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msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_105840807#11_118805216
Title: Mexican muralism - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican muralism Mexican muralism Contents Antecedents Mural movement After the mural project at the National Preparatory High School Artistry Los Tres Grandes (The Three Great Ones) El Cuarto Grande (The Fourth Great One) " Nacimiento de Nuestra Nacionalidad " (The Birth of Our Nationality) Revolutionary artistry Political expression Influence Women of Mexican muralism Aurora Reyes Flores, first woman muralist Elena Huerta Muzquiz, artist of the biggest mural created by a woman in Mexico Rina Lazo, Rivera's assistant for 10 years until his death, his "right hand" See also Further reading References External links Content: This would lead to another element added to the murals over their development. In addition to the original ideas of a reconstructed Mexico and the elevation of Mexico's indigenous and rural identity, many of the muralists, including the three main painters, also included elements of Marxism, especially the struggle of the working class against oppression. This struggle, which had been going on since the sixteenth century, along with class, culture, and race conflicts were interpreted by muralists. The inception and early years of Mexico's muralist movement are often considered the most ideologically pure and untainted by contradictions between socialist ideals and government manipulation. This initial phase is referred to as the "heroic" phase while the period after 1930 is the "statist" phase with the transition to the latter phase caused by José Vasconcelos's resignation in 1924. Scholar Mary Coffey describes those who "acknowledge a change but refrain from judgment about its consequences" as taking the soft line and those who see all murals after 1930 as "propaganda for a corrupt state" as taking a hard line. Another stance is that the evolution of Mexican muralism as having an uncomplicated relationship with the government and as an accurate reflection of avant-garde and proletariat sentiments. Howe
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_muralism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#0_119015455
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Mexican secularization act of 1833 From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Separation of church and state St. Carlos, near Monterey, c. 1792 The Mexican Secularization Act of 1833 was passed twelve years after Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821. Mexico feared Spain would continue to have influence and power in California because most of the Spanish missions in California remained loyal to the Roman Catholic Church in Spain. As the new Mexican republic matured, calls for the secularization (" disestablishment ") of the missions increased. Once fully implemented, the secularization act, called the Decree for the Secularisation of the Missions of the Californias, took away much of the California Mission land and sold it or gave it away in large grants called ranchos. Contents 1 Background 2 Proclamation of Emancipation 3 Secularization Act 3.1 Failed distribution to indigenous people 3.2 Mission lands confiscated 3.3 Sub-missions also lost 4 Rancho period 5 Statehood 6 Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership 7 Current status 8 See also 9 References 10 External links Background The Spanish missions in Alta California were a series of 21 religious and military outposts; established by Catholic priests of the Franciscan order between 1769 and 1833, to spread Christianity among the local Native Americans. The missions were part of the first major effort by Europeans to colonize the Pacific Coast region, the most northern and western parts of Spain's North American land claims. The settlers introduced European fruits, vegetables, cattle, horses, ranching and technology into the Alta California region and to the Mission Indians. The El Camino Real road connected the missions from San Diego to Mission San Francisco Solano, in Sonoma, a length of 529 miles (851 km). Between 1683 and 1834, Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries established a series of religious outposts from today's Baja California and Baja California Sur into present-day California .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#1_119018155
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: established by Catholic priests of the Franciscan order between 1769 and 1833, to spread Christianity among the local Native Americans. The missions were part of the first major effort by Europeans to colonize the Pacific Coast region, the most northern and western parts of Spain's North American land claims. The settlers introduced European fruits, vegetables, cattle, horses, ranching and technology into the Alta California region and to the Mission Indians. The El Camino Real road connected the missions from San Diego to Mission San Francisco Solano, in Sonoma, a length of 529 miles (851 km). Between 1683 and 1834, Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries established a series of religious outposts from today's Baja California and Baja California Sur into present-day California . Proclamation of Emancipation José María de Echeandía, the first Mexican-born, elected Governor of Alta California issued a "Proclamation of Emancipation" (or " Prevenciónes de Emancipacion ") on July 25, 1826. All Indians within the military districts of San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Monterey who were found qualified were freed from missionary rule and made eligible to become Mexican citizens. Those who wished to remain under mission tutelage (guardianship) were exempted from most forms of corporal punishment. By 1830 even those new to California appeared confident in their own abilities to operate the mission ranches and farms independently; the padres, however, doubted the capabilities of their charges in this regard.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#2_119020315
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: Proclamation of Emancipation José María de Echeandía, the first Mexican-born, elected Governor of Alta California issued a "Proclamation of Emancipation" (or " Prevenciónes de Emancipacion ") on July 25, 1826. All Indians within the military districts of San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Monterey who were found qualified were freed from missionary rule and made eligible to become Mexican citizens. Those who wished to remain under mission tutelage (guardianship) were exempted from most forms of corporal punishment. By 1830 even those new to California appeared confident in their own abilities to operate the mission ranches and farms independently; the padres, however, doubted the capabilities of their charges in this regard. In 1831, the number of Indians under missionary control in all of Upper-Alta California was about 18,683, while garrison soldiers, free settlers, and "other classes" totaled 4,342. New immigration, of both Mexican and foreign origins, increased pressure on the Alta California government to seize the Church-controlled mission properties and dispossess the natives in accordance with Echeandía's directive. Despite the fact that Echeandía's emancipation plan was met with little encouragement from the newcomers who populated the southern missions, he was nonetheless determined to test the scheme on a large scale at Mission San Juan Capistrano. To that end, he appointed a number of comisionados (commissioners) to oversee the emancipation of the Indians. The Mexican government passed legislation on December 20, 1827, that mandated the expulsion of all Spaniards younger than sixty years of age from Mexican territories.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#3_119022626
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: In 1831, the number of Indians under missionary control in all of Upper-Alta California was about 18,683, while garrison soldiers, free settlers, and "other classes" totaled 4,342. New immigration, of both Mexican and foreign origins, increased pressure on the Alta California government to seize the Church-controlled mission properties and dispossess the natives in accordance with Echeandía's directive. Despite the fact that Echeandía's emancipation plan was met with little encouragement from the newcomers who populated the southern missions, he was nonetheless determined to test the scheme on a large scale at Mission San Juan Capistrano. To that end, he appointed a number of comisionados (commissioners) to oversee the emancipation of the Indians. The Mexican government passed legislation on December 20, 1827, that mandated the expulsion of all Spaniards younger than sixty years of age from Mexican territories. Spaniards could pose a threat to Mexico because Spain did not recognize Mexican independence and attempted to regain control over its former colony. Governor Echeandía nevertheless intervened on behalf of some Franciscans in order to prevent their deportation once the law took effect in California. Secularization Act Governor José Figueroa, who took office in 1833, initially attempted to keep the mission system intact, but after the Mexican Congress passed its Decree for the Secularization of the Missions of the Californias on August 17, 1833, he took action to start secularization enactment. In 1833, Figueroa replaced the Spanish-born Franciscan padres at all of the settlements north of Mission San Antonio de Padua with Mexican-born Franciscan priests from the College of Guadalupe de Zacatecas. In response, Father-Presidente Narciso Durán transferred the headquarters of the Alta California Mission System to Mission Santa Bárbara, where it remained until 1846.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#4_119025178
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: Spaniards could pose a threat to Mexico because Spain did not recognize Mexican independence and attempted to regain control over its former colony. Governor Echeandía nevertheless intervened on behalf of some Franciscans in order to prevent their deportation once the law took effect in California. Secularization Act Governor José Figueroa, who took office in 1833, initially attempted to keep the mission system intact, but after the Mexican Congress passed its Decree for the Secularization of the Missions of the Californias on August 17, 1833, he took action to start secularization enactment. In 1833, Figueroa replaced the Spanish-born Franciscan padres at all of the settlements north of Mission San Antonio de Padua with Mexican-born Franciscan priests from the College of Guadalupe de Zacatecas. In response, Father-Presidente Narciso Durán transferred the headquarters of the Alta California Mission System to Mission Santa Bárbara, where it remained until 1846. Failed distribution to indigenous people Governor Figueroa issued a regulation ( Reglamento Provisional para la secularizacion de las Misiones) on August 9, 1834, outlining the requirements for the distribution of property (land, cattle, and equipment) to each mission’s neophytes. Among the provisions were that "5. To each head of a family and to all over 20 years old, will be given from the Mission lands a lot not over 400 nor less than 100 varas square" (28 to 7 acres), plus "6.... pro rata ...one-half of the livestock" and "7.... half or less of the existing chattels, tools, and seed". The Act also provided for the colonization of both Alta California and Baja California, the expenses of this latter move to be borne by the proceeds gained from the sale of the mission land and some buildings to private parties; many started ranches.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#5_119027652
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: Failed distribution to indigenous people Governor Figueroa issued a regulation ( Reglamento Provisional para la secularizacion de las Misiones) on August 9, 1834, outlining the requirements for the distribution of property (land, cattle, and equipment) to each mission’s neophytes. Among the provisions were that "5. To each head of a family and to all over 20 years old, will be given from the Mission lands a lot not over 400 nor less than 100 varas square" (28 to 7 acres), plus "6.... pro rata ...one-half of the livestock" and "7.... half or less of the existing chattels, tools, and seed". The Act also provided for the colonization of both Alta California and Baja California, the expenses of this latter move to be borne by the proceeds gained from the sale of the mission land and some buildings to private parties; many started ranches. The ranches made of former mission pasture lands were divided into large land grants, thus greatly increasing the number of private landholdings in Alta California. This meant that the missions would hold title only to the worship chapel, the residences of the priests, and a small amount of land surrounding the church for use as gardens. In some missions, all of the other buildings were lost, and some mission buildings were divided, with a physical wall added into the mission buildings. With the loss of all support from the surrounding land and support buildings – like livestock, orchards, barns, tanning, blacksmithing, candle making, vineyards, winery, water rights, loom, Beehive ovens, carpenter shop, soap making, grain silo, in some cases the mission courtyard and more – the Franciscans had no means of support for themselves or the natives. The Franciscans soon thereafter abandoned most of the missions, taking with them almost everything of value, after which the locals typically plundered the mission buildings for construction materials, as the four to six soldiers assigned to guard each Mission were dismissed.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#6_119030273
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: The ranches made of former mission pasture lands were divided into large land grants, thus greatly increasing the number of private landholdings in Alta California. This meant that the missions would hold title only to the worship chapel, the residences of the priests, and a small amount of land surrounding the church for use as gardens. In some missions, all of the other buildings were lost, and some mission buildings were divided, with a physical wall added into the mission buildings. With the loss of all support from the surrounding land and support buildings – like livestock, orchards, barns, tanning, blacksmithing, candle making, vineyards, winery, water rights, loom, Beehive ovens, carpenter shop, soap making, grain silo, in some cases the mission courtyard and more – the Franciscans had no means of support for themselves or the natives. The Franciscans soon thereafter abandoned most of the missions, taking with them almost everything of value, after which the locals typically plundered the mission buildings for construction materials, as the four to six soldiers assigned to guard each Mission were dismissed. Mission lands confiscated Mission San Juan Capistrano was the very first mission to have its land taken away; on August 9, 1834, Governor Figueroa issued his "Decree of Confiscation." Nine other settlements quickly followed, with six more in 1835; San Buenaventura and Mission San Francisco de Asís were among the last to have their land taken away, in June and December 1836, respectively. The ruins of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad circa 1900.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#7_119032501
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: Mission lands confiscated Mission San Juan Capistrano was the very first mission to have its land taken away; on August 9, 1834, Governor Figueroa issued his "Decree of Confiscation." Nine other settlements quickly followed, with six more in 1835; San Buenaventura and Mission San Francisco de Asís were among the last to have their land taken away, in June and December 1836, respectively. The ruins of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad circa 1900. In 1838, Mission San Juan Capistrano property was auctioned off under questionable circumstances for $710 worth of tallow and hides, (equivalent to $15,000 in 2004 U.S dollars) to Englishman John (Don Juan) Forster (Governor Pío Pico 's brother-in-law, whose family would take up residence in the friars' quarters for the next 20 years) and his partner James McKinley. More families would subsequently take up residence in other portions of the Mission buildings. Father José María Zalvidea left San Juan Capistrano around November 25, 1842, when Mission San Luis Rey de Francia 's Father Ibarra died, leaving the Mission without a resident priest for the first time (Zalvidea had been the Mission's sole priest ever since the death of Father Josef Barona in 1831). The first secular priest to take charge of the Mission, Reverend José Maria Rosáles, arrived on October 8, 1843; Father Vicente Pascual Oliva, the last resident missionary, died on January 2, 1848.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#8_119034575
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: In 1838, Mission San Juan Capistrano property was auctioned off under questionable circumstances for $710 worth of tallow and hides, (equivalent to $15,000 in 2004 U.S dollars) to Englishman John (Don Juan) Forster (Governor Pío Pico 's brother-in-law, whose family would take up residence in the friars' quarters for the next 20 years) and his partner James McKinley. More families would subsequently take up residence in other portions of the Mission buildings. Father José María Zalvidea left San Juan Capistrano around November 25, 1842, when Mission San Luis Rey de Francia 's Father Ibarra died, leaving the Mission without a resident priest for the first time (Zalvidea had been the Mission's sole priest ever since the death of Father Josef Barona in 1831). The first secular priest to take charge of the Mission, Reverend José Maria Rosáles, arrived on October 8, 1843; Father Vicente Pascual Oliva, the last resident missionary, died on January 2, 1848. The Mission's ruins and 44.40 acres were returned to the Church in 1865. Mission San Diego de Alcalá and some other missions were offered for sale to citizens, and some Mission land was given to ex-military officers who had fought in the War of Independence. On June 8, 1846, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was given to Santiago Argüello by Governor Pío Pico " ...f or services rendered to the government." After the United States annexed California, the Mission was used by the military from 1846 to 1862. Most of the grants were made to rich " Californios " of Spanish background who had long been casting envious eyes on the vast holdings of the Roman Catholic missions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#9_119036878
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: The Mission's ruins and 44.40 acres were returned to the Church in 1865. Mission San Diego de Alcalá and some other missions were offered for sale to citizens, and some Mission land was given to ex-military officers who had fought in the War of Independence. On June 8, 1846, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was given to Santiago Argüello by Governor Pío Pico " ...f or services rendered to the government." After the United States annexed California, the Mission was used by the military from 1846 to 1862. Most of the grants were made to rich " Californios " of Spanish background who had long been casting envious eyes on the vast holdings of the Roman Catholic missions. In 1845, California Governor Pio Pico confiscated the lands of Mission San Diego de Alcala. He granted eleven square leagues (about 48,800 acres, 197 km 2) of the El Cajon Valley to Dona Maria Antonio Estudillo, daughter of José Antonio Estudillo, alcalde of San Diego, to repay a $500 government obligation. The grant was originally called Rancho Santa Monica and encompassed present-day El Cajon, Bostonia, Santee, Lakeside, Flinn Springs, and the eastern part of La Mesa. It also contained the 28-acre (0.11 km 2) Rancho Cañada de Los Coches grant. Maria Estudillo was the wife of Don Miguel Pedrorena (1808–1850), a native of Madrid, Spain, who had come to California from Peru in 1838 to operate a trading business.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#10_119038928
