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Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "45 Wash. App. 175, 180",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state's consumer protection act because \"[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital's business, such as billing, were not implicated\"",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "45 Wash. App. 175, 180",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state's consumer protection act because \"[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital's business, such as billing, were not implicated\"",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67",
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "45 Wash. App. 175, 180",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "45 Wash. App. 175, 180",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "45 Wash. App. 175, 180",
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "118 Wash. 2d 451, 465",
"parenthetical": "adopting \"entrepreneurial\" test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "adopting \"entrepreneurial\" test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "50 Wash. App. 822, 827",
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state's consumer protection act because \"[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital's business, such as billing, were not implicated\"",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state's consumer protection act because \"[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital's business, such as billing, were not implicated\"",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state's consumer protection act because \"[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital's business, such as billing, were not implicated\"",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67",
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "118 Wash. 2d 451, 465",
"parenthetical": "adopting \"entrepreneurial\" test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "adopting \"entrepreneurial\" test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "50 Wash. App. 822, 827",
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state's consumer protection act because \"[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital's business, such as billing, were not implicated\"",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state's consumer protection act because \"[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital's business, such as billing, were not implicated\"",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state's consumer protection act because \"[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital's business, such as billing, were not implicated\"",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67",
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | a |
Other jurisdictions have reached a similar result with respect to the medical profession. The Washington Court of Appeals has held that although the entrepreneurial or commercial aspects of the practice of medicine are covered as "trade or commerce" under that state's consumer protection act, violations predicated on negligence or malpractice, whether legal or medical, are not covered because those claims address only competence. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital's operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state's consumer protection act",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that claims that relate to \"actual competence of the medical practitioner\" are not recognized under state's consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient",
"sentence": "See Quimby v. Fine, 45 Wash. App. 175, 180, 724 P.2d 403 (1986) (holding that claims that relate to “actual competence of the medical practitioner” are not recognized under state’s consumer protection act, but claims implicating entrepreneurial aspects of practice of medicine may be sufficient), rev. denied, 107 Wash. 2d 1032 (1987); see also Ikuno v. Yip, 912 F.2d 306, 312 (9th Cir. 1990) (applying Washington law, Court of Appeals concluded that “Washington has recognized that both the practice of law and medicine may give rise to [consumer protection act] claims. . . . These may arise, however, only when the actions at issue are chiefly concerned with ‘entrepreneurial’ aspects of practice, such as the solicitation of business and billing practices, as opposed to claims directed at the ‘competence of and strategy’ employed by the . . . [defendant].” [Citations omitted.]); Eriks v. Denver, 118 Wash. 2d 451, 465, 824 P.2d 1207 (1992) (adopting “entrepreneurial” test from Quimby and applying it in legal malpractice setting); Jaramillo v. Morris, 50 Wash. App. 822, 827, 750 P.2d 1301 (relying on Quimby and holding that negligence claims against hospital were not cognizable under state’s consumer protection act because “[t]he entrepreneurial aspects of the hospital’s business, such as billing, were not implicated”), rev. denied, 110 Wash. 2d 1040 (1988); Burnet v. Spokane Ambulance, 54 Wash. App. 162, 166-67, 772 P.2d 1027 (relying on Quimby and Jaramillo in holding that negligence claims asserted against hospital did not include entrepreneurial aspect of hospital’s operations, so that claims fell outside reach of state’s consumer protection act), rev. denied, 113 Wash. 2d 1005 (1989)."
} | 205,264 | b |
In this circuit, the excuse given for the late filing is given the more weight than the other Pioneer factors. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "391 F.3d 411, 416",
"parenthetical": "discussing excusable neglect in the context of Fed. R. App. P. 4(a",
"sentence": "Williams v. KFC Nat'l Mgmt. Co., 391 F.3d 411, 416 (2d Cir.2004) (discussing excusable neglect in the context of Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)). The Second Circuit has taken a “hard line” approach in applying the Pioneer standard."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "507 U.S. 398, 398",
"parenthetical": "giving \"little weight to the fact that the counsel was experiencing upheaval in his law practice at the time of the bar date\"",
"sentence": "See also Pioneer, 507 U.S. at 398, 113 S.Ct. 1489 (giving “little weight to the fact that the counsel was experiencing upheaval in his law practice at the time of the bar date”); Canfield, 127 F.3d at 251; In re Dana Corp., No. 06-10354(BRL), 2008 WL 2885901, at *5 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y. July 23, 2008) (“[O]ffice mix-ups, clerical mistakes, and failure to follow office procedures do not generally constitute excusable neglect.”)."
