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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1367716548#5_2803964371
|
Title: NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer
Headings: NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer
Fighting for Your Freedom
NY Penal Law § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer
★★★★★
Content: Because it is also classified as a violent felony, the judge is required to impose a minimum sentence of 2 years in prison. The actual length of your prison sentence will depend on factors such as your prior criminal record. If you one or more prior felony convictions, your sentence will include at least 2-5 years in prison. New York Penal Code § 120.18: Menacing a police officer or peace officer
A person is guilty of menacing a police officer or peace officer when he or she intentionally places or attempts to place a police officer or peace officer in reasonable fear of physical injury, serious physical injury or death by displaying a deadly weapon, knife, pistol, revolver, rifle, shotgun, machine gun or other firearm, whether operable or not, where such officer was in the course of performing his or her official duties and the defendant knew or reasonably should have known that such victim was a police officer or peace officer. The Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates can help
The consequences of committing a crime against a law enforcement officer while the officer is trying to do his or her job is that you will be sent to prison. You will end up with a criminal record that includes a violent felony offense. This will make many aspects of your life following prison more challenging. However, there may be defenses that could result in the charges against you being reduced or dropped. The staff at the Law Offices of Stephen Bilkis & Associates has years of experience successfully defending clients in New York criminal courts who have been charged with misdemeanors and felonies such as assault in the first degree, assault in the second degree, menacing, reckless endangerment, stalking, rape, and child endangerment.
|
https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-penal-code-120-18-menacing-a-police-officer-or-peace-of.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1368307326#1_2805349198
|
Title: New York Petit Larceny Sentencing Guidelines | NY Crime Defense Lawyer
Headings: New York Petit Larceny Sentencing Guidelines
Fighting for Your Freedom
New York Petit Larceny Sentencing Guidelines
Content: If the property that you are accused of stealing has a value that is less than $1,000 then you will be charged with petit larceny. N.Y. Pen. Law § 155.25. This is the charge that is most often applied to cases of shoplifting from retail stores. However, if the property has a value of more than $1,000, then the charge will be grand larceny even if the theft involves shoplifting. This distinction is significant as the possible sentence that you will receive if convicted has the potential to be significantly more severe if you are convicted of grand larceny rather than petit larceny. If you are accused of petit larceny, shoplifting, or any other theft crime, it is critical that you immediately contact a New York Petit Larceny Sentencing Lawyer who will support and guide you throughout the criminal process. Petit Larceny
Petit Larceny Sentencing Guidelines
Petit Larceny and Security Guards
Petit Larceny Defenses
Shoplifting
Shoplifting from Century 21
Shoplifting from Macy's
Shoplifting from Sephora
Shoplifting from Kohl's
Shoplifting from J.C. Penney
Shoplifting from Target
Shoplifting from Wal-Mart
Because retail stores lose billions of dollars each years to shoplifters, they use several techniques to try to catch suspected shoplifters. A common technique is to employ uniformed and undercover security guards. If a security guard thinks you have shoplifted the guard can detain you, pat you down to determine if you have a weapon, and conduct an investigation to try to confirm whether or not you have shoplifted.
|
https://criminaldefense.1800nynylaw.com/new-york-petit-larceny-sentencing-guidelines-lawyer.html
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1373762043#11_2815266470
|
Title: School Shooter | Criminal Minds Wiki | Fandom
Headings: School Shooter
School Shooter
Pathology
Modus Operandi
Types
On Criminal Minds
Real World
Notes
Sources
Content: On the third day of the crisis, heavily-armed Russian security forces breached the building and engaged the militants, leaving all but one of them dead along with 334 hostages, including 186 children. Ten other civilians and at least ten special forces members were also killed in the course of the attack. An estimated 783 others were wounded. The sole surviving militant was captured and incarcerated. The incident prompted a heavy focus on Russian security and politics, including the consolidation of power in the Kremlin and the strengthening of the Russian President 's powers. The earliest known U.S. school shooting was the Pontiac's Rebellion school massacre, in which four Lenape Native Americans attacked a schoolhouse located at what is now Greencastle, Pennsylvania, on July 26, 1764. Schoolmaster Enoch Brown and nine or ten children (sources vary between these numbers) were killed in the massacre, with only three children surviving. A park and memorial dedicated to the victims, called Enoch Brown Park, were constructed to commemorate the tragedy. The youngest known school shooter in modern history was Dedric Darnell Owens, who was six years old at the time of the shooting. On February 29, 2000, he brought a .32-caliber handgun and a knife to Buell Elementary School and fatally shot classmate Kayla Rolland after telling her, "I don't like you."
|
https://criminalminds.fandom.com/wiki/School_Shooter
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1373762043#12_2815268207
|
Title: School Shooter | Criminal Minds Wiki | Fandom
Headings: School Shooter
School Shooter
Pathology
Modus Operandi
Types
On Criminal Minds
Real World
Notes
Sources
Content: The earliest known U.S. school shooting was the Pontiac's Rebellion school massacre, in which four Lenape Native Americans attacked a schoolhouse located at what is now Greencastle, Pennsylvania, on July 26, 1764. Schoolmaster Enoch Brown and nine or ten children (sources vary between these numbers) were killed in the massacre, with only three children surviving. A park and memorial dedicated to the victims, called Enoch Brown Park, were constructed to commemorate the tragedy. The youngest known school shooter in modern history was Dedric Darnell Owens, who was six years old at the time of the shooting. On February 29, 2000, he brought a .32-caliber handgun and a knife to Buell Elementary School and fatally shot classmate Kayla Rolland after telling her, "I don't like you." Because he was one year too young to be found guilty of a felony, he was not convicted for the crime. A man living with Owens, on the other hand, was charged with involuntary manslaughter for leaving the gun within reach for Owens and served two and a half years in prison. Sources
Wikipedia's article about school shootings
The School Shooter: A Threat Assessment Perspective
Rampage School Shooters: A Typology
Retrieved from " https://criminalminds.fandom.com/wiki/School_Shooter?oldid=172729 "
Categories:
|
https://criminalminds.fandom.com/wiki/School_Shooter
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1376288588#11_2818833133
|
Title: Frequently Asked Questions
Headings: Frequently Asked Questions
Together We Give Hope
Frequently Asked Questions
If someone is seriously contemplating suicide, do you really think it is possible for them to make a decision to live?
Will talking about suicide to a person make them suicidal?
Is talking about suicide, or threatening to kill yourself just a ploy to get attention?
If someone makes a suicide attempt, but does not die, is this just looking for attention?
If a person who was depressed and suicidal suddenly seems to feel better, does this mean they are no longer at risk for suicide?
If a person is suicidal, does this mean they will always be suicidal?
What are the warning signs that someone might be considering suicide?
What can we do if we think someone is suicidal?
Don’t suicides happen fast, and usually as the result of one sudden traumatic event, so that it is hard to prevent them?
What is the link between mental health and suicide?
Do ‘copycat suicides’ really occur?
Content: Don’t suicides happen fast, and usually as the result of one sudden traumatic event, so that it is hard to prevent them? Suicides can appear to happen fast, or “out of nowhere,” when we have not noticed any indications of a person’s suicidality. Although most people (80%) present a range of indicators to the people around them, few of us have been educated to recognize these warning signs and we miss them. Suicides are also rarely the result of a single traumatic loss or change. Usually, there are many contributing factors and events that have developed or occurred over a period of time. A sudden traumatic event may be the ‘trigger’ event that moves a person to end their life, but it is unlikely the only cause. It is likely that many suicides could be prevented if we educated ourselves about the immediate, short term, and long term indicators of suicidal risk, as well as how to reach out and get effective help for someone who is letting us know they are in serious distress. What is the link between mental health and suicide? Research suggests that 70 to 90 per cent of people who have made a lethal attempt, or died by suicide, were suffering from one or more unmanaged mental health issues – such as protracted depression or anxiety, bi-polarity, psychosis, and/or substance abuse. While the presence of an unmanaged mental health issue is strongly associated with suicide, it is important to note that most people assessed with a mental illness are not at risk of suicide, and that few suicides are wholly the result of a mental illness.
|
https://crisiscentre.bc.ca/frequently-asked-questions-about-suicide/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1376288588#12_2818835955
|
Title: Frequently Asked Questions
Headings: Frequently Asked Questions
Together We Give Hope
Frequently Asked Questions
If someone is seriously contemplating suicide, do you really think it is possible for them to make a decision to live?
Will talking about suicide to a person make them suicidal?
Is talking about suicide, or threatening to kill yourself just a ploy to get attention?
If someone makes a suicide attempt, but does not die, is this just looking for attention?
If a person who was depressed and suicidal suddenly seems to feel better, does this mean they are no longer at risk for suicide?
If a person is suicidal, does this mean they will always be suicidal?
What are the warning signs that someone might be considering suicide?
What can we do if we think someone is suicidal?
Don’t suicides happen fast, and usually as the result of one sudden traumatic event, so that it is hard to prevent them?
What is the link between mental health and suicide?
Do ‘copycat suicides’ really occur?
Content: A sudden traumatic event may be the ‘trigger’ event that moves a person to end their life, but it is unlikely the only cause. It is likely that many suicides could be prevented if we educated ourselves about the immediate, short term, and long term indicators of suicidal risk, as well as how to reach out and get effective help for someone who is letting us know they are in serious distress. What is the link between mental health and suicide? Research suggests that 70 to 90 per cent of people who have made a lethal attempt, or died by suicide, were suffering from one or more unmanaged mental health issues – such as protracted depression or anxiety, bi-polarity, psychosis, and/or substance abuse. While the presence of an unmanaged mental health issue is strongly associated with suicide, it is important to note that most people assessed with a mental illness are not at risk of suicide, and that few suicides are wholly the result of a mental illness. Do ‘copycat suicides’ really occur? Yes, there is evidence to show that ‘copycat suicides’ do occur under some circumstances. If someone is already vulnerable (depressed, anxious, isolated, has made a previous attempt, and/or is showing other warning signs), one suicide can trigger another. “ Copycat suicides” or “suicide contagion” is most pronounced when someone loses someone close to them. Youth also appear to be especially vulnerable.
|
https://crisiscentre.bc.ca/frequently-asked-questions-about-suicide/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1377347668#2_2820876458
|
Title: "Ender's Game": The Book vs. The Movie - Blog
Headings: The Battle Between the Book and the Movie
The Battle Between the Book and the Movie
The Theme or not the Theme--That is the Question
The "Plot" Against Ender
Analyzing Ender
"Ender's Game": From Beginning to End
Content: After Ender had been recruited into the I.F.'s Battle School, he was taken aboard a space shuttle that was filled with other recruits. Soon afterward, the shuttle and the recruits headed toward the school. During the journey, however, Colonel Graff manipulated the recruits into loathing Ender, for he intended to enhance Ender's creativity by secluding him. As a result, Ender was isolated from the rest of the students. This event was of some importance, for it was the first time that Colonel Graff had manipulated Ender. If it had not occurred, Ender would not have developed the ability to maintain a creative mind in difficult situations. The climax of "Ender's Game" was also extremely similar in both the book and movie. In both forms of "Ender's Game", Colonel Graff and Mazer Rackham manipulated Ender by making him believe that he was fighting a simulated enemy, for Ender was actually waging a war against the buggers. Because Ender was unaware that he was fighting in real battles, he destroyed what he thought was his simulated enemy's species. However, he had, in reality, destroyed the alien species that the world had been fearing.
|
https://cristianhernandezenglish9h.weebly.com/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1377347668#4_2820879770
|
Title: "Ender's Game": The Book vs. The Movie - Blog
Headings: The Battle Between the Book and the Movie
The Battle Between the Book and the Movie
The Theme or not the Theme--That is the Question
The "Plot" Against Ender
Analyzing Ender
"Ender's Game": From Beginning to End
Content: Ender was absolutely devastated after he learned what he had done, for he had thought that he was battling against a simulated enemy. The climax had a largely impacted "Ender's Game" because it demonstrated how manipulation and deception can lead to devastation. If Colonel Graff and Mazer Rackham had not manipulated him, Ender would not have destroyed his enemy's planet or sacrificed so many of his own ships. It is even likely that Ender would have refused to participate in the war, for he would not have wanted to be the source of so much death. Therefore, Ender would not have been devastated. The movie's similarities to the novel are not confined to major events, for the movie and novel are similar in other ways as well. There were some differences between the Ender in the book and the Ender in the movie, but Ender Wiggin's main character traits were similar in both forms of "Ender's Game." For example, the Ender in the novel was strategic and compassionate, and the Ender in the movie was also strategic and compassionate. The Ender in the movie is also similar to the Ender in the book because of fear, for both Enders feared becoming like Peter. The setting was also a major similarity between the book form and the movie form of "Ender's Game," for a majority of the book and movie took place in the Battle School.
|
https://cristianhernandezenglish9h.weebly.com/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1381175396#8_2826985641
|
Title: Vox Machina | Critical Role Wiki | Fandom
Headings: Vox Machina
Vox Machina
Vox Machina
Alias (es)
Basic Information
Type
Base of operations
Favored deity
Goals
History
Formed
Membership
Total members
Notable members
Contents
Founding
Name
Road to Renown
Members
Alignments
Roles
Relationships Within the Group
Allies and Friends
Enemies
Alive
Dead
References
Art:
Content: Vax'ildan, Matthew Mercer, and Vex'ahlia. Vax is one of the main damage dealers in the group, partly because he tends to be the one scouting ahead, though he is sometimes accompanied by his sister Vex'ahlia. Grog carries the group's Bag of Holding and is another of the main damage dealers, serving as a tank and protecting the less armored party members. Scanlan is occasionally used for infiltration and subterfuge, and Keyleth has been known to do aerial reconnaissance and transportation. Pike is the group's main healer, though Keyleth, Vex, and Scanlan also have healing abilities, albeit to a more limited extent. Percy is known for creating explosive and other types of arrows for Vex to use in combat, as well as crafting his own ammunition. He also tends to handle negotiations most of the time. Keyleth often tries to act as the conscience of the group. Though others may agree with her, she is often the most vocal about advocating for doing the right thing or worrying about a person's well-being, against more eloquent members who don't share her concerns. Vex'ahlia is the group's treasurer.
|
https://criticalrole.fandom.com/wiki/Vox_Machina
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1381499909#14_2827701999
|
Title: Critical thinking for problem-solving | Critical Thinking Secrets
Headings: Critical Thinking for Problem Solving
Critical Thinking for Problem Solving
Critical Thinking Methods
Process Of Critical Thinking
Benefits Of Using Critical Thinking Methods In Solving Problems
How to Achieve Critical Thinking Skills
Parting Words
Content: Critical thinking makes you prioritize time and resources by analyzing and taking only what is essential. Appreciation of Different World Views. When you are open-minded, you’ll be able to empathize with the many differing point of views. With critical thinking, you’ll see beyond cultural norms and understand the factors that can influence making decisions. Being empathetic and understanding helps for effective leadership and teamwork. Enhanced Communication. Critical thinking helps you to be a good communicator once you know how to analyze and build evidence for any given premise. Having relevant and consistent points in supporting theory is important in communication. Decision-making. These abilities are transformed once you are able to apply critical thinking in solving problems.
|
https://criticalthinkingsecrets.com/critical-thinking-for-problem-solving/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1382429460#11_2829743400
|
Title: Will Rat Poison Kill Moles? - Critters Gone
Headings: Will Rat Poison Kill Moles?
Will Rat Poison Kill Moles?
Content: How to Kill Moles with Poison. There are only a few poisons on the market to kill moles and other. Warfarin has been the staple of rat and mice elimination by. Nearly blind and largely unseen by people moles do not pose any. but the moles can actually manage to kill off. rat poison mouse poison rat bait. Moles are insectivores. Their main diet is earthworms. They do not eat plants, seeds, or roots and therefore they will not eat any mouse/rat poisons or baits used to control rodents. There is one mole bait, called Talpirid.
|
https://crittersgone.com/will-rat-poison-kill-moles-2/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1386962663#2_2841470360
|
Title: French School Lunch Menus
Headings: French School Lunches
French School Lunches
What do French schoolchildren eat for lunch?
