mihirhirave/entity_extraction_ade_v2_with_validation

text stringlengths 22 455	relations listlengths 1 24
Only 3 cases of imatinib-induced tumor lysis syndrome have been reported.	[ { "ade": "tumor lysis syndrome", "drug": "imatinib" } ]
Pulmonary fibrosis subsequent to high doses of CCNU for chronic myeloid leukemia.	[ { "ade": "Pulmonary fibrosis", "drug": "CCNU" } ]
To our knowledge this is the first report that demonstrates histological abnormalities of the glomerulus associated with postoperative IFN-beta therapy for the malignant melanoma.	[ { "ade": "histological abnormalities of the glomerulus", "drug": "IFN-beta" } ]
The 5 patients had severe renovascular disease which might thus represent a significant risk factor in the development of captopril-induced acute renal failure.	[ { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "captopril" } ]
Optic neuropathy in ethambutol-treated renal tuberculosis.	[ { "ade": "Optic neuropathy", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]
Treatment of carbimazole-induced agranulocytosis and sepsis with granulocyte colony stimulating factor.	[ { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "carbimazole" }, { "ade": "sepsis", "drug": "carbimazole" } ]
RESULTS: Brimonidine was observed to cause IOP elevation, confirmed on rechallenge, scoring 8 (strong probability) on an adverse drug reaction probability score.	[ { "ade": "IOP elevation", "drug": "Brimonidine" } ]
These cases indicate that sulpiride can cause tardive dyskinesia and that this drug should be administered with caution.	[ { "ade": "tardive dyskinesia", "drug": "sulpiride" } ]
In this case senna was likely the cause of a subacute cholestatic hepatitis exemplifying again the potential role of herbal related liver injury.	[ { "ade": "liver injury", "drug": "senna" }, { "ade": "subacute cholestatic hepatitis", "drug": "senna" } ]
Fatal pulmonary fibrosis induced by paclitaxel: a case report and review of the literature.	[ { "ade": "Fatal pulmonary fibrosis", "drug": "paclitaxel" } ]
Given that discontinuation of nitrofurantoin and introduction of methylprednisolon therapy significantly lowered liver enzyme levels, restoring most of them to normal, we concluded that this was probably the case of toxic liver damage caused by nitrofurantoin.	[ { "ade": "toxic liver damage", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" } ]
A 67-year-old man developed diarrhea shortly after a 10-day course of oral ampicillin.	[ { "ade": "diarrhea", "drug": "ampicillin" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: Itraconazole-induced liver injury presents with a cholestatic pattern of injury with damage to the interlobular bile ducts, possibly leading to ductopenia.	[ { "ade": "damage to the interlobular bile ducts", "drug": "Itraconazole" }, { "ade": "liver injury", "drug": "Itraconazole" }, { "ade": "ductopenia", "drug": "Itraconazole" }, { "ade": "cholestatic pattern of injury", "drug": "Itraconazole" } ]
Diphenhydramine-induced wide complex dysrhythmia responds to treatment with sodium bicarbonate.	[ { "ade": "dysrhythmia", "drug": "Diphenhydramine" } ]
Inadvertent and accidental epinephrine overdose might result in potentially lethal complications.	[ { "ade": "lethal complications", "drug": "epinephrine" } ]
Syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction associated with infliximab and leflunomide combination therapy in a child with psoriatic arthritis.	[ { "ade": "Syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "leflunomide" }, { "ade": "Syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "infliximab" } ]
The patient had recurrence of urticaria and angioedema a year and a half later, at which point the NPH was stopped and she was desensitized to regular insulin.	[ { "ade": "angioedema", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "urticaria", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "angioedema", "drug": "NPH" }, { "ade": "urticaria", "drug": "NPH" } ]
The most likely cause of liver failure in this patient was, therefore, clarithromycin, which undergoes hepatic metabolism and has been reported to cause fulminant hepatic failure.	[ { "ade": "liver failure", "drug": "clarithromycin" }, { "ade": "fulminant hepatic failure", "drug": "clarithromycin" } ]
Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients with ovarian carcinoma following long-term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan).	[ { "ade": "Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia", "drug": "Treosulfan" }, { "ade": "Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia", "drug": "dihydroxybusulfan" } ]
Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with chronic overuse of an adrenaline inhaler.	[ { "ade": "Dilated cardiomyopathy", "drug": "adrenaline" } ]
We report on 7 patients (2 women, 5 men) with chronic renal failure, who developed under a high dosage of the new diuretic muzolimine (range 240 to 1440 mg per day) fatal neuromyeloencephalopathy.	[ { "ade": "fatal neuromyeloencephalopathy", "drug": "muzolimine" } ]
Presentation of three palliative care patients who were given ketamine as an analgesic and subsequently developed significant and debilitating urological symptoms.	[ { "ade": "urological symptoms", "drug": "ketamine" } ]
RESULTS: We recently experienced a case of fatal erlotinib-induced ILD, diagnosed based on clinical and radiologic findings, which occurred in a patient with radiation fibrosis.	[ { "ade": "ILD", "drug": "erlotinib" } ]
In a series of 104 cases of intentional or inadvertent use of zidovudine at differing gestations in pregnancy, there were eight spontaneous first trimester abortions, eight therapeutic terminations, and eight cases of fetal abnormality occurring among a total of 88 cases where the pregnancy progressed.	[ { "ade": "first trimester abortions", "drug": "zidovudine" }, { "ade": "fetal abnormality", "drug": "zidovudine" } ]
Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used second line agent for RA, and there have been several recent reports of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated polyclonal B cell lymphoproliferative disorder in MTX-treated RA patients.	[ { "ade": "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated polyclonal B cell lymphoproliferative disorder", "drug": "Methotrexate" }, { "ade": "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated polyclonal B cell lymphoproliferative disorder", "drug": "MTX" } ]
Recurrent hyponatremia associated with citalopram and mirtazapine.	[ { "ade": "Recurrent hyponatremia", "drug": "mirtazapine" }, { "ade": "Recurrent hyponatremia", "drug": "citalopram" } ]
Progressive hypoxemia mandated endotracheal intubation 1 week after rituximab administration and led to death 4 weeks after admission.	[ { "ade": "Progressive hypoxemia", "drug": "rituximab" } ]
We report here a rare case of ritodrine-hydrochloride-induced rhabdomyolysis in a pregnant patient with myotonic dystrophy.	[ { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "ritodrine-hydrochloride" } ]
Acute bilateral phrenic neuropathy following treatment with adalimumab.	[ { "ade": "Acute bilateral phrenic neuropathy", "drug": "adalimumab" } ]
Erythema multiforme associated with phenytoin and cranial radiation therapy: a report of three patients and review of the literature.	[ { "ade": "Erythema multiforme", "drug": "phenytoin" } ]
Perinatal vasoconstrictive renal insufficiency associated with maternal nimesulide use.	[ { "ade": "renal insufficiency", "drug": "nimesulide" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving intravitreal injections of bevacizumab should be evaluated for potential systemic risk factors such as carotid insufficiency, coagulopathy and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.	[ { "ade": "carotid insufficiency", "drug": "bevacizumab" }, { "ade": "coagulopathy", "drug": "bevacizumab" }, { "ade": "poorly controlled diabetes mellitus", "drug": "bevacizumab" } ]
A case of allopurinol hypersensitivity, possibly the first in a black African, is reported.	[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity", "drug": "allopurinol" } ]
Our cases constitute the most severe cases of benzarone hepatotoxicity reported so far, and comprise the first cases of (sub)fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis related to benzarone.	[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "benzarone" }, { "ade": "cirrhosis", "drug": "benzarone" }, { "ade": "(sub)fulminant hepatitis", "drug": "benzarone" } ]
Suspected ciprofloxacin-induced interstitial nephritis.	[ { "ade": "interstitial nephritis", "drug": "ciprofloxacin" } ]
We report a case of torsade de pointes following a single oral dose of amiodarone (1400 mg or 30 mg kg-1) administered after short intravenous loading for prevention of paroxysmal atrial flutter.	[ { "ade": "torsade de pointes", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]
We describe a patient with idiopathic RLS who developed augmentation after 8 months of levodopa treatment.	[ { "ade": "augmentation", "drug": "levodopa" } ]
It is tempting to speculate that interferon alpha may be involved in the pathogenesis of lichen nitidus.	[ { "ade": "lichen nitidus", "drug": "interferon alpha" } ]
Corneal endothelial dysfunction associated with amantadine toxicity.	[ { "ade": "Corneal endothelial dysfunction", "drug": "amantadine" } ]
Rifampin-induced hypothyroidism without underlying thyroid disease.	[ { "ade": "hypothyroidism", "drug": "Rifampin" } ]
Allergic reaction to gemfibrozil manifesting as eosinophilic gastroenteritis.	[ { "ade": "eosinophilic gastroenteritis", "drug": "gemfibrozil" } ]
Ciprofloxacin is one drug that has been reported to cause interstitial nephritis.	[ { "ade": "interstitial nephritis", "drug": "Ciprofloxacin" } ]
Development of porphyria cutanea tarda after treatment with cyclophosphamide.	[ { "ade": "porphyria cutanea tarda", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]
Severe hepatitis caused by cyproterone acetate.	[ { "ade": "Severe hepatitis", "drug": "cyproterone acetate" } ]
A patient with acute esophageal variceal bleeding developed fatal rhabdomyolysis during treatment with a continuous intravenous infusion of vasopressin.	[ { "ade": "fatal rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "vasopressin" } ]
Colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication, and the postulated mechanisms and risk factors for this severe complication are discussed.	[ { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "Colchicine" } ]
We describe a 15-year-old female patient diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with status epilepticus after receiving intrathecal methotrexate.	[ { "ade": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
To the best of our knowledge, corneoscleral melting in the first postoperative week after a single intraoperative application of mitomycin C has not been reported.	[ { "ade": "corneoscleral melting", "drug": "mitomycin C" } ]
Transient cardiac arrhythmias related to lopinavir/ritonavir in two patients with HIV infection.	[ { "ade": "Transient cardiac arrhythmias", "drug": "ritonavir" }, { "ade": "Transient cardiac arrhythmias", "drug": "lopinavir" } ]
We report the first case of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individual receiving combination antiretroviral therapy, which included ritonavir, who developed Cushing syndrome with profound complications after epidural triamcinolone injections.	[ { "ade": "Cushing syndrome", "drug": "triamcinolone" } ]
