanta.
Style
Ciraldo was an early practitioner of a style of basketball broadcasting that described the constant movement of the ball on the floor, an approach that enabled his listeners to virtually see the game in progress. In the prime of his career, his rapid speech pattern made Tech fans feel they were actually at the game, and after the advent of portable radios it was not unusual to see many spectators at the Coliseum listening to Ciraldo explain what they were looking at on the floor in front of them. Instant recognition of opposing players and a nonstop flow of information offered Tech fans unusual detail and a constant updating of the time and score. Ciraldo also understood many subtleties of the sport. He consistently reported which defenses the two teams were using and was quick to note any changes in them. He also did a nice job of identifying individual defensive battles and was quick to praise exemplary effort in that regard. (“Bruce Dalrymple, one of the best defenders ever to wear the white and gold. When he guards players, they disappear.”)
Legacy
Ciraldo's baritone voice and many signature phrases were quite memorable. He often described free throws that hung on the rim before falling in as having “a lot of iron, but good” (pronounced, staccato style, as ‘gut’) or by saying “rolls around” – dramatic pause – “and in.” Close games were "barnburners", as in "We got a real barnburner here tonight." He popularized the use of the terms “snowbird” and “bunny” for lay-ups in the 1950s and 60s, though many of those fans at the games with radios were surprised to see that some shots so described were heavily contested by defenders and anything but easy. A ballcarrier that straddled the sideline during a run would "tight rope the sideline". A sellout crowd before game time was described as "over Tech's capacity crowd filing through the turnstiles".
Those who heard Ciraldo only in his final few years of announcing basketball – when age had slowed him a bit even as the game itself sped up – may not have fully appreciated what he brought to a pre-video era. Georgia Tech memorialized his contributions both by 'retiring' his microphone and by inducting him into the Institute's Hall of Fame in 1986. A banner with Ciraldo's picture hangs high over the Coliseum court alongside a number of the players he so memorably reported on. In 2010, Ciraldo was inducted into the Georgia Sports Hall of Fame.
References
External links
ANAK Obituary
1921 births
1997 deaths
United States Army personnel of World War II
American radio sports announcers
College basketball announcers in the United States
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets football announcers
Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets men's basketball announcers
People from Akron, Ohio
University of Florida alumni
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick%20Tom%20Brooks
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Frederick Tom Brooks
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Frederick Tom Brooks CBE FRS (17 December 1882 – 11 March 1952) was an English botanist and Professor of Botany at the University of Cambridge.
Life
Brooks was born in Wells, Somerset the son of Edward Brooks and attended Sexey's School, Somerset from 1895 to 1898. He then attended Merrywood Teacher Training College in Bristol.
He went up to Emmanuel College, Cambridge in 1902.
In 1907 he married Emily Broderick. They had no children.
From 1905 to 1917 he held the role of Demonstrator in the Botany department. During the First World War he had the role of Plant Pathologist in the Department of Food Production. From 1919 to 1931 he was a lecturer at Cambridge and from 1931 to 1936 a Reader.
He became Professor of Botany at Cambridge in 1936. He specialised in mycology and investigated, amongst other things, silver-leaf disease of fruit trees. He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1930 and an Honorary Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1946. He was President of the Cambridge Philosophical Society from 1945 to 1947.
He died in Cambridge aged 70.
In 1956, Clifford Gerald Hansford circumscribed the genus Brooksia, a genus of fungi in the class Dothideomycetes and named in Frederick Tom Brooks honour.
Publications
Plant Diseases (1928)
Botanical reference
References
External links
1882 births
1952 deaths
People from Somerset
Fellows of the Royal Society
Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
Alumni of Emmanuel College, Cambridge
English botanists
Professors of Botany (Cambridge)
English mycologists
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Sexey's School
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5376899
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedersen
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Pedersen
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Pedersen () is a Danish and Norwegian patronymic surname, literally meaning "son of Peder". It is the fourth most common surname in Denmark, shared by about 3.4% of the population, and the sixth most common in Norway. It is of similar origin as the surname Petersen.
Listing of people with the surname Pedersen
Aaron Pedersen (born 1970), Australian actor of Arrente/Arabana descent
Abdul Wahid Pedersen (born 1954), Danish Imam
Alexander Pedersen (1891–1955), Norwegian sprinter
Alex Pedersen (cyclist) (born 1966), Danish cyclist
Alf Pedersen (1904–1925), Norwegian boxer
Allen Pedersen (born 1965), Canadian retired professional ice hockey player
Anne Rygh Pedersen (born 1967), Norwegian politician for the Labour Party
Bente Pedersen (born 1961), Norwegian novelist
Bent-Ove Pedersen (born 1967), Norwegian tennis player
Bernard E. Pedersen, American politician
Bjarne Bent Rønne Pedersen (1935–1993), Danish musician, banjo player and singer
Bjarne Pedersen (born 1978), Danish speedway rider
Blaine Pedersen, Canadian politician in Manitoba
Carl Alfred Pedersen (1882–1960), Norwegian gymnast and triple jumper
Carl Pedersen (gymnast) (1883–1971), Danish gymnast
Carl Pedersen (rower) (1884–1968), Danish rower
Carl-Henning Pedersen (1913–2007), Danish painter
Carsten Pedersen (born 1977), Danish cricketer
Cato Zahl Pedersen (born 1959), Norwegian skier
Charles J. Pedersen (1904–1989), American organic chemist
Chris Pedersen (actor), American actor and film star
Chris Pedersen (musician), Australian drummer
Christian Pedersen (1889–1953), Danish gymnast who competed in the 1920 Summer Olympics
Christiern Pedersen (1480–1554), Danish canon, humanist scholar, writer, printer and publisher
Christina Pedersen (handballer) (born 1982), Danish team handball goalkeeper
Christina Pedersen (referee) (born 1981), Norwegian football referee
Christopher S. Pedersen (born 1986), Norwegian baritone
Dag Erik Pedersen (born 1959), Norwegian road racing cyclist
Dan A. Pederson, USN, first officer-in-charge of the United States Navy Strike Fighter Tactics Instructor program known as Topgun
David Pedersen (born 1986), Norwegian singer
Dwite Pedersen (1941-2021), American politician
Dynes Pedersen (1893–1960), Danish gymnast
Eigil Pedersen (1917–1994), Danish chess player
Ellen Birgitte Pedersen (born 1955), Norwegian politician
Erik Bue Pedersen (born 1952), Danish handball player
Erik Pedersen (born 1967), Norwegian footballer
Finn Pedersen (1925–2012), Danish rower
George Pedersen (born 1931), Canadian academic administrator
Gerhard Pedersen (1912–1987), Danish boxer
Gro Pedersen Claussen (born 1941) Norwegian graphic designer
Gunner Møller Pedersen (born 1943), Danish composer
