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SQuAD
The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister".
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73d16964089346dfb3b94ecaf6bb4956
Greece, Finland, Romania and Turkey use what kind of government?
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{ "text": [ "parliamentary republics" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 259 ], "end": [ 281 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "parliamentary republics" ]
SQuAD
The post of prime minister may be encountered both in constitutional monarchies (such as Belgium, Denmark, Japan, Luxembourg, the Netherlands, Norway, Malaysia, Morocco, Spain, Sweden, Thailand, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and the United Kingdom), and in parliamentary republics in which the head of state is an elected official (such as Finland ,the Czech Republic, France, Greece, Hungary, India, Indonesia, Ireland, Pakistan, Portugal, Montenegro, Croatia, Bulgaria, Romania, Serbia and Turkey). See also "First Minister", "Premier", "Chief Minister", "Chancellor", "Taoiseach", "Statsminister" and "Secretary of State": alternative titles usually equivalent in meaning to, or translated as, "prime minister".
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41abc78280974e9494efb06e8b3a4acc
In whic type of government is the leader elected?
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{ "text": [ "parliamentary republics" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 259 ], "end": [ 281 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "parliamentary republics" ]
SQuAD
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.
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372fc9787a154772b31759c1e9b19af7
Between which two lines of latitude is the Congo located?
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{ "text": [ "4°N and 5°S" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 111 ], "end": [ 121 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "4°N and 5°S" ]
SQuAD
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.
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f1b8c0107cc44adf827f10bd9b1a5cbc
What ocean connects to the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "Atlantic Ocean" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 382 ], "end": [ 395 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 88 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "Atlantic Ocean" ]
SQuAD
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.
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22b4319c933b4112b909291e8b84c9d3
Which country lies southwest of the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "Cabinda" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 319 ], "end": [ 325 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "Cabinda" ]
SQuAD
Congo is located in the central-western part of sub-Saharan Africa, along the Equator, lying between latitudes 4°N and 5°S, and longitudes 11° and 19°E. To the south and east of it is the Democratic Republic of Congo. It is also bounded by Gabon to the west, Cameroon and the Central African Republic to the north, and Cabinda (Angola) to the southwest. It has a short coast on the Atlantic Ocean.
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edd6ffb634a1419992d61708c6126d05
What is another name for Cabinda?
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{ "text": [ "Angola" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 328 ], "end": [ 333 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 75 ] } ] }
[ "Angola" ]
SQuAD
Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.
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07f3696e48b84acbaa0c97a7419fa155
What is the name of the prime ministerial position in Ireland?
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{ "text": [ "Taoiseach" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 135 ], "end": [ 143 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "Taoiseach" ]
SQuAD
Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.
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9c1982c62b2c44b2a32889609ee74618
From where is the Irish prime minister usually selected?
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{ "text": [ "the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 553 ], "end": [ 636 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ] }
[ "the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament" ]
SQuAD
Some states, however, do have a term of office of the prime minister linked to the period in office of the parliament. Hence the Irish Taoiseach is formally 'renominated' after every general election. (Some constitutional experts have questioned whether this process is actually in keeping with the provisions of the Irish constitution, which appear to suggest that a taoiseach should remain in office, without the requirement of a renomination, unless s/he has clearly lost the general election.) The position of prime minister is normally chosen from the political party that commands majority of seats in the lower house of parliament.
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f146275ae8414074959436daf9e1489e
When is the Irish Taoiseach renominated?
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{ "text": [ "after every general election" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 171 ], "end": [ 198 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "after every general election" ]
SQuAD
By the late 20th century, the majority of the world's countries had a prime minister or equivalent minister, holding office under either a constitutional monarchy or a ceremonial president. The main exceptions to this system have been the United States and the presidential republics in Latin America modelled on the U.S. system, in which the president directly exercises executive authority.
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f78bb25b53c84a13973898a5bf3b626e
In the U.S. and governments modeled on it, who holds executive power?
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{ "text": [ "president" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 179 ], "end": [ 187 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "president" ]
SQuAD
Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation.
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bcd8e28e871b41e08ac57f68d1bbe34a
What is the term for a situation in which the president and prime minister come from different political parties?
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[ "cohabitation" ]
SQuAD
Appointment of the prime minister of France requires no approval by the parliament either, but the parliament may force the resignation of the government. In these systems, it is possible for the president and the prime minister to be from different political parties if the legislature is controlled by a party different from that of the president. When it arises, such a state of affairs is usually referred to as (political) cohabitation.