} | 3,770,138 | a |
In this circuit, the excuse given for the late filing is given the more weight than the other Pioneer factors. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "giving \"little weight to the fact that the counsel was experiencing upheaval in his law practice at the time of the bar date\"",
"sentence": "See also Pioneer, 507 U.S. at 398, 113 S.Ct. 1489 (giving “little weight to the fact that the counsel was experiencing upheaval in his law practice at the time of the bar date”); Canfield, 127 F.3d at 251; In re Dana Corp., No. 06-10354(BRL), 2008 WL 2885901, at *5 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y. July 23, 2008) (“[O]ffice mix-ups, clerical mistakes, and failure to follow office procedures do not generally constitute excusable neglect.”)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "391 F.3d 411, 416",
"parenthetical": "discussing excusable neglect in the context of Fed. R. App. P. 4(a",
"sentence": "Williams v. KFC Nat'l Mgmt. Co., 391 F.3d 411, 416 (2d Cir.2004) (discussing excusable neglect in the context of Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)). The Second Circuit has taken a “hard line” approach in applying the Pioneer standard."
} | 3,770,138 | b |
In this circuit, the excuse given for the late filing is given the more weight than the other Pioneer factors. | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "391 F.3d 411, 416",
"parenthetical": "discussing excusable neglect in the context of Fed. R. App. P. 4(a",
"sentence": "Williams v. KFC Nat'l Mgmt. Co., 391 F.3d 411, 416 (2d Cir.2004) (discussing excusable neglect in the context of Fed. R. App. P. 4(a)). The Second Circuit has taken a “hard line” approach in applying the Pioneer standard."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "2008 WL 2885901, at *5",
"parenthetical": "\"[O]ffice mix-ups, clerical mistakes, and failure to follow office procedures do not generally constitute excusable neglect.\"",
"sentence": "See also Pioneer, 507 U.S. at 398, 113 S.Ct. 1489 (giving “little weight to the fact that the counsel was experiencing upheaval in his law practice at the time of the bar date”); Canfield, 127 F.3d at 251; In re Dana Corp., No. 06-10354(BRL), 2008 WL 2885901, at *5 (Bankr.S.D.N.Y. July 23, 2008) (“[O]ffice mix-ups, clerical mistakes, and failure to follow office procedures do not generally constitute excusable neglect.”)."
} | 3,770,138 | a |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. SS 707(b",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright",
"sentence": "See also In re Lane, 394 B.R. 248 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2008) (Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright); In re Young, 392 B.R. 6 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (same); In re Hayes, 376 B.R. 55 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property); In re Hartwick, 359 B.R. 16 (Bankr.D.N.H.2007) (same)."
} | 5,895,440 | a |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. SS 707(b",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property",
"sentence": "See also In re Lane, 394 B.R. 248 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2008) (Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright); In re Young, 392 B.R. 6 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (same); In re Hayes, 376 B.R. 55 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property); In re Hartwick, 359 B.R. 16 (Bankr.D.N.H.2007) (same)."
} | 5,895,440 | a |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. SS 707(b",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | {
"signal": "but see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright",
"sentence": "But see In re Coffin, 396 B.R. 804 (Bankr.D.Me.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright)."
} | 5,895,440 | a |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. SS 707(b",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright",
"sentence": "See also In re Lane, 394 B.R. 248 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2008) (Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright); In re Young, 392 B.R. 6 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (same); In re Hayes, 376 B.R. 55 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property); In re Hartwick, 359 B.R. 16 (Bankr.D.N.H.2007) (same)."