Haakon Pedersen (1906–1991), Norwegian speed skater
Hallgeir Pedersen (born 1973), Norwegian jazz guitarist
Hans Eiler Pedersen (1890–1971), Danish gymnast
Hans Pedersen (born 1887), Danish gymnast
Helga Pedersen (Denmark) (1911–1980), Danish Chief Justice and politician
Helga Pedersen (Norway) (born 1973), Norwegian deputy leader for the Labour Party
Helmer Pedersen (1930–1987), New Zealand Olympic Gold medallist in yachting
Henrik Bolberg Pedersen (born 1960), Danish trumpeter and flugelhorn player with the Danish Radio Jazz Orchestra
Henrik Pedersen (born 1975), Danish professional football player
Herb Pedersen (born 1944), American musician, guitarist, banjo player, and singer-songwriter
Hilde Gjermundshaug Pedersen (born 1964), Norwegian cross-country skier
Holger Pedersen (1867–1953), Danish linguist
Holger Pedersen (born 1946), Danish astronomer at the European Southern Observatory
Inger Pedersen (born 1936), Norwegian politician
Inger Stilling Pedersen (1929–2017), Danish politician
Jørgen V. Pedersen (born 1959), Danish road bicycle racer
Jacob Pedersen (1889–1961), Norwegian track and field athlete
James Pedersen (1868–1944), American politician
Jamie Pedersen (born 1968), American lawyer and politician
Jan O. Pedersen (born 1962), Danish Speedway rider
Jan Ove Pedersen (born 1968), Norwegian football coach and former player
Johanne Samueline Pedersen (1887–1961), Norwegian politician
Johannes Pedersen (1892–1982), Danish gymnast
Johannes Pederson (1883–1977), Danish theologian and linguist
John Pedersen (disambiguation), multiple people
Jonas Pedersen (1871–1953), Norwegian politician
Jostein Pedersen, Norwegian commentator and "music intelligencia"
Karl Pedersen (born 1940), Danish chess player
Katrine Pedersen (born 1977), Danish football midfielder
Kayla Pedersen (born 1989), American basketball player
Kenneth Møller Pedersen (born 1973), Danish professional football midfielder
Kjetil Ruthford Pedersen (born 1973), Norwegian footballer
Knud Pederson (1925-2014), Danish resistance leader and leader of the Churchill Boys
L. C. Pedersen, American politician
Laura Pedersen (born 1965), American author
Lena Pedersen (born 1940), Canadian politician and social worker from Nunavut
Lene Pedersen (born 1977), Norwegian ski mountaineer
Lene Marlin Pedersen (born 1980), Norwegian musician more commonly referred to as Lene Marlin
Mads Pedersen (born 1995), Danish professional racing cyclist
Marc Pedersen (born 1989), Danish professional football player
Marcus Pedersen (born 1990), Norwegian football player
Martin Pedersen (cyclist) (born 1983), Danish professional road bicycle racer
Martin Pedersen (footballer) (born 1983), Danish professional football player
Martin Pedersen (tennis) (born 1987), Danish professional tennis player
Merete Pedersen (born 1973), Danish football midfielder
Mette Pedersen (born 1973), Danish badminton player
Mia Bak Pedersen (born 1980), Danish football defender
Michael Pedersen, (born 1986), Danish cricketer
Mikael Pedersen (1855–1929), Danish inventor associated with the English town of Dursley
Monica Pedersen, American designer on the show "Designed to Sell"
Monika Pedersen, Danish singer of the band Sinphonia
Morten Gamst Pedersen (born 1981), Norwegian football player who currently plays for Blackburn Rovers
Morten Pedersen (born 1972), Norwegian soccer player, who played as defender
Nancy Pedersen, American genetic epidemiologist
Nicki Pedersen (born 1977), Danish motorcycle speedway rider
Nicklas Pedersen (born 1987), Danish professional football striker
Niels-Henning Ørsted Pedersen (1946–2005), Danish jazz bassist
Poul Lars Høgh Pedersen (born 1959), Danish football goalkeeper
Odd Kvaal Pedersen (1935–1990), Norwegian journalist, author and translator
Olaf Pedersen (gymnast) (1884–1972), Danish gymnast
Olaf Pedersen (1920–1997), Danish historian of science
Oluf Pedersen (gymnast) (1878–1917), Danish gymnast
Ove Pedersen (born 1954), Danish football manager and a former player
Paul Pedersen (composer) (born 1935), Canadian composer
Paul Pedersen (gymnast) (1886–1948), Norwegian gymnast
Peder Larsen Pedersen (1880–1966), Danish gymnast
Peder Oluf Pedersen (1874–1941), Danish engineer and physicist
Peder Pedersen (disambiguation)
Per Pedersen (cyclist) (born 1964), Danish retired road bicycle racer
Per Pedersen (footballer) (born 1969), Danish former football (soccer) player
Peter Dorf Pedersen (1897–1967), Danish gymnast
Peter Pedersen (politician), (born 1954), Swedish Left Party politician
Poul Pedersen (born 1932), Danish retired football (soccer) player
Ralf Pedersen (born 1973), Danish professional football defenderm
Randy Pedersen (born 1962), American professional bowler and color analyst for ESPN
Ray Pedersen, American artist and graphic designer
Red Pedersen (born 1935), former territorial level politician
Rolf Birger Pedersen (1939–2001), Norwegian footballer and football coach
Ronni Pedersen (born 1974), Danish motorcycle speedway rider
Rune Pedersen (born 1963), Norwegian referee in the 1990s
Rune Pedersen (footballer) (born 1979), Danish professional footballer
Søren Pedersen (born 1978), Danish professional football defender
Signe J. Pedersen (born 1982), Danish football midfielder
Sigurd Pedersen (1893–1968), Norwegian politician
Simon Azoulay Pedersen (born 1982), Danish professional football player
Snorre Pedersen (born 1972), Norwegian skeleton racer who competed from 1997 to 2005
Solveig Pedersen (born 1965), Norwegian cross country skier
Steinar Pedersen (born 1975), Norwegian football defender
Steinar Pedersen (politician) (born 1947), Norwegian politician
Steve Pedersen, American guitarist from Omaha, Nebraska
Susan Pedersen (historian), American historian currently working at Columbia University
Susan Pedersen (swimmer) (born 1953), American swimmer
Sverre Lunde Pedersen (born 1992), Norwegian speed skater
Terese Pedersen (born 1980), Norwegian handball goalkeeper
Terje Moland Pedersen (born 1952), Norwegian politician
Terje Pedersen (born 1943), Norwegian javelin thrower
Thomas Pedersen (disambiguation), several people
Thor Pedersen (born 1945), Danish politician
Thor Pedersen (rower) (1924–2008), Norwegian competition rower
Torben Mark Pedersen (born 1960), Danish economist and politician, founder of the political party Liberalisterne
Tore Pedersen (born 1969), Norwegian international football defender
Torny Pedersen (born 1946), Norwegian politician
Torsten Schack Pedersen (born 1976), Danish politician
Trond Pedersen (born 1951), Norwegian former football player and coach
Trond Jøran Pedersen (born 1958), Norwegian ski jumper
Trygve Pedersen (1884–1967), Norwegian sailor
Vilhelm Pedersen (1820–1859), Danish artist who illustrated the fairy tales of Hans Christian Andersen
Walter E. Pedersen (1911–1998), American politician
Willy Pedersen (born 1952), Norwegian sociologist
Pedersen as a middle or hyphenated name
Birger Møller-Pedersen, Norwegian computer scientist and Professor at the University of Oslo
Gustav Natvig-Pedersen (1893–1965), Norwegian politician
Hans Pedersen Herrefosser (born 1800), Norwegian politician
Jørgen Pedersen Gram (1850–1916), Danish actuary and mathematician
Johannes Pedersen Deichmann (born 1790), Norwegian politician
Karl Eirik Schjøtt-Pedersen (born 1959), Norwegian politician
Knut Pedersen Hamsun (1859–1952), Norwegian author who received the Nobel Prize in Literature for 1920
Maya Pedersen-Bieri (born 1972), Swiss skeleton racer
Michael Pedersen Friis (1857–1944), Danish Prime Minister (April 5, 1920 to May 5, 1920)