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6732133affa840589c8fb391c2bacab3
What can the French parliament cause in order to oust the prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "resignation of the government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 124 ], "end": [ 152 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "resignation of the government" ]
SQuAD
Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.
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24059dd47db04c89a87f6f5dbb75ed4c
What is the Italian term for the prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "president of the council of ministers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "president of the council of ministers" ]
SQuAD
Other common forms include president of the council of ministers (for example in Italy, Presidente del Consiglio dei Ministri), President of the Executive Council, or Minister-President. In the Scandinavian countries the prime minister is called statsminister in the native languages (i.e. minister of state). In federations, the head of government of subnational entities such as provinces is most commonly known as the premier, chief minister, governor or minister-president.
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f588df551c45496fab4ff65f3f61d798
What is the native term for prime minister in Scandinavia?
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{ "text": [ "statsminister" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 246 ], "end": [ 258 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 43 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ] }
[ "statsminister" ]
SQuAD
Czech Republic's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister of the Czech Republic, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.
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67b3ee6614384c98a8d03e9b87fd4d69
What document details the role and abilities given to the prime minister of the Czech Republic?
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{ "text": [ "constitution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "constitution" ]
SQuAD
In Australia, the Prime Minister is expected to step down if s/he loses the majority support of his/her party under a spill motion as have many such as Tony Abbott, Julia Gillard and Kevin Rudd.
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b1825583b9d141298c9b2b33e9a16c73
What process signals the need for the prime minister to resign in Australia?
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{ "text": [ "spill motion" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 118 ], "end": [ 129 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "spill motion" ]
SQuAD
This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature.
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c483941499ba487a83cf9caa355f99ed
What is the term for the head of China's government?
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{ "text": [ "Premier of the State Council" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 528 ], "end": [ 555 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 97 ], "end": [ 101 ] } ] }
[ "Premier of the State Council" ]
SQuAD
This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature.
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ca4741b7a0424d0080da09d3bea920d5
What is another name for the Republic of China?
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{ "text": [ "Taiwan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 599 ], "end": [ 604 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 111 ], "end": [ 111 ] } ] }
[ "Taiwan" ]
SQuAD
This contrasts with the presidential system, in which the president (or equivalent) is both the head of state and the head of the government. In some presidential or semi-presidential systems, such as those of France, Russia or South Korea, the prime minister is an official generally appointed by the president but usually approved by the legislature and responsible for carrying out the directives of the president and managing the civil service. The head of government of the People's Republic of China is referred to as the Premier of the State Council and the premier of the Republic of China (Taiwan) is also appointed by the president, but requires no approval by the legislature.
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b7609d15aa52496eb95e389ef7417035
Whose consent is not required for the Taiwanese premier to take office?
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{ "text": [ "legislature" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 340 ], "end": [ 350 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 64 ] } ] }
[ "legislature" ]
SQuAD
Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.
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eb8a552ad2624344af7647e421d1fc40
Which law first referred to the prime minister in Canada?
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{ "text": [ "the Constitution Act" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 299 ], "end": [ 318 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 54 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "the Constitution Act" ]
SQuAD
Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.
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c53c37ca2e034e998179eb2f16aee229
When was the Constitution Act passed?
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{ "text": [ "1982" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 321 ], "end": [ 324 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "1982" ]
SQuAD
Canada's constitution, being a 'mixed' or hybrid constitution (a constitution that is partly formally codified and partly uncodified) originally did not make any reference whatsoever to a prime minister, with her or his specific duties and method of appointment instead dictated by "convention". In the Constitution Act, 1982, passing reference to a "Prime Minister of Canada" is added, though only regarding the composition of conferences of federal and provincial first ministers.
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24892f0b64ea4c1da7868a755ee6fd15
The Constitution Act mentions the prime minister in the context of which kinds of other ministers?
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{ "text": [ "federal and provincial first ministers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 443 ], "end": [ 480 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 85 ] } ] }
[ "federal and provincial first ministers" ]
SQuAD
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
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ba0dcb06406947ebafb8e4c9b0c5393e
For how long did Robert Walpole serve as prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "twenty-one years" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 75 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "twenty-one years" ]
SQuAD
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
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105451229900439bba8bced06a96865b
What party did Walpole belong to?