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: In 1845, California Governor Pio Pico confiscated the lands of Mission San Diego de Alcala. He granted eleven square leagues (about 48,800 acres, 197 km 2) of the El Cajon Valley to Dona Maria Antonio Estudillo, daughter of José Antonio Estudillo, alcalde of San Diego, to repay a $500 government obligation. The grant was originally called Rancho Santa Monica and encompassed present-day El Cajon, Bostonia, Santee, Lakeside, Flinn Springs, and the eastern part of La Mesa. It also contained the 28-acre (0.11 km 2) Rancho Cañada de Los Coches grant. Maria Estudillo was the wife of Don Miguel Pedrorena (1808–1850), a native of Madrid, Spain, who had come to California from Peru in 1838 to operate a trading business. In 1862 the 22 acres and mission ruins were returned to the Church by the U.S. government. Mission San Buenaventura in 1845 was rented to Don Jose Arnaz and Narciso Botello and was later sold to Arnaz. The church, clergy residence, cemetery, orchard, and vineyard were returned to the Church in 1862, and major changes done in 1893. Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo land was sold off in 1834. The padres had to buy a small strip of land back in order to avoid trespassing when entering the church.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#11_119040788
Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833 Mexican secularization act of 1833 Contents Background Proclamation of Emancipation Secularization Act Failed distribution to indigenous people Mission lands confiscated Sub-missions also lost Rancho period Statehood Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership Current status See also References External links Content: In 1862 the 22 acres and mission ruins were returned to the Church by the U.S. government. Mission San Buenaventura in 1845 was rented to Don Jose Arnaz and Narciso Botello and was later sold to Arnaz. The church, clergy residence, cemetery, orchard, and vineyard were returned to the Church in 1862, and major changes done in 1893. Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo land was sold off in 1834. The padres had to buy a small strip of land back in order to avoid trespassing when entering the church. But later all th
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_109702453#0_122898474
Title: Miami drug war - Wikipedia Headings: Miami drug war Miami drug war References Content: Miami drug war - Wikipedia Miami drug war From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Miami Drug War) Jump to navigation Jump to search Miami drug war Date 1970s–1980s Location Miami, Florida Status Medellin Cartel collapsed Belligerents United States DEA FBI Miami Police Department Drug cartels Medellín Cartel Colombian gangs Commanders and leaders Jimmy Carter Ronald Reagan Reubin Askew Bob Graham Griselda Blanco Pablo Escobar Jorge "Rivi" Ayala Mickey Munday Barry Seal Luis Fernando Arcila Mejia Casualties and losses 1,200+ casualties The Miami drug war was a series of armed conflicts in the 1970s and 1980s, centered in the Florida city of Miami, between the United States government and multiple drug cartels, primarily the Medellín Cartel. The drug war was triggered by the 1979 Dadeland Mall shootout; in broad daylight, two gunmen of a Colombian drug gang entered and shot two men at a liquor store. The murderers were immediately dubbed " Cocaine Cowboys " by a police officer. Violence began to become endemic in Miami. In 1980 the city had 573 murders in the year, and the next year had 621 murders. By 1981 the city morgue had an overload of dead bodies and had to rent out a refrigerated truck to keep the bodies, keeping it until 1988. Most of the violent crime was directly related to conflicts in the city's growing drug trade. Miami in 1981 was responsible for trafficking 70% of the country's cocaine, 70% of the country's marijuana, and 90% of the country's counterfeit Quaaludes. Much of Miami's drug trafficking activity was centered out of Coconut Grove 's Mutiny at Sailboat Bay where drug traffickers would frequently meet and conduct business.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Drug_War
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#0_125858342
Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia Headings: Michael B. Stuart Michael B. Stuart References External links Content: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia Michael B. Stuart From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search American lawyer For other people with similar names, see Michael Stuart (disambiguation). Michael B. Stuart United States Attorney for the Southern District of West Virginia In office January 9, 2018 – February 28, 2021 President Donald Trump Joe Biden Preceded by Booth Goodwin Succeeded by Lisa G. Johnston (acting) Chair of the West Virginia Republican Party In office July 24, 2010 – May 12, 2012 Preceded by Doug McKinney Succeeded by Conrad Lucas Personal details Born Michael Bryan Stuart Philippi, West Virginia, U.S. Political party Republican Spouse (s) Katrina Alma mater West Virginia University ( BA) Boston University ( JD) Michael Bryan Stuart is an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of West Virginia from 2018 to 2021. He was sworn in on January 9, 2018. Prior to assuming his current role, he was a lawyer for the law firm of Steptoe & Johnson. In 2014, Stuart chaired the West Virginia Presidential Debate Commission. From 2010 to 2012, he served as chairman of the West Virginia Republican Party. Stuart chaired Trump's 2016 presidential campaign in the state. Prior to his confirmation as a U.S. Attorney, Stuart said addressing the opioid epidemic would be a priority of his office. On February 8, 2021, he along with 55 other Trump-era attorneys were asked to resign. On February 12, he announced his resignation, effective February 28.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#1_125860208
Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia Headings: Michael B. Stuart Michael B. Stuart References External links Content: From 2010 to 2012, he served as chairman of the West Virginia Republican Party. Stuart chaired Trump's 2016 presidential campaign in the state. Prior to his confirmation as a U.S. Attorney, Stuart said addressing the opioid epidemic would be a priority of his office. On February 8, 2021, he along with 55 other Trump-era attorneys were asked to resign. On February 12, he announced his resignation, effective February 28. References ^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Sixth Wave of United States Attorney Nominations". whitehouse.gov. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 – via National Archives. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#2_125861195
Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia Headings: Michael B. Stuart Michael B. Stuart References External links Content: References ^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Sixth Wave of United States Attorney Nominations". whitehouse.gov. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 – via National Archives. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. ^ "Trump appoints new top prosecutor for West Texas". USA Today. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ "Trump nominates former W.Va.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#3_125861905
Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia Headings: Michael B. Stuart Michael B. Stuart References External links Content: ^ "Trump appoints new top prosecutor for West Texas". USA Today. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ "Trump nominates former W.Va. campaign chair for US Attorney". MetroNews. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ Curtis, Mark (September 11, 2017). "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#4_125862471
Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia Headings: Michael B. Stuart Michael B. Stuart References External links Content: campaign chair for US Attorney". MetroNews. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ Curtis, Mark (September 11, 2017). " Mike Stuart Nominated for U.S. Attorney for Southern District West Virginia". WOWK. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ Balsamo, Michael (February 9, 2021). " Justice Dept.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#5_125863059
Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia Headings: Michael B. Stuart Michael B. Stuart References External links Content: Mike Stuart Nominated for U.S. Attorney for Southern District West Virginia". WOWK. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ Balsamo, Michael (February 9, 2021). " Justice Dept. seeks resignations of Trump-era US attorneys". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2021. ^ "United States Attorney Mike Stuart Announces His Resignation" (Press release). Charleston, West Virginia:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#6_125863725
Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia Headings: Michael B. Stuart Michael B. Stuart References External links Content: seeks resignations of Trump-era US attorneys". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2021. ^ "United States Attorney Mike Stuart Announces His Resignation" (Press release). Charleston, West Virginia: United States Attorney's Office. February 12, 2021. External links Biography at U.S. Department of Justice Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_B._Stuart&oldid=1010073249 " Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata AC with 0 elements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_122135292#0_137566270
Title: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia Headings: Michael R. Sherwin Michael R. Sherwin Contents Education Legal career U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia Michael Flynn case Other cases Personal References External links Content: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia Michael R. Sherwin From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search American lawyer Michael Sherwin Acting United States Attorney for the District of Columbia In office May 2020 – March 3, 2021 Preceded by Timothy Shea (acting) Succeeded by Channing D. Phillips (acting) Personal details Born Michael Rafi Sherwin ( 1971-12-08) December 8, 1971 (age 49) Ohio, U.S. Education Ohio State University ( BA) University of Notre Dame ( JD) Military service Allegiance United States Branch/service United States Navy Years of service 1999–2004 Battles/wars Operation Southern Watch Operation Northern Watch Operation Enduring Freedom Operation Iraqi Freedom Awards Joint Service Commendation Medal with Oak leaf cluster Michael Rafi Sherwin (born December 8, 1971) is an attorney who served as the interim United States Attorney for the District of Columbia from 2020 to 2021. He was appointed by Attorney General William Barr in the Donald Trump administration. Contents 1 Education 2 Legal career 3 U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia 3.1 Michael Flynn case 3.2 Other cases 4 Personal 5 References 6 External links Education Raised in Cleveland, Ohio, Sherwin earned his B.A. in political science and liberal arts at the Ohio State University in 1994 and his J.D. at the University of Notre Dame in 1998. Legal career Sherwin served as a naval intelligence officer from 1999 to 2004, participating in Operation Southern Watch, Operation Northern Watch, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. He also served as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida. He specializes in national security cases and has been a national security adviser to the deputy attorney general, Jeffrey A. Rosen. In September 2019, Sherwin won the conviction of a Chinese woman, Yujing Zhang, who trespassed at President Donald Trump ’s Mar-a-Lago Club in Florida. Sherwin investigated a deadly December 2019 shooting at a naval air station in Pensacola, Florida. During the investigation he met and impressed Attorney General William Barr, officials told The Washington Post. U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia Attorney General William Barr asked Sherwin to become the deputy of Timothy Shea at the District of Columbia office in October 2019, and Sherwin soon joined Barr's effort to drop charges against former Trump national security advisor Michael Flynn.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Sherwin
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_122135292#1_137569216
Title: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia Headings: Michael R. Sherwin Michael R. Sherwin Contents Education Legal career U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia Michael Flynn case Other cases Personal References External links Content: He specializes in national security cases and has been a national security adviser to the deputy attorney general, Jeffrey A. Rosen. In September 2019, Sherwin won the conviction of a Chinese woman, Yujing Zhang, who trespassed at President Donald Trump ’s Mar-a-Lago Club in Florida. Sherwin investigated a deadly December 2019 shooting at a naval air station in Pensacola, Florida. During the investigation he met and impressed Attorney General William Barr, officials told The Washington Post. U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia Attorney General William Barr asked Sherwin to become the deputy of Timothy Shea at the District of Columbia office in October 2019, and Sherwin soon joined Barr's effort to drop charges against former Trump national security advisor Michael Flynn. Sherwin had briefly met with President Trump prior to the appointment. Sherwin was named interim U.S. Attorney in May 2020 when Shea, after three months as U.S. Attorney, was appointed to lead the Drug Enforcement Administration. Trump nominated Justin Herdman to be Shea's permanent successor. Some high-profile investigations the U.S. Attorney's office handles are related to special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia investigation. On March 3, 2021, he was replaced by Channing D. Phillips.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Sherwin
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_122135292#10_137579839
Title: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia Headings: Michael R. Sherwin Michael R. Sherwin Contents Education Legal career U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia Michael Flynn case Other cases Personal References External links Content: ^ a b c "Meet the U.S. Attorney". United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2021. ^ a b Benner, Katie (May 21, 2020). " Justice Dept. Unit That Prosecuted Roger Stone Is Reorganized". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 7, 2020.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Sherwin
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_122135292#14_137583055
Title: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia Headings: Michael R. Sherwin Michael R. Sherwin Contents Education Legal career U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia Michael Flynn case Other cases Personal References External links Content: ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020. ^ Hsu, Spencer (May 18, 2020). " Barr-installed top DOJ aide, prosecutor of Trump's Mar-a-Lago trespasser, to serve as acting U.S. attorney in Washington". The Washington Post. ^ Singman, Brooke (March 2, 2021). " Channing Phillips to be DC acting US attorney, but Michael Sherwin will supervise Capitol riot probe". Fox News. Retrieved March 5, 2021.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Sherwin
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#0_139622925
Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Contents Early life and career Tenure as U.S. Attorney Tenure as ATF Director U.S. Senate election, 2013 Personal life References External links Content: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Michael J. Sullivan Acting Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives In office September 2006 – January 20, 2009 Appointed by Alberto Gonzales President George W. Bush Preceded by Carl Truscott Edgar A. Domenech (acting) Succeeded by Ronald "Ronnie" A. Carter (acting) Kenneth E. Melson (acting) United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts In office September 2001 – April 2009 President George W. Bush Barack Obama Preceded by Donald Stern Succeeded by Carmen Ortiz District Attorney of Plymouth County In office June 1995 – September 2001 Preceded by William O'Malley Succeeded by Timothy Cruz Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives from the 7th Plymouth district In office January 1991 – June 1995 Preceded by Emmet Hayes Succeeded by Ronald Whitney Personal details Born ( 1954-10-03) October 3, 1954 (age 66) Boston, Massachusetts, U.S. Political party Republican Alma mater Boston College Suffolk University Michael J. Sullivan (born October 3, 1954) is an American lawyer and politician who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts (2001–2009) and Acting Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2006–2009). His work as U.S. Attorney largely focused on national security and health-care fraud. A native of the Holbrook – Abington region, Sullivan served earlier in his career as the Plymouth County District Attorney, and as a Republican member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives . Contents 1 Early life and career 2 Tenure as U.S. Attorney 3 Tenure as ATF Director 4 U.S. Senate election, 2013 5 Personal life 6 References 7 External links Early life and career Sullivan was born October 3, 1954, the second of seven children, and grew up in Holbrook, Massachusetts. He attended Boston College High School and Boston College, and went onto Suffolk University Law School. He worked with the Gillette Company from 1973 to 1989 before moving into private law, becoming partner at McGovern & Sullivan in the early 1990s. Representing the town of Abington, he was elected as a Republican state representative in 1990. He was voted "Legislator of the Year" by the Massachusetts Municipal Organization in 1994. Among his initiatives was a budget amendment to have the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority charge municipalities for sewage management by volume instead of population, which moved much of the cost burden away from outlying towns and toward Boston. The amendment was adopted by the House but reversed the following day under pressure from Democratic leaders.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#11_139643972
Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Contents Early life and career Tenure as U.S. Attorney Tenure as ATF Director U.S. Senate election, 2013 Personal life References External links Content: The MetroWest Daily News. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. ^ 1991-1992 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ^ a b c d e f Kelly, John P. (February 12, 2009). " U.S. attorney Michael Sullivan of Abington will not stay on the job". Patriot Ledger. ^ Fehrnstrom, Eric (May 28, 1993). " Reps reverse vote on MWRA". Boston Herald. ^ a b c Simons, John (October 27, 2003). "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#14_139646513
Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Contents Early life and career Tenure as U.S. Attorney Tenure as ATF Director U.S. Senate election, 2013 Personal life References External links Content: February 28, 2003. ^ Belluck, Pam; Chang, Kenneth (December 29, 2001). " A NATION CHALLENGED: THE INVESTIGATION". The New York Times. ^ "Accused 'shoe bomber' intends to plead guilty". CNN. October 2, 2002. ^ "Prosecutorial abuse:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#15_139647224
Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Contents Early life and career Tenure as U.S. Attorney Tenure as ATF Director U.S. Senate election, 2013 Personal life References External links Content: The New York Times. ^ "Accused 'shoe bomber' intends to plead guilty". CNN. October 2, 2002. ^ "Prosecutorial abuse: US Attorney Michael Sullivan should drop the charges against the Logan 19". Boston Phoenix. 2002-05-09. Archived from the original on 2004-12-20. ^ "Statement concerning the surveillance provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act (§§ 201, 202, and 223)" (PDF).