Morten Pedersen Porsild (1872–1956), Danish botanist who lived and worked in Greenland
Nils Pedersen Igland (1833–1898), Norwegian farmer and politician
Peder Johan Pedersen Holmesland (born 1833), Norwegian politician
Rasmus Pedersen Thu (1864–1946), Norwegian photographer
Simon Pedersen Holmesland (1823–1895), Norwegian politician
Ulla Pedersen Tørnæs (born 1962), Danish politician and former Minister for Development Cooperation of Denmark
Other references
Kohn Pedersen Fox Associates (KPF) is an international architectural design firm located in New York, London and Shanghai
.276 Pedersen, experimental 7 mm cartridge developed for the U.S. Army and used in the Pedersen rifle
3312 Pedersen (1984 SN), Main-belt Asteroid discovered in 1984
Pedersen bicycle, bicycle designed by Mikael Pedersen
Pedersen Device, attachment developed during World War I for the M1903 Springfield rifle that allowed it to fire a short 0.30 (7.62 mm) caliber intermediate cartridge in semi-automatic mode
Pedersen index, measure of electoral volatility in party systems
Pedersen rifle, United States semi-automatic rifle designed by John Pedersen
Pedersen's law, named after Danish linguist Holger Pedersen, is a Balto-Slavic accent law which states that the stress was retracted from stressed medial syllables in Balto-Slavic mobile paradigms
Pedersen v. Office of Personnel Management, United States lawsuit
See also
Pederson, surname
Petersen, surname
References
Danish-language surnames
Norwegian-language surnames
Patronymic surnames
fr:Pedersen
|
5376901
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jind%C5%99ich%20Svoboda%20%28footballer%29
|
Jindřich Svoboda (footballer)
|
Jindřich Svoboda (born 14 September 1952 in Adamov) is a Czech football player. He played for Czechoslovakia.
He was a participant at the 1980 Olympic Games, where Czechoslovakia won the gold medal, thanks to his winning goal in the final match.
In his country he played mostly for Zbrojovka Brno.
References
Profile at ČMFS website
1952 births
Living people
Czech footballers
Czechoslovak footballers
Footballers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of Czechoslovakia
Olympic gold medalists for Czechoslovakia
Czechoslovakia international footballers
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
FC Fastav Zlín players
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Association football forwards
People from Adamov (Blansko District)
Sportspeople from the South Moravian Region
|
5376907
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Edward%20Briggs
|
George Edward Briggs
|
George Edward Briggs FRS (25 June 1893 – 7 February 1985) was Professor of Botany at the University of Cambridge.
He was born in Grimsby, Lincolnshire, the eldest son of Walker Thomas and Susan (née Townend) Briggs.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1935. He published several significant scientific papers on enzymes. Part of his work on enzymes was done with J. B. S. Haldane, and led to the derivation of Victor Henri's enzyme kinetics law and Michaelis–Menten kinetics via the steady state approximation. This derivation remains commonly used today because it provides better insight into the system, though it retains the algebraic form of the Michaelis-Menten equations.
Notable publications of Briggs include Movement of Water in Plants.
References
External links
Portrait of George Edward Briggs at the National Portrait Gallery in London, painted by Walter Stoneman
1893 births
1985 deaths
People from Grimsby
Fellows of the Royal Society
Professors of Botany (Cambridge)
|
5376924
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrik%20Fitzgerald
|
Patrik Fitzgerald
|
Patrik Fitzgerald (born Patrick Joseph Fitzgerald, 19 March 1956, Stratford, East London) is an English singer-songwriter and an originator of folk punk. The son of working-class Irish immigrant parents, he began recording and performing during the punk rock movement in 1977, after working briefly as an actor.
Early recordings
His early songs were generally short, sarcastic efforts, recorded with just an acoustic guitar and occasional studio effects, with lyrics containing a large amount of social comment. Fitzgerald was soon regarded as an original of his genre, somewhere between a punk-poet and an urban folksinger, and was lauded in some circles as "the new Bob Dylan". After starting out as a busker, he approached David Bowie's original manager, Ken Pitt, requesting his services; Pitt declined but an audition was set up with Noel Gay in 1975 who also turned Fitzgerald down.
In 1976 Fitzgerald auditioned, alongside Mick Jones and Tony James for the band London SS, again without success. After a spell acting in a communal theatre group (9 months in Stratford's The Soapbox Theatre), he drifted towards the developing Punk scene. He was a regular customer at the Small Wonder record shop in London, and when Small Wonder launched a record label Fitzgerald was one of the first to submit a demo – and got a deal, with the new label releasing his first three EPs, the first being Safety-Pin Stuck in My Heart, still his best-known work, and one which he subtitles "a love song for punk music". Patrik became a regular performer at London punk gigs, and supported The Jam on their national tour.
Polydor era
These early recordings attracted interest from Polydor Records who signed him up to record his first LP, Grubby Stories in 1979, recorded with established punk musicians including Robert Blamire of Penetration and John Maher of the Buzzcocks, produced by Peter Wilson. The LP contained 17 tracks, seven of them recorded with these musicians.
Two singles ("All Sewn Up" and "Improve Myself") were released by Polydor, either side of the album and Fitzgerald undertook a tour with a new group of musicians: Colin Peacock (guitar), Charlie Francis (bass) (later to join Toyah), and Rab Fae Beith on drums (later of The Wall and UK Subs).
Fitzgerald appeared in the post-punk documentary Rough Cut and Ready Dubbed in 1979/80 contributing the title song "Island of Lost Souls" and one performance of "Tonight" with Colin Peacock on keyboards.
Early 1980s
After being dropped by Polydor, he continued to play solo acoustic concerts, gradually forsaking the ironic, sarcastic mode for a more deeply etched, darker formulation.
Now without a manager, Fitzgerald returned again to acoustic solo performance, then releasing a single under the pseudonym Josef Garrett, then, using a borrowed Revox, he began recording a series of backing tapes to use in live performance. These recordings, based partly on the former group's unreleased material, with Patrik playing everything, were released in 1982 by Red Flame Records as his second album Gifts and Telegrams.
At this point, Patrik Fitzgerald formed a small group of solo performers, working under the banner Ghosts of Individuals, and featuring himself, David Harrow, U.V. Pop (Ultra Violent PØP), Kevin Hewick and Anne Clark (known for her solo albums on Red Flame). The forerunner of London's cabaret scene, the Ghosts, like Fitzgerald's
music, was aimed at, and appealed to London's loners .
In 1981, he released a five track 12-inch titled Tonight EP. This recording was credited to a trio, Patrik Fitzgerald Group, comprising Fitzgerald – credited with songs, guitars piano etc., Colin Peacock – credited with synthesizer and guitar, and Lester Broad – credited with saxophone. Engineer was given as abbey. This EP had three tracks on side one – "MR & MRS", "Animal Mentality" and "Tonight". Side two contained "A Superbeing" and "Waiting for the Final Cue".
