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75,550,589 | Second Sight (novel) | Second Sight (1986) is a novel by Australian writer Janine Burke. It was originally published by Greenhouse Publications in Australia in 1986.
Marion Halligan, writing in The Canberra Times, compared this novel with the author's first and found this to be a "sharper, briefer, more elliptical narrative, the story of one woman encountering death and depression, and weathering the experience, largely through the intervention of a magically mysterious couple who carry her off to Tuscany." Halligan concluded that the author "can use words with the sharpness and freshness and immediacy of an Impressionist painting..It is this liveliness, and not the portentousness of death, doom, despair, that gives us glimpses of the real writer that Janine Burke is in the process of becoming."
After its original publication in 1986 in Australia by publisher Greenhouse Publications the novel was later reprinted as follows: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Second Sight (1986) is a novel by Australian writer Janine Burke. It was originally published by Greenhouse Publications in Australia in 1986.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Marion Halligan, writing in The Canberra Times, compared this novel with the author's first and found this to be a \"sharper, briefer, more elliptical narrative, the story of one woman encountering death and depression, and weathering the experience, largely through the intervention of a magically mysterious couple who carry her off to Tuscany.\" Halligan concluded that the author \"can use words with the sharpness and freshness and immediacy of an Impressionist painting..It is this liveliness, and not the portentousness of death, doom, despair, that gives us glimpses of the real writer that Janine Burke is in the process of becoming.\"",
"title": "Critical reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After its original publication in 1986 in Australia by publisher Greenhouse Publications the novel was later reprinted as follows:",
"title": "Publication history"
}
] | Second Sight (1986) is a novel by Australian writer Janine Burke. It was originally published by Greenhouse Publications in Australia in 1986. | 2023-12-13T04:25:54Z | 2023-12-13T04:25:54Z | [
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75,550,603 | David.baszucki | [] | REDIRECT [[David Baszucki] | 2023-12-13T04:28:14Z | 2023-12-13T04:28:14Z | [] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David.baszucki |
|
75,550,611 | Djebok ambush | On July 10, 2017, French and Malian forces ambushed jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin near Djebok, Mali.
Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin formed in early 2017 as a coalition of five jihadist groups that rebelled against the Malian government in 2012. During the French intervention in Mali, Franco-Malian forces conducted searches across the country routinely to spot jihadists.
A vehicle carrying armed men was spotted by two French helicopters during a reconnaissance mission near Djebok on July 10. The jihadists opened fire on the aircraft, so the French forces shot back. Four groups of Malian commandos were deployed to the area, with the French and Malian armies countering the jihadists.
The French army stated that two heavily armed pick-ups were destroyed in the fighting, and that several jihadists were neutralized. In a follow-up press release, the Malian army stated on July 13 that a dozen jihadists were killed in the ambush in Djebok, along with one jihadist killed in a separate incident in Talataye. | [
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"text": "On July 10, 2017, French and Malian forces ambushed jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin near Djebok, Mali.",
"title": ""
},
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin formed in early 2017 as a coalition of five jihadist groups that rebelled against the Malian government in 2012. During the French intervention in Mali, Franco-Malian forces conducted searches across the country routinely to spot jihadists.",
"title": "Prelude"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A vehicle carrying armed men was spotted by two French helicopters during a reconnaissance mission near Djebok on July 10. The jihadists opened fire on the aircraft, so the French forces shot back. Four groups of Malian commandos were deployed to the area, with the French and Malian armies countering the jihadists.",
"title": "Ambush"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The French army stated that two heavily armed pick-ups were destroyed in the fighting, and that several jihadists were neutralized. In a follow-up press release, the Malian army stated on July 13 that a dozen jihadists were killed in the ambush in Djebok, along with one jihadist killed in a separate incident in Talataye.",
"title": "Aftermath"
}
] | On July 10, 2017, French and Malian forces ambushed jihadists from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin near Djebok, Mali. | 2023-12-13T04:29:56Z | 2023-12-15T09:09:06Z | [
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75,550,668 | Jaan Kurn | Jaan Kurn (April 13, 1893 – March 30, 1981) was an Estonian teacher, poet, and translator.
Kurn was born on the Patsi farm in the village of Metsakuru, Kärstna Parish, in the Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire (now in the village of Veisjärve), the son of the cottager Jaan Kurn (c. 1851–?) and Kadri Kurn (née Naestema, 1865–?). He attended Kärstna Ministerial School. From 1910 to 1914 he studied at Tartu Teacher Training College [et], and then from 1917 to 1920 at the Kherson Pedagogical Institute in southern Ukraine. The poet Hendrik Adamson—the son of the property owner's daughter—was born in the same house.
Alongside his work as a teacher, Jaan Kurn wrote poems under the name Ralf Rond. His first collection, 27, was published in Narva in 1923 and caused extensive controversy in the press. Accused of indecency, the author was fined in 1926 and the book was ordered to be destroyed. Ralf Rond's verses with their atheistic orientation, robust expression, and futuristic lines were influenced by the young Vladimir Mayakovsky, as well as August Alle and Henrik Visnapuu, and they criticize the moral laxity during and after the war. Ralf Rond's sentimental early verses were published in the collection Liblikad in Narva in 1925. In the poetry collection Naine (Narva, 1926) he continued his robust and sarcastic style, and his contemporary satire increased. His protest verses were published in the newspaper Uus Edasi in 1929 and elsewhere. From them, he compiled his fourth collection of poems, Nälg, which was not published because he could not find a publisher. Ralf Rond was the first to introduce and translate Vladimir Mayakovsky in Estonia. He also translated Mayakovsky's A Cloud in Trousers (Narva, 1930). In the 1920s, he published articles on literary issues, and at the end of his life he wrote a book of memoirs, Minu eluraamatu helgeid ja tumedaid lehekülgi (Light and Dark Pages of My Life's Book), which has remained in manuscript.
During the interwar period, Kurn was a member of the Labor Party. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jaan Kurn (April 13, 1893 – March 30, 1981) was an Estonian teacher, poet, and translator.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Kurn was born on the Patsi farm in the village of Metsakuru, Kärstna Parish, in the Governorate of Livonia, Russian Empire (now in the village of Veisjärve), the son of the cottager Jaan Kurn (c. 1851–?) and Kadri Kurn (née Naestema, 1865–?). He attended Kärstna Ministerial School. From 1910 to 1914 he studied at Tartu Teacher Training College [et], and then from 1917 to 1920 at the Kherson Pedagogical Institute in southern Ukraine. The poet Hendrik Adamson—the son of the property owner's daughter—was born in the same house.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Alongside his work as a teacher, Jaan Kurn wrote poems under the name Ralf Rond. His first collection, 27, was published in Narva in 1923 and caused extensive controversy in the press. Accused of indecency, the author was fined in 1926 and the book was ordered to be destroyed. Ralf Rond's verses with their atheistic orientation, robust expression, and futuristic lines were influenced by the young Vladimir Mayakovsky, as well as August Alle and Henrik Visnapuu, and they criticize the moral laxity during and after the war. Ralf Rond's sentimental early verses were published in the collection Liblikad in Narva in 1925. In the poetry collection Naine (Narva, 1926) he continued his robust and sarcastic style, and his contemporary satire increased. His protest verses were published in the newspaper Uus Edasi in 1929 and elsewhere. From them, he compiled his fourth collection of poems, Nälg, which was not published because he could not find a publisher. Ralf Rond was the first to introduce and translate Vladimir Mayakovsky in Estonia. He also translated Mayakovsky's A Cloud in Trousers (Narva, 1930). In the 1920s, he published articles on literary issues, and at the end of his life he wrote a book of memoirs, Minu eluraamatu helgeid ja tumedaid lehekülgi (Light and Dark Pages of My Life's Book), which has remained in manuscript.",
"title": "Poetry"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "During the interwar period, Kurn was a member of the Labor Party.",
"title": "Political activity"
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] | Jaan Kurn was an Estonian teacher, poet, and translator. | 2023-12-13T04:38:30Z | 2023-12-15T06:45:08Z | [
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75,550,688 | Shanthi Kalathil | Shanthi Kalathil (born in 1972) is an American foreign policy analyst, international affairs practitioner, human rights advocate, and former journalist, currently serving as a Washington D.C.-based senior fellow at the University of Southern California (USC)'s Center on Communication Leadership and Policy. She was formerly Deputy Assistant to the President and Coordinator for Democracy and Human Rights at the White House National Security Council during the Biden Administration.
Kalathil holds a B.A. in communications from the University of California, Berkeley and a M.Sc. in comparative politics from the London School of Economics and Political Science.
In the late 1990s, Kalathil was a staff reporter for the Wall Street Journal Asia, based in Hong Kong. She joined the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace as an associate in 2000. Her research focused on the role of information and technology in international affairs.
From 2004 to 2006, Kalathil was a senior democracy fellow at the US Agency for International Development (USAID). She also worked for the World Bank as a consultant on media and development.
Kalathil joined the NSC in January 2021 as Deputy Assistant to the President and Coordinator for Democracy and Human Rights, after serving as Senior Director at the National Endowment for Democracy's International Forum for Democratic Studies. During her tenure, she was the lead organizer of the inaugural Summit for Democracy. In February 2022, she left the NSC and started private practice before joining USC's Center on Communication Leadership and Policy as a DC-based senior fellow in April 2023, leading the expansion of the Center's portfolio on the intersections of democratic development, the information environment, and national security.
Kalathil is a board member of the National Democratic Institute and Radio Free Asia, which she described as having “filled a critical role in combating Chinese disinformation and providing timely news to millions in Asia who would otherwise be in the dark."
In a 2022 article for the Brown Journal of International Affairs, Kalathil wrote: "As a nation with immense information resources, the United States should be studying and perhaps copying from relevant examples, doing all it can to utilize its own touted soft power. Ultimately, policymakers should bear in mind that if America does not effectively craft its image in a globalizing, information-rich world, there are others more than happy to take up the task-with the potential for significantly different results."
In her testimony to a 2018 House Foreign Affairs Committee Asia Subcommittee hearing on U.S. responses to China's influence operations, Kalathil said: "A rising China has increasingly been able to wield influence that chills free expression within democracies around the world. Successfully controlling political speech and expression at home has morphed into a broader approach that seeks to manipulate, suppress and surveil expression and the free exchange of ideas outside China’s borders." She continued: "The CCP uses its unique carrots (including investments and market or other forms of access) in combination with its sticks (including denial of market and other forms of access, investment, or visas; and using pressure points on individuals and/or institutions) to create a foundation for its influence."
Kalathil was raised in the US. Her parents are of Indian and Taiwanese descent. She is married to Jon Wolfsthal. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Shanthi Kalathil (born in 1972) is an American foreign policy analyst, international affairs practitioner, human rights advocate, and former journalist, currently serving as a Washington D.C.-based senior fellow at the University of Southern California (USC)'s Center on Communication Leadership and Policy. She was formerly Deputy Assistant to the President and Coordinator for Democracy and Human Rights at the White House National Security Council during the Biden Administration.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Kalathil holds a B.A. in communications from the University of California, Berkeley and a M.Sc. in comparative politics from the London School of Economics and Political Science.",
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"text": "In the late 1990s, Kalathil was a staff reporter for the Wall Street Journal Asia, based in Hong Kong. She joined the Carnegie Endowment for International Peace as an associate in 2000. Her research focused on the role of information and technology in international affairs.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
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"text": "From 2004 to 2006, Kalathil was a senior democracy fellow at the US Agency for International Development (USAID). She also worked for the World Bank as a consultant on media and development.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Kalathil joined the NSC in January 2021 as Deputy Assistant to the President and Coordinator for Democracy and Human Rights, after serving as Senior Director at the National Endowment for Democracy's International Forum for Democratic Studies. During her tenure, she was the lead organizer of the inaugural Summit for Democracy. In February 2022, she left the NSC and started private practice before joining USC's Center on Communication Leadership and Policy as a DC-based senior fellow in April 2023, leading the expansion of the Center's portfolio on the intersections of democratic development, the information environment, and national security.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Kalathil is a board member of the National Democratic Institute and Radio Free Asia, which she described as having “filled a critical role in combating Chinese disinformation and providing timely news to millions in Asia who would otherwise be in the dark.\"",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In a 2022 article for the Brown Journal of International Affairs, Kalathil wrote: \"As a nation with immense information resources, the United States should be studying and perhaps copying from relevant examples, doing all it can to utilize its own touted soft power. Ultimately, policymakers should bear in mind that if America does not effectively craft its image in a globalizing, information-rich world, there are others more than happy to take up the task-with the potential for significantly different results.\"",
"title": "Views on diplomacy and democracy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In her testimony to a 2018 House Foreign Affairs Committee Asia Subcommittee hearing on U.S. responses to China's influence operations, Kalathil said: \"A rising China has increasingly been able to wield influence that chills free expression within democracies around the world. Successfully controlling political speech and expression at home has morphed into a broader approach that seeks to manipulate, suppress and surveil expression and the free exchange of ideas outside China’s borders.\" She continued: \"The CCP uses its unique carrots (including investments and market or other forms of access) in combination with its sticks (including denial of market and other forms of access, investment, or visas; and using pressure points on individuals and/or institutions) to create a foundation for its influence.\"",
"title": "Views on diplomacy and democracy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Kalathil was raised in the US. Her parents are of Indian and Taiwanese descent. She is married to Jon Wolfsthal.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Shanthi Kalathil is an American foreign policy analyst, international affairs practitioner, human rights advocate, and former journalist, currently serving as a Washington D.C.-based senior fellow at the University of Southern California (USC)'s Center on Communication Leadership and Policy. She was formerly Deputy Assistant to the President and Coordinator for Democracy and Human Rights at the White House National Security Council during the Biden Administration. | 2023-12-13T04:45:17Z | 2023-12-26T19:56:32Z | [
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75,550,694 | NTPC Port Blair Solar Power Plant | NTPC Port Blair Solar Power Plant is a photovoltaic power station of NTPC Limited in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India.
The plant was conceptualized in 2011, and its project design document (PDD) was ratified by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2012.
In 2018, the 5 MW plant was commissioned and it became the "first grid-connected solar photovoltaic project" in the Andaman Islands. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "NTPC Port Blair Solar Power Plant is a photovoltaic power station of NTPC Limited in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The plant was conceptualized in 2011, and its project design document (PDD) was ratified by the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change in 2012.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2018, the 5 MW plant was commissioned and it became the \"first grid-connected solar photovoltaic project\" in the Andaman Islands.",
"title": "History"
}
] | NTPC Port Blair Solar Power Plant is a photovoltaic power station of NTPC Limited in Port Blair, Andaman and Nicobar Islands of India. | 2023-12-13T04:45:42Z | 2023-12-17T12:34:11Z | [
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75,550,771 | Orli Markman | Orly Markman (Hebrew: אורלי מרקמן; born 1969) is an IDF officer with the rank of Aluf (Major General), currently serving as the President of the Military Court of Appeals. In February 2022, she was promoted to the rank of Aluf, becoming the third woman in IDF history to receive this rank, following Orna Barbivai and Yifat Tomer-Yerushalmi, and the first to serve as the President of the Military Court of Appeals.
Markman was born in Israel. She grew up in Neighborhood B in Be'er Sheva, attended the "Yaelim" and "Netivot Yoram" schools, and graduated from Comprehensive High School D in the city.
She enlisted in the IDF as part of the Atuda, in 1991, completed a bachelor's degree in law from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1993, she was certified as a lawyer after completing an internship in the military prosecution. In 1999, she graduated with distinction with a master's degree in law from Tel Aviv University.
Markman served as a military prosecutor in the Gaza Strip area, as an assistant to the Chief Military Advocate, as the advocate for the Air Force and Navy, and as a senior assistant to the Chief Military Prosecutor.
In 2000, she was appointed as a judge in the Southern Command and Ground Forces District Military Court. In 2009, she was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and appointed as the president of the court. In 2010, she was appointed as the president of the IDF and Home Front District Military Court. In 2013, she additionally became the president of the Special Military Court that deals with senior officers and indictments carrying a death sentence. In November 2016, she was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General and in January 2017, after serving in an acting capacity for several months, she was appointed as a judge and deputy president of the Military Court of Appeals.
In February 2022, she was promoted to the rank of Aluf (Major General) and appointed as the President of the Military Court of Appeals.
Markman is married to attorney Gilad Markman, and they have four children. She resides in Rehovot. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Orly Markman (Hebrew: אורלי מרקמן; born 1969) is an IDF officer with the rank of Aluf (Major General), currently serving as the President of the Military Court of Appeals. In February 2022, she was promoted to the rank of Aluf, becoming the third woman in IDF history to receive this rank, following Orna Barbivai and Yifat Tomer-Yerushalmi, and the first to serve as the President of the Military Court of Appeals.",
"title": ""
},
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"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "She enlisted in the IDF as part of the Atuda, in 1991, completed a bachelor's degree in law from the Hebrew University of Jerusalem. In 1993, she was certified as a lawyer after completing an internship in the military prosecution. In 1999, she graduated with distinction with a master's degree in law from Tel Aviv University.",
"title": "Biography"
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"text": "Markman served as a military prosecutor in the Gaza Strip area, as an assistant to the Chief Military Advocate, as the advocate for the Air Force and Navy, and as a senior assistant to the Chief Military Prosecutor.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 2000, she was appointed as a judge in the Southern Command and Ground Forces District Military Court. In 2009, she was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and appointed as the president of the court. In 2010, she was appointed as the president of the IDF and Home Front District Military Court. In 2013, she additionally became the president of the Special Military Court that deals with senior officers and indictments carrying a death sentence. In November 2016, she was promoted to the rank of Brigadier General and in January 2017, after serving in an acting capacity for several months, she was appointed as a judge and deputy president of the Military Court of Appeals.",
"title": "Biography"
},
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"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Markman is married to attorney Gilad Markman, and they have four children. She resides in Rehovot.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Orly Markman is an IDF officer with the rank of Aluf, currently serving as the President of the Military Court of Appeals. In February 2022, she was promoted to the rank of Aluf, becoming the third woman in IDF history to receive this rank, following Orna Barbivai and Yifat Tomer-Yerushalmi, and the first to serve as the President of the Military Court of Appeals. | 2023-12-13T04:51:52Z | 2023-12-17T17:42:37Z | [
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75,550,841 | KTU 1.41 | KTU 1.41 or The Ugaritic Vintage Rites (CAT 1.87 COS 1.95) describe the most extensive Ugaritic ritual we know. It may have been a new year event. Twice-attested, it was likely canon. It's something of a new moon, New Year occasion like the Hebrew Feast of Wine. The "Lady of the temples" refers to the goddess, but as written it could also entail giving respect to the human priestess of her house.
1 In the month of Rišn
2 On to the new moon, cutting the grape cluster
3 To Il - šlmm offerings
4 On the thirteenth, the pure king bathes himself
5 On the fourteenth: First of the tribute
6 And two small animals for the Lady of the temples,
7 Birds for the staff of gods,
1 b yrh . riš yn . b ym . hdt]
2 šmtr . [utkl . il . šlmm]
3 b tltt 'šrt[ . yrths . mlk . brr]
4 b arb't [. 'šrt . riš . argmn]
5 w tn šm . l[ b'lt . bhtm . 'srm . l inš]
6 ilm . wšdd . ilš š . ilhm . mlk
7 ytb . brr [.] w mhy x w qra
8 ym . 'lm . y'rb t
9 k 'gml [.]xs . w [.] x x [ dqtm]
10 w yn[t . q]rt . y'db l 'nt ] | [
{
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"text": "KTU 1.41 or The Ugaritic Vintage Rites (CAT 1.87 COS 1.95) describe the most extensive Ugaritic ritual we know. It may have been a new year event. Twice-attested, it was likely canon. It's something of a new moon, New Year occasion like the Hebrew Feast of Wine. The \"Lady of the temples\" refers to the goddess, but as written it could also entail giving respect to the human priestess of her house.",
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},
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"text": "1 b yrh . riš yn . b ym . hdt]",
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},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "2 šmtr . [utkl . il . šlmm]",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "3 b tltt 'šrt[ . yrths . mlk . brr]",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "4 b arb't [. 'šrt . riš . argmn]",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "5 w tn šm . l[ b'lt . bhtm . 'srm . l inš]",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "6 ilm . wšdd . ilš š . ilhm . mlk",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "7 ytb . brr [.] w mhy x w qra",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "8 ym . 'lm . y'rb t",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "9 k 'gml [.]xs . w [.] x x [ dqtm]",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "10 w yn[t . q]rt . y'db l 'nt ]",
"title": ""
}
] | KTU 1.41 or The Ugaritic Vintage Rites describe the most extensive Ugaritic ritual we know. It may have been a new year event. Twice-attested, it was likely canon. It's something of a new moon, New Year occasion like the Hebrew Feast of Wine. The "Lady of the temples" refers to the goddess, but as written it could also entail giving respect to the human priestess of her house. 1 In the month of Rišn 2 On to the new moon, cutting the grape cluster 3 To Il - šlmm offerings 4 On the thirteenth, the pure king bathes himself 5 On the fourteenth: First of the tribute 6 And two small animals for the Lady of the temples, 7 Birds for the staff of gods, 1 b yrh. riš yn. b ym. hdt] 2 šmtr. [utkl. il. šlmm] 3 b tltt 'šrt[. yrths. mlk. brr] 4 b arb't [. 'šrt. riš. argmn] 5 w tn šm. l[ b'lt. bhtm. 'srm. l inš] 6 ilm. wšdd . ilš š. ilhm. mlk 7 ytb. brr
[.] w mhy x w qra 8 ym. 'lm. y'rb t 9 k 'gml [.]xs. w [.] x x [ dqtm] 10 w yn[t. q]rt. y'db l 'nt ] | 2023-12-13T04:55:49Z | 2023-12-19T03:54:17Z | [
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75,550,873 | Against the Storm (video game) | Against the Storm is a 2023 city-building video game developed by Eremite Games and published by Hooded Horse. Unlike traditional city-building games, it incorporates elements of roguelite games and has a short playtime with goals players must achieve.
The game is set in a fantasy world eternally ravaged by the "Blightstorm". The only safe haven in this world is the Smoldering City, ruled by the Scorched Queen. Occasionally, the storm subsides and the Scorched Queen sends her viceroys to establish settlements with the purpose of gathering supplies for the Smoldering City until the Blightstorm hits again, destroying all settlements in the process.
When the storm subsides, players are tasked with building villages near the last standing city. These villages attempt to push back an enchanted forest that corrupts anything in it. Players must gather resources from the forest and craft them into goods, such as food and fuel. The maps, resources, population, and available buildings are all procedurally generated. Each village is given tasks it must complete, which can be complicated by the lack of easy access to required resources. Unhappy villagers may abandon the village. If players maintain villagers' happiness and complete the tasks, they gain reputation. Reputation must reach a certain point before time runs out, and the Queen recalls players to her city. Like modern roguelite games, players retain unlocked abilities, which can be used to make building the next village easier. Once several villages have been built, the forest destroys them, and a new map is generated.
Hooded Horse released Against the Storm for Windows on December 8, 2023.
Against the Storm received "universal acclaim" on Metacritic. Rock Paper Shotgun praised its combination of city-building and roguelite elements, which they found surprisingly compatible. They also enjoyed how the cities have definite goals for success and a brief playing time of about an hour, unlike traditional city-building games. They concluded that it is "one of this year’s best" and designated it a "Bestest Best". Ars Technica likened it to a "rogue-ultralite" for its coziness and praised the depth, strategic options, and replayability. Sports Illustrated praised what they felt was "a unique blend of genres" and said it condenses the best parts of city-building games into a short and addictive experience. PCGamesN said it has "a brilliant mix of roguelike, strategy, and small-scale city building". | [
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},
{
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{
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"text": "When the storm subsides, players are tasked with building villages near the last standing city. These villages attempt to push back an enchanted forest that corrupts anything in it. Players must gather resources from the forest and craft them into goods, such as food and fuel. The maps, resources, population, and available buildings are all procedurally generated. Each village is given tasks it must complete, which can be complicated by the lack of easy access to required resources. Unhappy villagers may abandon the village. If players maintain villagers' happiness and complete the tasks, they gain reputation. Reputation must reach a certain point before time runs out, and the Queen recalls players to her city. Like modern roguelite games, players retain unlocked abilities, which can be used to make building the next village easier. Once several villages have been built, the forest destroys them, and a new map is generated.",
"title": "Gameplay"
},
{
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"text": "Hooded Horse released Against the Storm for Windows on December 8, 2023.",
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},
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"text": "Against the Storm received \"universal acclaim\" on Metacritic. Rock Paper Shotgun praised its combination of city-building and roguelite elements, which they found surprisingly compatible. They also enjoyed how the cities have definite goals for success and a brief playing time of about an hour, unlike traditional city-building games. They concluded that it is \"one of this year’s best\" and designated it a \"Bestest Best\". Ars Technica likened it to a \"rogue-ultralite\" for its coziness and praised the depth, strategic options, and replayability. Sports Illustrated praised what they felt was \"a unique blend of genres\" and said it condenses the best parts of city-building games into a short and addictive experience. PCGamesN said it has \"a brilliant mix of roguelike, strategy, and small-scale city building\".",
"title": "Reception"
}
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75,550,875 | Arduous | [] | 2023-12-13T04:59:52Z | 2023-12-13T04:59:52Z | [
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||
75,550,888 | 2006–07 in Ukrainian football | The 2006–07 season was the 16th season of competitive association football in Ukraine since dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details
Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details
2007 Vyshcha Liha (women) | [
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"text": "2007 Vyshcha Liha (women)",
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75,550,912 | Against the Storm | Against the Storm can refer to | [
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Against the Storm | 2023-12-13T05:06:20Z | 2023-12-13T23:46:24Z | [
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75,550,928 | 2024 in Seychelles | Events in the year 2024 in Seychelles.
Source: | [
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"text": "Events in the year 2024 in Seychelles.",
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] | Events in the year 2024 in Seychelles. | 2023-12-13T05:12:21Z | 2023-12-13T05:12:21Z | [
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75,550,942 | Meenakshi Singh | Meenakshi Singh (born 26 January 1989) is an Indian politician and a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, representing the Khurja Assembly constituency. She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. | [
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] | Meenakshi Singh is an Indian politician and a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Assembly, representing the Khurja Assembly constituency. She is a member of the Bharatiya Janata Party. | 2023-12-13T05:13:48Z | 2023-12-18T04:05:11Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meenakshi_Singh |
75,550,975 | Cumulation | [] | 2023-12-13T05:18:48Z | 2023-12-13T05:18:48Z | [
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75,551,007 | Ane Elexpuru | Ane Elexpuru Añorga (born 2 May 2003) is a Spanish footballer who plays as a right back or right winger for Athletic Club.
Elexpuru joined Athletic Club's academy from Bizkerre in 2018, aged 15. She was immediately assigned to the B-team and was a regular in the side for the next five seasons, amassing well over 100 appearances in the second tier (her expected progression to the main squad was delayed mainly due to the good form of Ane Azkona and Oihane Hernández in the right-sided positions). She also continued to pursue her education, attending the University of the Basque Country to study teaching.
She made her professional debut in the Liga F as a starter against Real Madrid Femenino in October 2022, aged 19; she was mainly used as a substitute in the 2022–23 Liga F campaign, continuing to feature for the reserves in around half of their fixtures. Ahead of the 2023–24 Liga F, with Oihane having moved on to Real Madrid, Elexpuru was promoted officially to the main squad.
Elexpuru made her debut for the Spain under-17 team in 2019 against Slovakia, one of four appearances that year. After a hiatus due to restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, she was first capped at under-19 level in October 2021. She became a regular in the team and was a member of the squads which won the 2022 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship in the Czech Republic (scoring in a win over the hosts then in the final against Norway) followed by the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Costa Rica (alongside clubmates Clara Pinedo and Maite Zubieta). | [
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"title": "Club career"
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"text": "She made her professional debut in the Liga F as a starter against Real Madrid Femenino in October 2022, aged 19; she was mainly used as a substitute in the 2022–23 Liga F campaign, continuing to feature for the reserves in around half of their fixtures. Ahead of the 2023–24 Liga F, with Oihane having moved on to Real Madrid, Elexpuru was promoted officially to the main squad.",
"title": "Club career"
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"text": "Elexpuru made her debut for the Spain under-17 team in 2019 against Slovakia, one of four appearances that year. After a hiatus due to restrictions of the COVID-19 pandemic, she was first capped at under-19 level in October 2021. She became a regular in the team and was a member of the squads which won the 2022 UEFA Women's Under-19 Championship in the Czech Republic (scoring in a win over the hosts then in the final against Norway) followed by the 2022 FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup in Costa Rica (alongside clubmates Clara Pinedo and Maite Zubieta).",
"title": "International career"
}
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75,551,013 | 2005–06 in Ukrainian football | The 2005–06 season was the 15th season of competitive association football in Ukraine since dissolution of the Soviet Union.
Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details
Note: For all scratched clubs, see section Clubs removed for more details
2006 Vyshcha Liha (women) | [
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"text": "2006 Vyshcha Liha (women)",
"title": "Women's club football"
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75,551,056 | Hawkesbury River (disambiguation) | The Hawkesbury River is a river in New South Wales, Australia
It may also refer to: | [
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Hawkesbury River railway station
Hawkesbury River Road Bridge
Brooklyn, New South Wales, a village in NSW, Australia sometimes referred to as Hawkesbury River and served by the aforementioned station
Hawkesbury River Ferries, a defunct ferry company | 2023-12-13T05:33:53Z | 2023-12-13T05:39:35Z | [
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75,551,061 | Bitkey | Bitkey is a Bitcoin cryptocurrency hardware wallet created by Block, Inc., which is owned by Jack Dorsey. Bitkey's physical device is reported to be shipped in early 2024 in 95 countries, priced USD$150. It uses a three-tier security system and supports cloud backups for pass keys. It integrates Square, Cash App and Coinbase. It supports both iOS and Android operating systems. | [
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"text": "Bitkey is a Bitcoin cryptocurrency hardware wallet created by Block, Inc., which is owned by Jack Dorsey. Bitkey's physical device is reported to be shipped in early 2024 in 95 countries, priced USD$150. It uses a three-tier security system and supports cloud backups for pass keys. It integrates Square, Cash App and Coinbase. It supports both iOS and Android operating systems.",
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75,551,065 | Boulder Bach Festival | The Boulder Bach Festival is an annual music festival held in Boulder, Colorado, known for its diverse repertoire spanning across the Baroque, Classical, and Romantic eras. Founded in 1981, the festival has evolved significantly over time, expanding its musical offerings and community engagement beyond its initial focus solely on Johann Sebastian Bach's music.
Originally conceived as a festival centered around Johann Sebastian Bach's music, the Boulder Bach Festival commenced in 1981, presenting primarily instrumental and choral works of the celebrated composer during weekends near Bach's March 21 birthday. Under the stewardship of Zachary Carrettin, who assumed the role of the festival's music director in 2013-14, the event has significantly expanded its offerings and programming. From its earlier iterations featuring Bach-centric weekends, the festival has now grown into a multifaceted musical celebration, presenting a diverse range of concerts encompassing Baroque, Classical, and Romantic compositions.
The festival's concert lineup has broadened to include a variety of musical genres and eras. While Bach's music remains a central focus, the repertoire has expanded to incorporate works by composers such as Brahms, Haydn, Chopin, Mozart, Stravinsky, Part, Schnittke, and Bloch. Performances have showcased a mix of period instruments and modern adaptations, embracing historic practices to evoke the soundscapes of past eras.
The Boulder Bach Festival actively engages in community-driven programs, conducting over 40 concerts annually in hospitals, schools, retirement homes, libraries, and museums, offering these events free of charge. The festival's commitment to education extends to its Fellowship Artist Initiative, a two-year program providing mentorship and period instruments to young musicians embarking on their professional careers. | [
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"text": "The Boulder Bach Festival actively engages in community-driven programs, conducting over 40 concerts annually in hospitals, schools, retirement homes, libraries, and museums, offering these events free of charge. The festival's commitment to education extends to its Fellowship Artist Initiative, a two-year program providing mentorship and period instruments to young musicians embarking on their professional careers.",
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75,551,080 | 2024 in Sierra Leone | Events in the year 2024 in Sierra Leone.
Source: | [
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75,551,082 | Jewish community of Erbil | The Jewish community of Erbil, known as "the Arbili Jews," is a Jewish community from the city of Erbil in Kurdistan Region. This community was one of the oldest Jewish communities in the world. According to tradition, the community members are descendants of Jews exiled from Israel and Judah by the Assyrian kings. The Jews living in Erbil primarily spoke Jewish Arabic in the local dialect, and about a third of the community also spoke Aramaic, with some also knowing Turkish due to the city's proximity to Turkey.
A Jewish community existed in the area by the end of the Second Temple period, serving as a center for the Kingdom of Adiabene, whose rulers converted to Judaism. According to tradition, the city's first Jews were exiled there by Assyrian kings.
During the Middle Ages Erbil was an important community, even visited by the poet Yehuda Alharizi in 1215. The Mongol conquest of 1258 did not harm the Jewish community, as the city surrendered without resistance. In the 17th century, there were about 200 Jewish families in Erbil, who faced persecution by Muslims. In 1847, there were about 100 Jewish families in Erbil, with a Jew serving as a financial officer for the authorities. By 1877, there were about 400 families. Before World War II (1939), there were about 1,900 Jews in the entire Erbil district.
In 1920 the first official census counted 4,800 Jews in the Erbil district. In 1932, there were 3,090 Jews in the district, with Dr. Arthur Ruppin reporting 1,500 Jews in Erbil that year. The 1947 census counted 1,601 Jews in Erbil.
The Arbili Jews were mostly traders and craftsmen, such as dyers, builders, cobblers, and porters. About a third of them spoke Aramaic. They had their own market, called "Harat Ta'ajil".
Erbil, as a district city, was also a center for Jews from nearby villages: Rawanduz, Makhmur, Rania, Koysinjaq, and Al-Zibar. After World War I, many Jews migrated to Erbil from these villages. The total Jewish population of the district in 1947 was 3,109.
Until World War I there were two synagogues in the city, each with a "cheder" called "Midrash," where community children were educated until the age of eight. Wealthy Jews who wanted to provide their children with general education sent them to "Kuttab" – the Muslim school. After the establishment of the Alliance school in Mosul, children from Erbil were sent there. After World War I (1918), Jewish children attended government schools.
In 1921 Rabbi Meir, who had lived in Kirkuk for many years, returned to Erbil and established a "proper cheder" teaching both Hebrew and arithmetic. In 1922, the government agreed to open a Jewish school in a building provided by the community. Called "Erbil II," the school was managed by non-Jews, and from 1930, it lost its Jewish character, with more Muslim than Jewish students. Girls in the community hardly received any education, with only two girls sent to a government school in 1936.
Zionist activity in Erbil was different in nature from other places. It was led by Zalakh Nuriel, who served as the community head from 1920 and was involved in fundraising for KKL. In 1935, Nuriel was prevented from attending the Zionist Congress as a delegate by the authorities.
In Erbil, a branch of "Agudat Tz'irei Bnei Yehuda" was established. Activities included Hebrew lectures and the distribution of Hebrew literature and other materials about Israel.
In 1948 active Zionist activities began in the "Midrash." Instructors of the pioneering underground visited occasionally. The activities continued until the mass immigration to Israel in 1951. After that year, no Jews remained in Erbil, as all had emigrated to Israel.
Erbil had a yeshiva that ordained rabbis who served in surrounding villages.
Rabbi Abraham Alkordi was the rabbi and head of the religious court of Erbil. He died in 1918. After his death, Rabbi Yitzhak Nah was appointed. He was ordained by Rabbi Abraham Alkordi, his teacher, in 1907. After Rabbi Yitzhak Nah's departure, the chief rabbi and head of the rabbinical court was Rabbi Yitzhak Barzani, from Tzefiya. He ordained many rabbis. His brother, Abraham Barzani, became the community leader in Israel.
From the late 19th century to the 1920s Jews began immigrating to Israel, but most immigrated in 1950–1951 during Operation Ezra and Nehemiah.
