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SQuAD
Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.
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b2bd43ec4eb64b2cb03176fa07dac1ed
What did the National Revolutionary Movement's name become?
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{ "text": [ "Congolese Labour Party" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 310 ], "end": [ 331 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 59 ], "end": [ 61 ] } ] }
[ "Congolese Labour Party" ]
SQuAD
Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.
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4d774deeb4e04f6b9f15e6ce56895095
In what year was a coup attempted against Ngouabi?
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{ "text": [ "1972" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 378 ], "end": [ 381 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 72 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ] }
[ "1972" ]
SQuAD
Marien Ngouabi, who had participated in the coup, assumed the presidency on December 31, 1968. One year later, President Ngouabi proclaimed Congo Africa's first "people's republic", the People's Republic of the Congo, and announced the decision of the National Revolutionary Movement to change its name to the Congolese Labour Party (PCT). Ngouabi survived an attempted coup in 1972 but was assassinated on March 16, 1977. An 11-member Military Committee of the Party (CMP) was then named to head an interim government with Joachim Yhombi-Opango to serve as President of the Republic. Two years later, Yhombi-Opango was forced from power and Denis Sassou Nguesso become the new president.
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4e3843b1434a4da1999f2764b88f90b0
On what date was Ngouabi assassinated?
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{ "text": [ "March 16, 1977" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 407 ], "end": [ 420 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 80 ] } ] }
[ "March 16, 1977" ]
SQuAD
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.
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3430898ef8f446e9b00ca8adee386e6a
On what major line of latitude is the Congo located?
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{ "text": [ "Equator" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "Equator" ]
SQuAD
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.
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370df92d935f4efb925e1f58d4127252
What is the average temperature in the Congo when the sun is up?
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{ "text": [ "24 °C (75 °F)" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 130 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "24 °C (75 °F)" ]
SQuAD
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.
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cf2d2eca4aa24f39ba8bfca4f871783d
What is the average temperature range in the Congo during the night time?
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{ "text": [ "16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 173 ], "end": [ 203 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 53 ] } ] }
[ "16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F)" ]
SQuAD
Since the country is located on the Equator, the climate is consistent year-round, with the average day temperature being a humid 24 °C (75 °F) and nights generally between 16 °C (61 °F) and 21 °C (70 °F). The average yearly rainfall ranges from 1,100 millimetres (43 in) in south in the Niari Valley to over 2,000 millimetres (79 in) in central parts of the country. The dry season is from June to August while in the majority of the country the wet season has two rainfall maxima: one in March–May and another in September–November.
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9f11230becca47009f2d6f1005816a98
When does the Congo experience dry season?
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{ "text": [ "June to August" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 391 ], "end": [ 404 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 93 ], "end": [ 95 ] } ] }
[ "June to August" ]
SQuAD
The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese.
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9b246f23907746d99ddbac30a9da0f63
What is directly above the premier in the People's Republic of China?
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{ "text": [ "the National People's Congress" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 79 ], "end": [ 108 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "the National People's Congress" ]
SQuAD
The People's Republic of China constitution set a premier just one place below the National People's Congress in China. Premier read as (Simplified Chinese: 总理; pinyin: Zŏnglĭ) in Chinese.
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f537c3667f6f44b69b8177ca7b833b0a
What is the pinyin form of premier?
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{ "text": [ "Zŏnglĭ" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 169 ], "end": [ 174 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "Zŏnglĭ" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.
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c9d3f651a98242388c9d5bcc3fdf3cfa
Who became president of the Congo in 1963?
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{ "text": [ "Massamba-Débat" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 7 ] } ] }
[ "Massamba-Débat" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.
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f8ac9f985c5743b79a2e60d1b3510c0e
What was a term that could describe the political philosophy of the Congo under Massamba-Debat?
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{ "text": [ "scientific socialism" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 147 ], "end": [ 166 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ] }
[ "scientific socialism" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.
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47d4e415d7fc4e049cb60a18ee27e25b
Soldiers from which country were brought to the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "Cuban" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 387 ], "end": [ 391 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 73 ], "end": [ 73 ] } ] }
[ "Cuban" ]
SQuAD
Under the 1963 constitution, Massamba-Débat was elected President for a five-year term. During Massamba-Débat's term in office the regime adopted "scientific socialism" as the country's constitutional ideology. In 1965, Congo established relations with the Soviet Union, the People's Republic of China, North Korea and North Vietnam. Massamba-Débat's regime also invited several hundred Cuban army troops into the country to train his party's militia units and these troops helped his government survive a coup in 1966 led by paratroopers loyal to future President Marien Ngouabi. Nevertheless, Massamba-Débat was unable to reconcile various institutional, tribal and ideological factions within the country and his regime ended abruptly with a bloodless coup d'état in September 1968.