Content: Dessert is fresh fruit four times a week with a sweet treat on the fifth day. The Ministry of National Education requires that the children sit at the lunch table for at least 30 minutes, in order to eat a civilized meal. The municipal government is responsible for operating the cantine, now more appropriately called the restaurant scolaire, and adhering to the national nutritional requirements which include: Within any four-week period (20 meals), only a maximum of four main dishes and three desserts can be high fat. Similarly, fried food is limited to four meals per month, likely the same four high-fat main dishes. Ketchup can only be served once per week, typically with the once-per-week fries, and only a limited amount provided with the meal. Many school simply don't serve the high-sugar high-salt ketchup at all. No sweetened and flavored milk, water is served. No daily menu may be repeated within a month. The municipal government can set prices within the constraints of the national law's maximum limit and sliding scale.
|
https://cromwell-intl.com/travel/france/school-lunch-menus/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1386962663#3_2841471760
|
Title: French School Lunch Menus
Headings: French School Lunches
French School Lunches
What do French schoolchildren eat for lunch?
Content: Ketchup can only be served once per week, typically with the once-per-week fries, and only a limited amount provided with the meal. Many school simply don't serve the high-sugar high-salt ketchup at all. No sweetened and flavored milk, water is served. No daily menu may be repeated within a month. The municipal government can set prices within the constraints of the national law's maximum limit and sliding scale. The result is that, on average, a school lunch costs something like €2.30–2.80. The very wealthiest families might pay €5.40 per meal while those with the lowest of incomes pay €0.15 and free meals are available for those who can't pay. Vending machines are prohibited in French schools. Parents are strongly discouraged from sending their children to school with sack lunches, and very few do. All this comes from the Ministry of National Education, formally known as the Ministère de l'Éducation nationale, de la Jeunesse et de la Vie associative, indicating the sports and other physical activity are also considered a crucial part of French life.
|
https://cromwell-intl.com/travel/france/school-lunch-menus/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1387991141#3_2843183536
|
Title: Can a Person Be Convicted Without Evidence? - Crooks, Low & Connell, S.C.
Headings: Can a Person Be Convicted Without Evidence?
Can a Person Be Convicted Without Evidence?
Can a Person Be Convicted Without Evidence?
The Prosecution’s Burden of Proof in Criminal Trials
What Is “Evidence?”
Disclaimer: This Article Is Not Legal Advice.
Criminal Defense Lawyers in Wausau, WI
Content: Who wins? The answer is clear: The defense. Since it is up to the prosecution to prove that the defendant committed the crime alleged, if the prosecution does not provide any proof (in the form of evidence), the case must be dismissed. “…beyond a reasonable doubt.” – Not only must the prosecution introduce evidence of guilt, it must prove the defendant’s guilt “beyond a reasonable doubt.” If the prosecution presents some evidence, but not enough to clearly prove that the defendant committed the crime, the jury should find the defendant not guilty. What Is “Evidence?” A lot of the confusion about evidence in criminal cases stems from a lack of clear understanding of what constitutes “evidence.” To many people, evidence means physical evidence – a literal smoking gun or drugs in the possession of someone caught red-handed.
|
https://crooks-law.com/convicted-without-evidence/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1387991141#6_2843188364
|
Title: Can a Person Be Convicted Without Evidence? - Crooks, Low & Connell, S.C.
Headings: Can a Person Be Convicted Without Evidence?
Can a Person Be Convicted Without Evidence?
Can a Person Be Convicted Without Evidence?
The Prosecution’s Burden of Proof in Criminal Trials
What Is “Evidence?”
Disclaimer: This Article Is Not Legal Advice.
Criminal Defense Lawyers in Wausau, WI
Content: Chemical evidence – If you are being prosecuted for driving under the influence (DUI), the results of your breath, urine, or blood test may be admissible as evidence at trial. Witness testimony – If someone saw you commit a crime, his or her testimony would be considered evidence against you. Confessions – Any self-incriminating statements that you make to the police may be admissible as evidence, as well. Circumstantial evidence – Were you at the scene of the crime when the crime occurred? If so, the prosecution may be able to use this as circumstantial evidence that you were involved. Electronic evidence – In computer crime, domestic violence and certain other types of cases, text messages, emails, computer files, and other types of electronic records may be admissible as evidence, as well. Keep in mind that whether something constitutes evidence and whether that evidence is admissible at trial are two completely separate questions. If the police obtained evidence against you in violation of your Constitutional rights, you may be entitled to have that evidence deemed inadmissible at trial. Disclaimer: This Article Is Not Legal Advice.
|
https://crooks-law.com/convicted-without-evidence/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388071700#3_2843319588
|
Title:
Headings:
Why
Has
T
errorism
Increased?
T
errorism
by
Individuals
and
Organizations
Terrorism
against
Americans
September
11,
2001,
Attacks
Al-Qaeda
Where
Is
Osama
bin
Laden?
State
Support
for
T
errorism
Libya
Afghanistan
Iraq
Pakistan
SUMMARY
Future
of
the
Nation-State
in
Europe
Content: Terrorists
consider
violence
necessary
as
a
means
of
bring-
ing
widespread
publicity
to
goals
and
grievances
that
are
not
being
addressed
through
peaceful
means. Terrorists’
belief
in
their
cause
is
so
strong
that
they
do
not
hesitate
to
strike
despite
knowing
they
will
probably
die
in
the
act. ■
T
errorism
by
Individuals
and
Organizations
The
term
terror
(from
the
Latin
“to
frighten”)
was
first
applied
to
the
period
of
the
French
Revolution
between
March
1793
and
July
1794,
known
as
the
Reign
of
Terror. In
the
name
of
protecting
the
principles
of
the
revolution,
the
Committee
of
Public
Safety,
headed
by
Maximilien
Robespierre,
guillotined
several
thousand
of
its
political
opponents. In
modern
times,
the
term
terrorism
has
been
applied
to
actions
by
groups
operating
outside
government
rather
than
to
those
of
official
government
agencies,
although
some
governments
provide
military
and
financial
support
for
terrorists. Four
U.S.
presidents
have
been
assassinated—Lincoln
(1865),
Garfield
(1881),
McKinley
(1901),
and
Kennedy
(1963). The
Roman
Emperor
Julius
Caesar’s
assassination
2,000
years
ago
has
been
vividly
re-created
for
future
generations
through
Shakespeare’s
play. The
assassination
of
the
Archduke
Franz
Ferdinand,
heir
to
the
throne
of
Austria-Hungary,
by
a
Serb
in
Sarajevo
(capital
of
present-day
Bosnia
&
Herzegovina)
June
28,
1914,
led
directly
to
the
outbreak
of
World
War
I.
But
terrorism
differs
from
assassinations
and
other
acts
of
political
violence
because
attacks
are
aimed
at
ordinary
people
rather
than
at
mil-
itary
targets
or
political
leaders. Victims
of
terrorism
are
a
cross
section
of
citizens
who
happen
to
be
at
the
target
at
the
time
of
the
attack. Other
types
of
military
action
can
result
in
civilian
deaths—bombs
can
go
astray,
targets
can
be
misidentified,
and
enemy’s
military
equipment
can
be
hidden
in
civilian
build-
ings—but
average
individuals
are
unintended
victims
rather
than
principal
targets
in
most
conflicts.
|
https://crookschatt.weebly.com/uploads/1/2/0/9/120904903/ch8_issue4.pdf
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388335892#0_2843686562
|
Title: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Headings: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Content: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
by Team CropForLife January 8, 2021
Agriculture is being practiced for hundreds of years providing employment, food, and necessities of life to the majority of the world. With the rising demand for food, agriculture is also flourishing and gradually increasing demand for agriculture land. However, apart from the positive aspects of agriculture, there are several negative effects of agriculture on the environment which are creating serious problems for a sustainable environment. Researchers are now trying to discover the problems and their solutions to overcome the negative effects of agriculture. Globally, agriculture is the biggest sector with the highest employment rate. However, it still comes with great risks of environmental degradation. Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate change
Pest problems
Industrial & agricultural waste
Irrigation
Livestock grazing
Chemical fertilizer
Point source pollution
Non-point source pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of riparian shading
Stream modification
Genetic engineering
Issues by region
Soil/Land Degradation
Degradation of land and soil is one of the most serious negative effects of agriculture on the environment. It significantly endangers agricultural sustainability and increases water and soil erosion during rains and flowing waters. About 141.3-million-hectare of global land are facing serious erosion issues due to uncontrolled deforestation, over-grazing, and the use of inappropriate cultural practices. Alongside the rivers, about 8.5-million-hectare land, rising groundwater tables are badly affecting the ability of the land to hold plants and allow the application of cultivation practices.
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https://cropforlife.com/negative-effects-of-agriculture-on-the-environment/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388335892#1_2843689632
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Title: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Headings: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Content: However, it still comes with great risks of environmental degradation. Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate change
Pest problems
Industrial & agricultural waste
Irrigation
Livestock grazing
Chemical fertilizer
Point source pollution
Non-point source pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of riparian shading
Stream modification
Genetic engineering
Issues by region
Soil/Land Degradation
Degradation of land and soil is one of the most serious negative effects of agriculture on the environment. It significantly endangers agricultural sustainability and increases water and soil erosion during rains and flowing waters. About 141.3-million-hectare of global land are facing serious erosion issues due to uncontrolled deforestation, over-grazing, and the use of inappropriate cultural practices. Alongside the rivers, about 8.5-million-hectare land, rising groundwater tables are badly affecting the ability of the land to hold plants and allow the application of cultivation practices. Similarly, intensive agriculture and increased use of irrigations also result in soil salination, waterlogging, etc. On the other hand, soil degradation results in a decline in soil quality, soil biodiversity, and essential nutrients affecting crop productivity. Some of the common factors for soil degradation are salination, waterlogging, excessive use of pesticides, soil structure and fertility losses, changes in soil pH, and erosion. Soil erosion is one major factor of soil degradation, results in the loss of highly fertile topsoil which is the key component of agriculture and crop production. Soil degradation also severely affects the soil microbial communities which mainly take part in natural nutrient cycling, disease and pest control, and transformation of soil chemical properties.
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https://cropforlife.com/negative-effects-of-agriculture-on-the-environment/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388335892#10_2843706704
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Title: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Headings: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Content: As for more profit and production farmers are moving toward the use of hybrid seeds and genetically modified crops which are causing huge damage to native species. Due to the loss of native plant species, other living communities are also facing survival problems or genetic modification which are making them more harmful to the natural ecosystem. Climate Change
Among the negative effects of agriculture on the environment, climate and agriculture are two globally interconnected processes that move ahead in a parallel manner. Therefore, changing climate adversely affect agricultural productivity and play a significant role in global warming, including temperature fluctuations, unpredicted precipitation, and glacial run-off. Thus, these attributes highly affect the ability of an ecosystem to produce enough food for the population. Agriculture plays a significant impact on global climate, mainly through the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide. Additionally, modern agricultural practices such as the use of synthetic fertilizers, tillage, etc., also emit ammonia, nitrate, and many-other residues of synthetic chemicals that severely affect natural resources like., water, air, soil, and biodiversity. For better productivity farmers repeatedly use tillage practice on agricultural land which results in loss of earth’s cover, which influences the earth’s ability toward solar radiations, heat, and light.
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https://cropforlife.com/negative-effects-of-agriculture-on-the-environment/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388335892#11_2843708955
|
Title: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Headings: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Content: Agriculture plays a significant impact on global climate, mainly through the emission of greenhouse gases such as CO2, CH4, and nitrous oxide. Additionally, modern agricultural practices such as the use of synthetic fertilizers, tillage, etc., also emit ammonia, nitrate, and many-other residues of synthetic chemicals that severely affect natural resources like., water, air, soil, and biodiversity. For better productivity farmers repeatedly use tillage practice on agricultural land which results in loss of earth’s cover, which influences the earth’s ability toward solar radiations, heat, and light. Pest Problem
Due to the change in the crop harvesting pattern, increase in irrigated areas, and the higher intensity of cultivation, the problem with pests becoming serious day by day. A major reason for the increase in severity of pests is the uncontrolled use of pesticides. Pests are becoming resistant to available pesticides and returning with more harmful effects. The population of birds and insects has declined significantly due to loss of habitat and changing climate, resulting in a lack of natural biological control. High and uncontrolled use of hazardous pesticides has a direct impact on farmers, consumers, and animal health.
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https://cropforlife.com/negative-effects-of-agriculture-on-the-environment/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388335892#12_2843711008
|
Title: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Headings: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Content: Pest Problem
Due to the change in the crop harvesting pattern, increase in irrigated areas, and the higher intensity of cultivation, the problem with pests becoming serious day by day. A major reason for the increase in severity of pests is the uncontrolled use of pesticides. Pests are becoming resistant to available pesticides and returning with more harmful effects. The population of birds and insects has declined significantly due to loss of habitat and changing climate, resulting in a lack of natural biological control. High and uncontrolled use of hazardous pesticides has a direct impact on farmers, consumers, and animal health. On the other hand, residual pesticides are way more dangerous for humans and animals and pose serious health risks. Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Among several negative effects of agriculture on the environment, industrial & agricultural waste is the most dangerous and harmful for the ecosystem and humans. Agricultural remains of several crops like., rice straw and hull, because of improper handling act as agricultural waste. To remove this waste farmers usually practice burning methods which result in the production of high CO2 and CO levels in the air, causing severe respiratory problems in humans and animals.
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https://cropforlife.com/negative-effects-of-agriculture-on-the-environment/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388335892#13_2843713070
|
Title: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Headings: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Content: On the other hand, residual pesticides are way more dangerous for humans and animals and pose serious health risks. Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Among several negative effects of agriculture on the environment, industrial & agricultural waste is the most dangerous and harmful for the ecosystem and humans. Agricultural remains of several crops like., rice straw and hull, because of improper handling act as agricultural waste. To remove this waste farmers usually practice burning methods which result in the production of high CO2 and CO levels in the air, causing severe respiratory problems in humans and animals. Agricultural waste needs to be recycled through the processing of by-products by enterprises such as fishing, poultry, dairy, etc., as well as plowing for maintaining organic matter. Use of mechanization in agriculture also results in several negative ecological impacts because for their effective application they also need several resources like electricity, diesel, gasoline, etc. which end up in smoke, loss, and high prices. Pollution from fertilizer industries is also contaminating the air and water which negatively impacts the ecological system of a country.
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https://cropforlife.com/negative-effects-of-agriculture-on-the-environment/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388335892#14_2843715058
|
Title: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Headings: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Content: Agricultural waste needs to be recycled through the processing of by-products by enterprises such as fishing, poultry, dairy, etc., as well as plowing for maintaining organic matter. Use of mechanization in agriculture also results in several negative ecological impacts because for their effective application they also need several resources like electricity, diesel, gasoline, etc. which end up in smoke, loss, and high prices. Pollution from fertilizer industries is also contaminating the air and water which negatively impacts the ecological system of a country. This non-degradable waste cause toxicity in plants and animals, especially aquatic life, and also imbalance the soil nutrients. Recently, farmers started using plastic sheets as mulch to cover soil (50-70%) for the efficient practice of drip irrigation to enhance crop productivity. By using pesticides with plastics, runoff pesticides can be more easily transported to wet-lands or streams, causing severe deformation of water reserves. In the US, the use of plastic mulch increased to 110 million-pounds and after using it all ends up in landfills causing ecological instability. Irrigation
Agriculture accounts for 70% of the total freshwater globally.
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https://cropforlife.com/negative-effects-of-agriculture-on-the-environment/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1388335892#15_2843717079
|
Title: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment - CropForLife
Headings: Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Table of Contents
Top 16 Negative Effects of Agriculture on the Environment
Soil/Land Degradation
Deforestation
Biodiversity
Climate Change
Pest Problem
Industrial & Agricultural Wastes
Irrigation
Livestock Grazing
Chemical Fertilizer
Point Source Pollution
Non-Point Source Pollution
Sedimentation
Removal of Riparian Shading
Stream Modification
Genetic Engineering
Issues by Region
Content: This non-degradable waste cause toxicity in plants and animals, especially aquatic life, and also imbalance the soil nutrients. Recently, farmers started using plastic sheets as mulch to cover soil (50-70%) for the efficient practice of drip irrigation to enhance crop productivity. By using pesticides with plastics, runoff pesticides can be more easily transported to wet-lands or streams, causing severe deformation of water reserves. In the US, the use of plastic mulch increased to 110 million-pounds and after using it all ends up in landfills causing ecological instability. Irrigation
Agriculture accounts for 70% of the total freshwater globally. Expert predictions estimate that the need for wa
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https://cropforlife.com/negative-effects-of-agriculture-on-the-environment/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1390321540#10_2848346627
|
Title: Washington’s successful vote-by-mail system wasn’t built overnight | Crosscut
Headings: Washington’s successful vote-by-mail system wasn’t built overnight
Washington’s successful vote-by-mail system wasn’t built overnight
Culture
Seattle’s Short Run comics and arts festival is in it for the long run
Inside Crosscut
It’s election season in Washington again. What’s on your mind?