} | 5,895,440 | a |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. SS 707(b",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property",
"sentence": "See also In re Lane, 394 B.R. 248 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2008) (Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright); In re Young, 392 B.R. 6 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (same); In re Hayes, 376 B.R. 55 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property); In re Hartwick, 359 B.R. 16 (Bankr.D.N.H.2007) (same)."
} | 5,895,440 | a |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. SS 707(b",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | {
"signal": "but see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright",
"sentence": "But see In re Coffin, 396 B.R. 804 (Bankr.D.Me.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright)."
} | 5,895,440 | a |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright",
"sentence": "See also In re Lane, 394 B.R. 248 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2008) (Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright); In re Young, 392 B.R. 6 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (same); In re Hayes, 376 B.R. 55 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property); In re Hartwick, 359 B.R. 16 (Bankr.D.N.H.2007) (same)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce \"current monthly income\" by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | 5,895,440 | b |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property",
"sentence": "See also In re Lane, 394 B.R. 248 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2008) (Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright); In re Young, 392 B.R. 6 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (same); In re Hayes, 376 B.R. 55 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property); In re Hartwick, 359 B.R. 16 (Bankr.D.N.H.2007) (same)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce \"current monthly income\" by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | 5,895,440 | b |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "but see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright",
"sentence": "But see In re Coffin, 396 B.R. 804 (Bankr.D.Me.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce \"current monthly income\" by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property",
"sentence": "See In re Mati, 390 B.R. 11 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to ownership expense for vehicle owned outright under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I)); In re Phillips, 382 B.R. 153 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor is entitled to standard housing deduction under 11 U.S.C. § 707(b) (2) (A) (ii) (I) even though her monthly rent was less than standard deduction); In re Guerriero, 383 B.R. 841 (Bankr.D.Mass.2008)(Chapter 7 debtors are allowed to reduce “current monthly income” by amount of payments to mortgagee where they have indicated their intention to surrender property)."
} | 5,895,440 | b |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright",
"sentence": "See also In re Lane, 394 B.R. 248 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2008) (Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright); In re Young, 392 B.R. 6 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (same); In re Hayes, 376 B.R. 55 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property); In re Hartwick, 359 B.R. 16 (Bankr.D.N.H.2007) (same)."
} | {
"signal": "but see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright",
"sentence": "But see In re Coffin, 396 B.R. 804 (Bankr.D.Me.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright)."
} | 5,895,440 | a |
This Court is persuaded by the reasoning of the court in Burbank. The holding in Burbank is consistent with earlier decisions examining means test deductions in both Chapter 13 and Chapter 7 cases and reflects this Court's view that the expense side of the disposable income equation is not susceptible to the realistic approach. | {
"signal": "but see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright",
"sentence": "But see In re Coffin, 396 B.R. 804 (Bankr.D.Me.2008) (Chapter 13 debtor was not entitled to deduct phantom ownership expenses for vehicles owned outright)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property",
"sentence": "See also In re Lane, 394 B.R. 248 (Bankr.D.Mass. 2008) (Chapter 13 debtor may claim phan tom ownership expense on vehicle owned outright); In re Young, 392 B.R. 6 (Bankr. D.Mass.2008) (same); In re Hayes, 376 B.R. 55 (Bankr.D.Mass.2007) (Chapter 7 debtors were entitled to deduct from their current monthly income the monthly average of the mortgage payments which they were contractually obligated to make on date petition was filed over the next 60 months, without regard to whether they intended to surrender the mortgaged property); In re Hartwick, 359 B.R. 16 (Bankr.D.N.H.2007) (same)."
} | 5,895,440 | b |
[IT 23] Federal courts have held that the public safety exception applies to law enforcement questioning related to the location of a gassing generator or other methamphetamine manufacturing equipment. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30",
"parenthetical": "holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the \"protective sweep\" exception to Miranda",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Noonan, 745 F.3d 934, 938 (8th Cir.2014) (holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a “one pot” was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals); United States v. King, 182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91 (3d Cir.2006) (holding that officers’ pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception); see also State v. Bilynsky, 2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30, 932 A.2d 1169 (holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the “protective sweep” exception to Miranda)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "745 F.3d 934, 938",
"parenthetical": "holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a \"one pot\" was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Noonan, 745 F.3d 934, 938 (8th Cir.2014) (holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a “one pot” was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals); United States v. King, 182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91 (3d Cir.2006) (holding that officers’ pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception); see also State v. Bilynsky, 2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30, 932 A.2d 1169 (holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the “protective sweep” exception to Miranda)."
