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SQuAD
South Africa has completed a process of transforming its "higher education landscape". Historically a division has existed in South Africa between Universities and Technikons (polytechnics) as well between institutions servicing particular racial and language groupings. In 1993 Technikons were afforded the power to award certain technology degrees.
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What are polytechnics called in South Africa?
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[ "Technikons" ]
SQuAD
South Africa has completed a process of transforming its "higher education landscape". Historically a division has existed in South Africa between Universities and Technikons (polytechnics) as well between institutions servicing particular racial and language groupings. In 1993 Technikons were afforded the power to award certain technology degrees.
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ef9025ce70c64b2ba03b84292774ea09
What year did Technikons gain the ability to give out technology degrees?
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[ "1993" ]
SQuAD
In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north:
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What term in higher education refers to technical universities that award engineering degrees?
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[ "Politecnico" ]
SQuAD
In higher education, Politecnico refers to a technical university awarding degrees in engineering. Historically there were two Politecnici, one in each of the two largest industrial cities of the north:
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Traditionally, how many Politecnici were there?
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[ "two" ]
SQuAD
Schools called "technical institute" or "technical school" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and University or Polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university.
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If a technical institute is affiliated with a local university, what does its designation become?
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[ "university colleges" ]
SQuAD
Schools called "technical institute" or "technical school" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and University or Polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university.
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What century brought the advent of technical schools or technical institutes?
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[ "20th century" ]
SQuAD
Schools called "technical institute" or "technical school" that were formed in the early 20th century provided further education between high school and University or Polytechnic. Most technical institutes have been merged into regional colleges and some have been designated university colleges if they are associated with a local university.
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A student would attend a technical institute before a university or polytechnic but after what?
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[ "high school" ]
SQuAD
In 2011 a new, improved version of the Wayback Machine, with an updated interface and fresher index of archived content, was made available for public testing.
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When was an upgrade of the Wayback Machine released for testing?
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{ "text": [ "2011" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "2011" ]
SQuAD
The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet created by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index."
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Where does the information stored on the Wayback Machine come from?
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{ "text": [ "World Wide Web" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "World Wide Web" ]
SQuAD
The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet created by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index."
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Which company made the Wayback Machine?
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{ "text": [ "Internet Archive" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 116 ], "end": [ 131 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "Internet Archive" ]
SQuAD
The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet created by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index."
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Where is Internet Archive headquartered?
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[ "San Francisco" ]
SQuAD
The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet created by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index."
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What individuals founded Internet Archive?
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[ "Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat" ]
SQuAD
The Wayback Machine is a digital archive of the World Wide Web and other information on the Internet created by the Internet Archive, a nonprofit organization, based in San Francisco, California, United States. It was set up by Brewster Kahle and Bruce Gilliat, and is maintained with content from Alexa Internet. The service enables users to see archived versions of web pages across time, which the archive calls a "three dimensional index."
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What is the term used by Internet Archive to describe the Wayback Machine?
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[ "three dimensional index" ]
SQuAD
Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site and that they should have subpoenaed Internet Archive for the pages directly. An employee of Internet Archive filed a sworn statement supporting Chordiant's motion, however, stating that it could not produce the web pages by any other means "without considerable burden, expense and disruption to its operations."
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Who did Netbula believe was the entity that should be responsible for the availability of its snapshots?
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{ "text": [ "Internet Archive" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 138 ], "end": [ 153 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "Internet Archive" ]
SQuAD
Netbula objected to the motion on the ground that defendants were asking to alter Netbula's web site and that they should have subpoenaed Internet Archive for the pages directly. An employee of Internet Archive filed a sworn statement supporting Chordiant's motion, however, stating that it could not produce the web pages by any other means "without considerable burden, expense and disruption to its operations."
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03c9bc7306804a14a77ff69a037b2319
Which party did Internet Archive side with?
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{ "text": [ "Chordiant" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 246 ], "end": [ 254 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "Chordiant" ]
SQuAD
The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world.
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8db35f59e4c44967b1690e8de3273e11
What queen set up the Banská Akadémia?
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{ "text": [ "queen Maria Theresa" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 220 ], "end": [ 238 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "queen Maria Theresa" ]
SQuAD
The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world.
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baad2923124b439d8a9c93cf0b089003
What year was the Banská Akadémia founded?
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[ "1735" ]
SQuAD
The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world.
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06c8e65bedb046488a09b15e32dfcbad
The Banská Akadémia was originally intended for training workers in what two precious metals?
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[ "silver and gold" ]
SQuAD
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e8589ac0d9e3404e936d0595aea797d3
What year did teaching start at the Banská Akadémia?
