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msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217168123#3_2044526722
Title: Zoning Defined Headings: Zoning Defined Zoning Defined Zoning is defined as a restriction on the way land within a certain jurisdiction can be used. The local government, usually a local municipality, town, or township, defines the zoning rules and regulations for their specific locality. These agencies then divide their jurisdictions into zones, and each is classified - or zoned - for particular types of land use. Understanding Zoning Laws Complying With Local Zoning Laws Content: Our goal is to be an objective, third-party resource for everything legal and insurance related. We update our site regularly, and all content is reviewed by experts. Zoning is a restriction on the way land within its jurisdiction can be used. Through community planning and development, zoning laws help local governmental agencies preserve property values and ensure communities are functional and safe places. Without zoning, a gun store could open up next to a school, an adult club could operate near a playground, and a busy store could maintain its business on your residential street. Through zoning restrictions, activities by these establishments are not allowed and these violaters would suffer major consequences for their noncompliance. Understanding Zoning Laws The government, usually a local municipality, town, or township sets the zoning rules and regulations for their specific locality. Typically, the agencies divide their jurisdictions into zones, classified by particular types of land use. For instance, one area might be zoned for residential use, another nearby for commercial use, one on the outskirts of a city for commercial use, and one for agricultural use to raise livestock. And hybrid zones may also exist within these broad categories.
http://real-estate-law.freeadvice.com/real-estate-law/zoning/zoning_legalese.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217168123#4_2044528695
Title: Zoning Defined Headings: Zoning Defined Zoning Defined Zoning is defined as a restriction on the way land within a certain jurisdiction can be used. The local government, usually a local municipality, town, or township, defines the zoning rules and regulations for their specific locality. These agencies then divide their jurisdictions into zones, and each is classified - or zoned - for particular types of land use. Understanding Zoning Laws Complying With Local Zoning Laws Content: Through zoning restrictions, activities by these establishments are not allowed and these violaters would suffer major consequences for their noncompliance. Understanding Zoning Laws The government, usually a local municipality, town, or township sets the zoning rules and regulations for their specific locality. Typically, the agencies divide their jurisdictions into zones, classified by particular types of land use. For instance, one area might be zoned for residential use, another nearby for commercial use, one on the outskirts of a city for commercial use, and one for agricultural use to raise livestock. And hybrid zones may also exist within these broad categories. Some residential areas might allow only single family homes, while others may also include apartments and townhouses. Complying With Local Zoning Laws The property owner must comply with the local zoning laws. For instance, if the owner buys a house for his residence, he can’t raise pet goats and llamas in that area unless it is zoned for that, like an agricultural zone. If the property owner wishes to use his land in a way that does not comply with the stated requirements of the zoning laws for that piece of property, the owner must be granted an exception (often called a special use permit) by first filing an application with the local board and getting neighborhood approval. Sometimes zoning of a given area can also change.
http://real-estate-law.freeadvice.com/real-estate-law/zoning/zoning_legalese.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217258832#4_2044765904
Title: Commercial Real Estate FAQ | Lawyers.com Headings: Commercial Real Estate FAQ Commercial Real Estate FAQ Updated: Dec 19th, 2018 What exactly is commercial real estate? Are there really that many differences between a commercial real estate deal and buying a residential house? What are some of the common pitfalls in a commercial real estate business deal? Should I hire a real estate broker? If I hire a real estate broker, why do I need to hire a lawyer? Is an escrow always necessary? How do I find out if I am getting good title? What's a preliminary title report and how much attention should I pay to it? What’s title insurance and why is it necessary? Are there different types of deeds, and why should I care? Does it make any difference how I take title to commercial real property? Why is it necessary to have a separate real estate purchase contract, when escrow instructions usually seem to be enough? What provisions or language should be in a real estate purchase contract? Does “as is” really mean “as is”? In buying real property for my business, do I need to get an environmental site assessment? What’s a “1031 exchange”? Content: Broadly defined, the term “commercial real estate” can be used to refer to any dealing with real property in a business context. It might involve leasing office space, building a new office tower, or selling real property as part of the sale of a business. It could be industrial property (e.g., a factory) or agricultural property (e.g., a farm). It might even involve residential properties like apartment complexes or rental houses being held for business or income-producing purposes. Unless the property is a residence where the homeowner, renter, or subletter is living, you're likely dealing with commercial real estate. Are there really that many differences between a commercial real estate deal and buying a residential house? A: While many of the concepts are the same, there can be significant differences between the commercial and residential real estate markets. Generally, it is far more common for commercial property to be leased, rather than sold. It isn’t uncommon for commercial space to be owned by large real estate holding companies, particularly in urban areas.
http://real-estate.lawyers.com/commercial-real-estate/buying-and-selling-commercial-real-estate.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217258832#5_2044768444
Title: Commercial Real Estate FAQ | Lawyers.com Headings: Commercial Real Estate FAQ Commercial Real Estate FAQ Updated: Dec 19th, 2018 What exactly is commercial real estate? Are there really that many differences between a commercial real estate deal and buying a residential house? What are some of the common pitfalls in a commercial real estate business deal? Should I hire a real estate broker? If I hire a real estate broker, why do I need to hire a lawyer? Is an escrow always necessary? How do I find out if I am getting good title? What's a preliminary title report and how much attention should I pay to it? What’s title insurance and why is it necessary? Are there different types of deeds, and why should I care? Does it make any difference how I take title to commercial real property? Why is it necessary to have a separate real estate purchase contract, when escrow instructions usually seem to be enough? What provisions or language should be in a real estate purchase contract? Does “as is” really mean “as is”? In buying real property for my business, do I need to get an environmental site assessment? What’s a “1031 exchange”? Content: Are there really that many differences between a commercial real estate deal and buying a residential house? A: While many of the concepts are the same, there can be significant differences between the commercial and residential real estate markets. Generally, it is far more common for commercial property to be leased, rather than sold. It isn’t uncommon for commercial space to be owned by large real estate holding companies, particularly in urban areas. These entities will often enter into long-term leases with various businesses. The lease periods can be lengthy, often three, five, or ten years. This stands in sharp contrast to the residential market, where outright sales are more common. Residential real estate also offers significant leasing and renting opportunities for the consumer, but typically for one-year terms. Certain types of commercial transactions can have additional legal implications, particularly with regards to zoning and land use.
http://real-estate.lawyers.com/commercial-real-estate/buying-and-selling-commercial-real-estate.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217325567#6_2044908999
Title: Moving Out of a Rental: Important Steps to Keep Your Landlord Happy and Get Your Security Deposit Back | Lawyers.com Headings: Moving Out of a Rental: Important Steps to Keep Your Landlord Happy Moving Out of a Rental: Important Steps to Keep Your Landlord Happy Give Your Landlord the Required Amount of Notice How to End a Month-to-Month Rental Agreement How to End a Fixed-Term Lease Exceptions: When You Might be Able to Break Your Lease Without Consequences Try to End the Tenancy on a Positive Note Content: This could take one of two forms: a sublet or an assignment. In a typical sublet, the new tenant would pay you rent, and then you’d pay the landlord. With an assignment, the new tenant takes over the remainder of your lease and pays rent to the landlord directly. Either way, you remain liable for unpaid rent or damage to the property. Most leases don’t allow subleasing or assigning without the landlord’s consent, so try to work details out (again, in writing) with your landlord. Offer to help your landlord find a suitable tenant (someone with good credit and references) to take over your rental. Break your lease. If neither of the above options work, you might need to break the lease. Even if you give the landlord notice, you might still be on the hook for paying rent for the full lease term if your landlord can’t find a satisfactory replacement tenant who will pay the same amount of rent.
http://real-estate.lawyers.com/landlord-tenant-law/moving-out-of-a-rental.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217325567#7_2044910650
Title: Moving Out of a Rental: Important Steps to Keep Your Landlord Happy and Get Your Security Deposit Back | Lawyers.com Headings: Moving Out of a Rental: Important Steps to Keep Your Landlord Happy Moving Out of a Rental: Important Steps to Keep Your Landlord Happy Give Your Landlord the Required Amount of Notice How to End a Month-to-Month Rental Agreement How to End a Fixed-Term Lease Exceptions: When You Might be Able to Break Your Lease Without Consequences Try to End the Tenancy on a Positive Note Content: Most leases don’t allow subleasing or assigning without the landlord’s consent, so try to work details out (again, in writing) with your landlord. Offer to help your landlord find a suitable tenant (someone with good credit and references) to take over your rental. Break your lease. If neither of the above options work, you might need to break the lease. Even if you give the landlord notice, you might still be on the hook for paying rent for the full lease term if your landlord can’t find a satisfactory replacement tenant who will pay the same amount of rent. If the only acceptable replacement your landlord finds is a tenant who pays less per month than you did, you might be responsible for the difference. Also, you might be liable for your landlord’s reasonable costs of re-renting the unit, such as advertising costs. Your landlord will probably start collecting by using your security deposit; if the deposit is insufficient, the landlord can sue you for the remaining amounts due. Exceptions:
http://real-estate.lawyers.com/landlord-tenant-law/moving-out-of-a-rental.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217972522#0_2046268079
Title: Real Estate Law - FindLaw Headings: Real Estate Law Real Estate Law Buying a Home Owning a Home Selling Your Home Mortgages and Equity Loans Foreclosure Landlord Tenant Law Construction Defects Neighbors Land Use Laws Legal Help and Resources Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: Real Estate Law - FindLaw ... FindLaw Learn About The Law Real Estate Law Real Estate Law Real estate law, or property law, generally refers to the laws controlling the ownership or use of land in the United States. Real estate law is a branch of civil law that covers the right to possess, use, and enjoy land and the permanent man-made additions attached to it. Real estate law directly or indirectly impacts most of us on a daily basis, affecting homeowners, renters, landlords, home buyers, and home sellers. More In the United States, every state has exclusive jurisdiction over the land within its borders. Each state has the power to determine the form and effect of a transfer of real property in its jurisdiction. As a result, state law requirements vary significantly from state to state. Real Property & Personal Property There are generally two types of property: real property and personal property. Most of the legal concepts and rules associated with both types of property are derived from British common law. Back then, "real property," often shortened to just property, generally referred to land and fixtures upon land.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217972522#1_2046269700
Title: Real Estate Law - FindLaw Headings: Real Estate Law Real Estate Law Buying a Home Owning a Home Selling Your Home Mortgages and Equity Loans Foreclosure Landlord Tenant Law Construction Defects Neighbors Land Use Laws Legal Help and Resources Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: As a result, state law requirements vary significantly from state to state. Real Property & Personal Property There are generally two types of property: real property and personal property. Most of the legal concepts and rules associated with both types of property are derived from British common law. Back then, "real property," often shortened to just property, generally referred to land and fixtures upon land. In modern times, real estate has become an American umbrella term for buying, selling, renting and using land. Specifically, real property is land and ordinarily anything erected on, growing on, or affixed to it, including buildings and crops. The term land, in its general usage, includes not only the face of the earth but everything of a permanent nature over or under it, including minerals, oil, and gases. Personal property, meanwhile, is anything other than land that can be the subject of ownership, including stocks, money, notes, intellectual property as well as intangible property. Real Estate Sales & Purchases When a piece of property is sold, real estate brokers or agents are often hired by the seller to obtain a buyer for a property.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217972522#2_2046271346
Title: Real Estate Law - FindLaw Headings: Real Estate Law Real Estate Law Buying a Home Owning a Home Selling Your Home Mortgages and Equity Loans Foreclosure Landlord Tenant Law Construction Defects Neighbors Land Use Laws Legal Help and Resources Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: In modern times, real estate has become an American umbrella term for buying, selling, renting and using land. Specifically, real property is land and ordinarily anything erected on, growing on, or affixed to it, including buildings and crops. The term land, in its general usage, includes not only the face of the earth but everything of a permanent nature over or under it, including minerals, oil, and gases. Personal property, meanwhile, is anything other than land that can be the subject of ownership, including stocks, money, notes, intellectual property as well as intangible property. Real Estate Sales & Purchases When a piece of property is sold, real estate brokers or agents are often hired by the seller to obtain a buyer for a property. Real estate brokers, agents, and salespeople are licensed and regulated by local state laws. A real estate agreement between a buyer and seller of real estate is governed by general principles of contract law and individual state laws. The sale or transfer of real property is almost always required to be in writing. It is often required in real estate contracts that the title to the property sold be "marketable." An attorney or a title insurance company is frequently employed to investigate a title's legal marketability.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217972522#3_2046273103
Title: Real Estate Law - FindLaw Headings: Real Estate Law Real Estate Law Buying a Home Owning a Home Selling Your Home Mortgages and Equity Loans Foreclosure Landlord Tenant Law Construction Defects Neighbors Land Use Laws Legal Help and Resources Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: Real estate brokers, agents, and salespeople are licensed and regulated by local state laws. A real estate agreement between a buyer and seller of real estate is governed by general principles of contract law and individual state laws. The sale or transfer of real property is almost always required to be in writing. It is often required in real estate contracts that the title to the property sold be "marketable." An attorney or a title insurance company is frequently employed to investigate a title's legal marketability. In order to pass the title, a deed with a proper description of the land must be executed and delivered. Some states require that the deed be officially recorded to establish ownership of the property and/or provide notice of its transfer to subsequent purchasers. Landlord / Tenant and Land Use Laws In addition to the purchase or sale of lands, states typically regulate the renting or leasing of property for residential or commercial purposes. Such laws cover a range of practices, such as how security deposits are handled, evictions, and more. State and local laws may also have a substantial effect on how owners use their property.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1217972522#4_2046274748
Title: Real Estate Law - FindLaw Headings: Real Estate Law Real Estate Law Buying a Home Owning a Home Selling Your Home Mortgages and Equity Loans Foreclosure Landlord Tenant Law Construction Defects Neighbors Land Use Laws Legal Help and Resources Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: In order to pass the title, a deed with a proper description of the land must be executed and delivered. Some states require that the deed be officially recorded to establish ownership of the property and/or provide notice of its transfer to subsequent purchasers. Landlord / Tenant and Land Use Laws In addition to the purchase or sale of lands, states typically regulate the renting or leasing of property for residential or commercial purposes. Such laws cover a range of practices, such as how security deposits are handled, evictions, and more. State and local laws may also have a substantial effect on how owners use their property. Zoning and environmental laws affect development and construction projects. Further, community or homeowner association rules affect the use of property in many modern residential communities. FindLaw's Real Estate Center has in-depth information on buying a home, refinancing a home, selling a home, avoiding foreclosure, and more. You can find out what you need to know about renter's rights, finding the right mortgage, home equity loans, foreclosure, and a host of other real estate issues. Buying a Home Home Buying Guide Home Buying Process Home Buyer Resources More... Owning a Home Insuring Your Home Property Taxes and Deductions Insuring Your Home More... Selling Your Home Home Selling Basics Home Selling Process More... Mortgages and Equity Loans Mortgage and Loan Basics Qualifying for Mortgage Borrower's Rights More... Foreclosure Avoiding Foreclosure The Foreclosure Process Foreclosure Scams More... Landlord Tenant Law Lease Agreements Rent and Security Deposits Disputes More... Construction Defects Construction Defects Basics Toxic Mold More... Neighbors Property Boundaries Neighbors and Trees Neighbor Disputes More... Land Use Laws Easements Eminent Domain Trespassing More... Legal Help and Resources Using a Real Estate Attorney Resources More... Next Steps Contact a qualified real estate attorney in your area.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218115560#1_2046605384
Title: Land Use and Zoning Basics - FindLaw Headings: Land Use and Zoning Basics Land Use and Zoning Basics What are Zoning Regulations? Regulation of Development Limits on Zoning Regulation Challenges to Zoning Regulations FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Non-Government Restrictions: Restrictive Covenants and Easements Get Legal Help with Your Land Use and Zoning Questions Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: The basic purpose and function of zoning is to divide a municipality into residential, commercial, and industrial districts (or zones), that are for the most part separate from one another, with the use of property within each district being reasonably uniform. Within these three main types of districts there generally will be additional restrictions that can be quite detailed -- including the following: Specific requirements as to the type of buildings allowed Location of utility lines Restrictions on accessory buildings, building setbacks from the streets and other boundaries Size and height of buildings Number of rooms These restrictions may also cover the frontage of lots; minimum lot area; front, rear, and side yards; off-street parking; the number of buildings on a lot; and the number of dwelling units in a certain area. Regulations may restrict areas to single-family homes or to multi-family dwellings or townhouses. In areas of historic or cultural significance, zoning regulations may require that those features be preserved.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/land-use-laws/land-use-and-zoning-basics.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218115560#2_2046607120
