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msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_139912549#3_229762038 | Title: Efficient allocation of resources
Headings:
Efficient allocation of resources
Allocative efficiency
Productive efficiency
Content: There are no reasons to do anything better, or research new products. As soon as you do, everybody else would step in and copy. Wait and let somebody else do it. Consumer has no choice. There is just one unbranded product on the market. Some economies of scale always exist. Perfect competition is not competitive in the fullest sense of the word! Barriers to entry will always exist. Look at economies of scale. Some are always likely to exist. | http://www.sanandres.esc.edu.ar/secondary/economics%20packs/microeconomics/page_117.htm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_142045217#2_233214756 | Title: Proceeds of Crime - Sanders Criminal Law
Headings: Proceeds of Crime
Proceeds of Crime
Content: Penalties
The maximum penalty for Possession of the Proceeds of Crime of a value in excess of $5,000.00 is 10 years’ imprisonment. Where the value does not exceed $5,000.00, the maximum penalty is 2 years’ imprisonment. In the case of Laundering the Proceeds of Crime, the maximum penalty is 10 years’ imprisonment, regardless of the amount. That said, there are no minimum penalties for any of these offences and as a practical matter, the penalty you’re facing will be substantially less than the statutory maximums. Your personal circumstances, particularly a lack of prior record factor in considerably, as of course do the circumstances of the offence. In the case of a sentence of less than 2 years, the issue will usually be one of whether the sentence will consist of “real jail” or a conditional sentence consisting of “house arrest”. These sentences are available where the sentence to be imposed is less than 2 years, where the offender does not present a danger to the public and where the “the purposes and principles of sentencing can be met” by the imposition of a conditional sentence. The sentencing judge has a considerable discretion in deciding whether or not to grant a conditional sentence. Common Defences
The facts of these cases vary widely and it is difficult to generalize as to common defences. Suffice to say that if you are simply charged with Possession of Proceeds of Crime the Crown must prove not only that the property was obtained by crime, but that you had possession of it (knowledge, consent and control) and, if possession is proven, that you either knew it was the proceeds of crime or suspected that it was proceeds of crime and chose not to inquire. | http://www.sanderscriminallaw.com/what-i-defend/proceeds-of-crime |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_143206844#0_235562938 | Title: Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants - The San Diego Union-Tribune
Headings: Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants
Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants
Content: Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants - The San Diego Union-Tribune
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Health
Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants
By Halle Elbling
Sep. 25, 2012 12 PM PT
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Seaweed has been a staple in Asian diets since ancient times for good reason. Most types of seaweed are high in essential amino acids and packed with vitamins, minerals and antioxidants which are all good for your health. It is valuable in meatless diets since it is a good source of vegetable protein. Like most land vegetables, seaweed contains vitamins A (beta carotene) and C. It is also rich in potassium, iron, calcium, iodine and magnesium, which are minerals concentrated in seawater. Seaweed is also one of the few vegetable sources of vitamin B-12. Here is a list of different seaweed to try and preparation tips: Advertisement
• Nori – This seaweed is most often used as wrappers for making sushi rolls and comes packaged in sheets. Nutritionally, nori is rich in protein, full of omega-3 fatty acids and high in fiber. | http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/sdut-seaweed-provides-vitamins-minerals-and-2012sep25-story.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_143206844#1_235564706 | Title: Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants - The San Diego Union-Tribune
Headings: Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants
Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants
Content: Like most land vegetables, seaweed contains vitamins A (beta carotene) and C. It is also rich in potassium, iron, calcium, iodine and magnesium, which are minerals concentrated in seawater. Seaweed is also one of the few vegetable sources of vitamin B-12. Here is a list of different seaweed to try and preparation tips: Advertisement
• Nori – This seaweed is most often used as wrappers for making sushi rolls and comes packaged in sheets. Nutritionally, nori is rich in protein, full of omega-3 fatty acids and high in fiber. One sheet has as much fiber as a cup of raw spinach. Nori contains vitamins C, A, B-12 and taurine, a chemical that is a required building block of protein. For a fun snack, brush sesame oil on nori strips, toast in the oven at a low heat to make delicious sesame nori chips. • Dulse – This reddish seaweed, available in flakes, is great as seasoning on salads, vegetables and soups. Dulse contains protein, iron and sodium and is a good source for B vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, B-6 and B-12. | http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/sdut-seaweed-provides-vitamins-minerals-and-2012sep25-story.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_143206844#2_235566203 | Title: Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants - The San Diego Union-Tribune
Headings: Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants
Seaweed provides vitamins, minerals and antioxidants
Content: One sheet has as much fiber as a cup of raw spinach. Nori contains vitamins C, A, B-12 and taurine, a chemical that is a required building block of protein. For a fun snack, brush sesame oil on nori strips, toast in the oven at a low heat to make delicious sesame nori chips. • Dulse – This reddish seaweed, available in flakes, is great as seasoning on salads, vegetables and soups. Dulse contains protein, iron and sodium and is a good source for B vitamins such as riboflavin, niacin, B-6 and B-12. Try a dulse salad for lunch or dinner. In a bowl, tear 4 cups of watercress and 1 cup of dulse into pieces, sprinkle with 1 cup of crumbled goat cheese and dress with olive oil and lemon. • Arame – This brown stringy sweet-tasting seaweed is often found in health food stores or Asian markets and is usually purchased as dried strands that can be soaked in cold water for 5 minutes and made ready to use. Arame offers essential nutrients such as calcium, iron, zinc, manganese, folate, vitamins A and K and iodine. Because of its noodle-like texture, it works nicely in pasta dishes. | http://www.sandiegouniontribune.com/news/health/sdut-seaweed-provides-vitamins-minerals-and-2012sep25-story.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_148261260#0_243384351 | Title:
Headings:
Content: MICHAEL J. SATZ
Office of the State Attorney
Michael J. Satz, State Attorney
17th Judicial Circuit, Broward County FL
(954) 831-6955
HOME
MICHAEL J. SATZ
ABOUT
LOCATIONS
WITNESSES AND VICTIMS
E-SERVICE
EMPLOYMENT
About Michael J. Satz
Michael J. Satz, a native of Pennsylvania, is a graduate of Temple University and the University of Miami’s School of Law. Upon graduation from law school, Mr. Satz became a prosecutor for the 17th Judicial Circuit, Broward County. He quickly developed a reputation as a tough courtroom litigator specializing in the prosecution of homicide cases and other violent crimes. Mr. Satz was elected State Attorney for the 17th Judicial Circuit in November of 1976 and has been re-elected every four years since. He continues to regularly handle the prosecution of capital homicide cases and other serious crimes while now overseeing a staff of 511, including 215 Assistant State Attorneys. Throughout his tenure as State Attorney, Mr. Satz has responded to Broward County’s diverse crime problems by instituting specialized units within the State Attorney’s Office. He established a Career Criminal Unit, Sexual Battery/Child Abuse Unit, Domestic Violence Unit, Elderly Abuse Unit, Organized Crime/Gang Unit, Public Corruption Unit, Economic Crime Unit, Drug Trafficking Unit, Identity Theft and others to enhance the focus and expertise of prosecutors experienced in these specialized areas of the law and increase the public safety of the citizens that he serves. Mr. Satz also participated in the creation of Broward County’s nationally recognized Drug Court and Mental Health Court, as well as Habitual Offender Court, Domestic Violence Court and Veteran’s Court. He was one of the founders of Broward’s Sexual Assault Treatment Center. Under Mr. Satz’s direction, the State Attorney’s Office has established a dedicated response to the needs of victims of crimes. | http://www.sao17.state.fl.us/michael-j.-satz.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_151390664#11_248900099 | Title: Political Participation - Paul Sargent Makes History
Headings:
1. Factors associated with political ideology, efficacy, structural barriers, and demographics influence the nature and degree of political participation.
2. Political parties, interest groups, and social movements provide opportunities for participation and influence how people relate to government and policymakers.
3. The impact of federal policies on campaigning and electoral rules continues to be contested by both sides of the political spectrum.
4. The various forms of media provide citizens with political information and influence the ways in which they participate politically.
Content: The various forms of media provide citizens with political information and influence the ways in which they participate politically. Explain the media’s role as a linkage institution. Traditional news media, new communication technologies, and advances in social media have profoundly influenced how citizens routinely acquire political information, including new events, investigative journalism, election coverage, and political commentary. The media’s use of polling results to convey popular levels of trust and confidence in government can impact elections by turning such events into “horse races” based more on popularity and factors other than qualifications and platforms of candidates. Explain how increasingly diverse choices of media and communication outlets influence political institutions and behavior. Political participation is influenced by a variety of media coverage, analysis, and commentary on political events. The rapidly increasing demand for media and political communications outlets from an ideologically diverse audience have led debates over media bias and the impact of media ownership and partisan news sites. The nature of democratic debate and the level of political knowledge among citizens is impacted by: Increased media choices
Ideologically oriented programming
Consumer-driven media outlets and emerging technologies that reinforce existing beliefs
Uncertainty over the credibility of news sources and information | http://www.sargenotes.com/political-participation1.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_154733679#2_254174696 | Title: List of satellites in geostationary orbit
Headings: List of Satellites in Geostationary Orbit
List of Satellites in Geostationary Orbit
Content: to remember name. They are changed from time to time, for example if the satellite leased to a new customer or marketing people think of some new idea. Geo Orbit position is the longitude position around the geostationary orbit. The satellites are all approximately fixed in the sky above the equator. Negative orbit position numbers are degrees West from Greenwich meridian, like Spain, Portugal, Atlantic, West West Africa, Canada, USA, Central and South America. Positive numbers are degrees East, like Central Europe, East Africa, Middle East, Asia, China, Japan and Australia. Inclination: Some older satellite, whose north-south station-keeping fuel has run out are in inclined orbits. The inclination angle is shown. This means they move north-south across the equatorial plane on a daily basis, by plus or minus the amount shown. | http://www.satsig.net/sslist.htm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_157484019#0_259452573 | Title: Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
Headings: Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
The crunchy, ubiquitous vegetables taste a little like artichokes and are perfect salad fodder
Content: Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
The crunchy, ubiquitous vegetables taste a little like artichokes and are perfect salad fodder
By Farideh Sadeghin February 16, 2016
Food
Farideh Sadeghin
These canned vegetables have all kinds of uses Farideh Sadeghin
I always saw cans of them, sitting there on the shelves in the grocery store, staring back at me blankly. I never knew what people did with them. Pale and white, thick little batons. Let’s be real: They don’t look too appetizing or appealing. I’d managed to avoid them for much of my life, until I learned of a friend’s love of them and request for them at my house. I’m talking about hearts of palm—the inner core of palm trees. I had no idea what to do with them, but I was willing to give it a whirl. A quick search on our site pulled up some deep-fried goodies, which I’d have to try sometime. But what I found them used for quite often was in salads, and I liked that sound of that. | http://www.saveur.com/what-to-do-with-hearts-of-palm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_157484019#1_259453994 | Title: Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
Headings: Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
The crunchy, ubiquitous vegetables taste a little like artichokes and are perfect salad fodder
Content: I’d managed to avoid them for much of my life, until I learned of a friend’s love of them and request for them at my house. I’m talking about hearts of palm—the inner core of palm trees. I had no idea what to do with them, but I was willing to give it a whirl. A quick search on our site pulled up some deep-fried goodies, which I’d have to try sometime. But what I found them used for quite often was in salads, and I liked that sound of that. Light, healthy, a bit of mild flavor with a slight crunch, good for combining with all kinds of vegetables. Heart of palm salad Farideh Sadeghin
I was told hearts of palm taste similar to artichokes, and that wasn’t far off. They’re vegetal and nutty with a slightly creamy center. I sliced them up and tossed them with butterhead lettuce, avocado, and nuts, while a lemon vinaigrette brightened the entire dish. With a simple grilled chicken, this salad becomes a full meal, and one of my new favorites. | http://www.saveur.com/what-to-do-with-hearts-of-palm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_157484019#2_259455383 | Title: Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
Headings: Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
Give Canned Hearts of Palm a Chance
The crunchy, ubiquitous vegetables taste a little like artichokes and are perfect salad fodder
Content: Light, healthy, a bit of mild flavor with a slight crunch, good for combining with all kinds of vegetables. Heart of palm salad Farideh Sadeghin
I was told hearts of palm taste similar to artichokes, and that wasn’t far off. They’re vegetal and nutty with a slightly creamy center. I sliced them up and tossed them with butterhead lettuce, avocado, and nuts, while a lemon vinaigrette brightened the entire dish. With a simple grilled chicken, this salad becomes a full meal, and one of my new favorites. Though, to be perfectly honest, I’m also completely content eating them straight out of the can with nothing at all. Get the recipe for Heart of Palm Salad with Avocado » | http://www.saveur.com/what-to-do-with-hearts-of-palm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_167110131#6_279039580 | Title: System and Solution Architect/Engineering - Scaled Agile Framework
Headings: System and Solution Architect/Engineering
System and Solution Architect/Engineering
Find a Course:
Details
An Agile Approach to Designing and Building Systems
Responsibilities of System/Architect Engineering
System Architect/Engineering’s Participation in Large Value Streams
Responsibilities of Solution Architect/Engineering
Learn More
Content: Enable the Continuous Delivery Pipeline and DevOps – Making effective decisions in the face of changing or unknown needs requires Agile teams to receive fast feedback on the solution’s effectiveness. Architect/Engineering support this need by advocating for, and steering the development and improvement of, the Continuous Delivery Pipeline, as well as helping to enable Release on Demand. Embrace a Leadership role – Architect/Engineering are Lean-Agile Leaders who tend to operate more through influence than authority in a Lean enterprise. They have the greatest impact by teaching, mentoring, and helping improve the effectiveness of the Agile teams, rather than directly specifying the solution designs. And they contribute to the Vision and Roadmap in order to chart a course for the solution. Act as change agents – Architect/Engineering also acts on the human system that creates the technology to ensure greater agility and effectiveness. As Lean-Agile Leaders, Architect/Engineering ensure the organization operates effectively by participating as members of the Lean-Agile Center of Excellence (LACE). contributing to Value Stream Mapping workshops, and training and coaching engineers in achieving Technical Agility. Responsibilities of System/Architect Engineering
System Architect/Engineering are Lean-Agile Leaders who typically have the following responsibilities: Participate in planning, definition, and high-level design of the solution and exploration of solution alternatives
Enable the Continuous Delivery Pipeline through appropriate design guidelines and investment advocacy
Actively participate in the Continuous Exploration process as part of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline, especially with enabler Epics
Define subsystems and their interfaces, allocate responsibilities to subsystems, understand solution deployment, and communicate requirements for interactions with solution context
Work with customers, stakeholders, and suppliers to establish high-level solution intent, and the solution intent information models and documentation requirements
Establish critical NFRs for the solution and participate in the definition of others
Operate within an economic framework when analyzing the impact of design decisions
Work with portfolio stakeholders, notably the Enterprise Architect, to develop, analyze, split, and realize the implementation of enabler epics
Participate in Program Increment (PI) Planning and Pre- and Post-PI Planning, System and Solution Demos, and Inspect and Adapt (I&A) events
Define, explore, and support the implementation of enablers to evolve solution intent, working directly with Agile teams to implement them
Plan and develop the Architectural Runway in support of new business Features and Capabilities
Work with Product and Solution Management to determine the capacity allocation for enablement work
Support technology/engineering aspects of program and solution Kanbans
Provide oversight and foster Built-In Quality and Team and Technical Agility
System Architect/Engineering’s Participation in Large Value Streams
The above section highlights the role of System Architect/Engineering in the context of the ART. | http://www.scaledagileframework.com/system-and-solution-architect-engineering/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_167110131#7_279043440 | Title: System and Solution Architect/Engineering - Scaled Agile Framework
Headings: System and Solution Architect/Engineering
System and Solution Architect/Engineering
Find a Course:
Details
An Agile Approach to Designing and Building Systems
Responsibilities of System/Architect Engineering
System Architect/Engineering’s Participation in Large Value Streams
Responsibilities of Solution Architect/Engineering
Learn More
Content: Act as change agents – Architect/Engineering also acts on the human system that creates the technology to ensure greater agility and effectiveness. As Lean-Agile Leaders, Architect/Engineering ensure the organization operates effectively by participating as members of the Lean-Agile Center of Excellence (LACE). contributing to Value Stream Mapping workshops, and training and coaching engineers in achieving Technical Agility. Responsibilities of System/Architect Engineering
System Architect/Engineering are Lean-Agile Leaders who typically have the following responsibilities: Participate in planning, definition, and high-level design of the solution and exploration of solution alternatives
Enable the Continuous Delivery Pipeline through appropriate design guidelines and investment advocacy
Actively participate in the Continuous Exploration process as part of the Continuous Delivery Pipeline, especially with enabler Epics
Define subsystems and their interfaces, allocate responsibilities to subsystems, understand solution deployment, and communicate requirements for interactions with solution context
Work with customers, stakeholders, and suppliers to establish high-level solution intent, and the solution intent information models and documentation requirements
Establish critical NFRs for the solution and participate in the definition of others
Operate within an economic framework when analyzing the impact of design decisions
Work with portfolio stakeholders, notably the Enterprise Architect, to develop, analyze, split, and realize the implementation of enabler epics
Participate in Program Increment (PI) Planning and Pre- and Post-PI Planning, System and Solution Demos, and Inspect and Adapt (I&A) events
Define, explore, and support the implementation of enablers to evolve solution intent, working directly with Agile teams to implement them
Plan and develop the Architectural Runway in support of new business Features and Capabilities
Work with Product and Solution Management to determine the capacity allocation for enablement work
Support technology/engineering aspects of program and solution Kanbans
Provide oversight and foster Built-In Quality and Team and Technical Agility
System Architect/Engineering’s Participation in Large Value Streams
The above section highlights the role of System Architect/Engineering in the context of the ART. For Large Solutions that require multiple ARTs, System Architect/Engineering gains additional responsibilities that support alignment, including: Collaborate with Solution Architect/Engineering – System Architect/Engineering collaborate with Solution Architect/Engineering to ensure discrete solutions created by each ART and supplier fit into and support the larger capabilities and direction of the overall solution. This involves participation in Solution Backlog refinement and prioritization, defining enabler capabilities and NFRs, and assigning architectural responsibilities to the various components and subsystems. A description of the relationship between these roles and the role of the Enterprise Architect can be found in the Enterprise Architect article. Participate in Pre- and Post-PI Planning – System Architect/Engineering participates in the pre-PI planning event, working with the Solution Train stakeholders to define the architectural approach, capability roadmap, and high-level objectives for the upcoming PI planning. | http://www.scaledagileframework.com/system-and-solution-architect-engineering/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_168834325#0_282385663 | Title: How men can support women and Feminism | Scarleteen