We report a third case of a 6-week-old infant with Escherichia coli sepsis who received ampicillin and other antibiotics and subsequently developed TEN.	[ { "ade": "TEN", "drug": "ampicillin" } ]
BACKGROUND: To assess the nature, incidence, and risk factors of retinopathy associated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients.	[ { "ade": "retinopathy", "drug": "ribavirin" }, { "ade": "retinopathy", "drug": "pegylated interferon" } ]
We report a 13 year-old male who developed life-threatening anaphylaxis early in the course of Increlex therapy.	[ { "ade": "anaphylaxis", "drug": "Increlex" } ]
Findings on discontinuation and rechallenge supported the assumption that the hair loss was a side effect of the paroxetine.	[ { "ade": "hair loss", "drug": "paroxetine" } ]
His impaired memory was found to be due to the atenolol he was on and he made a complete recovery on withdrawing the beta-blocker.	[ { "ade": "impaired memory", "drug": "atenolol" } ]
CONCLUSION: The results suggest that olanzapine may be useful in treating patients with clozapine-induced granulocytopenia without the risk of recurrence of hematologic side effects.	[ { "ade": "granulocytopenia", "drug": "clozapine" } ]
Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a highly probable relationship between the observed cardiac toxicity and amphotericin B deoxycholate therapy in this patient.	[ { "ade": "cardiac toxicity", "drug": "amphotericin B deoxycholate" } ]
CASE: We present an 11-year old male with Budd-Chiari syndrome who experienced profound worsening of chronic aphthous ulcers after immunosuppressive therapy was changed from tacrolimus to sirolimus.	[ { "ade": "worsening of chronic aphthous ulcers", "drug": "tacrolimus" }, { "ade": "worsening of chronic aphthous ulcers", "drug": "sirolimus" } ]
A case of propranolol overdose complicated by esophageal spasm preventing extrication of an orogastric lavage tube and relieved by intravenous glucagon is presented.	[ { "ade": "esophageal spasm", "drug": "propranolol" } ]
We report the development of squamous-cell carcinoma within a basal-cell epithelioma that was treated with intralesional injections of 5-FU.	[ { "ade": "squamous-cell carcinoma", "drug": "5-FU" } ]
BACKGROUND: Cyanamide, an aversive agent widely used in Japan, is known to induce various degrees of hepatic lesion with ground-glass inclusion bodies.	[ { "ade": "hepatic lesion with ground-glass inclusion bodies", "drug": "Cyanamide" } ]
Intravenous azithromycin-induced ototoxicity.	[ { "ade": "ototoxicity", "drug": "azithromycin" } ]
Diffusion-weighted MRI correlates of subacute methotrexate-related neurotoxicity.	[ { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
Ethambutol is frequently used in the treatment of tuberculosis, and, although optic neuropathies have been reported with the use of ethambutol, this adverse side effect has been considered to be rare and generally reversible with discontinuation of the medication.	[ { "ade": "optic neuropathies", "drug": "Ethambutol" } ]
A twelve year-old-girl with idiopathic partial epilepsy with secondary generalization, developed acute psychosis 10 days after the administration of levetiracetam.	[ { "ade": "acute psychosis", "drug": "levetiracetam" } ]
Severe dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome.	[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity syndrome", "drug": "dapsone" } ]
A case of severe acute hepatitis caused by cyproterone acetate in a 71 year old man with prostatic carcinoma is reported with a review of the literature on hepatic reactions to this drug.	[ { "ade": "severe acute hepatitis", "drug": "cyproterone acetate" } ]
Two children with rheumatic fever developed anicteric hepatitis while on high-dose aspirin therapy.	[ { "ade": "anicteric hepatitis", "drug": "aspirin" } ]
We report here on a heretofore undescribed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a patient with a long-standing history of refractory CLL that was treated with fludarabine phosphate.	[ { "ade": "respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection", "drug": "fludarabine phosphate" } ]
Described here are 2 patients who developed thrombotic microangiopathy of the kidneys after receiving high cumulative doses of the new anticancer drug gemcitabine.	[ { "ade": "thrombotic microangiopathy", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]
We describe a case of pneumonitis following local administration of methotrexate for nonsurgical termination of an ectopic pregnancy.	[ { "ade": "pneumonitis", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
Case report: dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome associated with treatment of the bite of a brown recluse spider.	[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity syndrome", "drug": "dapsone" } ]
5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-associated peripheral neuropathy is an uncommon event.	[ { "ade": "peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" }, { "ade": "peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "5-FU" } ]
Paraplegia following prophylactic intrathecal cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is described in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission who received doses of 100 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days.	[ { "ade": "Paraplegia", "drug": "Ara-C" }, { "ade": "Paraplegia", "drug": "cytosine arabinoside" } ]
CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians treating elderly patients with olanzapine should be aware of the potential for rapidly developing hyperglycemia and monitor such patients accordingly.	[ { "ade": "hyperglycemia", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]