Opinion
Recall in Seattle: The roots and realities of a populist process
Up next
Podcast | Where Jane Goodall finds hope in the face of climate change
Content: Wise said King County is considering shift work in its huge ballot processing center in Renton, but will also encourage voters to turn in their ballots as fast as possible since the processing of more than a million votes will likely take longer with more shifts. While other states and Congress are considering a switch to vote-by-mail to make it safer for everyone to cast their vote, Wyman believes that the strongest reason for the switch may be access. Turnout data supports her conclusion. “It really empowers the voter to vote when it’s convenient for them,” she said. General election turnout has been consistently high in Washington state over the years, both before and after vote-by-mail was adopted. But the move to voting at home still seems to have improved that participation, especially among younger voters. Still, there’s both good and bad news in the data, depending on your perspective. Vote by mail seems to be attracting younger voters. In the 2018 midterm election, 50.6% of registered voters age 18 to 24 cast their ballots, compared with 41.3% of the youngest voters who participated in the 2010 midterm election during President Barack Obama’s first term. The latter involved ballots cast both in-person or by mail before vote-by-mail took effect in Washington.
|
https://crosscut.com/2020/04/washingtons-successful-vote-mail-system-wasnt-built-overnight
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1390321540#11_2848348755
|
Title: Washington’s successful vote-by-mail system wasn’t built overnight | Crosscut
Headings: Washington’s successful vote-by-mail system wasn’t built overnight
Washington’s successful vote-by-mail system wasn’t built overnight
Culture
Seattle’s Short Run comics and arts festival is in it for the long run
Inside Crosscut
It’s election season in Washington again. What’s on your mind?
Opinion
Recall in Seattle: The roots and realities of a populist process
Up next
Podcast | Where Jane Goodall finds hope in the face of climate change
Content: But the move to voting at home still seems to have improved that participation, especially among younger voters. Still, there’s both good and bad news in the data, depending on your perspective. Vote by mail seems to be attracting younger voters. In the 2018 midterm election, 50.6% of registered voters age 18 to 24 cast their ballots, compared with 41.3% of the youngest voters who participated in the 2010 midterm election during President Barack Obama’s first term. The latter involved ballots cast both in-person or by mail before vote-by-mail took effect in Washington. The same youth bump was seen in the 2016 general election, when President Donald Trump was elected, with 59% of registered 18- to 24-year-olds voting, compared with 56.4% who voted in 2008, when Obama was first elected. Turnout among older voters, however, has decreased under vote-by-mail, with lower turnout in 2016 and 2018 than 2008 and 2010 among voters 45 and older. Washington could not provide turnout data by racial and ethnic group, but another state that votes by mail did have that information available. A 2017 study of Colorado voting, done by Pantheon Analytics for The Washington Monthly, also found that younger voters increased their participation while the oldest voters decreased. The study also looked at race as a factor, even though it’s difficult to track, and found that turnout among Asian, Black and Hispanic voters all increased in the election they studied, but not by a large factor.
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https://crosscut.com/2020/04/washingtons-successful-vote-mail-system-wasnt-built-overnight
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1390510777#23_2848804305
|
Title: 65 Apologetics Questions Every Christian Parent Needs to Learn to Answer
Headings: 65 Apologetics Questions Every Christian Parent Needs to Learn to Answer
65 Apologetics Questions Every Christian Parent Needs to Learn to Answer
By Natasha Crain
Questions About the Existence and Nature of God
Questions About Truth and Worldviews
Questions About Jesus
Questions About the Bible
Science and Christianity
Other Important (and Common) Questions
Recommended resources related to the topic:
Facebook Comments
Content: Why do Intelligent Design proponents consider it a scientific theory and not a religious one? 49. What are the major reasons Intelligent Design proponents reject evolution as a sufficient explanation for the existence of life? 50. What does it mean that the universe appears to be “finely tuned?” Evolution
51. What is evolution (from a purely scientific perspective)? 52. What are the key pieces of evidence for evolution? 53.
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https://crossexamined.org/65-apologetics-questions-every-christian-parent-needs-to-learn-to-answer/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1390571655#10_2848938113
|
Title: Can Science Answer All Questions?
Headings: Can Science Answer All Questions?
Can Science Answer All Questions?
By Paul Rezkalla
1. Metaphysical Facts
2. Ethical Facts
Facebook Comments
Content: This means that observing and understanding how things are cannot tell us that this is the way things ought to be. Just because we observe that mammals help each other doesn’t tell us that we should help each other. Well, maybe we can say that we ought to help each other because that increases human flourishing. Right? Ok, but that presupposes that human flourishing is good and should be striven towards. But why is increasing human flourishing good in the first place? Why should we pursue it? Any answer that one gives to that question will not come from science. That’s because science is descriptive, not prescriptive. The ‘should’ or ‘ought’ has to come from elsewhere.
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https://crossexamined.org/can-science-answer-questions/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1390571655#11_2848939207
|
Title: Can Science Answer All Questions?
Headings: Can Science Answer All Questions?
Can Science Answer All Questions?
By Paul Rezkalla
1. Metaphysical Facts
2. Ethical Facts
Facebook Comments
Content: But why is increasing human flourishing good in the first place? Why should we pursue it? Any answer that one gives to that question will not come from science. That’s because science is descriptive, not prescriptive. The ‘should’ or ‘ought’ has to come from elsewhere. Science can’t give us that. Science doesn’t tell us that rape is evil. Science can’t tell us that rape is evil. The value judgment, evil, lies beyond the scope of the scientific method. Sure, science can tell us that rape can have biological and psychological repercussions on individuals and societies, but to say that rape is evil is not something that science can do.
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https://crossexamined.org/can-science-answer-questions/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1390571655#12_2848940274
|
Title: Can Science Answer All Questions?
Headings: Can Science Answer All Questions?
Can Science Answer All Questions?
By Paul Rezkalla
1. Metaphysical Facts
2. Ethical Facts
Facebook Comments
Content: Science can’t give us that. Science doesn’t tell us that rape is evil. Science can’t tell us that rape is evil. The value judgment, evil, lies beyond the scope of the scientific method. Sure, science can tell us that rape can have biological and psychological repercussions on individuals and societies, but to say that rape is evil is not something that science can do. We know that rape is evil wholly apart from science. Science can’t answer questions beyond those about the observable, testable world around us. Trying to do so is akin to using a yardstick to find the weight of a bucket of water. It won’t work because that isn’t the correct tool. My point here is not to say that science is bad.
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https://crossexamined.org/can-science-answer-questions/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1403545694#4_2871949115
|
Title: 11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free - Cruelty Free Only
Headings: 11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free
11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free
Animal testing for cosmetics 101
A brief history of animal testing for cosmetics
What types of tests are performed on animals? Why is animal testing cruel?
The test itself is only part of the issue – there are other reasons why animal testing is cruel
Animal testing is unreliable and inaccurate
Animal testing alternatives are ethical, cheaper and more accurate
Some countries ban animal testing for cosmetics and for others, it’s still mandatory
European Union
Testing bans:
Marketing ban:
United States
Other countries
However, these bans do not apply in certain cases. Animal testing for cosmetics is still performed.
REACH
And what about animal testing in China?
Boycotting brands that test on animals is the most effective solution to stop animal testing for cosmetics
What is the definition of “cruelty free”? What does it actually mean?
“Vegan” and “Cruelty Free” are different things
What does it take for a product or brand to be considered cruelty free?
Parent companies that test on animals
Certifications, labels, logos…
Beauty Without Bunnies
Leaping Bunny
Choose Cruelty Free
Conclusion about cruelty free certifications
Going cruelty free really does help stop animal testing for cosmetics
Some cosmetics companies have gone cruelty free as a result of the pressure to stop animal testing
Reach out to your favorite brands
Spread the message
Start making better consumer choices
Content: And what’s the deal with China? How can I help? How do we get companies to stop testing on animals? What does cruelty free mean? How do I tell if a product or brand is cruelty free? What is the official cruelty free logo and certifications? Will my cosmetics choices make any difference? The goal of this article is to provide some more insight and information to help educate everyone and raise awareness regarding this horrific practice. We hope this is going to be a valuable resource for people who are unaware of this practice, as well as for everyone who just wants to learn more about the background of the animal welfare movement. Education on topics such as this one is very important to help us make better choices as consumers when purchasing cosmetic products if we don’t want to support animal cruelty and make a difference in the lives of our fellow earthlings.
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https://crueltyfreeonly.com/animal-testing-for-cosmetics/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1403545694#13_2871975686
|
Title: 11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free - Cruelty Free Only
Headings: 11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free
11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free
Animal testing for cosmetics 101
A brief history of animal testing for cosmetics
What types of tests are performed on animals? Why is animal testing cruel?
The test itself is only part of the issue – there are other reasons why animal testing is cruel
Animal testing is unreliable and inaccurate
Animal testing alternatives are ethical, cheaper and more accurate
Some countries ban animal testing for cosmetics and for others, it’s still mandatory
European Union
Testing bans:
Marketing ban:
United States
Other countries
However, these bans do not apply in certain cases. Animal testing for cosmetics is still performed.
REACH
And what about animal testing in China?
Boycotting brands that test on animals is the most effective solution to stop animal testing for cosmetics
What is the definition of “cruelty free”? What does it actually mean?
“Vegan” and “Cruelty Free” are different things
What does it take for a product or brand to be considered cruelty free?
Parent companies that test on animals
Certifications, labels, logos…
Beauty Without Bunnies
Leaping Bunny
Choose Cruelty Free
Conclusion about cruelty free certifications
Going cruelty free really does help stop animal testing for cosmetics
Some cosmetics companies have gone cruelty free as a result of the pressure to stop animal testing
Reach out to your favorite brands
Spread the message
Start making better consumer choices
Content: The truth of the matter is that tests performed on animals aren’t even accurate as there can be many differences between the effects of these ingredients in humans and animals. Let’s take the Draize eye test as an example. There are several significant differences between the structure of the eyes and the volume of tears in humans and in rabbits. Different species of animals (including humans) have wide variations in responses to chemicals, regardless of the way they’re administered. Similar problems exist with other types of animal tests for cosmetics as well. This makes all of these tests unreliable, and therefore obsolete. Animal testing alternatives are ethical, cheaper and more accurate
There have been significant advancements in the development of new alternatives to animal testing (known as in vivo tests). Some of these alternatives include in vitro testing, computer ( in silico) modeling and research with human volunteers. I have an entire post about how cruelty free products are tested, so check it out if you want to learn more. Harvard’s Wyss Institute has created “organs-on-chips” which are based on human cells that are grown to mimic human organs, both structurally and functionally.
|
https://crueltyfreeonly.com/animal-testing-for-cosmetics/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1403545694#14_2871978812
|
Title: 11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free - Cruelty Free Only
Headings: 11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free
11 Facts About Animal Testing For Cosmetics & Cruelty Free
Animal testing for cosmetics 101
A brief history of animal testing for cosmetics
What types of tests are performed on animals? Why is animal testing cruel?
The test itself is only part of the issue – there are other reasons why animal testing is cruel
Animal testing is unreliable and inaccurate
Animal testing alternatives are ethical, cheaper and more accurate
Some countries ban animal testing for cosmetics and for others, it’s still mandatory
European Union
Testing bans:
Marketing ban:
United States
Other countries
However, these bans do not apply in certain cases. Animal testing for cosmetics is still performed.
REACH
And what about animal testing in China?
Boycotting brands that test on animals is the most effective solution to stop animal testing for cosmetics
What is the definition of “cruelty free”? What does it actually mean?
“Vegan” and “Cruelty Free” are different things
What does it take for a product or brand to be considered cruelty free?
Parent companies that test on animals
Certifications, labels, logos…
Beauty Without Bunnies
Leaping Bunny
Choose Cruelty Free
Conclusion about cruelty free certifications
Going cruelty free really does help stop animal testing for cosmetics
Some cosmetics companies have gone cruelty free as a result of the pressure to stop animal testing
Reach out to your favorite brands
Spread the message
Start making better consumer choices
Content: This makes all of these tests unreliable, and therefore obsolete. Animal testing alternatives are ethical, cheaper and more accurate
There have been significant advancements in the development of new alternatives to animal testing (known as in vivo tests). Some of these alternatives include in vitro testing, computer ( in silico) modeling and research with human volunteers. I have an entire post about how cruelty free products are tested, so check it out if you want to learn more. Harvard’s Wyss Institute has created “organs-on-chips” which are based on human cells that are grown to mimic human organs, both structurally and functionally. These microchip organs can be used to study the effects of different substances by modeling human organs. On the other hand, some tests are based on computer models. Researchers have developed algorithms that can utilize large databases of chemicals to predict whether a substance is toxic or not. Biologists have been experimenting with computer models of human organs for a while now. With the evolution of this technology and with better statistical and experimental data availability, these models are more accurate than ever.
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https://crueltyfreeonly.com/animal-testing-for-cosmetics/
|
msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1406459138#3_2879364814
|
Title: 5 Clothing Optional Beaches in the Caribbean
Headings: 5 Clothing Optional Beaches in the Caribbean
DESTINATIONS
5 Clothing Optional Beaches in the Caribbean
5 Rated “R” Clothing Optional Beaches in the Caribbean
Stay in the Know with Cruise Radio!
Content: Saline Beach is popular with the celeb set, including the Victoria’s Secret Angels. Grand Saline and Gouverneur Beach also offer stunning views. Coastline of St. Barts. photo: wiki
3. Negril, Jamaica. Home to Seven Mile Beach, this Jamaican town features a resort called Hedonism II, famous for its nude beaches. The area even has ‘nude’ and ‘prude’ sections with separate facilities for each side. It’s not just the resort, the entire beach pretty much operates as clothing-optional, including local beach, Booby Cay (actually named for the bird). Negril coastline, with the famous “7-Mile Beach” visible in the background.
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https://cruiseradio.net/5-clothing-optional-beaches-caribbean/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1415797316#6_2899989263
|
Title: TOP–10 Bitcoin Friendly States - Cryptalker
Headings: TOP–10 Bitcoin Friendly States
TOP–10 Bitcoin Friendly States
Table of Contents
State Crypto Currency Regulations
Best States for Bitcoin Users
Ohio
Wyoming
New Hampshire
Texas
Tennessee
Washington, D.C.
Best States for Bitcoin Mining
The five least expensive states:
Louisiana
Idaho
Arkansas
Washington
Summary
Christine Rebane
Content: The move initially applies only to businesses, with plans to extend the offering to individual taxpayers in the future. Ohio-based businesses are able to register to pay all of their taxes in the leading cryptocurrency. The payments are reportedly set to be processed via crypto payments service BitPay. Wyoming
The Wyoming state government has been expanding its status as a hub for crypto and blockchain technology by passing several new bills this February. The state of Wyoming has recently passed a resolution claiming that Wyoming “law recognizes property rights in the direct ownership of digital assets.” The bill plainly states “that digital assets are property within the Uniform Commercial Code” and goes on to elaborate some of its ramifications. The Wyoming State Senate also passed a bill updating the classification of crypto assets, including a clause to formally label them as currencies. According to the text of the bill, crypto assets can be considered to have three different statuses for legal purposes: digital consumer assets, digital securities, and virtual currencies. In addition to the respective classifications of “general intangibles” and securities, the bill also states that “virtual currency is intangible personal property and shall be considered money.”
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https://cryptalker.com/bitcoin-states/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1415797316#7_2899991187
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Title: TOP–10 Bitcoin Friendly States - Cryptalker
Headings: TOP–10 Bitcoin Friendly States
TOP–10 Bitcoin Friendly States
Table of Contents
State Crypto Currency Regulations
Best States for Bitcoin Users
Ohio
Wyoming
New Hampshire
Texas
Tennessee
Washington, D.C.
Best States for Bitcoin Mining
The five least expensive states:
Louisiana
Idaho
Arkansas
Washington
Summary
Christine Rebane
Content: The bill plainly states “that digital assets are property within the Uniform Commercial Code” and goes on to elaborate some of its ramifications. The Wyoming State Senate also passed a bill updating the classification of crypto assets, including a clause to formally label them as currencies. According to the text of the bill, crypto assets can be considered to have three different statuses for legal purposes: digital consumer assets, digital securities, and virtual currencies. In addition to the respective classifications of “general intangibles” and securities, the bill also states that “virtual currency is intangible personal property and shall be considered money.” New Hampshire
Lawmakers in New Hampshire have introduced a bill to legalize tax payments and state fees in Bitcoin and other cryptocurrencies. Due to market volatility and crypto price fluctuations, the bill states that cryptocurrencies received for bill payments are to be converted to US dollars using a third-party payment processor. If passed, state agencies would be able to start accepting cryptocurrencies from July 1, 2020. Texas
Texas Bitcoin, or “virtual currency” regulations have been deemed “friendly” by crypto insiders. The state has issued memorandums indicating that no money transmitter’s license will be needed to sell altcoins in the state.