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{ "text": [ "1764" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 349 ], "end": [ 352 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 57 ], "end": [ 57 ] } ] }
[ "1764" ]
SQuAD
The world's first institution of technology or technical university with tertiary technical education is the Banská Akadémia in Banská Štiavnica, Slovakia, founded in 1735, Academy since December 13, 1762 established by queen Maria Theresa in order to train specialists of silver and gold mining and metallurgy in neighbourhood. Teaching started in 1764. Later the department of Mathematics, Mechanics and Hydraulics and department of Forestry were settled. University buildings are still at their place today and are used for teaching. University has launched the first book of electrotechnics in the world.
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f150ca0baf7a4a90a48499cf31f373b3
What are the university buildings still standing at the Banská Akadémia used for now?
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{ "text": [ "teaching" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 527 ], "end": [ 534 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ] }
[ "teaching" ]
SQuAD
After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010, other sites were still being archived, but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing, an infrequent operation.
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37bdd37306fb4a2d98d3226e19f3e1c3
When did it become a requirement for websites to appear on Open Directory for inclusion in the Archive?
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{ "text": [ "After August 2008" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "After August 2008" ]
SQuAD
After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010, other sites were still being archived, but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing, an infrequent operation.
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ef7c1864e5b74c7394075d6775b7753c
Who stated that sites not on Open Directory were still being saved but would not be released until the Archive was reindexed?
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{ "text": [ "Jeff Kaplan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 101 ], "end": [ 111 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "Jeff Kaplan" ]
SQuAD
After August 2008 sites had to be listed on the Open Directory in order to be included. According to Jeff Kaplan of the Internet Archive in November 2010, other sites were still being archived, but more recent captures would become visible only after the next major indexing, an infrequent operation.
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488b5990cc03416bbb33b633392b6f98
When did Kaplan make comments about the status of non-Open Directory sites?
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[ "November 2010" ]
SQuAD
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
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1995835169dd409c9c6a3dfaa7939be1
The Dutch had one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world during what time?
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{ "text": [ "1590–1712" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 16 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "1590–1712" ]
SQuAD
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
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4ce92345cbc74a41b86f1700d48267fc
The Dutch operated a slave trade from which locations?
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[ "Africa and the Pacific" ]
SQuAD
Between 1590–1712 the Dutch also possessed one of the strongest and fastest navies in the world, allowing for their varied conquests including breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient, as well as a lucrative slave trade from Africa and the Pacific.
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5d5a8252f6f84aef9786fe0760bb28e6
What was one of the conquests of the Dutch Navy?
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[ "breaking the Portuguese sphere of influence on the Indian Ocean and in the Orient" ]
SQuAD
In Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, the oldest technical university is Istanbul Technical University. Its graduates contributed to a wide variety of activities in scientific research and development. In 1950s, 2 technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon. In recent years, Yildiz University is reorganized as Yildiz Technical University and 2 institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and Izmir. In 2010, another technical university named Bursa Technical University was founded in Bursa. Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University.
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What institute of technology opened in Bursa in 2010?
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[ "Bursa Technical University" ]
SQuAD
In Turkey and the Ottoman Empire, the oldest technical university is Istanbul Technical University. Its graduates contributed to a wide variety of activities in scientific research and development. In 1950s, 2 technical universities were opened in Ankara and Trabzon. In recent years, Yildiz University is reorganized as Yildiz Technical University and 2 institutes of technology were founded in Kocaeli and Izmir. In 2010, another technical university named Bursa Technical University was founded in Bursa. Moreover, a sixth technical university is about to be opened in Konya named Konya Technical University.
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What two cities in Turkey acquired institutes of technology in the 1950s?
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[ "Ankara and Trabzon" ]
SQuAD
Most of these institutes award diplomas after three or three and a half years of education. The Institute of technology implementation (IUT from Instituto universitario de tecnologia on Spanish) began with the creation of the first IUT at Caracas, capital city of Venezuela, called IUT. Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"s system, using French personnel and study system based on three-year periods, with research and engineering facilities at the same level as the main national universities to obtain French equivalent degrees. This IUT is the first and only one in Venezuela having French equivalent degrees accepted, implementing this system and observing the high-level degrees some other IUT's were created in Venezuela, regardless of this the term IUT was not used appropriately resulting in some institutions with mediocre quality and no equivalent degree in France. Later, some private institutions sprang up using IUT in their names, but they are not regulated by the original French system and award lower quality degrees.
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What city in Venezuela had the first IUT?
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[ "Caracas" ]
SQuAD
Most of these institutes award diplomas after three or three and a half years of education. The Institute of technology implementation (IUT from Instituto universitario de tecnologia on Spanish) began with the creation of the first IUT at Caracas, capital city of Venezuela, called IUT. Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio adopted the French "Institut Universitaire de Technologie"s system, using French personnel and study system based on three-year periods, with research and engineering facilities at the same level as the main national universities to obtain French equivalent degrees. This IUT is the first and only one in Venezuela having French equivalent degrees accepted, implementing this system and observing the high-level degrees some other IUT's were created in Venezuela, regardless of this the term IUT was not used appropriately resulting in some institutions with mediocre quality and no equivalent degree in France. Later, some private institutions sprang up using IUT in their names, but they are not regulated by the original French system and award lower quality degrees.
