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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1288384479#4_2622800492	Title: Headings: Content Pages in Canvas Content Pages in Canvas Content Pages Examples Communicate Essential Course Information via the Course Home Page select “Choose Home Page”, Organize Course Assignments Support Collaborative Learning students” under "Options: Can edit this page role selection”. In this example, Present Interactive Media Resources Content: In this example, students have listed important weekly vocabulary from a language class. Present Interactive Media Multimedia can often help elucidate a point, pique interests, and connect what students learn with the real world. Content Pages allow the instructor to intersperse text with links and embedded media. The student can access the outside media directly from the Content Page in Canvas, and the instructor can provide his or her commentary of the material. This gives the student immediate access to the material while he or she is working through the instructional commentary. In this example the instructor has provided commentary regarding an embedded video and provided a clickable link to an article.  Tip: Announcements, Assignments, and Discussions in Canvas also allow for tables, images, links, embedded media, etc. A Content Page is nevertheless preferable when the content isn’t specific to a single Announcement, Assignment, or Discussion. Content Pages serve as a fixed points of reference on the course site that students can review as needed.	https://cpb-us-w2.wpmucdn.com/voices.uchicago.edu/dist/8/90/files/2017/09/ContentPagesinCanvas_20170824b-2749p9x.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1288647431#0_2623225770	Title: Congressional Prayer Caucus Foundation Headings: Freedom of Religious Expression in Public Schools Freedom of Religious Expression in Public Schools Current legally protected rights of religious expression: Talking Points Take Action Pray for the protection of religious expression in public schools. Resources In the News Prayer Ousted By More School Districts, City Councils in South Carolina California Bill Threatens Religious Schools Pennsylvania School Votes Prayer Out, Moment of Silence In California School Board Standing Firm California School Sends Deputy To Warn 7-Year-Old About Bible Verses Wisconsin Student Allegedly Threatened with Failing Grade for Bible Reference Religious Liberty and Religious Schools Schools Bans Student Prayer Group And Christian-Led Anti-Bullying Program WA: Attorneys: School Violated Student's First Amendment Rights Professor Will Fight Charges Of ‘Proselytizing’ Will U.S. Supreme Court Determine Freedom Of Religious Universities? Content: Congressional Prayer Caucus Foundation Freedom of Religious Expression in Public Schools Freedom of Religious Expression in Public Schools Freedom of religion and religious expression, especially within the public school system, has been a highly contested issue for decades. The First Amendment to the United States Constitution contains two clauses that affect this issue: the Establishment Clause and the Free Exercise Clause. The Establishment Clause prohibits the federal government, or any state, from passing laws that establish an official religion; or any action that appears as preferring one religion over another. The Free Exercise Clause prohibits the federal government or any state from interfering with a person’s religious practice, though this freedom may be limited by civil or criminal law. Over the past 50 years, a number of cases and court challenges have surfaced pertaining to religious liberties within the public school system. During the Clinton Administration, the Secretary of Education, Richard Riley, issued a “statement of principles” that outlined permissible religious expression in public schools. Since then, a number of states using the successful model of the Texas State Legislature have enacted anti-discrimination laws that protect a student’s right to religious expression. Current legally protected rights of religious expression:	https://cpcfoundation.com/religious/religious-freedom/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1288647431#4_2623235680	Title: Congressional Prayer Caucus Foundation Headings: Freedom of Religious Expression in Public Schools Freedom of Religious Expression in Public Schools Current legally protected rights of religious expression: Talking Points Take Action Pray for the protection of religious expression in public schools. Resources In the News Prayer Ousted By More School Districts, City Councils in South Carolina California Bill Threatens Religious Schools Pennsylvania School Votes Prayer Out, Moment of Silence In California School Board Standing Firm California School Sends Deputy To Warn 7-Year-Old About Bible Verses Wisconsin Student Allegedly Threatened with Failing Grade for Bible Reference Religious Liberty and Religious Schools Schools Bans Student Prayer Group And Christian-Led Anti-Bullying Program WA: Attorneys: School Violated Student's First Amendment Rights Professor Will Fight Charges Of ‘Proselytizing’ Will U.S. Supreme Court Determine Freedom Of Religious Universities? Content: Christian Groups —Students religious groups at public secondary schools have the same right of access to school facilities as is enjoyed by other comparable student groups. Student Meetings —Student meetings may include a prayer service, Bible reading, or other worship exercise. Access —Students may use the public address system, the school newspaper, and the school bulletin board to announce their meetings, on the same terms as other student groups. ( This only applies to schools receiving federal funds.) Teaching —Schools may teach about religion, including the Bible or other scripture, the history of religion, the Bible-as-literature, and the role of religion in the United States and other countries. Schools are to be neutral with respect to religion. However, they may play an active role with respect to teaching civic values and virtue, and the moral code that holds us together as a community. Schools may not allow religious instruction by outsiders on school premises during the school day. However, school officials may dismiss students to off-premises religious instruction. Talking Points • Government, laws and public policies, like many things within society, do reflect a clear value system.	https://cpcfoundation.com/religious/religious-freedom/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1292539313#3_2631565595	Title: FCE: What it Is and How it Affects Workers Compensation and Personal Injury Cases Headings: What is a Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) in Workers Comp? What is a Functional Capacity Evaluation (FCE) in Workers Comp? FCE Guide: Learn What to Expect at Your Workers Compensation Functional Capacity Evaluation and How to Use it to Win Your Injury Case or Increase Settlement Value Understand How the FCE Impacts Your Workers Comp Claim What is an FCE? What is the Purpose of the Functional Capacity Evaluation? Who Does the FCE? Where Will the Functional Capacity Evaluation Take Place? What Happens During a Functional Capacity Evaluation? How Long Does an FCE Last? Who Will Order the FCE? Do I Have to Attend the Workers Comp FCE? Who Pays for the Functional Capacity Evaluation? How Much Does an FCE Cost? When is the Functional Capacity Evaluation Scheduled? Tips for Doing Well on the Functional Capacity Evaluation Is My Treating Physician Bound by the Physical Therapist’s Opinions from the Functional Capacity Evaluation? How Will the Insurance Company Use the FCE Report? Is My Workers Comp Claim Over After the Functional Capacity Evaluation? What Happens After the FCE – Is it Time to Settle My Workers Comp Case after the Functional Capacity Evaluation? What is the Difference Between a Permanent Impairment Rating and a FCE? What is the Difference Between an IME and a Functional Capacity Evaluation? Who are Some of the FCE Providers in Virginia? Can I Use the Functional Capacity Evaluation to Qualify for Social Security Disability Benefits? Do I Need to Hire a Workers Comp Attorney if I am Scheduled for an FCE? Content: Find out why hundreds of injured employees in Virginia have chosen me as their workers comp lawyer. What is an FCE? A Functional Capacity Evaluation is a set of tests, measurements, and observations used to assess your physical capacities and to determine your ability to return to a full or light duty position after a work injury or car accident. Many medical providers and insurance carriers consider functional testing more objective and accurate than the use of light duty restrictions issued by treating physicians. What is the Purpose of the Functional Capacity Evaluation? The purpose of the FCE is to evaluate your ability to work and to compare your abilities to the physical demands of your pre-injury job and other jobs that may be available in the labor market. That is why it is important for the insurance company to give the FCE examiner a complete and accurate written job description for the position you had at the time you were hurt. Otherwise the FCE examiner will have a difficult time reaching conclusions about whether you are capable of full duty. Your treating physician may use the FCE to recommend appropriate limitations and disability from work. Who Does the FCE?	https://cpollardlaw.com/virginia-workers-compensation/functional-capacity-evaluation-fce/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1302811545#3_2654893863	Title: Accenture Company Profile - Office Locations, Competitors, Revenue, Financials, Employees, Key People, Subsidiaries \| Craft.co Headings: Accenture Overview Suggest Edit Accenture Office Locations Accenture has offices in Dublin, Albany, Annapolis, Annapolis Junction and in 229 other locations Accenture Financials and Metrics Accenture Revenue Summary Revenue (Q2, 2021) Gross profit (Q2, 2021) Gross profit margin (Q2, 2021), % Net income (Q2, 2021) EBIT (Q2, 2021) Market capitalization (18-May-2021) Closing stock price (18-May-2021) Cash (28-Feb-2021) EV Income Statement Revenue Revenue growth, % Cost of goods sold Gross profit Revenue Cost of goods sold Gross profit Gross profit Margin, % Balance Sheet Cash Accounts Receivable Current Assets PP&E Cash Accounts Receivable Current Assets PP&E Cash Flow Net Income Depreciation and Amortization Accounts Payable Cash From Operating Activities Net Income Depreciation and Amortization Accounts Payable Cash From Operating Activities Ratios Financial Leverage Accenture Operating Metrics New Bookings New Bookings (Consulting) New Bookings (Outsourcing) Patents Issued Accenture Acquisitions / Subsidiaries Accenture Revenue Breakdown Human Capital Metrics Accenture Cybersecurity Score Cybersecurity rating Premium dataset Accenture Environment, Social & Governance (ESG) Ratings CSRHub ESG rating Premium dataset Accenture Website Traffic Alexa Website Rank Accenture Online and Social Media Presence 516.52k Twitter followers Accenture 's Trends Twitter Engagement Stats for @ Accenture Accenture Company Culture Overall Culture A+ CEO Rating A+ Compensation A- Diversity Accenture Frequently Asked Questions Content: Tweets per day Avg. retweets per Tweet Avg. likes per Tweet 0 10 20 30 21.6k Tweets 1.7k Following 516.5k Followers 54 Tweets last 30 days 24.3 Avg. likes per Tweet 98.1 % Tweets with engagement Accenture Company Culture Overall Culture A+ 81 /100 Created with Highcharts 7.1.2 CEO Rating A+ 83 /100 Created with Highcharts 7.1.2 Compensation A- 77 /100 Created with Highcharts 7.1.2 Diversity A 78 /100 Created with Highcharts 7.1.2 Learn more on Comparably Report incorrect company information Accenture Frequently Asked Questions When was Accenture founded? Accenture was founded in 1989. Who are Accenture key executives? Accenture's key executives are Julie Sweet, Paul Daugherty and Manish Sharma. How many employees does Accenture have? Accenture has 537,000 employees. What is Accenture revenue?	https://craft.co/accenture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1302811545#4_2654896606	Title: Accenture Company Profile - Office Locations, Competitors, Revenue, Financials, Employees, Key People, Subsidiaries \| Craft.co Headings: Accenture Overview Suggest Edit Accenture Office Locations Accenture has offices in Dublin, Albany, Annapolis, Annapolis Junction and in 229 other locations Accenture Financials and Metrics Accenture Revenue Summary Revenue (Q2, 2021) Gross profit (Q2, 2021) Gross profit margin (Q2, 2021), % Net income (Q2, 2021) EBIT (Q2, 2021) Market capitalization (18-May-2021) Closing stock price (18-May-2021) Cash (28-Feb-2021) EV Income Statement Revenue Revenue growth, % Cost of goods sold Gross profit Revenue Cost of goods sold Gross profit Gross profit Margin, % Balance Sheet Cash Accounts Receivable Current Assets PP&E Cash Accounts Receivable Current Assets PP&E Cash Flow Net Income Depreciation and Amortization Accounts Payable Cash From Operating Activities Net Income Depreciation and Amortization Accounts Payable Cash From Operating Activities Ratios Financial Leverage Accenture Operating Metrics New Bookings New Bookings (Consulting) New Bookings (Outsourcing) Patents Issued Accenture Acquisitions / Subsidiaries Accenture Revenue Breakdown Human Capital Metrics Accenture Cybersecurity Score Cybersecurity rating Premium dataset Accenture Environment, Social & Governance (ESG) Ratings CSRHub ESG rating Premium dataset Accenture Website Traffic Alexa Website Rank Accenture Online and Social Media Presence 516.52k Twitter followers Accenture 's Trends Twitter Engagement Stats for @ Accenture Accenture Company Culture Overall Culture A+ CEO Rating A+ Compensation A- Diversity Accenture Frequently Asked Questions Content: Who are Accenture key executives? Accenture's key executives are Julie Sweet, Paul Daugherty and Manish Sharma. How many employees does Accenture have? Accenture has 537,000 employees. What is Accenture revenue? Latest Accenture annual revenue is $44.3 b. What is Accenture revenue per employee? Latest Accenture revenue per employee is $82.5 k. Who are Accenture competitors? Competitors of Accenture include CGI, Atos and KPMG. Where is Accenture headquarters? Accenture headquarters is located at 1 Grand Canal Quay, Grand Canal Dock, Dublin.	https://craft.co/accenture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1303859615#0_2656817704	Title: Top Chick-fil-A Competitors and Alternatives \| Craft.co Headings: Chick-fil-A competitors Chick-fil-A competitors Clear all Financial Operating ⚠ View company profiles Content: Top Chick-fil-A Competitors and Alternatives \| Craft.co Chick-fil-A competitors Clear all Chick-fil-A's top competitors include Dunkin' Donuts, Chipotle Mexican Grill, Wendy's Company, Yum! Brands and Church's Chicken. Add company... You can compare up to 12 companies. Please remove a company to add a new one Chick-fil-A Dunkin' Donuts Chipotle Mexican Grill Wendy's Company Yum! Brands Church's Chicken Save Comparison Chick-fil-A Dunkin' Donuts Chipotle Mexican Grill Wendy's Company Yum! Brands Church's Chicken Save Comparison Chick-fil-A Chick-fil-A is a fast food restaurant chain specializing in chicken sandwiches. Dunkin' Donuts Dunkin' Donuts is a chain of coffee and baked goods restaurants. Chipotle Mexican Grill Chipotle Mexican Grill is a company that operates a chain of Mexican food restaurants. Wendy's Company The Wendy’s Company is a company engaged in the operating, developing, and franchising a system of quick-service restaurants. Yum!	https://craft.co/chick-fil-a-inc/competitors
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1305993374#0_2660629222	Title: Top Nestle Competitors and Alternatives \| Craft.co Headings: Nestle competitors Nestle competitors Clear all Nestle's top competitors include Keurig Dr Pepper, Unilever, Mondelez International, Hershey, Mars, PepsiCo, Danone and Kraft Heinz. Financial Operating ⚠ View company profiles Content: Top Nestle Competitors and Alternatives \| Craft.co Overview Locations Key People Competitors Revenue Financials & Metrics Home / Nestle / Competitors Nestle competitors Clear all Nestle's top competitors include Keurig Dr Pepper, Unilever, Mondelez International, Hershey, Mars, PepsiCo, Danone and Kraft Heinz. Add company... You can compare up to 12 companies. Please remove a company to add a new one Nestle Keurig Dr Pepper Unilever Mondelez International Hershey Mars PepsiCo Danone Kraft Heinz Save Comparison Nestle Keurig Dr Pepper Unilever Mondelez International Hershey Mars PepsiCo Danone Kraft Heinz Save Comparison Nestle Nestle is a global food and beverage company. Keurig Dr Pepper Keurig Dr Pepper is a beverage company in with a diverse portfolio of flavored soft drinks, including water, ready-to-drink tea and coffee, juice, juice drinks, mixers, and specialty coffee. Unilever Unilever produces and supplies fast moving consumer goods in food, home, and personal care product categories. Mondelez International Mondelēz International is a confectionery, food, and beverage company. Hershey Hershey is a company manufacturing and selling confectionery products. Mars Mars is a global manufacturer of confectionery, pet nutrition, and other food products and a provider of petcare services. PepsiCo PepsiCo is a food and beverage company. Danone Danone is a food company that operates through four segments:	https://craft.co/nestle/competitors
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1313742463#7_2679029139	Title: How to Make Lip Gloss - Crafts by Amanda - Bath & Body Headings: How to Make Lip Gloss How to Make Lip Gloss Why This Project Works Check out our featured craft video! Craft supplies you will need: Craft information: How to Make Lip Gloss Expert Crafting Tips: More Bath & Body Craft Projects How to Make Lip Gloss Supplies Craft tools Instructions Expert Tips & FAQs Ann Kollegger Content: To make your lip gloss shimmer, add about a teaspoon of edible glitter (in the color of your choice). The finished lip gloss will have a little texture and shimmer due to the glitter! Use a clean spoon to stir mixture together in each bowl. Scoop 1 flavor mixture in each mini container. Tap the container on your work surface to remove air bubbles then put the lid on. Expert Crafting Tips: Use finished lip gloss for up to 3 months. For a fun twist, layer 2 different flavors in a container! If you prefer, you can use solid coconut oil instead of petroleum jelly. Use caution when handling the bowl of melted petroleum jelly – it is hot!	https://craftsbyamanda.com/how-to-make-lip-gloss/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1313742463#13_2679037570	Title: How to Make Lip Gloss - Crafts by Amanda - Bath & Body Headings: How to Make Lip Gloss How to Make Lip Gloss Why This Project Works Check out our featured craft video! Craft supplies you will need: Craft information: How to Make Lip Gloss Expert Crafting Tips: More Bath & Body Craft Projects How to Make Lip Gloss Supplies Craft tools Instructions Expert Tips & FAQs Ann Kollegger Content: Add a pinch of sugar to each bowl. To make your lip gloss shimmer, add about a teaspoon of the edible glitter gel (in the color of your choice, optional). The finished lip gloss will have a little texture and shimmer due to the glitter! Use a clean spoon to stir mixture together in each bowl. Scoop 1 flavor mixture into each container. Tap container on your work surface to remove air bubbles and then put the lid on. Expert Tips & FAQs Use finished lip gloss for up to 3 months. For a fun twist, layer 2 different flavors in a container! If you prefer, can use coconut oil instead of petroleum jelly. Use caution when handling the bowl of melted petroleum jelly - it is hot!	https://craftsbyamanda.com/how-to-make-lip-gloss/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1330565809#5_2715047734	Title: How to Add Watermark in PowerPoint 2007, 2010, 2013 & 2016 - Crazy Tech Tricks Headings: How to Add Watermark in PowerPoint 2007, 2010, 2013 & 2016 How to Add Watermark in PowerPoint 2007, 2010, 2013 & 2016 Why do you need to Add Watermark in PowerPoint? How to Add Watermark in PowerPoint 2007, 2010, 2013 & 2016 Insert/Add Watermark in PowerPoint 2007, 2010, 2013 & 2016 Remove Watermark from PowerPoint Last Words on How to Add Watermark in PowerPoint 2007, 2010 & 2013 Content: You can add your desired watermark to the background of your PowerPoint slide to protect your claim. Keep reading this article till the end, as I will also share a method to remove a watermark from PowerPoint slides. Read more: How to Create a Template in Excel 2010, 2013 & 2016 Insert/Add Watermark in PowerPoint 2007, 2010, 2013 & 2016 I am sharing the same guide for Microsoft PowerPoint 2007, 2010 & 2013. The method is the same as you need to add an image under the Format Shape. Only the icons and presentation of these points will change. But the name is the same. So we are sharing the same method for all Microsoft PowerPoint versions. First, open the presentation or slide where you want to add watermark. Click on View > Slide Master > Insert > Shapes.	