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{ "text": [ "Whig" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 26 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 5 ] } ] }
[ "Whig" ]
SQuAD
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
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f5ce26aecd8740ff8b4acd62cdd7cc5e
What concept took shape during Walpole's tenure as prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "doctrine of cabinet solidarity" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 264 ], "end": [ 293 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 51 ] } ] }
[ "doctrine of cabinet solidarity" ]
SQuAD
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
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1817459112d64f25bcb3003324fcddcd
What would a minister have to do if he did not publicly support a cabinet policy?
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{ "text": [ "resign" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 494 ], "end": [ 499 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ] }
[ "resign" ]
SQuAD
From 1721 this was the Whig politician Robert Walpole, who held office for twenty-one years. Walpole chaired cabinet meetings, appointed all the other ministers, dispensed the royal patronage and packed the House of Commons with his supporters. Under Walpole, the doctrine of cabinet solidarity developed. Walpole required that no minister other than himself have private dealings with the king, and also that when the cabinet had agreed on a policy, all ministers must defend it in public, or resign. As a later prime minister, Lord Melbourne, said, "It matters not what we say, gentlemen, so long as we all say the same thing."
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6bd173bc00bc457cb80447ceead6084f
Who is another prime minister who reiterated the principles of cabinet solidarity?
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{ "text": [ "Lord Melbourne" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 529 ], "end": [ 542 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 98 ], "end": [ 99 ] } ] }
[ "Lord Melbourne" ]
SQuAD
Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.
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063de30d34e741c1bdadbcb51fea5d48
How many languages are used in the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "62" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ] }
[ "62" ]
SQuAD
Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.
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What is the most populous ethnicity in the Congo?
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[ "Kongo" ]
SQuAD
Ethnically and linguistically the population of the Republic of the Congo is diverse—Ethnologue recognises 62 spoken languages in the country—but can be grouped into three categories. The Kongo are the largest ethnic group and form roughly half of the population. The most significant subgroups of the Kongo are Laari in Brazzaville and Pool regions and Vili around Pointe-Noire and along the Atlantic coast. The second largest group are the Teke who live to the north of Brazzaville with 17% of the population. Boulangui (M’Boshi) live in the northwest and in Brazzaville and form 12% of the population. Pygmies make up 2% of Congo's population.
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What percentage of the population of the Congo is Boulangui?
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[ "12%" ]
SQuAD
Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.
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Which prime minister was appointed only one time?
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SQuAD
Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.
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When was Thatcher appointed prime minister?
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[ "1979" ]
SQuAD
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38ee0e40660f464580c4934fcfaa58cd
When did Thatcher last hold power?
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[ "1990" ]
SQuAD
Most prime ministers in parliamentary systems are not appointed for a specific term in office and in effect may remain in power through a number of elections and parliaments. For example, Margaret Thatcher was only ever appointed prime minister on one occasion, in 1979. She remained continuously in power until 1990, though she used the assembly of each House of Commons after a general election to reshuffle her cabinet.
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6391a3cb02934e1f9be7b4f521667f77
What did Margaret Thatcher reconfigure following each general election?
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[ "cabinet" ]
SQuAD
While the terms "institute of technology" and "polytechnic" are synonymous, the preference concerning which one is the preferred term varies from country to country.[citation needed]
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a36a277356a64ffaadca152899dabbee
What word means the same thing as "institute of technology"?
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[ "polytechnic" ]
SQuAD
In Croatia there are many polytechnic institutes and colleges that offer a polytechnic education. The law about polytechnic education in Croatia was passed in 1997.
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6966ffadf91d48dea0faca9485340c1f
What year did Croatia pass a law regarding polytechnic education?
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[ "1997" ]
SQuAD
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.
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What is the most commonly practiced religion in the Congo?
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[ "Catholics" ]
SQuAD
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.
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What percentage of Congolese citizens identify as Awakening Lutherans?
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[ "22.3%" ]
SQuAD
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.
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What portion of the Congolese population is Protestant?
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[ "19.9%" ]
SQuAD
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.
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What is the percentage of Muslims living in the Congo?
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[ "1.6%" ]
SQuAD
According to CIA World Factbook, the people of Republic of the Congo are largely a mix of Catholics (33.1%), Awakening Lutherans (22.3%) and other Protestants (19.9%). Followers of Islam make up 1.6%, and this is primarily due to an influx of foreign workers into the urban centers.
