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msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_105840807#11_118805216 | Title: Mexican muralism - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican muralism
Mexican muralism
Contents
Antecedents
Mural movement
After the mural project at the National Preparatory High School
Artistry
Los Tres Grandes (The Three Great Ones)
El Cuarto Grande (The Fourth Great One)
" Nacimiento de Nuestra Nacionalidad " (The Birth of Our Nationality)
Revolutionary artistry
Political expression
Influence
Women of Mexican muralism
Aurora Reyes Flores, first woman muralist
Elena Huerta Muzquiz, artist of the biggest mural created by a woman in Mexico
Rina Lazo, Rivera's assistant for 10 years until his death, his "right hand"
See also
Further reading
References
External links
Content: This would lead to another element added to the murals over their development. In addition to the original ideas of a reconstructed Mexico and the elevation of Mexico's indigenous and rural identity, many of the muralists, including the three main painters, also included elements of Marxism, especially the struggle of the working class against oppression. This struggle, which had been going on since the sixteenth century, along with class, culture, and race conflicts were interpreted by muralists. The inception and early years of Mexico's muralist movement are often considered the most ideologically pure and untainted by contradictions between socialist ideals and government manipulation. This initial phase is referred to as the "heroic" phase while the period after 1930 is the "statist" phase with the transition to the latter phase caused by José Vasconcelos's resignation in 1924. Scholar Mary Coffey describes those who "acknowledge a change but refrain from judgment about its consequences" as taking the soft line and those who see all murals after 1930 as "propaganda for a corrupt state" as taking a hard line. Another stance is that the evolution of Mexican muralism as having an uncomplicated relationship with the government and as an accurate reflection of avant-garde and proletariat sentiments. Howe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_muralism |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#0_119015455 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Mexican secularization act of 1833
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Separation of church and state
St. Carlos, near Monterey, c. 1792
The Mexican Secularization Act of 1833 was passed twelve years after Mexico won independence from Spain in 1821. Mexico feared Spain would continue to have influence and power in California because most of the Spanish missions in California remained loyal to the Roman Catholic Church in Spain. As the new Mexican republic matured, calls for the secularization (" disestablishment ") of the missions increased. Once fully implemented, the secularization act, called the Decree for the Secularisation of the Missions of the Californias, took away much of the California Mission land and sold it or gave it away in large grants called ranchos. Contents
1 Background
2 Proclamation of Emancipation
3 Secularization Act
3.1 Failed distribution to indigenous people
3.2 Mission lands confiscated
3.3 Sub-missions also lost
4 Rancho period
5 Statehood
6 Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
7 Current status
8 See also
9 References
10 External links
Background
The Spanish missions in Alta California were a series of 21 religious and military outposts; established by Catholic priests of the Franciscan order between 1769 and 1833, to spread Christianity among the local Native Americans. The missions were part of the first major effort by Europeans to colonize the Pacific Coast region, the most northern and western parts of Spain's North American land claims. The settlers introduced European fruits, vegetables, cattle, horses, ranching and technology into the Alta California region and to the Mission Indians. The El Camino Real road connected the missions from San Diego to Mission San Francisco Solano, in Sonoma, a length of 529 miles (851 km). Between 1683 and 1834, Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries established a series of religious outposts from today's Baja California and Baja California Sur into present-day California . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#1_119018155 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: established by Catholic priests of the Franciscan order between 1769 and 1833, to spread Christianity among the local Native Americans. The missions were part of the first major effort by Europeans to colonize the Pacific Coast region, the most northern and western parts of Spain's North American land claims. The settlers introduced European fruits, vegetables, cattle, horses, ranching and technology into the Alta California region and to the Mission Indians. The El Camino Real road connected the missions from San Diego to Mission San Francisco Solano, in Sonoma, a length of 529 miles (851 km). Between 1683 and 1834, Jesuit and Franciscan missionaries established a series of religious outposts from today's Baja California and Baja California Sur into present-day California . Proclamation of Emancipation
José María de Echeandía, the first Mexican-born, elected Governor of Alta California issued a "Proclamation of Emancipation" (or " Prevenciónes de Emancipacion ") on July 25, 1826. All Indians within the military districts of San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Monterey who were found qualified were freed from missionary rule and made eligible to become Mexican citizens. Those who wished to remain under mission tutelage (guardianship) were exempted from most forms of corporal punishment. By 1830 even those new to California appeared confident in their own abilities to operate the mission ranches and farms independently; the padres, however, doubted the capabilities of their charges in this regard. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#2_119020315 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: Proclamation of Emancipation
José María de Echeandía, the first Mexican-born, elected Governor of Alta California issued a "Proclamation of Emancipation" (or " Prevenciónes de Emancipacion ") on July 25, 1826. All Indians within the military districts of San Diego, Santa Barbara, and Monterey who were found qualified were freed from missionary rule and made eligible to become Mexican citizens. Those who wished to remain under mission tutelage (guardianship) were exempted from most forms of corporal punishment. By 1830 even those new to California appeared confident in their own abilities to operate the mission ranches and farms independently; the padres, however, doubted the capabilities of their charges in this regard. In 1831, the number of Indians under missionary control in all of Upper-Alta California was about 18,683, while garrison soldiers, free settlers, and "other classes" totaled 4,342. New immigration, of both Mexican and foreign origins, increased pressure on the Alta California government to seize the Church-controlled mission properties and dispossess the natives in accordance with Echeandía's directive. Despite the fact that Echeandía's emancipation plan was met with little encouragement from the newcomers who populated the southern missions, he was nonetheless determined to test the scheme on a large scale at Mission San Juan Capistrano. To that end, he appointed a number of comisionados (commissioners) to oversee the emancipation of the Indians. The Mexican government passed legislation on December 20, 1827, that mandated the expulsion of all Spaniards younger than sixty years of age from Mexican territories. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#3_119022626 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: In 1831, the number of Indians under missionary control in all of Upper-Alta California was about 18,683, while garrison soldiers, free settlers, and "other classes" totaled 4,342. New immigration, of both Mexican and foreign origins, increased pressure on the Alta California government to seize the Church-controlled mission properties and dispossess the natives in accordance with Echeandía's directive. Despite the fact that Echeandía's emancipation plan was met with little encouragement from the newcomers who populated the southern missions, he was nonetheless determined to test the scheme on a large scale at Mission San Juan Capistrano. To that end, he appointed a number of comisionados (commissioners) to oversee the emancipation of the Indians. The Mexican government passed legislation on December 20, 1827, that mandated the expulsion of all Spaniards younger than sixty years of age from Mexican territories. Spaniards could pose a threat to Mexico because Spain did not recognize Mexican independence and attempted to regain control over its former colony. Governor Echeandía nevertheless intervened on behalf of some Franciscans in order to prevent their deportation once the law took effect in California. Secularization Act
Governor José Figueroa, who took office in 1833, initially attempted to keep the mission system intact, but after the Mexican Congress passed its Decree for the Secularization of the Missions of the Californias on August 17, 1833, he took action to start secularization enactment. In 1833, Figueroa replaced the Spanish-born Franciscan padres at all of the settlements north of Mission San Antonio de Padua with Mexican-born Franciscan priests from the College of Guadalupe de Zacatecas. In response, Father-Presidente Narciso Durán transferred the headquarters of the Alta California Mission System to Mission Santa Bárbara, where it remained until 1846. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#4_119025178 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: Spaniards could pose a threat to Mexico because Spain did not recognize Mexican independence and attempted to regain control over its former colony. Governor Echeandía nevertheless intervened on behalf of some Franciscans in order to prevent their deportation once the law took effect in California. Secularization Act
Governor José Figueroa, who took office in 1833, initially attempted to keep the mission system intact, but after the Mexican Congress passed its Decree for the Secularization of the Missions of the Californias on August 17, 1833, he took action to start secularization enactment. In 1833, Figueroa replaced the Spanish-born Franciscan padres at all of the settlements north of Mission San Antonio de Padua with Mexican-born Franciscan priests from the College of Guadalupe de Zacatecas. In response, Father-Presidente Narciso Durán transferred the headquarters of the Alta California Mission System to Mission Santa Bárbara, where it remained until 1846. Failed distribution to indigenous people
Governor Figueroa issued a regulation ( Reglamento Provisional para la secularizacion de las Misiones) on August 9, 1834, outlining the requirements for the distribution of property (land, cattle, and equipment) to each mission’s neophytes. Among the provisions were that "5. To each head of a family and to all over 20 years old, will be given from the Mission lands a lot not over 400 nor less than 100 varas square" (28 to 7 acres), plus "6.... pro rata ...one-half of the livestock" and "7.... half or less of the existing chattels, tools, and seed". The Act also provided for the colonization of both Alta California and Baja California, the expenses of this latter move to be borne by the proceeds gained from the sale of the mission land and some buildings to private parties; many started ranches. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#5_119027652 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: Failed distribution to indigenous people
Governor Figueroa issued a regulation ( Reglamento Provisional para la secularizacion de las Misiones) on August 9, 1834, outlining the requirements for the distribution of property (land, cattle, and equipment) to each mission’s neophytes. Among the provisions were that "5. To each head of a family and to all over 20 years old, will be given from the Mission lands a lot not over 400 nor less than 100 varas square" (28 to 7 acres), plus "6.... pro rata ...one-half of the livestock" and "7.... half or less of the existing chattels, tools, and seed". The Act also provided for the colonization of both Alta California and Baja California, the expenses of this latter move to be borne by the proceeds gained from the sale of the mission land and some buildings to private parties; many started ranches. The ranches made of former mission pasture lands were divided into large land grants, thus greatly increasing the number of private landholdings in Alta California. This meant that the missions would hold title only to the worship chapel, the residences of the priests, and a small amount of land surrounding the church for use as gardens. In some missions, all of the other buildings were lost, and some mission buildings were divided, with a physical wall added into the mission buildings. With the loss of all support from the surrounding land and support buildings – like livestock, orchards, barns, tanning, blacksmithing, candle making, vineyards, winery, water rights, loom, Beehive ovens, carpenter shop, soap making, grain silo, in some cases the mission courtyard and more – the Franciscans had no means of support for themselves or the natives. The Franciscans soon thereafter abandoned most of the missions, taking with them almost everything of value, after which the locals typically plundered the mission buildings for construction materials, as the four to six soldiers assigned to guard each Mission were dismissed. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#6_119030273 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: The ranches made of former mission pasture lands were divided into large land grants, thus greatly increasing the number of private landholdings in Alta California. This meant that the missions would hold title only to the worship chapel, the residences of the priests, and a small amount of land surrounding the church for use as gardens. In some missions, all of the other buildings were lost, and some mission buildings were divided, with a physical wall added into the mission buildings. With the loss of all support from the surrounding land and support buildings – like livestock, orchards, barns, tanning, blacksmithing, candle making, vineyards, winery, water rights, loom, Beehive ovens, carpenter shop, soap making, grain silo, in some cases the mission courtyard and more – the Franciscans had no means of support for themselves or the natives. The Franciscans soon thereafter abandoned most of the missions, taking with them almost everything of value, after which the locals typically plundered the mission buildings for construction materials, as the four to six soldiers assigned to guard each Mission were dismissed. Mission lands confiscated
Mission San Juan Capistrano was the very first mission to have its land taken away; on August 9, 1834, Governor Figueroa issued his "Decree of Confiscation." Nine other settlements quickly followed, with six more in 1835; San Buenaventura and Mission San Francisco de Asís were among the last to have their land taken away, in June and December 1836, respectively. The ruins of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad circa 1900. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#7_119032501 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: Mission lands confiscated
Mission San Juan Capistrano was the very first mission to have its land taken away; on August 9, 1834, Governor Figueroa issued his "Decree of Confiscation." Nine other settlements quickly followed, with six more in 1835; San Buenaventura and Mission San Francisco de Asís were among the last to have their land taken away, in June and December 1836, respectively. The ruins of Mission Nuestra Señora de la Soledad circa 1900. In 1838, Mission San Juan Capistrano property was auctioned off under questionable circumstances for $710 worth of tallow and hides, (equivalent to $15,000 in 2004 U.S dollars) to Englishman John (Don Juan) Forster (Governor Pío Pico 's brother-in-law, whose family would take up residence in the friars' quarters for the next 20 years) and his partner James McKinley. More families would subsequently take up residence in other portions of the Mission buildings. Father José María Zalvidea left San Juan Capistrano around November 25, 1842, when Mission San Luis Rey de Francia 's Father Ibarra died, leaving the Mission without a resident priest for the first time (Zalvidea had been the Mission's sole priest ever since the death of Father Josef Barona in 1831). The first secular priest to take charge of the Mission, Reverend José Maria Rosáles, arrived on October 8, 1843; Father Vicente Pascual Oliva, the last resident missionary, died on January 2, 1848. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#8_119034575 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: In 1838, Mission San Juan Capistrano property was auctioned off under questionable circumstances for $710 worth of tallow and hides, (equivalent to $15,000 in 2004 U.S dollars) to Englishman John (Don Juan) Forster (Governor Pío Pico 's brother-in-law, whose family would take up residence in the friars' quarters for the next 20 years) and his partner James McKinley. More families would subsequently take up residence in other portions of the Mission buildings. Father José María Zalvidea left San Juan Capistrano around November 25, 1842, when Mission San Luis Rey de Francia 's Father Ibarra died, leaving the Mission without a resident priest for the first time (Zalvidea had been the Mission's sole priest ever since the death of Father Josef Barona in 1831). The first secular priest to take charge of the Mission, Reverend José Maria Rosáles, arrived on October 8, 1843; Father Vicente Pascual Oliva, the last resident missionary, died on January 2, 1848. The Mission's ruins and 44.40 acres were returned to the Church in 1865. Mission San Diego de Alcalá and some other missions were offered for sale to citizens, and some Mission land was given to ex-military officers who had fought in the War of Independence. On June 8, 1846, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was given to Santiago Argüello by Governor Pío Pico " ...f or services rendered to the government." After the United States annexed California, the Mission was used by the military from 1846 to 1862. Most of the grants were made to rich " Californios " of Spanish background who had long been casting envious eyes on the vast holdings of the Roman Catholic missions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#9_119036878 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: The Mission's ruins and 44.40 acres were returned to the Church in 1865. Mission San Diego de Alcalá and some other missions were offered for sale to citizens, and some Mission land was given to ex-military officers who had fought in the War of Independence. On June 8, 1846, Mission San Diego de Alcalá was given to Santiago Argüello by Governor Pío Pico " ...f or services rendered to the government." After the United States annexed California, the Mission was used by the military from 1846 to 1862. Most of the grants were made to rich " Californios " of Spanish background who had long been casting envious eyes on the vast holdings of the Roman Catholic missions. In 1845, California Governor Pio Pico confiscated the lands of Mission San Diego de Alcala. He granted eleven square leagues (about 48,800 acres, 197 km 2) of the El Cajon Valley to Dona Maria Antonio Estudillo, daughter of José Antonio Estudillo, alcalde of San Diego, to repay a $500 government obligation. The grant was originally called Rancho Santa Monica and encompassed present-day El Cajon, Bostonia, Santee, Lakeside, Flinn Springs, and the eastern part of La Mesa. It also contained the 28-acre (0.11 km 2) Rancho Cañada de Los Coches grant. Maria Estudillo was the wife of Don Miguel Pedrorena (1808–1850), a native of Madrid, Spain, who had come to California from Peru in 1838 to operate a trading business. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#10_119038928 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: In 1845, California Governor Pio Pico confiscated the lands of Mission San Diego de Alcala. He granted eleven square leagues (about 48,800 acres, 197 km 2) of the El Cajon Valley to Dona Maria Antonio Estudillo, daughter of José Antonio Estudillo, alcalde of San Diego, to repay a $500 government obligation. The grant was originally called Rancho Santa Monica and encompassed present-day El Cajon, Bostonia, Santee, Lakeside, Flinn Springs, and the eastern part of La Mesa. It also contained the 28-acre (0.11 km 2) Rancho Cañada de Los Coches grant. Maria Estudillo was the wife of Don Miguel Pedrorena (1808–1850), a native of Madrid, Spain, who had come to California from Peru in 1838 to operate a trading business. In 1862 the 22 acres and mission ruins were returned to the Church by the U.S. government. Mission San Buenaventura in 1845 was rented to Don Jose Arnaz and Narciso Botello and was later sold to Arnaz. The church, clergy residence, cemetery, orchard, and vineyard were returned to the Church in 1862, and major changes done in 1893. Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo land was sold off in 1834. The padres had to buy a small strip of land back in order to avoid trespassing when entering the church. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_106057639#11_119040788 | Title: Mexican secularization act of 1833 - Wikipedia
Headings: Mexican secularization act of 1833
Mexican secularization act of 1833
Contents
Background
Proclamation of Emancipation
Secularization Act
Failed distribution to indigenous people
Mission lands confiscated
Sub-missions also lost
Rancho period
Statehood
Abraham Lincoln and the return of ownership
Current status
See also
References
External links
Content: In 1862 the 22 acres and mission ruins were returned to the Church by the U.S. government. Mission San Buenaventura in 1845 was rented to Don Jose Arnaz and Narciso Botello and was later sold to Arnaz. The church, clergy residence, cemetery, orchard, and vineyard were returned to the Church in 1862, and major changes done in 1893. Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo land was sold off in 1834. The padres had to buy a small strip of land back in order to avoid trespassing when entering the church. But later all th | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexican_secularization_act_of_1833 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_109702453#0_122898474 | Title: Miami drug war - Wikipedia
Headings: Miami drug war
Miami drug war
References
Content: Miami drug war - Wikipedia
Miami drug war
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Miami Drug War)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Miami drug war
Date
1970s–1980s
Location
Miami, Florida
Status
Medellin Cartel collapsed
Belligerents
United States
DEA
FBI
Miami Police Department
Drug cartels
Medellín Cartel
Colombian gangs
Commanders and leaders
Jimmy Carter
Ronald Reagan
Reubin Askew
Bob Graham
Griselda Blanco
Pablo Escobar
Jorge "Rivi" Ayala
Mickey Munday
Barry Seal
Luis Fernando Arcila Mejia
Casualties and losses
1,200+ casualties
The Miami drug war was a series of armed conflicts in the 1970s and 1980s, centered in the Florida city of Miami, between the United States government and multiple drug cartels, primarily the Medellín Cartel. The drug war was triggered by the 1979 Dadeland Mall shootout; in broad daylight, two gunmen of a Colombian drug gang entered and shot two men at a liquor store. The murderers were immediately dubbed " Cocaine Cowboys " by a police officer. Violence began to become endemic in Miami. In 1980 the city had 573 murders in the year, and the next year had 621 murders. By 1981 the city morgue had an overload of dead bodies and had to rent out a refrigerated truck to keep the bodies, keeping it until 1988. Most of the violent crime was directly related to conflicts in the city's growing drug trade. Miami in 1981 was responsible for trafficking 70% of the country's cocaine, 70% of the country's marijuana, and 90% of the country's counterfeit Quaaludes. Much of Miami's drug trafficking activity was centered out of Coconut Grove 's Mutiny at Sailboat Bay where drug traffickers would frequently meet and conduct business. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miami_Drug_War |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#0_125858342 | Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael B. Stuart
Michael B. Stuart
References
External links
Content: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia
Michael B. Stuart
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
American lawyer
For other people with similar names, see Michael Stuart (disambiguation). Michael B. Stuart
United States Attorney for the Southern District of West Virginia
In office
January 9, 2018 – February 28, 2021
President
Donald Trump
Joe Biden
Preceded by
Booth Goodwin
Succeeded by
Lisa G. Johnston (acting)
Chair of the West Virginia Republican Party
In office
July 24, 2010 – May 12, 2012
Preceded by
Doug McKinney
Succeeded by
Conrad Lucas
Personal details
Born
Michael Bryan Stuart
Philippi, West Virginia, U.S.