Following this, in mid-1983, Patrik Fitzgerald formed a collusion with a peripheral musician from the Ghosts, clarinet player Alistair Roberts, and along with three more brass instruments players he recorded his next LP, Drifting Towards Violence. The music on it is mostly acoustic, accompanied by the gloomy sound of the brass section and hard-hitting lyrics. Released by the Belgian label Himalaya the record went completely unadvertised, and, consequently, sank without leaving a trace. The release was followed by a solo tour of Europe, where Fitzgerald has retained a loyal following.
Return in 1986
In 1986 he released Tunisian Twist, which introduced a radical change of style towards a more commercial sound. The album features a guitar/bass/drums/keyboards band, with a brass section; its sound is thus much fuller than Fitzgerald's previous work. The lyrics deal with subjects as diverse as terrorism, surrogate birth and trade unionism in the climate of Thatcher's "economic realism". While some of the songs are heavy with ironic humour in the manner of Patrik Fitzgerald's early days, there remains the biting incisiveness which has always been his hallmark.
In that year he also contributed a duo with Anne Clark to the compilation LP Abuse – Artists For Animals, dealing with the controversy of bullfights. In the absence of commercial success, Fitzgerald took a job as a waiter at the British House of Commons, before relocating to Normandy in 1988. However, he found himself disenchanted and unable to find gainful employment, and so returned to England three years later.
1990s and beyond
The early 1990s saw Fitzgerald return to playing gigs again, and he also re-launched an acting career, the most high-profile engagement of which was a version of Molière's The Miser at Stratford.
Seven years after his last release, 1993 saw the release of a new album on Red Flame, Treasures from the Wax Museum, a compilation of early 80s material, with four new tracks.
In 1995 he released Pillow Tension on the Greek label Lazy Dog and relocated to New Zealand. Beat Bedsit Records issued Room Service, a CD with new bedroom recordings, in 2001.
The album Floating Population (2006) was issued to coincide with a European tour with Attila the Stockbroker. It contains a few new songs and alternative versions/recordings of songs spanning his entire career.
Dark Side of the Room (2006) is a split CD with the band POG. It contains 12 tracks by Fitzgerald, mostly versions of old songs.
Spirit of Revolution (2007) is a split 7-inch single with punk poet Attila the Stockbroker. It contains 5 tracks including 2 new Patrik Fitzgerald recordings: The Next Revolution recorded live in Norway and Tired recorded in New Zealand and sent by email to Norway, where industrial classical musicians and the sound of rainfall were added and the track was mixed.
An early rough cut of film documentary called All the Years of Trying directed by Dom Shaw previewed on 6 March 2009 at the Kosmorama Film Festival in Trondheim, Norway. There was also a tribute concert organised on the same day as part of the festival, organised by Crispin Glover Records. The finished film, incorporating footage of the tribute gig as well as an excellent earlier gig at London's historic 12 Bar Club in Tin Pan Alley and Patrik's music video produced in New Zealand by Ken Clark, premiered at the Raindance Film Festival on 4 October 2009 and was shown at London's Whitechapel Art Gallery on 24 April 2010 as part of the East End Film Festival.
Discography
Albums
Grubby Stories (1979), Polydor
Gifts and Telegrams (1982), Red Flame
Drifting Towards Violence (1984), Himalaya
Tunisian Twist (1986), Red Flame
Pillow Tension (1995), Lazy Dog
Room Service (2001), Beat Bedsit
Floating Population (2006)
Dark Side of the Room (2006) – split with Pog
Subliminal Alienation (2012)
Compilations
Treasures from the Wax Museum (1993), Red Flame
Safety Pin Stuck in My Heart – The Very Best of Patrik Fitzgerald (1994), Anagram
Safety Pins, Secret Lives and the Paranoid Ward (The Best of 1977–1986) (2015), Cherry Red
Singles, EPs
Safety Pin Stuck in My Heart EP (1977), Small Wonder
The Backstreet Boys EP (1978), Small Wonder
The Paranoid Ward/The Bedroom Tapes 12-inch EP (1978), Small Wonder
The Paranoid Ward 7-inch EP (1978), Small Wonder
"All Sewn Up" (1979), Polydor
"Improve Myself" (1979), Polydor
Tonight EP (1980), Final Solution – UK Indie #24
"Without Sex/Pop Star, Pop Star" as Josef Garret (1981), Ellie Jay Records
"Personal Loss" (1982), Red Flame
Spirit of Revolution EP (2007) Crispin Glover Records – split with Attila the Stockbroker
No Santa Clauses 7-inch (2021) Crispin Glover Records - featuring Lemur
References
External links
Patrik Fitzgerald homepage
Patrik Fitzgerald's MySpace
Anonymousfilms.co.uk
Crispin Glover Records.com
The unknown soldier
Punk Poet Honoured
Raindance.co.uk
1956 births
Living people
Punk poets
English punk rock singers
English male singer-songwriters
People from Stratford, London
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5376926
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Lawrence
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Alan Lawrence
|
Alan Lawrence (born 19 August 1962 in Edinburgh), fondly known as "Nipper", is a Scottish former footballer, best known for his time spent with Airdrieonians and Heart of Midlothian in the early and mid-1990s. He also worked as a coach with Airdrie United in the Scottish First and Second Divisions.
Early career
Lawrence made his senior debut with local club Meadowbank Thistle. Having found a foothold in the professional game as a diminutive, nippy striker, he was soon on the way up, signing for Dundee late in the 1986–87 season. Further goalscoring exploits there saw him move to Airdrieonians two years later, where although being used chiefly as a forward, he would also be deployed as a winger. Lawrence's consistent performances in an era when Airdrie reached a Scottish Cup Final in 1992, and subsequently made their only foray into European football in their history the following season, cemented his place as a legend with the Airdrie faithful. In all, 'Nipper' would go on to make over 200 appearances for the Diamonds, scoring over 50 goals, culminating in a second Scottish Cup final appearance in 1995, again ending in defeat.
To Hearts and back
Further success at Airdrie saw Lawrence signed by Hearts in summer 1995. Only a year later however, after 34 appearances and 7 goals (plus a third losing Scottish Cup Final appearance) he was on his way back to Airdrie, where he spent another year and a half. In December 1997, he was released to Partick Thistle, scoring three goals in seventeen league appearances. His short tenure at Firhill ended when he signed for Third Division side Stenhousemuir in the summer of 1998.
Stenhousemuir 1998–2000
Alan's two years with "The Warriors" are fondly remembered. He burst onto the scene at Ochilview with a hatful of crucial goals, most notably a hat-trick in a 5–1 trouncing of Albion Rovers, as the club chased promotion. It was in mid-season however, with a surplus of strikers and shortages elsewhere in the squad, that Nipper was moved to right-back, where it was thought his experience of playing as a winger would benefit the team. He did not disappoint, turning in solid performances week in, week out, including a Scottish Cup tie against Rangers in January 1999, in which the team performed admirably. The move to defence didn't dampen his appetite for goals either, and he chipped in with some vital strikes in the club's hunt for promotion. Indeed, his last minute volley to win at Montrose late in the season set the tone for Stenhousemuir's promotion just a matter of weeks later, the first in the club's history.