Headings: How men can support women and Feminism
How men can support women and Feminism
Content: How men can support women and Feminism | Scarleteen
Blogs
Felix's blog
How men can support women and Feminism
How men can support women and Feminism
Share |
Recently, I've been talking about men and feminism a fair bit, and not just in what I write, but in other places online and in real life. This is pretty normal for me, but what's a bit interesting is that a lot of these conversations have been around the relationship of men to feminism and in particular, what role men can play in supporting feminism and women in general. A lot of this discussion has been about names; and in particular what you call a male identified person who supports and actively promotes feminism. ' Feminist' is the obvious answer, but this can be problematic because the word is SO strongly associated with women, and some feel that there personal, experiential aspects of feminism, along with male privilege (the numerous benefits and opportunities that biological men often enjoy solely on the basis of their sex - better average wages, less harassment, etc) think that is important for the term 'Feminist' to remain exclusive to female identifying people. Other people think that males SHOULD label themselves feminists, to better challenge the notion feminism is a concern only of women, and actively engage men in struggles for gender rights and equality. Just like UK comedian Bill Bailey is doing here. Some other terms that are used to describe men who identify with feminism are 'Allies,' a term which is used by people in many contexts (not just men) who advocate and support struggles around a particular issue, for example rights for sex workers, but, for whatever reason, do not identify with that community themselves. ' Male feminist' and 'pro-feminist' are also used, which include the term feminist, along with a caveat that creates a distinction with female feminists. This stuff with names and terms can seem kind of beside the point, but it all means quite a bit when it comes to how we think about gender, feminism, etc and this theory naturally informs personal politics and action in these areas. | http://www.scarleteen.com/blog/felix/2010/03/23/how_men_can_support_women_and_feminism |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_168834325#1_282388132 | Title: How men can support women and Feminism | Scarleteen
Headings: How men can support women and Feminism
How men can support women and Feminism
Content: Other people think that males SHOULD label themselves feminists, to better challenge the notion feminism is a concern only of women, and actively engage men in struggles for gender rights and equality. Just like UK comedian Bill Bailey is doing here. Some other terms that are used to describe men who identify with feminism are 'Allies,' a term which is used by people in many contexts (not just men) who advocate and support struggles around a particular issue, for example rights for sex workers, but, for whatever reason, do not identify with that community themselves. ' Male feminist' and 'pro-feminist' are also used, which include the term feminist, along with a caveat that creates a distinction with female feminists. This stuff with names and terms can seem kind of beside the point, but it all means quite a bit when it comes to how we think about gender, feminism, etc and this theory naturally informs personal politics and action in these areas. It's a personal choice though, and I don't think any of the above labels are more right or wrong than the others, it's about what you believe and what you feel comfortable with. Regardless of what you call it, there are many ways the actions and behaviours of male people can support women and promote gender equality. I'm only going to outline a few broad (and I think key) points, I'd be really interested to get your input and perspectives and experiences, (male and female) so please be vocal in the comments section. As a male, it's important to understand and realise that you have certain advantages and privileges purely on the basis of your biological sex. Individual men are privileged because, overwhelmingly in the world and throughout history, men as a group have been privileged; | http://www.scarleteen.com/blog/felix/2010/03/23/how_men_can_support_women_and_feminism |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_169222492#0_282911682 | Title: A History of the Telephone
Headings: A Brief History of the Telephone
A Brief History of the Telephone
Content: A History of the Telephone
A Brief History of the Telephone
The telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander Bell, a British immigrant in Boston, or, at least, it was Bell who installed the world's first commercial telephone service in 1877. Bell's "acoustic telegraph" was first demonstrated at the Centennial Exhibition in Philadelphia. Western Electric was founded in Cleveland (Ohio) in 1869 by serial inventor Elisha Gray and Enos Barton to manufacture electric components, mainly for the Western Union Telegraph Company. The company relocated to Chicago in 1872 and in 1876 Gray invented his own version of the telephone. In 1877 Thomas Edison developed a better telephone for Western Union. In 1878 Theodore Vail, hired as general manager of the American Bell Telephone Company, filed a lawsuit against Western Union over the patent of the telephone, obtaining Wester Union's technology (the one developed by Edison). From the very beginning Bell realized that it didn't make sense to sell telephones in pairs: one telephone needs to be connected to all other telephones in service. However his very first customers had to purchase a pair of phones and pay someone to physically lay the wires connecting the two homes. In january 1878 a telegraph office manager, George Coy, in New Haven (Connecticut) opened the first commercial telephone exchange with the first telephone "switchboard". | http://www.scaruffi.com/politics/telephon.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_170856914#0_286099953 | Title: SCD - Court Location Charleston, SC
Headings:
Charleston
Resident Judges
Driving Directions/Map
Content: SCD - Court Location Charleston, SC
Charleston
Charleston Federal Courthouse
85 Broad Street
Charleston, South Carolina 29401
J. Waties Waring Judicial Center
83 Meeting Street
Charleston, South Carolina 29401
Telephone: 843-579-1401
Fax: 843-579-1402
Business Hours: 8:30 a.m. to 4:30 p.m., Monday through Friday (excluding federal holidays)
Resident Judges
Driving Directions / Map
Resident Judges
The Honorable David C. Norton
United States District Judge
The Honorable Richard M. Gergel
United States District Judge
The Honorable Patrick Michael Duffy
Senior United States District Judge
The Honorable Mary Gordon Baker
United States Magistrate Judge
The Honorable Molly H. Cherry
United States Magistrate Judge
Driving Directions/Map
From the North: Take US Hwy 17 South over the Cooper River via the Arthur Ravenel Jr. Bridge. Take the Meeting Street exit. At the light, turn left onto Meeting Street. Go 2 miles and turn right onto Queen Street. The parking garage will be on your left. From the West: | http://www.scd.uscourts.gov/Court/Charleston.asp |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_173326901#2_291022933 | Title: Schisandra Tea Benefits
Headings:
Schisandra Tea for Better Health
Content: Patients who are depressed will notice their mood stabilizing. Those dealing with an excessive amount of stress will find that it is easier to deal with and takes less of a toll on the body. Schisandra berry tea can make you feel stronger and more energized. It also helps to increase mental focus, clarity and memory. Schisandra tea may even reduce physical exhaustion. Schisandra tea benefits many of the body’s systems, helping to increase their functionality and enhance balance throughout the body. Schisandra berry tea is believed to benefit the immune system, respiratory system, digestive system, central nervous system and reproductive system. Patients have reported that this tea makes it easier for them to sleep, increases their physical stamina, and makes it easier to focus and work on a variety of projects for longer periods of time. If you’re feeling generally under the weather or suffering from even mild depression, you may find that a regular dose of schisandra tea alleviates your problems. Schisandra berry tea can be made with 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried schisandra berries and 8 to 10 ounces of water. | http://www.schisandratea.com/Schisandra-Tea-Benefits/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_173326901#3_291024324 | Title: Schisandra Tea Benefits
Headings:
Schisandra Tea for Better Health
Content: Schisandra tea benefits many of the body’s systems, helping to increase their functionality and enhance balance throughout the body. Schisandra berry tea is believed to benefit the immune system, respiratory system, digestive system, central nervous system and reproductive system. Patients have reported that this tea makes it easier for them to sleep, increases their physical stamina, and makes it easier to focus and work on a variety of projects for longer periods of time. If you’re feeling generally under the weather or suffering from even mild depression, you may find that a regular dose of schisandra tea alleviates your problems. Schisandra berry tea can be made with 1 to 2 teaspoons of dried schisandra berries and 8 to 10 ounces of water. You can also use premade tea packets. Steep the tea for 20 to 30 minutes before drinking. For the best schisandra berry tea benefits, it’s recommended that you drink it about three times a day. Enjoy the tea in small doses of about 4 ounces. You can also use schisandra tea from time to time when you feel like you need an extra boost to your day. | http://www.schisandratea.com/Schisandra-Tea-Benefits/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_179041609#1_297262961 | Title: The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections | Scholars Strategy Network
Headings: The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections
The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections
Connect with the author
Lorraine C. Minnite
Content: Far fewer have been signed into law, but those put in place – such as rules that people have a certain kind of photo identification card available from specific government offices – are making it more difficult for many citizens to cast ballots, including longtime voters as well as new ones. In a democracy, reducing access to the ballot is difficult to justify. Political motives and strategies to discourage voting by particular groups such as racial minorities cannot be openly announced. That’s where the myth of criminal voters comes in – as proponents of new rules cite the supposed threat of votes fraudulently cast by foreigners, noncitizens, immigrants, felons, and imposters who supposedly travel around to vote in many precincts. Mythical threats that stoke social prejudices are used to make new restrictions seem reasonable. Fraud by Individual Voters is Almost Nonexistent
The earliest reliable studies of election fraud in the 1920s and 1930s found that individual voters almost never committed fraud on their own. Conspiracies by politicians or election officials were behind most violations. Voter registration laws were put in place to reduce such organized fraud. Today, social scientific research on fraud is difficult because there are no officially compiled national or state statistics. Researchers must painstakingly piece together evidence from news reports, court proceedings, law enforcement agencies, election officials, and interviews with experts and other sources. | http://www.scholarsstrategynetwork.org/brief/misleading-myth-voter-fraud-american-elections |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_179041609#2_297264962 | Title: The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections | Scholars Strategy Network
Headings: The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections
The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections
Connect with the author
Lorraine C. Minnite
Content: Fraud by Individual Voters is Almost Nonexistent
The earliest reliable studies of election fraud in the 1920s and 1930s found that individual voters almost never committed fraud on their own. Conspiracies by politicians or election officials were behind most violations. Voter registration laws were put in place to reduce such organized fraud. Today, social scientific research on fraud is difficult because there are no officially compiled national or state statistics. Researchers must painstakingly piece together evidence from news reports, court proceedings, law enforcement agencies, election officials, and interviews with experts and other sources. After ten years of such research, I found that intentional fraud by individual voters is exceedingly rare. Other investigations have reached the same conclusion. Replicating my methodology, 24 journalism students at twelve universities reviewed some 2,000 public records and identified just six cases of voter impersonation between 2000 and 2012. Under Republican President George W. Bush, the U.S. Justice Department searched for voter fraud. But in the first three years of the program, just 26 people were convicted or pled guilty to illegal registration or voting. | http://www.scholarsstrategynetwork.org/brief/misleading-myth-voter-fraud-american-elections |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_179041609#5_297270933 | Title: The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections | Scholars Strategy Network
Headings: The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections
The Misleading Myth of Voter Fraud in American Elections
Connect with the author
Lorraine C. Minnite
Content: Mistakes in a Confusing System are the Real Issue
When voter fraud accusations are tracked down to their specifics, irregularities almost always turn out to be simple mistakes by election officials or voters. In the contested 2004 Washington state gubernatorial election, a Superior Court judge ruled invalid just 25 ballots, constituting 0.0009 percent of the 2,812,675 cast. Many were absentee ballots mailed as double votes or in the names of deceased people, but the judge did not find all were fraudulently cast. When King County prosecutors charged seven defendants, the lawyer for one 83-year old woman said his client “simply did not know what to do with the absentee ballot after her husband of 63 years, Earl, passed away” just before the election, so she signed his name and mailed the ballot. A leaked report from the Milwaukee Police Department found that data entry errors, typographical errors, procedural missteps, misapplication of the rules, and the like accounted for almost all reported problems during the 2004 presidential election. When the South Carolina State Election Commission investigated a list of 207 allegedly fraudulent votes in the 2010 election, it found simple human errors in 95 percent of the cases the state’s highest law enforcement official had reported as fraud. A study by the Northeast Ohio Media Group of 625 reported voting irregularities in Ohio during the 2012 election found that nearly all cases forwarded to county prosecutors were caused by voter confusion or errors by poll workers. The Reforms We Really Need
Voters acting on their own have no rational cause to vote fraudulently. The odds of casting a deciding vote are miniscule and cheaters risk criminal prosecution under state laws on the books for decades. The costs of fraudulent voting are steep and the benefits practically non-existent. | http://www.scholarsstrategynetwork.org/brief/misleading-myth-voter-fraud-american-elections |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_179340875#1_297810040 | Title: Romanticism (late 1700s-mid 1800s) | Scholastic ART | Scholastic.com
Headings: Romanticism (late 1700s-mid 1800s)
Romanticism (late 1700s-mid 1800s)
from The New Book of Knowledge ®
Themes and Ideas
Romanticism in Art
Romanticism in Literature
Romanticism in Music
Content: These styles had been revived in the 1600's and 1700's as neoclassicism. Neoclassicists placed great importance on the power of reason as a way of discovering truth. That is why the neoclassical era is often called the Age of Reason. The romantics, in contrast, hoped to transform the world into a new Golden Age through the power of the imagination. Themes and Ideas
When the English poet and painter William Blake was asked whether he saw a round, shining ball of fire when the sun rose, he replied, "Oh no, no. I see an innumerable company of the heavenly host crying [single_quotation_mark,_left]Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty! [ single_quotation_mark,_right]" His response shows the importance the romantics placed on the imagination. For them, it was the quality that set artists apart from other people. It allowed them to express their emotions in their art. As exceptional individuals, artists were free to pursue their creativity, unrestrained by the demands of society. | http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3753923 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_179340875#2_297811502 | Title: Romanticism (late 1700s-mid 1800s) | Scholastic ART | Scholastic.com
Headings: Romanticism (late 1700s-mid 1800s)
Romanticism (late 1700s-mid 1800s)
from The New Book of Knowledge ®
Themes and Ideas
Romanticism in Art
Romanticism in Literature
Romanticism in Music
Content: I see an innumerable company of the heavenly host crying [single_quotation_mark,_left]Holy, holy, holy is the Lord God Almighty! [ single_quotation_mark,_right]" His response shows the importance the romantics placed on the imagination. For them, it was the quality that set artists apart from other people. It allowed them to express their emotions in their art. As exceptional individuals, artists were free to pursue their creativity, unrestrained by the demands of society. The romantics developed a deep love of nature. They thought it to be mainly good and kind, in contrast to the corruption of society. Many romantic works take nature for their theme or setting. The dark side of nature, such as storms and fire, also fascinated the romantics. Through nature, artists could escape from an unsatisfying present into a better world. | http://www.scholastic.com/browse/article.jsp?id=3753923 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_180466103#0_300117085 | Title: Massachusetts Bay Company | Scholastic
Headings: Massachusetts Bay Company
Massachusetts Bay Company
Content: Massachusetts Bay Company | Scholastic
Massachusetts Bay Company
The Massachusetts Bay Company was a joint stock trading company chartered by the English crown in 1629 to colonize a vast area in New England extending from 3 mi (4.8 km) miles north of the Merrimack River to 3 mi miles south of the Charles River. It was quickly taken over by a group of Puritans, under the leadership of John Winthrop, who wished to establish a religious community in the New World. The first colonists sailed from England in 1630 and established the Massachusetts Bay Colony, with its center at Boston. They were soon joined by other settlers, almost all Puritans; by 1640, 20,000 of them had settled in Boston and neighboring towns, and the colony was a thriving success. The Puritan leaders had carried the company's charter with them to New England; this action enabled them to govern themselves and meant that they would not be controlled by governors and stockholders in England. Bending the charter to their own purposes, the Puritans transformed the company into a religious commonwealth. Their ambition had been to establish an ideal Christian community — a "city on a hill," as Winthrop called it — with the eyes of England and the entire world on it. Winthrop was reelected governor, and a theocracy was in fact established. | http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/massachusetts-bay-company |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_180575783#0_300276401 | Title: Powers of the President | Scholastic
Headings: Powers of the President
Powers of the President
Content: Powers of the President | Scholastic
Powers of the President
The presidency has thrived because of the broad powers conferred on it by the Constitution. Some incumbents have interpreted these powers expansively, often with congressional and judicial acquiescence. The executive-power clause of Article II, Section 1, states merely that "The executive Power shall be vested in a President of the United States of America." The scope of this clause was disputed in George Washington's presidency when he promulgated (1793) his proclamation of neutrality in the French Revolutionary Wars. Rejecting the argument that the clause was merely a statement of fact, Washington agreed with Alexander Hamilton that it was a grant of power and that the direction of foreign policy is inherently an "executive" function residing in the presidency. A constitutional power to which presidents have given vast scope is the commander-in-chief power (Article II, Section 2). One of the freest interpretations of this power was exercised by Lincoln, who - after the Civil War erupted, and while Congress was not in session - called up 75,000 men and waged war for 12 weeks, relying on his independent authority. Lincoln claimed to possess the "war power," which, he said, combined the commander-in-chief power with the president's duty "to take care that the laws be faithfully executed." The commander-in-chief power has been cited to justify commitment of the armed forces to scores of short-term hostilities. A far more ambitious military intervention occurred in Vietnam. | http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/powers-president |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_180575783#10_300292562 | Title: Powers of the President | Scholastic
Headings: Powers of the President
Powers of the President
Content: Personality characteristics may, for example, cause a president to work very hard, but without being attuned to public sentiment. The strivings of these individuals may become so compulsive as to lead to the rigid - and futile - pursuit of a policy. Woodrow Wilson, for example, took an absolute stand on the League of Nations, rejecting compromises that might have saved much of his project in the Senate. How the president uses power may also depend on the president's own conception of the office. Some presidents, such as James Buchanan or William Howard Taft, have interpreted their powers narrowly, declining to act unless power was specifically granted in the Constitution or in statutes. At the other extreme are the presidents who, like Theodore Roosevelt, feel constrained in their "stewardship" only by what is expressly forbidden by the Constitution. The Current Issue of Executive Power. After the long, drawn-out, and eventually unpopular Vietnam War and the excesses of Watergate, the presidency passed into an era of criticism and reassessment. The office was seen to have become inordinately powerful and to be threatening civil liberties. It was viewed as having placed the political system in disequilibrium by drawing excessive power to the presidency at the expense of the other branches. | http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/article/powers-president |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_180761029#11_300726101 | Title: Teaching Poetry Through Rap | Scholastic
Headings: Teaching Poetry Through Rap
Lesson Plan
Teaching Poetry Through Rap
Students connect the structural similarities of poetry and rap music through rhythm, simile, and metaphor, as well as through thematic similarities, such as social commentary.