Title: Land Use and Zoning Basics - FindLaw Headings: Land Use and Zoning Basics Land Use and Zoning Basics What are Zoning Regulations? Regulation of Development Limits on Zoning Regulation Challenges to Zoning Regulations FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Non-Government Restrictions: Restrictive Covenants and Easements Get Legal Help with Your Land Use and Zoning Questions Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: off-street parking; the number of buildings on a lot; and the number of dwelling units in a certain area. Regulations may restrict areas to single-family homes or to multi-family dwellings or townhouses. In areas of historic or cultural significance, zoning regulations may require that those features be preserved. Regulation of Development Land-use regulation is not restricted to controlling existing buildings and uses; in large part, it is designed to guide future development. Municipalities commonly follow a planning process that ultimately results in a comprehensive or master plan, and in some states the creation of an official map for a municipality. The master plan is then put into effect by ordinances controlling zoning, regulation of subdivision developments, street plans, plans for public facilities, and building regulations. Future developers must plan their subdivisions in accordance with the official map or plan.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/land-use-laws/land-use-and-zoning-basics.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218140158#3_2046666051
Title: Types of Zoning - FindLaw Headings: Types of Zoning Types of Zoning Residential Zoning Residential Zoning and Home-Based Businesses Commercial Zoning Industrial Zoning Agricultural Zoning FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Rural Zoning Combination Zoning Historic Zoning Aesthetic Zoning Permitted and Accessory Uses Have More Questions About the Different Types of Zoning? Ask a Lawyer Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: They may also require separate parking and entrance facilities. Rules regarding home-based businesses for condominiums are typically even more restrictive than private residences. Commercial Zoning Commercial zoning usually has several categories and depends on the business use of the property, and often the number of business patrons. Almost any kind of real estate (other than single-family home and single-family lots) can be considered commercial real estate. Examples of commercial zoning include: Office buildings Shopping centers Nightclubs Hotels Certain warehouses Some apartment complexes as well as vacant land that has the potential for development into these types of buildings The availability of parking may affect the type of commercial zoning that is allowed. Additionally, there can be rules regarding the proximity of certain types of businesses to others. Many zoning laws ban or limit adult entertainment establishments to a certain geographical area. Others bar such types of land uses within a certain distance of existing schools or churches. Industrial Zoning Like commercial zoning, industrial zoning can be specific to the type of business.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/land-use-laws/types-of-zoning.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218180270#2_2046765718
Title: FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities - FindLaw Headings: FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities What responsibilities does a landlord have for tenants' safety and security? Are there ways that a landlord can limit their responsibility for the criminal acts of non-tenants? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Can landlords face legal trouble for tenants that deal drugs on the rental property? Are there ways that a landlord can limit their responsibility for a tenant's criminal conduct? Get Legal Help With a Landlord's Responsibilities Regarding Criminal Activity Content: This protection responsibility may impose a legal duty on the landlord to take steps to protect their tenants from thieves, assailants, and other tenants. In addition to this responsibility to the tenants, landlords may also be partially responsible for protecting the surrounding community from their tenants' criminal acts. For example, some states have laws that impose liability on landlords for renting property to drug dealers. There are also rules that punish landlords for not seeking eviction if a renter is doing something illegal. In increasing numbers, landlords are being brought to court by tenants that have been injured by criminals while in their rental properties. Settlements from these cases often reach into the millions of dollars, especially when a similar assault or crime occurred on the same rental property in the past. Are there ways that a landlord can limit their responsibility for the criminal acts of non-tenants? Yes, there are steps that a landlord can take that will not only lessen the chances of a crime being committed on the rental property but will also lessen the landlord's chance of being held liable for a crime being committed against their tenants. Thank you for subscribing! FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Learn more about FindLaw’s newsletters, including our terms of use and privacy policy.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/faq-landlord-responsibilities-criminal-activities.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218180270#3_2046768045
Title: FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities - FindLaw Headings: FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities What responsibilities does a landlord have for tenants' safety and security? Are there ways that a landlord can limit their responsibility for the criminal acts of non-tenants? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Can landlords face legal trouble for tenants that deal drugs on the rental property? Are there ways that a landlord can limit their responsibility for a tenant's criminal conduct? Get Legal Help With a Landlord's Responsibilities Regarding Criminal Activity Content: Settlements from these cases often reach into the millions of dollars, especially when a similar assault or crime occurred on the same rental property in the past. Are there ways that a landlord can limit their responsibility for the criminal acts of non-tenants? Yes, there are steps that a landlord can take that will not only lessen the chances of a crime being committed on the rental property but will also lessen the landlord's chance of being held liable for a crime being committed against their tenants. Thank you for subscribing! FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Learn more about FindLaw’s newsletters, including our terms of use and privacy policy. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Landlords should adhere to the following: Ensure that each one of their rental units meets or exceeds the safety laws for the area. For example, many jurisdictions require that all residential rental properties have a locking doorknob and a deadbolt. To limit potential liability, a landlord could ensure that all of these fixtures are in working order and also install a sliding chain lock.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/faq-landlord-responsibilities-criminal-activities.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218180270#4_2046770175
Title: FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities - FindLaw Headings: FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities FAQ -- Landlord Responsibilities: Criminal Activities What responsibilities does a landlord have for tenants' safety and security? Are there ways that a landlord can limit their responsibility for the criminal acts of non-tenants? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Can landlords face legal trouble for tenants that deal drugs on the rental property? Are there ways that a landlord can limit their responsibility for a tenant's criminal conduct? Get Legal Help With a Landlord's Responsibilities Regarding Criminal Activity Content: This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. Landlords should adhere to the following: Ensure that each one of their rental units meets or exceeds the safety laws for the area. For example, many jurisdictions require that all residential rental properties have a locking doorknob and a deadbolt. To limit potential liability, a landlord could ensure that all of these fixtures are in working order and also install a sliding chain lock. Give careful consideration to the crime scene in the area surrounding the rental properties, and create and install a security system that is designed to counteract popular crimes in the neighborhood. For example, if there has been a series of home break-ins through windows, a landlord may wish to install alarms or bars on accessible windows of all of the rental units in order to lessen their potential liability. Going along with the previous point, the landlord should also educate the tenants about the crime status in the neighborhood and provide training in any installed security systems. Ask tenants about any potential security or safety problems that may exist in the rental property. If there are any tenant complaints about potential safety problems, these should be handled immediately.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/faq-landlord-responsibilities-criminal-activities.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#0_2046920180
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw FindLaw Learn About The Law Real Estate Law Landlord Tenant Law Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Created by FindLaw's team of legal writers and editors | Last updated March 04, 2020 Landlord-tenant laws are different in every state. They also differ in different municipalities. Additionally, you may have duties coming from the lease and rental agreements. We address some common tenant concerns related to liability for tenant injuries below. For the laws specific to your state, see our state-by-state listing. Are landlord insurance policies available? Is a landlord liable for injuries to visitors? What kind of damages can a tenant receive? Are landlords liable for injuries that occur inside a rental unit? What is the best way for a landlord to minimize lawsuits?
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#1_2046922217
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: Are landlord insurance policies available? Is a landlord liable for injuries to visitors? What kind of damages can a tenant receive? Are landlords liable for injuries that occur inside a rental unit? What is the best way for a landlord to minimize lawsuits? In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? Yes. Just as there are insurance policies that pay landlords for damage or loss due to fire, flooding, earthquakes, and burglary, there are landlord insurance policies that can be purchased to cover damages from tenant injuries. While they are not cheap, comprehensive general liability policies are often necessary. This is particularly true for owners of multiple unit properties.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#2_2046924085
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? Yes. Just as there are insurance policies that pay landlords for damage or loss due to fire, flooding, earthquakes, and burglary, there are landlord insurance policies that can be purchased to cover damages from tenant injuries. While they are not cheap, comprehensive general liability policies are often necessary. This is particularly true for owners of multiple unit properties. These insurance policies cover financial damages resulting from defective property conditions. They also provide attorneys to defend you in lawsuits brought by renters. Like any insurance policy, you will want a policy large enough to at least cover the value of your property, as well as liability insurance for vehicles used by the business. When searching for insurance, an agent will inform you of different coverage packages. You should make sure to explore policies that cover common claims brought by tenants, including claims involving:
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#3_2046926240
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: These insurance policies cover financial damages resulting from defective property conditions. They also provide attorneys to defend you in lawsuits brought by renters. Like any insurance policy, you will want a policy large enough to at least cover the value of your property, as well as liability insurance for vehicles used by the business. When searching for insurance, an agent will inform you of different coverage packages. You should make sure to explore policies that cover common claims brought by tenants, including claims involving: Injury Invasion of privacy Slander Evictions If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? Landlords have a duty to: Properly maintain common areas Warn of hidden dangers which they are (or should be) aware of Make safe furnished dwellings on short term leases A landlord is only liable for the injuries of renters and visitors in circumstances where the landlord's negligence has caused the injuries in the above cases. Additionally, this negligence must be the direct cause of the injury. For example, let's say there is a broken step on the front stairwell of your apartment, so you use a properly functioning back stairwell that is well lit.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#4_2046928610
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: Injury Invasion of privacy Slander Evictions If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? Landlords have a duty to: Properly maintain common areas Warn of hidden dangers which they are (or should be) aware of Make safe furnished dwellings on short term leases A landlord is only liable for the injuries of renters and visitors in circumstances where the landlord's negligence has caused the injuries in the above cases. Additionally, this negligence must be the direct cause of the injury. For example, let's say there is a broken step on the front stairwell of your apartment, so you use a properly functioning back stairwell that is well lit. You fall and injure yourself. The landlord's negligence may not be deemed to be the direct cause of your injuries and the landlord might not be liable for damages. It's a much clearer case if you injure yourself while trying to use the broken front stairwell. For landlord liability to attach, the following must be proven: Thank you for subscribing!
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#5_2046930786
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: You fall and injure yourself. The landlord's negligence may not be deemed to be the direct cause of your injuries and the landlord might not be liable for damages. It's a much clearer case if you injure yourself while trying to use the broken front stairwell. For landlord liability to attach, the following must be proven: Thank you for subscribing! FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Learn more about FindLaw’s newsletters, including our terms of use and privacy policy. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. The landlord had a duty to fix the dangerous condition and breached his duty by not fixing it in a reasonable amount of time. For example, a broken step would not be required to be fixed in just an hour. Fixing the problem wouldn't have been unreasonably expensive or difficult (and the landlord had enough warning of the problem) The cause of the injury was the failure to repair the dangerous condition The damage that resulted (the injury) was serious and probable (i.e., foreseeable) The landlord's negligence directly caused the injury In order to hold the landlord liable, the tenant will have to prove each of the above elements.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#6_2046933147
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life Learn more about FindLaw’s newsletters, including our terms of use and privacy policy. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google Privacy Policy and Terms of Service apply. The landlord had a duty to fix the dangerous condition and breached his duty by not fixing it in a reasonable amount of time. For example, a broken step would not be required to be fixed in just an hour. Fixing the problem wouldn't have been unreasonably expensive or difficult (and the landlord had enough warning of the problem) The cause of the injury was the failure to repair the dangerous condition The damage that resulted (the injury) was serious and probable (i.e., foreseeable) The landlord's negligence directly caused the injury In order to hold the landlord liable, the tenant will have to prove each of the above elements. Take the example of the broken stairwell, above. Assume the tenant took the front stairwell, stepped on the broken step, injured himself, and that the step had been broken for several months. The tenant could prove: The landlord had the duty to fix, but did not Fixing the problem wouldn't have been unreasonably expensive — broken steps occur frequently and don't cost much If the landlord had fixed the condition, the tenant wouldn't have been injured Falling down and injuring yourself is serious and foreseeable The failure to fix or warn directly caused the injuries What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? If an injury satisfies the above criteria, tenants can sue for:
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#7_2046935862
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: Take the example of the broken stairwell, above. Assume the tenant took the front stairwell, stepped on the broken step, injured himself, and that the step had been broken for several months. The tenant could prove: The landlord had the duty to fix, but did not Fixing the problem wouldn't have been unreasonably expensive — broken steps occur frequently and don't cost much If the landlord had fixed the condition, the tenant wouldn't have been injured Falling down and injuring yourself is serious and foreseeable The failure to fix or warn directly caused the injuries What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? If an injury satisfies the above criteria, tenants can sue for: Medical bills Lost earnings Pain and suffering Disability or disfigurement Emotional distress Personal property damage — e.g., things that have been damaged as a result of the landlord's negligence. Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? Generally, no. Landlords are only responsible for the maintenance of common areas, warning of hidden dangers that they know about, and making safe furnished dwellings on short term leases. What happens inside a renter's home is their responsibility.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#8_2046938230
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: Medical bills Lost earnings Pain and suffering Disability or disfigurement Emotional distress Personal property damage — e.g., things that have been damaged as a result of the landlord's negligence. Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? Generally, no. Landlords are only responsible for the maintenance of common areas, warning of hidden dangers that they know about, and making safe furnished dwellings on short term leases. What happens inside a renter's home is their responsibility. The only exception would be where a landlord's faulty repair or workmanship caused the injury. Then the landlord may be liable for the defect. What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? The best way to avoid potential losses from injuries related to maintenance is, obviously, to keep your property in great shape. If you haven't done so already, prepare a written checklist and go through the common areas of the property as well as tenant units before tenants move in.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#9_2046940400
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: The only exception would be where a landlord's faulty repair or workmanship caused the injury. Then the landlord may be liable for the defect. What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? The best way to avoid potential losses from injuries related to maintenance is, obviously, to keep your property in great shape. If you haven't done so already, prepare a written checklist and go through the common areas of the property as well as tenant units before tenants move in. Go through the checklist on a regular basis and document the date and time each time you do so. No matter where problems may arise, either in common areas or tenant units, you should encourage tenants and employees to report any security or safety issues immediately. Keeping your own written record of all reports and when and how the problems were resolved. In addition, landlords should also clearly assign responsibilities for repair and maintenance in the lease or rental agreement. While major duties such as the safety of common areas cannot be passed off, a clear description of procedures to follow in the event that repairs are necessary can be helpful in avoiding lawsuits.