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Who pioneered using the French system of technological education?
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[ "Dr. Federico Rivero Palacio" ]
SQuAD
The name Wayback Machine was chosen as a droll reference to a plot device in an animated cartoon series, The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. In one of the animated cartoon's component segments, Peabody's Improbable History, lead characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman routinely used a time machine called the "WABAC machine" (pronounced way-back) to witness, participate in, and, more often than not, alter famous events in history.
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What TV show served as inspiration for the Wayback Machine's name?
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[ "The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show" ]
SQuAD
The name Wayback Machine was chosen as a droll reference to a plot device in an animated cartoon series, The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. In one of the animated cartoon's component segments, Peabody's Improbable History, lead characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman routinely used a time machine called the "WABAC machine" (pronounced way-back) to witness, participate in, and, more often than not, alter famous events in history.
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Which characters on The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show used a device that allowed them to travel through time?
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[ "Mr. Peabody and Sherman" ]
SQuAD
The name Wayback Machine was chosen as a droll reference to a plot device in an animated cartoon series, The Rocky and Bullwinkle Show. In one of the animated cartoon's component segments, Peabody's Improbable History, lead characters Mr. Peabody and Sherman routinely used a time machine called the "WABAC machine" (pronounced way-back) to witness, participate in, and, more often than not, alter famous events in history.
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What was the machine used by Mr. Peabody and Sherman named?
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[ "WABAC machine" ]
SQuAD
At present, Malaysia have developed 32 polytechnic at all over states in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses with 60,840 students in 2009 to 87,440 students in 2012.
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How many polytechnic institutes does Malaysia have now?
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[ "32" ]
SQuAD
At present, Malaysia have developed 32 polytechnic at all over states in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses with 60,840 students in 2009 to 87,440 students in 2012.
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How many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in Malaysia in 2009?
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SQuAD
At present, Malaysia have developed 32 polytechnic at all over states in engineering, agriculture, commerce, hospitality and design courses with 60,840 students in 2009 to 87,440 students in 2012.
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How many students were enrolled in polytechnic schools in Malaysia in 2012?
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[ "87,440" ]
SQuAD
In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, and hosts a new data center in a Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems' California campus.
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When did Internet Archive chance its platform for data storage?
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[ "2009" ]
SQuAD
In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, and hosts a new data center in a Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems' California campus.
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Which platform did Internet Archive adopt in 2009?
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[ "Sun Open Storage" ]
SQuAD
In 2009, the Internet Archive migrated its customized storage architecture to Sun Open Storage, and hosts a new data center in a Sun Modular Datacenter on Sun Microsystems' California campus.
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bbf4541a350c4c02b2091a020fb3b0d6
Where does Internet archive run a datacenter?
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[ "Sun Microsystems' California campus" ]
SQuAD
The Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan, offer a diploma spanning three years in different branches. Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the 10th grade standardized exams. The main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes is to train people in various trades.
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In Pakistan, a student's tests in what grade determine their admission to a diploma program?
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[ "10th" ]
SQuAD
The Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan, offer a diploma spanning three years in different branches. Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the 10th grade standardized exams. The main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes is to train people in various trades.
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What are people being trained for, mainly, in Pakistan's polytechnic institutes?
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[ "trades" ]
SQuAD
The Polytechnic institutes in Pakistan, offer a diploma spanning three years in different branches. Students are admitted to the diploma program based on their results in the 10th grade standardized exams. The main purpose of Polytechnic Institutes is to train people in various trades.
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How many years does it usually take to earn a diploma from polytechnic schools in Pakistan?
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[ "three" ]
SQuAD
The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as academic degrees. Like the United Kingdom, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994, and renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong respectively. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991.
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What was the very first polytechnic school in Hong Kong?
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[ "The Hong Kong Polytechnic" ]
SQuAD
The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as academic degrees. Like the United Kingdom, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994, and renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong respectively. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991.
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What was the original name of Hong Kong Polytechnic?
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[ "Hong Kong Technical College" ]
SQuAD
The first polytechnic in Hong Kong is The Hong Kong Polytechnic, established in 1972 through upgrading the Hong Kong Technical College (Government Trade School before 1947). The second polytechnic, the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong, was founded in 1984. These polytechnics awards diplomas, higher diplomas, as well as academic degrees. Like the United Kingdom, the two polytechnics were granted university status in 1994, and renamed The Hong Kong Polytechnic University and the City University of Hong Kong respectively. The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, a university with a focus in applied science, engineering and business, was founded in 1991.