Teach This Lesson
Discovering Similarities Between Rap and Poetry
1. Rhythm Without Rhyme
4. Social Commentary
5. Symbolism, Personification, and More
Content: critiques the music industry’s corporatized nature, and the difficulty of gaining recognition. Does it dry up
like a raisin in the sun? Or fester like a sore--
And then run? Does it stink like rotten meat? Or crust and sugar over--
like a syrupy sweet? Maybe it just sags
like a heavy load. Or does it explode? Langston Hughes’ “A Dream Deferred” implicitly questions the result of postponing one’s aspirations, recognizing the moral, psychological, and emotional damage that stem from the crush of racism, and the too-distant prospect of racial integration. 5. Symbolism, Personification, and More
The similarities between poetry and rap continue in symbolism, personification, narratives, and more. | http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/lesson-plan/teaching-poetry-through-rap |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_180761029#12_300727498 | Title: Teaching Poetry Through Rap | Scholastic
Headings: Teaching Poetry Through Rap
Lesson Plan
Teaching Poetry Through Rap
Students connect the structural similarities of poetry and rap music through rhythm, simile, and metaphor, as well as through thematic similarities, such as social commentary.
Teach This Lesson
Discovering Similarities Between Rap and Poetry
1. Rhythm Without Rhyme
4. Social Commentary
5. Symbolism, Personification, and More
Content: Maybe it just sags
like a heavy load. Or does it explode? Langston Hughes’ “A Dream Deferred” implicitly questions the result of postponing one’s aspirations, recognizing the moral, psychological, and emotional damage that stem from the crush of racism, and the too-distant prospect of racial integration. 5. Symbolism, Personification, and More
The similarities between poetry and rap continue in symbolism, personification, narratives, and more. Their connections create an engaging and meaningful platform for the exploration of poetic devices and important themes. Students’ analyses of familiar rap songs foster deeper appreciation for the poetic structures rappers employ and creates enduring understandings of these techniques, while comparison of common themes in rap and poetry lends itself to a broader understanding of social issues and other themes. Philip Clark teaches 6th grade science at MS 584 in Brooklyn, NY, through Teach for America. He is a graduate of Vassar College and enjoys training for triathlons. He occasionally wishes he had a cat. | http://www.scholastic.com/teachers/lesson-plan/teaching-poetry-through-rap |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_182114202#2_303826905 | Title:
Headings:
Content: What can you tell a teacher that will help him do his job better? You might be surprised. While your child’s teacher is the expert in education, no one knows more about your child than you do. It’s just as important for parents to tell teachers about issues at home that may affect school performance as it is for teachers to report how children are doing in the classroom. Students do best when parents and teachers work together as partners. The start of a new school year is a great time to open a dialogue with your child’s teacher. Not sure where to start? Here are seven things teachers wish you would tell them. Sharing this information with a teacher will help her better understand your child’s needs and lay the groundwork for a cooperative relationship throughout the school year. Health conditions: | http://www.schoolfamily.com/school-family-articles/article/727-7-things-to-tell-the-teacher |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_182123050#3_303847696 | Title:
Headings:
Content: It creates a partnership that benefits the child. Good communication between home and school helps both the teachers and the school do their jobs better. And maintaining strong communication helps parents better understand teachers’ expectations for academic work and behavior. “ If academic assistance is necessary,” Young says, “strong communications can facilitate support from home.” If behavior issues arise, good communication can help deal with or eliminate the inappropriate behavior. Is communication between parents and teachers also beneficial for students? “Definitely!” says Young. Parents who communicate effectively with the teacher are able to support their child with whatever they’re learning. Plus, getting involved communicates respect for education and the value it adds to your child’s future. | http://www.schoolfamily.com/school-family-articles/article/728-talking-with-teachers-about-student-progress |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_182123050#4_303848813 | Title:
Headings:
Content: Is communication between parents and teachers also beneficial for students? “Definitely!” says Young. Parents who communicate effectively with the teacher are able to support their child with whatever they’re learning. Plus, getting involved communicates respect for education and the value it adds to your child’s future. Your child, meanwhile, understands that you’ll follow up and check on her progress and work. Supportive parents often find that teachers are willing to go above and beyond. Teachers might send home daily notes or provide regular progress reports, modified assignments, or special conference times to help a child succeed. In addition, Young adds, “Parents who communicate high expectations and value for education will have children who are eager to go to school, maintain good attendance, and work hard in school.” What are the most effective ways to establish open communication? | http://www.schoolfamily.com/school-family-articles/article/728-talking-with-teachers-about-student-progress |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_182184079#0_304003195 | Title: History of Schoolies Week
Headings: Schoolies History
Schoolies History
History of Schoolies Week
Content: History of Schoolies Week
Schoolies History
History of Schoolies Week
Schoolies first began at Broadbeach in the 1970s. Over the past four decades, Australian high school graduates have celebrated their graduation with a week-long party at a popular tourist destination. Known as 'Schoolies Week,' it is the most significant youth event in the national social calendar. Schoolies as a 'Rite of Passage'
Schoolies Week is considered by some as a cultural rite of passage in Australia, it is an in between phase or transition time in terms of social status. After graduating high school, young people can emerge into the adult world, beyond high school and into a life of their own design. Schoolies Week is a celebration to mark this event or transition. Schoolies Tradition
The most enduring Schoolies Week tradition is the first run down the beach and dive into the ocean after school is finished forever. That plunge of freedom is the essence of freedom Schoolies symbolises. Schoolies Destinations
Initially celebrated on Queensland's Gold Coast at Surfers Paradise, It expanded in the early 1990's to other Queensland destinations including the Sunshine Coast, notably Mooloolaba, Airlie Beach in the Whitsundays and Magnetic Island (off the coast of Townsville). In New South Wales destinations include Byron Bay, Coffs Harbor and Port Macquarie. | http://www.schoolies.org.au/history-of-schoolies-week.htm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_182184079#1_304004850 | Title: History of Schoolies Week
Headings: Schoolies History
Schoolies History
History of Schoolies Week
Content: Schoolies Week is a celebration to mark this event or transition. Schoolies Tradition
The most enduring Schoolies Week tradition is the first run down the beach and dive into the ocean after school is finished forever. That plunge of freedom is the essence of freedom Schoolies symbolises. Schoolies Destinations
Initially celebrated on Queensland's Gold Coast at Surfers Paradise, It expanded in the early 1990's to other Queensland destinations including the Sunshine Coast, notably Mooloolaba, Airlie Beach in the Whitsundays and Magnetic Island (off the coast of Townsville). In New South Wales destinations include Byron Bay, Coffs Harbor and Port Macquarie. In Victoria destinations include Lorne and Torquay. In South Australia, Victor Harbor is the only destination, being the second largest destination in Australia. In Western Australia Schoolies is referred to as Leaver's Week and destinations include Rottnest Island, Busselton and Dunsborough. Overseas, destinations that have gained popularity include Bali, Fiji and Vanuatu. Schoolies Terminology: | http://www.schoolies.org.au/history-of-schoolies-week.htm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_182184079#2_304006209 | Title: History of Schoolies Week
Headings: Schoolies History
Schoolies History
History of Schoolies Week
Content: In Victoria destinations include Lorne and Torquay. In South Australia, Victor Harbor is the only destination, being the second largest destination in Australia. In Western Australia Schoolies is referred to as Leaver's Week and destinations include Rottnest Island, Busselton and Dunsborough. Overseas, destinations that have gained popularity include Bali, Fiji and Vanuatu. Schoolies Terminology: Schoolies or Leavers are the graduating class of that year. The words associate with 'leaving' 'school'. Pre-Schoolies - school students celebrating prior to Schoolies in the school holidays between third and fourth (the final) term. The word associates with preschool, an educational program before the start of school in Australia - suggesting pre-schoolies are not yet schoolies. Foolies are younger kids, often locals attracted to the spectacle aged as young as 10 years old. | http://www.schoolies.org.au/history-of-schoolies-week.htm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_182184079#3_304007383 | Title: History of Schoolies Week
Headings: Schoolies History
Schoolies History
History of Schoolies Week
Content: Schoolies or Leavers are the graduating class of that year. The words associate with 'leaving' 'school'. Pre-Schoolies - school students celebrating prior to Schoolies in the school holidays between third and fourth (the final) term. The word associates with preschool, an educational program before the start of school in Australia - suggesting pre-schoolies are not yet schoolies. Foolies are younger kids, often locals attracted to the spectacle aged as young as 10 years old. The word associates to kids playing the fool. Toolies are older tourists and locals who in some cases have clashed violently with schoolies. The word associates with an Australian slang word 'tool' referring to someone as a tool is to say they are an idiot or unpopular. Also referred to as 'hangers on,' suggesting some former schoolies won't move on and realize it's not their party anymore. Volunteer Groups: | http://www.schoolies.org.au/history-of-schoolies-week.htm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_182184079#15_304025475 | Title: History of Schoolies Week
Headings: Schoolies History
Schoolies History
History of Schoolies Week
Content: A familiar tone has rung at many destinations Schoolies dominate in, questioning the benefit and community impact of Schoolies Week. Other community impact issues surrounding Schoolies Week include noise, litter, vandalism and damage to hotel and other property. Cults and Evangelists - Evangelist groups are drawn to the large assembly of young 'sinners' and they regularly harass schoolies. Suicide and other deaths - There has been approximately one schoolies related death each year over the past two decades. In some cases balcony falls. Calls to Ban Schoolies: From time to time, some media coverage resorts back to an overdone angle of 'Calls to Ban Schoolies.' The notion is quite ridiculous as Schoolies isn't an event that is hosted like a concert, but an Australian tradition. Schoolies Week is a long standing cultural tradition of young people in Australia that occurs regardless of any outside effort to be involved. Stated simply, Schoolies would party on even if everyone else i | http://www.schoolies.org.au/history-of-schoolies-week.htm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_185911872#9_311655622 | Title: Squashed Disc In Back
Headings: Suffering from Shooting Pain in your Lower Back?
Suffering from Shooting Pain in your Lower Back?
What is Sciatica?
Are You in Pain Most of Time?
Prescription Drugs… Alleviating Symptoms, but Causing Side Effects
Can Sciatica be Cured Naturally?
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Content: This vital component of many healing and religious rituals throughout India and the Middle East has been widely studied by aromatherapy practitioners for its benefits to pain sufferers. Plant chemicals found in frankincense resin helps reduce pain and inflammation by attaching to the enzymes that encourage the body to create the chemicals that build up and cause inflammatory pain [3,4,5]. When this herb slows down the enzymes, the inflammation is reduced [8,9] . Vitamin B Complex
is an important part of several supplements as it helps maintain a healthy body and immune system. Though B vitamins are available as part of a healthy diet, many people are found to be lacking in essential ones. Supplementing vitamins B1, B6 and B12 together has shown to help prevent back pain, reducing the amount of anti-inflammatory medications needed by sufferers [10,11]. B vitamins act on the neurological system, strengthening cellular structure, and, in turn, reducing inflammation. German Chamomile Flowers
have been used throughout Europe as a relaxant and stress reliever for many years [13]. Scientific studies show its properties protect cells from inflammation and mutation, as well as in reducing cholesterol. Anti-inflammatory properties found in one portion of the flower reduce the pain associated with the inflamed nerve cells responsible for sciatic pain [14]. | http://www.sciatol.com/k/squashed_disc_in_back.aspx?IDS=5247490&rf=relievesciatica.info%2fSciatic_Nerve_Pain_What_are_the_Symptoms_and_Causes.aspx |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_190485813#4_317936187 | Title: Economics: The Purpose Of Business | Science 2.0
Headings: Economics: The Purpose Of Business
Economics: The Purpose Of Business
Gerhard Adam
Content: Unfortunately too many businesses have fallen into the view that stockholders are more important than customers, so we see companies exploiting the very customers they depend on for their existence. It's as if they haven't realized that, even temporary success in this will inevitably lead to long-term failure. Another consequence to large companies is the sense of entitlement whereby they assume that their historical successes are destined to be future successes. As a result they often lack the vision of entrepreneurship and simply assume that they are part of the natural order of the world. Without naming specific industries, the current economic climate is filled with examples of companies that are clearly thinking of their own survival, rather than considering the longer-term consequences of their role in society. It would be difficult to expect companies to behave altruistically, therefore it is incumbent on the government and society to ensure that it doesn't prop up deficient industries while creating obstacles for their potential future replacements. What is clearly unsustainable is for companies to maintain the level of antagonism that exists between them and their customers. While much of this is currently supported by the government and the laws, it is inevitable that consumers will find ways to avoid subjecting themselves to such abuse, with the result that many companies are setting up an evolutionary path they may be unable to adapt to. Perhaps one explanation can be extended from Oliver Williamson's work on corporations and the cost of market transactions. In effect, the point is that often a business may be more efficient in absorbing outside goods/services to avoid the costs of having to negotiate transaction in the open market. | http://www.science20.com/gerhard_adam/economics_purpose_business |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_192041212#3_320481151 | Title: Health Educator | Science & Engineering Career
Headings: Health Educator
Health Educator
A health educator could...