Political party
Republican
Spouse (s)
Katrina
Alma mater
West Virginia University ( BA)
Boston University ( JD)
Michael Bryan Stuart is an American attorney who served as the United States Attorney for the Southern District of West Virginia from 2018 to 2021. He was sworn in on January 9, 2018. Prior to assuming his current role, he was a lawyer for the law firm of Steptoe & Johnson. In 2014, Stuart chaired the West Virginia Presidential Debate Commission. From 2010 to 2012, he served as chairman of the West Virginia Republican Party. Stuart chaired Trump's 2016 presidential campaign in the state. Prior to his confirmation as a U.S. Attorney, Stuart said addressing the opioid epidemic would be a priority of his office. On February 8, 2021, he along with 55 other Trump-era attorneys were asked to resign. On February 12, he announced his resignation, effective February 28. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#1_125860208 | Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael B. Stuart
Michael B. Stuart
References
External links
Content: From 2010 to 2012, he served as chairman of the West Virginia Republican Party. Stuart chaired Trump's 2016 presidential campaign in the state. Prior to his confirmation as a U.S. Attorney, Stuart said addressing the opioid epidemic would be a priority of his office. On February 8, 2021, he along with 55 other Trump-era attorneys were asked to resign. On February 12, he announced his resignation, effective February 28. References
^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Sixth Wave of United States Attorney Nominations". whitehouse.gov. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 – via National Archives. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#2_125861195 | Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael B. Stuart
Michael B. Stuart
References
External links
Content: References
^ "President Donald J. Trump Announces Sixth Wave of United States Attorney Nominations". whitehouse.gov. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 23 October 2017 – via National Archives. This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the public domain. ^ "Trump appoints new top prosecutor for West Texas". USA Today. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ "Trump nominates former W.Va. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#3_125861905 | Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael B. Stuart
Michael B. Stuart
References
External links
Content: ^ "Trump appoints new top prosecutor for West Texas". USA Today. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ "Trump nominates former W.Va. campaign chair for US Attorney". MetroNews. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ Curtis, Mark (September 11, 2017). " | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#4_125862471 | Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael B. Stuart
Michael B. Stuart
References
External links
Content: campaign chair for US Attorney". MetroNews. September 8, 2017. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ Curtis, Mark (September 11, 2017). " Mike Stuart Nominated for U.S. Attorney for Southern District West Virginia". WOWK. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ Balsamo, Michael (February 9, 2021). " Justice Dept. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#5_125863059 | Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael B. Stuart
Michael B. Stuart
References
External links
Content: Mike Stuart Nominated for U.S. Attorney for Southern District West Virginia". WOWK. Retrieved 27 October 2017. ^ Balsamo, Michael (February 9, 2021). " Justice Dept. seeks resignations of Trump-era US attorneys". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2021. ^ "United States Attorney Mike Stuart Announces His Resignation" (Press release). Charleston, West Virginia: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_112442093#6_125863725 | Title: Michael B. Stuart - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael B. Stuart
Michael B. Stuart
References
External links
Content: seeks resignations of Trump-era US attorneys". The Washington Post. Retrieved February 11, 2021. ^ "United States Attorney Mike Stuart Announces His Resignation" (Press release). Charleston, West Virginia: United States Attorney's Office. February 12, 2021. External links
Biography at U.S. Department of Justice
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Michael_B._Stuart&oldid=1010073249 "
Hidden categories: Articles with short description
Short description matches Wikidata
AC with 0 elements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_B._Stuart |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_122135292#0_137566270 | Title: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael R. Sherwin
Michael R. Sherwin
Contents
Education
Legal career
U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia
Michael Flynn case
Other cases
Personal
References
External links
Content: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia
Michael R. Sherwin
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
American lawyer
Michael Sherwin
Acting United States Attorney for the District of Columbia
In office
May 2020 – March 3, 2021
Preceded by
Timothy Shea (acting)
Succeeded by
Channing D. Phillips (acting)
Personal details
Born
Michael Rafi Sherwin
( 1971-12-08)
December 8, 1971 (age 49)
Ohio, U.S.
Education
Ohio State University ( BA)
University of Notre Dame ( JD)
Military service
Allegiance
United States
Branch/service
United States Navy
Years of service
1999–2004
Battles/wars
Operation Southern Watch
Operation Northern Watch
Operation Enduring Freedom
Operation Iraqi Freedom
Awards
Joint Service Commendation Medal with Oak leaf cluster
Michael Rafi Sherwin (born December 8, 1971) is an attorney who served as the interim United States Attorney for the District of Columbia from 2020 to 2021. He was appointed by Attorney General William Barr in the Donald Trump administration. Contents
1 Education
2 Legal career
3 U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia
3.1 Michael Flynn case
3.2 Other cases
4 Personal
5 References
6 External links
Education
Raised in Cleveland, Ohio, Sherwin earned his B.A. in political science and liberal arts at the Ohio State University in 1994 and his J.D. at the University of Notre Dame in 1998. Legal career
Sherwin served as a naval intelligence officer from 1999 to 2004, participating in Operation Southern Watch, Operation Northern Watch, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom. He also served as an Assistant U.S. Attorney for the Southern District of Florida. He specializes in national security cases and has been a national security adviser to the deputy attorney general, Jeffrey A. Rosen. In September 2019, Sherwin won the conviction of a Chinese woman, Yujing Zhang, who trespassed at President Donald Trump ’s Mar-a-Lago Club in Florida. Sherwin investigated a deadly December 2019 shooting at a naval air station in Pensacola, Florida. During the investigation he met and impressed Attorney General William Barr, officials told The Washington Post. U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia
Attorney General William Barr asked Sherwin to become the deputy of Timothy Shea at the District of Columbia office in October 2019, and Sherwin soon joined Barr's effort to drop charges against former Trump national security advisor Michael Flynn. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Sherwin |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_122135292#1_137569216 | Title: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael R. Sherwin
Michael R. Sherwin
Contents
Education
Legal career
U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia
Michael Flynn case
Other cases
Personal
References
External links
Content: He specializes in national security cases and has been a national security adviser to the deputy attorney general, Jeffrey A. Rosen. In September 2019, Sherwin won the conviction of a Chinese woman, Yujing Zhang, who trespassed at President Donald Trump ’s Mar-a-Lago Club in Florida. Sherwin investigated a deadly December 2019 shooting at a naval air station in Pensacola, Florida. During the investigation he met and impressed Attorney General William Barr, officials told The Washington Post. U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia
Attorney General William Barr asked Sherwin to become the deputy of Timothy Shea at the District of Columbia office in October 2019, and Sherwin soon joined Barr's effort to drop charges against former Trump national security advisor Michael Flynn. Sherwin had briefly met with President Trump prior to the appointment. Sherwin was named interim U.S. Attorney in May 2020 when Shea, after three months as U.S. Attorney, was appointed to lead the Drug Enforcement Administration. Trump nominated Justin Herdman to be Shea's permanent successor. Some high-profile investigations the U.S. Attorney's office handles are related to special counsel Robert Mueller's Russia investigation. On March 3, 2021, he was replaced by Channing D. Phillips. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Sherwin |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_122135292#10_137579839 | Title: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael R. Sherwin
Michael R. Sherwin
Contents
Education
Legal career
U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia
Michael Flynn case
Other cases
Personal
References
External links
Content: ^ a b c "Meet the U.S. Attorney". United States Department of Justice. Archived from the original on June 30, 2017. Retrieved January 10, 2021. ^ a b Benner, Katie (May 21, 2020). " Justice Dept. Unit That Prosecuted Roger Stone Is Reorganized". The New York Times. ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on June 7, 2020. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Sherwin |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_122135292#14_137583055 | Title: Michael R. Sherwin - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael R. Sherwin
Michael R. Sherwin
Contents
Education
Legal career
U.S. Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia
Michael Flynn case
Other cases
Personal
References
External links
Content: ISSN 0362-4331. Archived from the original on November 12, 2020. Retrieved June 7, 2020. ^ Hsu, Spencer (May 18, 2020). " Barr-installed top DOJ aide, prosecutor of Trump's Mar-a-Lago trespasser, to serve as acting U.S. attorney in Washington". The Washington Post. ^ Singman, Brooke (March 2, 2021). " Channing Phillips to be DC acting US attorney, but Michael Sherwin will supervise Capitol riot probe". Fox News. Retrieved March 5, 2021. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_R._Sherwin |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#0_139622925 | Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Contents
Early life and career
Tenure as U.S. Attorney
Tenure as ATF Director
U.S. Senate election, 2013
Personal life
References
External links
Content: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia
Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Michael J. Sullivan
Acting Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives
In office
September 2006 – January 20, 2009
Appointed by
Alberto Gonzales
President
George W. Bush
Preceded by
Carl Truscott
Edgar A. Domenech (acting)
Succeeded by
Ronald "Ronnie" A. Carter (acting)
Kenneth E. Melson (acting)
United States Attorney for the District of Massachusetts
In office
September 2001 – April 2009
President
George W. Bush
Barack Obama
Preceded by
Donald Stern
Succeeded by
Carmen Ortiz
District Attorney of Plymouth County
In office
June 1995 – September 2001
Preceded by
William O'Malley
Succeeded by
Timothy Cruz
Member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives
from the 7th Plymouth district
In office
January 1991 – June 1995
Preceded by
Emmet Hayes
Succeeded by
Ronald Whitney
Personal details
Born
( 1954-10-03)
October 3, 1954 (age 66)
Boston, Massachusetts, U.S.
Political party
Republican
Alma mater
Boston College
Suffolk University
Michael J. Sullivan (born October 3, 1954) is an American lawyer and politician who served as U.S. Attorney for the District of Massachusetts (2001–2009) and Acting Director of the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives (2006–2009). His work as U.S. Attorney largely focused on national security and health-care fraud. A native of the Holbrook – Abington region, Sullivan served earlier in his career as the Plymouth County District Attorney, and as a Republican member of the Massachusetts House of Representatives . Contents
1 Early life and career
2 Tenure as U.S. Attorney
3 Tenure as ATF Director
4 U.S. Senate election, 2013
5 Personal life
6 References
7 External links
Early life and career
Sullivan was born October 3, 1954, the second of seven children, and grew up in Holbrook, Massachusetts. He attended Boston College High School and Boston College, and went onto Suffolk University Law School. He worked with the Gillette Company from 1973 to 1989 before moving into private law, becoming partner at McGovern & Sullivan in the early 1990s. Representing the town of Abington, he was elected as a Republican state representative in 1990. He was voted "Legislator of the Year" by the Massachusetts Municipal Organization in 1994. Among his initiatives was a budget amendment to have the Massachusetts Water Resources Authority charge municipalities for sewage management by volume instead of population, which moved much of the cost burden away from outlying towns and toward Boston. The amendment was adopted by the House but reversed the following day under pressure from Democratic leaders. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney) |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#11_139643972 | Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Contents
Early life and career
Tenure as U.S. Attorney
Tenure as ATF Director
U.S. Senate election, 2013
Personal life
References
External links
Content: The MetroWest Daily News. Archived from the original on April 11, 2013. ^ 1991-1992 Public Officers of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. ^ a b c d e f Kelly, John P. (February 12, 2009). " U.S. attorney Michael Sullivan of Abington will not stay on the job". Patriot Ledger. ^ Fehrnstrom, Eric (May 28, 1993). " Reps reverse vote on MWRA". Boston Herald. ^ a b c Simons, John (October 27, 2003). " | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney) |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#14_139646513 | Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Contents
Early life and career
Tenure as U.S. Attorney
Tenure as ATF Director
U.S. Senate election, 2013
Personal life
References
External links
Content: February 28, 2003. ^ Belluck, Pam; Chang, Kenneth (December 29, 2001). " A NATION CHALLENGED: THE INVESTIGATION". The New York Times. ^ "Accused 'shoe bomber' intends to plead guilty". CNN. October 2, 2002. ^ "Prosecutorial abuse: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney) |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#15_139647224 | Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Contents
Early life and career
Tenure as U.S. Attorney
Tenure as ATF Director
U.S. Senate election, 2013
Personal life
References
External links
Content: The New York Times. ^ "Accused 'shoe bomber' intends to plead guilty". CNN. October 2, 2002. ^ "Prosecutorial abuse: US Attorney Michael Sullivan should drop the charges against the Logan 19". Boston Phoenix. 2002-05-09. Archived from the original on 2004-12-20. ^ "Statement concerning the surveillance provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act (§§ 201, 202, and 223)" (PDF). | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney) |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_124018275#16_139648084 | Title: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney) - Wikipedia
Headings: Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Michael Sullivan (U.S. Attorney)
Contents
Early life and career
Tenure as U.S. Attorney
Tenure as ATF Director
U.S. Senate election, 2013
Personal life
References
External links
Content: US Attorney Michael Sullivan should drop the charges against the Logan 19". Boston Phoenix. 2002-05-09. Archived from the original on 2004-12-20. ^ "Statement concerning the surveillance provisions of the USA PATRIOT Act (§§ 201, 202, and 223)" (PDF). United States House Committee on the Judiciary. May 3, 2005. ^ Boston judge issued warrant for Abdullah Khadr Archived 2012-11-06 at the Wayback Machine, Vancouver Sun, December 20, 2005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael_Sullivan_(U.S._Attorney) |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_133540930#4_150103268 | Title: Mickey Spillane (mobster) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mickey Spillane (mobster)
Mickey Spillane (mobster)
Contents
Life
Irish-Italian Mob War
Death
Family
In popular culture
See also
References
Books
Content: The convention center was being constructed in the Chelsea neighborhood of NYC just south of Hell's Kitchen. Spillane refused to allow any involvement by the Italians. The Italian gangsters greatly outnumbered the members of the Irish mob, but Spillane was successful in keeping control of the convention center. The Italians, frustrated and embarrassed by their defeat to Spillane and the Irish gangsters, responded by hiring a rogue Irish-American hitman named Joseph "Mad Dog" Sullivan to assassinate Tom Devaney, Eddie "the Butcher" Cummiskey, and Tom "the Greek" Kapatos, three of Spillane's chief lieutenants. By the mid-1970s, Spillane had moved his family out of Hell's Kitchen to Woodside, Queens, because of threats of violence against his children. In 1966, a young upstart named Jimmy Coonan began slowly muscling in on Spillane’s territory. Ultimately, Coonan was sent to prison for ten years in 1967 for homicide. When he was released from prison, Coonan sought to align himself with the Gambino crime family through an up-and-coming mobster from Brooklyn, named Roy DeMeo. This would mark the beginning of the end for the Irish mob, as after Spillane‘s death, Coonan would eventually work for the Gambinos. Death
On May 13, 1977, Spillane, aged 43, was killed outside his apartment in Queens. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Spillane_(mobster) |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_133540930#5_150104989 | Title: Mickey Spillane (mobster) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mickey Spillane (mobster)
Mickey Spillane (mobster)
Contents
Life
Irish-Italian Mob War
Death
Family
In popular culture
See also
References
Books
Content: In 1966, a young upstart named Jimmy Coonan began slowly muscling in on Spillane’s territory. Ultimately, Coonan was sent to prison for ten years in 1967 for homicide. When he was released from prison, Coonan sought to align himself with the Gambino crime family through an up-and-coming mobster from Brooklyn, named Roy DeMeo. This would mark the beginning of the end for the Irish mob, as after Spillane‘s death, Coonan would eventually work for the Gambinos. Death
On May 13, 1977, Spillane, aged 43, was killed outside his apartment in Queens. It has long been rumored that DeMeo murdered Spillane as a favor to Coonan, who subsequently took over as the boss of the Hell's Kitchen Irish Mob. Spillane is buried in Calvary Cemetery, Queens, New York . Family
Spillane had three children. Michael (Mickey), Robert and Denise. Robert, an actor, fell six stories to his death on July 10, 2010, in Manhattan, New York, when he leaned against his apartment window screen. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mickey_Spillane_(mobster) |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_154469435#9_175246211 | Title: Migrant education - Wikipedia
Headings: Migrant education
Migrant education
Contents
Barriers to educational success
Cultural differences
Language differences
Lack of information
Psychological difficulties
Residential dislocation
Living conditions
Cost
In the United States
Demographics
Race
Language
Location
Distribution of migrant students in the U.S.
Education
Legislation and policy
Government programs
Migrant Education Program
High School Equivalency Program
College Assistance Migrant Program
Migrant Education Even Start
Nonprofit assistance
Educational success
Possible solutions
In China
In South Africa
See also
References
External links
Content: This refers to children who have moved school districts within the last 3 years due to agricultural work or work in related industries. Race
The racial breakdown of these migrant students is 86% Hispanic, 8% White, and less than 3% Black, American Indian/Alaskan Native, and Asian/Pacific Islander. Language
84% of these students speak little to no English, and about 90% speak a language other than English in their homes. The states with the highest level of students with limited English proficiency are Arizona (with 51% LEP migrant students) and Texas (with 37% LEP migrant students). Location
Distribution of migrant students in the U.S.