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In what year was the City Polytechnic of Hong Kong founded?
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[ "1984" ]
SQuAD
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What Hong Kong university was created in 1991?
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SQuAD
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When did the two polytechnic schools in Hong Kong receive status as universities?
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SQuAD
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
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9ebb4c8db96a4713b14a23db464b3766
Several border territories were designated to the United Provinces after what?
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[ "the Peace of Westphalia" ]
SQuAD
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
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b8919b89a9b64082a5b1094ee3778fc3
The border territories assigned to the United Provinces were known as what?
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[ "federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden)" ]
SQuAD
After the Peace of Westphalia, several border territories were assigned to the United Provinces. They were federally-governed Generality Lands (Generaliteitslanden). They were Staats-Brabant (present North Brabant), Staats-Vlaanderen (present Zeeuws-Vlaanderen), Staats-Limburg (around Maastricht) and Staats-Oppergelre (around Venlo, after 1715).
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3c1e8d023fc440b3bfe1f7d620cbbeff
What were the names of the border territories assigned to the United Provinces?
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SQuAD
In March 2011, it was said on the Wayback Machine forum that "The Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials into 2010, and will continue to be updated regularly. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a little bit of material past 2008, and no further index updates are planned, as it will be phased out this year".
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109f03e3caf7444db8b4c59c8a401760
When were details of the test version of the updated Wayback Machine released?
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{ "text": [ "March 2011" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "March 2011" ]
SQuAD
In March 2011, it was said on the Wayback Machine forum that "The Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials into 2010, and will continue to be updated regularly. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a little bit of material past 2008, and no further index updates are planned, as it will be phased out this year".
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0f17696e896e4043aec078802c2fe7e5
The older version of Wayback Machine did not have much new data past what year?
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[ "2008" ]
SQuAD
In March 2011, it was said on the Wayback Machine forum that "The Beta of the new Wayback Machine has a more complete and up-to-date index of all crawled materials into 2010, and will continue to be updated regularly. The index driving the classic Wayback Machine only has a little bit of material past 2008, and no further index updates are planned, as it will be phased out this year".
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9f3854d12fb3428b9bf978a571ef4cb8
The newer version of the Wayback Machine included date up to and including what year?
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[ "2010" ]
SQuAD
Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley.
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b229a348a1074af79682f1ae584b6921
What medium was originally used to keep Internet Archive's data?
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[ "digital tape" ]
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Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley.
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a143e3f2526b48888092e97b9f1a255f
Who were sometimes permitted to use the Archive's database?
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Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley.
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At what milestone was the archive made public?
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[ "fifth anniversary" ]
SQuAD
Information had been kept on digital tape for five years, with Kahle occasionally allowing researchers and scientists to tap into the clunky database. When the archive reached its fifth anniversary, it was unveiled and opened to the public in a ceremony at the University of California, Berkeley.
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3ef2de2dcb504a8fb2da38704d2d1b37
Where was the event launching the publicly-available archive held?
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Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring.
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What is the name of Thammasat University's engineering school?
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SQuAD
Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring.
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104e2d6581ff4125b854a9993daf5c7b
What is Thailand's only government-established and owned institute of technology?
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{ "text": [ "Suranaree University of Technology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 243 ], "end": [ 276 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 35 ], "end": [ 38 ] } ] }
[ "Suranaree University of Technology" ]
SQuAD
Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring.
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161cf9aeb45a450a9f16e8b594360bf7
What year was Suranaree University of Technology founded?
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{ "text": [ "1989" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 366 ], "end": [ 369 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 53 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "1989" ]
SQuAD
Institutes of technology with different origins are Asian Institute of Technology, which developed from SEATO Graduate School of Engineering, and Sirindhorn International Institute of Technology, an engineering school of Thammasat University. Suranaree University of Technology is the only government-owned technological university in Thailand that was established (1989) as such; while Mahanakorn University of Technology is the most well known private technological institute. Technology/Technical colleges in Thailand is associated with bitter rivalries which erupts into frequent off-campus brawls and assassinations of students in public locations that has been going on for nearly a decade, with innocent bystanders also commonly among the injured and the military under martial law still unable to stop them from occurring.
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b4213d48c3d540fcabd1b5b99cd70279
What is the name of the best-known private institute of technology in Thailand?
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{ "text": [ "Mahanakorn University of Technology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 387 ], "end": [ 421 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "Mahanakorn University of Technology" ]
SQuAD
Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education.
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17a05da6eda345e7925316fb83268159
What year did UK polytechnics start functioning in a binary education system?
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{ "text": [ "1970" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 105 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 15 ] } ] }
[ "1970" ]
SQuAD
Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education.
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e5990fc403c84f98bc443bf74067a0ea
What organization validates degrees received from polytechnic schools?
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{ "text": [ "the UK Council for National Academic Awards" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 302 ], "end": [ 344 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "the UK Council for National Academic Awards" ]
SQuAD
Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education.