Explore Our Science Videos
Paper Roller Coasters - Fun STEM Activity!
Make Fake Snow - Craft Your Science Project
Content: O*Net
Training, Other Qualifications
A bachelor's degree is generally required for entry-level health educator positions, but some employers prefer a bachelor's degree and some related experience gained through an internship or volunteer work. A master's degree may be required for some positions and is usually required for advancement. In addition, some employers may require candidates to be Certified Health Education Specialists. Education and Training
Entry-level health educator positions generally require a bachelor's degree in health education. Over 250 colleges and universities offer bachelor's programs in health education or a similarly titled major. These programs teach students the theories of health education and develop the skills necessary to implement health education programs. Courses in psychology, human development, and a foreign language are helpful, and experience gained through an internship or other volunteer opportunities can make graduates more appealing to employers. Graduate health education programs are often offered under titles such as community health education, school health education, or health promotion and lead to a Master of Arts, Master of Science, Master of Education, or a Master of Public Health degree. Many students pursue their master's in health education after majoring or working in another related field, such as nursing or psychology. A master's degree is required for most health educator positions in public health. | http://www.sciencebuddies.org/science-engineering-careers/health/health-educator |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_194067063#2_323345401 | Title: Where does the phosphorus come from? | Science Buzz
Headings: Where does the phosphorus come from?
Where does the phosphorus come from?
Phosphorus doesn't stay put
Phosphorus comes from many places
Changes in land use create changes in phosphorus
Content: We put it on grass to make it grow. We put it on golf courses to keep them green. It occurs naturally in sewage. But the phosphorus doesn't stay where we put it. It clings to the soil. And when the soil washes away, it carries phosphorus with it. The St. Croix River, especially Lake St. Croix, collects water from the entire basin, concentrating the phosphorus in one place. Phosphorus comes from many places
You might think that the biggest sources of phosphorus are the obvious ones—sewage treatment plants, chemical factories, and the like. But in fact, identifiable sources such as these contribute less than 20% of the phosphorus in the river. The rest comes from a wide array of diffuse sources. | http://www.sciencebuzz.org/where_does_the_phosphorus_come_from |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_194067063#3_323346559 | Title: Where does the phosphorus come from? | Science Buzz
Headings: Where does the phosphorus come from?
Where does the phosphorus come from?
Phosphorus doesn't stay put
Phosphorus comes from many places
Changes in land use create changes in phosphorus
Content: And when the soil washes away, it carries phosphorus with it. The St. Croix River, especially Lake St. Croix, collects water from the entire basin, concentrating the phosphorus in one place. Phosphorus comes from many places
You might think that the biggest sources of phosphorus are the obvious ones—sewage treatment plants, chemical factories, and the like. But in fact, identifiable sources such as these contribute less than 20% of the phosphorus in the river. The rest comes from a wide array of diffuse sources. Every lawn, every farm, every golf course that uses phosphorus contributes a little bit. But add all those little bits together, and they account for 80% of the problem. Learn more about how excess nutrients in the water cause problems in the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone". Changes in land use create changes in phosphorus
Since 1940, the amount of phosphorus in the St. Croix has risen dramatically. This coincides with two major changes in the way we use the land: | http://www.sciencebuzz.org/where_does_the_phosphorus_come_from |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_194067063#4_323348001 | Title: Where does the phosphorus come from? | Science Buzz
Headings: Where does the phosphorus come from?
Where does the phosphorus come from?
Phosphorus doesn't stay put
Phosphorus comes from many places
Changes in land use create changes in phosphorus
Content: Every lawn, every farm, every golf course that uses phosphorus contributes a little bit. But add all those little bits together, and they account for 80% of the problem. Learn more about how excess nutrients in the water cause problems in the Gulf of Mexico's "Dead Zone". Changes in land use create changes in phosphorus
Since 1940, the amount of phosphorus in the St. Croix has risen dramatically. This coincides with two major changes in the way we use the land: Farms started using phosphorus-enriched fertilizer to increase crop yields. Cities and towns have grown dramatically, creating more phosphorus-laden sewage. Newly paved streets and parking lots also produced more runoff, carrying phosphorus into the river. The population of the St. Croix basin is expected to increase by 25% in the next 20 years. This will only add to the phosphorus in the river, unless we start making some changes. | http://www.sciencebuzz.org/where_does_the_phosphorus_come_from |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_194585243#2_324300195 | Title: Antibiotics - humans, body, used, life, form, cells, effects, change
Headings: Antibiotics
Antibiotics
History of antibiotics
Words to Know
The search for other antibiotics
Resistance to antibiotics
Content: History of antibiotics
Sulfa drugs. Sulfa drugs, originally developed for use in the dye industry, were the first effective drugs used to fight bacterial infection in humans. Prontosil, the first sulfa drug, was discovered in 1935 by German chemist Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964). Also called sulfonamides (pronounced sul-FOHN-uh-midze), these drugs are synthesized (made) in the laboratory from a crystalline compound called sulfanilamide (pronounced sul-fuh-NILL-uh-mide). They work by blocking the growth and multiplication of bacteria and were initially effective against a broad range of bacteria. However, many strains of bacteria have developed a resistance to sulfa drugs. Resistance occurs when some bacteria survive attack by the antibacterial drug and change in such a way that they are no longer affected by the drug's action. Sulfa drugs are most commonly used today in the treatment of urinary tract infections. The drugs are usually taken by mouth, but other forms include creams that can be applied to burn wounds to prevent infection and ointments and drops used for eye infections. Words to Know
Antibacterial: | http://www.scienceclarified.com/Al-As/Antibiotics.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_202923275#10_333768467 | Title: Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks - ScienceDirect
Headings: Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks
Annals of Tourism Research
Article
Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks
Abstract
Résumé
Keywords
Mots-clé
References
Content: The same is likely true with opinion leaders involved in the "tourism in parks debate". This paper explores the concept and definition of tourism and, in particular, the perceptual boundaries between tourism and non-tourism activities in a national park setting. The paper examines the attitudes of opinion leaders from organizations involved in the political debate over tourism, but who are not in the tourism industry in the ANP. The author argues that tourism is not an absolute concept and, as such, the delineation point between tourism and non-tourism, or recreational activities, cannot be precisely determined. Instead, it is likely that the perceived differences between these activities occur at a series of points along a continuum. Opinion leaders' level of support for or opposition to tourism can be predicted by where they believe the transition occurs along this continuum. THE ALPINE NATIONAL PARK A contiguous Alpine National Park was declared by the Victoria state government in 1989, linking four smaller national parks that were proclaimed in the early 1980s. The ANP incorporates most of Victoria's alpine and subalpine area and contains important scenic, historic, recreational, and ecological values. The Victorian Alps themselves have a 150-year history of human use. Beginning with the summer grazing of cattle on the High Plains in the 1850s, the area has been used for agricultural, mining, forestry and hydroelec- tric development purposes, military uses, and intensive recreational use. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160738396000023 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_202923275#11_333770475 | Title: Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks - ScienceDirect
Headings: Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks
Annals of Tourism Research
Article
Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks
Abstract
Résumé
Keywords
Mots-clé
References
Content: Opinion leaders' level of support for or opposition to tourism can be predicted by where they believe the transition occurs along this continuum. THE ALPINE NATIONAL PARK A contiguous Alpine National Park was declared by the Victoria state government in 1989, linking four smaller national parks that were proclaimed in the early 1980s. The ANP incorporates most of Victoria's alpine and subalpine area and contains important scenic, historic, recreational, and ecological values. The Victorian Alps themselves have a 150-year history of human use. Beginning with the summer grazing of cattle on the High Plains in the 1850s, the area has been used for agricultural, mining, forestry and hydroelec- tric development purposes, military uses, and intensive recreational use. Their recreational potential was first noticed in the 1880s and visiting began in earnest in the 1890s with the establishment of BOB MCKERCHER 565 Victoria's first walking club. Since the 1920s, the area has been popular winter destination for skiing and a summer destination for bushwalking and horseback riding. In the 1970s, four-wheel driving enthusiasts discovered the Alps (Johnson 1974). To date, formal tourism superstructure has been kept outside the park. The area is well served by communities located in the foothills of the Alps and by four major Alpine Resort Ski Villages located above the snow line. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160738396000023 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_202923275#12_333772352 | Title: Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks - ScienceDirect
Headings: Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks
Annals of Tourism Research
Article
Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks
Abstract
Résumé
Keywords
Mots-clé
References
Content: Their recreational potential was first noticed in the 1880s and visiting began in earnest in the 1890s with the establishment of BOB MCKERCHER 565 Victoria's first walking club. Since the 1920s, the area has been popular winter destination for skiing and a summer destination for bushwalking and horseback riding. In the 1970s, four-wheel driving enthusiasts discovered the Alps (Johnson 1974). To date, formal tourism superstructure has been kept outside the park. The area is well served by communities located in the foothills of the Alps and by four major Alpine Resort Ski Villages located above the snow line. These villages, surrounded by, but excluded from the ANP, are managed under the development-oriented Alpine Resorts Act (1983). Collectively, they provide in excess of 10,000 beds of commercial and quasicommercial accommodation and attract over 1 million downhill skiers in a good snow year (Alpine Resorts Commission 1993). Recently, the Alpine Resorts Commission (ARC) has begun to promote summer use of the Alps. The management of the Alpine villages has been contentious for many years, as the ARC'S strong development orientation has led it into ongoing conflicts with the conservation movement. Recreation/Tourism Continuum It is widely accepted that tourism in a natural setting is most closely attuned to the leisure and recreation paradigm, with tourism being regarded as an extreme form of recreation (Leiper 1979; | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160738396000023 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_202923275#13_333774281 | Title: Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks - ScienceDirect
Headings: Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks
Annals of Tourism Research
Article
Differences between Tourism and Recreation in Parks
Abstract
Résumé
Keywords
Mots-clé
References
Content: These villages, surrounded by, but excluded from the ANP, are managed under the development-oriented Alpine Resorts Act (1983). Collectively, they provide in excess of 10,000 beds of commercial and quasicommercial accommodation and attract over 1 million downhill skiers in a good snow year (Alpine Resorts Commission 1993). Recently, the Alpine Resorts Commission (ARC) has begun to promote summer use of the Alps. The management of the Alpine villages has been contentious for many years, as the ARC'S strong development orientation has led it into ongoing conflicts with the conservation movement. Recreation/Tourism Continuum It is widely accepted that tourism in a natural setting is most closely attuned to the leisure and recreation paradigm, with tourism being regarded as an extreme form of recreation (Leiper 1979; Mathieson and Wall 1982; Murphy 1986). Therefore, it follows that at some point or series of points along a continuum, recreation ceases and tourism begins. A number of precis | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0160738396000023 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_215253115#4_341545593 | Title: Arsenic Through the Gastrointestinal Tract - ScienceDirect
Headings: 10
-
Arsenic Through the Gastrointestinal Tract
Handbook of Arsenic Toxicology
10 - Arsenic Through the Gastrointestinal Tract
Keywords
10.1. General Aspects
10.2. Arsenic in Foods: Household Processing and Toxicological Risk
10.3. Role of the Gut in Arsenic Toxicity: Bioavailability and Intestinal Health
10.3.1. Gastrointestinal Health
10.4. Arsenic-Induced Metabolic/Immune Toxicity
10.5. Conclusions and Future Perspectives
References
Content: however, there is still an open discussion ongoing on this matter because it has been demonstrated that trivalent mono- and dimethylated compounds [4] and thiolated intermediary metabolites have higher toxicity than iAs [5], [6], [7], [8]. In vitro studies have also evidenced the existence of a presystemic biomethylation of iAs by human intestinal epithelial cells [9] and human gut microbiota [10]. Adverse health effects have been widely described after iAs intake in chronic and acute studies, with the conclusion that As is a highly potent toxicant and carcinogen [11], even at low doses. iAs is classified by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) as a carcinogen to humans (Group I) associated also with increasing prevalence of skin lesions, cardiovascular and cerebrovascular pathologies, type 2 diabetes, respiratory illnesses, and neurobehavioral and developmental disorders [1]. 10.2. Arsenic in Foods: Household Processing and Toxicological Risk
Food and dietary habits constitute the most important source of As exposure for persons with limited exposure via drinking water [1]. Particular attention needs to be focused on infants during early stages of life. Moreover, persons suffering specific metabolic diseases that could affect As accumulation and metabolism, causing a potential major susceptibility to toxicity, deserve special consideration. Studies conducted in different countries to evaluate total dietary As have shown that in areas where there is no endemic As contamination, intakes between 8 and 345 μg/day can be reached [12]. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9780124186880000101 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_220277163#5_344690775 | Title: Assessing traumatic brain injury outcome measures for long-term follow-up of community-based individuals - ScienceDirect
Headings: Assessing traumatic brain injury outcome measures for long-term follow-up of community-based individuals
☆
,
☆☆
,
★
Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation
Articles
Assessing traumatic brain injury outcome measures for long-term follow-up of community-based individuals ☆, ☆☆, ★
Abstract
Keywords
Methods
Procedures
Outcome measures
FIM instrument
Functional assessment measure
Disability rating scale
Rancho los amigos scale of cognitive functioning
Glasgow outcome scale
Community integration questionnaire
Revised craig handicap assessment and reporting technique
Patient competency rating scale
Supervision rating scale
Neurobehavioral functioning inventory
Analysis
Results
Demographics of sample
Scale means
Ceiling effects
Correlational relationships between scales
Discussion
Limitations
Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Content: The clinician is now documenting both the short- and long-term effects of treatment not only for clinical purposes, but also for program evaluation, marketing, and accreditation. In the managed health care environment, functional assessment of patients in the rehabilitation setting may become the only means of justifying treatment effectiveness and, consequently, payment for rehabilitation. 1, 2
Today's movement toward offering programs that provide a continuum of care from injury through community integration presents quandaries for measuring function appropriate to the phase of recovery. 3, 4, 5 In addition to their being less sensitive as individuals return to the community, 5, 6 traditional inpatient measures may not be measuring the important functional goals for extended care. The measurement tools described and compared in the present study span assessment of activity and participation, which were formerly described as disability and handicap in the original International Classification of Impairment, Disability, and Handicap model.7 Activities are defined as physical and mental functions that are part of everyday routines: learning and understanding, communication, movement, activities of daily living (ADLs), personal care, and interpersonal (social) behaviors. Participation is defined as the nature and extent of a person's involvement in life situations. This definition includes a wide range of concepts from housework to employment, education, and leisure. 7 Participation encompasses the individual's role in the family and community, which is a focus point of nonresidential rehabilitation and long-term follow-up programs. The task of clinicians is to measure important functional performance of clients that will have significant implications for real life, while avoiding burdening the rehabilitation staff with extensive, redundant, or meaningless rating responsibilities. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0003999301477380 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_256399861#2_367949094 | Title: Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem - ScienceDirect
Headings: Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?
: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem
Biosystems
Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem
Abstract
Keywords
1. Introduction
2. The eye as a macroscopic apparatus and its possible role in resolving the measurement problem
3. Can Euglena collapse the wave function?
4. Proposed Ghirardi superposed photon-retinal tissue experiment
5. The “many worlds” interpretation of the measurement problem: can biophysics tell us something about quantum cosmology?
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Content: von Neumann (1932) advanced the theory that the possible states of a system can be characterized by state vectors, also known as wave functions, which change in two ways: continuously in a linear fashion as a result of a passage of time, as per Schrödinger's equation and, discontinuously if a measurement is carried out on the system ( Wigner, 1961, Shimony, 1963 ). This second type of discontinuous change, called the reduction of the state vector or collapse of the wave function, is unacceptable to many physicists. The measurement problem can then be posed as how and when does the wave function collapse or, how does a state reduction to one of the eigenstates of the measured observable occur. von Neumann (1932) was the first one to conceive this problem in terms of what is known as the ‘von Neumann chain’ ( Esfeld, 1999 ). He starts with a quantum object, an observable of which is to be measured. However, based on the formalism of quantum theory and the Schrödinger dynamics in particular, as a result of the interaction between the object and the measuring instrument, the object is entangled with the instrument. von Neumann extends this chain up to an observer but, if we take an observer into consideration, we simply end up with a description according to which the body of the observer, including his or her brain, is entangled with the instrument and the object. The measurement problem can then be further refined as to how it is that a state reduction to one of the eigenstates of the measured observable can occur in this chain ( Esfeld, 1999 ). von Neumann showed that as far as final results are concerned, you can cut the chain and insert a collapse anywhere you please ( Herbert, 1985 ). | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264705000237 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_256399861#3_367951892 | Title: Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem - ScienceDirect
Headings: Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?