The community had a synagogue in the Bukharim neighborhood of Jerusalem named "Synagogue of the Arbili Jews." Rabbi Abraham Barzani, a native of Erbil, was the synagogue's rabbi at its establishment. The synagogue was built in the 1930s by community members on land owned by Yaakov Zvulun. In 2007, his heirs sold the land to a private developer, and in 2020, after appeals by the worshippers, the Supreme Court delayed their eviction, but the synagogue was closed and transferred to the developer's control. | [
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{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The Arbili Jews were mostly traders and craftsmen, such as dyers, builders, cobblers, and porters. About a third of them spoke Aramaic. They had their own market, called \"Harat Ta'ajil\".",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Erbil, as a district city, was also a center for Jews from nearby villages: Rawanduz, Makhmur, Rania, Koysinjaq, and Al-Zibar. After World War I, many Jews migrated to Erbil from these villages. The total Jewish population of the district in 1947 was 3,109.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Until World War I there were two synagogues in the city, each with a \"cheder\" called \"Midrash,\" where community children were educated until the age of eight. Wealthy Jews who wanted to provide their children with general education sent them to \"Kuttab\" – the Muslim school. After the establishment of the Alliance school in Mosul, children from Erbil were sent there. After World War I (1918), Jewish children attended government schools.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1921 Rabbi Meir, who had lived in Kirkuk for many years, returned to Erbil and established a \"proper cheder\" teaching both Hebrew and arithmetic. In 1922, the government agreed to open a Jewish school in a building provided by the community. Called \"Erbil II,\" the school was managed by non-Jews, and from 1930, it lost its Jewish character, with more Muslim than Jewish students. Girls in the community hardly received any education, with only two girls sent to a government school in 1936.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Zionist activity in Erbil was different in nature from other places. It was led by Zalakh Nuriel, who served as the community head from 1920 and was involved in fundraising for KKL. In 1935, Nuriel was prevented from attending the Zionist Congress as a delegate by the authorities.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In Erbil, a branch of \"Agudat Tz'irei Bnei Yehuda\" was established. Activities included Hebrew lectures and the distribution of Hebrew literature and other materials about Israel.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In 1948 active Zionist activities began in the \"Midrash.\" Instructors of the pioneering underground visited occasionally. The activities continued until the mass immigration to Israel in 1951. After that year, no Jews remained in Erbil, as all had emigrated to Israel.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Erbil had a yeshiva that ordained rabbis who served in surrounding villages.",
"title": "Community Leaders in Erbil"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Rabbi Abraham Alkordi was the rabbi and head of the religious court of Erbil. He died in 1918. After his death, Rabbi Yitzhak Nah was appointed. He was ordained by Rabbi Abraham Alkordi, his teacher, in 1907. After Rabbi Yitzhak Nah's departure, the chief rabbi and head of the rabbinical court was Rabbi Yitzhak Barzani, from Tzefiya. He ordained many rabbis. His brother, Abraham Barzani, became the community leader in Israel.",
"title": "Community Leaders in Erbil"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "From the late 19th century to the 1920s Jews began immigrating to Israel, but most immigrated in 1950–1951 during Operation Ezra and Nehemiah.",
"title": "Immigration to Israel"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The community had a synagogue in the Bukharim neighborhood of Jerusalem named \"Synagogue of the Arbili Jews.\" Rabbi Abraham Barzani, a native of Erbil, was the synagogue's rabbi at its establishment. The synagogue was built in the 1930s by community members on land owned by Yaakov Zvulun. In 2007, his heirs sold the land to a private developer, and in 2020, after appeals by the worshippers, the Supreme Court delayed their eviction, but the synagogue was closed and transferred to the developer's control.",
"title": "Synagogue of the Arbili Jews in Jerusalem"
}
] | The Jewish community of Erbil, known as "the Arbili Jews," is a Jewish community from the city of Erbil in Kurdistan Region. This community was one of the oldest Jewish communities in the world. According to tradition, the community members are descendants of Jews exiled from Israel and Judah by the Assyrian kings. The Jews living in Erbil primarily spoke Jewish Arabic in the local dialect, and about a third of the community also spoke Aramaic, with some also knowing Turkish due to the city's proximity to Turkey. | 2023-12-13T05:35:29Z | 2023-12-31T22:28:02Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jewish_community_of_Erbil |
75,551,138 | John Clinton Hunt | John Clinton Hunt is an American writer from the U.S. state of Oklahoma.
John Clinton Hunt was born on July 24, 1925, to Henry Hunt and Elizabeth Palmour in Muskogee, Oklahoma. The family moved to Pawhuska in 1928 and his younger sister, Ann, was born in 1930. On August 11, 1932, his father killed himself. His mother began a relationship with and later married John Joseph Mathews during his childhood.
In 1940, Hunt was sent to the Lawrenceville School. Like his step-father, he attended the University of Oklahoma and took a break from school to serve in a World War. In June 1943, he joined the Marine Corps Reserves and in 1946 he was discharged as a second lieutenant. He then finished his degree at Harvard University, where he was an editor of the Student Progressive. He graduated in 1948 and married Barbara Helen Mead in October of that year.
In 1950, Hunt joined the faculty at the University of Iowa and taught the classics. He later taught at the Thomas Jefferson School.
In 1955, Hunt was recruited by Cord Meyer as a CIA asset. He worked undercover in Europe for the Congress for Cultural Freedom for about a decade. Around 1960, he was the head of the Paris office, but he was forced to resign in 1967.
Hunt's first novel was Generations of Men and was inspired by his upbringing in Pawhuska. The character Hardin Buck was inspired by John Joseph Mathews. It won the Spur Award for Best Novel of the West in 1956. His second novel was The Grey Horse Legacy (1968). Page Stegner, reviewing for The New York Times, described it as "in both style and conception, a fine work." In 1981, he co-wrote Knights Errant with Martin Kaplan.
In 1968 he divorced Barbara and married a Frenchwoman, Chantel Pepin de Bonnervive Louiseau.
In 1985 was the founding chair and president of BioTechnica International until his retirement in 1990. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "John Clinton Hunt is an American writer from the U.S. state of Oklahoma.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "John Clinton Hunt was born on July 24, 1925, to Henry Hunt and Elizabeth Palmour in Muskogee, Oklahoma. The family moved to Pawhuska in 1928 and his younger sister, Ann, was born in 1930. On August 11, 1932, his father killed himself. His mother began a relationship with and later married John Joseph Mathews during his childhood.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1940, Hunt was sent to the Lawrenceville School. Like his step-father, he attended the University of Oklahoma and took a break from school to serve in a World War. In June 1943, he joined the Marine Corps Reserves and in 1946 he was discharged as a second lieutenant. He then finished his degree at Harvard University, where he was an editor of the Student Progressive. He graduated in 1948 and married Barbara Helen Mead in October of that year.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1950, Hunt joined the faculty at the University of Iowa and taught the classics. He later taught at the Thomas Jefferson School.",
"title": "Academic career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1955, Hunt was recruited by Cord Meyer as a CIA asset. He worked undercover in Europe for the Congress for Cultural Freedom for about a decade. Around 1960, he was the head of the Paris office, but he was forced to resign in 1967.",
"title": "CIA career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Hunt's first novel was Generations of Men and was inspired by his upbringing in Pawhuska. The character Hardin Buck was inspired by John Joseph Mathews. It won the Spur Award for Best Novel of the West in 1956. His second novel was The Grey Horse Legacy (1968). Page Stegner, reviewing for The New York Times, described it as \"in both style and conception, a fine work.\" In 1981, he co-wrote Knights Errant with Martin Kaplan.",
"title": "Writing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In 1968 he divorced Barbara and married a Frenchwoman, Chantel Pepin de Bonnervive Louiseau.",
"title": "Later life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1985 was the founding chair and president of BioTechnica International until his retirement in 1990.",
"title": "Later life"
}
] | John Clinton Hunt is an American writer from the U.S. state of Oklahoma. | 2023-12-13T05:45:44Z | 2023-12-15T03:16:00Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Clinton_Hunt |
75,551,190 | G7221 Hengyang–Nanning Expressway | The G7221 Hengyang–Nanning Expressway (Chinese: 衡阳—南宁高速公路), also referred to as the Hengnan Expressway (Chinese: 衡南高速公路), is an under construction expressway in China that connects Hengyang, Hunan to Nanning, Guangxi.
The expressway starts in Zhengxiang District, Hengyang, and passes through Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Rong'an County, Yizhou District and Shanglin County before terminating in Xingning District, Nanning. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The G7221 Hengyang–Nanning Expressway (Chinese: 衡阳—南宁高速公路), also referred to as the Hengnan Expressway (Chinese: 衡南高速公路), is an under construction expressway in China that connects Hengyang, Hunan to Nanning, Guangxi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The expressway starts in Zhengxiang District, Hengyang, and passes through Chengbu Miao Autonomous County, Longsheng Various Nationalities Autonomous County, Rong'an County, Yizhou District and Shanglin County before terminating in Xingning District, Nanning.",
"title": "Route"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The G7221 Hengyang–Nanning Expressway, also referred to as the Hengnan Expressway, is an under construction expressway in China that connects Hengyang, Hunan to Nanning, Guangxi. | 2023-12-13T05:53:39Z | 2023-12-13T21:22:32Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G7221_Hengyang%E2%80%93Nanning_Expressway |
75,551,211 | 1889 women's tennis season | The 1889 Women's tennis season was a tennis circuit composed of 63 national, regional, county, and regular tournaments. The season began in January in Madras, India, and ended in December in Dunedin, New Zealand.
From 1888 until 1912 Britain's Lawn Tennis Association (LTA), grew in status and influence to become the de facto international tennis governing body before the proper International Lawn Tennis Federation commenced operations. Despite the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) forming in 1881 a good seven years before the LTA, it was the British body that set laws, settled disputes and organized the increasingly complicated tournament calendar before the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) formed in March, 1913.
After the formation of the ILTF the world tennis circuit going forward was a highly organised and structured network of national and international tournaments. Most tennis tournaments were usually mixed events for men and women, and the women's international tennis circuit certainly up to 1923 was composed mainly of tournaments on the British and European Circuits. After the USNLTA joined the ILTF this would later change with more and more tournaments being staged globally. Women tennis players on the world circuit up to the open era were funded by their national associations enabling them to travel and take part in international tournaments.
1889 sees a slight decrease in the number women's singles events being held as the tennis circuit continues to form. The 1889 women's tennis season began on 8 January with the first Southern India Championships staged at Madras, India. In May 1889 at the first major event of the year the Irish Championships played at the Fitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club in Dublin, Ireland. Ireland's Louisa Martin wins the singles title beating defending champion Blanche Hillyard, she also picks up the ladies doubles event is won patnered with Florence Stanuell. In the mixed doubles Lena Rice and Willoughby Hamilton defeat Blanche Hillyard and Harold Stone. In terms of draw size the South of England Championships was the largest tournament of the year with a draw of 30 across two events.
In mid June 1889 the change in scheduling is continued when the U.S. National Championships are held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, PA, Bertha Townsend successfully defends her title in the challenge round by defeating Lida Voorhees in straight sets.
Later the same month at the third major tournament of the year the Northern Championships played at the Northern Lawn Tennis Club in Manchester, England Lottie Dod successfully defends her title beating Blanche Hillyard in three sets, in the women's doubles final sisters Bertha Steedman and Mary Steedman defeat another sister pairing Ann and Lottie Dod in straight sets, and the All England Mixed Doubles Championship event, is won by Lottie Dod and John Charles Kay who defeat Blanche Hillyard and Ernest Renshaw in the final.
In July at the fourth and final major event of the season the 1889 Wimbledon Championships the world's first major tennis tournament, Blanche Bingley takes the title, when she defeats upcoming Irish player Lena Rice in three very close sets to win her third major title. The season ended on 30 December 1889 at the New Zealand Championships, held in Dunedin, New Zealand that was played on grass.
Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 the Wimbledon Championships, the U.S. National Championships, the Irish Lawn Tennis Championships and the Northern Championships were considered by players and historians as the four most important tennis tournaments to win, and together effectively making an early incarnation of the Grand Slam events we know today.
Key
This is a list of winners by the total number of singles titles won for 1889 major titles in bold: | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 1889 Women's tennis season was a tennis circuit composed of 63 national, regional, county, and regular tournaments. The season began in January in Madras, India, and ended in December in Dunedin, New Zealand.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "From 1888 until 1912 Britain's Lawn Tennis Association (LTA), grew in status and influence to become the de facto international tennis governing body before the proper International Lawn Tennis Federation commenced operations. Despite the United States National Lawn Tennis Association (USNLTA) forming in 1881 a good seven years before the LTA, it was the British body that set laws, settled disputes and organized the increasingly complicated tournament calendar before the International Lawn Tennis Federation (ILTF) formed in March, 1913.",
"title": "Summary of season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "After the formation of the ILTF the world tennis circuit going forward was a highly organised and structured network of national and international tournaments. Most tennis tournaments were usually mixed events for men and women, and the women's international tennis circuit certainly up to 1923 was composed mainly of tournaments on the British and European Circuits. After the USNLTA joined the ILTF this would later change with more and more tournaments being staged globally. Women tennis players on the world circuit up to the open era were funded by their national associations enabling them to travel and take part in international tournaments.",
"title": "Summary of season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "1889 sees a slight decrease in the number women's singles events being held as the tennis circuit continues to form. The 1889 women's tennis season began on 8 January with the first Southern India Championships staged at Madras, India. In May 1889 at the first major event of the year the Irish Championships played at the Fitzwilliam Lawn Tennis Club in Dublin, Ireland. Ireland's Louisa Martin wins the singles title beating defending champion Blanche Hillyard, she also picks up the ladies doubles event is won patnered with Florence Stanuell. In the mixed doubles Lena Rice and Willoughby Hamilton defeat Blanche Hillyard and Harold Stone. In terms of draw size the South of England Championships was the largest tournament of the year with a draw of 30 across two events.",
"title": "Summary of season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In mid June 1889 the change in scheduling is continued when the U.S. National Championships are held at the Philadelphia Cricket Club, PA, Bertha Townsend successfully defends her title in the challenge round by defeating Lida Voorhees in straight sets.",
"title": "Summary of season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Later the same month at the third major tournament of the year the Northern Championships played at the Northern Lawn Tennis Club in Manchester, England Lottie Dod successfully defends her title beating Blanche Hillyard in three sets, in the women's doubles final sisters Bertha Steedman and Mary Steedman defeat another sister pairing Ann and Lottie Dod in straight sets, and the All England Mixed Doubles Championship event, is won by Lottie Dod and John Charles Kay who defeat Blanche Hillyard and Ernest Renshaw in the final.",
"title": "Summary of season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "In July at the fourth and final major event of the season the 1889 Wimbledon Championships the world's first major tennis tournament, Blanche Bingley takes the title, when she defeats upcoming Irish player Lena Rice in three very close sets to win her third major title. The season ended on 30 December 1889 at the New Zealand Championships, held in Dunedin, New Zealand that was played on grass.",
"title": "Summary of season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Prior to the creation of the International Lawn Tennis Federation and the establishment of its world championship events in 1913 the Wimbledon Championships, the U.S. National Championships, the Irish Lawn Tennis Championships and the Northern Championships were considered by players and historians as the four most important tennis tournaments to win, and together effectively making an early incarnation of the Grand Slam events we know today.",
"title": "Season results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Key",
"title": "Season results"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "This is a list of winners by the total number of singles titles won for 1889 major titles in bold:",
"title": "Tournament winners (singles)"
}
] | The 1889 Women's tennis season was a tennis circuit composed of 63 national, regional, county, and regular tournaments. The season began in January in Madras, India, and ended in December in Dunedin, New Zealand. | 2023-12-13T05:59:16Z | 2023-12-22T01:29:45Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1889_women%27s_tennis_season |
75,551,233 | The Shrouds | The Shrouds is an upcoming film from David Cronenberg. It features a cast including Diane Kruger, Vincent Cassel and Guy Pearce.
Described as Cronenberg's “most personal film”, Cassel plays Karsh a grieving widower, who builds an innovative device to help people connect with the dead.
Cronenberg writes and directs, originally the project was planned as a series for streaming service Netflix.
Saïd Ben Saïd and Martin Katz producing for Prospero Pictures and SBS International alongside co-producer Steve Solomos. The cinematographer Douglas Koch works alongside art director Jason Clarke and production designer Carol Spier.
Vincent Cassel joined the cast in the lead role in May 2022. Lea Seydoux joined the cast in September 2022. In April 2023, Diane Kruger replaced Lea Seydoux, and Guy Pearce joined the cast. That month, Sandrine Holt also joined the cast.
Principal photography took place in Toronto, Canada. Filming wrapped in June 2023.
The Shrouds at IMDb | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Shrouds is an upcoming film from David Cronenberg. It features a cast including Diane Kruger, Vincent Cassel and Guy Pearce.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Described as Cronenberg's “most personal film”, Cassel plays Karsh a grieving widower, who builds an innovative device to help people connect with the dead.",
"title": "Premise"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Cronenberg writes and directs, originally the project was planned as a series for streaming service Netflix.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Saïd Ben Saïd and Martin Katz producing for Prospero Pictures and SBS International alongside co-producer Steve Solomos. The cinematographer Douglas Koch works alongside art director Jason Clarke and production designer Carol Spier.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Vincent Cassel joined the cast in the lead role in May 2022. Lea Seydoux joined the cast in September 2022. In April 2023, Diane Kruger replaced Lea Seydoux, and Guy Pearce joined the cast. That month, Sandrine Holt also joined the cast.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Principal photography took place in Toronto, Canada. Filming wrapped in June 2023.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The Shrouds at IMDb",
"title": "External links"
}
] | The Shrouds is an upcoming film from David Cronenberg. It features a cast including Diane Kruger, Vincent Cassel and Guy Pearce. | 2023-12-13T06:04:49Z | 2023-12-17T18:52:46Z | [
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75,551,237 | Celedonia Jones | Celedonia Jones (February 21, 1930 – April 15, 2023) was an American historian. He was the Manhattan borough historian from 1997 to 2005. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Celedonia Jones (February 21, 1930 – April 15, 2023) was an American historian. He was the Manhattan borough historian from 1997 to 2005.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | Celedonia Jones was an American historian. He was the Manhattan borough historian from 1997 to 2005. | 2023-12-13T06:06:24Z | 2023-12-16T23:52:00Z | [
"Template:Short description",
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celedonia_Jones |
75,551,239 | Jaswant Singh Saini | Jaswant Singh Saini is an Indian politician and Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council and represents Bharatiya Janata Party.
On 25 March 2022, the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath, appointed Jaswant Saini as the Minister of State of Parliamentary Affairs in Uttar Pradesh government. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jaswant Singh Saini is an Indian politician and Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council and represents Bharatiya Janata Party.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 25 March 2022, the Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Yogi Adityanath, appointed Jaswant Saini as the Minister of State of Parliamentary Affairs in Uttar Pradesh government.",
"title": "Political Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "Reference"
}
] | Jaswant Singh Saini is an Indian politician and Minister of State in the Government of Uttar Pradesh. He is a member of the Uttar Pradesh Legislative Council and represents Bharatiya Janata Party. | 2023-12-13T06:07:01Z | 2023-12-14T13:51:29Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaswant_Singh_Saini |
75,551,249 | Institute for Molecular Science | The Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) is an inter-university research institute located in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture, which is part of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences.
. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) is an inter-university research institute located in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture, which is part of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": ".",
"title": ""
}
] | The Institute for Molecular Science (IMS) is an inter-university research institute located in Okazaki, Aichi Prefecture, which is part of the National Institutes of Natural Sciences. . | 2023-12-13T06:09:22Z | 2023-12-15T17:08:13Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute_for_Molecular_Science |
75,551,253 | Electromagnetic charging | [] | 2023-12-13T06:10:06Z | 2023-12-13T10:03:06Z | [
"Template:R from alternative name"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromagnetic_charging |
||
75,551,279 | Mario Valdemarin | Mario Valdemarin (30 December 1926 – 12 December 2023) was an Italian actor known for his roles in Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis, Sandokan the Great and The End of the Night.
Valdemarin died due to complications of COVID-19 in Rome, on 12 December 2023, 18 days before his 97th birthday. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Mario Valdemarin (30 December 1926 – 12 December 2023) was an Italian actor known for his roles in Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis, Sandokan the Great and The End of the Night.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Valdemarin died due to complications of COVID-19 in Rome, on 12 December 2023, 18 days before his 97th birthday.",
"title": ""
}
] | Mario Valdemarin was an Italian actor known for his roles in Hercules and the Conquest of Atlantis, Sandokan the Great and The End of the Night. Valdemarin died due to complications of COVID-19 in Rome, on 12 December 2023, 18 days before his 97th birthday. | 2023-12-13T06:12:40Z | 2023-12-26T02:14:38Z | [
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75,551,359 | Jerome K. Harris Sr. | Jerome K. Harris Sr. (October 11, 1899 – 1984) was an American businessman and civic leader, celebrated for his key role in the creation and development of HemisFair '68, the 1968 World's Fair held in San Antonio, Texas. Harris notably coined the name 'Hemisfair' and was the originator of the idea, formally given the honorary title 'Father of Hemisfair' in 1993 by the San Antonio City Council.
Born in Minnesota, Harris graduated from the old Main High School and began his career at Frank Bros., a downtown San Antonio men's store, where he eventually rose from an entry-level position to vice president.
Harris' vision for San Antonio, Texas was to have its own World's Fair, celebrating the cultural diversity of the city by embracing education, technology, shared ties, and cultural advancement. He coined the name 'Hemisfair' and the event materialized in 1968, coinciding with the 250th anniversary of San Antonio. His idea, supported by local leaders, was officially sanctioned by the Bureau of International Expositions in 1965. Despite challenges, the fair drew over 6 million visitors and left a lasting legacy on the city. The Tower of the Americas, otherwise known as Hemisfair Tower, was one of the many lasting monuments and pieces of architecture that were erected for the fair and remain iconic to the city to this day.
In addition to his executive role at Frank Bros., Harris served in many civic leadership positions such as director of the San Antonio Chamber of Commerce and president of the Fiesta San Antonio Commision.
HemisFair '68, themed "The Confluence of Civilizations in the Americas," was a transformative event for San Antonio, showcasing over thirty nations and fifteen corporations. Harris's concept celebrated the shared cultures of San Antonio and emphasized the city's commitment to cultural inclusion and advancement.
Harris was married to Gertrude Louise Harris, with whom he had two children, Marjory Jean Harris and Jerome Kling Harris Jr. Both children would follow in his legacy of civic duty and business leadership, building a retail business together in San Antonio and regularly participating in city engagements. Both Harris and his son would serve as president of the Fiesta Commission in San Antonio and as leading members of many other civic organizations.
Harris died in 1984 in San Antonio, Texas. In 1993, the San Antonio City Council posthumously recognized his contributions to the city's development through HemisFair '68. A plate was erected in his honor. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jerome K. Harris Sr. (October 11, 1899 – 1984) was an American businessman and civic leader, celebrated for his key role in the creation and development of HemisFair '68, the 1968 World's Fair held in San Antonio, Texas. Harris notably coined the name 'Hemisfair' and was the originator of the idea, formally given the honorary title 'Father of Hemisfair' in 1993 by the San Antonio City Council.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Born in Minnesota, Harris graduated from the old Main High School and began his career at Frank Bros., a downtown San Antonio men's store, where he eventually rose from an entry-level position to vice president.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Harris' vision for San Antonio, Texas was to have its own World's Fair, celebrating the cultural diversity of the city by embracing education, technology, shared ties, and cultural advancement. He coined the name 'Hemisfair' and the event materialized in 1968, coinciding with the 250th anniversary of San Antonio. His idea, supported by local leaders, was officially sanctioned by the Bureau of International Expositions in 1965. Despite challenges, the fair drew over 6 million visitors and left a lasting legacy on the city. The Tower of the Americas, otherwise known as Hemisfair Tower, was one of the many lasting monuments and pieces of architecture that were erected for the fair and remain iconic to the city to this day.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In addition to his executive role at Frank Bros., Harris served in many civic leadership positions such as director of the San Antonio Chamber of Commerce and president of the Fiesta San Antonio Commision.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "HemisFair '68, themed \"The Confluence of Civilizations in the Americas,\" was a transformative event for San Antonio, showcasing over thirty nations and fifteen corporations. Harris's concept celebrated the shared cultures of San Antonio and emphasized the city's commitment to cultural inclusion and advancement.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Harris was married to Gertrude Louise Harris, with whom he had two children, Marjory Jean Harris and Jerome Kling Harris Jr. Both children would follow in his legacy of civic duty and business leadership, building a retail business together in San Antonio and regularly participating in city engagements. Both Harris and his son would serve as president of the Fiesta Commission in San Antonio and as leading members of many other civic organizations.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Harris died in 1984 in San Antonio, Texas. In 1993, the San Antonio City Council posthumously recognized his contributions to the city's development through HemisFair '68. A plate was erected in his honor.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Jerome K. Harris Sr. was an American businessman and civic leader, celebrated for his key role in the creation and development of HemisFair '68, the 1968 World's Fair held in San Antonio, Texas. Harris notably coined the name 'Hemisfair' and was the originator of the idea, formally given the honorary title 'Father of Hemisfair' in 1993 by the San Antonio City Council. | 2023-12-13T06:21:45Z | 2023-12-27T14:25:37Z | [
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75,551,382 | 2023 Women's EuroHockey Championship squads | This article lists the confirmed squads for the 2023 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship tournament held in Mönchengladbach, Netherlands between 18 and 27 August 2023. The eight national teams were required to register a playing squad of eighteen players and two reserves.
Head coach: Raoul Ehren
Belgium announced their final squad on 4 August 2023.
Head coach: Paul van Ass
The Netherlands announced their final squad on 14 August 2023.
Head coach: Robert Justus
Head coach: Adrian Lock
Spain announced their final squad on 13 August 2023.
Head coach: David Ralph
England announced their final squad on 3 August 2023.
Head coach: Valentin Altenburg
Germany announced their final squad on 21 July 2023.
Head coach: Sean Dancer
Ireland announced their final squad on 18 July 2023.
Head coach: Chris Duncan
Scotland announced their final squad on 2 August 2023. | [
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"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This article lists the confirmed squads for the 2023 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship tournament held in Mönchengladbach, Netherlands between 18 and 27 August 2023. The eight national teams were required to register a playing squad of eighteen players and two reserves.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Head coach: Raoul Ehren",
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"text": "Belgium announced their final squad on 4 August 2023.",
"title": "Pool A"
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"text": "Head coach: Paul van Ass",
"title": "Pool A"
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"text": "The Netherlands announced their final squad on 14 August 2023.",
"title": "Pool A"
},
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"text": "Head coach: Robert Justus",
"title": "Pool A"
},
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"text": "Head coach: Adrian Lock",
"title": "Pool A"
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"text": "Spain announced their final squad on 13 August 2023.",
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},
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"text": "Head coach: David Ralph",
"title": "Pool B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "England announced their final squad on 3 August 2023.",
"title": "Pool B"
},
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"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Head coach: Valentin Altenburg",
"title": "Pool B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Germany announced their final squad on 21 July 2023.",
"title": "Pool B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Head coach: Sean Dancer",
"title": "Pool B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Ireland announced their final squad on 18 July 2023.",
"title": "Pool B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Head coach: Chris Duncan",
"title": "Pool B"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Scotland announced their final squad on 2 August 2023.",
"title": "Pool B"
}
] | This article lists the confirmed squads for the 2023 Women's EuroHockey Nations Championship tournament held in Mönchengladbach, Netherlands between 18 and 27 August 2023. The eight national teams were required to register a playing squad of eighteen players and two reserves. | 2023-12-13T06:24:44Z | 2023-12-13T06:24:44Z | [
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75,551,391 | Tylvalosin | Tylvalosin, sold under the brand name Aiviosin, is a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections in swine. It is used as tylvalosin tartrate.
Tylvalosin is indicated for the control of porcine proliferative enteropathy associated with Lawsonia intracellularis infection in groups of swine intended for slaughter and female swine intended for breeding in buildings experiencing an outbreak of PPE. Not for use in male swine intended for breeding; and for the control of swine respiratory disease associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica, Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in groups of swine intended for slaughter and female swine intended for breeding in buildings experiencing an outbreak of swine respiratory disease. Not for use in male swine intended for breeding.
This article incorporates public domain material from US Food and Drug Administration. United States Department of Health and Human Services. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tylvalosin, sold under the brand name Aiviosin, is a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections in swine. It is used as tylvalosin tartrate.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Tylvalosin is indicated for the control of porcine proliferative enteropathy associated with Lawsonia intracellularis infection in groups of swine intended for slaughter and female swine intended for breeding in buildings experiencing an outbreak of PPE. Not for use in male swine intended for breeding; and for the control of swine respiratory disease associated with Bordetella bronchiseptica, Glaesserella (Haemophilus) parasuis, Pasteurella multocida, Streptococcus suis, and Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae in groups of swine intended for slaughter and female swine intended for breeding in buildings experiencing an outbreak of swine respiratory disease. Not for use in male swine intended for breeding.",
"title": "Medical uses"
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{
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"text": "This article incorporates public domain material from US Food and Drug Administration. United States Department of Health and Human Services.",
"title": "References"
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"title": "References"
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] | Tylvalosin, sold under the brand name Aiviosin, is a macrolide antibiotic used for the treatment of bacterial infections in swine. It is used as tylvalosin tartrate. | 2023-12-13T06:25:39Z | 2023-12-17T03:19:23Z | [
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75,551,460 | Yaqut Khan | Yaqut Khan (died 1775) was an Afghan eunuch to Afghan Emperor Ahmad Shah Durrani during the 18th century. He is known for supporting Timur Shah Durrani during his conflict with his elder brother, Sulaiman. He later attempted in a conspiracy to assassinate Timur Shah, which failed, resulting in his own execution.
Upon the death of Ahmad Shah Durrani, his declared heir, Timur Shah Durrani, was not favored by Shah Wali Khan, who instead preferred Timur's elder brother, Sulaiman. Sulaiman ascended the throne despite opposition from other Durrani nobles. To prevent word of Ahmad Shah's death getting out, Ahmad Shah's lifeless body was placed on a litter with tall thick curtains. Shah Wali then stated to nobles after arriving at Kandahar, that Ahmad Shah was ill, and that nobody should disturb him. Yaqut Khan, the chief eunuch, brought food for the king to keep up a facade.
However, Yaqut Khan, secretly holding loyalties to Timur Shah Durrani, sent a confidential letter that informed him of Sulaiman's usurpation of the throne. Timur Shah was enraged and immediately assembled an army, marching onwards to Kandahar. Upon reaching Farah, support for Sulaiman's faction quickly dissipated. Shah Wali Khan, alongside Sadar Jahan Khan, arrived at Timur's camp pleading for mercy. Timur Shah, who was incensed that they did not allow him to see his father's deathbed, executed them. As a result, Sulaiman fled to India, while Timur Shah entered Kandahar, being crowned.
Yaqub Khan became involved in a plot against Timur Shah in 1775 led by Arsala Khan. In January 1775, Arsala Khan was given permission by Timur Shah to enter Peshawar where he was preparing for campaigns into the Punjab. While Timur Shah was celebrating, Arsala Khan alongside 2,500 men marched to the arg and approached guards, informing them that they were told to celebrate inside. While the guards were distracted, Faizullah and Yaqut Khan invaded through a back gate and killed numerous guards, entering the parade grounds, and attempting to enter the inner keep where Timur Shah was resting.
Hearing the commotion, Timur Shah climbed to the top of the tower, and used his turban to signal to fellow guards below of the desperate situation. Timur Shah's Qizilbash guards attacked the conspirators from the rear, and completely killed or captured the entire army. Yaqut Khan, as well as Faizullah Khan were executed, while Arsala Khan escaped. | [
{
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"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Upon the death of Ahmad Shah Durrani, his declared heir, Timur Shah Durrani, was not favored by Shah Wali Khan, who instead preferred Timur's elder brother, Sulaiman. Sulaiman ascended the throne despite opposition from other Durrani nobles. To prevent word of Ahmad Shah's death getting out, Ahmad Shah's lifeless body was placed on a litter with tall thick curtains. Shah Wali then stated to nobles after arriving at Kandahar, that Ahmad Shah was ill, and that nobody should disturb him. Yaqut Khan, the chief eunuch, brought food for the king to keep up a facade.",
"title": "Durrani succession crisis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "However, Yaqut Khan, secretly holding loyalties to Timur Shah Durrani, sent a confidential letter that informed him of Sulaiman's usurpation of the throne. Timur Shah was enraged and immediately assembled an army, marching onwards to Kandahar. Upon reaching Farah, support for Sulaiman's faction quickly dissipated. Shah Wali Khan, alongside Sadar Jahan Khan, arrived at Timur's camp pleading for mercy. Timur Shah, who was incensed that they did not allow him to see his father's deathbed, executed them. As a result, Sulaiman fled to India, while Timur Shah entered Kandahar, being crowned.",
"title": "Durrani succession crisis"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Yaqub Khan became involved in a plot against Timur Shah in 1775 led by Arsala Khan. In January 1775, Arsala Khan was given permission by Timur Shah to enter Peshawar where he was preparing for campaigns into the Punjab. While Timur Shah was celebrating, Arsala Khan alongside 2,500 men marched to the arg and approached guards, informing them that they were told to celebrate inside. While the guards were distracted, Faizullah and Yaqut Khan invaded through a back gate and killed numerous guards, entering the parade grounds, and attempting to enter the inner keep where Timur Shah was resting.",
"title": "Peshawar conspiracy and death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Hearing the commotion, Timur Shah climbed to the top of the tower, and used his turban to signal to fellow guards below of the desperate situation. Timur Shah's Qizilbash guards attacked the conspirators from the rear, and completely killed or captured the entire army. Yaqut Khan, as well as Faizullah Khan were executed, while Arsala Khan escaped.",
"title": "Peshawar conspiracy and death"
}
] | Yaqut Khan was an Afghan eunuch to Afghan Emperor Ahmad Shah Durrani during the 18th century. He is known for supporting Timur Shah Durrani during his conflict with his elder brother, Sulaiman. He later attempted in a conspiracy to assassinate Timur Shah, which failed, resulting in his own execution. | 2023-12-13T06:35:14Z | 2023-12-26T18:24:33Z | [
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75,551,466 | Pinkel (surname) | Pinkel is a Dutch and North German surname, probably a variant of Pingel. It may refer to the following notable people: | [
{
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"text": "Pinkel is a Dutch and North German surname, probably a variant of Pingel. It may refer to the following notable people:",
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] | Pinkel is a Dutch and North German surname, probably a variant of Pingel. It may refer to the following notable people: Donald Pinkel (1926–2022), American physician
Gary Pinkel, American college football coach
Sheila Pinkel, American visual artist, activist and educator | 2023-12-13T06:37:17Z | 2023-12-13T06:37:17Z | [
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75,551,498 | Salim Daw | Salim Daw (also spelled Salim Dau, Arabic: سليم ضو; born 1951) is a Palestinian actor. With appearances in more than 60 works of stage, television and film, he is best known for portraying Mohamed Al-Fayed on seasons 5 and 6 of Netflix's The Crown.
Daw was born in Bi'ina in 1951. He identifies as Palestinian.
As a young child, his father's friends would often ask him to entertain them with impressions. “I was an expert even at five, and the funny thing was that they used to reward me with fruits, sweets, and a little money," he told Al-Ahram in 2021. "So being an actor was the thing for me at a very early stage in my life."
In 1972, Daw enrolled at the Beit Zvi School for the Performing Arts. He went on to study at the École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq, graduating in 1979.
Daw had a recurring role as Sheikh Awadalla on the 2015 Israeli political drama Fauda. He starred as Issa in the 2020 international drama Gaza mon amour.
In 2021, Daw was cast as the Egyptian billionaire and Harrods owner Mohamed Al-Fayed for The Crown's fifth season. The role earned him a 2023 BAFTA nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He also played Tarek, the protagonist's father, in the Palestinian film Let It Be Morning, and PLO minister Ahmed Qurei in HBO's adaptation of the play Oslo.
Daw reprised the role of Al-Fayed in The Crown's sixth season. He expressed "deep sadness" and a connection to Al-Fayed upon the businessman's 2023 death.
Daw lives in Haifa with his wife. His daughter, Maysa Daw, is a musician. | [
{
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"text": "Salim Daw (also spelled Salim Dau, Arabic: سليم ضو; born 1951) is a Palestinian actor. With appearances in more than 60 works of stage, television and film, he is best known for portraying Mohamed Al-Fayed on seasons 5 and 6 of Netflix's The Crown.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Daw was born in Bi'ina in 1951. He identifies as Palestinian.",
"title": "Early life and education"
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"text": "As a young child, his father's friends would often ask him to entertain them with impressions. “I was an expert even at five, and the funny thing was that they used to reward me with fruits, sweets, and a little money,\" he told Al-Ahram in 2021. \"So being an actor was the thing for me at a very early stage in my life.\"",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
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"text": "In 1972, Daw enrolled at the Beit Zvi School for the Performing Arts. He went on to study at the École Internationale de Théâtre Jacques Lecoq, graduating in 1979.",
"title": "Early life and education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Daw had a recurring role as Sheikh Awadalla on the 2015 Israeli political drama Fauda. He starred as Issa in the 2020 international drama Gaza mon amour.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In 2021, Daw was cast as the Egyptian billionaire and Harrods owner Mohamed Al-Fayed for The Crown's fifth season. The role earned him a 2023 BAFTA nomination for Best Supporting Actor. He also played Tarek, the protagonist's father, in the Palestinian film Let It Be Morning, and PLO minister Ahmed Qurei in HBO's adaptation of the play Oslo.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
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"text": "Daw reprised the role of Al-Fayed in The Crown's sixth season. He expressed \"deep sadness\" and a connection to Al-Fayed upon the businessman's 2023 death.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Daw lives in Haifa with his wife. His daughter, Maysa Daw, is a musician.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Salim Daw is a Palestinian actor. With appearances in more than 60 works of stage, television and film, he is best known for portraying Mohamed Al-Fayed on seasons 5 and 6 of Netflix's The Crown. | 2023-12-13T06:45:45Z | 2023-12-27T14:30:45Z | [
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75,551,519 | 2024 in Somalia | Events in the year 2024 in Somalia.