https://crazytechtricks.com/how-to-add-watermark-in-powerpoint-2007-2010-2013-2016/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1332272193#1_2719424062	Title: How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment Headings: How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of Some 90 percent of patients with systemic sclerosis have gastrointestinal symptoms, and the esophagus is predominantly affected. How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus Symptoms of Scleroderma in the Esophagus How Esophageal Scleroderma Is Diagnosed Upper endoscopy Esophageal manometry Barium esophagram Esophageal pH testing Complications and Risks from Scleroderma in the Esophagus Barrett’s Esophagus Aspiration and Lung Issues Esophageal Strictures Treating Scleroderma in the Esophagus Lifestyle Changes Medication for Reflux Medication for Slow Digestion Surgery and Procedures for Esophageal Scleroderma Get Involved in Scleroderma Research Keep Reading Sources Content: Learn more general information here about scleroderma and systemic sclerosis. Systemic sclerosis causes all-over inflammation and thickening and tightening of connective tissue, which can cause scarring and damage in different areas of the body, including the lungs, heart, kidneys, and the gastrointestinal tract, where it can lead to very obvious symptoms like acid reflux and pain and difficulty swallowing. Gastrointestinal (GI) involvement in scleroderma and systemic sclerosis is very common; it is thought to affect some 90 percent of patients, with symptoms ranging from mild to severe. GI symptoms are much more common in people with systemic disease compared with localized disease. The esophagus — the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, carrying food and liquids to be digested — is the most commonly affected part of the GI tract in systemic sclerosis. This is sometimes referred to as esophageal scleroderma. Here, learn more about what causes esophageal scleroderma, symptoms to watch for, and how it is treated and managed. How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus The same scarring and thickening that causes outward skin changes can also affect smooth muscle tissue in organs throughout the body. In the GI tract, scleroderma can affect the smooth muscle of the esophagus, damaging healthy tissue and replacing it with scar tissue.	https://creakyjoints.org/comorbid-conditions/scleroderma-esophagus/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1332272193#2_2719426549	Title: How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment Headings: How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of Some 90 percent of patients with systemic sclerosis have gastrointestinal symptoms, and the esophagus is predominantly affected. How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus Symptoms of Scleroderma in the Esophagus How Esophageal Scleroderma Is Diagnosed Upper endoscopy Esophageal manometry Barium esophagram Esophageal pH testing Complications and Risks from Scleroderma in the Esophagus Barrett’s Esophagus Aspiration and Lung Issues Esophageal Strictures Treating Scleroderma in the Esophagus Lifestyle Changes Medication for Reflux Medication for Slow Digestion Surgery and Procedures for Esophageal Scleroderma Get Involved in Scleroderma Research Keep Reading Sources Content: The esophagus — the tube that connects the mouth to the stomach, carrying food and liquids to be digested — is the most commonly affected part of the GI tract in systemic sclerosis. This is sometimes referred to as esophageal scleroderma. Here, learn more about what causes esophageal scleroderma, symptoms to watch for, and how it is treated and managed. How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus The same scarring and thickening that causes outward skin changes can also affect smooth muscle tissue in organs throughout the body. In the GI tract, scleroderma can affect the smooth muscle of the esophagus, damaging healthy tissue and replacing it with scar tissue. Scleroderma causes strictures, or narrowing, of the esophagus and makes the muscle tissue weaker. This can cause what doctors refer to as “motility disturbance” — or trouble with food and liquid being able to travel down the esophagus. This leads to two main issues that affect patients’ quality of life: Food travels more slowly, which can make swallowing difficult and make people feel full and bloated The sphincter muscle between the esophagus and the stomach (which helps prevent food from traveling backward into the esophagus after it has entered the stomach) doesn’t close fully, causing gastroesophageal reflux, also called acid reflux or heartburn “Esophageal involvement in scleroderma is incredibly common, but some of that depends on how it is defined and how aggressively it is searched for,” says Robert Spiera, MD, rheumatologist and director of the Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City. While scleroderma and systemic sclerosis are usually treated by a rheumatologist, people who have worsening GI involvement usually need additional treatment from a gastroenterologist.	https://creakyjoints.org/comorbid-conditions/scleroderma-esophagus/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1332272193#3_2719429520	Title: How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment Headings: How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of Some 90 percent of patients with systemic sclerosis have gastrointestinal symptoms, and the esophagus is predominantly affected. How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus Symptoms of Scleroderma in the Esophagus How Esophageal Scleroderma Is Diagnosed Upper endoscopy Esophageal manometry Barium esophagram Esophageal pH testing Complications and Risks from Scleroderma in the Esophagus Barrett’s Esophagus Aspiration and Lung Issues Esophageal Strictures Treating Scleroderma in the Esophagus Lifestyle Changes Medication for Reflux Medication for Slow Digestion Surgery and Procedures for Esophageal Scleroderma Get Involved in Scleroderma Research Keep Reading Sources Content: Scleroderma causes strictures, or narrowing, of the esophagus and makes the muscle tissue weaker. This can cause what doctors refer to as “motility disturbance” — or trouble with food and liquid being able to travel down the esophagus. This leads to two main issues that affect patients’ quality of life: Food travels more slowly, which can make swallowing difficult and make people feel full and bloated The sphincter muscle between the esophagus and the stomach (which helps prevent food from traveling backward into the esophagus after it has entered the stomach) doesn’t close fully, causing gastroesophageal reflux, also called acid reflux or heartburn “Esophageal involvement in scleroderma is incredibly common, but some of that depends on how it is defined and how aggressively it is searched for,” says Robert Spiera, MD, rheumatologist and director of the Vasculitis and Scleroderma Program at the Hospital for Special Surgery in New York City. While scleroderma and systemic sclerosis are usually treated by a rheumatologist, people who have worsening GI involvement usually need additional treatment from a gastroenterologist. Symptoms of Scleroderma in the Esophagus When you eat, foods travels from your mouth, to your throat, and into the stomach through a tube called the esophagus. Normally, a valve at the bottom of the esophagus acts as a one-way gate that opens to let food enter the stomach, then closes to prevent food from coming back up. When you have systemic sclerosis, the gate doesn’t close properly, so partially digested food that has entered the stomach can back up into the esophagus. This known as gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. GERD may cause a burning sensation (heartburn) in your chest, throat, or mouth as food and acid return into the esophagus.	https://creakyjoints.org/comorbid-conditions/scleroderma-esophagus/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1332272193#4_2719432480	Title: How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment Headings: How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of Some 90 percent of patients with systemic sclerosis have gastrointestinal symptoms, and the esophagus is predominantly affected. How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus Symptoms of Scleroderma in the Esophagus How Esophageal Scleroderma Is Diagnosed Upper endoscopy Esophageal manometry Barium esophagram Esophageal pH testing Complications and Risks from Scleroderma in the Esophagus Barrett’s Esophagus Aspiration and Lung Issues Esophageal Strictures Treating Scleroderma in the Esophagus Lifestyle Changes Medication for Reflux Medication for Slow Digestion Surgery and Procedures for Esophageal Scleroderma Get Involved in Scleroderma Research Keep Reading Sources Content: Symptoms of Scleroderma in the Esophagus When you eat, foods travels from your mouth, to your throat, and into the stomach through a tube called the esophagus. Normally, a valve at the bottom of the esophagus acts as a one-way gate that opens to let food enter the stomach, then closes to prevent food from coming back up. When you have systemic sclerosis, the gate doesn’t close properly, so partially digested food that has entered the stomach can back up into the esophagus. This known as gastroesophageal reflux disease, or GERD. GERD may cause a burning sensation (heartburn) in your chest, throat, or mouth as food and acid return into the esophagus. Acid from the stomach, which is used in digestion, can injure the lining of the lower portion of the esophagus, causing further scarring and narrowing of the tube. Other symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing Pain when swallowing Feeling like food is stuck in your esophagus Heartburn Regurgitation Choking on food Chest pain Hoarseness or lost voice About half of patients with scleroderma have GERD or dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), says Dr. Spiera. “People will say it feels like something is caught in their throat,” says Kenneth Beer, MD, a dermatologist in West Palm Beach, Florida, who is affiliated with Good Samaritan Medical Center in West Palm Beach. When scleroderma affects other parts of the GI tract, such as the small intestine, large intestine, or the anal sphincter, it can cause additional symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, bloating and gassiness, fecal incontinence, and gastroparesis, which is when it takes food a long time to leave the GI tract during digestion.	https://creakyjoints.org/comorbid-conditions/scleroderma-esophagus/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1332272193#5_2719435284	Title: How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment Headings: How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of Some 90 percent of patients with systemic sclerosis have gastrointestinal symptoms, and the esophagus is predominantly affected. How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus Symptoms of Scleroderma in the Esophagus How Esophageal Scleroderma Is Diagnosed Upper endoscopy Esophageal manometry Barium esophagram Esophageal pH testing Complications and Risks from Scleroderma in the Esophagus Barrett’s Esophagus Aspiration and Lung Issues Esophageal Strictures Treating Scleroderma in the Esophagus Lifestyle Changes Medication for Reflux Medication for Slow Digestion Surgery and Procedures for Esophageal Scleroderma Get Involved in Scleroderma Research Keep Reading Sources Content: Acid from the stomach, which is used in digestion, can injure the lining of the lower portion of the esophagus, causing further scarring and narrowing of the tube. Other symptoms may include: Difficulty swallowing Pain when swallowing Feeling like food is stuck in your esophagus Heartburn Regurgitation Choking on food Chest pain Hoarseness or lost voice About half of patients with scleroderma have GERD or dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), says Dr. Spiera. “People will say it feels like something is caught in their throat,” says Kenneth Beer, MD, a dermatologist in West Palm Beach, Florida, who is affiliated with Good Samaritan Medical Center in West Palm Beach. When scleroderma affects other parts of the GI tract, such as the small intestine, large intestine, or the anal sphincter, it can cause additional symptoms such as diarrhea, constipation, bloating and gassiness, fecal incontinence, and gastroparesis, which is when it takes food a long time to leave the GI tract during digestion. Gastroparesis symptoms including feeling full quickly, nausea, vomiting, and abdominal pain. How Esophageal Scleroderma Is Diagnosed Doctors can run different tests doctors to assess how scleroderma is affecting the esophagus and gastrointestinal tract. Generally, doctors perform these tests only in patients who are complaining of GI-related symptoms, like heartburn or difficulty swallowing. Upper endoscopy This procedure uses a thin, flexible tube with a tiny camera on the end. It’s inserted through the mouth to look at the upper digestive system.	https://creakyjoints.org/comorbid-conditions/scleroderma-esophagus/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1332272193#11_2719450774	Title: How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment Headings: How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of How Does Scleroderma Affect the Esophagus? The Red Flags to Be Aware Of Some 90 percent of patients with systemic sclerosis have gastrointestinal symptoms, and the esophagus is predominantly affected. How Scleroderma Affects the Esophagus Symptoms of Scleroderma in the Esophagus How Esophageal Scleroderma Is Diagnosed Upper endoscopy Esophageal manometry Barium esophagram Esophageal pH testing Complications and Risks from Scleroderma in the Esophagus Barrett’s Esophagus Aspiration and Lung Issues Esophageal Strictures Treating Scleroderma in the Esophagus Lifestyle Changes Medication for Reflux Medication for Slow Digestion Surgery and Procedures for Esophageal Scleroderma Get Involved in Scleroderma Research Keep Reading Sources Content: That can cause cough and respiratory issues, including pneumonia or worsening lung function. Esophageal Strictures An esophageal stricture is a narrowing of the esophagus. In people with scleroderma, the most common cause of an esophageal stricture is long-standing GERD. The main symptom is difficulty swallowing, known as dysphagia. You may feel like food is sticking or having a hard time going through your chest, upper abdomen, or throat. You may at first have a tough time swallowing solids or pills. It may be hard to swallow liquids as the narrowing worsens. Treating Scleroderma in the Esophagus Managing esophageal scleroderma is generally about addressing troublesome symptoms like heartburn and difficulty swallowing. Treating GERD in patients with scleroderma is usually similar to treating GERD in patients without it, although symptoms in esophageal scleroderma are usually more severe. This can be done through a combination of medications and lifestyle changes.	https://creakyjoints.org/comorbid-conditions/scleroderma-esophagus/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1335772831#1_2728774871	Title: 8 Visual Teaching Strategies to Win Over Your Students' Attention Headings: The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies Explain Relationships with Concept Maps Enhance the Student’s Memory with Mind Maps Provide a clear overview of the topic at hand Brainstorm and generate discussion Map Processes with Flowcharts Tell Stories with Storyboards Solve Problems with Fishbone Diagrams Switch Long Notes with Infographics Compare and Contrast with Venn Diagrams Clarify Complex Topics with Spider Diagrams Want to Expand the Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies? Content: This is where visual tools come into play. Human beings not only comprehend visuals 60,000x faster than text, but visuals have a far more significant impact on their long-term memory than other communication methods. Let’s take a look at eight visual teaching strategies that you can use to boost your student’s engagement in the classroom and help them learn faster. Explain Relationships with Concept Maps Are your students having a hard time connecting the dots between the different components in a concept? Made of nodes that represent ideas and connectors that represent relationships, concept maps make use of dual coding. This means students effectively learn the material through both text labels and the visual structure of the map. Click the template to edit it online Incorporating a concept map to teach or study help students link new knowledge to what they already know. Following are 2 effective ways you can make use of a concept map in the classroom. Create one large-scale concept map of the lesson and a series of more specific maps analyzing the subtopics under it. These can be shared with your students as handouts that they can refer to later while studying.	https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/visual-teaching-strategies/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1335772831#2_2728776902	Title: 8 Visual Teaching Strategies to Win Over Your Students' Attention Headings: The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies Explain Relationships with Concept Maps Enhance the Student’s Memory with Mind Maps Provide a clear overview of the topic at hand Brainstorm and generate discussion Map Processes with Flowcharts Tell Stories with Storyboards Solve Problems with Fishbone Diagrams Switch Long Notes with Infographics Compare and Contrast with Venn Diagrams Clarify Complex Topics with Spider Diagrams Want to Expand the Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies? Content: This means students effectively learn the material through both text labels and the visual structure of the map. Click the template to edit it online Incorporating a concept map to teach or study help students link new knowledge to what they already know. Following are 2 effective ways you can make use of a concept map in the classroom. Create one large-scale concept map of the lesson and a series of more specific maps analyzing the subtopics under it. These can be shared with your students as handouts that they can refer to later while studying. Carry out fun exercises with students using concept maps, where you can get students to fill in the blank nodes or labels on the map, or choose from a list of information provided by you. Creately Tip: Make use of real-time collaboration within the Creately app to get the participation of your students when drawing concept maps. You can suggest changes and guide them as they work on the map. Enhance the Student’s Memory with Mind Maps Enhancing memory and stimulating creativity of students are two of the biggest challenges teachers face.	https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/visual-teaching-strategies/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1335772831#3_2728778843	Title: 8 Visual Teaching Strategies to Win Over Your Students' Attention Headings: The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies Explain Relationships with Concept Maps Enhance the Student’s Memory with Mind Maps Provide a clear overview of the topic at hand Brainstorm and generate discussion Map Processes with Flowcharts Tell Stories with Storyboards Solve Problems with Fishbone Diagrams Switch Long Notes with Infographics Compare and Contrast with Venn Diagrams Clarify Complex Topics with Spider Diagrams Want to Expand the Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies? Content: Carry out fun exercises with students using concept maps, where you can get students to fill in the blank nodes or labels on the map, or choose from a list of information provided by you. Creately Tip: Make use of real-time collaboration within the Creately app to get the participation of your students when drawing concept maps. You can suggest changes and guide them as they work on the map. Enhance the Student’s Memory with Mind Maps Enhancing memory and stimulating creativity of students are two of the biggest challenges teachers face. Now, there are a number of techniques used in the classrooms to facilitate these purposes, but visualization still stands out as one of the most effective methods. And mind maps – popularly known as an effective study technique – do the trick better and faster. Mind maps combine everything that is needed to boost creative power and memory, together. For example, using images instead of text on your mind map can help students recall that piece of information faster. Likewise, taking apart a topic via a mind map using keywords instead of long phrases and color coding, help remember information better.	