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959068a73a0d407ca7dd7b3f91c1ac7e
When did Massamba-Debat lose power in the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "September 1968" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 770 ], "end": [ 783 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 137 ], "end": [ 138 ] } ] }
[ "September 1968" ]
SQuAD
The "Mittelschule" is a school in some States of Germany that offers regular classes and remedial classes but no college preparatory classes. In some States of Germany, the Hauptschule does not exist, and any student who has not been accepted by another school has to attend the Mittelschule. Students may be awarded the Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife but not the Abitur.
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9d060924a2ce48528a38b625d9973c40
What kind of classes are not offered in Mittelschule?
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{ "text": [ "college preparatory classes" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 113 ], "end": [ 139 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "college preparatory classes" ]
SQuAD
The "Mittelschule" is a school in some States of Germany that offers regular classes and remedial classes but no college preparatory classes. In some States of Germany, the Hauptschule does not exist, and any student who has not been accepted by another school has to attend the Mittelschule. Students may be awarded the Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife but not the Abitur.
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09b3591618d749408875297d2b0d685b
What certificate is not available to Mittelschule students?
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{ "text": [ "Abitur" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 375 ], "end": [ 380 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ] }
[ "Abitur" ]
SQuAD
The "Mittelschule" is a school in some States of Germany that offers regular classes and remedial classes but no college preparatory classes. In some States of Germany, the Hauptschule does not exist, and any student who has not been accepted by another school has to attend the Mittelschule. Students may be awarded the Hauptschulabschluss or the Mittlere Reife but not the Abitur.
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fa33d9c582e9424bb009a665dcb00980
What kind of school is not available in some parts of Germany?
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{ "text": [ "Hauptschule" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 173 ], "end": [ 183 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "Hauptschule" ]
SQuAD
The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.
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79c4541a1c7a45ed8005cacb922391e6
What are two economic issues faced by the Congolese government?
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{ "text": [ "stimulating recovery and reducing poverty" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 107 ], "end": [ 147 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "stimulating recovery and reducing poverty" ]
SQuAD
The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.
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3125a016f15e4c47a19291d27f29a057
What two exports has the Congo begun producing recently?
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{ "text": [ "Natural gas and diamonds" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 193 ], "end": [ 216 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 30 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "Natural gas and diamonds" ]
SQuAD
The current administration presides over an uneasy internal peace and faces difficult economic problems of stimulating recovery and reducing poverty, despite record-high oil prices since 2003. Natural gas and diamonds are also recent major Congolese exports, although Congo was excluded from the Kimberley Process in 2004 amid allegations that most of its diamond exports were in fact being smuggled out of the neighboring Democratic Republic of Congo; it was re-admitted to the group in 2007.
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When was the Congo allowed back into the Kimberley Process?
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[ "2007" ]
SQuAD
Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.
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Who was elected president of the Congo in 1992?
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{ "text": [ "Pascal Lissouba" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 14 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 0 ], "end": [ 1 ] } ] }
[ "Pascal Lissouba" ]
SQuAD
Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.
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Who supported the measures of liberalisation Lissouba tried to employ to reform the economy?
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{ "text": [ "IMF" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 161 ], "end": [ 163 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 28 ], "end": [ 28 ] } ] }
[ "IMF" ]
SQuAD
Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.
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What interrupted the renewal of the IMF agreement with the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "civil war" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 376 ], "end": [ 384 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 71 ], "end": [ 72 ] } ] }
[ "civil war" ]
SQuAD
Pascal Lissouba, who became Congo's first elected president (1992–1997) during the period of multi-party democracy, attempted to implement economic reforms with IMF backing to liberalise the economy. In June 1996 the IMF approved a three-year SDR69.5m (US$100m) enhanced structural adjustment facility (ESAF) and was on the verge of announcing a renewed annual agreement when civil war broke out in Congo in mid-1997.
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What does ESAF stand for?
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{ "text": [ "enhanced structural adjustment facility" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 262 ], "end": [ 300 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ] }
[ "enhanced structural adjustment facility" ]
SQuAD
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.
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What is the focus of the Congo's industrial production?
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{ "text": [ "Petroleum" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 200 ], "end": [ 208 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "Petroleum" ]
SQuAD
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.
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What are two issues in the Congolese government?
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{ "text": [ "budget problems and overstaffing" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 166 ], "end": [ 197 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "budget problems and overstaffing" ]
SQuAD
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.
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bd3214b3e9de4cf5bbd926345692b0f0
What did petroleum production replace as the focus of the economy?