Source: | [
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"text": "Events in the year 2024 in Somalia.",
"title": ""
},
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"title": "Holidays"
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] | Events in the year 2024 in Somalia. | 2023-12-13T06:49:18Z | 2023-12-13T06:49:18Z | [
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75,551,560 | Velagliflozin | Velagliflozin, sold under the brand name Senvelgo, is an antidiabetic medication used for the treatment of cats. Velagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. It is taken by mouth.
Velagliflozin is indicated to improve glycemic control in otherwise healthy cats with diabetes not previously treated with insulin. | [
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"text": "Velagliflozin, sold under the brand name Senvelgo, is an antidiabetic medication used for the treatment of cats. Velagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. It is taken by mouth.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Velagliflozin is indicated to improve glycemic control in otherwise healthy cats with diabetes not previously treated with insulin.",
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"title": "References"
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] | Velagliflozin, sold under the brand name Senvelgo, is an antidiabetic medication used for the treatment of cats. Velagliflozin is a sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitor. It is taken by mouth. | 2023-12-13T06:53:41Z | 2023-12-17T03:20:03Z | [
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75,551,589 | Jaakko A. Malmivuo | Jaakko A. Malmivuo is a Finnish engineer, academic, author, and opera singer. He was a professor of Bioelectromagnetism at Tampere University of Technology (TUT) from 1976 to 2010, an adjunct professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tampere as well as a visiting professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Electronics, and Medical Signal Processing at Technische Universität Berlin. Moreover, he was a director of the Ragnar Granit Institute at TUT from 1992.
Malmivuo is most known for his work on bioelectromagnetism, primarily focusing on the magnetic field of the heart and brain. Among his authored works are publications in academic journals, including IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering as well as books such as On the Detection of the Magnetic Heart Vector – An Application of the Reciprocity Theorem (doctoral thesis) and the book that he co-authored with Robert Plonsey: Bioelectromagnetism – Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields.
Malmivuo is an IEEE Life Fellow, a fellow at the International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering, and a founding fellow at the European Alliance for Medical and Biological Engineering and Science.
He is a founding member of the Finnish Society for Medical Physics and Medical Engineering and the Finnish Brain Research Society. Moreover, he founded the International Society for Bioelectromagnetism and is the founder and editor-in-chief of the first scientific open-access journal on the Internet, the International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism.
Malmivuo completed his M.Sc. in Engineering from Helsinki University of Technology in 1971. In 1973, he obtained a Licentiate of Technology and a Doctor of Technology degree from the same institution in 1976.
Malmivuo's academic career began at Helsinki University of Technology in 1970 as a research assistant and researcher, a position he held until 1972. Subsequently, from 1972 to 1975, he worked as a clinical engineer at Helsinki University Hospital, the First Medical Clinic. From 1974 to 1975, he was an Asla Fulbright Grantee, and from 1975 to 1976 a researcher at Stanford University, California. In 1976, he joined TUT and served as an associate professor of Bioelectromagnetism until 1985. In 1982, he received the Medal of Honor from the university for serving in 1980-1982 as Chairman of the Organizing Committee and Master of Ceremonies in 1982 in the First Solemn Conferment of the Academic Degrees (tohtoripromootio). Concurrently, he served as an acting professor of electronics from 1979 to 1980 and 1984–1985. In 1987, he was promoted to Professor of Bioelectromagnetism at TUT, a role he held until his retirement in 2010. Moreover, he also held the position of visiting professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Electronics, and Medical Signal Processing at Technische Universität Berlin from 2016 until 2020.
From 1978 to 1992, Malmivuo worked as an opera singer (bass) at the Tampere Opera while maintaining academic responsibilities. He served as the president of the Finnish Society for Medical Physics and Medical Engineering from 1987 to 1990 and the President of the International Society for Bioelectromagnetism from 1995 to 1999.
Additionally, he was also the president of the 30th International Congress on Electrocardiology Helsinki in June 2003, which included the Midnight Sun Symposium at Saariselkä, Lapland.
Malmivuo's research is primarily centered on bioelectromagnetism. He has authored and co-authored 700 publications spanning the areas of electrocardiography, electroencephalography, magnetocardiography, and magnetoencephalography, including books, book chapters, and articles in peer-reviewed journals.
Malmivuo holds patents on several projects. Along with Sakari Oja and Juha Nousiainen, he developed a device that measures the bioelectric activity of the heart and nervous system by integrating data from both electric and magnetic field measurements generated by their bioelectrical functions. Moreover, he also developed a technique to monitor multiple superconducting quantum interferometers (also known as rf-SQUIDs).
In his doctoral thesis titled "On the detection of the magnetic heart vector – An application of the reciprocity theorem", Malmivuo presented research in magnetocardiography, focusing on developing and evaluating lead systems for magnetic heart vector (MHV) detection through complex mathematical models and experimental methods, ultimately providing practical information for clinical applications in diagnosing heart-related conditions. In 1987, he authored the publication "Magnetic Stimulation – Design of a Prototype and Preliminary Clinical Experiments" which highlighted several advantages of magnetic stimulation over electric stimulation. Concentrating on bioelectromagnetism, his 1995 book with Robert Plonsey titled Bioelectromagnetism – Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields explored the intersection of engineering science and technology with biological cells and tissues that have electrical conductivity and excitability with a focus on theory, practical applications, and the development of new systems. In 2002 it was published on the Internet.
Malmivuo has used the principle of reciprocity to solve problems in bioelectromagnetism. When he started the research for his doctoral thesis at Stanford University in 1976, it was generally believed in two hypotheses that strongly supported the application of biomagnetism. Firstly, based on the Helmholtz theorem: "Since the bioelectric and biomagnetic signals (like ECG and MCG) are independent, one should obtain as much new information from the heart with MCG as has been derived from ECG". However, Malmivuo showed in 1995 that the Helmholtz theorem concerns the distribution of the electric and magnetic measurements' measurement sensitivities (lead fields). The ECG and MCG signals are only partially independent. A more comprehensive set of diagnostic information is obtained from the heart by combining ECG and MCG measurements to electromagnetocardiography, EMCG. Secondly: Since the skull has high electric resistivity, which scatters the measurement sensitivity of the EEG, and since the skull is transparent to magnetic fields, MEG should be able to focus its measurement sensitivity better than EEG. However, Malmivuo calculated the measurement sensitivity distributions of EEG and MEG and concluded that despite the high electric resistivity of the skull, the EEG better focuses its measurement. However, like in MCG, more significant insights into the brain's electric activity are obtained when utilizing both EEG and MEG as EMEG, instead of relying solely on EEG.
Malmivuo found that Magnetic stimulation is much better in brain stimulation since it stimulates the nerves in the scalp much less and makes brain stimulation painless. In his doctoral thesis, Malmivuo developed several lead systems for measuring the MHV. He also described the lead fields, i.e., the measurement sensitivity distributions of these systems. With clinical measurements, Malmivuo et al. demonstrated that all three dipolar ECG and three dipolar MCG leads have approximately similar diagnostic performance.
Malmivuo and his team found that when adding dipolar electric and magnetic leads to the measurement system, the total diagnostic performance increases the less, the more dipolar leads there already are. This behavior is independent of the order in which the electric and magnetic leads are added to the system. The experimental part of these studies was made in Malmivuo's laboratory at TUT, where in 1979, he constructed the first magnetically shielded room in the Nordic countries. The 2x2x2 m3 room is constructed from 45 mm thick aluminum boards and provided with Helmholtz coils, which compensate for the earth's static magnetic field. Its attenuation for 50 Hz magnetic field is 50 dB.
In his early research with William H. Barry and others, he proposed adapting the right-handed coordinate system, commonly used in physical sciences, to clinical electrocardiography and magnetocardiography for a more convenient and mathematically consistent analysis of the electric and magnetic fields produced by the human heart. He also addressed the shortcomings of earlier coordinate systems.
Focusing on the general solution for the application of magnetocardiography, he suggested that vector electro-magnetocardiography (VEMCG), i.e., combining VECG and VMCG leads to VEMCG, offering a diagnostic tool for cardiac conditions, with experimental evidence indicating improved accuracy.
In electric impedance tomography (EIT), Malmivuo and his co-authors demonstrated that the method generally used to construct the impedance tomography image needs to be corrected. Based on the principle of reciprocity.
Concentrating his research efforts on the optimizing of measurement schemes in EIT, he employed computer models to simulate sensitivity distributions for various commonly used measurement methods in EIT, including neighboring, cross, opposite, and adaptive methods. His research findings indicated that the cross and opposite methods provide the highest sensitivities, while the neighboring method is the least sensitive when considering single measurements.
In collaboration with Outi Väisänen, Malmivuo presented a novel multielectrode lead technique for scalp-recorded EEG signals, demonstrating improved signal-to-noise ratio through specific sensitivity distribution for deep brain sources and spatial averaging of noise based on theoretical analysis, simulations, and experimental measurements. Moreover, focusing his research efforts on the diagnosis of cardiac diseases, he provided theoretical and clinical evidence for increasing the number of electric and magnetic leads in medical diagnosis to improve diagnostic performance.
In 1980, Malmivuo conducted a comparative analysis of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) regarding their theory and practical applications in detecting bioelectric brain activity, applying reciprocity within the framework of lead field theory to enhance detector design and placement for improved measurement accuracy. His 1987 research with Jouko Puikkonen suggested that multichannel SQUID detectors improve the speed and spatial capabilities of magnetic detection of brain activity (MEG), allowing simultaneous recording from multiple locations and the ability to extract one-dimensional information through channel combinations. Expanding on the historical debate between bioelectric and biomagnetic measurements, his study presented evidence for their interdependence, compared the spatial resolutions of EEG and MEG, and concluded that while they do not offer similar spatial resolutions, recording both methods can provide additional information about brain activity with unique properties for specific applications. However, both MEG and EEG capture brain electric activity in a similar manner when using specific sensor types. Moreover, his joint study with Nevzat G. Gencer and others provided a comprehensive overview encompassing the techniques, obstacles, and unresolved matters pertaining to EEG and MEG source imaging. The paper also underscored the significance of conducting real-time measurements of conductivity on living tissue as a means to enhance both forward and inverse solutions and suggested the importance of meticulously recording details about the measurement setups, particularly concerning moisture and temperature levels. Altogether, he has written and co-written about 700 publications.
Malmivuo started his vocal studies and joined the Tampere Opera chorus in 1976; at the same time, he started his professorship at TUT. He studied singing in Finland and Germany. He also participated in the Opera Studio at the Sibelius Academy, Helsinki. He was later invited to sing as a soloist in the Tampere Opera and other operas in Finland. His roles included Il Commendatore (Mozart: Don Giovanni), Angelotti (Puccini: Tosca), Il Frate (Verdi: Don Carlos), Gremin (Tchaikovsky: Eugene Onegin), Bonzo (Puccini: Madama Butterfly), and Sarastro (Mozart: The Magic Flute). In addition to opera roles, he also gave church concerts and sang in several festive occasions in Finland and abroad. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jaakko A. Malmivuo is a Finnish engineer, academic, author, and opera singer. He was a professor of Bioelectromagnetism at Tampere University of Technology (TUT) from 1976 to 2010, an adjunct professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tampere as well as a visiting professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Electronics, and Medical Signal Processing at Technische Universität Berlin. Moreover, he was a director of the Ragnar Granit Institute at TUT from 1992.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Malmivuo is most known for his work on bioelectromagnetism, primarily focusing on the magnetic field of the heart and brain. Among his authored works are publications in academic journals, including IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering as well as books such as On the Detection of the Magnetic Heart Vector – An Application of the Reciprocity Theorem (doctoral thesis) and the book that he co-authored with Robert Plonsey: Bioelectromagnetism – Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Malmivuo is an IEEE Life Fellow, a fellow at the International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering, and a founding fellow at the European Alliance for Medical and Biological Engineering and Science.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "He is a founding member of the Finnish Society for Medical Physics and Medical Engineering and the Finnish Brain Research Society. Moreover, he founded the International Society for Bioelectromagnetism and is the founder and editor-in-chief of the first scientific open-access journal on the Internet, the International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Malmivuo completed his M.Sc. in Engineering from Helsinki University of Technology in 1971. In 1973, he obtained a Licentiate of Technology and a Doctor of Technology degree from the same institution in 1976.",
"title": "Education"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Malmivuo's academic career began at Helsinki University of Technology in 1970 as a research assistant and researcher, a position he held until 1972. Subsequently, from 1972 to 1975, he worked as a clinical engineer at Helsinki University Hospital, the First Medical Clinic. From 1974 to 1975, he was an Asla Fulbright Grantee, and from 1975 to 1976 a researcher at Stanford University, California. In 1976, he joined TUT and served as an associate professor of Bioelectromagnetism until 1985. In 1982, he received the Medal of Honor from the university for serving in 1980-1982 as Chairman of the Organizing Committee and Master of Ceremonies in 1982 in the First Solemn Conferment of the Academic Degrees (tohtoripromootio). Concurrently, he served as an acting professor of electronics from 1979 to 1980 and 1984–1985. In 1987, he was promoted to Professor of Bioelectromagnetism at TUT, a role he held until his retirement in 2010. Moreover, he also held the position of visiting professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Electronics, and Medical Signal Processing at Technische Universität Berlin from 2016 until 2020.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "From 1978 to 1992, Malmivuo worked as an opera singer (bass) at the Tampere Opera while maintaining academic responsibilities. He served as the president of the Finnish Society for Medical Physics and Medical Engineering from 1987 to 1990 and the President of the International Society for Bioelectromagnetism from 1995 to 1999.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Additionally, he was also the president of the 30th International Congress on Electrocardiology Helsinki in June 2003, which included the Midnight Sun Symposium at Saariselkä, Lapland.",
"title": "Career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Malmivuo's research is primarily centered on bioelectromagnetism. He has authored and co-authored 700 publications spanning the areas of electrocardiography, electroencephalography, magnetocardiography, and magnetoencephalography, including books, book chapters, and articles in peer-reviewed journals.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Malmivuo holds patents on several projects. Along with Sakari Oja and Juha Nousiainen, he developed a device that measures the bioelectric activity of the heart and nervous system by integrating data from both electric and magnetic field measurements generated by their bioelectrical functions. Moreover, he also developed a technique to monitor multiple superconducting quantum interferometers (also known as rf-SQUIDs).",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In his doctoral thesis titled \"On the detection of the magnetic heart vector – An application of the reciprocity theorem\", Malmivuo presented research in magnetocardiography, focusing on developing and evaluating lead systems for magnetic heart vector (MHV) detection through complex mathematical models and experimental methods, ultimately providing practical information for clinical applications in diagnosing heart-related conditions. In 1987, he authored the publication \"Magnetic Stimulation – Design of a Prototype and Preliminary Clinical Experiments\" which highlighted several advantages of magnetic stimulation over electric stimulation. Concentrating on bioelectromagnetism, his 1995 book with Robert Plonsey titled Bioelectromagnetism – Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields explored the intersection of engineering science and technology with biological cells and tissues that have electrical conductivity and excitability with a focus on theory, practical applications, and the development of new systems. In 2002 it was published on the Internet.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Malmivuo has used the principle of reciprocity to solve problems in bioelectromagnetism. When he started the research for his doctoral thesis at Stanford University in 1976, it was generally believed in two hypotheses that strongly supported the application of biomagnetism. Firstly, based on the Helmholtz theorem: \"Since the bioelectric and biomagnetic signals (like ECG and MCG) are independent, one should obtain as much new information from the heart with MCG as has been derived from ECG\". However, Malmivuo showed in 1995 that the Helmholtz theorem concerns the distribution of the electric and magnetic measurements' measurement sensitivities (lead fields). The ECG and MCG signals are only partially independent. A more comprehensive set of diagnostic information is obtained from the heart by combining ECG and MCG measurements to electromagnetocardiography, EMCG. Secondly: Since the skull has high electric resistivity, which scatters the measurement sensitivity of the EEG, and since the skull is transparent to magnetic fields, MEG should be able to focus its measurement sensitivity better than EEG. However, Malmivuo calculated the measurement sensitivity distributions of EEG and MEG and concluded that despite the high electric resistivity of the skull, the EEG better focuses its measurement. However, like in MCG, more significant insights into the brain's electric activity are obtained when utilizing both EEG and MEG as EMEG, instead of relying solely on EEG.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Malmivuo found that Magnetic stimulation is much better in brain stimulation since it stimulates the nerves in the scalp much less and makes brain stimulation painless. In his doctoral thesis, Malmivuo developed several lead systems for measuring the MHV. He also described the lead fields, i.e., the measurement sensitivity distributions of these systems. With clinical measurements, Malmivuo et al. demonstrated that all three dipolar ECG and three dipolar MCG leads have approximately similar diagnostic performance.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Malmivuo and his team found that when adding dipolar electric and magnetic leads to the measurement system, the total diagnostic performance increases the less, the more dipolar leads there already are. This behavior is independent of the order in which the electric and magnetic leads are added to the system. The experimental part of these studies was made in Malmivuo's laboratory at TUT, where in 1979, he constructed the first magnetically shielded room in the Nordic countries. The 2x2x2 m3 room is constructed from 45 mm thick aluminum boards and provided with Helmholtz coils, which compensate for the earth's static magnetic field. Its attenuation for 50 Hz magnetic field is 50 dB.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In his early research with William H. Barry and others, he proposed adapting the right-handed coordinate system, commonly used in physical sciences, to clinical electrocardiography and magnetocardiography for a more convenient and mathematically consistent analysis of the electric and magnetic fields produced by the human heart. He also addressed the shortcomings of earlier coordinate systems.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Focusing on the general solution for the application of magnetocardiography, he suggested that vector electro-magnetocardiography (VEMCG), i.e., combining VECG and VMCG leads to VEMCG, offering a diagnostic tool for cardiac conditions, with experimental evidence indicating improved accuracy.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "In electric impedance tomography (EIT), Malmivuo and his co-authors demonstrated that the method generally used to construct the impedance tomography image needs to be corrected. Based on the principle of reciprocity.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Concentrating his research efforts on the optimizing of measurement schemes in EIT, he employed computer models to simulate sensitivity distributions for various commonly used measurement methods in EIT, including neighboring, cross, opposite, and adaptive methods. His research findings indicated that the cross and opposite methods provide the highest sensitivities, while the neighboring method is the least sensitive when considering single measurements.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "In collaboration with Outi Väisänen, Malmivuo presented a novel multielectrode lead technique for scalp-recorded EEG signals, demonstrating improved signal-to-noise ratio through specific sensitivity distribution for deep brain sources and spatial averaging of noise based on theoretical analysis, simulations, and experimental measurements. Moreover, focusing his research efforts on the diagnosis of cardiac diseases, he provided theoretical and clinical evidence for increasing the number of electric and magnetic leads in medical diagnosis to improve diagnostic performance.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "In 1980, Malmivuo conducted a comparative analysis of magnetoencephalography (MEG) and electroencephalography (EEG) regarding their theory and practical applications in detecting bioelectric brain activity, applying reciprocity within the framework of lead field theory to enhance detector design and placement for improved measurement accuracy. His 1987 research with Jouko Puikkonen suggested that multichannel SQUID detectors improve the speed and spatial capabilities of magnetic detection of brain activity (MEG), allowing simultaneous recording from multiple locations and the ability to extract one-dimensional information through channel combinations. Expanding on the historical debate between bioelectric and biomagnetic measurements, his study presented evidence for their interdependence, compared the spatial resolutions of EEG and MEG, and concluded that while they do not offer similar spatial resolutions, recording both methods can provide additional information about brain activity with unique properties for specific applications. However, both MEG and EEG capture brain electric activity in a similar manner when using specific sensor types. Moreover, his joint study with Nevzat G. Gencer and others provided a comprehensive overview encompassing the techniques, obstacles, and unresolved matters pertaining to EEG and MEG source imaging. The paper also underscored the significance of conducting real-time measurements of conductivity on living tissue as a means to enhance both forward and inverse solutions and suggested the importance of meticulously recording details about the measurement setups, particularly concerning moisture and temperature levels. Altogether, he has written and co-written about 700 publications.",
"title": "Research"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Malmivuo started his vocal studies and joined the Tampere Opera chorus in 1976; at the same time, he started his professorship at TUT. He studied singing in Finland and Germany. He also participated in the Opera Studio at the Sibelius Academy, Helsinki. He was later invited to sing as a soloist in the Tampere Opera and other operas in Finland. His roles included Il Commendatore (Mozart: Don Giovanni), Angelotti (Puccini: Tosca), Il Frate (Verdi: Don Carlos), Gremin (Tchaikovsky: Eugene Onegin), Bonzo (Puccini: Madama Butterfly), and Sarastro (Mozart: The Magic Flute). In addition to opera roles, he also gave church concerts and sang in several festive occasions in Finland and abroad.",
"title": "Opera singing"
}
] | Jaakko A. Malmivuo is a Finnish engineer, academic, author, and opera singer. He was a professor of Bioelectromagnetism at Tampere University of Technology (TUT) from 1976 to 2010, an adjunct professor in the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Tampere as well as a visiting professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, Electronics, and Medical Signal Processing at Technische Universität Berlin. Moreover, he was a director of the Ragnar Granit Institute at TUT from 1992. Malmivuo is most known for his work on bioelectromagnetism, primarily focusing on the magnetic field of the heart and brain. Among his authored works are publications in academic journals, including IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering as well as books such as On the Detection of the Magnetic Heart Vector – An Application of the Reciprocity Theorem and the book that he co-authored with Robert Plonsey: Bioelectromagnetism – Principles and Applications of Bioelectric and Biomagnetic Fields. Malmivuo is an IEEE Life Fellow, a fellow at the International Academy of Medical and Biological Engineering, and a founding fellow at the European Alliance for Medical and Biological Engineering and Science. He is a founding member of the Finnish Society for Medical Physics and Medical Engineering and the Finnish Brain Research Society. Moreover, he founded the International Society for Bioelectromagnetism and is the founder and editor-in-chief of the first scientific open-access journal on the Internet, the International Journal of Bioelectromagnetism. | 2023-12-13T07:02:15Z | 2023-12-21T09:39:17Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jaakko_A._Malmivuo |
75,551,606 | 2023–24 UMass Lowell River Hawks women's basketball team | The 2023–24 UMass Lowell River Hawks women's basketball team represents the University of Massachusetts Lowell during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The River Hawks, led by third-year head coach Denise King, play their home games at the Costello Athletic Center, with two games being played at the Tsongas Center, both located in Lowell, Massachusetts, as members of the America East Conference.
The River Hawks finished the 2022–23 season 5–22, 4–12 in America East play to finish in seventh place. They were defeated by Albany in the quarterfinals of the America East tournament.
Sources: | [
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"text": "The 2023–24 UMass Lowell River Hawks women's basketball team represents the University of Massachusetts Lowell during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The River Hawks, led by third-year head coach Denise King, play their home games at the Costello Athletic Center, with two games being played at the Tsongas Center, both located in Lowell, Massachusetts, as members of the America East Conference.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The River Hawks finished the 2022–23 season 5–22, 4–12 in America East play to finish in seventh place. They were defeated by Albany in the quarterfinals of the America East tournament.",
"title": "Previous season"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Sources:",
"title": "Schedule and results"
}
] | The 2023–24 UMass Lowell River Hawks women's basketball team represents the University of Massachusetts Lowell during the 2023–24 NCAA Division I women's basketball season. The River Hawks, led by third-year head coach Denise King, play their home games at the Costello Athletic Center, with two games being played at the Tsongas Center, both located in Lowell, Massachusetts, as members of the America East Conference. | 2023-12-13T07:04:49Z | 2023-12-13T18:45:37Z | [
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75,551,627 | The Frontier Lord Begins with Zero Subjects | The Frontier Lord Begins with Zero Subjects (領民0人スタートの辺境領主様, Ryōmin 0-nin Start no Henkyō Ryōshu-sama) is a Japanese light novel series written by Fuurou and illustrated by Kinta. It began serialization as a web novel published on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō in January 2018. It was later acquired by Earth Star Entertainment who began publishing it under their Earth Star Novel imprint in October 2018. A manga adaptation illustrated by Yumbo began serialization on Earth Star Entertainment's Comic Earth Star manga website in December 2018.
Written by Fuurou, The Frontier Lord Begins with Zero Subjects began serialization as a web novel published on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō on January 20, 2018. It was later acquired by Earth Star Entertainment who began publishing it with illustrations by Kinta under their Earth Star Novel imprint on October 16, 2018. The light novels are licensed in English by J-Novel Club.
A manga adaptation illustrated by Yumbo began serialization on Earth Star Entertainment's Comic Earth Star manga website on December 25, 2018. The manga adaptation is also licensed in English by J-Novel Club.
The series has over 1 million copies in circulation as of August 2022. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Frontier Lord Begins with Zero Subjects (領民0人スタートの辺境領主様, Ryōmin 0-nin Start no Henkyō Ryōshu-sama) is a Japanese light novel series written by Fuurou and illustrated by Kinta. It began serialization as a web novel published on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō in January 2018. It was later acquired by Earth Star Entertainment who began publishing it under their Earth Star Novel imprint in October 2018. A manga adaptation illustrated by Yumbo began serialization on Earth Star Entertainment's Comic Earth Star manga website in December 2018.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Written by Fuurou, The Frontier Lord Begins with Zero Subjects began serialization as a web novel published on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō on January 20, 2018. It was later acquired by Earth Star Entertainment who began publishing it with illustrations by Kinta under their Earth Star Novel imprint on October 16, 2018. The light novels are licensed in English by J-Novel Club.",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "A manga adaptation illustrated by Yumbo began serialization on Earth Star Entertainment's Comic Earth Star manga website on December 25, 2018. The manga adaptation is also licensed in English by J-Novel Club.",
"title": "Media"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The series has over 1 million copies in circulation as of August 2022.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | The Frontier Lord Begins with Zero Subjects is a Japanese light novel series written by Fuurou and illustrated by Kinta. It began serialization as a web novel published on the user-generated novel publishing website Shōsetsuka ni Narō in January 2018. It was later acquired by Earth Star Entertainment who began publishing it under their Earth Star Novel imprint in October 2018. A manga adaptation illustrated by Yumbo began serialization on Earth Star Entertainment's Comic Earth Star manga website in December 2018. | 2023-12-13T07:07:40Z | 2023-12-31T11:34:03Z | [
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75,551,629 | Nike Killshot | Nike Killshot is a shoe released by Nike in 1979. Originally released as a tennis shoe, the shoe became popular for its sleek design and was eventually brought back as a lifestyle shoe.
The shoe was designed to be used in tennis, racquetball, and squash. An important design aspect was making sure it was versatile and light enough to be used on the court and not weigh down the player during a match.
The original model was made using mesh and suede. This was done to create a shoe that would allow the player to move easier and not be hindered by stiff movements. Many other tennis shoes at the time were still being made from leather which Nike believed limited a player movements while on the court.
The second release of the shoe is what catapulted it into popularity, especially in the men's fashion scene. J. Crew approached Nike to rerelease the shoe after a decade but this time as a fashion sneaker rather than an athletic sneaker. The rerelease was called the Killshot 2 and featured the same design as the original but with the mesh replaced with leather to give it a more elegant look. The shoe was exclusively sold through J. Crew and would immediately sell out whenever it was stocked in their store.
After J. Crew's bankruptcy, the exclusivity of some of the models was gone and Nike released those colorways everywhere along with new ones. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Nike Killshot is a shoe released by Nike in 1979. Originally released as a tennis shoe, the shoe became popular for its sleek design and was eventually brought back as a lifestyle shoe.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The shoe was designed to be used in tennis, racquetball, and squash. An important design aspect was making sure it was versatile and light enough to be used on the court and not weigh down the player during a match.",
"title": "Overview"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The original model was made using mesh and suede. This was done to create a shoe that would allow the player to move easier and not be hindered by stiff movements. Many other tennis shoes at the time were still being made from leather which Nike believed limited a player movements while on the court.",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The second release of the shoe is what catapulted it into popularity, especially in the men's fashion scene. J. Crew approached Nike to rerelease the shoe after a decade but this time as a fashion sneaker rather than an athletic sneaker. The rerelease was called the Killshot 2 and featured the same design as the original but with the mesh replaced with leather to give it a more elegant look. The shoe was exclusively sold through J. Crew and would immediately sell out whenever it was stocked in their store.",
"title": "Models"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "After J. Crew's bankruptcy, the exclusivity of some of the models was gone and Nike released those colorways everywhere along with new ones.",
"title": "Models"
}
] | Nike Killshot is a shoe released by Nike in 1979. Originally released as a tennis shoe, the shoe became popular for its sleek design and was eventually brought back as a lifestyle shoe. | 2023-12-13T07:08:11Z | 2023-12-31T19:53:46Z | [
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75,551,635 | BBS Terefayina | BBS Terefayina, owned by Buganda Kingdom, is a Ugandan television station with its main offices at Masengere building in Mengo along Bulange road in Kampala District.
Buganda Broadcasting Services limited was launched on 12 April 2016 owning its license and registered. It is owned by Buganda Kingdom led by Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi the king of Buganda Kingdom holding its transmitters at its headquarters at Masengere building in Mengo. On 26 April 2017, BBS Terefayina celebrated one year anniversary as a media broadcasting company that has managed to penetrate to the media market in Uganda. The company celebrated its seventh anniversary of broadcasting on the 19th August 2023.
BBS Terefayina has several media personalities like Diana Nabatanzi who presents Kiri Kitya show one of the most popular lunch hour television programs in Uganda, Tash Hubby, Florence Nampijja all known for their extreme media presence and all working as program presenters. The television network is also found on different pay TV channels like Startimes, DStv, Gotv and Free to Air decoders.
Diana Nabatanzi is a Ugandan film entertainer, television presenter, essayist and script writer. She is well known for her lunch hour TV program known as Kiri Kitya which airs every Monday to Friday at BBS Terefayina. In 2023, she won accolades from HiSkool awards as the Best TV Personality in Uganda for the year 2023. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "BBS Terefayina, owned by Buganda Kingdom, is a Ugandan television station with its main offices at Masengere building in Mengo along Bulange road in Kampala District.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Buganda Broadcasting Services limited was launched on 12 April 2016 owning its license and registered. It is owned by Buganda Kingdom led by Kabaka Ronald Muwenda Mutebi the king of Buganda Kingdom holding its transmitters at its headquarters at Masengere building in Mengo. On 26 April 2017, BBS Terefayina celebrated one year anniversary as a media broadcasting company that has managed to penetrate to the media market in Uganda. The company celebrated its seventh anniversary of broadcasting on the 19th August 2023.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "BBS Terefayina has several media personalities like Diana Nabatanzi who presents Kiri Kitya show one of the most popular lunch hour television programs in Uganda, Tash Hubby, Florence Nampijja all known for their extreme media presence and all working as program presenters. The television network is also found on different pay TV channels like Startimes, DStv, Gotv and Free to Air decoders.",
"title": "Background"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Diana Nabatanzi is a Ugandan film entertainer, television presenter, essayist and script writer. She is well known for her lunch hour TV program known as Kiri Kitya which airs every Monday to Friday at BBS Terefayina. In 2023, she won accolades from HiSkool awards as the Best TV Personality in Uganda for the year 2023.",
"title": "Personalities"
}
] | BBS Terefayina, owned by Buganda Kingdom, is a Ugandan television station with its main offices at Masengere building in Mengo along Bulange road in Kampala District. | 2023-12-13T07:09:31Z | 2023-12-30T00:52:07Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BBS_Terefayina |
75,551,638 | Yitzhak Ben-Bashat | Yitzhak Ben-Bashat (Hebrew: יצחק בן בשט; 1979 – 12 December 2023) was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) officer with the rank of Colonel. He served as the commander of the Yiftach Brigade, the commander of the Paran Brigade, a team commander at the Tactical Command College, and the commander of the Golani Reconnaissance Battalion.
On 12 December 2023, in the battles of 2023 Israel–Hamas war he was killed. Along with Asaf Hamami, Roi Levy and Yonatan Steinberg, they are the most senior IDF officers killed in this war.
Ben-Bashat grew up in Neve Tzuf. He enlisted in the IDF, was placed in the Golani Brigade, and was accepted into the Egoz unit. He underwent training as a fighter, completed an infantry commanders course, and an infantry officers course. After finishing the course, he returned to the Egoz unit and was appointed a team commander. Later, he served as the commander of a support company in Battalion 51. Subsequently, he served in the Sayeret Shaldag unit and held several command positions. He was then appointed the deputy commander of the Egoz unit and served in this role during Operation Protective Edge. During the operation, he temporarily replaced the unit commander, Yonatan Rom, following his injury.
In January 2015, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel and appointed commander of the Golani Reconnaissance Battalion, a position he held until 22 June 2016. Afterwards, he served as a team commander at the Tactical Command College between 2016 and 2018. On 22 August 2018, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and appointed commander of the Sagi Brigade. During his tenure, on 28 November 2018, the brigade was disbanded and replaced under his command with the Paran Brigade. He served in this role until 18 August 2020. Subsequently, he was appointed a team commander in the company and battalion commanders' course between 2020 and 2021. On 8 August 2021, he was appointed the commander of the Yiftach Brigade, a position he held until September 2023.
He was among 10 Israeli soldiers killed 12 December 2023 in an ambush by Palestinian fighters in Shuja'iyya. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Yitzhak Ben-Bashat (Hebrew: יצחק בן בשט; 1979 – 12 December 2023) was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) officer with the rank of Colonel. He served as the commander of the Yiftach Brigade, the commander of the Paran Brigade, a team commander at the Tactical Command College, and the commander of the Golani Reconnaissance Battalion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "On 12 December 2023, in the battles of 2023 Israel–Hamas war he was killed. Along with Asaf Hamami, Roi Levy and Yonatan Steinberg, they are the most senior IDF officers killed in this war.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Ben-Bashat grew up in Neve Tzuf. He enlisted in the IDF, was placed in the Golani Brigade, and was accepted into the Egoz unit. He underwent training as a fighter, completed an infantry commanders course, and an infantry officers course. After finishing the course, he returned to the Egoz unit and was appointed a team commander. Later, he served as the commander of a support company in Battalion 51. Subsequently, he served in the Sayeret Shaldag unit and held several command positions. He was then appointed the deputy commander of the Egoz unit and served in this role during Operation Protective Edge. During the operation, he temporarily replaced the unit commander, Yonatan Rom, following his injury.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In January 2015, he was promoted to the rank of Colonel and appointed commander of the Golani Reconnaissance Battalion, a position he held until 22 June 2016. Afterwards, he served as a team commander at the Tactical Command College between 2016 and 2018. On 22 August 2018, he was promoted to the rank of Lieutenant Colonel and appointed commander of the Sagi Brigade. During his tenure, on 28 November 2018, the brigade was disbanded and replaced under his command with the Paran Brigade. He served in this role until 18 August 2020. Subsequently, he was appointed a team commander in the company and battalion commanders' course between 2020 and 2021. On 8 August 2021, he was appointed the commander of the Yiftach Brigade, a position he held until September 2023.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "He was among 10 Israeli soldiers killed 12 December 2023 in an ambush by Palestinian fighters in Shuja'iyya.",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Yitzhak Ben-Bashat was an Israel Defense Forces (IDF) officer with the rank of Colonel. He served as the commander of the Yiftach Brigade, the commander of the Paran Brigade, a team commander at the Tactical Command College, and the commander of the Golani Reconnaissance Battalion. On 12 December 2023, in the battles of 2023 Israel–Hamas war he was killed. Along with Asaf Hamami, Roi Levy and Yonatan Steinberg, they are the most senior IDF officers killed in this war. | 2023-12-13T07:09:57Z | 2023-12-31T13:54:18Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yitzhak_Ben-Bashat |
75,551,647 | Ossidingia | Ossidingia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.
Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ossidingia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Burundi, Cameroon, Congo, Kenya, Malawi, Rwanda, South Africa, Tanzania, Uganda.",
"title": "Distribution"
}
] | Ossidingia is a genus of flies in the family Tachinidae. | 2023-12-13T07:10:42Z | 2023-12-13T07:10:42Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ossidingia |
75,551,753 | The Star You Wished Upon Last Night | "The Star You Wished Upon Last Night" was a song recorded by Gisele MacKenzie. It was released on the Vik label and became a hit for her in 1956. It was also recorded by Nick Noble and Jeannie Carson.