https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/visual-teaching-strategies/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1335772831#4_2728780847	Title: 8 Visual Teaching Strategies to Win Over Your Students' Attention Headings: The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies Explain Relationships with Concept Maps Enhance the Student’s Memory with Mind Maps Provide a clear overview of the topic at hand Brainstorm and generate discussion Map Processes with Flowcharts Tell Stories with Storyboards Solve Problems with Fishbone Diagrams Switch Long Notes with Infographics Compare and Contrast with Venn Diagrams Clarify Complex Topics with Spider Diagrams Want to Expand the Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies? Content: Now, there are a number of techniques used in the classrooms to facilitate these purposes, but visualization still stands out as one of the most effective methods. And mind maps – popularly known as an effective study technique – do the trick better and faster. Mind maps combine everything that is needed to boost creative power and memory, together. For example, using images instead of text on your mind map can help students recall that piece of information faster. Likewise, taking apart a topic via a mind map using keywords instead of long phrases and color coding, help remember information better. Click the template to edit it online Mind maps can be used in a number of useful ways in the classroom to improve teaching and learning. Provide a clear overview of the topic at hand Before the beginning of the lesson or after, hand your students a mind map based on the topic. This can be further developed by students during the lesson or when they refer to it later. Creately Tip: Create live mind maps or knowledge banks where you can include links to additional resources right within your mind map.	https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/visual-teaching-strategies/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1335772831#5_2728782808	Title: 8 Visual Teaching Strategies to Win Over Your Students' Attention Headings: The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies Explain Relationships with Concept Maps Enhance the Student’s Memory with Mind Maps Provide a clear overview of the topic at hand Brainstorm and generate discussion Map Processes with Flowcharts Tell Stories with Storyboards Solve Problems with Fishbone Diagrams Switch Long Notes with Infographics Compare and Contrast with Venn Diagrams Clarify Complex Topics with Spider Diagrams Want to Expand the Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies? Content: Click the template to edit it online Mind maps can be used in a number of useful ways in the classroom to improve teaching and learning. Provide a clear overview of the topic at hand Before the beginning of the lesson or after, hand your students a mind map based on the topic. This can be further developed by students during the lesson or when they refer to it later. Creately Tip: Create live mind maps or knowledge banks where you can include links to additional resources right within your mind map. This could come in handy for students when doing their research on the topic. Brainstorm and generate discussion Mind maps can provide the structure for a productive brainstorming session . Put down the topic under discussion in the middle of your map and ask your students to identify ideas related to it. Generating active discussion among your students like this can help them memorize what you teach more effectively. Map Processes with Flowcharts Flowcharts help map out the steps of a process clearly, be it to explain to your students how to properly write an essay or to describe how the Earth was created.	https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/visual-teaching-strategies/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1335772831#6_2728784769	Title: 8 Visual Teaching Strategies to Win Over Your Students' Attention Headings: The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies The Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies Explain Relationships with Concept Maps Enhance the Student’s Memory with Mind Maps Provide a clear overview of the topic at hand Brainstorm and generate discussion Map Processes with Flowcharts Tell Stories with Storyboards Solve Problems with Fishbone Diagrams Switch Long Notes with Infographics Compare and Contrast with Venn Diagrams Clarify Complex Topics with Spider Diagrams Want to Expand the Ultimate List of Visual Teaching Strategies? Content: This could come in handy for students when doing their research on the topic. Brainstorm and generate discussion Mind maps can provide the structure for a productive brainstorming session . Put down the topic under discussion in the middle of your map and ask your students to identify ideas related to it. Generating active discussion among your students like this can help them memorize what you teach more effectively. Map Processes with Flowcharts Flowcharts help map out the steps of a process clearly, be it to explain to your students how to properly write an essay or to describe how the Earth was created. Any complex scientific or technical process can be demystified with the help of flowcharts; since flowcharts let you illustrate each process step, students won’t have a hard time figuring out how it works. Click the template to edit it online Unfamiliar with the use of flowcharts? This ultimate flowchart tutorial explains everything you need to know about flowcharts. Flowcharts can be used in your classroom in a number of effective ways;	https://creately.com/blog/diagrams/visual-teaching-strategies/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1336878153#5_2731805965	Title: Is Acrylic Paint Non Toxic? How To Avoid Crafter's Remorse! Headings: Is Acrylic Paint Non Toxic? How To Avoid Crafter’s Remorse! Is Acrylic Paint Non Toxic? How To Avoid Crafter’s Remorse! Is Acrylic Paint Non Toxic? How To Avoid Crafter’s Remorse! No tools yet? Get My FREE Checklist Pin for Later? Are All Acrylic Paints Non Toxic (And What Makes Them That Way?) Is Your Acrylic Paint Non Toxic? Look At the Label! Acrylic Paints I Use That Are Definitely Non Toxic! Content: That’s toxic stuff right there! We have definitely come pretty far since then. But it’s not just lead that’s got the potential to be hazardous; there are other materials which include mercury, cadmium, chromium, and cobalt that aren’t so good where your paint is concerned. Pin for Later? Are All Acrylic Paints Non Toxic (And What Makes Them That Way?) Generally, most acrylic paints are non toxic when used as directed. Acrylics in general contain polymers, pigments, and binding agents, but the main takeaway is that they are water-based, which means you can clean them off a surface or brushtip with water. Solvents which are used to mix, thin, or dilute oil based paint, are potentially hazardous (being flammable or due to their vapors) which may put off more sensitive people, who are no doubt, drawn more to want to paint with acrylics, because they do not work with solvents. Obviously this doesn’t mean you should try to huff paint LOL …I just mean, that non – toxic pretty much means that as long as you use it responsibly.	https://createwithjennifer.com/is-acrylic-paint-non-toxic/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1341996649#1_2742964582	Title: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More \| Creative Market Blog Headings: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Currently Reading: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Blog The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements 60 Minimalist Logos by vuuuds in Templates Axon \| Minimalist Sans Serif Family by Graphicfresh in Fonts Minimalist Business Card by Propex in Templates Characteristics of Minimalism Web Design Flat Design Google’s Material Design Minimal Wordpress Theme- Simply Pro by Bloom Blog Shop in Web Themes Minimalist Interior Design Surfaces Neutral or Light Color Bases Consistent Textures and Tones Minimalist Architecture The Bare Essentials A Respect for Space Japanese Architecture Beauty in Simplicity Products Seen In This Post: Free lettering worksheets Getting started with hand lettering? Marc Schenker Content: As a design movement, minimalism is still relatively new, having only come into its own in the late 1960s and early 1970s, particularly with American visual art. In its most stripped-down definition, minimalism is about designers expressing only the most essential and necessary elements of a product or subject by getting rid of any excessive and, therefore, unnecessary components and features. As with many other movements, the minimalist design trend is a reaction to and rejection of an earlier design philosophy that fell out of favor. Minimalism is all around us. You can see it anywhere from the user interface of your favorite website or app to the package design of your latest gift and the design on the cup of your favorite cup of coffee. Here’s a look at minimalism, its history, and some stunning examples of this design movement. Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism was a rejection of the extremely subjective designs and works of abstract expressionism. By distilling a product, painting or subject down to its bare essentials, minimalists wanted to showcase its true form. Abstract expressionism is an approach to design that combines self-denial and emotional intensity, which produces designs that some see as chaotic, rebellious, and even nihilistic.	https://creativemarket.com/blog/minimalist-design-trend
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1341996649#2_2742967076	Title: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More \| Creative Market Blog Headings: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Currently Reading: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Blog The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements 60 Minimalist Logos by vuuuds in Templates Axon \| Minimalist Sans Serif Family by Graphicfresh in Fonts Minimalist Business Card by Propex in Templates Characteristics of Minimalism Web Design Flat Design Google’s Material Design Minimal Wordpress Theme- Simply Pro by Bloom Blog Shop in Web Themes Minimalist Interior Design Surfaces Neutral or Light Color Bases Consistent Textures and Tones Minimalist Architecture The Bare Essentials A Respect for Space Japanese Architecture Beauty in Simplicity Products Seen In This Post: Free lettering worksheets Getting started with hand lettering? Marc Schenker Content: Here’s a look at minimalism, its history, and some stunning examples of this design movement. Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism was a rejection of the extremely subjective designs and works of abstract expressionism. By distilling a product, painting or subject down to its bare essentials, minimalists wanted to showcase its true form. Abstract expressionism is an approach to design that combines self-denial and emotional intensity, which produces designs that some see as chaotic, rebellious, and even nihilistic. Unsurprisingly, spontaneity (or at least the impression thereof) is the main feature of abstract expressionism. Minimalism, in stark contrast, takes form, color, and space and reduces them to such simplicity to attain their essential nature. At this point, the philosophy goes, one can’t remove anything else from the design to improve it further in any way, shape or form. That’s when you know that true minimalism has been reached. Call it a form of design nirvana, where bliss in design is attained by removing all of the excesses!	https://creativemarket.com/blog/minimalist-design-trend
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1341996649#3_2742969364	Title: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More \| Creative Market Blog Headings: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Currently Reading: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Blog The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements 60 Minimalist Logos by vuuuds in Templates Axon \| Minimalist Sans Serif Family by Graphicfresh in Fonts Minimalist Business Card by Propex in Templates Characteristics of Minimalism Web Design Flat Design Google’s Material Design Minimal Wordpress Theme- Simply Pro by Bloom Blog Shop in Web Themes Minimalist Interior Design Surfaces Neutral or Light Color Bases Consistent Textures and Tones Minimalist Architecture The Bare Essentials A Respect for Space Japanese Architecture Beauty in Simplicity Products Seen In This Post: Free lettering worksheets Getting started with hand lettering? Marc Schenker Content: Unsurprisingly, spontaneity (or at least the impression thereof) is the main feature of abstract expressionism. Minimalism, in stark contrast, takes form, color, and space and reduces them to such simplicity to attain their essential nature. At this point, the philosophy goes, one can’t remove anything else from the design to improve it further in any way, shape or form. That’s when you know that true minimalism has been reached. Call it a form of design nirvana, where bliss in design is attained by removing all of the excesses! Save A group of artists in New York in the 1960s began to put this school of design on the map when they experimented with what’s known as geometric abstraction. Their minimalist art focused on geometric shapes and forms—and you can see why this naturally gave way to minimalism. Geometric shapes and forms are as basic to human comprehension as it gets. Interestingly, this geometric abstraction was already present in the heyday of Islamic art, many centuries before geometric abstraction and the ensuing minimalist design trend ever hit European or American shores. Since the depiction of religious figures was not allowed in Islamic art, Muslim painters had to rely on geometric shapes as a method to associate religion with both art and science—which was a big theme in Islamic art.	https://creativemarket.com/blog/minimalist-design-trend
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1341996649#4_2742971907	Title: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More \| Creative Market Blog Headings: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Currently Reading: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Blog The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements 60 Minimalist Logos by vuuuds in Templates Axon \| Minimalist Sans Serif Family by Graphicfresh in Fonts Minimalist Business Card by Propex in Templates Characteristics of Minimalism Web Design Flat Design Google’s Material Design Minimal Wordpress Theme- Simply Pro by Bloom Blog Shop in Web Themes Minimalist Interior Design Surfaces Neutral or Light Color Bases Consistent Textures and Tones Minimalist Architecture The Bare Essentials A Respect for Space Japanese Architecture Beauty in Simplicity Products Seen In This Post: Free lettering worksheets Getting started with hand lettering? Marc Schenker Content: Save A group of artists in New York in the 1960s began to put this school of design on the map when they experimented with what’s known as geometric abstraction. Their minimalist art focused on geometric shapes and forms—and you can see why this naturally gave way to minimalism. Geometric shapes and forms are as basic to human comprehension as it gets. Interestingly, this geometric abstraction was already present in the heyday of Islamic art, many centuries before geometric abstraction and the ensuing minimalist design trend ever hit European or American shores. Since the depiction of religious figures was not allowed in Islamic art, Muslim painters had to rely on geometric shapes as a method to associate religion with both art and science—which was a big theme in Islamic art. When New York artists began dabbling in geometric abstraction, they unknowingly laid the groundwork for minimalism. Some prominent American artists of this time include: Donald Judd Dan Flavin Carl Andre Frank Stella Al Held Robert Ryman Kenneth Noland Save Judd’s and Flavin’s contributions to minimalism can be seen in their works from this early era, especially Judd’s showings at the Green Gallery in New York, where three of his sculptures were on display, and Flavin’s green fluorescent light, which is a stark embodiment of minimalism, almost aggressively pushing out at the viewers. Save Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements When you study the roots of minimalism, you begin to notice overlaps and associations with other noteworthy design movements in human history. This is natural because trends usually borrow from and are inspired by one another.	https://creativemarket.com/blog/minimalist-design-trend
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1341996649#5_2742974826	Title: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More \| Creative Market Blog Headings: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Currently Reading: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Blog The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements 60 Minimalist Logos by vuuuds in Templates Axon \| Minimalist Sans Serif Family by Graphicfresh in Fonts Minimalist Business Card by Propex in Templates Characteristics of Minimalism Web Design Flat Design Google’s Material Design Minimal Wordpress Theme- Simply Pro by Bloom Blog Shop in Web Themes Minimalist Interior Design Surfaces Neutral or Light Color Bases Consistent Textures and Tones Minimalist Architecture The Bare Essentials A Respect for Space Japanese Architecture Beauty in Simplicity Products Seen In This Post: Free lettering worksheets Getting started with hand lettering? Marc Schenker Content: When New York artists began dabbling in geometric abstraction, they unknowingly laid the groundwork for minimalism. Some prominent American artists of this time include: Donald Judd Dan Flavin Carl Andre Frank Stella Al Held Robert Ryman Kenneth Noland Save Judd’s and Flavin’s contributions to minimalism can be seen in their works from this early era, especially Judd’s showings at the Green Gallery in New York, where three of his sculptures were on display, and Flavin’s green fluorescent light, which is a stark embodiment of minimalism, almost aggressively pushing out at the viewers. Save Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements When you study the roots of minimalism, you begin to notice overlaps and associations with other noteworthy design movements in human history. This is natural because trends usually borrow from and are inspired by one another. In the case of minimalism, its European origins are found in the geometric-abstraction creations of painters who were associated with the Bauhaus movement. One of the mottos of Bauhaus was the famous line, form follows function, which stresses that any design should put a priority on usability and any aesthetic considerations should come in second. Painters such as Piet Mondrian and Kazimir Malevich are standout examples, as well as artists who were associated with the De Stijl movement (which translates to “The Style”), a design trend whose roots date back to 1917 Leiden, in the Netherlands. De Stijl was also connected to Swiss Design, which in and of itself has made a tremendous impact on design in the 20 th century and beyond. Swiss is noted for its dedication to order and cleanliness (the grid system or organizing content), readable and legible typefaces, and copious use of white or negative space to focus attention on the actual content.	https://creativemarket.com/blog/minimalist-design-trend
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1341996649#6_2742977908	Title: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More \| Creative Market Blog Headings: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Currently Reading: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Blog The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements 60 Minimalist Logos by vuuuds in Templates Axon \| Minimalist Sans Serif Family by Graphicfresh in Fonts Minimalist Business Card by Propex in Templates Characteristics of Minimalism Web Design Flat Design Google’s Material Design Minimal Wordpress Theme- Simply Pro by Bloom Blog Shop in Web Themes Minimalist Interior Design Surfaces Neutral or Light Color Bases Consistent Textures and Tones Minimalist Architecture The Bare Essentials A Respect for Space Japanese Architecture Beauty in Simplicity Products Seen In This Post: Free lettering worksheets Getting started with hand lettering? Marc Schenker Content: In the case of minimalism, its European origins are found in the geometric-abstraction creations of painters who were associated with the Bauhaus movement. One of the mottos of Bauhaus was the famous line, form follows function, which stresses that any design should put a priority on usability and any aesthetic considerations should come in second. Painters such as Piet Mondrian and Kazimir Malevich are standout examples, as well as artists who were associated with the De Stijl movement (which translates to “The Style”), a design trend whose roots date back to 1917 Leiden, in the Netherlands. De Stijl was also connected to Swiss Design, which in and of itself has made a tremendous impact on design in the 20 th century and beyond. Swiss is noted for its dedication to order and cleanliness (the grid system or organizing content), readable and legible typefaces, and copious use of white or negative space to focus attention on the actual content. Another related design movement is Scandinavian design, which you can’t ignore when discussing minimalism. This aesthetic emphasizes minimalist mainstays like: Simplicity in design to serve overall function Clean lines and compositions Bright and natural lighting Lighter and more neutral colors Natural flooring (as well as nature themes like leaves, trees, etc.) No discussion on minimalism would ever be complete without a reference to Japan’s traditional culture of Zen philosophy. When we say “Zen” in today’s terms, we often think meditation and calm;	https://creativemarket.com/blog/minimalist-design-trend