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{ "text": [ "forestry" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 236 ], "end": [ 243 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ] }
[ "forestry" ]
SQuAD
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.
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cdb86fef293c42f9881e4f568dc46fc6
What percentage of the Congo's gross domestic product did petroleum account for in 2008?
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{ "text": [ "65%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 311 ], "end": [ 313 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 51 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "65%" ]
SQuAD
The economy is a mixture of village agriculture and handicrafts, an industrial sector based largely on petroleum, support services, and a government characterized by budget problems and overstaffing. Petroleum extraction has supplanted forestry as the mainstay of the economy. In 2008, oil sector accounted for 65% of the GDP, 85% of government revenue, and 92% of exports. The country also has large untapped mineral wealth.
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What percentage of exported goods did oil account for in 2008?
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{ "text": [ "92%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 358 ], "end": [ 360 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ] }
[ "92%" ]
SQuAD
In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003.
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888a8359f476448fa1b9d070e390719b
Which politican left the presidential race after supporting a boycott by voters?
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{ "text": [ "Milongo" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 211 ], "end": [ 217 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "Milongo" ]
SQuAD
In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003.
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04f86d3c694b48aeb4705bba0eced202
How long did the presidential term become under the new constitution?
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{ "text": [ "seven years" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 419 ], "end": [ 429 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 79 ] } ] }
[ "seven years" ]
SQuAD
In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003.
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ae63e4e2f83241e1a269acf1829f9b1e
When was the new constitution ratified?
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{ "text": [ "January 2002" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 350 ], "end": [ 361 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 65 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ] }
[ "January 2002" ]
SQuAD
In the controversial elections in 2002, Sassou won with almost 90% of the vote cast. His two main rivals, Lissouba and Bernard Kolelas, were prevented from competing and the only remaining credible rival, Andre Milongo, advised his supporters to boycott the elections and then withdrew from the race. A new constitution, agreed upon by referendum in January 2002, granted the president new powers, extended his term to seven years, and introduced a new bicameral assembly. International observers took issue with the organization of the presidential election and the constitutional referendum, both of which were reminiscent in their organization of Congo's era of the one-party state. Following the presidential elections, fighting restarted in the Pool region between government forces and rebels led by Pastor Ntumi; a peace treaty to end the conflict was signed in April 2003.
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93c4f5898d8f49ee982513ad27f70206
When was an end brought to the fighting between the government and Ntumi's rebels?
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{ "text": [ "April 2003" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 869 ], "end": [ 878 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 154 ], "end": [ 155 ] } ] }
[ "April 2003" ]
SQuAD
The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.
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6dd34b066d014df19dcd0d1de3324f0c
When did the French take control of the region to the north of the Congo River?
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{ "text": [ "1880" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 67 ], "end": [ 70 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 12 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "1880" ]
SQuAD
The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.
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bb93a742333540d69f33edd23cba252b
Who brokered a traty with the Makoko people?
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{ "text": [ "Pierre de Brazza" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 87 ], "end": [ 102 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 19 ] } ] }
[ "Pierre de Brazza" ]
SQuAD
The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.
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5085ae9eaebe46dfab7cb6f17c9eac51
What was the French Congo's name changed to in 1903?
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{ "text": [ "Middle Congo" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 202 ], "end": [ 213 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 40 ], "end": [ 41 ] } ] }
[ "Middle Congo" ]
SQuAD
The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.
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336701a4ace04238b5bd94954ed144fa
What group of French colonies was created in 1908?
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{ "text": [ "French Equatorial Africa" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 250 ], "end": [ 273 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 50 ], "end": [ 52 ] } ] }
[ "French Equatorial Africa" ]
SQuAD
The area north of the Congo River came under French sovereignty in 1880 as a result of Pierre de Brazza's treaty with Makoko of the Bateke. This Congo Colony became known first as French Congo, then as Middle Congo in 1903. In 1908, France organized French Equatorial Africa (AEF), comprising Middle Congo, Gabon, Chad, and Oubangui-Chari (the modern Central African Republic). The French designated Brazzaville as the federal capital. Economic development during the first 50 years of colonial rule in Congo centered on natural-resource extraction. The methods were often brutal: construction of the Congo–Ocean Railroad following World War I has been estimated to have cost at least 14,000 lives.
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11a9fc1d387f4daea7f9d94b08a23f72
How many people are estimated to have died as a result of the creation of the Congo-Ocean Railroad?
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[ "14,000" ]
SQuAD
In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.
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bd2013aa8b4440caa61924378ea58079
Which group studied gorillas in 2006-07?