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#16_139648084
Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) Contents Early life and career Tenure as U.S. Attorney Tenure as ATF Director U.S. Senate election, 2013 Personal life References External links Content: US Attorney Michael Sullivan should drop the charges against the Logan 19". Boston Phoenix. 2002-05-09. Archived from the original on 2004-12-20. ^ "Statement concerning the surveillance provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act (§§ 201, 202, and 223)" (PDF). United States House Committee on the Judiciary. May 3, 2005. ^ Boston judge issued warrant for Abdullah Khadr Archived 2012-11-06 at the Wayback Machine, Vancouver Sun, December 20, 2005
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_133540930#4_150103268
Title: Mickey Spillane (mobster) - Wikipedia Headings: Mickey Spillane (mobster) Mickey Spillane (mobster) Contents Life Irish-Italian Mob War Death Family In popular culture See also References Books Content: The convention center was being constructed in the Chelsea neighborhood of NYC just south of Hell's Kitchen. Spillane refused to allow any involvement by the Italians. The Italian gangsters greatly outnumbered the members of the Irish mob, but Spillane was successful in keeping control of the convention center. The Italians, frustrated and embarrassed by their defeat to Spillane and the Irish gangsters, responded by hiring a rogue Irish-American hitman named Joseph "Mad Dog" Sullivan to assassinate Tom Devaney, Eddie "the Butcher" Cummiskey, and Tom "the Greek" Kapatos, three of Spillane's chief lieutenants. By the mid-1970s, Spillane had moved his family out of Hell's Kitchen to Woodside, Queens, because of threats of violence against his children. In 1966, a young upstart named Jimmy Coonan began slowly muscling in on Spillane’s territory. Ultimately, Coonan was sent to prison for ten years in 1967 for homicide. When he was released from prison, Coonan sought to align himself with the Gambino crime family through an up-and-coming mobster from Brooklyn, named Roy DeMeo. This would mark the beginning of the end for the Irish mob, as after Spillane‘s death, Coonan would eventually work for the Gambinos. Death On May 13, 1977, Spillane, aged 43, was killed outside his apartment in Queens.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Spillane_(mobster)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_133540930#5_150104989
Title: Mickey Spillane (mobster) - Wikipedia Headings: Mickey Spillane (mobster) Mickey Spillane (mobster) Contents Life Irish-Italian Mob War Death Family In popular culture See also References Books Content: In 1966, a young upstart named Jimmy Coonan began slowly muscling in on Spillane’s territory. Ultimately, Coonan was sent to prison for ten years in 1967 for homicide. When he was released from prison, Coonan sought to align himself with the Gambino crime family through an up-and-coming mobster from Brooklyn, named Roy DeMeo. This would mark the beginning of the end for the Irish mob, as after Spillane‘s death, Coonan would eventually work for the Gambinos. Death On May 13, 1977, Spillane, aged 43, was killed outside his apartment in Queens. It has long been rumored that DeMeo murdered Spillane as a favor to Coonan, who subsequently took over as the boss of the Hell's Kitchen Irish Mob. Spillane is buried in Calvary Cemetery, Queens, New York . Family Spillane had three children. Michael (Mickey), Robert and Denise. Robert, an actor, fell six stories to his death on July 10, 2010, in Manhattan, New York, when he leaned against his apartment window screen.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Spillane_(mobster)
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_154469435#9_175246211
Title: Migrant education - Wikipedia Headings: Migrant education Migrant education Contents Barriers to educational success Cultural differences Language differences Lack of information Psychological difficulties Residential dislocation Living conditions Cost In the United States Demographics Race Language Location Distribution of migrant students in the U.S. Education Legislation and policy Government programs Migrant Education Program High School Equivalency Program College Assistance Migrant Program Migrant Education Even Start Nonprofit assistance Educational success Possible solutions In China In South Africa See also References External links Content: This refers to children who have moved school districts within the last 3 years due to agricultural work or work in related industries. Race The racial breakdown of these migrant students is 86% Hispanic, 8% White, and less than 3% Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander. Language 84% of these students speak little to no English, and about 90% speak a language other than English in their homes. The states with the highest level of students with limited English proficiency are Arizona (with 51% LEP migrant students) and Texas (with 37% LEP migrant students). Location Distribution of migrant students in the U.S. State/Territory Number of MEP Percentage of U.S. Total California 166,793 30.8% Texas 95,703 17.6% Florida 33,068 6.1% Puerto Rico 21,224 3.9% Michigan 19,167 3.5% Oregon 18,494 3.4% Education Of all of the foreign-born migrants in the United States, 22% have less than a 9th grade education. This percentage breaks down differently by country of origin, with migrants from Asia arriving with the most education and migrants from Latin America arriving with the least. Region of Origin Percent of population 25+ years with less than a 9th grade education Total foreign born 22.2% Europe 12.7% Asia 10% Latin America 34.6% Other regions 7.3% Native 4.7% Region of Origin Percent of population with Bachelor's degree or higher Total foreign born 25.8% Europe 32.9% Asia 44.9% Latin America 11.2% Other regions 36.8% Native 25.6% With regards to educational attainment, only six percent of foreign-born migrant farmworkers have completed 12th grade. Legislation and policy Starting in the 1960s, the United States' government has passed a series of legislation intended to improve the lives of migrant and immigrant students. In 1968, the Bilingual Education Act allocated funding to individual
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_education
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_155517293#3_176247039
Title: Miguel Pro - Wikipedia Headings: Miguel Pro Miguel Pro Contents Historical background Childhood Jesuit life in Mexico, persecution, exile abroad, and ordination Return to Mexico Arrest and execution Beatification References External links Content: Long-time President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz was ousted in 1911 after staging a rigged reelection, and a struggle for power – the Mexican Revolution – began. Pro studied in Mexico until 1914 when a massive wave of governmental anti-Catholicism forced the novitiate to dissolve and the Jesuits to flee to Los Gatos, California, in the United States. He then went to study in Granada, Spain (1915–19), and from 1919 to 1922 taught in Nicaragua. Back in Mexico, a new constitution for the country had been signed (1917). Five articles of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico were particularly aimed at suppression of the Catholic Church. Article 3 mandated secular education in schools, prohibiting the Church from participating in primary and secondary education. Article 5 outlawed monastic religious orders. Article 24 forbade public worship outside of church buildings, while Article 27 restricted religious organizations' rights to own property. Finally, Article 130 revoked basic civil rights of clergy members: priests and religious workers were prevented from wearing their habits, were denied the right to vote, and were forbidden from commenting on public affairs to the press.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Pro
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_191021204#4_213433192
Title: Mindless Behavior - Wikipedia Headings: Mindless Behavior Mindless Behavior Contents Career Band members Past members Timeline Member adjustments Discography Studio albums Singles Awards and nominations References External links Content: They announced that they were going on a tour their third album "No Parents Allowed Tour" but was cancelled soon after for unexplained reasons and are getting ready to release an independent movie titled " Misguided Behavior ”. In February 2017, rumors started spreading around that the group had disbanded after Princeton announced it after answering a fan question as he claimed that the group wasn't getting the rights to their music and the members decided that they wanted to do solo careers. Band members Past members Prodigy (Craig Crippen, Jr.) – lead singer (2008–2013; 2014–2015) Princeton (Jacob Perez) – backing vocalist, spokesperson (2008–2017) Ray Ray (Rayan Lopez) – backing vocalist, sub-rapper, main rapper (2008–2015) Roc Royal (Chresanto August) – backing vocalist, main rapper (2008–2014) EJ (Elijah Johnson) – lead singer (2014–2017) Mike (Michael Martin) – backing vocalist, sub-lead singer (2015–2017) Timeline Member adjustments The group experienced a lot of adjustments since their formation in 2008 that included original members Prodigy, Princeton, Ray Ray and Roc Royal. In November 2013, it was announced that lead singer Prodigy left the group to pursue a solo career, which he proved to be untrue. He left the group because of bullying and mistreatment received from the camp. This left Princeton, Ray Ray and Roc Royal as a trio. In April 2014, the group announced that EJ would replace Prodigy as the group's new lead singer. In December 2014, Roc Royal was fired from the group due to his ill-mannered behavior. This included beating up a drug addict over money, having a baby at an early age and accusations of him stealing a producer's car.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindless_Behavior
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_192388746#11_215138327
Title: Mineral industry of Africa - Wikipedia Headings: Mineral industry of Africa Mineral industry of Africa Contents Key producers Economics Organizations promoting exports Dependence of African countries Investment Exploration Trade Legislation Environment Metals Aluminium, bauxite, and alumina Copper Gold Iron and steel Iron ore Lead Nickel Platinum-group metals Zinc Titanium Industrial minerals Diamond Phosphate rock Mineral fuels Coal Uranium Oil See also Citations General references External links Content: Dependence of African countries Many African countries are highly and dangerously dependent on mineral exports. Mineral fuels (coal, petroleum) account for more than 90% of the export earnings for Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, Libya, and Nigeria. Minerals account for 80% for Botswana (led by, in order of value, diamond, copper, nickel, soda ash, and gold), Congo (Brazzaville) (petroleum), Congo (Kinshasa) (diamond, petroleum, cobalt, and copper), Gabon (petroleum and manganese), Guinea (bauxite, alumina, gold, and diamond), Sierra Leone (diamond), and Sudan (petroleum and gold). Minerals and mineral fuels accounted for more than 50% of the export earnings of Mali (gold), Mauritania (iron ore), Mozambique (aluminium), Namibia (diamond, uranium, gold, and zinc), and Zambia (copper and cobalt). The mineral industry's exports make up an important part of the African gross income. Ongoing mining projects of more than US$1 billion are taking place in South Africa (PGM 69%; gold:31%), Guinea (bauxite and aluminium), Madagascar (nickel), Mozambique (coal), Congo (Kinshasa) and Zambia (cobalt and copper), Nigeria and Sudan (crude petroleum), Senegal (iron), and many others. Investment The Department of Mineral Resources of South Africa reported that investment in newly committed precious metals projects in South Africa—those for which funds had already been committed or were being expended—was $8.26 billion in 2005. An additional $9.56 billion was reported for potential precious metals projects in South Africa (that is, feasibility-level projects for which funds had not yet been committed). PGM accounted for 69% of the investment and gold 31%.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Africa
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_192388746#12_215140730
Title: Mineral industry of Africa - Wikipedia Headings: Mineral industry of Africa Mineral industry of Africa Contents Key producers Economics Organizations promoting exports Dependence of African countries Investment Exploration Trade Legislation Environment Metals Aluminium, bauxite, and alumina Copper Gold Iron and steel Iron ore Lead Nickel Platinum-group metals Zinc Titanium Industrial minerals Diamond Phosphate rock Mineral fuels Coal Uranium Oil See also Citations General references External links Content: Ongoing mining projects of more than US$1 billion are taking place in South Africa (PGM 69%; gold:31%), Guinea (bauxite and aluminium), Madagascar (nickel), Mozambique (coal), Congo (Kinshasa) and Zambia (cobalt and copper), Nigeria and Sudan (crude petroleum), Senegal (iron), and many others. Investment The Department of Mineral Resources of South Africa reported that investment in newly committed precious metals projects in South Africa—those for which funds had already been committed or were being expended—was $8.26 billion in 2005. An additional $9.56 billion was reported for potential precious metals projects in South Africa (that is, feasibility-level projects for which funds had not yet been committed). PGM accounted for 69% of the investment and gold 31%. Potential investments in iron ore projects was at least $950 million. Investment in newly committed processed minerals projects amounted to $681 million, and potential processed minerals projects is $584 million. By 2008, capital expenditure for the heavy mineral sands project at Mandena in Madagascar was expected to total $585 million; at Moma in Mozambique, $348 million; and at Kwale in Kenya, $178 million.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Africa
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195236522#0_218542547
Title: Minimalism (visual arts) - Wikipedia Headings: Minimalism (visual arts) Minimalism (visual arts) Contents History Monochrome revival See also Footnotes External links Content: Minimalism (visual arts) - Wikipedia Minimalism (visual arts) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Minimal art) Jump to navigation Jump to search Visual arts movement Tony Smith, Free Ride, 1962, 6'8 × 6'8 × 6'8, Museum of Modern Art (New York City) Donald Judd, Untitled, 1991, Israel Museum Art Garden, Jerusalem Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with this movement include Ad Reinhardt, Nassos Daphnis, Tony Smith, Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Larry Bell, Anne Truitt, Yves Klein and Frank Stella. Artists themselves have sometimes reacted against the label due to the negative implication of the work being simplistic. Minimalism is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and a bridge to postminimal art practices. Contents 1 History 2 Monochrome revival 3 See also 4 Footnotes 5 External links History Jean Metzinger, following the succès de scandale created from the Cubist showing at the 1911 Salon des Indépendants, in an interview with Cyril Berger published in Paris-Journal 29 May 1911, stated: We cubists have only done our duty by creating a new rhythm for the benefit of humanity. Others will come after us who will do the same. What will they find? That is the tremendous secret of the future.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_art
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195425182#0_218812426
Title: Minimalism - Wikipedia Headings: Minimalism Minimalism Contents Minimal art, minimalism in visual art Minimalist design and architecture Minimalist architecture and space Concepts and design elements Influences from Japanese tradition Minimalist architects and their works Literary minimalism Minimal music Minimalism in film Software and UI design Examples Skype design overhaul Minimalism in science communication See also Notes References Citations Sources External links Content: Minimalism - Wikipedia Minimalism From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Movements in various forms of art and design This article is about the concept in the arts. For other uses, see Minimalism (disambiguation). This article needs attention from an expert in architecture or arts. The specific problem is: to deal with redundant content, and large tracts of text and in-text lists that are unsourced, and so in violation of WP: VERIFY. WikiProject Architecture or WikiProject Arts may be able to help recruit an expert. ( August 2016) This article is missing information about minimalism in user interface design. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. (
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195425182#1_218813853
Title: Minimalism - Wikipedia Headings: Minimalism Minimalism Contents Minimal art, minimalism in visual art Minimalist design and architecture Minimalist architecture and space Concepts and design elements Influences from Japanese tradition Minimalist architects and their works Literary minimalism Minimal music Minimalism in film Software and UI design Examples Skype design overhaul Minimalism in science communication See also Notes References Citations Sources External links Content: VERIFY. WikiProject Architecture or WikiProject Arts may be able to help recruit an expert. ( August 2016) This article is missing information about minimalism in user interface design. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. ( September 2019) Donald Judd "Untitled", concrete sculpture, 1991, Israel Museum, Jerusalem In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in post– World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with minimalism include Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Carl Andre, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction against abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary postminimal art practices, which extend or reflect on minimalism's original objectives. Minimalism in music often features repetition and gradual variation, such as the works of La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass, Julius Eastman, and John Adams.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195425182#2_218815639
Title: Minimalism - Wikipedia Headings: Minimalism Minimalism Contents Minimal art, minimalism in visual art Minimalist design and architecture Minimalist architecture and space Concepts and design elements Influences from Japanese tradition Minimalist architects and their works Literary minimalism Minimal music Minimalism in film Software and UI design Examples Skype design overhaul Minimalism in science communication See also Notes References Citations Sources External links Content: September 2019) Donald Judd "Untitled", concrete sculpture, 1991, Israel Museum, Jerusalem In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in post– World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with minimalism include Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Carl Andre, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction against abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary postminimal art practices, which extend or reflect on minimalism's original objectives. Minimalism in music often features repetition and gradual variation, such as the works of La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass, Julius Eastman, and John Adams. The term minimalist often colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped to its essentials. It has accordingly been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett, the films of Robert Bresson, the stories of Raymond Carver, and the automobile designs of Colin Chapman. Contents 1 Minimal art, minimalism in visual art 2 Minimalist design and architecture 3 Minimalist architecture and space 3.1 Concepts and design elements 3.2 Influences from Japanese tradition 3.3 Minimalist architects and their works 4 Literary minimalism 5 Minimal music 6 Minimalism in film 7 Software and UI design 7.1 Examples 8 Minimalism in science communication 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Citations 11.2 Sources 12 External links Minimal art, minimalism in visual art Main article: Minimalism (visual arts) Kazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, oil on canvas, 79.5 x 79.5 cm, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow Minimalism in visual art, generally referred to as "minimal art", "literalist art" and "ABC Art" emerged in New York in the early 1960s as new and older artists moved toward geometric abstraction; exploring via painting in the cases of Nassos Daphnis, Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Al Held, Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Ryman and others;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195425182#3_218818408