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1218240018#10_2046942702
Title: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords - FindLaw Headings: Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords Liability for Tenant Injuries and Insurance for Landlords In the Event a Tenant Sues for Injuries Suffered on the Property, Are There Insurance Policies Which Cover Landlords? If a Tenant or Visitor Is Injured on Property Owned by a Landlord, Is the Landlord Liable for the Injuries? FindLaw Newsletters Stay up-to-date with how the law affects your life What Kind of Damages Can a Tenant Receive From a Landlord? Are Landlords Liable for Injuries to Tenants and Visitors That Occur Inside of a Rental Unit? What Is the Best Way for a Landlord to Minimize Lawsuits From Tenant Injuries? Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Next Steps Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution Content: Go through the checklist on a regular basis and document the date and time each time you do so. No matter where problems may arise, either in common areas or tenant units, you should encourage tenants and employees to report any security or safety issues immediately. Keeping your own written record of all reports and when and how the problems were resolved. In addition, landlords should also clearly assign responsibilities for repair and maintenance in the lease or rental agreement. While major duties such as the safety of common areas cannot be passed off, a clear description of procedures to follow in the event that repairs are necessary can be helpful in avoiding lawsuits. Get Legal Help to Better Understand Landlord Liability for Tenant Injuries Whether you're an injured tenant or a landlord defending against a case where your tenant was injured on a rental property, it's a good idea to seek the advice of a lawyer before entering into a lawsuit. Contact a local landlord-tenant lawyer who can explain your state's landlord-tenant laws and represent you in court, if necessary. Next Steps Contact a qualified real estate attorney to help you navigate any landlord-tenant issues. Help Me Find a Do-It-Yourself Solution
http://realestate.findlaw.com/landlord-tenant-law/liability-for-tenant-injuries-and-insurance-for-landlords.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1225779974#6_2064256622
Title: Generational Warfare – Reason.com Headings: Generational Warfare Generational Warfare Old-age entitlements vs. the safety net Gourmet Cat Food Entitlements Forever The Myth of Mandatory Spending Who Pays? Underfunding the Future Old vs. Young Content: we would do what we needed to do to try to provide the resources they required to stay above poverty, to live as comfortably as we could afford. And that would cause a lot of difficult decisions in our lives, wouldn't it?" This rhetoric about entitlements freeing the young ignores the fact that they are hit with the cost of supporting their elders in every paycheck. Furthermore, when repurposing lines first uttered a half-century ago, today's politicians are also ignoring some very good news: The oldest among us are in remarkably good shape compared to graybeards of previous generations. Using consumption data, economists Bruce Meyer of the University of Chicago and James X. Sullivan of the University of Notre Dame have shown that people 65 and older have much lower poverty rates than most other demographic groups and that these rates have fallen sharply over the past 50 years. Writing for the New York Times website in November 2011, Meyer reminded us that "even over the past 10 years, those 65 and older with the lowest income are now living in bigger houses that are much more likely to be air conditioned and have appliances like a dishwasher and clothes dryer." Eighty-three percent of elderly households own a home, and 86 percent own a car. Seniors have more stuff and more wealth. According to 2010 combined data from 15 federal agencies on population trends, economics, and health issues, seniors' average net worth as of 2007 had increased almost 80 percent during the previous 20 years.
http://reason.com/archives/2012/07/23/generational-warfare
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1225823616#1_2064291290
Title: The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism – Reason.com Headings: The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism Regulation The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism There is no practical, objective way for an outside observer to define another individual's best interest. Content: Then Justice Milton Tingling struck down the initiative as arbitrary and capricious, and New Yorkers danced in Union Square to celebrate the right to drink what they want. But there is more wrong with Nanny Bloomberg's nudge than its restrictions on New Yorkers' freedom to hype up on two liters of Peach Snapple. In The Manipulation of Choice, a concise and straightforward manifesto for freeing individual choice from the public sector's influence, the College of Staten Island philosopher Mark D. White argues that there also practical reasons why these nudges towards "correct living" are poor public policy. The moral certitude that even the most progressive New Yorkers felt about Bloomberg's limits on the size and location of "unhealthy drinks" was palpable in the days before the law was set to take effect. But a similar ban on trans fats in 2007 was implemented to little real protest. And tight restrictions on where you can smoke outside have become something New Yorkers have learned to live with. The lack of moral concern for these other paternalistic laws is why White argues the critique of nudges and so-called "libertarian paternalism" needs to be more robust. The idea of libertarian paternalism was popularized five years ago by the legal theorist Cass Sunstein and the behavioral economist Richard Thaler, in their bestselling book Nudge. Sunstein and Thaler argue that policymakers can preserve an individual's liberty while still nudging him towards choices that are supposedly in his best interests. A classic example is having employees automatically enrolled in a 401 (k) retirement account, rather than asking employees to opt in to such a program.
http://reason.com/archives/2013/04/23/the-case-against-libertarian-paternalism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1225823616#2_2064293462
Title: The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism – Reason.com Headings: The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism Regulation The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism There is no practical, objective way for an outside observer to define another individual's best interest. Content: And tight restrictions on where you can smoke outside have become something New Yorkers have learned to live with. The lack of moral concern for these other paternalistic laws is why White argues the critique of nudges and so-called "libertarian paternalism" needs to be more robust. The idea of libertarian paternalism was popularized five years ago by the legal theorist Cass Sunstein and the behavioral economist Richard Thaler, in their bestselling book Nudge. Sunstein and Thaler argue that policymakers can preserve an individual's liberty while still nudging him towards choices that are supposedly in his best interests. A classic example is having employees automatically enrolled in a 401 (k) retirement account, rather than asking employees to opt in to such a program. The nudge doesn't stop employees from opting out, and it encourages people to invest in their future, which Sunsteing and Thaler think is in their best interests. To this, White replies that there is no practical, objective way for an outside observer—even a super-rational economist—to define another individual's best interest. And that undermines the very premise of libertarian paternalism. Sunstein and Thaler would say anyone who does not see the benefits of saving for retirement is suffering from a cognitive failure. Similarly, the Bloomberg attempt to limit the size and location of unhealthy drinks was predicated on the idea that sugary beverages are bad for us and that people who want to drink them aren't making wise choices.
http://reason.com/archives/2013/04/23/the-case-against-libertarian-paternalism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1225823616#5_2064299515
Title: The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism – Reason.com Headings: The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism Regulation The Case Against Libertarian Paternalism There is no practical, objective way for an outside observer to define another individual's best interest. Content: Depending on your preferences and risk appetite, the definition of behavior in accordance with your best interests will vary dramatically. White believes our behavior is also guided by hard-to-quantify principles, defined as "elements in decision-making that are not easily traded off against preferences and are not as responsive to opportunity cost as preferences." This argument is weaker, since principles are just strongly held preferences and are not necessarily impossible to quantify. It would be enough to say that economists simply don't have enough information about the preferences of individuals to decide what is in their best interests. As the economist F.A. Hayek observed, knowledge is so dispersed throughout society that no singular policymaker or advocacy group can collect enough information to fully understand how people would define their own preferences and principles. Practically speaking, therefore, nudges can't do what they are intended for—to design a system to help individuals overcome cognitive biases make choices in their best interests—because economists and policymakers can't understand the full range of motives that determine "best interest" when picking a retirement planning strategy to consuming a sugary beverage. Instead of helping people overcome cognitive weaknesses, policy makers are just nudging people towards the interests that policy makers prefer. " Libertarian" or not, paternalism is paternalism.
http://reason.com/archives/2013/04/23/the-case-against-libertarian-paternalism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1225853497#1_2064359437
Title: What Policing Should Look Like – Reason.com Headings: What Policing Should Look Like Michael Brown Shooting What Policing Should Look Like How can we build an ethical police force based upon the concept of Constitutional policing by consent? Content: How can we build an ethical police force based upon the concept of Constitutional policing by consent? All law enforcement officers take an oath of office. Most police departments have published codes of conduct, ethical standards, core principles, and other ideals intended to provide guidance to officers in their delivery of professional, compassionate, and constitutionally-framed community service. However, dependency on federal money has diminished the resolve of many police executives to uphold and defend the organizational doctrines they so proudly display above the portals of their buildings and on the home page on their websites. Instead they have been motivated to support a status quo that has served to suck dry the reservoir of community goodwill essential to effective policing. In order to refill that reservoir of goodwill, we first need to dip into the values elucidated by Robert Peel in the 19th century. Here are Peel's "Nine Principles of Policing": To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force and severity of legal punishment. To recognise always that the power of the police to fulfil their functions and duties is dependent on public approval of their existence, actions and behaviour, and on their ability to secure and maintain public respect. To recognise always that to secure and maintain the respect and approval of the public means also the securing of the willing co-operation of the public in the task of securing observance of laws.
http://reason.com/archives/2014/09/02/what-american-policing-should-look-like
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1225853497#2_2064361425
Title: What Policing Should Look Like – Reason.com Headings: What Policing Should Look Like Michael Brown Shooting What Policing Should Look Like How can we build an ethical police force based upon the concept of Constitutional policing by consent? Content: In order to refill that reservoir of goodwill, we first need to dip into the values elucidated by Robert Peel in the 19th century. Here are Peel's "Nine Principles of Policing": To prevent crime and disorder, as an alternative to their repression by military force and severity of legal punishment. To recognise always that the power of the police to fulfil their functions and duties is dependent on public approval of their existence, actions and behaviour, and on their ability to secure and maintain public respect. To recognise always that to secure and maintain the respect and approval of the public means also the securing of the willing co-operation of the public in the task of securing observance of laws. To recognise always that the extent to which the co-operation of the public can be secured diminishes proportionately the necessity of the use of physical force and compulsion for achieving police objectives. To seek and preserve public favour, not by pandering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial service to law, in complete independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of individual laws, by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of the public without regard to their wealth or social standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humour, and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life. To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be insufficient to obtain public co-operation to an extent necessary to secure observance of law or to restore order, and to use only the minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective. To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and that the public are the police, the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence. To recognise always the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions, and to refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers of the judiciary of avenging individuals or the State, and of authoritatively judging guilt and punishing the guilty.
http://reason.com/archives/2014/09/02/what-american-policing-should-look-like
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1225853497#3_2064364304
Title: What Policing Should Look Like – Reason.com Headings: What Policing Should Look Like Michael Brown Shooting What Policing Should Look Like How can we build an ethical police force based upon the concept of Constitutional policing by consent? Content: To recognise always that the extent to which the co-operation of the public can be secured diminishes proportionately the necessity of the use of physical force and compulsion for achieving police objectives. To seek and preserve public favour, not by pandering to public opinion, but by constantly demonstrating absolutely impartial service to law, in complete independence of policy, and without regard to the justice or injustice of the substance of individual laws, by ready offering of individual service and friendship to all members of the public without regard to their wealth or social standing, by ready exercise of courtesy and friendly good humour, and by ready offering of individual sacrifice in protecting and preserving life. To use physical force only when the exercise of persuasion, advice, and warning is found to be insufficient to obtain public co-operation to an extent necessary to secure observance of law or to restore order, and to use only the minimum degree of physical force which is necessary on any particular occasion for achieving a police objective. To maintain at all times a relationship with the public that gives reality to the historic tradition that the police are the public and that the public are the police, the police being only members of the public who are paid to give full-time attention to duties which are incumbent on every citizen in the interests of community welfare and existence. To recognise always the need for strict adherence to police-executive functions, and to refrain from even seeming to usurp the powers of the judiciary of avenging individuals or the State, and of authoritatively judging guilt and punishing the guilty. To recognise always that the test of police efficiency is the absence of crime and disorder, and not the visible evidence of police action in dealing with them. Using Peel as the foundation for building an ethical, Constitutional police force, we should reshape the landscape of American policing with immediate reforms that include: Ending the war on drugs. Prohibiting the use of local police resources to "partner" with the federal government in programs that divert police resources away from matters of public safety in favor of federal policy. Ending federal programs, such as the 1033 program, that provide materials, training, and equipment to local law enforcement.
http://reason.com/archives/2014/09/02/what-american-policing-should-look-like
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1226787486#17_2066737939
Title: The 12 Steps of The Lean StartUp Business Plan Headings: The 12 Steps of The Lean StartUp Business Plan The 12 Steps of The Lean StartUp Business Plan 1. Starting Your Business Idea 2. Defining Your Vision 3. Learning 4. Experimenting With Your Business Idea 5. Take a Leap of Faith 6. Testing Your Startup Idea 7. Measuring Your Results 8. How and When to Pivot 9. Working with Small Batches 10. Sustaining Growth 11. Adapting to New Circumstances 12. A Culture of Innovation Speak Your Mind Cancel reply Content: By meeting the demands of this small section of the market, you get an idea of what the larger marketplace will demand; it prepares you for a successful launch. One of the popular ways to test the waters is to offer your early adopters a free trial. If the product in its minimal form is altogether unsuccessful, then you can go back to the drawing board and rework it to avert a wholesale failure. 7. Measuring Your Results In other words, what does your testing tell you? You will need effective ways of analyzing the data gathered by testing your product. You will need to implement means of discovering what your customers like about their experience and what they do not. The method of measurement and what you measure will differ according to your business-type, but you will have to first learn which metrics you need and to have the appropriate methods in place to get them. If the metrics indicate a negative response from the market, then the goal will be to find out from your customers what they really want.
http://rebelgrowth.com/the-lean-startup-business-plan/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1228445063#7_2068843632
Title: ReCAPP: Theories & Approaches: Adolescent Development: Aspects Headings: Theories & Approaches Theories & Approaches Adolescent Development: Aspects Physical Development Cognitive Development Emotional Development Social Development Behavioral Development Content: Begin to consider future careers and occupations. Look to peers and media for information and advice. Begin to develop a social conscience: becoming concerned about social issues such as racism, global warming and poverty. Develop a sense of values and ethical behavior: recognizing the value of traits such as honesty, helpfulness, caring for others. As adolescents begin to exercise their new reasoning skills, some of their behaviors may be confusing for adults. It is normal for them to: Argue for the sake of arguing. Jump to conclusions.