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fd62c6802cc44eb7ad12f134e8a3b142
What two-word term does Scotland use to describe their technological universities?
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{ "text": [ "Central Institutions" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 575 ], "end": [ 594 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 89 ], "end": [ 90 ] } ] }
[ "Central Institutions" ]
SQuAD
Polytechnics were tertiary education teaching institutions in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. Since 1970 UK Polytechnics operated under the binary system of education along with universities. Polytechnics offered diplomas and degrees (bachelor's, master's, PhD) validated at the national level by the UK Council for National Academic Awards CNAA. They particularly excelled in engineering and applied science degree courses similar to technological universities in the USA and continental Europe. The comparable institutions in Scotland were collectively referred to as Central Institutions. Britain's first Polytechnic, the Royal Polytechnic Institution later known as the Polytechnic of Central London (now the University of Westminster) was established in 1838 at Regent Street in London and its goal was to educate and popularize engineering and scientific knowledge and inventions in Victorian Britain "at little expense." The London Polytechnic led a mass movement to create numerous Polytechnic institutes across the UK in the late 19th Century. Most Polytechnic institutes were established at the centre of major metropolitan cities and their focus was on engineering, applied science and technology education.
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97bd208940fc40d0ab3d68723bf4511b
What was the first polytechnic in Britain originally named?
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{ "text": [ "Royal Polytechnic Institution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 630 ], "end": [ 658 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 98 ], "end": [ 100 ] } ] }
[ "Royal Polytechnic Institution" ]
SQuAD
In a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc., defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site that was causing the Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Nebula's site, pages that Chordiant believed would support its case.
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3338b26596b54c4392ac34a09f895f49
What 2009 court battle involved the Wayback Machine?
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{ "text": [ "Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 16 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc." ]
SQuAD
In a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc., defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site that was causing the Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Nebula's site, pages that Chordiant believed would support its case.
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5a96caea9ac146fbad5ee33180f878ca
Which company thought that Wayback Machine data was important for its argument?
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{ "text": [ "Chordiant" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 9 ] } ] }
[ "Chordiant" ]
SQuAD
In a 2009 case, Netbula, LLC v. Chordiant Software Inc., defendant Chordiant filed a motion to compel Netbula to disable the robots.txt file on its web site that was causing the Wayback Machine to retroactively remove access to previous versions of pages it had archived from Nebula's site, pages that Chordiant believed would support its case.
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d70916b42b7e4861abbbd4cbe3fc2b24
What did Chordiant request that the court deactivate on Netbula's website?
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{ "text": [ "the robots.txt file" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 121 ], "end": [ 139 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 25 ] } ] }
[ "the robots.txt file" ]
SQuAD
Snapshots usually become available more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later; it can take twenty-four months or longer. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked web site updates are recorded. Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots.
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2902b0414a61410ca392c33cbfb980c8
What are the saved versions of a site called?
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{ "text": [ "Snapshots" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0, 308, 171 ], "end": [ 8, 316, 179 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0, 58, 34 ], "end": [ 0, 58, 34 ] } ] }
[ "Snapshots" ]
SQuAD
Snapshots usually become available more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later; it can take twenty-four months or longer. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked web site updates are recorded. Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots.
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8ee1545f8ea74a4aa1c234147737914c
What is the minimum amount of time that elapses before most snapshots are released for viewing?
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{ "text": [ "six months" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 45 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "six months" ]
SQuAD
Snapshots usually become available more than six months after they are archived or, in some cases, even later; it can take twenty-four months or longer. The frequency of snapshots is variable, so not all tracked web site updates are recorded. Sometimes there are intervals of several weeks or years between snapshots.
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70898ecefb294be2bd0fc3cee17d7898
What term characterizes the rate at which snapshots are made of websites?
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{ "text": [ "variable" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 184 ], "end": [ 191 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "variable" ]
SQuAD
Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought.
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21764bcff1014be18c259d0978f288ad
Which judge presided over the Netbula v. Chordiant case?
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{ "text": [ "Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd" ]
SQuAD
Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought.
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bc6fe629e5ca4126a3a80dd91b09bbd3
In what jurisdiction was the Netbula v. Chordiant case tried?
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{ "text": [ "Northern District of California, San Jose Division" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 6 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "Northern District of California, San Jose Division" ]
SQuAD
Magistrate Judge Howard Lloyd in the Northern District of California, San Jose Division, rejected Netbula's arguments and ordered them to disable the robots.txt blockage temporarily in order to allow Chordiant to retrieve the archived pages that they sought.
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76ded8f5ed014bf69771014458a05b71
Which party won its argument regarding Netbula's robots.txt file?