"The Star You Wished Upon Last Night" was composed by Jimmy McHugh and Buddy Kaye. It was backed with "It's Delightful to Be Married" by Anna Held and Vincent Scotto. Gisele Mackenzie sang lead on both sides, and the backing was provided by Richard Maltby and His Orchestra. The recordings were released on single, Vik 4X-0233 in October, 1956.
The single had a review in the This Week's Best Buys section of the November 24 issue of The Billboard. Since it was released it had made good progress, but in the last ten days prior to the review, it had gathered some great momentum. Saying that it could be a "dangerous" record, the good potential of the record was noted. The B side, "It's Delightful to Be Married" was getting good attention in some key cities.
For the week of November 17, "The Star You Wished Upon Last Night" was at no. 9 on Johnny Micheals' playlist of WOKY in Milwaukee, Wisc. It was listed in the radio section of Tunes With Greatest Radio - TV Audience feature for the week of November 24. It was reported by The Billboard in the December 1 issue that was getting good radio coverage. It was shown in the December 15 issue of The Billboard that a survey of NBC affiliate stations for records receiving the most airplay showed the record was the top single in Detroit.
The song was one of the top juke box records in Milwaukee as recorded by the December 15 issue of The Billboard.
On the week ending November 24, the record was at no. 9 in the Coming Up Strong section. On the week ending December 1, the song was at no. 8 on the Coming Up Strong chart in The Billboard.
It made it to no. 42 in the US main chart. The Top40Weekly website has it entering at no. 70 in the New This Week section for the week ending 31st October, 1956, and two weeks at no. 42 in the Power Hits section for the week ending 5th December, 1956.
Nick Noble's version of "The Star You Wished Upon Last Night" was backed with "You Don’t Know What Love Is" and released on Mercury 70981 in 1956.
Jeannie Carson recorded a version of the song which was released on Decca 3113 in 1956.
Dickie Valentine recorded a version which was released in 1989. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "\"The Star You Wished Upon Last Night\" was a song recorded by Gisele MacKenzie. It was released on the Vik label and became a hit for her in 1956. It was also recorded by Nick Noble and Jeannie Carson.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "\"The Star You Wished Upon Last Night\" was composed by Jimmy McHugh and Buddy Kaye. It was backed with \"It's Delightful to Be Married\" by Anna Held and Vincent Scotto. Gisele Mackenzie sang lead on both sides, and the backing was provided by Richard Maltby and His Orchestra. The recordings were released on single, Vik 4X-0233 in October, 1956.",
"title": "Gisele MacKenzie version"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The single had a review in the This Week's Best Buys section of the November 24 issue of The Billboard. Since it was released it had made good progress, but in the last ten days prior to the review, it had gathered some great momentum. Saying that it could be a \"dangerous\" record, the good potential of the record was noted. The B side, \"It's Delightful to Be Married\" was getting good attention in some key cities.",
"title": "Gisele MacKenzie version"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "For the week of November 17, \"The Star You Wished Upon Last Night\" was at no. 9 on Johnny Micheals' playlist of WOKY in Milwaukee, Wisc. It was listed in the radio section of Tunes With Greatest Radio - TV Audience feature for the week of November 24. It was reported by The Billboard in the December 1 issue that was getting good radio coverage. It was shown in the December 15 issue of The Billboard that a survey of NBC affiliate stations for records receiving the most airplay showed the record was the top single in Detroit.",
"title": "Gisele MacKenzie version"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The song was one of the top juke box records in Milwaukee as recorded by the December 15 issue of The Billboard.",
"title": "Gisele MacKenzie version"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "On the week ending November 24, the record was at no. 9 in the Coming Up Strong section. On the week ending December 1, the song was at no. 8 on the Coming Up Strong chart in The Billboard.",
"title": "Gisele MacKenzie version"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "It made it to no. 42 in the US main chart. The Top40Weekly website has it entering at no. 70 in the New This Week section for the week ending 31st October, 1956, and two weeks at no. 42 in the Power Hits section for the week ending 5th December, 1956.",
"title": "Gisele MacKenzie version"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Nick Noble's version of \"The Star You Wished Upon Last Night\" was backed with \"You Don’t Know What Love Is\" and released on Mercury 70981 in 1956.",
"title": "Nick Noble version"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Jeannie Carson recorded a version of the song which was released on Decca 3113 in 1956.",
"title": "Other versions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Dickie Valentine recorded a version which was released in 1989.",
"title": "Other versions"
}
] | "The Star You Wished Upon Last Night" was a song recorded by Gisele MacKenzie. It was released on the Vik label and became a hit for her in 1956. It was also recorded by Nick Noble and Jeannie Carson. | 2023-12-13T07:35:14Z | 2023-12-24T15:27:38Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Infobox song"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Star_You_Wished_Upon_Last_Night |
75,551,763 | 2024 Delaware lieutenant gubernatorial election | The 2024 Delaware lieutenant gubernatorial election will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Delaware, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various other state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Lieutenant Governor Bethany Hall-Long is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third term in office; she is instead running for governor. The filing deadline is July 9, 2024, with primaries being held on September 10.
No Republican candidates have announced their campaigns yet. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024 Delaware lieutenant gubernatorial election will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Delaware, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various other state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Lieutenant Governor Bethany Hall-Long is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third term in office; she is instead running for governor. The filing deadline is July 9, 2024, with primaries being held on September 10.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "No Republican candidates have announced their campaigns yet.",
"title": "Republican primary"
}
] | The 2024 Delaware lieutenant gubernatorial election will be held on November 5, 2024, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Delaware, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various other state and local elections. Incumbent Democratic Lieutenant Governor Bethany Hall-Long is term-limited and cannot seek re-election to a third term in office; she is instead running for governor. The filing deadline is July 9, 2024, with primaries being held on September 10. | 2023-12-13T07:37:46Z | 2023-12-20T04:22:53Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_Delaware_lieutenant_gubernatorial_election |
75,551,786 | Langarth Garden Village | Langarth Garden Village is a planned community near Truro, Cornwall, England.
In 2021, planning permission was granted for 3,550 homes on the edge of Truro. At completion Langarth Garden Village will house 10,000 people.
The plans to build the village are supported by Cornwall Council. The council has invested £160 million into the project. The homes are proposed to be built over a period of 20 to 25 years. The project is one of 14 garden villages proposed by the government. The plans also include parks and public open spaces, cultural facilities and a mix of community buildings. This includes a proposed Langarth Forest School. The land formerly earmarked for the Stadium for Cornwall was later allocated for the construction of a new Community Sports Hub located at the edge of the Park and Ride, for a home for Truro City Football Club. The Minister of State for Housing Kit Malthouse allocated funds due to the plans including green spaces and natural environments for local communities.
In July 2023, the construction of Fordh Langarth began. The road will link the A390 road through Langarth to the Royal Cornwall Hospital at Treliske.
Despite Cornwall having a large shortage of affordable housing, only 35% of the houses will be affordable. Cornwall Council has been criticised for lack of consultation. Current residents of the area are at risk of being displaced. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Langarth Garden Village is a planned community near Truro, Cornwall, England.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "In 2021, planning permission was granted for 3,550 homes on the edge of Truro. At completion Langarth Garden Village will house 10,000 people.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The plans to build the village are supported by Cornwall Council. The council has invested £160 million into the project. The homes are proposed to be built over a period of 20 to 25 years. The project is one of 14 garden villages proposed by the government. The plans also include parks and public open spaces, cultural facilities and a mix of community buildings. This includes a proposed Langarth Forest School. The land formerly earmarked for the Stadium for Cornwall was later allocated for the construction of a new Community Sports Hub located at the edge of the Park and Ride, for a home for Truro City Football Club. The Minister of State for Housing Kit Malthouse allocated funds due to the plans including green spaces and natural environments for local communities.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In July 2023, the construction of Fordh Langarth began. The road will link the A390 road through Langarth to the Royal Cornwall Hospital at Treliske.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Despite Cornwall having a large shortage of affordable housing, only 35% of the houses will be affordable. Cornwall Council has been criticised for lack of consultation. Current residents of the area are at risk of being displaced.",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Langarth Garden Village is a planned community near Truro, Cornwall, England. | 2023-12-13T07:41:36Z | 2023-12-17T17:34:19Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langarth_Garden_Village |
75,551,791 | CP/NNLS | CP/NNLS, standing for "ChromoPainter (CP) non-negative least squares (NNLS)" is a statistical method used in genetics. "ChromoPainter" is the name of a tool for finding haplotypes in sequence data, in which each individual is "painted" as a combination of all other sequences. It is used in Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to create data summaries, or dating admixture events. Non-negative least squares (NNLS) is a kind of regression analysis, which aims at finding the best possible correlation between a large set of dependent variables. It here used within the functionalities of ChromoPainter.
CP/NNLS is often used in conjunction with qpAdm. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "CP/NNLS, standing for \"ChromoPainter (CP) non-negative least squares (NNLS)\" is a statistical method used in genetics. \"ChromoPainter\" is the name of a tool for finding haplotypes in sequence data, in which each individual is \"painted\" as a combination of all other sequences. It is used in Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to create data summaries, or dating admixture events. Non-negative least squares (NNLS) is a kind of regression analysis, which aims at finding the best possible correlation between a large set of dependent variables. It here used within the functionalities of ChromoPainter.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "CP/NNLS is often used in conjunction with qpAdm.",
"title": ""
}
] | CP/NNLS, standing for "ChromoPainter (CP) non-negative least squares (NNLS)" is a statistical method used in genetics. "ChromoPainter" is the name of a tool for finding haplotypes in sequence data, in which each individual is "painted" as a combination of all other sequences. It is used in Principal Components Analysis (PCA) to create data summaries, or dating admixture events. Non-negative least squares (NNLS) is a kind of regression analysis, which aims at finding the best possible correlation between a large set of dependent variables. It here used within the functionalities of ChromoPainter. CP/NNLS is often used in conjunction with qpAdm. | 2023-12-13T07:41:58Z | 2023-12-16T00:09:20Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite web"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CP/NNLS |
75,551,794 | G7522 Guiyang–Beihai Expressway | The G7522 Guiyang–Beihai Expressway (Chinese: 贵阳—北海高速公路), also referred to as the Zhubei Expressway (Chinese: 筑北高速公路), is an under construction expressway in China that connects Guiyang, Guizhou to Beihai, Guangxi.
The expressway starts in Wudang District, Guiyang, and passes through Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hechi, Nanning and Qinzhou before terminating in Haicheng District, Beihai. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The G7522 Guiyang–Beihai Expressway (Chinese: 贵阳—北海高速公路), also referred to as the Zhubei Expressway (Chinese: 筑北高速公路), is an under construction expressway in China that connects Guiyang, Guizhou to Beihai, Guangxi.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The expressway starts in Wudang District, Guiyang, and passes through Qiannan Buyei and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Hechi, Nanning and Qinzhou before terminating in Haicheng District, Beihai.",
"title": "Route"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "",
"title": "References"
}
] | The G7522 Guiyang–Beihai Expressway, also referred to as the Zhubei Expressway, is an under construction expressway in China that connects Guiyang, Guizhou to Beihai, Guangxi. | 2023-12-13T07:42:15Z | 2023-12-13T21:22:16Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G7522_Guiyang%E2%80%93Beihai_Expressway |
75,551,797 | List of Undead Unluck characters | This is a list of characters of the manga series Undead Unluck. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This is a list of characters of the manga series Undead Unluck.",
"title": ""
}
] | This is a list of characters of the manga series Undead Unluck. | 2023-12-13T07:42:55Z | 2023-12-29T21:31:49Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Nihongo",
"Template:Voiced by",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Undead_Unluck_characters |
75,551,798 | Yashdeep Siwach | Yashdeep Siwach (born 26 December 2000) is an Indian field hockey player from Haryana. He plays as a defender for the Indian national team and represents Railway Sports Promotion Board in domestic tournaments.
Yashdeep hails from Sonepat, Haryana. She is the son of former Indian women's hockey team captain Pritam Rani Siwach and Kuldeep Siwach, also a hockey player. He has a sister, Kanika.
Yashdeep made his India debut at the Asian Youth Olympic Qualifier, Bangkok, in 2018. Later, after attending a National camp at Bengaluru, he was selected to play the Sultan of Johor Cup in 2018, where India won a silver medal. In 2021, he represented India at the FIH Odisha Hockey Men's Junior World Cup Bhubaneswar 2021, where India finished fourth. In June 2023, Hockey India announced it's senior men core group of 39 players for the National Camp at SAI, Bengaluru and Yashdeep was included in the list. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Yashdeep Siwach (born 26 December 2000) is an Indian field hockey player from Haryana. He plays as a defender for the Indian national team and represents Railway Sports Promotion Board in domestic tournaments.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Yashdeep hails from Sonepat, Haryana. She is the son of former Indian women's hockey team captain Pritam Rani Siwach and Kuldeep Siwach, also a hockey player. He has a sister, Kanika.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Yashdeep made his India debut at the Asian Youth Olympic Qualifier, Bangkok, in 2018. Later, after attending a National camp at Bengaluru, he was selected to play the Sultan of Johor Cup in 2018, where India won a silver medal. In 2021, he represented India at the FIH Odisha Hockey Men's Junior World Cup Bhubaneswar 2021, where India finished fourth. In June 2023, Hockey India announced it's senior men core group of 39 players for the National Camp at SAI, Bengaluru and Yashdeep was included in the list.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Yashdeep Siwach is an Indian field hockey player from Haryana. He plays as a defender for the Indian national team and represents Railway Sports Promotion Board in domestic tournaments. | 2023-12-13T07:42:57Z | 2023-12-29T09:45:56Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yashdeep_Siwach |
75,551,803 | Intimidation Games (2024) | Intimidation Games (2024) is an upcoming professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which will take place on February 29, 2024, at the Melrose Ballroom in Queens, New York. It will be the fourth event under the Intimidation Games chronology and stream live on Triller TV, with additional matches being taped for future episodes of MLW Fusion.
Intimidation Games is a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling. On November 7, 2018, MLW.com announced that MLW would hold an event in Chicago on March 2, 2019 titled Intimidation Games, which was first held as a television taping for Fusion on May 3, 2018. The next Intimidation Games was produced as a live televised special episode of Fusion on beIN Sports on March 2, 2019, thereby establishing Intimidation Games as an annual event for MLW.
On December 18, 2023, MLW announced that the fourth Intimidation Games would place on February 29, 2024, at the Melrose Ballroom in Queens, New York.
The card will consist of matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers. Storylines are played out on MLW's television program Fusion. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Intimidation Games (2024) is an upcoming professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which will take place on February 29, 2024, at the Melrose Ballroom in Queens, New York. It will be the fourth event under the Intimidation Games chronology and stream live on Triller TV, with additional matches being taped for future episodes of MLW Fusion.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Intimidation Games is a professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling. On November 7, 2018, MLW.com announced that MLW would hold an event in Chicago on March 2, 2019 titled Intimidation Games, which was first held as a television taping for Fusion on May 3, 2018. The next Intimidation Games was produced as a live televised special episode of Fusion on beIN Sports on March 2, 2019, thereby establishing Intimidation Games as an annual event for MLW.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On December 18, 2023, MLW announced that the fourth Intimidation Games would place on February 29, 2024, at the Melrose Ballroom in Queens, New York.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The card will consist of matches that result from scripted storylines, where wrestlers portray villains, heroes, or less distinguishable characters in scripted events that built tension and culminate in a wrestling match or series of matches, with results predetermined by MLW's writers. Storylines are played out on MLW's television program Fusion.",
"title": "Production"
}
] | Intimidation Games (2024) is an upcoming professional wrestling supercard event produced by Major League Wrestling (MLW), which will take place on February 29, 2024, at the Melrose Ballroom in Queens, New York. It will be the fourth event under the Intimidation Games chronology and stream live on Triller TV, with additional matches being taped for future episodes of MLW Fusion. | 2023-12-13T07:44:31Z | 2023-12-31T07:20:32Z | [
"Template:Short description",
"Template:Infobox Wrestling event",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite web",
"Template:MLWPPV"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intimidation_Games_(2024) |
75,551,806 | Ratheena PT | Ratheena PT is an Indian film director and producer who predominantly works in Malayalam films. She directed Puzhu.
Ratheena started her film career in 2010 as an assistant to Malayalam director Revathi. Her debut as an independent director was marked by the release of the movie Puzhu Featuring Mammootty, Parvathy Thiruvothu, Nedumudi Venu, Athmiya Rajan, Indrans and Malavika Menon. Ratheena has directed the film. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Ratheena PT is an Indian film director and producer who predominantly works in Malayalam films. She directed Puzhu.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Ratheena started her film career in 2010 as an assistant to Malayalam director Revathi. Her debut as an independent director was marked by the release of the movie Puzhu Featuring Mammootty, Parvathy Thiruvothu, Nedumudi Venu, Athmiya Rajan, Indrans and Malavika Menon. Ratheena has directed the film.",
"title": "Biography"
}
] | Ratheena PT is an Indian film director and producer who predominantly works in Malayalam films. She directed Puzhu. | 2023-12-13T07:45:11Z | 2023-12-29T03:06:24Z | [
"Template:Cite web",
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"Template:India-film-director-stub",
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Infobox person",
"Template:Reflist"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ratheena_PT |
75,551,808 | Abigail (2023 film) | Abigail is a 2023 horror thriller film directed by Melissa Vitello and written by Gunnar Garrett. The film stars Ava Cantrell, Tren Reed-Brown, Hermione Lynch, Gene Farber and Karimah Westbrook.
A problematic teenager makes friends with her tormented neighbor in 1976, but her obsession turns deadly when she seeks revenge on those who did him wrong.
The film was produced by Dark Gravity Studios.
The film was released on video on demand on December 5, 2023 and was distributed by Dark Star Pictures.
Albert Valentin at Wold Film Geek scored the film an A-. Loron Hays at Reel Reviews scored it 4 out of 5 and said it was "certainly on-point with its take on the slasher genre." Jim Morazzini at Nerdly gave it a 2.5 out of 5 claiming it was not "particularly memorable or exciting." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Abigail is a 2023 horror thriller film directed by Melissa Vitello and written by Gunnar Garrett. The film stars Ava Cantrell, Tren Reed-Brown, Hermione Lynch, Gene Farber and Karimah Westbrook.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "A problematic teenager makes friends with her tormented neighbor in 1976, but her obsession turns deadly when she seeks revenge on those who did him wrong.",
"title": "Plot"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "The film was produced by Dark Gravity Studios.",
"title": "Production"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The film was released on video on demand on December 5, 2023 and was distributed by Dark Star Pictures.",
"title": "Release"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Albert Valentin at Wold Film Geek scored the film an A-. Loron Hays at Reel Reviews scored it 4 out of 5 and said it was \"certainly on-point with its take on the slasher genre.\" Jim Morazzini at Nerdly gave it a 2.5 out of 5 claiming it was not \"particularly memorable or exciting.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Abigail is a 2023 horror thriller film directed by Melissa Vitello and written by Gunnar Garrett. The film stars Ava Cantrell, Tren Reed-Brown, Hermione Lynch, Gene Farber and Karimah Westbrook. | 2023-12-13T07:45:15Z | 2023-12-22T01:20:54Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abigail_(2023_film) |
75,551,815 | 2016 International Wildcard Invitational | The 2016 International Wildcard Invitational (2016 IWCI) is a tournament held in between the spring and summer splits (northern hemisphere) of all Wildcard regions. The winner qualifies for the 2016 Mid-Season Invitational.
8 teams from 8 countries/areas
As of this edit, this article uses content from "Garena Premier League", which is licensed in a way that permits reuse under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License, but not under the GFDL. All relevant terms must be followed. | [
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"title": "Qualified teams"
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"title": "External links"
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] | The 2016 International Wildcard Invitational is a tournament held in between the spring and summer splits of all Wildcard regions. The winner qualifies for the 2016 Mid-Season Invitational. | 2023-12-13T07:45:45Z | 2023-12-20T10:10:12Z | [
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75,551,819 | Mount Laurens | Mount Laurens is a 10,042-foot-elevation (3,061-meter) mountain summit in Alaska.
Mount Laurens is located 68 miles (109 km) northwest of Talkeetna in Denali National Park and the Alaska Range. It is set 10.56 mi (17 km) south-southwest of Mount Foraker and 24.23 mi (39 km) southwest of Denali. Topographic relief is significant as the east face rises over 4,500 feet (1,372 meters) in 0.75 mile (1.2 km). The glaciated peak ranks as the 507th-highest summit in Alaska. The first ascent of the summit was made in 1997 by Thomas Bubendorfer, solo, via the north face and west ridge. The mountain's toponym was applied by Thomas Bubendorfer, and the mountain is named after his son, Laurens, 10-years-old at that time. The second ascent, first via the Northeast Buttress, was made on May 21, 2013, by Graham Zimmerman and Mark Allen.
Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Laurens is located in a tundra climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems are forced upwards by the Alaska Range (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −20 °F. This climate supports the Yentna Glacier west of the peak and Lacuna Glacier to the east. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing. | [
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"text": "Mount Laurens is located 68 miles (109 km) northwest of Talkeetna in Denali National Park and the Alaska Range. It is set 10.56 mi (17 km) south-southwest of Mount Foraker and 24.23 mi (39 km) southwest of Denali. Topographic relief is significant as the east face rises over 4,500 feet (1,372 meters) in 0.75 mile (1.2 km). The glaciated peak ranks as the 507th-highest summit in Alaska. The first ascent of the summit was made in 1997 by Thomas Bubendorfer, solo, via the north face and west ridge. The mountain's toponym was applied by Thomas Bubendorfer, and the mountain is named after his son, Laurens, 10-years-old at that time. The second ascent, first via the Northeast Buttress, was made on May 21, 2013, by Graham Zimmerman and Mark Allen.",
"title": "Description"
},
{
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"text": "Based on the Köppen climate classification, Mount Laurens is located in a tundra climate zone with long, cold, snowy winters, and cool summers. Weather systems are forced upwards by the Alaska Range (orographic lift), causing heavy precipitation in the form of snowfall. Winter temperatures can drop below −10 °F with wind chill factors below −20 °F. This climate supports the Yentna Glacier west of the peak and Lacuna Glacier to the east. The months May through June offer the most favorable weather for viewing or climbing.",
"title": "Climate"
}
] | Mount Laurens is a 10,042-foot-elevation (3,061-meter) mountain summit in Alaska. | 2023-12-13T07:45:55Z | 2023-12-13T09:42:16Z | [
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75,551,830 | 2024 in Turkmenistan | This is a list of notable individuals and events related to Turkmenistan in 2024.
Source: | [
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"title": ""
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"title": "Holidays"
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] | This is a list of notable individuals and events related to Turkmenistan in 2024. | 2023-12-13T07:47:49Z | 2023-12-31T19:50:14Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2024_in_Turkmenistan |
75,551,833 | 1804 Risdon Cove massacre | On 3 May 1804 a number of aboriginal Tasmanians were killed by guards of the fledgling British settlement at Risdon Cove, Van Diemen's Land. The events occurred in mysterious circumstances, perhaps as the result of a misunderstanding.
The original records show that on 3 May 1804 a large group of aboriginals walked into the fledgling settlement at Risdon Cove. The settlement's guards mistakenly thought they were under attack and killed some of the intruders.
About 300 aboriginals, men, women and children, who had banded together approached the Risdon Cove settlement whilst occupied on a kangaroo hunt. The aboriginal people had arrived at the settlement and some were upset by the presence of the colonists. There had been no widespread aggression, but if their displeasure spread and escalated, Lieutenant Moore, the commanding officer at the time, and his dozen or so soldiers, could not be expected to be able to protect the settlement from a mob of such size. The soldiers were therefore ordered to fire a 12-pounder carronade (a short-barrel, heavy calibre naval cannon known to sailors as "the smasher") in an attempt to disperse the aboriginals. The Reverend Robert Knopwood heard "roar of the cannon at Risdon at 2 p.m". That being said, at least a second shot would be necessary to adjust the elevation and windage. The 12-pounder carronade was one of two ordered to be salvaged from the ship Investigator, by Governor King and given to Lieutenant Bowen, "unmounted". The 12-pounder carronade weighed 330 kg (728 lb). A carronade is a short, smoothbore, cast-iron cannon which was used by the Royal Navy. It was first produced by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, and was used from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century. It was probably a blank round, although some historians allege grape shot was used to explain an alleged but uncorroborated high figure of deaths.
In addition, two soldiers fired Brown Bess muskets in protection of a Risdon Cove settler being beaten on his farm by aboriginals carrying waddies (clubs). Bear in mind a well disciplined and trained soldier could reload and fire the flintlock musket once every 20 seconds. The Brown Bess musket is a muzzle-loading, smooth bore, 990 mm long barrel, flintlock, weighing about 5 kg, shooting a 0.75 calibre projectile. Its effective firing range is 100 to 300 metres. It was also used as a melee weapon.
The affray began at 11:00 in the morning and the final shot, the carronade, was heard in Hobart 3 hours later. That is 10,800 seconds. The Rate of Fire is 20 seconds so there were 540 reloads and shots fired, if a soldier's powder was dry and there were no misfires. When you multiply that by the number of soldiers armed with the Brown Bess musket and there would be thousands of musket balls, but the only musket balls found were slag, in a fireplace, along with a musket ball probably to emit heat on cold damp nights.
In To All Sportsmen (1814) Colonel George Hanger wrote, "A soldier's musket, if not exceedingly ill-bored (as many are), will strike a figure of a man at 80 yards; it may even at a hundred; but a soldier must be very unfortunate indeed who shall be wounded by a common musket at 150 yards, providing his antagonist aims at him; and as to firing at a man at 200 yards with a common musket, you may as well fire at the moon and have the same hope of hitting him. I do maintain and will prove that no man was ever killed at 200 yards, by a common musket, by the person who aimed at him."
These soldiers killed one aboriginal outright, and mortally wounded another, who was later found dead in a valley. Moore's account lists three killed and some wounded. It is therefore known that in the conflict some aboriginals were killed, and that the colonists "had reason to Suppose more were wounded, as one was seen to be taken away bleeding". It is also known that an infant boy about 2–3 years old was left behind in what was viewed as a "retreat from a hostile attempt made upon the borders of the settlement".
"There were a great many of the Natives slaughtered and wounded", according to the Edward White, an Irish convict who later spoke before a committee of inquiry nearly 30 years later in 1830, but could not give exact figures. White alleged to have been an eyewitness, although he was working in a creek bed where the escarpment prevented him from viewing events. Claiming to be the first to see the approaching aboriginals, he also said that "the natives did not threaten me; I was not afraid of them; (they) did not attack the soldiers; they would not have molested them; they had no spears with them; only waddies". That they had no spears with them is questionable, and White's claims need to be assessed with caution.
In Truth-Telling at Risdon Cove (2022), George Brown, Roger Karge, and Scott Seymour provide documentary evidence that the Edward White, who gave eye-witness testimony before the 16 March 1830 Broughton Committee, was not actually present at the massacre. The only possible Edward White, who boarded the Atlas in Cork on 29 November 1801, did not arrive at Port Jackson till 7 July 1802.
The other Edward Whites transported to the colony were:
His contemporaries had believed the approach to be a potential attack by a group of aboriginals that greatly outnumbered the colonists in the area, and spoke of "an attack the natives made", their "hostile Appearance", and "that their design was to attack us".
A macabre postscript to the story was an allegation that the bones of some of the Aboriginal people were shipped to Sydney in two casks. There is no documentary evidence of this, and the description of these killings as a massacre has been disputed. | [
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"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The original records show that on 3 May 1804 a large group of aboriginals walked into the fledgling settlement at Risdon Cove. The settlement's guards mistakenly thought they were under attack and killed some of the intruders.",
"title": "Events"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "About 300 aboriginals, men, women and children, who had banded together approached the Risdon Cove settlement whilst occupied on a kangaroo hunt. The aboriginal people had arrived at the settlement and some were upset by the presence of the colonists. There had been no widespread aggression, but if their displeasure spread and escalated, Lieutenant Moore, the commanding officer at the time, and his dozen or so soldiers, could not be expected to be able to protect the settlement from a mob of such size. The soldiers were therefore ordered to fire a 12-pounder carronade (a short-barrel, heavy calibre naval cannon known to sailors as \"the smasher\") in an attempt to disperse the aboriginals. The Reverend Robert Knopwood heard \"roar of the cannon at Risdon at 2 p.m\". That being said, at least a second shot would be necessary to adjust the elevation and windage. The 12-pounder carronade was one of two ordered to be salvaged from the ship Investigator, by Governor King and given to Lieutenant Bowen, \"unmounted\". The 12-pounder carronade weighed 330 kg (728 lb). A carronade is a short, smoothbore, cast-iron cannon which was used by the Royal Navy. It was first produced by the Carron Company, an ironworks in Falkirk, Scotland, and was used from the mid-18th century to the mid-19th century. It was probably a blank round, although some historians allege grape shot was used to explain an alleged but uncorroborated high figure of deaths.",
"title": "Events"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In addition, two soldiers fired Brown Bess muskets in protection of a Risdon Cove settler being beaten on his farm by aboriginals carrying waddies (clubs). Bear in mind a well disciplined and trained soldier could reload and fire the flintlock musket once every 20 seconds. The Brown Bess musket is a muzzle-loading, smooth bore, 990 mm long barrel, flintlock, weighing about 5 kg, shooting a 0.75 calibre projectile. Its effective firing range is 100 to 300 metres. It was also used as a melee weapon.",
"title": "Events"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "The affray began at 11:00 in the morning and the final shot, the carronade, was heard in Hobart 3 hours later. That is 10,800 seconds. The Rate of Fire is 20 seconds so there were 540 reloads and shots fired, if a soldier's powder was dry and there were no misfires. When you multiply that by the number of soldiers armed with the Brown Bess musket and there would be thousands of musket balls, but the only musket balls found were slag, in a fireplace, along with a musket ball probably to emit heat on cold damp nights.",
"title": "Events"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "In To All Sportsmen (1814) Colonel George Hanger wrote, \"A soldier's musket, if not exceedingly ill-bored (as many are), will strike a figure of a man at 80 yards; it may even at a hundred; but a soldier must be very unfortunate indeed who shall be wounded by a common musket at 150 yards, providing his antagonist aims at him; and as to firing at a man at 200 yards with a common musket, you may as well fire at the moon and have the same hope of hitting him. I do maintain and will prove that no man was ever killed at 200 yards, by a common musket, by the person who aimed at him.\"",
"title": "Events"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "These soldiers killed one aboriginal outright, and mortally wounded another, who was later found dead in a valley. Moore's account lists three killed and some wounded. It is therefore known that in the conflict some aboriginals were killed, and that the colonists \"had reason to Suppose more were wounded, as one was seen to be taken away bleeding\". It is also known that an infant boy about 2–3 years old was left behind in what was viewed as a \"retreat from a hostile attempt made upon the borders of the settlement\".",
"title": "Events"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "\"There were a great many of the Natives slaughtered and wounded\", according to the Edward White, an Irish convict who later spoke before a committee of inquiry nearly 30 years later in 1830, but could not give exact figures. White alleged to have been an eyewitness, although he was working in a creek bed where the escarpment prevented him from viewing events. Claiming to be the first to see the approaching aboriginals, he also said that \"the natives did not threaten me; I was not afraid of them; (they) did not attack the soldiers; they would not have molested them; they had no spears with them; only waddies\". That they had no spears with them is questionable, and White's claims need to be assessed with caution.",
"title": "Events"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In Truth-Telling at Risdon Cove (2022), George Brown, Roger Karge, and Scott Seymour provide documentary evidence that the Edward White, who gave eye-witness testimony before the 16 March 1830 Broughton Committee, was not actually present at the massacre. The only possible Edward White, who boarded the Atlas in Cork on 29 November 1801, did not arrive at Port Jackson till 7 July 1802.",
"title": "Historiography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "The other Edward Whites transported to the colony were:",
"title": "Historiography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "His contemporaries had believed the approach to be a potential attack by a group of aboriginals that greatly outnumbered the colonists in the area, and spoke of \"an attack the natives made\", their \"hostile Appearance\", and \"that their design was to attack us\".",
"title": "Historiography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "A macabre postscript to the story was an allegation that the bones of some of the Aboriginal people were shipped to Sydney in two casks. There is no documentary evidence of this, and the description of these killings as a massacre has been disputed.",
"title": "Historiography"
}
] | On 3 May 1804 a number of aboriginal Tasmanians were killed by guards of the fledgling British settlement at Risdon Cove, Van Diemen's Land. The events occurred in mysterious circumstances, perhaps as the result of a misunderstanding. | 2023-12-13T07:48:59Z | 2023-12-14T06:38:47Z | [
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75,551,852 | Happiness, Guaranteed. | Happiness, Guaranteed. is the second studio album by Australian indie electronic trio, Mansionair. The album was announced in March 2022 and released on 29 April 2022.
Mansionair said, "This album is about wrestling with the idea of happiness. That it is not a destination that we ultimately arrive at. Reframing contentment and learning how to navigate ourselves in a world so geared toward success and arriving." The album was created in two writing trips outside of Sydney, while the second album feature collaborations.
Christine Sloman from Melodic Mag said "Overall, Happiness, Guaranteed. is a gripping exploration of life's many cycles. It is definitely possible to find happiness, but as much as we would love to keep it forever, it cannot always stay with us. Mansionair have beautifully shown that life is a never-ending adventure, filled with moments that make us appreciate what we have, but also encourage us to go after more. As long as we evolve, the quest for happiness will also evolve, guaranteed."
Steph Wanderling from EDM Identity said "There really is a lot to listen to in the album, more than the beat. The lyrics speak to you on a spiritual level, and we've all been in positions where at least one song can fit the mood. So if you're in the mood for something other than the electronic dance music that is constantly being put out, this is a wonderful change of pace." | [
{
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"text": "Happiness, Guaranteed. is the second studio album by Australian indie electronic trio, Mansionair. The album was announced in March 2022 and released on 29 April 2022.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Mansionair said, \"This album is about wrestling with the idea of happiness. That it is not a destination that we ultimately arrive at. Reframing contentment and learning how to navigate ourselves in a world so geared toward success and arriving.\" The album was created in two writing trips outside of Sydney, while the second album feature collaborations.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Christine Sloman from Melodic Mag said \"Overall, Happiness, Guaranteed. is a gripping exploration of life's many cycles. It is definitely possible to find happiness, but as much as we would love to keep it forever, it cannot always stay with us. Mansionair have beautifully shown that life is a never-ending adventure, filled with moments that make us appreciate what we have, but also encourage us to go after more. As long as we evolve, the quest for happiness will also evolve, guaranteed.\"",
"title": "Reception"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Steph Wanderling from EDM Identity said \"There really is a lot to listen to in the album, more than the beat. The lyrics speak to you on a spiritual level, and we've all been in positions where at least one song can fit the mood. So if you're in the mood for something other than the electronic dance music that is constantly being put out, this is a wonderful change of pace.\"",
"title": "Reception"
}
] | Happiness, Guaranteed. is the second studio album by Australian indie electronic trio, Mansionair. The album was announced in March 2022 and released on 29 April 2022. Mansionair said, "This album is about wrestling with the idea of happiness. That it is not a destination that we ultimately arrive at. Reframing contentment and learning how to navigate ourselves in a world so geared toward success and arriving." The album was created in two writing trips outside of Sydney, while the second album feature collaborations. | 2023-12-13T07:54:11Z | 2023-12-13T07:56:46Z | [
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75,551,856 | 10q26 deletion | 10q26 deletion is an extremely rare genetic syndrome caused by terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 at 10q26. It is usually a de novo mutation. Symptoms can include "growth and mental retardation, microcephaly, triangular face, strabismus, hypertelorism, prominent nasal bridge, beaked or prominent nose, low-set dysplastic ears, various congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism, other anogenital anomalies, defect of hands/feet, limb contractures, abnormal behavior with hyperactivity, attention deficit, destructive tendency". People with the syndrome are less likely to have hearing deficits compared to those where the missing genetic material includes 10q25. The syndrome was first reported in 1979. Interstitial deletions including parts of 10q26 also have been reported, but they are more rare. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "10q26 deletion is an extremely rare genetic syndrome caused by terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 at 10q26. It is usually a de novo mutation. Symptoms can include \"growth and mental retardation, microcephaly, triangular face, strabismus, hypertelorism, prominent nasal bridge, beaked or prominent nose, low-set dysplastic ears, various congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism, other anogenital anomalies, defect of hands/feet, limb contractures, abnormal behavior with hyperactivity, attention deficit, destructive tendency\". People with the syndrome are less likely to have hearing deficits compared to those where the missing genetic material includes 10q25. The syndrome was first reported in 1979. Interstitial deletions including parts of 10q26 also have been reported, but they are more rare.",
"title": ""
}
] | 10q26 deletion is an extremely rare genetic syndrome caused by terminal deletion of the long arm of chromosome 10 at 10q26. It is usually a de novo mutation. Symptoms can include "growth and mental retardation, microcephaly, triangular face, strabismus, hypertelorism, prominent nasal bridge, beaked or prominent nose, low-set dysplastic ears, various congenital heart defects, cryptorchidism, other anogenital anomalies, defect of hands/feet, limb contractures, abnormal behavior with hyperactivity, attention deficit, destructive tendency". People with the syndrome are less likely to have hearing deficits compared to those where the missing genetic material includes 10q25. The syndrome was first reported in 1979. Interstitial deletions including parts of 10q26 also have been reported, but they are more rare. | 2023-12-13T07:55:11Z | 2023-12-19T03:38:00Z | [
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite journal",
"Template:Cite book"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/10q26_deletion |
75,551,859 | Marina Vondeling | Marina Vondeling (born 14 July 1986 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom and former lawyer. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.