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1341996649#7_2742980656	Title: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More \| Creative Market Blog Headings: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Currently Reading: The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Blog The Minimalist Design Trend: Why Less Is More Where Did the Minimalist Design Trend Come From? Minimalism’s Connections to Other Influential Design Movements 60 Minimalist Logos by vuuuds in Templates Axon \| Minimalist Sans Serif Family by Graphicfresh in Fonts Minimalist Business Card by Propex in Templates Characteristics of Minimalism Web Design Flat Design Google’s Material Design Minimal Wordpress Theme- Simply Pro by Bloom Blog Shop in Web Themes Minimalist Interior Design Surfaces Neutral or Light Color Bases Consistent Textures and Tones Minimalist Architecture The Bare Essentials A Respect for Space Japanese Architecture Beauty in Simplicity Products Seen In This Post: Free lettering worksheets Getting started with hand lettering? Marc Schenker Content: Another related design movement is Scandinavian design, which you can’t ignore when discussing minimalism. This aesthetic emphasizes minimalist mainstays like: Simplicity in design to serve overall function Clean lines and compositions Bright and natural lighting Lighter and more neutral colors Natural flooring (as well as nature themes like leaves, trees, etc.) No discussion on minimalism would ever be complete without a reference to Japan’s traditional culture of Zen philosophy. When we say “Zen” in today’s terms, we often think meditation and calm; however, in design terms, Zen is the epitome of minimalism, especially the way Japanese designers use it. Zen stock photo by PhotodesignRad in Photos Simplicity is a huge concept in Zen; understandably, this carries over into how architects design environments and how Japanese designers think about spatial concepts. Three big Japanese aesthetic principles that feature minimalism prominently include: Ma Ikebana Wabi-sabi For additional minimalist resources that celebrate simplicity, check out some of our minimalist logos and graphics:	https://creativemarket.com/blog/minimalist-design-trend
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#0_2761580575	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Best Credit Cards Money Home How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. By Bob Musinski \| Feb. 27, 2019 By Bob Musinski \| Feb. 27, 2019, at 9:48 a.m. Help For Seniors With Credit Card Debt More Senior citizens can be prone to debt because many of them rely on Social Security, meaning they have a fixed income. ( Getty Images) Revolving credit card debt can be a problem at any age, but it's especially troublesome when you're retired and on a fixed income. Unfortunately, credit cards have become the lender of last resort for some senior citizens who often face medical-related expenses on top of ongoing cost increases in housing, utilities and food. Here is a look at the problem, ways to deal with credit card debt at an advanced age and how to avoid this problem as you approach retirement. [ Read: Best Low-Interest Credit Cards. ] Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Credit card debt has increased among families headed by someone age 65 and older in the last couple of decades, according to a 2018 report from the Employee Benefit Research Institute: In 2016, 42 percent of households headed by someone 65 to 74 years old reported credit card debt, a 10 percent increase from 1992.	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#1_2761582683	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: [ Read: Best Low-Interest Credit Cards. ] Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Credit card debt has increased among families headed by someone age 65 and older in the last couple of decades, according to a 2018 report from the Employee Benefit Research Institute: In 2016, 42 percent of households headed by someone 65 to 74 years old reported credit card debt, a 10 percent increase from 1992. The median debt also went up in that time period, from $1,174 to $2,500. In 2016, 26 percent of households headed by people 75 years old and older had credit card debt, a 6 percent rise from 24 years earlier. The median also increased from $838 to $2,100, the highest ever measured. It's notable that the percentages and median amount of debt both went up because, usually, the median falls when there is a large increase in the percentage, says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at the institute and author of the study. But credit card debt is only part of the problem – mortgage debt is a major issue as well.	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#2_2761584463	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: The median debt also went up in that time period, from $1,174 to $2,500. In 2016, 26 percent of households headed by people 75 years old and older had credit card debt, a 6 percent rise from 24 years earlier. The median also increased from $838 to $2,100, the highest ever measured. It's notable that the percentages and median amount of debt both went up because, usually, the median falls when there is a large increase in the percentage, says Craig Copeland, senior research associate at the institute and author of the study. But credit card debt is only part of the problem – mortgage debt is a major issue as well. "More families that have elderly heads are placing themselves at risk of running short of money in retirement due to their increased likelihood of holding debt while in retirement," the report states. Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? Senior citizens are using credit cards more than in past generations because baby boomers, most of whom are in their 60s or 70s, grew up with credit cards and have continued using them. Also, unexpected costs in retirement, increased daily expenses and the carryover of debts from their working years have made today's senior citizens more dependent on credit cards. Credit card debt is "an issue with working Americans, therefore it becomes an issue when they retire," Copeland says. "	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#3_2761586569	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: "More families that have elderly heads are placing themselves at risk of running short of money in retirement due to their increased likelihood of holding debt while in retirement," the report states. Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? Senior citizens are using credit cards more than in past generations because baby boomers, most of whom are in their 60s or 70s, grew up with credit cards and have continued using them. Also, unexpected costs in retirement, increased daily expenses and the carryover of debts from their working years have made today's senior citizens more dependent on credit cards. Credit card debt is "an issue with working Americans, therefore it becomes an issue when they retire," Copeland says. " You still have a very high percentage of people who are reliant on Social Security. They're on a fixed income and don't have a great deal of savings." The average Social Security check is $1,413, according to the Social Security Administration. About 21 percent of married couples and 44 percent of single adults rely on Social Security for 90 percent or more of their income. gett That's why when a financial emergency comes along and loans aren't easy to obtain because of limited income, a credit card might be the only option.	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#4_2761588582	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: You still have a very high percentage of people who are reliant on Social Security. They're on a fixed income and don't have a great deal of savings." The average Social Security check is $1,413, according to the Social Security Administration. About 21 percent of married couples and 44 percent of single adults rely on Social Security for 90 percent or more of their income. gett That's why when a financial emergency comes along and loans aren't easy to obtain because of limited income, a credit card might be the only option. How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt There are some immediate steps senior citizens can take to address revolving credit card debt. Prioritizing payments. If you have revolving debt on multiple credit cards, you could pay off the credit card with the highest interest rate, which can help you save on interest. Another approach is to pay off the card with the lowest balance, then using the amount you would have paid on that card for payments on other higher-balance cards, says Lori A. Trawinski, director of banking and finance for the AARP Public Policy Institute. " Any time you can afford to pay more than the minimum payment, you can also help pay down the debt faster," she says.	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#5_2761590555	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt There are some immediate steps senior citizens can take to address revolving credit card debt. Prioritizing payments. If you have revolving debt on multiple credit cards, you could pay off the credit card with the highest interest rate, which can help you save on interest. Another approach is to pay off the card with the lowest balance, then using the amount you would have paid on that card for payments on other higher-balance cards, says Lori A. Trawinski, director of banking and finance for the AARP Public Policy Institute. " Any time you can afford to pay more than the minimum payment, you can also help pay down the debt faster," she says. It's not easy to make higher payments if you're constrained by a fixed income. But you need to avoid being delinquent with payments, which will exacerbate the problem. If you're falling behind on payments, "you'll be penalized with a payment fee when you ultimately do pay," and the credit card company might also raise your interest rate, Trawinski says. [ Read: Best Cash Back Credit Cards. ]	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#6_2761592393	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: It's not easy to make higher payments if you're constrained by a fixed income. But you need to avoid being delinquent with payments, which will exacerbate the problem. If you're falling behind on payments, "you'll be penalized with a payment fee when you ultimately do pay," and the credit card company might also raise your interest rate, Trawinski says. [ Read: Best Cash Back Credit Cards. ] Negotiating with companies. If you're facing financial difficulty, it's usually a good idea to reach out to creditors to see if you can adjust the terms of your debt. "Borrowers can contact a credit card company directly and try to negotiate a lower payment," Trawinski says. " In some cases, they will be successful in obtaining that." The key is to deal with the issue right away rather than ignoring it. "	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#7_2761593951	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: Negotiating with companies. If you're facing financial difficulty, it's usually a good idea to reach out to creditors to see if you can adjust the terms of your debt. "Borrowers can contact a credit card company directly and try to negotiate a lower payment," Trawinski says. " In some cases, they will be successful in obtaining that." The key is to deal with the issue right away rather than ignoring it. " The sooner you can address the situation, the better," Trawinski says. Getting Credit Card Debt Help One of the best ways for senior citizens to address the issue of revolving credit card debt is to work with an accredited credit counseling agency. An expert counselor can help you sort out your finances and possibly work directly with multiple creditors to address your debt. Credit counselors deal with issues such as excess credit card debt every day, says Pete Klipa, senior vice president of creditor relations for the National Foundation for Credit Counseling. With a credit counselor, you can work on a repayment strategy based on your situation, including your age, says Klipa.	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#8_2761595800	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: The sooner you can address the situation, the better," Trawinski says. Getting Credit Card Debt Help One of the best ways for senior citizens to address the issue of revolving credit card debt is to work with an accredited credit counseling agency. An expert counselor can help you sort out your finances and possibly work directly with multiple creditors to address your debt. Credit counselors deal with issues such as excess credit card debt every day, says Pete Klipa, senior vice president of creditor relations for the National Foundation for Credit Counseling. With a credit counselor, you can work on a repayment strategy based on your situation, including your age, says Klipa. Trawinski says consumers have to be careful that they're working with a legitimate credit counseling agency so that they avoid scammers. One way to do that is to check with the NFCC, which has a national network of member offices. Also, you might want to seek input from a financial advisor before you try to tackle your debt problem through mortgage changes – such as taking out a home equity loan, opening a home equity line of credit or getting a reverse mortgage – or tapping into a 401 (k) or IRA. You'll want to make sure you know the tax implications before tapping into retirement funds, for example. Getting financial help from family members might be a possibility to explore as well, although that's rarely a simple matter.	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#13_2761605736	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: Consumers should seek out the lowest-cost method of managing their debt," Trawinski says. " If they can get on a payment plan with a medical provider, sometimes those plans are interest-free." They might also be able to negotiate with a medical provider to pay a lower amount than what is billed. Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Retirement planning is tricky. It's not easy to know how long you'll live and what your expenses might be. But experts agree that you need to start early and save more than you think you will need. "People don't understand the implications of inflation," says Cindy Hounsell, president of the nonprofit Women's Institute for a Secure Retirement. Everyday expenses may cost more than you expect, and medical issues can complicate the best-laid plans, especially since more people are relying on their own savings and investments and Social Security rather than pension plans. [ Read: Best Grocery Credit Cards. ]	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#14_2761607435	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: But experts agree that you need to start early and save more than you think you will need. "People don't understand the implications of inflation," says Cindy Hounsell, president of the nonprofit Women's Institute for a Secure Retirement. Everyday expenses may cost more than you expect, and medical issues can complicate the best-laid plans, especially since more people are relying on their own savings and investments and Social Security rather than pension plans. [ Read: Best Grocery Credit Cards. ] "A lot of boomers go into retirement with no clue about longevity, so they're not prepared for what will be paid for (and) what won't," Hounsell says. For example, the remaining life expectancy of a 65-year-old has increased from 14 years in 1940 to just over 20 years today. People may assume they will be able to work until 65 or 67, but they don't consider that they might be stricken with an illness, or lose their job and not have the ability to get a similar job, Copeland says. That means you could be forced to retire years before you planned to. To prevent credit card debt from carrying into retirement, Copeland suggests that by 55, consumers' debt level ought to start "going down, not up, at that age."	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1349878440#15_2761609410	Title: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt \| US News Headings: How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt How Seniors Can Get Help With Credit Card Debt Address debt right away, and live within your means to prevent unforeseen problems. Is Credit Card Debt an Issue for Senior Citizens? Why Are More Seniors Using Credit Cards? How Seniors Can Manage Credit Card Debt Getting Credit Card Debt Help Credit Card Debt After Death How Seniors Can Avoid Using Credit Cards Planning for a Debt-Free Retirement Content: "A lot of boomers go into retirement with no clue about longevity, so they're not prepared for what will be paid for (and) what won't," Hounsell says. For example, the remaining life expectancy of a 65-year-old has increased from 14 years in 1940 to just over 20 years today. People may assume they will be able to work until 65 or 67, but they don't consider that they might be stricken with an illness, or lose their job and not have the ability to get a similar job, Copeland says. That means you could be forced to retire years before you planned to. To prevent credit card debt from carrying into retirement, Copeland suggests that by 55, consumers' debt level ought to start "going down, not up, at that age." Ideally, the financial best practices you start before you're ready to retire will carry into, and help prepare you for, retirement. "Getting yourself to live within your means while you're working will certainly make it easier to live within your means when retire," Copeland says. " If you can't live within your means when you're working, it's almost impossible to do it when you retire." Popular Credit Card Categories Balance	https://creditcards.usnews.com/articles/how-seniors-can-get-help-with-credit-card-debt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1357390513#20_2779302530	Title: Cremation Costs Breakdown Guide 2021: How You Can Save $2450 Headings: Cremation Costs Breakdown Guide: How You Can Save $2450 Cremation Costs Breakdown Guide: How You Can Save $2450 Written by Jane Thompson: Former Funeral Director Reviewed by Adam Binstock On August 2, 2020 Article Highlights Paying For A Funeral Average Cremation Costs in 2021 Prices in the US: Top 10 most expensive cities Funeral Assistance What is Direct Cremation? Dealing directly with the Crematorium Additional Costs Funeral Director fees The actual cremation The casket Cremation caskets Renting a casket Memorial service after cremation The Urn Different Types Flowers Embalming Visitation Third party costs Burial vs Cremation Costs Pet Cremation Costs Cremation of: Extras: Pet Memorial Costs Memorial ideas Are Cremation Prices Regulated? Expert Advice and Tips Cremation prices US: Remaining 40 most expensive cities Content: The average charge is typically $200 – $800. This frequently does not cover other duties such as cleansing, dressing, and preparing the body cosmetically, which can run around $100 – $500. Visitation is the same as with a tradition burial where family and friends are able to visit and usually view the body before the cremation takes place. This may or may not be included in the service fee. Third party costs These can include ordering the flowers, organists, soloists, pallbearers, and obituary notices. It’s best to determine these in advance if possible to ensure you are not overcharged. Another bit of information to remember is that funeral directors are required to inform you of any refunds or rebates that are available from the vendors. Burial vs Cremation Costs As we have established, the traditional burial of a body is the most expensive means of disposition. The following prices will give you an idea of burial vs cremation. $1,500 – Fee for the funeral director, which most often includes use of the facility, staff, death certificates, and other documents.	