http://recapp.etr.org/recapp/index.cfm?fuseaction=pages.TheoriesDetail&PageID=336
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1231273825#0_2075651618
Title: Pork Schnitzel | HowStuffWorks Headings: Pork Schnitzel Pork Schnitzel Yield Ingredients Preparation Nutritional Information Dietary Exchange Content: Pork Schnitzel | HowStuffWorks Advertisement HowStuffWorks Lifestyle Food Recipes Cuisine European Pork Schnitzel by the Editors of Publications International, Ltd. Pork Schnitzel the Editors of Publications International, Ltd. Pork Schnitzel Prep and Cook Time 20 minutes Yield Makes 4 servings Ingredients 4 boneless pork chops, cut 1/4 inch thick 1/2 cup cornflake or cracker crumbs 1 egg, lightly beaten Black pepper 2 to 4 teaspoons olive oil, divided 1/3 cup lemon juice 1/4 cup chicken broth Preparation Preheat oven to 200°F. Place ovenproof platter or baking sheet in oven. Trim fat from pork chops. Place pork chops between layers of waxed paper; pound with smooth side of mallet to 1/8-inch thickness. Place crumbs in medium bowl. Dip 1 pork chop at a time in egg; gently shake off excess. Dip in crumbs to coat both sides. Place breaded pork chops in single layer on plate.
http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/pork-schnitzel-recipe.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1231273825#1_2075652882
Title: Pork Schnitzel | HowStuffWorks Headings: Pork Schnitzel Pork Schnitzel Yield Ingredients Preparation Nutritional Information Dietary Exchange Content: Place crumbs in medium bowl. Dip 1 pork chop at a time in egg; gently shake off excess. Dip in crumbs to coat both sides. Place breaded pork chops in single layer on plate. Sprinkle with pepper. Heat 2 teaspoons oil in large skillet over medium-high heat until hot. Add pork chops in single layer in batches if necessary. Cook 1 minute or until golden brown. Turn;
http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/pork-schnitzel-recipe.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1231273825#2_2075653591
Title: Pork Schnitzel | HowStuffWorks Headings: Pork Schnitzel Pork Schnitzel Yield Ingredients Preparation Nutritional Information Dietary Exchange Content: Sprinkle with pepper. Heat 2 teaspoons oil in large skillet over medium-high heat until hot. Add pork chops in single layer in batches if necessary. Cook 1 minute or until golden brown. Turn; cook 1 minute or until golden brown and pork is no longer pink in center. Transfer to platter in oven to keep warm. Remove skillet from heat. Add lemon juice and broth. Stir to scrape cooked bits from bottom of pan.
http://recipes.howstuffworks.com/pork-schnitzel-recipe.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#0_2089505486
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Home Alisha Jenny Melanie Eduardo Kevin History Upcoming Events Repertoire Program Notes New Pics Pics Past Members Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Melanie Morley October 25, 2003 The woodwind quintet is comprised of the four principal woodwinds from the orchestra: flute, oboe, clarinet, and bassoon; and one brass instrument, the horn. Although most of the attention given to instrumental chamber music is aimed towards the string quartet, the woodwind quintet has both a history and a collection of music that is worth recognizing. This specific instrumentation took quite some time to develop through chamber and orchestral-music evolution. During the middle ages there was a strong tendency towards strictly vocal music. According to Ernest Meyer, The 16 th century was a time of fierce religious and social struggle. In all such times the emphasis in vocal music laid upon the words (and text in general) becomes stronger. In all countries the movements of the Reformation and Counter-Reformation alike endeavored to convey their messages through the medium of vocal music… [1] Because of this, instrumental music was not emphasized until later. Although the first music to be written strictly for instruments were dances used for entertainment, instruments were also used in vocal chamber music.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#3_2089509874
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: The nucleus of the Harmonie was a pair of horns, beneath which were bassoons (in early Harmoniemusic where there was only a single part two players would commonly play in unison) and above a pair of treble instruments, usually oboes or clarinets; by the 1780’s it was standard practice to employ both oboes and clarinets in an octet Harmonie. Flutes, English horns and basset-horns were also occasionally used as alternatives or in addition. [ 2] The octet was first used in central Europe by Prince Schwarzenber, but the ensemble was used extensively in the Vienna court of Joseph II around 1782. [ 3] Although this ensemble was used in courts and for outside performances, it did not flourish as the string quartet did. One of the reasons for this was that the wind instruments were technically highly-flawed and difficult to control. With technical advances in instrument making, composers were able to write more virtuosic passages as well as discontinue the practice of instrument doubling. The first composer to write for a wind quintet was Franz Anton Rösler, better known as Francesco Antonio Rosetti (1750–1792). Rosetti was a Bohemian-Bavarian composer whose main compositional activity was from 1773 to 1789, after he renounced his vows as a secular priest. [ 4] He served Prince Kraft Enrst of Oetttingen-Wallerstein in Bavaria during this time;
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#4_2089511539
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: One of the reasons for this was that the wind instruments were technically highly-flawed and difficult to control. With technical advances in instrument making, composers were able to write more virtuosic passages as well as discontinue the practice of instrument doubling. The first composer to write for a wind quintet was Franz Anton Rösler, better known as Francesco Antonio Rosetti (1750–1792). Rosetti was a Bohemian-Bavarian composer whose main compositional activity was from 1773 to 1789, after he renounced his vows as a secular priest. [ 4] He served Prince Kraft Enrst of Oetttingen-Wallerstein in Bavaria during this time; his court had a large number of wind players in the orchestra. “ A flood of symphonies, instrumental concertos, wind chamber music and sonatas give testimony to the beneficial effects of the early years at Wallersein.” [ 5] Rosetti wrote twenty-six pieces for wind ensemble. Included in these works was Partita in E-flat, K. 2b:17, a work scored for flute, oboe, bassoon, clarinet, and English horn. Because of the fact that the piece includes English horn instead of the traditional French horn, it is not a woodwind quintet by today’s standards, but it is the first documented work to utilize a combination of five winds, specifically orchestrated in this manner.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#5_2089513154
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: his court had a large number of wind players in the orchestra. “ A flood of symphonies, instrumental concertos, wind chamber music and sonatas give testimony to the beneficial effects of the early years at Wallersein.” [ 5] Rosetti wrote twenty-six pieces for wind ensemble. Included in these works was Partita in E-flat, K. 2b:17, a work scored for flute, oboe, bassoon, clarinet, and English horn. Because of the fact that the piece includes English horn instead of the traditional French horn, it is not a woodwind quintet by today’s standards, but it is the first documented work to utilize a combination of five winds, specifically orchestrated in this manner. Modern arrangements of this piece have substituted the horn for the English horn. Because the work is at such an early stage of instrumental writing, the technical possibilities of each instrument are not exploited. The fast passages are short and diatonic and the range of each instrument is narrow. The bassoon is used as an accompanying instrument to the other winds, and the flute carries most of the melody. The first composer to write for the modern wind quintet was Giovanni Giuseppe Cambini (1746–1825).
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#6_2089514639
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: Modern arrangements of this piece have substituted the horn for the English horn. Because the work is at such an early stage of instrumental writing, the technical possibilities of each instrument are not exploited. The fast passages are short and diatonic and the range of each instrument is narrow. The bassoon is used as an accompanying instrument to the other winds, and the flute carries most of the melody. The first composer to write for the modern wind quintet was Giovanni Giuseppe Cambini (1746–1825). He wrote three works for the woodwind quintet entitled Quintetti Concertans “which were dedicated to Jean Xavier Lefevre, a clarinet teacher on the Paris Conservatory staff from 1748 to 1825.” [ 6] Each piece is brief and does not challenge the instrumentalists to the full extent possible. He treated the quintet much as he would have a string quartet, and tried to blend all five of the unique sounds together instead of allowing differences in timbre to make the piece more interesting. Just as in the works of Rosetti, Cambini utilized only the middle register of each instrument. Cambini did give soloistic lines to each instrument, including the bassoon, but it was in the form of solo and accompaniment, with the solo being traded between voices.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#7_2089516208
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: He wrote three works for the woodwind quintet entitled Quintetti Concertans “which were dedicated to Jean Xavier Lefevre, a clarinet teacher on the Paris Conservatory staff from 1748 to 1825.” [ 6] Each piece is brief and does not challenge the instrumentalists to the full extent possible. He treated the quintet much as he would have a string quartet, and tried to blend all five of the unique sounds together instead of allowing differences in timbre to make the piece more interesting. Just as in the works of Rosetti, Cambini utilized only the middle register of each instrument. Cambini did give soloistic lines to each instrument, including the bassoon, but it was in the form of solo and accompaniment, with the solo being traded between voices. Franz Danzi (1763–1826) was the composer son of Innocenz Danzi. Danzi was a cellist in the courts of Munich and Württemburg and the Kapellmeister in Karlsruhe. “ Although his public career, like that of most court musicians, revolved around his work for the operatic stage, Danzi composed in all major genres. From the early 1790s until 1825 he published chamber and orchestral works.” [ 7] Opus 56,67, and 68 are wind quintets and the best known of Danzi’s compositions.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#8_2089517759
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: Franz Danzi (1763–1826) was the composer son of Innocenz Danzi. Danzi was a cellist in the courts of Munich and Württemburg and the Kapellmeister in Karlsruhe. “ Although his public career, like that of most court musicians, revolved around his work for the operatic stage, Danzi composed in all major genres. From the early 1790s until 1825 he published chamber and orchestral works.” [ 7] Opus 56,67, and 68 are wind quintets and the best known of Danzi’s compositions. Just as the previous composers’ works for wind quintet, Danzi does not take advantage of the full ranges and technical capabilities of the instruments. The few technical passages in these works are scalar or arpeggiated chords and are limited to the flute and clarinet. Again, Danzi did not experiment with different combinations of instruments and he kept the pieces in common meters. If Haydn was the father of the string quartet, Anton Reicha (1770–1836) is the father of the woodwind quintet. Reicha was a Czech composer who was active in all aspects of music in both France and Austria.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#9_2089519145
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: Just as the previous composers’ works for wind quintet, Danzi does not take advantage of the full ranges and technical capabilities of the instruments. The few technical passages in these works are scalar or arpeggiated chords and are limited to the flute and clarinet. Again, Danzi did not experiment with different combinations of instruments and he kept the pieces in common meters. If Haydn was the father of the string quartet, Anton Reicha (1770–1836) is the father of the woodwind quintet. Reicha was a Czech composer who was active in all aspects of music in both France and Austria. Reicha was adopted by his uncle-a virtuoso cellist, concert director, and composer-after the death of his father only ten months after he was born. “ After the family moved to Bonn in 1785, Reicha played the violin and the flute (his main instrument) in the Hofkapelle under his uncle’s direction, alongside Beethoven and C.G. Neefe.” [ 8] In 1789 he entered Bonn University where he met Haydn. When he moved to Hamburg, because of the French invasion of Bonn, he vowed not to perform any more and instead taught piano, harmony, and composition. In 1881 he became professor at the Paris Conservatoire, and in 1835 successor to Boieldieu.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#10_2089520686
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: Reicha was adopted by his uncle-a virtuoso cellist, concert director, and composer-after the death of his father only ten months after he was born. “ After the family moved to Bonn in 1785, Reicha played the violin and the flute (his main instrument) in the Hofkapelle under his uncle’s direction, alongside Beethoven and C.G. Neefe.” [ 8] In 1789 he entered Bonn University where he met Haydn. When he moved to Hamburg, because of the French invasion of Bonn, he vowed not to perform any more and instead taught piano, harmony, and composition. In 1881 he became professor at the Paris Conservatoire, and in 1835 successor to Boieldieu. Today, Reicha is best known for his treatises in theory and his woodwind quintets. His most important treatises Traité de haute composition displayed Reicha’s thoughts that counterpoint was almost synonymous with harmony. “Reicha’s actual predilection was for chamber music, but he also wrote a few operas, which explains some of the operatic passages in his chamber music.” [ 9] Reicha wrote twenty-four woodwind quintets in four sets of six, opus number 88, 91, 99, and 100. These works were composed between 1810 and 1820 and were widely performed during this period.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#11_2089522226
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: Today, Reicha is best known for his treatises in theory and his woodwind quintets. His most important treatises Traité de haute composition displayed Reicha’s thoughts that counterpoint was almost synonymous with harmony. “Reicha’s actual predilection was for chamber music, but he also wrote a few operas, which explains some of the operatic passages in his chamber music.” [ 9] Reicha wrote twenty-four woodwind quintets in four sets of six, opus number 88, 91, 99, and 100. These works were composed between 1810 and 1820 and were widely performed during this period. Reicha said of his quintets At the time there was a dearth not only of good classic music but of any good music for wind instruments, simply because the composers knew little of their technique. The effects which a combination of these instruments could produce had not been explored…instruments have been perfected by the addition of keys, but there was no worth while music to show their possibilities. Such was the state of affairs when I conceived the idea of writing a quintet for a combination of the five principal wind instruments (flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon). [ 10] Reicha’s treatment of the instruments separated his works from those of earlier composers. Each voice was important:
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#12_2089523834
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: Reicha said of his quintets At the time there was a dearth not only of good classic music but of any good music for wind instruments, simply because the composers knew little of their technique. The effects which a combination of these instruments could produce had not been explored…instruments have been perfected by the addition of keys, but there was no worth while music to show their possibilities. Such was the state of affairs when I conceived the idea of writing a quintet for a combination of the five principal wind instruments (flute, oboe, clarinet, horn, and bassoon). [ 10] Reicha’s treatment of the instruments separated his works from those of earlier composers. Each voice was important: the bassoon was no longer an accompanying instrument. He used the ranges of each instrument more fully and moved away from strictly diatonic and arpeggiated passages. The combinations of instruments within the quintet were explored in these quintets so that different timbres were created. “ His treatment of the instruments was not the only different quality in his quintets. Rather than using all of the voices all of the time in a homophonic style, he exposes the various themes in different voices, with a varied combination of accompanying instruments.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1238137522#13_2089525407
Title: Early Development of the Woodwind Ensemble Headings: The Early Development of the Wind Quintet Content: the bassoon was no longer an accompanying instrument. He used the ranges of each instrument more fully and moved away from strictly diatonic and arpeggiated passages. The combinations of instruments within the quintet were explored in these quintets so that different timbres were created. “ His treatment of the instruments was not the only different quality in his quintets. Rather than using all of the voices all of the time in a homophonic style, he exposes the various themes in different voices, with a varied combination of accompanying instruments. Reicha experimented with the forms and keys as well as the rhythms and tonalities in all his works.” [ 11] Each of the quintets has four movements as was customary during this time. The first movements were in sonata-allegro form. Most of the quintets followed the key relationships that were standard during this time: relative major or minor keys or the subdominant or dominant for the second movements, for example.
http://redwinds-quintet.tripod.com/id10.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1251308465#5_2111403700
Title: Psychosis Headings: Content: He believed that the professional psychiatrist or psychologist often unconsciously identifies the person being diagnosed as having some manifestation of their own ( the professional's) inner, unrecognized behavior or quality they ( the professional) cannot accept and/or denies in themselves. He referred to this common practice as a "reciprocal projection system." This, of course has little to do with the so-called "patient." Yet, this is what occurs in most every encounter with "mental health" professionals or "mental health" treatment teams, with few exceptions. A person, judged as "psychotic," is psychologically and physically abused by the so-called "mental health" professions, forced to take pharmaceuticals (under a judges order), some with devastating health effects. Or, forcefully (under a judges order) is subjected to electric shock treatments destructive to their central nervous systems. It has become clear that most psychologists, psychiatrists, and other "mental health" professionals and judges do not understand a person in psychotic process. The professsional community continues to make the case that psychosis is something within a person, denying that it is a reaction to a toxic environment. This misplaced logic becomes clear when one develops a relationship with and talks with folks who have been judged as psychotic. A 12 year National Institute of Mental Health funded study established that those diagnosed with psychosis do better on discharge to the community.