: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem
Biosystems
Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem
Abstract
Keywords
1. Introduction
2. The eye as a macroscopic apparatus and its possible role in resolving the measurement problem
3. Can Euglena collapse the wave function?
4. Proposed Ghirardi superposed photon-retinal tissue experiment
5. The “many worlds” interpretation of the measurement problem: can biophysics tell us something about quantum cosmology?
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Content: He starts with a quantum object, an observable of which is to be measured. However, based on the formalism of quantum theory and the Schrödinger dynamics in particular, as a result of the interaction between the object and the measuring instrument, the object is entangled with the instrument. von Neumann extends this chain up to an observer but, if we take an observer into consideration, we simply end up with a description according to which the body of the observer, including his or her brain, is entangled with the instrument and the object. The measurement problem can then be further refined as to how it is that a state reduction to one of the eigenstates of the measured observable can occur in this chain ( Esfeld, 1999 ). von Neumann showed that as far as final results are concerned, you can cut the chain and insert a collapse anywhere you please ( Herbert, 1985 ). He felt that the process by which a physical signal in the brain becomes an experience in the human mind or human consciousness, is the site of the wave function collapse. London and Bauer (1939) have postulated that consciousness randomly selects one product state out of the superposition of product states, thereby effecting a state reduction. Wigner (1961) feels that consciousness or the mind, plays a more directly physical role, adding an extra term to the mathematical equations and hence, selecting one particular branch of the wave function and one particular result for the experiment, thus producing the effect that von Neumann called collapse. They feel therefore, that this is a subjective rather than an objective process. Like von Neumann and, London and Bauer before him, Wigner did not give many details to back up his idea ( Whitaker, 1996, p. 201; | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264705000237 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_256399861#5_367957208 | Title: Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem - ScienceDirect
Headings: Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?
: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem
Biosystems
Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem
Abstract
Keywords
1. Introduction
2. The eye as a macroscopic apparatus and its possible role in resolving the measurement problem
3. Can Euglena collapse the wave function?
4. Proposed Ghirardi superposed photon-retinal tissue experiment
5. The “many worlds” interpretation of the measurement problem: can biophysics tell us something about quantum cosmology?
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Content: Esfeld, 1999 ). Wigner readily concedes that we do not have at our disposal a description of how a state reduction is effected by consciousness. He goes on further to state, with remarkable candor that, “We are facing here the perennial question, whether we physicists do not go beyond our competence when searching for philosophical truth. I believe that we probably do” ( Wigner, 1963 ). He suggests that the dynamics of quantum theory has to be modified in such a way that events of state reduction by consciousness are taken into account ( Wigner, 1963 ). And, he further feels that the equations of motion of quantum mechanics cease to be linear, in fact they are grossly nonlinear if conscious beings enter the picture. Shimony (1963) feels that the conceptual problems of quantum mechanics will be resolved by discovering corrections to the physical theory itself, for example, by finding that the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is only an approximation to an exact nonlinear equation governing the evolution of the state of a system. If this proves to be true, then he advances the theory that the reduction of a superposition could perhaps occur when the microscopic system interacts with the macroscopic apparatus, and no appeal to the consciousness of an observer for this purpose would be required. In his later years Wigner changed his position to an exactly opposite viewpoint, in order to avoid solipsism and the role that consciousness plays, closely mirroring that postulated by Shimony ( Mehra, 1995, p. 593). Wigner considered it to be necessary to admit state reductions independently of an observer's consciousness, and makes a concrete suggestion for an amendment of the Schrödinger equation which is intended to describe a physical process of state reduction ( Mehra, 1995, pp. | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264705000237 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_256399861#6_367960096 | Title: Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem - ScienceDirect
Headings: Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?
: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem
Biosystems
Does consciousness really collapse the wave function?: A possible objective biophysical resolution of the measurement problem
Abstract
Keywords
1. Introduction
2. The eye as a macroscopic apparatus and its possible role in resolving the measurement problem
3. Can Euglena collapse the wave function?
4. Proposed Ghirardi superposed photon-retinal tissue experiment
5. The “many worlds” interpretation of the measurement problem: can biophysics tell us something about quantum cosmology?
6. Discussion
7. Conclusion
Acknowledgements
References
Content: And, he further feels that the equations of motion of quantum mechanics cease to be linear, in fact they are grossly nonlinear if conscious beings enter the picture. Shimony (1963) feels that the conceptual problems of quantum mechanics will be resolved by discovering corrections to the physical theory itself, for example, by finding that the time-dependent Schrödinger equation is only an approximation to an exact nonlinear equation governing the evolution of the state of a system. If this proves to be true, then he advances the theory that the reduction of a superposition could perhaps occur when the microscopic system interacts with the macroscopic apparatus, and no appeal to the consciousness of an observer for this purpose would be required. In his later years Wigner changed his position to an exactly opposite viewpoint, in order to avoid solipsism and the role that consciousness plays, closely mirroring that postulated by Shimony ( Mehra, 1995, p. 593). Wigner considered it to be necessary to admit state reductions independently of an observer's consciousness, and makes a concrete suggestion for an amendment of the Schrödinger equation which is intended to describe a physical process of state reduction ( Mehra, 1995, pp. 73, 230). A state reduction is now felt by Wigner to occur as an objective event in the physical realm before the von Neumann chain reaches the consciousness of an observer ( Mehra, 1995, pp. 75–77, 242–243; Esfeld, 1999 ). It is of historic interest to note here that Dirac (1930), who invented the idea of wave function collapse, said that it is nature that makes the choice of measuremental result; | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0303264705000237 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_286344249#8_389579485 | Title: Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran - ScienceDirect
Headings: Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran
International Journal of Infectious Diseases
Causative agents and antimicrobial susceptibilities of urinary tract infections in the northwest of Iran
Summary
Background
Methods
Results
Conclusions
Keywords
Introduction
Methods
Study design
Isolation and identification of organisms
Susceptibility testing
Statistical analysis
Results
Isolation and identification of bacteria
Antimicrobial susceptibility
Discussion
References
Content: Table 1. Frequency of isolated bacteria from positive urine samples according to patient age
Organism
Age (years)
Total n (%)
0–9 n (%)
10–19 n (%)
20–29 n (%)
30–39 n (%)
40–49 n (%)
50–59 n (%)
>60 n (%)
Escherichia coli
60 (80)
61 (78.2)
153 (78.5)
77 (72.6)
59 (70.2)
48 (75)
46 (62.2)
504 (74.6)
Klebsiella spp
2 (2.7)
9 (11.5)
19 (9.7)
12 (11.3)
15 (17.9)
7 (10.9)
15 (20.3)
79 (11.7)
Enterobacter spp
2 (2.7)
-
4 (2.1)
-
1 (1.2)
1 (1.6)
-
8 (1.2)
Proteus spp
2 (2.7)
1 (1.3)
2 (1.0)
2 (1.9)
-
1 (1.6)
-
8 (1.2)
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
5 (6.7)
1 (1.3)
1 (0.5)
-
1 (1.2)
-
7 (9.5)
15 (2.2)
Staphylococcus aureus
1 (1.3)
-
4 (2.1)
-
2 (2.4)
2 (3.1)
2 (2.7)
11 (1.6)
Staphylococcus saprophyticus
3 (4)
5 (6.4)
10 (5.1)
11 (10.4)
5 (6.0)
5 (7.8)
4 (5.4)
43 (6.4)
Enterococci
-
1 (1.3)
2 (1.0)
4 (3.8)
1 (1.2)
-
-
8 (1.2)
Total (%)
75 (11.1)
78 (11.5)
195 (28.8)
106 (15.7)
84 (12.4)
64 (9.5)
74 (10.9)
676 (100)
Antimicrobial susceptibility
The rates of resistance of isolates to a panel of antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, quinolones, aminoglycosides, and trimethoprim–sulfamethoxazole, which are routinely used to treat UTI infections, are shown in Table 2. E. coli as the predominant cause of UTI, showed the highest percentage of resistance to ampicillin (93.1%) and the lowest resistance to amikacin (2.2%). Klebsiella spp as the second most prevalent pathogen of UTI displayed a similar resistance pattern and were resistant to ampicillin in 91.1% of cases and susceptible to amikacin in 98.7% of cases. P. aeruginosa showed the highest antibiotic resistance rate and was significantly resistant to most of the antibiotics ( Table 1 ). In this study, staphylococci were responsible for about 8% of UTI cases; among these, S. saprophyticus was the most common species isolated. S. saprophyticus and Staphylococcus aureus were resistant to ampicillin in 58.1% and 72.7% of cases, respectively, whereas, 46.5% of S. saprophyticus and 36.4% of S. aureus were resistant to oxacillin. Table 2. Resistance rates of isolated bacteria from positive urine samples to commonly used antibiotics
Organism
N
Antibiotic
AMK
GEN
CIP
NIT
NAL
SXT
CEP
AMP
CAR
VAN
OXA
Escherichia coli
504
11 (2.2%)
15 (3.0%)
30 (6.0%)
65 (12.9%)
32 (6.3%)
261 (51.8%)
121 (24.0%)
469 (93.1%)
-
-
-
Klebsiella spp
79
1 (1.3)
15 (19.0%)
1 (1.3%)
36 (45.6%)
11 (13.9%)
32 (40.5%)
27 (34.2%)
72 (91.1%)
-
-
-
Enterobacter spp
8
0 (0%)
2 (25%)
0 (0%)
3 (37.5%)
0 (0%)
3 (37.5%)
3 (37.5%)
8 (100%)
-
-
-
Proteus spp
8
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
5 (62.5%)
0 (0%)
3 (37.5%)
2 (25%)
8 (100%)
-
-
-
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
15
2 (13.3%)
4 (26.7%)
2 (13.3%)
15 (100%)
15 (100%)
15 (100%)
15 (100%)
15 (100%)
-
-
-
Staphylococcus aureus
11
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
2 (18.2%)
-
2 (18.2%)
2 (18.2%)
8 (72.7%)
0 (0%)
0 (0%)
4 (36.4%)
Staphylococcus sa | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1201971208013763 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_312451472#5_418662017 | Title: Fifth Wave Feminism » John C. Wright's Journal
Headings: Fifth Wave Feminism
Fifth Wave Feminism
Content: Sorry, guys, but admit it. If these are the distinctive marks of womenhood, how do we find the feminists disposed to them? Instead of embracing and glorifying them, the feminists regard all signs of femininity with the horror a Jewess escaping from a concentration camp would regard the Yellow Star — her dogma is that all signs of femininity are signs of degradation. Hence, the feminists offer the following witch’s bargain to the young women of the rising generation: in order to be equal to a man, you must do man’s work; in order to do man’s work, you must compete on equal footing with him; this means you may not have children during your journeymen and early mastership years, 18 to 28. These are your most fertile and sexual years biologically: you must chemically neuter yourself doing those years, becoming artificially sterile, and use your sex drive only for self gratification, not for sex. Now suppose we did not know the sex of the person offering the bargain. | http://www.scifiwright.com/2011/06/fifth-wave-feminism/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_315181442#5_423488275 | Title: Scleroderma Esophagus (Throat) Involvement
Headings: Scleroderma Esophageal (Throat) Involvement
SCLERO.ORG
Scleroderma Esophageal (Throat) Involvement
Overview
Air Esophagogram
Barrett's Esophagus
Candida Esophagitis
Correlation with Lung Disease
Dysphonia (Hoarseness, Loss of Voice)
Dysphonia (Hoarseness, Loss of Voice) Personal Stories
Esophageal Diseases
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Esophageal Motility Stories
Esophageal Spasm
Esophageal Stricture
Esophageal Stricture Personal Stories
Esophageal Ulcer
Gastric MALT Lymphoma
Reflux (Heartburn)
References
Content: Carol Langenfeld: Diffuse Scleroderma People tell me that I have earned my credentials as a "certified patient" the hard way…
Don Alfera: CREST, Pulmonary Fibrosis and Sjögren's I entitled this "My Time So Far" since this has been a journey unlike any that I could have ever tried to imagine in my life…
Jerri: CREST Syndrome I was twenty-one years of age when I first noticed that my fingers, toes and lips were turning colors…
Sharon: CREST with Limited Scleroderma, Sjögren's and Pulmonary Hypertension (Australia) Day by day I discover another food I cannot eat …
Candida Esophagitis
The "Foamy" Esophagus A Radiographic Sign of Candida Esophagitis. Shows sophagrams of scleroderma patients. American Journal of Roentgenology. Correlation with Lung Disease
Relationship Between Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) and Oesophageal Dilatation on Chest High-Resolution Computed Tomography (HRCT) in Patients With Systemic Sclerosis: A Cross-Sectional Study. An increased oesophageal diameter ( ≥ 11 mm) on chest HRCT is associated with pulmonary and oesophageal symptoms, more severe ILD, and lower DLco. | http://www.sclero.org/scleroderma/symptoms/gi/esophagus.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_315181442#10_423497764 | Title: Scleroderma Esophagus (Throat) Involvement
Headings: Scleroderma Esophageal (Throat) Involvement
SCLERO.ORG
Scleroderma Esophageal (Throat) Involvement
Overview
Air Esophagogram
Barrett's Esophagus
Candida Esophagitis
Correlation with Lung Disease
Dysphonia (Hoarseness, Loss of Voice)
Dysphonia (Hoarseness, Loss of Voice) Personal Stories
Esophageal Diseases
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Esophageal Motility Stories
Esophageal Spasm
Esophageal Stricture
Esophageal Stricture Personal Stories
Esophageal Ulcer
Gastric MALT Lymphoma
Reflux (Heartburn)
References
Content: Ann Rheum Dis. A case-control study of the pathology of esophageal disease in systemic sclerosis (scleroderma). The loss of circular and longitudinal smooth muscle in the distal scleroderma oesophagus may represent loss of normal neural function followed by secondary tissue atrophy, or may be a primary smooth muscle lesion. PubMed, Gut. Chest Pain, Chronic Many different types of problems can cause discomfort, shortness of breath, pain with swallowing, and many other symptoms in the chest area. This chart may help you pinpoint your problem as you confirm your symptoms. familydoctor.org
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Abnormal Propulsion of Food. The movement of food from mouth to stomach requires normal and coordinated action of the mouth and throat, propulsive waves of the esophagus, and relaxation of the sphincters. A problem with any of these functions can cause difficulties. Merck. | http://www.sclero.org/scleroderma/symptoms/gi/esophagus.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_315181442#14_423504733 | Title: Scleroderma Esophagus (Throat) Involvement
Headings: Scleroderma Esophageal (Throat) Involvement
SCLERO.ORG
Scleroderma Esophageal (Throat) Involvement
Overview
Air Esophagogram
Barrett's Esophagus
Candida Esophagitis
Correlation with Lung Disease
Dysphonia (Hoarseness, Loss of Voice)
Dysphonia (Hoarseness, Loss of Voice) Personal Stories
Esophageal Diseases
Esophageal Motility Disorders
Esophageal Motility Stories
Esophageal Spasm
Esophageal Stricture
Esophageal Stricture Personal Stories
Esophageal Ulcer
Gastric MALT Lymphoma
Reflux (Heartburn)
References
Content: Scleroderma with Full Gastrointestinal Involvement I finally started total parenteral nutrition (TPN, or tubal feeding) in May 2010 and it was an absolute success…
Sonya D: Surviving Daughter of Systemic Scleroderma Patient (Portugal) She had difficulty eating, drinking and digesting her food, but yet doctors had no clue…
Esophageal Spasm
Esophageal spasms. Esophageal spasms are an uncoordinated series of muscle contractions that prevent food from traveling properly from your esophagus to your stomach. These spasms can be very painful. Chest pain is a common symptom of esophageal spasm. Mayo Clinic. Esophageal Stricture
Esophageal Stricture is an abnormal narrowing of the esophagus. See Medical Tests: Esophageal Dilation
Esophageal Stricture Personal Stories
Judy R. Thompson Devlin: Diffuse Scleroderma with CREST He said 1 in 200 people get a disease in their lifetime, and that scleroderma was like having 20-30 diseases at once…
Lorrie: | http://www.sclero.org/scleroderma/symptoms/gi/esophagus.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_315250478#14_423712811 | Title: What is scleroderma? - Scleroderma Foundation
Headings: What is scleroderma?
What is scleroderma?