Title: Minimalism - Wikipedia Headings: Minimalism Minimalism Contents Minimal art, minimalism in visual art Minimalist design and architecture Minimalist architecture and space Concepts and design elements Influences from Japanese tradition Minimalist architects and their works Literary minimalism Minimal music Minimalism in film Software and UI design Examples Skype design overhaul Minimalism in science communication See also Notes References Citations Sources External links Content: The term minimalist often colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped to its essentials. It has accordingly been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett, the films of Robert Bresson, the stories of Raymond Carver, and the automobile designs of Colin Chapman. Contents 1 Minimal art, minimalism in visual art 2 Minimalist design and architecture 3 Minimalist architecture and space 3.1 Concepts and design elements 3.2 Influences from Japanese tradition 3.3 Minimalist architects and their works 4 Literary minimalism 5 Minimal music 6 Minimalism in film 7 Software and UI design 7.1 Examples 8 Minimalism in science communication 9 See also 10 Notes 11 References 11.1 Citations 11.2 Sources 12 External links Minimal art, minimalism in visual art Main article: Minimalism (visual arts) Kazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, oil on canvas, 79.5 x 79.5 cm, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow Minimalism in visual art, generally referred to as "minimal art", "literalist art" and "ABC Art" emerged in New York in the early 1960s as new and older artists moved toward geometric abstraction; exploring via painting in the cases of Nassos Daphnis, Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Al Held, Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Ryman and others; and sculpture in the works of various artists including David Smith, Anthony Caro, Tony Smith, Sol LeWitt, Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Donald Judd and others. Judd's sculpture was showcased in 1964 at Green Gallery in Manhattan, as were Flavin's first fluorescent light works, while other leading Manhattan galleries like Leo Castelli Gallery and Pace Gallery also began to showcase artists focused on geometric abstraction. In addition there were two seminal and influential museum exhibitions: Primary Structures: Younger American and British Sculpture shown from April 27 – June 12, 1966 at the Jewish Museum in New York, organized by the museum's Curator of Painting and Sculpture, Kynaston McShine and Systemic Painting, at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum curated by Lawrence Alloway also in 1966 that showcased Geometric abstraction in the American art world via Shaped canvas, Color Field, and Hard-edge painting.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_196575266#3_220180541
Title: Mining in Afghanistan - Wikipedia Headings: Mining in Afghanistan Mining in Afghanistan Contents Overview History Legal framework Mining locations Commodities Copper Coal Gemstones Gold Iron ore Lithium Marble Petroleum and natural gas Rare-earth elements Uranium See also References Further reading External links Content: The energy resources consist of natural gas and petroleum. The government was working to introduce new mineral and hydrocarbon laws that would meet international standards of governance. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the British geological survey were doing resource estimation work in the country. Prior to that work, Afghanistan's exploration activity had been conducted by geologists from the Soviet Union who left good-quality geologic records that indicate significant mineral potential. Resource development would require improvements in the infrastructure and security in Afghanistan. The government had awarded contracts to develop the Aynak copper project and the Hajigak iron ore project; in addition, the government could offer tenders for new exploration, including exploration of copper at Balkhab, gold at Badakhshan, gemstones and lithium at nuristan, and oil and gas at sheberghan. The Ministry of Mines drew up its first business reform plan in a bid to create a more accountable and transparent mining industry. Afghanistan joined the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative as a candidate country. It was expected that after 5 years, the contribution of royalties from mineral production to the revenues of the government would be at least $1.2 billion per year, and that after 15 years, the contribution would increase to $3.5 billion per year.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Afghanistan
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_196575266#4_220182453
Title: Mining in Afghanistan - Wikipedia Headings: Mining in Afghanistan Mining in Afghanistan Contents Overview History Legal framework Mining locations Commodities Copper Coal Gemstones Gold Iron ore Lithium Marble Petroleum and natural gas Rare-earth elements Uranium See also References Further reading External links Content: The government had awarded contracts to develop the Aynak copper project and the Hajigak iron ore project; in addition, the government could offer tenders for new exploration, including exploration of copper at Balkhab, gold at Badakhshan, gemstones and lithium at nuristan, and oil and gas at sheberghan. The Ministry of Mines drew up its first business reform plan in a bid to create a more accountable and transparent mining industry. Afghanistan joined the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative as a candidate country. It was expected that after 5 years, the contribution of royalties from mineral production to the revenues of the government would be at least $1.2 billion per year, and that after 15 years, the contribution would increase to $3.5 billion per year. Afghanistan has no local ownership requirements and its Constitution does not allow for nationalization. The 20% corporate tax rate was the lowest in the region. Afghanistan's mining industry was at a primitive artisanal stage of development; the operations were all low scale and output was supplied to local and regional markets. The government considered development of the country's mineral resources to be a priority for economic growth, including development of the industrial mineral resources (such as gravel, sand, and limestone for cement) for use by the domestic construction industry.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Afghanistan
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_196814277#0_220420103
Title: Mining in Iran - Wikipedia Headings: Mining in Iran Mining in Iran Contents Economics Commodities Iron and steel Iron ore Steel Bauxite and aluminium Bauxite Aluminium Coal Coke Zinc and lead Uranium Copper Gold Cement Foreign investments Production statistics See also References External links Specialized reports Videos Content: Mining in Iran - Wikipedia Mining in Iran From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Industry and mining map of Iran Mining in Iran is still under development, yet the country is one of the most important mineral producers in the world, ranked among 15 major mineral-rich countries, holding some 68 types of minerals, 37 billion tonnes of proven reserves and more than 57 billion tonnes of potential reserves worth $770 billion in 2014. Mineral production contributes only 0.6 per cent to the country's GDP. Add other mining-related industries and this figure increases to just four per cent (2005). Many factors have contributed to this, namely lack of suitable infrastructure, legal barriers, exploration difficulties, and government control. The most important mines in Iran include coal, metallic minerals, sand and gravel, chemical minerals and salt. Khorasan has the most operating mines in Iran. Other large deposits which mostly remain underdeveloped are zinc (world's largest), copper (world's ninth largest reserves in 2011, according to the managing director of National Iranian Copper Industries Company), iron (world's 12th largest in 2013 according to the US Geological Survey ), uranium (world's tenth largest) and lead (world's eleventh largest). Iran with roughly 1% of the world's population holds more than 7% of the world's total mineral reserves. In 2019, the country was the 2nd largest world producer of gypsum; the 8th largest world producer of molybdenum;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Iran
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_197110045#24_220885932
Title: Mining industry of Egypt - Wikipedia Headings: Mining industry of Egypt Mining industry of Egypt Contents History Modern technology and gold exploration See more References Content: a case study for the Central Eastern Desert Egypt". International Journal of Remote Sensing. 37 (8): 1762–1776. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2016.1165887. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mining in Egypt. v t e Mining in Africa Sovereign states Algeria Angola Benin Botswana Burkina Faso Burundi Cameroon Cape Verde (Cabo Verde) Central African Republic Chad Comoros Democratic Republic of the Congo Republic of the Congo Djibouti Egypt Equatorial Guinea Eritrea Eswatini (Swaziland) Ethiopia Gabon The Gambia Ghana Guinea Guinea-Bissau Ivory Coast (Côte d'Ivoire) Kenya Lesotho Liberia Libya Madagascar Malawi Mali Mauritania Mauritius Morocco Mozambique Namibia Niger Nigeria Rwanda São Tomé and Príncipe Senegal Seychelles Sierra Leone Somalia South Africa South Sudan Sudan Tanzania Togo Tunisia Uganda Zambia Zimbabwe States with limited recognition Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic Somaliland Dependencies and other territories Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain) Madeira (Portugal) Mayotte / Réunion (France) Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom) v t e Egypt topics History Chronology Prehistoric Ancient topics Achaemenid 27th Dynasty 31st Dynasty Ptolemaic Battle of Actium Lighthouse of Alexandria Roman Diocese of Egypt Library of Alexandria Christian
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Egypt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_201681325#0_227158349
Title: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party - Wikipedia Headings: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party Contents History Current elected officials Members of Congress U.S. Senate U.S. House of Representatives Statewide officials State legislative leaders Current leadership See also References Further reading External links Content: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party - Wikipedia Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Political party in Minnesota, United States "DFL" redirects here. For other uses, see DFL (disambiguation). This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( August 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party Abbreviation DFL Chairperson Ken Martin Governor of Minnesota Tim Walz Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota Peggy Flanagan Senate Minority Leader Susan Kent House Speaker Melissa Hortman Founded April 15, 1944; 76 years ago ( 1944-04-15) Merger of Minnesota Democratic Party and Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party Headquarters 255 Plato Boulevard East Saint Paul, Minnesota Youth wing Minnesota Young DFL (MYDFL) Ideology Centrism Modern liberalism Progressivism Populism Political position Center to center-left National affiliation Democratic Party Colors Blue Senate 31 / 67 House of Representatives 70 / 134 Statewide Executive Offices 5 / 5 U.S. Senate 2 / 2 U.S. House of Representatives 4 / 8 Website www .dfl .org Politics of Minnesota Political parties Elections The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944, the DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name, the other being the North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party . Contents 1 History 2 Current elected officials 2.1 Members of Congress 2.1.1 U.S. Senate 2.1.2 U.S. House of Representatives 2.2 Statewide officials 2.3 State legislative leaders 3 Current leadership 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links History DFL logo used on a lectern at the 2006 DFL state convention. DFL 2006 state convention registration desk. The DFL was created on April 15, 1944, with the merger of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the larger Farmer–Labor Party.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_201681325#1_227161347
Title: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party - Wikipedia Headings: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party Contents History Current elected officials Members of Congress U.S. Senate U.S. House of Representatives Statewide officials State legislative leaders Current leadership See also References Further reading External links Content: 76 years ago ( 1944-04-15) Merger of Minnesota Democratic Party and Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party Headquarters 255 Plato Boulevard East Saint Paul, Minnesota Youth wing Minnesota Young DFL (MYDFL) Ideology Centrism Modern liberalism Progressivism Populism Political position Center to center-left National affiliation Democratic Party Colors Blue Senate 31 / 67 House of Representatives 70 / 134 Statewide Executive Offices 5 / 5 U.S. Senate 2 / 2 U.S. House of Representatives 4 / 8 Website www .dfl .org Politics of Minnesota Political parties Elections The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944, the DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name, the other being the North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party . Contents 1 History 2 Current elected officials 2.1 Members of Congress 2.1.1 U.S. Senate 2.1.2 U.S. House of Representatives 2.2 Statewide officials 2.3 State legislative leaders 3 Current leadership 4 See also 5 References 6 Further reading 7 External links History DFL logo used on a lectern at the 2006 DFL state convention. DFL 2006 state convention registration desk. The DFL was created on April 15, 1944, with the merger of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the larger Farmer–Labor Party. Leading the merger effort were Elmer Kelm, the head of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the founding chairman of the DFL; Elmer Benson, effectively the head of the Farmer–Labor Party by virtue of his leadership of its dominant left-wing faction; and rising star Hubert H. Humphrey, who chaired the Fusion Committee that accomplished the union and then went on to chair its first state convention. By the party's second convention in 1946, tensions had re-emerged between members of the two former parties. While the majority of delegates supported left-wing policies, Humphrey managed to install a more conservative ally, Orville Freeman, as party secretary.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_201681325#9_227173304
Title: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party - Wikipedia Headings: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party Contents History Current elected officials Members of Congress U.S. Senate U.S. House of Representatives Statewide officials State legislative leaders Current leadership See also References Further reading External links Content: Minnesota Post. ^ Loughlin, Sean (October 25, 2002). " Wellstone Made Mark as a Liberal Champion". CNN. Retrieved June 23, 2014. Further reading Delton, Jennifer A. Making Minnesota Liberal: Civil Rights and the Transformation of the Democratic Party. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002. Haynes, John Earl. "
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_202126757#7_227686371
Title: Minnesota Legislature - Wikipedia Headings: Minnesota Legislature Minnesota Legislature Contents History The non-partisan era Recent history Television broadcasts Gallery See also References External links Content: In 1984, the Legislature ordered that all gender-specific pronouns be removed from the state laws. After two years of work, the rewritten laws were adopted. Only 301 of 20,000 pronouns were feminine. " His" was changed 10,000 times and "he" was changed 6,000 times. The non-partisan era In 1913, Minnesota legislators began to be elected on nonpartisan ballots. This was a historical accident that occurred when a bill to provide for no-party elections of judges, city, and county officers was amended to include the Legislature in the belief that it would kill the bill. While Minnesota legislators were elected on a nonpartisan ballot, they caucused as "Liberals" or "Conservatives," roughly the equivalent in most years to Democratic or Farmer–Labor (later Democratic–Farmer–Labor) and Republican, respectively. In 1974, House members again ran with party designation. In 1976, Senate members again ran with party designation. Recent history Governor Jesse Ventura advocated the idea of changing the Legislature to be unicameral while he was in office, but the concept did not obtain widespread support.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Legislature
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_202126757#8_227687907
Title: Minnesota Legislature - Wikipedia Headings: Minnesota Legislature Minnesota Legislature Contents History The non-partisan era Recent history Television broadcasts Gallery See also References External links Content: This was a historical accident that occurred when a bill to provide for no-party elections of judges, city, and county officers was amended to include the Legislature in the belief that it would kill the bill. While Minnesota legislators were elected on a nonpartisan ballot, they caucused as "Liberals" or "Conservatives," roughly the equivalent in most years to Democratic or Farmer–Labor (later Democratic–Farmer–Labor) and Republican, respectively. In 1974, House members again ran with party designation. In 1976, Senate members again ran with party designation. Recent history Governor Jesse Ventura advocated the idea of changing the Legislature to be unicameral while he was in office, but the concept did not obtain widespread support. In 2004, the Legislature ended its regular session without acting on a majority of the planned legislation, largely due to political divisiveness on a variety of issues ranging from education to same-sex marriage (See same-sex marriage in the United States for related events during the year). A proper budget failed to pass, and major anticipated projects such as the Northstar Corridor commuter rail line were not approved. Governor Tim Pawlenty, an advocate of the line (formerly an opponent), was expected to request a special session, but ended up helping the coordination of other funds to continue development of the line. The lack of action in the 2004 session is said to be one reason why a number of Republican House members lost their seats in the November election. The Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL) minority grew from 53 to 66 and the Republican majority was reduced from 81 to 68.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Legislature
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_202347659#0_227888496
Title: Minnesota River - Wikipedia Headings: Minnesota River Minnesota River Contents Commercial significance Tributaries Cities and towns See also Notes and references Sources External links Content: Minnesota River - Wikipedia Minnesota River From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search River in Minnesota, United States Minnesota River The Mendota Bridge crossing the Minnesota River, just above its mouth Map of the Minnesota River Native name Watpá Mnísota Location Country United States State Minnesota Cities Bloomington, MN, Eden Prairie, MN, Mankato, MN, Shakopee, MN, Burnsville, MN, Eagan, MN, Le Sueur, MN Physical characteristics Source Big Stone Lake • location Big Stone Lake, Big Stone County, MN • elevation 964 ft (294 m) Mouth Mississippi River • location Near Fort Snelling in Minnesota, Hennepin County, MN • elevation 690 ft (210 m) Length 370 mi (600 km) Basin size 17,000 sq mi (44,000 km 2) Discharge • location Fort Snelling State Park • average 8,356 cubic feet (236.6 m 3) per sec. The Minnesota River ( Dakota: Mnísota Wakpá) is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles (534 km) long, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It drains a watershed of nearly 17,000 square miles (44,000 km 2 ), 14,751 square miles (38,200 km 2) in Minnesota and about 2,000 sq mi (5,200 km 2) in South Dakota and Iowa . It rises in southwestern Minnesota, in Big Stone Lake on the Minnesota–South Dakota border just south of the Laurentian Divide at the Traverse Gap portage. It flows southeast to Mankato, then turns northeast. It joins the Mississippi south of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, near the historic Fort Snelling. The valley is one of several distinct regions of Minnesota. The name Minnesota comes from the Dakota language phrase, "Mnisota Makoce" which is translated to "land where the waters reflect the sky", as a reference to the many lakes in Minnesota rather than the cloudiness of the actual river. For over a century prior to the organization of the Minnesota Territory in 1849, the name St. Pierre (St. Peter) had been generally applied to the river by French and English explorers and writers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_River
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_202347659#1_227890957
Title: Minnesota River - Wikipedia Headings: Minnesota River Minnesota River Contents Commercial significance Tributaries Cities and towns See also Notes and references Sources External links Content: It flows southeast to Mankato, then turns northeast. It joins the Mississippi south of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, near the historic Fort Snelling. The valley is one of several distinct regions of Minnesota. The name Minnesota comes from the Dakota language phrase, "Mnisota Makoce" which is translated to "land where the waters reflect the sky", as a reference to the many lakes in Minnesota rather than the cloudiness of the actual river. For over a century prior to the organization of the Minnesota Territory in 1849, the name St. Pierre (St. Peter) had been generally applied to the river by French and English explorers and writers. Minnesota River is shown on the 1757 edition of Mitchell Map as "Ouadebameniſsouté [ Watpá Mnísota] or R. St. Peter". On June 19, 1852, acting upon a request from the Minnesota territorial legislature, the United States Congress decreed the aboriginal name for the river, Minnesota, to be the river’s official name and ordered all agencies of the federal government to use that name when referencing it. The valley that the Minnesota River flows in is up to five miles (8 km) wide and 250 feet (80 m) deep. It was carved into the landscape by the massive glacial River Warren between 11,700 and 9,400 years ago at the end of the last ice age in North America. Pierre-Charles Le Sueur was the first European known to have traveled along the river.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_River