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https://cryptalker.com/bitcoin-states/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1416188629#14_2900882823
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Title: What Drives Cryptocurrency Prices Up and Down? - Cryptalker
Headings: What Drives Cryptocurrency Prices Up and Down?
What Drives Cryptocurrency Prices Up and Down?
Table of Contents
Volatility Decrease
What affects the price?
Supply/Demand
Regulations
Investors
Media
Energy Usage
Difficulty Level
Drop in Cryptocurrency
What’s Behind the Crash?
Future of Digital Coins
Summary
Alice Lynx
Content: The lack of legal framework in many countries is still a hurdle, as legal precedents for cryptocurrency are still being set. And due to the limited ability to control cryptocurrency on the open internet can mean it can be used against the will of a government even. China has repeatedly cracked down on cryptocurrencies, with a market crash following most announcements. For example, in February this year, China blocked all websites relating to trading in the currencies, prompting an immediate 15pc fall in bitcoin and 20pc drop in Ethereum. Earlier bans of initial coin offerings (ICOs) in the country had a similar negative impact on their value. Future of Digital Coins
Many believe that the biggest hurdle facing cryptocurrencies is their poor fundamentals. None of the digital coins, for instance, has yet proved its fundamental value as a currency that will be readily accepted by a huge population as a medium of exchange. This is in contrast to national currencies such as the U.S. dollar which are widely accepted by people as money. So crypto, in essence, continue to be viewed as a gamble by most. Governments across the world have not been keen on allowing cryptocurrencies to be used as alternative money as they view private currencies as a threat to their sovereignty.
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https://cryptalker.com/up-and-down/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1416306815#2_2901179445
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Title: Why Is Mobdro Not Working Right Now? Offline for Good? - Cryptheory
Headings: Why Is Mobdro Not Working Right Now? Offline for Good?
Why Is Mobdro Not Working Right Now? Offline for Good?
Why Did Mobdro Stop Working? What Caused the App to Shut Down?
Is Mobdro Down for Good? Is There a Way for Mobdro to Come Back Online?
All in All – Is Mobdro Done? Time to Say Goodbye to the App?
Content: What Caused the App to Shut Down? In the past, Mobdro’s developer used to be very open for communication, especially with websites dealing with illegal content streaming. However, this time around, the situation is quite different, as we don’t have any official information regarding why the app no longer works and why Mobdro’s domains are no longer available. The first indication that something unusual is going on happened on February 10, when Mobdro started experiencing server issues. The application and its website started to be unavailable for extended periods of time. However, what many hoped to be just a temporary problem quickly turned into what seems to be Mobdro’s demise. It didn’t take long for reports to start appearing online, creating a connection between Mobdro and India’s Cricket Association. As per those reports, Mobdro got into trouble for broadcasting the Premier League across India without authorization. Not long after, a list of 77 URLs appeared online that Mobdro allegedly offered for download. Those were recently removed by Google, indicating that Mobdro was under heavy attack during the last couple of months.
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https://cryptheory.org/why-is-mobdro-not-working-right-now-offline-for-good/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1425862217#7_2919575632
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Title: Is money laundering possible with cryptocurrency?
Headings: Money Laundering in Cryptocurrency: Is it Truly Possible?
Money Laundering in Cryptocurrency: Is it Truly Possible?
Introduction
Money Laundering Cryptocurrency
Common Money Laundering Practices Using Cryptocurrency
Unregulated exchanges
Decentralized peer-to-peer (P2P) networks
Crypto ATMs and prepaid debit cards
Gambling and gaming sites
Anti-money laundering measures
Conclusion
Content: it is also the riskiest method. While this may be true, legal sites make it difficult for criminals to practice money laundering. However, there are also unregulated websites facilitating money laundering. Anti-money laundering measures
Anti-money laundering initiatives like KYC (Know Your Customer) regulations must prevent the misuse of cryptocurrencies for money laundering. Such measures revolve around centralizing the cryptocurrency while making them less anonymous. Nevertheless, it enhances transparency, discouraging money laundering practices using cryptocurrency. Conclusion
Criminals are looking for novel money laundering practices like using cryptocurrency. Implementing regulated AML measures alongside incorporating KYC norms is thus crucial. Tags
Cryptocurrency News
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https://cryptomoonpress.com/money-laundering-in-cryptocurrency-is-it-truly-possible/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1427700567#11_2923714053
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Title: Can Cryptocurrency Be Banned? - Crypto Skillset
Headings: Can Cryptocurrency Be Banned?
Can Cryptocurrency Be Banned?
Table of Contents
Countries that banned cryptocurrencies completely
Ecuador
Nepal
Bolivia
Morocco
Pakistan
Why cryptocurrencies cannot be stopped
There is nothing and no one to stop
It’s too difficult to track who is using crypto
Why cryptocurrency should not be banned
Conclusion
Like this:
Content: When Facebook made a screwup, Mark Zuckerberg had to testify and apologize in congress. Crypto has no Mark Zuckerberg. So there is literally no one to stop. No leader to arrest. No company, no institution, no data center, no warehouse, no server. It’s a decentralized global network that exists without the need of a central operator. If they arrest a prominent developer, it wouldn’t do a damn thing. Thousands of others can do the same job. The community is also growing and getting stronger every day. It’s too difficult to track who is using crypto
What most governments don’t get when they ban crypto is that it was meant to work despite being banned.
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https://cryptoskillset.com/can-cryptocurrency-be-banned/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1427700567#16_2923721314
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Title: Can Cryptocurrency Be Banned? - Crypto Skillset
Headings: Can Cryptocurrency Be Banned?
Can Cryptocurrency Be Banned?
Table of Contents
Countries that banned cryptocurrencies completely
Ecuador
Nepal
Bolivia
Morocco
Pakistan
Why cryptocurrencies cannot be stopped
There is nothing and no one to stop
It’s too difficult to track who is using crypto
Why cryptocurrency should not be banned
Conclusion
Like this:
Content: In fact, that’s the least important aspect of it. I’m more empathetic towards people building innovative crypto and blockchain technologies, but can’t. Everyone should have the right to make the world a better place. If given the chance, these builders would be able to help their country greatly through the solutions they create out of blockchain and crypto. But no, governments let their fear get the best of them. They only see the threat not the opportunity. So they ban the crypto. But it’s pointless since they can’t stop their citizens anyway. Might as well cash in to this new technology. Conclusion
Governments can never stop cryptocurrencies, try as they might.
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https://cryptoskillset.com/can-cryptocurrency-be-banned/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1436116224#0_2942477896
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Title: The Internet: bringing people together virtually or pushing them away physically
Headings:
Content: The Internet: bringing people together virtually or pushing them away physically
he Internet has the unique ability to connect any user with any other user, according to any quality possible — relationships, beliefs, viewpoints, goals, problems, identity, or interests. For example, using email and chatting software, connecting with family and friends who are far away geographically is cheaper and easier than calling or writing letters. Using a combination of the World Wide Web, chatting software, email, and discussion groups, minority groups that may have been ignored by traditional media have come together online to share information, support each other, and organize events. However, critics of the Internet believe that Internet use, while connecting more people virtually, makes people more isolated socially because the more time they spend online, the less time they spend interacting in real life. They believe that electronic communication is not as in-depth or reliable as communication in person or on the phone. Critics also see a possibility of the Internet breaking people apart into minority groups, as a result of less dependence on mainstream media, a phenomenon known as "balkanization." Critical forecasts of the future of the Internet, for example in the movie The Net, show people whose only friends are online buddies, whose real names are not even known. In these distopian worlds, social relationships are not even based on reality, but on the façades of other online users, whose anonymous interactions can be untruthful and unreliable. These people work from home, so there is no interaction with fellow employees, and their social lives are mingled with their work, which both revolve around the Internet.
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https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs181/projects/personal-lives/debate.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1436116224#1_2942479958
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Title: The Internet: bringing people together virtually or pushing them away physically
Headings:
Content: They believe that electronic communication is not as in-depth or reliable as communication in person or on the phone. Critics also see a possibility of the Internet breaking people apart into minority groups, as a result of less dependence on mainstream media, a phenomenon known as "balkanization." Critical forecasts of the future of the Internet, for example in the movie The Net, show people whose only friends are online buddies, whose real names are not even known. In these distopian worlds, social relationships are not even based on reality, but on the façades of other online users, whose anonymous interactions can be untruthful and unreliable. These people work from home, so there is no interaction with fellow employees, and their social lives are mingled with their work, which both revolve around the Internet. These distopian views are countered by utopian views of a global village, where anyone can reach out to anyone else and geographic barriers are nonexistent, because the Internet allows users to be always connected. The two opposing viewpoints about the Internet have been debated extensively in the past few years, in part because several studies have recently emerged to support the viewpoint that Internet use has a negative effect on personal lives. These studies concluded that, among other things, the more time people spend on the Internet, the less they interact with family and friends physically and over the phone, the smaller their social circles become, and the more they feel depressed. The survey methods have been heavily criticized and several other studies dispute their conclusions. As society rapidly approaches full Internet integration, it is important to consider the consequences of being connected virtually, and whether it is worth the risk of becoming disconnected physically.
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https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs181/projects/personal-lives/debate.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1436122106#5_2942493850
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Title: Political Action on the Internet
Headings: Credibility on the Internet
Ethical Issues
Credibility on the Internet
Content: To satisfy demand and to beat competitors, websites will put up information quickly rather than taking the time to verify its authenticity. Even though this desire to “scoop” competitors exists in traditional news sources, it plays a more important role online because of the dynamic nature of the Internet. Even though plenty of questionable information is out there on the Internet, one would hope that the average user would be able to distinguish the CNN’s from the Drudge Reports. However, a particularly malicious consequence is when a respected journalist unknowingly uses a false online source to write his or her own story. By doing so, the journalist lends his own credibility to the false information and propagates it to the general public. Exactly such a thing happened in 1996 when respected newsman Pierre Salinger was convinced by conspiracy sites into believing that TWA Flight 800 was destroyed by US Navy missiles [Denton 220]. Although the cause was very uncertain at the time, Salinger vehemently backed his story believing that his sources were reliable. Credibility issues have definitely found their way into online politics. Campaigns are more likely to put up more negative and inflammatory ads on the Internet than on traditional news sources. Consider the following advertisement sponsored by the Democratic National Committee criticizing President Bush’s Social Security Plan.
|
https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs201/projects/2004-05/political-action/credibility.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1436153418#6_2942560349
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Title: Communism: Censorship and Freedom of Speech
Headings: Censorship and Freedom of Speech
Censorship and Freedom of Speech
Content: China in Practice
Modern day China, more than almost any other country in the world, severely restricts its citizens freedom of speech and expression. Oddly enough, Article 35 of the current Chinese constitution, written in 1982, stipulates "Citizens of the PRC have freedom of speech, publication, assembly, association, procession and demonstration." Up to the advent of the internet, the Chinese government had been able to successfully curtail this freedom in nearly all its physical manifestations. China has a tightly controlled traditional media, China forces all published information to be from official sources and to be vetted through the state. Ironically, the communist state founded on the backbone of Marx's words stipulates a minimum personal income of $35,000 dollars to be able to publish print media, an income level which could easily be considered bourgeois by Chinese standards. China also has strong restrictions against assembly and worship, demonstrated over the last few days with a crackdown on Tibetan protesters . Many assumed the government's ability to crack down on dissent would be destroyed by the increased prominence of a dynamic and nearly infinite internet space. However, China has adapted it's censorship policies to the internet, and by many standards managed to stay ahead of the curve in restricting free speech in the digital realm. Internet use in China is blossoming. As of 2004 over 94 million users were online and in 2007 the China Internet Network Information Center, considered the premier source for measuring Chinese internet use, pegged the number of Chinese users at 210 million .
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https://cs.stanford.edu/people/eroberts/cs201/projects/communism-computing-china/censorship.html
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1438427706#1_2945646155
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Title: The Debate Over the President and the Executive Branch – Center for the Study of the American Constitution – UW–Madison
Headings: The Debate Over the President and the Executive Branch
The Debate Over the President and the Executive Branch
Blended with other Branches
Commander in Chief
Comparison to Monarchy
Election of Executive
General Criticisms of Executive
General Praise of Executive
Impeachment of Executive
Powers of Executive
Term of Executive
Content: No restrictions were placed on the President’s eligibility for reelection. During the ratification debates, Antifederalists charged that the President would become an elected monarch, that cabals would develop to ensure his reelection, and that the presidential veto power would be abused. They further feared that presidential power to grant pardons would allow the president to conspire with others in treasonable activities with impunity. Federalist praised the Presidency. They pointed to the weaknesses of the Confederation and state governments with their nearly powerless executives. For Federalists, America needed a separate President with executive powers to enforce federal laws and conduct foreign policy effectively. Federalists contrasted the American Presidency with the British Monarchy. They argued that the former had limited power, checked by the two other branches whereas the latter had almost unlimited power. Federalists maintained that the President would be accountable to both the people and Congress. If he failed to satisfy the people, he would not be reelected;
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https://csac.history.wisc.edu/document-collections/constitutional-debates/executive-branch/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1448611956#2_2964751613
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Title: Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics? | Center for Science in the Public Interest
Headings: Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics?
Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics?
There’s something else that has better evidence.
What’s in yogurt.
The one study came up empty.
What else to take?
Topic:
Content: The Answer: No. What’s in yogurt. Yogurt is made by adding two bacteria ( Lactobacillus bulgaricus and Streptococcus thermophilus) to milk. The bacteria break down the milk’s sugar (lactose) into lactic acid, which makes the yogurt more digestible for those with lactose intolerance and gives yogurt its tart flavor. Many people, including doctors, believe that these bacteria also can replenish your gut with healthy bacteria after you take antibiotics. That would make them probiotics. But the evidence suggests otherwise. To be a probiotic and change the balance of microorganisms in the large intestine, bacteria first have to survive the strong acid of the stomach and then the disruptive bile salts of the small intestine in order to reach the large intestine intact. Most bacteria don’t make it through this gauntlet.
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https://cspinet.org/tip/heard-advice-eat-yogurt-when-taking-antibiotics
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1448611956#3_2964753022
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Title: Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics? | Center for Science in the Public Interest
Headings: Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics?
Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics?
There’s something else that has better evidence.
What’s in yogurt.
The one study came up empty.
What else to take?
Topic:
Content: Many people, including doctors, believe that these bacteria also can replenish your gut with healthy bacteria after you take antibiotics. That would make them probiotics. But the evidence suggests otherwise. To be a probiotic and change the balance of microorganisms in the large intestine, bacteria first have to survive the strong acid of the stomach and then the disruptive bile salts of the small intestine in order to reach the large intestine intact. Most bacteria don’t make it through this gauntlet. Unfortunately, that includes the two yogurt bacteria. “ They don’t survive passage through the GI tract, which is essential if they’re going to have a probiotic effect in the large intestine,” says Mary Ellen Sanders, of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. The one study came up empty. In the only study to look at commercial yogurt in generally healthy people, researchers in the UK gave 118 children and adults strawberry yogurt that contained 1 billion of the yogurt bacteria every day during the week they took an antibiotic and for five days after. Another 120 got just the antibiotic.
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https://cspinet.org/tip/heard-advice-eat-yogurt-when-taking-antibiotics
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1448611956#4_2964754752
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Title: Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics? | Center for Science in the Public Interest
Headings: Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics?
Heard the advice to eat yogurt when taking antibiotics?
There’s something else that has better evidence.
What’s in yogurt.
The one study came up empty.
What else to take?
Topic:
Content: Unfortunately, that includes the two yogurt bacteria. “ They don’t survive passage through the GI tract, which is essential if they’re going to have a probiotic effect in the large intestine,” says Mary Ellen Sanders, of the International Scientific Association for Probiotics and Prebiotics. The one study came up empty. In the only study to look at commercial yogurt in generally healthy people, researchers in the UK gave 118 children and adults strawberry yogurt that contained 1 billion of the yogurt bacteria every day during the week they took an antibiotic and for five days after. Another 120 got just the antibiotic. The results: “ Eating yogurt while taking antibiotics did not prevent antibiotic-associated diarrhea,” the researchers found. No surprise. However, among those aged 60 and older, yogurt eaters reported less flatulence and abdominal pain than those who got just the antibiotic. Of course, it’s possible that the yogurt eaters felt better because they expected the yogurt to help.