Both colchicine and statin therapy may be associated with myopathy, which usually occurs after several months of therapy.	[ { "ade": "myopathy", "drug": "colchicine" }, { "ade": "myopathy", "drug": "statin" } ]
After the dose of methylprednisolone was reduced from 40 mg to 20 mg i.v. q6h and shifted to other anti-asthma treatment by procaterol metered dose inhaler via spacer, the psychotic reaction disappeared a few hours later.	[ { "ade": "psychotic reaction", "drug": "methylprednisolone" } ]
Olanzapine-associated neuroleptic malignant syndrome.	[ { "ade": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "drug": "Olanzapine" } ]
A young patient experienced marked sinus tachycardia while smoking marijuana and receiving therapeutic doses of nortriptyline.	[ { "ade": "sinus tachycardia", "drug": "nortriptyline" } ]
We report the first case of tuberculous uveitis due to etanercept.	[ { "ade": "tuberculous uveitis", "drug": "etanercept" } ]
Celiac disease onset after pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment of chronic hepatitis C.	[ { "ade": "Celiac disease", "drug": "ribavirin" }, { "ade": "Celiac disease", "drug": "pegylated interferon" } ]
Successful treatment with carbimazole of a hyperthyroid pregnancy with hepatic impairment after propylthiouracil administration: a case report.	[ { "ade": "hepatic impairment", "drug": "propylthiouracil" } ]
Dipyrone, also known as metamizole, is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that was banned by the United States Food and Drug Administration because of its association with agranulocytosis.	[ { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "metamizole" }, { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "Dipyrone" } ]
We describe a 57-year-old man with acral erythrocyanosis progressing to acute digital ischemia and gangrene that developed after combined chemotherapy (bleomycin and methotrexate) used to treat a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx.	[ { "ade": "gangrene", "drug": "bleomycin" }, { "ade": "acute digital ischemia", "drug": "bleomycin" }, { "ade": "gangrene", "drug": "methotrexate" }, { "ade": "acute digital ischemia", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]
A 65-year-old woman with angina pectoris presented with syncope after sublingual ingestion of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg).	[ { "ade": "syncope", "drug": "isosorbide dinitrate" } ]
Camptocormia, a new side effect of sodium valproate.	[ { "ade": "Camptocormia", "drug": "sodium valproate" } ]
Disseminated muscular cysticercosis with myositis induced by praziquantel therapy.	[ { "ade": "myositis", "drug": "praziquantel" } ]
Cytarabine-induced cerebellar syndrome: case report and literature review.	[ { "ade": "cerebellar syndrome", "drug": "Cytarabine" } ]
RTA is one type of nephrotoxicity induced by FK506, and it is reversible in mild cases when appropriately treated.	[ { "ade": "RTA", "drug": "FK506" }, { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "FK506" } ]
Correction of serum electrolyte imbalance prevents cardiac arrhythmia during amphotericin B administration.	[ { "ade": "cardiac arrhythmia", "drug": "amphotericin B" } ]
Our findings suggest that hyperkalemia can develop with the use of low-dose heparin, within seven days of initiating heparin therapy, and that patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal insufficiency are especially predisposed to this complication.	[ { "ade": "hyperkalemia", "drug": "heparin" } ]
A case of congestive heart failure in a child with Wilms' tumor treated Adriamycin is presented and discussed.	[ { "ade": "congestive heart failure", "drug": "Adriamycin" } ]
Pericardial hemorrhage due to acetylsalicylic acid in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.	[ { "ade": "Pericardial hemorrhage", "drug": "acetylsalicylic acid" } ]
To our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of isolated paresthesia and peripheral neuropathy, without systemic involvement, secondary to sulindac administration.	[ { "ade": "isolated paresthesia", "drug": "sulindac" }, { "ade": "peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "sulindac" } ]
Antibiotic-associated colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) developed in four patients with spinal cord injury and taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.	[ { "ade": "pseudomembranous colitis", "drug": "trimethoprim" }, { "ade": "colitis", "drug": "trimethoprim" }, { "ade": "colitis", "drug": "sulfamethoxazole" }, { "ade": "pseudomembranous colitis", "drug": "sulfamethoxazole" } ]
Recognizing early signs of HMSN, such as areflexia and pes cavus deformity, can prevent severe neurotoxicity of polychemotherapy by avoiding vincristine.	[ { "ade": "severe neurotoxicity", "drug": "vincristine" } ]
Only two case reports of adults with allergic contact dermatitis to this chemical exist in the literature, and we describe three more cases of children with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis found to have potential allergic contact dermatitis to bisabolol- a component of the Aquaphor emollient they were using to treat their atopic dermatitis.	[ { "ade": "allergic contact dermatitis", "drug": "bisabolol" } ]
Only a few reports of overt jaundice are associated with streptokinase.	[ { "ade": "jaundice", "drug": "streptokinase" } ]
Traumatic late flap dehiscence and Enterobacter keratitis following LASIK.	[ { "ade": "Traumatic late flap dehiscence", "drug": "LASIK" }, { "ade": "Enterobacter keratitis", "drug": "LASIK" } ]
The patient was positive for antibody against complexes of heparin and platelet factor 4, and was diagnosed as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis syndrome (HITTS).	[ { "ade": "thrombosis syndrome", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "heparin" } ]