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_209479689#3_235948367
Title: Miranda v. Arizona - Wikipedia Headings: Miranda v. Arizona Miranda v. Arizona From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Background Legal Factual Supreme Court decision Opinion of the Court Clark's concurrence in part, dissent in part Harlan's dissent White's dissent Subsequent developments Retrial Reaction Miranda warning Legal developments Effect on law enforcement In popular culture See also References Further reading External links Content: rehearing denied, Ariz. Supreme Ct. March 11, 1969; cert. denied, 396 U.S. 868 (1969). Holding The Fifth Amendment right against self incrimination requires law enforcement officials to advise a suspect interrogated in custody of their rights to remain silent and to obtain an attorney, at no charge if need be. Supreme Court of Arizona reversed and remanded. Court membership Chief Justice Earl Warren Associate Justices Hugo Black · William O. Douglas Tom C. Clark · John M. Harlan II William J. Brennan Jr. · Potter Stewart Byron White · Abe Fortas Case opinions Majority Warren, joined by Black, Douglas, Brennan, Fortas Concur/dissent Clark Dissent Harlan, joined by Stewart, White Dissent White, joined by Harlan, Stewart Laws applied U.S. Const. amends. V, VI, XIV Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution restricts prosecutors from using a person's statements made in response to interrogation in police custody as evidence at their trial unless they can show that the person was informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning, and of the right against self-incrimination before police questioning, and that the defendant not only understood these rights, but voluntarily waived them. Miranda was viewed by many as a radical change in American criminal law, since the Fifth Amendment was traditionally understood only to protect Americans against formal types of compulsion to confess, such as threats of contempt of court.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_v._Arizona
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_209479689#9_235963425
Title: Miranda v. Arizona - Wikipedia Headings: Miranda v. Arizona Miranda v. Arizona From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Background Legal Factual Supreme Court decision Opinion of the Court Clark's concurrence in part, dissent in part Harlan's dissent White's dissent Subsequent developments Retrial Reaction Miranda warning Legal developments Effect on law enforcement In popular culture See also References Further reading External links Content: Attorney John Paul Frank, former law clerk to Justice Hugo Black, represented Miranda in his appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Gary K. Nelson represented Arizona. Supreme Court decision On June 13, 1966, the Supreme Court issued a 5–4 decision in Miranda's favor that overturned his conviction and remanded his case back to Arizona for retrial. Opinion of the Court Chief Justice Earl Warren, the author of the majority opinion in Miranda Five justices formed the majority and joined an opinion written by Chief Justice Earl Warren. The Court ruled that because of the coercive nature of the custodial interrogation by police (Warren cited several police training manuals that had not been provided in the arguments), no confession could be admissible under the Fifth Amendment self-incrimination clause and Sixth Amendment right to an attorney unless a suspect has been made aware of his rights and the suspect has then waived them: The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right to remain silent, and that anything he says will be used against him in court; he must be clearly informed that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer with him during interrogation, and that, if he is indigent, a lawyer will be appointed to represent him. Thus, Miranda's conviction was overturned. The Court also made clear what must happen if a suspect chooses to exercise his or her rights: If the individual indicates in any manner, at any time prior to or during questioning, that he wishes to remain silent, the interrogation must cease ... If the individual states that he wants an attorney, the interrogation must cease until an attorney is present.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_v._Arizona
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_220791411#14_248710266
Title: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo - Wikipedia Headings: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo Contents History Relocation to Carmel Valley Serra's headquarters Indian baptisms Forced labor Crops and livestock Secularized and abandoned Restoration Modern use Modern restoration Vandalism Notable interments See also References Bibliography External links Content: The Mission reported to Mexico that it had 2,180 horses and cattle, and 4,160 smaller livestock, including sheep. The total grain harvested was about 3,700 bushels per year with a high of 7,400 in 1797. In December 1832, the mission reported to Mexico that it had 2,100 cattle, 3,300 sheep, 410 horses, and 8 mules. Secularized and abandoned Main article: Mexican secularization act of 1833 The Mexican government was concerned that the missions remained loyal to the Catholic Church in Spain. Only eight months later, in August 1833, the government secularized all of the missions and their valuable lands. The government stipulated that half the mission lands should be awarded to the native people, but this purpose was never accomplished. Most mission property was bought by government officials or their wealthy friends. The priests could not maintain the missions without the Indians' forced labor and the mission and lands were soon abandoned. The Indians were forced from the mission by the new landowners.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Carlos_Borromeo_de_Carmelo
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_221962598#1_250209432
Title: Mississippi River - Wikipedia Headings: Mississippi River Mississippi River Contents Name and significance Divisions Upper Mississippi Middle Mississippi Lower Mississippi Watershed Outflow Course changes Prehistoric courses Historic course changes New Madrid Seismic Zone Length Depth Cultural geography State boundaries Communities along the river Bridge crossings Navigation and flood control 19th century 20th century 21st century History Native Americans European exploration Colonization Steamboat era Civil War 20th and 21st centuries Future Recreation Ecology Fish Other fauna Introduced species See also References Further reading External links Content: Mihsi-siipiiwi, Cheyenne: Ma'xeé'ometāā'e, Kiowa: Xósáu, Arapaho: Beesniicie, Pawnee: Kickaátit Mississippi River near Fire Point in Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa Mississippi River basin Etymology Ojibwe Misi-ziibi, meaning "Great River" Nickname (s) "Old Man River," "Father of Waters" Location Country United States State Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana Cities Saint Cloud, MN, Minneapolis, MN, St. Paul, MN, La Crosse, WI, Quad Cities, IA/IL, St. Louis, MO, Memphis, TN, Greenville, MS, Vicksburg, MS, Baton Rouge, LA, New Orleans, LA Physical characteristics Source Lake Itasca (traditional) • location Itasca State Park, Clearwater County, MN • coordinates 47°14′23″N 95°12′27″W  /  47.23972°N 95.20750°W  / 47.23972; -95.20750 • elevation 1,475 ft (450 m) Mouth Gulf of Mexico • location Pilottown, Plaquemines Parish, LA • coordinates 29°09′04″N 89°15′12″W  /  29.15111°N 89.25333°W  / 29.15111; -89.25333 Coordinates: 29°09′04″N 89°15′12″W  /  29.15111°N 89.25333°W  / 29.15111; -89.25333 • elevation 0 ft (0 m) Length 2,320 mi (3,730 km) Basin size 1,151,000 sq mi (2,980,000 km 2) Discharge • location mouth; max and min at Baton Rouge, LA • average 593,000 cu ft/s (16,800 m 3 /s) • minimum 159,000 cu ft/s (4,500 m 3 /s) • maximum 3,065,000 cu ft/s (86,800 m 3 /s) Discharge • location St. Louis • average 168,000 cu ft/s (4,800 m 3 /s) Basin features Tributaries • left St. Croix River, Wisconsin River, Rock River, Illinois River, Kaskaskia River, Ohio River, Yazoo River, Big Black River • right Minnesota River, Des Moines River, Missouri River, White River, Arkansas River, Ouachita River, Red River, Atchafalaya River The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississipi_river
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_221962598#2_250212564
Title: Mississippi River - Wikipedia Headings: Mississippi River Mississippi River Contents Name and significance Divisions Upper Mississippi Middle Mississippi Lower Mississippi Watershed Outflow Course changes Prehistoric courses Historic course changes New Madrid Seismic Zone Length Depth Cultural geography State boundaries Communities along the river Bridge crossings Navigation and flood control 19th century 20th century 21st century History Native Americans European exploration Colonization Steamboat era Civil War 20th and 21st centuries Future Recreation Ecology Fish Other fauna Introduced species See also References Further reading External links Content: -95.20750 • elevation 1,475 ft (450 m) Mouth Gulf of Mexico • location Pilottown, Plaquemines Parish, LA • coordinates 29°09′04″N 89°15′12″W  /  29.15111°N 89.25333°W  / 29.15111; -89.25333 Coordinates: 29°09′04″N 89°15′12″W  /  29.15111°N 89.25333°W  / 29.15111; -89.25333 • elevation 0 ft (0 m) Length 2,320 mi (3,730 km) Basin size 1,151,000 sq mi (2,980,000 km 2) Discharge • location mouth; max and min at Baton Rouge, LA • average 593,000 cu ft/s (16,800 m 3 /s) • minimum 159,000 cu ft/s (4,500 m 3 /s) • maximum 3,065,000 cu ft/s (86,800 m 3 /s) Discharge • location St. Louis • average 168,000 cu ft/s (4,800 m 3 /s) Basin features Tributaries • left St. Croix River, Wisconsin River, Rock River, Illinois River, Kaskaskia River, Ohio River, Yazoo River, Big Black River • right Minnesota River, Des Moines River, Missouri River, White River, Arkansas River, Ouachita River, Red River, Atchafalaya River The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it flows generally south for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 32 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian mountains. The main stem is entirely within the United States; the total drainage basin is 1,151,000 sq mi (2,980,000 km 2 ), of which only about one percent is in Canada. The Mississippi ranks as the fifteenth-largest river by discharge in the world.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississipi_river
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_221962598#8_250228941
Title: Mississippi River - Wikipedia Headings: Mississippi River Mississippi River Contents Name and significance Divisions Upper Mississippi Middle Mississippi Lower Mississippi Watershed Outflow Course changes Prehistoric courses Historic course changes New Madrid Seismic Zone Length Depth Cultural geography State boundaries Communities along the river Bridge crossings Navigation and flood control 19th century 20th century 21st century History Native Americans European exploration Colonization Steamboat era Civil War 20th and 21st centuries Future Recreation Ecology Fish Other fauna Introduced species See also References Further reading External links Content: and the Lower Mississippi, which flows from the Ohio to the Gulf of Mexico. Upper Mississippi Main article: Upper Mississippi River The beginning of the Mississippi River at Lake Itasca (2004) Former head of navigation, St. Anthony Falls Confluence of the Wisconsin and Mississippi Rivers, viewed from Wyalusing State Park in Wisconsin The Upper Mississippi runs from its headwaters to its confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri. It is divided into two sections: The headwaters, 493 miles (793 km) from the source to Saint Anthony Falls in Minneapolis, Minnesota; and A navigable channel, formed by a series of man-made lakes between Minneapolis and St. Louis, Missouri, some 664 miles (1,069 km). The source of the Upper Mississippi branch is traditionally accepted as Lake Itasca, 1,475 feet (450 m) above sea level in Itasca State Park in Clearwater County, Minnesota. The name Itasca was chosen to designate the "true head" of the Mississippi River as a combination of the last four letters of the Latin word for truth ( veritas) and the first two letters of the Latin word for head ( caput ). However, the lake is in turn fed by a number of smaller streams. From its origin at Lake Itasca to St. Louis, Missouri, the waterway's flow is moderated by 43 dams.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississipi_river
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228950291#0_258159862
Title: Mithila - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila Mithila Contents Places People Other uses See also Content: Mithila - Wikipedia Mithila From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Mithila may refer to: Contents 1 Places 2 People 3 Other uses 4 See also Places Mithila, a synonym for the ancient Kingdom of the Videhas Mithila (ancient city), the ancient capital city of Videha or Tirhut Mithila (region), a cultural region (historical and contemporary), now divided between India and Nepal History of Mithila Region Mithila (proposed Indian state) People Mithila Prasad Tripathi, Indian poet of Sanskrit language Mithila Sharma, Nepalese dancer and actor Rafiath Rashid Mithila (born 1984), Bengali model, actress, and singer Mithila Palkar (born 1993), Indian actress Other uses Mithila (moth), a genus of moths of the family Erebidae Mithila painting, an Indian painting style See also All pages with titles containing Mithila Disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mithila. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithila&oldid=999738876 " Categories: Disambiguation pages Place name disambiguation pages Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages with short descriptions Short description is different from Wikidata All article disambiguation pages All disambiguation pages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#0_258161708
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Mithila (proposed Indian state) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia (Redirected from Mithila, India) Jump to navigation Jump to search This article is about the proposed state of India. For the historic region, see Mithila (region). Proposed state in India Mithila Proposed state Country India Region Eastern India Proposed divisions List Tirhut division Darbhanga division Kosi division Purnia division Bhagalpur division Munger division Santhal Pargana division Language Maithili Mithila is a proposed state in India, comprising the Maithili speaking region of Bihar and Jharkhand. The Maithili language has own traditional script, known as Mithilakshar. It is part of the historical Mithila region. The proposed state will also include some Angika and Bajjika speaking districts which are considered by some to be dialects of Maithili. What will be the capital city of Mithila, India is still to be decided. There was also a movement in the Maithili speaking areas of Nepal for a separate state which ended in 2015, after Constitution of Nepal (2015) ensured it in form of province two. Contents 1 History 2 Proposed Districts 3 Political support 3.1 Bharatiya Janata Party 3.2 Janata Dal (United) 4 See also 5 References 6 External links History Dr Laksman Jha and Others demanded a Mithila state shortly after independence and the former Chief Minister of Bihar, Jagannath Mishra has also expressed support for the creation of the state. Various organisations have been formed that demand the formation of a state including the Maithil Mahasabha and the Mithilanchal Vikash Congress the former received support from Raj Darbhanga.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#2_258165776
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: Various demonstrations have taken place demanding a Mithila state with a major protest taking place in Delhi in 2009 organised by the Akhil Bharatiya Mithila Rajya Sangharsh Samiti. Mithila Student Union is the organisation of young and dynamic students of Mithila (region), however it has not cleared its stand on separate state till date. Proposed Districts This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Araria district Begusarai district Bhagalpur district Darbhanga district Deoghar district Dumka district East Champaran Godda district Jamtara district Jamui district Katihar district Khagaria district Kishanganj district Lakhisarai district Madhepura district Madhubani district Munger district Muzaffarpur district Pakur district Purnia district Saharsa district Sahebganj district Samastipur district Sheohar district Sitamarhi district Supaul district Vaishali district West Champaran Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Former BJP MP Kirti Azad from Darbhanga (Current Congress leader) has organised multiple dharnas and protests in support of Mithila. He has also launched a signature campaign in Mithila aiming to raise awareness. Senior BJP leader, Tarakant Jha, former chairman of Bihar Legislative Council, has organised public rallies supporting Mithila. Janata Dal (United) In November 2011, Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar also extended his support for the statehood of Mithila. Shravan Chaudhary, JDU state president, has openly supported the demand for the statehood of Mithila.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#3_258167945
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: March 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Araria district Begusarai district Bhagalpur district Darbhanga district Deoghar district Dumka district East Champaran Godda district Jamtara district Jamui district Katihar district Khagaria district Kishanganj district Lakhisarai district Madhepura district Madhubani district Munger district Muzaffarpur district Pakur district Purnia district Saharsa district Sahebganj district Samastipur district Sheohar district Sitamarhi district Supaul district Vaishali district West Champaran Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Former BJP MP Kirti Azad from Darbhanga (Current Congress leader) has organised multiple dharnas and protests in support of Mithila. He has also launched a signature campaign in Mithila aiming to raise awareness. Senior BJP leader, Tarakant Jha, former chairman of Bihar Legislative Council, has organised public rallies supporting Mithila. Janata Dal (United) In November 2011, Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar also extended his support for the statehood of Mithila. Shravan Chaudhary, JDU state president, has openly supported the demand for the statehood of Mithila. See also Mithila, Nepal Maithili language Maithil Saharsa Darbhanga References ^ a bKumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. p. 146. ISBN 9788170226918. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#4_258169828
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: See also Mithila, Nepal Maithili language Maithil Saharsa Darbhanga References ^ a bKumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. p. 146. ISBN 9788170226918. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. ^ L. P. Vidyarthi (1981). " Development of Researches in Anthropology in India: A Case Study of Bihar". Archived from the original on 20 February 2017.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#5_258170694
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: Retrieved 16 February 2017. ^ L. P. Vidyarthi (1981). " Development of Researches in Anthropology in India: A Case Study of Bihar". Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017. ^ Gellner, D.; Pfaff-Czarnecka, J.; Whelpton, J. (6 December 2012). Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#6_258171459
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: Retrieved 19 February 2017. ^ Gellner, D.; Pfaff-Czarnecka, J.; Whelpton, J. (6 December 2012). Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics and Culture of contemporary Nepal. p. 251. ISBN 9781136649561. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#7_258172188
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: The Politics and Culture of contemporary Nepal. p. 251. ISBN 9781136649561. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017. ^ Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. pp. 148–152. ISBN 9788170226918.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#8_258172891
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: ^ Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. pp. 148–152. ISBN 9788170226918. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#10_258174450
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link) ^ "Demand for Mithila state gains momentum, politicians join demonstration at Jantar Mantar". Post.jagran.com. 2 August 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017. CS1 maint:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#12_258175990
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: archived copy as title ( link) ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2012. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link) ^ "article". Post.jagran.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "राज्य पुनर्गठन : व्यापक हो नजरिया « संपादकीय ब्लॉग".