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e1c6ee38d4794fd79a517f16e7935b38
Who form the majority of Islamic residents of the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "foreign workers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 243 ], "end": [ 257 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 55 ], "end": [ 56 ] } ] }
[ "foreign workers" ]
SQuAD
In several countries, like Germany, the Netherlands, Switzerland and Turkey, institutes of technology and polytechnics are institutions of higher education, and have been accredited to award academic degrees and doctorates. Famous examples are the Istanbul Technical University, ETH Zurich, İYTE, Delft University of Technology and RWTH Aachen, all considered universities.[citation needed]
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decd993b04bc4d2ab9e3018075c28c00
What kind of institutions do countries like Germany and Switzerland consider institutes of technology to be?
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{ "text": [ "institutions of higher education" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 123 ], "end": [ 154 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "institutions of higher education" ]
SQuAD
In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a vote of confidence, have a motion of no confidence passed against them, or where they lose supply, most constitutional systems require either:
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d36f993f773a4663ba14b1a442b97f2c
Most parliamentary governments need to have the support of what governmental body?
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{ "text": [ "lower house of parliament" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 115 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "lower house of parliament" ]
SQuAD
In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a vote of confidence, have a motion of no confidence passed against them, or where they lose supply, most constitutional systems require either:
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9650109a24c04ce793f6b37afade8e2c
Which political division does not often utilize its power, if it has any?
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{ "text": [ "upper houses" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 195 ], "end": [ 206 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 35 ] } ] }
[ "upper houses" ]
SQuAD
In parliamentary systems, governments are generally required to have the confidence of the lower house of parliament (though a small minority of parliaments, by giving a right to block supply to upper houses, in effect make the cabinet responsible to both houses, though in reality upper houses, even when they have the power, rarely exercise it). Where they lose a vote of confidence, have a motion of no confidence passed against them, or where they lose supply, most constitutional systems require either:
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5e26eb8aee39468d83544c5e28caf4af
What kind of referendum can the lower house of parliament take against the government?
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{ "text": [ "vote of confidence" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 366 ], "end": [ 383 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 69 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "vote of confidence" ]
SQuAD
The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution.
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9b1c2c5306a94ddf849e38b0d45f1335
Who can put a stop the parliamentary attempts at dissovling itself in some areas?
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{ "text": [ "head of state" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 134 ], "end": [ 146 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "head of state" ]
SQuAD
The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution.
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5d92eac91eec4068acf8047c2fc2423a
If the head of state prevents the dissolution of parliament, what needs to happen?
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{ "text": [ "resignation of the prime minister and his or her government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 202 ], "end": [ 260 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 43 ] } ] }
[ "resignation of the prime minister and his or her government" ]
SQuAD
The latter in effect allows the government to appeal the opposition of parliament to the electorate. However, in many jurisdictions a head of state may refuse a parliamentary dissolution, requiring the resignation of the prime minister and his or her government. In most modern parliamentary systems, the prime minister is the person who decides when to request a parliamentary dissolution.
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d8219d7e2d1f40d19a4d5196967cfcbc
In contemporary parliamentary governments, which official is usually in charge of asking parliament to dissolve?
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{ "text": [ "prime minister" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 221 ], "end": [ 234 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "prime minister" ]
SQuAD
Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
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9d1f65ba2379444aa3772321f1b892e3
What was the school enrollment rate in 2005?
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{ "text": [ "44%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 206 ], "end": [ 208 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "44%" ]
SQuAD
Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
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02be9da6d7d64cd3af6877c064a60ba4
What do students who finish 13 years of schooling receive?
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{ "text": [ "baccalaureate" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 428 ], "end": [ 440 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 81 ] } ] }
[ "baccalaureate" ]
SQuAD
Public expenditure of the GDP was less in 2002–05 than in 1991. Public education is theoretically free and mandatory for under-16-year-olds, but in practice, expenses exist. Net primary enrollment rate was 44% in 2005, much less than the 79% in 1991. The country has universities. Education between ages six and sixteen is compulsory. Pupils who complete six years of primary school and seven years of secondary school obtain a baccalaureate. At the university, students can obtain a bachelor's degree in three years and a master's after four. Marien Ngouabi University—which offers courses in medicine, law and several other fields—is the country's only public university. Instruction at all levels is in French, and the educational system as a whole models the French system. The educational infrastructure has been seriously degraded as a result of political and economic crises. There are no seats in most classrooms, forcing children to sit on the floor. Enterprising individuals have set up private schools, but they often lack the technical knowledge and familiarity with the national curriculum to teach effectively. Families frequently enroll their children in private schools only to find they cannot make the payments.