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[ "Wildlife Conservation Society" ]
SQuAD
In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.
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53c2f34752da43d29aaa78fd49f06edf
What region is home to the gorillas studied by the Wildlife Conservation Society?
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[ "Sangha Region" ]
SQuAD
In 2006–07, researchers from the Wildlife Conservation Society studied gorillas in heavily forested regions centered on the Ouesso district of the Sangha Region. They suggest a population on the order of 125,000 Western Lowland Gorillas, whose isolation from humans has been largely preserved by inhospitable swamps.
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99589a9b6f4447c2892ffc13e3c2ebcd
What was responsible for maintaining the separation between the gorillas and humans?
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[ "inhospitable swamps" ]
SQuAD
The Republic of the Congo's sparse population is concentrated in the southwestern portion of the country, leaving the vast areas of tropical jungle in the north virtually uninhabited. Thus, Congo is one of the most urbanized countries in Africa, with 70% of its total population living in a few urban areas, namely in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire or one of the small cities or villages lining the 534-kilometre (332 mi) railway which connects the two cities. In rural areas, industrial and commercial activity has declined rapidly in recent years, leaving rural economies dependent on the government for support and subsistence.
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00815d5924a74b5fa37d8452be656905
How long is the track connecting Brazzaville and Pointe-Noire?
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[ "534-kilometre (332 mi)" ]
SQuAD
Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.
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0f00d5459e7342bc8f2c2f2dd061802b
Which two figures clashed over leadership of the Congo in 1997?
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[ "Lissouba and Sassou" ]
SQuAD
Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.
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c67a9a320d0f43289e09aa713151b495
What is the name of Sassou's personal army?
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[ "Cobras" ]
SQuAD
Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.
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4d9e00a16c974656acb9c79a86a0c957
What nationality were the forces that invaded the Congo to assist Sassou in taking control of the country?
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[ "Angolan" ]
SQuAD
Congo's democratic progress was derailed in 1997 when Lissouba and Sassou started to fight for power in the civil war. As presidential elections scheduled for July 1997 approached, tensions between the Lissouba and Sassou camps mounted. On June 5, President Lissouba's government forces surrounded Sassou's compound in Brazzaville and Sassou ordered members of his private militia (known as "Cobras") to resist. Thus began a four-month conflict that destroyed or damaged much of Brazzaville and caused tens of thousands of civilian deaths. In early October, the Angolan socialist régime began an invasion of Congo to install Sassou in power. In mid-October, the Lissouba government fell. Soon thereafter, Sassou declared himself president.
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75aa3d866fe24b259f504cb84fbeb5c3
In what month did Sassou regain the presidency?
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{ "text": [ "October" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 549 ], "end": [ 555 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 98 ], "end": [ 98 ] } ] }
[ "October" ]
SQuAD
As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.
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b3cb71bf1f9949b5a73f9dfa72a53807
As measured in 2010, how many deaths occurred for every 100,000 live births in the Congo?
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[ "560" ]
SQuAD
As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.
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0b5b04ca30a84286a68a6be32d4da125
What does FGM stand for?
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{ "text": [ "Female genital mutilation" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 142 ], "end": [ 166 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 25 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "Female genital mutilation" ]
SQuAD
As of 2010, the maternal mortality rate was 560 deaths/100,000 live births, and the infant mortality rate was 59.34 deaths/1,000 live births. Female genital mutilation (FGM) is rare in the country, being confined to limited geographic areas of the country.
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ce218b9ff2b541d0bd8de541ca189c4f
How many infants die for every 1,000 live births?
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{ "text": [ "59.34" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 110 ], "end": [ 114 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 20 ], "end": [ 20 ] } ] }
[ "59.34" ]
SQuAD
The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.
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a2e9e249f8d54325ade668054ae895c2
What precious metals and minerals have yet to be utilized in the Republic of the Congo?
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[ "base metal, gold, iron and phosphate" ]
SQuAD
The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.
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592615cd46f04d5e81ab6e9d13568655
What business organization is the Congo a member of?
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{ "text": [ "Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 128 ], "end": [ 187 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 26 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa" ]
SQuAD
The Republic of the Congo also has large untapped base metal, gold, iron and phosphate deposits. The country is a member of the Organization for the Harmonization of Business Law in Africa (OHADA). The Congolese government signed an agreement in 2009 to lease 200,000 hectares of land to South African farmers to reduce its dependence on imports.
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77edb02273be470dbc31c35f30100e54
How much land did the Congolese government agree to lease to South Africans in 2009?
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{ "text": [ "200,000 hectares" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 260 ], "end": [ 275 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 49 ], "end": [ 50 ] } ] }
[ "200,000 hectares" ]
SQuAD
Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.
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30085be1a0b84311a16b3f1789a6952d
What caused reform efforts to cease in 1997?
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{ "text": [ "civil war" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 195 ], "end": [ 203 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "civil war" ]
SQuAD
Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.
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11fa0c8fe8114dfdad15ba2b1c2c3a7f
What are two reasons why the economy was not able to progress following the civil war?
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{ "text": [ "slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 494 ], "end": [ 549 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 81 ], "end": [ 89 ] } ] }
[ "slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict" ]
SQuAD
Economic reform efforts continued with the support of international organizations, notably the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund. The reform program came to a halt in June 1997 when civil war erupted. When Sassou Nguesso returned to power at the end of the war in October 1997, he publicly expressed interest in moving forward on economic reforms and privatization and in renewing cooperation with international financial institutions. However, economic progress was badly hurt by slumping oil prices and the resumption of armed conflict in December 1998, which worsened the republic's budget deficit.
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08e777778f0c4921853cc561c81571bc
When did military conflict resume in the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "December 1998" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 554 ], "end": [ 566 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 91 ], "end": [ 92 ] } ] }
[ "December 1998" ]
SQuAD
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.
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d54e5b32e59a4faab6928bbd60289463
What did income from petroleum allow the government to fund in the early '80s?
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{ "text": [ "large-scale development projects" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 82 ], "end": [ 113 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 14 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "large-scale development projects" ]
SQuAD
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.
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04bdd31e59ba41d5a8dba3aa9e0b0737
What was the Congo's annual increase in gross domestic product in the early '80s?
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{ "text": [ "5%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 141 ], "end": [ 142 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 23 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "5%" ]
SQuAD
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.
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fbd56098113b4a318bf340d0f0c19b30
By how much were Franc Zone currencies devalued in January of 1994?
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{ "text": [ "50%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 365 ], "end": [ 367 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 65 ] } ] }
[ "50%" ]
SQuAD
In the early 1980s, rapidly rising oil revenues enabled the government to finance large-scale development projects with GDP growth averaging 5% annually, one of the highest rates in Africa. The government has mortgaged a substantial portion of its petroleum earnings, contributing to a shortage of revenues. January 12, 1994 devaluation of Franc Zone currencies by 50% resulted in inflation of 46% in 1994, but inflation has subsided since.
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cfd865ca3ae943d886ee675ef4f071d9
How much inflation did the Congo experience as a result of the devaluation of the Franc?
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{ "text": [ "46%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 394 ], "end": [ 396 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 70 ], "end": [ 71 ] } ] }
[ "46%" ]
SQuAD
The United Kingdom's constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said "not to exist", indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905).
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c68d332f1a6741b397e09780faab4d6f
When was prime minister first mentioned in a government document in the UK?
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{ "text": [ "first decade of the twentieth century" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 229 ], "end": [ 265 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 46 ] } ] }
[ "first decade of the twentieth century" ]
SQuAD
The United Kingdom's constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said "not to exist", indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905).
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79776b8716bd4857bc629fbbf2586986
Who was the last prime minister to serve simultaneously as Chancellor of the Exchequer?
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{ "text": [ "Balfour" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 602 ], "end": [ 608 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 114 ], "end": [ 114 ] } ] }
[ "Balfour" ]
SQuAD
The United Kingdom's constitution, being uncodified and largely unwritten, makes no mention of a prime minister. Though it had de facto existed for centuries, its first mention in official state documents did not occur until the first decade of the twentieth century. Accordingly, it is often said "not to exist", indeed there are several instances of parliament declaring this to be the case. The prime minister sits in the cabinet solely by virtue of occupying another office, either First Lord of the Treasury (office in commission), or more rarely Chancellor of the Exchequer (the last of whom was Balfour in 1905).
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10e83f3edfce43c785da6637590a6646
When did Balfour last hold the titles of prime minister and Chancellor of the Exchequer?
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{ "text": [ "1905" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 613 ], "end": [ 616 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 116 ], "end": [ 116 ] } ] }
[ "1905" ]
SQuAD
Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.
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1f7c05ba0f3644839ef4f60ac1ca6d91
Prior to the civil war in '97, how many non-Africans lived in the Republic of the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "about 9,000" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 31 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "about 9,000" ]
SQuAD
Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.
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910a747b0b924115a217f8f2ffac34c8
What was the dominant nationality among Europeans living in the Congo prior to the civil war?
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{ "text": [ "French" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 100 ], "end": [ 105 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 21 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "French" ]
SQuAD
Before the 1997 war, about 9,000 Europeans and other non-Africans lived in Congo, most of whom were French; only a fraction of this number remains. Around 300 American expatriates reside in the Congo.