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#13_258176962
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: Post.jagran.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "राज्य पुनर्गठन : व्यापक हो नजरिया « संपादकीय ब्लॉग". Jagraneditorial.jagranjunction.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "जेडी (यू) ने पृथक मिथिला राज्य की मांग का समर्थन किया- Navbharat Times". Navbharat Times.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#14_258178159
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: Jagraneditorial.jagranjunction.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "जेडी (यू) ने पृथक मिथिला राज्य की मांग का समर्थन किया- Navbharat Times". Navbharat Times. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2012. External links मिथिला संस्कृति विकास समिति (Mithila Culture Development Committee) राष्ट्रिय मिथिला कला संस्थान (National Institute of Mithila Art) मिथिला now v t e Historical regions of North India Ahirwal Awadh Bagelkhand Bagar Baltistan Bhojpur Braj Bundelkhand Dardistan Doaba Dhundhar Garhwal Godwar Hadoti Jammu Kashmir Kumaon Ladakh Majha Malwa (Punjab) Marwar Mewar Mewat Purvanchal Rohilkhand Shekhawati Vagad v t e Proposed states and union territories of India Proposed states Awadh Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh) Baghelkhand (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh) Bhojpur (Bihar/Uttar Pradesh) Bodoland (Assam) Braj Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh) Bundelkhand (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh) Delhi Dimaraji (Assam/Nagaland) Garoland (Meghalaya) Gondwana (Chhattisgarh/Madhya Pradesh/Odisha) Gorkhaland (West Bengal) Harit Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh) Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) Kamtapur (West Bengal) Karbi Anglong (Assam) Karu Nadu (Karnataka) Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) Khandesh (Maharashtra) Kodagu (Karnataka) Kongu Nadu (Tamil Nadu) Konkan (Goa/Karnataka/Maharashtra) Kosal (Odisha) Kutch (Gujarat) Mahakoshal (Madhya Pradesh) Malabar (Kerala) Malwa (Madhya Pradesh) Marathwada (Maharashtra) Maru Pradesh (Rajasthan) Mithila (Bihar) Panun Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) Purvanchal (Uttar Pradesh) Rarhbhumi (Odisha) Rayalaseema (Andhra Pradesh) Saurashtra (Gujarat) Tipraland (Tripura) Tulu Nadu (Karnataka/Kerala) Vidarbha (Maharashtra) Vindhya Pradesh (Madhya Pradesh) Proposed union territories Karaikal (Puducherry) Current states and union territories of India v t e Ramayana Ikshvaku dynasty Dasharatha Kausalya Sumitra Kaikeyi Shanta Rama Bharata Lakshmana Shatrughna Sita Urmila Mandavi Shrutakirti Lava Kusha (genealogy) Vanara Hanuman Sugriva Vali Angada Tara Rumā Nala Nila Kesari Anjana Makardhwaja Rakshasa Ravana Vibhishana Kumbhakarna Indrajit Akshayakumara Atikaya Kabandha Khara Dushan Mandodari Dhanyamalini Lavanasura Malyavan Maricha Mayasura Narantaka-Devantaka Prahasta Sarama Subahu Sulochana Sumali Shurpanakha Tataka Trijata Trishira Viradha Sages Agastya Ahalya Arundhati Bharadwaja Kambhoja Parashurama Vasistha Vishvamitra Rishyasringa Other characters and concepts Lakshmana rekha Jambavan Janaka Kushadhwaja Jatayu Manthara Ashwapati Sampati Shabari Shravan Vedavati Shambuka Maya Sita Places Ayodhya Mithila Dandakaranya Kishkindha Lanka Oshadhiparvata Books/Kandas Bala Ayodhya Aranya Kishkindha Sundara Yuddha Uttara Versions Adbhuta Ramayana Adhyathmaramayanam Adhyatma Ramayana Ananda Ramayana Bhaṭṭikāvya Hikayat Seri Rama Jagamohana Ramayana Kakawin Ramayana Kamba Ramayanam Krittivasi Ramayana Maharadia Lawana Phra Lak Phra Ram Raghunatha Ramayana Ramakien Ramcharitmanas Ranganatha Ramayanamu Reamker Saptakanda Ramayana Sri Ramayana Darshanam Sri Ramayanamu Vilanka Ramayana Yama Zatdaw Related Ramlila { { Films based on the Ramayana }} Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithila_ (proposed_Indian_state)&oldid=1003305546 " Categories: Locations in Hindu mythology Mithila Ancient Indian cities Historical Indian regions Proposed states and union territories of India Places in the Ramayana Former capital cities in India Hidden categories: CS1 maint:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#15_258182766
Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state) Mithila (proposed Indian state) Contents History Proposed Districts Political support Bharatiya Janata Party Janata Dal (United) See also References External links Content: 22 January 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2012. External links मिथिला संस्कृति विकास समिति (Mithila Culture Development Committee) राष्ट्रिय मिथिला कला संस्थान (National Institute of Mithila Art) मिथिला now v t e Historical regions of North India Ahirwal Awadh Bagelkhand Bagar Baltistan Bhojpur Braj Bundelkhand Dardistan Doaba Dhundhar Garhwal Godwar Hadoti Jammu Kashmir Kumaon Ladakh Majha Malwa (Punjab) Marwar Mewar Mewat Purvanchal Rohilkhand Shekhawati Vagad v t e Proposed states and union territories of India Proposed states Awadh Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh) Baghelkhand (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh) Bhojpur (Bihar/Uttar Pradesh) Bodoland (Assam) Braj Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh) Bundelkhand (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh) Delhi Dimaraji (Assam/Nagaland) Garoland (Meghalaya) Gondwana (Chhattisgarh/Madhya Pradesh/Odisha) Gorkhaland (West Bengal) Harit Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh) Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir) Kamtapur (West Bengal) Karbi Anglong (Assam) Karu Nadu (Karnataka) Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) Khandesh (Maharashtra) Kodagu (Karnataka) Kongu Nadu (Tamil Nadu) Konkan (Goa/Karnataka/Maharashtra) Kosal (Odisha) Kutch (Gujarat) Mahakoshal (Madhya Pradesh) Malabar (Kerala) Malwa (Madhya Pradesh) Marathwada (Maharashtra) Maru Pradesh (Rajasthan) Mithila (Bihar) Panun Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir) Purvanchal (Uttar Pradesh) Rarhbhumi (Odisha) Rayalaseema (Andhra Pradesh) Saurashtra (Gujarat) Tipraland (Tripura) Tulu Nadu (Karnataka/Kerala) Vidarbha (Maharashtra) Vindhya Pradesh (Madhya Pradesh) Proposed union territories Karaikal (Puducherry) Current states and union territories of India v t e Ramayana Ikshvaku dynasty Dasharatha Kausalya Sumitra Kaikeyi Shanta Rama Bharata Lakshmana Shatrughna Sita Urmila Mandavi Shrutakirti Lava Kusha (genealogy) Vanara Hanuman Sugriva Vali Angada Tara Rumā Nala Nila Kesari Anjana Makardhwaja Rakshasa Ravana Vibhishana Kumbhakarna Indrajit Akshayakumara Atikaya Kabandha Khara Dushan Mandodari Dhanyamalini Lavanasura Malyavan Maricha Mayasura Narantaka-Devantaka Prahasta Sarama Subahu Sulochana Sumali Shurpanakha Tataka Trijata Trishira Viradha Sages Agastya Ahalya Arundhati Bharadwaja Kambhoja Parashurama Vasistha Vishvamitra Rishyasringa Other characters and concepts Lakshmana rekha Jambavan Janaka Kushadhwaja Jatayu Manthara Ashwapati Sampati Shabari Shravan Vedavati Shambuka Maya Sita Places Ayodhya Mithila Dandakaranya Kishkindha Lanka Oshadhiparvata Books/Kandas Bala Ayodhya Aranya Kishkindha Sundara Yuddha Uttara Versions Adbhuta Ramayana Adhyathmaramayanam Adhyatma Ramayana Ananda Ramayana Bhaṭṭikāvya Hikayat Seri Rama Jagamohana Ramayana Kakawin Ramayana Kamba Ramayanam Krittivasi Ramayana Maharadia Lawana Phra Lak Phra Ram Raghunatha Ramayana Ramakien Ramcharitmanas Ranganatha Ramayanamu Reamker Saptakanda Ramayana Sri Ramayana Darshanam Sri Ramayanamu Vilanka Ramayana Yama Zatdaw Related Ramlila { { Films based on the Ramayana }} Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithila_ (proposed_Indian_state)&oldid=1003305546 " Categories: Locations in Hindu mythology Mithila Ancient Indian cities Historical Indian regions Proposed states and union territories of India Places in the Ramayana Former capital cities in India Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title Use Indian English from March 2018 All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English Use dmy dates from December 2020 Articles with short description Short description is different from Wikidata Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates Articles needing additional references from March 2019 All articles needing additional references Bihar articles missing geocoordinate data All articles needing coordinates
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#0_268872852
Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia Headings: Mobile phones in prison Mobile phones in prison Contents Reasons cell phones are prohibited Methods of smuggling Uses by prisoners Combating mobile phones in prisons References External links Content: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia Mobile phones in prison From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search In most jurisdictions, prison inmates are forbidden from possessing mobile phones due to their ability to communicate with the outside world and other security issues. Mobile phones are one of the most smuggled items into prisons. They provide inmates the ability to make and receive unauthorized phone calls, send email and text messages, use social media, and follow news pertaining to their case, among other forbidden uses. Contents 1 Reasons cell phones are prohibited 2 Methods of smuggling 3 Uses by prisoners 4 Combating mobile phones in prisons 5 References 6 External links Reasons cell phones are prohibited Security concerns are often cited for why cell-phones are prohibited in prisons. Cellphones in prisons have been used to organize work stoppages for prison labor between prisons. Forced Penal labor in the United States is a common practice. Cell phones in prison are used by prisoners to communicate with family and loved ones. Prisoners can be isolated, prison phone calls can be expensive, and the prisons get profits from the phone calls. The rates are controversial. Prisons have a profit motive to ban cell phones.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#2_268876103
Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia Headings: Mobile phones in prison Mobile phones in prison Contents Reasons cell phones are prohibited Methods of smuggling Uses by prisoners Combating mobile phones in prisons References External links Content: Methods of smuggling Most mobile phones are smuggled in by prison staff, who often do not have to go through security as rigorously as visitors. Security of staff is often less intense because this would be time-consuming on the part of the staff, union prison employees are paid for this time, and it would increase the overall cost of operations. More rarely, they are smuggled in by visitors, who must undergo tougher security checks, by inmates who are permitted to leave, or by outsiders who establish contact with inmates alongside the prison fence. Once inside prison walls, the devices end up in the hands of inmates who purchase them with cash, which is also contraband in most prisons. Black market prices vary by prison, and can be up to US$1000. Uses by prisoners While some prisoners use their mobile devices simply for harmless communication or web browsing, others use them for illegal activity. These may include gang control, taunting witnesses, planning escapes, or arrangement of other serious crimes. Prisoners may also use smart phones to gather intelligence on prison staff and to coordinate clandestine activity within the facility. Federal prosecutors charged five South Carolina prisoners with conning at least 442 service members out of a total of more than half a million dollars in November 2018. Two other South Carolina prisoners, John William Dobbins and Carl Richard Smith await trial for multiple scams operated using contraband cell phones out of Lee Correctional Institution, including one catfishing scam that ended in the suicide of army veteran Jared Johns.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#3_268878137
Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia Headings: Mobile phones in prison Mobile phones in prison Contents Reasons cell phones are prohibited Methods of smuggling Uses by prisoners Combating mobile phones in prisons References External links Content: Uses by prisoners While some prisoners use their mobile devices simply for harmless communication or web browsing, others use them for illegal activity. These may include gang control, taunting witnesses, planning escapes, or arrangement of other serious crimes. Prisoners may also use smart phones to gather intelligence on prison staff and to coordinate clandestine activity within the facility. Federal prosecutors charged five South Carolina prisoners with conning at least 442 service members out of a total of more than half a million dollars in November 2018. Two other South Carolina prisoners, John William Dobbins and Carl Richard Smith await trial for multiple scams operated using contraband cell phones out of Lee Correctional Institution, including one catfishing scam that ended in the suicide of army veteran Jared Johns. Not all inmates use mobile phones for harmful purposes. Many inmates use them to hold innocuous conversations with family and friends. In South Carolina in September 2012, an inmate using an illegal mobile phone alerted authorities about an officer being held hostage, leading to that officer's rescue. Combating mobile phones in prisons Laws have been passed in various jurisdictions, placing penalties on inmates who possess mobile devices as well as staff who smuggle them in. Inmate penalties range from loss of privileges and behavior credits to additional sentencing.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#4_268879987
Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia Headings: Mobile phones in prison Mobile phones in prison Contents Reasons cell phones are prohibited Methods of smuggling Uses by prisoners Combating mobile phones in prisons References External links Content: Not all inmates use mobile phones for harmful purposes. Many inmates use them to hold innocuous conversations with family and friends. In South Carolina in September 2012, an inmate using an illegal mobile phone alerted authorities about an officer being held hostage, leading to that officer's rescue. Combating mobile phones in prisons Laws have been passed in various jurisdictions, placing penalties on inmates who possess mobile devices as well as staff who smuggle them in. Inmate penalties range from loss of privileges and behavior credits to additional sentencing. Staff penalties range from disciplinary action from job loss to criminal charges. Consideration has been given to using cell phone jammers inside of prison walls to render them ineffective. The practice of jamming cell phone signals is illegal in the United States. Exceptions to this law have been considered for prisons, though there is concern that a cell phone could be a guard's lifeline in a crisis, and other rescuers may need to use them for communication. Some places are using an experimental technology of managed communications that blocks the communications of inmates while continuing to allow that of others.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#5_268881622
Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia Headings: Mobile phones in prison Mobile phones in prison Contents Reasons cell phones are prohibited Methods of smuggling Uses by prisoners Combating mobile phones in prisons References External links Content: Staff penalties range from disciplinary action from job loss to criminal charges. Consideration has been given to using cell phone jammers inside of prison walls to render them ineffective. The practice of jamming cell phone signals is illegal in the United States. Exceptions to this law have been considered for prisons, though there is concern that a cell phone could be a guard's lifeline in a crisis, and other rescuers may need to use them for communication. Some places are using an experimental technology of managed communications that blocks the communications of inmates while continuing to allow that of others. This Managed Access System (MAS) technology was first deployed at Mississippi State Penitentiary in 2010 by Tecore Networks. Special dogs have been used to sniff for cell phones coming into prison walls. Mobile phones have a unique scent, and these dogs have been trained to detect it. One solution would be to enable the correctional facility to automatically detect and locate contraband 2G/3G/4G and WiFi mobile devices thereby enabling the facility staff to confiscate the phone and neutralize the threat completely. An automatic 24/7 detect and locate solution such as this bypasses the weaknesses inherent to jamming (e.g., phones of facility workers can be jammed);
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_244728361#1_275489411
Title: Modern architecture - Wikipedia Headings: Modern architecture Modern architecture Contents Origins Main article: Modernism Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914) Early American modernism (1890s–1914) Early skyscrapers Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931) International Style (1920s–1970s) Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933) Expressionist architecture (1918–1931) Constructivist architecture (1919–1931) Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928) Art Deco American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939) Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939) American modernism (1919–1939) Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators New York World's Fair (1939) World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945) Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952) Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985) Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison Philip Johnson Eero Saarinen Louis Kahn I. M. Pei Fazlur Rahman Khan Minoru Yamasaki Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975) Latin America Asia and the Pacific Africa Preservation See also References Bibliography External links Content: Center: Palácio do Planalto, Brasilia, by Oscar Niemeyer (1960); Fagus Factory, Germany, by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer (1911–1913): Bottom: Fallingwater, Pennsylvania, by Frank Lloyd Wright (1935); Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, by Jørn Utzon (1973) Years active 1920–2000 Country International Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form should follow function ( functionalism ); an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament. It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II until the 1980s, when it was gradually replaced as the principal style for institutional and corporate buildings by postmodern architecture.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_244728361#2_275491970
Title: Modern architecture - Wikipedia Headings: Modern architecture Modern architecture Contents Origins Main article: Modernism Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914) Early American modernism (1890s–1914) Early skyscrapers Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931) International Style (1920s–1970s) Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933) Expressionist architecture (1918–1931) Constructivist architecture (1919–1931) Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928) Art Deco American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939) Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939) American modernism (1919–1939) Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators New York World's Fair (1939) World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945) Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952) Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985) Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison Philip Johnson Eero Saarinen Louis Kahn I. M. Pei Fazlur Rahman Khan Minoru Yamasaki Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975) Latin America Asia and the Pacific Africa Preservation See also References Bibliography External links Content: Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, by Jørn Utzon (1973) Years active 1920–2000 Country International Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form should follow function ( functionalism ); an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament. It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II until the 1980s, when it was gradually replaced as the principal style for institutional and corporate buildings by postmodern architecture. Contents 1 Origins 2 Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914) 3 Early American modernism (1890s–1914) 3.1 Early skyscrapers 4 Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931) 4.1 International Style (1920s–1970s) 4.2 Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933) 4.3 Expressionist architecture (1918–1931) 4.4 Constructivist architecture (1919–1931) 4.5 Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928) 5 Art Deco 5.1 American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939) 5.2 Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939) 6 American modernism (1919–1939) 7 Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators 8 New York World's Fair (1939) 9 World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945) 10 Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952) 11 Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture 12 Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985) 12.1 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum 12.2 Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer 12.3 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 12.4 Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames 12.5 Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison 12.6 Philip Johnson 12.7 Eero Saarinen 12.8 Louis Kahn 12.9 I. M. Pei 12.10 Fazlur Rahman Khan 12.11 Minoru Yamasaki 13 Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975) 14 Latin America 15 Asia and the Pacific 16 Africa 17 Preservation 18 See also 19 References 20 Bibliography 21 External links Origins Main article: Modernism The Crystal Palace (1851) was one of the first buildings to have cast plate glass windows supported by a cast-iron frame The first house built of reinforced concrete, designed by François Coignet (1853) in Saint-Denis near Paris The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, by William Le Baron Jenney (1884) The Eiffel Tower being constructed (August 1887–89) Modern architecture emerged at the end of the 19th century from revolutions in technology, engineering and building materials, and from a desire to break away from historical architectural styles and to invent something that was purely functional and new.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_244728361#3_275496510