} | 6,776,081 | b |
[IT 23] Federal courts have held that the public safety exception applies to law enforcement questioning related to the location of a gassing generator or other methamphetamine manufacturing equipment. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the \"protective sweep\" exception to Miranda",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Noonan, 745 F.3d 934, 938 (8th Cir.2014) (holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a “one pot” was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals); United States v. King, 182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91 (3d Cir.2006) (holding that officers’ pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception); see also State v. Bilynsky, 2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30, 932 A.2d 1169 (holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the “protective sweep” exception to Miranda)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "745 F.3d 934, 938",
"parenthetical": "holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a \"one pot\" was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Noonan, 745 F.3d 934, 938 (8th Cir.2014) (holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a “one pot” was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals); United States v. King, 182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91 (3d Cir.2006) (holding that officers’ pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception); see also State v. Bilynsky, 2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30, 932 A.2d 1169 (holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the “protective sweep” exception to Miranda)."
} | 6,776,081 | b |
[IT 23] Federal courts have held that the public safety exception applies to law enforcement questioning related to the location of a gassing generator or other methamphetamine manufacturing equipment. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91",
"parenthetical": "holding that officers' pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Noonan, 745 F.3d 934, 938 (8th Cir.2014) (holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a “one pot” was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals); United States v. King, 182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91 (3d Cir.2006) (holding that officers’ pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception); see also State v. Bilynsky, 2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30, 932 A.2d 1169 (holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the “protective sweep” exception to Miranda)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30",
"parenthetical": "holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the \"protective sweep\" exception to Miranda",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Noonan, 745 F.3d 934, 938 (8th Cir.2014) (holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a “one pot” was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals); United States v. King, 182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91 (3d Cir.2006) (holding that officers’ pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception); see also State v. Bilynsky, 2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30, 932 A.2d 1169 (holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the “protective sweep” exception to Miranda)."
} | 6,776,081 | a |
[IT 23] Federal courts have held that the public safety exception applies to law enforcement questioning related to the location of a gassing generator or other methamphetamine manufacturing equipment. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the \"protective sweep\" exception to Miranda",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Noonan, 745 F.3d 934, 938 (8th Cir.2014) (holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a “one pot” was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals); United States v. King, 182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91 (3d Cir.2006) (holding that officers’ pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception); see also State v. Bilynsky, 2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30, 932 A.2d 1169 (holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the “protective sweep” exception to Miranda)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91",
"parenthetical": "holding that officers' pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Noonan, 745 F.3d 934, 938 (8th Cir.2014) (holding that the public safety exception applied when a deputy had probable cause to believe that a stopped driver was a methamphetamine manufacturer and the officer asked if a “one pot” was in the car to avoid being sprayed with toxic chemicals); United States v. King, 182 Fed.Appx. 88, 91 (3d Cir.2006) (holding that officers’ pre-Mi-randa questions concerning active methamphetamine production were within the public safety exception); see also State v. Bilynsky, 2007 ME 107, ¶¶ 29-30, 932 A.2d 1169 (holding that questions about the location of a gassing generator and other equipment related to the production of methamph'etamine fall within the “protective sweep” exception to Miranda)."
} | 6,776,081 | b |
The sole basis for the government's argument appears to be that Finley's employer, not Finley, had a property interest in the phone and that Finley should have expected the employer to read the messages on the phone after he returned it to the employer. But a property interest in the item searched is only one factor in the analysis, and lack thereof is not dispositive. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "140 F.3d 615, 615",
"parenthetical": "\"[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... \"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364, 368, 88 S.Ct. 2120, 20 L.Ed.2d 1154 (1968) (“[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.”); see also Cardoza-Hinojosa, 140 F.3d at 615 (“[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... ”)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "392 U.S. 364, 368",
"parenthetical": "\"[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364, 368, 88 S.Ct. 2120, 20 L.Ed.2d 1154 (1968) (“[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.”); see also Cardoza-Hinojosa, 140 F.3d at 615 (“[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... ”)."