State/Territory
Number of MEP
Percentage of U.S. Total
California
166,793
30.8%
Texas
95,703
17.6%
Florida
33,068
6.1%
Puerto Rico
21,224
3.9%
Michigan
19,167
3.5%
Oregon
18,494
3.4%
Education
Of all of the foreign-born migrants in the United States, 22% have less than a 9th grade education. This percentage breaks down differently by country of origin, with migrants from Asia arriving with the most education and migrants from Latin America arriving with the least. Region of Origin
Percent of population 25+ years with less than a 9th grade education
Total foreign born
22.2%
Europe
12.7%
Asia
10%
Latin America
34.6%
Other regions
7.3%
Native
4.7%
Region of Origin
Percent of population with Bachelor's degree or higher
Total foreign born
25.8%
Europe
32.9%
Asia
44.9%
Latin America
11.2%
Other regions
36.8%
Native
25.6%
With regards to educational attainment, only six percent of foreign-born migrant farmworkers have completed 12th grade. Legislation and policy
Starting in the 1960s, the United States' government has passed a series of legislation intended to improve the lives of migrant and immigrant students. In 1968, the Bilingual Education Act allocated funding to individual | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Migrant_education |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_155517293#3_176247039 | Title: Miguel Pro - Wikipedia
Headings: Miguel Pro
Miguel Pro
Contents
Historical background
Childhood
Jesuit life in Mexico, persecution, exile abroad, and ordination
Return to Mexico
Arrest and execution
Beatification
References
External links
Content: Long-time President of Mexico Porfirio Díaz was ousted in 1911 after staging a rigged reelection, and a struggle for power – the Mexican Revolution – began. Pro studied in Mexico until 1914 when a massive wave of governmental anti-Catholicism forced the novitiate to dissolve and the Jesuits to flee to Los Gatos, California, in the United States. He then went to study in Granada, Spain (1915–19), and from 1919 to 1922 taught in Nicaragua. Back in Mexico, a new constitution for the country had been signed (1917). Five articles of the 1917 Constitution of Mexico were particularly aimed at suppression of the Catholic Church. Article 3 mandated secular education in schools, prohibiting the Church from participating in primary and secondary education. Article 5 outlawed monastic religious orders. Article 24 forbade public worship outside of church buildings, while Article 27 restricted religious organizations' rights to own property. Finally, Article 130 revoked basic civil rights of clergy members: priests and religious workers were prevented from wearing their habits, were denied the right to vote, and were forbidden from commenting on public affairs to the press. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_Pro |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_191021204#4_213433192 | Title: Mindless Behavior - Wikipedia
Headings: Mindless Behavior
Mindless Behavior
Contents
Career
Band members
Past members
Timeline
Member adjustments
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
Awards and nominations
References
External links
Content: They announced that they were going on a tour their third album "No Parents Allowed Tour" but was cancelled soon after for unexplained reasons and are getting ready to release an independent movie titled " Misguided Behavior ”. In February 2017, rumors started spreading around that the group had disbanded after Princeton announced it after answering a fan question as he claimed that the group wasn't getting the rights to their music and the members decided that they wanted to do solo careers. Band members
Past members
Prodigy (Craig Crippen, Jr.) – lead singer (2008–2013; 2014–2015)
Princeton (Jacob Perez) – backing vocalist, spokesperson (2008–2017)
Ray Ray (Rayan Lopez) – backing vocalist, sub-rapper, main rapper (2008–2015)
Roc Royal (Chresanto August) – backing vocalist, main rapper (2008–2014)
EJ (Elijah Johnson) – lead singer (2014–2017)
Mike (Michael Martin) – backing vocalist, sub-lead singer (2015–2017)
Timeline
Member adjustments
The group experienced a lot of adjustments since their formation in 2008 that included original members Prodigy, Princeton, Ray Ray and Roc Royal. In November 2013, it was announced that lead singer Prodigy left the group to pursue a solo career, which he proved to be untrue. He left the group because of bullying and mistreatment received from the camp. This left Princeton, Ray Ray and Roc Royal as a trio. In April 2014, the group announced that EJ would replace Prodigy as the group's new lead singer. In December 2014, Roc Royal was fired from the group due to his ill-mannered behavior. This included beating up a drug addict over money, having a baby at an early age and accusations of him stealing a producer's car. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mindless_Behavior |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_192388746#11_215138327 | Title: Mineral industry of Africa - Wikipedia
Headings: Mineral industry of Africa
Mineral industry of Africa
Contents
Key producers
Economics
Organizations promoting exports
Dependence of African countries
Investment
Exploration
Trade
Legislation
Environment
Metals
Aluminium, bauxite, and alumina
Copper
Gold
Iron and steel
Iron ore
Lead
Nickel
Platinum-group metals
Zinc
Titanium
Industrial minerals
Diamond
Phosphate rock
Mineral fuels
Coal
Uranium
Oil
See also
Citations
General references
External links
Content: Dependence of African countries
Many African countries are highly and dangerously dependent on mineral exports. Mineral fuels (coal, petroleum) account for more than 90% of the export earnings for Algeria, Equatorial Guinea, Libya, and Nigeria. Minerals account for 80% for Botswana (led by, in order of value, diamond, copper, nickel, soda ash, and gold), Congo (Brazzaville) (petroleum), Congo (Kinshasa) (diamond, petroleum, cobalt, and copper), Gabon (petroleum and manganese), Guinea (bauxite, alumina, gold, and diamond), Sierra Leone (diamond), and Sudan (petroleum and gold). Minerals and mineral fuels accounted for more than 50% of the export earnings of Mali (gold), Mauritania (iron ore), Mozambique (aluminium), Namibia (diamond, uranium, gold, and zinc), and Zambia (copper and cobalt). The mineral industry's exports make up an important part of the African gross income. Ongoing mining projects of more than US$1 billion are taking place in South Africa (PGM 69%; gold:31%), Guinea (bauxite and aluminium), Madagascar (nickel), Mozambique (coal), Congo (Kinshasa) and Zambia (cobalt and copper), Nigeria and Sudan (crude petroleum), Senegal (iron), and many others. Investment
The Department of Mineral Resources of South Africa reported that investment in newly committed precious metals projects in South Africa—those for which funds had already been committed or were being expended—was $8.26 billion in 2005. An additional $9.56 billion was reported for potential precious metals projects in South Africa (that is, feasibility-level projects for which funds had not yet been committed). PGM accounted for 69% of the investment and gold 31%. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Africa |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_192388746#12_215140730 | Title: Mineral industry of Africa - Wikipedia
Headings: Mineral industry of Africa
Mineral industry of Africa
Contents
Key producers
Economics
Organizations promoting exports
Dependence of African countries
Investment
Exploration
Trade
Legislation
Environment
Metals
Aluminium, bauxite, and alumina
Copper
Gold
Iron and steel
Iron ore
Lead
Nickel
Platinum-group metals
Zinc
Titanium
Industrial minerals
Diamond
Phosphate rock
Mineral fuels
Coal
Uranium
Oil
See also
Citations
General references
External links
Content: Ongoing mining projects of more than US$1 billion are taking place in South Africa (PGM 69%; gold:31%), Guinea (bauxite and aluminium), Madagascar (nickel), Mozambique (coal), Congo (Kinshasa) and Zambia (cobalt and copper), Nigeria and Sudan (crude petroleum), Senegal (iron), and many others. Investment
The Department of Mineral Resources of South Africa reported that investment in newly committed precious metals projects in South Africa—those for which funds had already been committed or were being expended—was $8.26 billion in 2005. An additional $9.56 billion was reported for potential precious metals projects in South Africa (that is, feasibility-level projects for which funds had not yet been committed). PGM accounted for 69% of the investment and gold 31%. Potential investments in iron ore projects was at least $950 million. Investment in newly committed processed minerals projects amounted to $681 million, and potential processed minerals projects is $584 million. By 2008, capital expenditure for the heavy mineral sands project at Mandena in Madagascar was expected to total $585 million; at Moma in Mozambique, $348 million; and at Kwale in Kenya, $178 million. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mineral_industry_of_Africa |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195236522#0_218542547 | Title: Minimalism (visual arts) - Wikipedia
Headings: Minimalism (visual arts)
Minimalism (visual arts)
Contents
History
Monochrome revival
See also
Footnotes
External links
Content: Minimalism (visual arts) - Wikipedia
Minimalism (visual arts)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Minimal art)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Visual arts movement
Tony Smith, Free Ride, 1962, 6'8 × 6'8 × 6'8, Museum of Modern Art (New York City)
Donald Judd, Untitled, 1991, Israel Museum Art Garden, Jerusalem
Minimalism describes movements in various forms of art and design, especially visual art and music, where the work is set out to expose the essence, essentials or identity of a subject through eliminating all non-essential forms, features or concepts. As a specific movement in the arts it is identified with developments in post–World War II Western Art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with this movement include Ad Reinhardt, Nassos Daphnis, Tony Smith, Donald Judd, John McCracken, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Robert Morris, Larry Bell, Anne Truitt, Yves Klein and Frank Stella. Artists themselves have sometimes reacted against the label due to the negative implication of the work being simplistic. Minimalism is often interpreted as a reaction to abstract expressionism and a bridge to postminimal art practices. Contents
1 History
2 Monochrome revival
3 See also
4 Footnotes
5 External links
History
Jean Metzinger, following the succès de scandale created from the Cubist showing at the 1911 Salon des Indépendants, in an interview with Cyril Berger published in Paris-Journal 29 May 1911, stated: We cubists have only done our duty by creating a new rhythm for the benefit of humanity. Others will come after us who will do the same. What will they find? That is the tremendous secret of the future. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimal_art |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195425182#0_218812426 | Title: Minimalism - Wikipedia
Headings: Minimalism
Minimalism
Contents
Minimal art, minimalism in visual art
Minimalist design and architecture
Minimalist architecture and space
Concepts and design elements
Influences from Japanese tradition
Minimalist architects and their works
Literary minimalism
Minimal music
Minimalism in film
Software and UI design
Examples
Skype design overhaul
Minimalism in science communication
See also
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Content: Minimalism - Wikipedia
Minimalism
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Movements in various forms of art and design
This article is about the concept in the arts. For other uses, see Minimalism (disambiguation). This article needs attention from an expert in architecture or arts. The specific problem is: to deal with redundant content, and large tracts of text and in-text lists that are unsourced, and so in violation of WP: VERIFY. WikiProject Architecture or WikiProject Arts may be able to help recruit an expert. ( August 2016)
This article is missing information about minimalism in user interface design. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. ( | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195425182#1_218813853 | Title: Minimalism - Wikipedia
Headings: Minimalism
Minimalism
Contents
Minimal art, minimalism in visual art
Minimalist design and architecture
Minimalist architecture and space
Concepts and design elements
Influences from Japanese tradition
Minimalist architects and their works
Literary minimalism
Minimal music
Minimalism in film
Software and UI design
Examples
Skype design overhaul
Minimalism in science communication
See also
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Content: VERIFY. WikiProject Architecture or WikiProject Arts may be able to help recruit an expert. ( August 2016)
This article is missing information about minimalism in user interface design. Please expand the article to include this information. Further details may exist on the talk page. ( September 2019)
Donald Judd "Untitled", concrete sculpture, 1991, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in post– World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with minimalism include Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Carl Andre, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction against abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary postminimal art practices, which extend or reflect on minimalism's original objectives. Minimalism in music often features repetition and gradual variation, such as the works of La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass, Julius Eastman, and John Adams. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195425182#2_218815639 | Title: Minimalism - Wikipedia
Headings: Minimalism
Minimalism
Contents
Minimal art, minimalism in visual art
Minimalist design and architecture
Minimalist architecture and space
Concepts and design elements
Influences from Japanese tradition
Minimalist architects and their works
Literary minimalism
Minimal music
Minimalism in film
Software and UI design
Examples
Skype design overhaul
Minimalism in science communication
See also
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Content: September 2019)
Donald Judd "Untitled", concrete sculpture, 1991, Israel Museum, Jerusalem
In visual arts, music, and other media, minimalism is an art movement that began in post– World War II Western art, most strongly with American visual arts in the 1960s and early 1970s. Prominent artists associated with minimalism include Donald Judd, Agnes Martin, Dan Flavin, Carl Andre, Robert Morris, Anne Truitt, and Frank Stella. The movement is often interpreted as a reaction against abstract expressionism and modernism; it anticipated contemporary postminimal art practices, which extend or reflect on minimalism's original objectives. Minimalism in music often features repetition and gradual variation, such as the works of La Monte Young, Terry Riley, Steve Reich, Philip Glass, Julius Eastman, and John Adams. The term minimalist often colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped to its essentials. It has accordingly been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett, the films of Robert Bresson, the stories of Raymond Carver, and the automobile designs of Colin Chapman. Contents
1 Minimal art, minimalism in visual art
2 Minimalist design and architecture
3 Minimalist architecture and space
3.1 Concepts and design elements
3.2 Influences from Japanese tradition
3.3 Minimalist architects and their works
4 Literary minimalism
5 Minimal music
6 Minimalism in film
7 Software and UI design
7.1 Examples
8 Minimalism in science communication
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
11.1 Citations
11.2 Sources
12 External links
Minimal art, minimalism in visual art
Main article: Minimalism (visual arts)
Kazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, oil on canvas, 79.5 x 79.5 cm, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Minimalism in visual art, generally referred to as "minimal art", "literalist art" and "ABC Art" emerged in New York in the early 1960s as new and older artists moved toward geometric abstraction; exploring via painting in the cases of Nassos Daphnis, Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Al Held, Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Ryman and others; | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_195425182#3_218818408 | Title: Minimalism - Wikipedia
Headings: Minimalism
Minimalism
Contents
Minimal art, minimalism in visual art
Minimalist design and architecture
Minimalist architecture and space
Concepts and design elements
Influences from Japanese tradition
Minimalist architects and their works
Literary minimalism
Minimal music
Minimalism in film
Software and UI design
Examples
Skype design overhaul
Minimalism in science communication
See also
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
External links
Content: The term minimalist often colloquially refers to anything that is spare or stripped to its essentials. It has accordingly been used to describe the plays and novels of Samuel Beckett, the films of Robert Bresson, the stories of Raymond Carver, and the automobile designs of Colin Chapman. Contents
1 Minimal art, minimalism in visual art
2 Minimalist design and architecture
3 Minimalist architecture and space
3.1 Concepts and design elements
3.2 Influences from Japanese tradition
3.3 Minimalist architects and their works
4 Literary minimalism
5 Minimal music
6 Minimalism in film
7 Software and UI design
7.1 Examples
8 Minimalism in science communication
9 See also
10 Notes
11 References
11.1 Citations
11.2 Sources
12 External links
Minimal art, minimalism in visual art
Main article: Minimalism (visual arts)
Kazimir Malevich, Black Square, 1915, oil on canvas, 79.5 x 79.5 cm, Tretyakov Gallery, Moscow
Minimalism in visual art, generally referred to as "minimal art", "literalist art" and "ABC Art" emerged in New York in the early 1960s as new and older artists moved toward geometric abstraction; exploring via painting in the cases of Nassos Daphnis, Frank Stella, Kenneth Noland, Al Held, Ellsworth Kelly, Robert Ryman and others; and sculpture in the works of various artists including David Smith, Anthony Caro, Tony Smith, Sol LeWitt, Carl Andre, Dan Flavin, Donald Judd and others. Judd's sculpture was showcased in 1964 at Green Gallery in Manhattan, as were Flavin's first fluorescent light works, while other leading Manhattan galleries like Leo Castelli Gallery and Pace Gallery also began to showcase artists focused on geometric abstraction. In addition there were two seminal and influential museum exhibitions: Primary Structures: Younger American and British Sculpture shown from April 27 – June 12, 1966 at the Jewish Museum in New York, organized by the museum's Curator of Painting and Sculpture, Kynaston McShine and Systemic Painting, at the Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum curated by Lawrence Alloway also in 1966 that showcased Geometric abstraction in the American art world via Shaped canvas, Color Field, and Hard-edge painting. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minimalism |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_196575266#3_220180541 | Title: Mining in Afghanistan - Wikipedia
Headings: Mining in Afghanistan
Mining in Afghanistan
Contents
Overview
History
Legal framework
Mining locations
Commodities
Copper
Coal
Gemstones
Gold
Iron ore
Lithium
Marble
Petroleum and natural gas
Rare-earth elements
Uranium
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: The energy resources consist of natural gas and petroleum. The government was working to introduce new mineral and hydrocarbon laws that would meet international standards of governance. The United States Geological Survey (USGS) and the British geological survey were doing resource estimation work in the country. Prior to that work, Afghanistan's exploration activity had been conducted by geologists from the Soviet Union who left good-quality geologic records that indicate significant mineral potential. Resource development would require improvements in the infrastructure and security in Afghanistan. The government had awarded contracts to develop the Aynak copper project and the Hajigak iron ore project; in addition, the government could offer tenders for new exploration, including exploration of copper at Balkhab, gold at Badakhshan, gemstones and lithium at nuristan, and oil and gas at sheberghan. The Ministry of Mines drew up its first business reform plan in a bid to create a more accountable and transparent mining industry. Afghanistan joined the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative as a candidate country. It was expected that after 5 years, the contribution of royalties from mineral production to the revenues of the government would be at least $1.2 billion per year, and that after 15 years, the contribution would increase to $3.5 billion per year. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Afghanistan |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_196575266#4_220182453 | Title: Mining in Afghanistan - Wikipedia
Headings: Mining in Afghanistan
Mining in Afghanistan
Contents
Overview
History
Legal framework
Mining locations
Commodities
Copper
Coal
Gemstones
Gold
Iron ore
Lithium
Marble
Petroleum and natural gas
Rare-earth elements
Uranium