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7916af27eb044e468840123213ecf9b2
What language is used in Congolese schools?
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{ "text": [ "French" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 706 ], "end": [ 711 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 134 ], "end": [ 134 ] } ] }
[ "French" ]
SQuAD
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.
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5b51b4fa67684a32883ebe236de2003f
What branch of government does the prime minister lead?
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{ "text": [ "executive" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 63 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "executive" ]
SQuAD
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.
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c747c3a5be984c80a724f6cf80b9f964
What group is the prime minister usually in charge of?
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{ "text": [ "cabinet" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "cabinet" ]
SQuAD
A prime minister is the most senior minister of cabinet in the executive branch of government, often in a parliamentary or semi-presidential system. In many systems, the prime minister selects and may dismiss other members of the cabinet, and allocates posts to members within the government. In most systems, the prime minister is the presiding member and chairman of the cabinet. In a minority of systems, notably in semi-presidential systems of government, a prime minister is the official who is appointed to manage the civil service and execute the directives of the head of state.
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23483d8537dd468cab5ebbd23a83bf5c
In some political models like semi-presidential systems, what does the prime minister manage?
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{ "text": [ "civil service" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 524 ], "end": [ 536 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 97 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ] }
[ "civil service" ]
SQuAD
The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages.
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d8016f4facd3479eb5d50eab2d0c4f2e
What is a term that is used to mean prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "premier" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 153 ], "end": [ 159 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "premier" ]
SQuAD
The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages.
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7ad70233466540f2a862bde445389903
Which countries use the term chancellor to denote the head of government?
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{ "text": [ "Germany and Austria" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 301 ], "end": [ 319 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 56 ], "end": [ 58 ] } ] }
[ "Germany and Austria" ]
SQuAD
The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages.
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f00cbe0e5a5d42aaab577001030440c2
What is the head of Monaco's government called?
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{ "text": [ "Minister of State" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 454 ], "end": [ 470 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 83 ], "end": [ 85 ] } ] }
[ "Minister of State" ]
SQuAD
The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages.
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46931fef0df248c7957ffa1899cc6e1a
What is the term for the highest position in government in Vatican City?
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{ "text": [ "Secretary of State" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 538 ], "end": [ 555 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 102 ] } ] }
[ "Secretary of State" ]
SQuAD
The convention in the English language is to call nearly all national heads of government "prime minister" (sometimes modified to the equivalent term of premier), regardless of the correct title of the head of government as applied in his or her respective country. The few exceptions to the rule are Germany and Austria, whose heads of government titles are almost always translated as Chancellor; Monaco, whose head of government is referred to as the Minister of State; and Vatican City, for which the head of government is titled the Secretary of State. In the case of Ireland, the head of government is occasionally referred to as the Taoiseach by English speakers. A stand-out case is the President of Iran, who is not actually a head of state, but the head of the government of Iran. He is referred to as "president" in both the Persian and English languages.
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caf457c149064be8981f8113125e7dcc
What is the head of Iran's government called?
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{ "text": [ "President" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 695 ], "end": [ 703 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 132 ], "end": [ 132 ] } ] }
[ "President" ]
SQuAD
As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior
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8bc666d17e744af383bbb5d6562d3f4c
What are two other job titles of the Prime Minister of the UK?
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{ "text": [ "First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 148 ], "end": [ 208 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service" ]
SQuAD
As well as being head of government, a prime minister may have other roles or titles—the Prime Minister of the United Kingdom, for example, is also First Lord of the Treasury and Minister for the Civil Service. Prime ministers may take other ministerial posts—for example, during the Second World War, Winston Churchill was also Minister of Defence (although there was then no Ministry of Defence), and in the current cabinet of Israel, Benjamin Netanyahu also serves as Minister of Communications, Foreign Affairs, Regional Cooperation, Economy and Interior
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ddf6f02e1b3041088245fb67e9ffc626
In addition to being Prime Minister, what other role did Winston Churchill serve during World War II?
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{ "text": [ "Minister of Defence" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 329 ], "end": [ 347 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ] }
[ "Minister of Defence" ]
SQuAD
Hogeschool is used in Belgium and in the Netherlands. The hogeschool has many similarities to the Fachhochschule in the German language areas and to the ammattikorkeakoulu in Finland.