Quick Links
Types of Scleroderma
Content: In limited scleroderma, skin thickening is less widespread, typically confined to the fingers, hands and face, and develops slowly over years. Although internal problems occur, they are less frequent and tend to be less severe than in diffuse scleroderma, and are usually delayed in onset for several years. However, persons with limited scleroderma, and occasionally those with diffuse scleroderma,
can develop pulmonary hypertension, a condition in which the lung’s blood vessels become narrow, leading to impaired blood flow through the lungs resulting in shortness of breath. Limited scleroderma is sometimes called CREST syndrome. CREST stands for the initial letters of five common features: Calcinosis
Raynaud Phenomenon
Esophageal dysfunction
Sclerodactyly
Telangiectasia
To further complicate the terminology, some people with diffuse disease will go on to develop calcinosis and telangiectasias so that they also have the features of CREST. Although most patients can be classified as having diffuse or limited disease, different people may have different symptoms and different combination of symptoms of the illness. | http://www.scleroderma.org/site/PageNavigator/patients_whatis.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_315284412#0_423771697 | Title: Related Conditions - Scleroderma Foundation
Headings: Related Conditions
Related Conditions
Gastrointestinal Issues
Esophageal dysfunction
Swallowing difficulties
Diarrhea
Constipation
Lung Involvement
Raynaud Phenomenon
Sjögren Syndrome
Content: Related Conditions - Scleroderma Foundation
Related Conditions
Gastrointestinal Issues
Lung Involvement
Raynaud Phenomenon
Sjögren Syndrome
Gastrointestinal Issues
People with systemic scleroderma may develop abnormalities of the digestive system and gastrointestinal tract from the mouth to the anal canal. The overproduction of collagen typical of scleroderma can cause thickening and fibrosis (or scarring) of the tissues. This can result in weakened muscles, and lead to the abnormally slow movement of food (dysmotility) in the digestive process. Esophageal dysfunction
Food travels from the mouth and throat into the stomach through a tube called the esophagus. Normally, the lower esophageal sphincter, or valve, acts as a gate, which opens to allow food to enter the stomach and then closes promptly to prevent food from coming back up. In systemic scleroderma, the gate does not close properly and the result is a backwash of acid and a burning sensation (heartburn) as food and acid return into the esophagus. The acid may also injure the lining of the lower portion of the esophagus, causing scarring and a narrowing (stricture) of the tube. Acid production can be reduced, and the problems of acid reflux and heartburn helped, by avoiding alcohol, greasy or fatty foods, spicy foods, chocolate, tobacco and caffeine. Antacids (particularly in liquid form) can help neutralize acids and reduce heartburn. Some antacids cause constipation while others cause diarrhea. | http://www.scleroderma.org/site/PageServer?pagename=patients_related |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_320014447#0_433655297 | Title: The ACA and the Tenth Amendment - SCOTUSblog
Headings: The ACA and the Tenth Amendment
The ACA and the Tenth Amendment
The Text, history, and jurisprudence
The Tenth Amendment arguments against the ACA
Content: The ACA and the Tenth Amendment - SCOTUSblog
The ACA and the Tenth Amendment
By Steven Schwinn
on Aug 5, 2011 at 1:38 pm
This essay for our symposium is by Steven D. Schwinn, an associate professor of law at the John Marshall Law School in Chicago and co-editor of the Constitutional Law Prof Blog.  He teaches, writes, and practices in the areas of U.S. constitutional law, comparative constitutional law, and human rights. Constitutional arguments against the Affordable Care Act (ACA) have centered principally around congressional authority under the Commerce Clause.  Thus opponents of the ACA, both in litigation and in the public sphere, have argued that the individual health insurance mandate exceeds congressional authority under the Commerce Clause, because the mandate is not a regulation (it is a requirement) and because those regulated are not engaged in commerce (they are inert). These arguments are novel and ahistorical, representing nothing less than a bald-faced attempt to rewrite the Constitution in a libertarian image. But there is another argument, similarly novel and ahistorical, that has gone relatively unnoticed – that the ACA violates the Tenth Amendment and related federalism principles.  The argument is that the Tenth Amendment is a bulwark against federal overreaching in the ACA: the Tenth Amendment cabins federal power, protects state citizens, and protects states’ rights.  This Tenth Amendment argument, like its Commerce Clause companion, lacks support in the text, history, and Supreme Court jurisprudence of the Constitution.  Like so much of what we hear in constitutional debates today, it is an insidious attempt to shift the frames of constitutional debate and, at the end of the day, reshape the very contours of the Constitution. No amount of repetition and volume in these arguments can change the text, history, and jurisprudence of the Tenth Amendment. | http://www.scotusblog.com/2011/08/the-aca-and-the-tenth-amendment/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_321350894#8_435867230 | Title: Why the Haley Plan Would Make S.C.'s Roads Problem Worse | The South Carolina Policy Council
Headings: Haley Road Plan: Higher Taxes, New Debt, Fuzzy Numbers
Haley Road Plan: Higher Taxes, New Debt, Fuzzy Numbers
THE GOVERNOR’S PLAN IS A SHELL GAME THAT WOULD DO LITTLE TO IMPROVE S.C.’S ROADS
The plan is based on contrived assumptions, impossible predictions, and misleading promises.
The governor’s plan would transfer funds from maintenance to expansion
Haley’s DOT reform plan isn’t a plan.
How to Fix our Roads
1) Require maintenance work be prioritized over new construction
2) Make the DOT accountable to the governor
3) Devolve some state-controlled roads to local control
4) Abolish the Infrastructure Bank
5) Full transparency in DOT spending and construction contracts
Content: Even if implemented perfectly, then, Haley’s plan would take 6 years just to make South Carolina’s income tax rate competitive with North Carolina’s as it exists today. The governor’s plan would transfer funds from maintenance to expansion
In her executive budget, Gov. Haley proposes transferring an additional $105 million over last year’s appropriations to the State Transportation Infrastructure Bank (STIB), an organization that funds expansionary road projects by the issuance of public bonds – i.e. debt – typically to politically important counties. Without calling attention to it, furthermore, the governor proposed cutting the budget of an agency that actually performs road repairs and maintenance. In her executive budget Haley cuts overall Department of Transportation (DOT) appropriations by roughly half a million dollars. (Granted, in the press release announcing the executive budget, the governor proposes sending $61.4 million from the current sales tax on cars and trucks to the DOT for road maintenance. But a closer look at her actual proposed spending plan – leaving aside the talking points – reveals that other monies would be taken away from DOT, with the result that the agency would receive about half a million dollars less than it received the year before. Whether the governor intended this or not is impossible to say.) In other words, Gov. Haley’s roads plan would first divert funds from much-needed maintenance to new expansionary road projects, many of which are unnecessary. It gets worse. The funds the governor wishes to transfer to the STIB come from state gas tax revenues, which are the only transportation funds the DOT has complete discretion over. | http://www.scpolicycouncil.org/research/reform-restructuring/haley-roads |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_321350894#9_435870001 | Title: Why the Haley Plan Would Make S.C.'s Roads Problem Worse | The South Carolina Policy Council
Headings: Haley Road Plan: Higher Taxes, New Debt, Fuzzy Numbers
Haley Road Plan: Higher Taxes, New Debt, Fuzzy Numbers
THE GOVERNOR’S PLAN IS A SHELL GAME THAT WOULD DO LITTLE TO IMPROVE S.C.’S ROADS
The plan is based on contrived assumptions, impossible predictions, and misleading promises.
The governor’s plan would transfer funds from maintenance to expansion
Haley’s DOT reform plan isn’t a plan.
How to Fix our Roads
1) Require maintenance work be prioritized over new construction
2) Make the DOT accountable to the governor
3) Devolve some state-controlled roads to local control
4) Abolish the Infrastructure Bank
5) Full transparency in DOT spending and construction contracts
Content: But a closer look at her actual proposed spending plan – leaving aside the talking points – reveals that other monies would be taken away from DOT, with the result that the agency would receive about half a million dollars less than it received the year before. Whether the governor intended this or not is impossible to say.) In other words, Gov. Haley’s roads plan would first divert funds from much-needed maintenance to new expansionary road projects, many of which are unnecessary. It gets worse. The funds the governor wishes to transfer to the STIB come from state gas tax revenues, which are the only transportation funds the DOT has complete discretion over. Roads in South Carolina are funded through three revenue sources: other funds (state gas tax revenue), federal funds, and debt financing as provided by the STIB. Out of these three funding pools, state gas tax revenues are by far the smallest. They are also the only revenue source that is free to be devoted to routine maintenance. Federal funds cannot be spent on routine maintenance, and they cannot be transferred upfront to the STIB (since federal funds are dispersed as match dollars and the STIB finances its projects with bond debt). | http://www.scpolicycouncil.org/research/reform-restructuring/haley-roads |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_321350894#10_435872252 | Title: Why the Haley Plan Would Make S.C.'s Roads Problem Worse | The South Carolina Policy Council
Headings: Haley Road Plan: Higher Taxes, New Debt, Fuzzy Numbers
Haley Road Plan: Higher Taxes, New Debt, Fuzzy Numbers
THE GOVERNOR’S PLAN IS A SHELL GAME THAT WOULD DO LITTLE TO IMPROVE S.C.’S ROADS
The plan is based on contrived assumptions, impossible predictions, and misleading promises.
The governor’s plan would transfer funds from maintenance to expansion
Haley’s DOT reform plan isn’t a plan.
How to Fix our Roads
1) Require maintenance work be prioritized over new construction
2) Make the DOT accountable to the governor
3) Devolve some state-controlled roads to local control
4) Abolish the Infrastructure Bank
5) Full transparency in DOT spending and construction contracts
Content: Roads in South Carolina are funded through three revenue sources: other funds (state gas tax revenue), federal funds, and debt financing as provided by the STIB. Out of these three funding pools, state gas tax revenues are by far the smallest. They are also the only revenue source that is free to be devoted to routine maintenance. Federal funds cannot be spent on routine maintenance, and they cannot be transferred upfront to the STIB (since federal funds are dispersed as match dollars and the STIB finances its projects with bond debt). That means Haley’s plan would take what little money DOT has for routine maintenance, and divert it to new expansionary projects in politically influential counties. Haley’s DOT reform plan isn’t a plan. Finally, in her State of the State, the governor mentioned a need for reforming the governance structure of the DOT. True enough, the DOT – an agency run by an unaccountable commission elected by legislative delegations – desperately needs to be reformed. But Gov. Haley provided no specifics on what the reform should look like. | http://www.scpolicycouncil.org/research/reform-restructuring/haley-roads |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_321350894#13_435879270 | Title: Why the Haley Plan Would Make S.C.'s Roads Problem Worse | The South Carolina Policy Council
Headings: Haley Road Plan: Higher Taxes, New Debt, Fuzzy Numbers
Haley Road Plan: Higher Taxes, New Debt, Fuzzy Numbers
THE GOVERNOR’S PLAN IS A SHELL GAME THAT WOULD DO LITTLE TO IMPROVE S.C.’S ROADS
The plan is based on contrived assumptions, impossible predictions, and misleading promises.
The governor’s plan would transfer funds from maintenance to expansion
Haley’s DOT reform plan isn’t a plan.
How to Fix our Roads
1) Require maintenance work be prioritized over new construction
2) Make the DOT accountable to the governor
3) Devolve some state-controlled roads to local control
4) Abolish the Infrastructure Bank
5) Full transparency in DOT spending and construction contracts
Content: The problem isn’t one of revenue but one of structure: South Carolina’s transportation authorities aren’t adequately using the resources they have. How to Fix our Roads
Any discussion of increased revenue in the absence of transformative structural reform puts the cart before the horse. Here are the actual transportation reforms that need to be undertaken to ensure South Carolina government is making the most of its existing transportation dollars. 1) Require maintenance work be prioritized over new construction
The DOT has long given construction projects a great deal of weight when determining their budget requests. In recent years the Department has requested over four times as much for construction projects as it has for maintenance expenses. This imbalance is due to a combination of an unaccountable DOT governing board, and perverse incentives provided to state transportation authorities by federal road funding formulas. Federal road funding formulas prohibit federal funds from being used on routine maintenance, and contribute to the DOT neglecting non-federal aid eligible roads in favor of those that are eligible for a federal funding match. In order to address these misplaced priorities state law should be amended to mandate the prioritization of road maintenance and repairs. The law should require that no more than a designated small percentage of all DOT funds can be spent on new construction until a large majority of the roads controlled by the DOT are rated in good or very good condi | http://www.scpolicycouncil.org/research/reform-restructuring/haley-roads |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_321685000#2_436872494 | Title: Take Two | How climate change is affecting the desert landscape | 89.3 KPCC
Headings: How climate change is affecting the desert landscape
Environment & Science
How climate change is affecting the desert landscape
About Take Two
Enjoy Take Two? Try KPCC’s other programs.
AirTalk
With Larry Mantle
Weekdays 10 a.m.-12 p.m.
FilmWeek
With Larry Mantle
Friday 11 a.m. - noon
Take Two
With A Martínez
Weekdays 2 to 3 p.m.
The Frame
With John Horn
Temporarily on hiatus so that our staff can help out our colleagues in the KPCC newsroom and on our other shows.
KPCC's Environment & Science coverage is a Southern California resource provided by member-supported public radio. We can't do it without you.
Content: Nearly all of the Joshua trees in Joshua Tree National Park could disappear by the end of the century because of climate change. It can be hard to imagine that, in the deserts of the American Southwest, a few degrees hotter can drastically affect a place that's already hot. Many predictions of rising worldwide temperatures often conjure up images of swelling shorelines because of shrinking polar ice caps. But Ian James, environment reporter for The Desert Sun, wrote a three-part investigation on how climate change could drastically affect the flora, fauna, and people of this arid landscape. "Basically in the desert there's very little humidity in the air," said James on Take Two. " That lack of humidity in the air, in the soil, in the whole region makes it so the hotter temperatures don't have that one other element to bump up against that would make it a little less intense." As a result, he adds, places like the deserts of the Southwest have seen a higher increase in average temperature than elsewhere in the country. Researchers like Cameron Barrows, ecologist at UC Riverside, told James that could lead to profound impacts on the landscapes, including a site like Joshua Tree National Park. "About 90 percent of the Joshua trees within the park would be gone," says Barrows, explaining that it would take just decades for that to happen. But already husks of Joshua trees are scattered throughout the park where, a few years ago, lush, vibrant trees had stood. | http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2014/06/16/37919/how-climate-change-is-affecting-the-desert-landsca/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_321685000#3_436874949 | Title: Take Two | How climate change is affecting the desert landscape | 89.3 KPCC
Headings: How climate change is affecting the desert landscape
Environment & Science
How climate change is affecting the desert landscape
About Take Two
Enjoy Take Two? Try KPCC’s other programs.
AirTalk
With Larry Mantle
Weekdays 10 a.m.-12 p.m.
FilmWeek
With Larry Mantle
Friday 11 a.m. - noon
Take Two
With A Martínez
Weekdays 2 to 3 p.m.
The Frame
With John Horn
Temporarily on hiatus so that our staff can help out our colleagues in the KPCC newsroom and on our other shows.
KPCC's Environment & Science coverage is a Southern California resource provided by member-supported public radio. We can't do it without you.