His second season at Ochilview was tougher, as it was for all involved with the club, as the inevitable battle to stave off relegation ensued. Stenhousemuir would survive that season, but despite this, his close relationship with the fans, and his desire to stay, Alan departed in August 2000 following an alleged difference of opinion with the club's board of directors.
Late playing career and coaching
Over the next few years, Lawrence acted as player-coach at Cowdenbeath. He rejoined Airdrie in 2002, but made no appearances. He also spent two years with Arbroath, playing three games.
In 2006, Lawrence coached junior side Bathgate Thistle to the final of the OVD Scottish Junior Cup, where they were narrowly defeated by Auchinleck Talbot. Bathgate and Lawrence eventually got their hands on the trophy in 2008, beating Cumnock in the final.
Personal life
Lawrence made an appearance in the Scottish football film A Shot at Glory in 2000, alongside The Godfather star Robert Duvall, Michael Keaton and Ally McCoist.
After being at Airdrie United for several years as assistant coach, in June 2012 Lawrence left the club citing "work commitments". However it was later reported that he had resigned from being a postman and was under investigation by The Royal Mail for mail theft. In February 2014, having pleaded guilty to the offence, he was sentenced to 100 hours of unpaid work.
Honours
Airdrieonians
Scottish Challenge Cup: 1994–95
See also
List of footballers in Scotland by number of league appearances (500+)
References
1962 births
Living people
Footballers from Edinburgh
Scottish footballers
Airdrieonians F.C. (1878) players
Dundee F.C. players
Heart of Midlothian F.C. players
Partick Thistle F.C. players
Stenhousemuir F.C. players
Cowdenbeath F.C. players
Arbroath F.C. players
Airdrieonians F.C. players
Scottish Football League players
Association football forwards
Association football wingers
British people convicted of theft
21st-century Scottish criminals
Sportspeople convicted of crimes
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5376931
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Casey
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George Casey
|
George Casey may refer to:
George W. Casey Sr. (1922–1970), U.S. Army general
George W. Casey Jr. (born 1948), Chief of Staff of the U.S. Army, and the son of the above
George Elliott Casey (1850–1903), Canadian journalist and politician
See also
Casey (disambiguation)
George (disambiguation)
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5376932
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Percy%20Wragg%20Brian
|
Percy Wragg Brian
|
Percy Wragg Brian FRS FRSE CBE (5 September 1910 – 17 August 1979) was a British botanist and mycologist. He was critical to the development of plant pathology and natural antibiotics such as Gibberellin and Griseofulvin.
Life
He was born in Hall Green, Yardley to Percy Brian (1881–1945), a schoolteacher from Macclesfield and his wife Adelaide Wragg. His early education was at King Edward's School, Birmingham. He graduated from King's College, Cambridge in 1931. He was awarded a PhD in 1936 and DSc in 1951, and he was elected a Fellow of Queens' College, Cambridge in 1968.
His first employment was as Assistant Mycologist at Long Ashton Research Station where he worked from 1934 to 1936. In 1936 he began at ICI's facility at Jealott's Hill before moving in the late 1930s to their Butterwick Research Laboratories (later renamed Akers) as Mycologist and in 1946 was promoted to Head of Microbiology. He served in this role for ICI until 1961 and spent his final two years with them as Associate Research Manager. During this period, in 1962, he was on a team which discovered new antibiotics produced by fungi.
He was appointed to the Regius Chair of Botany at University of Glasgow in 1962, leaving six years later to become Head of the Cambridge Botany School.
He was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1958. In 1964 he was made a Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh.
He was President of the British Mycological Society in 1959 and 1965; President of the Association of Applied Biologists in 1961; and President of the Society of General Microbiology from 1965 to 1968.
Family
He married twice, firstly to Iris Hunt in 1934 (dissolved) secondly to Meg Gilling in 1948. His younger brother, Michael Vaughan Brian (1919–1990), was an entomologist, specialising in ants.
References
1910 births
1979 deaths
Scientists from Birmingham, West Midlands
Fellows of the Royal Society
Alumni of King's College, Cambridge
Fellows of Queens' College, Cambridge
20th-century British botanists
Professors of Botany (Cambridge)
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5376955
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canons%20Regular%20of%20the%20Immaculate%20Conception
|
Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception
|
The Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception () are members of a Catholic Order of Canons Regular of Pontifical Right for men founded in France in 1871, which follows the Augustinian Rule, and is part of the Order of Canons Regular of St. Augustine. They add the nominal initials of C.R.I.C.
after their names to indicate their membership in the Congragation.
History
Adrien Gréa was born on February 18, 1828, and studied law at L’École des Chartes in Paris, where he became friends with Frederic Ozanam, the founder of the Society of St. Vincent de Paul. He later took a doctorate in theology at the Sapientia University, and was ordained to the sacred priesthood on September 20, 1856.
The congregation was founded at Saint-Claude, in the Department of Jura, by Adrien Gréa, then a secular priest and Vicar General of the Diocese of St.-Claude, a position he had accepted in 1863 at the bishop's urging, despite his feeling of being called to life in a religious community.
Through his position of authority in the diocese, Gréa came to see many of the troubles experienced in the lives of its clergy. He came to attribute much of the problem to the isolation of their lives, even when sharing a rectory. Having studied Church history while preparing for his ordination as a priest, he felt that a solution could be found in the communal lives of the canons regular, who combine a monastic way of life with the pastoral care of the secular clergy. He then determined to commit himself to that way of life.
Together with two companions who wished to join him in this form of life, Gréa settled in a small house where they began to follow the traditional monastic practices of the canonical life, rising at midnight to start the day's cycle of the Liturgy of the Hours on 21 November 1865 as well as the traditional fastings and abstinence. They took their first religious vows on the first anniversary of the inauguration, and together with two other canons, perpetual vows on 8 September 1871, made to the Bishop of Saint-Claude, who simultaneously gave them official approval as a religious community. The new congregation received the papal Decretum laudis only five years later from Pope Pius IX, who also gave the congregation its name. He and his successor, Pope Leo XIII, were to give their formal approval of the congregation in three different rescripts (1870, 1876 and 1887).
The canons took their first step toward the life they had envisioned in December 1880, when the bishop gave them the charge of a parish in the small town of Lescheres. They quickly organized the life of the parish, educating the children and starting a choir which would provide music for the daily Vespers services of the canonical community. This situation did not last long, for they were expelled from the town when the authorities of the anti-clerical national government learned of their presence there.
In 1890 the Canons were given the ancient Abbey of St. Antony, Saint-Antoine-l'Abbaye, in the Department of Isère, leaving their original home. In 1896, Pope Leo, recognizing the growth of the congregation, raised Gréa from the rank of prior to that of abbot. He received the formal abbatial blessing on the Feast of the Immaculate Conception (8 December) of that same year.
The motherhouse of the congregation was maintained at Saint-Antoine from 1890 until 1903, when, following the anti-clerical laws passed by the French government in 1901 and the persecution of the Church which resulted from them, the community was transferred to Andora, in the Italian region of Liguria, and then near the Gianicolo in Rome in 1922, where it remains today, and where the Superior General resides.