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ee895329dd12452595498fe3da9e368e
How many Americans live in the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "Around 300" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 148 ], "end": [ 157 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 31 ], "end": [ 32 ] } ] }
[ "Around 300" ]
SQuAD
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.
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4804bc174bfa4ce2916d9e5e37ecf79f
What forms of transport are available in the Congo?
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{ "text": [ "land, air and water" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 48 ], "end": [ 66 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 8 ], "end": [ 12 ] } ] }
[ "land, air and water" ]
SQuAD
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.
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f6919a3b4d004cf595988d3eafa46f5b
When was the Congo's train system built?
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{ "text": [ "1930s" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 150 ], "end": [ 154 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 27 ], "end": [ 27 ] } ] }
[ "1930s" ]
SQuAD
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.
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23203410a2bb4011ab98ea21566df8cc
What is a common destination outside of Africa for Congolese airlines?
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{ "text": [ "Paris" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 337 ], "end": [ 341 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 62 ], "end": [ 62 ] } ] }
[ "Paris" ]
SQuAD
Transport in the Republic of the Congo includes land, air and water transportation. The country's rail system was built by forced laborers during the 1930s and largely remains in operation. There are also over 1000 km of paved roads and two major international airports (Maya-Maya Airport and Pointe Noire Airport) which have flights to Paris and many African cities. The country also has a large port on the Atlantic Ocean at Pointe-Noire and others along the Congo River at Brazzaville and Impfondo.
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498dbed7aace4d2bb27f1a148b7d7673
On what ocean is a major port located?
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{ "text": [ "Atlantic Ocean" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 409 ], "end": [ 422 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 77 ], "end": [ 78 ] } ] }
[ "Atlantic Ocean" ]
SQuAD
In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future of the examination system. Comprehensive school remains the most common type of state secondary school in England, and the only type in Wales. They account for around 90% of pupils, or 64% if one does not count schools with low-level selection. This figure varies by region.
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9c672159a1d24f9a97d957591bcf27c3
Who initiated the scrutiny of the educational system in 1976?
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{ "text": [ "James Callaghan" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 41 ], "end": [ 55 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 7 ], "end": [ 8 ] } ] }
[ "James Callaghan" ]
SQuAD
In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future of the examination system. Comprehensive school remains the most common type of state secondary school in England, and the only type in Wales. They account for around 90% of pupils, or 64% if one does not count schools with low-level selection. This figure varies by region.
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1eaf088ff4f8458e9db7b1a7542abcdf
What is the only kind of school operating in Wales?
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{ "text": [ "Comprehensive school" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 348 ], "end": [ 367 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ] }
[ "Comprehensive school" ]
SQuAD
In 1976 the future Labour prime minister James Callaghan launched what became known as the 'great debate' on the education system. He went on to list the areas he felt needed closest scrutiny: the case for a core curriculum, the validity and use of informal teaching methods, the role of school inspection and the future of the examination system. Comprehensive school remains the most common type of state secondary school in England, and the only type in Wales. They account for around 90% of pupils, or 64% if one does not count schools with low-level selection. This figure varies by region.
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f67441e86bda4da3a3d8b84f5cc23700
Which political party was James Callaghan a member of?
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[ "Labour" ]
SQuAD
In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).
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7a928b6b039d42feab81e1a6f5afca66
What is the Russian term for prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "Chairman of the government" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 66 ], "end": [ 91 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 10 ], "end": [ 13 ] } ] }
[ "Chairman of the government" ]
SQuAD
In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).
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2932fb04040b445899931da65755c9ad
What is the Israeli term for prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "Rosh HaMemshalah" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 220 ], "end": [ 235 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 39 ], "end": [ 40 ] } ] }
[ "Rosh HaMemshalah" ]
SQuAD
In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).
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489198464d1e49a59be54fb0b2e7d728
What is the term used in spain for prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno)" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 407 ], "end": [ 459 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 78 ], "end": [ 86 ] } ] }
[ "President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno)" ]
SQuAD
In the Russian constitution the prime minister is actually titled Chairman of the government while the Irish prime minister is called the Taoiseach (which is rendered into English as prime minister), and in Israel he is Rosh HaMemshalah meaning "head of the government". In many cases, though commonly used, "prime minister" is not the official title of the office-holder; the Spanish prime minister is the President of the Government (Presidente del Gobierno).
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27a60a50c3794f53adea541d52b0a7d2
What is the Irish term for prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "Taoiseach" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 138 ], "end": [ 146 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 22 ] } ] }
[ "Taoiseach" ]
SQuAD
Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats.