Vondeling was born in Rotterdam in 1986. She graduated with a law degree at the Erasmus University Rotterdam before working as an advisor on immigration and asylum laws. She also worked as a policy advisor to the PVV's parliamentary faction. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Marina Vondeling (born 14 July 1986 in Rotterdam) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom and former lawyer. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Vondeling was born in Rotterdam in 1986. She graduated with a law degree at the Erasmus University Rotterdam before working as an advisor on immigration and asylum laws. She also worked as a policy advisor to the PVV's parliamentary faction.",
"title": ""
}
] | Marina Vondeling is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom and former lawyer. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. Vondeling was born in Rotterdam in 1986. She graduated with a law degree at the Erasmus University Rotterdam before working as an advisor on immigration and asylum laws. She also worked as a policy advisor to the PVV's parliamentary faction. | 2023-12-13T07:56:08Z | 2023-12-24T16:17:24Z | [
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75,551,878 | Spatial (platform) | Spatial is an American based Unity-powered UGC gaming platform that enables developers to publish and monetize multiplayer games across web, mobile, and VR. Spatial focuses on games developed using the Unity game engine and the C# programming language. The company is headquartered in New York.
Spatial was co-founded by Anand Agarawala and Jinha Lee in 2017. The company designed its first product, the Spatial AR collaboration workspace, intended to transform how people work by turning any room into an infinitely augmentable workspace.
In 2019, Spatial entered into a partnership with Microsoft to develop workplace software for the HoloLens AR headset. The following year, it released a collaboration and hangout app that ran on Meta's Quest 2 VR headset. In 2021, Spatial pivoted to building virtual showrooms for NFTs.
Spatial has collaborated with various artists, including Hermitage, NBA, !llmind, Krista Kim, Federico Clapis, and Jarlan Perez. In March 2023, Spatial partnered with OVER, Decentraland, and UNXD at the second edition for Metaverse Fashion Week.
In November 2023, Spatial announced the launch of a new season of in-house games available to play on web, mobile, and VR.
Spatial has released several browser-based games on its platform, including Punch Hero, Racing Empire, Infinite Ascent, Shooty Shooty, Mostly Only Up, Buddy Blitz, and Cyber Punk. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Spatial is an American based Unity-powered UGC gaming platform that enables developers to publish and monetize multiplayer games across web, mobile, and VR. Spatial focuses on games developed using the Unity game engine and the C# programming language. The company is headquartered in New York.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Spatial was co-founded by Anand Agarawala and Jinha Lee in 2017. The company designed its first product, the Spatial AR collaboration workspace, intended to transform how people work by turning any room into an infinitely augmentable workspace.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 2019, Spatial entered into a partnership with Microsoft to develop workplace software for the HoloLens AR headset. The following year, it released a collaboration and hangout app that ran on Meta's Quest 2 VR headset. In 2021, Spatial pivoted to building virtual showrooms for NFTs.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Spatial has collaborated with various artists, including Hermitage, NBA, !llmind, Krista Kim, Federico Clapis, and Jarlan Perez. In March 2023, Spatial partnered with OVER, Decentraland, and UNXD at the second edition for Metaverse Fashion Week.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In November 2023, Spatial announced the launch of a new season of in-house games available to play on web, mobile, and VR.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Spatial has released several browser-based games on its platform, including Punch Hero, Racing Empire, Infinite Ascent, Shooty Shooty, Mostly Only Up, Buddy Blitz, and Cyber Punk.",
"title": "History"
}
] | Spatial is an American based Unity-powered UGC gaming platform that enables developers to publish and monetize multiplayer games across web, mobile, and VR. Spatial focuses on games developed using the Unity game engine and the C# programming language. The company is headquartered in New York. | 2023-12-13T08:00:15Z | 2023-12-21T17:42:41Z | [
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75,551,884 | 2024 German Masters | The 2024 German Masters (officially the 2024 BetVictor German Masters) is an upcoming professional snooker tournament that is scheduled to take place from 29 January to 4 February 2024 at the Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany. The 18th edition of the German Masters, first held in 1995 as the German Open, it will be the twelfth ranking event of the 2023–24 snooker season, following the World Grand Prix and preceding the Welsh Open. It will also be the seventh of the eight events in the European Series. Organised by the World Snooker Tour and sponsored by BetVictor, the event will be broadcast by Eurosport in Europe and by other broadcasters worldwide. The winner will receive £80,000 from a total prize fund of £427,000.
Qualifying for the tournament took place from 18 to 22 December 2023 at the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre in Sheffield.
Ali Carter is the defending champion, having defeated Tom Ford 10–3 in the 2023 final.
The event is scheduled to take place from 29 January to 4 February 2024 at the Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany. After the success of record crowds at the previous edition, the 2024 event will be extended from five to seven days. It has also reverted to a previous format, where only a single qualifying round is used and the top eight seeds will have their matches held over to the final venue.
All matches will be the best of nine frames until the semi-finals, which will be the best of 11 frames, and the final which will be the best of 19 frames, played over two sessions.
The qualifying matches were broadcast by Discovery+ in Europe and the UK; Migu [zh] and Huya in China; and Matchroom.live in all other territories.
The event will feature a total prize fund of £427,000 with the winner receiving £80,000.
On 18 December, Ken Doherty, Oliver Brown, and Liu Hongyu whitewashed their respective opponents Jenson Kendrick, Andres Petrov, and Dominic Dale 5–0. Lyu Haotian led Si Jiahui 4–0 with breaks of 83, 64, 89, and 112, but Si won five frames in a row, making breaks of 123, 87, 98, and 103, to win by 5–4. On 19 December, in the match between Yuan Sijun and Ding Junhui Yuan was docked the fifth frame for being late after the mid-session interval, but made a century break of 102 in frame six and defeated 11th seed Ding 5–2. He Guoqiang won frame eight on a re-spotted black against John Astley to force a decider, which He won with a century break of 111 for a 5–4 victory. 16th seed Jack Lisowski made a century break of 102 in the seventh frame, but was defeated by Zak Surety 5–3. On 20 December, Liam Pullen defeated 24th seed Stuart Bingham 5–1, and Scott Donaldson narrowly beat 20th seed Gary Wilson 5–4 on the last black. On 21 December, 21st seed Zhou Yuelong beat Jak Jones 5–4, even though Jones made two 125 breaks. Zhou attempted a maximum break in frame three, but missed the 13th black to end the break at 97. 17th seed Hossein Vafaei whitewashed Mink Nutcharut 5–0, and 28th seed Stephen Maguire beat Rebecca Kenna 5–1. On 22 December, 30th seed David Gilbert, 18th seed Tom Ford, and 26th seed Joe Perry whitewashed their respective opponents Dean Young, Baipat Siripaporn, and Ryan Thomerson 5–0. Ashley Carty defeated 25th seed Noppon Saengkham 5–2. Tian Pengfei came back from 2–4 down to beat Reanne Evans 5–4.
The draw for the tournament is shown below. Numbers in parentheses after the players' names denote the top 32 seeded players, whilst players in bold denote match winners.
Qualifying for the tournament took place from 18 to 22 December 2023 at the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre in Sheffield. Matches involving the top eight seeds will be held over to be played at the final venue. Numbers in parentheses after the players' names denote the top 32 seeded players, whilst players in bold denote match winners.
The held-over matches to be played in Berlin on 29 January are as follows:
The results of the qualifying matches played in Sheffield were as follows:
A total of 30 century breaks were made in the qualifying stage of the tournament. | [
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"text": "The event is scheduled to take place from 29 January to 4 February 2024 at the Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany. After the success of record crowds at the previous edition, the 2024 event will be extended from five to seven days. It has also reverted to a previous format, where only a single qualifying round is used and the top eight seeds will have their matches held over to the final venue.",
"title": "Format"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "All matches will be the best of nine frames until the semi-finals, which will be the best of 11 frames, and the final which will be the best of 19 frames, played over two sessions.",
"title": "Format"
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"text": "The qualifying matches were broadcast by Discovery+ in Europe and the UK; Migu [zh] and Huya in China; and Matchroom.live in all other territories.",
"title": "Format"
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"text": "The event will feature a total prize fund of £427,000 with the winner receiving £80,000.",
"title": "Format"
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"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "On 18 December, Ken Doherty, Oliver Brown, and Liu Hongyu whitewashed their respective opponents Jenson Kendrick, Andres Petrov, and Dominic Dale 5–0. Lyu Haotian led Si Jiahui 4–0 with breaks of 83, 64, 89, and 112, but Si won five frames in a row, making breaks of 123, 87, 98, and 103, to win by 5–4. On 19 December, in the match between Yuan Sijun and Ding Junhui Yuan was docked the fifth frame for being late after the mid-session interval, but made a century break of 102 in frame six and defeated 11th seed Ding 5–2. He Guoqiang won frame eight on a re-spotted black against John Astley to force a decider, which He won with a century break of 111 for a 5–4 victory. 16th seed Jack Lisowski made a century break of 102 in the seventh frame, but was defeated by Zak Surety 5–3. On 20 December, Liam Pullen defeated 24th seed Stuart Bingham 5–1, and Scott Donaldson narrowly beat 20th seed Gary Wilson 5–4 on the last black. On 21 December, 21st seed Zhou Yuelong beat Jak Jones 5–4, even though Jones made two 125 breaks. Zhou attempted a maximum break in frame three, but missed the 13th black to end the break at 97. 17th seed Hossein Vafaei whitewashed Mink Nutcharut 5–0, and 28th seed Stephen Maguire beat Rebecca Kenna 5–1. On 22 December, 30th seed David Gilbert, 18th seed Tom Ford, and 26th seed Joe Perry whitewashed their respective opponents Dean Young, Baipat Siripaporn, and Ryan Thomerson 5–0. Ashley Carty defeated 25th seed Noppon Saengkham 5–2. Tian Pengfei came back from 2–4 down to beat Reanne Evans 5–4.",
"title": "Summary"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The draw for the tournament is shown below. Numbers in parentheses after the players' names denote the top 32 seeded players, whilst players in bold denote match winners.",
"title": "Main draw"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Qualifying for the tournament took place from 18 to 22 December 2023 at the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre in Sheffield. Matches involving the top eight seeds will be held over to be played at the final venue. Numbers in parentheses after the players' names denote the top 32 seeded players, whilst players in bold denote match winners.",
"title": "Qualifying"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "The held-over matches to be played in Berlin on 29 January are as follows:",
"title": "Qualifying"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "The results of the qualifying matches played in Sheffield were as follows:",
"title": "Qualifying"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "A total of 30 century breaks were made in the qualifying stage of the tournament.",
"title": "Century breaks"
}
] | The 2024 German Masters is an upcoming professional snooker tournament that is scheduled to take place from 29 January to 4 February 2024 at the Tempodrom in Berlin, Germany. The 18th edition of the German Masters, first held in 1995 as the German Open, it will be the twelfth ranking event of the 2023–24 snooker season, following the World Grand Prix and preceding the Welsh Open. It will also be the seventh of the eight events in the European Series. Organised by the World Snooker Tour and sponsored by BetVictor, the event will be broadcast by Eurosport in Europe and by other broadcasters worldwide. The winner will receive £80,000 from a total prize fund of £427,000. Qualifying for the tournament took place from 18 to 22 December 2023 at the Ponds Forge International Sports Centre in Sheffield. Ali Carter is the defending champion, having defeated Tom Ford 10–3 in the 2023 final. | 2023-12-13T08:01:40Z | 2023-12-27T16:13:18Z | [
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75,551,908 | Jerome K. Harris Jr. | Jerome K. Harris Jr. was born on June 26, 1931, in San Antonio, Texas, to Jerome K. Harris Sr., originator of the idea for Hemisfair '68, and Gertrude Louise Harris. His sister was Marjory Jean Harris. He overcame significant early challenges, being the sole survivor among four children at Alamo Heights High School who contracted polio at the time.
Harris began his entrepreneurial journey with the Harris Shop of Poppagallo, later co-founding Cody-Harris Photography. He was a notable civic leader, holding positions such as president of the San Antonio Rotary, San Antonio Fiesta Commission, vice president of the American Heart Association, and was actively involved in many other civic organizations. He also played a pivotal role in promoting HemisFair '68.
Harris died on November 4, 2013, at 82. His enduring impact is reflected in the civic projects he supported and his family's continued dedication to social entrepreneurship and community service. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Jerome K. Harris Jr. was born on June 26, 1931, in San Antonio, Texas, to Jerome K. Harris Sr., originator of the idea for Hemisfair '68, and Gertrude Louise Harris. His sister was Marjory Jean Harris. He overcame significant early challenges, being the sole survivor among four children at Alamo Heights High School who contracted polio at the time.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Harris began his entrepreneurial journey with the Harris Shop of Poppagallo, later co-founding Cody-Harris Photography. He was a notable civic leader, holding positions such as president of the San Antonio Rotary, San Antonio Fiesta Commission, vice president of the American Heart Association, and was actively involved in many other civic organizations. He also played a pivotal role in promoting HemisFair '68.",
"title": "Career and civic engagement"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Harris died on November 4, 2013, at 82. His enduring impact is reflected in the civic projects he supported and his family's continued dedication to social entrepreneurship and community service.",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] | 2023-12-13T08:06:44Z | 2023-12-15T17:12:58Z | [
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|
75,551,910 | Martine van der Velde | Martine van der Velde (born 20 May 1989 in Groningen) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. | [
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"text": "Martine van der Velde (born 20 May 1989 in Groningen) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.",
"title": ""
}
] | Martine van der Velde is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. In the 2023 Dutch general election she was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. | 2023-12-13T08:07:08Z | 2023-12-29T03:41:37Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martine_van_der_Velde |
75,551,922 | Aiko (Czech singer) | Alena Shirmanova-Kostebelova (Russian: Алёна Ширманова-Костебелова; born 26 December 1999), known by her stage name Aiko, is a Czech singer-songwriter currently based in Brighton, England. She is set to represent the Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Pedestal".
Alena Shirmanova-Kostebelova was born in Moscow, Russia. Shortly after, she moved with her family to Karlovy Vary, Czech Republic, where she was raised.
In 2015, Shirmanova participated in season 4 of the reality talent show Česko Slovenská SuperStar. She then moved to the United Kingdom to pursue a musical career, first settling in London and later in Brighton. Under the stage name Aiko, she released her debut self-titled album in 2018, followed by Expiration Date in 2020, when she released her first single "Hunt".
She was the first Czech artist to feature on the Times Square screens and the first Czech female to take part in the Spotify Equal Campaign. She performed at the Rock for People, ESNS, Metronome Prague, The Great Escape, Grape, Nouvelle Prague, Sziget and Waves Vienna festivals, as well as following Alice Merton, Black Honey, Lauren Ruth Ward and Tamino in some of their tours as a supporting artist. Some of her songs were included in the TV shows Teen Mom and Love Island.
Aiko released her third album Fortune's Child on 13 October 2023. On 28 November 2023, she was announced as one of the contestants of the Czech national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2024, competing with the song "Pedestal". On 13 December, it was revealed that she had won the selection. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Alena Shirmanova-Kostebelova (Russian: Алёна Ширманова-Костебелова; born 26 December 1999), known by her stage name Aiko, is a Czech singer-songwriter currently based in Brighton, England. She is set to represent the Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song \"Pedestal\".",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "In 2015, Shirmanova participated in season 4 of the reality talent show Česko Slovenská SuperStar. She then moved to the United Kingdom to pursue a musical career, first settling in London and later in Brighton. Under the stage name Aiko, she released her debut self-titled album in 2018, followed by Expiration Date in 2020, when she released her first single \"Hunt\".",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "She was the first Czech artist to feature on the Times Square screens and the first Czech female to take part in the Spotify Equal Campaign. She performed at the Rock for People, ESNS, Metronome Prague, The Great Escape, Grape, Nouvelle Prague, Sziget and Waves Vienna festivals, as well as following Alice Merton, Black Honey, Lauren Ruth Ward and Tamino in some of their tours as a supporting artist. Some of her songs were included in the TV shows Teen Mom and Love Island.",
"title": "Career"
},
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"text": "Aiko released her third album Fortune's Child on 13 October 2023. On 28 November 2023, she was announced as one of the contestants of the Czech national final for the Eurovision Song Contest 2024, competing with the song \"Pedestal\". On 13 December, it was revealed that she had won the selection.",
"title": "Career"
}
] | Alena Shirmanova-Kostebelova, known by her stage name Aiko, is a Czech singer-songwriter currently based in Brighton, England. She is set to represent the Czech Republic in the Eurovision Song Contest 2024 with the song "Pedestal". | 2023-12-13T08:08:33Z | 2023-12-30T19:50:56Z | [
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75,551,946 | 1986 in the Netherlands | This article lists some of the events from 1986 related to the Netherlands. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "This article lists some of the events from 1986 related to the Netherlands.",
"title": ""
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] | This article lists some of the events from 1986 related to the Netherlands. | 2023-12-13T08:11:50Z | 2023-12-13T08:46:38Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986_in_the_Netherlands |
75,551,956 | PK-22 Bajaur-IV | PK-22 Bajaur-IV (پی کے-22 باجوڑ-4) is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.It was created after 2023 Delimitations when Bajaur District gained 1 seat. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "PK-22 Bajaur-IV (پی کے-22 باجوڑ-4) is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.It was created after 2023 Delimitations when Bajaur District gained 1 seat.",
"title": ""
}
] | PK-22 Bajaur-IV is a constituency for the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Assembly of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan.It was created after 2023 Delimitations when Bajaur District gained 1 seat. | 2023-12-13T08:14:07Z | 2023-12-23T07:26:36Z | [
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75,551,968 | Tiécoro Bagayoko | Tiécoro Bagayoko was a Malian soldier and attempted putschist. He rose to power as a key figure in the 1968 Malian coup d'état, becoming the director of the National Security Services of Mali. As director, Bagayoko's regime was known for it's wanton brutality and suppression of opposition. He was arrested in 1978, and sentenced to hard labor in Taoudenni prison camp where he died in 1983.
Bagayoko was born in Goundam, Tombouctou Region, Mali on July 19, 1937, as the son of Moussa Bagayoko and Mata Sadji Kossa, ethnic Bambara. He spent his childhood in Goundam, where his father served, later moving to Kayes and then Bamako with his family in the 1950s. Bagayoko attended a top military school in Kati. After graduating from the school at the rank of sergeant in 1958, Bagayoko fought in the Algerian War on the side of the French, where he was awarded the French Army Rescue Cross. Bagayoko returned to Mali in 1960 following Malian independence. He was sent to study in the USSR, and became one of the first Malian pilots after graduating from a military aviation school. Bagayoko returned to Mali and participated in the creation of the Malian Air Force, and then completed an internship in the United States in 1965.
Following the evacuation of French Air Force Base No. 162 in Bamako, the first squadron of the Malian Air Force was stationed at Seine, in what is now Modibo Keita International Airport. Together with Filifingam Sissoko, a fellow pilot, Bagayoko contacted Moussa Traoré and Yoro Diakité in planning the coup against Modibo Keita. Bagayoko and Sissoko brought the paratropper Sungalo Samake from the camp at Djicoroni into the plot and, on the night of November 19, 1968, led groups of paratroopers intended to establish zones of control at key areas in Bamako. Bagayoko led the capture of the People's Militia, and afterwards set off towards Koulikoro with Sissoko and Amadou Baba Diarra to arrest Keita. When the president's convoy was stopped at Massala, Bagayoko was the one who announced his capture. His words, "On behalf of the Military Committee of National Liberation, I ask you to climb into this armored vehicle." became famous in Mali. During the trial of Diarra and thirty-two other conspirators on December 10–14, 1969, Bagayoko came to personally send off the first batch of prisoners to the newly opened hard labor camp in Taoudenni. Bagayoko shouted after the convicts "Goodbye, gentlemen, tourists!" (French: Au revoir messieurs les touristes!)
Malian historian Bintou Sanankoua, relying on a refutation by Traore, stated in 1990 that Bagayoko's statement was a myth. In 2007, Sungalo Samake, who witnessed the arrest of Keita, affirmed Bagayoko stating those words. Malian journalist Sauti Haidara later stated Bagayoko "turned out to be the only man who, without blinking an eye, dared to tell the creator of Mali's independence that he was no longer president."
Bagayoko, as one of the leading members of the coup, became Director of National Security Services of the Military Committee for National Liberation, commanding the state security services and police. In a twist of irony, Bagayoko, who had previously reprimanded Keita for the massacre of opposition leaders, began his own crackdown on opposition leaders. Bagayoko's first actions when he took the post in 1969 were mass arrests of ministers from the Keita government, members of the ruling Sudanese Union party, members of the Union of Malian Youth, trade union leaders, and rivals from the People's Militia. In August 1969, just a few months into his tenure, Bagayoko discovered a coup plot from Captain Dibi Silas Diarra, who planned to overthrow the MCNL and return Mali to civilian rule.
The main opposition during Bagayoko's tenure were trade unionists and students, who shared pro-democratic views and desired a return to civilian rule. When students from educational institutions in Bamako protested against the MCNL in 1979, Bagayoko sent paratroopers to arbitrarily beat and whip students in Bamako schools. At a protest at the Higher Normal School on Badalabugu Hill, Bagayoko herded all of the students onto the roof and stated the protesters would be "shaved dry with broken bottles at public expense." The student protests were quickly suppressed, and police officers became a common sight in Malian classrooms.
Bagayoko was nicknamed Django or more commonly Hawk, and he personally called his opponents salopards, French for bitch or whore. Under Bagayoko's rule, the Malian state increasingly became a police state, with prisons being uniquely tortuous. The students who protested were sent to work camps run by the military, where many died. Members of the Sudanese Union were left in prisons without a trial, and many died there as well. The deserted Malian north became notorious for the work camps of Taoudenni and Taghaza. Along with the military camps at Kidal, the camps received new convicts every day. Samba Sangare, a plotter from the 1969 coup who later became a writer, called the torture under Bagayoko worthy of the Nazi Gestapo, illustrating the unique use of cutting prisoners by broken bottles and electric shocks. When prisoners in the camps complained, guards allegedly stated that the bottle cuts and electric shocks were not the only way; they could be ran over instead, as "accidents as very common."
Those who did not serve long stints at Taoudenni were often intentionally humiliated by Bagayoko. Businessmen who interfered with Bagayoko's interests were sent to Taoudenni, where they were beaten, drowned, humiliated, had their heads shaved with random combs of hair left, and then returned home. Bagayoko was also accused of the death of Keita in May 1977. Rumors around Keita's death arose since it happened, and in 2007, former prison guard Sungalo Samaka accused the prison doctor Faran Samake of poisoning Keita. This was disputed by Faran's family (as he committed suicide after Bagayoko's arrest), which was never proven in court.
Officials under Bagayoko occasionally told him that people felt terrorized by him. In response, he stated "I'm not evil. It's just that Malians are afraid of me."
By 1977, tensions arose between the gang of three (consisting of Bagayoko, Kissima Doukara, and Karim Dembele), and Traore's government over the political development of Mali. If the country were to hold elections, the only opposition would be the remains of the Sudanese Union. All of the parties banned under Keita, with the exception of the Regrouping Party, were Marxist, a position increasingly attractive to the Malian population. By the end of 1977, there were persistent rumors that Traore's idea of returning to civilian rule was controversial within the MCNL, and that the committee no longer held planned meetings.
In January 1978, a leaflet titled "Mali, the government under the MCNL / An administration led by the Empress" was distributed throughout the country, criticizing Traore and his wife Miriam. The leadership of the Bamako police demanded an investigation from Bagayoko, who urged the MCNL to stop presenting the idea of civilian rule. Bagayoko reiterated these ideas in a second meeting at the police headquarters in February 1978.
On February 28, Bagayoko, Doukara, and Dembele were all arrested on charges of plotting a coup. Moussa Traore, on a radio broadcast, accused the "gang of three" of treason, disclosure of state secrets, slander, and speculation. Traore characterized Bagayoko with, "As for the former Lieutenant Colonel Bagayoko, in his case criticism seems useless, his machinations are known to everyone. He personified horror and slander ... [his] reign of abuse and terror has come to an end." Bagayoko's arrest led to a slew of arrests of those under him, including Mamadou Belko N'Die. All police chiefs were arrested and sent to the Djicoroni prison as well. On April 30, close relatives of Bagayoko were also sentenced to hard labor.
The trial of the gang of three took place between October 18 and 21, 1978. Supporters of the group equated the trial to the gang of four in China. Bagayoko was sentenced to death, and demoted to second class soldier. Under pressure from France, his execution was postponed and he was instead sent to work in the labor camps at Taoudenni.
The prison at Taoudenni was designed by Diakite and Bagayoko, and opened in 1969. Diakite had suffered a political expulsion and was tortured to death in the mines prior to Bagayoko's arrival. Simultaneously, many of the 1969 putschists, including Sangare, were at the camps at the same time Bagayoko arrived. Sangare mentioned that while Bagayoko and the putschists did meet, the former was left to his own devices for the most part. Bagayoko occasionally complained about the work camp, equating the prisoners with "bandits and thieves", to which prison guards pointed out that he was not the first high-ranking official to be sent there.
The gang of three and former Army Quartermaster-General Noun Diawara returned to Bamako in 1980 facing charges of embezzlement. They were convicted, and received another five years of hard labor. When returning to Taoudenni, the gang of three was under guard Njadi Ould Boyda. Boyda believed that the conditions Bagayoko created at the camp were too comfortable, and ordered the start of salt mining twelve kilometers from the camp. The prisoners woke up at 4:00 am, left at 4:30 am, and arrived at the mine at 6:30am. From 7:00 am to 6:00pm, the workers mined with only a half hour break.
In 1983, Traore decided to execute the gang of three. Malian politician Amadou Tall suggested that the reason he waited so long was that the execution of Bagayoko only became possible after François Mitterrand became President of France. In mid-August 1983, a combat group led by First Lieutenant Moussa Camara was dispatched to Taoudenni. Upon Camara's arrival, his group immediately killed several prisoners, and everyone else's work was tightened. The prisoners were now forced to carry salt to Nyantao Camp, another half a kilometer away, for an extra hour. For three days, Bagayoko refused to do the work, and told Sungalo Samaka "Never tell my children I died on the way to get bricks."
On the morning of August 19, 1983, two soldiers approached Bagayoko and told him Camara was summoning him. Bagayoko told his cellmate Belko N'Die about this and, assuming his imminent death, dressed in the uniform of Djoliba AC, which he had previously run. His last words, according to Belko N'Die, were "The good lord will meet me. He will tell me 'Since you were born, what good did you do?' He will kick me, 'Bang!', and I will go to heaven. If I die, then you don't need to pray for me, because I don't pray for myself."
After his death, a funeral team including Diawara and Samaka was brought to inter Bagayoko's body. N'Die claimed the body had signs of torture, but Abdoulaye Maiga, who led the team, claimed there were no signs of strangulation. The prisoners were unable to buy him in a deep hole, so he was laid to rest in a hole under a pile of sand mixed with salt. A metal plaque was installed on the grave, which states "Ici repose Tiecoro Bagayoko 1937 - 26.8.83"
During his time as head of the security services, Bagayoko was also head of the Djoliba Athletic Club. Mali was banned form inter-African matches for a year due to corruption between Bagayoko and Malian referees. Bagayoko was also accused of making each match a "symbolic confrontation between two ideologies", and for forcing senior employees in the security services in participating in football matches. As a prisoner, Bagayoko insisted on his cellmates burying him in the Djoliba jersey. He also founded a band at the Motel of Bamako, called Les Ambassadeurs du Motel. However, he used his influence as head of the security services to expel other musicians and lead singers, along with push his band into the National Orchestra of Mali.
Bagayoko was married in 1962 to Aïssata Keletigui Doumbia^ His first two children, Moussa and Mama, were with her. He then married Tenimba Diallo in 1970, with whom he gave birth to Mata Sadji, Fatouma, Aissata, and Mohamed. In 1976, Bagayoko married Néné Bayaba Sy, with whom he had Caty Assetou, who became famous for supporting Modibo Sidibé's 2011 election campaign.
Pascal Baba Coulibaly, a Malian politician and professor, called Bagayoko "short, but bursting with health, with confidence turning into arrogance" in an essay after meeting with Bagayoko in 1970. Bagayoko personally did not express remorse for his actions as head of security services, saying "You actually know that I did not steal anything. I did not do anything and I did not squander anything."
I reflect on the certain fatality of my circumstances, on the cruel fate meted out to those who fight for great ideas. […] One must know how to die in order to have the honor of living according to such ethics. A military man, a politician - a candidate for the dead. He who killed will be killed (emphasis added by the author) […] I ask myself if I was not devoid of reason. I made a mountain out of a grain of sand. I chose the army, I did everything to come to power, and this power sentenced me to death. […] I often say that hell is for the living, since only they can suffer. For us non-believers, this is exactly the case, we think so. Death is an eternal world. Where is Divine justice seen in this? I am not a believer, but for believers it may be there.
Contemporary accounts of Bagayoko are largely critical. Malian journalist Sauti Haidara called Bagayoko a key figure of the "military-fascist dictatorship." He also called Bagayoko the right-hand man of Traore, and a leading figure of the MCNL. However, Bagayoko is also seen as both the despot and the victim of a regime that did not respect human rights. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Tiécoro Bagayoko was a Malian soldier and attempted putschist. He rose to power as a key figure in the 1968 Malian coup d'état, becoming the director of the National Security Services of Mali. As director, Bagayoko's regime was known for it's wanton brutality and suppression of opposition. He was arrested in 1978, and sentenced to hard labor in Taoudenni prison camp where he died in 1983.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Bagayoko was born in Goundam, Tombouctou Region, Mali on July 19, 1937, as the son of Moussa Bagayoko and Mata Sadji Kossa, ethnic Bambara. He spent his childhood in Goundam, where his father served, later moving to Kayes and then Bamako with his family in the 1950s. Bagayoko attended a top military school in Kati. After graduating from the school at the rank of sergeant in 1958, Bagayoko fought in the Algerian War on the side of the French, where he was awarded the French Army Rescue Cross. Bagayoko returned to Mali in 1960 following Malian independence. He was sent to study in the USSR, and became one of the first Malian pilots after graduating from a military aviation school. Bagayoko returned to Mali and participated in the creation of the Malian Air Force, and then completed an internship in the United States in 1965.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Following the evacuation of French Air Force Base No. 162 in Bamako, the first squadron of the Malian Air Force was stationed at Seine, in what is now Modibo Keita International Airport. Together with Filifingam Sissoko, a fellow pilot, Bagayoko contacted Moussa Traoré and Yoro Diakité in planning the coup against Modibo Keita. Bagayoko and Sissoko brought the paratropper Sungalo Samake from the camp at Djicoroni into the plot and, on the night of November 19, 1968, led groups of paratroopers intended to establish zones of control at key areas in Bamako. Bagayoko led the capture of the People's Militia, and afterwards set off towards Koulikoro with Sissoko and Amadou Baba Diarra to arrest Keita. When the president's convoy was stopped at Massala, Bagayoko was the one who announced his capture. His words, \"On behalf of the Military Committee of National Liberation, I ask you to climb into this armored vehicle.\" became famous in Mali. During the trial of Diarra and thirty-two other conspirators on December 10–14, 1969, Bagayoko came to personally send off the first batch of prisoners to the newly opened hard labor camp in Taoudenni. Bagayoko shouted after the convicts \"Goodbye, gentlemen, tourists!\" (French: Au revoir messieurs les touristes!)",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Malian historian Bintou Sanankoua, relying on a refutation by Traore, stated in 1990 that Bagayoko's statement was a myth. In 2007, Sungalo Samake, who witnessed the arrest of Keita, affirmed Bagayoko stating those words. Malian journalist Sauti Haidara later stated Bagayoko \"turned out to be the only man who, without blinking an eye, dared to tell the creator of Mali's independence that he was no longer president.\"",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Bagayoko, as one of the leading members of the coup, became Director of National Security Services of the Military Committee for National Liberation, commanding the state security services and police. In a twist of irony, Bagayoko, who had previously reprimanded Keita for the massacre of opposition leaders, began his own crackdown on opposition leaders. Bagayoko's first actions when he took the post in 1969 were mass arrests of ministers from the Keita government, members of the ruling Sudanese Union party, members of the Union of Malian Youth, trade union leaders, and rivals from the People's Militia. In August 1969, just a few months into his tenure, Bagayoko discovered a coup plot from Captain Dibi Silas Diarra, who planned to overthrow the MCNL and return Mali to civilian rule.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The main opposition during Bagayoko's tenure were trade unionists and students, who shared pro-democratic views and desired a return to civilian rule. When students from educational institutions in Bamako protested against the MCNL in 1979, Bagayoko sent paratroopers to arbitrarily beat and whip students in Bamako schools. At a protest at the Higher Normal School on Badalabugu Hill, Bagayoko herded all of the students onto the roof and stated the protesters would be \"shaved dry with broken bottles at public expense.\" The student protests were quickly suppressed, and police officers became a common sight in Malian classrooms.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Bagayoko was nicknamed Django or more commonly Hawk, and he personally called his opponents salopards, French for bitch or whore. Under Bagayoko's rule, the Malian state increasingly became a police state, with prisons being uniquely tortuous. The students who protested were sent to work camps run by the military, where many died. Members of the Sudanese Union were left in prisons without a trial, and many died there as well. The deserted Malian north became notorious for the work camps of Taoudenni and Taghaza. Along with the military camps at Kidal, the camps received new convicts every day. Samba Sangare, a plotter from the 1969 coup who later became a writer, called the torture under Bagayoko worthy of the Nazi Gestapo, illustrating the unique use of cutting prisoners by broken bottles and electric shocks. When prisoners in the camps complained, guards allegedly stated that the bottle cuts and electric shocks were not the only way; they could be ran over instead, as \"accidents as very common.\"",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Those who did not serve long stints at Taoudenni were often intentionally humiliated by Bagayoko. Businessmen who interfered with Bagayoko's interests were sent to Taoudenni, where they were beaten, drowned, humiliated, had their heads shaved with random combs of hair left, and then returned home. Bagayoko was also accused of the death of Keita in May 1977. Rumors around Keita's death arose since it happened, and in 2007, former prison guard Sungalo Samaka accused the prison doctor Faran Samake of poisoning Keita. This was disputed by Faran's family (as he committed suicide after Bagayoko's arrest), which was never proven in court.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Officials under Bagayoko occasionally told him that people felt terrorized by him. In response, he stated \"I'm not evil. It's just that Malians are afraid of me.\"",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "By 1977, tensions arose between the gang of three (consisting of Bagayoko, Kissima Doukara, and Karim Dembele), and Traore's government over the political development of Mali. If the country were to hold elections, the only opposition would be the remains of the Sudanese Union. All of the parties banned under Keita, with the exception of the Regrouping Party, were Marxist, a position increasingly attractive to the Malian population. By the end of 1977, there were persistent rumors that Traore's idea of returning to civilian rule was controversial within the MCNL, and that the committee no longer held planned meetings.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "In January 1978, a leaflet titled \"Mali, the government under the MCNL / An administration led by the Empress\" was distributed throughout the country, criticizing Traore and his wife Miriam. The leadership of the Bamako police demanded an investigation from Bagayoko, who urged the MCNL to stop presenting the idea of civilian rule. Bagayoko reiterated these ideas in a second meeting at the police headquarters in February 1978.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "On February 28, Bagayoko, Doukara, and Dembele were all arrested on charges of plotting a coup. Moussa Traore, on a radio broadcast, accused the \"gang of three\" of treason, disclosure of state secrets, slander, and speculation. Traore characterized Bagayoko with, \"As for the former Lieutenant Colonel Bagayoko, in his case criticism seems useless, his machinations are known to everyone. He personified horror and slander ... [his] reign of abuse and terror has come to an end.\" Bagayoko's arrest led to a slew of arrests of those under him, including Mamadou Belko N'Die. All police chiefs were arrested and sent to the Djicoroni prison as well. On April 30, close relatives of Bagayoko were also sentenced to hard labor.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The trial of the gang of three took place between October 18 and 21, 1978. Supporters of the group equated the trial to the gang of four in China. Bagayoko was sentenced to death, and demoted to second class soldier. Under pressure from France, his execution was postponed and he was instead sent to work in the labor camps at Taoudenni.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "The prison at Taoudenni was designed by Diakite and Bagayoko, and opened in 1969. Diakite had suffered a political expulsion and was tortured to death in the mines prior to Bagayoko's arrival. Simultaneously, many of the 1969 putschists, including Sangare, were at the camps at the same time Bagayoko arrived. Sangare mentioned that while Bagayoko and the putschists did meet, the former was left to his own devices for the most part. Bagayoko occasionally complained about the work camp, equating the prisoners with \"bandits and thieves\", to which prison guards pointed out that he was not the first high-ranking official to be sent there.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The gang of three and former Army Quartermaster-General Noun Diawara returned to Bamako in 1980 facing charges of embezzlement. They were convicted, and received another five years of hard labor. When returning to Taoudenni, the gang of three was under guard Njadi Ould Boyda. Boyda believed that the conditions Bagayoko created at the camp were too comfortable, and ordered the start of salt mining twelve kilometers from the camp. The prisoners woke up at 4:00 am, left at 4:30 am, and arrived at the mine at 6:30am. From 7:00 am to 6:00pm, the workers mined with only a half hour break.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "In 1983, Traore decided to execute the gang of three. Malian politician Amadou Tall suggested that the reason he waited so long was that the execution of Bagayoko only became possible after François Mitterrand became President of France. In mid-August 1983, a combat group led by First Lieutenant Moussa Camara was dispatched to Taoudenni. Upon Camara's arrival, his group immediately killed several prisoners, and everyone else's work was tightened. The prisoners were now forced to carry salt to Nyantao Camp, another half a kilometer away, for an extra hour. For three days, Bagayoko refused to do the work, and told Sungalo Samaka \"Never tell my children I died on the way to get bricks.\"",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "On the morning of August 19, 1983, two soldiers approached Bagayoko and told him Camara was summoning him. Bagayoko told his cellmate Belko N'Die about this and, assuming his imminent death, dressed in the uniform of Djoliba AC, which he had previously run. His last words, according to Belko N'Die, were \"The good lord will meet me. He will tell me 'Since you were born, what good did you do?' He will kick me, 'Bang!', and I will go to heaven. If I die, then you don't need to pray for me, because I don't pray for myself.\"",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "After his death, a funeral team including Diawara and Samaka was brought to inter Bagayoko's body. N'Die claimed the body had signs of torture, but Abdoulaye Maiga, who led the team, claimed there were no signs of strangulation. The prisoners were unable to buy him in a deep hole, so he was laid to rest in a hole under a pile of sand mixed with salt. A metal plaque was installed on the grave, which states \"Ici repose Tiecoro Bagayoko 1937 - 26.8.83\"",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "During his time as head of the security services, Bagayoko was also head of the Djoliba Athletic Club. Mali was banned form inter-African matches for a year due to corruption between Bagayoko and Malian referees. Bagayoko was also accused of making each match a \"symbolic confrontation between two ideologies\", and for forcing senior employees in the security services in participating in football matches. As a prisoner, Bagayoko insisted on his cellmates burying him in the Djoliba jersey. He also founded a band at the Motel of Bamako, called Les Ambassadeurs du Motel. However, he used his influence as head of the security services to expel other musicians and lead singers, along with push his band into the National Orchestra of Mali.",
"title": "Pastime activities"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Bagayoko was married in 1962 to Aïssata Keletigui Doumbia^ His first two children, Moussa and Mama, were with her. He then married Tenimba Diallo in 1970, with whom he gave birth to Mata Sadji, Fatouma, Aissata, and Mohamed. In 1976, Bagayoko married Néné Bayaba Sy, with whom he had Caty Assetou, who became famous for supporting Modibo Sidibé's 2011 election campaign.",
"title": "Family"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "Pascal Baba Coulibaly, a Malian politician and professor, called Bagayoko \"short, but bursting with health, with confidence turning into arrogance\" in an essay after meeting with Bagayoko in 1970. Bagayoko personally did not express remorse for his actions as head of security services, saying \"You actually know that I did not steal anything. I did not do anything and I did not squander anything.\"",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "I reflect on the certain fatality of my circumstances, on the cruel fate meted out to those who fight for great ideas. […] One must know how to die in order to have the honor of living according to such ethics. A military man, a politician - a candidate for the dead. He who killed will be killed (emphasis added by the author) […] I ask myself if I was not devoid of reason. I made a mountain out of a grain of sand. I chose the army, I did everything to come to power, and this power sentenced me to death. […] I often say that hell is for the living, since only they can suffer. For us non-believers, this is exactly the case, we think so. Death is an eternal world. Where is Divine justice seen in this? I am not a believer, but for believers it may be there.",
"title": "Legacy"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Contemporary accounts of Bagayoko are largely critical. Malian journalist Sauti Haidara called Bagayoko a key figure of the \"military-fascist dictatorship.\" He also called Bagayoko the right-hand man of Traore, and a leading figure of the MCNL. However, Bagayoko is also seen as both the despot and the victim of a regime that did not respect human rights.",
"title": "Legacy"
}
] | Tiécoro Bagayoko was a Malian soldier and attempted putschist. He rose to power as a key figure in the 1968 Malian coup d'état, becoming the director of the National Security Services of Mali. As director, Bagayoko's regime was known for it's wanton brutality and suppression of opposition. He was arrested in 1978, and sentenced to hard labor in Taoudenni prison camp where he died in 1983. | 2023-12-13T08:15:28Z | 2023-12-30T04:44:52Z | [
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75,551,973 | Coralie Chevallier | Coralie Chevallier is a French behavioral scientist, psychologist and social scientist. She works on autism and her current work integrates psychology, economics and policy interventions. She is a professor of Behavioural Science at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris.