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62772baab3444f46bf388c0559849a0e
What term is used in Belgium and the Netherlands to refer to an institution like a German Fachhochschule?
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{ "text": [ "hogeschool" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 58 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 11 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "hogeschool" ]
SQuAD
Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.
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6e99a1545ed8456f948f4fffaf8e3981
Which non-elected official has held the longest term as prime minister?
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[ "Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah" ]
SQuAD
Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.
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6bc657fbf87943dc8f641f4ed0a5fdce
When did Khalifa first take the post of prime minister?
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[ "1970" ]
SQuAD
Bahrain's prime minister, Sheikh Khalifah bin Sulman Al Khalifah has been in the post since 1970, making him the longest serving non-elected prime minister.
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f853a73ffba44005b7514833fd4b028f
What country does Khalifah serve for as prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "Bahrain" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 0 ] } ] }
[ "Bahrain" ]
SQuAD
In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as "Wazir-e-Azam", meaning "Grand Vizier".
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82272060fa31461098a210f8e99b5bdc
What kind of government is in operation in the United Kingdom?
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[ "devolved" ]
SQuAD
In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as "Wazir-e-Azam", meaning "Grand Vizier".
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87dfb38dd6af441592f4e2487436b272
What are the heads of government in Wales, Scotland and Northern Ireland called?
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{ "text": [ "First Minister" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 127 ], "end": [ 140 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "First Minister" ]
SQuAD
In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as "Wazir-e-Azam", meaning "Grand Vizier".
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55ad028aa1614725b1af944fcdab2de1
What is the Indian term for Prime Minister?
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[ "Pradhan Mantri" ]
SQuAD
In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as "Wazir-e-Azam", meaning "Grand Vizier".
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4a23dc42306a409bba96598ab08b969d
What is the term for prime minister in Pakistan?
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{ "text": [ "Wazir-e-Azam" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 285 ], "end": [ 296 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "Wazir-e-Azam" ]
SQuAD
In the UK, where devolved government is in place, the leaders of the Scottish, Northern Irish and Welsh Governments are styled First Minister. In India, The Prime Minister is referred to as "Pradhan Mantri", meaning "prime minister". In Pakistan, the prime minister is referred to as "Wazir-e-Azam", meaning "Grand Vizier".
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2a202630ffdb47209ce335533a6a309f
What does Wazir-e-Azam mean in English?
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{ "text": [ "Grand Vizier" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 309 ], "end": [ 320 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 68 ], "end": [ 69 ] } ] }
[ "Grand Vizier" ]
SQuAD
Bangladesh's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.
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c3ceeb6e1e7a4c0f8bcb711e3bf26301
Which constitution details the role and abilities of the prime minister?
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[ "Bangladesh's" ]
SQuAD
Bangladesh's constitution clearly outlines the functions and powers of the Prime Minister, and also details the process of his/her appointment and dismissal.
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c9c7a3673c05442999a215faaf6d1591
What other considerations are included in the constitution of Bangladesh as regards the prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "the process of his/her appointment and dismissal" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 108 ], "end": [ 155 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "the process of his/her appointment and dismissal" ]
SQuAD
During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later.
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8d595d4ccb974fd9aea4bdd435202b90
What name did some universities switch to in the 1990s for marketing purposes?
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[ "University of Technology" ]
SQuAD
During the 1970s to early 1990s, the term was used to describe state owned and funded technical schools that offered both vocational and higher education. They were part of the College of Advanced Education system. In the 1990s most of these merged with existing universities, or formed new ones of their own. These new universities often took the title University of Technology, for marketing rather than legal purposes. AVCC report The most prominent such university in each state founded the Australian Technology Network a few years later.
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a3fa492014f74533b04c26bbcc063760
What system were institutes of technology a part of during the seventies, eighties, and early nineties?
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{ "text": [ "College of Advanced Education system" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 177 ], "end": [ 212 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "College of Advanced Education system" ]
SQuAD
Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905.
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a87019b1ef6c4bdc9754fae8bb37a59a
Aside from Walpole, who else denied that there was no such thing as the prime minister?
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[ "parliamentarians and legal scholars" ]
SQuAD
Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905.
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06725e6934a6464c879826cdb3259ef9
Which kings tried to get power back to the monarchy?
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{ "text": [ "George II and George III" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 192 ], "end": [ 215 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "George II and George III" ]
SQuAD
Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905.