https://cremationinstitute.com/cremation-costs/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1357804863#7_2780505222	Title: How To Pay For A Funeral Guide 2021: Here Are All Your Options Headings: How To Pay For A Funeral Guide 2021: Here Are All Your Options How To Pay For A Funeral Guide 2021: Here Are All Your Options Written by Amy Gardner: Grief & Memorial Expert Reviewed by Adam Binstock On April 30, 2020 Article Highlights How much does life insurance cost? Policy length Coverage amount Who Pays For a Funeral? Who’s Legally Responsible? Can You Be Forced To Pay? Funeral Costs Average Cost of a Funeral Breakdown of Costs By Service Type Breakdown of Main Costs The funeral service The casket Embalming Cremation Burial Cemetery fees How To Pay Funeral Costs Life Insurance How It Works The Benefits The Costs Pre-Paid Funeral Plans How Do They Work? Funeral Trusts Pros and Cons Funeral Loans How It Works Advantages and Disadvantages Bank Account Savings Account Payable On Death Account Crowdfunding Paying If There’s No Money Funeral Assistance Programs National and local charities Government programs Shop Around Donating the Body to Science Check Veteran’s Benefits Have a Direct Funeral Have a Home Service Content: That number includes a viewing, transportation and burial. It does not include grave markers or cemetery fees. Breakdown of Costs By Service Type When it comes to funeral services, an array of options are available. You may decide that you prefer cremation over traditional burial, but still want a traditional funeral service. The average cremation cost of this is $10,000-$12,000. If you just want a simple memorial service and a cremation, these services will run you $8000-$10,000. The cheapest option is direct cremation, which incurs an average cost of just $2000. It may be that you prefer burial. Burial along with a traditional funeral service costs about $15,000 on average. Burial costs with a memorial service is about $10,000.	https://cremationinstitute.com/paying-for-a-funeral/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#0_2792977304	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? May 18, 2018 Chris McGoey Shoplifting Detention. In an effort to prevent thieves from walking out of a store without paying for merchandise, sometimes it becomes necessary to detain and arrest those suspected of shoplifting. Retailers sometimes employ plain-clothes loss prevention agents specially trained to detect, apprehend, and arrest shoplifters. Shoplifting Detention Some retailers believe that arresting shoplifters is the greatest deterrent as the word is spread by store employees and gets out on the street. If a detention and arrest policy is desirable, it is critical for the merchant to understand the local laws of arrest before confronting anyone. Remember that the laws of the state have a different legal impact than store policy. What follows are some good “rule of thumb” guidelines to follow in most situations: Before detaining anyone, you must establish Shoplifting Probable Cause.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#1_2792979103	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: Shoplifting Detention Some retailers believe that arresting shoplifters is the greatest deterrent as the word is spread by store employees and gets out on the street. If a detention and arrest policy is desirable, it is critical for the merchant to understand the local laws of arrest before confronting anyone. Remember that the laws of the state have a different legal impact than store policy. What follows are some good “rule of thumb” guidelines to follow in most situations: Before detaining anyone, you must establish Shoplifting Probable Cause. To establish a solid base for probable cause and prevent false arrest claims, there are six universally accepted steps that a merchant should follow before deciding to stop someone suspected of shoplifting: You must see the shoplifter approach your merchandise You must see the shoplifter select your merchandise You must see the shoplifter conceal or carry away or convert your merchandise You must maintain continuous observation the shoplifter You must see the shoplifter fail to pay for the merchandise You must approach the shoplifter outside of the store Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision The decision to approach and confront someone suspected of committing theft should not be taken lightly. It’s critical to provide special training to anyone charged with the responsibility of apprehending shoplifters. Some states have “Merchant Statutes” that give the store operator some limited liability protection if they approach a suspected shoplifter in good faith and the stop is based on a reasonable belief that shoplifting had occurred.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#2_2792981473	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: To establish a solid base for probable cause and prevent false arrest claims, there are six universally accepted steps that a merchant should follow before deciding to stop someone suspected of shoplifting: You must see the shoplifter approach your merchandise You must see the shoplifter select your merchandise You must see the shoplifter conceal or carry away or convert your merchandise You must maintain continuous observation the shoplifter You must see the shoplifter fail to pay for the merchandise You must approach the shoplifter outside of the store Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision The decision to approach and confront someone suspected of committing theft should not be taken lightly. It’s critical to provide special training to anyone charged with the responsibility of apprehending shoplifters. Some states have “Merchant Statutes” that give the store operator some limited liability protection if they approach a suspected shoplifter in good faith and the stop is based on a reasonable belief that shoplifting had occurred. A merchant statute gives the store operator the right to “detain” someone temporarily either for the purpose of recovering their merchandise and/or for summoning the police. To detain someone, under the statute, means that they are not technically under arrest, but merely being temporarily investigated. The detention process can evolve into an arrest if the suspected shoplifter is taken into custody for the purpose of arrest. The definition of custody means not being free to leave (i.e. while handcuffed). In jurisdictions that do not have the protection of a merchant’s statute, a store operator must make a citizen’s arrest without any liability protection.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#3_2792983965	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: A merchant statute gives the store operator the right to “detain” someone temporarily either for the purpose of recovering their merchandise and/or for summoning the police. To detain someone, under the statute, means that they are not technically under arrest, but merely being temporarily investigated. The detention process can evolve into an arrest if the suspected shoplifter is taken into custody for the purpose of arrest. The definition of custody means not being free to leave (i.e. while handcuffed). In jurisdictions that do not have the protection of a merchant’s statute, a store operator must make a citizen’s arrest without any liability protection. In most states, to make a citizen’s arrest, you must see the crime (misdemeanor) committed in your presence or in the case of a felony committed outside of your presence, you must be certain that the crime actually occurred. Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect To approach a person suspected of shoplifting will necessarily involve a confrontation. This confrontation can go smoothly and professionally or become hostile and aggressive. It is a good policy to have extra personnel involved for back-up and for witness purposes.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#4_2792985928	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: In most states, to make a citizen’s arrest, you must see the crime (misdemeanor) committed in your presence or in the case of a felony committed outside of your presence, you must be certain that the crime actually occurred. Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect To approach a person suspected of shoplifting will necessarily involve a confrontation. This confrontation can go smoothly and professionally or become hostile and aggressive. It is a good policy to have extra personnel involved for back-up and for witness purposes. A good rule is to outnumber the suspected shoplifter by a least one. Alert personnel usually prevent the suspect from fighting or attempting to flee. A female back-up is best if a female suspect is being detained. The approach should always occur from the front, if possible. The store representative should immediately and clearly identify themselves and it is helpful to have some form of identification such as a uniform, or name tag to avoid confusion over who you are or what authority you possess.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#5_2792987710	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: A good rule is to outnumber the suspected shoplifter by a least one. Alert personnel usually prevent the suspect from fighting or attempting to flee. A female back-up is best if a female suspect is being detained. The approach should always occur from the front, if possible. The store representative should immediately and clearly identify themselves and it is helpful to have some form of identification such as a uniform, or name tag to avoid confusion over who you are or what authority you possess. Plain-clothes loss prevention agents should have an authentic-looking ID card or badge in a wallet to present during the confrontation so as not to be confused with a mugger. The presentation of credentials should occur simultaneously with the words “I’m with ACME Stores, and I would like to talk with you about the ‘two bottles of ACME wine’ in your bag.” You should listen for spontaneous utterances like, “Oh, I forgot to pay for it” to help prove culpability while still outside of the store. The shoplifter should also be asked to return the items while still outside the store, if possible, to further validate the suspicion of theft before return to the store interior. Shoplifting Detention:	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#7_2792991786	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: The Stop The detention process starts when the customer is initially confronted. If the suspected shoplifter has unpaid merchandise at the time of the detention, ask them to, “please return to the store so we can clear up this matter.” If you act professionally and with back-up, ninety-eight percent of the time the shoplifter will comply and go anywhere you direct, without fanfare. The loss prevention agent should try to recover at least one item outside of the store to confirm that a theft occurred and the item was not dumped. Stopping a customer without stolen goods is called a bad stop or unproductive detention. Unproductive stops can and should be terminated while still outside, along with a sincere apology for the confusion. When escorting a shoplifter back inside the store, care must be taken to see that the thief does not try to run. Customers and store employees could be at risk if a scared shoplifter decides to escape by running through the aisles of the store towards another exit. To prevent this from occurring, at least two loss-prevention agents should walk very close to the suspect while speaking in a calm manner. To prevent the risk of escaping, the loss prevention agents should consider using holding force to guide the shoplifter or simply hang on to their belt.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#8_2792993828	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: Unproductive stops can and should be terminated while still outside, along with a sincere apology for the confusion. When escorting a shoplifter back inside the store, care must be taken to see that the thief does not try to run. Customers and store employees could be at risk if a scared shoplifter decides to escape by running through the aisles of the store towards another exit. To prevent this from occurring, at least two loss-prevention agents should walk very close to the suspect while speaking in a calm manner. To prevent the risk of escaping, the loss prevention agents should consider using holding force to guide the shoplifter or simply hang on to their belt. Chasing a shoplifter through a crowd is never a good policy, especially if you already retrieved the merchandise. Chasing a shoplifter off the property or in a car is can be dangerous. Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Excessive force should never be used when apprehending a shoplifter. In most cases, the presence of two or more store employees is all that is required to recover the merchandise and direct the suspected shoplifter back to a private office.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#9_2792995703	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: Chasing a shoplifter through a crowd is never a good policy, especially if you already retrieved the merchandise. Chasing a shoplifter off the property or in a car is can be dangerous. Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Excessive force should never be used when apprehending a shoplifter. In most cases, the presence of two or more store employees is all that is required to recover the merchandise and direct the suspected shoplifter back to a private office. If the customer is cooperative, very young, very old, or frail then no force should be necessary. Professional loss prevention agents charged with the responsibility of taking people into custody should be trained in the concept of the Use of Force Continuum. This is the natural progression of the application of reasonable force as the circumstances dictate. Lawful force can escalate to a reasonable level and then de-escalate as the situation calms. Handcuffs are sometimes used to restrain violent or aggressive shoplifters when escape and employee or customer injury is a REAL possibility.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#13_2793002891	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: Sometimes the timing is delayed by the slow response time of local law enforcement. There should always be at least two store representatives present at all times and one should be the same sex as the shoplifter for obvious reasons. One of the first steps is to make sure the setting is safe and the shoplifter is not carrying accessible weapons. This is accomplished by a simple external pat-down or by separating handbags, packages, and other containers from the immediate grasp of the shoplifter. A pat-down is not a license for a search and should be conducted by a person of the same sex. Searching pockets and handbags might be illegal in your state, so leave that job for the police upon arrest. After the safety issues are resolved, you should ask the shoplifter to voluntarily retrieve and return all the stolen merchandise. Depending on your jurisdiction, you may be allowed to question the shoplifter in others you might be required to call the police before questioning. In most states, you are allowed to ask the shoplifter for identification and complete a written report to help you determine if you will prosecute or not. Most shoplifters will cooperate and hope to be released.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1362953478#14_2793004820	Title: Shoplifting Detention - How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Headings: Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention – How Retail Stores Detain a Suspected Shoplifter? Shoplifting Detention Shoplifting Detention: The Policy Decision Shoplifting Detention: Approaching the Suspect Shoplifting Detention: The Stop Shoplifting Detention: The Use of force Shoplifting Detention: Processing the Shoplifter Shoplifting Detention: Written Incident Reports About Chris McGoey Content: Searching pockets and handbags might be illegal in your state, so leave that job for the police upon arrest. After the safety issues are resolved, you should ask the shoplifter to voluntarily retrieve and return all the stolen merchandise. Depending on your jurisdiction, you may be allowed to question the shoplifter in others you might be required to call the police before questioning. In most states, you are allowed to ask the shoplifter for identification and complete a written report to help you determine if you will prosecute or not. Most shoplifters will cooperate and hope to be released. In the case of young children, the elderly, or those with diminished mental capacity, you may wish to release the shoplifter to relatives instead of the police. Check with your company policy and legal department for precise instructions in this area. Simple requests should be honored for those held in custody, if safe to do so. Handicapped persons should be accommodated because of stairs or footpath issues. If safe, shoplifters can be offered water, prescription medication or restroom access if your merchandise has been recovered.	https://crimedoctor.com/shoplifting-detention/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363198211#4_2793523214	Title: Policing on Purpose: Revisiting Problem-Oriented Policing - Crime Mapping & Analysis NewsCrime Mapping & Analysis News Headings: Content: The police, by the very nature of their function, are an anomaly in a free society. They are invested with a great deal of authority under a system of government in which authority is reluctantly granted and, when granted, sharply curtailed. The specific form of their authority—to arrest, to search, to detain, and to use force—is awesome in the degree to which it can be disruptive of freedom, invasive of privacy, and sudden and direct in its impact upon the individual. And this awesome authority, of necessity, is delegated to individuals at the lowest level of the bureaucracy to be exercised, in most instances, without prior review or control. Yet a democracy is heavily dependent upon its police, despite their anomalous position, to maintain the degree of order that makes a free society possible. It looks to its police to prevent people from preying on one another; to provide a sense of security; to facilitate movement; to resolve conflict, and to protect the very processes and rights—such as free elections, freedom of speech, and freedom of assembly—on which continuation of a free society depends. The strength of a democracy and the quality of life enjoyed by its citizens are determined in large measure by the ability of the police to discharge their duties. (	https://crimemapping.info/article/policing-on-purpose-revisiting-problem-oriented-policing-2/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#0_2794083848	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Home » Murder Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris By: Naveen Rao May 15, 2018 at 8:18 am Suggest Correction Facebook Twitter Reddit Mail Copy Link Chiquita Tate Murdered by Greg Harris (Photo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?)v=vZguXPJYtlw Lawyer Chiquita Tate was found stabbed to death in her office on February 20, 2009, in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. The investigation zeroed in on her husband, Greg Harris, and a jury convicted him of Tate’s brutal murder in 2011. Harris got a 40-year sentence, even though both him and his family continue to maintain his innocence. Chiquita Patrece Tate was a lawyer who worked hard to get justice for her clients. Her office was inside the State National Life Building on the corner of Third and Florida Streets in Baton Rouge. She married Greg Harris in February 2008, a year before she was murdered.	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#1_2794085460	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: The investigation zeroed in on her husband, Greg Harris, and a jury convicted him of Tate’s brutal murder in 2011. Harris got a 40-year sentence, even though both him and his family continue to maintain his innocence. Chiquita Patrece Tate was a lawyer who worked hard to get justice for her clients. Her office was inside the State National Life Building on the corner of Third and Florida Streets in Baton Rouge. She married Greg Harris in February 2008, a year before she was murdered. About Chiquita Tate Death February 20, 2009 Baton Rouge, Louisiana Gender Female Spouse Greg Harris Parents Catherine Tate, Oliver Ruffin Alumni Southern University Law Center BIRTH October 15, 1975 Who Was Chiquita Tate? Born on October 15, 1975, to Catherine Tate and Oliver Ruffin, Tate attended school in East Baton Rouge until the 11th grade, when she moved to Chicago, Illinois and finished high school. She had six siblings, and grew up believing in the value of education. She earned a Bachelor’s degree in English from Clark Atlanta University in Georgia, before moving back to Baton Rouge to pursue her J.D. from Southern University Law Center. Tate was officially sworn in as an attorney in October 2004, after which she began her solo practice, focusing on criminal law in January 2005.	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#2_2794087400	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: About Chiquita Tate Death February 20, 2009 Baton Rouge, Louisiana Gender Female Spouse Greg Harris Parents Catherine Tate, Oliver Ruffin Alumni Southern University Law Center BIRTH October 15, 1975 Who Was Chiquita Tate? Born on October 15, 1975, to Catherine Tate and Oliver Ruffin, Tate attended school in East Baton Rouge until the 11th grade, when she moved to Chicago, Illinois and finished high school. She had six siblings, and grew up believing in the value of education. She earned a Bachelor’s degree in English from Clark Atlanta University in Georgia, before moving back to Baton Rouge to pursue her J.D. from Southern University Law Center. Tate was officially sworn in as an attorney in October 2004, after which she began her solo practice, focusing on criminal law in January 2005. Before going to law school, Tate worked as a teacher with the Timbuktu Academy art Southern University, and was a legal assistant to a judge. She later became a member of several the American Bar Association, Criminals Defense Lawyer’s Association, and the Baton Rouge Bar Association. Domestic Troubles About six weeks before her wedding to Harris, Tate called 911 saying that her fiancé beat and choked her in their home. Still, they got married. On February 20, 2009, Greg Harris called 911 and stopped a police officer on patrol, telling him that he went to Tate’s office because she did not come home the night before.	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#3_2794089486	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: Before going to law school, Tate worked as a teacher with the Timbuktu Academy art Southern University, and was a legal assistant to a judge. She later became a member of several the American Bar Association, Criminals Defense Lawyer’s Association, and the Baton Rouge Bar Association. Domestic Troubles About six weeks before her wedding to Harris, Tate called 911 saying that her fiancé beat and choked her in their home. Still, they got married. On February 20, 2009, Greg Harris called 911 and stopped a police officer on patrol, telling him that he went to Tate’s office because she did not come home the night before. When police acted on his plea, a horrifying incident came to light. A Horrific Murder 34-year-old Chiquita Tate was found stabbed at least 43 times in her downtown Baton Rouge office. Police immediately suspected Harris was responsible. Holes were found in Harris’ story, and there appeared to be damning evidence against him, including a pair of blood-spattered glasses found inside his car. As police searched for evidence, they found disturbing details about Tate’s marriage.	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#4_2794091246	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: When police acted on his plea, a horrifying incident came to light. A Horrific Murder 34-year-old Chiquita Tate was found stabbed at least 43 times in her downtown Baton Rouge office. Police immediately suspected Harris was responsible. Holes were found in Harris’ story, and there appeared to be damning evidence against him, including a pair of blood-spattered glasses found inside his car. As police searched for evidence, they found disturbing details about Tate’s marriage. Harris, on his part, insisted that he was innocent. Despite his claims, he was charged with second-degree murder in 2011, and faced trial with the possibility of being sent to prison for the rest of his life. Red Herrings Emerge During the trial, authorities claimed that Harris used several tricks to escape suspicion for the fatal stabbing of his wife. These included placing strands of hair in the open palm of Tate’s left hand to make it appear that her killer was female. Tate’s Gucci wallet was also dropped in the crime-ridden area of Gardere Lane, with what prosecutors believed was an attempt to make it seem as though ”an unsuspecting thief” would use her credit card, and would therefore be a suspect.	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#6_2794094922	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: Harris maintained his innocence, saying that he was in the Gardere Lane area to buy steroids the night Tate was murdered. He claimed that his supplier wasn’t at home. District Judge Trudy White, under whom Tate worked as a student law clerk, presided over the trial. Husband Convicted of Murder Greg Harris Convicted of Murder of His Wife (Photo: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZguXPJYtlw) An East Baton Rouge Parish jury deliberated over the case. By a vote of 11-1, they found Greg Harris guilty of manslaughter. Judge White gave Harris the maximum punishment of 40 years in prison. Harris’ father, Silver Harris, continued to stand by his son. Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent He later said, “They convicted the wrong person. We know that, and we intend to prove that.	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#7_2794096352	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: By a vote of 11-1, they found Greg Harris guilty of manslaughter. Judge White gave Harris the maximum punishment of 40 years in prison. Harris’ father, Silver Harris, continued to stand by his son. Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent He later said, “They convicted the wrong person. We know that, and we intend to prove that. We haven’t given up. We don’t intend to give up.” Four years later, Harris, who was incarcerated at the Louisiana State Penitentiary, claimed that another man killed Tate. The man, Denard Duheart, died in 2013. His brothers faced first-degree murder charges in 2007, and were represented by Chiquita Tate.	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#8_2794097645	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: We haven’t given up. We don’t intend to give up.” Four years later, Harris, who was incarcerated at the Louisiana State Penitentiary, claimed that another man killed Tate. The man, Denard Duheart, died in 2013. His brothers faced first-degree murder charges in 2007, and were represented by Chiquita Tate. MORE: Baton Rouge Baton Rouge, Louisiana Believe Chiquita Brands International East Baton Rouge Parish Geography of the United States Louisiana Louisiana State Penitentiary Series Tate Television Share on facebook Share on Twitter Mail Advertisement Post navigation Florida Missing Child Alert Issued for Emily Navarro, Accompanied by Elvin Castron Murcia Kenneth Butler: Toledo Pastor Who Pleaded Guilty to Having Sex with Minors https://crimeola.com/shanann-watts-wiki-what-happened-to-chris-watts-wife/ Shanann Watts Wiki: What Happened to Chris Watts’ Wife? Tina Giordanella CrimeOla 2020-01-26T02:20:33Z 2020-01-29 10:30:21 Who was Shanann Watts?	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363450273#9_2794099271	Title: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Headings: Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Chiquita Tate Murder: Baton Rouge Lawyer Brutally Murdered by Husband Greg Harris Who Was Chiquita Tate? Domestic Troubles A Horrific Murder Red Herrings Emerge Husband Convicted of Murder Family Still Believes Harris is Innocent Content: MORE: Baton Rouge Baton Rouge, Louisiana Believe Chiquita Brands International East Baton Rouge Parish Geography of the United States Louisiana Louisiana State Penitentiary Series Tate Television Share on facebook Share on Twitter Mail Advertisement Post navigation Florida Missing Child Alert Issued for Emily Navarro, Accompanied by Elvin Castron Murcia Kenneth Butler: Toledo Pastor Who Pleaded Guilty to Having Sex with Minors https://crimeola.com/shanann-watts-wiki-what-happened-to-chris-watts-wife/ Shanann Watts Wiki: What Happened to Chris Watts’ Wife? Tina Giordanella CrimeOla 2020-01-26T02:20:33Z 2020-01-29 10:30:21 Who was Shanann Watts? Why was she murdered by her husband Chris Watts? Read our Shanann Watts wiki for the details on the horrific murders of this young woman, her young daughters, and unborn son. Abuse,Murder,Wiki https://crimeola.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/01/SHanann-Watts_FB-150x150.jpg Recommended from the web	https://crimeola.com/chiquita-tate-murder-baton-rouge-lawyer-murder-greg-harris/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1363621000#23_2794650057	Title: Chilling Last Words of 25 Of The World's Most Notorious Serial Killers Headings: Famous Last Words of the 25 Most Notorious Serial Killers Famous Last Words of the 25 Most Notorious Serial Killers Unlike their victims, serial killers on death row know when the end is coming. In the quiet of their cells, as the seconds tick down to their execution, serial killers are eating their last meal; probably thinking of what their last moments will be like, and what their last words will be. After all, their final words are the last impression anyone will ever have of them. Ted Bundy “I’d like you to give my love to my family and friends.” Thomas J. Grasso “Please, tell the media, I did not get my Spaghetti-Os, I got spaghetti. I want the press to know this.” Jeffrey Dahmer “I don’t care if I live or die. Go ahead and kill me.” Peter Kürten “Tell me. After my head has been chopped off, will I still be able to hear, at least for a moment, the sound of my own blood gushing from the stump of my neck? That would be a pleasure to end all pleasures.” Gary Gilmore “Let’s do it!” John Wayne Gacy “Kiss my ass.” Aileen Wuornos “I’d just like to say I’m sailing with the rock, and I’ll be back like Independence Day, with Jesus, June 6th. Like the movie, big mother ship and all. I’ll be back.” Carl Panzram “Hurry up, you Hoosier bastard. I could kill ten men while you’re fooling around.” Peter Manuel “Turn up the radio and I’ll go quietly.” Timothy McVeigh “My head is bloody but unbowed…I am the master of my fate, I am the captain of my soul.” Amelia Dyer “I have nothing to say.” George Appel “Well, gentlemen, you are about to see a baked Appel.” Robert Charles Towery “I love my family. Potato, potato, potato.” James French “Hey, fellas! How about this for a headline for tomorrow’s paper? ‘French Fries.’” Sean P. Flanagan “I love you.” Tom Ketchum “I’ll be in Hell before you start breakfast, boys. Let her rip.” H.H. Holmes “Take your time. Don’t bungle it.” Francis Crowley “You sons of bitches. Give love to Mother.” James Allen Red Dog “I’m going home, babe.” Steven Timothy Judy “I don’t hold any grudges. This is my doing. Sorry it happened.” John Avalos Alba “Okay Warden, let’s do it. I love y’all. I can taste it already. I am starting to go.” John W. Rook “Freedom, freedom at last man —it’s been a good one!” Jimmy Glass “I think I’d rather be fishing.” Barbara Graham “Good people are always so sure they’re right.” John Spenkelink “Capital punishment: them without the capital get the punishment.” Advertisement Content: He was sentenced to 25 years after voluntarily confessing to killing two boys. While there, he crushed the laundry foreman’s skull with an iron bar. This landed him a spot on death row, where he refused the efforts of human rights groups’ to spare him. He even threatened to kill members of the human rights groups if they intervened on his behalf. While not as eloquent as Ted Bundy, he was certainly much more direct and honest. In an autobiography penned the year before his execution, Panzram said, “For all of these things, I am not the least bit sorry. I hate the whole damned human race including myself.” Panzram was hanged on September 5, 1930. As his executioners were fumbling with the hood, Panzram ordered them to hurry up, “I could kill ten men while you’re fooling around.” Age:	https://crimeola.com/famous-last-words-25-notorious-serial-killers/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#0_2795768608	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Home » Mass Shootings School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? By: Crimeola Newsdesk Apr 22, 2018 at 7:00 am Suggest Correction Facebook Twitter Reddit Mail Copy Link Photo: Joe Raedle/Getty Images Why do school shootings happen in America? Are they an act of mental illness or the result of a more sinister plot to, for example, attain widespread fame and attention? And has the expansion of social media helped to reduce or increase the number of shootings over the past 20 years?	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#1_2795769964	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: By: Crimeola Newsdesk Apr 22, 2018 at 7:00 am Suggest Correction Facebook Twitter Reddit Mail Copy Link Photo: Joe Raedle/Getty Images Why do school shootings happen in America? Are they an act of mental illness or the result of a more sinister plot to, for example, attain widespread fame and attention? And has the expansion of social media helped to reduce or increase the number of shootings over the past 20 years? School shootings may seem to be on the rise, but new research suggests the number of mass shootings on school grounds has actually decreased since the ’90s. Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. Investigators James Fox and Emma Fridel analyzed data on mass shootings in the United States, and the division of students killed on school campuses. While 71 people have been fatally injured from 2001 to the Valentine’s Day shooting at Parkland this year, 31 people died in school shootings during the last four years of the ’90s. This report questions whether gun control or increased security at schools should play a role in keeping students safe in the future.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#2_2795771829	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: School shootings may seem to be on the rise, but new research suggests the number of mass shootings on school grounds has actually decreased since the ’90s. Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. Investigators James Fox and Emma Fridel analyzed data on mass shootings in the United States, and the division of students killed on school campuses. While 71 people have been fatally injured from 2001 to the Valentine’s Day shooting at Parkland this year, 31 people died in school shootings during the last four years of the ’90s. This report questions whether gun control or increased security at schools should play a role in keeping students safe in the future. Fridel suggests shooter drills can create a false sense of security, adding that past measures like identity verification and metal detectors have failed to prevent school shootings. These findings are expected to be published in more detail in June. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? There have been 17 school shootings in the U.S. this year, with the largest one stirring country-wide protests for tighter gun control. While some of these incidents include accidental discharge of firearms, and others did not involve students, shootings on school grounds have claimed 24 lives in the past three months.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#3_2795773890	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: Fridel suggests shooter drills can create a false sense of security, adding that past measures like identity verification and metal detectors have failed to prevent school shootings. These findings are expected to be published in more detail in June. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? There have been 17 school shootings in the U.S. this year, with the largest one stirring country-wide protests for tighter gun control. While some of these incidents include accidental discharge of firearms, and others did not involve students, shootings on school grounds have claimed 24 lives in the past three months. What Is the Cause of School Shootings? An a nalysis of school shootings occurring from 1970 to 2000 has uncovered common, and distinct, threads of premeditated shootings. Karen Newman of the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, along with four other authors, researched the reasons behind school shootings. Their findings were published in Rampage: The Social Roots of School Shootings.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#4_2795775691	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: What Is the Cause of School Shootings? An a nalysis of school shootings occurring from 1970 to 2000 has uncovered common, and distinct, threads of premeditated shootings. Karen Newman of the Zanvyl Krieger School of Arts and Sciences at Johns Hopkins University, along with four other authors, researched the reasons behind school shootings. Their findings were published in Rampage: The Social Roots of School Shootings. Based on interviews with community members of the 1997 and 1998 mass school shootings in Paducah, Kentucky and Jonesboro, Arkansas, the book suggests that the loner theory is unfounded. The loner theory typically involves the shooter having few friends and little to no social skills. They are not likely to fit in with their peers, and they usually do not know how to act during social interactions. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the shooters are marked as “troubled” and are seemly ignored by officials and the community at large. The great debate over the predominant cause of school shootings is a never-ending battle.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#5_2795777511	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: Based on interviews with community members of the 1997 and 1998 mass school shootings in Paducah, Kentucky and Jonesboro, Arkansas, the book suggests that the loner theory is unfounded. The loner theory typically involves the shooter having few friends and little to no social skills. They are not likely to fit in with their peers, and they usually do not know how to act during social interactions. Furthermore, the findings suggest that the shooters are marked as “troubled” and are seemly ignored by officials and the community at large. The great debate over the predominant cause of school shootings is a never-ending battle. Some experts place an emphasis on the shooter’s mental health, while others focus on a lack of gun control. As the nation searches for an answer to stop violent behavior, all possible underlying causes need to be evaluated. Let’s look at some of these potential factors in the school shooting epidemic: Bullying Most of the shooters have implied, through suicide notes or videos, that they were bullied by classmates for years before enacting revenge. Referred to as an “injustice collector,” the shooter may have been teased, threatened, physically beaten, or a victim of malicious rumors and lies.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#6_2795779530	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: Some experts place an emphasis on the shooter’s mental health, while others focus on a lack of gun control. As the nation searches for an answer to stop violent behavior, all possible underlying causes need to be evaluated. Let’s look at some of these potential factors in the school shooting epidemic: Bullying Most of the shooters have implied, through suicide notes or videos, that they were bullied by classmates for years before enacting revenge. Referred to as an “injustice collector,” the shooter may have been teased, threatened, physically beaten, or a victim of malicious rumors and lies. Copycat Crimes School shootings that occur within a short time of each other have been suggested to be a sign of a copycat. The initial killing spree results in national media coverage, with details of the shooter as well as the pain and suffering of the victims. This may evoke a sense of entitlement or desire within someone who believes they too have been wronged by teachers or classmates. And so they’ll copy or attempt to copy what the original shooter did. The copycat factor is why the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and top suicide foundations have developed media guidelines when covering mass shootings and suicides.