http://relatedness.org/psychosis.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1254707622#1_2116536853
Title: Five common characteristics of child sexual offenders: Eliminating the edge Headings: Five common characteristics of child sexual offenders: Eliminating the edge Five common characteristics of child sexual offenders: Eliminating the edge Learning how offenders think and act is the first step in making our faith communities safe from those who pose a risk to our little ones. Posted in Content: Learning how offenders think and act is the first step in making our faith communities safe from those who pose a risk to our little ones. This post will examine 5 common behavioral characteristics of child sexual offenders that we must understood if we are committed to eliminating their edge: Offenders have many victims : We need to understand that most child offenders have multiple victims. One study indicates that child molesters who sexually victimize females outside of the home averaged approximately 20 different victims. That same study found that child molesters who sexually victimize males outside of the home averaged approximately 150 different victims! The importance of knowing this gravely disturbing information is to understand that those who sexually victimize children will continue to do so as long as they have access to children. It is not just the “known” offenders that must keep us vigilant. The fact that most offenders have multiple victims means that most offenders in our midst have never been caught. Our faith communities eliminate the edge from offenders when we create environments that minimize the opportunities of any adult to access any child without strict supervision and ongoing accountability.
http://religionnews.com/2014/06/13/five-basic-characteristics-child-sexual-offenders-eliminating-edge/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#0_2126323063
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US BY LEUREN MORET RADIOACTIVE TIMES VOL. 6 NO. 2 March 2008 RIVERBANKS AND COASTLINES HAVE HIGHEST CANCER RATES Fresh water has higher concentrations of radionuclides than seawater because there is a greater dilution factor in seawater, and salts in seawater control uptake of radionuclides. It is clear that dilution is not the solution to pollution. Dumping radioactive contaminated materials into bodies of water has a boomerang effect. It is not long before the radiation is washing back up on riverbanks and shorelines. In fact, in the first cancer mapping survey in history (1850-60) in the Lake District of Britain, Alfred Haviland reported that the highest cancer rates (from natural background radiation) were along riverbanks and shorelines providing a strong environmental link to cancer before manmade radiation was introduced into the environment after 1900. Pre-1900 cancer rates represent the true baseline for cancer studies. The chance discovery of an abstract in the Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, "Radiocesium in North San Francisco Bay and Baja California coastal surface waters", provided me with an answer to a puzzling question about breast cancer. Hundreds of millions of dollars have been spent by the University of California to identify the cause of what may be the highest breast cancer rates in the United States in Marin County, California, just north of San Francisco.
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#1_2126324802
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: It is not long before the radiation is washing back up on riverbanks and shorelines. In fact, in the first cancer mapping survey in history (1850-60) in the Lake District of Britain, Alfred Haviland reported that the highest cancer rates (from natural background radiation) were along riverbanks and shorelines providing a strong environmental link to cancer before manmade radiation was introduced into the environment after 1900. Pre-1900 cancer rates represent the true baseline for cancer studies. The chance discovery of an abstract in the Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, "Radiocesium in North San Francisco Bay and Baja California coastal surface waters", provided me with an answer to a puzzling question about breast cancer. Hundreds of millions of dollars have been spent by the University of California to identify the cause of what may be the highest breast cancer rates in the United States in Marin County, California, just north of San Francisco. Fig. 1: San Francisco Bay Area, with Marin County in upper left corner. Even more surprising, the radiocesium reported in the paper had been measured by the Lawrence Livermore Nuclear Weapons Lab, from the north end of San Francisco Bay to the coastal waters at the tip of Baja California, Mexico. By mapping the pattern of breast cancer in Marin County, I identified the San Francisco Bay shoreline of the Marin County peninsula as the environment where the highest rates of breast cancer occur in the county.
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#2_2126326551
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: Fig. 1: San Francisco Bay Area, with Marin County in upper left corner. Even more surprising, the radiocesium reported in the paper had been measured by the Lawrence Livermore Nuclear Weapons Lab, from the north end of San Francisco Bay to the coastal waters at the tip of Baja California, Mexico. By mapping the pattern of breast cancer in Marin County, I identified the San Francisco Bay shoreline of the Marin County peninsula as the environment where the highest rates of breast cancer occur in the county. The deepest part of San Francisco Bay is offshore from Marin, and the highest volume of sediment-laden water passes through this area each day with the tides. The lowest breast cancer rates are along the Pacific coastline of Marin. The spatial distribution of breast cancer made it clear that there had to be an environmental cause. Large areas of mudflats and estuaries along the bay side shoreline of Marin, like the Welsh seacoast, provide a low energy environment for radioactive contaminated fine sediments to settle out. CONTAMINATION OF REGIONAL WATER SUPPLIES Most of the fresh water coming into San Francisco Bay is from the Sierra Nevada Mountains east of the California coastline, a very high mountain range running north and south along the border with Nevada.
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#3_2126328101
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: The deepest part of San Francisco Bay is offshore from Marin, and the highest volume of sediment-laden water passes through this area each day with the tides. The lowest breast cancer rates are along the Pacific coastline of Marin. The spatial distribution of breast cancer made it clear that there had to be an environmental cause. Large areas of mudflats and estuaries along the bay side shoreline of Marin, like the Welsh seacoast, provide a low energy environment for radioactive contaminated fine sediments to settle out. CONTAMINATION OF REGIONAL WATER SUPPLIES Most of the fresh water coming into San Francisco Bay is from the Sierra Nevada Mountains east of the California coastline, a very high mountain range running north and south along the border with Nevada. The soils of the Sierras are now contaminated with radioactive materials from nuclear bomb testing, Chernobyl, and the emissions from the Rancho Seco nuclear power plant, which operated east of San Francisco until it was shut down in 1989. Most of the drinking water for the San Francisco Bay area comes from the Sierras. Approximately 95% of the radioactive emissions from Rancho Seco were rained and snowed out into the Sierra Nevada Mountains. During the lawsuit, which eventually shut down Rancho Seco nuclear power plant in 1989, the citizens who owned the Sacramento municipal power company contracted with Lawrence Livermore nuclear weapons lab to measure fission product emissions in the Rancho Seco environment. I obtained the Livermore radiation reports and communications with lawyers, from Dr. Ernest J. Sternglass who had been an expert witness on the lawsuit.
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#6_2126333886
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: This has been a chronic and cumulative source of low-level radiation washing up daily on the San Francisco Bay side of the Marin shoreline for at least 60 years ­ since bomb testing started. The European Committee on Radiation Risk (ECRR) report has stated that chronic exposure to low-level radiation is "up to 1000 times more biologically damaging than the ICRP standards and risk model predict". The ICRP standards and risk model are based on the Hiroshima and Nagasaki Atomic Bomb studies, which were deceptively conducted by the U.S. Government. Radiocesium is just one of hundreds of radionuclides produced in the fission process, which means far more radiation has been washing through north San Francisco Bay than the 1 Curie of cesium reported in the Livermore report. Even worse, the public health impact from global pollution by depleted uranium, was not officially measured or reported from bomb testing, but someone must have been monitoring it. All atomic and hydrogen bombs have large amounts of depleted uranium packed as "tamping" around the small plutonium core weighing less than 20 lbs. A global diabetes epidemic is the result primarily of the uranium pollution which is particularly damaging to the pancreas and insulin function. Pancreatic cancer mortality in Japanese males increased 12-fold between 1945 and 1965, during the peak of atmospheric testing. Fig. 2:
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#9_2126339246
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: When the mud samples from the Marin County bay side shoreline and the Pacific coastline are analyzed, low-level radiation from the Sierras will be identified as the cause of what may be the highest breast cancer incidence in the United States. High rates of autism also occur in areas, between the Sierras and Marin County, in low energy environments where swampy still water and mudflats occur and are recharged with contaminated water washing down from the Sierras. Radiation in the environment has a cumulative effect. I'M THE "MOUSE LADY" The University of California, as the unchallenged manager for 61 years of the nuclear weapons program at Los Alamos National Lab, Lawrence Livermore Lab, and Lawrence Berkeley Lab, has received billions of dollars to make a global radioactive environmental mess, hundreds of millions of dollars more to "study" the breast cancer clusters in Marin County, and has still failed to identify the cause. Yet, during a breast cancer conference on January 21, 2006, by the Bay Area Breast Cancer and Environmental Research Center (BABCERC), Dr. Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff from the Lawrence Berkeley Lab, who introduced herself as "the mouse lady", stated very clearly during her presentation to 600 women, that "radiation is the only known cause of breast cancer in mice". She spoke repeatedly in her talk about her experiments on mice, saying "Radiation is the only known cause of breast cancer in mice and that is why I use it to cause breast cancer in mice." She said they never identified the cause of breast cancer in women. THE MOUSE THAT ROARED When it was time for questions, I held up an enlarged breast cancer map using US Government data, which identified a 100-mile radius from nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons labs as the location of 2/3 of all breast cancer deaths in the United States from 1985-89. Fig. 3:
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#10_2126341393
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: She spoke repeatedly in her talk about her experiments on mice, saying "Radiation is the only known cause of breast cancer in mice and that is why I use it to cause breast cancer in mice." She said they never identified the cause of breast cancer in women. THE MOUSE THAT ROARED When it was time for questions, I held up an enlarged breast cancer map using US Government data, which identified a 100-mile radius from nuclear power plants and nuclear weapons labs as the location of 2/3 of all breast cancer deaths in the United States from 1985-89. Fig. 3: Left ­ High-risk counties within 100 miles of nuclear reactors where 2/3 of breast cancer deaths occurred 1985-1989. Source: J. Gould, The Enemy Within: The High Cost of Living Near Nuclear Reactors, Four Walls Eight Windows, NY/London (1996), p.187. Right - Nuclear power plant locations in the U.S. Source:
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#11_2126342524
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: Left ­ High-risk counties within 100 miles of nuclear reactors where 2/3 of breast cancer deaths occurred 1985-1989. Source: J. Gould, The Enemy Within: The High Cost of Living Near Nuclear Reactors, Four Walls Eight Windows, NY/London (1996), p.187. Right - Nuclear power plant locations in the U.S. Source: "The Madness of Nuclear Energy", The Ecologist, Vol. 29 No. 7, November 1999, back cover. I asked the speaker, Dr. Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff, if BABCERC was investigating radiation as a cause of breast cancer around these sites. She quickly replied, "Oh, I'm a microbiologist!"
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#12_2126343374
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: "The Madness of Nuclear Energy", The Ecologist, Vol. 29 No. 7, November 1999, back cover. I asked the speaker, Dr. Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff, if BABCERC was investigating radiation as a cause of breast cancer around these sites. She quickly replied, "Oh, I'm a microbiologist!" distancing herself from exposing radiation as the obvious cause. The University of California will forever be known as the University that poisoned the world. References Haviland, A., The geographical distribution of heart disease and dropsy, cancer in females and phthisis in females in England and Wales, London: Swan Schonnenschein, 1875. Volpe, A.M., B.B. Bandong, B.K. Esser, G.M. Bianchini, "Radiocesium in North San Francisco Bay and Baja California coastal surface waters", Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 60 (2002) 365-380.
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1260722984#13_2126344458
Title: Why Marin County Has The Highest Breast Cancer Rates In The US Headings: Content: distancing herself from exposing radiation as the obvious cause. The University of California will forever be known as the University that poisoned the world. References Haviland, A., The geographical distribution of heart disease and dropsy, cancer in females and phthisis in females in England and Wales, London: Swan Schonnenschein, 1875. Volpe, A.M., B.B. Bandong, B.K. Esser, G.M. Bianchini, "Radiocesium in North San Francisco Bay and Baja California coastal surface waters", Journal of Environmental Radioactivity, 60 (2002) 365-380. http://www.mindfully.org/Nucs/2002/Radiocesium-San-Francisco-Bay16mar02.htm Laurie, J., "Alarming breast cancer rates in northern California county", World Socialist Web, Oct. 31, 2002. http://www.wsws.org/articles/2002/oct2002/canc-o31.shtml Volpe, et al., 2002. "ECRR: 2003 Recommendations of the European Committee on Radiation Risk", Regulator's Edit.:
http://rense.com/general81/whym.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1272869278#11_2147700335
Title: What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 Headings: What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me – RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me – RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 Follow & Subscribe to Resourceful Designer Apple Podcasts Google Podcasts Spotify Podcast RSS Twitter Facebook Instagram Android Apple App Store Google Play Store Celebrating 100 episodes of Resourceful Designer. My life as a graphic designer So many opportunities to learn There are some drawbacks to being a designer We're lucky to be designers What does being a graphic designer mean to you? 100th episode contest. We have a winner! Subscribe to the podcast Contact me I want to help you. Content: Almost everywhere I look there is something that was thought up by a designer. Magazines on the rack, graphic t-shirts on the people around me, greeting cards handed out on special occasions, the products on grocery store shelves. All of these can be admired and learned from. There are some drawbacks to being a designer Of course being a designer isn't all unicorns and rainbows. There's the frustration when a client doesn't see the vision in an amazing design I create for them. There's also the way seeing a bad design choice can affect me more than it does non-designers. Something like bad kerning will stand out like a sore thumb to me when others won't even notice it. There are the time losses I experience while emersed in a design project. Before I know it it's dinner time, and I realize that I never even had lunch. How many other professions experience any of these?
http://resourcefuldesigner.com/what-being-a-graphic-designer-means-to-me-rd100/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1272869278#12_2147702223
Title: What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 Headings: What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me – RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me – RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 Follow & Subscribe to Resourceful Designer Apple Podcasts Google Podcasts Spotify Podcast RSS Twitter Facebook Instagram Android Apple App Store Google Play Store Celebrating 100 episodes of Resourceful Designer. My life as a graphic designer So many opportunities to learn There are some drawbacks to being a designer We're lucky to be designers What does being a graphic designer mean to you? 100th episode contest. We have a winner! Subscribe to the podcast Contact me I want to help you. Content: There's also the way seeing a bad design choice can affect me more than it does non-designers. Something like bad kerning will stand out like a sore thumb to me when others won't even notice it. There are the time losses I experience while emersed in a design project. Before I know it it's dinner time, and I realize that I never even had lunch. How many other professions experience any of these? There are other drawbacks, but never enough to unbalance my love of being a graphic designer. I share even more reason of why I love being a designer on the podcast so be sure to listen to this episode. We're lucky to be designers We’re lucky. There are not a lot of professions out there that allow someone to make a living from their creativity. Whether it’s designing for clients or doing something like designing and selling T-Shirts to make money on the side.