Chevallier is also the vice-president for educational programs at the PSL University. In this role, Chevallier created an interdisciplinary undergraduate program called "science for a sustainable world".
In 2022, Chevallier received the Ordre National du Mérite. | [
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"text": "Coralie Chevallier is a French behavioral scientist, psychologist and social scientist. She works on autism and her current work integrates psychology, economics and policy interventions. She is a professor of Behavioural Science at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris.",
"title": ""
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"text": "In 2022, Chevallier received the Ordre National du Mérite.",
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}
] | Coralie Chevallier is a French behavioral scientist, psychologist and social scientist. She works on autism and her current work integrates psychology, economics and policy interventions. She is a professor of Behavioural Science at the Ecole Normale Supérieure in Paris. Chevallier is also the vice-president for educational programs at the PSL University. In this role, Chevallier created an interdisciplinary undergraduate program called "science for a sustainable world". In 2022, Chevallier received the Ordre National du Mérite. | 2023-12-13T08:17:12Z | 2023-12-14T16:15:37Z | [
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75,551,981 | Eric Esser | Eric Esser (born 18 March 1985 in 's-Hertogenbosch) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. | [
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"title": ""
}
] | Eric Esser is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. | 2023-12-13T08:18:43Z | 2023-12-24T16:04:28Z | [
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75,551,984 | Dumezweni Meshack Mthimkhulu | Dumezweni Meshack Mthimkhulu is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy for State President in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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"title": ""
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] | Dumezweni Meshack Mthimkhulu is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy for State President in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:19:23Z | 2023-12-28T03:49:21Z | [
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75,551,998 | Jeremy Mooiman | Jeremy Mooiman (born 22 November 1995 in Zoetermeer) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom.
Mooiman was born in Zoetermeer in 1995 and grew up in the Meerzicht district of the city. He completed studies in IT and worked for Atlassian as a developer.
He first stood for the PVV during the 2015 Dutch Provincial Council elections but was not elected. However, he was appointed to the South Holland Provincial council in 2016 to fill a vacated seat. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. | [
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"text": "Jeremy Mooiman (born 22 November 1995 in Zoetermeer) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom.",
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] | Jeremy Mooiman is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. | 2023-12-13T08:22:18Z | 2023-12-24T13:52:08Z | [
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75,552,013 | The Republic for Which It Stands | The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896 is a history of the Untied States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age., written by Richard White and published by Oxford University Press in 2017 in a hardback edition and by Audible Studios as an audiobook in 2018. It is part of the Oxford History of the United States. | [
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"text": "The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896 is a history of the Untied States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age., written by Richard White and published by Oxford University Press in 2017 in a hardback edition and by Audible Studios as an audiobook in 2018. It is part of the Oxford History of the United States.",
"title": ""
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] | The Republic for Which It Stands: The United States During Reconstruction and the Gilded Age, 1865-1896 is a history of the Untied States during Reconstruction and the Gilded Age., written by Richard White and published by Oxford University Press in 2017 in a hardback edition and by Audible Studios as an audiobook in 2018. It is part of the Oxford History of the United States. | 2023-12-13T08:24:33Z | 2023-12-27T21:31:42Z | [
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75,552,014 | Norwegian Christmas Tree in Washington, D.C. | The Norwegian Christmas Tree in Washington, D.C., is an annual gift from the people of Norway to the United States that is displayed in Washington Union Station. The tradition began in 1997 after the idea by Ambassador Tom Vraalsen to note the number of Norwegian Americans compared to the population of Norway. The tree in Union Station is one of several that Norway donates to various countries as a show of gratitude for assistance in World War II.
The tree lighting ceremony involves concerts, a model train track, and visits by the Norwegian royal family, amongst other events. The tree is between 30 to 35-feet tall (9.1 to 10.7m) and is decorated with thousands of lights, the flags of the U.S. and Norway, and themed ornaments. One year the tree was decorated with 700 ornaments depicting The Scream by Norwegian Edvard Munch. According to one reporter from the Hill Rag, the tree and model train have become "one of Washington's most popular holiday traditions."
In 1997, the government of Norway delivered a Christmas tree to Washington Union Station, as a sign of goodwill between the two countries and for U.S. assistance during World War II. The Norwegian government had been donating Christmas trees to London, Rotterdam, Reykjavik, and Antwerp, as well.
The mayor of Oslo, Per Ditlev-Simonsen, attended the lighting ceremony of the 30-foot (9.1 m) tree. Norwegian Americans attending Luther College had planted the tree, and its selection by the Norwegian government avoided U.S. import restrictions on plants. Mayor Marion Barry was given a plaque by his Oslo counterpart.
In addition to the goodwill reasoning behind the tree, Ambassador Tom Vraalsen came up with the idea of donating the tree since there are more Norwegian Americans than residents of Norway. Before the tree lighting ceremony, there was a week-long celebration at Union Station, including a Norwegian train model on display, Norwegian cuisine prepared by a chef from the Culinary Institute of Norway, and a showing of the Norwegian film Private Confessions. The model train and its journey through scenes of Norway was designed by Styrkar Braathen from the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology.
The following year, the celebration became even more elaborate, with the National Symphony Orchestra performing, dances and vocal performances, and a visit by Liv Ullmann who introduced Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway. The tree was also larger at 35-feet (10.7 m) tall, with 8,000 lights, and 2,000 small flags of Norway and the United States. President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton wrote a letter for the event, saying the tree was "a fitting symbol of the strong roots of Norwegians in America and of the enduring friendship between our two countries." In 1999, there was an exhibition on the Northern Lights, in addition to the tree, train, and other festivities. The train track recreated scene from around Norway.
The tradition of donating a tree and a train station continued into the 21st-century. In 2004, celebrations included a choir performing after an invitation by Ambassador Knut Vollebæk, and Princess Märtha Louise of Norway lighting the tree. Vollebæk said he "hoped that the tree would bring Norway, Europe and the United States closer." By 2007, the event was expanded to six weeks. A Norwegian diplomat from the Embassy of Norway said the donation of a yearly tree "was inspired by something that Norway does in other cities around the world, and that is to erect a Christmas tree as a gift to the whole country as a thank you for the assistance received in World War II" and that "it started with this holiday tree...and evolved into a large cultural festival." In addition to three concerts, there was an exhibition on Lofoten and Norwegian food available at Union Station's Center Café.
In 2013, that year's Christmas tree was decorated with 20,000 lights, the flags of each country, and 700 ornaments depicting The Scream by Norwegian Edvard Munch. According to Ambassador Kåre R. Aas, the ornaments "symbolizes all the angst in preparing for an excellent Christmas." It was also a way to recognize the 150th anniversary of Munch's birth. After the tree was taken down, the ornaments were donated. In 2014, the tree was donated with ornaments of polar bears as a way of bringing attention to climate change. Aas said "We are seeing an increased emphasis on climate issues, and Norway is working closely with the U.S. on climate issues." That year Senator Amy Klobuchar was chosen to light the tree.
The 25th anniversary of a Christmas tree being donated took place in 2022. Amongst the event taking place that year included music by Wicked Sycamore, Rayshun LaMarr, East of the River Steelband, and TenThing. Amongst the speakers at the lighting ceremony were Ambassador Anniken Krutnes, an official from the Norwegian-American Chamber of Commerce, and the president of Washington Performing Arts. During the 2023 ceremony, it was noted by reporter Elizabeth O'Gorek noted it had become "one of Washington's most popular holiday traditions." | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The Norwegian Christmas Tree in Washington, D.C., is an annual gift from the people of Norway to the United States that is displayed in Washington Union Station. The tradition began in 1997 after the idea by Ambassador Tom Vraalsen to note the number of Norwegian Americans compared to the population of Norway. The tree in Union Station is one of several that Norway donates to various countries as a show of gratitude for assistance in World War II.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "The tree lighting ceremony involves concerts, a model train track, and visits by the Norwegian royal family, amongst other events. The tree is between 30 to 35-feet tall (9.1 to 10.7m) and is decorated with thousands of lights, the flags of the U.S. and Norway, and themed ornaments. One year the tree was decorated with 700 ornaments depicting The Scream by Norwegian Edvard Munch. According to one reporter from the Hill Rag, the tree and model train have become \"one of Washington's most popular holiday traditions.\"",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "In 1997, the government of Norway delivered a Christmas tree to Washington Union Station, as a sign of goodwill between the two countries and for U.S. assistance during World War II. The Norwegian government had been donating Christmas trees to London, Rotterdam, Reykjavik, and Antwerp, as well.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "The mayor of Oslo, Per Ditlev-Simonsen, attended the lighting ceremony of the 30-foot (9.1 m) tree. Norwegian Americans attending Luther College had planted the tree, and its selection by the Norwegian government avoided U.S. import restrictions on plants. Mayor Marion Barry was given a plaque by his Oslo counterpart.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In addition to the goodwill reasoning behind the tree, Ambassador Tom Vraalsen came up with the idea of donating the tree since there are more Norwegian Americans than residents of Norway. Before the tree lighting ceremony, there was a week-long celebration at Union Station, including a Norwegian train model on display, Norwegian cuisine prepared by a chef from the Culinary Institute of Norway, and a showing of the Norwegian film Private Confessions. The model train and its journey through scenes of Norway was designed by Styrkar Braathen from the Norwegian Museum of Science and Technology.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The following year, the celebration became even more elaborate, with the National Symphony Orchestra performing, dances and vocal performances, and a visit by Liv Ullmann who introduced Haakon, Crown Prince of Norway. The tree was also larger at 35-feet (10.7 m) tall, with 8,000 lights, and 2,000 small flags of Norway and the United States. President Bill Clinton and First Lady Hillary Clinton wrote a letter for the event, saying the tree was \"a fitting symbol of the strong roots of Norwegians in America and of the enduring friendship between our two countries.\" In 1999, there was an exhibition on the Northern Lights, in addition to the tree, train, and other festivities. The train track recreated scene from around Norway.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The tradition of donating a tree and a train station continued into the 21st-century. In 2004, celebrations included a choir performing after an invitation by Ambassador Knut Vollebæk, and Princess Märtha Louise of Norway lighting the tree. Vollebæk said he \"hoped that the tree would bring Norway, Europe and the United States closer.\" By 2007, the event was expanded to six weeks. A Norwegian diplomat from the Embassy of Norway said the donation of a yearly tree \"was inspired by something that Norway does in other cities around the world, and that is to erect a Christmas tree as a gift to the whole country as a thank you for the assistance received in World War II\" and that \"it started with this holiday tree...and evolved into a large cultural festival.\" In addition to three concerts, there was an exhibition on Lofoten and Norwegian food available at Union Station's Center Café.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 2013, that year's Christmas tree was decorated with 20,000 lights, the flags of each country, and 700 ornaments depicting The Scream by Norwegian Edvard Munch. According to Ambassador Kåre R. Aas, the ornaments \"symbolizes all the angst in preparing for an excellent Christmas.\" It was also a way to recognize the 150th anniversary of Munch's birth. After the tree was taken down, the ornaments were donated. In 2014, the tree was donated with ornaments of polar bears as a way of bringing attention to climate change. Aas said \"We are seeing an increased emphasis on climate issues, and Norway is working closely with the U.S. on climate issues.\" That year Senator Amy Klobuchar was chosen to light the tree.",
"title": "History"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The 25th anniversary of a Christmas tree being donated took place in 2022. Amongst the event taking place that year included music by Wicked Sycamore, Rayshun LaMarr, East of the River Steelband, and TenThing. Amongst the speakers at the lighting ceremony were Ambassador Anniken Krutnes, an official from the Norwegian-American Chamber of Commerce, and the president of Washington Performing Arts. During the 2023 ceremony, it was noted by reporter Elizabeth O'Gorek noted it had become \"one of Washington's most popular holiday traditions.\"",
"title": "History"
}
] | The Norwegian Christmas Tree in Washington, D.C., is an annual gift from the people of Norway to the United States that is displayed in Washington Union Station. The tradition began in 1997 after the idea by Ambassador Tom Vraalsen to note the number of Norwegian Americans compared to the population of Norway. The tree in Union Station is one of several that Norway donates to various countries as a show of gratitude for assistance in World War II. The tree lighting ceremony involves concerts, a model train track, and visits by the Norwegian royal family, amongst other events. The tree is between 30 to 35-feet tall and is decorated with thousands of lights, the flags of the U.S. and Norway, and themed ornaments. One year the tree was decorated with 700 ornaments depicting The Scream by Norwegian Edvard Munch. According to one reporter from the Hill Rag, the tree and model train have become "one of Washington's most popular holiday traditions." | 2023-12-13T08:24:52Z | 2023-12-26T16:14:43Z | [
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75,552,020 | Peter Smitskam | Peter Smitskam (born 2 April 1958 in The Hague) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom.
Smitskam was born in The Hague in 1958. Before entering politics he worked as an IT security consultant in various locations including Tel Aviv, Munich and Amsterdam before founding a cybersecurity business. He first began working for the PVV in 2016. During 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. He is also a member of the Municipal Council of Zoetermeer for the PVV. | [
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"text": "Peter Smitskam (born 2 April 1958 in The Hague) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom.",
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"text": "Smitskam was born in The Hague in 1958. Before entering politics he worked as an IT security consultant in various locations including Tel Aviv, Munich and Amsterdam before founding a cybersecurity business. He first began working for the PVV in 2016. During 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. He is also a member of the Municipal Council of Zoetermeer for the PVV.",
"title": ""
}
] | Peter Smitskam is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. Smitskam was born in The Hague in 1958. Before entering politics he worked as an IT security consultant in various locations including Tel Aviv, Munich and Amsterdam before founding a cybersecurity business. He first began working for the PVV in 2016. During 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. He is also a member of the Municipal Council of Zoetermeer for the PVV. | 2023-12-13T08:25:52Z | 2023-12-24T16:02:42Z | [
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75,552,037 | Armand Sanguigni | Armand Sanguigni (1951-8 October 1984) was a Canadian outlaw biker, gangster, and hitman for the Cotroni family who was one of the accused in the Port Hope 8 case.
Sanguingi was born into a family of Italian immigrants in what is now Mississauga. He joined the Toronto chapter of Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club in 1969. A heroin addict, Sanguigni along with his fellow biker, Ken Goobie, was known as one of the loudest advocates of having Satan's Choice enter the business of selling heroin. The hitman Cecil Kirby recalled in his 1986 memoir Mafia Enforcer: "Armand Sanguigni was Goobie's number - one guy , his trusted courier and distributor . I became his banker and sometime courier.". Sanguigni worked as a hitman for the Cotroni family of Montreal. Bernie Guindon, the president of Satan's Choice, said of Sanguigni: "I didn't have much to do with those guys. I was from Oshawa. They were trying to make a living as well". Guindon stated that he was aware of Sanguigni's work for the Cotroni family, but that he was not involved. Sanguigni's friend, Howard "Pigpen" Berry said of him: "He was a good guy. I got along good with him. I didn't agree with the homicide part".
On 9 March 1973, Sanguigni killed William Lee Graham, a 21-year-old man who was one of the Crown's main witnesses against a group of Satan's Choice bikers on trial in Toronto for drug charges. Graham had been spotted by a group of Satan's Choice bikers at a Toronto motorcycle shop, was kidnapped, beaten, and while still alike his body was weighted down and dumped into the waters of Rice Lake outside of Peterborough by Sanguingi, where he drowned. Kirby stated: "I was later told of it by Armand himself". Graham's corpse was found on 27 May 1973, which led Sanguigni to complain that he should have weighted Graham with heavier weights to keep him on the bottom of Rice Lake. Besides for Graham's murder, Sangingi was the prime suspect in 11 other murders.
Sanguigni's usual partner in robbing homes and businesses was Gerard Michael Vaughan, a vicious rapist who was later found not guilty by reason of insanity for series of brutal sexual assaults on Toronto area women. Sanguigni and Vaughan specialized in robbing jewelry stores in the Toronto area. Kirby stated that Vaughan did not rape women in the presence of Sanguigni as he said: "Armand Sanguigni was not the type of person to be raping women". Kirby described Sanguigni as a hitman who felt no guilt about killing people, but stated that Sanguigni was very old-fashioned in refusing to rape women or allowing others to rape in his presence. Lorne Campbell who had known both Sanguigni and Goobie recalled the duo's thesis about the virtues of selling heroin at a club meeting as: "Their argument was that they snorted heroin and they didn't have a problem with it". Sanguigni was known as "In the trunk" because he always had something illegal to sell out of the trunk of his automobile, usually stolen goods, heroin or counterfeit money. He was one of the Satan's Choice bikers with the most closest ties to the Mafia. Sanguigni was the prime suspect in several murders, but the police never had enough evidence to charge him. Sanguigni did not have a job or any known source of legitimate income, but owned a house in Toronto in a lower-middle-class neighborhood, which was considered suspicious by the police who believed he purchased his house with the profits from his work as a hitman. Sanguigni was one of four Satan's Choice bikers in the 1970s who were known to work as subcontractors for the Mafia.
On the night of 18 October 1978, Sanguigni was one of a group of Satan's Choice bikers who went to the Queen's Hotel in Port Hope following a call for help from Richard Sauvé. The American journalist Mick Lowe wrote that Sanguigni "was by far and away the scariest" of the group who went to the Queen's Hotel that night. Upon arriving at the Queen's Hotel, Sanguigni recognized one of the Outlaws present, Fred Jones, as a former member of Satan's Choice. Accusing him of betraying Satan's Choice, Sanguigni proceeded to berate and insult Jones in the pinball room of the Queen's Hotel while Jones became increasing hysterical with fear. When William "Heavy" Matiyek of the Golden Hawk Riders was shot and killed, Sanguigni fled the Queen's Hotel via the John Street exit.
During the investigation, one of the witnesses to the murder, the waitress Cathy Cotgrave, on 21 October 1978 picked Sanguigni's photograph out of a police array of various photographs of Satan's Choice bikers. On 5 December 1978, a warrant was issued for Sanguigni's arrest. Sanguigni was the only one of the Port Hope 8 to evade arrest for a significant period of time, being arrested in January 1979. Sanguigni was arrested on 12 January 1979 in Rexdale. At the preliminary hearing for the Port Hope 8 held at the town hall of Port Hope in February 1979, Campbell attended the hearing, which led to objections from Sanguigni who felt that Campbell's presence was inappropriate. Sanguigni was denied bail and held at the Whitby jail while awaiting trial. During his trial for Matiyek's murder, Sangigni was defended by Bernard Cugelman, a Toronto lawyer often defended bikers.
The trial for the Port Hope 8 began in London, Ontario on 4 September 1979. During the trial, Cotgrave was the only witness who named Sanguigni as being present at the time of Matiyek's murder as she testified that Sanguingi was with Jones in the pinball room and that Jones "was waving his arms around, like he was in hysterics or something". During his cross-examination of Cotgrave, Cugelman made much of various differences between Cotgrave's testimony at the preliminary hearing vs her testimony at the trial. Cotgrave held well under the hostile questioning, and insisted that she saw Sanguigni in the pinball room. In his final submission to the jury, Cugelman noted that only Cotgrave had identified Sanguigni as present at the time of the murder, and he noted that she had made mistakes in her testimony about the other witnesses, most notably Gary Comeau whom she was "pretty sure" was the man who had killed Matiyek. The Crown Attorney at the trial, Chris Meinhardt, noted that Cotgrave had named Sanguigni as being present, which led hhim to argue that Sanguigni had been part of a conspiracy to murder Matiyek, which made him just as guilty of first degree murder as whoever had killed Matiyek. Meinhardt noted in English common law (the legal system used in Canada) that there was the concept of constructive first degree murder, which applied to those actions caused a murder to take part even if they did not kill someone themselves. Meinhardt argued that one of the Port Hope 8 who was probably Comeau had killed Matiyek and he argued that the others present were there to seal the exits to prevent Matiyek from escaping, which made them all guilty of first degree murder in his view. On 24 November 1979, the trial ended with Sanguigni being acquitted on all counts. Along with Gordon van Haarlem, Sanguigni was the only one of the Port Hope 8 to be acquitted.
Sanguigni was found dead along with his common law wife Katalin Dobrovolszky in his west Toronto home on 8 October 1984. Both had died of heroin overdoses. A Toronto police spokesman stated: "It could be murder-suicide, a double suicide, a drug overdose-we don't' know at this point". It was never determined if Sangiugni's death was murder or not, but his death is regarded as suspicious. Kirby described Sanguigni's death as a murder as he accused someone of giving Sangigni and Kobrovolszky intentional overdoses of heroin. Campbell described Sanguigni as a reckless heroin addict who took routinely took larger doses of heroin than was safe, and stated that Sanguigni's death was a case of death by misadventure.
On 5 December 1991, Joe Bastos, one of the lawyers for one of the "Port Hope Eight", Merv Blaker told a private detective: "The group jerked around for a long time before producing the gunman. Finally Campbell was brought forward, he was a real space cadet, he was always stoned. Thinks Sanguigni might have been the gunman". | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Armand Sanguigni (1951-8 October 1984) was a Canadian outlaw biker, gangster, and hitman for the Cotroni family who was one of the accused in the Port Hope 8 case.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Sanguingi was born into a family of Italian immigrants in what is now Mississauga. He joined the Toronto chapter of Satan's Choice Motorcycle Club in 1969. A heroin addict, Sanguigni along with his fellow biker, Ken Goobie, was known as one of the loudest advocates of having Satan's Choice enter the business of selling heroin. The hitman Cecil Kirby recalled in his 1986 memoir Mafia Enforcer: \"Armand Sanguigni was Goobie's number - one guy , his trusted courier and distributor . I became his banker and sometime courier.\". Sanguigni worked as a hitman for the Cotroni family of Montreal. Bernie Guindon, the president of Satan's Choice, said of Sanguigni: \"I didn't have much to do with those guys. I was from Oshawa. They were trying to make a living as well\". Guindon stated that he was aware of Sanguigni's work for the Cotroni family, but that he was not involved. Sanguigni's friend, Howard \"Pigpen\" Berry said of him: \"He was a good guy. I got along good with him. I didn't agree with the homicide part\".",
"title": "Satan's Choice hitman"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "On 9 March 1973, Sanguigni killed William Lee Graham, a 21-year-old man who was one of the Crown's main witnesses against a group of Satan's Choice bikers on trial in Toronto for drug charges. Graham had been spotted by a group of Satan's Choice bikers at a Toronto motorcycle shop, was kidnapped, beaten, and while still alike his body was weighted down and dumped into the waters of Rice Lake outside of Peterborough by Sanguingi, where he drowned. Kirby stated: \"I was later told of it by Armand himself\". Graham's corpse was found on 27 May 1973, which led Sanguigni to complain that he should have weighted Graham with heavier weights to keep him on the bottom of Rice Lake. Besides for Graham's murder, Sangingi was the prime suspect in 11 other murders.",
"title": "Satan's Choice hitman"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Sanguigni's usual partner in robbing homes and businesses was Gerard Michael Vaughan, a vicious rapist who was later found not guilty by reason of insanity for series of brutal sexual assaults on Toronto area women. Sanguigni and Vaughan specialized in robbing jewelry stores in the Toronto area. Kirby stated that Vaughan did not rape women in the presence of Sanguigni as he said: \"Armand Sanguigni was not the type of person to be raping women\". Kirby described Sanguigni as a hitman who felt no guilt about killing people, but stated that Sanguigni was very old-fashioned in refusing to rape women or allowing others to rape in his presence. Lorne Campbell who had known both Sanguigni and Goobie recalled the duo's thesis about the virtues of selling heroin at a club meeting as: \"Their argument was that they snorted heroin and they didn't have a problem with it\". Sanguigni was known as \"In the trunk\" because he always had something illegal to sell out of the trunk of his automobile, usually stolen goods, heroin or counterfeit money. He was one of the Satan's Choice bikers with the most closest ties to the Mafia. Sanguigni was the prime suspect in several murders, but the police never had enough evidence to charge him. Sanguigni did not have a job or any known source of legitimate income, but owned a house in Toronto in a lower-middle-class neighborhood, which was considered suspicious by the police who believed he purchased his house with the profits from his work as a hitman. Sanguigni was one of four Satan's Choice bikers in the 1970s who were known to work as subcontractors for the Mafia.",
"title": "Satan's Choice hitman"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "On the night of 18 October 1978, Sanguigni was one of a group of Satan's Choice bikers who went to the Queen's Hotel in Port Hope following a call for help from Richard Sauvé. The American journalist Mick Lowe wrote that Sanguigni \"was by far and away the scariest\" of the group who went to the Queen's Hotel that night. Upon arriving at the Queen's Hotel, Sanguigni recognized one of the Outlaws present, Fred Jones, as a former member of Satan's Choice. Accusing him of betraying Satan's Choice, Sanguigni proceeded to berate and insult Jones in the pinball room of the Queen's Hotel while Jones became increasing hysterical with fear. When William \"Heavy\" Matiyek of the Golden Hawk Riders was shot and killed, Sanguigni fled the Queen's Hotel via the John Street exit.",
"title": "Port Hope 8 Case"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "During the investigation, one of the witnesses to the murder, the waitress Cathy Cotgrave, on 21 October 1978 picked Sanguigni's photograph out of a police array of various photographs of Satan's Choice bikers. On 5 December 1978, a warrant was issued for Sanguigni's arrest. Sanguigni was the only one of the Port Hope 8 to evade arrest for a significant period of time, being arrested in January 1979. Sanguigni was arrested on 12 January 1979 in Rexdale. At the preliminary hearing for the Port Hope 8 held at the town hall of Port Hope in February 1979, Campbell attended the hearing, which led to objections from Sanguigni who felt that Campbell's presence was inappropriate. Sanguigni was denied bail and held at the Whitby jail while awaiting trial. During his trial for Matiyek's murder, Sangigni was defended by Bernard Cugelman, a Toronto lawyer often defended bikers.",
"title": "Port Hope 8 Case"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "The trial for the Port Hope 8 began in London, Ontario on 4 September 1979. During the trial, Cotgrave was the only witness who named Sanguigni as being present at the time of Matiyek's murder as she testified that Sanguingi was with Jones in the pinball room and that Jones \"was waving his arms around, like he was in hysterics or something\". During his cross-examination of Cotgrave, Cugelman made much of various differences between Cotgrave's testimony at the preliminary hearing vs her testimony at the trial. Cotgrave held well under the hostile questioning, and insisted that she saw Sanguigni in the pinball room. In his final submission to the jury, Cugelman noted that only Cotgrave had identified Sanguigni as present at the time of the murder, and he noted that she had made mistakes in her testimony about the other witnesses, most notably Gary Comeau whom she was \"pretty sure\" was the man who had killed Matiyek. The Crown Attorney at the trial, Chris Meinhardt, noted that Cotgrave had named Sanguigni as being present, which led hhim to argue that Sanguigni had been part of a conspiracy to murder Matiyek, which made him just as guilty of first degree murder as whoever had killed Matiyek. Meinhardt noted in English common law (the legal system used in Canada) that there was the concept of constructive first degree murder, which applied to those actions caused a murder to take part even if they did not kill someone themselves. Meinhardt argued that one of the Port Hope 8 who was probably Comeau had killed Matiyek and he argued that the others present were there to seal the exits to prevent Matiyek from escaping, which made them all guilty of first degree murder in his view. On 24 November 1979, the trial ended with Sanguigni being acquitted on all counts. Along with Gordon van Haarlem, Sanguigni was the only one of the Port Hope 8 to be acquitted.",
"title": "Port Hope 8 Case"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Sanguigni was found dead along with his common law wife Katalin Dobrovolszky in his west Toronto home on 8 October 1984. Both had died of heroin overdoses. A Toronto police spokesman stated: \"It could be murder-suicide, a double suicide, a drug overdose-we don't' know at this point\". It was never determined if Sangiugni's death was murder or not, but his death is regarded as suspicious. Kirby described Sanguigni's death as a murder as he accused someone of giving Sangigni and Kobrovolszky intentional overdoses of heroin. Campbell described Sanguigni as a reckless heroin addict who took routinely took larger doses of heroin than was safe, and stated that Sanguigni's death was a case of death by misadventure.",
"title": "Death"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "On 5 December 1991, Joe Bastos, one of the lawyers for one of the \"Port Hope Eight\", Merv Blaker told a private detective: \"The group jerked around for a long time before producing the gunman. Finally Campbell was brought forward, he was a real space cadet, he was always stoned. Thinks Sanguigni might have been the gunman\".",
"title": "Death"
}
] | Armand Sanguigni was a Canadian outlaw biker, gangster, and hitman for the Cotroni family who was one of the accused in the Port Hope 8 case. | 2023-12-13T08:28:41Z | 2023-12-19T06:21:54Z | [
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75,552,039 | Jan Valize | Jan Valize (born 14 September 1982 in Venlo) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. | [
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"text": "Jan Valize (born 14 September 1982 in Venlo) is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives.",
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] | Jan Valize is a Dutch politician from the Party for Freedom. In the 2023 Dutch general election he was elected to the Dutch House of Representatives. | 2023-12-13T08:29:03Z | 2023-12-24T16:18:53Z | [
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75,552,047 | Manuel Torres (sculptor) | Manuel "Manolo" Torres (Malaga, 1938 — Geneva, 19 January 2018) was a Spanish sculptor.
He is mostly known for monumental sculptures made of stainless steel, essentially abstract but retaining symbolic meaning. Torres spent his entire career in the Canton of Geneva, where a number of his work is on display in public spaces.
Torres was born in Malaga to a family of fishermen and factory workers. After emigrating to Geneva, he married Maria Guerrero at some point prior to 1970.
Torres decided to become a boilermaker after observing the work of Romani blacksmiths. He then studied the trade at Malaga professional school.
In 1960, Torres left Spain to seek employment in Geneva. He was soon hired as a metal worker at Ateliers des Charmilles [], and employed at building machine prototypes.
While working at the Charmilles workshop, Torres started building his first iron sculptures as a self-taught artist. He built himself an unofficial workshop where he started welding a variety of metal refuse, gifting his work to his wife.
Starting in 1964, and more in the 70s, Torres took part in exhibits in Switzerland, Spain, France and Austria. In 1965 he was introduced into the artistic circles of Geneva through his friend Henri Presset.
In 1971, Torres had a large commission from the Fédération suisse des travailleurs de la métallurgie et de l'horlogerie (FTMH, now Unia), and he left the Charmilles workshop to focus exclusively on sculpture. He settled his workshop at Eaumorte, in Avully. He also took part in artistic pannels, and taught masterclasses in French-speaking Switzerland.
In the 1980s, he was commissioned for monumental works of art in the public space in Geneva, as well as in Bienne, Delémont, Schaffhausen and Madrid.
In 1978, Torrès said of his immigrant background: "first, it is euphorising to earn wages that would be unimaginable in Spain and to be in a position to spend without worry. But little by little you start realising the relationship between the two countries: if Switzerland enjoys such a material plenty, is might well be through poverty in other countries". According to journalist Michel Mohr, who interviewed him, Torres' sculptures "are to a degree a sublimation of his factory work".
After Torres died, art journalist Samuel Schellenberg said that he had a "playful and endearing personality".
In 1980, Torres won the competition for a statue to be offered by Geneva for the independaence of the canton of Jura. The work, named Acero, was inaugurated in Delémont in 1981.