} | 3,779,541 | b |
The sole basis for the government's argument appears to be that Finley's employer, not Finley, had a property interest in the phone and that Finley should have expected the employer to read the messages on the phone after he returned it to the employer. But a property interest in the item searched is only one factor in the analysis, and lack thereof is not dispositive. | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "\"[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364, 368, 88 S.Ct. 2120, 20 L.Ed.2d 1154 (1968) (“[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.”); see also Cardoza-Hinojosa, 140 F.3d at 615 (“[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... ”)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "140 F.3d 615, 615",
"parenthetical": "\"[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... \"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364, 368, 88 S.Ct. 2120, 20 L.Ed.2d 1154 (1968) (“[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.”); see also Cardoza-Hinojosa, 140 F.3d at 615 (“[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... ”)."
} | 3,779,541 | a |
The sole basis for the government's argument appears to be that Finley's employer, not Finley, had a property interest in the phone and that Finley should have expected the employer to read the messages on the phone after he returned it to the employer. But a property interest in the item searched is only one factor in the analysis, and lack thereof is not dispositive. | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": "140 F.3d 615, 615",
"parenthetical": "\"[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... \"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364, 368, 88 S.Ct. 2120, 20 L.Ed.2d 1154 (1968) (“[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.”); see also Cardoza-Hinojosa, 140 F.3d at 615 (“[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... ”)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "\"[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.\"",
"sentence": "See, e.g., Mancusi v. DeForte, 392 U.S. 364, 368, 88 S.Ct. 2120, 20 L.Ed.2d 1154 (1968) (“[C]apacity to claim the protection of the [Fourth] Amendment depends not upon a property right in the invaded place but upon whether the area was one in which there was a reasonable expectation of freedom from governmental intrusion.”); see also Cardoza-Hinojosa, 140 F.3d at 615 (“[N]o one of [the Ibarra] factors is necessarily decisive .... ”)."
} | 3,779,541 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Smith, 318 F.2d 94 (4th Cir.1963) (holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law). Courts have traditionally applied this standard for “similitude” in counterfeiting cases, including § 474 cases."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "159 F.2d 798, 802",
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "159 F.2d 798, 802",
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "806 F.2d 1463, 1470",
"parenthetical": "holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under SS 471",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "159 F.2d 798, 802",
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "801 F.2d 356, 360",
"parenthetical": "holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under SS 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "159 F.2d 798, 802",
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "479 F.2d 661, 664",
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "159 F.2d 798, 802",
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "159 F.2d 798, 802",
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "159 F.2d 798, 802",
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": "159 F.2d 798, 802",
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 F.2d 827, 829",
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a SS 472 conviction",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Smith, 318 F.2d 94 (4th Cir.1963) (holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law). Courts have traditionally applied this standard for “similitude” in counterfeiting cases, including § 474 cases."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "806 F.2d 1463, 1470",
"parenthetical": "holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under SS 471",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "801 F.2d 356, 360",
"parenthetical": "holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under SS 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "479 F.2d 661, 664",
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 F.2d 827, 829",
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a SS 472 conviction",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Smith, 318 F.2d 94 (4th Cir.1963) (holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law). Courts have traditionally applied this standard for “similitude” in counterfeiting cases, including § 474 cases."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "806 F.2d 1463, 1470",
"parenthetical": "holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under SS 471",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "801 F.2d 356, 360",
"parenthetical": "holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under SS 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "479 F.2d 661, 664",
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 F.2d 827, 829",
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a SS 472 conviction",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Smith, 318 F.2d 94 (4th Cir.1963) (holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law). Courts have traditionally applied this standard for “similitude” in counterfeiting cases, including § 474 cases."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "806 F.2d 1463, 1470",