The congregation is international, having houses in France, Italy, Peru (where a mission was established in 1905), England (where the community has been present since 1932), Brazil, the United States, and Canada, the first mission of the congregation, established in 1891 at Nomingue in Ottawa and at St. Boniface, Manitoba. There were four establishments in the Diocese of Ottawa, six in that of St. Boniface, two in Saskatchewan and one in Prince Albert, a community was composed of eight priests and major clerics, and of about as many scholastics, postulants and lay brothers. The priests have been successfully employed in colonization and the education of youth.
The Congregation of the Immaculate Conception, together with eight other congregations of Canons Regular make up the Confederation of Canons Regular of St. Augustine.
The current Superior General, Dom Rinaldo Guarisco CRIC, was elected at the 2018 General Chapter.
In England, the Congregation has charge of the parish of Our Lady of Charity and St Augustine Daventry in Northampton Diocese. In the United States the community has charge of St Sebastian's and Our Lady of Guadalupe parishes and a house of formation in Santa Paula, California, in the Archdiocese of Los Angeles.
References
Sources
External links
Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception USA website
Canons Regular of the Immaculate Conception Italian website
Immaculate
Religious organizations established in 1871
Catholic religious institutes established in the 19th century
1871 establishments in France
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5376959
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monin%E2%80%93Obukhov%20length
|
Monin–Obukhov length
|
The Obukhov length is used to describe the effects of buoyancy on turbulent flows, particularly in the lower tenth of the atmospheric boundary layer. It was first defined by Alexander Obukhov in 1946. It is also known as the Monin–Obukhov length because of its important role in the similarity theory developed by Monin and Obukhov. A simple definition of the Monin-Obukhov length is that height at which turbulence is generated more by buoyancy than by wind shear.
The Obukhov length is defined by
where is the frictional velocity, is the mean virtual potential temperature, is the surface virtual potential temperature flux, k is the von Kármán constant. The virtual potential temperature flux is given by
where is potential temperature, is absolute temperature and is specific humidity.
By this definition, is usually negative in the daytime since is typically positive during the daytime over land, positive at night when is typically negative, and becomes infinite at dawn and dusk when passes through zero.
A physical interpretation of is given by the Monin–Obukhov similarity theory. During the day is the height at which the buoyant production of turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) is equal to that produced by the shearing action of the wind (shear production of TKE).
References
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
Boundary layer meteorology
Fluid dynamics
Buoyancy
Meteorology in the Soviet Union
Microscale meteorology
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5376960
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sordes
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Sordes
|
Sordes was a small pterosaur from the late Jurassic (Oxfordian/Kimmeridgian) Karabastau Svita of Kazakhstan.
This genus was named in 1971 by Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov. The type species is Sordes pilosus. The genus name is Latin for "filth" or "scum"; but Sharov translates it as "", which means "devil" or "evil spirit", so the intended translation is "hairy devil" (the specific name is Latin for "hairy"; despite sordes being feminine, it has not yet been amended to pilosa).
Discovery
Sordes is based on the holotype PIN 2585/3, which consists of a crushed relatively complete skeleton on a slab. It was found in the 1960s at the foothills of the Karatau in Kazakhstan.
Sharov had already referred a paratype or second specimen: PIN 2470/1, again a fairly complete skeleton on a slab. By 2003 another six specimens had been discovered.
Description
Sordes had a 0.63 m (2 ft) wingspan. The wings were relatively short. Sordes had, according to Sharov and Unwin, wing membranes attached to the legs and a membrane between the legs. It had a short neck. It had a long tail, accounting for over half its length, with at the end an elongated vane.
Skull and dentition
It had a slender, not round, head with moderately long, pointed jaws. The skull was about 8 cm (3.2 in) long. Unlike many pterosaurs, it had no head crest. The teeth in the frontal half of the jaws are large and pointed to facilitate prey capture. The teeth beyond these in the rear half of the jaw are much smaller and more numerous than those at the front, suggesting that they were more for crushing. Together these two types of teeth indicate specialisation for prey that was difficult to catch yet required some effort to eat. Likely contenders are invertebrates with tougher exoskeletons, or amphibians that were slippery to catch and then required some crunching before they could be swallowed.
Pycnofibers
The fossil shows remains of the soft parts, such as membranes and hair-like filaments. This was the first unequivocal proof that pterosaurs had a layer of hair-like filaments covering their bodies, later named pycnofibres. The pycnofibres served as insulation, an indication the group was warm-blooded, and provided a streamlined flight profile. The pycnofibres are present in two main types: longer at the extreme part of the wing membrane and shorter near the body. In the 1990s, David Unwin argued that both types were essentially not hairs but reinforcing fibres of the flight membranes. Later he emphasized that "hair" in the form of pycnofibres was indeed present on the body, after the find of new specimens clearly showing this.
Classification
Sordes has been assigned to the family Rhamphorhynchidae. These were among the earliest of the pterosaurs, evolving in the late Triassic and surviving to the late Jurassic. According to Unwin, within Rhamphorhynchidae Sordes belonged to the Scaphognathinae. Other researchers however, such as Alexander Kellner and Lü Junchang, have produced cladistic analyses showing that Sordes was much more basal, and not a rhamphorhynchid.
See also
List of pterosaur genera
Timeline of pterosaur research
References
External links
Artistic reconstruction of a Sordes pilosus at the Fossilsmith Studios
A fossil of a Sordes at paleo.ru
Article and picture of Sordes
Late Jurassic pterosaurs of Asia
Novialoids
Taxa named by Aleksandr Grigorevich Sharov
Fossil taxa described in 1971
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5376963
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremy%20Hillary%20Boob
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Jeremy Hillary Boob
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Jeremy Hillary Boob, Ph.D. is a fictional character appearing in the 1968 animated film Yellow Submarine, voiced by comedian Dick Emery. The character was conceived as a parody of public intellectuals and polymaths such as Southern Methodist University professor Jeremy duQuesnay Adams and theatrical director and physician Jonathan Miller. Inspiration for overall appearance and voice was also taken from Maharishi Mahesh Yogi.
Fictional character biography
In the film Yellow Submarine, the Beatles, on their way to save the fictitious region of Pepperland from the Blue Meanies, encounter Jeremy, a strange little brown-furred being with a blue face, pink ears and a fluffy, rabbit-like tail. He has an extremely eccentric and flamboyant personality. He lives in the Sea of Nothing, also known as Nowhere Land, and speaks mostly in rhyme. He describes himself as an "eminent physicist, polyglot classicist, prize-winning botanist, hard-biting satirist, talented pianist, good dentist too.” Jeremy also owns a mysterious purple and green object that can turn from a typewriter to a tree, to an easel, a piano, and numerous other things. He spends the vast majority of his time frenetically creating art, using the various transformations of the object. He is seen carving stone, editing a nearly finished book, composing piano music, and painting in rapid succession. He also reviews his own works but states "it's (his own) policy to never read them".
The band realizes that one of their songs sums Jeremy up well and they sing "Nowhere Man" about him as he cavorts with their magic. However, he soon becomes sad when he realizes they are going to leave. Feeling sorry for him, Ringo Starr offers to take him with them and he gratefully accepts.