In 1990, he built a fountain named Miroir lunaire at Collège de Staël in Carouge, after winning a competition organised by the Fonds cantonal de décoration et d'art visuel.
In 2000, upon a commission of the City of Geneva, he built a memorial in homage to the Brigadists, "Swiss combatants who fought for the defence of liberty and democracy in Spain (1936–1938)". A commemorative plaque near the monument bears a quote by Dolores Ibárruri. The monument is installed at the end of Dancet Avenue, in the Plainpalais neighbourhood in Geneva. The monument was commissioned after a 1996 decision of the Municipal Council, for the 60th anniversary of the International Brigades.
In 2003, Torres won the first prize of a competition by the Senate of Spain for the 25th anniversary of the 1978 Constitution of Spain. He then made 19 bronze copies of Fuente de los Sueños ("Fountain of Dreams"), one for each of the provincial parliaments of Spain. | [
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"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Manuel \"Manolo\" Torres (Malaga, 1938 — Geneva, 19 January 2018) was a Spanish sculptor.",
"title": ""
},
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"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "He is mostly known for monumental sculptures made of stainless steel, essentially abstract but retaining symbolic meaning. Torres spent his entire career in the Canton of Geneva, where a number of his work is on display in public spaces.",
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{
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"text": "Torres was born in Malaga to a family of fishermen and factory workers. After emigrating to Geneva, he married Maria Guerrero at some point prior to 1970.",
"title": "Biography"
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{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Torres decided to become a boilermaker after observing the work of Romani blacksmiths. He then studied the trade at Malaga professional school.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "In 1960, Torres left Spain to seek employment in Geneva. He was soon hired as a metal worker at Ateliers des Charmilles [], and employed at building machine prototypes.",
"title": "Biography"
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{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "While working at the Charmilles workshop, Torres started building his first iron sculptures as a self-taught artist. He built himself an unofficial workshop where he started welding a variety of metal refuse, gifting his work to his wife.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Starting in 1964, and more in the 70s, Torres took part in exhibits in Switzerland, Spain, France and Austria. In 1965 he was introduced into the artistic circles of Geneva through his friend Henri Presset.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1971, Torres had a large commission from the Fédération suisse des travailleurs de la métallurgie et de l'horlogerie (FTMH, now Unia), and he left the Charmilles workshop to focus exclusively on sculpture. He settled his workshop at Eaumorte, in Avully. He also took part in artistic pannels, and taught masterclasses in French-speaking Switzerland.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "In the 1980s, he was commissioned for monumental works of art in the public space in Geneva, as well as in Bienne, Delémont, Schaffhausen and Madrid.",
"title": "Biography"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "In 1978, Torrès said of his immigrant background: \"first, it is euphorising to earn wages that would be unimaginable in Spain and to be in a position to spend without worry. But little by little you start realising the relationship between the two countries: if Switzerland enjoys such a material plenty, is might well be through poverty in other countries\". According to journalist Michel Mohr, who interviewed him, Torres' sculptures \"are to a degree a sublimation of his factory work\".",
"title": "Personality"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "After Torres died, art journalist Samuel Schellenberg said that he had a \"playful and endearing personality\".",
"title": "Personality"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "In 1980, Torres won the competition for a statue to be offered by Geneva for the independaence of the canton of Jura. The work, named Acero, was inaugurated in Delémont in 1981.",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In 1990, he built a fountain named Miroir lunaire at Collège de Staël in Carouge, after winning a competition organised by the Fonds cantonal de décoration et d'art visuel.",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "In 2000, upon a commission of the City of Geneva, he built a memorial in homage to the Brigadists, \"Swiss combatants who fought for the defence of liberty and democracy in Spain (1936–1938)\". A commemorative plaque near the monument bears a quote by Dolores Ibárruri. The monument is installed at the end of Dancet Avenue, in the Plainpalais neighbourhood in Geneva. The monument was commissioned after a 1996 decision of the Municipal Council, for the 60th anniversary of the International Brigades.",
"title": "Works"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "In 2003, Torres won the first prize of a competition by the Senate of Spain for the 25th anniversary of the 1978 Constitution of Spain. He then made 19 bronze copies of Fuente de los Sueños (\"Fountain of Dreams\"), one for each of the provincial parliaments of Spain.",
"title": "Works"
}
] | Manuel "Manolo" Torres was a Spanish sculptor. He is mostly known for monumental sculptures made of stainless steel, essentially abstract but retaining symbolic meaning. Torres spent his entire career in the Canton of Geneva, where a number of his work is on display in public spaces. | 2023-12-13T08:30:04Z | 2023-12-31T22:16:19Z | [
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75,552,053 | 2024 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election | The 2024 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election will be held on 5 November 2024, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Missouri, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various other state and local elections. Incumbent Republican Lieutenant Governor Mike Kehoe is running for governor in 2024, leaving the seat open for a successor. The filing deadline is 26 March 2024, with primaries being held on 6 August. | [
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"text": "The 2024 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election will be held on 5 November 2024, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Missouri, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various other state and local elections. Incumbent Republican Lieutenant Governor Mike Kehoe is running for governor in 2024, leaving the seat open for a successor. The filing deadline is 26 March 2024, with primaries being held on 6 August.",
"title": ""
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] | The 2024 Missouri lieutenant gubernatorial election will be held on 5 November 2024, to elect the Lieutenant Governor of Missouri, concurrently with the 2024 U.S. presidential election, as well as elections to the United States Senate, elections to the United States House of Representatives, and various other state and local elections. Incumbent Republican Lieutenant Governor Mike Kehoe is running for governor in 2024, leaving the seat open for a successor. The filing deadline is 26 March 2024, with primaries being held on 6 August. | 2023-12-13T08:30:57Z | 2023-12-20T04:29:44Z | [
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75,552,074 | Valize | Valize is a Dutch surname. It may refer to: | [
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"text": "Valize is a Dutch surname. It may refer to:",
"title": ""
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] | Valize is a Dutch surname. It may refer to: Jan Valize, Dutch politician
Mitch Valize, Dutch Para-cyclist | 2023-12-13T08:34:18Z | 2023-12-13T08:34:18Z | [
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] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valize |
75,552,087 | Kari Fasting | Kari Fasting (born 1943) is a Norwegian sport sociologist. She was the first female rector of the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.
Fasting worked at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences from 1972 until 2013, when she became a professor emerita. She became Norway's first female professor of sport when appointed as such in 1987. From 1989 to 1994 she served as the School of Sport Sciences' rector. Among her main fields of research have been equality and sexual harrassment in sport.
Fasting served as vice president of the International Sociology of Sport Association from 1990 to 1992 and president from 1992 to 1996, as well as sitting on the editorial board of its journal International Review for Sociology of Sport. In 2011 she received honorary membership of the International Sociology of Sport Association. She was later president of Women Sport International from 2003 to 2010.
Fasting also received honorary degrees at the University of Bern, University of Chichester and Malmö University. In 2023, she was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav. She resides at Fossum, Bærum. | [
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"text": "Kari Fasting (born 1943) is a Norwegian sport sociologist. She was the first female rector of the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences.",
"title": ""
},
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"text": "Fasting worked at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences from 1972 until 2013, when she became a professor emerita. She became Norway's first female professor of sport when appointed as such in 1987. From 1989 to 1994 she served as the School of Sport Sciences' rector. Among her main fields of research have been equality and sexual harrassment in sport.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "Fasting served as vice president of the International Sociology of Sport Association from 1990 to 1992 and president from 1992 to 1996, as well as sitting on the editorial board of its journal International Review for Sociology of Sport. In 2011 she received honorary membership of the International Sociology of Sport Association. She was later president of Women Sport International from 2003 to 2010.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Fasting also received honorary degrees at the University of Bern, University of Chichester and Malmö University. In 2023, she was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav. She resides at Fossum, Bærum.",
"title": ""
}
] | Kari Fasting is a Norwegian sport sociologist. She was the first female rector of the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences. Fasting worked at the Norwegian School of Sport Sciences from 1972 until 2013, when she became a professor emerita. She became Norway's first female professor of sport when appointed as such in 1987. From 1989 to 1994 she served as the School of Sport Sciences' rector. Among her main fields of research have been equality and sexual harrassment in sport. Fasting served as vice president of the International Sociology of Sport Association from 1990 to 1992 and president from 1992 to 1996, as well as sitting on the editorial board of its journal International Review for Sociology of Sport. In 2011 she received honorary membership of the International Sociology of Sport Association. She was later president of Women Sport International from 2003 to 2010. Fasting also received honorary degrees at the University of Bern, University of Chichester and Malmö University. In 2023, she was decorated as a Knight, First Class of the Order of St. Olav. She resides at Fossum, Bærum. | 2023-12-13T08:36:16Z | 2023-12-13T11:18:32Z | [
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75,552,090 | Emma Peloetletse | "Emma Peloetletse is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Minister of Permanent Secretary to the President in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
{
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"text": "\"Emma Peloetletse is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Minister of Permanent Secretary to the President in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022.",
"title": ""
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] | "Emma Peloetletse is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Minister of Permanent Secretary to the President in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:36:31Z | 2023-12-13T08:41:41Z | [
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75,552,106 | Fenty X Puma | Fenty X Puma (stylized FEИTY x PUMA; aka Fenty Puma Creeper or simply Fenty Creeper), is a fashion collaboration between Barbadian singer-songwriter and businesswoman Rihanna and German clothing manufacturer Puma. Rihanna first partnered with Puma in 2014 as the creative director and brand ambassador appearing in advertisements in 2015. In 2016, the debut colorway collection was launched with a live-streamed fashion show, a day before Kanye West unveiled Yeezy Season 4. | [
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"text": "Fenty X Puma (stylized FEИTY x PUMA; aka Fenty Puma Creeper or simply Fenty Creeper), is a fashion collaboration between Barbadian singer-songwriter and businesswoman Rihanna and German clothing manufacturer Puma. Rihanna first partnered with Puma in 2014 as the creative director and brand ambassador appearing in advertisements in 2015. In 2016, the debut colorway collection was launched with a live-streamed fashion show, a day before Kanye West unveiled Yeezy Season 4.",
"title": ""
}
] | Fenty X Puma, is a fashion collaboration between Barbadian singer-songwriter and businesswoman Rihanna and German clothing manufacturer Puma. Rihanna first partnered with Puma in 2014 as the creative director and brand ambassador appearing in advertisements in 2015. In 2016, the debut colorway collection was launched with a live-streamed fashion show, a day before Kanye West unveiled Yeezy Season 4. | 2023-12-13T08:39:04Z | 2023-12-21T00:09:25Z | [
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75,552,115 | Kabo Neale Schele Morwaeng | "Kabo Neale Schele Morwaeng is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Minister for State President in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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"text": "\"Kabo Neale Schele Morwaeng is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Minister for State President in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022.",
"title": ""
},
{
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] | "Kabo Neale Schele Morwaeng is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Minister for State President in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:40:59Z | 2023-12-13T08:41:27Z | [
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75,552,116 | 2024–25 Selangor F.C. season | The 2024–25 season is Selangor's 19th season in the Super League and their 39th consecutive season in the top flight of Malaysia football. The club also participates in the Malaysia Cup, FA Cup and AFC Champions League 2, entering the AFC competition for the first time since the 2016 season.
This is the first season for the club have a two-year schedule, instead of an all-year-round schedule since the 2007–08 season. Malaysian Football League (MFL) expected to introduce and continue with the original plan to implement a new format of the Malaysian League with the league expected to start in the middle of this year, according to the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) calendar format from 2024. AFC change the competition calendar from August to May starting the 2023–24 season to facilitate the arrangement of the schedule in parallel with the FIFA international calendar. However, MFL was still in discussions with local clubs to initiate the change from this year to ensure that the Malaysian League transfer window is aligned with international leagues. On 22 December 2023, MFL announced the kick-off date of the 2024–25 Malaysian League new season. The new season will begin on May 3–5 2024, until April 2025 following the league's move align the domestic season to the new AFC calendar.
This season, Selangor entering the 2024–25 AFC Champions League 2 after finished second in the Super League last season, returning to AFC competition for the first time since the 2016 season. The red giants enter the Asia's new second-tier club football tournament organized by the AFC, after the origin tournament AFC Cup is set to be discontinued after the end of the 2023–24 season.
Source: Soccerway
Source: Super League fixtures and results
Win Draw Loss
The league fixtures were announced on TBD 2024.
Win Draw Loss
Win Draw Loss
As a Super League side, Selangor entered the FA Cup in the second round.
As a Super League side, Selangor entered the competition in the round of 16.
The first group matches were played on 17–19 September.
Win Draw Loss Fixtures
Appearances (Apps.) numbers are for appearances in competitive games only including sub appearances. Red card numbers denote: Numbers in parentheses represent red cards overturned for wrongful dismissal.
† Player left the club during the season.
Includes all competitive matches.
† Player left the club during the season.
† Player left the club during the season.
Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total cards are equal.
† Player left the club during the season. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "The 2024–25 season is Selangor's 19th season in the Super League and their 39th consecutive season in the top flight of Malaysia football. The club also participates in the Malaysia Cup, FA Cup and AFC Champions League 2, entering the AFC competition for the first time since the 2016 season.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "This is the first season for the club have a two-year schedule, instead of an all-year-round schedule since the 2007–08 season. Malaysian Football League (MFL) expected to introduce and continue with the original plan to implement a new format of the Malaysian League with the league expected to start in the middle of this year, according to the Asian Football Confederation (AFC) calendar format from 2024. AFC change the competition calendar from August to May starting the 2023–24 season to facilitate the arrangement of the schedule in parallel with the FIFA international calendar. However, MFL was still in discussions with local clubs to initiate the change from this year to ensure that the Malaysian League transfer window is aligned with international leagues. On 22 December 2023, MFL announced the kick-off date of the 2024–25 Malaysian League new season. The new season will begin on May 3–5 2024, until April 2025 following the league's move align the domestic season to the new AFC calendar.",
"title": "Review"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "This season, Selangor entering the 2024–25 AFC Champions League 2 after finished second in the Super League last season, returning to AFC competition for the first time since the 2016 season. The red giants enter the Asia's new second-tier club football tournament organized by the AFC, after the origin tournament AFC Cup is set to be discontinued after the end of the 2023–24 season.",
"title": "Review"
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"title": "Competitions"
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"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Source: Super League fixtures and results",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "The league fixtures were announced on TBD 2024.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Win Draw Loss",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "As a Super League side, Selangor entered the FA Cup in the second round.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "As a Super League side, Selangor entered the competition in the round of 16.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "The first group matches were played on 17–19 September.",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Win Draw Loss Fixtures",
"title": "Competitions"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Appearances (Apps.) numbers are for appearances in competitive games only including sub appearances. Red card numbers denote: Numbers in parentheses represent red cards overturned for wrongful dismissal.",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "† Player left the club during the season.",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Includes all competitive matches.",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "† Player left the club during the season.",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "† Player left the club during the season.",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "Includes all competitive matches. The list is sorted alphabetically by surname when total cards are equal.",
"title": "Statistics"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "† Player left the club during the season.",
"title": "Statistics"
}
] | The 2024–25 season is Selangor's 19th season in the Super League and their 39th consecutive season in the top flight of Malaysia football. The club also participates in the Malaysia Cup, FA Cup and AFC Champions League 2, entering the AFC competition for the first time since the 2016 season. | 2023-12-13T08:41:04Z | 2023-12-31T01:26:50Z | [
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75,552,129 | Change Starts Now | Change Starts Now is a South African political movement founded in December 2023, advocating for social and economic change in alignment with the principles outlined in "The South Africa We Want And Deserve" manifesto. The movement is led by Roger Jardine, a prominent Anti-Apartheid activist with a track record in private sector and government leadership.It was launched in Riverlea, Johannesburg West, where Roger was born.
The movement emerged as a response to ongoing debates about the state of South Africa and a perceived gap between the promises outlined in the country's constitution and the current reality. The founders are former UDF leader and speechwriter Murphy Morobe, editor and activist Mark Heywood, Nicole Fritz of the Helen Suzman Foundation, and anti-apartheid activist and Nelson Mandela's former doctor, Dr Aslam Dasoo. They were inspired by the vision articulated in the party's manifesto that sought to address issues related to equality, dignity, security, freedom, education, employment, protection, housing, water, energy, justice, healthcare, and food security.
Roger Jardine is the leader of the political movement. His experience in the business sector, and his involvement underscores the movement's commitment to a multi-faceted approach that incorporates both public and private sector perspectives.
Public reception to Change Starts Now has been diverse, with supporters praising its commitment to the principles outlined in "The South Africa We Want And Deserve". Critics, however, have raised questions about the feasibility and practicality of implementing the proposed changes. | [
{
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"text": "Change Starts Now is a South African political movement founded in December 2023, advocating for social and economic change in alignment with the principles outlined in \"The South Africa We Want And Deserve\" manifesto. The movement is led by Roger Jardine, a prominent Anti-Apartheid activist with a track record in private sector and government leadership.It was launched in Riverlea, Johannesburg West, where Roger was born.",
"title": ""
},
{
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"text": "The movement emerged as a response to ongoing debates about the state of South Africa and a perceived gap between the promises outlined in the country's constitution and the current reality. The founders are former UDF leader and speechwriter Murphy Morobe, editor and activist Mark Heywood, Nicole Fritz of the Helen Suzman Foundation, and anti-apartheid activist and Nelson Mandela's former doctor, Dr Aslam Dasoo. They were inspired by the vision articulated in the party's manifesto that sought to address issues related to equality, dignity, security, freedom, education, employment, protection, housing, water, energy, justice, healthcare, and food security.",
"title": "Background and Foundation"
},
{
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"text": "Roger Jardine is the leader of the political movement. His experience in the business sector, and his involvement underscores the movement's commitment to a multi-faceted approach that incorporates both public and private sector perspectives.",
"title": "Leadership"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Public reception to Change Starts Now has been diverse, with supporters praising its commitment to the principles outlined in \"The South Africa We Want And Deserve\". Critics, however, have raised questions about the feasibility and practicality of implementing the proposed changes.",
"title": "Public reception"
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] | Change Starts Now is a South African political movement founded in December 2023, advocating for social and economic change in alignment with the principles outlined in "The South Africa We Want And Deserve" manifesto. The movement is led by Roger Jardine, a prominent Anti-Apartheid activist with a track record in private sector and government leadership.It was launched in Riverlea, Johannesburg West, where Roger was born. | 2023-12-13T08:42:59Z | 2023-12-14T23:59:37Z | [
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75,552,145 | Kgotla Kenneth Autlwetse | Kgotla Kenneth Autlwetse is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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"title": ""
},
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] | Kgotla Kenneth Autlwetse is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:44:40Z | 2023-12-19T08:20:03Z | [
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75,552,169 | J. Bruce Overmier | J. Bruce Overmier is an experimental psychologist, author, and academic. He is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota (UMN).
Overmier's research is centered on behavioral and biological psychology, with a specific focus on utilizing basic animal research as models to provide fundamental insights into both mental and physical health. He has published journal articles, book chapters, and reference CDs. He is also the author of two books, titled Animal Learning: Survey and Analysis and Animal Models of Human Pathology: A Bibliography of a Quarter Century of Behavioral Research, and the editor of Animal Research and Human Health: Advancing Human Welfare Through Behavioral Science, among others. He is the recipient of the D.O. Hebb Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, the American Psychological Association inaugural Award for Distinguished Service to Psychological Science, the American Psychological Association Board of Educational Affairs Outstanding Graduate Teaching of Psychology as a Core STEM Discipline Award, the C.T. Morgan Award for Distinguished Service, the Susan T. Rydell Lifetime Achievement Award, and the W. Horsley Gantt Medal. In addition, he won the Ernest R. Hilgard Lifetime Achievement Award and wrote an invited column titled "Reflections on 60 years of working in psychology" in The General Psychologist newsletter, where he reflected on his career and shared nine lessons learned during that time.
Overmier is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, and American Psychological Association, as well as an Elected Fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists. He is also a member of the International Association of Applied Psychology and the International Society for Comparative Psychology. He has served as the Editor of Learning and Motivation and as an Associate Editor for American Psychologist, Encyclopedia of Psychology, and International Journal of Psychology.
Overmier pursued a Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry at Kenyon College, followed by a master's degree in General Psychology from Bowling Green University. In 1962, he took the Perception and Choice Behavior fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania, and from 1963 to 1965, he held the NIH Predoctoral Fellowship. He earned a master's degree in Learning Psychology in 1964 and completed his doctoral studies in psychology at UPenn in 1965. He served his Postdoctoral term at the University of London in 1971 and received the National Science Foundation Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship as well as a Fulbright Hays Fellowship for lecturing at the International Laboratory of Brain Research in 1980. In 1984, he was awarded the Fogarty Senior International Fellowship at the Institute of Physiological Psychology, followed by the Bush Foundation Sabbatical Fellowship, the James McKeen Cattell Fellowship in 1985, and Norwegian Marshall Fund Fellow in 1987. He was honored with the Dr. Sci. honoris causa in 1990 by Kenyon College and received honorary degrees from University of Montreal and University of Bergen in 2008.
Overmier's academic journey has been influenced by a lineage of mentors. Initially, figures like Harry Harlow, J. McV. Hunt, Harold Schlosberg, and Donald R. Meyer played a role in shaping his scholarly development. He also received mentorship from a group of nine individuals, including Seymour Levine, Robt Guion, John R. Schuck, Richard L. Solomon, J. Brady, Holger Ursin, F. R. Brush, E. Schein, and Jerzy Konorski.
After initially training as a chemist at Kenyon College in 1960, Overmier switched to psychology. His academic career began as an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota from 1965 to 1968, followed by roles as Associate Professor and then Professor within the Department of Psychology from 1971 to 2014. He held the position of Professor II at the University of Bergen from 1992 to 2006 and served as an adjunct professor at the University of Tehran. He was appointed the John Paul Scott Distinguished Lecturer at Bowling Green State University in 2015 and is serving as a professor emeritus at UMN.
Overmier served as the Director of the Center for Research in Learning, Perception, & Cognition at the University of Minnesota from 1983 to 1989. He then held the position of Executive Officer for the Department of Psychology and acted as the Principal Investigator for the Research Experiences for Undergraduates in the Behavioral Sciences program from 1989 to 2002.
Overmier co-founded the Winter Conference on Animal Learning in 1981 and served as a President of the Midwestern Psychological Association in 1987. Within the APA, he assumed the presidency of the Society for Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology in 1990, later serving as President of the Society for Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Science in 1992 as well as Society for General Psychology in 2003. He held the role of President of the Pavlovian Society from 1995. He also served as the President of the International Union of Psychological Sciences from 2004 to 2008. He was elected to the executive board of the International Council of Science (ICSU) from 2009 to 2011.
Overmier's research activities have encompassed diverse areas such as learning, memory, stress, and the underlying biological substrates. His work involved a wide array of animal models and human clients with specific dysfunctions to explore cognitive and biological aspects of stress, conditioning, learning, and memory in both animals and humans.
In his book Animal Learning Survey and Analysis, Overmier discussed the challenges associated with employing anesthetized or immobilized animals, which impede the examination of intricate behaviors within the mammalian nervous system. Robert Boice in a review for The Quarterly Review of Biology described the book as an excellent textbook conveying the author's enthusiasm for animal behavior and sociobiology principles.
Overmier and F. Robert Brush edited Affect, Conditioning, and Cognition: Essays on the Determinants of Behavior which encompassed Solomon's teaching and research covering conditioned fear, cognitive aspects in Pavlovian conditioning, and learned helplessness. In the compilation Animal Models of Human Pathology: A Bibliography of a Quarter Century of Behavioral Research, he, in collaboration with Patricia D. Burke, edited 25 years of research on animal behavior models which featured 1600 abstracts and citations from the PsycINFO database. He contributed as an editor to the IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology as well, which offered an overview of applied psychology and key research findings.
Co-edited with Marilyn E. Carroll, Overmier's work Animal Research and Human Health: Advancing Human Welfare through Behavioral Science explored the synergistic relationship between human and animal research, showcasing breakthroughs in diverse psychology domains. In a review for the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Trevor Robbins stated that "J. Bruce Overmier has previously provided one of the more precise accounts of the status of the animal model concept which is developed further here to point out its general heuristic utility in abstract problem-solving endeavors of representation in parallel domains."
Overmier has conducted various studies on animal models and physiological impacts in animals. He explored the consequences of exposing dogs to inescapable shocks, observing a reliable disruption of their subsequent escape-avoidance responses in new situations suggesting that these disruptive effects constituted a state of Learned Helplessness. He expanded on this research, by conducting an investigation involving 18 male dogs subjected to three treatments: hammock habituation, stress induction, and a shuttlebox test. The results revealed that exposure to uncontrollable shocks during stress induction led to a significant increase in cortisol levels. In a 1991 study focused on stress-induced gastric ulcers in animal models, he highlighted the notion that some of these ulcers are primarily driven by brain-related mechanisms suggesting that managing such ulcers can be achieved through central interventions.
Overmier's research has provided insights into psychological conditions and the pharmacological impact on behavior. He delved into the two-process approach to learning, with a specific focus on Pavlovian mediational states resulting from stimulus-reinforcer pairings as modulators of instrumental behaviors. He explored the concepts of learned helplessness and learned irrelevance, to shed light on their relevance in understanding conditions such as depression and PTSD underscoring the value of this research and raising concerns about emerging social and legal barriers within this field. His research extended to investigating the specificity of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) through experiments revealing that CS+s significantly influence choices related to their associated specific reinforcers. | [
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"text": "Overmier's research is centered on behavioral and biological psychology, with a specific focus on utilizing basic animal research as models to provide fundamental insights into both mental and physical health. He has published journal articles, book chapters, and reference CDs. He is also the author of two books, titled Animal Learning: Survey and Analysis and Animal Models of Human Pathology: A Bibliography of a Quarter Century of Behavioral Research, and the editor of Animal Research and Human Health: Advancing Human Welfare Through Behavioral Science, among others. He is the recipient of the D.O. Hebb Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, the American Psychological Association inaugural Award for Distinguished Service to Psychological Science, the American Psychological Association Board of Educational Affairs Outstanding Graduate Teaching of Psychology as a Core STEM Discipline Award, the C.T. Morgan Award for Distinguished Service, the Susan T. Rydell Lifetime Achievement Award, and the W. Horsley Gantt Medal. In addition, he won the Ernest R. Hilgard Lifetime Achievement Award and wrote an invited column titled \"Reflections on 60 years of working in psychology\" in The General Psychologist newsletter, where he reflected on his career and shared nine lessons learned during that time.",
"title": ""
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"text": "Overmier is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, and American Psychological Association, as well as an Elected Fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists. He is also a member of the International Association of Applied Psychology and the International Society for Comparative Psychology. He has served as the Editor of Learning and Motivation and as an Associate Editor for American Psychologist, Encyclopedia of Psychology, and International Journal of Psychology.",
"title": ""
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"text": "Overmier pursued a Bachelor of Arts degree in chemistry at Kenyon College, followed by a master's degree in General Psychology from Bowling Green University. In 1962, he took the Perception and Choice Behavior fellowship at the University of Pennsylvania, and from 1963 to 1965, he held the NIH Predoctoral Fellowship. He earned a master's degree in Learning Psychology in 1964 and completed his doctoral studies in psychology at UPenn in 1965. He served his Postdoctoral term at the University of London in 1971 and received the National Science Foundation Senior Postdoctoral Fellowship as well as a Fulbright Hays Fellowship for lecturing at the International Laboratory of Brain Research in 1980. In 1984, he was awarded the Fogarty Senior International Fellowship at the Institute of Physiological Psychology, followed by the Bush Foundation Sabbatical Fellowship, the James McKeen Cattell Fellowship in 1985, and Norwegian Marshall Fund Fellow in 1987. He was honored with the Dr. Sci. honoris causa in 1990 by Kenyon College and received honorary degrees from University of Montreal and University of Bergen in 2008.",
"title": "Education and early career"
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"title": "Education and early career"
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"text": "After initially training as a chemist at Kenyon College in 1960, Overmier switched to psychology. His academic career began as an assistant professor at the University of Minnesota from 1965 to 1968, followed by roles as Associate Professor and then Professor within the Department of Psychology from 1971 to 2014. He held the position of Professor II at the University of Bergen from 1992 to 2006 and served as an adjunct professor at the University of Tehran. He was appointed the John Paul Scott Distinguished Lecturer at Bowling Green State University in 2015 and is serving as a professor emeritus at UMN.",
"title": "Career"
},
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"text": "Overmier served as the Director of the Center for Research in Learning, Perception, & Cognition at the University of Minnesota from 1983 to 1989. He then held the position of Executive Officer for the Department of Psychology and acted as the Principal Investigator for the Research Experiences for Undergraduates in the Behavioral Sciences program from 1989 to 2002.",
"title": "Career"
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"text": "Overmier co-founded the Winter Conference on Animal Learning in 1981 and served as a President of the Midwestern Psychological Association in 1987. Within the APA, he assumed the presidency of the Society for Behavioral Neuroscience and Comparative Psychology in 1990, later serving as President of the Society for Experimental Psychology and Cognitive Science in 1992 as well as Society for General Psychology in 2003. He held the role of President of the Pavlovian Society from 1995. He also served as the President of the International Union of Psychological Sciences from 2004 to 2008. He was elected to the executive board of the International Council of Science (ICSU) from 2009 to 2011.",
"title": "Career"
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"title": "Research"
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"text": "In his book Animal Learning Survey and Analysis, Overmier discussed the challenges associated with employing anesthetized or immobilized animals, which impede the examination of intricate behaviors within the mammalian nervous system. Robert Boice in a review for The Quarterly Review of Biology described the book as an excellent textbook conveying the author's enthusiasm for animal behavior and sociobiology principles.",
"title": "Works"
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"text": "Overmier and F. Robert Brush edited Affect, Conditioning, and Cognition: Essays on the Determinants of Behavior which encompassed Solomon's teaching and research covering conditioned fear, cognitive aspects in Pavlovian conditioning, and learned helplessness. In the compilation Animal Models of Human Pathology: A Bibliography of a Quarter Century of Behavioral Research, he, in collaboration with Patricia D. Burke, edited 25 years of research on animal behavior models which featured 1600 abstracts and citations from the PsycINFO database. He contributed as an editor to the IAAP Handbook of Applied Psychology as well, which offered an overview of applied psychology and key research findings.",
"title": "Works"
},
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"text": "Co-edited with Marilyn E. Carroll, Overmier's work Animal Research and Human Health: Advancing Human Welfare through Behavioral Science explored the synergistic relationship between human and animal research, showcasing breakthroughs in diverse psychology domains. In a review for the Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, Trevor Robbins stated that \"J. Bruce Overmier has previously provided one of the more precise accounts of the status of the animal model concept which is developed further here to point out its general heuristic utility in abstract problem-solving endeavors of representation in parallel domains.\"",
"title": "Works"
},
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"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Overmier has conducted various studies on animal models and physiological impacts in animals. He explored the consequences of exposing dogs to inescapable shocks, observing a reliable disruption of their subsequent escape-avoidance responses in new situations suggesting that these disruptive effects constituted a state of Learned Helplessness. He expanded on this research, by conducting an investigation involving 18 male dogs subjected to three treatments: hammock habituation, stress induction, and a shuttlebox test. The results revealed that exposure to uncontrollable shocks during stress induction led to a significant increase in cortisol levels. In a 1991 study focused on stress-induced gastric ulcers in animal models, he highlighted the notion that some of these ulcers are primarily driven by brain-related mechanisms suggesting that managing such ulcers can be achieved through central interventions.",
"title": "Works"
},
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"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Overmier's research has provided insights into psychological conditions and the pharmacological impact on behavior. He delved into the two-process approach to learning, with a specific focus on Pavlovian mediational states resulting from stimulus-reinforcer pairings as modulators of instrumental behaviors. He explored the concepts of learned helplessness and learned irrelevance, to shed light on their relevance in understanding conditions such as depression and PTSD underscoring the value of this research and raising concerns about emerging social and legal barriers within this field. His research extended to investigating the specificity of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) through experiments revealing that CS+s significantly influence choices related to their associated specific reinforcers.",
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] | J. Bruce Overmier is an experimental psychologist, author, and academic. He is Professor Emeritus in the Department of Psychology at the University of Minnesota (UMN). Overmier's research is centered on behavioral and biological psychology, with a specific focus on utilizing basic animal research as models to provide fundamental insights into both mental and physical health. He has published journal articles, book chapters, and reference CDs. He is also the author of two books, titled Animal Learning: Survey and Analysis and Animal Models of Human Pathology: A Bibliography of a Quarter Century of Behavioral Research, and the editor of Animal Research and Human Health: Advancing Human Welfare Through Behavioral Science, among others. He is the recipient of the D.O. Hebb Distinguished Scientific Contributions Award, the American Psychological Association inaugural Award for Distinguished Service to Psychological Science, the American Psychological Association Board of Educational Affairs Outstanding Graduate Teaching of Psychology as a Core STEM Discipline Award, the C.T. Morgan Award for Distinguished Service, the Susan T. Rydell Lifetime Achievement Award, and the W. Horsley Gantt Medal. In addition, he won the Ernest R. Hilgard Lifetime Achievement Award and wrote an invited column titled "Reflections on 60 years of working in psychology" in The General Psychologist newsletter, where he reflected on his career and shared nine lessons learned during that time. Overmier is a Fellow of the Association for Psychological Science, and American Psychological Association, as well as an Elected Fellow of the Society of Experimental Psychologists. He is also a member of the International Association of Applied Psychology and the International Society for Comparative Psychology. He has served as the Editor of Learning and Motivation and as an Associate Editor for American Psychologist, Encyclopedia of Psychology, and International Journal of Psychology. | 2023-12-13T08:46:08Z | 2023-12-30T12:21:46Z | [
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75,552,175 | U Walk | U Walk (Arabic: يو ووك), formerly University Avenue (Arabic: جادة الجامعة), is a shopping complex at the Prince Turki al-Awwal Road in the King Saud University district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, owned by Arabian Centres Company. Opened in 2019, it covers an area of almost 30 acres and assumed its current name for its flagship feature, a 900-metre long walkway.
The project was launched by Arabian Centres Company in 2016 and was expected to be completed by 2018. U Walk was officially inaugurated in September 2019. It contains several high-end retail outlets and other luxury destinations. The complex hosted the promotional events for Diriyah ePrix in January 2022. In March 2022, the Ministry of Defense held one of the 8 exhibitions within the complex. | [
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"text": "U Walk (Arabic: يو ووك), formerly University Avenue (Arabic: جادة الجامعة), is a shopping complex at the Prince Turki al-Awwal Road in the King Saud University district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, owned by Arabian Centres Company. Opened in 2019, it covers an area of almost 30 acres and assumed its current name for its flagship feature, a 900-metre long walkway.",
"title": ""
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] | U Walk, formerly University Avenue, is a shopping complex at the Prince Turki al-Awwal Road in the King Saud University district of Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, owned by Arabian Centres Company. Opened in 2019, it covers an area of almost 30 acres and assumed its current name for its flagship feature, a 900-metre long walkway. | 2023-12-13T08:47:33Z | 2023-12-31T23:41:41Z | [
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75,552,198 | Setlhabelo Naser Modukanele | Setlhabelo Naser Modukanele is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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] | Setlhabelo Naser Modukanele is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:51:05Z | 2023-12-21T04:23:16Z | [
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75,552,202 | Talita Monnakgotla | Talita Monnakgotla is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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] | Talita Monnakgotla is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:52:02Z | 2023-12-21T04:21:20Z | [
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75,552,206 | Mabuse Pule | Mabuse Pule is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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] | Mabuse Pule is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Local Government and Rural Development in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:52:39Z | 2023-12-20T04:09:23Z | [
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75,552,215 | Beauty Manake | Beauty Manake is a Botswanan politician and educator. She is the current Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. Her term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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"title": ""
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] | Beauty Manake is a Botswanan politician and educator. She is the current Deputy Minister of Trade and Industry in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. Her term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:55:24Z | 2023-12-13T08:55:24Z | [
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75,552,220 | Honest Buti Billy | Honest Buti Billy is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Youth, Gender, Sport and Culture in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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] | Honest Buti Billy is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Youth, Gender, Sport and Culture in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:56:48Z | 2023-12-21T00:36:48Z | [
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75,552,222 | Germany at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics | Germany will compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024.
The following is the list of number of competitors participating at the Games per sport/discipline.
Germany received 3 male and 3 female quota.
Germany received 4 quota in each gender after finishing in the top 10 of the Nations Cup in the 2022–23 Biathlon World Cup.
Germany received 3 quota in men's bobsleigh via the IBSF Youth Olympics Ranking List.
Germany received 3 male and 3 female quota.
Germany qualified a mixed team and a mixed double, by finishing in the top European teams at the 2022–23 World Junior Curling Championships.
Germany qualified one pair in ice dance via the 2023–24 ISU Junior Grand Prix.
Germany received 2 female quota in dual moguls, 2 male and 2 female quota in ski cross, and 2 male and 2 female quota in slopestyle/big air, but gave back one each.