http://resourcefuldesigner.com/what-being-a-graphic-designer-means-to-me-rd100/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1272869278#13_2147704103
Title: What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 Headings: What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me – RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me – RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 What Being A Graphic Designer Means To Me - RD100 Follow & Subscribe to Resourceful Designer Apple Podcasts Google Podcasts Spotify Podcast RSS Twitter Facebook Instagram Android Apple App Store Google Play Store Celebrating 100 episodes of Resourceful Designer. My life as a graphic designer So many opportunities to learn There are some drawbacks to being a designer We're lucky to be designers What does being a graphic designer mean to you? 100th episode contest. We have a winner! Subscribe to the podcast Contact me I want to help you. Content: There are other drawbacks, but never enough to unbalance my love of being a graphic designer. I share even more reason of why I love being a designer on the podcast so be sure to listen to this episode. We're lucky to be designers We’re lucky. There are not a lot of professions out there that allow someone to make a living from their creativity. Whether it’s designing for clients or doing something like designing and selling T-Shirts to make money on the side. We have options. And no matter how advanced technology becomes and how easy it is to push pixels across a screen. There will always be a need for designers to make things look good. It takes more than just talent to succeed in this business. It takes a passion for design which I know you have.
http://resourcefuldesigner.com/what-being-a-graphic-designer-means-to-me-rd100/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1276183091#6_2153832681
Title: Average Cost of a Funeral in the United States - Your Tribute Headings: Average Cost of a Funeral in the United States Average Cost of a Funeral in the United States Jason Ropchan | Your Tribute Founder Average Cost of a Funeral Factors that Impact the Average Cost of a Funeral Content: The average cost of a funeral includes the most basic products necessary for a funeral service. However, most families will purchase products not included in the average cost. For examples, funeral flowers, a video tribute, webcasting, a memorial website, keepsakes, and thank you cards are only a few of the additional products and services available to families. In summary, the average cost of a funeral covers items like the funeral director’s fees ($1,500), casket cost ($2,300), embalming ($500), using the funeral home for the funeral service ($500), grave site costs ($2,000), digging costs of the grave site ($600), outer burial container or grave liner ($1,000), and headstone cost ($1,500). Therefore, on average a traditional funeral with burial will cost around $10,000. However, depending on the products and services selected, and their quality, the average cost of a funeral may be below $5,000 or cost upwards of $20,000. Cemeteries, funeral homes, and other service providers expect full payment for their services by the time of the funeral. Therefore, the best way to reduce the cost of a funeral is to pre-plan. This will guarantee the cost of the funeral and make it more affordable by setting aside a small sum of money each month, versus paying for the entire funeral at once. Another way to reduce the funeral cost is to choose cremation instead of a traditional burial, which will save costs on the casket and eliminate the need for a burial plot, vault, gravestone, and so on.
http://resources.yourtribute.com/funeral-planning/average-cost-of-a-funeral/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1276945275#3_2155629087
Title: After the Big Spill, What Happened to the Ship Exxon Valdez? | response.restoration.noaa.gov Headings: Office of Response and Restoration After the Big Spill, What Happened to the Ship Exxon Valdez? New Law, New Name A Ship Singled Out? The End Is Near Content: Notwithstanding any other law, tank vessels that have spilled more than 1,000,000 gallons of oil into the marine environment after March 22, 1989, are prohibited from operating on the navigable waters of Prince William Sound, Alaska. (33 U.S.C. § 2737) With this banishment institutionalized in U.S. law, Exxon Shipping Company shifted the operational area for the ship to the Mediterranean and the Middle East and renamed it accordingly. In 1993, Exxon spun off its shipping arm to a subsidiary, Sea River Maritime, Inc., and the Exxon Mediterranean became the Sea River Mediterranean. This was shortened to S/R Mediterranean. In 2002, the ship was re-assigned to Asian routes and then temporarily mothballed in an undisclosed location. A Ship Singled Out? Exxon filed suit in federal court challenging the provisions of the Oil Pollution Act of 1990 that had banned its tanker from the Prince William Sound trade route. In November 2002, the Ninth Circuit Court of Appeals upheld the Oil Pollution Act and its vessel prohibition provision (the Justice Department noting that to that time, 18 vessels had been prevented from entering Prince William Sound). While Sea River had argued that the law unfairly singled out and punished its tanker, and that there was no reason to believe that a tanker guilty of spilling in the past would spill in the future, the three-judge panel disagreed unanimously. The Oil Pollution Act of 1990, the landmark law resulting from the Exxon Valdez oil spill, legislated the phase-out of all single-hulled tankers from U.S. waters by 2015.
http://response.restoration.noaa.gov/oil-and-chemical-spills/significant-incidents/exxon-valdez-oil-spill/after-big-spill-what-happened-s
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1278040688#3_2157454765
Title: Headings: Improving Conditions in Overcrowded Prisons Improving Conditions in Overcrowded Prisons About the 10 Keys CENTRE FOR JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION 10 KEYS TO IMPROVING CONDITIONS IN OVERCROWDED PRISONS 10 Keys to Improving Conditions in Overcrowded Prisons SECURITY HEALTH 3. Improve Sanitation 4. Grow Food CONDITIONS 5. Use Volunteers 6. Train Staff NON-SENTENCED SENTENCED PRISONERS PRISONERS 9. Increase Alternatives 7. Review Cases 8. Speed Release LONG-TERM SOLUTIONS Content: Reduce Idleness Reduce inmate idleness by increasing opportunities for exercise, sports, cultural and religious activities. Active inmates are less likely to feel stressed and hostile. Classify Prisoners Classify and house prisoners according to their level of risk. Lower risk groups require less security and can be managed on a lower security basis. HEALTH As toilet, sanitation, and cooking facilities become inadequate to serve a growing prison population, the health of staff and inmates is at risk, making it more dicult to control contagious diseases. 3. Improve Sanitation Organize and train inmates in preventative health care including basic sanitation, food preparation and personal hygiene. 4. Grow Food Involve low risk inmate labour to cultivate vegetable gardens, raise livestock (e.g., cattle, sheep, pigs, perhaps poultry) to provide additional and more varied food for the prison. This will improve nutrition and also provide inmates with meaningful activity.
http://restorativejustice.org/am-site/media/overcrowding-en.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1278052037#2_2157477702
Title: Headings: PREPARING PRISONERS FOR RE-ENTRY About the 10 Keys CENTRE FOR JUSTICE AND RECONCILIATION 10 KEYS TO PREPARING PRISONERS FOR RE-ENTRY Building Constructive Relationships Key 1: Find Mentors Key 2: Reunite Families Key 3: Develop Communities Addressing Needs Key 4: Plan Ahead Key 5: Locate Resources Key 6: Avoid Trouble Key 7: Find Help Contributing to Society Key 8: Make Amends Key 9: Serve Others Assessing Strengths and Weaknesses Key 10: Conduct Inventory Other Important Resources Content: Some of these they may have confronted before prison, such as unemployment, substance abuse, low self-esteem, anti-social relationships, and so forth. But others obstacles result from the prison experience itself. Prisoners have little control over daily life, which means that they can be overwhelmed by the choices facing them after prison and unprepared to make good decisions. Further, prison removes them from the support networks they once had, support that might help them to make a successful transition into society. Usually prisons do little to prepare prisoners to address the immediate and practical needs they will face on release. For example, where will the prisoners stay that night, and how will they get there? Often prisoners themselves don’t think about these kinds of matters, and only have general, long-term ideas about their future after release. However, there are practical steps that could better prepare prisoners for re- entry. While these do not guarantee that they will succeed after release, this preparation will increase their chances. 10 keys to preparing prisoners for re-entry Building Constructive Relationships Constructive relationships are important to prisoners during re-entry.
http://restorativejustice.org/am-site/media/re-entry-en.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1278858247#0_2159123456
Title: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Headings: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Online Competition The Decline of Malls Private-Equity Debt Quarterly Announcements Content: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Retail Industry FAQs Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores ••• Josh Brasted/Getty Images Entertainment/Getty Images By Full Bio Barbara Farfan is a former retail industry writer for The Balance Everyday. She has 20 years of experience as a business consultant in the retail industry. Read The Balance's editorial policies Barbara Farfan Updated August 05, 2019 Traditional U.S. retailers are on course to close more stores than they did in 2017, when major retail chains closed a record 8,139 stores. Through July 5, 2019, large U.S. retail chains announced 7,062 store closures, according to Coresight Research. That compares with 5,864 store closings for all of 2018. If the pace continues, major retailers could shutter as many as 12,000 stores by year-end, Coresight forecasts. In that case, the number of closures would come close to doubling the 6,163 that occurred in 2008, the only full calendar year in the Great Recession. Online Competition Part of the explanation for retail chains' difficulties since 2017—what some have called the "retail apocalypse"—is the continuing trend of Americans making purchases online. Consumers enjoy the freedom of shopping on their computer or phone and avoiding trips to a store that may not have had what they were looking for anyway. As of the first quarter of 2019, e-commerce purchases accounted for 10.2 percent of all retail sales, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis.
http://retailindustry.about.com/od/USRetailStoreClosingInfoFAQs/fl/All-2014-Store-Closings-US-Retail-Industry-Chains-to-Close-Stores.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1278858247#1_2159125462
Title: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Headings: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Online Competition The Decline of Malls Private-Equity Debt Quarterly Announcements Content: If the pace continues, major retailers could shutter as many as 12,000 stores by year-end, Coresight forecasts. In that case, the number of closures would come close to doubling the 6,163 that occurred in 2008, the only full calendar year in the Great Recession. Online Competition Part of the explanation for retail chains' difficulties since 2017—what some have called the "retail apocalypse"—is the continuing trend of Americans making purchases online. Consumers enjoy the freedom of shopping on their computer or phone and avoiding trips to a store that may not have had what they were looking for anyway. As of the first quarter of 2019, e-commerce purchases accounted for 10.2 percent of all retail sales, according to the Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. That percentage has risen steadily since 2000. Amazon.com, the largest U.S. e-commerce company, had about 103 million paying subscribers to its Amazon Prime service in March 2019. That figure represents about 80 percent of U.S. households . The Decline of Malls Another contributor to the surge in store closings is the rise and inevitable fall of largely suburban malls as a shopping destination. The number of U.S. malls grew more than twice as fast as the population from 1970 to 2015, The Atlantic reported, citing Cowen and Company research.
http://retailindustry.about.com/od/USRetailStoreClosingInfoFAQs/fl/All-2014-Store-Closings-US-Retail-Industry-Chains-to-Close-Stores.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1278858247#2_2159127281
Title: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Headings: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Online Competition The Decline of Malls Private-Equity Debt Quarterly Announcements Content: That percentage has risen steadily since 2000. Amazon.com, the largest U.S. e-commerce company, had about 103 million paying subscribers to its Amazon Prime service in March 2019. That figure represents about 80 percent of U.S. households . The Decline of Malls Another contributor to the surge in store closings is the rise and inevitable fall of largely suburban malls as a shopping destination. The number of U.S. malls grew more than twice as fast as the population from 1970 to 2015, The Atlantic reported, citing Cowen and Company research. Eventually, substantial numbers of malls were certain to fail in such an oversaturated retail environment. As some of a mall's stores begin closing—especially anchor tenants such as a Sears or Macy's—the mall loses favor with shoppers, and the declining foot traffic means more stores lose revenue, which leads to more store closures. The vacancy rate of malls in the second quarter of 2019 remained at the 9.3 percent level reported for the first quarter, according to Reis . The provider of commercial real estate data and analytics said that prior quarter's vacancy rate was the highest seen since the third quarter of 2011. The Great Recession also caused shoppers to stretch their declining or flat disposable incomes at lower-cost, big-box stores, such as Target and Walmart, that are generally not located in traditional shopping malls.
http://retailindustry.about.com/od/USRetailStoreClosingInfoFAQs/fl/All-2014-Store-Closings-US-Retail-Industry-Chains-to-Close-Stores.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1278858247#3_2159129177
Title: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Headings: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Online Competition The Decline of Malls Private-Equity Debt Quarterly Announcements Content: Eventually, substantial numbers of malls were certain to fail in such an oversaturated retail environment. As some of a mall's stores begin closing—especially anchor tenants such as a Sears or Macy's—the mall loses favor with shoppers, and the declining foot traffic means more stores lose revenue, which leads to more store closures. The vacancy rate of malls in the second quarter of 2019 remained at the 9.3 percent level reported for the first quarter, according to Reis . The provider of commercial real estate data and analytics said that prior quarter's vacancy rate was the highest seen since the third quarter of 2011. The Great Recession also caused shoppers to stretch their declining or flat disposable incomes at lower-cost, big-box stores, such as Target and Walmart, that are generally not located in traditional shopping malls. Furthermore, people of all ages—but especially younger people—are increasingly shifting their spending preferences from things to experiences. They want shopping excursions to be fun rather than just a search for consumer goods. That's why malls that offer diversions like roller coasters or aquariums have outperformed their retail-only peers. Private-Equity Debt Yet another reason for store closings is the leveraged buyouts of retail companies by private-equity firms that saddle the retailers with tremendous amounts of debt. For example, Gymboree Group, which sold children's clothing in stores with the names Gymboree, Gymboree Outlet, Janie and Jack, and Crazy 8, first filed for bankruptcy in June 2017, almost seven years after Bain Capital purchased it in a deal that involved $1 billion in debt.
http://retailindustry.about.com/od/USRetailStoreClosingInfoFAQs/fl/All-2014-Store-Closings-US-Retail-Industry-Chains-to-Close-Stores.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1278858247#4_2159131344
Title: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Headings: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Online Competition The Decline of Malls Private-Equity Debt Quarterly Announcements Content: Furthermore, people of all ages—but especially younger people—are increasingly shifting their spending preferences from things to experiences. They want shopping excursions to be fun rather than just a search for consumer goods. That's why malls that offer diversions like roller coasters or aquariums have outperformed their retail-only peers. Private-Equity Debt Yet another reason for store closings is the leveraged buyouts of retail companies by private-equity firms that saddle the retailers with tremendous amounts of debt. For example, Gymboree Group, which sold children's clothing in stores with the names Gymboree, Gymboree Outlet, Janie and Jack, and Crazy 8, first filed for bankruptcy in June 2017, almost seven years after Bain Capital purchased it in a deal that involved $1 billion in debt. Gymboree emerged from bankruptcy after turning control of the company over to its creditors and closing 375 stores. The company filed for bankruptcy again in January 2019, when it said it would close its remaining stores. Quarterly Announcements Traditionally, the first quarter of any calendar year is the biggest for store closure announcements. That's because retail companies have determined how well they did during the all-important holiday shopping season and which of its stores performed poorly enough to merit closing. More and more, however, national retailers are making such announcements throughout the year.
http://retailindustry.about.com/od/USRetailStoreClosingInfoFAQs/fl/All-2014-Store-Closings-US-Retail-Industry-Chains-to-Close-Stores.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1278858247#5_2159133281
Title: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Headings: Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Why Retail Companies Are Closing Stores Online Competition The Decline of Malls Private-Equity Debt Quarterly Announcements Content: Gymboree emerged from bankruptcy after turning control of the company over to its creditors and closing 375 stores. The company filed for bankruptcy again in January 2019, when it said it would close its remaining stores. Quarterly Announcements Traditionally, the first quarter of any calendar year is the biggest for store closure announcements. That's because retail companies have determined how well they did during the all-important holiday shopping season and which of its stores performed poorly enough to merit closing. More and more, however, national retailers are making such announcements throughout the year. For publicly traded companies, the news of store closings can be positive for their stock if the businesses are still performing well overall; it's seen as culling the weak members of the herd. But too many store closings—and poor quarterly revenue and profit reports—are potential signs of a company heading for bankruptcy and can lead to stock declines .