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{ "text": [ "Chordiant" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 200 ], "end": [ 208 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "Chordiant" ]
SQuAD
Provided some additional requirements are met (e.g. providing an authoritative statement of the archivist), the United States patent office and the European Patent Office will accept date stamps from the Internet Archive as evidence of when a given Web page was accessible to the public. These dates are used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art for instance in examining a patent application.
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0b1be9a7f99441bb98c8dcd701600202
When are Internet Archive timestamps useful for patent offices?
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{ "text": [ "in examining a patent application" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 375 ], "end": [ 407 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ] }
[ "in examining a patent application" ]
SQuAD
Provided some additional requirements are met (e.g. providing an authoritative statement of the archivist), the United States patent office and the European Patent Office will accept date stamps from the Internet Archive as evidence of when a given Web page was accessible to the public. These dates are used to determine if a Web page is available as prior art for instance in examining a patent application.
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76f68e2dba3a44f19a4421ba92450a90
What is an example of a condition that must be met for the Internet Archive data to be considered acceptable for submission to patent offices in the US and Europe?
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{ "text": [ "authoritative statement of the archivist" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 104 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "authoritative statement of the archivist" ]
SQuAD
In 2013–14 a pornographic actor was trying to remove archived images of himself, first by sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada.
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33720cb5d5c54f799243f0db56f18a99
What was the first method used by the actor in trying to get his images taken down?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "was", "the", "first", "method", "used", "by", "the", "actor", "in", "trying", "to", "get", "his", "images", "taken", "down", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 19, 26, 31, 34, 38, 44, 47, 54, 57, 61, 65, 72, 78, 82 ] }
{ "text": [ "DMCA requests" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 119 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "DMCA requests" ]
SQuAD
In 2013–14 a pornographic actor was trying to remove archived images of himself, first by sending multiple DMCA requests to the Archive and then in the Federal Court of Canada.
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7337419d14f047b79f493354b92a7bdf
What legal system did the actor use after filing DMCA petitions?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "legal", "system", "did", "the", "actor", "use", "after", "filing", "DMCA", "petitions", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 11, 18, 22, 26, 32, 36, 42, 49, 54, 63 ] }
{ "text": [ "Federal Court of Canada" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 152 ], "end": [ 174 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "Federal Court of Canada" ]
SQuAD
In 1996 Brewster Kahle, with Bruce Gilliat, developed software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages, the Gopher hierarchy, the Netnews (Usenet) bulletin board system, and downloadable software. The information collected by these "crawlers" does not include all the information available on the Internet, since much of the data is restricted by the publisher or stored in databases that are not accessible. These "crawlers" also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached. To overcome inconsistencies in partially cached web sites, Archive-It.org was developed in 2005 by the Internet Archive as a means of allowing institutions and content creators to voluntarily harvest and preserve collections of digital content, and create digital archives.
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3fd1f848c55d4ab39178ed01fddc1604
When was the program necessary to crawl and archive the web created?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "the", "program", "necessary", "to", "crawl", "and", "archive", "the", "web", "created", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 13, 21, 31, 34, 40, 44, 52, 56, 60, 67 ] }
{ "text": [ "1996" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "1996" ]
SQuAD
In 1996 Brewster Kahle, with Bruce Gilliat, developed software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages, the Gopher hierarchy, the Netnews (Usenet) bulletin board system, and downloadable software. The information collected by these "crawlers" does not include all the information available on the Internet, since much of the data is restricted by the publisher or stored in databases that are not accessible. These "crawlers" also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached. To overcome inconsistencies in partially cached web sites, Archive-It.org was developed in 2005 by the Internet Archive as a means of allowing institutions and content creators to voluntarily harvest and preserve collections of digital content, and create digital archives.
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a0d42795709e4304a60f2c062f697d9c
What is a term used for programs that automatically visit websites and record the data they find?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "is", "a", "term", "used", "for", "programs", "that", "automatically", "visit", "websites", "and", "record", "the", "data", "they", "find", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 8, 10, 15, 20, 24, 33, 38, 52, 58, 67, 71, 78, 82, 87, 92, 96 ] }
{ "text": [ "crawlers" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 260 ], "end": [ 267 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "crawlers" ]
SQuAD
In 1996 Brewster Kahle, with Bruce Gilliat, developed software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages, the Gopher hierarchy, the Netnews (Usenet) bulletin board system, and downloadable software. The information collected by these "crawlers" does not include all the information available on the Internet, since much of the data is restricted by the publisher or stored in databases that are not accessible. These "crawlers" also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached. To overcome inconsistencies in partially cached web sites, Archive-It.org was developed in 2005 by the Internet Archive as a means of allowing institutions and content creators to voluntarily harvest and preserve collections of digital content, and create digital archives.