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https://cspinet.org/tip/heard-advice-eat-yogurt-when-taking-antibiotics
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1455472837#5_2975149362
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Title: Sexual Assault Hotline and Support Services | CSSNV
Headings:
We are here to help all sexual assault survivors—whether the attack took place today or 30 years ago. You can call our sexual assault hotline 24 hours a day, seven days a week, 365 days a year for immediate assistance. Our sexual assault advocates offer free, confidential support to survivors of sexual assault throughout Northern Nevada and Eastern California communities.
Sexual Assault Hotline
Sexual Assault Text Line
Are you a student?
What Should I Do If I Was Sexually Assaulted?
If you are a victim of sexual assault, consider doing the following:
Important Phone Numbers
What is Sexual Assault?
Sexual assault is any unwanted, forced or coerced sexual activity. It includes inappropriate sexual contact or fondling, acquaintance rape, date rape, stranger rape, child sexual abuse and incest.
Sexual assault is not about sex. It is a crime of violence where sex is used as a weapon, motivated by the desire to have power and control over the victim. Sexual assault violates not only a person’s body but also their sense of safety and control over their life.
How Do I Report a Sexual Assault?
Important Phone Numbers
If you are assaulted and you are considering filing a police report, please try to follow these guidelines to preserve evidence:
What is Sexual Assault Support Services?
Sexual assault prevention starts with education.
Content: Sexual assault is any unwanted, forced or coerced sexual activity. It includes inappropriate sexual contact or fondling, acquaintance rape, date rape, stranger rape, child sexual abuse and incest. Sexual assault is not about sex. It is a crime of violence where sex is used as a weapon, motivated by the desire to have power and control over the victim. Sexual assault violates not only a person’s body but also their sense of safety and control over their life. How Do I Report a Sexual Assault? Reporting the sexual assault to law enforcement is the survivor’s choice. We encourage sexual assault survivors to report the crime; however, a victim’s decision should always be respected and supported, whether or not they choose to file a police report. Our SASS advocates are available to help you through the legal process of reporting a sexual assault.
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https://cssnv.org/sexual-assault/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1455521009#8_2975296501
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Title: How did World War II Lead to Decolonization | CSSParho.com
Headings: How did World War II Lead to Decolonization?
How did World War II Lead to Decolonization?
Define Decolonization
Factors Led to Decolonization
Decline of European Power
Emergence of Nationalism
Creation of UNO
Structure of the International System
Socio-Economic Change in Colonies
Cold War
Role of Third World Leaders
Impact of Decolonization on World Affairs
Cancel reply
Content: So, giving rise not only to nationalism but also to a tangible ability to engage in political expression. Just as political, military, economic and cultural factors gave rise to imperialism, so too did the changes in these various dimensions of social life led eventually to decolonization. Cold War
The beginning of the Cold War after World War II facilitated the process of decolonization. Most of the nationalistic movements in colonies were support by both the superpowers. The Soviet Union particularly launched propaganda against imperialism and extended material support to the struggle for independence. It became difficult for the Western Powers to make the rhetoric of democracy and human rights on the one hand and to continue the policy of colonialism on the other hand. The United States, the leader of the Western Powers realized that continuation of colonialism might increase the influence of USSR and the spread of communism in those areas. Thus, both the superpowers supported the decolonization process though from different angles and for different reasons. Role of Third World Leaders
The era of 1950s saw some great leaders among third world countries. They include Nehru of India, Jamal Nasir of Egypt, Sukarno of Indonesia, Tito of Yugoslavia etc.
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https://cssparho.com/2021/02/05/how-did-world-war-ii-lead-to-decolonization/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1455521009#15_2975307824
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Title: How did World War II Lead to Decolonization | CSSParho.com
Headings: How did World War II Lead to Decolonization?
How did World War II Lead to Decolonization?
Define Decolonization
Factors Led to Decolonization
Decline of European Power
Emergence of Nationalism
Creation of UNO
Structure of the International System
Socio-Economic Change in Colonies
Cold War
Role of Third World Leaders
Impact of Decolonization on World Affairs
Cancel reply
Content: Most of the newly independent country adopted the neutral foreign policy in international relations. They formed non-alignment movement which always criticized political tension of cold war. These countries also demanded nuclear disarmament and arms control and worked hard to mould world opinion in favour of peace, harmony and cordial relations. 5. The decolonization enhanced the role of UNO. The newly independent countries have been able to play a prominent role in UNO. Before this, the UN was dominated by USA and USSR and there was a frequent stalemate on international issues. However, after decolonization, these countries began to exert influence in UNO. These countries supported UNO in solving world political and economic issues and social problems. With the expansion in UNO membership, the superpowers face difficulties to use this organization for their pretty and selfish interests.
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https://cssparho.com/2021/02/05/how-did-world-war-ii-lead-to-decolonization/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1458083290#8_2980317101
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Title: The ‘storm and stress’ of adolescence and young adulthood - Counseling Today
Headings: The ‘storm and stress’ of adolescence and young adulthood
Counseling Today, Cover Stories
The ‘storm and stress’ of adolescence and young adulthood
Stressed and depressed
Under pressure
Information overload?
Adult transitions
Additional resources
Content: At this point in time, we may be caught in a reinforcing loop. The study found that current generations not only feel intense societal pressure to be perfect but also expect perfection from themselves and others. The study’s authors also believe that this rise in perfectionism may be linked to an increase in myriad psychological problems. Today’s teenagers and young adults are unquestionably subject to high expectations and demands. Licensed mental health counselor David Flack, who has worked with adolescents and young adults for 20 years, says he has seen a significant increase in anxiety related to academic performance among his clients. “It is not uncommon for teens I meet with to have three, four or even more hours of homework most days,” he says. This reality creates significant pressure and is particularly stressful for students who are predisposed to anxiety. Flack, a member of the American Counseling Association, also believes that such heavy academic workloads are interfering with important social and developmental processes because many teenagers may be spending more time doing homework than socializing and engaging in extracurricular or other age-appropriate activities. Licensed professional counselor (LPC) Sean Roberts, an ACA member who specializes in working with young adults, says he has witnessed a precipitous increase in anxiety among clients. He thinks this is strongly, though not solely, linked to teenagers and young adults feeling increased pressure to succeed.
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https://ct.counseling.org/2018/10/the-storm-and-stress-of-adolescence-and-young-adulthood/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1458417879#5_2980733690
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Title: Exploring class privilege in counselor education - Counseling Today
Headings: Exploring class privilege in counselor education
Counseling Today, Knowledge Share
Exploring class privilege in counselor education
Understanding class privilege and classism
Class privilege in counselor education systems
Class privilege based on economic capital
The unique problem of unpaid internships
Class privilege based on cultural capital
Class privilege based on social capital
Getting to know our students and addressing class privilege
Final thoughts
****
****
****
Content: Both the ACA Code of Ethics and the Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies developed by the Association for Multicultural Counseling and Development highlight the need for counselors to be aware of issues of privilege and oppression based on membership in various groups. Counselors are also called to understand how such issues affect the worldviews and concerns of the people they serve, and to work to reduce disparities that are based on privilege. As counselor educators and students in counseling training programs, we have observed that conversations about privilege and oppression are common in training but that they generally occur in two ways. First, the conversations typically use a lens that looks outward into societal structures while neglecting to use a lens that looks inward and focuses on how our own educational and professional structures create disparities. Second, such conversations most frequently center on advantages given to a person on the basis of sex, race, gender identity, ethnicity, sexual orientation, religion or age, while ignoring socioeconomic class. The lack of recognition of class privilege is also reflected in our research. Although a large body of research on privilege based on other criteria exists, there is very little research related to privilege based on class. However, our collective experience leads us to believe that class privilege is embedded in our counseling training programs in ways that create real barriers for entry into the counseling profession for all but the most economically privileged. This strikes us as a significant oversight in the conversation on privilege in general and a crucial issue to address if we are to live up to our ideals as a profession. Understanding class privilege and classism
Class privilege is generally defined as the tangible or intangible unearned advantages enjoyed by someone of higher class status.
|
https://ct.counseling.org/2021/02/exploring-class-privilege-in-counselor-education/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460683114#5_2983391767
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Title: Chapter 34. Media Advocacy | Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using TV, newspaper, and radio stories?
Providing newsworthy stories
How do I present my story idea?
Choosing good media opportunities
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message?
Providing "newsworthy" stories
Choosing good media opportunities
Some guidelines for contacting the media
Do not call a reporter to pitch a story idea unless you are ready to provide everything she needs to write the story
Target reporters who will be interested in your news
Recognize that you will be interrupting someone who is busy working
Become a “go to” organization for the media
Continue to work to maintain your relationships and credibility with the media, and continue to pitch stories to them
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: Placing news stories can be the cheapest and most effective means of getting your message to the public, and, through them, to policy makers and funders. This section provides some guidelines both for recognizing or creating news stories related to your work that appeal to the media and the public, and for persuading the media to publish or broadcast those stories. What is a news story? A news story is a written or recorded (or, occasionally, live) article or interview that informs the public about current events, concerns, or ideas. You don't usually write the story – though sometimes local media will use exactly what words you give them – but you provide story ideas to journalists who then flesh out your idea to create the story as it appears. A news story can be: Long or short, depending on its newsworthiness (we’ll discuss this more later) or interest to people who watch TV, listen to the radio, or read the paper. Written, recorded, live, or taped, depending on the medium you use and the timeliness of the story
Hard - full of important facts and news items, or soft - focusing on the personal, more human side of a news event or situation. An example of a hard news story is an article on the alarming rise of HIV cases in heterosexual women. A soft news, or feature, article would be a story about a man in a wheelchair overcoming architectural barriers in town as he moves through his day.
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/media-advocacy/news-stories-media-wants/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460683114#6_2983394518
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Title: Chapter 34. Media Advocacy | Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using TV, newspaper, and radio stories?
Providing newsworthy stories
How do I present my story idea?
Choosing good media opportunities
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message?
Providing "newsworthy" stories
Choosing good media opportunities
Some guidelines for contacting the media
Do not call a reporter to pitch a story idea unless you are ready to provide everything she needs to write the story
Target reporters who will be interested in your news
Recognize that you will be interrupting someone who is busy working
Become a “go to” organization for the media
Continue to work to maintain your relationships and credibility with the media, and continue to pitch stories to them
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: A news story can be: Long or short, depending on its newsworthiness (we’ll discuss this more later) or interest to people who watch TV, listen to the radio, or read the paper. Written, recorded, live, or taped, depending on the medium you use and the timeliness of the story
Hard - full of important facts and news items, or soft - focusing on the personal, more human side of a news event or situation. An example of a hard news story is an article on the alarming rise of HIV cases in heterosexual women. A soft news, or feature, article would be a story about a man in a wheelchair overcoming architectural barriers in town as he moves through his day. What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message? They can provide cheap, immediate coverage of your issues
They can connect you with the largest and most diverse audiences
They give you the possibility of continuous, in-depth coverage of your issues as long as you provide stories that sell
News stories add credibility to your work, since they’re much more widely believed than advertising
They offer a wide variety of strategies to communicate your message
They can provide a fairly comprehensive explanation of your issue or description of your organization and your work
They’re free publicity
Providing "newsworthy" stories
The fact is, most of today's public health and community development concerns have been around for a long time. Though your issues are important, they may not seem "newsy". One challenge that media advocates face is to promote issues from new angles so that journalists consider them fresh, current, and surprising - in other words newsworthy. If you're trying to create newsworthy stories (i.e., stories that are current, interesting to readers, or will impact readers' lives), you've got to make your issues seem fresh and unique.
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/media-advocacy/news-stories-media-wants/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460683114#7_2983397734
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Title: Chapter 34. Media Advocacy | Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using TV, newspaper, and radio stories?
Providing newsworthy stories
How do I present my story idea?
Choosing good media opportunities
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message?
Providing "newsworthy" stories
Choosing good media opportunities
Some guidelines for contacting the media
Do not call a reporter to pitch a story idea unless you are ready to provide everything she needs to write the story
Target reporters who will be interested in your news
Recognize that you will be interrupting someone who is busy working
Become a “go to” organization for the media
Continue to work to maintain your relationships and credibility with the media, and continue to pitch stories to them
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message? They can provide cheap, immediate coverage of your issues
They can connect you with the largest and most diverse audiences
They give you the possibility of continuous, in-depth coverage of your issues as long as you provide stories that sell
News stories add credibility to your work, since they’re much more widely believed than advertising
They offer a wide variety of strategies to communicate your message
They can provide a fairly comprehensive explanation of your issue or description of your organization and your work
They’re free publicity
Providing "newsworthy" stories
The fact is, most of today's public health and community development concerns have been around for a long time. Though your issues are important, they may not seem "newsy". One challenge that media advocates face is to promote issues from new angles so that journalists consider them fresh, current, and surprising - in other words newsworthy. If you're trying to create newsworthy stories (i.e., stories that are current, interesting to readers, or will impact readers' lives), you've got to make your issues seem fresh and unique. Wallack, Dorfman, Jerniagan, and Themba (see Resources) suggest ten kinds of news "angles", or approaches, to a news event that catch a journalist's eye: An anniversary story: Can this story be associated with a local, national, or topical or historical event? A good example of this would be marking the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with a story of how nuclear waste has affected the ground water in Alamogordo, New Mexico, where the United States government tested its first atomic bomb. The anniversary in question might be one connected to your organization as well.
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/media-advocacy/news-stories-media-wants/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460683114#8_2983400897
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Title: Chapter 34. Media Advocacy | Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using TV, newspaper, and radio stories?
Providing newsworthy stories
How do I present my story idea?
Choosing good media opportunities
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message?
Providing "newsworthy" stories
Choosing good media opportunities
Some guidelines for contacting the media
Do not call a reporter to pitch a story idea unless you are ready to provide everything she needs to write the story
Target reporters who will be interested in your news
Recognize that you will be interrupting someone who is busy working
Become a “go to” organization for the media
Continue to work to maintain your relationships and credibility with the media, and continue to pitch stories to them
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: Wallack, Dorfman, Jerniagan, and Themba (see Resources) suggest ten kinds of news "angles", or approaches, to a news event that catch a journalist's eye: An anniversary story: Can this story be associated with a local, national, or topical or historical event? A good example of this would be marking the 50th anniversary of the atomic bombing of Hiroshima and Nagasaki with a story of how nuclear waste has affected the ground water in Alamogordo, New Mexico, where the United States government tested its first atomic bomb. The anniversary in question might be one connected to your organization as well. It’s an important milestone when a community-based organization survives for five or ten years, or even more. A breakthrough: What is new or different about this story? One example would be a story on the isolation of a dangerous virus or a new treatment for a disease or birth defect. A celebrity-supported story or event:
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/media-advocacy/news-stories-media-wants/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460683114#11_2983407223
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Title: Chapter 34. Media Advocacy | Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using TV, newspaper, and radio stories?
Providing newsworthy stories
How do I present my story idea?
Choosing good media opportunities
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message?
Providing "newsworthy" stories
Choosing good media opportunities
Some guidelines for contacting the media
Do not call a reporter to pitch a story idea unless you are ready to provide everything she needs to write the story
Target reporters who will be interested in your news
Recognize that you will be interrupting someone who is busy working
Become a “go to” organization for the media
Continue to work to maintain your relationships and credibility with the media, and continue to pitch stories to them
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: An uncovered injustice: Are there basic inequalities or unfair circumstances to be reported? For example, why can't minority populations often get the same kinds of housing loans as middle class white people? An ironic account: What is ironic, unusual, or inconsistent about this story? For example, how can alcohol manufacturers support a "Don't drink and drive" campaign, yet refuse to change their advertisements that encourage people to drink alcoholic beverages? A local interest: Why is this story important or meaningful to local residents? An example would be a story on drug dealing that goes on in a housing project but remains poorly investigated by police. A milestone:
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/media-advocacy/news-stories-media-wants/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460683114#12_2983409231
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Title: Chapter 34. Media Advocacy | Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using TV, newspaper, and radio stories?
Providing newsworthy stories
How do I present my story idea?
Choosing good media opportunities
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message?