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#7_2795781553	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: Copycat Crimes School shootings that occur within a short time of each other have been suggested to be a sign of a copycat. The initial killing spree results in national media coverage, with details of the shooter as well as the pain and suffering of the victims. This may evoke a sense of entitlement or desire within someone who believes they too have been wronged by teachers or classmates. And so they’ll copy or attempt to copy what the original shooter did. The copycat factor is why the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention and top suicide foundations have developed media guidelines when covering mass shootings and suicides. Instead of declining to comment or speak to the media at all, the guidelines recommend that officials make a statement about suicide in a timely manner. This allows them to productively answer tough questions the media may have. To prevent any misinterpretation, health professionals have to include factually based information on how to prevent similar instances from happening again. Health professionals can also assist the media in determining which types of reports on suicide may be helpful and which may actually end up eliciting similar behavior in others. A significant change surrounds the wording used when covering suicides.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#9_2795785963	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: Both those in the media and officials are urged to consider what they say in these reports. They are now asked to avoid the following: Simplifying terms surrounding suicide Continuous reporting of the suicide Giving out details surrounding the case and graphic or dramatic photographs of the scene Details of how the suicide occurred Explaining the suicide as a coping mechanism or means to an end “Glorifying” the act of suicide or the person committing the act Providing excess empathy for the suicide victim or family with positive traits about them Mental Illness Whether they are suffering from temporary depression or they’ve been clinically misdiagnosed, the mental health of a school shooter is a potential trigger factor. It’s always evaluated once the crime has been committed. Plus, overcrowded classrooms, overworked teachers, and a lack of school resource officers due to budgetary cuts can result in a troubled person being overlooked. The issue of mental illness among school shooters has many people calling for the overhaul of gun and ammunition sales laws. Violent Influences Movies, television, comic books, and video games containing violence, guns, and a reward for the bad guys have been blamed for many mass shootings in the United States and abroad. Some crime statistics support this notion, while many still question whether this is true. It’s certainly something to keep in mind in combination with the other factors. Gun Access Most states have increased gun control laws to prevent certain types of guns from getting into the hands of potential school shooters.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#10_2795788345	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: The issue of mental illness among school shooters has many people calling for the overhaul of gun and ammunition sales laws. Violent Influences Movies, television, comic books, and video games containing violence, guns, and a reward for the bad guys have been blamed for many mass shootings in the United States and abroad. Some crime statistics support this notion, while many still question whether this is true. It’s certainly something to keep in mind in combination with the other factors. Gun Access Most states have increased gun control laws to prevent certain types of guns from getting into the hands of potential school shooters. Several studies suggest easy access to weapons may be a reason for the increase in gun violence, particularly at schools. This issue has prompted a call for mental health checks of potential gun buyers and a change to the age at which someone can purchase a firearm. Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Reports suggest most school shootings should come as no surprise. In today’s digitally connected world, school shooters can gain the attention of millions as they reveal their innermost anger and potential “take-down” plans. The media itself, across all platforms, is commonly blamed for triggering the violent behaviors of students.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#11_2795790413	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: Several studies suggest easy access to weapons may be a reason for the increase in gun violence, particularly at schools. This issue has prompted a call for mental health checks of potential gun buyers and a change to the age at which someone can purchase a firearm. Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Reports suggest most school shootings should come as no surprise. In today’s digitally connected world, school shooters can gain the attention of millions as they reveal their innermost anger and potential “take-down” plans. The media itself, across all platforms, is commonly blamed for triggering the violent behaviors of students. In the Rampage book, Newman suggests that the media can work as a two-sided coin. While the idea of having their face and name plastered across media sites may appeal to the shooter, coverage of the incidents seems to increase the amount of “shooting talk” reported to the authorities. Why do school shootings happen so often? Are there key signs missed by parents, siblings, neighbors, school officials, teachers, or classmates? There is no one standard description of a typical school shooter, but there are some warning signs to be aware of.	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364149433#15_2795798523	Title: What's the Cause of School Shootings? Have They Gone up Since the '90s? Headings: School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? School Shootings: Why Do They Happen? Have They Reduced Since the ‘90s? Analysis: Mass School Shootings in the U.S. How Many School Shootings Have There Been in 2018? What Is the Cause of School Shootings? Bullying Copycat Crimes Mental Illness Violent Influences Gun Access Recognizing Warning Signs of School Shootings Factors Compounding the School Shooting Problem What's hot Content: Furthermore, Newman’s research outlines the common environment where a school shooting typically occurs. Most shootings have been in either a small rural town or a city district, as opposed to larger centers within a city. In these targeted places, the school is the center of the community, the one place that ties everyone together. This offers a stage for a student to prove themselves worthy, or at least what they consider to be worthy. After countless studies and recommendations, it seems that school shootings will continue to plague the country until stricter gun laws are in place, schools are secured, professional mental assistance exists for all, and there’s a more widespread culture of accepting others. MORE: Campus shootings Causes of school shootings Columbine High School massacre Gun violence Karen Newman Mass murder Mass shooting Murder Rampage: The Social Roots of School Shootings Sandy Hook Elementary School shooting School massacres in the United States School shooting School shootings School shootings in the United States Violence Virginia Tech shooting Warning signs of school shootings Share on facebook Share on T	https://crimeola.com/why-school-shootings-happen-reduced-90s/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364567164#1_2796521332	Title: What Does Justice Mean to You? \| Crime Survivors Resource Center Official Site Headings: What Does Justice Mean to You? What Does Justice Mean to You? Concept of justice Variations of justice Content: If they do become a victim, justice becomes more personal; the rules, terms, and conditions change. Does justice have a direct correlation with our basic needs as a human? Let us take a look… Justice is a concept of moral rightness based on ethics, rationality, law, natural law, religion, or equity. It is also the act of being just and/or fair. Concept of justice According to most contemporary theories of justice, justice is overwhelmingly important: John Rawls claims that “Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. ”Justice can be thought of as distinct from and more fundamental than benevolence, charity, mercy, generosity, or compassion. Justice has traditionally been associated with concepts of fate, reincarnation or Divine Providence, i.e. with a life in accordance with the cosmic plan. The association of justice with fairness has thus been historically and culturally rare and is perhaps chiefly a modern innovation [in western societies].	https://crimesurvivors.org/what-does-justice-mean-to-you/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1364567164#2_2796522740	Title: What Does Justice Mean to You? \| Crime Survivors Resource Center Official Site Headings: What Does Justice Mean to You? What Does Justice Mean to You? Concept of justice Variations of justice Content: Concept of justice According to most contemporary theories of justice, justice is overwhelmingly important: John Rawls claims that “Justice is the first virtue of social institutions, as truth is of systems of thought. ”Justice can be thought of as distinct from and more fundamental than benevolence, charity, mercy, generosity, or compassion. Justice has traditionally been associated with concepts of fate, reincarnation or Divine Providence, i.e. with a life in accordance with the cosmic plan. The association of justice with fairness has thus been historically and culturally rare and is perhaps chiefly a modern innovation [in western societies]. Studies at UCLA in 2008 have indicated that reactions to fairness are “wired” into the brain and that, “Fairness is activating the same part of the brain that responds to food in rats… This is consistent with the notion that being treated fairly satisfies a basic need”. Research conducted in 2003 at Emory University, involving Capuchin Monkeys demonstrated that other cooperative animals also possess such a sense and that “ inequity aversion may not be uniquely human” indicating that ideas of fairness and justice may be instinctual in nature. Variations of justice Utilitarianism is a form of consequentialism, where punishment is forward-looking. Justified by the ability to achieve future social benefits resulting in crime reduction, the moral worth of an action is determined by its outcome. Retributive justice regulates proportionate response to crime proven by lawful evidence, so that punishment is justly imposed and considered as morally correct and fully deserved.	https://crimesurvivors.org/what-does-justice-mean-to-you/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1365588252#9_2799222612	Title: What is disorderly conduct? Headings: What is disorderly conduct? What is disorderly conduct? Disorderly Conduct in Speech Fighting, Assaultive, or Harrassing Behavior Lewd Behavior Disorderly Conduct Charges and Penalties Content: Most states will charge disorderly conduct as a lower level misdemeanor. The basic punishment can include probation or confinement in a county or parish jail up to a year. If a defendant is placed on probation, the judge can order conditions of probation designed to address how the offense was committed. For example, if the disorderly conduct charge was based on a defendant exposing his genitals, then a judge could order him to participate in a sex offender assessment. If a defendant lost his temper publically, the judge could order him to complete anger management counseling. To avoid a final conviction, some defendants may qualify for diversion court programs where they are placed on informal probation. After the completion of the program, the disorderly conduct charge is dismissed. Even beyond the terms of probation or time in jail, a disorderly conduct charge could have other collateral consequences. Some employers interpret this charge to reflect aggressive tendencies, which they do not want in their workplace. If the conduct is directed at a family member, it may qualify as type of family violence which could be used in a later prosecution to enhance a punishment.	https://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/white_collar_crimes/disorderly-conduct.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1365595205#9_2799244027	Title: What is disturbing the peace? Headings: What is disturbing the peace? What is disturbing the peace? Disturbing the peace charges occur when a person infringes upon or frustrates someone else's right to peace. In most states, disturbing the peace convictions require that the person's conduct have a malicious purpose. If the disturbing the peace offense is charged as an infraction, it will not go on an individual's permanent record or show up on an employment background check. What sort of conduct constitutes disturbing the peace? What are some defenses to disturbing the peace charges? What are the possible consequences of a conviction? Content: For example, if one person starts a fight, and the other person merely defends themself, and both are placed under arrest, the one who simply defended himself in the fight will claim self-defense to overcome the charge. A First Amendment defense is used in situations where the offender admits to the conduct in question, such as offensive language in public, but is protected by his constitutional right to freedom of speech. What are the possible consequences of a conviction? If the disturbing the peace offense is charged as an infraction, it will generally not go on an individual’s permanent record, and will therefore not show up on an employment background check. However, some states charge a breach of peace offense as a misdemeanor, which will stay on an individual’s permanent criminal record, and may affect employment opportunities. Further, depending on the conduct involved, the other offenses committed with the disturbing the peace charges, and prior offenses committed by the individual, some courts have the discretion to charge the offense as either an infraction or a misdemeanor. In either case, the penalties the individual will be subject to include fines, and if the disturbance of the peace offense is charged as a misdemeanor, there may also be county jail time involved.	https://criminal-law.freeadvice.com/criminal-law/white_collar_crimes/disturbing-the-peace.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1365737691#0_2799606929	Title: Civil Commitment for Sex Offenders - FindLaw Headings: Civil Commitment for Sex Offenders Civil Commitment for Sex Offenders How Does Civil Commitment Work? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Have Questions About Civil Commitment for Sex Offenders? Ask an Attorney Content: Civil Commitment for Sex Offenders - FindLaw Civil Commitment for Sex Offenders Created by FindLaw's team of legal writers and editors \| Last updated February 07, 2019 Some states have used civil commitment proceedings to remove habitual sex offenders from society for extended, sometimes indefinite, periods of time. Civil commitment for sex offenders can happen after they've already served the sentence for their crime and without having violated any other laws. Instead of punishment for past crimes, this form of involuntary confinement is based on the risk that an individual may commit offenses in the future. Civil commitment isn't limited to sex offenders, as it has been used for those who pose a high threat to themselves or others and can include people with: Mental illness; Developmental disabilities; or Chemical dependencies. The U.S. Supreme Court upheld civil commitments in Kansas v. Hendricks, finding that such laws don't violate the U.S. Constitution's double jeopardy or ex post facto clauses. Civil commitment laws are therefore constitutionally permissive and, while they exist at the federal and state level, can vary depending on your jurisdiction. How Does Civil Commitment Work?	https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-charges/civil-commitment.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1366263179#0_2800858486	Title: How to Suppress Evidence - FindLaw Headings: How to Suppress Evidence How to Suppress Evidence The Exclusionary Rule FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Reasons a Court May Suppress Evidence Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule Get Help With Evidence Suppression From a Skilled Defense Attorney Content: How to Suppress Evidence - FindLaw How to Suppress Evidence Created by FindLaw's team of legal writers and editors \| Last updated March 15, 2019 If you've been charged with a crime but have doubts about a key piece of evidence, you may be able to get it thrown out at trial. Your guilt or innocence isn't the issue here, but rather the admissibility of police evidence. An experienced defense attorney knows how to suppress evidence that is collected illegally or which is otherwise inadmissible. But in order to have evidence thrown out, no matter how illegitimate you think it is, you must first file a motion to suppress evidence with the court. A judge will then make a ruling on the admissibility of the evidence. Evidence used in a criminal case must be both “relevant” and “competent,” meaning it needs to be directly related to the charges and collected/handled in accordance with the law. Knowing how to suppress evidence in a legal proceeding is an important step in any criminal defense. The Exclusionary Rule The exclusionary rule prevents the government from using most evidence gathered illegally. It usually comes into play when evidence is obtained in violation of a suspect’s Fourth Amendment rights against unlawful search and seizure. For example, a murder weapon can't be used at trial if police illegally searched a defendant’s home to recover it.	https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/how-to-suppress-evidence.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1366263179#1_2800860438	Title: How to Suppress Evidence - FindLaw Headings: How to Suppress Evidence How to Suppress Evidence The Exclusionary Rule FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Reasons a Court May Suppress Evidence Exceptions to the Exclusionary Rule Get Help With Evidence Suppression From a Skilled Defense Attorney Content: Evidence used in a criminal case must be both “relevant” and “competent,” meaning it needs to be directly related to the charges and collected/handled in accordance with the law. Knowing how to suppress evidence in a legal proceeding is an important step in any criminal defense. The Exclusionary Rule The exclusionary rule prevents the government from using most evidence gathered illegally. It usually comes into play when evidence is obtained in violation of a suspect’s Fourth Amendment rights against unlawful search and seizure. For example, a murder weapon can't be used at trial if police illegally searched a defendant’s home to recover it. An officer generally must obtain a valid search warrant and follow proper procedures for a piece of evidence to be admissible at trial. The rule may also be triggered by police violations of the Fifth or Sixth Amendment. Additionally, the “ fruit of the poisonous tree ” doctrine holds that otherwise admissible evidence, testimony, or even confessions may be excluded from trial if they resulted from an illegal search or some other constitutional violation. For example, a suspect is arrested and tells police where to find the gun used to commit the crime. But if he wasn't read his Miranda Rights or police ignored his pleas to speak to his lawyer, the gun may later be deemed inadmissible in court.	https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/how-to-suppress-evidence.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1366498025#1_2801422382	Title: Miranda v. Arizona and the Fifth Amendment - FindLaw Headings: Miranda v. Arizona and the Fifth Amendment Miranda v. Arizona and the Fifth Amendment Your Fifth Amendment Miranda Rights at a Glance Miranda v. Arizona, the Fifth Amendment, and the Dickerson Case FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Miranda Survives Miranda v. Arizona and the Fifth Amendment: Related Resources Use Your Miranda Rights: Contact a Defense Attorney Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: These words opened Miranda v. Arizona, the 1966 Supreme Court case that introduced the Miranda warning into the American lexicon. The following is an overview of Miranda v. Arizona and the Fifth Amendment to the Constitution. Your Fifth Amendment Miranda Rights at a Glance The so-called " Miranda warning," which has been paraded through countless movies and T.V. crime dramas, basically warns people in police custody prior to an interrogation of their constitutional rights: You have the right to remain silent. Anything you say can and will be used against you in a court of law. You have the right to an attorney. If you cannot afford an attorney, one will be appointed for you. The sanction for failing to deliver a Miranda warning prior to a custodial interrogation is quite severe. It raises an irrebuttable presumption that statements made by a suspect during such an interrogation were involuntary. And, because the Fifth Amendment protects individuals from being "compelled in a criminal case to be a witness against himself," a court will generally suppress a defendant's statements obtained during such an interrogation at trial.	