Later, the Submarine breaks down, and Jeremy helps fix one of the propellers. This makes the Submarine almost too efficient, and it speeds off without them. Jeremy is later kidnapped by the Blue Meanies in the Sea of Holes, and is eventually found in Pepperland, hanging by the leg to the branch of a tree. When Ringo cuts him down, he then helps The Beatles to defeat the Meanies by covering the Chief Blue Meanie with flowers, thereby proving that a Nobody can in fact, be somebody.
Jeremy Hillary Boob also appears in the music video for "Glass Onion", released for the 50th anniversary of the album The Beatles (commonly known as "the White Album").
Creation
Jeremy Hillary Boob was originally named Jeremy Y. du Q. Adams, after Southern Methodist University professor Jeremy DuQuesnay Adams. The character of Jeremy was intended as a parody of public intellectuals and polymaths, most notably theatrical director and physician Jonathan Miller, with whom story writer Lee Minoff had previously worked. He is also alleged to have been inspired by Cambridge poet J.H. Prynne.
References
External links
Film characters introduced in 1968
Fictional poets
Fictional dentists
Fictional mammals
The Beatles' Yellow Submarine
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5376968
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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostislav%20V%C3%A1clav%C3%AD%C4%8Dek
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Rostislav Václavíček
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Rostislav Václavíček (born 7 December 1946 in Vrahovice, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech football player. He was a participant in the 1980 Olympic Games, where Czechoslovakia won the gold medal.
In his country he played for Zbrojovka Brno, scoring 13 league goals in 289 games. He still holds the Czechoslovak and Czech league record playing 280 league matches in row.
References
External links
1946 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Prostějov
Czech footballers
Czechoslovak footballers
Footballers at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic footballers of Czechoslovakia
Olympic gold medalists for Czechoslovakia
FC Zbrojovka Brno players
Olympic medalists in football
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Association football defenders
1. SK Prostějov players
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3986691
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2002%20Australian%20Open%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20singles
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2002 Australian Open – Women's singles
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Defending champion Jennifer Capriati successfully defended her title, defeating Martina Hingis in a rematch of the previous year's final, 4–6, 7–6(9–7), 6–2 to win the women's singles tennis title at the 2002 Australian Open. It was her second Australian Open title, and her third and last major singles title overall. Capriati saved four championship points en route to the title.
This tournament marked the major debuts of future world No. 2 and two-time major champion Svetlana Kuznetsova, who lost to Iroda Tulyaganova in the second round, and future world No. 4 and US Open champion Samantha Stosur, who lost in the first round to Gréta Arn.
The final
In a repeat of the previous year's final, three-time former champion Hingis won the first set 6–4 having led 5–1 at one stage. Hingis then took a 4–0 lead in the second set, and held three championship points, but Capriati fought back to take the set into a tiebreaker. There Hingis held another championship point at 7–6, but Capriati saved it and eventually won the tiebreaker and set 9–7. Hingis then broke Capriati's serve in the third set to lead 2–1, but defending champion Capriati won the next five games to complete a 4–6, 7-6(9-7), 6-2 victory. In doing so she gained the record for the most championship points saved in a major final.
Seeds
The seeded players are listed below. Jennifer Capriati is the champion; others show the round in which they were eliminated.
Qualifying
Draw
Finals
Top half
Section 1
Section 2
Section 3
Section 4
Bottom half
Section 5
Section 6
Section 7
Section 8
External links
2002 Australian Open – Women's draws and results at the International Tennis Federation
Women's singles
Australian Open (tennis) by year – Women's singles
2002 in Australian women's sport
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3986714
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pat%20Bowlen
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Pat Bowlen
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Patrick Dennis Bowlen (February 18, 1944 – June 13, 2019) was a Canadian–American lawyer, executive and the majority owner of the Denver Broncos of the National Football League (NFL) winning 3 Super Bowls. He was inducted in the Pro Football Hall of Fame for the class of 2019. Bowlen owned other professional sports franchises in the Denver Colorado Area. Bowlen served as the Broncos CEO from 1984 until July 2014, when he stepped down as Broncos' CEO due to the onset and progression of Alzheimer's disease.
Early life
Bowlen was born in Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin to American mother Arvella (née Woods) and Canadian father Paul Dennis Bowlen, who became a millionaire in the Canadian oil business, founding Regent Drilling as a wildcatter. The oil company is now owned by his brother John. Bowlen was Catholic and spent his childhood in Alberta. He then attended Campion High School, a Catholic Jesuit boarding school in his native Wisconsin. Bowlen later earned degrees in business (1965) and law (1968) from the University of Oklahoma. During his time at Oklahoma he played for the Oklahoma Sooners freshman football team as a wide receiver, as well as for the Edmonton Huskies junior football team, where he was part of three Canadian Junior Football League Championship teams from 1962 to 1964.
The younger Bowlen became wealthier by becoming a successful lawyer in Edmonton, Alberta. Bowlen also worked as an executive for his father's company and as a real estate developer and had major investments in the mining industry. During his business career in Edmonton his construction company, Batoni-Bowlen Enterprises, built the Northlands Coliseum, which would become home to the WHA/NHL's Edmonton Oilers for 42 years.
Bowlen was an initiated member of the Pi Kappa Alpha International Fraternity. Bowlen was initiated by the University of Oklahoma, Beta Omicron chapter in 1963. Bowlen received bar admission in 1969 and was a member of the Law Society of Alberta and the Canadian Bar Association.
Denver Broncos ownership
Bowlen bought a majority interest in the Denver Broncos of the National Football League in March of 1984 from Vancouver industrialist Edgar Kaiser Jr. The purchase price was said to be $70 million, making the Broncos the highest-priced franchise in the league at the time.
From 1999 to 2008, Bowlen and the Broncos were involved in several legal battles against former owner Edgar Kaiser Jr. In 1998, Bowlen agreed to sell retired football legend John Elway a share in the team. When Bowlen let the existence of the offer slip out to Kaiser while both were at the 1999 Bohemian Grove, Kaiser sued, claiming a breach of contract. Kaiser asserted that he had the right of first refusal if any deal was made involving franchise ownership. In 2004, a jury ruled in favor of Kaiser and a federal judge decreed that Kaiser was entitled to purchase back 10% of the Broncos using the identical purchase terms offered to Elway. Bowlen appealed the original verdict that ruled in favor of Kaiser and won in 2008, as the appellate court ruled that the structure of the Bowlen-Elway deal did not violate the original right of first refusal agreement.
On December 30, 2008, Broncos head coach and Vice President of Football Operations Mike Shanahan was fired by Bowlen after a 14-year tenure as the head coach. Bowlen stated he wanted his team to go in a different direction. Bowlen searched for a new head coach over a two-week period and eventually chose Josh McDaniels, who at the time was the offensive coordinator of the New England Patriots. Subsequently, after a losing streak in the 2010 season, McDaniels was fired as head coach of the Broncos. On February 12, 2009, Bowlen appointed Brian Xanders as the team's sole general manager and fired Jim and Jeff Goodman.
Within two weeks of the end of the 2010-11 regular season, Bowlen and the Broncos had hired former Carolina Panthers' coach John Fox to be their new head coach. Although Bowlen had discussions with Fox before the hiring, new front-office executive John Elway was mostly responsible for the hiring. By late 2009, rumors had begun to emerge that Bowlen had stepped out of the spotlight because of short-term memory loss. He told The Denver Post columnist Woody Paige that his memory wasn't what it used to be and that he couldn't recall details of the Broncos back-to-back Super Bowl titles in the late 1990s. Starting in 2010, Bowlen no longer played a major role in the Broncos' decision making, and Executive VP John Elway and President Joe Ellis assumed control. On July 23, 2014, due to complications with Alzheimer's disease, he officially relinquished control of the team to Joe Ellis.