Providing "newsworthy" stories
Choosing good media opportunities
Some guidelines for contacting the media
Do not call a reporter to pitch a story idea unless you are ready to provide everything she needs to write the story
Target reporters who will be interested in your news
Recognize that you will be interrupting someone who is busy working
Become a “go to” organization for the media
Continue to work to maintain your relationships and credibility with the media, and continue to pitch stories to them
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: For example, how can alcohol manufacturers support a "Don't drink and drive" campaign, yet refuse to change their advertisements that encourage people to drink alcoholic beverages? A local interest: Why is this story important or meaningful to local residents? An example would be a story on drug dealing that goes on in a housing project but remains poorly investigated by police. A milestone: Is this story an important historical event? Perhaps you can provide a story on a city's first collaboration between the university, community, and local residents. A local milestone could be specific to an organization. A high school equivalency graduation, the completion of a job training course, the successful finish of an initiative, the awarding of a major grant or contract – any of these could be the occasion of a news story of local interest. A human interest story:
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/media-advocacy/news-stories-media-wants/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460683114#13_2983411435
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Title: Chapter 34. Media Advocacy | Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
Section 3. Creating News Stories the Media Wants
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using TV, newspaper, and radio stories?
Providing newsworthy stories
How do I present my story idea?
Choosing good media opportunities
What is a news story?
What are the benefits of using television, newspaper, and radio stories to spread your message?
Providing "newsworthy" stories
Choosing good media opportunities
Some guidelines for contacting the media
Do not call a reporter to pitch a story idea unless you are ready to provide everything she needs to write the story
Target reporters who will be interested in your news
Recognize that you will be interrupting someone who is busy working
Become a “go to” organization for the media
Continue to work to maintain your relationships and credibility with the media, and continue to pitch stories to them
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: Is this story an important historical event? Perhaps you can provide a story on a city's first collaboration between the university, community, and local residents. A local milestone could be specific to an organization. A high school equivalency graduation, the completion of a job training course, the successful finish of an initiative, the awarding of a major grant or contract – any of these could be the occasion of a news story of local interest. A human interest story: This kind of story usually focuses on an individual or a family or group that has a story to tell that’s relevant to an issue of interest. It might feature one or more members of that high school equivalency graduation class, detailing the struggles they’ve gone through to get to this point, and their hopes for the future. It could tell about a medical advance through the experience of an individual with a condition that is now treatable for the first time. A seasonal story: Can this story idea be attached to a holiday or seasonal event?
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/advocacy/media-advocacy/news-stories-media-wants/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460759202#3_2983518046
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Title: Chapter 17. Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions | Section 2. Thinking Critically | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 2. Thinking Critically
Section 2. Thinking Critically
What is critical thinking?
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
What is critical thinking?
Elements of critical thinking
Goals of critical thinking
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
How to be a critical thinking facilitator
How to encourage the critical stance
Facilitating problem solving using critical thinking
In Summary
Contributor
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: Your contribution can help change lives. Donate now. Sixteen training modules
for teaching core skills. Learn more. Main Section
Checklist
Tools
PowerPoint
Learn the process of examining, analyzing, questioning, and challenging situations, issues, and information of all kinds. What is critical thinking? Why is critical thinking important? Who can (and should) learn to think critically? How do you help people learn to think critically? Suppose an elected official makes a speech in which he says, "The government doesn't need to be involved in cleaning up pollution from manufacturing.
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions/think-critically/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460759202#4_2983519670
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Title: Chapter 17. Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions | Section 2. Thinking Critically | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 2. Thinking Critically
Section 2. Thinking Critically
What is critical thinking?
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
What is critical thinking?
Elements of critical thinking
Goals of critical thinking
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
How to be a critical thinking facilitator
How to encourage the critical stance
Facilitating problem solving using critical thinking
In Summary
Contributor
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: What is critical thinking? Why is critical thinking important? Who can (and should) learn to think critically? How do you help people learn to think critically? Suppose an elected official makes a speech in which he says, "The government doesn't need to be involved in cleaning up pollution from manufacturing. Business can take care of this more efficiently." What's your reaction? There are a lot of questions you can be asking here, some of which you may already know the answers to. First, what are the assumptions behind this person's statement? How does he view the job of government, for instance?
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions/think-critically/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460759202#9_2983528064
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Title: Chapter 17. Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions | Section 2. Thinking Critically | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 2. Thinking Critically
Section 2. Thinking Critically
What is critical thinking?
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
What is critical thinking?
Elements of critical thinking
Goals of critical thinking
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
How to be a critical thinking facilitator
How to encourage the critical stance
Facilitating problem solving using critical thinking
In Summary
Contributor
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: What effect did it have? Perhaps even more important, who will benefit if these ideas are accepted? Who will lose? What will the result be if things are changed in the direction this politician suggests? Are those results good for the country? If you ask the kinds of questions suggested here when you see new information, or consider a situation or a problem or an issue, you're using critical thinking. Critical thinking is tremendously important in health, human service, and community work because it allows you to understand the actual issues involved, and to come up with an approach that is likely to address them effectively. What is critical thinking? There are many definitions of critical thinking. Some see it as a particular way of handling information.
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions/think-critically/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460759202#10_2983529861
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Title: Chapter 17. Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions | Section 2. Thinking Critically | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 2. Thinking Critically
Section 2. Thinking Critically
What is critical thinking?
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
What is critical thinking?
Elements of critical thinking
Goals of critical thinking
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
How to be a critical thinking facilitator
How to encourage the critical stance
Facilitating problem solving using critical thinking
In Summary
Contributor
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: If you ask the kinds of questions suggested here when you see new information, or consider a situation or a problem or an issue, you're using critical thinking. Critical thinking is tremendously important in health, human service, and community work because it allows you to understand the actual issues involved, and to come up with an approach that is likely to address them effectively. What is critical thinking? There are many definitions of critical thinking. Some see it as a particular way of handling information. Others look at it as a specific set of skills and abilities. People interested in political and social change see it as challenging and providing alternatives to the generally accepted beliefs and values of the power structure. They're all right to an extent: critical thinking is all of these things, and more. Critical thinking is the process of examining, analyzing, questioning, and challenging situations, issues, and information of all kinds.
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions/think-critically/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460759202#11_2983531864
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Title: Chapter 17. Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions | Section 2. Thinking Critically | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 2. Thinking Critically
Section 2. Thinking Critically
What is critical thinking?
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
What is critical thinking?
Elements of critical thinking
Goals of critical thinking
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
How to be a critical thinking facilitator
How to encourage the critical stance
Facilitating problem solving using critical thinking
In Summary
Contributor
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: Others look at it as a specific set of skills and abilities. People interested in political and social change see it as challenging and providing alternatives to the generally accepted beliefs and values of the power structure. They're all right to an extent: critical thinking is all of these things, and more. Critical thinking is the process of examining, analyzing, questioning, and challenging situations, issues, and information of all kinds. We use it when we raise questions about: Survey results
Theories
Personal comments
Media stories
Our own personal relationships
History
Scientific research
Political statements
And (especially) conventional wisdom, general assumptions, and the pronouncements of authority
Critical thinking is an important tool in solving community problems and in developing interventions or initiatives in health, human services, and community development. Elements of critical thinking
There are a number of ways to look at the process of critical thinking. Brookfield presents several, with this one being perhaps the simplest. Problem/goal identification:
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions/think-critically/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460759202#19_2983546942
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Title: Chapter 17. Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions | Section 2. Thinking Critically | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 2. Thinking Critically
Section 2. Thinking Critically
What is critical thinking?
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
What is critical thinking?
Elements of critical thinking
Goals of critical thinking
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
How to be a critical thinking facilitator
How to encourage the critical stance
Facilitating problem solving using critical thinking
In Summary
Contributor
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: In health, human service, and community work, the main goal of thinking critically is almost always to settle on an action that will have some desired effect. Critical examination of the situation and the available information could lead to anything from further study to organizing a strike, but it should lead to something. Once you've applied critical thinking to an issue, so that you understand what's likely to work, you have to take action to change the situation. Why is critical thinking important? Without thinking critically, you're only looking at the surface of things. When you come across a politician's statement in the media, do you accept it at face value? Do you accept some people's statements and not others'? The chances are you exercise at least some judgment, based on what you know about the particular person, and whether you generally agree with her or not. Knowing whether or not you agree with someone is not necessarily the same as critical thinking, however. Your reaction may be based on emotion ("I hate that guy!"),
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions/think-critically/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460759202#20_2983549025
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Title: Chapter 17. Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions | Section 2. Thinking Critically | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 2. Thinking Critically
Section 2. Thinking Critically
What is critical thinking?
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
What is critical thinking?
Elements of critical thinking
Goals of critical thinking
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
How to be a critical thinking facilitator
How to encourage the critical stance
Facilitating problem solving using critical thinking
In Summary
Contributor
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: When you come across a politician's statement in the media, do you accept it at face value? Do you accept some people's statements and not others'? The chances are you exercise at least some judgment, based on what you know about the particular person, and whether you generally agree with her or not. Knowing whether or not you agree with someone is not necessarily the same as critical thinking, however. Your reaction may be based on emotion ("I hate that guy!"), or on the fact that this elected official supports programs that are in your interest, even though they may not be in the best interests of everyone else. What's important about critical thinking is that it helps you to sort out what's accurate and what's not, and to give you a solid, factual base for solving problems or addressing issues. Specific reasons for the importance of critical thinking: It identifies bias. Critical thinking identifies both the bias in what it looks at (its object), and the biases you yourself bring to it.
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https://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of-contents/analyze/analyze-community-problems-and-solutions/think-critically/main
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1460759202#21_2983551063
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Title: Chapter 17. Analyzing Community Problems and Solutions | Section 2. Thinking Critically | Main Section | Community Tool Box
Headings: Section 2. Thinking Critically
Section 2. Thinking Critically
What is critical thinking?
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
What is critical thinking?
Elements of critical thinking
Goals of critical thinking
Why is critical thinking important?
Who can (and should) learn to think critically?
How do you help people learn to think critically?
How to be a critical thinking facilitator
How to encourage the critical stance
Facilitating problem solving using critical thinking
In Summary
Contributor
Online Resources
Print Resources
Content: or on the fact that this elected official supports programs that are in your interest, even though they may not be in the best interests of everyone else. What's important about critical thinking is that it helps you to sort out what's accurate and what's not, and to give you a solid, factual base for solving problems or addressing issues. Specific reasons for the importance of critical thinking: It identifies bias. Critical thinking identifies both the bias in what it looks at (its object), and the biases you yourself bring to it. If you can address these honestly, and adjust your thinking accordingly, you'll be able to see the object in light of the way it's slanted, and to understand your own biases in your reaction to it. A bias is not necessarily bad: it is simply a preferred way of looking at things. You can be racially biased, but you can also be biased toward looking at all humans as one family. You can be biased toward a liberal or conservative political point of view, or toward or against tolerance.
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1464990450#6_2989037279
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Title: What is Trafficking in Persons?
Headings: Trafficking in Persons 101
Trafficking in Persons 101
What is Trafficking in Persons?
The term child soldier is defined in the Child Soldiers Prevention Act of 2008 as:
How Trafficking in Persons Occurs
Force, Fraud, and Coercion
Force:
Fraud:
Physical Coercion
Psychological Coercion:
Where are victims of human trafficking found?
Victims of sex trafficking can be found anywhere, but are often found in:
In the DoD, labor trafficking has occurred in contracts that cover labor intensive industries such as:
Who are the Victims?
Victims can be:
Who are the traffickers?
Traffickers can be:
Vulnerabilities Associated with TIP
Vulnerabilities associated with trafficking victims include:
Indicators of TIP
Physical/Environmental Indicators:
Psychological/Behavioral Indicators:
What can I do?
Some methods for combating trafficking in persons are things you can do:
Where can I report TIP incidents?
Click here for PDF version
Content: Victims of sex trafficking can be found anywhere, but are often found in: Bars and Brothels
Dance clubs and strip clubs
Massage parlors and spas
Escort services
Private parties
Pornography industry
On the Internet
In the DoD, labor trafficking has occurred in contracts that cover labor intensive industries such as: Food services
Janitorial and disposal services
Truck and driver services
Security guards
Construction work
Who are the Victims? Victims can be: Any gender, age, race, nationality, social status, economic background,
or immigration status
Female or male
Adult or child
Foreign national or U.S. citizen
Homeless youth
Undocumented migrants
People displaced by civil conflicts and natural disasters
Service members, DoD civilians, DoD contractor employees, and DoD family
members
Who are the traffickers? Traffickers can be: Members of organized crime groups
Terrorist organizations
Gangs and warlords
Foreign national or U.S. citizen
Male or female
Pimps
Business owners
Family members
Service members, DoD civilians, DoD contractors, and DoD family
members
Vulnerabilities Associated with TIP
Traffickers prey on victims with little or no social safety net. They look to exploit victims for cheap labor by preying on individuals in vulnerable situations due to economic hardship, illegal immigration status, political instability, natural disasters, and other causes. Traffickers also exploit people who are vulnerable because of their age. It is important to note that legal migrants can also be vulnerable to trafficking.
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https://ctip.defense.gov/What-is-TIP/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1465366823#4_2989639498
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Title: Kinesthetic Learning in an Online Learning Environment - Center for Teaching and Learning | Wiley Education Services
Headings: Kinesthetic Learning in an Online Learning Environment
Kinesthetic Learning in an Online Learning Environment
Course Design Principles for Kinesthetic Learners
Make course materials as immersive as possible.
Incorporate interactive elements in course materials.
Create assignments that have real-life connections.
Use video creation assignments.
Keep lectures short and novel.
Send students on virtual field trips.
Course Facilitation Principles for Kinesthetic Learners
Challenge students to incorporate simple tactile exercises into their studying.
Remind students to take a break and walk around.
Help students visualize complex processes.
Encourage exploration and experimentation.
Conclusion
References
Content: However, advancements in technology open up the possibility for content that can engage all the senses like never before. For example, you could use interactive flash animation, tablet-based activities, interactive presentations, virtual reality environments, and simulations to create immersive experiences for online students (Pappas, 2016; Wood & Sereni-Massinger, 2016). It’s important to note, however, that these options might not be ADA compliant. Just as it’s important to meet the needs of kinesthetic learners, it’s also important to provide options for students who might not be able to use these types of activities. Even simple enhancements to lectures such as including pictures or sound effects can help remind kinesthetic learners of the real-life situations that the material is related to and can thus increase retention (Pappas, 2016). Incorporate interactive elements in course materials. Even if you don’t have the time or resources to create highly immersive materials, you can still introduce tactile elements into your course through simple learning management system tools such as drag-and-drop activities and flash cards (Kato, 2017). According to Pappas (2016), “the mere act of clicking on an object and moving it to a target can make online learners feel more connected and improve knowledge retention.” Along the same lines, mind-mapping activities and assignments give students the opportunity to lay out images and make connections in a more tactile way.
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https://ctl.wiley.com/kinesthetic-learning-online-learning-environment/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1465366823#5_2989642075
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Title: Kinesthetic Learning in an Online Learning Environment - Center for Teaching and Learning | Wiley Education Services
Headings: Kinesthetic Learning in an Online Learning Environment
Kinesthetic Learning in an Online Learning Environment
Course Design Principles for Kinesthetic Learners
Make course materials as immersive as possible.
Incorporate interactive elements in course materials.
Create assignments that have real-life connections.
Use video creation assignments.
Keep lectures short and novel.
Send students on virtual field trips.
Course Facilitation Principles for Kinesthetic Learners
Challenge students to incorporate simple tactile exercises into their studying.
Remind students to take a break and walk around.
Help students visualize complex processes.
Encourage exploration and experimentation.
Conclusion
References
Content: Even simple enhancements to lectures such as including pictures or sound effects can help remind kinesthetic learners of the real-life situations that the material is related to and can thus increase retention (Pappas, 2016). Incorporate interactive elements in course materials. Even if you don’t have the time or resources to create highly immersive materials, you can still introduce tactile elements into your course through simple learning management system tools such as drag-and-drop activities and flash cards (Kato, 2017). According to Pappas (2016), “the mere act of clicking on an object and moving it to a target can make online learners feel more connected and improve knowledge retention.” Along the same lines, mind-mapping activities and assignments give students the opportunity to lay out images and make connections in a more tactile way. Create assignments that have real-life connections. Kinesthetic learners benefit from material that they can connect to emotionally and that helps them visualize the real-life applications of abstract concepts. Thus, it’s helpful to replicate real-life experiences through role-playing activities and case studies (Wood & Sereni-Massinger, 2016). Branching scenarios can also help introduce real-world applications and simulate higher stakes that will engage kinesthetic learners (Pappas, 2016). These scenarios give students opportunities not only to participate tactilely, but also to see outcomes and receive feedback in a more immersive way than a typical activity or quiz.
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https://ctl.wiley.com/kinesthetic-learning-online-learning-environment/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1465808404#6_2990556741
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Title: Lamont: Extending $600-a-week federal jobless benefit may 'discourage work'
Headings: Lamont: Extending $600-a-week federal jobless benefit may ‘discourage work’
Lamont: Extending $600-a-week federal jobless benefit may ‘discourage work’
Free to Read. Not Free to Produce.