Only 3 cases of imatinib-induced tumor lysis syndrome have been reported.

[ { "ade": "tumor lysis syndrome", "drug": "imatinib" } ]

Pulmonary fibrosis subsequent to high doses of CCNU for chronic myeloid leukemia.

[ { "ade": "Pulmonary fibrosis", "drug": "CCNU" } ]

To our knowledge this is the first report that demonstrates histological abnormalities of the glomerulus associated with postoperative IFN-beta therapy for the malignant melanoma.

[ { "ade": "histological abnormalities of the glomerulus", "drug": "IFN-beta" } ]

The 5 patients had severe renovascular disease which might thus represent a significant risk factor in the development of captopril-induced acute renal failure.

[ { "ade": "acute renal failure", "drug": "captopril" } ]

Optic neuropathy in ethambutol-treated renal tuberculosis.

[ { "ade": "Optic neuropathy", "drug": "ethambutol" } ]

Treatment of carbimazole-induced agranulocytosis and sepsis with granulocyte colony stimulating factor.

[ { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "carbimazole" }, { "ade": "sepsis", "drug": "carbimazole" } ]

RESULTS: Brimonidine was observed to cause IOP elevation, confirmed on rechallenge, scoring 8 (strong probability) on an adverse drug reaction probability score.

[ { "ade": "IOP elevation", "drug": "Brimonidine" } ]

These cases indicate that sulpiride can cause tardive dyskinesia and that this drug should be administered with caution.

[ { "ade": "tardive dyskinesia", "drug": "sulpiride" } ]

In this case senna was likely the cause of a subacute cholestatic hepatitis exemplifying again the potential role of herbal related liver injury.

[ { "ade": "liver injury", "drug": "senna" }, { "ade": "subacute cholestatic hepatitis", "drug": "senna" } ]

Fatal pulmonary fibrosis induced by paclitaxel: a case report and review of the literature.

[ { "ade": "Fatal pulmonary fibrosis", "drug": "paclitaxel" } ]

Given that discontinuation of nitrofurantoin and introduction of methylprednisolon therapy significantly lowered liver enzyme levels, restoring most of them to normal, we concluded that this was probably the case of toxic liver damage caused by nitrofurantoin.

[ { "ade": "toxic liver damage", "drug": "nitrofurantoin" } ]

A 67-year-old man developed diarrhea shortly after a 10-day course of oral ampicillin.

[ { "ade": "diarrhea", "drug": "ampicillin" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: Itraconazole-induced liver injury presents with a cholestatic pattern of injury with damage to the interlobular bile ducts, possibly leading to ductopenia.

[ { "ade": "damage to the interlobular bile ducts", "drug": "Itraconazole" }, { "ade": "liver injury", "drug": "Itraconazole" }, { "ade": "ductopenia", "drug": "Itraconazole" }, { "ade": "cholestatic pattern of injury", "drug": "Itraconazole" } ]

Diphenhydramine-induced wide complex dysrhythmia responds to treatment with sodium bicarbonate.

[ { "ade": "dysrhythmia", "drug": "Diphenhydramine" } ]

Inadvertent and accidental epinephrine overdose might result in potentially lethal complications.

[ { "ade": "lethal complications", "drug": "epinephrine" } ]

Syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction associated with infliximab and leflunomide combination therapy in a child with psoriatic arthritis.

[ { "ade": "Syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "leflunomide" }, { "ade": "Syringotropic hypersensitivity reaction", "drug": "infliximab" } ]

The patient had recurrence of urticaria and angioedema a year and a half later, at which point the NPH was stopped and she was desensitized to regular insulin.

[ { "ade": "angioedema", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "urticaria", "drug": "insulin" }, { "ade": "angioedema", "drug": "NPH" }, { "ade": "urticaria", "drug": "NPH" } ]

The most likely cause of liver failure in this patient was, therefore, clarithromycin, which undergoes hepatic metabolism and has been reported to cause fulminant hepatic failure.

[ { "ade": "liver failure", "drug": "clarithromycin" }, { "ade": "fulminant hepatic failure", "drug": "clarithromycin" } ]

Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia in patients with ovarian carcinoma following long-term treatment with Treosulfan (= dihydroxybusulfan).

[ { "ade": "Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia", "drug": "Treosulfan" }, { "ade": "Acute non-lymphocytic leukemia", "drug": "dihydroxybusulfan" } ]

Dilated cardiomyopathy associated with chronic overuse of an adrenaline inhaler.

[ { "ade": "Dilated cardiomyopathy", "drug": "adrenaline" } ]

We report on 7 patients (2 women, 5 men) with chronic renal failure, who developed under a high dosage of the new diuretic muzolimine (range 240 to 1440 mg per day) fatal neuromyeloencephalopathy.

[ { "ade": "fatal neuromyeloencephalopathy", "drug": "muzolimine" } ]

Presentation of three palliative care patients who were given ketamine as an analgesic and subsequently developed significant and debilitating urological symptoms.

[ { "ade": "urological symptoms", "drug": "ketamine" } ]

RESULTS: We recently experienced a case of fatal erlotinib-induced ILD, diagnosed based on clinical and radiologic findings, which occurred in a patient with radiation fibrosis.

[ { "ade": "ILD", "drug": "erlotinib" } ]

In a series of 104 cases of intentional or inadvertent use of zidovudine at differing gestations in pregnancy, there were eight spontaneous first trimester abortions, eight therapeutic terminations, and eight cases of fetal abnormality occurring among a total of 88 cases where the pregnancy progressed.

[ { "ade": "first trimester abortions", "drug": "zidovudine" }, { "ade": "fetal abnormality", "drug": "zidovudine" } ]

Methotrexate (MTX) is a commonly used second line agent for RA, and there have been several recent reports of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated polyclonal B cell lymphoproliferative disorder in MTX-treated RA patients.

[ { "ade": "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated polyclonal B cell lymphoproliferative disorder", "drug": "Methotrexate" }, { "ade": "Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated polyclonal B cell lymphoproliferative disorder", "drug": "MTX" } ]

Recurrent hyponatremia associated with citalopram and mirtazapine.