Content: That lack of humidity in the air, in the soil, in the whole region makes it so the hotter temperatures don't have that one other element to bump up against that would make it a little less intense." As a result, he adds, places like the deserts of the Southwest have seen a higher increase in average temperature than elsewhere in the country. Researchers like Cameron Barrows, ecologist at UC Riverside, told James that could lead to profound impacts on the landscapes, including a site like Joshua Tree National Park. "About 90 percent of the Joshua trees within the park would be gone," says Barrows, explaining that it would take just decades for that to happen. But already husks of Joshua trees are scattered throughout the park where, a few years ago, lush, vibrant trees had stood. Currently, researchers are finding that new trees and seedlings are propagating more at higher elevations — and cooler climates — but what's unknown is if they can sustainably adapt in the long-term. Another finding by reporter Ian James is climate change's impact on the populations of the people in the deserts as well as throughout Southern California. For example, Lake Mead, a reservoir just east of Las Vegas, has steadily lost more and more water over the years that a stories-high bathtub ring has formed around its perimeter. That indicates how its current level compares with where it's historically been. "It's a lifeline of water for this region, and it's less than half-full right now," said James. " | http://www.scpr.org/programs/take-two/2014/06/16/37919/how-climate-change-is-affecting-the-desert-landsca/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_333889751#2_456359204 | Title: Martin Luther: Peasant's Rebellion | Page 1 of 1
Headings: Martin Luther: Peasant's Rebellion
Martin Luther: Peasant's Rebellion
Will the Theologians Please Sit Down
Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants
Introduction
Content: Because of the similarity of ideas and language in a letter written to Ruehel8 on May 4, 1525, it is assumed that Luther wrote this strongly worded treatise at or about the same time as the letter. There is a similar difficulty with the date of publication. It was certainly before the middle of May, but a more exact date of publication cannot be given. In the treatise Luther arraigned the peasants on three charges: ( 1) they had violated their oaths of loyalty to their rulers and were therefore subject to temporal punishment; ( 2) they had robbed, plundered, and murdered, and were subject to death in body and soul; and (3) they had committed their crimes under the cover of Christ’s name, thereby shamefully blaspheming God. The peasants were like a mad dog which had to be destroyed. The government, he argued, must use its God‑given office to subdue the rebels with force, the only language they understood. Whoever lost his life in suppressing this rebellion, Luther argues, would be a martyr to the gospel. | http://www.scrollpublishing.com/store/Luther-Peasants.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_333889751#3_456360681 | Title: Martin Luther: Peasant's Rebellion | Page 1 of 1
Headings: Martin Luther: Peasant's Rebellion
Martin Luther: Peasant's Rebellion
Will the Theologians Please Sit Down
Against the Robbing and Murdering Hordes of Peasants
Introduction
Content: 2) they had robbed, plundered, and murdered, and were subject to death in body and soul; and (3) they had committed their crimes under the cover of Christ’s name, thereby shamefully blaspheming God. The peasants were like a mad dog which had to be destroyed. The government, he argued, must use its God‑given office to subdue the rebels with force, the only language they understood. Whoever lost his life in suppressing this rebellion, Luther argues, would be a martyr to the gospel. The translation by Charles M. Jacobs was based on CL 3, 69-74. The revision presented here is based on the German text, Wider die räuberischen. und mürderischen Rotten der Bauern, in WA 18, (344) 357‑361. 1 Cf. Schwiebert, Luther and His Times, p. 562. | http://www.scrollpublishing.com/store/Luther-Peasants.html |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#0_459789182 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling your scuba gear requires special attention and care to prevent equipment problems during the dive. As a new diver it may seem like a complicated task, but with practice it will become as routine as any other skill. The basic procedure for assembling your gear is: Attach the cylinder to the BCD. Attach the regulator to the cylinder valve. Open the cylinder valve. Test the scuba unit. The sections that follow explain each step in detail. Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
If the cylinder is equipped with a yoke valve, inspect the valve's o-ring for signs of wear or cracks. Replace the o-ring if it's defective or missing. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#1_459790311 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: Open the cylinder valve. Test the scuba unit. The sections that follow explain each step in detail. Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
If the cylinder is equipped with a yoke valve, inspect the valve's o-ring for signs of wear or cracks. Replace the o-ring if it's defective or missing. Stand the cylinder in an upright position with the valve knob positioned to your right side. The tank strap will stretch when wet, so soak the strap in water to prevent it from loosening during the dive. Lower the BCD's tank strap over the cylinder, and rotate the cylinder until the valve knob points to the BCD's right side. Make sure the strap is correctly woven through the buckle, and close the buckle. Tighten the strap if it's loose. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#2_459791477 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: Stand the cylinder in an upright position with the valve knob positioned to your right side. The tank strap will stretch when wet, so soak the strap in water to prevent it from loosening during the dive. Lower the BCD's tank strap over the cylinder, and rotate the cylinder until the valve knob points to the BCD's right side. Make sure the strap is correctly woven through the buckle, and close the buckle. Tighten the strap if it's loose. Pick up the BCD by its handle or shoulder straps and make sure the cylinder is securely fastened and does not slip. Attaching The Regulator
The following procedures are for attaching a yoke style regulator to a "J" or "K" cylinder valve. Remove the dust cap by loosening the yoke screw. Place the 1st stage over the cylinder valve. The 1st stage's filter should be positioned against the valve's o-ring, and the 2nd stage hoses should be on the same side as the valve knob. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#3_459792838 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: Pick up the BCD by its handle or shoulder straps and make sure the cylinder is securely fastened and does not slip. Attaching The Regulator
The following procedures are for attaching a yoke style regulator to a "J" or "K" cylinder valve. Remove the dust cap by loosening the yoke screw. Place the 1st stage over the cylinder valve. The 1st stage's filter should be positioned against the valve's o-ring, and the 2nd stage hoses should be on the same side as the valve knob. Tighten the yoke screw against the valve. The screw should only be tightened finger-tight. Don't worry if the 1st stage rotates on the valve. It will tighten up when the air is opened. Attach the low-pressure hose to the power inflator's air inlet. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#4_459794008 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: Tighten the yoke screw against the valve. The screw should only be tightened finger-tight. Don't worry if the 1st stage rotates on the valve. It will tighten up when the air is opened. Attach the low-pressure hose to the power inflator's air inlet. If you have a DIN valve, the procedure is similar, with the exception that the 1st stage is screwed into the cylinder valve. Opening the Cylinder
Hold the submersible pressure gauge so that the face points towards the ground. An air leak inside the gauge could cause the gauge's cover to pop off, and holding the gauge face-down minimizes the risk of injury in the event this occurs. Slowly turn the valve knob counter-clockwise to open the valve. Continue to open the valve until it's completely open. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#5_459795203 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: If you have a DIN valve, the procedure is similar, with the exception that the 1st stage is screwed into the cylinder valve. Opening the Cylinder
Hold the submersible pressure gauge so that the face points towards the ground. An air leak inside the gauge could cause the gauge's cover to pop off, and holding the gauge face-down minimizes the risk of injury in the event this occurs. Slowly turn the valve knob counter-clockwise to open the valve. Continue to open the valve until it's completely open. Hold the face of the submersible pressure gauge against the cylinder or ground while opening the cylinder valve. Testing the Scuba Unit
Make sure the valve knob is opened. Listen carefully for air leaks near the valve or 1st stage. A hissing sound usually indicates a worn or cracked valve o-ring, which should be replaced before diving. Check the submersible pressure gauge to ensure the cylinder is full. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#6_459796557 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: Hold the face of the submersible pressure gauge against the cylinder or ground while opening the cylinder valve. Testing the Scuba Unit
Make sure the valve knob is opened. Listen carefully for air leaks near the valve or 1st stage. A hissing sound usually indicates a worn or cracked valve o-ring, which should be replaced before diving. Check the submersible pressure gauge to ensure the cylinder is full. While looking at the submersible pressure gauge, breathe from your 2nd stage and octopus. If the gauge's needle shifts, the valve is closed or there is an air restriction. Check the air for oily taste or odor. If you suspect the air is contaminated, do not use the cylinder. Return it to the shop that filled the cylinder so they can test their compressor. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#7_459797764 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: While looking at the submersible pressure gauge, breathe from your 2nd stage and octopus. If the gauge's needle shifts, the valve is closed or there is an air restriction. Check the air for oily taste or odor. If you suspect the air is contaminated, do not use the cylinder. Return it to the shop that filled the cylinder so they can test their compressor. Test the power inflator to make sure it inflates and deflates. Over-inflate the BCD to ensure the over-pressure relief valves vent the excess pressure
Stowing the Scuba Unit
The scuba unit should be secured or stored to prevent damage to the gear or injury to a diver. Most dive boats have devices that secure the cylinder in an upright position. The boat's divemaster will show you the proper way to use their system. If a securing device is not available, lay the unit down with the cylinder at the bottom of the unit. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#8_459799086 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: Test the power inflator to make sure it inflates and deflates. Over-inflate the BCD to ensure the over-pressure relief valves vent the excess pressure
Stowing the Scuba Unit
The scuba unit should be secured or stored to prevent damage to the gear or injury to a diver. Most dive boats have devices that secure the cylinder in an upright position. The boat's divemaster will show you the proper way to use their system. If a securing device is not available, lay the unit down with the cylinder at the bottom of the unit. Make sure the 2nd stages are placed on top of the BCD to prevent damage from the cylinder or a passing diver. Special care must be taken when placing a scuba unit on a beach because sand can cause your regulator or power inflator to malfunction. A towel or tarp underneath your equipment is very useful for this purpose. Secure the scuba units or lay them down after assembly. Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
You disassemble the scuba unit in the opposite order the gear was assembled. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#9_459800536 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: Make sure the 2nd stages are placed on top of the BCD to prevent damage from the cylinder or a passing diver. Special care must be taken when placing a scuba unit on a beach because sand can cause your regulator or power inflator to malfunction. A towel or tarp underneath your equipment is very useful for this purpose. Secure the scuba units or lay them down after assembly. Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
You disassemble the scuba unit in the opposite order the gear was assembled. However, a couple steps are added to the process. Turn the valve knob clockwise until it's completely closed. Press the 2nd stage's purge button to release all the air pressure from the hoses. Remove the low-pressure hose from the power inflator. Remove the 1st stage from the cylinder valve. | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337325090#10_459801756 | Title: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Headings: Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Assembling Your Scuba Gear
Attaching Your Tank to the BCD
Attaching The Regulator
Opening the Cylinder
Testing the Scuba Unit
Stowing the Scuba Unit
Disassembling Your Scuba Unit
Content: However, a couple steps are added to the process. Turn the valve knob clockwise until it's completely closed. Press the 2nd stage's purge button to release all the air pressure from the hoses. Remove the low-pressure hose from the power inflator. Remove the 1st stage from the cylinder valve. Dry the dust cap with a towel, and tighten the dust cap in the 1st stage. Remove the cylinder from the BCD. After disassembling your gear, be sure to replace the 1st stage's dust cap. Hand Signals
Site Assessment | http://www.scuba-tutor.com/diving-skills/gear-assembly/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337439665#0_460033888 | Title: Scuba Gear & Diving Equipment, Scuba Diving Gear Reviews | Scuba Diving
Headings: Scuba Gear
PADI CLUB
Scuba Gear
Scuba Diving Masks
Scuba BCDs (Buoyancy Compensators or Buoyancy Control Device)
Scuba Diving Regulators
Diving Fins
Scuba Diving Wetsuits
Scuba Diving Drysuits
Dive Computers
Dive Watches
Scuba Diving Weights
Dive Knives
Scuba Diving Lights
Browse for Gear
Find the latest news and reviews on these gear types
Scuba Gear Manufacturer Partners
Diving Accessories
Underwater Cameras for Diving
Snorkel Gear
Content: Scuba Gear & Diving Equipment, Scuba Diving Gear Reviews | Scuba Diving
Gear
Travel
Training
Photos
Videos
Dive Deals
Learn to Dive
PADI Club
PADI CLUB
Scuba Gear
Everything you need to know about scuba gear, all in one place. Scuba gear is a critical topic for divers, from considering the best scuba gear to buy or rent for your favorite type of diving to learning how to maintain your gear so it lasts. We’ve put together everything you need to know about scuba diving gear, all in one place, from how to buy your first set of gear to ScubaLab’s top gear reviews, which culminate in our Gear of the Year recap. In addition to the latest product releases from dive equipment manufacturers such as Cressi, Aqua Lung, Mares, Oceanic, Scubapro, TUSA and more, make sure to check out the latest scuba gear reviews from ScubaLab. Ten times per year, our ScubaLab team puts the latest regulators, BCDs, dive computers, masks, fins, snorkels, knives, wetsuits and other gear items through an objective and in-water test to craft in-depth reviews for all the latest scuba gear. The latest ScubaLab test results are published in Scuba Diving magazine, with complete results included online each month. Scuba Diving Masks
A scuba diving mask may seem like a basic piece of gear, but it’s critical that you find a dive mask that is comfortable and properly fitted. Your dive mask creates a pocket of air in front of your eyes and nose so you can see clearly underwater and equalize the pressure on your ears and sinuses as you go deeper. Scuba diving masks are among the first pieces of scuba gear that divers need to buy, and are their window to the underwater world. Scuba BCDs (Buoyancy Compensators or Buoyancy Control Device)
Scuba BCDs are also called scuba BCs, buoyancy compensators or buoyancy control devices. | http://www.scubadiving.com/gear |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_337475360#16_460101367 | Title: How Much Should You Spend on a Regulator? | Scuba Diving
Headings: How Much Should You Spend on a Regulator?
How Much Should You Spend on a Regulator?
Content: The store should stock at least two major-brand lines of regs and be able to service, on site, what it sells. It should not only offer dealer prep, it should insist upon it. Decide how much you want to spend, and choose something in your price range from that store--even if a marginally "better" reg is available from mail order or from a store you don't like as well. Why? Because your reg will require annual tune-ups to stay in peak condition and to preserve your warranty rights. Plus there's the added bonus that "your" store is more likely to go the extra mile to make sure maintenance gets done right and on time--even when you need an overhaul right before that dream trip to the tropics. How it works: Piston vs. diaphragm first stage
Until regulators incorporate computer chips (which may not be so far off), something inside the first stage has to move back and forth to physically open and close the valve that admits air from the tank. That "something" is a piston sliding in a smooth cylinder or a membrane (like a loose drum head) that flexes back and forth. In both cases, atmospheric pressure and a spring push against one side of the piston or diaphragm to open the valve, and air pressure in an "intermediate chamber" pushes on the other side to close the valve. | http://www.scubadiving.com/gear/accessories/how-much-should-you-spend-regulator |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_341411489#0_466606629 | Title: Cooking Moreton Bay Bugs | Slipper Lobster Recipes
Headings: Cooking Moreton Bay Bugs | Slipper Lobster Recipes
Cooking Moreton Bay Bugs | Slipper Lobster Recipes
Cooking Moreton Bay Bugs - Slipper Lobsters:
Content: Cooking Moreton Bay Bugs | Slipper Lobster Recipes
Cooking Moreton Bay Bugs | Slipper Lobster Recipes
Cooking Moreton Bay Bugs - Slipper Lobsters: Average yield is 30%, the edible flesh is only in the tail and larger Bugs have a lower yield due to their head size. Have a medium, sweet, rich flavour (milder than Balmain Bug but stronger than Rock lobster ), low oiliness and dry, firm flesh. To remove meat from shells, either split Bug lengthwise, or, to keep meat in one piece, remove head, turn tail over and cut down either side of the tail using kitchen scissors, peel underside of tail back and remove meat. Do not recook cooked Bugs, eat cold in salads or with a dipping sauce. The most humane, and easiest, method of killing any crustacean is to chill it in the freezer for about 45 minutes until it becomes insensible (but not long enough to freeze it). Once chilled, it should be killed promptly by splitting in half or dropping into rapidly boiling water. Buying
Bugs are usually sold whole, sometimes live but often already cooked. If possible buy live from a tank, in which case they should be lively with a hard shell (indicating that they haven’t recently moulted) and all legs and antennae should be intact. Unlike Crabs and Rock lobsters, Bugs don’t survive well out of water; | http://www.sea-ex.com/fishphotos/bug,1_moreton-bay-slipper-lobster-cooking.htm |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_349264933#6_482435149 | Title: Captains Blog - Sea Rovers Dive Center Pemuteran Bali
Headings: Advice From: SSI And DAN – On How Divers Can Get Back in The Water Safely.
SCUBA diving during COVID times
Written by Thomas Collins
Advice From: SSI And DAN – On How Divers Can Get Back in The Water Safely.
Dive Centres
Where & how to plan a dive trip in COVID-19 Times?
Are You Still Fit to Dive?
Which Safety Protocols Are in Place in Liveaboards & Dive resorts
How Flexible Are Booking and Cancellation Conditions?
Advocate for yourself
Make the rules & enforce them!
Stay distant at the surface!
Breathe through regulators in close quarters.
Wash or sanitize hands while topside.
Smear defog, not saliva.
Moving forward
Thomas Collins, Contributor
6 Ways we can All Protect the Coral Reefs
Increase Your Skill
A Scuba Skills Update
SSI Perfect Buoyancy
Use Gear that is Sustainable
Post Instructive Photos or Videos
Share Your Experiences
Help Through Clean-Up Dives
The Green Fins Initiative
5 Tips for Snorkeling Menjangan Island
#1: Safety First
Of the 5 Tips for Snorkeling Menjangan Island I feel this is the most important. Go with the professionals.