SEE WHAT READERS SAID
Artwork Shea
Content: A historically high number of Americans, especially blacks and Latinos, are missing their housing payments and eviction protections put in place at the beginning of COVID-19′s spread in the United States are beginning to expire. Housing advocates expect a housing “apocalypse” when more than 30 million unemployed Americans lose the extra $600 a week in unemployment benefits. Columbia University researchers estimate that homelessness could increase because of evictions and foreclosures by between 40% and 45% this year over where it was in January 2019. Meanwhile, in a study published in 2008, the last time the nation saw a surge in unemployment, Mark Zandi, the chief economist at Moody’s Analytics, determined there’s a multiplier effect leading to a $1.64 increase in GDP for every dollar of unemployment benefits spent. Last week, Treasury Secretary Steven Mnuchin said more federal stimulus – in the form of direct payments — is needed to help restart the economy. While Mnuchin did not endorse an extension of federal unemployment benefits, he said the White House may back another round of stimulus checks. “ It’s something that we’re very seriously considering,” Mnuchin said. The extended unemployment benefits and the initial round of stimulus checks was part of Congress’s $2 trillion-plus CARES Act passed in March. Qualifying American adults received a one-time payment of $1,200, and an additional $500 for every dependent claimed under the age of 17. Free to Read.
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https://ctmirror.org/2020/06/17/lamont-extending-600-a-week-federal-jobless-benefit-may-discourage-work/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1466755873#2_2992389931
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Title: Achalasia and Esophageal Motility Disorders | The Patient Guide to Heart, Lung, and Esophageal Surgery
Headings: Achalasia and Esophageal Motility Disorders
Achalasia and Esophageal Motility Disorders
The esophagus (ĕ-sof´ah-gus) is the hollow, muscular tube that moves food and liquid from your mouth to your stomach. If the muscles in your esophagus don’t squeeze properly, it will be harder for the food and liquids to reach your stomach. This condition is known as an esophageal motility disorder. Esophageal motility disorders make it difficult for you to swallow, cause food to come back up into your mouth, and sometime cause chest pain.
Causes of Achalasia
Symptoms of Achalasia
Left untreated, achalasia can cause considerable weight loss, lung infections, and pneumonia.
Diagnosis and Treatment Options
Esophageal Dilation
Botox
Heller Myotomy
Per-oral Esophageal Myotomy (POEM)
Esophagectomy
It is important to remember that no treatment will cure achalasia, but all forms of treatment will help manage symptoms.
Recovery
Content: Some researchers think it may be linked to a virus. Recent studies have indicated that achalasia may be caused by an immune disorder in which the patient’s own immune system attacks the nervous system within the muscles of the esophagus, causing them to malfunction. Achalasia doesn’t affect any particular race or ethnic group, and the condition does not run in families. Esophageal motility disorders develop slowly and worsen over time. If you experience only a brief episode of symptoms, you probably don’t have a true esophageal motility disorder. Symptoms of Achalasia
Symptoms of Achalasia
Dysphagia
Difficulty swallowing
Reflux
Backing up of stomach acids that may taste sour or bitter
Pressure in the chest after eating
Pressure or pain in your chest that is often worse after eating
Patients with achalasia are sometimes initially treated for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) before being diagnosed with achalasia on further testing. Symptoms of achalasia include: Difficulty swallowing
Pressure in the chest after eating
Backing up of undigested food and fluid (regurgitation) sometimes hours after eating
Coughing or choking on food
Bad breath
The symptoms can worsen with certain foods (such as meat, bread, and rice), certain liquids (such as carbonated beverages), and eating too close to bedtime. If you are having continuous problems with eating and drinking liquids, you can print these sample questions to use as a basis for discussion with your doctor. Left untreated, achalasia can cause considerable weight loss, lung infections, and pneumonia.
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https://ctsurgerypatients.org/lung-esophageal-and-other-chest-diseases/achalasia-and-esophageal-motility-disorders
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1476222961#5_3015846808
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Title: American Culture - Business Culture — Cultural Atlas
Headings: American Culture
American Culture
Greetings
Religion
Family
Naming
Dates of Significance
Etiquette
Do's and Don'ts
Communication
Other Considerations
Business Culture
Meetings
Relationships
Considerations
Americans in Australia
References
Inclusion Program
The United States
Americans in Australia
Content: Business cards are usually only exchanged if there is a need for contact information following a discussion or meeting. Relationships
Americans can come across as very friendly and personable people in business. They often cultivate a casual business environment that makes partners feel comfortable enough to trust them and share their position. However, while they are often very warm and welcoming, Americans do necessarily seek to build personal relationships with business partners. Depending on the industry, business is seen as strictly professional with little association to one’s personal life. Therefore, be aware of how much you open up in this informal atmosphere and how it can expose you. Apart from initial pleasantries, not much time may be allowed for familiarisation with new business partners. Therefore, it’s best that you aim to establish your reputation or brand with them first and foremost. They will be more interested in your experience, credentials and the longevity of your company. Considerations
American business culture is largely individualistic, with employees generally being highly motivated by their careers.
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https://culturalatlas.sbs.com.au/american-culture/american-culture-business-culture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1476967043#2_3017669838
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Title: Cross-cultural misunderstanding | Cultural Conflict
Headings: Cross-cultural misunderstanding
Cross-cultural misunderstanding
“When you travel, remember that a foreign country is not designed to make you comfortable. It is designed to make its own people comfortable.” – Clifton Fadiman
What is a cross-cultural misunderstanding?
Post navigation
Content: Here are some tips to help you understand more about Thai culture and avoid cultural misunderstandings. Thai greeting – The Wai- The wai is the common form of greeting and adheres to strict rules of protocol. It consists of a slight bow, with the palms pressed together. Generally, a younger person wais an elder, who returns it
Confrontation – Thai people generally speak softly and avoid confrontation at all costs. Please do not shout or raise your voice. Moreover, losing your temper, or showing strong negative emotions in public is considered a negative behavior
Touching other’s head – In Thailand, your head is considered high; it is the most sacred part of the body, so touching someone’s head is considered rude, impolite and disrespectful. Eating – it is inappropriate to lick you fingers while eating
No shoes inside – it is essential in Thai culture for people to remove their shoes before entering to someone’s house or a temple. Pointing with your feet – the foot is considered the lowest part of the body. Pointing your feet to someone or something or raising your feet higher than someone’s head, using your feet to move anything or touch anyone or simply put your feet on the table is considered extremely rude in Thai culture.
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https://culturalconflict.wordpress.com/2013/11/24/cross-cultural-misunderstandings/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1476967043#3_3017671724
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Title: Cross-cultural misunderstanding | Cultural Conflict
Headings: Cross-cultural misunderstanding
Cross-cultural misunderstanding
“When you travel, remember that a foreign country is not designed to make you comfortable. It is designed to make its own people comfortable.” – Clifton Fadiman
What is a cross-cultural misunderstanding?
Post navigation
Content: Moreover, losing your temper, or showing strong negative emotions in public is considered a negative behavior
Touching other’s head – In Thailand, your head is considered high; it is the most sacred part of the body, so touching someone’s head is considered rude, impolite and disrespectful. Eating – it is inappropriate to lick you fingers while eating
No shoes inside – it is essential in Thai culture for people to remove their shoes before entering to someone’s house or a temple. Pointing with your feet – the foot is considered the lowest part of the body. Pointing your feet to someone or something or raising your feet higher than someone’s head, using your feet to move anything or touch anyone or simply put your feet on the table is considered extremely rude in Thai culture. Bend your body – As I mentioned above the head is the most scared part of the body. Therefore, Thai people will bend a little if they have to walk and everybody else sits, especially when the ones who sit are older than you. This is the way we show respect to the belief that having your head higher than someone else means that you are in a superior position to others. Don’t step over people – If everyone else is sitting and you need to walk by; do not step over a person or any part of their body.
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https://culturalconflict.wordpress.com/2013/11/24/cross-cultural-misunderstandings/
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#0_3018027292
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
5/3/2014
17 Comments
Throughout the course of history, humans have struggled for a sense and need for belonging, an identity to call their own. This innate longing exists in every culture, place, and time; many found that identity in America. From its genesis, America has been the land of dreams and opportunity, a beacon of light to those for which little hope exists. The first settlers found here a haven for religious freedom while others simply sought a new life. Colonial America saw a movement toward unity for these assorted groups of people, each seeking his or her own version of liberty. Benjamin Franklin was among the first to define what it is to be called “American” and is often referred to as “The First American” himself. He became a figurehead for the American Spirit and forged the path to the American Dream. His rags to riches story gave these new Americans a relatable story that they, too, could find success in America never thought possible anywhere else. With the coming and going of the American Revolution began a revolution in culture as well.
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#2_3018030573
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: The birth of the United States brought with it a new sense of pride and of country. A disheveled group of misfits from all over the world had found common ground and a common cause for freedom, fighting and dying for a country that they could finally call their own. Until the Revolution, Americans still considered themselves to be very much a part of Britain. They found themselves betrayed, taken advantage of, and pushed to their limits of tolerance and cooperation. However, the idea of being not only British, but American built a resilience that could not be undone. For these people to be able to come together to transcend every social stratification, spanning such great distances lacking the sort of mass media technology that exists today was no easy task and speaks volumes to the American Spirit being very much alive and well already. From that point on, that very same idea of what it is to be an American could never be extinguished, but would instead endure and thrive into the renowned American Dream. American investors define the American Dream as “The belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success in a society where upward mobility is possible for everyone” and believe that “The American dream is achieved through sacrifice, risk-taking and hard work, not by chance. Both native-born Americans and American immigrants pursue and can achieve the American dream.” [ 1] Nineteenth century America entered the world stage as the only place on earth where every man was truly entitled to be his own.
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#3_3018032607
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: For these people to be able to come together to transcend every social stratification, spanning such great distances lacking the sort of mass media technology that exists today was no easy task and speaks volumes to the American Spirit being very much alive and well already. From that point on, that very same idea of what it is to be an American could never be extinguished, but would instead endure and thrive into the renowned American Dream. American investors define the American Dream as “The belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success in a society where upward mobility is possible for everyone” and believe that “The American dream is achieved through sacrifice, risk-taking and hard work, not by chance. Both native-born Americans and American immigrants pursue and can achieve the American dream.” [ 1] Nineteenth century America entered the world stage as the only place on earth where every man was truly entitled to be his own. The Civil War era, though a tumultuous and dark time for every American, crossed the bridge for the first time between an individual identity and the American identity. In the decades between the Revolution and Civil War, citizens of the United States very much identified themselves by state first and country second. Every man from Virginia considered himself proudly to be primarily a Virginian. With the Union restored and sectionalism weeded out of society over time, the Virginian became an American. Over the course of the next decades, Americans would again become segmented into classes divided by economic gain, racial oppression, and keeping up with the ever-changing times.
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#4_3018034753
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: The Civil War era, though a tumultuous and dark time for every American, crossed the bridge for the first time between an individual identity and the American identity. In the decades between the Revolution and Civil War, citizens of the United States very much identified themselves by state first and country second. Every man from Virginia considered himself proudly to be primarily a Virginian. With the Union restored and sectionalism weeded out of society over time, the Virginian became an American. Over the course of the next decades, Americans would again become segmented into classes divided by economic gain, racial oppression, and keeping up with the ever-changing times. The American Dream had gone from something very attainable to a distant hope. However, as is characteristic of the American character, the people remained hard-wearing and optimistic. The beginning of the 20th century brought on a shift in the American Dream like never before. The modern idea of this dream found its beginning in the 1920s and 30s, bridging the socioeconomic and cultural divides weighing so heavily on society through the economy, politics, and popular culture. The modern American Dream took the struggle between individual identity and American identity and fit them together into one ideal:
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#5_3018036463
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: The American Dream had gone from something very attainable to a distant hope. However, as is characteristic of the American character, the people remained hard-wearing and optimistic. The beginning of the 20th century brought on a shift in the American Dream like never before. The modern idea of this dream found its beginning in the 1920s and 30s, bridging the socioeconomic and cultural divides weighing so heavily on society through the economy, politics, and popular culture. The modern American Dream took the struggle between individual identity and American identity and fit them together into one ideal: a singular dream, a truly American one. The Business of The Dream
As the 19th century was coming to a close, a new awareness for the forgotten and oppressed members of society came to light in a variety of ways. The United States had been experiencing urbanization and technological advances at an extremely expedited rate. Waves of immigrants had been arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe seeking work, increasing the population of working poor. [ 2] The notion of the American Dream at this time existed to immigrants and meant merely to survive and be able to exist in a country that was free.
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#6_3018038090
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: a singular dream, a truly American one. The Business of The Dream
As the 19th century was coming to a close, a new awareness for the forgotten and oppressed members of society came to light in a variety of ways. The United States had been experiencing urbanization and technological advances at an extremely expedited rate. Waves of immigrants had been arriving from Southern and Eastern Europe seeking work, increasing the population of working poor. [ 2] The notion of the American Dream at this time existed to immigrants and meant merely to survive and be able to exist in a country that was free. Immigrants came to America to experience liberty, though liberty was little more than cramped quarters and penny wages. While this population of people had been previously overlooked, their struggles began to be exposed in the 1890s. Jacob Riis became a pioneer in this exposition, saying that “As we mold the children of the toiling masses in our cities, so we shape the destiny of the State which they will rule in their turn, taking the reins from our hands.” [ 3] His initiative in taking a stand for the urban poor inspired others to use their work to expose the condition of the urban poor. The Ashcan School centered itself on the harsh realities of urban living and depicted the dark struggle of daily life. [
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#7_3018039832
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: Immigrants came to America to experience liberty, though liberty was little more than cramped quarters and penny wages. While this population of people had been previously overlooked, their struggles began to be exposed in the 1890s. Jacob Riis became a pioneer in this exposition, saying that “As we mold the children of the toiling masses in our cities, so we shape the destiny of the State which they will rule in their turn, taking the reins from our hands.” [ 3] His initiative in taking a stand for the urban poor inspired others to use their work to expose the condition of the urban poor. The Ashcan School centered itself on the harsh realities of urban living and depicted the dark struggle of daily life. [ 4] Artists like George Bellows painted scenes to move the American public to do something about the condition of the urban poor. [ 5] Bellows’ and Riis’ plight soon became the plight of the American public as well, fostering an environment for economic, political, and social reform. The goals of the Progressive Era were centered on taming the beast that created this urban mess: capitalism. People like Jane Addams believed that “The good we secure for ourselves is precarious and uncertain until it is secured for all of us and incorporated into our common life.” [
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#8_3018041560
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: 4] Artists like George Bellows painted scenes to move the American public to do something about the condition of the urban poor. [ 5] Bellows’ and Riis’ plight soon became the plight of the American public as well, fostering an environment for economic, political, and social reform. The goals of the Progressive Era were centered on taming the beast that created this urban mess: capitalism. People like Jane Addams believed that “The good we secure for ourselves is precarious and uncertain until it is secured for all of us and incorporated into our common life.” [ 6] Americans were experiencing a need to ensure a good life not only for the individual, but for the entirety of the American population. Even in Washington the Progressive movement challenged political corruption and implored the government to take steps to regulate things like food and drugs, control corporate power, and create a strong system to manage the difficulties of this new urban environment. [ 7] However, all this reform and progress would come to an end with the onset of the First Great War. World War I, according to President Woodrow Wilson, was a selfless cause and would be “a war to end all wars” making the world “safe for democracy.” [ 8] The American public, after the U.S. entry into the war, got behind the cause in many ways.
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#9_3018043334
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: 6] Americans were experiencing a need to ensure a good life not only for the individual, but for the entirety of the American population. Even in Washington the Progressive movement challenged political corruption and implored the government to take steps to regulate things like food and drugs, control corporate power, and create a strong system to manage the difficulties of this new urban environment. [ 7] However, all this reform and progress would come to an end with the onset of the First Great War. World War I, according to President Woodrow Wilson, was a selfless cause and would be “a war to end all wars” making the world “safe for democracy.” [ 8] The American public, after the U.S. entry into the war, got behind the cause in many ways. From victory gardens and the purchasing of bonds to songs for national spirit, Americans felt a sense of unity that bridged the gaps between classes. War music depicted a sense of cohesiveness. Songs like “Over There” and “How Ya Gonna Keep ‘Em Down on the Farm (After They’ve Seen Paree)” convey a message of Americans all being on the same team, no matter economic class or ethnicity. [ 9] The World War I era was a time of strict moral codes with serious objectives to be accomplished, and, as any largely supported war time, produced huge economic success and prosperity, giving birth to the infamous Roaring Twenties. The Roaring Twenties was the beginning of what is experienced today as the American Dream, and capitalism was back in full swing.