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49aa5c6daae04a9fb00c6a1e0a173bae
During whose government did prime minister first see use on official state documents?
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{ "text": [ "Benjamin Disraeli" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 690 ], "end": [ 706 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 119 ], "end": [ 120 ] } ] }
[ "Benjamin Disraeli" ]
SQuAD
Walpole always denied that he was "prime minister", and throughout the 18th century parliamentarians and legal scholars continued to deny that any such position was known to the Constitution. George II and George III made strenuous efforts to reclaim the personal power of the monarch, but the increasing complexity and expense of government meant that a minister who could command the loyalty of the Commons was increasingly necessary. The long tenure of the wartime prime minister William Pitt the Younger (1783–1801), combined with the mental illness of George III, consolidated the power of the post. The title was first referred to on government documents during the administration of Benjamin Disraeli but did not appear in the formal British Order of precedence until 1905.
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a7151044706a4964ba6f339a2a3bb5f7
When was the position of prime minister finally formalized?
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[ "1905" ]
SQuAD
The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia.
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What is the head of government's office called in Canada?
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[ "Office of the Prime Minister" ]
SQuAD
The Prime Minister's executive office is usually called the Office of the Prime Minister in the case of the Canada and other Commonwealth countries, it is called Cabinet Office in United Kingdom. Some Prime Minister's office do include the role of Cabinet. In other countries, it is called the Prime Minister's Department or the Department of the Prime Minister and Cabinet as for Australia.
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5fa79d65e72f498c8fe15c0aa2793c9f
What is the head of government's office called in the UK?
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{ "text": [ "Cabinet Office" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 162 ], "end": [ 175 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "Cabinet Office" ]
SQuAD
Institute of technology (also: university of technology, polytechnic university, technikon, and technical college) is a designation employed for a wide range of learning institutions awarding different types of degrees and operating often at variable levels of the educational system. It may be an institution of higher education and advanced engineering and scientific research or professional vocational education, specializing in science, engineering, and technology or different sorts of technical subjects. It may also refer to a secondary education school focused in vocational training.[citation needed] The term institute of technology is often abbreviated IT and is not to be confused with information technology.
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What's a common abbreviation for the term institute of technology?
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{ "text": [ "IT" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 665 ], "end": [ 666 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 103 ], "end": [ 103 ] } ] }
[ "IT" ]
SQuAD
The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc) was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum"). Another exception is the École Polytechnique, which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges.
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673f0c992da94a089ab2812c50e1ba1d
What was the first institute of technology in the world?
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[ "the Berg-Schola" ]
SQuAD
The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc) was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum"). Another exception is the École Polytechnique, which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges.
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a2f62f6205f043d08b1dc3fa7c25dfd6
What war led to the increased popularity of institutes of technology and polytechnics?
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[ "World War II" ]
SQuAD
The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc) was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum"). Another exception is the École Polytechnique, which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges.
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e6224545f43c4675aee57eabb2dbf765
What was the founding name of the Braunschweig University of Technology?
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{ "text": [ "Collegium Carolinum" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 714 ], "end": [ 732 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 122 ], "end": [ 123 ] } ] }
[ "Collegium Carolinum" ]
SQuAD
The institutes of technology and polytechnics have been in existence since at least the 18th century, but became popular after World War II with the expansion of engineering and applied science education, associated with the new needs created by industrialization. The world's first institution of technology, the Berg-Schola (today its legal successor is the University of Miskolc) was founded by the Court Chamber of Vienna in Selmecbánya, Kingdom of Hungary in 1735 in order to train specialists of precious metal and copper mining according to the requirements of the industrial revolution in Hungary. The oldest German Institute of Technology is the Braunschweig University of Technology (founded in 1745 as "Collegium Carolinum"). Another exception is the École Polytechnique, which has educated French élites since its foundation in 1794. In some cases, polytechnics or institutes of technology are engineering schools or technical colleges.
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In what year was the École Polytechnique founded?
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[ "1794" ]
SQuAD
Hogeschool institutions in the Flemish Community of Belgium (such as the Erasmus Hogeschool Brussel) are currently undergoing a process of academization. They form associations with a university and integrate research into the curriculum, which will allow them to deliver academic master's degrees.
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8e3e69830f6540b6b09445cdc4ccdf1c
What term refers to the process that a hogeschool undergoes before it's able to award Master's degrees?
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[ "academization" ]
SQuAD
There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.