#2: Diveboat or Rent’A’Wreck
#3: Take Precautions
#4: Protect it for the Future
DO NOT STEP ON, OR KICK CORAL
DO NOT STIR THE SEDIMENT
NO LITTERING
NO FISH FEEDING
NO COLLECTING MARINE LIFE
DO NOT CHASE OR TOUCH MARINE LIFE
Menjangan Island snorkelling
#6: Its about the fun and a little bit more
Menjangan Island is now cleaner
Diving, snorkeling and an impromptu beach cleanup
Scuba 101: Dive tables
Conservation Week
Supporting our friends at Reef Seen
Look after your compressor
And it will look after you
A Malin hits the water finning
Another SSI Open Water Diver
ByeBye Iluh & Congrats
We’re sad to see you leave
Hola Pemuteran
Content: Sign up for continuing education and do the academic portions online or via a conferencing app with your instructor. Every little but helps. We are all in this together. Where & how to plan a dive trip in COVID-19 Times? Planning a dive trip during COVID-19 times? With the pandemic dragging on, many scuba divers have had the longest surface interval ever. We cannot wait to put their scuba diving masks on! Even though it might not be possible to travel right away with lockdowns, and/or family and financial obligations, nothing prevents you from planning your next dive trip right now! Indeed, many trips from 2020 have already been rescheduled to 2021 and 2022, if you would like to dive anytime soon, it’s better to plan ahead. Are You Still Fit to Dive? | http://www.searovers.net/ships-blog/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_360532181#0_498516854 | Title: Redlining - CityArchives | seattle.gov
Headings:
Redlining
Content: Redlining - CityArchives | seattle.gov
Seattle Municipal Archives Anne Frantilla, City Archivist - Office of the City Clerk
About the SMA
Search Collections
Seattle Facts
Exhibits & Education
City Clerk
Home Exhibits & Education Seattle Voices
Redlining
In 1976, Seattle City Council took a stand against redlining, a discriminatory practice targeted at African-Americans and others of color, by which banks, insurance companies, and other institutions, refused or limited loans, mortgages, and insurance within specific geographic areas. Redlining also included the practice of banks not reinvesting funds they received from low income neighborhoods back into those communities. A six-month study by the Central Seattle Community Council Federation released in July 1975, "Redlining and Disinvestment in Central Seattle," examined 1,150 property transactions in Seattle. The study found that eight major banking institutions did not make more than two loans each in the Central Area and Rainier Valley from 1970 to 1974. Prompted by this report, the Mayor established a Reinvestment Task Force to propose policies to eliminate redlining, or disinvestment, as it was also called. The final report from community members of the Mayor's Reinvestment Task Force was completed on June 3, 1976. In August, Councilmembers Paul Kraabel and John Miller, together with Mayor Wes Uhlman, announced a series of meetings to discuss proposed anti-redlining legislation. Public hearings and meetings of the Planning and Urban Development Committee were held during the fall of 1976, and the Public Reinvestment Board was established by Ordinance 105987 that November to help reverse discriminatory practices in lending. At the September 1, 1976, meeting of the Planning and Urban Development Committee, several people spoke about the proposed Public Reinvestment Board. Karen Morgan, a member of the Mayor's Reinvestment Task Force, spoke in favor of the ordinance establishing the Public Reinvestment Board. | http://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/seattle-voices/redlining |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_360532181#1_498519136 | Title: Redlining - CityArchives | seattle.gov
Headings:
Redlining
Content: The final report from community members of the Mayor's Reinvestment Task Force was completed on June 3, 1976. In August, Councilmembers Paul Kraabel and John Miller, together with Mayor Wes Uhlman, announced a series of meetings to discuss proposed anti-redlining legislation. Public hearings and meetings of the Planning and Urban Development Committee were held during the fall of 1976, and the Public Reinvestment Board was established by Ordinance 105987 that November to help reverse discriminatory practices in lending. At the September 1, 1976, meeting of the Planning and Urban Development Committee, several people spoke about the proposed Public Reinvestment Board. Karen Morgan, a member of the Mayor's Reinvestment Task Force, spoke in favor of the ordinance establishing the Public Reinvestment Board. Karen Morgan: My name is Karen Morgan and I was a member of the task force representing the Wallingford community. I'm not going to make comment on the Lender's Review Board at this time and the process of developing that; I'm simply going to confine my comments to the suggested ordinance which is before you to establish the public review board. First of all, I'd like to say that having worked with this problem for over nine months, I have been impressed over and over with the fact that it is not a simple problem and it is not a problem that has more or less gone away now, because certain banks have decided that they will try harder to make loans. | http://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/seattle-voices/redlining |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_360532181#5_498524364 | Title: Redlining - CityArchives | seattle.gov
Headings:
Redlining
Content: It is anti-trust. Frankly, that is one of the very serious problems if we do agree to common sets of standards in that area... Now measuring performance, I think you are going to be able to measure performance by the number of complaints received and how they're disposed of...
Councilmember Kraabel: But the standards seem general. I don't understand anti-trust law, you're getting in way over my head. Edward Lange: You're not alone there. Councilmember Kraabel: I'm reading the standards: " Participating lending institutions will instruct appraisers not to provide information on racial, ethnic and geographic composition of neighborhood residents." If they all abide by that, is that anti-trust? | http://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/seattle-voices/redlining |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_360532181#6_498525347 | Title: Redlining - CityArchives | seattle.gov
Headings:
Redlining
Content: You're not alone there. Councilmember Kraabel: I'm reading the standards: " Participating lending institutions will instruct appraisers not to provide information on racial, ethnic and geographic composition of neighborhood residents." If they all abide by that, is that anti-trust? Edward Lange: I don't think we can pick out one and try to focus on it... There's something else you have to keep in mind. And that's that the lending process is a judgmental process. You can't plug application A into a machine and get out yes or no. The machine that does it is a human machine and it's a judgmental process. | http://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/seattle-voices/redlining |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_360532181#10_498529951 | Title: Redlining - CityArchives | seattle.gov
Headings:
Redlining
Content: It's a coalition of about thirteen community groups that have been concerned with the issue of investing and housing stock in Seattle. I was originally going to limit my comments to the draft on the Review Board that you have before you, but after sitting here for two and a half hours and having heard quite a few interesting and worthwhile comments, I'd like to speak to at least a few of them. I think right now one of the basic problems Seattle faces is a lack of public confidence in the ability of the City Council, the City government, to deal with the issue of redlining, and its ability perhaps to save the housing stock in Seattle. I think that currently the city is on the right track, and has been in establishing the Reinvestment Task Force, and in taking under consideration the ordinances you have before you. I think some of the mistakes made in the past have been too much secrecy. I think that the processes in the past have not been that much open. The Mayor had met with about three or four community groups, but in the negotiations they were really left out, and consequently we really had to rely on the good faith of the bankers and the Mayor in the dealings. So that, right now, I would not like to see that process continue. And there's letters from banks complaining about the legality of the agreement they have to sign with the lender's review board. I think it's important to take a look at what banks are sending those letters and what is the content of those letters. | http://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/seattle-voices/redlining |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_360532181#12_498533528 | Title: Redlining - CityArchives | seattle.gov
Headings:
Redlining
Content: I think also that there needs to be some openness as to which are the regulatory agencies that are complaining about the possible restrictions that may be placed on the banks with regards to the agreement that has to be signed. I'm not an attorney, I'm not that familiar with anti-trust laws, although I do have an understanding of what I consider they're meant to be. And my understanding is that anti-trust laws basically deal with trying to stop corporations from forming monopolies over certain portions of the market. And the agreement that we're asking the bankers to sign is not an agreement to establish a monopoly, or commonality between all the banks and all their common rates. What we're asking is a commonality within each bank, each bank using whatever ratios they want to establish...so I don't think that would fall within the definition of an anti-trust suit or a question of establishing a monopoly. I think that, or the Coalition believes that the most effective way that the City can take a very open stand in solving the redlining issue is by establishing a public review board which would be visible. The entire Planning and Urban Development Committee meeting can be heard here. Related documents include the Draft and Final Report of the Mayor's Reinvestment Task Force. Citation: Planning and Urban Development Committee Meeting, September 1, 1976. | http://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/seattle-voices/redlining |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_360532181#13_498535182 | Title: Redlining - CityArchives | seattle.gov
Headings:
Redlining
Content: I think that, or the Coalition believes that the most effective way that the City can take a very open stand in solving the redlining issue is by establishing a public review board which would be visible. The entire Planning and Urban Development Committee meeting can be heard here. Related documents include the Draft and Final Report of the Mayor's Reinvestment Task Force. Citation: Planning and Urban Development Committee Meeting, September 1, 1976. Event ID 3621, Seattle City Council Legislative Department Audio Recordings, 4601-03. | http://www.seattle.gov/cityarchives/exhibits-and-education/seattle-voices/redlining |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_369194748#2_512353151 | Title: Getting FITT with Strength (or Resistance) Training
Headings: Getting FITT with Strength (or Resistance) Training
Getting FITT with Strength (or Resistance) Training
Frequency (how often you are physically active in a week)
Intensity (how hard you work each time you are physically active)
Time (the duration or how long your physical activity lasts)
Type (the kind of physical activity you are doing)
Content: As we get older, muscle size and strength decline with age. But strength training exercises can rebuild and preserve muscles. Strength training also helps improves balance. Strength training can have a positive impact on your appearance. The FITT principle can help you incorporate strength training exercise into your physical activity plan. Frequency (how often you are physically active in a week)
It is recommended that you strength train your muscles at least two times per week. Rest at least one to two days in between working the same muscle groups again. For example, if you work your arm muscles on Monday, wait until Wednesday or Thursday to work them again. Small tears in the muscles occur during strength training. Rest is needed to allow the muscles to repair themselves, which is how they become bigger and stronger. | http://www.secondscount.org/heart-resources/heart-resources-detail-2/getting-fitt-with-strength-resistance-training |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_369239112#0_512462755 | Title: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Headings: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
How Is a Pulse Oximetry Test Performed?
Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Safe?
Why Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Important?
Content: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Email
Print
12/20/2014
<%url:"/resources/flash/WilliamsPulseOximetry.flv",title:"Learn About Pulse Oximetry Screenings and Their Life-Saving Benefits",mode:"transparent" %>
A pulse oximetry reading, such as the one shown here, indicates the percentage of hemoglobin in the red blood cells that contains oxygen. Normal is over 95%, while babies with heart defects can have saturations from 60% to 94%, or there may be a significant difference between saturations measured in the arms and legs. Babies who have a positive pulse oximetry screening should be evaluated by a pediatric cardiologist. A pulse oximetry screen is a noninvasive (and painless) test performed on all newborn babies to determine the level of oxygen in their blood. This test uses rays of light of different wavelengths to measure the percent of hemoglobin (the part of blood that carries oxygen) that is filled with oxygen. Normally, a newborn baby should have an oxygen saturation level that is greater than 95%. Screening using pulse oximetry can detect some infants with congenital heart disease who otherwise may go undetected for a while. There are some congenital heart defects that cause a newborn baby to have lower oxygen saturation in the blood after birth. It often can be difficult to determine if a baby has cyanosis ( bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygen content of the blood) just by looking at him or her after birth. How Is a Pulse Oximetry Test Performed? | http://www.secondscount.org/tests/test-detail-2/pulse-oximetry-screening |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_369239112#1_512464740 | Title: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Headings: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
How Is a Pulse Oximetry Test Performed?
Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Safe?
Why Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Important?
Content: Normally, a newborn baby should have an oxygen saturation level that is greater than 95%. Screening using pulse oximetry can detect some infants with congenital heart disease who otherwise may go undetected for a while. There are some congenital heart defects that cause a newborn baby to have lower oxygen saturation in the blood after birth. It often can be difficult to determine if a baby has cyanosis ( bluish discoloration of the skin due to poor oxygen content of the blood) just by looking at him or her after birth. How Is a Pulse Oximetry Test Performed? The pulse oximeter has a lighted probe that is temporarily attached to the baby’s finger, ear lobe, or foot. Once the baby’s finger is attached to the probe (usually by a sticker), the red light of the probe reads the amount of oxygen carried by the blood. The oxygen level is tested in both arms and both feet. In some kinds of congenital heart disease, the numbers can be different in the arms compared to the legs. It also helps to validate the test to do it in all of the extremities. | http://www.secondscount.org/tests/test-detail-2/pulse-oximetry-screening |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_369239112#2_512466247 | Title: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Headings: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
How Is a Pulse Oximetry Test Performed?
Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Safe?
Why Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Important?
Content: The pulse oximeter has a lighted probe that is temporarily attached to the baby’s finger, ear lobe, or foot. Once the baby’s finger is attached to the probe (usually by a sticker), the red light of the probe reads the amount of oxygen carried by the blood. The oxygen level is tested in both arms and both feet. In some kinds of congenital heart disease, the numbers can be different in the arms compared to the legs. It also helps to validate the test to do it in all of the extremities. The time required to complete this test is approximately 1 to 5 minutes. Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Safe? Yes. There are no known risks associated with pulse oximetry testing. This is not a blood test so it does not require a needle stick. | http://www.secondscount.org/tests/test-detail-2/pulse-oximetry-screening |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_369239112#3_512467429 | Title: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Headings: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
How Is a Pulse Oximetry Test Performed?
Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Safe?
Why Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Important?
Content: The time required to complete this test is approximately 1 to 5 minutes. Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Safe? Yes. There are no known risks associated with pulse oximetry testing. This is not a blood test so it does not require a needle stick. There is no radiation involved with this test as well. It simply temporarily shines a light through the skin to test how much of the blood contains oxygen. Why Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Important? Some congenital heart defects do not show signs within the first days or even weeks of life. Sometimes babies with significant congenital heart disease may not have a murmur after birth. | http://www.secondscount.org/tests/test-detail-2/pulse-oximetry-screening |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_369239112#4_512468496 | Title: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Headings: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
How Is a Pulse Oximetry Test Performed?
Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Safe?
Why Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Important?
Content: There is no radiation involved with this test as well. It simply temporarily shines a light through the skin to test how much of the blood contains oxygen. Why Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Important? Some congenital heart defects do not show signs within the first days or even weeks of life. Sometimes babies with significant congenital heart disease may not have a murmur after birth. Therefore, some babies may not show signs of significant congenital heart disease until after they become very sick. If healthcare providers discover a heart problem before a baby becomes ill, then the baby will have a better chance to do well with any necessary surgeries or procedures. Early diagnosis of the heart problem may also prevent damage to other organs that may occur when a baby becomes sick due to congenital heart disease. While pulse oximetry screening cannot rule out all forms of congenital heart disease, it is a good starting point for evaluating many serious types of congenital heart defects. In 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommended the pulse oximetry screening should be included in the routine evaluation that all newborn babies undergo before they are discharged from the hospital after birth. | http://www.secondscount.org/tests/test-detail-2/pulse-oximetry-screening |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_369239112#5_512470173 | Title: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Headings: Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
Pulse Oximetry Screening for Babies
How Is a Pulse Oximetry Test Performed?
Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Safe?
Why Is Pulse Oximetry Testing Important?
Content: Therefore, some babies may not show signs of significant congenital heart disease until after they become very sick. If healthcare providers discover a heart problem before a baby becomes ill, then the baby will have a better chance to do well with any necessary surgeries or procedures. Early diagnosis of the heart problem may also prevent damage to other organs that may occur when a baby becomes sick due to congenital heart disease. While pulse oximetry screening cannot rule out all forms of congenital heart disease, it is a good starting point for evaluating many serious types of congenital heart defects. In 2011, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommended the pulse oximetry screening should be included in the routine evaluation that all newborn babies undergo before they are discharged from the hospital after birth. More and more states are adopting this test as a routine procedure to be done on all newborn babies before they go home from the hospital. | http://www.secondscount.org/tests/test-detail-2/pulse-oximetry-screening |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_09_373822882#1_521547468 | Title: California Watermelon Statistics, Facts
Headings:
California Watermelon
History of Watermelons
Watermelon Facts
Square Watermelons
Watermelon Growing Areas, Tonnage, Revenue
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Content: Well, maybe they produce at least a ton of it, along with the Western region states and Mexico combined. California has aligned itself in a marketing effort under the hat of the Western Watermelon Association. The organization encompasses the states of Arizona, California, Nevada, New Mexico, Utah, Idaho, Oregon, Washington, Hawaii, and the country of Mexico. The Western U.S. region produces 1billion, 363 million pounds of watermelon or 1,363,000,000 or 32% of all the watermelons produced in the U.S. and Mexico. History of Watermelons
Egyptians had watermelons 5,000 years ago and then shared them with the rest of civilization in the 10th century, but the watermelons had to come from somewhere before they had them. Nevertheless, this is not a new food source but has been around through recorded history of Planet Earth. In ancient times travelers used watermelons as a replacement for water, and today if you were in a bind, that watermelon would quench your thirst just the same as it did back then. Why? Watermelons are more than 90% water. Watermelon Facts
Though watermelon is commonly considered as a fruit it is actually a vegetable! | http://www.seecalifornia.com/farms/california-watermelon.html |
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