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: The government had awarded contracts to develop the Aynak copper project and the Hajigak iron ore project; in addition, the government could offer tenders for new exploration, including exploration of copper at Balkhab, gold at Badakhshan, gemstones and lithium at nuristan, and oil and gas at sheberghan. The Ministry of Mines drew up its first business reform plan in a bid to create a more accountable and transparent mining industry. Afghanistan joined the Extractive Industries Transparency Initiative as a candidate country. It was expected that after 5 years, the contribution of royalties from mineral production to the revenues of the government would be at least $1.2 billion per year, and that after 15 years, the contribution would increase to $3.5 billion per year. Afghanistan has no local ownership requirements and its Constitution does not allow for nationalization. The 20% corporate tax rate was the lowest in the region. Afghanistan's mining industry was at a primitive artisanal stage of development; the operations were all low scale and output was supplied to local and regional markets. The government considered development of the country's mineral resources to be a priority for economic growth, including development of the industrial mineral resources (such as gravel, sand, and limestone for cement) for use by the domestic construction industry. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Afghanistan |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_196814277#0_220420103 | Title: Mining in Iran - Wikipedia
Headings: Mining in Iran
Mining in Iran
Contents
Economics
Commodities
Iron and steel
Iron ore
Steel
Bauxite and aluminium
Bauxite
Aluminium
Coal
Coke
Zinc and lead
Uranium
Copper
Gold
Cement
Foreign investments
Production statistics
See also
References
External links
Specialized reports
Videos
Content: Mining in Iran - Wikipedia
Mining in Iran
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Industry and mining map of Iran
Mining in Iran is still under development, yet the country is one of the most important mineral producers in the world, ranked among 15 major mineral-rich countries, holding some 68 types of minerals, 37 billion tonnes of proven reserves and more than 57 billion tonnes of potential reserves worth $770 billion in 2014. Mineral production contributes only 0.6 per cent to the country's GDP. Add other mining-related industries and this figure increases to just four per cent (2005). Many factors have contributed to this, namely lack of suitable infrastructure, legal barriers, exploration difficulties, and government control. The most important mines in Iran include coal, metallic minerals, sand and gravel, chemical minerals and salt. Khorasan has the most operating mines in Iran. Other large deposits which mostly remain underdeveloped are zinc (world's largest), copper (world's ninth largest reserves in 2011, according to the managing director of National Iranian Copper Industries Company), iron (world's 12th largest in 2013 according to the US Geological Survey ), uranium (world's tenth largest) and lead (world's eleventh largest). Iran with roughly 1% of the world's population holds more than 7% of the world's total mineral reserves. In 2019, the country was the 2nd largest world producer of gypsum; the 8th largest world producer of molybdenum; | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_in_Iran |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_197110045#24_220885932 | Title: Mining industry of Egypt - Wikipedia
Headings: Mining industry of Egypt
Mining industry of Egypt
Contents
History
Modern technology and gold exploration
See more
References
Content: a case study for the Central Eastern Desert Egypt". International Journal of Remote Sensing. 37 (8): 1762–1776. doi: 10.1080/01431161.2016.1165887. Wikimedia Commons has media related to Mining in Egypt. v
t
e
Mining in Africa
Sovereign states
Algeria
Angola
Benin
Botswana
Burkina Faso
Burundi
Cameroon
Cape Verde (Cabo Verde)
Central African Republic
Chad
Comoros
Democratic Republic of the Congo
Republic of the Congo
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Ethiopia
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Sudan
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States with limited
recognition
Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
Somaliland
Dependencies and
other territories
Canary Islands / Ceuta / Melilla (Spain)
Madeira (Portugal)
Mayotte / Réunion (France)
Saint Helena / Ascension Island / Tristan da Cunha (United Kingdom)
v
t
e
Egypt topics
History
Chronology
Prehistoric
Ancient
topics
Achaemenid
27th Dynasty
31st Dynasty
Ptolemaic
Battle of Actium
Lighthouse of Alexandria
Roman
Diocese of Egypt
Library of Alexandria
Christian | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mining_industry_of_Egypt |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_201681325#0_227158349 | Title: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party - Wikipedia
Headings: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
Contents
History
Current elected officials
Members of Congress
U.S. Senate
U.S. House of Representatives
Statewide officials
State legislative leaders
Current leadership
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party - Wikipedia
Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Political party in Minnesota, United States
"DFL" redirects here. For other uses, see DFL (disambiguation). This article includes a list of general references, but it remains largely unverified because it lacks sufficient corresponding inline citations. Please help to improve this article by introducing more precise citations. ( August 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
Abbreviation
DFL
Chairperson
Ken Martin
Governor of Minnesota
Tim Walz
Lieutenant Governor of Minnesota
Peggy Flanagan
Senate Minority Leader
Susan Kent
House Speaker
Melissa Hortman
Founded
April 15, 1944; 76 years ago
( 1944-04-15)
Merger of
Minnesota Democratic Party and Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party
Headquarters
255 Plato Boulevard East
Saint Paul, Minnesota
Youth wing
Minnesota Young DFL (MYDFL)
Ideology
Centrism
Modern liberalism
Progressivism
Populism
Political position
Center to center-left
National affiliation
Democratic Party
Colors
Blue
Senate
31 / 67
House of Representatives
70 / 134
Statewide Executive Offices
5 / 5
U.S. Senate
2 / 2
U.S. House of Representatives
4 / 8
Website
www .dfl .org
Politics of Minnesota
Political parties
Elections
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944, the DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name, the other being the North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party . Contents
1 History
2 Current elected officials
2.1 Members of Congress
2.1.1 U.S. Senate
2.1.2 U.S. House of Representatives
2.2 Statewide officials
2.3 State legislative leaders
3 Current leadership
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History
DFL logo used on a lectern at the 2006 DFL state convention. DFL 2006 state convention registration desk. The DFL was created on April 15, 1944, with the merger of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the larger Farmer–Labor Party. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_201681325#1_227161347 | Title: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party - Wikipedia
Headings: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
Contents
History
Current elected officials
Members of Congress
U.S. Senate
U.S. House of Representatives
Statewide officials
State legislative leaders
Current leadership
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: 76 years ago
( 1944-04-15)
Merger of
Minnesota Democratic Party and Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party
Headquarters
255 Plato Boulevard East
Saint Paul, Minnesota
Youth wing
Minnesota Young DFL (MYDFL)
Ideology
Centrism
Modern liberalism
Progressivism
Populism
Political position
Center to center-left
National affiliation
Democratic Party
Colors
Blue
Senate
31 / 67
House of Representatives
70 / 134
Statewide Executive Offices
5 / 5
U.S. Senate
2 / 2
U.S. House of Representatives
4 / 8
Website
www .dfl .org
Politics of Minnesota
Political parties
Elections
The Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party ( DFL) is the affiliate of the Democratic Party in the U.S. state of Minnesota. Formed by a merger between the Minnesota Democratic Party and the Minnesota Farmer–Labor Party in 1944, the DFL is one of two state Democratic Party affiliates with a different name, the other being the North Dakota Democratic–Nonpartisan League Party . Contents
1 History
2 Current elected officials
2.1 Members of Congress
2.1.1 U.S. Senate
2.1.2 U.S. House of Representatives
2.2 Statewide officials
2.3 State legislative leaders
3 Current leadership
4 See also
5 References
6 Further reading
7 External links
History
DFL logo used on a lectern at the 2006 DFL state convention. DFL 2006 state convention registration desk. The DFL was created on April 15, 1944, with the merger of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the larger Farmer–Labor Party. Leading the merger effort were Elmer Kelm, the head of the Minnesota Democratic Party and the founding chairman of the DFL; Elmer Benson, effectively the head of the Farmer–Labor Party by virtue of his leadership of its dominant left-wing faction; and rising star Hubert H. Humphrey, who chaired the Fusion Committee that accomplished the union and then went on to chair its first state convention. By the party's second convention in 1946, tensions had re-emerged between members of the two former parties. While the majority of delegates supported left-wing policies, Humphrey managed to install a more conservative ally, Orville Freeman, as party secretary. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_201681325#9_227173304 | Title: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party - Wikipedia
Headings: Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
Minnesota Democratic–Farmer–Labor Party
Contents
History
Current elected officials
Members of Congress
U.S. Senate
U.S. House of Representatives
Statewide officials
State legislative leaders
Current leadership
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Minnesota Post. ^ Loughlin, Sean (October 25, 2002). " Wellstone Made Mark as a Liberal Champion". CNN. Retrieved June 23, 2014. Further reading
Delton, Jennifer A. Making Minnesota Liberal: Civil Rights and the Transformation of the Democratic Party. Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press, 2002. Haynes, John Earl. " | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Democratic%E2%80%93Farmer%E2%80%93Labor_Party |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_202126757#7_227686371 | Title: Minnesota Legislature - Wikipedia
Headings: Minnesota Legislature
Minnesota Legislature
Contents
History
The non-partisan era
Recent history
Television broadcasts
Gallery
See also
References
External links
Content: In 1984, the Legislature ordered that all gender-specific pronouns be removed from the state laws. After two years of work, the rewritten laws were adopted. Only 301 of 20,000 pronouns were feminine. " His" was changed 10,000 times and "he" was changed 6,000 times. The non-partisan era
In 1913, Minnesota legislators began to be elected on nonpartisan ballots. This was a historical accident that occurred when a bill to provide for no-party elections of judges, city, and county officers was amended to include the Legislature in the belief that it would kill the bill. While Minnesota legislators were elected on a nonpartisan ballot, they caucused as "Liberals" or "Conservatives," roughly the equivalent in most years to Democratic or Farmer–Labor (later Democratic–Farmer–Labor) and Republican, respectively. In 1974, House members again ran with party designation. In 1976, Senate members again ran with party designation. Recent history
Governor Jesse Ventura advocated the idea of changing the Legislature to be unicameral while he was in office, but the concept did not obtain widespread support. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Legislature |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_202126757#8_227687907 | Title: Minnesota Legislature - Wikipedia
Headings: Minnesota Legislature
Minnesota Legislature
Contents
History
The non-partisan era
Recent history
Television broadcasts
Gallery
See also
References
External links
Content: This was a historical accident that occurred when a bill to provide for no-party elections of judges, city, and county officers was amended to include the Legislature in the belief that it would kill the bill. While Minnesota legislators were elected on a nonpartisan ballot, they caucused as "Liberals" or "Conservatives," roughly the equivalent in most years to Democratic or Farmer–Labor (later Democratic–Farmer–Labor) and Republican, respectively. In 1974, House members again ran with party designation. In 1976, Senate members again ran with party designation. Recent history
Governor Jesse Ventura advocated the idea of changing the Legislature to be unicameral while he was in office, but the concept did not obtain widespread support. In 2004, the Legislature ended its regular session without acting on a majority of the planned legislation, largely due to political divisiveness on a variety of issues ranging from education to same-sex marriage (See same-sex marriage in the United States for related events during the year). A proper budget failed to pass, and major anticipated projects such as the Northstar Corridor commuter rail line were not approved. Governor Tim Pawlenty, an advocate of the line (formerly an opponent), was expected to request a special session, but ended up helping the coordination of other funds to continue development of the line. The lack of action in the 2004 session is said to be one reason why a number of Republican House members lost their seats in the November election. The Democratic–Farmer–Labor (DFL) minority grew from 53 to 66 and the Republican majority was reduced from 81 to 68. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_Legislature |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_202347659#0_227888496 | Title: Minnesota River - Wikipedia
Headings: Minnesota River
Minnesota River
Contents
Commercial significance
Tributaries
Cities and towns
See also
Notes and references
Sources
External links
Content: Minnesota River - Wikipedia
Minnesota River
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
River in Minnesota, United States
Minnesota River
The Mendota Bridge crossing the Minnesota River, just above its mouth
Map of the Minnesota River
Native name
Watpá Mnísota
Location
Country
United States
State
Minnesota
Cities
Bloomington, MN, Eden Prairie, MN, Mankato, MN, Shakopee, MN, Burnsville, MN, Eagan, MN, Le Sueur, MN
Physical characteristics
Source
Big Stone Lake
• location
Big Stone Lake, Big Stone County, MN
• elevation
964 ft (294 m)
Mouth
Mississippi River
• location
Near Fort Snelling in Minnesota, Hennepin County, MN
• elevation
690 ft (210 m)
Length
370 mi (600 km)
Basin size
17,000 sq mi (44,000 km 2)
Discharge
• location
Fort Snelling State Park
• average
8,356 cubic feet (236.6 m 3) per sec. The Minnesota River ( Dakota: Mnísota Wakpá) is a tributary of the Mississippi River, approximately 332 miles (534 km) long, in the U.S. state of Minnesota. It drains a watershed of nearly 17,000 square miles (44,000 km 2 ), 14,751 square miles (38,200 km 2) in Minnesota and about 2,000 sq mi (5,200 km 2) in South Dakota and Iowa . It rises in southwestern Minnesota, in Big Stone Lake on the Minnesota–South Dakota border just south of the Laurentian Divide at the Traverse Gap portage. It flows southeast to Mankato, then turns northeast. It joins the Mississippi south of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, near the historic Fort Snelling. The valley is one of several distinct regions of Minnesota. The name Minnesota comes from the Dakota language phrase, "Mnisota Makoce" which is translated to "land where the waters reflect the sky", as a reference to the many lakes in Minnesota rather than the cloudiness of the actual river. For over a century prior to the organization of the Minnesota Territory in 1849, the name St. Pierre (St. Peter) had been generally applied to the river by French and English explorers and writers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_River |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_202347659#1_227890957 | Title: Minnesota River - Wikipedia
Headings: Minnesota River
Minnesota River
Contents
Commercial significance
Tributaries
Cities and towns
See also
Notes and references
Sources
External links
Content: It flows southeast to Mankato, then turns northeast. It joins the Mississippi south of the Twin Cities of Minneapolis and St. Paul, near the historic Fort Snelling. The valley is one of several distinct regions of Minnesota. The name Minnesota comes from the Dakota language phrase, "Mnisota Makoce" which is translated to "land where the waters reflect the sky", as a reference to the many lakes in Minnesota rather than the cloudiness of the actual river. For over a century prior to the organization of the Minnesota Territory in 1849, the name St. Pierre (St. Peter) had been generally applied to the river by French and English explorers and writers. Minnesota River is shown on the 1757 edition of Mitchell Map as "Ouadebameniſsouté [ Watpá Mnísota] or R. St. Peter". On June 19, 1852, acting upon a request from the Minnesota territorial legislature, the United States Congress decreed the aboriginal name for the river, Minnesota, to be the river’s official name and ordered all agencies of the federal government to use that name when referencing it. The valley that the Minnesota River flows in is up to five miles (8 km) wide and 250 feet (80 m) deep. It was carved into the landscape by the massive glacial River Warren between 11,700 and 9,400 years ago at the end of the last ice age in North America. Pierre-Charles Le Sueur was the first European known to have traveled along the river. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minnesota_River |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_209479689#3_235948367 | Title: Miranda v. Arizona - Wikipedia
Headings: Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda v. Arizona
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
Legal
Factual
Supreme Court decision
Opinion of the Court
Clark's concurrence in part, dissent in part
Harlan's dissent
White's dissent
Subsequent developments
Retrial
Reaction
Miranda warning
Legal developments
Effect on law enforcement
In popular culture
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: rehearing denied, Ariz. Supreme Ct. March 11, 1969; cert. denied, 396 U.S. 868 (1969). Holding
The Fifth Amendment right against self incrimination requires law enforcement officials to advise a suspect interrogated in custody of their rights to remain silent and to obtain an attorney, at no charge if need be. Supreme Court of Arizona reversed and remanded. Court membership
Chief Justice
Earl Warren
Associate Justices
Hugo Black · William O. Douglas
Tom C. Clark · John M. Harlan II
William J. Brennan Jr. · Potter Stewart
Byron White · Abe Fortas
Case opinions
Majority
Warren, joined by Black, Douglas, Brennan, Fortas
Concur/dissent
Clark
Dissent
Harlan, joined by Stewart, White
Dissent
White, joined by Harlan, Stewart
Laws applied
U.S. Const. amends. V, VI, XIV
Miranda v. Arizona, 384 U.S. 436 (1966), was a landmark decision of the U.S. Supreme Court in which the Court ruled that the Fifth Amendment to the U.S. Constitution restricts prosecutors from using a person's statements made in response to interrogation in police custody as evidence at their trial unless they can show that the person was informed of the right to consult with an attorney before and during questioning, and of the right against self-incrimination before police questioning, and that the defendant not only understood these rights, but voluntarily waived them. Miranda was viewed by many as a radical change in American criminal law, since the Fifth Amendment was traditionally understood only to protect Americans against formal types of compulsion to confess, such as threats of contempt of court. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_v._Arizona |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_209479689#9_235963425 | Title: Miranda v. Arizona - Wikipedia
Headings: Miranda v. Arizona
Miranda v. Arizona
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Background
Legal
Factual
Supreme Court decision
Opinion of the Court
Clark's concurrence in part, dissent in part
Harlan's dissent
White's dissent
Subsequent developments
Retrial
Reaction
Miranda warning
Legal developments
Effect on law enforcement
In popular culture
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Attorney John Paul Frank, former law clerk to Justice Hugo Black, represented Miranda in his appeal to the U.S. Supreme Court. Gary K. Nelson represented Arizona. Supreme Court decision
On June 13, 1966, the Supreme Court issued a 5–4 decision in Miranda's favor that overturned his conviction and remanded his case back to Arizona for retrial. Opinion of the Court
Chief Justice Earl Warren, the author of the majority opinion in Miranda