Title: Modern architecture - Wikipedia Headings: Modern architecture Modern architecture Contents Origins Main article: Modernism Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914) Early American modernism (1890s–1914) Early skyscrapers Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931) International Style (1920s–1970s) Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933) Expressionist architecture (1918–1931) Constructivist architecture (1919–1931) Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928) Art Deco American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939) Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939) American modernism (1919–1939) Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators New York World's Fair (1939) World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945) Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952) Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985) Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer Ludwig Mies van der Rohe Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison Philip Johnson Eero Saarinen Louis Kahn I. M. Pei Fazlur Rahman Khan Minoru Yamasaki Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975) Latin America Asia and the Pacific Africa Preservation See also References Bibliography External links Content: Contents 1 Origins 2 Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914) 3 Early American modernism (1890s–1914) 3.1 Early skyscrapers 4 Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931) 4.1 International Style (1920s–1970s) 4.2 Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933) 4.3 Expressionist architecture (1918–1931) 4.4 Constructivist architecture (1919–1931) 4.5 Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928) 5 Art Deco 5.1 American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939) 5.2 Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939) 6 American modernism (1919–1939) 7 Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators 8 New York World's Fair (1939) 9 World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945) 10 Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952) 11 Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture 12 Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985) 12.1 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum 12.2 Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer 12.3 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe 12.4 Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames 12.5 Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison 12.6 Philip Johnson 12.7 Eero Saarinen 12.8 Louis Kahn 12.9 I. M. Pei 12.10 Fazlur Rahman Khan 12.11 Minoru Yamasaki 13 Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975) 14 Latin America 15 Asia and the Pacific 16 Africa 17 Preservation 18 See also 19 References 20 Bibliography 21 External links Origins Main article: Modernism The Crystal Palace (1851) was one of the first buildings to have cast plate glass windows supported by a cast-iron frame The first house built of reinforced concrete, designed by François Coignet (1853) in Saint-Denis near Paris The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, by William Le Baron Jenney (1884) The Eiffel Tower being constructed (August 1887–89) Modern architecture emerged at the end of the 19th century from revolutions in technology, engineering and building materials, and from a desire to break away from historical architectural styles and to invent something that was purely functional and new. The revolution in materials came first, with the use of cast iron, drywall plate glass, and reinforced concrete, to build structures that were stronger, lighter and taller. The cast plate glass process was invented in 1848, allowing the manufacture of very large windows. The Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and plate glass construction, followed in 1864 by the first glass and metal curtain wall. These developments together led to the first steel-framed skyscraper, the ten-story Home Insurance Building in Chicago, built in 1884 by William Le Baron Jenney. The iron frame construction of the Eiffel Tower, then the tallest structure in the world, captured the imagination of millions of visitors to the 1889 Paris Universal Exposition.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_250837669#0_280928354
Title: Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram) - Wikipedia Headings: Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram) Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram) Contents Education and beliefs Personal life Death References External links Content: Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram) - Wikipedia Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram) From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other people with the same name, see Mohammad Yousuf. Militant Islamist leader Mohammed Yusuf Born ( 1970-01-29) 29 January 1970 Died 30 July 2009 (2009-07-30) (aged 39) Allegiance Boko Haram Years of service 2002–2007 Rank Leader Battles/wars 2009 Boko Haram uprising † Mohammed Yusuf (29 January 1970 – 30 July 2009), also known as Ustaz Mohammed Yusuf, was a Nigerian terrorist and founder of the militant Islamist group Boko Haram in 2002. He was its spiritual leader until he was killed in the 2009 Boko Haram uprising The group's official name is Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, which in Arabic means "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad". Born in Girgir village, in Jakusko, present-day Yobe State, Nigeria, Yusuf received a local education. Later he studied more of Islam and became a Salafi. Contents 1 Education and beliefs 2 Personal life 3 Death 4 References 5 External links Education and beliefs According to scholar Paul Lubeck of the University of California at Santa Cruz, as a young man Yusuf was instructed in Shiasm and erroneously associated with Salafism and the teachings of Ibn Taymiyyah. He had the equivalent of a graduate education, according to Nigerian academic Hussain Zakaria. Yusuf was never as proficient in English as was reported. He believed in strict application of Islamic law, which represented his ideal of justice according to the teachings of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Boko Haram hitmen would murder members of other Muslim sects like the Salafist Izala and the Sufi Tidjaniyya and Qadiriya fraternities.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Yusuf_%28Boko_Haram%29
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_260724585#0_291971451
Title: Monarchy of Ireland - Wikipedia Headings: Monarchy of Ireland Monarchy of Ireland Contents Gaelic kingdoms Ard Rí co febressa: High Kings with opposition High Kings of Ireland, 846–1198 Ruaidhrí, King of Ireland Lordship of Ireland: 1198–1542 Lords of Ireland, 1177–1542 Kingdom of Ireland, 1542–1800 Re-creation of title Union with Great Britain Partition: Irish Free State and Northern Ireland (1922–1936) Abdication crisis, President of Ireland and Republic of Ireland Act (1936–1949) List of monarchs of Ireland Monarchs of Ireland Monarchs of the Irish Free State and Ireland King's title, George V – George VI Proposed Irish monarchy References Citations Sources Content: Monarchy of Ireland - Wikipedia Monarchy of Ireland From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: " Monarchy of Ireland" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) "Queen of Ireland" redirects here. For other uses, see Queen of Ireland (disambiguation). Badge of the Kingdom of Ireland A monarchical system of government existed in Ireland from ancient times until the early twentieth century, when it transitioned to the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland, as part of the United Kingdom, remains under a monarchical system of government. The Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland ended with the Norman invasion of Ireland (1169–1171), when the kingdom became a fief of the Holy See under the Lordship of the King of England. This lasted until the Parliament of Ireland conferred the crown of Ireland upon King Henry VIII of England during the English Reformation.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_274499991#2_308203861
Title: Monster Hunt - Wikipedia Headings: Monster Hunt Monster Hunt From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Plot Cast Themes Production Development Filming Post production Music Release Marketing Reception Box office Controversy over box office performance Critical reception Awards and nominations Sequels Notes References External links Content: Cast Bai Baihe as Huo Xiaolan Jing Boran as Song Tianyin Jiang Wu as Luo Gang Elaine Jin Wallace Chung as Ge Qianhu Eric Tsang Sandra Ng Tang Wei Yao Chen Yan Ni Bao Jianfeng Wang Yuexin Guo Xiaodong Li Jingjing Cindy Tian Zhang Yuexuan Themes The main theme in Monster Hunt, according to Hui is acceptance (similar to the Shrek series which Hui was involved in). The message in the film is to understand and accept differences, to see the world through others' perspective and to foster more understanding between people and groups. Production Development Raman Hui directed film which is his first live action directorial debut Hui had long wanted to produce a movie in China. In an interview with the South China Morning Post he said that while overseeing sequences for the Gingerbread Man character in Shrek, he daydreamed about animating a character from a Hong Kong bakery, a Pineapple Bun Man. The idea for the film began in 2005 when Hui—who was living in Hollywood at that time—approached producer Bill Kong on the possibility of making an animated movie in China. But Kong who had no experience with animated film turned the proposal down. The two, who had known each other for 20 years, met as Kong used to distribute movies for DreamWorks Animation in China. But about three years later in 2008, Kong, while visiting Hollywood, invited Hui out for drinks on Sunset Boulevard and asked him if he could make a live-action film with computer graphics for him. Hui, who hadn't done any live-action movies simply said, "Sure, I'll give it a try." Kong introduced Hui to Hong Kong writer Alan Yuen to see what they could come up with.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_Hunt
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_276182153#3_310207827
Title: Mont Blanc massif - Wikipedia Headings: Mont Blanc massif Mont Blanc massif Contents Geography Main peaks and ridges of the Mont Blanc massif Summits Glaciers Geology See also: Geology of the Alps Minerals Climate Ecology Flora Fauna Human history Early history Tourist beginnings Modern tourism Scientific research Modern military history Incidents and tragedies Access Mountain huts Environmental protection Espace Mont Blanc Protected statuses See also Notes References Further reading External links Content: it also marks the border between two climate regions by separating the northern and western Alps from the southern Alps. The mountains of the massif consist mostly of granite and gneiss rocks and at high altitudes the vegetation is an arctic-alpine flora. The valleys that delimit the massif were used as communication routes by the Romans until they left around the 5th century AD. The region remained of some military importance through to the mid-20th century. A peasant farming economy operated within these valleys for many centuries until the glaciers and mountains were "discovered" by the outside world in the 18th century. Word of these impressive sights began to spread, and Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, marking the start of the sport of mountaineering. The region is now a major tourist destination, drawing in over six million visitors per year. It provides a wide range of opportunities for outdoor recreation and activities such as sight-seeing, hiking, rock climbing, mountaineering and skiing. Around one hundred people a year die across its mountains and, occasionally, bodies have been lost and entombed in its glaciers for decades. Access into the mountains is facilitated by cable cars, mountain railways and mountain huts which offer overnight refuge to climbers and skiers.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Blanc_massif
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_281807001#8_316495362
Title: Monticello Dam - Wikipedia Headings: Monticello Dam Monticello Dam From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Contents Statistics History Spillway Environmental impacts See also References Sources External links Content: However, locals strongly favored that Solano be financed and operated separately from the CVP. A Senate hearing in 1953 confirmed that Solano would be constructed as an independent project. Land purchases in the future reservoir area were made in early 1953; however, landowners were allowed to stay throughout the construction period until their property was actually flooded by rising lake levels. The inhabitants of Berryessa Valley vehemently opposed the project, as did the city of Winters (one of the would-be beneficiaries of the project) because of close social ties to the town of Monticello. Opponents of the big dam proposed that a series of smaller reservoirs be constructed to supply the water, but this was deemed uneconomical. Most of Monticello's residents moved out by summer 1956, as rising waters approached the town. After the area was vacated, crews deforested the valley and demolished the existing buildings and infrastructure. About 300 graves had to be relocated to higher ground. Photographers Dorothea Lange and Pirkle Jones documented the town and its people before the town was flooded by the dam;
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monticello_Dam
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_283022393#15_317784594
Title: Montrose, West Virginia - Wikipedia Headings: Montrose, West Virginia Montrose, West Virginia Contents Geography Demographics 2010 census 2000 census References Content: ISBN 0-89933-246-3. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved 2013-01-24. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. v t e Municipalities and communities of Randolph County, West Virginia, United States County seat: Elkins City Elkins Towns Beverly Harman Huttonsville Mill Creek Montrose Womelsdorf (Coalton) CDPs Bowden Dailey East Dailey Helvetia Pickens Valley Bend Valley Head Whitmer Unincorporated communities Adolph Aggregates Alpena Arnold Hill Bemis Blue Spring Brady Gate Bruxton Canfield Cassity Cheat Bridge Cubana Crystal Springs Czar Dryfork Elkwater Ellamore ‡ Evenwood Fairview (near Elkins) Fairview (near Helvetia) Faulkner Fisher Flint Glady Harding Hazelwood Horton Jimtown Job Kerens Lee Bell Little Italy Loda Mabie Mingo Monterville Newlonton Norton Orr Pumpkintown Read Silica Spangler Sullivan Sully Suncrest Tigheville Upper Mingo Weaver Weese Whyte Wymer Ghost towns Kuntzville Lumber Montes Osceola Perlytown Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties United States portal v t e Municipalities of West Virginia Cities Beckley Benwood Bluefield Bridgeport Buckhannon Cameron Ceredo Charles Town Charleston Chester Clarksburg Dunbar Elkins Fairmont Follansbee Gary Glen Dale Grafton Hinton Huntington Hurricane Kenova Keyser Kingwood Lewisburg Logan Madison Mannington Marmet Martinsburg McMechen Montgomery Morgantown Moundsville Mount Hope Mullens New Cumberland New Martinsville Nitro Oak Hill Paden City Parkersburg Parsons Pennsboro Petersburg Philippi Pleasant Valley Point Pleasant Princeton Ranson Ravenswood Richwood Ripley Romney Ronceverte Salem Shinnston Sistersville Smithers South Charleston Spencer St. Albans St. Marys Stonewood Thomas Vienna War Weirton Welch Wellsburg Weston Westover Wheeling White Sulphur Springs Williamson Williamstown Towns Addison (Webster Springs) Albright Alderson Anawalt Anmoore Ansted Athens Auburn Bancroft Barrackville Belmont Bath (Berkeley Springs) Bayard Belington Belle Bethany Beverly Blacksville Bolivar Bradshaw Bramwell Brandonville Bruceton Mills Buffalo Burnsville Cairo Camden-on-Gauley Capon Bridge Carpendale Cedar Grove Chapmanville Chesapeake Clay Clendenin Cowen Danville Davis Davy Delbarton Durbin East Bank Eleanor Elizabeth Elk Garden Ellenboro Fairview Falling Spring Farmington Fayetteville Flatwoods Flemington Fort Gay Franklin Friendly Gassaway Gauley Bridge Gilbert Glasgow Glenville Grant Town Grantsville Granville Hambleton Hamlin Handley Harman Harpers Ferry Harrisville Hartford City Hedgesville Henderson Hendricks Hillsboro Hundred Huttonsville Iaeger Jane Lew Junior Kermit Kimball Leon Lester Lost Creek Lumberport Mabscott Man Marlinton Mason Masontown Matewan Matoaka Meadow Bridge Middlebourne Mill Creek Milton Mitchell Heights Monongah Montrose Moorefield New Haven Newburg North Hills Northfork Nutter Fort Oakvale Oceana Paw Paw Pax Peterstown Piedmont Pine Grove Pineville Poca Pratt Pullman Quinwood Rainelle Reedsville Reedy Ridgeley Rivesville Rowlesburg Rupert Sand Fork Shepherdstown Smithfield Sophia Star City Summersville Sutton Sylvester Terra Alta Thurmond Triadelphia Tunnelton Union Wardensville Wayne West Hamlin West Liberty West Logan West Milford West Union White Hall Whitesville Winfield Womelsdorf (Coalton) Worthington Villages Barboursville Beech Bottom Bethlehem Clearview Valley Grove Windsor Heights Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montrose,_West_Virginia&oldid=996904539 " Categories:
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose,_West_Virginia
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_283022393#16_317788892
Title: Montrose, West Virginia - Wikipedia Headings: Montrose, West Virginia Montrose, West Virginia Contents Geography Demographics 2010 census 2000 census References Content: ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. v t e Municipalities and communities of Randolph County, West Virginia, United States County seat: Elkins City Elkins Towns Beverly Harman Huttonsville Mill Creek Montrose Womelsdorf (Coalton) CDPs Bowden Dailey East Dailey Helvetia Pickens Valley Bend Valley Head Whitmer Unincorporated communities Adolph Aggregates Alpena Arnold Hill Bemis Blue Spring Brady Gate Bruxton Canfield Cassity Cheat Bridge Cubana Crystal Springs Czar Dryfork Elkwater Ellamore ‡ Evenwood Fairview (near Elkins) Fairview (near Helvetia) Faulkner Fisher Flint Glady Harding Hazelwood Horton Jimtown Job Kerens Lee Bell Little Italy Loda Mabie Mingo Monterville Newlonton Norton Orr Pumpkintown Read Silica Spangler Sullivan Sully Suncrest Tigheville Upper Mingo Weaver Weese Whyte Wymer Ghost towns Kuntzville Lumber Montes Osceola Perlytown Footnotes ‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties United States portal v t e Municipalities of West Virginia Cities Beckley Benwood Bluefield Bridgeport Buckhannon Cameron Ceredo Charles Town Charleston Chester Clarksburg Dunbar Elkins Fairmont Follansbee Gary Glen Dale Grafton Hinton Huntington Hurricane Kenova Keyser Kingwood Lewisburg Logan Madison Mannington Marmet Martinsburg McMechen Montgomery Morgantown Moundsville Mount Hope Mullens New Cumberland New Martinsville Nitro Oak Hill Paden City Parkersburg Parsons Pennsboro Petersburg Philippi Pleasant Valley Point Pleasant Princeton Ranson Ravenswood Richwood Ripley Romney Ronceverte Salem Shinnston Sistersville Smithers South Charleston Spencer St. Albans St. Marys Stonewood Thomas Vienna War Weirton Welch Wellsburg Weston Westover Wheeling White Sulphur Springs Williamson Williamstown Towns Addison (Webster Springs) Albright Alderson Anawalt Anmoore Ansted Athens Auburn Bancroft Barrackville Belmont Bath (Berkeley Springs) Bayard Belington Belle Bethany Beverly Blacksville Bolivar Bradshaw Bramwell Brandonville Bruceton Mills Buffalo Burnsville Cairo Camden-on-Gauley Capon Bridge Carpendale Cedar Grove Chapmanville Chesapeake Clay Clendenin Cowen Danville Davis Davy Delbarton Durbin East Bank Eleanor Elizabeth Elk Garden Ellenboro Fairview Falling Spring Farmington Fayetteville Flatwoods Flemington Fort Gay Franklin Friendly Gassaway Gauley Bridge Gilbert Glasgow Glenville Grant Town Grantsville Granville Hambleton Hamlin Handley Harman Harpers Ferry Harrisville Hartford City Hedgesville Henderson Hendricks Hillsboro Hundred Huttonsville Iaeger Jane Lew Junior Kermit Kimball Leon Lester Lost Creek Lumberport Mabscott Man Marlinton Mason Masontown Matewan Matoaka Meadow Bridge Middlebourne Mill Creek Milton Mitchell Heights Monongah Montrose Moorefield New Haven Newburg North Hills Northfork Nutter Fort Oakvale Oceana Paw Paw Pax Peterstown Piedmont Pine Grove Pineville Poca Pratt Pullman Quinwood Rainelle Reedsville Reedy Ridgeley Rivesville Rowlesburg Rupert Sand Fork Shepherdstown Smithfield Sophia Star City Summersville Sutton Sylvester Terra Alta Thurmond Triadelphia Tunnelton Union Wardensville Wayne West Hamlin West Liberty West Logan West Milford West Union White Hall Whitesville Winfield Womelsdorf (Coalton) Worthington Villages Barboursville Beech Bottom Bethlehem Clearview Valley Grove Windsor Heights Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montrose,_West_Virginia&oldid=996904539 " Categories: Towns in Randolph County, West Virginia Towns in West Virginia Hidden categories: Articles with short description Short description matches Wikidata Coordinates on Wikidata AC with 0 elements
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose,_West_Virginia