[ { "ade": "Recurrent hyponatremia", "drug": "mirtazapine" }, { "ade": "Recurrent hyponatremia", "drug": "citalopram" } ]

Progressive hypoxemia mandated endotracheal intubation 1 week after rituximab administration and led to death 4 weeks after admission.

[ { "ade": "Progressive hypoxemia", "drug": "rituximab" } ]

We report here a rare case of ritodrine-hydrochloride-induced rhabdomyolysis in a pregnant patient with myotonic dystrophy.

[ { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "ritodrine-hydrochloride" } ]

Acute bilateral phrenic neuropathy following treatment with adalimumab.

[ { "ade": "Acute bilateral phrenic neuropathy", "drug": "adalimumab" } ]

Erythema multiforme associated with phenytoin and cranial radiation therapy: a report of three patients and review of the literature.

[ { "ade": "Erythema multiforme", "drug": "phenytoin" } ]

Perinatal vasoconstrictive renal insufficiency associated with maternal nimesulide use.

[ { "ade": "renal insufficiency", "drug": "nimesulide" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: Patients receiving intravitreal injections of bevacizumab should be evaluated for potential systemic risk factors such as carotid insufficiency, coagulopathy and poorly controlled diabetes mellitus.

[ { "ade": "carotid insufficiency", "drug": "bevacizumab" }, { "ade": "coagulopathy", "drug": "bevacizumab" }, { "ade": "poorly controlled diabetes mellitus", "drug": "bevacizumab" } ]

A case of allopurinol hypersensitivity, possibly the first in a black African, is reported.

[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity", "drug": "allopurinol" } ]

Our cases constitute the most severe cases of benzarone hepatotoxicity reported so far, and comprise the first cases of (sub)fulminant hepatitis and cirrhosis related to benzarone.

[ { "ade": "hepatotoxicity", "drug": "benzarone" }, { "ade": "cirrhosis", "drug": "benzarone" }, { "ade": "(sub)fulminant hepatitis", "drug": "benzarone" } ]

Suspected ciprofloxacin-induced interstitial nephritis.

[ { "ade": "interstitial nephritis", "drug": "ciprofloxacin" } ]

We report a case of torsade de pointes following a single oral dose of amiodarone (1400 mg or 30 mg kg-1) administered after short intravenous loading for prevention of paroxysmal atrial flutter.

[ { "ade": "torsade de pointes", "drug": "amiodarone" } ]

We describe a patient with idiopathic RLS who developed augmentation after 8 months of levodopa treatment.

[ { "ade": "augmentation", "drug": "levodopa" } ]

It is tempting to speculate that interferon alpha may be involved in the pathogenesis of lichen nitidus.

[ { "ade": "lichen nitidus", "drug": "interferon alpha" } ]

Corneal endothelial dysfunction associated with amantadine toxicity.

[ { "ade": "Corneal endothelial dysfunction", "drug": "amantadine" } ]

Rifampin-induced hypothyroidism without underlying thyroid disease.

[ { "ade": "hypothyroidism", "drug": "Rifampin" } ]

Allergic reaction to gemfibrozil manifesting as eosinophilic gastroenteritis.

[ { "ade": "eosinophilic gastroenteritis", "drug": "gemfibrozil" } ]

Ciprofloxacin is one drug that has been reported to cause interstitial nephritis.

[ { "ade": "interstitial nephritis", "drug": "Ciprofloxacin" } ]

Development of porphyria cutanea tarda after treatment with cyclophosphamide.

[ { "ade": "porphyria cutanea tarda", "drug": "cyclophosphamide" } ]

Severe hepatitis caused by cyproterone acetate.

[ { "ade": "Severe hepatitis", "drug": "cyproterone acetate" } ]

A patient with acute esophageal variceal bleeding developed fatal rhabdomyolysis during treatment with a continuous intravenous infusion of vasopressin.

[ { "ade": "fatal rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "vasopressin" } ]

Colchicine-induced rhabdomyolysis is a rare complication, and the postulated mechanisms and risk factors for this severe complication are discussed.

[ { "ade": "rhabdomyolysis", "drug": "Colchicine" } ]

We describe a 15-year-old female patient diagnosed with acute lymphoblastic leukemia presenting with status epilepticus after receiving intrathecal methotrexate.

[ { "ade": "acute lymphoblastic leukemia", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

To the best of our knowledge, corneoscleral melting in the first postoperative week after a single intraoperative application of mitomycin C has not been reported.

[ { "ade": "corneoscleral melting", "drug": "mitomycin C" } ]

Transient cardiac arrhythmias related to lopinavir/ritonavir in two patients with HIV infection.

[ { "ade": "Transient cardiac arrhythmias", "drug": "ritonavir" }, { "ade": "Transient cardiac arrhythmias", "drug": "lopinavir" } ]

We report the first case of a human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1)-infected individual receiving combination antiretroviral therapy, which included ritonavir, who developed Cushing syndrome with profound complications after epidural triamcinolone injections.

[ { "ade": "Cushing syndrome", "drug": "triamcinolone" } ]

We report a third case of a 6-week-old infant with Escherichia coli sepsis who received ampicillin and other antibiotics and subsequently developed TEN.

[ { "ade": "TEN", "drug": "ampicillin" } ]

BACKGROUND: To assess the nature, incidence, and risk factors of retinopathy associated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin combination therapy in chronic hepatitis C patients.

[ { "ade": "retinopathy", "drug": "ribavirin" }, { "ade": "retinopathy", "drug": "pegylated interferon" } ]

We report a 13 year-old male who developed life-threatening anaphylaxis early in the course of Increlex therapy.

[ { "ade": "anaphylaxis", "drug": "Increlex" } ]

Findings on discontinuation and rechallenge supported the assumption that the hair loss was a side effect of the paroxetine.

[ { "ade": "hair loss", "drug": "paroxetine" } ]

His impaired memory was found to be due to the atenolol he was on and he made a complete recovery on withdrawing the beta-blocker.

[ { "ade": "impaired memory", "drug": "atenolol" } ]

CONCLUSION: The results suggest that olanzapine may be useful in treating patients with clozapine-induced granulocytopenia without the risk of recurrence of hematologic side effects.

[ { "ade": "granulocytopenia", "drug": "clozapine" } ]

Use of the Naranjo probability scale indicated a highly probable relationship between the observed cardiac toxicity and amphotericin B deoxycholate therapy in this patient.

[ { "ade": "cardiac toxicity", "drug": "amphotericin B deoxycholate" } ]

CASE: We present an 11-year old male with Budd-Chiari syndrome who experienced profound worsening of chronic aphthous ulcers after immunosuppressive therapy was changed from tacrolimus to sirolimus.

[ { "ade": "worsening of chronic aphthous ulcers", "drug": "tacrolimus" }, { "ade": "worsening of chronic aphthous ulcers", "drug": "sirolimus" } ]

A case of propranolol overdose complicated by esophageal spasm preventing extrication of an orogastric lavage tube and relieved by intravenous glucagon is presented.

[ { "ade": "esophageal spasm", "drug": "propranolol" } ]

We report the development of squamous-cell carcinoma within a basal-cell epithelioma that was treated with intralesional injections of 5-FU.

[ { "ade": "squamous-cell carcinoma", "drug": "5-FU" } ]

BACKGROUND: Cyanamide, an aversive agent widely used in Japan, is known to induce various degrees of hepatic lesion with ground-glass inclusion bodies.

[ { "ade": "hepatic lesion with ground-glass inclusion bodies", "drug": "Cyanamide" } ]

Intravenous azithromycin-induced ototoxicity.

[ { "ade": "ototoxicity", "drug": "azithromycin" } ]

Diffusion-weighted MRI correlates of subacute methotrexate-related neurotoxicity.

[ { "ade": "neurotoxicity", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

Ethambutol is frequently used in the treatment of tuberculosis, and, although optic neuropathies have been reported with the use of ethambutol, this adverse side effect has been considered to be rare and generally reversible with discontinuation of the medication.

[ { "ade": "optic neuropathies", "drug": "Ethambutol" } ]

A twelve year-old-girl with idiopathic partial epilepsy with secondary generalization, developed acute psychosis 10 days after the administration of levetiracetam.

[ { "ade": "acute psychosis", "drug": "levetiracetam" } ]

Severe dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome.

[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity syndrome", "drug": "dapsone" } ]

A case of severe acute hepatitis caused by cyproterone acetate in a 71 year old man with prostatic carcinoma is reported with a review of the literature on hepatic reactions to this drug.

[ { "ade": "severe acute hepatitis", "drug": "cyproterone acetate" } ]

Two children with rheumatic fever developed anicteric hepatitis while on high-dose aspirin therapy.

[ { "ade": "anicteric hepatitis", "drug": "aspirin" } ]

We report here on a heretofore undescribed respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in a patient with a long-standing history of refractory CLL that was treated with fludarabine phosphate.

[ { "ade": "respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection", "drug": "fludarabine phosphate" } ]

Described here are 2 patients who developed thrombotic microangiopathy of the kidneys after receiving high cumulative doses of the new anticancer drug gemcitabine.

[ { "ade": "thrombotic microangiopathy", "drug": "gemcitabine" } ]

We describe a case of pneumonitis following local administration of methotrexate for nonsurgical termination of an ectopic pregnancy.

[ { "ade": "pneumonitis", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

Case report: dapsone hypersensitivity syndrome associated with treatment of the bite of a brown recluse spider.

[ { "ade": "hypersensitivity syndrome", "drug": "dapsone" } ]

5-fluorouracil (5-FU)-associated peripheral neuropathy is an uncommon event.

[ { "ade": "peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "5-fluorouracil" }, { "ade": "peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "5-FU" } ]

Paraplegia following prophylactic intrathecal cytosine arabinoside (Ara-C) is described in a patient with acute myelogenous leukemia in remission who received doses of 100 mg/m2/d for 5 consecutive days.

[ { "ade": "Paraplegia", "drug": "Ara-C" }, { "ade": "Paraplegia", "drug": "cytosine arabinoside" } ]

CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians treating elderly patients with olanzapine should be aware of the potential for rapidly developing hyperglycemia and monitor such patients accordingly.

[ { "ade": "hyperglycemia", "drug": "olanzapine" } ]

Both colchicine and statin therapy may be associated with myopathy, which usually occurs after several months of therapy.

[ { "ade": "myopathy", "drug": "colchicine" }, { "ade": "myopathy", "drug": "statin" } ]

After the dose of methylprednisolone was reduced from 40 mg to 20 mg i.v. q6h and shifted to other anti-asthma treatment by procaterol metered dose inhaler via spacer, the psychotic reaction disappeared a few hours later.

[ { "ade": "psychotic reaction", "drug": "methylprednisolone" } ]

Olanzapine-associated neuroleptic malignant syndrome.

[ { "ade": "neuroleptic malignant syndrome", "drug": "Olanzapine" } ]

A young patient experienced marked sinus tachycardia while smoking marijuana and receiving therapeutic doses of nortriptyline.

[ { "ade": "sinus tachycardia", "drug": "nortriptyline" } ]

We report the first case of tuberculous uveitis due to etanercept.

[ { "ade": "tuberculous uveitis", "drug": "etanercept" } ]

Celiac disease onset after pegylated interferon and ribavirin treatment of chronic hepatitis C.

[ { "ade": "Celiac disease", "drug": "ribavirin" }, { "ade": "Celiac disease", "drug": "pegylated interferon" } ]

Successful treatment with carbimazole of a hyperthyroid pregnancy with hepatic impairment after propylthiouracil administration: a case report.

[ { "ade": "hepatic impairment", "drug": "propylthiouracil" } ]

Dipyrone, also known as metamizole, is an analgesic and antipyretic drug that was banned by the United States Food and Drug Administration because of its association with agranulocytosis.

[ { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "metamizole" }, { "ade": "agranulocytosis", "drug": "Dipyrone" } ]

We describe a 57-year-old man with acral erythrocyanosis progressing to acute digital ischemia and gangrene that developed after combined chemotherapy (bleomycin and methotrexate) used to treat a metastatic squamous cell carcinoma of the hypopharynx.

[ { "ade": "gangrene", "drug": "bleomycin" }, { "ade": "acute digital ischemia", "drug": "bleomycin" }, { "ade": "gangrene", "drug": "methotrexate" }, { "ade": "acute digital ischemia", "drug": "methotrexate" } ]

A 65-year-old woman with angina pectoris presented with syncope after sublingual ingestion of isosorbide dinitrate (5 mg).

[ { "ade": "syncope", "drug": "isosorbide dinitrate" } ]

Camptocormia, a new side effect of sodium valproate.

[ { "ade": "Camptocormia", "drug": "sodium valproate" } ]

Disseminated muscular cysticercosis with myositis induced by praziquantel therapy.

[ { "ade": "myositis", "drug": "praziquantel" } ]

Cytarabine-induced cerebellar syndrome: case report and literature review.

[ { "ade": "cerebellar syndrome", "drug": "Cytarabine" } ]

RTA is one type of nephrotoxicity induced by FK506, and it is reversible in mild cases when appropriately treated.

[ { "ade": "RTA", "drug": "FK506" }, { "ade": "nephrotoxicity", "drug": "FK506" } ]

Correction of serum electrolyte imbalance prevents cardiac arrhythmia during amphotericin B administration.

[ { "ade": "cardiac arrhythmia", "drug": "amphotericin B" } ]

Our findings suggest that hyperkalemia can develop with the use of low-dose heparin, within seven days of initiating heparin therapy, and that patients with diabetes mellitus or chronic renal insufficiency are especially predisposed to this complication.

[ { "ade": "hyperkalemia", "drug": "heparin" } ]

A case of congestive heart failure in a child with Wilms' tumor treated Adriamycin is presented and discussed.

[ { "ade": "congestive heart failure", "drug": "Adriamycin" } ]

Pericardial hemorrhage due to acetylsalicylic acid in a patient with essential thrombocythemia.

[ { "ade": "Pericardial hemorrhage", "drug": "acetylsalicylic acid" } ]

To our knowledge, we describe the first reported case of isolated paresthesia and peripheral neuropathy, without systemic involvement, secondary to sulindac administration.

[ { "ade": "isolated paresthesia", "drug": "sulindac" }, { "ade": "peripheral neuropathy", "drug": "sulindac" } ]

Antibiotic-associated colitis (pseudomembranous colitis) developed in four patients with spinal cord injury and taking oral trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole.

[ { "ade": "pseudomembranous colitis", "drug": "trimethoprim" }, { "ade": "colitis", "drug": "trimethoprim" }, { "ade": "colitis", "drug": "sulfamethoxazole" }, { "ade": "pseudomembranous colitis", "drug": "sulfamethoxazole" } ]

Recognizing early signs of HMSN, such as areflexia and pes cavus deformity, can prevent severe neurotoxicity of polychemotherapy by avoiding vincristine.

[ { "ade": "severe neurotoxicity", "drug": "vincristine" } ]

Only two case reports of adults with allergic contact dermatitis to this chemical exist in the literature, and we describe three more cases of children with recalcitrant atopic dermatitis found to have potential allergic contact dermatitis to bisabolol- a component of the Aquaphor emollient they were using to treat their atopic dermatitis.

[ { "ade": "allergic contact dermatitis", "drug": "bisabolol" } ]

Only a few reports of overt jaundice are associated with streptokinase.

[ { "ade": "jaundice", "drug": "streptokinase" } ]

Traumatic late flap dehiscence and Enterobacter keratitis following LASIK.

[ { "ade": "Traumatic late flap dehiscence", "drug": "LASIK" }, { "ade": "Enterobacter keratitis", "drug": "LASIK" } ]

The patient was positive for antibody against complexes of heparin and platelet factor 4, and was diagnosed as heparin-induced thrombocytopenia with thrombosis syndrome (HITTS).

[ { "ade": "thrombosis syndrome", "drug": "heparin" }, { "ade": "thrombocytopenia", "drug": "heparin" } ]