Five justices formed the majority and joined an opinion written by Chief Justice Earl Warren. The Court ruled that because of the coercive nature of the custodial interrogation by police (Warren cited several police training manuals that had not been provided in the arguments), no confession could be admissible under the Fifth Amendment self-incrimination clause and Sixth Amendment right to an attorney unless a suspect has been made aware of his rights and the suspect has then waived them: The person in custody must, prior to interrogation, be clearly informed that he has the right to remain silent, and that anything he says will be used against him in court; he must be clearly informed that he has the right to consult with a lawyer and to have the lawyer with him during interrogation, and that, if he is indigent, a lawyer will be appointed to represent him. Thus, Miranda's conviction was overturned. The Court also made clear what must happen if a suspect chooses to exercise his or her rights: If the individual indicates in any manner, at any time prior to or during questioning, that he wishes to remain silent, the interrogation must cease ... If the individual states that he wants an attorney, the interrogation must cease until an attorney is present. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miranda_v._Arizona |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_220791411#14_248710266 | Title: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo - Wikipedia
Headings: Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
Mission San Carlos Borromeo de Carmelo
Contents
History
Relocation to Carmel Valley
Serra's headquarters
Indian baptisms
Forced labor
Crops and livestock
Secularized and abandoned
Restoration
Modern use
Modern restoration
Vandalism
Notable interments
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Content: The Mission reported to Mexico that it had 2,180 horses and cattle, and 4,160 smaller livestock, including sheep. The total grain harvested was about 3,700 bushels per year with a high of 7,400 in 1797. In December 1832, the mission reported to Mexico that it had 2,100 cattle, 3,300 sheep, 410 horses, and 8 mules. Secularized and abandoned
Main article: Mexican secularization act of 1833
The Mexican government was concerned that the missions remained loyal to the Catholic Church in Spain. Only eight months later, in August 1833, the government secularized all of the missions and their valuable lands. The government stipulated that half the mission lands should be awarded to the native people, but this purpose was never accomplished. Most mission property was bought by government officials or their wealthy friends. The priests could not maintain the missions without the Indians' forced labor and the mission and lands were soon abandoned. The Indians were forced from the mission by the new landowners. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mission_San_Carlos_Borromeo_de_Carmelo |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_221962598#1_250209432 | Title: Mississippi River - Wikipedia
Headings: Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Contents
Name and significance
Divisions
Upper Mississippi
Middle Mississippi
Lower Mississippi
Watershed
Outflow
Course changes
Prehistoric courses
Historic course changes
New Madrid Seismic Zone
Length
Depth
Cultural geography
State boundaries
Communities along the river
Bridge crossings
Navigation and flood control
19th century
20th century
21st century
History
Native Americans
European exploration
Colonization
Steamboat era
Civil War
20th and 21st centuries
Future
Recreation
Ecology
Fish
Other fauna
Introduced species
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: Mihsi-siipiiwi, Cheyenne: Ma'xeé'ometāā'e, Kiowa: Xósáu, Arapaho: Beesniicie, Pawnee: Kickaátit
Mississippi River near Fire Point in Effigy Mounds National Monument, Iowa
Mississippi River basin
Etymology
Ojibwe Misi-ziibi, meaning "Great River"
Nickname (s)
"Old Man River," "Father of Waters"
Location
Country
United States
State
Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa, Illinois, Missouri, Kentucky, Tennessee, Arkansas, Mississippi, Louisiana
Cities
Saint Cloud, MN, Minneapolis, MN, St. Paul, MN, La Crosse, WI, Quad Cities, IA/IL, St. Louis, MO, Memphis, TN, Greenville, MS, Vicksburg, MS, Baton Rouge, LA, New Orleans, LA
Physical characteristics
Source
Lake Itasca (traditional)
• location
Itasca State Park, Clearwater County, MN
• coordinates
47°14′23″N 95°12′27″W
/ 47.23972°N 95.20750°W / 47.23972; -95.20750
• elevation
1,475 ft (450 m)
Mouth
Gulf of Mexico
• location
Pilottown, Plaquemines Parish, LA
• coordinates
29°09′04″N 89°15′12″W
/ 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333
Coordinates: 29°09′04″N 89°15′12″W
/ 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333
• elevation
0 ft (0 m)
Length
2,320 mi (3,730 km)
Basin size
1,151,000 sq mi (2,980,000 km 2)
Discharge
• location
mouth; max and min at Baton Rouge, LA
• average
593,000 cu ft/s (16,800 m 3 /s)
• minimum
159,000 cu ft/s (4,500 m 3 /s)
• maximum
3,065,000 cu ft/s (86,800 m 3 /s)
Discharge
• location
St. Louis
• average
168,000 cu ft/s (4,800 m 3 /s)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left
St. Croix River, Wisconsin River, Rock River, Illinois River, Kaskaskia River, Ohio River, Yazoo River, Big Black River
• right
Minnesota River, Des Moines River, Missouri River, White River, Arkansas River, Ouachita River, Red River, Atchafalaya River
The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississipi_river |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_221962598#2_250212564 | Title: Mississippi River - Wikipedia
Headings: Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Contents
Name and significance
Divisions
Upper Mississippi
Middle Mississippi
Lower Mississippi
Watershed
Outflow
Course changes
Prehistoric courses
Historic course changes
New Madrid Seismic Zone
Length
Depth
Cultural geography
State boundaries
Communities along the river
Bridge crossings
Navigation and flood control
19th century
20th century
21st century
History
Native Americans
European exploration
Colonization
Steamboat era
Civil War
20th and 21st centuries
Future
Recreation
Ecology
Fish
Other fauna
Introduced species
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: -95.20750
• elevation
1,475 ft (450 m)
Mouth
Gulf of Mexico
• location
Pilottown, Plaquemines Parish, LA
• coordinates
29°09′04″N 89°15′12″W
/ 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333
Coordinates: 29°09′04″N 89°15′12″W
/ 29.15111°N 89.25333°W / 29.15111; -89.25333
• elevation
0 ft (0 m)
Length
2,320 mi (3,730 km)
Basin size
1,151,000 sq mi (2,980,000 km 2)
Discharge
• location
mouth; max and min at Baton Rouge, LA
• average
593,000 cu ft/s (16,800 m 3 /s)
• minimum
159,000 cu ft/s (4,500 m 3 /s)
• maximum
3,065,000 cu ft/s (86,800 m 3 /s)
Discharge
• location
St. Louis
• average
168,000 cu ft/s (4,800 m 3 /s)
Basin features
Tributaries
• left
St. Croix River, Wisconsin River, Rock River, Illinois River, Kaskaskia River, Ohio River, Yazoo River, Big Black River
• right
Minnesota River, Des Moines River, Missouri River, White River, Arkansas River, Ouachita River, Red River, Atchafalaya River
The Mississippi River is the second-longest river and chief river of the second-largest drainage system on the North American continent, second only to the Hudson Bay drainage system. From its traditional source of Lake Itasca in northern Minnesota, it flows generally south for 2,320 miles (3,730 km) to the Mississippi River Delta in the Gulf of Mexico. With its many tributaries, the Mississippi's watershed drains all or parts of 32 U.S. states and two Canadian provinces between the Rocky and Appalachian mountains. The main stem is entirely within the United States; the total drainage basin is 1,151,000 sq mi (2,980,000 km 2 ), of which only about one percent is in Canada. The Mississippi ranks as the fifteenth-largest river by discharge in the world. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississipi_river |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_221962598#8_250228941 | Title: Mississippi River - Wikipedia
Headings: Mississippi River
Mississippi River
Contents
Name and significance
Divisions
Upper Mississippi
Middle Mississippi
Lower Mississippi
Watershed
Outflow
Course changes
Prehistoric courses
Historic course changes
New Madrid Seismic Zone
Length
Depth
Cultural geography
State boundaries
Communities along the river
Bridge crossings
Navigation and flood control
19th century
20th century
21st century
History
Native Americans
European exploration
Colonization
Steamboat era
Civil War
20th and 21st centuries
Future
Recreation
Ecology
Fish
Other fauna
Introduced species
See also
References
Further reading
External links
Content: and the Lower Mississippi, which flows from the Ohio to the Gulf of Mexico. Upper Mississippi
Main article: Upper Mississippi River
The beginning of the Mississippi River at Lake Itasca (2004)
Former head of navigation, St. Anthony Falls
Confluence of the Wisconsin and Mississippi Rivers, viewed from Wyalusing State Park in Wisconsin
The Upper Mississippi runs from its headwaters to its confluence with the Missouri River at St. Louis, Missouri. It is divided into two sections: The headwaters, 493 miles (793 km) from the source to Saint Anthony Falls in Minneapolis, Minnesota; and
A navigable channel, formed by a series of man-made lakes between Minneapolis and St. Louis, Missouri, some 664 miles (1,069 km). The source of the Upper Mississippi branch is traditionally accepted as Lake Itasca, 1,475 feet (450 m) above sea level in Itasca State Park in Clearwater County, Minnesota. The name Itasca was chosen to designate the "true head" of the Mississippi River as a combination of the last four letters of the Latin word for truth ( veritas) and the first two letters of the Latin word for head ( caput ). However, the lake is in turn fed by a number of smaller streams. From its origin at Lake Itasca to St. Louis, Missouri, the waterway's flow is moderated by 43 dams. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mississipi_river |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228950291#0_258159862 | Title: Mithila - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila
Mithila
Contents
Places
People
Other uses
See also
Content: Mithila - Wikipedia
Mithila
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
Mithila may refer to: Contents
1 Places
2 People
3 Other uses
4 See also
Places
Mithila, a synonym for the ancient Kingdom of the Videhas
Mithila (ancient city), the ancient capital city of Videha or Tirhut
Mithila (region), a cultural region (historical and contemporary), now divided between India and Nepal
History of Mithila Region
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
People
Mithila Prasad Tripathi, Indian poet of Sanskrit language
Mithila Sharma, Nepalese dancer and actor
Rafiath Rashid Mithila (born 1984), Bengali model, actress, and singer
Mithila Palkar (born 1993), Indian actress
Other uses
Mithila (moth), a genus of moths of the family Erebidae
Mithila painting, an Indian painting style
See also
All pages with titles containing Mithila
Disambiguation page providing links to topics that could be referred to by the same search term
This disambiguation page lists articles associated with the title Mithila. If an internal link led you here, you may wish to change the link to point directly to the intended article. Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithila&oldid=999738876 "
Categories: Disambiguation pages
Place name disambiguation pages
Disambiguation pages with given-name-holder lists
Disambiguation pages with surname-holder lists
Hidden categories: Disambiguation pages with short descriptions
Short description is different from Wikidata
All article disambiguation pages
All disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#0_258161708 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
(Redirected from Mithila, India)
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article is about the proposed state of India. For the historic region, see Mithila (region). Proposed state in India
Mithila
Proposed state
Country
India
Region
Eastern India
Proposed divisions
List
Tirhut division
Darbhanga division
Kosi division
Purnia division
Bhagalpur division
Munger division
Santhal Pargana division
Language
Maithili
Mithila is a proposed state in India, comprising the Maithili speaking region of Bihar and Jharkhand. The Maithili language has own traditional script, known as Mithilakshar. It is part of the historical Mithila region. The proposed state will also include some Angika and Bajjika speaking districts which are considered by some to be dialects of Maithili. What will be the capital city of Mithila, India is still to be decided. There was also a movement in the Maithili speaking areas of Nepal for a separate state which ended in 2015, after Constitution of Nepal (2015) ensured it in form of province two. Contents
1 History
2 Proposed Districts
3 Political support
3.1 Bharatiya Janata Party
3.2 Janata Dal (United)
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
History
Dr Laksman Jha and Others demanded a Mithila state shortly after independence and the former Chief Minister of Bihar, Jagannath Mishra has also expressed support for the creation of the state. Various organisations have been formed that demand the formation of a state including the Maithil Mahasabha and the Mithilanchal Vikash Congress the former received support from Raj Darbhanga. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#2_258165776 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: Various demonstrations have taken place demanding a Mithila state with a major protest taking place in Delhi in 2009 organised by the Akhil Bharatiya Mithila Rajya Sangharsh Samiti. Mithila Student Union is the organisation of young and dynamic students of Mithila (region), however it has not cleared its stand on separate state till date. Proposed Districts
This section does not cite any sources. Please help improve this section by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. ( March 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Araria district
Begusarai district
Bhagalpur district
Darbhanga district
Deoghar district
Dumka district
East Champaran
Godda district
Jamtara district
Jamui district
Katihar district
Khagaria district
Kishanganj district
Lakhisarai district
Madhepura district
Madhubani district
Munger district
Muzaffarpur district
Pakur district
Purnia district
Saharsa district
Sahebganj district
Samastipur district
Sheohar district
Sitamarhi district
Supaul district
Vaishali district
West Champaran
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Former BJP MP Kirti Azad from Darbhanga (Current Congress leader) has organised multiple dharnas and protests in support of Mithila. He has also launched a signature campaign in Mithila aiming to raise awareness. Senior BJP leader, Tarakant Jha, former chairman of Bihar Legislative Council, has organised public rallies supporting Mithila. Janata Dal (United)
In November 2011, Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar also extended his support for the statehood of Mithila. Shravan Chaudhary, JDU state president, has openly supported the demand for the statehood of Mithila. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#3_258167945 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: March 2019) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Araria district
Begusarai district
Bhagalpur district
Darbhanga district
Deoghar district
Dumka district
East Champaran
Godda district
Jamtara district
Jamui district
Katihar district
Khagaria district
Kishanganj district
Lakhisarai district
Madhepura district
Madhubani district
Munger district
Muzaffarpur district
Pakur district
Purnia district
Saharsa district
Sahebganj district
Samastipur district
Sheohar district
Sitamarhi district
Supaul district
Vaishali district
West Champaran
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Former BJP MP Kirti Azad from Darbhanga (Current Congress leader) has organised multiple dharnas and protests in support of Mithila. He has also launched a signature campaign in Mithila aiming to raise awareness. Senior BJP leader, Tarakant Jha, former chairman of Bihar Legislative Council, has organised public rallies supporting Mithila. Janata Dal (United)
In November 2011, Bihar Chief Minister Nitish Kumar also extended his support for the statehood of Mithila. Shravan Chaudhary, JDU state president, has openly supported the demand for the statehood of Mithila. See also
Mithila, Nepal
Maithili language
Maithil
Saharsa
Darbhanga
References
^ a bKumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. p. 146. ISBN 9788170226918. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#4_258169828 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: See also
Mithila, Nepal
Maithili language
Maithil
Saharsa
Darbhanga
References
^ a bKumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. p. 146. ISBN 9788170226918. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. ^ L. P. Vidyarthi (1981). " Development of Researches in Anthropology in India: A Case Study of Bihar". Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#5_258170694 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: Retrieved 16 February 2017. ^ L. P. Vidyarthi (1981). " Development of Researches in Anthropology in India: A Case Study of Bihar". Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017. ^ Gellner, D.; Pfaff-Czarnecka, J.; Whelpton, J. (6 December 2012). Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#6_258171459 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: Retrieved 19 February 2017. ^ Gellner, D.; Pfaff-Czarnecka, J.; Whelpton, J. (6 December 2012). Nationalism and Ethnicity in a Hindu Kingdom: The Politics and Culture of contemporary Nepal. p. 251. ISBN 9781136649561. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#7_258172188 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: The Politics and Culture of contemporary Nepal. p. 251. ISBN 9781136649561. Archived from the original on 22 March 2017. Retrieved 21 March 2017. ^ Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. pp. 148–152. ISBN 9788170226918. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#8_258172891 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: ^ Kumāra, Braja Bihārī (1998). Small States Syndrome in India. pp. 148–152. ISBN 9788170226918. Archived from the original on 17 February 2017. Retrieved 16 February 2017. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 20 February 2017. Retrieved 19 February 2017. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#10_258174450 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link)
^ "Demand for Mithila state gains momentum, politicians join demonstration at Jantar Mantar". Post.jagran.com. 2 August 2011. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 22 February 2017. Retrieved 21 February 2017. CS1 maint: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#12_258175990 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: archived copy as title ( link)
^ "Archived copy". Archived from the original on 17 March 2013. Retrieved 10 March 2012. CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link)
^ "article". Post.jagran.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "राज्य पुनर्गठन : व्यापक हो नजरिया « संपादकीय ब्लॉग". | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#13_258176962 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: Post.jagran.com. Archived from the original on 15 January 2012. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "राज्य पुनर्गठन : व्यापक हो नजरिया « संपादकीय ब्लॉग". Jagraneditorial.jagranjunction.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "जेडी (यू) ने पृथक मिथिला राज्य की मांग का समर्थन किया- Navbharat Times". Navbharat Times. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#14_258178159 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: Jagraneditorial.jagranjunction.com. Archived from the original on 25 December 2011. Retrieved 4 May 2012. ^ "जेडी (यू) ने पृथक मिथिला राज्य की मांग का समर्थन किया- Navbharat Times". Navbharat Times. 22 January 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2012. External links
मिथिला संस्कृति विकास समिति (Mithila Culture Development Committee)
राष्ट्रिय मिथिला कला संस्थान (National Institute of Mithila Art)
मिथिला now
v
t
e
Historical regions of North India
Ahirwal
Awadh
Bagelkhand
Bagar
Baltistan
Bhojpur
Braj
Bundelkhand
Dardistan
Doaba
Dhundhar
Garhwal
Godwar
Hadoti
Jammu
Kashmir
Kumaon
Ladakh
Majha
Malwa (Punjab)
Marwar
Mewar
Mewat
Purvanchal
Rohilkhand
Shekhawati
Vagad
v
t
e
Proposed states and union territories of India
Proposed states
Awadh Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh)
Baghelkhand (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh)
Bhojpur (Bihar/Uttar Pradesh)
Bodoland (Assam)
Braj Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh)
Bundelkhand (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh)
Delhi
Dimaraji (Assam/Nagaland)
Garoland (Meghalaya)
Gondwana (Chhattisgarh/Madhya Pradesh/Odisha)
Gorkhaland (West Bengal)
Harit Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh)
Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir)
Kamtapur (West Bengal)
Karbi Anglong (Assam)
Karu Nadu (Karnataka)
Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir)
Khandesh (Maharashtra)
Kodagu (Karnataka)
Kongu Nadu (Tamil Nadu)
Konkan (Goa/Karnataka/Maharashtra)
Kosal (Odisha)
Kutch (Gujarat)
Mahakoshal (Madhya Pradesh)
Malabar (Kerala)
Malwa (Madhya Pradesh)
Marathwada (Maharashtra)
Maru Pradesh (Rajasthan)
Mithila (Bihar)
Panun Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir)
Purvanchal (Uttar Pradesh)
Rarhbhumi (Odisha)
Rayalaseema (Andhra Pradesh)
Saurashtra (Gujarat)
Tipraland (Tripura)
Tulu Nadu (Karnataka/Kerala)
Vidarbha (Maharashtra)
Vindhya Pradesh (Madhya Pradesh)
Proposed union territories
Karaikal (Puducherry)
Current states and union territories of India
v
t
e
Ramayana
Ikshvaku dynasty
Dasharatha
Kausalya
Sumitra
Kaikeyi
Shanta
Rama
Bharata
Lakshmana
Shatrughna
Sita
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Mandavi
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(genealogy)
Vanara
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Vali
Angada
Tara
Rumā
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Nila
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Dhanyamalini
Lavanasura
Malyavan
Maricha
Mayasura
Narantaka-Devantaka
Prahasta
Sarama
Subahu
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Sumali
Shurpanakha
Tataka
Trijata
Trishira
Viradha
Sages
Agastya
Ahalya
Arundhati
Bharadwaja
Kambhoja
Parashurama
Vasistha
Vishvamitra
Rishyasringa
Other characters
and concepts
Lakshmana rekha
Jambavan
Janaka
Kushadhwaja
Jatayu
Manthara
Ashwapati
Sampati
Shabari
Shravan
Vedavati
Shambuka
Maya Sita
Places
Ayodhya
Mithila
Dandakaranya
Kishkindha
Lanka
Oshadhiparvata
Books/Kandas
Bala
Ayodhya
Aranya
Kishkindha
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Yuddha
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Versions
Adbhuta Ramayana
Adhyathmaramayanam
Adhyatma Ramayana
Ananda Ramayana
Bhaṭṭikāvya
Hikayat Seri Rama
Jagamohana Ramayana
Kakawin Ramayana
Kamba Ramayanam
Krittivasi Ramayana
Maharadia Lawana
Phra Lak Phra Ram
Raghunatha Ramayana
Ramakien
Ramcharitmanas
Ranganatha Ramayanamu
Reamker
Saptakanda Ramayana
Sri Ramayana Darshanam
Sri Ramayanamu
Vilanka Ramayana
Yama Zatdaw
Related
Ramlila
{ { Films based on the Ramayana }}
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithila_ (proposed_Indian_state)&oldid=1003305546 "
Categories: Locations in Hindu mythology
Mithila
Ancient Indian cities
Historical Indian regions
Proposed states and union territories of India
Places in the Ramayana
Former capital cities in India
Hidden categories: CS1 maint: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_228952092#15_258182766 | Title: Mithila (proposed Indian state) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Mithila (proposed Indian state)
Contents
History
Proposed Districts
Political support
Bharatiya Janata Party
Janata Dal (United)
See also
References
External links
Content: 22 January 2008. Retrieved 4 May 2012. External links
मिथिला संस्कृति विकास समिति (Mithila Culture Development Committee)
राष्ट्रिय मिथिला कला संस्थान (National Institute of Mithila Art)
मिथिला now
v
t
e
Historical regions of North India
Ahirwal
Awadh
Bagelkhand
Bagar
Baltistan
Bhojpur
Braj
Bundelkhand
Dardistan
Doaba
Dhundhar
Garhwal
Godwar
Hadoti
Jammu
Kashmir
Kumaon
Ladakh
Majha
Malwa (Punjab)
Marwar
Mewar
Mewat
Purvanchal
Rohilkhand
Shekhawati
Vagad
v
t
e
Proposed states and union territories of India
Proposed states
Awadh Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh)
Baghelkhand (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh)
Bhojpur (Bihar/Uttar Pradesh)
Bodoland (Assam)
Braj Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh)
Bundelkhand (Madhya Pradesh/Uttar Pradesh)
Delhi
Dimaraji (Assam/Nagaland)
Garoland (Meghalaya)
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Gorkhaland (West Bengal)
Harit Pradesh (Uttar Pradesh)
Jammu (Jammu and Kashmir)
Kamtapur (West Bengal)
Karbi Anglong (Assam)
Karu Nadu (Karnataka)
Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir)
Khandesh (Maharashtra)
Kodagu (Karnataka)
Kongu Nadu (Tamil Nadu)
Konkan (Goa/Karnataka/Maharashtra)
Kosal (Odisha)
Kutch (Gujarat)
Mahakoshal (Madhya Pradesh)
Malabar (Kerala)
Malwa (Madhya Pradesh)
Marathwada (Maharashtra)
Maru Pradesh (Rajasthan)
Mithila (Bihar)
Panun Kashmir (Jammu and Kashmir)
Purvanchal (Uttar Pradesh)
Rarhbhumi (Odisha)
Rayalaseema (Andhra Pradesh)
Saurashtra (Gujarat)
Tipraland (Tripura)
Tulu Nadu (Karnataka/Kerala)
Vidarbha (Maharashtra)
Vindhya Pradesh (Madhya Pradesh)
Proposed union territories
Karaikal (Puducherry)
Current states and union territories of India
v
t
e
Ramayana
Ikshvaku dynasty
Dasharatha
Kausalya
Sumitra
Kaikeyi
Shanta
Rama
Bharata
Lakshmana
Shatrughna
Sita
Urmila
Mandavi
Shrutakirti
Lava
Kusha
(genealogy)
Vanara
Hanuman
Sugriva
Vali
Angada
Tara
Rumā
Nala
Nila
Kesari
Anjana
Makardhwaja
Rakshasa
Ravana
Vibhishana
Kumbhakarna
Indrajit
Akshayakumara
Atikaya
Kabandha
Khara
Dushan
Mandodari
Dhanyamalini
Lavanasura
Malyavan
Maricha
Mayasura
Narantaka-Devantaka
Prahasta
Sarama
Subahu
Sulochana
Sumali
Shurpanakha
Tataka
Trijata
Trishira
Viradha
Sages
Agastya
Ahalya
Arundhati
Bharadwaja
Kambhoja
Parashurama
Vasistha
Vishvamitra
Rishyasringa
Other characters
and concepts
Lakshmana rekha
Jambavan
Janaka
Kushadhwaja
Jatayu
Manthara
Ashwapati
Sampati
Shabari
Shravan
Vedavati
Shambuka
Maya Sita
Places
Ayodhya
Mithila
Dandakaranya
Kishkindha
Lanka
Oshadhiparvata
Books/Kandas
Bala
Ayodhya
Aranya
Kishkindha
Sundara
Yuddha
Uttara
Versions
Adbhuta Ramayana
Adhyathmaramayanam
Adhyatma Ramayana
Ananda Ramayana
Bhaṭṭikāvya
Hikayat Seri Rama
Jagamohana Ramayana
Kakawin Ramayana
Kamba Ramayanam
Krittivasi Ramayana
Maharadia Lawana
Phra Lak Phra Ram
Raghunatha Ramayana
Ramakien
Ramcharitmanas
Ranganatha Ramayanamu
Reamker
Saptakanda Ramayana
Sri Ramayana Darshanam
Sri Ramayanamu
Vilanka Ramayana
Yama Zatdaw
Related
Ramlila
{ { Films based on the Ramayana }}
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mithila_ (proposed_Indian_state)&oldid=1003305546 "
Categories: Locations in Hindu mythology
Mithila
Ancient Indian cities
Historical Indian regions
Proposed states and union territories of India
Places in the Ramayana
Former capital cities in India
Hidden categories: CS1 maint: archived copy as title
Use Indian English from March 2018
All Wikipedia articles written in Indian English
Use dmy dates from December 2020
Articles with short description
Short description is different from Wikidata
Pages using infobox settlement with no coordinates
Articles needing additional references from March 2019
All articles needing additional references
Bihar articles missing geocoordinate data
All articles needing coordinates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithila,_India |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#0_268872852 | Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia
Headings: Mobile phones in prison
Mobile phones in prison
Contents
Reasons cell phones are prohibited
Methods of smuggling
Uses by prisoners
Combating mobile phones in prisons
References
External links
Content: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia
Mobile phones in prison
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
In most jurisdictions, prison inmates are forbidden from possessing mobile phones due to their ability to communicate with the outside world and other security issues. Mobile phones are one of the most smuggled items into prisons. They provide inmates the ability to make and receive unauthorized phone calls, send email and text messages, use social media, and follow news pertaining to their case, among other forbidden uses. Contents
1 Reasons cell phones are prohibited
2 Methods of smuggling
3 Uses by prisoners
4 Combating mobile phones in prisons
5 References
6 External links
Reasons cell phones are prohibited
Security concerns are often cited for why cell-phones are prohibited in prisons. Cellphones in prisons have been used to organize work stoppages for prison labor between prisons. Forced Penal labor in the United States is a common practice. Cell phones in prison are used by prisoners to communicate with family and loved ones. Prisoners can be isolated, prison phone calls can be expensive, and the prisons get profits from the phone calls. The rates are controversial. Prisons have a profit motive to ban cell phones. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#2_268876103 | Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia
Headings: Mobile phones in prison
Mobile phones in prison
Contents
Reasons cell phones are prohibited
Methods of smuggling
Uses by prisoners
Combating mobile phones in prisons
References
External links
Content: Methods of smuggling
Most mobile phones are smuggled in by prison staff, who often do not have to go through security as rigorously as visitors. Security of staff is often less intense because this would be time-consuming on the part of the staff, union prison employees are paid for this time, and it would increase the overall cost of operations. More rarely, they are smuggled in by visitors, who must undergo tougher security checks, by inmates who are permitted to leave, or by outsiders who establish contact with inmates alongside the prison fence. Once inside prison walls, the devices end up in the hands of inmates who purchase them with cash, which is also contraband in most prisons. Black market prices vary by prison, and can be up to US$1000. Uses by prisoners
While some prisoners use their mobile devices simply for harmless communication or web browsing, others use them for illegal activity. These may include gang control, taunting witnesses, planning escapes, or arrangement of other serious crimes. Prisoners may also use smart phones to gather intelligence on prison staff and to coordinate clandestine activity within the facility. Federal prosecutors charged five South Carolina prisoners with conning at least 442 service members out of a total of more than half a million dollars in November 2018. Two other South Carolina prisoners, John William Dobbins and Carl Richard Smith await trial for multiple scams operated using contraband cell phones out of Lee Correctional Institution, including one catfishing scam that ended in the suicide of army veteran Jared Johns. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#3_268878137 | Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia
Headings: Mobile phones in prison
Mobile phones in prison
Contents
Reasons cell phones are prohibited
Methods of smuggling
Uses by prisoners
Combating mobile phones in prisons
References
External links
Content: Uses by prisoners
While some prisoners use their mobile devices simply for harmless communication or web browsing, others use them for illegal activity. These may include gang control, taunting witnesses, planning escapes, or arrangement of other serious crimes. Prisoners may also use smart phones to gather intelligence on prison staff and to coordinate clandestine activity within the facility. Federal prosecutors charged five South Carolina prisoners with conning at least 442 service members out of a total of more than half a million dollars in November 2018. Two other South Carolina prisoners, John William Dobbins and Carl Richard Smith await trial for multiple scams operated using contraband cell phones out of Lee Correctional Institution, including one catfishing scam that ended in the suicide of army veteran Jared Johns. Not all inmates use mobile phones for harmful purposes. Many inmates use them to hold innocuous conversations with family and friends. In South Carolina in September 2012, an inmate using an illegal mobile phone alerted authorities about an officer being held hostage, leading to that officer's rescue. Combating mobile phones in prisons
Laws have been passed in various jurisdictions, placing penalties on inmates who possess mobile devices as well as staff who smuggle them in. Inmate penalties range from loss of privileges and behavior credits to additional sentencing. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#4_268879987 | Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia
Headings: Mobile phones in prison
Mobile phones in prison
Contents
Reasons cell phones are prohibited
Methods of smuggling
Uses by prisoners
Combating mobile phones in prisons
References
External links
Content: Not all inmates use mobile phones for harmful purposes. Many inmates use them to hold innocuous conversations with family and friends. In South Carolina in September 2012, an inmate using an illegal mobile phone alerted authorities about an officer being held hostage, leading to that officer's rescue. Combating mobile phones in prisons
Laws have been passed in various jurisdictions, placing penalties on inmates who possess mobile devices as well as staff who smuggle them in. Inmate penalties range from loss of privileges and behavior credits to additional sentencing. Staff penalties range from disciplinary action from job loss to criminal charges. Consideration has been given to using cell phone jammers inside of prison walls to render them ineffective. The practice of jamming cell phone signals is illegal in the United States. Exceptions to this law have been considered for prisons, though there is concern that a cell phone could be a guard's lifeline in a crisis, and other rescuers may need to use them for communication. Some places are using an experimental technology of managed communications that blocks the communications of inmates while continuing to allow that of others. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_238684538#5_268881622 | Title: Mobile phones in prison - Wikipedia
Headings: Mobile phones in prison
Mobile phones in prison
Contents
Reasons cell phones are prohibited
Methods of smuggling
Uses by prisoners
Combating mobile phones in prisons
References
External links
Content: Staff penalties range from disciplinary action from job loss to criminal charges. Consideration has been given to using cell phone jammers inside of prison walls to render them ineffective. The practice of jamming cell phone signals is illegal in the United States. Exceptions to this law have been considered for prisons, though there is concern that a cell phone could be a guard's lifeline in a crisis, and other rescuers may need to use them for communication. Some places are using an experimental technology of managed communications that blocks the communications of inmates while continuing to allow that of others. This Managed Access System (MAS) technology was first deployed at Mississippi State Penitentiary in 2010 by Tecore Networks. Special dogs have been used to sniff for cell phones coming into prison walls. Mobile phones have a unique scent, and these dogs have been trained to detect it. One solution would be to enable the correctional facility to automatically detect and locate contraband 2G/3G/4G and WiFi mobile devices thereby enabling the facility staff to confiscate the phone and neutralize the threat completely. An automatic 24/7 detect and locate solution such as this bypasses the weaknesses inherent to jamming (e.g., phones of facility workers can be jammed); | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mobile_phones_in_prison |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_244728361#1_275489411 | Title: Modern architecture - Wikipedia
Headings: Modern architecture
Modern architecture
Contents
Origins
Main article: Modernism
Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914)
Early American modernism (1890s–1914)
Early skyscrapers
Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931)
International Style (1920s–1970s)
Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933)
Expressionist architecture (1918–1931)
Constructivist architecture (1919–1931)
Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928)
Art Deco
American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939)
Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939)
American modernism (1919–1939)
Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators
New York World's Fair (1939)
World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945)
Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952)
Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture
Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985)
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
Philip Johnson
Eero Saarinen
Louis Kahn
I. M. Pei
Fazlur Rahman Khan
Minoru Yamasaki
Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975)
Latin America
Asia and the Pacific
Africa
Preservation
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Content: Center: Palácio do Planalto, Brasilia, by Oscar Niemeyer (1960); Fagus Factory, Germany, by Walter Gropius and Adolf Meyer (1911–1913): Bottom: Fallingwater, Pennsylvania, by Frank Lloyd Wright (1935); Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, by Jørn Utzon (1973)
Years active
1920–2000
Country
International
Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form should follow function ( functionalism ); an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament. It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II until the 1980s, when it was gradually replaced as the principal style for institutional and corporate buildings by postmodern architecture. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_244728361#2_275491970 | Title: Modern architecture - Wikipedia
Headings: Modern architecture
Modern architecture
Contents
Origins
Main article: Modernism
Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914)
Early American modernism (1890s–1914)
Early skyscrapers
Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931)
International Style (1920s–1970s)
Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933)
Expressionist architecture (1918–1931)
Constructivist architecture (1919–1931)
Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928)
Art Deco
American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939)
Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939)
American modernism (1919–1939)
Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators
New York World's Fair (1939)
World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945)
Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952)
Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture
Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985)
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
Philip Johnson
Eero Saarinen
Louis Kahn
I. M. Pei
Fazlur Rahman Khan
Minoru Yamasaki
Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975)
Latin America
Asia and the Pacific
Africa
Preservation
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Content: Sydney Opera House, Sydney, Australia, by Jørn Utzon (1973)
Years active
1920–2000
Country
International
Modern architecture, or modernist architecture, was an architectural style based upon new and innovative technologies of construction, particularly the use of glass, steel, and reinforced concrete; the idea that form should follow function ( functionalism ); an embrace of minimalism; and a rejection of ornament. It emerged in the first half of the 20th century and became dominant after World War II until the 1980s, when it was gradually replaced as the principal style for institutional and corporate buildings by postmodern architecture. Contents
1 Origins
2 Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914)
3 Early American modernism (1890s–1914)
3.1 Early skyscrapers
4 Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931)
4.1 International Style (1920s–1970s)
4.2 Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933)
4.3 Expressionist architecture (1918–1931)
4.4 Constructivist architecture (1919–1931)
4.5 Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928)
5 Art Deco
5.1 American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939)
5.2 Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939)
6 American modernism (1919–1939)
7 Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators
8 New York World's Fair (1939)
9 World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945)
10 Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952)
11 Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture
12 Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985)
12.1 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
12.2 Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
12.3 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
12.4 Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames
12.5 Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
12.6 Philip Johnson
12.7 Eero Saarinen
12.8 Louis Kahn
12.9 I. M. Pei
12.10 Fazlur Rahman Khan
12.11 Minoru Yamasaki
13 Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975)
14 Latin America
15 Asia and the Pacific
16 Africa
17 Preservation
18 See also
19 References
20 Bibliography
21 External links
Origins
Main article: Modernism
The Crystal Palace (1851) was one of the first buildings to have cast plate glass windows supported by a cast-iron frame
The first house built of reinforced concrete, designed by François Coignet (1853) in Saint-Denis near Paris
The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, by William Le Baron Jenney (1884)
The Eiffel Tower being constructed (August 1887–89)
Modern architecture emerged at the end of the 19th century from revolutions in technology, engineering and building materials, and from a desire to break away from historical architectural styles and to invent something that was purely functional and new. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_244728361#3_275496510 | Title: Modern architecture - Wikipedia
Headings: Modern architecture
Modern architecture
Contents
Origins
Main article: Modernism
Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914)
Early American modernism (1890s–1914)
Early skyscrapers
Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931)
International Style (1920s–1970s)
Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933)
Expressionist architecture (1918–1931)
Constructivist architecture (1919–1931)
Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928)
Art Deco
American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939)
Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939)
American modernism (1919–1939)
Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators
New York World's Fair (1939)
World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945)
Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952)
Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture
Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985)
Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames
Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
Philip Johnson
Eero Saarinen
Louis Kahn
I. M. Pei
Fazlur Rahman Khan
Minoru Yamasaki
Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975)
Latin America
Asia and the Pacific
Africa
Preservation
See also
References
Bibliography
External links
Content: Contents
1 Origins
2 Early modernism in Europe (1900–1914)
3 Early American modernism (1890s–1914)
3.1 Early skyscrapers
4 Rise of modernism in Europe and Russia (1918–1931)
4.1 International Style (1920s–1970s)
4.2 Bauhaus and the German Werkbund (1919–1933)
4.3 Expressionist architecture (1918–1931)
4.4 Constructivist architecture (1919–1931)
4.5 Modernism becomes a movement: CIAM (1928)
5 Art Deco
5.1 American Art Deco; the skyscraper style (1919–1939)
5.2 Streamline style and Public Works Administration (1933–1939)
6 American modernism (1919–1939)
7 Paris International Exposition of 1937 and the architecture of dictators
8 New York World's Fair (1939)
9 World War II: wartime innovation and postwar reconstruction (1939–1945)
10 Le Corbusier and the Cité Radieuse (1947–1952)
11 Team X and the 1953 International Congress of Modern Architecture
12 Postwar modernism in the United States (1945–1985)
12.1 Frank Lloyd Wright and the Guggenheim Museum
12.2 Walter Gropius and Marcel Breuer
12.3 Ludwig Mies van der Rohe
12.4 Richard Neutra and Charles & Ray Eames
12.5 Skidmore, Owings and Merrill and Wallace K. Harrison
12.6 Philip Johnson
12.7 Eero Saarinen
12.8 Louis Kahn
12.9 I. M. Pei
12.10 Fazlur Rahman Khan
12.11 Minoru Yamasaki
13 Postwar modernism in Europe (1945–1975)
14 Latin America
15 Asia and the Pacific
16 Africa
17 Preservation
18 See also
19 References
20 Bibliography
21 External links
Origins
Main article: Modernism
The Crystal Palace (1851) was one of the first buildings to have cast plate glass windows supported by a cast-iron frame
The first house built of reinforced concrete, designed by François Coignet (1853) in Saint-Denis near Paris
The Home Insurance Building in Chicago, by William Le Baron Jenney (1884)
The Eiffel Tower being constructed (August 1887–89)
Modern architecture emerged at the end of the 19th century from revolutions in technology, engineering and building materials, and from a desire to break away from historical architectural styles and to invent something that was purely functional and new. The revolution in materials came first, with the use of cast iron, drywall plate glass, and reinforced concrete, to build structures that were stronger, lighter and taller. The cast plate glass process was invented in 1848, allowing the manufacture of very large windows. The Crystal Palace by Joseph Paxton at the Great Exhibition of 1851 was an early example of iron and plate glass construction, followed in 1864 by the first glass and metal curtain wall. These developments together led to the first steel-framed skyscraper, the ten-story Home Insurance Building in Chicago, built in 1884 by William Le Baron Jenney. The iron frame construction of the Eiffel Tower, then the tallest structure in the world, captured the imagination of millions of visitors to the 1889 Paris Universal Exposition. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modern_architecture |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_250837669#0_280928354 | Title: Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram) - Wikipedia
Headings: Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)
Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)
Contents
Education and beliefs
Personal life
Death
References
External links
Content: Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram) - Wikipedia
Mohammed Yusuf (Boko Haram)
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other people with the same name, see Mohammad Yousuf. Militant Islamist leader
Mohammed Yusuf
Born
( 1970-01-29)
29 January 1970
Died
30 July 2009
(2009-07-30)
(aged 39)
Allegiance
Boko Haram
Years of service
2002–2007
Rank
Leader
Battles/wars
2009 Boko Haram uprising †
Mohammed Yusuf (29 January 1970 – 30 July 2009), also known as Ustaz Mohammed Yusuf, was a Nigerian terrorist and founder of the militant Islamist group Boko Haram in 2002. He was its spiritual leader until he was killed in the 2009 Boko Haram uprising The group's official name is Jama'atu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati wal-Jihad, which in Arabic means "People Committed to the Propagation of the Prophet's Teachings and Jihad". Born in Girgir village, in Jakusko, present-day Yobe State, Nigeria, Yusuf received a local education. Later he studied more of Islam and became a Salafi. Contents
1 Education and beliefs
2 Personal life
3 Death
4 References
5 External links
Education and beliefs
According to scholar Paul Lubeck of the University of California at Santa Cruz, as a young man Yusuf was instructed in Shiasm and erroneously associated with Salafism and the teachings of Ibn Taymiyyah. He had the equivalent of a graduate education, according to Nigerian academic Hussain Zakaria. Yusuf was never as proficient in English as was reported. He believed in strict application of Islamic law, which represented his ideal of justice according to the teachings of the Islamic prophet, Muhammad. Boko Haram hitmen would murder members of other Muslim sects like the Salafist Izala and the Sufi Tidjaniyya and Qadiriya fraternities. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammed_Yusuf_%28Boko_Haram%29 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_260724585#0_291971451 | Title: Monarchy of Ireland - Wikipedia
Headings: Monarchy of Ireland
Monarchy of Ireland
Contents
Gaelic kingdoms
Ard Rí co febressa: High Kings with opposition
High Kings of Ireland, 846–1198
Ruaidhrí, King of Ireland
Lordship of Ireland: 1198–1542
Lords of Ireland, 1177–1542
Kingdom of Ireland, 1542–1800
Re-creation of title
Union with Great Britain
Partition: Irish Free State and Northern Ireland (1922–1936)
Abdication crisis, President of Ireland and Republic of Ireland Act (1936–1949)
List of monarchs of Ireland
Monarchs of Ireland
Monarchs of the Irish Free State and Ireland
King's title, George V – George VI
Proposed Irish monarchy
References
Citations
Sources
Content: Monarchy of Ireland - Wikipedia
Monarchy of Ireland
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. Find sources: " Monarchy of Ireland" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (March 2021) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
"Queen of Ireland" redirects here. For other uses, see Queen of Ireland (disambiguation). Badge of the Kingdom of Ireland
A monarchical system of government existed in Ireland from ancient times until the early twentieth century, when it transitioned to the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland, as part of the United Kingdom, remains under a monarchical system of government. The Gaelic kingdoms of Ireland ended with the Norman invasion of Ireland (1169–1171), when the kingdom became a fief of the Holy See under the Lordship of the King of England. This lasted until the Parliament of Ireland conferred the crown of Ireland upon King Henry VIII of England during the English Reformation. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monarchy_of_Ireland |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_274499991#2_308203861 | Title: Monster Hunt - Wikipedia
Headings: Monster Hunt
Monster Hunt
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Plot
Cast
Themes
Production
Development
Filming
Post production
Music
Release
Marketing
Reception
Box office
Controversy over box office performance
Critical reception
Awards and nominations
Sequels
Notes
References
External links
Content: Cast
Bai Baihe as Huo Xiaolan
Jing Boran as Song Tianyin
Jiang Wu as Luo Gang
Elaine Jin
Wallace Chung as Ge Qianhu
Eric Tsang
Sandra Ng
Tang Wei
Yao Chen
Yan Ni
Bao Jianfeng
Wang Yuexin
Guo Xiaodong
Li Jingjing
Cindy Tian
Zhang Yuexuan
Themes
The main theme in Monster Hunt, according to Hui is acceptance (similar to the Shrek series which Hui was involved in). The message in the film is to understand and accept differences, to see the world through others' perspective and to foster more understanding between people and groups. Production
Development
Raman Hui directed film which is his first live action directorial debut
Hui had long wanted to produce a movie in China. In an interview with the South China Morning Post he said that while overseeing sequences for the Gingerbread Man character in Shrek, he daydreamed about animating a character from a Hong Kong bakery, a Pineapple Bun Man. The idea for the film began in 2005 when Hui—who was living in Hollywood at that time—approached producer Bill Kong on the possibility of making an animated movie in China. But Kong who had no experience with animated film turned the proposal down. The two, who had known each other for 20 years, met as Kong used to distribute movies for DreamWorks Animation in China. But about three years later in 2008, Kong, while visiting Hollywood, invited Hui out for drinks on Sunset Boulevard and asked him if he could make a live-action film with computer graphics for him. Hui, who hadn't done any live-action movies simply said, "Sure, I'll give it a try." Kong introduced Hui to Hong Kong writer Alan Yuen to see what they could come up with. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monster_Hunt |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_276182153#3_310207827 | Title: Mont Blanc massif - Wikipedia
Headings: Mont Blanc massif
Mont Blanc massif
Contents
Geography
Main peaks and ridges of the Mont Blanc massif
Summits
Glaciers
Geology
See also: Geology of the Alps
Minerals
Climate
Ecology
Flora
Fauna
Human history
Early history
Tourist beginnings
Modern tourism
Scientific research
Modern military history
Incidents and tragedies
Access
Mountain huts
Environmental protection
Espace Mont Blanc
Protected statuses
See also
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Content: it also marks the border between two climate regions by separating the northern and western Alps from the southern Alps. The mountains of the massif consist mostly of granite and gneiss rocks and at high altitudes the vegetation is an arctic-alpine flora. The valleys that delimit the massif were used as communication routes by the Romans until they left around the 5th century AD. The region remained of some military importance through to the mid-20th century. A peasant farming economy operated within these valleys for many centuries until the glaciers and mountains were "discovered" by the outside world in the 18th century. Word of these impressive sights began to spread, and Mont Blanc was first climbed in 1786, marking the start of the sport of mountaineering. The region is now a major tourist destination, drawing in over six million visitors per year. It provides a wide range of opportunities for outdoor recreation and activities such as sight-seeing, hiking, rock climbing, mountaineering and skiing. Around one hundred people a year die across its mountains and, occasionally, bodies have been lost and entombed in its glaciers for decades. Access into the mountains is facilitated by cable cars, mountain railways and mountain huts which offer overnight refuge to climbers and skiers. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mont_Blanc_massif |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_281807001#8_316495362 | Title: Monticello Dam - Wikipedia
Headings: Monticello Dam
Monticello Dam
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Contents
Statistics
History
Spillway
Environmental impacts
See also
References
Sources
External links
Content: However, locals strongly favored that Solano be financed and operated separately from the CVP. A Senate hearing in 1953 confirmed that Solano would be constructed as an independent project. Land purchases in the future reservoir area were made in early 1953; however, landowners were allowed to stay throughout the construction period until their property was actually flooded by rising lake levels. The inhabitants of Berryessa Valley vehemently opposed the project, as did the city of Winters (one of the would-be beneficiaries of the project) because of close social ties to the town of Monticello. Opponents of the big dam proposed that a series of smaller reservoirs be constructed to supply the water, but this was deemed uneconomical. Most of Monticello's residents moved out by summer 1956, as rising waters approached the town. After the area was vacated, crews deforested the valley and demolished the existing buildings and infrastructure. About 300 graves had to be relocated to higher ground. Photographers Dorothea Lange and Pirkle Jones documented the town and its people before the town was flooded by the dam; | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monticello_Dam |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_283022393#15_317784594 | Title: Montrose, West Virginia - Wikipedia
Headings: Montrose, West Virginia
Montrose, West Virginia
Contents
Geography
Demographics
2010 census
2000 census
References
Content: ISBN 0-89933-246-3. ^ "US Gazetteer files 2010". United States Census Bureau. Archived from the original on 2012-07-14. Retrieved 2013-01-24. ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. v
t
e
Municipalities and communities of Randolph County, West Virginia, United States
County seat: Elkins
City
Elkins
Towns
Beverly
Harman
Huttonsville
Mill Creek
Montrose
Womelsdorf (Coalton)
CDPs
Bowden
Dailey
East Dailey
Helvetia
Pickens
Valley Bend
Valley Head
Whitmer
Unincorporated
communities
Adolph
Aggregates
Alpena
Arnold Hill
Bemis
Blue Spring
Brady Gate
Bruxton
Canfield
Cassity
Cheat Bridge
Cubana
Crystal Springs
Czar
Dryfork
Elkwater
Ellamore ‡
Evenwood
Fairview (near Elkins)
Fairview (near Helvetia)
Faulkner
Fisher
Flint
Glady
Harding
Hazelwood
Horton
Jimtown
Job
Kerens
Lee Bell
Little Italy
Loda
Mabie
Mingo
Monterville
Newlonton
Norton
Orr
Pumpkintown
Read
Silica
Spangler
Sullivan
Sully
Suncrest
Tigheville
Upper Mingo
Weaver
Weese
Whyte
Wymer
Ghost
towns
Kuntzville
Lumber
Montes
Osceola
Perlytown
Footnotes
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
United States portal
v
t
e
Municipalities of West Virginia
Cities
Beckley
Benwood
Bluefield
Bridgeport
Buckhannon
Cameron
Ceredo
Charles Town
Charleston
Chester
Clarksburg
Dunbar
Elkins
Fairmont
Follansbee
Gary
Glen Dale
Grafton
Hinton
Huntington
Hurricane
Kenova
Keyser
Kingwood
Lewisburg
Logan
Madison
Mannington
Marmet
Martinsburg
McMechen
Montgomery
Morgantown
Moundsville
Mount Hope
Mullens
New Cumberland
New Martinsville
Nitro
Oak Hill
Paden City
Parkersburg
Parsons
Pennsboro
Petersburg
Philippi
Pleasant Valley
Point Pleasant
Princeton
Ranson
Ravenswood
Richwood
Ripley
Romney
Ronceverte
Salem
Shinnston
Sistersville
Smithers
South Charleston
Spencer
St. Albans
St. Marys
Stonewood
Thomas
Vienna
War
Weirton
Welch
Wellsburg
Weston
Westover
Wheeling
White Sulphur Springs
Williamson
Williamstown
Towns
Addison (Webster Springs)
Albright
Alderson
Anawalt
Anmoore
Ansted
Athens
Auburn
Bancroft
Barrackville
Belmont
Bath (Berkeley Springs)
Bayard
Belington
Belle
Bethany
Beverly
Blacksville
Bolivar
Bradshaw
Bramwell
Brandonville
Bruceton Mills
Buffalo
Burnsville
Cairo
Camden-on-Gauley
Capon Bridge
Carpendale
Cedar Grove
Chapmanville
Chesapeake
Clay
Clendenin
Cowen
Danville
Davis
Davy
Delbarton
Durbin
East Bank
Eleanor
Elizabeth
Elk Garden
Ellenboro
Fairview
Falling Spring
Farmington
Fayetteville
Flatwoods
Flemington
Fort Gay
Franklin
Friendly
Gassaway
Gauley Bridge
Gilbert
Glasgow
Glenville
Grant Town
Grantsville
Granville
Hambleton
Hamlin
Handley
Harman
Harpers Ferry
Harrisville
Hartford City
Hedgesville
Henderson
Hendricks
Hillsboro
Hundred
Huttonsville
Iaeger
Jane Lew
Junior
Kermit
Kimball
Leon
Lester
Lost Creek
Lumberport
Mabscott
Man
Marlinton
Mason
Masontown
Matewan
Matoaka
Meadow Bridge
Middlebourne
Mill Creek
Milton
Mitchell Heights
Monongah
Montrose
Moorefield
New Haven
Newburg
North Hills
Northfork
Nutter Fort
Oakvale
Oceana
Paw Paw
Pax
Peterstown
Piedmont
Pine Grove
Pineville
Poca
Pratt
Pullman
Quinwood
Rainelle
Reedsville
Reedy
Ridgeley
Rivesville
Rowlesburg
Rupert
Sand Fork
Shepherdstown
Smithfield
Sophia
Star City
Summersville
Sutton
Sylvester
Terra Alta
Thurmond
Triadelphia
Tunnelton
Union
Wardensville
Wayne
West Hamlin
West Liberty
West Logan
West Milford
West Union
White Hall
Whitesville
Winfield
Womelsdorf (Coalton)
Worthington
Villages
Barboursville
Beech Bottom
Bethlehem
Clearview
Valley Grove
Windsor Heights
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montrose,_West_Virginia&oldid=996904539 "
Categories: | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose,_West_Virginia |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_283022393#16_317788892 | Title: Montrose, West Virginia - Wikipedia
Headings: Montrose, West Virginia
Montrose, West Virginia
Contents
Geography
Demographics
2010 census
2000 census
References
Content: ^ "Census of Population and Housing". Census.gov. Retrieved June 4, 2015. v
t
e
Municipalities and communities of Randolph County, West Virginia, United States
County seat: Elkins
City
Elkins
Towns
Beverly
Harman
Huttonsville
Mill Creek
Montrose
Womelsdorf (Coalton)
CDPs
Bowden
Dailey
East Dailey
Helvetia
Pickens
Valley Bend
Valley Head
Whitmer
Unincorporated
communities
Adolph
Aggregates
Alpena
Arnold Hill
Bemis
Blue Spring
Brady Gate
Bruxton
Canfield
Cassity
Cheat Bridge
Cubana
Crystal Springs
Czar
Dryfork
Elkwater
Ellamore ‡
Evenwood
Fairview (near Elkins)
Fairview (near Helvetia)
Faulkner
Fisher
Flint
Glady
Harding
Hazelwood
Horton
Jimtown
Job
Kerens
Lee Bell
Little Italy
Loda
Mabie
Mingo
Monterville
Newlonton
Norton
Orr
Pumpkintown
Read
Silica
Spangler
Sullivan
Sully
Suncrest
Tigheville
Upper Mingo
Weaver
Weese
Whyte
Wymer
Ghost
towns
Kuntzville
Lumber
Montes
Osceola
Perlytown
Footnotes
‡This populated place also has portions in an adjacent county or counties
United States portal
v
t
e
Municipalities of West Virginia
Cities
Beckley
Benwood
Bluefield
Bridgeport
Buckhannon
Cameron
Ceredo
Charles Town
Charleston
Chester
Clarksburg
Dunbar
Elkins
Fairmont
Follansbee
Gary
Glen Dale
Grafton
Hinton
Huntington
Hurricane
Kenova
Keyser
Kingwood
Lewisburg
Logan
Madison
Mannington
Marmet
Martinsburg
McMechen
Montgomery
Morgantown
Moundsville
Mount Hope
Mullens
New Cumberland
New Martinsville
Nitro
Oak Hill
Paden City
Parkersburg
Parsons
Pennsboro
Petersburg
Philippi
Pleasant Valley
Point Pleasant
Princeton
Ranson
Ravenswood
Richwood
Ripley
Romney
Ronceverte
Salem
Shinnston
Sistersville
Smithers
South Charleston
Spencer
St. Albans
St. Marys
Stonewood
Thomas
Vienna
War
Weirton
Welch
Wellsburg
Weston
Westover
Wheeling
White Sulphur Springs
Williamson
Williamstown
Towns
Addison (Webster Springs)
Albright
Alderson
Anawalt
Anmoore
Ansted
Athens
Auburn
Bancroft
Barrackville
Belmont
Bath (Berkeley Springs)
Bayard
Belington
Belle
Bethany
Beverly
Blacksville
Bolivar
Bradshaw
Bramwell
Brandonville
Bruceton Mills
Buffalo
Burnsville
Cairo
Camden-on-Gauley
Capon Bridge
Carpendale
Cedar Grove
Chapmanville
Chesapeake
Clay
Clendenin
Cowen
Danville
Davis
Davy
Delbarton
Durbin
East Bank
Eleanor
Elizabeth
Elk Garden
Ellenboro
Fairview
Falling Spring
Farmington
Fayetteville
Flatwoods
Flemington
Fort Gay
Franklin
Friendly
Gassaway
Gauley Bridge
Gilbert
Glasgow
Glenville
Grant Town
Grantsville
Granville
Hambleton
Hamlin
Handley
Harman
Harpers Ferry
Harrisville
Hartford City
Hedgesville
Henderson
Hendricks
Hillsboro
Hundred
Huttonsville
Iaeger
Jane Lew
Junior
Kermit
Kimball
Leon
Lester
Lost Creek
Lumberport
Mabscott
Man
Marlinton
Mason
Masontown
Matewan
Matoaka
Meadow Bridge
Middlebourne
Mill Creek
Milton
Mitchell Heights
Monongah
Montrose
Moorefield
New Haven
Newburg
North Hills
Northfork
Nutter Fort
Oakvale
Oceana
Paw Paw
Pax
Peterstown
Piedmont
Pine Grove
Pineville
Poca
Pratt
Pullman
Quinwood
Rainelle
Reedsville
Reedy
Ridgeley
Rivesville
Rowlesburg
Rupert
Sand Fork
Shepherdstown
Smithfield
Sophia
Star City
Summersville
Sutton
Sylvester
Terra Alta
Thurmond
Triadelphia
Tunnelton
Union
Wardensville
Wayne
West Hamlin
West Liberty
West Logan
West Milford
West Union
White Hall
Whitesville
Winfield
Womelsdorf (Coalton)
Worthington
Villages
Barboursville
Beech Bottom
Bethlehem
Clearview
Valley Grove
Windsor Heights
Retrieved from " https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Montrose,_West_Virginia&oldid=996904539 "
Categories: Towns in Randolph County, West Virginia
Towns in West Virginia
Hidden categories: Articles with short description
Short description matches Wikidata
Coordinates on Wikidata
AC with 0 elements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montrose,_West_Virginia |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_284702740#11_319577529 | Title:
Headings:
Content: PMID 16841633. ^ abTakwoingi, Yemisi; Riley, Richard D.; Deeks, Jonathan J. (November 2015). " Meta-analysis of diagnostic accuracy studies in mental health". Evidence-Based Mental Health. 18(4): 103–109. doi:10.1136/eb-2015-102228. ISSN 1468-960X. PMC 4680179. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mood_Disorders_Questionnaire |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_285931879#22_321279078 | Title: Watermelon - Wikipedia
Headings: Watermelon
Watermelon
Contents
Description
Taxonomy
History
Cultivation
Cultivar groups
Citroides group
Lanatus group
Vulgaris group
Varieties
Variety improvement
Production
Food and beverage
Nutrients
Gallery
See also
References
External links
Content: Seedless watermelons were initially developed in 1939 by Japanese scientists who were able to create seedless triploid hybrids which remained rare initially because they did not have sufficient disease resistance. Seedless watermelons became more popular in the 21st century, rising to nearly 85% of total watermelon sales in the United States in 2014. Cultivation
Watermelons are plants grown in climates from tropical to temperate, needing temperatures higher than about 25 °C (77 °F) to thrive. On a garden scale, seeds are usually sown in pots under cover and transplanted into well-drained sandy loam with a pH between 5.5 and 7, and medium levels of nitrogen. Major pests of the watermelon include aphids, fruit flies, and root-knot nematodes. In conditions of high humidity, the plants are prone to plant diseases such as powdery mildew and mosaic virus. Some varieties often grown in Japan and other parts of the Far East are susceptible to fusarium wilt. Grafting such varieties onto disease-resistant rootstocks offers protection. Seedless watermelon
The US Department of Agriculture recommends using at least one beehive per acre (4, | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moon_and_Stars |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#0_325534305 | Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral agency
Moral agency
Contents
Development and analysis
Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood
Artificial moral agents
See also
Notes
References
External links
Content: Moral agency - Wikipedia
Moral agency
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
Jump to navigation Jump to search
For other senses of the word "agency", see Agency (disambiguation) and Free agency (disambiguation). This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. ( Learn how and when to remove these template messages)
This article relies largely or entirely on a single source. Relevant discussion may be found on the talk page. Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: " Moral agency" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR
(November 2012)
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (November 2012)
( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Moral agency is an individual's ability to make moral judgments based on some notion of right and wrong and to be held accountable for these actions. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#1_325535875 | Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral agency
Moral agency
Contents
Development and analysis
Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood
Artificial moral agents
See also
Notes
References
External links
Content: Please help improve this article by introducing citations to additional sources. Find sources: " Moral agency" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR
(November 2012)
The examples and perspective in this article may not represent a worldwide view of the subject. You may improve this article, discuss the issue on the talk page, or create a new article, as appropriate. (November 2012)
( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
( Learn how and when to remove this template message)
Moral agency is an individual's ability to make moral judgments based on some notion of right and wrong and to be held accountable for these actions. A moral agent is "a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong." Contents
1 Development and analysis
2 Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood
3 Artificial moral agents
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Development and analysis
Most philosophers suggest only rational beings, who can reason and form self-interested judgments, are capable of being moral agents. Some suggest those with limited rationality (for example, people who are mildly mentally disabled or infants) also have some basic moral capabilities. Determinists argue all of our actions are the product of antecedent causes, and some believe this is incompatible with free will and thus claim that we have no real control over our actions. Immanuel Kant argued that whether or not our real self, the noumenal self, can choose, we have no choice but to believe that we choose freely when we make a choice. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#2_325537893 | Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral agency
Moral agency
Contents
Development and analysis
Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood
Artificial moral agents
See also
Notes
References
External links
Content: A moral agent is "a being who is capable of acting with reference to right and wrong." Contents
1 Development and analysis
2 Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood
3 Artificial moral agents
4 See also
5 Notes
6 References
7 External links
Development and analysis
Most philosophers suggest only rational beings, who can reason and form self-interested judgments, are capable of being moral agents. Some suggest those with limited rationality (for example, people who are mildly mentally disabled or infants) also have some basic moral capabilities. Determinists argue all of our actions are the product of antecedent causes, and some believe this is incompatible with free will and thus claim that we have no real control over our actions. Immanuel Kant argued that whether or not our real self, the noumenal self, can choose, we have no choice but to believe that we choose freely when we make a choice. This does not mean that we can control the effects of our actions. Some Indeterminists would argue we have no free will either. If, with respect to human behaviour, a so-called 'cause' results in an indeterminate number of possible, so-called 'effects', that does not mean the person had the free-thinking independent will to choose that 'effect'. More likely, it was the indeterminate consequence of his chance genetics, chance experiences and chance circumstances relevant at the time of the 'cause'. In Kant's philosophy, this calls for an act of faith, the faith free agent is based on something a priori, yet to be known, or immaterial. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#3_325539870 | Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral agency
Moral agency
Contents
Development and analysis
Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood
Artificial moral agents
See also
Notes
References
External links
Content: This does not mean that we can control the effects of our actions. Some Indeterminists would argue we have no free will either. If, with respect to human behaviour, a so-called 'cause' results in an indeterminate number of possible, so-called 'effects', that does not mean the person had the free-thinking independent will to choose that 'effect'. More likely, it was the indeterminate consequence of his chance genetics, chance experiences and chance circumstances relevant at the time of the 'cause'. In Kant's philosophy, this calls for an act of faith, the faith free agent is based on something a priori, yet to be known, or immaterial. Otherwise, without free agent's a priori fundamental source, socially essential concepts created from human mind, such as justice, would be undermined (responsibility implies freedom of choice) and, in short, civilization and human values would crumble. It is useful to compare the idea of moral agency with the legal doctrine of mens rea, which means guilty mind, and states that a person is legally responsible for what he does as long as he should know what he is doing, and his choices are deliberate. Some theorists discard any attempts to evaluate mental states and, instead, adopt the doctrine of strict liability, whereby one is liable under the law without regard to capacity, and that the only thing is to determine the degree of punishment, if any. Moral determinists would most likely adopt a similar point of view. Psychologist Albert Bandura has observed that moral agents engage in selective moral disengagement in regards to their own inhumane conduct. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289380560#4_325541884 | Title: Moral agency - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral agency
Moral agency
Contents
Development and analysis
Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood
Artificial moral agents
See also
Notes
References
External links
Content: Otherwise, without free agent's a priori fundamental source, socially essential concepts created from human mind, such as justice, would be undermined (responsibility implies freedom of choice) and, in short, civilization and human values would crumble. It is useful to compare the idea of moral agency with the legal doctrine of mens rea, which means guilty mind, and states that a person is legally responsible for what he does as long as he should know what he is doing, and his choices are deliberate. Some theorists discard any attempts to evaluate mental states and, instead, adopt the doctrine of strict liability, whereby one is liable under the law without regard to capacity, and that the only thing is to determine the degree of punishment, if any. Moral determinists would most likely adopt a similar point of view. Psychologist Albert Bandura has observed that moral agents engage in selective moral disengagement in regards to their own inhumane conduct. Distinction between moral agency and moral patienthood
Philosophers distinguish between moral agents, entities whose actions are eligible for moral consideration and moral patients, entities that themselves are eligible for moral consideration. Many philosophers, such as Kant, view morality as a transaction among rational parties, i.e., among moral agents. For this reason, they would exclude other animals from moral consideration. Others, such as Utilitarian philosophers like Jeremy Bentham and Peter Singer have argued the key to inclusion in the moral community is not rationality — for if it were, we might have to exclude some disabled people and infants, and might also have to distinguish between the degrees of rationality of healthy adults — but the real object of moral action is the avoidance of suffering. This is the argument from marginal cases . | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_agency |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289465965#0_325639594 | Title: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral disengagement
Moral disengagement
Contents
Mechanisms
Moral justification
Euphemistic labelling
Advantageous comparison
Displacement of responsibility
Diffusion of responsibility
Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences
Dehumanization
Antecedents
Individual differences
Interplay of personal and social sanctions
Consequences
Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior
Military conduct
Aggression
Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities
See also
References
External links
Content: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia
Moral disengagement
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Moral disengagement is a term from social psychology for the process of convincing the self that ethical standards do not apply to oneself in a particular context. This is done by separating moral reactions from inhumane conduct and disabling the mechanism of self-condemnation. Thus, moral disengagement involves a process of cognitive re-construing or re-framing of destructive behavior as being morally acceptable without changing the behavior or the moral standards. In social cognitive theory of morality, self-regulatory mechanisms embedded in moral standards and self-sanctions translate moral reasoning into actions, and, as a result, moral agency is exerted. Thus, the moral self is situated in a broader, socio-cognitive self-theory consisting of self-organizing, proactive, self-reflective, and self-regulative mechanisms. Three major sub-functions are operating in this self-regulatory system in which moral agency is grounded. The first sub-function is self-monitoring of one's conduct, which is the initial step of taking control over it. " Action gives rise to self-reactions through a judgmental function in which conduct is evaluated against internal standards and situational circumstances". Thus, moral judgments evoke self-reactive influence. The self-reactive and judgmental mechanisms constitute the second and third sub-function. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289465965#1_325641848 | Title: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral disengagement
Moral disengagement
Contents
Mechanisms
Moral justification
Euphemistic labelling
Advantageous comparison
Displacement of responsibility
Diffusion of responsibility
Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences
Dehumanization
Antecedents
Individual differences
Interplay of personal and social sanctions
Consequences
Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior
Military conduct
Aggression
Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities
See also
References
External links
Content: Three major sub-functions are operating in this self-regulatory system in which moral agency is grounded. The first sub-function is self-monitoring of one's conduct, which is the initial step of taking control over it. " Action gives rise to self-reactions through a judgmental function in which conduct is evaluated against internal standards and situational circumstances". Thus, moral judgments evoke self-reactive influence. The self-reactive and judgmental mechanisms constitute the second and third sub-function. Generally, moral standards are adopted to serve as guides for good behavior and as deterrents for bad conduct. Once internalized control has developed, people regulate their actions by the standards they apply to themselves and this give them self-satisfaction and a sense of self-worth. Individuals refrain from behaving in ways that violate their moral standards in order to avoid self-condemnation. Therefore, self-sanctions play a significant role in keeping conduct in line with these internal moral standards and hence also in regulating inhumane conduct. However, moral standards only function as fixed internal regulators of conduct when self-regulatory mechanisms have been activated. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289465965#2_325643836 | Title: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral disengagement
Moral disengagement
Contents
Mechanisms
Moral justification
Euphemistic labelling
Advantageous comparison
Displacement of responsibility
Diffusion of responsibility
Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences
Dehumanization
Antecedents
Individual differences
Interplay of personal and social sanctions
Consequences
Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior
Military conduct
Aggression
Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities
See also
References
External links
Content: Generally, moral standards are adopted to serve as guides for good behavior and as deterrents for bad conduct. Once internalized control has developed, people regulate their actions by the standards they apply to themselves and this give them self-satisfaction and a sense of self-worth. Individuals refrain from behaving in ways that violate their moral standards in order to avoid self-condemnation. Therefore, self-sanctions play a significant role in keeping conduct in line with these internal moral standards and hence also in regulating inhumane conduct. However, moral standards only function as fixed internal regulators of conduct when self-regulatory mechanisms have been activated. Many different social and psychological processes prevent the activation of self-sanction. Selective activation of self-sanctions and internal moral control or disengagement allows for a wide range of behaviour, given the same moral standard. Moral disengagement functions in the perpetration of inhumanities through moral justification, euphemistic labelling, advantageous comparison, displacing or diffusing responsibility, disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences, and dehumanising the victim. Rather than operating independently, these cognitive mechanisms are interrelated within a sociostructural context to promote inhumane conduct in people's daily lives. Contents
1 Mechanisms
1.1 Moral justification
1.2 Euphemistic labelling
1.3 Advantageous comparison
1.4 Displacement of responsibility
1.5 Diffusion of responsibility
1.6 Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences
1.7 Dehumanization
2 Antecedents
2.1 Individual differences
2.2 Interplay of personal and social sanctions
3 Consequences
3.1 Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior
3.2 Military conduct
3.3 Aggression
3.4 Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Mechanisms
Moral justification
One method of disengagement is portraying inhumane behavior as though it has a moral purpose in order to make it socially acceptable. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_289465965#3_325646718 | Title: Moral disengagement - Wikipedia
Headings: Moral disengagement
Moral disengagement
Contents
Mechanisms
Moral justification
Euphemistic labelling
Advantageous comparison
Displacement of responsibility
Diffusion of responsibility
Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences
Dehumanization
Antecedents
Individual differences
Interplay of personal and social sanctions
Consequences
Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior
Military conduct
Aggression
Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities
See also
References
External links
Content: Many different social and psychological processes prevent the activation of self-sanction. Selective activation of self-sanctions and internal moral control or disengagement allows for a wide range of behaviour, given the same moral standard. Moral disengagement functions in the perpetration of inhumanities through moral justification, euphemistic labelling, advantageous comparison, displacing or diffusing responsibility, disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences, and dehumanising the victim. Rather than operating independently, these cognitive mechanisms are interrelated within a sociostructural context to promote inhumane conduct in people's daily lives. Contents
1 Mechanisms
1.1 Moral justification
1.2 Euphemistic labelling
1.3 Advantageous comparison
1.4 Displacement of responsibility
1.5 Diffusion of responsibility
1.6 Disregarding or misrepresenting injurious consequences
1.7 Dehumanization
2 Antecedents
2.1 Individual differences
2.2 Interplay of personal and social sanctions
3 Consequences
3.1 Unethical decision making and deceptive behavior
3.2 Military conduct
3.3 Aggression
3.4 Moral disengagement in routinely performed self-serving activities
4 See also
5 References
6 External links
Mechanisms
Moral justification
One method of disengagement is portraying inhumane behavior as though it has a moral purpose in order to make it socially acceptable. Moral justification is the first of a series of mechanisms suggested by Bandura that can induce people to bypass self-sanction and violate personal standards. For example, torture, in order to obtain information necessary to protect the nation's citizens, may be seen as acceptable. This form of disengagement happens before the decision to engage in a behaviour, usually people only engage in reprehensible conduct after they have justified the actions on a moral ground. Through cognitive reconstrual, wrongful behaviours can be perceived as righteous. Religious principles, nationalistic imperatives and righteous ideologies have long been used as means to justify reprehensible and destructive conducts. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moral_disengagement |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_18_310742063#1_349727356 | Title: Motivation - Wikipedia
Headings: Motivation
Motivation
Contents
Definition
Motivation and mental states
Strength of desire and action
Content theories
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Herzberg's two-factor theory
Alderfer's ERG theory
Self-Determination Theory
Behaviorist theories
Classical and operant conditioning
Incentive motivation
Motivating operations
Motivation and psychotherapy
William McDougall's purposive psychology
Drives
Cognitive dissonance theory
Types of motivation
Intrinsic and extrinsic
Intrinsic
Extrinsic
Unconscious and conscious
Unconscious
Conscious
Neuroscience
Motivational reasons and rationality
Practical applications
Applications in business
Job characteristics model
Employee recognition programs
Applications in education
Indigenous education and learning
Self-determination in education
Applications in game design
Applications in the military
See also
References
Further reading
Content: It is often held that different mental states compete with each other and that only the strongest state determines behavior. This means that we can be motivated to do something without actually doing it. The paradigmatic mental state providing motivation is desire. But various other states, like beliefs about what one ought to do or intentions, may also provide motivation. Various competing theories have been proposed concerning the content of motivational states. They are known as content theories and aim to describe what goals usually or always motivate people. Abraham Maslow 's hierarchy of needs and the ERG theory, for example, posit that humans have certain needs, which are responsible for motivation. Some of these needs, like for food and water, are more basic than other needs, like for respect from others. On this view, the higher needs can only provide motivation once the lower needs have been fulfilled. Behaviorist theories try to explain behavior solely in terms of the relation between the situation and external, observable behavior without explicit reference to conscious mental states. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Motivate |
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