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#10_3018045302
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: From victory gardens and the purchasing of bonds to songs for national spirit, Americans felt a sense of unity that bridged the gaps between classes. War music depicted a sense of cohesiveness. Songs like “Over There” and “How Ya Gonna Keep ‘Em Down on the Farm (After They’ve Seen Paree)” convey a message of Americans all being on the same team, no matter economic class or ethnicity. [ 9] The World War I era was a time of strict moral codes with serious objectives to be accomplished, and, as any largely supported war time, produced huge economic success and prosperity, giving birth to the infamous Roaring Twenties. The Roaring Twenties was the beginning of what is experienced today as the American Dream, and capitalism was back in full swing. A time of rich cultural births and overindulgence in commodities are pieces of the modern American spirit that will never be undone. The 1920s Americans as described by Bill Bryson were not terribly different than Americans today: headstrong, resilient, and a mighty force of ambition that is not to be reckoned with. They were avid fans of gossip, hungry for thrill, and had a will to be the best in the world that could not be satisfied. Bryson states that “no other country in history had ever been this affluent, and it was getting wealthier daily at a pace that was positively dizzying”. [
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#11_3018047102
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
Leave a Reply.
Content: A time of rich cultural births and overindulgence in commodities are pieces of the modern American spirit that will never be undone. The 1920s Americans as described by Bill Bryson were not terribly different than Americans today: headstrong, resilient, and a mighty force of ambition that is not to be reckoned with. They were avid fans of gossip, hungry for thrill, and had a will to be the best in the world that could not be satisfied. Bryson states that “no other country in history had ever been this affluent, and it was getting wealthier daily at a pace that was positively dizzying”. [ 10] 1920s Americans created a world of economic prosperity that they wanted to endure forever. An increased gross national product brought rise to the standard of living for every American, producing things like chain stores, installment credit, mass produced consumer goods, electric household appliances, and the automobile. While the economic prosperity of the 20s would eventually end, the mentality that it brought to American culture, the dream that it created and realized would never be extinguished. The world that is experienced today in advertising, magazines, radio, film, and personal freedom, the world that we consider to exist within the American Dream, had its genesis in the prosperity of the Roaring Twenties. The American Dream was now something not only brought into the minds of all social classes, it was something that was attained and experienced by the majority of Americans.
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477149627#12_3018049021
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Title: The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s - Cultural History of the United States
Headings: Cultural History of the United States
The American Dream in the 1920s & 30s
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Content: 10] 1920s Americans created a world of economic prosperity that they wanted to endure forever. An increased gross national product brought rise to the standard of living for every American, producing things like chain stores, installment credit, mass produced consumer goods, electric household appliances, and the automobile. While the economic prosperity of the 20s would eventually end, the mentality that it brought to American culture, the dream that it created and realized would never be extinguished. The world that is experienced today in advertising, magazines, radio, film, and personal freedom, the world that we consider to exist within the American Dream, had its genesis in the prosperity of the Roaring Twenties. The American Dream was now something not only brought into the minds of all social classes, it was something that was attained and experienced by the majority of Americans. This prosperity helped to bridge the gap between individual identity and the identity of the social community as a whole. Even into the crash of 1929 and the Depression that ensued in the 30s, Americans identified with each other in ways that they had not experienced before. Everyone participated in the lush culture of the 20s as well as in the hardship of the 30s. From this point in time forward, regardless of social class, race, or ethnicity, U.S. citizens experienced and defined the American Dream together rather than merely catching a glimpse of a far-off reality. The Culture of Politics
Politics in the U.S. changed drastically from the Progressive Era through the Roaring Twenties and into the Great Depression.
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https://culturalhistoryus.weebly.com/the-american-dream/the-american-dream-in-the-1920s-30s
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#0_3018790352
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Goth subculture
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Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst". File: Gothic girl.jpg
Photography with aesthetics close to Gothic (black and white), showing a woman dressed in that style
The goth subculture is a contemporary group of people within a culture who adopt fashion elements such as black clothing, dyed black hair, dark eyeliner, black fingernails and black period-styled clothing and a focus on gothic rock and a range of other music genres. The goth subculture, which is found in many countries in the 2010s, began in England during the early 1980s in the gothic rock scene, an offshoot of the post-punk genre. Notable post-punk groups that presaged that genre are Siouxsie and the Banshees, Joy Division and Bauhaus. The goth subculture has survived much longer than others of the same era, and has continued to diversify. Its imagery and cultural proclivities indicate influences from the 19th century Gothic literature along with horror films .
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#1_3018792352
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: Gothic girl.jpg
Photography with aesthetics close to Gothic (black and white), showing a woman dressed in that style
The goth subculture is a contemporary group of people within a culture who adopt fashion elements such as black clothing, dyed black hair, dark eyeliner, black fingernails and black period-styled clothing and a focus on gothic rock and a range of other music genres. The goth subculture, which is found in many countries in the 2010s, began in England during the early 1980s in the gothic rock scene, an offshoot of the post-punk genre. Notable post-punk groups that presaged that genre are Siouxsie and the Banshees, Joy Division and Bauhaus. The goth subculture has survived much longer than others of the same era, and has continued to diversify. Its imagery and cultural proclivities indicate influences from the 19th century Gothic literature along with horror films . The goth subculture has associated tastes in music, aesthetics, and fashion. The music of the goth subculture encompasses a number of different styles, including gothic rock, industrial, deathrock, post-punk, darkwave, ethereal wave and neoclassical. Styles of dress within the subculture range from deathrock, punk and Victorian styles, or combinations of the above, most often with dark attire (often black), pale face makeup and black hair. The scene continues to draw interest from a large audience decades after its emergence. In Western Europe, there are large annual festivals, mainly in Germany .
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#2_3018794798
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: The goth subculture has associated tastes in music, aesthetics, and fashion. The music of the goth subculture encompasses a number of different styles, including gothic rock, industrial, deathrock, post-punk, darkwave, ethereal wave and neoclassical. Styles of dress within the subculture range from deathrock, punk and Victorian styles, or combinations of the above, most often with dark attire (often black), pale face makeup and black hair. The scene continues to draw interest from a large audience decades after its emergence. In Western Europe, there are large annual festivals, mainly in Germany . Contents
1
Music
1.1
Origins and development
1.2
Gothic genre
2
Art: historical and cultural influences
2.1
18th and 19th centuries
2.1.1
Visual art influences
2.2
20th century influences
3
Characteristics of the scene
3.1
Icons
3.2
Fashion
3.3
Films
3.4
Books and magazines
3.5
Graphic art
3.6
Events
4
Sociology
4.1
Gender and sexuality
4.2
Identity
4.3
Media and academic commentary
4.4
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
4.4.1
School shootings
4.5
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
4.6
Self-harm study
5
See also
6
Notes
7
Sources
8
References
9
Further reading
Music
Script error: No such module "main". Origins and development
The term "gothic rock" was coined in 1967 by music critic John Stickney to describe a meeting he had with Jim Morrison in a dimly lit wine-cellar which he called "the perfect room to honor the Gothic rock of the Doors ". That same year, Velvet Underground with a track like " All Tomorrow's Parties ", created a kind of "mesmerizing gothic-rock masterpiece" according to music historian Kurt Loder.
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#3_3018797467
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: Contents
1
Music
1.1
Origins and development
1.2
Gothic genre
2
Art: historical and cultural influences
2.1
18th and 19th centuries
2.1.1
Visual art influences
2.2
20th century influences
3
Characteristics of the scene
3.1
Icons
3.2
Fashion
3.3
Films
3.4
Books and magazines
3.5
Graphic art
3.6
Events
4
Sociology
4.1
Gender and sexuality
4.2
Identity
4.3
Media and academic commentary
4.4
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
4.4.1
School shootings
4.5
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
4.6
Self-harm study
5
See also
6
Notes
7
Sources
8
References
9
Further reading
Music
Script error: No such module "main". Origins and development
The term "gothic rock" was coined in 1967 by music critic John Stickney to describe a meeting he had with Jim Morrison in a dimly lit wine-cellar which he called "the perfect room to honor the Gothic rock of the Doors ". That same year, Velvet Underground with a track like " All Tomorrow's Parties ", created a kind of "mesmerizing gothic-rock masterpiece" according to music historian Kurt Loder. In the late 1970s, the "gothic" adjective was used to describe the atmosphere of post-punk bands like Siouxsie and the Banshees, Magazine and Joy Division. In a live review about a Siouxsie and the Banshees' concert in July 1978, critic Nick Kent wrote that concerning their music, "parallels and comparisons can now be drawn with gothic rock architects like the Doors and, certainly, early Velvet Underground". In March 1979, in his review of Magazine's second album Secondhand Daylight, Kent noted that there was "a new austere sense of authority" in the music, with a "dank neo-Gothic sound". Later that year, the term was also used by Joy Division 's manager, Tony Wilson on 15 September in an interview for the BBC TV programme's Something Else: Wilson described Joy Division as "gothic" compared to the pop mainstream, right before a live performance of the band.
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#4_3018800411
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: In the late 1970s, the "gothic" adjective was used to describe the atmosphere of post-punk bands like Siouxsie and the Banshees, Magazine and Joy Division. In a live review about a Siouxsie and the Banshees' concert in July 1978, critic Nick Kent wrote that concerning their music, "parallels and comparisons can now be drawn with gothic rock architects like the Doors and, certainly, early Velvet Underground". In March 1979, in his review of Magazine's second album Secondhand Daylight, Kent noted that there was "a new austere sense of authority" in the music, with a "dank neo-Gothic sound". Later that year, the term was also used by Joy Division 's manager, Tony Wilson on 15 September in an interview for the BBC TV programme's Something Else: Wilson described Joy Division as "gothic" compared to the pop mainstream, right before a live performance of the band. The term was later applied to "newer bands such as Bauhaus who had arrived in the wake of Joy Division and Siouxsie and the Banshees". Script error: No such module "Footnotes". Bauhaus's first single issued in 1979, " Bela Lugosi's Dead ", is generally credited as the starting point of the gothic rock genre. Script error:
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#5_3018802570
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: The term was later applied to "newer bands such as Bauhaus who had arrived in the wake of Joy Division and Siouxsie and the Banshees". Script error: No such module "Footnotes". Bauhaus's first single issued in 1979, " Bela Lugosi's Dead ", is generally credited as the starting point of the gothic rock genre. Script error: No such module "Footnotes". In 1979, Sounds described Joy Division as "Gothic" and "theatrical". In February 1980, Melody Maker qualified the same band as "masters of this Gothic gloom". Critic Jon Savage would later say that their singer Ian Curtis wrote "the definitive Northern Gothic statement". However, it was not until the early 1980s that gothic rock became a coherent music subgenre within post-punk, and that followers of these bands started to come together as a distinctly recognisable movement.
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#6_3018804367
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: No such module "Footnotes". In 1979, Sounds described Joy Division as "Gothic" and "theatrical". In February 1980, Melody Maker qualified the same band as "masters of this Gothic gloom". Critic Jon Savage would later say that their singer Ian Curtis wrote "the definitive Northern Gothic statement". However, it was not until the early 1980s that gothic rock became a coherent music subgenre within post-punk, and that followers of these bands started to come together as a distinctly recognisable movement. They may have taken the "goth" mantle from a 1981 article published in UK rock weekly Sounds: " The face of Punk Gothique", written by Steve Keaton. In a text about the audience of UK Decay, Keaton asked: " Could this be the coming of Punk Gothique? With Bauhaus flying in on similar wings could it be the next big thing?".
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#7_3018806164
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: They may have taken the "goth" mantle from a 1981 article published in UK rock weekly Sounds: " The face of Punk Gothique", written by Steve Keaton. In a text about the audience of UK Decay, Keaton asked: " Could this be the coming of Punk Gothique? With Bauhaus flying in on similar wings could it be the next big thing?". In July 1982, the opening of the Batcave in London 's Soho provided a prominent meeting point for the emerging scene, which would be briefly labelled "positive punk" by the NME in a special issue with a front cover in early 1983. The term "Batcaver" was then used to describe old-school goths. File: Bauhaus concert.jpg
Bauhaus —Live in concert, 3 February 2006
Independent from the British scene, in the late 1970s and early 1980s in California, deathrock developed as a distinct branch of American punk rock, with acts such as Christian Death and 45 Grave. Gothic genre
The bands that defined and embraced the gothic rock genre included Bauhaus, Script error:
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#8_3018808117
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: In July 1982, the opening of the Batcave in London 's Soho provided a prominent meeting point for the emerging scene, which would be briefly labelled "positive punk" by the NME in a special issue with a front cover in early 1983. The term "Batcaver" was then used to describe old-school goths. File: Bauhaus concert.jpg
Bauhaus —Live in concert, 3 February 2006
Independent from the British scene, in the late 1970s and early 1980s in California, deathrock developed as a distinct branch of American punk rock, with acts such as Christian Death and 45 Grave. Gothic genre
The bands that defined and embraced the gothic rock genre included Bauhaus, Script error: No such module "Footnotes". early Adam and the Ants, Script error: No such module "Footnotes". The Cure, The Birthday Party, Script error: No such module "Footnotes".
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#10_3018811482
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: Southern Death Cult, Specimen, Sex Gang Children, UK Decay, Virgin Prunes, Killing Joke and the later incarnations of The Damned. Script error: No such module "Footnotes". Near the peak of this first generation of the gothic scene in 1983, The Face ' s Paul Rambali recalled that there were "several strong Gothic characteristics" in the music of Joy Division. In 1984, Joy Division's bassist Peter Hook named Play Dead as one of their heirs: If you listen to a band like Play Dead, who I really like, Joy Division played the same stuff that Play Dead are playing. They're similar. File: The Cure Live in Singapore - 1st August 2007.jpg
Lead singer and guitarist Robert Smith of The Cure
By the mid-1980s, bands began proliferating and became increasingly popular, including The Sisters of Mercy, The Mission (known as The Mission UK in the U.S.), Alien Sex Fiend, The March Violets, Xmal Deutschland, The Membranes and Fields of Nephilim. Record labels like Factory, 4AD and Beggars Banquet released much of this music in Europe, and through a vibrant import music market in the U.S., the subculture grew, especially in New York and Los Angeles, California, where many nightclubs featured "gothic/industrial" nights.
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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msmarco_v2.1_doc_14_1477602929#11_3018813658
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Title: Goth subculture | Culture Wikia | Fandom
Headings: Goth subculture
Goth subculture
Script error: No such module "about". Script error: No such module "Unsubst".
Contents
Music
Script error: No such module "main".
Origins and development
Gothic genre
Art: historical and cultural influences
18th and 19th centuries
Visual art influences
20th century influences
Characteristics of the scene
Icons
Fashion
Script error: No such module "main".
Films
Books and magazines
Graphic art
Events
Sociology
Gender and sexuality
Identity
Media and academic commentary
Media perceptions on violence and self-harm
School shootings
Prejudice and violence directed at goths
Self-harm study
See also
Notes
Sources
References
Further reading
Content: If you listen to a band like Play Dead, who I really like, Joy Division played the same stuff that Play Dead are playing. They're similar. File: The Cure Live in Singapore - 1st August 2007.jpg
Lead singer and guitarist Robert Smith of The Cure
By the mid-1980s, bands began proliferating and became increasingly popular, including The Sisters of Mercy, The Mission (known as The Mission UK in the U.S.), Alien Sex Fiend, The March Violets, Xmal Deutschland, The Membranes and Fields of Nephilim. Record labels like Factory, 4AD and Beggars Banquet released much of this music in Europe, and through a vibrant import music market in the U.S., the subculture grew, especially in New York and Los Angeles, California, where many nightclubs featured "gothic/industrial" nights. The popularity of 4AD bands resulted in the creation of a similar U.S. label, Projekt, which produces what was colloquially termed ethereal wave, a subgenre of dark wave music. The 1990s saw further growth for some 1980s bands and the emergence of many new acts, as well as new goth-centric U.S. record labels such as Cleopatra Records, among others. According to Dave Simpson of The Guardian, "in the 90s, goths all but disappeared as dance music became the dominant youth cult." As a result, the goth "movement went underground and mistaken for cyber goth, Shock rock, Industrial metal, Gothic metal, Medieval folk metal and the latest subgenre, horror punk." Marilyn Manson was seen as a "goth-shock icon" by Spin.
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https://culture.fandom.com/wiki/Goth_subculture
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