"parenthetical": "holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under SS 471",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "801 F.2d 356, 360",
"parenthetical": "holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under SS 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "479 F.2d 661, 664",
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 F.2d 827, 829",
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a SS 472 conviction",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Smith, 318 F.2d 94 (4th Cir.1963) (holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law). Courts have traditionally applied this standard for “similitude” in counterfeiting cases, including § 474 cases."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "806 F.2d 1463, 1470",
"parenthetical": "holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under SS 471",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "801 F.2d 356, 360",
"parenthetical": "holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under SS 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "479 F.2d 661, 664",
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 F.2d 827, 829",
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a SS 472 conviction",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Smith, 318 F.2d 94 (4th Cir.1963) (holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law). Courts have traditionally applied this standard for “similitude” in counterfeiting cases, including § 474 cases."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "806 F.2d 1463, 1470",
"parenthetical": "holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under SS 471",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "801 F.2d 356, 360",
"parenthetical": "holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under SS 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "479 F.2d 661, 664",
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 F.2d 827, 829",
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a SS 472 conviction",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Smith, 318 F.2d 94 (4th Cir.1963) (holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law). Courts have traditionally applied this standard for “similitude” in counterfeiting cases, including § 474 cases."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "806 F.2d 1463, 1470",
"parenthetical": "holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under SS 471",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "801 F.2d 356, 360",
"parenthetical": "holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under SS 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "479 F.2d 661, 664",
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under SS 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "434 F.2d 827, 829",
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a SS 472 conviction",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | {
"signal": "see also",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law",
"sentence": "See also United States v. Smith, 318 F.2d 94 (4th Cir.1963) (holding that one-sided bogus bills with indistinct reverse duplicates of real bills were not counterfeit as a matter of law). Courts have traditionally applied this standard for “similitude” in counterfeiting cases, including § 474 cases."
} | 11,642,032 | a |
(Emphasis added). Harrod argues that "similitude" includes only items that "bear[ ] such a likeness or resemblance to any of the genuine obligations or securities issued under the authority of the United States as is calculated to deceive an honest, sensible and unsuspecting person of ordinary observation and care when dealing with a person supposed to be upright and honest." | {
"signal": "see",
"identifier": "806 F.2d 1463, 1470",
"parenthetical": "holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under SS 471",
"sentence": "See, e.g., United States v. Cantwell, 806 F.2d 1463, 1470 (10th Cir.1986) (holding that the district judge properly submitted to the jury the question of whether uncut bills were counterfeit under § 471); United States v. Hall, 801 F.2d 356, 360 (8th Cir.1986) (holding that defendant was not entitled to the similitude instruction under § 472 where facts indicated an overt attempt to pass an altered Federal Reserve note); United States v. Chodor, 479 F.2d 661, 664 (1st Cir.), cert. denied, 414 U.S. 912, 94 S.Ct. 254, 38 L.Ed.2d 151 (1973) (holding that bogus bills lacking serial numbers and a treasury seal sufficiently resembled real currency under § 474 to submit to the jury the counterfeit issue); United States v. Johnson, 434 F.2d 827, 829 (9th Cir.1970) (holding that one-sided photocopies of bills on pinkish paper did not sufficiently resemble actual currency to justify a § 472 conviction)."
} | {
"signal": "no signal",
"identifier": null,
"parenthetical": "upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. SS 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment",
"sentence": "United States v. Lustig, 159 F.2d 798, 802 (3d Cir.) (upholding conviction under 18 U.S.C. § 264 for possession of one-sided copies of bills and various counterfeiting equipment), cert. denied, 331 U.S. 853, 67 S.Ct. 1737, 91 L.Ed. 1861 (1947), order vacated on reh’g and cert. granted, 333 U.S. 835, 68 S.Ct. 601, 9 L.Ed. 1119 (1948), rev’d on other grounds, 338 U.S. 74, 69 S.Ct. 1372, 93 L.Ed. 1819 (1949)."
} | 11,642,032 | b |
Subsets and Splits