http://retailindustry.about.com/od/USRetailStoreClosingInfoFAQs/fl/All-2014-Store-Closings-US-Retail-Industry-Chains-to-Close-Stores.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1284379818#13_2167366025
Title: Headings: Was Martin Luther a conservative or revolutionary leader in the 16th century? Virginia Jiang Content: It was as much a religious war as a pecuniary brawl. The bulk of taxation from the Roman Catholic Church originated from the peasantry, while simultaneous labor shortages caused the peasants to gain power economically. Both the Book of One Hundred Chapters and Luther’s idea of universal priesthood seemed to promote religious and economic liberty.8 The Protestant peasants continued to radicalize Lutheranism. The “Twelve Articles” became their “95 Theses”, and violence became their tool. The peasants called for elected preachers, the right to hunt on private property, the right to fair leases, and overall the right to be equal.9 Luther condemned the peasants in his pamphlet, Against the Murderous, Thieving Hordes of Peasants, writing: “The peasants have taken upon themselves the burden of three terrible sins against God and man; by this they have merited death in body and soul. They have sworn to be true and faithful, submissive and obedient, to their rulers, now deliberately and violently breaking this oath. They are starting a rebellion, and are violently robbing and plundering monasteries and castles which are not theirs. They cloak this terrible and horrible sin with the gospel, thus they become the worst blasphemers of God and slanderers 6Galchutt, Kathryn, Ph.D. Personal interview.
http://reverendluther.org/pdfs2/Jiang-Essay.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1284379818#18_2167371998
Title: Headings: Was Martin Luther a conservative or revolutionary leader in the 16th century? Virginia Jiang Content: of his holy name. ”10 Luther did not wish to create a change in the social order. Instead, as in his doctrinal beliefs, he wanted a return to the oaths and responsibilities historically held by peasants and rulers. His retreat to the social and political norm during the Peasant’s Revolt was the result of his idealist historical fantasies of mutual respect between peasants and monarchs in times past. Despite Luther’s fundamental theological and social conservatism, his actions prompted a liberalization of social, political, and religious institutions in Europe and America. Later Protestants saw Luther’s protest against church corruption as a precedent for greater reform of not just religious establishments, but also secular matters.11 They transformed Luther’s ideas of “simul justus et Peccator” into a political platform. These Protestants maintained Luther’s doctrine of universal priesthood and extended it. They believed that “to be righteous is to be human as God envisioned in creation, and again in redemption,”12and so all are equal and entitled to natural liberties to serve Him. Conversely, these
http://reverendluther.org/pdfs2/Jiang-Essay.pdf
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1286593083#0_2170660714
Title: Working at Accenture | Great Place to Work® Headings: Accenture Accenture 87% Company Overview About The Company HQ Location Company Culture at Accenture 92% 91% 90% 90% 90% Why Work at Accenture? Life at Accenture Best Workplaces Lists 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Don't See Your Company Listed? Nominate your company today to join Certification Nation Content: Working at Accenture | Great Place to Work® Accenture 87% Employees say this is a great place to work Company Overview About The Company Accenture is a global professional services company with leading capabilities in digital, cloud and security. Our 506,000 people deliver on the promise of technology and human ingenuity every day, serving clients in more than 120 countries. INDUSTRY Professional Services CONNECT HQ Location New York, NY, US Company Culture at Accenture The employee experience below at Accenture, compared to a typical U.S. based company. Learn More 87% of employees at Accenture say it is a great place to work compared to 59% of employees at a typical U.S.-based company . Accenture 87% Typical Company 59% Source: Great Place to Work® 2019 U.S. National Employee Engagement Study. 92% People here are willing to give extra to get the job done. 91% Management is competent at running the business. 90% People here are given a lot of responsibility. 90% Management is honest and ethical in its business practices.
http://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/accenture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1286593083#1_2170662345
Title: Working at Accenture | Great Place to Work® Headings: Accenture Accenture 87% Company Overview About The Company HQ Location Company Culture at Accenture 92% 91% 90% 90% 90% Why Work at Accenture? Life at Accenture Best Workplaces Lists 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Don't See Your Company Listed? Nominate your company today to join Certification Nation Content: Great Place to Work® 2019 U.S. National Employee Engagement Study. 92% People here are willing to give extra to get the job done. 91% Management is competent at running the business. 90% People here are given a lot of responsibility. 90% Management is honest and ethical in its business practices. 90% I'm proud to tell others I work here. Why Work at Accenture? See what employees say about what makes Accenture a great workplace. These words are drawn from employee comments on the Trust Index™ survey. peopleopportunities clients leadership opportunity newdiversity feelculture career timeworking best care teamtrainingclient learning support learntruly abilitybenefitsdifferent grow inclusion everyonelevelgoodworld change health homelife commitmentfind across flexibility technologythink unique help leaders amazing balancefocusskillsbusinessdiverseexperience Life at Accenture Atlanta-based Accenture executives slept out to support homeless youth, which continues as a virtual activity in 2020.
http://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/accenture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1286593083#2_2170663929
Title: Working at Accenture | Great Place to Work® Headings: Accenture Accenture 87% Company Overview About The Company HQ Location Company Culture at Accenture 92% 91% 90% 90% 90% Why Work at Accenture? Life at Accenture Best Workplaces Lists 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Don't See Your Company Listed? Nominate your company today to join Certification Nation Content: 90% I'm proud to tell others I work here. Why Work at Accenture? See what employees say about what makes Accenture a great workplace. These words are drawn from employee comments on the Trust Index™ survey. peopleopportunities clients leadership opportunity newdiversity feelculture career timeworking best care teamtrainingclient learning support learntruly abilitybenefitsdifferent grow inclusion everyonelevelgoodworld change health homelife commitmentfind across flexibility technologythink unique help leaders amazing balancefocusskillsbusinessdiverseexperience Life at Accenture Atlanta-based Accenture executives slept out to support homeless youth, which continues as a virtual activity in 2020. 5 / 5 Accenture’s Atlanta Office Managing Director Chloe Barzey takes a workday break to check on her son’s virtual learning. 1 / 5 Seattle-based Manager Nicholas and his family volunteered at an ERG-sponsored event at Food Lifeline in February 2020. 2 / 5 Mental health allies practiced gratitude as a form of self-care at a fall 2019 event in Dallas. 3 / 5 Learners at a late 2019 NPower event in Harlem study Managing Conflict in the Workplace via Accenture Learning Exchange. 4 / 5 Atlanta-based Accenture executives slept out to support homeless youth, which continues as a virtual activity in 2020.
http://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/accenture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1286593083#3_2170665827
Title: Working at Accenture | Great Place to Work® Headings: Accenture Accenture 87% Company Overview About The Company HQ Location Company Culture at Accenture 92% 91% 90% 90% 90% Why Work at Accenture? Life at Accenture Best Workplaces Lists 2021 2020 2019 2018 2017 2016 Don't See Your Company Listed? Nominate your company today to join Certification Nation Content: 5 / 5 Accenture’s Atlanta Office Managing Director Chloe Barzey takes a workday break to check on her son’s virtual learning. 1 / 5 Seattle-based Manager Nicholas and his family volunteered at an ERG-sponsored event at Food Lifeline in February 2020. 2 / 5 Mental health allies practiced gratitude as a form of self-care at a fall 2019 event in Dallas. 3 / 5 Learners at a late 2019 NPower event in Harlem study Managing Conflict in the Workplace via Accenture Learning Exchange. 4 / 5 Atlanta-based Accenture executives slept out to support homeless youth, which continues as a virtual activity in 2020. 5 / 5 Accenture’s Atlanta Office Managing Director Chloe Barzey takes a workday break to check on her son’s virtual learning. 1 / 5 Best Workplaces Lists Great Place to Work® is proud to recognize Accenture 2021 #20 in Great Place to Work's Best Workplaces in Chicago™ 2021 (Large) #7 in Great Place to Work's Best Workplaces in Consulting & Professional Services™ 2021 (Large) #44 in Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For® 2021 #12 in Fortune Best Big Companies to Work For™ 2021 #62 in Great Place to Work's Best Workplaces in Texas™ 2021 (Large) 2020 #18 in Great Place to Work's Best Workplaces for Parents™ 2020 #49 in PEOPLE Companies that Care® 2020 #31 in Fortune Best Workplaces in New York™ 2020 (Large) #20 in Great Place to Work's Best Workplaces in Chicago™ 2020 (Large) #8 in Great Place to Work's Best Workplaces in Consulting & Professional Services™ 2020 (Large) #40 in Great Place to Work's Best Workplaces in Texas™ 2020 (Large) #41 in Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For® 2020 #8 in Fortune Best Big Companies to Work For™ 2020 2019 #4 in Best Workplaces for Diversity™ 2019 #21 in Best Workplaces for Parents™ 2019 #41 in PEOPLE 2019 Companies that Care® #35 in Best Workplaces in New York™ 2019 (Large) #16 in Best Workplaces in Chicago™ 2019 (Large) #12 in Best Workplaces in Consulting & Professional Services™ 2019 (Large) #23 in Best Workplaces in the Bay Area™ 2019 (Large) #61 in Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For® 2019 2018 #41 in Best Workplaces for Diversity™ 2018 #21 in Best Workplaces for Parents™ 2018 #15 in PEOPLE 2018 Companies that Care® #22 in Best Workplaces in Chicago™ 2018 (Large) #12 in Best Workplaces in Consulting & Professional Services™ 2018 (Large) #5 in Best Workplaces in the Bay Area™ 2018 (Large) #60 in Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For® 2018 2017 #49 in Best Workplaces for Diversity 2017 #21 in Best Workplaces for Working Parents 2017 #11 in Best Workplaces in New York 2017 (Large) #88 in Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For® 2017 #18 in Best Workplaces in Consulting & Professional Services 2017 2016 #84 in Fortune 100 Best Companies to Work For® 2016 Don't See Your Company Listed? Nominate your company today to join Certification Nation NOMINATE YOUR COMPANY
http://reviews.greatplacetowork.com/accenture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1297437305#0_2187630796
Title: Headings: Content: Roe V Wade - The Unconstitutional Decision Roe v Wade gave women the constitutional right to abort, yet Roe in itself is unconstitutional. Roe V Wade - The Unconstitutional Decision By Carolyn Gargaro Rightgrrl Co-Founder February 3, 2000 Updated February 5, 2000 The opinions stated in the following article are mine, however, I would like to thank James Goettel for helping with the relevant legal arguments, to ensure the legal accuracy of this article! Roe v Wadeis undoubtedly one of the Supreme Court's most controversial decisions. Handed down in January of 1973, the Court declared, by a vote of 7 to 2, that abortion was a right guaranteed by the Constitution under an implied right to privacy. Justice Harry Blackmun, the author of the majority opinion, stated that the Constitution does not explicitly mention a right to privacy but, "in varying contexts the Court or individual justices have, indeed, found at least the roots of that right." The right to an abortion was then considered an extension of this privacy right. As Blackmun stated,"This right of privacy, whether it be founded in the Fourteenth Amendment's concept of personal liberty and restrictions upon state action, as we feel it is, or, as the District Court determined, in the Ninth Amendment's reservation of rights to the people, is broad enough to encompass a woman's decision whether or not to terminate her pregnancy." This decision made it unconstitutional for any state to restrict abortion in most circumstances. Because of this decision, I continually hear pro-choice advocates claim that my, and other's, opposition to Roeis uninformed and misplaced, since Roegave women a "constitutuinal right" to an abortion. However, Roe v Wade, the very case which made abortion a constitutional right, is in fact, not based in the Constitution.
http://rightgrrl.com/carolyn/roe.html
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1306465769#6_2200104620
Title: Challenges in Nursing Informatics Headings: Challenges in Nursing Informatics Challenges in Nursing Informatics Introduction Evolution of Nursing Documentation Background Challenges for Nursing Future Generations Summary References Content: Langowski (2005) further explains that with this technology, software programs can be designed to assist health care providers in making decisions for individual patients, as data are entered for analysis by the computer software, and recommendations are made so decisions can be made quickly, with minimal errors. The HIMSS Nursing Informatics Awareness Task Force (2007) explains that when evidence-based practice is coded to an appropriate taxonomy system, the computerized nursing documentation will allow nurses to track their care and improve patient outcomes by implementing appropriate interventions for identified problems. While electronic health records are designed to provide access to information compiled from various providers, regardless of their physical location or healthcare system, this network will provide access to healthcare information for clinical decision making nationwide. Thede (2008) reports that data stored electronically is increasingly available to identify patterns of health care provided and subsequent outcomes among large groups of people. Often, nursing care data does not go beyond what’s required of the employing institution or accrediting bodies. Thus, Thede (2008) explains that the electronic health record will contain no data about the decisions nurses make and data will not be used in healthcare planning. The nurse’s role in healthcare will remain indiscernible and not considered in healthcare policy. Nursing documentation is a dynamic and complex process. As an educator of nursing students, the writer is concerned not only with the present gaps in nursing documentation to the electronic record, but with abilities of nursing students to learn the skill. Because institutions providing clinical experience to students utilize varying charting methods, students cannot become proficient at documentation.
http://rn-journal.com/journal-of-nursing/challenges-in-nursing-informatics
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1307270820#5_2201157360
Title: What Is A Nursing Theory? Headings: What is a Nursing Theory? What is a Nursing Theory? Content: Empirical knowing described as the principal form of relating factual and descriptive knowing usually found in textbooks, journals and lectures; is also one of its beneficial influences in education. It drives the foundations in nursing to its core explanations of scientific and evidence-based practice. Other pillars of knowing such as aesthetic knowing, referring to understanding the uniqueness of every client in the provision of nursing care; ethical knowing, pertaining to what is morally right and good for the client; and personal knowing, which encompasses the knowledge of self in relation to others- are essential avenues in the realization of the importance of nursing theories which was reiterated by Carper (1978) and (Smith, 1992; Sweeney, 1994). In Research, according to Henderson, “No profession, occupation or industry in this age can evaluate adequately or improve its practice without research”. Nursing theories can help generate new ideas, research problems and perspectives. Furthermore, nursing science as a melting pot for its practice can broaden its professional discipline through research.
http://rnspeak.com/fundamentals-of-nursing/what-is-a-nursing-theory/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1307270820#6_2201158785
Title: What Is A Nursing Theory? Headings: What is a Nursing Theory? What is a Nursing Theory? Content: and personal knowing, which encompasses the knowledge of self in relation to others- are essential avenues in the realization of the importance of nursing theories which was reiterated by Carper (1978) and (Smith, 1992; Sweeney, 1994). In Research, according to Henderson, “No profession, occupation or industry in this age can evaluate adequately or improve its practice without research”. Nursing theories can help generate new ideas, research problems and perspectives. Furthermore, nursing science as a melting pot for its practice can broaden its professional discipline through research. Considering that we are embracing the new era in nursing which is evidenced-based practice, pursuing nursing research efficiently reflects its high hopes for progress. And lastly, in Clinical Nursing Practice, on the other hand, speaks of its ethical, moral, and scientific approaches in nursing care. A nursing theory for instance, of Florence Nightingale, describes the common sense of providing service in its most discreet ways while having an impact on the client’s health. It similarly describes how we impose and include such a plan of care to our client- not to our knowledge that it is actually based on nursing theories. Sometimes, we are just surprised that how we deal with our clients is guided by provisions of care i.e. promoting comfort, interpersonal relationships, and caring are actually based on principles of nursing theorists.