On November 1, 2015, Bowlen was inducted into the Broncos' Ring of Fame, earning him a bronze plaque that stands on the south side of Empower Field at Mile High.
After Bowlen acquired the team in 1984, the Broncos briefly held the highest winning percentage of any franchise in the National Football League (334 wins, 212 losses, and 1 tie, for a .612 winning percentage), passing the San Francisco 49ers after the 2015 season. At the time of Bowlen's death, the New England Patriots had surpassed that figure.
Colorado Crush ownership
Besides being owner and CEO of the Broncos, Bowlen was also part-owner of the Arena Football League's Colorado Crush. He shared ownership with Denver-based sports mogul Stan Kroenke and legendary Broncos quarterback John Elway. The Crush entered the AFL as an expansion franchise in 2003. After going through a 2–14 season in 2003, the team became a perennial playoff contender and one of the league's top franchises. The Crush won the Arena Football League Championship in 2005.
Denver Outlaws ownership
In 2006, Major League Lacrosse decided to expand adding the Denver Outlaws to its league of teams. The Denver Outlaws have been the most winning franchise that Bowlen has ever owned, boasting a regular-season win percentage of 69.0% since their creation. The Outlaws have been to the playoffs every year of their existence except one (2015) and advanced to the championship game eight times (2006, 2008, 2009, 2012, 2014, 2016, 2017, and 2018), winning the championship in 2014, 2016, and 2018.
Philanthropy
Bowlen was a member of the University of Denver Board of Trustees and contributed to the funding of the Pat Bowlen Athletic Training Center located on the school's campus. He also contributed significantly to the local Denver Boys & Girls Club chapters.
Awards and honors
Inducted to the Pro Football Hall of Fame (class of 2019)
Three-time Super Bowl champion (as owner of the Denver Broncos)
ArenaBowl XIX champion (as part owner of the Colorado Crush)
Three-time Steinfeld Cup champion (as owner of the Denver Outlaws)
Broncos Ring of Fame (class of 2015)
Colorado Business Hall of Fame (class of 2015)
Death
On June 13, 2019, Bowlen died of a pulmonary embolism. Under terms set prior to Bowlen's death, Joe Ellis led a three-person trust representing his estate. Bowlen's intent was for his seven children to inherit the franchise, though he did not specify which of them would have first right.
References
External links
Denver Broncos bio
1944 births
2019 deaths
American football wide receivers
American people of Canadian descent
American philanthropists
Arena Football League executives
Burials in Colorado
Businesspeople from Denver
Businesspeople from Wisconsin
Catholics from Colorado
Catholics from Wisconsin
Deaths from pulmonary embolism
Denver Broncos executives
Denver Broncos owners
National Football League team presidents
Neurological disease deaths in Colorado
Oklahoma Sooners football players
People from Englewood, Colorado
People from Prairie du Chien, Wisconsin
People with Alzheimer's disease
Players of American football from Denver
Players of American football from Wisconsin
Pro Football Hall of Fame inductees
Sportspeople from Denver
Wildcatters
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3986716
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clarksville%20Independent%20School%20District
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Clarksville Independent School District
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Clarksville Independent School District is a rural public school district in Red River County, Texas (USA) and serves all students in the town of Clarksville and small portions of nearby communities. Approximately 690 students were enrolled for the Fall 2011 semester.
In 2009, the school district was rated "academically acceptable" by the Texas Education Agency.
In 2010, the high school as well as the District received a rating of ""recognized" by the Texas Education Agency.
Schools
Clarksville ISD operates four campuses, including Clarksville High School (grades 9-12), Cheatham Middle School (grades 6-8), Clarksville Elementary School (grades K-5), and the Vocational School/DAEP.
2012-13 Administration
Pam Bryant serves as Superintendent of Schools. After 33 years of service to Clarksville ISD in various capacities such as teacher, principal, special programs director, and assistant superintendent, Bryant was named CEO for the District in 2007.
References
External links
Clarksville Independent School District
School districts in Red River County, Texas
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3986721
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chu%C3%AD
|
Chuí
|
Chuí () is a municipality located in the state of Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. It's the southernmost municipality of Brazil, located in the coordinates 33°41′0″S . A border town, it shares its name with sister city Chuy, Uruguay. The two towns constitute one contiguous urban area, divided by a border street called Avenida Internacional, a situation also seen in a few other Brazilian border points, such as between Santana do Livramento (Brazil) and Rivera (Uruguay).
Formerly a village under the jurisdiction of the municipality of Santa Vitória do Palmar, Chuí became the southernmost municipality in Brazil in 1997, when it seceded. It is very close to Brazil's southernmost point, located on a bend of the homonymous river just before its mouth on the Atlantic Ocean, near the hamlet of Barra do Chuí. Both the hamlet and the extreme point itself remained in the territory of Santa Vitória do Palmar after Chuí seceded. Still, Chuí holds the title of the southernmost urban seat of a municipality in Brazil. Its counterparts in the North, West and East are respectively Uiramutã, state of Roraima; Mâncio Lima, Acre; and João Pessoa, Paraíba.
The name "Chuí" (derived from the Arroio Chuí, a small river that runs through the municipality) is mentioned in the widespread Brazilian Portuguese expression "do Oiapoque ao Chuí" ("from the Oiapoque to the Chuí [rivers]"), referring to the fact that the mouths of these rivers are commonly thought to be the country's two extreme points in the North and South. Actually, they are only the extremities of the Brazilian coast. The saying has approximately the same meaning as the American expression "from coast to coast" - i.e., it is used to refer to something that encompasses the whole country.
Chuí has a sizeable community of Palestinian Brazilians.
Geography
Chuí is located at a latitude 33º41'28 "south and a longitude 53º27'24" west, being at an altitude of 22 meters. It has an area of 200.74 km2.
Chuí is the Brazilian municipality most distant from the Equator Line, located at sea level, relatively sandy to semi-dark soil, with well-distributed rainfall throughout the year, and consequently frequent clouds throughout the year, with the lowest Brazilian Ultraviolet Index, both in winter and summer (despite the greater latitude that extends the day beyond 8 o'clock in the evening).
The average annual temperature is around 17 °C, the warmest month is February with an average of 23.15 °C and the coldest is July, with a mean of 12.2 °C. the month that least rains is November, with average of 68mm, already the rainiest one is August, with average of 124 mm.
During the winter the temperature ranges from 8 °C to 15 °C but sometimes it falls below 0 °C.
During the summer it's warm and pleasant and mean temperature range from 17 °C to 27 °C but it can exceed the 30 °C sometimes.
Spring is mild ranging from 12 °C to 22 °C
Autumn is also mild ranging from 10 °C to 20 °C
See also
Chui Mosque
Chuy
Extreme points of Brazil
References
External links
www.chuibrasil.com.br
Populated coastal places in Rio Grande do Sul
Populated places established in 1997
Brazil–Uruguay border crossings
Divided cities
Municipalities in Rio Grande do Sul
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