https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-rights/focus-on-the-fifth-i-miranda-v-arizona-i.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367696832#0_2803908651	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree ★★★★★ Content: NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree Stephen Bilkis & Associates, PLLC Home Contact Stephen Bilkis & Associates, PLLC Home Stephen Bilkis The Firm Criminal Defense Case Results NY Penal Law NY Vehicle and Traffic Law Client Reviews Blog Contact Us More Home Stephen Bilkis Criminal Defense Case Results NY Penal Law Client Reviews Blog Contact Us Free Consultation · 24/7 for Emergency Help 800.696.9529 Fighting for Your Freedom Contact Us Now For a Free Consultation Member of: Home NY Penal Law NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree Menacing is a crime that involves doing something that puts another person in fear of immediate physical injury. No such physical injury is required to be charged with menacing. There are four menacing offenses in the New York Penal Code. Menacing in the first, second, and third degrees, as well as menacing a police officer or a peace officer. Under New York Penal Code § 120.13 you could be prosecuted for menacing in the first degree if you commit the crime of menacing in the second degree and within the preceding ten years you have been previously convicted of the crime of menacing in the second degree under New York Penal Code § 120.14 or the crime of menacing a police officer or peace officer under New York Penal Code § 120.18. Example The defendant held a large knife to a woman's chest and threatened her.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-13-menacing-in-the-first-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367696832#4_2803915442	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree ★★★★★ Content: The maximum possible sentence is 4 years in prison. Your sentence may also include a probation term of 5 years and a fine of up to $5,000. New York Penal Code § 120.13: Menacing in the first degree A person is guilty of menacing in the first degree when he or she commits the crime of menacing in the second degree and has been previously convicted of the crime of menacing in the second degree or the crime of menacing a police officer or peace officer within the preceding ten years. The Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates can help The consequences of a conviction of menacing in the first degree are quite serious. You may be sent to prison and you may have to pay a fine. You will then have to face the challenges of life with a criminal record. However, there may be defenses to such a charge that may result in the charge being dropped, reduced or you being acquitted. The staff at the Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates has years of experience successfully defending clients in New York criminal courts who have been charged with misdemeanors and felonies such as assault in the first degree, assault in the second degree, menacing, reckless endangerment, stalking, rape, and child endangerment. Contact us at 800.696.9529 to schedule a free, no obligation consultation regarding your case.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-13-menacing-in-the-first-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367702926#0_2803923471	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree ★★★★★ Content: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Stephen Bilkis & Associates, PLLC Home Contact Stephen Bilkis & Associates, PLLC Home Stephen Bilkis The Firm Criminal Defense Case Results NY Penal Law NY Vehicle and Traffic Law Client Reviews Blog Contact Us More Home Stephen Bilkis Criminal Defense Case Results NY Penal Law Client Reviews Blog Contact Us Free Consultation · 24/7 for Emergency Help 800.696.9529 Fighting for Your Freedom Contact Us Now For a Free Consultation Member of: Home NY Penal Law NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Menacing is a crime that involves doing something that puts another person in fear of immediate physical injury. No such physical injury is required to be charged with menacing. The statute only requires that you threaten another person with immediate physical injury or death. If your actions include displaying a weapon, then you will be charged with menacing in the second degree as defined in New York Penal Code § 120.14. To be prosecuted for menacing in the second degree the prosecutor must show that you: Intentionally placed another person in reasonable fear of physical injury by displaying a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, or You repeatedly follow someone or engage in a course of conduct that intentionally places another person in reasonable fear of physical injury or death, or You committed the crime of menacing in the third degree in violation of an order of protection.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-14-menacing-in-the-second-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367702926#1_2803925525	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree ★★★★★ Content: No such physical injury is required to be charged with menacing. The statute only requires that you threaten another person with immediate physical injury or death. If your actions include displaying a weapon, then you will be charged with menacing in the second degree as defined in New York Penal Code § 120.14. To be prosecuted for menacing in the second degree the prosecutor must show that you: Intentionally placed another person in reasonable fear of physical injury by displaying a deadly weapon or dangerous instrument, or You repeatedly follow someone or engage in a course of conduct that intentionally places another person in reasonable fear of physical injury or death, or You committed the crime of menacing in the third degree in violation of an order of protection. Example Two women get into a shouting match over drugs. One woman claimed that the other woman stole marijuana from her. Suddenly one woman pulled out a gun and pointed it at the other woman. She threatens to use it, but never does. Instead she puts the gun away and walks away.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-14-menacing-in-the-second-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367702926#4_2803929860	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree ★★★★★ Content: New York Penal Code § 215.51 Defenses To defend a charge of menacing in the second degree you must show that you did not display a deadly weapon or a dangerous instrument. Not every gun or knife is necessarily "deadly" or "dangerous." For example, a small utility knife might is arguably not dangerous as it could not cause a serious physical injury or death. Sentence Because menacing in the second degree is a class A misdemeanor if convicted the maximum prison sentence is up to a year in county jail. However, it is possible that the judge may not sentence you to jail and instead sentence you to probation. In addition, the judge may require that you pay a fine of up to $1,000. New York Penal Code § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree A person is guilty of menacing in the second degree when: He or she intentionally places or attempts to place another person in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury or death by displaying a deadly weapon, dangerous instrument or what appears to be a pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm; or He or she repeatedly follows a person or engages in a course of conduct or repeatedly commits acts over a period of time intentionally placing or attempting to place another person in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury or death;	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-14-menacing-in-the-second-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367702926#5_2803931701	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree ★★★★★ Content: In addition, the judge may require that you pay a fine of up to $1,000. New York Penal Code § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree A person is guilty of menacing in the second degree when: He or she intentionally places or attempts to place another person in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury or death by displaying a deadly weapon, dangerous instrument or what appears to be a pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm; or He or she repeatedly follows a person or engages in a course of conduct or repeatedly commits acts over a period of time intentionally placing or attempting to place another person in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury or death; or He or she commits the crime of menacing in the third degree in violation of that part of a duly served order of protection, or such order which the defendant has actual knowledge of because he or she was present in court when such order was issued, pursuant to article eight of the family court act, § 530.12 of the criminal procedure law, or an order of protection issued by a court of competent jurisdiction in another state, territorial or tribal jurisdiction, which directed the respondent or defendant to stay away from the person or persons on whose behalf the order was issued. The Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates can help You may be inclined to think that being arrested for a misdemeanor offense is not serious. However, the consequences of a misdemeanor conviction can have a substantial affect on your future. You may end up spending a year in jail-- away from your family and friends. Once you return you will have to face life with having a criminal record.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-14-menacing-in-the-second-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367702926#6_2803933910	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.14: Menacing in the second degree ★★★★★ Content: or He or she commits the crime of menacing in the third degree in violation of that part of a duly served order of protection, or such order which the defendant has actual knowledge of because he or she was present in court when such order was issued, pursuant to article eight of the family court act, § 530.12 of the criminal procedure law, or an order of protection issued by a court of competent jurisdiction in another state, territorial or tribal jurisdiction, which directed the respondent or defendant to stay away from the person or persons on whose behalf the order was issued. The Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates can help You may be inclined to think that being arrested for a misdemeanor offense is not serious. However, the consequences of a misdemeanor conviction can have a substantial affect on your future. You may end up spending a year in jail-- away from your family and friends. Once you return you will have to face life with having a criminal record. However, there are defenses to a charge of menacing in the second degree that may cause the charge to be dropped or reduced. The staff at the Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates has years of experience successfully defending clients in New York criminal courts who have been charged with misdemeanors and felonies such as aAssault in the first degree, assault in the second degree, menacing, reckless endangerment, stalking, rape, and child endangerment. Contact us at 800.696.9529 to schedule a free, no obligation consultation regarding your case. We serve those accused of larceny in the following locations: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Long Island, Manhattan, Nassau County, Queens, Staten Island, Suffolk County and Westchester County.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-14-menacing-in-the-second-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367710375#0_2803941016	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree ★★★★★ Content: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Stephen Bilkis & Associates, PLLC Home Contact Stephen Bilkis & Associates, PLLC Home Stephen Bilkis The Firm Criminal Defense Case Results NY Penal Law NY Vehicle and Traffic Law Client Reviews Blog Contact Us More Home Stephen Bilkis Criminal Defense Case Results NY Penal Law Client Reviews Blog Contact Us Free Consultation · 24/7 for Emergency Help 800.696.9529 Fighting for Your Freedom Contact Us Now For a Free Consultation Member of: Home NY Penal Law NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Menacing is a crime that involves doing something that puts another person in fear of immediate physical injury or death. In other words, instead of actually causing someone physical harm, you threaten to do so. There are four menacing offenses in the New York Penal Code. The least serious is menacing in the third degree. According to New York Penal Code § 120.15 you will face a charge of menacing in the third degree if you do anything that puts another person in reasonable fear of physical injury or death. It is a class B misdemeanor.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-15-menacing-in-the-third-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367710375#1_2803942707	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree ★★★★★ Content: In other words, instead of actually causing someone physical harm, you threaten to do so. There are four menacing offenses in the New York Penal Code. The least serious is menacing in the third degree. According to New York Penal Code § 120.15 you will face a charge of menacing in the third degree if you do anything that puts another person in reasonable fear of physical injury or death. It is a class B misdemeanor. Example Two young men are in a parking lot on the Fourth of July drinking beer. As the evening progresses the two start to bicker. The bickering escalates into arguing. One man approaches the other with clenched fists and spews several threats about beating him to death. However, the man who uttered the threats does not actually touch the other man.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-15-menacing-in-the-third-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367710375#3_2803945260	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree ★★★★★ Content: The threatening man could be prosecuted for menacing in the third degree. The fact that he threatened the other man and at the same time approached him in a threatening manner is enough for the other man to believe that his physical well-being was in immediate danger. Related Offenses Menacing in the first degree: New York Penal Code § 120.13 Menacing in the third degree: New York Penal Code § 120.15 Menacing a police officer or a peace officer: New York Penal Code § 120.18 Defenses A defense to the crime of menacing in the third degree is that there was not a reasonable threat of immediate physical injury or death. If the victim is particularly sensitive and is easily frightened he or she may feel threatened, but that feeling may not be reasonable. Sentence Because menacing in the third degree is a class B misdemeanor if you are convicted you could be sent to jail for up to 3 months, and you may be ordered to pay a fine of up to $500. It is also possible that in lieu of jail the court may order you to serve a probation term of 1 year. New York Penal Code § 120.15:	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-15-menacing-in-the-third-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367710375#4_2803946848	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree ★★★★★ Content: New York Penal Code § 120.18 Defenses A defense to the crime of menacing in the third degree is that there was not a reasonable threat of immediate physical injury or death. If the victim is particularly sensitive and is easily frightened he or she may feel threatened, but that feeling may not be reasonable. Sentence Because menacing in the third degree is a class B misdemeanor if you are convicted you could be sent to jail for up to 3 months, and you may be ordered to pay a fine of up to $500. It is also possible that in lieu of jail the court may order you to serve a probation term of 1 year. New York Penal Code § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree A person is guilty of menacing in the third degree when, by physical menace, he or she intentionally places or attempts to place another person in fear of death, imminent serious physical injury or physical injury. The Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates can help You may be inclined to think that being arrested for a misdemeanor offense such as menacing in the third degree is not serious. However, the consequences of a misdemeanor conviction can have a significant affect on your future. You may end up spending a year in jail-- away from your family and friends. Once you return you will have to face life with having a criminal record.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-15-menacing-in-the-third-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367710375#5_2803948653	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.15: Menacing in the third degree ★★★★★ Content: Menacing in the third degree A person is guilty of menacing in the third degree when, by physical menace, he or she intentionally places or attempts to place another person in fear of death, imminent serious physical injury or physical injury. The Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates can help You may be inclined to think that being arrested for a misdemeanor offense such as menacing in the third degree is not serious. However, the consequences of a misdemeanor conviction can have a significant affect on your future. You may end up spending a year in jail-- away from your family and friends. Once you return you will have to face life with having a criminal record. However, there are defenses to a charge of menacing in the second degree that may cause the charge to be dropped or reduced. The staff at the Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates has years of experience successfully defending clients in New York criminal courts who have been charged with misdemeanors and felonies such as assault in the first degree, assault in the second degree, menacing, reckless endangerment, stalking, rape, and child endangerment. Contact us at 800.696.9529 to schedule a free, no obligation consultation regarding your case. We serve those accused of larceny in the following locations: the Bronx, Brooklyn, Long Island, Manhattan, Nassau County, Queens, Staten Island, Suffolk County and Westchester County.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-15-menacing-in-the-third-degree.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367716548#0_2803955462	Title: NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer Fighting for Your Freedom NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer ★★★★★ Content: NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer Stephen Bilkis & Associates, PLLC Home Contact Stephen Bilkis & Associates, PLLC Home Stephen Bilkis The Firm Criminal Defense Case Results NY Penal Law NY Vehicle and Traffic Law Client Reviews Blog Contact Us More Home Stephen Bilkis Criminal Defense Case Results NY Penal Law Client Reviews Blog Contact Us Free Consultation · 24/7 for Emergency Help 800.696.9529 Fighting for Your Freedom Contact Us Now For a Free Consultation Member of: Home NY Penal Law NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer Menacing is a criminal offense that involves putting another person in fear of imminent physical injury or death by use of a threat. It is not necessary that you actually harm another person or that you even come in physical contact with another person. It is enough that your threatening actions cause another person to have a reasonable fear of imminent physical injury or death. There is a specific law designed to punish those who menace law enforcement officers using a deadly weapon. Under New York Penal Code § 120.18 it is a class D felony to threaten a police officer who is performing his or her lawful duties. To be prosecuted for this crime you must have displayed a deadly weapon such as a firearm or knife.	https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-18-menacing-a-police-officer-or-peace-of.html

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