http://rnspeak.com/fundamentals-of-nursing/what-is-a-nursing-theory/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1311910946#0_2207854453
Title: Massachusetts Bay Colony Headings: the first British colony in America to have its own government Content: Massachusetts Bay Colony The Robinson Library >> Massachusetts >> History Massachusetts Bay Colony the first British colony in America to have its own government In 1606, King James I of Great Britain chartered the London and Plymouth companies for the purpose of establishing colonies in the New World. The London Company subsequently founded Jamestown, Virginia, but the Plymouth Company did nothing with its charter. In 1628, the Plymouth Company, led by Sir Ferdinando Gorges, secured a new charter under the name Council for New England. The charter included a grant of all lands between the 40th and 48th degrees of latitude, westward to the Pacific Ocean. In 1628, the Council granted its land to John Endecott and five other men, who proceeded to lead about 60 Puritans to a pre-existing settlement at Salem, on the Massachusetts Bay. Given that the political climate in Great Britain was at that time uncertain, the Council thought it wise to gain a royal charter for the land it was settling, and said charter was granted by King Charles I in March of 1629. That charter specifically granted the Council control over a tract of land extending from three miles south of the Charles River to a point three miles north of the Merrimac, west to the Pacific Ocean. The Council for New England was renamed the Governor and Company of Massachusetts Bay in New England, which was given the power to govern said territory. The Massachusetts Bay Company placed the government of its colony in the hands of a Governor, Deputy Governor, and 18 Assistants, all of whom were to be elected by stockholders. Much of the new charter resembled the charters granted to other colonies in the New World, with one major exception -- it did not specify that the seat of government had to remain in England.
http://robinsonlibrary.com/america/uslocal/newengland/massachusetts/history/baycolony.htm
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1318120737#18_2218498655
Title: A Review of "The Obesity Code" - Rogue Health and Fitness Headings: A Review of “The Obesity Code” A Review of “The Obesity Code” How obesity became epidemic The heritability of obesity and the thrift gene hypothesis Hormonal regulation of fat Exercise “I can make you fat”: The Set Point Carbohydrates Insulin resistance Conclusion PS: I discussed intermittent fasting in two of my books, Stop the Clock: The Optimal Anti-Aging Strategy, and Top Ten Reasons We’re Fat – both available at Amazon. PPS: Check out my Supplements Buying Guide for Men. Content: Hell, no. They (we) ate lots of crappy food. Oreos, soft drinks, pizza, and my favorite, Hostess Cupcakes. Though we didn’t eat these all the time. Most meals were eaten at the table, and little was eaten elsewhere, in contrast to now. And was 70% of the population overweight or obese? No. Back in the 60s, we didn’t eat all the time. The twelve or so hours between dinner and breakfast provided a natural period of abstention from food, of fasting, that helped prevent insulin resistance. It follows that “grazing”, the highly promoted practice of eating often, has been one of the most destructive of allegedly beneficial health practices devised in modern times.
http://roguehealthandfitness.com/review-obesity-code/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1341046679#1_2252359346
Title: Limited Edition Nike Spikes - Run Reporter Headings: Limited Edition Nike Spikes Limited Edition Nike Spikes Team Spikes Oregon Project Spikes Oregon Project Spikes Oregon Track Club (Left), Bowerman Track Club (Right) Penn Relays Promo Spikes Oregon University Team USA Colour-way Elite Spikes Women’s Victory 2 Elite Men’s Victory 2 Elite Women’s Matumbo 2 Elite Unisex Victory 2 Elite Athlete Specific Spikes MoBot Spikes Flyknit Spikes Matt Centrowitz’s Flyknit Victories Bernard Lagat in the Flyknit Victories Ritz wearing the Flyknit Victories in yellow Promo/ Pre-Release Spikes Galen Rupp’s most recent Victory 3’s Ayanleh Souleiman’s Promo Victory 3 Spikes Various Colours Content: I previously speculated on what Nike spikes we may have seen in 2016, with a few select elite sponsored athletes debuting some new styles. However, despite these being around for over a year now, they have yet to make it into the mass market. Saying this, there have been a few variations to the spikes that we already know of and have seen on the elite circuit over the past few years. This has led to me compiling together a range of what I see to be limited edition/ rare distance Spikes released by Nike. These pictures come from general submissions across the internet, along with the majority of the pictures being off the ‘TrackSpikesUSA’ Instagram account, so many are courtesy of that account. Team Spikes Nike are known for personalising gear for specific teams, and this is no different from the various Nike sponsored/ owned running clubs. These include the likes of the Nike Oregon Project, Nike Bowerman Track Club and the Nike Oregon Track Club. The athletes who run within these groups have shown off their colours via their spikes, specifically personalised for that team. Oregon Project Spikes Oregon Project Spikes Oregon Track Club (Left), Bowerman Track Club (Right) Penn Relays Promo Spikes Oregon University Team USA Colour-way Elite Spikes The spikes which are worn by the majority of the elite sponsored athletes are very nearly identical to the elite spikes which can be bought for a premium price form Nike. The main difference being the colour schemes which are only made available to the sponsored athletes, a collection of these are shown below.
http://runreporter.com/running-shoes/limited-edition-nike-spikes/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1341111342#1_2252536713
Title: Headings: Content: Either you’ll want to measure your distance properly, or you’ll want the excitement of competition. At this point you’ll have to start track running, this is where all amateur athletics clubs hold their sprinting competitions/practices. But to perform properly on the track you’ll need the correct footwear. Running shoes are good but track shoes are a cut above. What is a track shoe? Not to sound too irritating but a track shoe is a running shoe that is specifically designed to be used on a running track. They have a plate containing spikes on them. This helps you gain traction which allows you to use more force in each step and therefore travel faster. There are different types of track shoe, and there are also spiked shoes (such as cross country shoes) that are not designed for the track. The difference between a track shoe for sprinters and a track shoe for long distance runners is in the weight and where the spikes are placed.
http://runsprintmarathon.com/products/shoes/track-shoes-sprinters/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#0_2255059531
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Boris Yeltsin (AFP Photo) The man who put an end to the USSR was raised to power by Mikhail Gorbachev. Ironically, he went on to depose his mentor and destroy his empire, becoming the first president of the post-Soviet Russia. Boris Yeltsin was born on February 1, 1931 in the village of Butka, near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), in the Urals, in a peasant family. His father spent several years in Stalin’s labour camps accused of anti-Soviet agitation – Yeltsin only joined the Communist Party in 1961, during Khrushchev’s anti-Stalinist reforms. In 1955 he graduated from the Ural Polytechnic Institute (now Ural State Technical University) with a degree in construction and started his first job on a building site the same year. Working in construction, he eventually grew to the head of an integrated house-building plant. In 1968, aged 37, he embarked on a party career but it wasn’t until Mikhail Gorbachev’s rise to power that he’s got his big break. Hand-picked by Gorbachev to shake up the corrupt Moscow party hierarchy,Yeltsin proved to be an eager and energetic reformer. His rise through the ranks went meteoric but he soon grew weary of the pace of “perestroika” and fell out with Gorbachev, eventually quitting the Communist Party at a party’s congress in 1990.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#3_2255064236
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: With Gorbachev on vacation in the Crimea, they attempted a coup. The Soviet leader was put under house arrest for three days. Back in Moscow, troops surround the White House – the parliament building, now home to the Russian government. Yeltsin spearheaded the resistance. Condemning AFP Photo the coup, he climbed on a tank and rallied mass opposition, turning into a popular hero. The coup was effectively deflated and Gorbachev returned to Moscow but support had already swung over to Yeltsin. Things were spinning out of Gorbachev’s control. In November, Yeltsin signed a decree banning the Communist Party in Russia. In early December, Ukraine voted for independence from the Soviet Union. A week later, on December 8, 1991 Yeltsin held a secret meeting with the presidents of Ukraine and Belarus in the Belarusian Belovezh Forest.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#4_2255065473
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: The coup was effectively deflated and Gorbachev returned to Moscow but support had already swung over to Yeltsin. Things were spinning out of Gorbachev’s control. In November, Yeltsin signed a decree banning the Communist Party in Russia. In early December, Ukraine voted for independence from the Soviet Union. A week later, on December 8, 1991 Yeltsin held a secret meeting with the presidents of Ukraine and Belarus in the Belarusian Belovezh Forest. Their so-called Belavezha Accords declared the Soviet Union dissolved, replacing it with the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Facing the inevitable, Gorbachev resigned on December 25, 1991. Two days later, Boris Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev’s former office, taking the reins of the new Russia. Yeltsin came to power on a wave of optimism, hailing a new era of democracy and economic freedom. Instead, the country plunged into chaos.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#5_2255066767
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: Their so-called Belavezha Accords declared the Soviet Union dissolved, replacing it with the Commonwealth of Independent States (CIS). Facing the inevitable, Gorbachev resigned on December 25, 1991. Two days later, Boris Yeltsin moved into Gorbachev’s former office, taking the reins of the new Russia. Yeltsin came to power on a wave of optimism, hailing a new era of democracy and economic freedom. Instead, the country plunged into chaos. Just days after the USSR’s dissolution, the government embarked on a series of unprecedented reforms along the lines of “shock therapy”. A shift towards market-oriented economy and massive privatisation shook a country that was used to state control to the core. The wild-west capitalism meant poverty for many and staggering wealth for the few, as well as crippling economic depression, soaring inflation and rampant crime and corruption. Salaries weren’t paid and many pensioners saw their lifelong savings wiped out. The reforms soon became widely resented, seen as “shock without therapy”.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#6_2255068226
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: Just days after the USSR’s dissolution, the government embarked on a series of unprecedented reforms along the lines of “shock therapy”. A shift towards market-oriented economy and massive privatisation shook a country that was used to state control to the core. The wild-west capitalism meant poverty for many and staggering wealth for the few, as well as crippling economic depression, soaring inflation and rampant crime and corruption. Salaries weren’t paid and many pensioners saw their lifelong savings wiped out. The reforms soon became widely resented, seen as “shock without therapy”. AFP Photo In 1993, a deadlock with the increasingly frustrated legislators pushed the country to the verge of civil war. Yeltsin’s opponents barricaded themselves in the White House and moved to take control of Moscow’s television centre. Yeltsin called in the tanks – and managed to shell his way out of the conflict. A parliamentary election was held and a new Constitution, concentrating power in the hands of the President, was approved in a referendum. The tanks though were needed again in 1994 when the southern republic of Chechnya tried to break away.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#8_2255071395
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: Yeltsin sent in troops, pledging to crush the resistance in days, but the botched operation grew into a bloody war. By the 1996 presidential election, Yeltsin’s career seemed doomed. His popularity ratings dropped to an all-time low while the newly-revived Communist Party enjoyed a surge in support. Boris Yeltsin (AFP Photo) Surprising many, Yeltsin put on an energetic campaign, promising to abandon some of his most unpopular economic reforms and to end the Chechen war. Facing a fierce competition from the Communists leader Gennady Zyuganov, Yeltsin narrowly won the ballot in the second round in June. In August a peace with Chechnya was negotiated. Despite this astonishing political comeback, Yeltsin was a spent force. Later that year, he underwent an emergency heart bypass surgery that left him in hospital for months. Bouts of ill-health, a disastrous financial crisis in 1998 and hectic government reshuffles that followed took their toll. On New Year’s Eve 1999, Yeltsin surprised his country and the world by announcing his resignation, leaving the power in the hands of the little-known Prime Minister Vladimir Putin.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#9_2255072929
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: In August a peace with Chechnya was negotiated. Despite this astonishing political comeback, Yeltsin was a spent force. Later that year, he underwent an emergency heart bypass surgery that left him in hospital for months. Bouts of ill-health, a disastrous financial crisis in 1998 and hectic government reshuffles that followed took their toll. On New Year’s Eve 1999, Yeltsin surprised his country and the world by announcing his resignation, leaving the power in the hands of the little-known Prime Minister Vladimir Putin. Often ill-at-ease with protocol, Yeltsin was remembered for his gaffes and off-hand jokes. Thought to have been a result of alcohol abuse, his antics attracted worldwide attention. Yeltsin famously grabbed a conductor’s baton in Berlin and tried to sing along with the orchestra. In another celebrated incident, he failed to emerge from his plane at Shannon Airport for talks with Ireland’s Prime Minister. After his resignation Yeltsin made few public appearances, making an exception only for tennis tournaments.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#12_2255077186
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: Post-Soviet Russia has never before buried its leader and the Communist past was left well behind. Unlike most Soviet leaders, laid to rest by the Kremlin wall, Russia’s first President was buried at Moscow’s Novodevichy cemetery, a resting place of many prominent artists, scientists and politicians. Yeltsin is survived by his wife Naina and daughters Yelena and Tatyana. Boris Yeltsin guided Russia through a time of great change and challenge. After decades of Communism, when Russia and the USSR were often seen as one and the same, the 1990s were the time of forging a new identity and restoring traditions. Yeltsin’s Russia saw a huge religious revival, many churches destroyed during the Soviet times were rebuilt and religious holidays were once again back on the calendar. The country went through a true media boom, enjoying greater political and civic freedoms than it had ever known, and carved itself a place among the world’s most industrialised democracies, turning G7 into G8. Boris Yeltsin (AFP Photo) Many blame Yeltsin for demising the Soviet Union, ruining the economy and plunging millions into hopeless poverty. Yet, others credit him with bringing the country a breath of fresh air as he ended more than 70 years of Soviet Communism. The architect of modern Russia, he’s praised for leading Russia onto the path to democracy and opening it to the world.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/
msmarco_v2.1_doc_02_1342541294#13_2255078979
Title: Boris Yeltsin – Russiapedia Leaders Prominent Russians Headings: Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin Prominent Russians: Boris Yeltsin February 1, 1931 – April 23, 2007 Content: Yeltsin’s Russia saw a huge religious revival, many churches destroyed during the Soviet times were rebuilt and religious holidays were once again back on the calendar. The country went through a true media boom, enjoying greater political and civic freedoms than it had ever known, and carved itself a place among the world’s most industrialised democracies, turning G7 into G8. Boris Yeltsin (AFP Photo) Many blame Yeltsin for demising the Soviet Union, ruining the economy and plunging millions into hopeless poverty. Yet, others credit him with bringing the country a breath of fresh air as he ended more than 70 years of Soviet Communism. The architect of modern Russia, he’s praised for leading Russia onto the path to democracy and opening it to the world. Boris Yeltsin may have left a controversial legacy, but he has unquestionably written his name into Russia’s history.
http://russiapedia.rt.com/prominent-russians/leaders/boris-yeltsin/