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1a8608ff1461486fbefa02fb6a12a728
What rule do crawlers abide by when determining which sites to record?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "rule", "do", "crawlers", "abide", "by", "when", "determining", "which", "sites", "to", "record", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 13, 22, 28, 31, 36, 48, 54, 60, 63, 69 ] }
{ "text": [ "robots exclusion standard" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 470 ], "end": [ 494 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 85 ], "end": [ 87 ] } ] }
[ "robots exclusion standard" ]
SQuAD
In 1996 Brewster Kahle, with Bruce Gilliat, developed software to crawl and download all publicly accessible World Wide Web pages, the Gopher hierarchy, the Netnews (Usenet) bulletin board system, and downloadable software. The information collected by these "crawlers" does not include all the information available on the Internet, since much of the data is restricted by the publisher or stored in databases that are not accessible. These "crawlers" also respect the robots exclusion standard for websites whose owners opt for them not to appear in search results or be cached. To overcome inconsistencies in partially cached web sites, Archive-It.org was developed in 2005 by the Internet Archive as a means of allowing institutions and content creators to voluntarily harvest and preserve collections of digital content, and create digital archives.
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4997582325614d2a9406ce36aa065d98
What site was created to mitigate issues with incomplete copies of websites?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "site", "was", "created", "to", "mitigate", "issues", "with", "incomplete", "copies", "of", "websites", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 14, 22, 25, 34, 41, 46, 57, 64, 67, 75 ] }
{ "text": [ "Archive-It.org" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 640 ], "end": [ 653 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 114 ], "end": [ 116 ] } ] }
[ "Archive-It.org" ]
SQuAD
In October 2013, the company announced the "Save a Page" feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries.
{ "tokens": [ "In", "October", "2013", ",", "the", "company", "announced", "the", "\"", "Save", "a", "Page", "\"", "feature", "which", "allows", "any", "Internet", "user", "to", "archive", "the", "contents", "of", "a", "URL", ".", "This", "became", "a", "threat", "of", "abuse", "by", "the", "service", "for", "hosting", "malicious", "binaries", "." ], "offsets": [ 0, 3, 11, 15, 17, 21, 29, 39, 43, 44, 49, 51, 55, 57, 65, 71, 78, 82, 91, 96, 99, 107, 111, 120, 123, 125, 128, 130, 135, 142, 144, 151, 154, 160, 163, 167, 175, 179, 187, 197, 205 ] }
335c9eddc146484a9378ccc76e74f9c8
What was the functionality called that gave users the ability to save a snapshot of a site?
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{ "text": [ "Save a Page" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 9 ], "end": [ 11 ] } ] }
[ "Save a Page" ]
SQuAD
In October 2013, the company announced the "Save a Page" feature which allows any Internet user to archive the contents of a URL. This became a threat of abuse by the service for hosting malicious binaries.
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c64c4c86d41b4adb86423480847ab646
When was Save a Page made available?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "was", "Save", "a", "Page", "made", "available", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 9, 14, 16, 21, 26, 35 ] }
{ "text": [ "October 2013" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 2 ] } ] }
[ "October 2013" ]
SQuAD
Since 1996, they have been archiving cached pages of web sites onto their large cluster of Linux nodes. They revisit sites every few weeks or months and archive a new version if the content has changed. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who are offered a link to do so. The intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. Their grand vision is to archive the entire Internet.
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f210262b53ad4616b416c69f35add114
What operating system is used on Wayback Machine's servers?
{ "tokens": [ "What", "operating", "system", "is", "used", "on", "Wayback", "Machine", "'s", "servers", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 15, 22, 25, 30, 33, 41, 48, 51, 58 ] }
{ "text": [ "Linux" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "Linux" ]
SQuAD
Since 1996, they have been archiving cached pages of web sites onto their large cluster of Linux nodes. They revisit sites every few weeks or months and archive a new version if the content has changed. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who are offered a link to do so. The intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. Their grand vision is to archive the entire Internet.
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1773bd9ce0394c0482cf11ee912da976
When does Wayback Machine save a copy of a website?
{ "tokens": [ "When", "does", "Wayback", "Machine", "save", "a", "copy", "of", "a", "website", "?" ], "offsets": [ 0, 5, 10, 18, 26, 31, 33, 38, 41, 43, 50 ] }
{ "text": [ "if the content has changed" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 175 ], "end": [ 200 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "if the content has changed" ]
SQuAD
Since 1996, they have been archiving cached pages of web sites onto their large cluster of Linux nodes. They revisit sites every few weeks or months and archive a new version if the content has changed. Sites can also be captured on the fly by visitors who are offered a link to do so. The intent is to capture and archive content that otherwise would be lost whenever a site is changed or closed down. Their grand vision is to archive the entire Internet.
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ae4b184d370f4ad8867720a47b5ecc4a
What is the ultimate aim of the Wayback Machine?
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[ "to archive the entire Internet" ]
SQuAD
In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots.txt files, i.e., pages that currently are blocked to robots on the live web temporarily will be made unavailable from the archives as well.