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_284702740#11_319577529
Title: Headings: Content: PMID 16841633. ^ abTakwoingi, Yemisi; Riley, Richard D.; Deeks, Jonathan J. (November 2015). " Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies in mental health". Evidence-Based Mental Health. 18(4): 103–109. doi:10.1136/eb-2015-102228. ISSN 1468-960X. PMC 4680179.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_Disorders_Questionnaire
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_285931879#22_321279078
Title: Watermelon - Wikipedia Headings: Watermelon Watermelon Contents Description Taxonomy History Cultivation Cultivar groups Citroides group Lanatus group Vulgaris group Varieties Variety improvement Production Food and beverage Nutrients Gallery See also References External links Content: Seedless watermelons were initially developed in 1939 by Japanese scientists who were able to create seedless triploid hybrids which remained rare initially because they did not have sufficient disease resistance. Seedless watermelons became more popular in the 21st century, rising to nearly 85% of total watermelon sales in the United States in 2014. Cultivation Watermelons are plants grown in climates from tropical to temperate, needing temperatures higher than about 25 °C (77 °F) to thrive. On a garden scale, seeds are usually sown in pots under cover and transplanted into well-drained sandy loam with a pH between 5.5 and 7, and medium levels of nitrogen. Major pests of the watermelon include aphids, fruit flies, and root-knot nematodes. In conditions of high humidity, the plants are prone to plant diseases such as powdery mildew and mosaic virus. Some varieties often grown in Japan and other parts of the Far East are susceptible to fusarium wilt. Grafting such varieties onto disease-resistant rootstocks offers protection. Seedless watermelon The US Department of Agriculture recommends using at least one beehive per acre (4,
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_and_Stars
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#0_325534305
Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia Headings: Moral agency Moral agency Contents Development and analysis Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood Artificial moral agents See also Notes References External links Content: Moral agency - Wikipedia Moral agency From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search For other senses of the word "agency", see Agency (disambiguation) and Free agency (disambiguation). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: " Moral agency" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2012) The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (November 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Moral agency is an individual's ability to make moral judgments based on some notion of right and wrong and to be held accountable for these actions.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#1_325535875
Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia Headings: Moral agency Moral agency Contents Development and analysis Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood Artificial moral agents See also Notes References External links Content: Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: " Moral agency" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (November 2012) The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (November 2012) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Moral agency is an individual's ability to make moral judgments based on some notion of right and wrong and to be held accountable for these actions. A moral agent is "a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong." Contents 1 Development and analysis 2 Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood 3 Artificial moral agents 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Development and analysis Most philosophers suggest only rational beings, who can reason and form self-interested judgments, are capable of being moral agents. Some suggest those with limited rationality (for example, people who are mildly mentally disabled or infants) also have some basic moral capabilities. Determinists argue all of our actions are the product of antecedent causes, and some believe this is incompatible with free will and thus claim that we have no real control over our actions. Immanuel Kant argued that whether or not our real self, the noumenal self, can choose, we have no choice but to believe that we choose freely when we make a choice.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#2_325537893
Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia Headings: Moral agency Moral agency Contents Development and analysis Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood Artificial moral agents See also Notes References External links Content: A moral agent is "a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong." Contents 1 Development and analysis 2 Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood 3 Artificial moral agents 4 See also 5 Notes 6 References 7 External links Development and analysis Most philosophers suggest only rational beings, who can reason and form self-interested judgments, are capable of being moral agents. Some suggest those with limited rationality (for example, people who are mildly mentally disabled or infants) also have some basic moral capabilities. Determinists argue all of our actions are the product of antecedent causes, and some believe this is incompatible with free will and thus claim that we have no real control over our actions. Immanuel Kant argued that whether or not our real self, the noumenal self, can choose, we have no choice but to believe that we choose freely when we make a choice. This does not mean that we can control the effects of our actions. Some Indeterminists would argue we have no free will either. If, with respect to human behaviour, a so-called 'cause' results in an indeterminate number of possible, so-called 'effects', that does not mean the person had the free-thinking independent will to choose that 'effect'. More likely, it was the indeterminate consequence of his chance genetics, chance experiences and chance circumstances relevant at the time of the 'cause'. In Kant's philosophy, this calls for an act of faith, the faith free agent is based on something a priori, yet to be known, or immaterial.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#3_325539870
Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia Headings: Moral agency Moral agency Contents Development and analysis Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood Artificial moral agents See also Notes References External links Content: This does not mean that we can control the effects of our actions. Some Indeterminists would argue we have no free will either. If, with respect to human behaviour, a so-called 'cause' results in an indeterminate number of possible, so-called 'effects', that does not mean the person had the free-thinking independent will to choose that 'effect'. More likely, it was the indeterminate consequence of his chance genetics, chance experiences and chance circumstances relevant at the time of the 'cause'. In Kant's philosophy, this calls for an act of faith, the faith free agent is based on something a priori, yet to be known, or immaterial. Otherwise, without free agent's a priori fundamental source, socially essential concepts created from human mind, such as justice, would be undermined (responsibility implies freedom of choice) and, in short, civilization and human values would crumble. It is useful to compare the idea of moral agency with the legal doctrine of mens rea, which means guilty mind, and states that a person is legally responsible for what he does as long as he should know what he is doing, and his choices are deliberate. Some theorists discard any attempts to evaluate mental states and, instead, adopt the doctrine of strict liability, whereby one is liable under the law without regard to capacity, and that the only thing is to determine the degree of punishment, if any. Moral determinists would most likely adopt a similar point of view. Psychologist Albert Bandura has observed that moral agents engage in selective moral disengagement in regards to their own inhumane conduct.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#4_325541884
Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia Headings: Moral agency Moral agency Contents Development and analysis Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood Artificial moral agents See also Notes References External links Content: Otherwise, without free agent's a priori fundamental source, socially essential concepts created from human mind, such as justice, would be undermined (responsibility implies freedom of choice) and, in short, civilization and human values would crumble. It is useful to compare the idea of moral agency with the legal doctrine of mens rea, which means guilty mind, and states that a person is legally responsible for what he does as long as he should know what he is doing, and his choices are deliberate. Some theorists discard any attempts to evaluate mental states and, instead, adopt the doctrine of strict liability, whereby one is liable under the law without regard to capacity, and that the only thing is to determine the degree of punishment, if any. Moral determinists would most likely adopt a similar point of view. Psychologist Albert Bandura has observed that moral agents engage in selective moral disengagement in regards to their own inhumane conduct. Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood Philosophers distinguish between moral agents, entities whose actions are eligible for moral consideration and moral patients, entities that themselves are eligible for moral consideration. Many philosophers, such as Kant, view morality as a transaction among rational parties, i.e., among moral agents. For this reason, they would exclude other animals from moral consideration. Others, such as Utilitarian philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and Peter Singer have argued the key to inclusion in the moral community is not rationality — for if it were, we might have to exclude some disabled people and infants, and might also have to distinguish between the degrees of rationality of healthy adults — but the real object of moral action is the avoidance of suffering. This is the argument from marginal cases .
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289465965#0_325639594
Title: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia Headings: Moral disengagement Moral disengagement Contents Mechanisms Moral justification Euphemistic labelling Advantageous comparison Displacement of responsibility Diffusion of responsibility Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences Dehumanization Antecedents Individual differences Interplay of personal and social sanctions Consequences Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior Military conduct Aggression Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities See also References External links Content: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia Moral disengagement From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to navigation Jump to search Moral disengagement is a term from social psychology for the process of convincing the self that ethical standards do not apply to oneself in a particular context. This is done by separating moral reactions from inhumane conduct and disabling the mechanism of self-condemnation. Thus, moral disengagement involves a process of cognitive re-construing or re-framing of destructive behavior as being morally acceptable without changing the behavior or the moral standards. In social cognitive theory of morality, self-regulatory mechanisms embedded in moral standards and self-sanctions translate moral reasoning into actions, and, as a result, moral agency is exerted. Thus, the moral self is situated in a broader, socio-cognitive self-theory consisting of self-organizing, proactive, self-reflective, and self-regulative mechanisms. Three major sub-functions are operating in this self-regulatory system in which moral agency is grounded. The first sub-function is self-monitoring of one's conduct, which is the initial step of taking control over it. " Action gives rise to self-reactions through a judgmental function in which conduct is evaluated against internal standards and situational circumstances". Thus, moral judgments evoke self-reactive influence. The self-reactive and judgmental mechanisms constitute the second and third sub-function.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289465965#1_325641848
Title: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia Headings: Moral disengagement Moral disengagement Contents Mechanisms Moral justification Euphemistic labelling Advantageous comparison Displacement of responsibility Diffusion of responsibility Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences Dehumanization Antecedents Individual differences Interplay of personal and social sanctions Consequences Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior Military conduct Aggression Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities See also References External links Content: Three major sub-functions are operating in this self-regulatory system in which moral agency is grounded. The first sub-function is self-monitoring of one's conduct, which is the initial step of taking control over it. " Action gives rise to self-reactions through a judgmental function in which conduct is evaluated against internal standards and situational circumstances". Thus, moral judgments evoke self-reactive influence. The self-reactive and judgmental mechanisms constitute the second and third sub-function. Generally, moral standards are adopted to serve as guides for good behavior and as deterrents for bad conduct. Once internalized control has developed, people regulate their actions by the standards they apply to themselves and this give them self-satisfaction and a sense of self-worth. Individuals refrain from behaving in ways that violate their moral standards in order to avoid self-condemnation. Therefore, self-sanctions play a significant role in keeping conduct in line with these internal moral standards and hence also in regulating inhumane conduct. However, moral standards only function as fixed internal regulators of conduct when self-regulatory mechanisms have been activated.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289465965#2_325643836
Title: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia Headings: Moral disengagement Moral disengagement Contents Mechanisms Moral justification Euphemistic labelling Advantageous comparison Displacement of responsibility Diffusion of responsibility Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences Dehumanization Antecedents Individual differences Interplay of personal and social sanctions Consequences Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior Military conduct Aggression Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities See also References External links Content: Generally, moral standards are adopted to serve as guides for good behavior and as deterrents for bad conduct. Once internalized control has developed, people regulate their actions by the standards they apply to themselves and this give them self-satisfaction and a sense of self-worth. Individuals refrain from behaving in ways that violate their moral standards in order to avoid self-condemnation. Therefore, self-sanctions play a significant role in keeping conduct in line with these internal moral standards and hence also in regulating inhumane conduct. However, moral standards only function as fixed internal regulators of conduct when self-regulatory mechanisms have been activated. Many different social and psychological processes prevent the activation of self-sanction. Selective activation of self-sanctions and internal moral control or disengagement allows for a wide range of behaviour, given the same moral standard. Moral disengagement functions in the perpetration of inhumanities through moral justification, euphemistic labelling, advantageous comparison, displacing or diffusing responsibility, disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences, and dehumanising the victim. Rather than operating independently, these cognitive mechanisms are interrelated within a sociostructural context to promote inhumane conduct in people's daily lives. Contents 1 Mechanisms 1.1 Moral justification 1.2 Euphemistic labelling 1.3 Advantageous comparison 1.4 Displacement of responsibility 1.5 Diffusion of responsibility 1.6 Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences 1.7 Dehumanization 2 Antecedents 2.1 Individual differences 2.2 Interplay of personal and social sanctions 3 Consequences 3.1 Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior 3.2 Military conduct 3.3 Aggression 3.4 Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Mechanisms Moral justification One method of disengagement is portraying inhumane behavior as though it has a moral purpose in order to make it socially acceptable.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289465965#3_325646718
Title: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia Headings: Moral disengagement Moral disengagement Contents Mechanisms Moral justification Euphemistic labelling Advantageous comparison Displacement of responsibility Diffusion of responsibility Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences Dehumanization Antecedents Individual differences Interplay of personal and social sanctions Consequences Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior Military conduct Aggression Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities See also References External links Content: Many different social and psychological processes prevent the activation of self-sanction. Selective activation of self-sanctions and internal moral control or disengagement allows for a wide range of behaviour, given the same moral standard. Moral disengagement functions in the perpetration of inhumanities through moral justification, euphemistic labelling, advantageous comparison, displacing or diffusing responsibility, disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences, and dehumanising the victim. Rather than operating independently, these cognitive mechanisms are interrelated within a sociostructural context to promote inhumane conduct in people's daily lives. Contents 1 Mechanisms 1.1 Moral justification 1.2 Euphemistic labelling 1.3 Advantageous comparison 1.4 Displacement of responsibility 1.5 Diffusion of responsibility 1.6 Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences 1.7 Dehumanization 2 Antecedents 2.1 Individual differences 2.2 Interplay of personal and social sanctions 3 Consequences 3.1 Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior 3.2 Military conduct 3.3 Aggression 3.4 Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities 4 See also 5 References 6 External links Mechanisms Moral justification One method of disengagement is portraying inhumane behavior as though it has a moral purpose in order to make it socially acceptable. Moral justification is the first of a series of mechanisms suggested by Bandura that can induce people to bypass self-sanction and violate personal standards. For example, torture, in order to obtain information necessary to protect the nation's citizens, may be seen as acceptable. This form of disengagement happens before the decision to engage in a behaviour, usually people only engage in reprehensible conduct after they have justified the actions on a moral ground. Through cognitive reconstrual, wrongful behaviours can be perceived as righteous. Religious principles, nationalistic imperatives and righteous ideologies have long been used as means to justify reprehensible and destructive conducts.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_310742063#1_349727356
Title: Motivation - Wikipedia Headings: Motivation Motivation Contents Definition Motivation and mental states Strength of desire and action Content theories Maslow's hierarchy of needs Herzberg's two-factor theory Alderfer's ERG theory Self-Determination Theory Behaviorist theories Classical and operant conditioning Incentive motivation Motivating operations Motivation and psychotherapy William McDougall's purposive psychology Drives Cognitive dissonance theory Types of motivation Intrinsic and extrinsic Intrinsic Extrinsic Unconscious and conscious Unconscious Conscious Neuroscience Motivational reasons and rationality Practical applications Applications in business Job characteristics model Employee recognition programs Applications in education Indigenous education and learning Self-determination in education Applications in game design Applications in the military See also References Further reading Content: It is often held that different mental states compete with each other and that only the strongest state determines behavior. This means that we can be motivated to do something without actually doing it. The paradigmatic mental state providing motivation is desire. But various other states, like beliefs about what one ought to do or intentions, may also provide motivation. Various competing theories have been proposed concerning the content of motivational states. They are known as content theories and aim to describe what goals usually or always motivate people. Abraham Maslow 's hierarchy of needs and the ERG theory, for example, posit that humans have certain needs, which are responsible for motivation. Some of these needs, like for food and water, are more basic than other needs, like for respect from others. On this view, the higher needs can only provide motivation once the lower needs have been fulfilled. Behaviorist theories try to explain behavior solely in terms of the relation between the situation and external, observable behavior without explicit reference to conscious mental states.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivate