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msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253465173#6_2536255527 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecology
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecology
Difference Between Environment and Ecology
Ecology and Environment
What is Ecology?
What is Environment?
Difference Between Environmental Biology and Ecology
Different Levels of Organisms within Ecology
Organism
Population
Community
Biosphere
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is the Importance of Ecology?
2. What is the Importance of the Environment?
Content: It covers a wider way of interactions including microscopic observations as well as up to the global scale. It includes how organisms are affected by the environment and how in turn, ecology affects it. Humans have a huge impact on many different ecosystems resulting in impact on the global environment. Different levels of organization within ecology include Organismal ecology, Population Ecology, Community ecology, Ecosystem Ecology and Biosphere Ecology. Either it is biotic or chemical components, the surrounding where living organisms live, it is called environment. How living organisms sustain in their habitat, the study is called ecology. Eco means friendly, without harming any particular nature or substance. The environmental factors include pollution, global warming, deforestation and other broader issues. The ecological factors include population size, distribution of organisms, diversity and also the competition between them. It aims to study the internal and external factors affecting the environment. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecology |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253465173#7_2536257236 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecology
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecology
Difference Between Environment and Ecology
Ecology and Environment
What is Ecology?
What is Environment?
Difference Between Environmental Biology and Ecology
Different Levels of Organisms within Ecology
Organism
Population
Community
Biosphere
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is the Importance of Ecology?
2. What is the Importance of the Environment?
Content: How living organisms sustain in their habitat, the study is called ecology. Eco means friendly, without harming any particular nature or substance. The environmental factors include pollution, global warming, deforestation and other broader issues. The ecological factors include population size, distribution of organisms, diversity and also the competition between them. It aims to study the internal and external factors affecting the environment. It aims to understand life processes, adaptation, distribution, and biodiversity. Different Levels of Organisms within Ecology
Organism
When an individual living thing which is capable of responding to stimuli, growing, reproducing and maintaining homeostasis. Example, a plant, animal or humans. Population
A population is the sum of all of the individuals of the same species living within an ecological community. Community
Community ecology, also known as synecology includes the study of the interactions between species in communities on many spatial and temporal scales. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecology |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#0_2536267140 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
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We have often heard that saving the environment is important to save our planet. The environment sustains the life of living organisms. In a broader sense, the environment is the surrounding in which living organisms live, on the other hand, the ecosystem is an organized system of organisms in which living organisms interact with the environment. Environment refers to the area where organisms live but the ecosystem is the organized community of living beings where biotic and abiotic elements are in continuous interaction with each other. The environment is everything around us, including living organisms and nonliving beings such as soil, air, water, etc. The environment helps nourish life on Earth. But, the ecosystem is a community of living beings and nonliving components interacting with each other. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#1_2536268982 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: In a broader sense, the environment is the surrounding in which living organisms live, on the other hand, the ecosystem is an organized system of organisms in which living organisms interact with the environment. Environment refers to the area where organisms live but the ecosystem is the organized community of living beings where biotic and abiotic elements are in continuous interaction with each other. The environment is everything around us, including living organisms and nonliving beings such as soil, air, water, etc. The environment helps nourish life on Earth. But, the ecosystem is a community of living beings and nonliving components interacting with each other. Environment Vs Ecosystem
Environment
Ecosystem
It is the surrounding or area where organisms exist. It is the community of organisms along with non-living components where the biotic and abiotic components are in continuous interaction with each other. It is composed of physical components. It is composed of biological or living components. A living space for the elements is provided by the environment on our planet. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#2_2536270807 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: Environment Vs Ecosystem
Environment
Ecosystem
It is the surrounding or area where organisms exist. It is the community of organisms along with non-living components where the biotic and abiotic components are in continuous interaction with each other. It is composed of physical components. It is composed of biological or living components. A living space for the elements is provided by the environment on our planet. Interaction between the living and non-living elements is provided by the ecosystem. It makes living possible on Earth, by providing necessary elements for survival. The ecosystem provides the relation between components to live. The environment is differentiated into macro and micro. The ecosystem is either aquatic, terrestrial, or others. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#3_2536272298 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: Interaction between the living and non-living elements is provided by the ecosystem. It makes living possible on Earth, by providing necessary elements for survival. The ecosystem provides the relation between components to live. The environment is differentiated into macro and micro. The ecosystem is either aquatic, terrestrial, or others. When an organism moves from one place to another, the environment changes. The ecosystem remains the same despite the movement of the organism. The environment is an area in a given time. Ecosystem comprises all the essential life processes such as photosynthesis carried out by living organisms. What is Environment
The environment is everything that surrounds us, it is the area we live in, in a given point of time. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#4_2536273785 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: When an organism moves from one place to another, the environment changes. The ecosystem remains the same despite the movement of the organism. The environment is an area in a given time. Ecosystem comprises all the essential life processes such as photosynthesis carried out by living organisms. What is Environment
The environment is everything that surrounds us, it is the area we live in, in a given point of time. It enables us to live on earth by sustaining life. It comprises all the physical, chemical, and natural forces that exist on our planet. The environment is derived from the word ‘environ’ which means surrounding in French. The biotic components of the environment are all organisms like birds, animals, human beings, reptiles, including the microorganisms like bacteria, algae, viruses, and so on. The abiotic components of the environment are soil, land, mountain, river, cloud, air, including physical components like temperature, humidity, and so on. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#5_2536275493 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: It enables us to live on earth by sustaining life. It comprises all the physical, chemical, and natural forces that exist on our planet. The environment is derived from the word ‘environ’ which means surrounding in French. The biotic components of the environment are all organisms like birds, animals, human beings, reptiles, including the microorganisms like bacteria, algae, viruses, and so on. The abiotic components of the environment are soil, land, mountain, river, cloud, air, including physical components like temperature, humidity, and so on. The environment is very crucial for good health and sustenance of life on Earth. However, over the past few years’ human activities, modernization, and industrialization have deteriorated the environmental conditions. Deforestation, air pollution, acid rain, soil erosion are the consequences of environmental imbalance that also affect the life of living organisms. It is very important to look after the environment and take measures to save it and keep it healthy. What is an Ecosystem
The ecosystem is considered as the structural and functional unit of ecology. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#9_2536281879 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem? Ans. Ecology is the branch of environmental science, that deals with the study of relationships between living organisms, including humans, and their physical environment. It aims at understanding the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them. Precisely, environmental science is a broader field that includes the study of elements of Earth and life sciences and ecology is a study focused on how organisms interact with each other and their surroundings. It is however aimed at looking into a very specific population of living things at once. On the other hand, the ecosystem is the community of interrelated organisms in continuous interaction with each other and the environment. 2. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#10_2536283429 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: It aims at understanding the vital connections between plants and animals and the world around them. Precisely, environmental science is a broader field that includes the study of elements of Earth and life sciences and ecology is a study focused on how organisms interact with each other and their surroundings. It is however aimed at looking into a very specific population of living things at once. On the other hand, the ecosystem is the community of interrelated organisms in continuous interaction with each other and the environment. 2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem? Ans. The environment is everything around us, including living organisms and nonliving beings such as soil, air, water, etc. The environment helps nourish life on Earth. But, the ecosystem is a community of living beings and nonliving components interacting with each other. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1253472657#11_2536285039 | Title: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Headings: Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Difference Between Environment and Ecosystem
Environment and Ecosystem
Environment Vs Ecosystem
What is Environment
What is an Ecosystem
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is Ecology? How is it Different from the Environment and Ecosystem?
2. What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem?
3. What are the Components of the Environment?
4. What are the Types of Ecosystems?
Content: What is the Difference Between the Environment and the Ecosystem? Ans. The environment is everything around us, including living organisms and nonliving beings such as soil, air, water, etc. The environment helps nourish life on Earth. But, the ecosystem is a community of living beings and nonliving components interacting with each other. 3. What are the Components of the Environment? Ans. Biotic and abiotic are the two components of the environment. The biotic components of the environment are all organisms like birds, animals, human beings, reptiles, including the microorganisms like bacteria, algae, viruses, and so on. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/difference-between-environment-and-ecosystem |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1254280618#8_2538763213 | Title: Heredity - Meaning, Definition and Heredity Theory
Headings:
Heredity Meaning
Heredity Definition
Mendel’s Inheritance
Fun Fact: Heredity and Evolution
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. Define the Word “Heredity”.
2. Define Heredity in Biology.
Content: The evolution of a species occurs due to the traits that they have inherited from their predecessors. It occurs over successive generations and involves the mutations in the inherited genetic sequences in an organism. (Image to be added soon)
The heredity meaning or the heredity definition is used to acknowledge the process that stretches over generations. The child can inherit traits that may not be dominant in its parents. This occurs due to the hybridization of genes as per Mendel’s proposed theory. Heredity and evolution go hand in hand as the evolution of organisms takes place due to the mutations that occur in their genes. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. Define the Word “Heredity”. The heredity meaning or the heredity definition is the passing of traits from one generation to the next by genetic mutations. It is defined as the phenomenon that transfers genetic information from a parent to their offspring. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/heredity |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1254280618#9_2538764608 | Title: Heredity - Meaning, Definition and Heredity Theory
Headings:
Heredity Meaning
Heredity Definition
Mendel’s Inheritance
Fun Fact: Heredity and Evolution
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. Define the Word “Heredity”.
2. Define Heredity in Biology.
Content: Heredity and evolution go hand in hand as the evolution of organisms takes place due to the mutations that occur in their genes. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. Define the Word “Heredity”. The heredity meaning or the heredity definition is the passing of traits from one generation to the next by genetic mutations. It is defined as the phenomenon that transfers genetic information from a parent to their offspring. Some of the heredity examples can be given as; if a child is left-handed then there is a high probability that the child’s father is left-handed as it is one of the dominant traits that can be inherited from the Father. On the other hand, it can also happen that both parents are short in height but their child is tall. This occurs when the recessive traits of both parents become dominant in the child. 2. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/heredity |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1254418995#5_2539184553 | Title: Large Intestine – Explanation, Parts, Functions and Disorder
Headings:
Digestion:
Large Intestine:
Picture of Large Intestine:
Large Intestine is Made up of Four Tissue Layer They are:
Parts of Large Intestine:
Function of Large Intestine:
Disorder of the Large Intestine:
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. Define the Large Intestine?
2. Different Parts of the Large Intestine?
3. Function of the Large Intestine in the Human Body?
Content: Large intestine is made up of three parts they are: Cecum: The cecum is the first part of the large intestine. The cecum is intraperitoneal with various folds and pockets commonly known as retrocecal peritoneal recess surrounding it. Colon: Colon is further divided into two parts, they are: Ascending Colon: It travels through the right iliac fossa, right flank, and right hypochondriac region . It ends at the right colic flexure. Descending Colon: | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/large-intestine |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1254841581#2_2540482450 | Title: Plant Life Cycle - Alternation of Generations, Stages and Important FAQs
Headings:
What is the Alternation of Generations?
Alternation of Generations – Life Cycle
Stages of Alternation of Generations
Life Cycle Events in a Flowering Plant
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
Q1. What is the Alternation of Generations?
Q2. Mention the Steps Involved in the Alternation of Generations
Q3. What Do You Mean by Sporophyte Generation?
Content: The alternation of generations depends upon the type of plant. The dominant generation is haploid and the gametophyte comprises the main plant in Bryophytes. In tracheophytes, the generation that dominates is diploid and the sporophyte has the main plant. The plants’ life cycle in one of the two generations is dominant over the other. The plants grow larger and live longer in the dominant generation whereas the plants in the non-dominant generations are small and hardly visible. On the other hand, the dominant generations are seen in the form of ferns, trees, or other plants. The dominant generation in vascular plants is the sporophyte, while in the non-vascular plants is the gametophyte. Alternation of Generations – Life Cycle
The alternation of generations include the following stages: The diploid sporophyte has a structure called a sporangium. The sporangium undergoes meiosis and forms haploid spores. | https://www.vedantu.com/biology/plant-life-cycle |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1259209297#9_2553520756 | Title: Confidence Interval - Definition, Formula, How to calculate and Solved Examples
Headings:
Confidence Interval
What is a Confidence Interval?
Confidence Interval Definition:
Confidence Interval Formula:
Confidence Interval Table:
How to Calculate Confidence Interval?
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Confidence Interval Examples:
Solution:
Fun Facts about Confidence Interval Formula:
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is a Confidence Interval? What are the Factors Affecting Confidence Intervals?
2. What is the Meaning of 95% Confidence Interval?
Content: All the hundreds of apples are therefore likely to be in the range of 86 + 1.79 and 86 - 1.79
i.e. in the range of 84.21 and 87.79
Fun Facts about Confidence Interval Formula: Confidence interval is accurate only for normal distribution of population. However, in case of large samples from other kinds of population distributions, the central limit theorem is used to determine the most accurate interval. Confidence level of 95% should never be misinterpreted that 95% of the sample population lie within the confidence interval. Confidence interval is not the estimation of the plausible values of the unknown parameter of the population. If a confidence level is determined to be 95% for a particular experiment, it is not true that the same confidence level is obtained by repeating the experiment. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is a Confidence Interval? What are the Factors Affecting Confidence Intervals? Confidence interval for an unknown parameter depends on the sampling distribution of a corresponding estimator in general. | https://www.vedantu.com/maths/confidence-interval |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1259209297#10_2553522557 | Title: Confidence Interval - Definition, Formula, How to calculate and Solved Examples
Headings:
Confidence Interval
What is a Confidence Interval?
Confidence Interval Definition:
Confidence Interval Formula:
Confidence Interval Table:
How to Calculate Confidence Interval?
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Confidence Interval Examples:
Solution:
Fun Facts about Confidence Interval Formula:
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is a Confidence Interval? What are the Factors Affecting Confidence Intervals?
2. What is the Meaning of 95% Confidence Interval?
Content: If a confidence level is determined to be 95% for a particular experiment, it is not true that the same confidence level is obtained by repeating the experiment. FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is a Confidence Interval? What are the Factors Affecting Confidence Intervals? Confidence interval for an unknown parameter depends on the sampling distribution of a corresponding estimator in general. The factors affecting the confidence interval are: The confidence level
The variability of the sample
When all the other factors are equal, the estimation of a population parameter is better for a larger sample. Higher the confidence level, broader is the confidence interval. 2. What is the Meaning of 95% Confidence Interval? | https://www.vedantu.com/maths/confidence-interval |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1259209297#11_2553524045 | Title: Confidence Interval - Definition, Formula, How to calculate and Solved Examples
Headings:
Confidence Interval
What is a Confidence Interval?
Confidence Interval Definition:
Confidence Interval Formula:
Confidence Interval Table:
How to Calculate Confidence Interval?
Step 1:
Step 2:
Step 3:
Confidence Interval Examples:
Solution:
Fun Facts about Confidence Interval Formula:
FAQ (Frequently Asked Questions)
1. What is a Confidence Interval? What are the Factors Affecting Confidence Intervals?
2. What is the Meaning of 95% Confidence Interval?
Content: The factors affecting the confidence interval are: The confidence level
The variability of the sample
When all the other factors are equal, the estimation of a population parameter is better for a larger sample. Higher the confidence level, broader is the confidence interval. 2. What is the Meaning of 95% Confidence Interval? A range of values for which you can be 95% sure that it contains the true mean of the population is called the 95% confidence interval. Confidence interval becomes more narrow when it is calculated for a large number of samples. This is because the mean is more precise when calculated for a large number of values. However, the precision and accuracy of the ‘mean’ determined for a small range of data is not so accurate. Share this with your friends
Share | https://www.vedantu.com/maths/confidence-interval |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1347823003#2_2666716198 | Title: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store - Vend Retail Blog
Headings: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
Prevent it from happening
Have the right security tools
Provide “in-your-face” customer service
Recognize the signs
Tidy up
How to handle shoplifters
Know how the law works in your area
When to confront a shoplifter
What’s next?
Further Reading
Share your thoughts
About Francesca Nicasio
Content: If cameras aren’t in your budget, know that there are low-cost tools that can prevent shoplifting. Signage is a popular choice among merchants. Anti-theft signs by your entrance/exit or even by your dressing rooms can serve as a deterrent for would-be shoplifters. You could also install mirrors in strategic places to eliminate blind spots and track what’s going in every corner of your shop. Provide “in-your-face” customer service
Tools are great, but they can only take you so far. To minimize shoplifting incidents, instruct your staff to greet and engage with every customer who walks through your doors. Aside from demonstrating excellent customer service, this tactic can also deter shoplifters. Often, when wrongdoers are aware that they’re being watched, they’ll be less likely to act. This is the main strategy of Jay Gurewitsch, owner at ArcadiaNYC for minimizing shoplifting opportunities. “ I minimize the opportunities by keeping sightlines clear and obvious so that customers know we can see them at all times,” he wrote on Quora. | https://www.vendhq.com/blog/prevent-and-deal-with-shoplifting/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1347823003#6_2666723674 | Title: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store - Vend Retail Blog
Headings: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
Prevent it from happening
Have the right security tools
Provide “in-your-face” customer service
Recognize the signs
Tidy up
How to handle shoplifters
Know how the law works in your area
When to confront a shoplifter
What’s next?
Further Reading
Share your thoughts
About Francesca Nicasio
Content: Signs of suspicious behavior include: Avoids eye contact
Looks at the staff instead of the products
Goes in and out of the store repeatedly without completing a sale
Wears bulky clothing (i.e. jackets or coats) when unnecessary
Enters with a large group
Tidy up
A disorganized store makes it easy for shoplifters to steal while making it harder for you to spot if anything’s missing. This is why as basic as it sounds, you need to keep you shop tidy at all times. Set up products or fixtures in such a way that you can quickly check if anything is missing. If possible, keep products visible at all times. How to handle shoplifters
Sometimes, even the best deterrents can fail to discourage stubborn shoplifters. So, what should you do if you find yourself dealing with a shoplifter? That depends on many factors including your location, the size of your store, the price of the item they attempted to steal, etc. Situations vary from store to store, but here are some general guidelines that’ll help you navigate this unpleasant situation: Know how the law works in your area
Laws around shoplifting vary from one state to the next, so it’s best to get familiar with the laws in your area. | https://www.vendhq.com/blog/prevent-and-deal-with-shoplifting/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1347823003#7_2666725612 | Title: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store - Vend Retail Blog
Headings: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
Prevent it from happening
Have the right security tools
Provide “in-your-face” customer service
Recognize the signs
Tidy up
How to handle shoplifters
Know how the law works in your area
When to confront a shoplifter
What’s next?
Further Reading
Share your thoughts
About Francesca Nicasio
Content: How to handle shoplifters
Sometimes, even the best deterrents can fail to discourage stubborn shoplifters. So, what should you do if you find yourself dealing with a shoplifter? That depends on many factors including your location, the size of your store, the price of the item they attempted to steal, etc. Situations vary from store to store, but here are some general guidelines that’ll help you navigate this unpleasant situation: Know how the law works in your area
Laws around shoplifting vary from one state to the next, so it’s best to get familiar with the laws in your area. For instance, in some jurisdictions, merchants cannot approach a suspect until they have exited the store. Other states may have different laws. Swing by your local police station so you can talk to a law enforcement professional about what you should do if you find yourself dealing with a shoplifter. You may also want to take this opportunity to get their contact information, so you know who to call if you find a shoplifter in your store. When to confront a shoplifter
If you suspect that someone is attempting to walk away with your merchandise, here are the steps you should take to effectively confront and apprehend them. | https://www.vendhq.com/blog/prevent-and-deal-with-shoplifting/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1347823003#8_2666727565 | Title: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store - Vend Retail Blog
Headings: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
Prevent it from happening
Have the right security tools
Provide “in-your-face” customer service
Recognize the signs
Tidy up
How to handle shoplifters
Know how the law works in your area
When to confront a shoplifter
What’s next?
Further Reading
Share your thoughts
About Francesca Nicasio
Content: For instance, in some jurisdictions, merchants cannot approach a suspect until they have exited the store. Other states may have different laws. Swing by your local police station so you can talk to a law enforcement professional about what you should do if you find yourself dealing with a shoplifter. You may also want to take this opportunity to get their contact information, so you know who to call if you find a shoplifter in your store. When to confront a shoplifter
If you suspect that someone is attempting to walk away with your merchandise, here are the steps you should take to effectively confront and apprehend them. 1. Establish shoplifting probable cause – You must first have probable cause if you plan to detain a person suspected of shoplifting. This means you or your staff must have witnessed the person take your merchandise and attempt to leave the store without paying for them. 2. Confront them – If you decide to confront the suspected shoplifter, approach them when they have exited the premises. | https://www.vendhq.com/blog/prevent-and-deal-with-shoplifting/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1347823003#11_2666732613 | Title: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store - Vend Retail Blog
Headings: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
Prevent it from happening
Have the right security tools
Provide “in-your-face” customer service
Recognize the signs
Tidy up
How to handle shoplifters
Know how the law works in your area
When to confront a shoplifter
What’s next?
Further Reading
Share your thoughts
About Francesca Nicasio
Content: Always have a form of ID to show the suspect. If you have loss prevention personnel who aren’t in uniform, see to it that they have their badge or ID handy. “The presentation of credentials should occur simultaneously with the words “I’m with ACME Stores, and I would like to talk with you about the ‘two bottles of ACME wine’ in your bag,” adds McGoey. From there, aim to retrieve the merchandise before going back into the store so you can confirm the theft before detaining the shoplifter. 3. Escort them back into your store – Take the shoplifter back into your store. You may want to have more than one escort to keep them from running or endangering other people in your shop. Once inside, see if there are any other items you can retrieve, then tally the costs. What’s next? The next course of action depends on your shoplifting policies. | https://www.vendhq.com/blog/prevent-and-deal-with-shoplifting/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1347823003#12_2666734229 | Title: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store - Vend Retail Blog
Headings: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
Prevent it from happening
Have the right security tools
Provide “in-your-face” customer service
Recognize the signs
Tidy up
How to handle shoplifters
Know how the law works in your area
When to confront a shoplifter
What’s next?
Further Reading
Share your thoughts
About Francesca Nicasio
Content: Escort them back into your store – Take the shoplifter back into your store. You may want to have more than one escort to keep them from running or endangering other people in your shop. Once inside, see if there are any other items you can retrieve, then tally the costs. What’s next? The next course of action depends on your shoplifting policies. Some stores choose to prosecute and involve the police. In some cases, merchants may choose to just retrieve the merchandise and ban the shoplifter from the store. Whatever you decide, be sure to communicate your policies to your staff to avoid confusion or mistakes. Further Reading
Once you’ve applied the tips above, take extra steps to keep your stock in check. Download our Inventory Management Guide to learn more about maintaining inventory accuracy and making sure you always have the right amount of merchandise at the right time. | https://www.vendhq.com/blog/prevent-and-deal-with-shoplifting/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1347823003#13_2666735860 | Title: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store - Vend Retail Blog
Headings: How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
How to Prevent and Handle Shoplifting in Your Retail Store
Prevent it from happening
Have the right security tools
Provide “in-your-face” customer service
Recognize the signs
Tidy up
How to handle shoplifters
Know how the law works in your area
When to confront a shoplifter
What’s next?
Further Reading
Share your thoughts
About Francesca Nicasio
Content: Some stores choose to prosecute and involve the police. In some cases, merchants may choose to just retrieve the merchandise and ban the shoplifter from the store. Whatever you decide, be sure to communicate your policies to your staff to avoid confusion or mistakes. Further Reading
Once you’ve applied the tips above, take extra steps to keep your stock in check. Download our Inventory Management Guide to learn more about maintaining inventory accuracy and making sure you always have the right amount of merchandise at the right time. Set up your products and inventory system correctly
Get the right people and processes in place so you can stay on top of stock
Figure out which of issues are causing shrink in your business so you can prevent them
Learn More
Share your thoughts
Have you ever encountered a shoplifter in your store? How did you handle the situation? About Francesca Nicasio
Francesca Nicasio is Vend's Retail Expert and Content Strategist. She writes about trends, tips, and other cool things that enable retailers to increase sales, serve customers better, and be more awesome overall. She's also the author of Retail Survival of the Fittest, a free eBook to help retailers future-proof their stores. | https://www.vendhq.com/blog/prevent-and-deal-with-shoplifting/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1347845854#19_2666820727 | Title: How to Prevent and Handle Robberies and Theft in Retail - Vend Retail Blog
Headings: How to Prevent and Handle Robberies and Theft in Retail
How to Prevent and Handle Robberies and Theft in Retail
1. Armed robberies
Know when, why, and how robberies take place
Practice safe cash handling
Improve visibility
What to do in the event of an armed robbery
2. Flash mobs
Work with law enforcement to monitor suspicious behavior
Responding to flash mobs
3. Shoplifting
Know the signs
Acknowledge each customer who walks in
When you spot someone shoplifting…
Further reading
Final words
About Francesca Nicasio
Content: “It allows the customer to ask any questions they have, and from the loss prevention perspective, it tells them we know they have it in their hands.” When you spot someone shoplifting…
The right procedure for handling shoplifters may vary depending on the laws in your area, as well as the type of the store you have and where you’re located. That said, if you decide to confront a shoplifter, here are some best practices: 1. Establish shoplifting probable cause – You must first have probable cause if you plan to detain a person suspected of shoplifting. This means you or your staff must have witnessed the person take your merchandise and attempt to leave the store without paying for them. 2. Confront them – If you decide to confront the suspected shoplifter, approach them when they have exited the premises. According to security expert Chris E McGoey, it’s best to have additional personnel with you when you approach the shoplifter. “A good rule is to outnumber the suspected shoplifter by a least one. | https://www.vendhq.com/blog/prevent-handle-robberies-theft-retail/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1354420070#5_2681131820 | Title: Puppy Shots- Which Shots Does Your Puppy Need- Vaccination Schedules
Headings: How Much Do Puppy Shots Cost At PetSmart?
How Much Do Puppy Shots Cost At PetSmart?
Cost of puppy shots
What is included in shots?
Puppy’s First Shots
When To Vaccinate?
Vaccination Schedule
DHLPPC
Bordetella
Rabies
Giardia
Lyme
Hepatitis in Dogs
Content: Vaccines can also show their effect if the puppy is being weaned. Your vet may advise you on the immunizations which are great for your dog, this depends upon certain factors including where you are staying and how many more pets you have. Vaccination Schedule
Puppies get most of the vaccinations every two to four weeks for at least 14 weeks old. Some vaccinations are a combination, such as DHLPPC which helps protect against leptospirosis, parvo, corona, hepatitis, distemper, and parainfluenza. You can check this chart, it will help you to keep track of when your puppy needs which shots: DHLPPC
First vaccination: 6 to 8 weeks
Second vaccination: 9 to 11 weeks
Third vaccination: 12 to 14 weeks
Fourth vaccination: 16 to 17 weeks
Booster shots: | https://www.vequill.com/puppy-shots/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1358215369#3_2688747810 | Title: 9 ways companies around the world are empowering female employees - Verdict
Headings: 9 ways companies around the world are empowering female employees
9 ways companies around the world are empowering female employees
Sky
Accenture
Vodafone
ADP
Ceridian
General Electric
Google
Johnson & Johnson
Pinterest
The challenges ahead:
Content: Sky
European broadcaster Sky has all sorts of initiatives aimed at increasing diversity in its workforce. In terms of women’s initiatives at Sky, there are two really noteworthy projects from the company. Firstly, there’s the Women In Technology Scholars grant where Sky will donate £25,000 to three women who present unique ideas on how technology can be used in the media and entertainment space. The idea is for the grant money to bring the project to life. Secondly, and more importantly, there’s the Women in Leadership programme. This is a tailored programmes that provides female leaders with a sponsor who advocates for them around the business, and helps them to identify opportunities for further development. Accenture
Among other initiatives, one of the most important things that consultancy firm Accenture does is publish its workforce demographics and hiring reports. This transparency allows anyone to view how the company is doing in terms of gender equalities. Metrics that Accenture measures include percentage of new female hires, percentage of female global workforce, and percentage of female newly promoted managing directors. It also empowers women with in-demand skillsets with specific sponsorship programmes and fast-track the careers of the highest performing women. | https://www.verdict.co.uk/9-ways-companies-around-the-world-women-empowerment/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1358215369#4_2688749683 | Title: 9 ways companies around the world are empowering female employees - Verdict
Headings: 9 ways companies around the world are empowering female employees
9 ways companies around the world are empowering female employees
Sky
Accenture
Vodafone
ADP
Ceridian
General Electric
Google
Johnson & Johnson
Pinterest
The challenges ahead:
Content: This is a tailored programmes that provides female leaders with a sponsor who advocates for them around the business, and helps them to identify opportunities for further development. Accenture
Among other initiatives, one of the most important things that consultancy firm Accenture does is publish its workforce demographics and hiring reports. This transparency allows anyone to view how the company is doing in terms of gender equalities. Metrics that Accenture measures include percentage of new female hires, percentage of female global workforce, and percentage of female newly promoted managing directors. It also empowers women with in-demand skillsets with specific sponsorship programmes and fast-track the careers of the highest performing women. Vodafone
Setting itself the challenging task of being the world’s best employer for women by 2025, Vodafone has many projects aimed at increasing the gender diversity of its workforce. One of the most significant is its ReConnect project. This is a talent programme aimed to encourage women who’ve taken career breaks to come back to work. It helps those women make professional connections and find opportunities. The programme operates in 26 countries and hopes to bring 1,000 women back into the workforce in three years. | https://www.verdict.co.uk/9-ways-companies-around-the-world-women-empowerment/ |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1390323901#7_2760302110 | Title: Which Mental Health Conditions Were Axis I Disorders?
Headings: Which Mental Health Conditions Were Axis I Disorders?
Which Mental Health Conditions Were Axis I Disorders?
Changes From DSM-IV to DSM-5
Examples of Axis Disorders
PTSD and Anxiety Disorders
Seeking Help for PTSD
Content: Thanks for your feedback! Learn the best ways to manage stress and negativity in your life. Sign Up
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Article Sources
Verywell Mind uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Staff AP. | https://www.verywell.com/axis-i-disorders-2797271 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1390385282#1_2760412934 | Title: Vitamin B Complex: Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage
Headings: The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex
The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex
Health Benefits
Converts Food Into Energy
Supports Brain Health
Produces Red Blood Cells
Promotes Nervous System Health
Supports Hormone Production
B vitamins involved: B3, B5, B6
May Reduce Stress
May Prevent Migraines
B vitamins involved: B2, B6, B9, B12
Dosage
Possible Side Effects
What to Look For
Dietary Sources of B Vitamins
A Word From Verywell
Content: B1 (thiamin), B2 ( riboflavin ), B3 ( niacin ), B5 ( pantothenic acid ), B6 ( pyridoxine ), B7 ( biotin ), B9 ( folate ), and B12 ( cobalamin ). Found naturally in meat, leafy greens, dairy, beans, peas, and whole or fortified grains, B complex vitamins are water-soluble and play an essential role in certain bodily functions including helping your body make energy from the food you eat and forming red blood cells. Verywell / Joshua Seong
Health Benefits
Each of the eight vitamins in vitamin B complex supplements comes with its own unique set of health benefits. For instance, vitamin B1 is critical for the growth, development, and function of cells in the body. Other vitamins, such as B2, work cooperatively in the body with other B vitamins to convert food into energy. B2 converts B6 into a usable form and aids in niacin production. 1
Vitamin B5 breaks down fats and carbohydrates for energy and helps the body use other vitamins, such as riboflavin (found in B2). B6 is involved in immune function and needed by the body to use and store protein and carbohydrates from food in the form of glycogen. 2
B7 also helps the body convert the fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the food you eat into energy. It is needed to make fatty acids and also maintains bone and hair health. | https://www.verywell.com/b-complex-vitamins-89411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1390385282#2_2760414930 | Title: Vitamin B Complex: Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage
Headings: The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex
The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex
Health Benefits
Converts Food Into Energy
Supports Brain Health
Produces Red Blood Cells
Promotes Nervous System Health
Supports Hormone Production
B vitamins involved: B3, B5, B6
May Reduce Stress
May Prevent Migraines
B vitamins involved: B2, B6, B9, B12
Dosage
Possible Side Effects
What to Look For
Dietary Sources of B Vitamins
A Word From Verywell
Content: B2 converts B6 into a usable form and aids in niacin production. 1
Vitamin B5 breaks down fats and carbohydrates for energy and helps the body use other vitamins, such as riboflavin (found in B2). B6 is involved in immune function and needed by the body to use and store protein and carbohydrates from food in the form of glycogen. 2
B7 also helps the body convert the fats, carbohydrates, and proteins in the food you eat into energy. It is needed to make fatty acids and also maintains bone and hair health. Vitamin B9 is required to help cells produce and maintain DNA (the genetic material found in all body cells), while B12 is important for protein metabolism. 3 4
Not everyone requires vitamin B supplementation. Depending on your individual needs and recommendations from your doctor, you may be advised to take a specific B vitamin supplement alone over a B-complex supplement. Converts Food Into Energy
Most of the B vitamins are involved in the process of converting food into energy. Some help metabolize carbohydrates, while others break down fat 5 and/or protein. | https://www.verywell.com/b-complex-vitamins-89411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1390385282#3_2760416716 | Title: Vitamin B Complex: Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage
Headings: The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex
The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex
Health Benefits
Converts Food Into Energy
Supports Brain Health
Produces Red Blood Cells
Promotes Nervous System Health
Supports Hormone Production
B vitamins involved: B3, B5, B6
May Reduce Stress
May Prevent Migraines
B vitamins involved: B2, B6, B9, B12
Dosage
Possible Side Effects
What to Look For
Dietary Sources of B Vitamins
A Word From Verywell
Content: Vitamin B9 is required to help cells produce and maintain DNA (the genetic material found in all body cells), while B12 is important for protein metabolism. 3 4
Not everyone requires vitamin B supplementation. Depending on your individual needs and recommendations from your doctor, you may be advised to take a specific B vitamin supplement alone over a B-complex supplement. Converts Food Into Energy
Most of the B vitamins are involved in the process of converting food into energy. Some help metabolize carbohydrates, while others break down fat 5 and/or protein. 6
While this is an essential process, it is not necessarily the case that taking a B-complex supplement will make you feel more energetic. Although your body needs B vitamins to create energy from the foods you eat, the effect is different when these vitamins are consumed in the form of dietary supplements rather than food. B vitamins involved: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, and B12
Supports Brain Health
Research shows that B vitamins support just about every aspect of brain health. While all B vitamins promote healthy brain function, a 2016 review published in Nutrients indicates that vitamins B6, B9, and B12 play a particular role in homocysteine metabolism, which helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. | https://www.verywell.com/b-complex-vitamins-89411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1390385282#4_2760418718 | Title: Vitamin B Complex: Benefits, Side Effects, and Dosage
Headings: The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex
The Health Benefits of Vitamin B Complex
Health Benefits
Converts Food Into Energy
Supports Brain Health
Produces Red Blood Cells
Promotes Nervous System Health
Supports Hormone Production
B vitamins involved: B3, B5, B6
May Reduce Stress
May Prevent Migraines
B vitamins involved: B2, B6, B9, B12
Dosage
Possible Side Effects
What to Look For
Dietary Sources of B Vitamins
A Word From Verywell
Content: 6
While this is an essential process, it is not necessarily the case that taking a B-complex supplement will make you feel more energetic. Although your body needs B vitamins to create energy from the foods you eat, the effect is different when these vitamins are consumed in the form of dietary supplements rather than food. B vitamins involved: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, and B12
Supports Brain Health
Research shows that B vitamins support just about every aspect of brain health. While all B vitamins promote healthy brain function, a 2016 review published in Nutrients indicates that vitamins B6, B9, and B12 play a particular role in homocysteine metabolism, which helps reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia. 7 In particular, B12 supports healthy DNA structures, which are important during fetal development and the prevention of chronic disease and cancer. 8
Vitamin B6 supports both brain development and function, 2 while vitamin B9 reduces the risk of birth defects in the brain and spine, such as spina bifida. 3
B vitamins involved: B1, B2, B3, B5, B6, B7, B9, B12
Produces Red Blood Cells
Some B vitamins, particularly vitamin B12, play an essential role in red blood cell formation. Healthy red blood cells are needed to transport oxygen to every part of the body. | https://www.verywell.com/b-complex-vitamins-89411 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391180600#0_2762222895 | Title: Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Headings: Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Overview
Risk Factors
Signs and Symptoms
Insects That Cause Venom Allergies
Honeybees
Africanized (Killer) Honeybees
Bumblebees
Yellow Jackets
Hornets
Wasps
Prevention
Testing
Who Should be Tested
Immediate Treatment of Acute Reactions
Treatment of Future Reactions
After Allergy Shots for Bee Allergy
The Bottom Line
Content: Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Allergies
Animal & Insect Allergies
Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
By
Daniel More, MD
Daniel More, MD, is a board-certified allergist and clinical immunologist with a background in internal medicine. Learn about our editorial process
Daniel More, MD
Medically reviewed by
Medically reviewed by Corinne Savides Happel, MD on September 14, 2020
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Corinne Savides Happel, MD, is a board-certified allergist and immunologist with a focus on allergic skin disorders, asthma, and other immune disorders. Learn about our Medical Review Board
Corinne Savides Happel, MD
Updated on October 01, 2020
If you've ever been stung by a flying insect — a honeybee, hornet, wasp, yellow jacket, or fire ant — you already know how your body responds: Some people have relatively mild reactions to insect bites or stings, while others are highly allergic and have potentially life-threatening symptoms of anaphylaxis such as wheezing and swelling of the tongue and throat that make it hard to breathe. But if you've never been bitten or stung, how it might affect you may be a mystery — and not one you necessarily want to solve. Even so, it's a good idea to understand the risk factors for having an encounter with an insect, to know how to recognize the symptoms that should receive immediate medical attention, and to become familiar with the types of stinging insects so that you can avoid them as much as possible and also be able to tell your doctor if you have a run-in with one. Illustration by Cindy Chung, Verywell
Overview
Most people who are stung by a flying insect such as a honeybee, hornet, or wasp will at the very least develop a reaction at the site of the sting — typically pain, swelling, redness, and itching. But although most people are not allergic to insect stings, thousands of people go to the emergency department or seek medical care for potentially life-threatening reactions to encounters with flying insects each year. What's more, according to a 2013 report by the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI), the number of people who have allergies to insect stings is on the rise. 1
The ACAAI estimates that between 0.4% and 0.8% of children and 3% of adults have severe reactions. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-sting-allergic-reactions-83016 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391180600#1_2762225898 | Title: Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Headings: Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Overview
Risk Factors
Signs and Symptoms
Insects That Cause Venom Allergies
Honeybees
Africanized (Killer) Honeybees
Bumblebees
Yellow Jackets
Hornets
Wasps
Prevention
Testing
Who Should be Tested
Immediate Treatment of Acute Reactions
Treatment of Future Reactions
After Allergy Shots for Bee Allergy
The Bottom Line
Content: Even so, it's a good idea to understand the risk factors for having an encounter with an insect, to know how to recognize the symptoms that should receive immediate medical attention, and to become familiar with the types of stinging insects so that you can avoid them as much as possible and also be able to tell your doctor if you have a run-in with one. Illustration by Cindy Chung, Verywell
Overview
Most people who are stung by a flying insect such as a honeybee, hornet, or wasp will at the very least develop a reaction at the site of the sting — typically pain, swelling, redness, and itching. But although most people are not allergic to insect stings, thousands of people go to the emergency department or seek medical care for potentially life-threatening reactions to encounters with flying insects each year. What's more, according to a 2013 report by the American College of Allergy, Asthma & Immunology (ACAAI), the number of people who have allergies to insect stings is on the rise. 1
The ACAAI estimates that between 0.4% and 0.8% of children and 3% of adults have severe reactions. What's more, the ACAAI reports that about between 90 and 100 people die from insect sting anaphylaxis each year. 2
Risk Factors
Anyone can have a severe allergic reaction to an insect sting. Those who had a systemic reaction previously to a sting are at higher risk of a life-threatening reaction. 3
Signs and Symptoms
An anaphylactic reaction to an insect sting—meaning a severe reaction that can be life-threatening—can happen within minutes and can cause any or all of the following symptoms, usually within a matter of minutes to a couple of hours: 4
Itching over the entire body
Hives or swelling that spread from the site of the sting
Flushing (reddening of the skin)
A runny nose, sneezing, or postnasal drip
Itchy, watery eyes
Swelling of the lips, tongue, and/or throat
Shortness of breath, wheezing, and/or coughing
Stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea
Lightheadedness, increase in heart rate, low blood pressure, or passing out
A sense of panic or sense of impending doom
A metallic taste in the mouth
Insects That Cause Venom Allergies
Besides bees (including honeybees, Africanized honeybees, and bumblebees), there are other flying insects that can sting or bite and, in people who are predisposed to them, cause an allergic reaction. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-sting-allergic-reactions-83016 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391180600#2_2762229008 | Title: Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Headings: Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Overview of Bee Sting Reactions and Allergies
Overview
Risk Factors
Signs and Symptoms
Insects That Cause Venom Allergies
Honeybees
Africanized (Killer) Honeybees
Bumblebees
Yellow Jackets
Hornets
Wasps
Prevention
Testing
Who Should be Tested
Immediate Treatment of Acute Reactions
Treatment of Future Reactions
After Allergy Shots for Bee Allergy
The Bottom Line
Content: What's more, the ACAAI reports that about between 90 and 100 people die from insect sting anaphylaxis each year. 2
Risk Factors
Anyone can have a severe allergic reaction to an insect sting. Those who had a systemic reaction previously to a sting are at higher risk of a life-threatening reaction. 3
Signs and Symptoms
An anaphylactic reaction to an insect sting—meaning a severe reaction that can be life-threatening—can happen within minutes and can cause any or all of the following symptoms, usually within a matter of minutes to a couple of hours: 4
Itching over the entire body
Hives or swelling that spread from the site of the sting
Flushing (reddening of the skin)
A runny nose, sneezing, or postnasal drip
Itchy, watery eyes
Swelling of the lips, tongue, and/or throat
Shortness of breath, wheezing, and/or coughing
Stomach cramping, nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea
Lightheadedness, increase in heart rate, low blood pressure, or passing out
A sense of panic or sense of impending doom
A metallic taste in the mouth
Insects That Cause Venom Allergies
Besides bees (including honeybees, Africanized honeybees, and bumblebees), there are other flying insects that can sting or bite and, in people who are predisposed to them, cause an allergic reaction. These creatures all belong to the order Hymenoptera: yellow jackets, hornets, wasps, and fire ants. It's more important at the moment to seek medical attention for a severe allergic reaction to an insect sting than to identify which bug was responsible. But it can be helpful in general to recognize insects that can cause an anaphylactic reaction and know a bit about their habits (where they nest, for instance) so you can avoid them. 2
Honeybees
Honeybees commonly nest in tree hollows, logs or inside buildings. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-sting-allergic-reactions-83016 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#0_2762287666 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Brain & Nervous System
Multiple Sclerosis
Complementary Therapies
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
By
Julie Stachowiak, PhD
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Julie Stachowiak, PhD, is the author of the Multiple Sclerosis Manifesto, the winner of the 2009 ForeWord Book of the Year Award, Health Category. Learn about our editorial process
Julie Stachowiak, PhD
Medically reviewed by
Medically reviewed by Anita C. Chandrasekaran, MD, MPH on March 29, 2021
linkedin
Anita Chandrasekaran, MD, MPH, is board-certified in internal medicine and rheumatology and currently works as a rheumatologist at Hartford Healthcare Medical Group in Connecticut. Learn about our Medical Review Board
Anita C. Chandrasekaran, MD, MPH
on March 29, 2021
Table of Contents
View All
Table of Contents
How It Works
Treatment
Effectiveness
Risks
Bee sting therapy, also referred to as “bee venom therapy,” is pretty much just what it sounds like—getting stung by bees in a controlled setting. More specifically, bee sting therapy is a type of “apitherapy,” a term which refers to the use of bee products to treat medical conditions. Other forms of apitherapy include the use of bee pollen, propolis (a waxy substance produced by bees), raw honey, and royal jelly. 1
mrs / Getty Images
How Bee Therapy Works
It's believed that bee sting therapy works by using the patient's own body to reduce inflammation. The theory is that because the bee stings produce inflammation, the body mounts an anti-inflammatory response. Presumably, this would then work to reduce inflammation in other parts of the body, such as in the brain and spinal cord where the protective myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers is attacked by the immune system in a person with MS. 2
What Happens During Treatment
Bee sting practitioners include nurses, acupuncturists, naturopaths, and interested laypersons, including beekeepers. Although, some people just order some bees and perform the sessions themselves. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#1_2762290395 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: 1
mrs / Getty Images
How Bee Therapy Works
It's believed that bee sting therapy works by using the patient's own body to reduce inflammation. The theory is that because the bee stings produce inflammation, the body mounts an anti-inflammatory response. Presumably, this would then work to reduce inflammation in other parts of the body, such as in the brain and spinal cord where the protective myelin sheath surrounding nerve fibers is attacked by the immune system in a person with MS. 2
What Happens During Treatment
Bee sting practitioners include nurses, acupuncturists, naturopaths, and interested laypersons, including beekeepers. Although, some people just order some bees and perform the sessions themselves. Bee sting therapy can also be given by physicians—they use venom in an injectable form, administering it under the skin, rather than live bees. 2
Before the treatment begins, the therapist may inject you with a weak form of the venom to test for an allergic reaction. A bee (usually a honeybee) is held with tweezers up to a part of the body. The stinger is left in for up to 15 minutes and then removed with tweezers. Between 20 to 40 stings are done each session, and a person typically undergoes three sessions a week. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#2_2762292274 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: Bee sting therapy can also be given by physicians—they use venom in an injectable form, administering it under the skin, rather than live bees. 2
Before the treatment begins, the therapist may inject you with a weak form of the venom to test for an allergic reaction. A bee (usually a honeybee) is held with tweezers up to a part of the body. The stinger is left in for up to 15 minutes and then removed with tweezers. Between 20 to 40 stings are done each session, and a person typically undergoes three sessions a week. 1
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Bee sting therapy has been studied on a limited basis for MS. A couple of studies used bee sting therapy in mice who had experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that resembles MS in humans. The treatment not only showed no benefit, but some of the mice receiving bee stings seemed to have worsening symptoms. In addition, a study was conducted in the Netherlands among 24 people with either relapsing-remitting MS or secondary progressive MS. While the bee sting treatment was well-tolerated, no beneficial effects were seen on the MRIs. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#3_2762294019 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: 1
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Bee sting therapy has been studied on a limited basis for MS. A couple of studies used bee sting therapy in mice who had experimental allergic encephalomyelitis (EAE), a condition that resembles MS in humans. The treatment not only showed no benefit, but some of the mice receiving bee stings seemed to have worsening symptoms. In addition, a study was conducted in the Netherlands among 24 people with either relapsing-remitting MS or secondary progressive MS. While the bee sting treatment was well-tolerated, no beneficial effects were seen on the MRIs. The participants also noted no improvement in their disability, fatigue, or quality of life. 3
Despite a lack of scientific evidence, bee sting therapy has been reported anecdotally by some people with MS to increase stability, as well as reduce fatigue and spasticity, which are common symptoms of MS . Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Pain is one of the biggest drawbacks with bee sting therapy. In addition to the discomfort of being stung by 40 bees, most people experience some degree of swelling and redness at the sting site. This swelling and pain can generally be eased by applying ice before and after the stings. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#4_2762295856 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: The participants also noted no improvement in their disability, fatigue, or quality of life. 3
Despite a lack of scientific evidence, bee sting therapy has been reported anecdotally by some people with MS to increase stability, as well as reduce fatigue and spasticity, which are common symptoms of MS . Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Pain is one of the biggest drawbacks with bee sting therapy. In addition to the discomfort of being stung by 40 bees, most people experience some degree of swelling and redness at the sting site. This swelling and pain can generally be eased by applying ice before and after the stings. Other adverse effects reported include: 4
Itching
Hives
Fatigue
Anxiety
Cough
Headache
Loss of appetite
Yellowing of the white part of the eyes (called jaundice)
Severe pain in the left shoulder and arm and chest wall
Muscle weakness of the left arm and hand. Rarely, these very serious and severe effects below have also been reported: Death
A small number of people (less than 100) die every year from reactions to bee stings. 5 These deaths could be due to anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions) or heart attacks brought on by a mild allergic reaction in combination with other factors like dehydration or a preexisting heart condition. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#5_2762297756 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: Other adverse effects reported include: 4
Itching
Hives
Fatigue
Anxiety
Cough
Headache
Loss of appetite
Yellowing of the white part of the eyes (called jaundice)
Severe pain in the left shoulder and arm and chest wall
Muscle weakness of the left arm and hand. Rarely, these very serious and severe effects below have also been reported: Death
A small number of people (less than 100) die every year from reactions to bee stings. 5 These deaths could be due to anaphylaxis (severe allergic reactions) or heart attacks brought on by a mild allergic reaction in combination with other factors like dehydration or a preexisting heart condition. It's important that an Epi-Pen Autoinjector is available in case of an allergic reaction. Optic Neuritis
Inflammation of the optic nerve ( optic neuritis) may occur in people (regardless if they have MS or not) when bee stings are given on or near the eye area, including the temple or eyebrow area. This is why it's important to avoid all bee stings in this area. 6
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
This is a rare form of inflammation of the central nervous system, which is very similar to that which occurs in MS. 7
A Word From Verywell
A couple take-home points to keep in mind is that bee sting therapy is meant to be a complementary MS therapy, meaning that it should not be used as a substitute for disease-modifying therapies. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#6_2762299787 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: It's important that an Epi-Pen Autoinjector is available in case of an allergic reaction. Optic Neuritis
Inflammation of the optic nerve ( optic neuritis) may occur in people (regardless if they have MS or not) when bee stings are given on or near the eye area, including the temple or eyebrow area. This is why it's important to avoid all bee stings in this area. 6
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
This is a rare form of inflammation of the central nervous system, which is very similar to that which occurs in MS. 7
A Word From Verywell
A couple take-home points to keep in mind is that bee sting therapy is meant to be a complementary MS therapy, meaning that it should not be used as a substitute for disease-modifying therapies. Secondly, at this time, there simply is not enough robust evidence (there are no long-term studies) to support bee sting therapy as an effective treatment for MS. In other words, more clinical studies are needed to really understand its benefit (if any) in MS. 8 In the end, if you are interested in a complementary MS therapy, please talk with your neurologist. Perhaps, a therapy that is more relaxing, peaceful, and scientifically supportive, like yoga or progressive muscle relaxation, would be best. Was this page helpful? | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#7_2762301687 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: Secondly, at this time, there simply is not enough robust evidence (there are no long-term studies) to support bee sting therapy as an effective treatment for MS. In other words, more clinical studies are needed to really understand its benefit (if any) in MS. 8 In the end, if you are interested in a complementary MS therapy, please talk with your neurologist. Perhaps, a therapy that is more relaxing, peaceful, and scientifically supportive, like yoga or progressive muscle relaxation, would be best. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Get tips and advice on how you can live a full and happy life with MS. Sign Up
You're in! Thank you, , for signing up. There was an error. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#8_2762302995 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: Thanks for your feedback! Get tips and advice on how you can live a full and happy life with MS. Sign Up
You're in! Thank you, , for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other
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Article Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Conrad R. Bee venom therapy. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#9_2762304149 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: Please try again. What are your concerns? Other
Inaccurate
Hard to Understand
Submit
Article Sources
Verywell Health uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Conrad R. Bee venom therapy. Bee Culture. June 26, 2017. BioTherapeutics, Education & Research (BTER) Foundation. Bee venom therapy. Wesselius T, Heersema DJ, Mostert JP, et al. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#10_2762305286 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: Bee Culture. June 26, 2017. BioTherapeutics, Education & Research (BTER) Foundation. Bee venom therapy. Wesselius T, Heersema DJ, Mostert JP, et al. A randomized crossover study of bee sting therapy for multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2005;65 (11):1764-8. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000184442.02551.4b
Park JH, Yim BK, Lee JH, Lee S, Kim TH. Risk associated with bee venom therapy: | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#11_2762306269 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: A randomized crossover study of bee sting therapy for multiple sclerosis. Neurology. 2005;65 (11):1764-8. doi:10.1212/01.wnl.0000184442.02551.4b
Park JH, Yim BK, Lee JH, Lee S, Kim TH. Risk associated with bee venom therapy: a systematic review and meta-analysis . PLoS One. 2015;10 (5):e0126971. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126971
Xu J. Quickstats: number of deaths from hornet, wasp, and bee stings,* among males and females - national vital statistics system, United States, 2000-2017. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391207909#14_2762309492 | Title: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Headings: Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Bee Sting Therapy for Multiple Sclerosis
Questionable Benefits and Definite Risks Associated With Using Bee's Venom
How Bee Therapy Works
What Happens During Treatment
Effectiveness of Bee Sting Therapy
Risks of Bee Sting Therapy
Death
Optic Neuritis
Acute Disseminated Encephalomyelitis
A Word From Verywell
Content: 17708-17709. Boz C, Velioglu S, Ozmenoglu M. Acute disseminated encephalomyelitis after bee sting. Neurol Sci. 2003;23 (6):313-5. doi:10.1007/s100720300007
Multiple Sclerosis Trust. Bee venom therapy. Updated February 2019. Additional Reading
Bowling, Allen C. (April 2011). Neurology Care: Bee Venom Therapy. | https://www.verywell.com/bee-venom-therapy-for-ms-2440481 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1391458257#5_2762964983 | Title: History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology
Headings: History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology
History and Key Concepts of Behavioral Psychology
A Brief History of Behaviorism
Key Concepts
Two Types of Conditioning
Classical Conditioning
Operant Conditioning
Learning Through Association
Conditioning Can Be Influenced
Consequences Affect Learning
Timing Plays a Role
Strengths and Weaknesses
Strengths
Weaknesses
Influencers and Impact
A Word From Verywell
Content: Responses followed by adverse outcomes, on the other hand, become less likely to happen again in the future. 5
What Is Operant Conditioning and How Does It Work? Learning Through Association
The classical conditioning process works by developing an association between an environmental stimulus and a naturally occurring stimulus. In physiologist Ivan Pavlov's classic experiments, dogs associated the presentation of food (something that naturally and automatically triggers a salivation response) with the sound of a bell, at first, and then the sight of a lab assistant's white coat. Eventually, the lab coat alone elicited a salivation response from the dogs. 6
Conditioning Can Be Influenced
During the first part of the classical conditioning process, known as acquisition, a response is established and strengthened. Factors such as the prominence of the stimuli and the timing of presentation can play an important role in how quickly an association is formed. When an association disappears, this is known as extinction, causing the behavior to weaken gradually or vanish. Factors such as the strength of the original response can play a role in how quickly extinction occurs. The longer a response has been conditioned, for example, the longer it may take for it to become extinct. | https://www.verywell.com/behavioral-psychology-4013681 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1395528064#2_2773220919 | Title: Can Depression Really Kill You?
Headings: Can You Die From Depression?
Can You Die From Depression?
Increased Risk of Suicide
What to Do
Self-Medicating
What to Do
Illnesses Linked to Depression
What to Do
Complications of Depression
Diabetes
Nutritional Deficiencies
Stress-Related Effects
Self-Help Strategies
A Word From Verywell
Content: One of the main ways that depression might lead to death is if the negative symptoms result in a person deciding to take their own life. Depression can make people feel helpless and without hope, causing them to reach the unfortunate conclusion that suicide is the only way to end their misery. Increased Risk of Suicide
According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), suicide was the tenth leading cause of death among all age groups in the year 2017. In 2016, there were nearly 45,000 deaths attributed to suicide in the United States. 1
According to some estimates, depression is present in about half of all suicides. 2
The other half, about 54%, of people who died by suicide did not have a known mental health condition, according to the CDC. Suicide Warning Signs and Risk Factors
What to Do
If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, talk to your doctor or mental health professional. They can recommend treatment options, such as antidepressants and talk therapy, both of which can relieve symptoms and help you feel better. How to Help Someone Who Is Feeling Suicidal
Self-Medicating
Depression can also lead some individuals to turn to drugs and or alcohol to self-medicate emotional problems. This can occur more often when people are unable to deal or cope with painful feelings of sadness, isolation, anger, hopelessness, and stress. | https://www.verywell.com/can-depression-kill-you-1067514 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1395528064#3_2773222839 | Title: Can Depression Really Kill You?
Headings: Can You Die From Depression?
Can You Die From Depression?
Increased Risk of Suicide
What to Do
Self-Medicating
What to Do
Illnesses Linked to Depression
What to Do
Complications of Depression
Diabetes
Nutritional Deficiencies
Stress-Related Effects
Self-Help Strategies
A Word From Verywell
Content: 2
The other half, about 54%, of people who died by suicide did not have a known mental health condition, according to the CDC. Suicide Warning Signs and Risk Factors
What to Do
If you are experiencing symptoms of depression, talk to your doctor or mental health professional. They can recommend treatment options, such as antidepressants and talk therapy, both of which can relieve symptoms and help you feel better. How to Help Someone Who Is Feeling Suicidal
Self-Medicating
Depression can also lead some individuals to turn to drugs and or alcohol to self-medicate emotional problems. This can occur more often when people are unable to deal or cope with painful feelings of sadness, isolation, anger, hopelessness, and stress. When a person has depression and they develop an unhealthy dependency on these substances, it is known as a dual diagnosis , since there is an issue of depression and an issue of a substance use disorder. Dual diagnosis complicates the treatment of depression, since both conditions must be dealt with as separate, yet interconnected, issues. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reports that one in four deaths in America can be blamed on alcohol, tobacco, and illegal drug use. 3 In addition, the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration states that substance misuse is one of the biggest risk factors for suicide. 4
What to Do
If you have symptoms of depression and substance misuse, it is important to talk to your doctor about your feelings and behaviors. | https://www.verywell.com/can-depression-kill-you-1067514 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1396275326#6_2775061335 | Title: Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Headings: Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Where Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
What Training Do Prescribing Psychologists Have?
Arguments for Prescribing Privileges
Arguments Against Prescribing Privileges
Content: 4
Psychologists are not the only non-physicians who have been granted prescribing rights. Advanced psychiatric nurses generally have prescriptive authority, although their powers may be limited depending on which state they are in. 5
Arguments for Prescribing Privileges
Supporters of prescribing rights for psychologists include the National Alliance of Professional Psychology Providers and Division 55 of the American Psychological Association. Advocates suggest that psychologists should be allowed to write prescriptions for a number of different reasons. On average, 30% of a primary care physician's caseload consists of people with psychiatric conditions. Primary care physicians prescribe psychiatric medication for an average of 70% of their mental health patients, even though they often have limited training and experience with mental illness. 6 Proponents suggest that many people would be better served by a psychologist who can also utilize other treatment strategies outside of pharmacological interventions. Some other reasons cited by supporters include: 4
Increase accessibility to mental health care
Allow patients faster access to treatments
Help rural patients access treatments more readily
Decrease wait time for treatments; many states face a shortage of psychiatrists, making it difficult for clients to access mental health care in a timely manner. | https://www.verywell.com/can-psychologists-prescribe-medications-2795756 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1396275326#7_2775063270 | Title: Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Headings: Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Where Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
What Training Do Prescribing Psychologists Have?
Arguments for Prescribing Privileges
Arguments Against Prescribing Privileges
Content: Primary care physicians prescribe psychiatric medication for an average of 70% of their mental health patients, even though they often have limited training and experience with mental illness. 6 Proponents suggest that many people would be better served by a psychologist who can also utilize other treatment strategies outside of pharmacological interventions. Some other reasons cited by supporters include: 4
Increase accessibility to mental health care
Allow patients faster access to treatments
Help rural patients access treatments more readily
Decrease wait time for treatments; many states face a shortage of psychiatrists, making it difficult for clients to access mental health care in a timely manner. 7
Arguments Against Prescribing Privileges
Organizations against offering prescribing rights to psychologists include the American Medical Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the National Alliance on Mental Illness. Opponents cite a number of reasons why psychologists should not be able to write prescriptions, including: 4
Insufficient training in medicine and pharmacology. Risks of side effects of medications. Danger of overlooking medical disorders that might be mistaken for mental disorders. | https://www.verywell.com/can-psychologists-prescribe-medications-2795756 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1396275326#8_2775065060 | Title: Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Headings: Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
Where Can Psychologists Prescribe Medications?
What Training Do Prescribing Psychologists Have?
Arguments for Prescribing Privileges
Arguments Against Prescribing Privileges
Content: 7
Arguments Against Prescribing Privileges
Organizations against offering prescribing rights to psychologists include the American Medical Association, the American Psychiatric Association, and the National Alliance on Mental Illness. Opponents cite a number of reasons why psychologists should not be able to write prescriptions, including: 4
Insufficient training in medicine and pharmacology. Risks of side effects of medications. Danger of overlooking medical disorders that might be mistaken for mental disorders. Many patients prescribed psychotropic medications also have one or more coexisting medical conditions. 8
Physicians and psychiatrists are better trained to determine when and if medications are needed. Was this page helpful? Thanks for your feedback! Ever wonder what your personality type means? | https://www.verywell.com/can-psychologists-prescribe-medications-2795756 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1396714692#8_2776200338 | Title: Cancer Antigen 15-3 Test: Uses, Procedure, Results
Headings: What Is the Cancer Antigen 15-3 Blood Test?
What Is the Cancer Antigen 15-3 Blood Test?
A tumor marker test used to monitor metastatic breast cancer
Purpose
Limitations
Risks and Contraindications
Before the Test
Timing
Location
What to Wear
Food and Drink
Medication Use
Cost and Health Insurance
What to Bring
During the Test
Throughout the Test
Post-Test
After the Test
Interpreting Results
Follow-Up
A Word From Verywell
Content: Location
The CA 15-3 test can often be performed at the oncologist's office during your visit. Alternately, you may be referred to a nearby lab. What to Wear
You should choose a top that is either short-sleeved or has sleeves that can be easily rolled up. If you plan to return to work after the test, you may want to wear long sleeves to cover the bandage or puncture mark on your arm. Food and Drink
There are no food or drink restrictions for the CA 15-3 test. If you have small veins, it often helps to drink a couple of glasses of water before the test. Doing so won't affect the results but may plump your veins and make the blood draw easier. Medication Use
Certain medications and supplements can interfere with the CA 15-3 test. Among them is biotin (also known as vitamin B7, vitamin B8, vitamin H, or coenzyme R). The CA 15-3 test relies on biotin to bind to the CA-153 antigen and may be affected if too much biotin is consumed. | https://www.verywell.com/cancer-antigen-15-3-blood-test-for-breast-cancer-430608 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1396919498#0_2776584786 | Title: Candida (Yeast) Infections and Thyroid Disease—Are They Linked?
Headings: Candida (Yeast) Infections and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
Candida (Yeast) Infections and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
There is a potential link between thyroid disease and yeast infections
What Is Candida?
Exploring the Candida and Thyroid Link
Molecular Mimicry
Superantigens
No Link at All
What This Means for You
Treating Candida Infections
Preventing Candida Infections
A Word From Verywell
Content: Candida (Yeast) Infections and Thyroid Disease—Are They Linked? Candida (Yeast) Infections and Autoimmune Thyroid Disease
There is a potential link between thyroid disease and yeast infections
By
Mary Shomon
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Mary Shomon is a writer and hormonal health and thyroid advocate. She is the author of "The Thyroid Diet Revolution." Learn about our editorial process
Mary Shomon
Medically reviewed by
Medically reviewed by Ana Maria Kausel, MD on July 24, 2020
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Ana Maria Kausel, MD, is a double board-certified endocrinologist affiliated with Mount Sinai St. Luke's/Mount Sinai West in New York City. Learn about our Medical Review Board
Ana Maria Kausel, MD
on July 24, 2020
Table of Contents
View All
Table of Contents
Overview
Candida and Thyroid
Molecular Mimicry
Superantigens
Treatment
Prevention
Given that immune system malfunctioning is at the root of autoimmune thyroid diseases such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis and Graves' disease, it's natural to wonder if it can also cause other issues in people with these conditions. Candidiasis —which can take several forms, including thrush and genital yeast infections—is one that has been discussed, given the important role your immune system plays in controlling growth of the fungus that's responsible for this problem. In short, your autoimmune thyroid condition could influence your risk for yeast infections. But the connection is not all that clear or simple. alvarez / Getty Images
What Is Candida? Candida (yeast) is a part of your normal flora that resides harmoniously with other organisms in your gut, reproductive tract, mouth, and skin. | https://www.verywell.com/candidiasis-yeast-overgrowth-and-thyroid-disease-3231788 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1401251458#11_2787031654 | Title: Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel?
Headings: Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel?
Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel?
How Colors Impact Moods, Feelings, and Behaviors
What Is Color Psychology?
The Psychological Effects of Color
Color Psychology as Therapy
Modern Research on Color Psychology
Color Can Influence Performance
Color and Consumer Purchases
Additional Research Is Still Needed
A Word From Verywell
Content: 5
Color Can Influence Performance
Studies have also shown that certain colors can have an impact on performance. No one likes to see a graded test covered in red ink, but one study found that seeing the color red before taking an exam actually hurt test performance. 6
While the color red is often described as threatening, arousing or exciting, many previous studies on the impact of the color red have been largely inconclusive. The study found, however, that exposing students to the color red prior to an exam has been shown to have a negative impact on test performance. In the first of the six experiments described in the study, 71 U.S. colleges students were presented with a participant number colored either red, green or black prior to taking a five-minute test. The results revealed that students who were presented with the red number before taking the test scored more than 20% lower than those presented with the green and black numbers. Color and Consumer Purchases
Color psychology suggests that various shades can have a wide range of effects, from boosting our moods to causing anxiety. But could the color of the products you purchase ever say something about your personality? For example, could the color of the car you buy somehow relate to some underlying personality traits or quirks? Your color preferences why buying items might say something about the type of image you may be trying to project. | https://www.verywell.com/color-psychology-2795824 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1401251458#12_2787033738 | Title: Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel?
Headings: Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel?
Color Psychology: Does It Affect How You Feel?
How Colors Impact Moods, Feelings, and Behaviors
What Is Color Psychology?
The Psychological Effects of Color
Color Psychology as Therapy
Modern Research on Color Psychology
Color Can Influence Performance
Color and Consumer Purchases
Additional Research Is Still Needed
A Word From Verywell
Content: The results revealed that students who were presented with the red number before taking the test scored more than 20% lower than those presented with the green and black numbers. Color and Consumer Purchases
Color psychology suggests that various shades can have a wide range of effects, from boosting our moods to causing anxiety. But could the color of the products you purchase ever say something about your personality? For example, could the color of the car you buy somehow relate to some underlying personality traits or quirks? Your color preferences why buying items might say something about the type of image you may be trying to project. Color preferences, from the clothes you wear to the car you drive, can sometimes make a statement about how we want other people to perceive us. Other factors such as age and gender can also influence the color choices we make. White: As many of our readers have suggested, the color white can feel fresh and clean. The color is often used to evoke a sense of youth and modernity. | https://www.verywell.com/color-psychology-2795824 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1403973953#4_2793576873 | Title: Why the Defeat Autism Now (DAN!) Protocol Was Ended
Headings: Why the Defeat Autism Now (DAN!) Protocol Was Discontinued
Why the Defeat Autism Now (DAN!) Protocol Was Discontinued
History of DAN!
Why It Was Discontinued
What Happened to the Autism Research Institute?
A Word From Verywell
Content: doctors believed that autism is a disorder caused by a combination of a lowered immune response, external toxins from vaccines and other sources, and problems caused by certain foods. 3
The DAN! protocol was founded in 1995, and, during its brief heyday, was well-regarded by a subset of autism parents and researchers who believed strongly in the possibility that autism could be cured through biomedical interventions ranging from nutritional therapy to removal of heavy metals from the body (chelation) to hyperbaric oxygen treatment. The biomedical approach was particularly popular during the late 1990s and early 2000s. At that time, the debate was ongoing about the possibility that ingredients in vaccines (specifically a preservative called thimerosal and live measles virus ) could be the cause of a sharp increase in cases of autism. Massive international research studies have debunked both of the vaccine-related theories, 2 though there are still those who believe that their autistic children are vaccine-injured. Why It Was Discontinued
The Autism Research Institute discontinued the DAN Protocol in 2011. Part of the reason for this decision related to objections to the name "defeat autism now." While the name was appealing to some parents, many self-advocates on the spectrum found the concept to be offensive. What Happened to the Autism Research Institute? | https://www.verywell.com/dan-defeat-autism-now-is-no-more-3971489 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1403973953#5_2793578768 | Title: Why the Defeat Autism Now (DAN!) Protocol Was Ended
Headings: Why the Defeat Autism Now (DAN!) Protocol Was Discontinued
Why the Defeat Autism Now (DAN!) Protocol Was Discontinued
History of DAN!
Why It Was Discontinued
What Happened to the Autism Research Institute?
A Word From Verywell
Content: Massive international research studies have debunked both of the vaccine-related theories, 2 though there are still those who believe that their autistic children are vaccine-injured. Why It Was Discontinued
The Autism Research Institute discontinued the DAN Protocol in 2011. Part of the reason for this decision related to objections to the name "defeat autism now." While the name was appealing to some parents, many self-advocates on the spectrum found the concept to be offensive. What Happened to the Autism Research Institute? Today, the Autism Research Institute continues its focus on biomedical issues related to autism. It also, however, supports research on behavioral treatments and genetics. In addition, the Institute provides resources and information for and about adults on the spectrum. It also investigates some of the most troubling aspects of autism, including aggression and self-aggression. While ARI no longer teaches or espouses the DAN! | https://www.verywell.com/dan-defeat-autism-now-is-no-more-3971489 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1409852491#5_2808195518 | Title: When Is the Best Time to Take a Pregnancy Test?
Headings: When to Take a Pregnancy Test
When to Take a Pregnancy Test
Understanding How Pregnancy Tests Really Work
Overview
The Best Time in Your Cycle
The Best Time of Day
When You “Feel” Pregnant
How Pregnancy Tests Work
Early Result Pregnancy Tests
Test Accuracy
Efficacy of Early Testing
The Best Early Test
When to Get a Blood Test
Blood Test Result Timetable
When a Blood Test Is Used
A Word From Verywell
Content: Something else to consider is whether you know if your period is even late. According to the FDA, out of every 100 women, between 10 and 20 will not get a positive pregnancy test result on the day they think is just after their missed period, even if they are pregnant. 1
Even tests labeled for early pregnancy detection can't accurately detect a pregnancy before your period is late. The Best Time of Day
The time of day you take a pregnancy test does matter to a certain extent. You’re more likely to get an accurate result if you take the test in the morning. This is especially true if your period is not yet late, or if your period is only a couple days late. At-home pregnancy tests work by detecting the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in your urine. 2 Unless you get up in the night to pee often (or you drink water throughout the night), your urine is more concentrated when you first wake up. This usually means that the amount of hCG is a bit higher, and you’re more likely to get a positive result if you’re pregnant. However, you can still take a pregnancy test in the middle of the day, or even at night. | https://www.verywell.com/ept-pregnancy-test-2753559 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1409852491#6_2808197355 | Title: When Is the Best Time to Take a Pregnancy Test?
Headings: When to Take a Pregnancy Test
When to Take a Pregnancy Test
Understanding How Pregnancy Tests Really Work
Overview
The Best Time in Your Cycle
The Best Time of Day
When You “Feel” Pregnant
How Pregnancy Tests Work
Early Result Pregnancy Tests
Test Accuracy
Efficacy of Early Testing
The Best Early Test
When to Get a Blood Test
Blood Test Result Timetable
When a Blood Test Is Used
A Word From Verywell
Content: This is especially true if your period is not yet late, or if your period is only a couple days late. At-home pregnancy tests work by detecting the hormone human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) in your urine. 2 Unless you get up in the night to pee often (or you drink water throughout the night), your urine is more concentrated when you first wake up. This usually means that the amount of hCG is a bit higher, and you’re more likely to get a positive result if you’re pregnant. However, you can still take a pregnancy test in the middle of the day, or even at night. You’re just more likely to get a false-negative, especially if your period isn’t that late, and especially if you’ve been drinking a lot of water and your urine is diluted. 3
When You “Feel” Pregnant
You may decide to take a pregnancy test because you’re having early pregnancy symptoms, including: 4
Breast tenderness
Mild cramps (sometimes called “implantation cramps”)
Very light spotting (sometimes called “ implantation spotting ”)
Fatigue
Sensitivity to smells
Slight morning nausea
Depending on whether a positive pregnancy test would be good or bad news, symptoms like these may fill you with dread…or excitement! But here’s the good (or bad) news: pregnancy symptoms don’t mean you’re pregnant. | https://www.verywell.com/ept-pregnancy-test-2753559 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1410131101#5_2808888511 | Title: The Link Between Thyroid Hormones and Weight
Headings: The Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones, Metabolism, and Weight
The Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones, Metabolism, and Weight
How the Thyroid Gland Works
The Role of Metabolism
The Role of Thyroid Hormones
Research
Hypothyroidism and Weight
Weight Loss With Treatment
The More Medication Myth
Hyperthyroidism and Weight
The Weight Loss Challenge
Low T3 Levels
Hormone Resistance
Leptin Resistance
Insulin Resistance
A Word From Verywell
Content: But a 2017 study examined 1,100 participants with normal thyroid function and found no link between changes in TSH and body mass index (BMI) after a follow-up period of 10 years. 4 However, this study did find that patients with lower levels of free T4 tended to have higher BMIs. The variance in study results further illustrates how intricate the relationship between thyroid hormones and weight really is. The bottom line is that further research is needed. Hypothyroidism and Weight
As discussed above, the simplistic explanation is that having an underactive thyroid often causes people to gain weight because their bodies stop using calories efficiently. A lot of this weight is excess water and salt. Typically, the more severe the hypothyroidism, the greater the weight gain, but usually it's between five and 10 pounds. 5
Somewhere between 10% and 60% of obese adults also have autoimmune hypothyroidism. 2 Some studies have concluded that even mild hypothyroidism can lead to weight changes and may be a risk factor for weight gain and changes in BMI. Verywell / Emily Roberts
Weight Loss With Treatment
There aren't many scientific studies regarding how much weight is gained or lost once hypothyroid people are treated with the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine, but the limited evidence that is available indicates that not everyone loses weight with treatment and in the ones who do, it's limited. | https://www.verywell.com/even-slight-shifts-in-thyroid-tsh-linked-to-weight-gain-3233048 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1410131101#6_2808890694 | Title: The Link Between Thyroid Hormones and Weight
Headings: The Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones, Metabolism, and Weight
The Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones, Metabolism, and Weight
How the Thyroid Gland Works
The Role of Metabolism
The Role of Thyroid Hormones
Research
Hypothyroidism and Weight
Weight Loss With Treatment
The More Medication Myth
Hyperthyroidism and Weight
The Weight Loss Challenge
Low T3 Levels
Hormone Resistance
Leptin Resistance
Insulin Resistance
A Word From Verywell
Content: A lot of this weight is excess water and salt. Typically, the more severe the hypothyroidism, the greater the weight gain, but usually it's between five and 10 pounds. 5
Somewhere between 10% and 60% of obese adults also have autoimmune hypothyroidism. 2 Some studies have concluded that even mild hypothyroidism can lead to weight changes and may be a risk factor for weight gain and changes in BMI. Verywell / Emily Roberts
Weight Loss With Treatment
There aren't many scientific studies regarding how much weight is gained or lost once hypothyroid people are treated with the synthetic thyroid hormone levothyroxine, but the limited evidence that is available indicates that not everyone loses weight with treatment and in the ones who do, it's limited. Once your hormone levels are within the normal range, you may lose a small amount of weight that mainly consists of the extra water and salt your body has built up. However, weight gain has multiple factors and yours is more than likely not all due to your thyroid's slowdown. One way to tell is if treatment has helped all of your other thyroid symptoms but not your weight. This indicates that your thyroid very likely isn't the only factor behind your gain. The More Medication Myth
You may have heard that thyroid hormones can be used to lose weight, even in people without thyroid disease. | https://www.verywell.com/even-slight-shifts-in-thyroid-tsh-linked-to-weight-gain-3233048 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1410131101#7_2808892804 | Title: The Link Between Thyroid Hormones and Weight
Headings: The Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones, Metabolism, and Weight
The Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones, Metabolism, and Weight
How the Thyroid Gland Works
The Role of Metabolism
The Role of Thyroid Hormones
Research
Hypothyroidism and Weight
Weight Loss With Treatment
The More Medication Myth
Hyperthyroidism and Weight
The Weight Loss Challenge
Low T3 Levels
Hormone Resistance
Leptin Resistance
Insulin Resistance
A Word From Verywell
Content: Once your hormone levels are within the normal range, you may lose a small amount of weight that mainly consists of the extra water and salt your body has built up. However, weight gain has multiple factors and yours is more than likely not all due to your thyroid's slowdown. One way to tell is if treatment has helped all of your other thyroid symptoms but not your weight. This indicates that your thyroid very likely isn't the only factor behind your gain. The More Medication Myth
You may have heard that thyroid hormones can be used to lose weight, even in people without thyroid disease. While synthetic thyroid hormones have been used this way in the past, research has shown that most people gain all the weight back once they stop using them. 5 Worse, being on thyroid hormones unnecessarily can result in serious side effects. For people who are already using levothyroxine, increasing the dose above what's needed can lead to more weight loss, but it's usually not significant and those pounds are often gained back once the dose is decreased again. This is also an unhealthy way to lose weight as an increased dose is also associated with adverse reactions, including heart issues, insomnia, headaches, menstrual irregularities and skin rash. 6
Are You Taking Too Much Thyroid Medication? | https://www.verywell.com/even-slight-shifts-in-thyroid-tsh-linked-to-weight-gain-3233048 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1410131101#8_2808894862 | Title: The Link Between Thyroid Hormones and Weight
Headings: The Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones, Metabolism, and Weight
The Relationship Between Thyroid Hormones, Metabolism, and Weight
How the Thyroid Gland Works
The Role of Metabolism
The Role of Thyroid Hormones
Research
Hypothyroidism and Weight
Weight Loss With Treatment
The More Medication Myth
Hyperthyroidism and Weight
The Weight Loss Challenge
Low T3 Levels
Hormone Resistance
Leptin Resistance
Insulin Resistance
A Word From Verywell
Content: While synthetic thyroid hormones have been used this way in the past, research has shown that most people gain all the weight back once they stop using them. 5 Worse, being on thyroid hormones unnecessarily can result in serious side effects. For people who are already using levothyroxine, increasing the dose above what's needed can lead to more weight loss, but it's usually not significant and those pounds are often gained back once the dose is decreased again. This is also an unhealthy way to lose weight as an increased dose is also associated with adverse reactions, including heart issues, insomnia, headaches, menstrual irregularities and skin rash. 6
Are You Taking Too Much Thyroid Medication? Hyperthyroidism and Weight
Many patients with an overactive thyroid end up losing weight. And in general, the more severe the hyperthyroidism, the more weight that is lost. 5 But because metabolisms in these individuals are working harder and faster, they often feel hungrier and some may gain weight instead. This usually reverses once your hyperthyroidism is treated. You may find that you gain back all the weight you lost, which is totally normal. | https://www.verywell.com/even-slight-shifts-in-thyroid-tsh-linked-to-weight-gain-3233048 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1410209599#0_2809065287 | Title: Human Behavior and Evolutionary Psychology
Headings: How Evolutionary Psychology Explains Human Behavior
How Evolutionary Psychology Explains Human Behavior
Evolutionary Psychology Approach
5 Principles of Evolutionary Psychology
Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioral Skills
How Evolution Explains Phobias
Article Sources
Content: Human Behavior and Evolutionary Psychology
Phobias
How Evolutionary Psychology Explains Human Behavior
By
Lisa Fritscher
Lisa Fritscher is a freelance writer and editor with a deep interest in phobias and other mental health topics. Learn about our editorial process
Lisa Fritscher
Medically reviewed by
Medically reviewed by Steven Gans, MD on May 13, 2020
Steven Gans, MD is board-certified in psychiatry and is an active supervisor, teacher, and mentor at Massachusetts General Hospital. Learn about our Review Board
Steven Gans, MD
Updated on May 13, 2020
Science Picture Co / Getty Images
Table of Contents
View All
Table of Contents
Background
5 Principles
Behavioral Skills
Phobias
Evolutionary psychology is a scientific discipline that approaches human behavior through a lens that incorporates the effects of evolution. It combines the science of psychology with the study of biology. Evolutionary psychologists seek to explain people's emotions, thoughts, and responses based on Charles Darwin's Theory of Evolution Through Natural Selection, similarly to how evolutionary biologists explain an organism's physical features. 1
Evolutionary Psychology Approach
Proponents of this psychological approach posit that as our ancestors confronted problems and developed ways of solving them, some had certain innate instincts and intelligence that gave them the ability to figure out and apply the most successful solutions. In doing so, they gained advantages, such as better health or a longer lifespan, allowing them to produce more offspring through the process of natural selection. According to evolutionary psychology, our ancestors who had psychological advantages passed down these behavioral traits to future generations, resulting in a population of offspring that then had these adaptive behaviors. 2
Psychological abilities, such as reading others' intentions, making friends, and gaining trust, are known to help a person throughout life. Evolutionary psychologists believe that these skills are rooted in deeply complex neural circuits in the brain and that they are inherited. | https://www.verywell.com/evolutionary-psychology-2671587 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#1_2812931305 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: 2 The inner cells of the embryo become the fetus. The outer cells become the amniotic sac, which surrounds the fetus through the duration of the pregnancy, and the placenta, which is attached to the uterine wall, begins to grow and nourish your baby. 2
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
Prenatal care is so important to a baby's health—even if you don't know you're pregnant yet. 3 As your body prepares for a growing baby, you may show some signs of early pregnancy at four weeks like bloating, breast tenderness, mood swings and nausea, 4 and it's right around now that you could find out that you're pregnant. Meanwhile your embryo will go through three stages of fetal kidney development: pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. During the fourth week, the first stage (pronephros) disappears so that the second stage (mesonephros) can begin forming. 5
3
7 Week Embryo
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
The hand plates become present this week, and the baby is about 1.5 centimeters crown-rump length (CRL) by the end of the week (at the start of the eighth week). 6 The genital tubercle is present, but you can't distinguish the sex by sight at this point. Nasal pits are also forming. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#2_2812933055 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: pronephros, mesonephros and metanephros. During the fourth week, the first stage (pronephros) disappears so that the second stage (mesonephros) can begin forming. 5
3
7 Week Embryo
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
The hand plates become present this week, and the baby is about 1.5 centimeters crown-rump length (CRL) by the end of the week (at the start of the eighth week). 6 The genital tubercle is present, but you can't distinguish the sex by sight at this point. Nasal pits are also forming. 7
Bones and joints this week have many things going on. The process of ossification (hardening of the bones) begins. 8
With a transvaginal ultrasound, one study shows that over 90 percent of ultrasounds will show a fetal pole with heart motion. 4
8 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
The embryo now enters the fetal period. Your baby will be about 2.2 centimeters long at the end of the eighth week (and at the start of the ninth). | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#3_2812934524 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: 7
Bones and joints this week have many things going on. The process of ossification (hardening of the bones) begins. 8
With a transvaginal ultrasound, one study shows that over 90 percent of ultrasounds will show a fetal pole with heart motion. 4
8 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
The embryo now enters the fetal period. Your baby will be about 2.2 centimeters long at the end of the eighth week (and at the start of the ninth). 6 By now, the fetal brain weighs an impressive 43 percent of the total mass of the fetus. This week the baby's gonads will become either testes or ovaries. 9 The baby's fingers and toes are webbed and spontaneous movement begins! There are a lot of things that we do know about life before birth. All major organs have begun to form by the end of the eighth week. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#4_2812935843 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: 6 By now, the fetal brain weighs an impressive 43 percent of the total mass of the fetus. This week the baby's gonads will become either testes or ovaries. 9 The baby's fingers and toes are webbed and spontaneous movement begins! There are a lot of things that we do know about life before birth. All major organs have begun to form by the end of the eighth week. 10
5
10 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
At the start of the tenth week, the average size of the fetus is approximately 3.2 centimeters CRL 6 and weighs about four grams. 11 Tiny toes formed in the ninth week, and now toenails and fingernails are growing. The eyelids have fused shut and will stay that way until they separate at around 28 weeks. 12 External ears are continuing to develop, as well as the upper lip. External genitalia is beginning to differentiate. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#5_2812937212 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: 10
5
10 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
At the start of the tenth week, the average size of the fetus is approximately 3.2 centimeters CRL 6 and weighs about four grams. 11 Tiny toes formed in the ninth week, and now toenails and fingernails are growing. The eyelids have fused shut and will stay that way until they separate at around 28 weeks. 12 External ears are continuing to develop, as well as the upper lip. External genitalia is beginning to differentiate. 13
The fingers and toes are no longer webbed and now the baby is kicking around! The embryonic tail disappeared during the ninth week. 6
12 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
While your baby's brain is not quite yet the size it will be at birth, it has begun developing its structures. 14 Your fetus weighs about 14 grams 11 and is approximately 5.5 centimeters long. 6
Your baby has developed suckling reflexes and their kidneys are producing urine. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#6_2812938708 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: 13
The fingers and toes are no longer webbed and now the baby is kicking around! The embryonic tail disappeared during the ninth week. 6
12 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
While your baby's brain is not quite yet the size it will be at birth, it has begun developing its structures. 14 Your fetus weighs about 14 grams 11 and is approximately 5.5 centimeters long. 6
Your baby has developed suckling reflexes and their kidneys are producing urine. All of this in preparation for extrauterine life. If your practitioner uses a doppler, there's an 80% chance you may be able to hear your baby's heartbeat at this office visit. 15 It is a joyous sound to hear! Your chance of miscarriage is greatly reduced after 12 weeks gestation. 7
16 Week Fetus
Photo © E+/Getty Images
The ears and eyes are close to reaching their final positions. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#10_2812944283 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: 11
They are also beginning to deposit brown fat (adipose tissue) on their body around mid-gestation. The purpose of the brown fat is to retain body heat. 19 Newborns may struggle with regulating body temperature at first. This is particularly a problem for a baby born early, since they have not developed enough fat on their body. 20
Babies born at this point have some chances of survival with very special care. They will be in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), probably for many weeks. In most cases, you can expect them to stay in the NICU until close to their due date. A major problem with premature babies is lung development. If preterm labor is detected early, a steroid shot called Betamethasone can sometimes be given to enhancing the lung development. 21
9
26-28 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
At 26 to 28 weeks, bile has begun developing the function of secretion, a process that is not completed until 2 to 5 weeks following birth. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#11_2812945766 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: They will be in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), probably for many weeks. In most cases, you can expect them to stay in the NICU until close to their due date. A major problem with premature babies is lung development. If preterm labor is detected early, a steroid shot called Betamethasone can sometimes be given to enhancing the lung development. 21
9
26-28 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
At 26 to 28 weeks, bile has begun developing the function of secretion, a process that is not completed until 2 to 5 weeks following birth. 22
Your baby's brain is also becoming more complex and has developed a regular sleep-wake cycle. 23 Although it usually seems as if the baby wants to sleep while you are awake and vice versa at night. At 27 weeks your baby is 36.5 centimeters (14.4 inches) long and weighs in at about 875 grams (just under 2 pounds) CHL. 10
30-39 Week Fetus
Photo © Science Picture Co/Getty Images
At 30 weeks there's only about 10 left to go until you meet your baby! At 32 weeks, your baby now weighs 1.7 kilograms (3.7 pounds) and is approximately 42 centimeters (16.5 inches) long CHL. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#15_2812951281 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: Thank you, , for signing up. There was an error. Please try again. What are your concerns? Other
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Article Sources
Verywell Family uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Georgadaki K, Khoury N, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V. The molecular basis of fertilization (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2016;38 (4):979-86. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2016.2723
Kim SM, Kim JS. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#16_2812952331 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: Read our editorial process to learn more about how we fact-check and keep our content accurate, reliable, and trustworthy. Georgadaki K, Khoury N, Spandidos DA, Zoumpourlis V. The molecular basis of fertilization (Review). Int J Mol Med. 2016;38 (4):979-86. doi:10.3892/ijmm.2016.2723
Kim SM, Kim JS. A Review of Mechanisms of Implantation. Dev Reprod. 2017;21 (4):351-359. doi:10.12717/DR.2017.21.4.351
Stanford Children's Health. Nutrition Before Pregnancy. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#17_2812953263 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: A Review of Mechanisms of Implantation. Dev Reprod. 2017;21 (4):351-359. doi:10.12717/DR.2017.21.4.351
Stanford Children's Health. Nutrition Before Pregnancy. Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. What are some common signs of pregnancy?. Updated January 31, 2017. LifeMap Discovery - Embryonic Development & Stem Cell Compendium. Stages in Kidney Development: | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#18_2812954138 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development. What are some common signs of pregnancy?. Updated January 31, 2017. LifeMap Discovery - Embryonic Development & Stem Cell Compendium. Stages in Kidney Development: Pronephros, Mesonephros, and Metanephros . Papageorghiou et al. University of Oxford. International Standards for Fetal Crown Rump Length by Gestational Age. Lancet. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#22_2812957492 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: 2019;41 (4):431-439. doi:10.1007/s00276-018-2121-2
Makiyan Z. Studies of gonadal sex differentiation. Organogenesis. 2016;12 (1):42-51. doi:10.1080/15476278.2016.1145318
The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists. How Your Fetus Grows During Pregnancy . April 2018. Bhattacharjee D. FirstCry Parenting. Foetal Growth Chart Week by Week — Length & Weight. Updated April 2, 2020. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#23_2812958360 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: How Your Fetus Grows During Pregnancy . April 2018. Bhattacharjee D. FirstCry Parenting. Foetal Growth Chart Week by Week — Length & Weight. Updated April 2, 2020. Tawfik HA, Abdulhafez MH, Fouad YA, Dutton JJ. Embryologic and Fetal Development of the Human Eyelid. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg. 2016;32 (6):407-414. doi:10.1097/IOP.0000000000000702
Blaschko SD, Cunha GR, Baskin LS. | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1411749928#25_2812960167 | Title: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Headings: Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy Fetal Development
Early Pregnancy
4 Weeks of Pregnancy
7 Week Embryo
8 Week Fetus
10 Week Fetus
12 Week Fetus
16 Week Fetus
24 Week Fetus
26-28 Week Fetus
30-39 Week Fetus
Content: Molecular mechanisms of external genitalia development. Differentiation. 2012;84 (3):261-8. doi:10.1016/j.diff.2012.06.003
Zhang ZH, Lin XT, Teng GJ, et al. Mapping fetal brain development in the second trimester with 7.0T magnetic resonance imaging. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 2013;93 (3):204-7. Rowland J, Heazell A, Melvin C | https://www.verywell.com/fetal-development-a2-2758768 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1413775715#0_2817987633 | Title: Symptoms of Fungal and Yeast Infections
Headings: Varieties of Fungal and Yeast Infections
Varieties of Fungal and Yeast Infections
Symptoms and Treatments for 10 Different Types
Tinea Versicolor
Jock Itch
Athlete's Foot
Ringworm
Ringworm of the Scalp
Ringworm of the Beard
Fungal Nail Infection
Intertrigo
Thrush
Interface Dermatitis Reaction
Content: Symptoms of Fungal and Yeast Infections
Skin Health
Fungal, Bacterial & Viral Infections
Varieties of Fungal and Yeast Infections
Symptoms and Treatments for 10 Different Types
By
Heather L. Brannon, MD
Heather L. Brannon, MD, is a family practice physician in Mauldin, South Carolina. She has been in practice for over 20 years. Learn about our editorial process
Heather L. Brannon, MD
Medically reviewed by
Medically reviewed by Casey Gallagher, MD on September 22, 2019
Casey Gallagher, MD, is board-certified in dermatology and works as a practicing dermatologist and clinical professor. Learn about our Medical Review Board
Casey Gallagher, MD
Updated on November 18, 2020
Yeast and fungi can cause infections in your body and on your skin. These organisms are part of the fungal kingdom, which includes mushrooms and molds, and they are separate from bacteria, viruses, amoeba, and plants. Many people associate yeast infections with the vagina, and that is one type of yeast infection. But there are other kinds of yeast infections that can affect skin all over the body. Verywell / Emily Roberts
You might cringe at the thought of having a fungal or yeast infection. The reality, however, is that many types of fungi live on the skin all the time, even though you can't see them. Most of the time, these fungi don't cause any problems, but sometimes a fungus will change and cause an infection. | https://www.verywell.com/fungal-infection-and-yeast-infections-1069276 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1413970502#0_2818466226 | Title: Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Headings: Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Criticism
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Strengths
Analyzing problems and mathematical operations
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Strengths
Physical movement, motor control
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Musical Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Interpersonal Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Naturalistic Intelligence
Strengths
Finding patterns and relationships to nature
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Content: Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Theories
Cognitive Psychology
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
By
Kendra Cherry
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Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial process
Kendra Cherry
Reviewed by
Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019
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Amy Morin, LCSW, is the Editor-in-Chief of Verywell Mind. She's also a psychotherapist, international bestselling author and host of the The Verywell Mind Podcast. Learn about our Review Board
Amy Morin, LCSW
Updated on July 17, 2019
When you hear the word intelligence, the concept of IQ testing may immediately come to mind. Intelligence is often defined as our intellectual potential; something we are born with, something that can be measured, and a capacity that is difficult to change. In recent years, however, other views of intelligence have emerged. One such conception is the theory of multiple intelligences proposed by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner . Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
This theory suggests that traditional psychometric views of intelligence are too limited. Gardner first outlined his theory in his 1983 book Frames of Mind: | https://www.verywell.com/gardners-theory-of-multiple-intelligences-2795161 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1413970502#1_2818468731 | Title: Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Headings: Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Gardner's Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
Criticism
Visual-Spatial Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Linguistic-Verbal Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Logical-Mathematical Intelligence
Strengths
Analyzing problems and mathematical operations
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Bodily-Kinesthetic Intelligence
Strengths
Physical movement, motor control
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Musical Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Interpersonal Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Intrapersonal Intelligence
Strengths
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Naturalistic Intelligence
Strengths
Finding patterns and relationships to nature
Characteristics
Potential Career Choices
Content: something we are born with, something that can be measured, and a capacity that is difficult to change. In recent years, however, other views of intelligence have emerged. One such conception is the theory of multiple intelligences proposed by Harvard psychologist Howard Gardner . Illustration by JR Bee, Verywell
Theory of Multiple Intelligences
This theory suggests that traditional psychometric views of intelligence are too limited. Gardner first outlined his theory in his 1983 book Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences, where he suggested that all people have different kinds of "intelligences." Gardner proposed that there are eight intelligences, and has suggested the possible addition of a ninth known as "existentialist intelligence." 1
In order to capture the full range of abilities and talents that people possess, Gardner theorizes that people do not have just an intellectual capacity, but have many kinds of intelligence, including musical, interpersonal, spatial-visual, and linguistic intelligences. While a person might be particularly strong in a specific area, such as musical intelligence, he or she most likely possesses a range of abilities. For example, an individual might be strong in verbal, musical, and naturalistic intelligence. | https://www.verywell.com/gardners-theory-of-multiple-intelligences-2795161 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1414431065#0_2819598327 | Title: How Yeast Infection Is Treated
Headings: How Vaginal Yeast Infection Is Treated
How Vaginal Yeast Infection Is Treated
Over-the-Counter Therapies
When To Contact Your Doctor
Prescriptions
Home Remedies and Lifestyle
Advice for Relieving Yeast Infection Symptoms
Complementary Medicine (CAM)
Boric Acid Suppository
Probiotics and Active-Culture Yogurt
More Research Needed
Content: How Yeast Infection Is Treated
Sexual Health
Reproductive Health Issues
Vaginal Health
Yeast Infections
Yeast Infection Guide
Yeast Infection Guide
Symptoms
Causes
Diagnosis
Treatment
How Vaginal Yeast Infection Is Treated
By
Tracee Cornforth
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Tracee Cornforth is a freelance writer who covers menstruation, menstrual disorders, and other women's health issues. Learn about our editorial process
Tracee Cornforth
Medically reviewed by
Medically reviewed by Anita Sadaty, MD on July 19, 2019
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Anita Sadaty, MD, is a board-certified obstetrician-gynecologist at North Shore University Hospital and founder of Redefining Health Medical. Learn about our Medical Review Board
Anita Sadaty, MD
Updated on August 16, 2019
A vaginal yeast infection is a common and uncomfortable problem that most women will experience at least once. 1 It needs to be diagnosed by your doctor to rule out other causes of the symptoms, but it can usually be effectively treated with an over-the-counter product. For severe or frequent yeast infections, your doctor may prescribe a single-dose oral medication instead. There are many lifestyle changes you can make to help speed the clearing of an infection and prevent a recurrence. Verywell / Emily Roberts
Over-the-Counter Therapies
The OTC products available for vaginal yeast infections typically have one of four active ingredients: butoconazole, clotrimazole, miconazole, and tioconazole. These drugs are in the same anti-fungal family and work in similar ways to break down the cell wall of the Candida organism until it dissolves. These products are generally considered safe to use if you are pregnant. | https://www.verywell.com/getting-rid-of-yeast-infections-3521199 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1416529442#0_2824840955 | Title: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Headings: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Digestive Problems
Driving Ability
Energy Loss
Illness
Miscellaneous
Nervousness
Pain or Discomfort
Sleeping Too Little
Sleeping Too Much
Weight Gain
Weight Loss
Temperature-Related Discomfort
Coping With the Physical Effects of Grief
Stay Hydrated
Get Exercise
Eat Properly
Get Rest
Content: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Emotions
How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
By
Chris Raymond
Chris Raymond is an expert on funerals, grief, and end-of-life issues, as well as the former editor of the world’s most widely read magazine for funeral directors. Learn about our editorial process
Chris Raymond
Medically reviewed by
Medically reviewed by Daniel B. Block, MD on November 26, 2019
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Daniel B. Block, MD, is an award-winning, board-certified psychiatrist who operates a private practice in Pennsylvania. Learn about our Review Board
Daniel B. Block, MD
Updated on March 24, 2020
SasinParaksa / iStock
Many people mistakenly believe that grief is a single emotion, but normal grief is actually a powerful, multifaceted and often uncontrollable response that human beings experience following a personally painful or traumatic event, such as the death of a loved one. 1 In other words, grief can affect us not only emotionally but also physically, mentally, and even spiritually. 2
The loss of a loved one due to death plunges us unwillingly into a maelstrom of pain that often feels overwhelming and inescapable. During this time, common physical grief responses can include any of the following, individually or concurrently. 3
Digestive Problems
Often connected with the disruption to our normal eating habits or routines, the bereaved often experience temporary problems with their digestive systems, such as constipation, diarrhea, stomach pain, a "hollow feeling" in the stomach, queasiness, or feeling nauseated. Driving Ability
Sitting behind the wheel of a motor vehicle or riding a motorcycle requires tremendous concentration at all times, but those grappling with grief might experience impairment of these skills, whether realized or not. Such symptoms of impaired motor skills might include an inability to focus or concentrate; slower response time (s) to external stimuli or situations on the road; | https://www.verywell.com/headstone-symbols-anchor-3890830 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1416529442#1_2824843611 | Title: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Headings: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Digestive Problems
Driving Ability
Energy Loss
Illness
Miscellaneous
Nervousness
Pain or Discomfort
Sleeping Too Little
Sleeping Too Much
Weight Gain
Weight Loss
Temperature-Related Discomfort
Coping With the Physical Effects of Grief
Stay Hydrated
Get Exercise
Eat Properly
Get Rest
Content: During this time, common physical grief responses can include any of the following, individually or concurrently. 3
Digestive Problems
Often connected with the disruption to our normal eating habits or routines, the bereaved often experience temporary problems with their digestive systems, such as constipation, diarrhea, stomach pain, a "hollow feeling" in the stomach, queasiness, or feeling nauseated. Driving Ability
Sitting behind the wheel of a motor vehicle or riding a motorcycle requires tremendous concentration at all times, but those grappling with grief might experience impairment of these skills, whether realized or not. Such symptoms of impaired motor skills might include an inability to focus or concentrate; slower response time (s) to external stimuli or situations on the road; or unexpected emotional responses behind the wheel, such as tears or sobbing, that physically interfere with our driving ability. Energy Loss
Grief is hard work and, as noted above, takes a toll on our bodies. 4 For numerous reasons, including poor eating habits and disrupted sleep patterns, grievers often experience low energy levels, feelings of fatigue, or weakness in their muscles. Illness
The stress of losing a loved one to death and the subsequent grief can reduce or suppress your immune system, making you more susceptible to coming down with a cold or catching the flu. 5 In addition, those with an existing chronic health condition might experience a worsening of their symptoms. | https://www.verywell.com/headstone-symbols-anchor-3890830 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1416529442#2_2824845783 | Title: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Headings: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Digestive Problems
Driving Ability
Energy Loss
Illness
Miscellaneous
Nervousness
Pain or Discomfort
Sleeping Too Little
Sleeping Too Much
Weight Gain
Weight Loss
Temperature-Related Discomfort
Coping With the Physical Effects of Grief
Stay Hydrated
Get Exercise
Eat Properly
Get Rest
Content: or unexpected emotional responses behind the wheel, such as tears or sobbing, that physically interfere with our driving ability. Energy Loss
Grief is hard work and, as noted above, takes a toll on our bodies. 4 For numerous reasons, including poor eating habits and disrupted sleep patterns, grievers often experience low energy levels, feelings of fatigue, or weakness in their muscles. Illness
The stress of losing a loved one to death and the subsequent grief can reduce or suppress your immune system, making you more susceptible to coming down with a cold or catching the flu. 5 In addition, those with an existing chronic health condition might experience a worsening of their symptoms. 4
Miscellaneous
In addition to the physical effects you might experience when grieving a death, some mourners have also reported experiencing dry mouth, noise sensitivity, trembling or feeling shaky, tightness in the throat or chest, shortness of breath, and increased allergy symptoms. 3
Nervousness
Feeling nervous or anxious often manifests itself in physical ways, such as tapping your fingers, pacing back and forth, fidgetiness, an inability to sit and relax in one place for long, sweaty or clammy hands/feet, or feelings of tingling or numbness in those same extremities. Pain or Discomfort
Our bodies are truly miraculous and despite the many advances in science and medicine, we still don't fully understand the marvelous connectedness of the "human machine." We do know, however, that our brains can trigger genuine physical responses to real or imagined things we perceive, such as pain felt in a "phantom limb" after its amputation or pain while grieving. 6
Likewise, the experience of grieving a death can induce genuine feelings of pain or discomfort in our bodies, such as headaches or migraines, heart pain, heaviness in the limbs, aches in the neck, back, or skeletal joints, or overall muscular pain. | https://www.verywell.com/headstone-symbols-anchor-3890830 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1416529442#3_2824848393 | Title: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Headings: How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
How to Cope With the Physical Effects of Grief
Digestive Problems
Driving Ability
Energy Loss
Illness
Miscellaneous
Nervousness
Pain or Discomfort
Sleeping Too Little
Sleeping Too Much
Weight Gain
Weight Loss
Temperature-Related Discomfort
Coping With the Physical Effects of Grief
Stay Hydrated
Get Exercise
Eat Properly
Get Rest
Content: 4
Miscellaneous
In addition to the physical effects you might experience when grieving a death, some mourners have also reported experiencing dry mouth, noise sensitivity, trembling or feeling shaky, tightness in the throat or chest, shortness of breath, and increased allergy symptoms. 3
Nervousness
Feeling nervous or anxious often manifests itself in physical ways, such as tapping your fingers, pacing back and forth, fidgetiness, an inability to sit and relax in one place for long, sweaty or clammy hands/feet, or feelings of tingling or numbness in those same extremities. Pain or Discomfort
Our bodies are truly miraculous and despite the many advances in science and medicine, we still don't fully understand the marvelous connectedness of the "human machine." We do know, however, that our brains can trigger genuine physical responses to real or imagined things we perceive, such as pain felt in a "phantom limb" after its amputation or pain while grieving. 6
Likewise, the experience of grieving a death can induce genuine feelings of pain or discomfort in our bodies, such as headaches or migraines, heart pain, heaviness in the limbs, aches in the neck, back, or skeletal joints, or overall muscular pain. 7
In addition, one study found that people already at high cardiovascular risk might experience an increased risk of a heart attack in the days following the death of a significant person. 8
Sleeping Too Little
Trouble falling asleep at night or outright insomnia can deprive a grieving individual of the necessary recuperative benefits provided by a good night's sleep. 9
This lack of sleep can affect their appearance, such as creating puffiness in the face or bags/circles under the eyes, among other things. In addition, a lack of adequate sleep due to grief often affects an individual's physical coordination, brain/cognitive functionality and response, and blood pressure. Sleeping Too Much
While sleep is an essential daily human function, sleeping for too many hours at a time, or throughout the day, can actually sap your energy and leave you feeling lethargic. | https://www.verywell.com/headstone-symbols-anchor-3890830 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1417229949#2_2826547263 | Title: Prevention and Control of Asthma Attacks
Headings: How to Prevent an Asthma Attack
How to Prevent an Asthma Attack
Create an Asthma Action Plan
Avoid Triggers
Learn to Recognize Symptoms
Monitor Your Peak Flow
Use Medication as Directed
Take a Deep Breath
Know When to Get Help
A Word From Verywell
Content: Red
Your symptoms are dangerously severe and you should get emergency help right away. In terms of prevention, the action plan will identify all of your known triggers and ways to avoid them. It also will list your medications and how you should be taking them. Avoid Triggers
If you have allergic asthma, it means your symptoms are set off when you're exposed to certain substances. The allergens that trigger asthma are not the same for everyone—pollen might cause one person to wheeze, while another may be sensitive to pet dander. Steering clear of your triggers as best you can is an important aspect of asthma prevention. For example, if secondhand smoke causes your symptoms, ask anyone in your life who smokes to not light up in your home, and stay away from situations in which people are smoking. When it comes to indoor allergens, there are specific measures you can take to eliminate them. In December 2020, the National Institutes of Health (NIH) updated their guidelines for managing asthma and made specific recommendations regarding indoor allergen mitigation. New Asthma Guidelines Lessen Emphasis on Daily Inhaler Use
The first is to be certain you are allergic to an indoor allergen: | https://www.verywell.com/help-im-having-an-asthma-attack-200583 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1419815345#0_2833057255 | Title: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Headings: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Understanding Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
Mitochondrial
Other Inheritance Patterns
Y-Linked Disorders
Codominance
Content: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Rare Diseases
Genetic Disorders
How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Understanding Patterns of Inheritance
By
Cherie Berkley, MS
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Cherie Berkley is an award-winning journalist and multimedia storyteller covering health features for Verywell. Learn about our editorial process
Cherie Berkley, MS
Medically reviewed by
Medically reviewed by Elizabeth Molina Ortiz, MD, MPH on September 25, 2020
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Elizabeth Molina Ortiz, MD, MPH, is a board-certified specialist in family medicine and is the former medical director of a community health center. Learn about our Medical Review Board
Elizabeth Molina Ortiz, MD, MPH
on September 25, 2020
Table of Contents
View All
Table of Contents
Patterns of Inheritance
Genetic disorders are precisely what they sound like: Diseases caused by a mutation of a gene. When such diseases are inherited (rather than the result of a random mutation), it means they are passed along to a child from one or both parents according to a specific patterns of inheritance. These patterns are determined by the gene involved, whether only one or both parents have the gene, which chromosome it is on, and other factors. 1 The presence of a mutation doesn't always translate to the disease it's associated with. For example, Huntington's disease, breast cancer, and autoimmune diseases are associated with specific genes, but a person who inherits them won't necessarily develop these conditions. On the other hand, some genetic mutations, such as those linked to hemophilia, will always manifest the disorder. Furthermore, the environment can have an effect on the degree to which a gene mutation is expressed, which explains why in some cases family members with the same genetic mutation may experience an inherited disorder somewhat differently. | https://www.verywell.com/how-genetic-disorders-are-inherited-2860737 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1419815345#1_2833059644 | Title: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Headings: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Understanding Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
Mitochondrial
Other Inheritance Patterns
Y-Linked Disorders
Codominance
Content: These patterns are determined by the gene involved, whether only one or both parents have the gene, which chromosome it is on, and other factors. 1 The presence of a mutation doesn't always translate to the disease it's associated with. For example, Huntington's disease, breast cancer, and autoimmune diseases are associated with specific genes, but a person who inherits them won't necessarily develop these conditions. On the other hand, some genetic mutations, such as those linked to hemophilia, will always manifest the disorder. Furthermore, the environment can have an effect on the degree to which a gene mutation is expressed, which explains why in some cases family members with the same genetic mutation may experience an inherited disorder somewhat differently. 2
cdascher / Getty Images
Patterns of Inheritance
The various patterns of inheritance are attributed to the Austrian scientist Gregor Mendel, who discovered them while working with garden pea hybrids in the 1800s. Mendel sometimes is referred to as the father of modern genetics; likewise, the patterns of inheritance for single-gene diseases are often described as Mendelian. 3
According to Mendel's work, there are five distinct patterns of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and mitochondrial. | https://www.verywell.com/how-genetic-disorders-are-inherited-2860737 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1419815345#2_2833061545 | Title: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Headings: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Understanding Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
Mitochondrial
Other Inheritance Patterns
Y-Linked Disorders
Codominance
Content: 2
cdascher / Getty Images
Patterns of Inheritance
The various patterns of inheritance are attributed to the Austrian scientist Gregor Mendel, who discovered them while working with garden pea hybrids in the 1800s. Mendel sometimes is referred to as the father of modern genetics; likewise, the patterns of inheritance for single-gene diseases are often described as Mendelian. 3
According to Mendel's work, there are five distinct patterns of inheritance: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and mitochondrial. Two primary factors influence the likelihood a person will inherit a genetic disorder: Whether one copy of the mutated gene (from either parent) is passed down or whether two copies (one from both parents) are passed down
Whether the mutation is on one of the sex chromosomes (X or Y) or on one of 22 other pairs of non-sex chromosomes (called autosomes)
Learn How and Why Chromosomal Abnormalities Occur
Autosomal Dominant
In autosomal dominant disorders, only one copy of a mutated gene is necessary and males and females are equally likely to be affected. Children who have a parent who has an autosomal dominant disorder have a 50% risk of inheriting the disorder. Sometimes, however, these disorders result from a new mutation and happen in people with no family history. 4 Examples of autosomal dominant disorders include Huntington's disease and Marfan syndrome. | https://www.verywell.com/how-genetic-disorders-are-inherited-2860737 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1419815345#3_2833063545 | Title: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Headings: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Understanding Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
Mitochondrial
Other Inheritance Patterns
Y-Linked Disorders
Codominance
Content: Two primary factors influence the likelihood a person will inherit a genetic disorder: Whether one copy of the mutated gene (from either parent) is passed down or whether two copies (one from both parents) are passed down
Whether the mutation is on one of the sex chromosomes (X or Y) or on one of 22 other pairs of non-sex chromosomes (called autosomes)
Learn How and Why Chromosomal Abnormalities Occur
Autosomal Dominant
In autosomal dominant disorders, only one copy of a mutated gene is necessary and males and females are equally likely to be affected. Children who have a parent who has an autosomal dominant disorder have a 50% risk of inheriting the disorder. Sometimes, however, these disorders result from a new mutation and happen in people with no family history. 4 Examples of autosomal dominant disorders include Huntington's disease and Marfan syndrome. Genetic Testing for Huntington's Disease
Autosomal Recessive
In autosomal recessive disorders, both copies of a mutated gene—one from each parent—are present. A person with only one copy will be a carrier. Carriers will not have any signs or symptoms of the disorder. They can, however, pass the mutation to their children. If families in which both parents carry the mutation for an autosomal recessive disorder, the odds of the children having the disorder are as follows: | https://www.verywell.com/how-genetic-disorders-are-inherited-2860737 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1419815345#4_2833065459 | Title: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Headings: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Understanding Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
Mitochondrial
Other Inheritance Patterns
Y-Linked Disorders
Codominance
Content: Genetic Testing for Huntington's Disease
Autosomal Recessive
In autosomal recessive disorders, both copies of a mutated gene—one from each parent—are present. A person with only one copy will be a carrier. Carriers will not have any signs or symptoms of the disorder. They can, however, pass the mutation to their children. If families in which both parents carry the mutation for an autosomal recessive disorder, the odds of the children having the disorder are as follows: 5
25% risk of inheriting both mutations and having the disorder
50% risk of inheriting only one copy and becoming a carrier
25% risk of not inheriting the mutation at all
Examples of autosomal recessive disorders include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, Tay-Sachs disease, and phenylketonuria (PKU). Living With Sickle Cell Disease
X-Linked Dominant
X-linked dominant disorders are caused by mutations in genes on the X (female) chromosome. In females, who have two X chromosomes, it takes a mutation in only one of the two copies of the gene for a disorder to manifest. In males (who have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome), a mutation in only one copy of the gene in each cell is enough to cause the disorder. Most times, males have more severe symptoms of an X-link disorder than females. | https://www.verywell.com/how-genetic-disorders-are-inherited-2860737 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1419815345#5_2833067306 | Title: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Headings: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Understanding Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
Mitochondrial
Other Inheritance Patterns
Y-Linked Disorders
Codominance
Content: 5
25% risk of inheriting both mutations and having the disorder
50% risk of inheriting only one copy and becoming a carrier
25% risk of not inheriting the mutation at all
Examples of autosomal recessive disorders include cystic fibrosis, sickle cell disease, Tay-Sachs disease, and phenylketonuria (PKU). Living With Sickle Cell Disease
X-Linked Dominant
X-linked dominant disorders are caused by mutations in genes on the X (female) chromosome. In females, who have two X chromosomes, it takes a mutation in only one of the two copies of the gene for a disorder to manifest. In males (who have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome), a mutation in only one copy of the gene in each cell is enough to cause the disorder. Most times, males have more severe symptoms of an X-link disorder than females. However, one feature of X-linked inheritance is that fathers cannot pass on these traits to their sons. Fragile X syndrome is an example of an X-linked dominant disorder. X-Linked Recessive
In X-linked recessive disorders, the mutated gene occurs on the X chromosome. Because males have one X chromosome and one Y chromosome, a mutated gene on the X chromosome is enough to cause an X-linked recessive disorder. Females, by contrast, have two X chromosomes, so a mutated gene on one X chromosome usually has less effect on a female because the non-mutated copy on the other largely cancels out the effect. | https://www.verywell.com/how-genetic-disorders-are-inherited-2860737 |
msmarco_v2.1_doc_56_1419815345#8_2833072615 | Title: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Headings: How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
How Genetic Disorders Are Inherited
Understanding Patterns of Inheritance
Patterns of Inheritance
Autosomal Dominant
Autosomal Recessive
X-Linked Dominant
X-Linked Recessive
Mitochondrial
Other Inheritance Patterns
Y-Linked Disorders
Codominance
Content: A mutation of that DNA is responsible for mitochondrial disorders . Mitochondrial disorders are passed down from mothers: Only females can share mitochondrial mutations with their offspring because egg cells contribute mitochondria to the developing embryo; sperm cells do not. 6
Conditions resulting from mutations in mitochondrial DNA can appear in every generation of a family and can affect both males and females. An example of a mitochondrial inherited disorder is Leber hereditary optic neuropathy, a form of sudden vision loss. 7
Signs of Neurological Mitochondrial Disorders
Other Inheritance Patterns
In addition the the five maine patterns of inheritance there are a few others sometimes recognized by geneticists. Y-Linked Disorders
Because only males have a Y chromosome, only males can be affected by and pass on Y-linked disorders. All sons of a man with a Y-linked disorder will inherit the condition from their father. Some examples of Y-linked disorders are Y chromosome infertility and cases of Swyer syndrome in which a male's testicles do not develop normally 8 .
Codominance
Codominant inheritance involves a relationship between two versions of a gene. | https://www.verywell.com/how-genetic-disorders-are-inherited-2860737 |
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