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b6d9968f58e640499d3df8c998be01ae
What kinds of laws could the Wayback Machine be viewed as breaking in Europe?
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[ "copyright laws" ]
SQuAD
In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots.txt files, i.e., pages that currently are blocked to robots on the live web temporarily will be made unavailable from the archives as well.
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c17433c5d777430ba6de642bcabe2490
What would the Internet Archive have to do if requested by someone whose content is available on Wayback Machine?
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{ "text": [ "delete pages from its system" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 193 ], "end": [ 220 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "delete pages from its system" ]
SQuAD
In Europe the Wayback Machine could be interpreted as violating copyright laws. Only the content creator can decide where their content is published or duplicated, so the Archive would have to delete pages from its system upon request of the creator. The exclusion policies for the Wayback Machine may be found in the FAQ section of the site. The Wayback Machine also retroactively respects robots.txt files, i.e., pages that currently are blocked to robots on the live web temporarily will be made unavailable from the archives as well.
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a81d864e5df2410f9faadcebb09b6874
In what part of the website are Wayback Machine's rules regarding removing content?
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[ "FAQ" ]
SQuAD
The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795. It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names include the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata).
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87b695f0a1d84428b8b0e226f800c7e7
What are some other names the Dutch Republic is known by?
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{ "text": [ "the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata)" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 538 ], "end": [ 680 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 94 ], "end": [ 117 ] } ] }
[ "the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata)" ]
SQuAD
The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795. It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names include the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata).
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a125fd6cd2104e68addf288e7a445142
The Dutch Republic was a republic of Europe during what time?
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[ "from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795" ]
SQuAD
The Dutch Republic, also known as the Republic of the Seven United Netherlands (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Nederlanden), Republic of the United Netherlands or Republic of the Seven United Provinces (Republiek der Zeven Verenigde Provinciën), was a republic in Europe existing from 1581, when part of the Netherlands separated from Spanish rule, until 1795. It preceded the Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands. Alternative names include the United Provinces (Verenigde Provinciën), Federated Dutch Provinces (Foederatae Belgii Provinciae), and Dutch Federation (Belgica Foederata).
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0d0517e587974242a2ae1920f1631f6f
What republics did the Dutch Republic come before?
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[ "Batavian Republic, the Kingdom of Holland, the United Kingdom of the Netherlands, and ultimately the modern Kingdom of the Netherlands" ]
SQuAD
Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism.
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3cd1d7ce33b34b0ab8cd0e80020bfd24
What is the type of symbiotic relationship where two organisms can't survive without each other?
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{ "text": [ "obligate" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 4 ], "end": [ 4 ] } ] }
[ "obligate" ]
SQuAD
Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism.
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27394566f29141ceabf8fecca4973143
What is the type of symbiotic relationship where the symbionts can live together but can also survive alone?
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[ "facultative" ]
SQuAD
Some symbiotic relationships are obligate, meaning that both symbionts entirely depend on each other for survival. For example, many lichens consist of fungal and photosynthetic symbionts that cannot live on their own. Others are facultative (optional): they can, but do not have to live with the other organism.
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c53f1ba4d3b64272859bd0c15a2249c1
What is an example of an obligate relationship?
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[ "lichens" ]
SQuAD
In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. An error message stated that this was in response to a "request by the site owner." Later, it was clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the site owners did not want their material removed.
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Web pages that contained content critical of what religous movement were taken off of the Internet Archive in 2002?
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{ "text": [ "Scientology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ] }
[ "Scientology" ]
SQuAD
In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. An error message stated that this was in response to a "request by the site owner." Later, it was clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the site owners did not want their material removed.
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9bdfaefda07e46acb90443c93f8f374f
Who was mistakenly credited for having the sites with criticism of Scientology removed from the Internet Archive?
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{ "text": [ "the site owner" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 184 ], "end": [ 197 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "the site owner" ]
SQuAD
In late 2002, the Internet Archive removed various sites that were critical of Scientology from the Wayback Machine. An error message stated that this was in response to a "request by the site owner." Later, it was clarified that lawyers from the Church of Scientology had demanded the removal and that the site owners did not want their material removed.
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841742088b764f7e80bb6e01334ae01b
Who was the actual party that requested the critical sites be taken down?
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{ "text": [ "Church of Scientology" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 247 ], "end": [ 267 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "Church of Scientology" ]
SQuAD
In 1579 a number of the northern provinces of the Low Countries signed the Union of Utrecht, in which they promised to support each other in their defence against the Spanish army. This was followed in 1581 by the Act of Abjuration, the declaration of independence of the provinces from Philip II.
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eab0d0cfad074db99489acfe1dbb8c2d
In what year was the Union of Utrecht signed?
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{ "text": [ "1579" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 1 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "1579" ]