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c2205734e5704cb7a34087a8d63d1a56
How many private institutes of technology are there in India?
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[ "16" ]
SQuAD
There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.
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82cbac817e5d415c883fd21bb5d0dc5e
How many government-affiliated institutes of technology are there in India?
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[ "30" ]
SQuAD
There are 16 autonomous Indian Institutes of Technology in addition to 30 National Institutes of Technology which are Government Institutions. In addition to these there are many other Universities which offer higher technical courses. The Authority over technical education in India is the AICTE.
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322bc6047a33469fb848c9b08cd0a856
What organization oversees India's technical education institutions?
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[ "AICTE" ]
SQuAD
Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).
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When was the convention of prime ministers initiating the dissolution of parliament started?
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[ "1918" ]
SQuAD
Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).
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e77610bdc2b14d219dbf4e16f236a46b
In Ireland, when was the power to dissolve parliament assigned to the prime minister?
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[ "1937" ]
SQuAD
Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).
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5107a51dd36f4974bedf620a61e04c3c
The 1922 Irish Free State Constitution previously gave what body the power to dissolve parliament?
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{ "text": [ "the Executive Council" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 444 ], "end": [ 464 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 83 ] } ] }
[ "the Executive Council" ]
SQuAD
Older constitutions often vest this power in the cabinet. In the United Kingdom, for example, the tradition whereby it is the prime minister who requests a dissolution of parliament dates back to 1918. Prior to then, it was the entire government that made the request. Similarly, though the modern 1937 Irish constitution grants to the Taoiseach the right to make the request, the earlier 1922 Irish Free State Constitution vested the power in the Executive Council (the then name for the Irish cabinet).
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aebe2300bacb499a848bfb960a001fca
What was the Executive Council an alternate name for?
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[ "cabinet" ]
SQuAD
The Nuclear Science Department at EPN is the only one in Ecuador and has the large infrastructure, related to irrradiation factilities like cobalt-60 source and Electron beam processing.
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9ec61ee743844a0ba6c58be27cae0508
EPN's Nuclear Science Department is among how many of its kind in Ecuador?
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[ "one" ]
SQuAD
In the higher education sector, there are seven designated Universities of Technology in Australia (though, note, not all use the phrase "university of technology", such as the Universities of Canberra and South Australia, which used to be Colleges of Advanced Education before transitioning into fully-fledged universities with the ability - most important of all - to confer doctorates):
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In Australia, how many universities are recognized as Universities of Technology?
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[ "seven" ]
SQuAD
In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades. These are the current three Technical Universities (at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede), plus the former agricultural institute in Wageningen. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found here.
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bbf7fd62e33747ef9481b62bea590ea4
How many institutes of technology in the Netherlands have converted into full-fledged universities in the past few decades?
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[ "four" ]
SQuAD
In the Netherlands, four former institutes of technology have become universities over the past decades. These are the current three Technical Universities (at Delft, Eindhoven and Enschede), plus the former agricultural institute in Wageningen. A list of all hogescholen in the Netherlands, including some which might be called polytechnics, can be found here.
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How many Technical Universities are there in the Netherlands today?
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[ "three" ]
SQuAD
Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer vocational education, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor degress. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s–1990s period.
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What's the four-letter abbreviation for technically minded technical and further education institutes?
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{ "text": [ "TAFE" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 110 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "TAFE" ]
SQuAD
Since the mid-1990s, the term has been applied to some technically minded technical and further education (TAFE) institutes. A recent example is the Melbourne Polytechnic rebranding and repositioning in 2014 from Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE. These primarily offer vocational education, although some like Melbourne Polytechnic are expanding into higher education offering vocationally oriented applied bachelor degress. This usage of the term is most prevalent historically in NSW and the ACT. The new terminology is apt given that this category of institution are becoming very much like the institutes of the 1970s–1990s period.
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eb2dfd9e2be74cb4bb74665178c383d5
What is the new name of the Northern Melbourne Institute of TAFE?
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{ "text": [ "Melbourne Polytechnic" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 149 ], "end": [ 169 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "Melbourne Polytechnic" ]
SQuAD
In the French-speaking part of Switzerland exists also the term haute école specialisée for a type of institution called Fachhochschule in the German-speaking part of the country. (see below).
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2d60fdde6d6640449611a5d32c507881
What's the term in German for what those in French-speaking Switzerland call haute école specialisée?
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{ "text": [ "Fachhochschule" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 134 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "Fachhochschule" ]