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36ca08f40dd741c0ba13b5e398b436cb
Unequal crossing over can create what type of repetitive DNA?
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[ "Tandem repeats" ]
SQuAD
Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats.
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41cd8fb8c25f460aa521b4343adb8b98
What are two examples of tandem repeats in DNA?
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{ "text": [ "satellite DNA and microsatellites" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 109 ], "end": [ 141 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 18 ], "end": [ 21 ] } ] }
[ "satellite DNA and microsatellites" ]
SQuAD
Tandem repeats are usually caused by slippage during replication, unequal crossing-over and gene conversion, satellite DNA and microsatellites are forms of tandem repeats in the genome. Although tandem repeats count for a significant proportion in genome, the largest proportion in mammalian is the other type, interspersed repeats.
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494190b6c55348e3a4110a5db97c5b95
What is the most common type of repetitive DNA in mammals?
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{ "text": [ "interspersed repeats." ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 311 ], "end": [ 331 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 52 ], "end": [ 54 ] } ] }
[ "interspersed repeats." ]
SQuAD
The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.
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e13c4650bd8749a69aef4f6a03905ca5
What is a central duty of the prime minister?
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[ "ensure the passage of bills" ]
SQuAD
The prime minister is often, but not always, a member of parliament[clarification needed] and is expected with other ministers to ensure the passage of bills through the legislature. In some monarchies the monarch may also exercise executive powers (known as the royal prerogative) that are constitutionally vested in the crown and may be exercised without the approval of parliament.
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4a16e945fa3d4968a2e5d2ea3c71e34f
What is it called when a monarch has a share of executive powers?
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{ "text": [ "royal prerogative" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 263 ], "end": [ 279 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 46 ], "end": [ 47 ] } ] }
[ "royal prerogative" ]
SQuAD
The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings.
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61f0ae347a424152816202ed3af595b6
From whom did ministers derive their power?
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[ "the monarch" ]
SQuAD
The power of these ministers depended entirely on the personal favour of the monarch. Although managing the parliament was among the necessary skills of holding high office, they did not depend on a parliamentary majority for their power. Although there was a cabinet, it was appointed entirely by the monarch, and the monarch usually presided over its meetings.
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c50511a0e2554cfda03c00f8fbcc0893
Who was responsible for naming people to serve in the cabinet?
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[ "the monarch" ]
SQuAD
The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".
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b61565f5915549579ba78811720ddf6e
Who occupied the role that would later become prime minister under Henry VIII?
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{ "text": [ "Thomas Cromwell" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 162 ], "end": [ 176 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "Thomas Cromwell" ]
SQuAD
The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".
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f312660249394014bea84f8eb57ba5e2
Who held the equivalent of the post of prime minister under Queen Anne?
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[ "Godolphin" ]
SQuAD
The monarchs of England and the United Kingdom had ministers in whom they placed special trust and who were regarded as the head of the government. Examples were Thomas Cromwell under Henry VIII; William Cecil, Lord Burghley under Elizabeth I; Clarendon under Charles II and Godolphin under Queen Anne. These ministers held a variety of formal posts, but were commonly known as "the minister", the "chief minister", the "first minister" and finally the "prime minister".
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505cfee37e28443cac16d8e0c0f5be30
Who served as the head minister under Charles II?
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{ "text": [ "Clarendon" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 244 ], "end": [ 252 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 44 ], "end": [ 44 ] } ] }
[ "Clarendon" ]
SQuAD
The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
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152d0a722e944959a7390c3b36cd3039
When was the title of prime minister first used?
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[ "1625" ]
SQuAD
The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
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ab719eeeb72143b0a480b381a506b825
Who coined the term prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "Cardinal Richelieu" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 99 ], "end": [ 116 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ] }
[ "Cardinal Richelieu" ]
SQuAD
The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
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debb7a72b1c9444eb970a6afcef3bc60
What country did Richelieu serve as prime minister for?
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{ "text": [ "France" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 191 ], "end": [ 196 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 34 ], "end": [ 34 ] } ] }
[ "France" ]
SQuAD
The first actual usage of the term prime minister or Premier Ministre[citation needed] was used by Cardinal Richelieu when in 1625 he was named to head the royal council as prime minister of France. Louis XIV and his descendants generally attempted to avoid giving this title to their chief ministers.
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c5a52eb406324bcd8a04d0ca6290f82d
Who started a tradition of naming the head ministers something other than prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "Louis XIV" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 199 ], "end": [ 207 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 36 ], "end": [ 37 ] } ] }
[ "Louis XIV" ]
SQuAD
When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power.
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6c3b1f6b144a4f438d06707757f99a12
Who are the two ministers used by Queen Anne simultaneously?
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{ "text": [ "Harley and St John" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 340 ], "end": [ 357 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 64 ], "end": [ 67 ] } ] }
[ "Harley and St John" ]
SQuAD
When the monarch grew tired of a first minister, he or she could be dismissed, or worse: Cromwell was executed and Clarendon driven into exile when they lost favour. Kings sometimes divided power equally between two or more ministers to prevent one minister from becoming too powerful. Late in Anne's reign, for example, the Tory ministers Harley and St John shared power.
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30f218bdb8e44f58961147e1e19488c6
Who was exiled when he lost the favor of the monarch?
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{ "text": [ "Clarendon" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 115 ], "end": [ 123 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 24 ], "end": [ 24 ] } ] }
[ "Clarendon" ]
SQuAD
In Tasmania in 2009 the old college system and TAFE Tasmania have started a 3-year restructure to become the Tasmanian Polytechnic www.polytechnic.tas.edu.au, Tasmanian Skills Institute www.skillsinstitute.tas.edu.au and Tasmanian Academy www.academy.tas.edu.au
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42bc1fe87a38441abb63152c0c7df687
TAFE Tasmania started a three-year restructuring in what year?
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{ "text": [ "2009" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 15 ], "end": [ 18 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 3 ], "end": [ 3 ] } ] }
[ "2009" ]
SQuAD
A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government.
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The reign of which king was a turning point in the growth of the position of prime minister?
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{ "text": [ "George I" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 116 ], "end": [ 123 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 22 ], "end": [ 23 ] } ] }
[ "George I" ]
SQuAD
A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government.
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In what year did Queen Anne die?
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{ "text": [ "1714" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 90 ], "end": [ 93 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 17 ], "end": [ 17 ] } ] }
[ "1714" ]
SQuAD
A tipping point in the evolution of the prime ministership came with the death of Anne in 1714 and the accession of George I to the throne. George spoke no English, spent much of his time at his home in Hanover, and had neither knowledge of, nor interest in, the details of English government. In these circumstances it was inevitable that the king's first minister would become the de facto head of the government.
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1fee723444b248edadc3480e7499413b
Where was George I's home?
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{ "text": [ "Hanover" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 203 ], "end": [ 209 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 42 ], "end": [ 42 ] } ] }
[ "Hanover" ]
SQuAD
In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.
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bba789e203bf48b19952725e7475d152
What 1688 event helped the parliament solidy its power against the monarch?
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{ "text": [ "Glorious Revolution" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 162 ], "end": [ 180 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 29 ], "end": [ 30 ] } ] }
[ "Glorious Revolution" ]
SQuAD
In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.
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5cc9ea31bbc344da80184f0fdaf2620d
What 1689 law contributed to parliament's growing power?
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{ "text": [ "Bill of Rights" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 209 ], "end": [ 222 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 37 ], "end": [ 39 ] } ] }
[ "Bill of Rights" ]
SQuAD
In the mid 17th century, after the English Civil War (1642–1651), Parliament strengthened its position relative to the monarch then gained more power through the Glorious Revolution of 1688 and passage of the Bill of Rights in 1689. The monarch could no longer establish any law or impose any tax without its permission and thus the House of Commons became a part of the government. It is at this point that a modern style of prime minister begins to emerge.
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What body was incorporated into the government as a result of the Bill of Rights?
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{ "text": [ "House of Commons" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 333 ], "end": [ 348 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 61 ], "end": [ 63 ] } ] }
[ "House of Commons" ]
SQuAD
Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).
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How much of the gross domestic product was spent on public health in 2004?
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{ "text": [ "8.9%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 33 ], "end": [ 36 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 5 ], "end": [ 6 ] } ] }
[ "8.9%" ]
SQuAD
Public expenditure health was at 8.9% of the GDP in 2004, whereas private expenditure was at 1.3%. As of 2012, the HIV/AIDS prevalence was at 2.8% among 15- to 49-year-olds. Health expenditure was at US$30 per capita in 2004. A large proportion of the population is undernourished, with malnutrition being a problem in Congo-Brazzaville. There were 20 physicians per 100,000 persons in the early 2000s (decade).
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0e31f4ec98434e86be473201563da02f
What was the overall incidence of HIV or AIDS throughout the 15 to 49 year old population?
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{ "text": [ "2.8%" ], "char_spans": [ { "start": [ 142 ], "end": [ 145 ] } ], "token_spans": [ { "start": [ 32 ], "end": [ 33 ] } ] }
[ "2.8%" ]