Germany qualified a team for the 5x5 tournaments by finishing in the top 12 of the 2023 IIHF Youth Ranking. They opted to send a girls' team.
Germany achieved the maximum quota via the 2023–24 Youth A World Cup Standings.
Germany received 2 male and 2 female quota.
Germany achieved 1 male and 2 female quota at the 2023 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships. Germany later gave back 1 female quota.
Germany received 2 male and 2 female quota via the IBSF Youth Olympics Ranking List.
Germany received 2 male and 2 female quota.
Germany received 2 male and 1 female quota in snowboard cross, 1 male and 2 female quota in halfpipe, but they gave back the male quota.
Germany received 2 male and 2 female quota via the 2023–24 ISU Junior World Cup standings. | [
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"text": "Germany will compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024.",
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"title": "Competitors"
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"text": "Germany received 3 male and 3 female quota.",
"title": "Alpine skiing"
},
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"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "Germany received 4 quota in each gender after finishing in the top 10 of the Nations Cup in the 2022–23 Biathlon World Cup.",
"title": "Biathlon"
},
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"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "Germany received 3 quota in men's bobsleigh via the IBSF Youth Olympics Ranking List.",
"title": "Bobsleigh"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "Germany received 3 male and 3 female quota.",
"title": "Cross-country skiing"
},
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"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "Germany qualified a mixed team and a mixed double, by finishing in the top European teams at the 2022–23 World Junior Curling Championships.",
"title": "Curling"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "Germany qualified one pair in ice dance via the 2023–24 ISU Junior Grand Prix.",
"title": "Figure skating"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "Germany received 2 female quota in dual moguls, 2 male and 2 female quota in ski cross, and 2 male and 2 female quota in slopestyle/big air, but gave back one each.",
"title": "Freestyle skiing"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Germany qualified a team for the 5x5 tournaments by finishing in the top 12 of the 2023 IIHF Youth Ranking. They opted to send a girls' team.",
"title": "Ice hockey"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Germany achieved the maximum quota via the 2023–24 Youth A World Cup Standings.",
"title": "Luge"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "Germany received 2 male and 2 female quota.",
"title": "Nordic combined"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "Germany achieved 1 male and 2 female quota at the 2023 World Junior Short Track Speed Skating Championships. Germany later gave back 1 female quota.",
"title": "Short track speed skating"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "Germany received 2 male and 2 female quota via the IBSF Youth Olympics Ranking List.",
"title": "Skeleton"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "Germany received 2 male and 2 female quota.",
"title": "Ski jumping"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "Germany received 2 male and 1 female quota in snowboard cross, 1 male and 2 female quota in halfpipe, but they gave back the male quota.",
"title": "Snowboarding"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Germany received 2 male and 2 female quota via the 2023–24 ISU Junior World Cup standings.",
"title": "Speed skating"
}
] | Germany will compete at the 2024 Winter Youth Olympics in Gangwon, South Korea from 19 January to 1 February 2024. | 2023-12-13T08:59:19Z | 2023-12-24T01:46:04Z | [
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75,552,223 | Molebatsi Shimane Molebatsi | Molebatsi Shimane Molebatsi is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Agriculture in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | [
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] | Molebatsi Shimane Molebatsi is a Botswanan politician and educator. He is the current Deputy Minister of Agriculture in Botswana, having been appointed to the position in 2019 by the current president of Botswana, Mokgweetsi Masisi. His term began on 13 February 2022. | 2023-12-13T08:59:19Z | 2023-12-21T00:35:45Z | [
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75,552,239 | Angus Gault | Angus Tait Gault (30 May 1912 – November 1983) was a rugby league player. He represented the New Zealand rugby league team in 4 matches in 1937 and 1938. In the process he became the 251st player to represent New Zealand. He played rugby union in the Waitomo area for Hangatiki, and represented Maniapoto in the early to mid 1930s before moving to Auckland and playing rugby league for Manukau. He represented Auckland, Auckland Pākehā, the North Island, and New Zealand.
Angus Gault was born on May 30, 1912, in Blair Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. His parents were William Gault (1871-1958) and Agnes Henderson Tait (1879-1918). He had 6 siblings, William Gault (1905-1977), Robert G Gault (1906-?), Alexander Gault (1910-?), Hugh McCallum Gault (1916-?), Agnes Tait Gault (1918-2011), and Elizabeth Margaret Gault (1918-?). Mother Agnes appears to have died giving birth to twins Agnes and Elizabeth as her date of death was July 6, 1918, the same day the twins were born. The death and births occurred in Aviemore, Inverness-shire, Scotland.
Angus came to New Zealand aged 16 in 1928. He departed Southampton, England on November 8 on board the Tamaroa and was said to be a farmer on his shipping records. His older brother by 7 years, William, also emigrated. The first mention of Angus Gault in any of the New Zealand newspapers was on August 29, 1931, in the Waikato Independent. He attended a fancy dress dance at Karapiro Hall in the Waikato and won the waltz dance along with Miss V. McLeod.
In 1932 he competed in several athletic events in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty region. The first reported one was the Mamaku Sports Club meeting on February 20. Mamaku is a small village on the Mamaku Plateau in the Bay of Plenty. He entered the 100 yards, 120 yards, and 440 yard races. Then in late March he ran in the 110 yard, 440 yard, 880 yard races at the Te Kuiti Friendly Societies' Sports Club meeting. He finished the summer athletic meetings when he competed in the Otorohanga Sports Club even on Easter Monday when he ran in the 100 yard, 220 yard, and 880 yard races.
It is unclear exactly when Angus Gault began playing rugby union for Hangatiki. He was in the side which played against Pio Pio on May 7, 1932. The blue and black of Hangatiki lost 21–0. Then on May 14 on the Te Kuiti Domain in a 8–3 loss to Te Kuiti, Gault played a “good game”. Gault played in matches against Mangapehi (21 May), Athletic (28 May), and then Toko on June 4. His form in the loose forwards caught the eye of the selectors and he was chosen as one of the forward reserves for the Maniapoto representative side. Maniapoto was a sub union of the King Country province. The side was to play Ōtorohanga on June 11 at Ōtorohanga. Gault came on at the half time break to replace Brown, with Maniapoto who were leading 14-0 and went on to win 29–0. He next played in Hangatiki's 23–6 loss to Pio Pio on June 18 before they played Te Kuiti on June 25. Gault's specific play was mentioned for the first time in the Te Kuiti match which Hangatiki won 6–3, when it was said that “Gault was doing good work in the loose…”, “J. Nikora came through, and when he was collared the forwards headed by Gault, carried on the good work, and got almost across the line…”. Weather had disrupted the season around this point considerably and Gault did not play again until July 9 when he was chosen for a Country side to play a City side in the King Country union. Gault finished the season with a game for Hangatiki against Mangapehi and was not named in their final matches of the season against Athletic and Toko. His brother William was playing during the year for the Otorohanga side in the same region.
The 1933 season began with Gault playing in the opening round match between Hangatiki and Te Kuiti on the newly opened domain ground on May 6. His following matches were against Pio Pio then Nehe at Rugby Park with Hangatiki winning 8 to 3. He played in matches against Mangapehi on June 10, and Te Kuiti on June 17 and was then selected in the Maniapoto sub union representative side to start. The match was played on June 24 against Otorohanga for the Carlsen Cup. His 28-year-old brother, William was on the opposition Otorohanga side. Maniapoto who wore green and white could only manage a 6–6 draw against the black and white of Otorohanga which meant that the later side retained the Carlsen Cup.
He returned to his Hangatiki side to play against Pio Pio and Nehe on July 1 and 8 respectively. Gault was mentioned in their 6–3 win when “play centred midfield until Gault, Davis and Grey led the blue pack into the yellow territory where a nice kick by the defenders enabled Trench to follow up fast and catch the Blue full-back in possession”. Late in the match with the score 3-3 Gault “suffered a temporary injury” but was able to play on and Hangatiki scored to win. The King Country Chronicle said “Gault, Davis, Hare and Wiske were worthy of mention”. In Hangatiki's July 29 match against Te Kuiti, lost 31–6, Gault played an outstanding game. He broke through Te Kuiti but was tackled “just in time” by J. Barlow, then he was involved in “a loose dribbling rush” with Irvine. The King Country saying at this point that he “was playing a really great game”. Later Hangatiki scored to make it 11–6 with “Gault’s work responsible for a score”. Following a game with Mangapehi on August 5 Gault was selected in the forwards for Maniapoto to play Tainui on August 12. The match was played on the coast and was drawn 3-3. Gault was reported to be one of the “most effective forwards” for Maniapoto along with Koroheke, Hare, and Andrews. Two weeks later the same teams met again for the return match at Rugby Park with Gault again selected in the loose forwards. Maniapoto won 27–5 with Gault “doing good work” in the forwards. He was later mentioned for defensive work and then he came close to scoring in the second half. His final game of the season was for Hangatiki against Te Kuiti in the Pukeweka Shield final on September 2. The match was also being played as a benefit match for P. Davis who had badly fractured his leg playing for Hangatiki earlier in the season and had been in hospital since. Te Kuiti won 17 to 11 with Gault mentioned after coming away with the ball from a lineout after some “hard skirmishing”. A while later he and Riddle burst away but it amounted to nothing.
In 1934 Gault was elected on to the Hangatiki club's social committee for their “Waitomo” sector. The club also had a Hangatiki sector. Gault's first match of the season was for Hangatiki against Te Kuiti on April 28. Hangatiki were well beaten 34-0 although at one stage “Gault made a spectacular burst to be caught just short of the line”. He played in games against United on May 5 and Nehe on May 12. In the latter match he was mentioned as playing well in the forwards though he “missed a fairly easy shot at goal” late in the match in an 11–3 win. There was relatively little coverage of their matches during the season and Gault did not make any representative appearances. He did however play for the Druids and Foresters side against Oddfellows on September 15 in an annual match for the Le Quesnoy Banner. He was out of the forwards for the game with the King Country Chronicle remarking “Gault, trying his hand as a winger, was nothing if not impetuous”. He was involved in their final try in an 18–8 win when he charged through before B. Barlow scored.
The 1935 season was to be a busier one for Gault. He played 13 matches for Hangatiki and 2 for Maniapoto. It was to be his final season playing rugby in the King Country. He scored a try in their opening round loss to Te Kuiti on May 4 by 26 points to 6. He was mentioned several times in the newspaper with the Hangatiki forwards “led by Gault and Hislop, kept battling almost to the end”. Gault's good work led to a try to Koroheke early in the match, with his own try coming soon after half time when he “battled a way through a melee and claimed a score”. The also said that Gault was “fit and started off the season with a great burst of energy”. He played games against Waitete, Te Awamutu, Pio Pio, and then Otorohanga on June 1. He scored a try against Otorohanga after a “determined” effort with Hangatiki winning 11–8. It was noted at this point in the season that he was in the representative frame as he had been “playing very well for Hangatiki”. Gault scored another try on June 22 in a 6–3 win over Waitete. He and Hislop were predominant in their forward pack. His try came after he “broke through the defence to score well out” and saw them secure the final lead. In an 8–6 loss to Pio Pio on July 6 he nearly scored twice but was denied by the defence each time.
Gault was then named in the Maniapoto side to play Waipā on Thursday, July 18. Also named in the side was Frank Pickrang who was to join him at Manukau the following season. Before the match he played for Hangatiki in a 12–3 win over Otorohanga and was prominent in some attacking “dribbling rushes”. The match against Waipā was for the Peace Cup and was an elimination match at Albert Park, Te Awamutu. Maniapoto won 6 points to 3 with Gault scoring one of their tries. In the first half he “created excitement when he dribbled down the side line, but he was grassed, and half time came with no score”. At full time the scores were level 3–3 with ten minutes extra time each was decided upon. Gault scored after “a passing rush almost the full length of the field”. The Waipa Post said that “Craig was the best of the visitors, with Gault and Pickrang particularly good in the tight work. After a match for Hangatiki against Te Kuiti he was selected for Maniapoto’s match with Kawhia on July 27. He was chosen in the front row along with T. Brown, and T, Peterson. Against Kawhia, Maniapoto won 25-6 at home on Rugby Park in Te Kuiti on July 27, with Gault scoring one of their tries. Then for Maniapoto against Waitanguru on August 3 he played the “game of the day… especially in the first half, he played a tremendously powerful forward game, breaking through the tight, dribbling and handling at the head of every attacking movement”. Gault was selected for the Maniapoto side to play their next Peace Cup game against Matamata but he ultimately did not play as he was away from the area at the time of the August 17 game.
Gault finished the season with 3 matches for Hangatiki. The first was against Waitete on August 24, before a 16-11 semi-final win over Pio Pio in the Pukeweka Shield. Gault did “splendid work” for Hangatiki and was mentioned several times, and set up their last try after he “ploughed his way through the whole Pio Pio team… before Ted Davis got the ball across”. Hangatiki won the final when they defeated Waitanguru 17 to 3. Gault scored with his try coming “from a forward rush”, he failed to convert his own try. With the match Gault's career with the side came to an end.
At the start of the 1936 season Gault moved to Auckland to join the Manukau rugby league club. The side had re-entered the first grade competition for the first time in many years and recruited several good rugby union players from around the North Island including Gault, Frank Pickrang, and Jackie Rata from the King Country and several other players from other regions such as Jack Hemi from the Wairarapa. He was officially registered with Manukau at the May 13 meeting of the Auckland Rugby League though had already played in 2 matches prior to this as was common in the era with players switching codes being allowed to play for their new clubs as they were not registered with any other rugby league club. His first match came against Devonport United (North Shore Albions) on May 2 on Carlaw Park #2 field with Devonport winning 27–2 against the new Manukau combination. The match was played in a cold win with heavy rain and occasional hail showers with the New Zealand Herald saying that Gault, along with Jack Whye and Len Kawe “were the best of the forwards” for Manukau.
In round 2 on May 9 tragedy struck the Manukau club with one of their founders, Albert Cowan suffering a fatal heart attack in their dressing room after congratulating the team in the dressing room following their 14–8 over Richmond Rovers. Cowan was buried on May 12 with Gault being one of the pall bearers at his Onehunga funeral, which was the suburb that Manukau were based in at this time. A week later Manukau lost to Ponsonby United 24–18 with Gault and Puti Tipene (Steve) Watene “the best of the forwards”. After a 16–11 win over City Rovers Manukau were defeated by Mount Albert United 23–18 on May 30. The Auckland Star said Frank Pickrang (Gault's Maniapoto teammate) was the best of the Manukau forwards with Gault, Kawe, and Whye “usually in the hunt”. While the Herald said that Gault, Watene, and Kawe were “prominent”.
On June 6 Manukau beat Marist Old Boys 39–18 in a fast game on Carlaw Park #2. He sparked an early try after he “snapped up in the loose” near halfway and fed Pickrang, then after a passing movement Watene scored. The Herald said that Gault was “outstanding” and in addition to the try he was involved with he scored two of his own. Gault was then selected in one of the Auckland representative teams. The Herald wrote that “it is pleasing to note that A. Gault, Manukau, has been given an opportunity in one of the [representative] matches. He is the most-improved forward in Auckland, being fast and a good handler, and work in rucks is of a high standard”. The next week in a 15–14 win over Newton Rangers he was “resourceful” in “foiling” the Newton forwards which included Lou Hutt. It was revealed in an advertisement that Albert (Opai) Asher was training the Manukau side for the season. Asher was a former All Black and New Zealand rugby league representative. On June 20 Manukau drew with one of the other leading teams, Devonport 5 points to 5. The Auckland Star wrote that “Gault was in the limelight continually for fine dribbling and tireless energy in chasing the ball”.
The representative match that Gault had been selected for was the Auckland team to play Wellington on June 23 which was King's Birthday. He was selected in the second row along with Keane from Marist. On the same day another Auckland side was playing a Māori representative team. The Auckland side that Gault played in beat Wellington 25 to 22 with Gault amongst the best of Auckland's forwards along with Dan Keane, J Peterson, Bill Telford, and Jack Satherley. Gault was also involved in a try when he joined a passing movement and sent Ross Jones over.
On June 27 Manukau lost to Richmond 27–11 with Gault concussed and needing to be taken to Auckland Hospital. The Herald reported that “Angus Tait Gault, aged 23, of 312 Queen Street, Onehunga, groundsman” was “conveyed in a St. John ambulance” to hospital but his condition was not reported as serious. The Queen Street in Onehunga mentioned was later renamed to Onehunga Mall. Prior to leaving the field Gault was playing well and he, Pickrang, Whye, Kawe, and Watene “consistently caught the eye”. Following the game he was selected to go into training for the Auckland side to play the touring England side. At the time his weight was stated as “12st 8lb”. He then starred for Manukau in a 14–12 win over the leading Ponsonby side in the 10th round of the Fox Memorial championship. The Auckland Star wrote that “the outstanding forward on the field was Gault, who was always following up and lending his weight in the tight stuff”.
Gault was chosen for a New Zealand trial match at Carlaw Park which would be a curtain raiser to the North Island v South Island inter-island match on July 11. He was selected at prop with Flanagan at hooker and Bill Telford in the other propping position. While they would play opposite the front row of the ‘B Team’ consisting of Clark, John Rutherford, and Bill Breed. Gault's A Team lost 16–13 with Gault scoring one of their 3 tries and playing a “good game”. The Herald said he was “prominent” and his try came after he supported a break down the sideline by Owen Wilkie. On July 18 in a match against City Rovers which Manukau won 10-6 Gault “played a splendid game for Manukau and was conspicuous for fast following up and hard work in the loose and tight”.
Gault was then selected for the Auckland to play England on July 25 at Carlaw Park. He was picked at prop along with Bill Breed, with Jack Satherley at hooker. The Auckland Star said that all the players were deserving of their place and that Gault had been “playing splendid football”. In a different article the Star wrote that “Gault… has been playing wonderfully in club games, … [and] will be making his first appearance in really big football and his form will be watched with interest” along with Bill Breed and Frank Pickrang’s. The Herald also noted that he had been “playing well throughout the season”. Gault would be up against Nat Silcock and Harry Woods in the England front row prop positions. England won the match 22–16 in fairly heavy conditions after rain in front of a 14,000 strong crowd at Carlaw Park. The Herald reported that Breed and Gault were “conspicuous throughout” in the Auckland forward pack. The following week after Manukau beat Mount Albert 11-9 Gault was selected as a forward reserve along with Harold Tetley for the New Zealand team to play England. No replacements were permitted in the test match according to the rules of the time so his training was precautionary in case any forwards were injured in the build up to the test match and ultimately he was not required to play.
Gault scored a try for Manukau on August 22 in round 14 of the championship when they beat Marist 24–7. He was playing in an uncustomary position in the backs. The Auckland Star wrote that he “got through a wealth of good work on the wing”. The reason he was playing in the backs was because Manukau had a wealth of riches in the forward positions with Puti Tipene Watene, Peter Mahima, Jack Whye, John Rutherford, Len Kawe, Frank Pickrang, and Jack Brodrick who were all New Zealand or Auckland representatives. Gault then scored two more tries in Manukau's Fox Memorial title winning victory over Newton 26–6. The match was played on the #2 field at Carlaw Park with Mount Albert's loss to Marist at the same time on the #1 field handing Manukau the championship for 1936. Gault was once again playing on the wing and “ran with splendid determination. The fact that Gault was in the backs was merely illustrative of the fact that they could not find a place for him in the forwards, where there was a great quartet in Pickrang, Brodrick, Kawe and Watene…”. The Herald wrote that “Gault, on the wing, and Pickrang, at five eighths, played outstanding football. The former scored two good tries”, and that “Gault was prominent on the wing, putting in several dashing runs”. During the week the Herald said that “in Pickrang and Gault, Manukau has two of the best forwards seen in Auckland for some years, and players likely to gain high honours next season”. In round 1 of the Roope Rooster knockout competition Gault scored another try whilst playing on the wing. They beat Ponsonby 10–8 with Jack Hemi at five eighth playing “a rattling good game…and once he made a gem of an opening to send Gault over at the corner”. The Herald went on to say “Gault, the big forward, was again called in for service on the wing, and had more that his share of defensive work to do as Ponsonby sensing him as a weakness, swung the play in his direction whenever possible. Though by no means a polished back, Gault, however, performed reasonably well, and let little past him”. They also said he did well with limited opportunities with Walter Brimble debuting in rugby league at five eighth in the Manukau side. They then beat Papakura at Prince Edward Park in Papakura in round 2 on September 12. Gault scored another try and he and Brodrick “were on the attack all the time”. The final was played on September 26 at Carlaw Park and saw Manukau win 23 to 10 against City Rovers. Gault had returned to the pack with the Auckland Star stating “two fine forwards for Manukau were Brodrick and Gault”. The Herald said “Kawe and Gault, one of the most promising forwards in the code, also did good work”. In a later article the Herald wrote that “Gault is a much improved forward and proved a hard player to bring down. He has only to look for supports when in possession to become a high-class forward”. On October 3 Manukau played in the Stormont Shield final which was usually played between the winner of the championship and the winner of the Roope Rooster, however with Manukau winning both trophies Manukau played the runner up for the championship which was Richmond. Richmond won the game comfortably 30 points to 9. In the first half “Gault snapped up the ball and Brimble was over in a flash” to give them their only try.
In late December Gault was mentioned as a cricket player in the Possibles side in an Onehunga Cricket Association match to be played at Waikaraka Park, Onehunga. on December 26. Gault was playing for the Reid Rubber (green) side and in early December he top scored 35 runs in a loss to Reid Rubber (gold) at Waikaraka Park with his side managing just 75 in total. His name was printed as “G Gault” indicating his first name of Angus had been shortened to “Gus”.
The 1937 season saw Gault make his debut in the New Zealand side. He played 19 club matches for Manukau along with 3 games for Auckland, and a New Zealand trial match. At Manukau's annual meeting in late March before 250 members and supporters the success of the club was celebrated along with the individual achievements of several players including Gault's selection as a reserve for the New Zealand side.
In Manukau's first match of the season, a preliminary round match against Richmond on April 17 at Carlaw Park Gault scored a try in a 15–11 loss where he was “in the fore” with Brodrick, Kawe, and Phillips. The Herald wrote during the week that “the Manukau vanguard this season looks a formidable set, and with the experience gained last year Brodrick, Kawe and Gault should develop into outstanding league forwards”. Manukau's first Fox Memorial championship match was on May 1 against North Shore. They won 19–12 with Gault “prominent throughout” with some other forwards. He did blow a try however after he crossed but allowed himself to be pushed over the dead ball line”. Following the game he was selected in the Auckland Pākehā side to play Auckland Māori in a midweek match on May 12. He was initially named in the second row with Bill Breed but was moved to prop in a reshuffling of the forwards with Jack Satherley at hooker. There were nine Manukau players in the Māori squad of 17 with Gault propping against teammate Len Kawe, and Minnix. Prior to the match he was “the best forward” in the Manukau side in a 17–10 win over Marist. Gault’s Auckland Pākehā side defeated the Māori team by 24 points to 14.
Gault then returned to the Manukau side for a stretch of 4 games. The first was a 7-3 loss to Ponsonby on May 15 where he was the pick of the forwards with Kawe and Rickett. He was one of their best forwards again in a 20-4 loss to Mt Albert the following week. Then in a 13-13 draw with City he worked well with Rickett and Painter and they were “always in the limelight”. He was involved in a try in the first half after he combined with the other forwards in a passing movement and the Herald said that he, Watene and Painter “were the best of the forwards”. In an 18–11 win over Newton on June 5 Gault was again “prominent”.
Gault's continued good form saw him selected at prop in the Auckland team to play Taranaki on June 9 at Carlaw Park. Such was Auckland's strength that they had chosen two sides to play, with another Auckland side playing South Auckland (Waikato) in a 1:30 kickoff with Gault's Auckland side playing at 3:00. Auckland beat Taranaki 27–10 with Gault going over to score only to be called back for a forward pass.
Returning to Manukau he “shone” in a 22–18 loss to Richmond in round 7 of the championship. Jack Brodrick was the best forward and was well supported by Gault and Rickett. Manukau then travelled to Taneatua on June 19 to play a Bay of Plenty side in a “travel round” where 6 Auckland clubs played matches around the North Island against local opponents. Manukau won 51–33 in a fast and open game. Gault played “splendidly” along with Watene and Brodrick for the visitors.
They returned to Auckland and continued the championship with a 31–11 win over North Shore with new recruits Rangi Chase and Tommy Chase scoring 2 tries each. Gault was one of their forwards who was “usually to the fore”. They then beat Marist 20–13 with “the Manukau pack working strenuously throughout, and men who emerged with honours were painter, Kawe, Brodrick and Gault”. Gault played another “good game” in a 22–5 win against Newton on July 17. Then after another win, where Gault scored a try, against Ponsonby which saw Manukau move to second in the championship Gault was said to be “probably the best of the Manukau forwards” by the Auckland Star.
In late July, Gault was selected for a New Zealand trial in the Possibles side. He was named at prop with Bill Telford, and Bert Leatherbarrow at hooker with Joe Cootes and Bill Breed propping against them. The match was being played to help the New Zealand selectors choose the side for the upcoming visit of Auckland by Australia. The Possibles won 25–11 in “heavy conditions” though there were several injuries and positional changes. Gault was said to have “showed up well” along with several other forwards. The Herald wrote that “Gault made a good impression and has strong claims for a position in the front row”. With the trial played midweek Gault returned to his Manukau side and scored a try in an 11–11 draw with Richmond. Jack Hemi had been injured in the trial and they were without a regular goal kicker and missed “several easy kicks”. Jack Brodrick was in outstanding form with Gault and Kawe giving him “excellent support”. The Herald mentioned him several times in their match report after he nearly scored early, then did cross for a try, and they later commented that he and Brodrick were “outstanding”. Gault was then chosen in New Zealand's 15 man squad to play Australia by selectors Thomas (Scotty) McClymont, Bert Avery, and Jim Amos. The Herald wrote that “the front row will include Cootes, Glynn, and Gault, and the trio should provide strong opposition for the Australians”.
The Auckland Star opined: “the [New Zealand] forwards have brains and brawn, and players of the type of Glynn, the West Coaster, Gault and Brodrick should be able to keep their opponents moving throughout”.
The test was played at Carlaw Park on August 7 and saw Australia win a close match 12-8 before a crowd of 20,000 after the scores were locked at 6–6 at half time. Gault propped against Jim Gibbs and Ray Stehr. The Auckland Star said that “the New Zealand forwards were triers all the way and most marks for constant endeavour would probably go to Gault, Glynn, and Tetley…” The Herald praised Gault's performance saying “every time Percy Williams set up a passing movement, either Jack McLeod or Gault broke fast from the scrum and checked Ernie Norman, who was often caught in possession”. And that “Gault played a splendid game, and his low tackling was an object lesson to others”.
He was unsurprisingly named in the second test squad to train during the week while the Australian side was due to play New Zealand Māori midweek. New Zealand won the second test 16–15, once again at Carlaw Park, on August 14. Australia was severely handicapped during the match with several injuries and with no replacements allowed in the second half they spent long periods playing with 12 and 11 players, and at one point only had 10 on the field. Brodrick was “the pick of the New Zealand van, but he had good support all the way from Glynn, Gault, and Cootes”. While the Herald wrote in a later review of the match that “Brodrick, Glynn, and Gault were a trio of determined, hard-working forwards”.
Gault returned to the Manukau side for the concluding stages of the championship. They lost to Mt Albert 20–19 on August 21 which ended their hopes of the title. Gault scored one of their 3 tries and played a good game being “most prominent” among their forwards along with Painter. They then lost their final round match to City 23–20 on August 28 to finish 4th of 8 teams in the 1937 championship. The Auckland Star said that Gault “played well all the way”. Manukau finished the season with a loss to Mt Albert in round 1 of the Roope Rooster competition 35 to 18, before Gault missed their 17–15 win over Newton in round 1 of the Phelan Shield knockout competition. The Star said that “the [Manukau] forwards without Gault, were only a shadow of the club’s thirteen fielded earlier in the season”. Gault returned for their semi final loss to North Shore 16–10 on September 18. He was then selected for the final representative match of the season which was for Auckland against New Zealand Māori on October 9. The Māori side won the match at Carlaw Park easily by 43 points to 21 and had a side which featured several of Gault's Manukau teammates.
The 1938 season saw Gault play 17 matches for Manukau and also play once more for Auckland, while he made his one and only appearance for the North Island side in their annual inter-island match. He was also chosen to go on the New Zealand tour of Australia.
His first match was for Manukau against Ponsonby in a championship preliminary round game on April 2 which Manukau won 19–11. They were upset 19-8 by Newton in round 1 of the Fox Memorial championship. Gault “showed out among the forwards” for the losers. The following week Manukau beat North Shore 26–21 with “good passing between Brodrick, Gault and Pita Ririnui was a feature of the game”. Then against Marist on April 23 in an 18–4 win in the main match at Carlaw Park Gault stood out. The Herald wrote “an outstanding forward game was played by Gault, who was in everything. He is an improved player in all departments”. They had a bye before another win against Mt Albert on May 7 by 17 points to 9. Gault was “very prominent in the forwards and was well supported by Brodrick and Ririnui”. Their good form continued with an 18–16 win against Richmond on May 14 with the same three Manukau players being “a fine trio” in the victory.
Gault was selected in the Auckland team to play against a “Rest of the North Island” side as a trial match to help select the New Zealand touring side. He was named at prop along with Des Herring, with Jack Satherley at hooker. Auckland thrashed their opponent 67–14 at Carlaw Park on May 18 with Gault scoring 1 of their 14 tries. He was then selected for the North Island team to play South Island on May 21. The Herald said that in the Auckland match “Gault, in the front row, … played a splendid game and excelled with good handling”.
For the North Island, Gault was selected in the second row with Manukau teammate Jack Brodrick. Des Herring and Joe Cootes who had played well in the losing ‘Rest of North Island’ side were selected at prop. The inter-island match was played at Carlaw Park on May 21 and saw the North Island team run out huge victors by 55 points to 2 with Gault scoring 1 of their 12 tries. He narrowly missed scoring earlier, brought down a foot from the try line by a tackle. He was later involved in a “good passing bout” with Tetley and Herring, and soon after missed another try when Clarry McNeil broke away but threw a forward pass to Gault to blow the try. Then early in the second half Joe Cootes “sent Gault over for a try” before he later took a pass from McNeil which he passed to Herring who scored.
Following the resounding win over the South Island, Gault was selected in the New Zealand team to tour Australia. He was among the 22 players chosen which included 11 forwards. The side was unsurprisingly dominated by Auckland players with 18 in the squad. The Auckland Star wrote “Jack McLeod, Gault, Brodrick, and John Anderson represent the best type of mid row players in the game”. The Herald said “Gault is a good all-round forward, particularly in the second row, where his speed is useful”.
The Herald also published a piece with brief biographical information about each player and of Gault they wrote “A. Gault (Auckland) is 24 years of age and weighs 13st. 2lb. He played representative football in the King Country and is a greatly improved forward. He has speed and is a good handler”.
Before they departed for the tour Gault played one more match for Manukau against City in round 7 of the championship. They won 23 to 19 with Gault scoring yet again. He and Pita Ririnui were the “leaders” in their forwards. The same newspaper later said he “was the pick of the forwards”.
On May 30 a ball was held for them at the Peter Pan Cabaret in the evening. Then on May 31 a civic farewell was held for the side with Auckland mayor Sir Ernest Davis leading proceedings at the Auckland Town Hall, preceded by morning tea at George Court's. The side departed on the Canadian-Australasian liner Niagara from Auckland, travelling to Sydney on June 1.
Gault was selected to play in the second row with Brodrick in the first tour match against New South Wales on June 11 at the Sydney Cricket Ground. Before a crowd of 28,303 New South Wales beat New Zealand 25-12 after leading 8–3 at halftime. During the second half Arthur Kay was injured meaning New Zealand played with 12 and fell away. The New Zealand forwards were said to have “played splendidly”, particularly Brodrick, with Gault and Herring “also conspicuous”. The Truth newspaper in Sydney said “Gault, McNeight, Satherley, and Herring were like tigers in close, while Tetley was everywhere”. The Sydney Morning Herald said the same players played “with considerable dash”. While the Referee publication wrote “Brodrick second row, Gault not so tall, but solid and sound, Herring front row, and Tetley, lock, were most dangerous among a good, lively set of New Zealand scrummagers”.
Gault was dropped for the second match against the same opponent with the selectors preferring the “slightly heavier” Jack McLeod in the second row. New Zealand won convincingly by 37 points to 18.
He was selected again for the 3rd match of the tour against North Coast at Lismore on June 15 with New Zealand winning 23–2. Gault was named in an extended 17 player squad with 8 forwards for the next match on the tour against Queensland on June 18 at the Brisbane Cricket Ground (Gabba). On June 21 it was reported that Gault had been injured during scrummaging practice and was taken to hospital where it was found he had a “badly-bruised hip bone”. And he would stay in “hospital for observation, and it is extremely unlikely that he will be able to play against Toowoomba on Wednesday”. The Brisbane Telegraph published a photograph of Gault being carried from the training field. Unsurprisingly Gault was omitted from the New Zealand team to play Queensland and then Toowoomba. It was further reported that “Gault had been in pain ever since admission to hospital on Monday. An x-ray was taken, but the result will not be known before to-morrow morning. “the doctors do not think there is anything serious, probably only a bruise”, said Mr. Redwood. Gault had been named in the side to play Toowoomba and “was removed by ambulance bearers to the hospital”.
It was said that “Gault was not indulging in any strenuous movements when he sustained the injury… he emerged from a ruck, and standing upright he felt a terrific pain in his side. Staggering a few yards, he collapsed on the ground and lay there unable to move”. After a few days in hospital Gault was able to leave with it revealed that he had torn his hip muscle and was ruled out of the remainder of the tour. Gault arrived back in New Zealand with the rest of the team on July 16 after returning on board the Aorangi. He was named in the reserves for the New Zealand side to play Auckland on July 16 at Carlaw Park as he was likely not fully recovered.
Gault was next named to play in a match for Manukau against City a week later, on July 23. In a round 16 match against Mt Albert which Manukau won 31–5 on August 6 Gault played a splendid game along with Ririnui, Brodrick, and Whye with Gault scoring one of their tries. He then played in Auckland's final representative match of the season when they came up against Canterbury on August 13 at Carlaw Park. He was selected in the front row with Jack McLeod in the other prop position and Jack Satherley at hooker. Auckland won the game 28–22 against a relatively strong Canterbury side.
Gault then finished the season with several matches for Manukau. Their final championship match was against Ponsonby and saw them win 26 to 14 with Gault scoring two of their tries, both of which were set up by Rangi Chase. The result meant they leap frogged Manukau on the table and finished in 4th place out of 9. Gault was once again playing on the wing as he has done a handful of times previously in his career. The Herald said that for his first try he “showed a lot of pace on the wing to score a nice try” while his second came after “Chase went through the whole team” before Gault received it to score. They went on to mention that “Gault, the New Zealand forward, was a success on the wing and always hard to stop”. The positional move had come after “Manukau were a bit short of playing material and to complete their backs they had to play Gault at wing three-quarter, a position in which the New Zealand forward did quite well”. In a round 2 match for the Phelan Shield, Gault “did a lot of good work among the Manukau forwards”. Gault, Ririnui, and Maguire, were “the pick of the forwards” for Manukau in their 26-8 Phelan Shield semi final win over Ponsonby on September 24. Their penultimate game for the season was against the touring Eastern Suburbs side which had finished runner up in the NSW RFL competition. They beat Manukau 16–7 at Carlaw Park on September 28 with Gault and Ririnui said to have played “good games in the forwards” for Manukau. His final game of the season was against Papakura on October 1 in the Phelan Shield final. The match was played as curtain-raiser to the Eastern Suburbs v Richmond game with 11,000 in attendance. Manukau won 18–8 with Gault once again named as one of the pick of the forwards along with Ririnui and Harry Zane-Zaninovich.
The 1939 season was to be Gault's last despite being just 27 years of age. He played in 10 of Manukau's games, scoring 2 tries and made one representative appearance for the Auckland Pākehā side which played Auckland Māori before retiring from the game.
He was named in the first Manukau squad of the year to play [Ponsonby Ponies|Ponsonby]] on April 1. The season was starting early with a view to have much of the football played before the New Zealand touring team for England was selected. Manukau lost the game 29–22. Gault was named during the week to play a Sydney XIII side which was touring Auckland and included several top players from 6 different Sydney club sides. Gault played “a particularly fine game” along with Ririnui and Brodrick in a 23–10 loss in which George Nēpia made a reappearance for the Manukau side. Gault and Ririnui “headed an attack” which eventually saw T. Whye cross for a try. Later in the match he was in the clear but lacked support which could have seen a try. The New Zealand Herald said during the week that followed that “a number of forwards seen against the visitors played high-class football. Their chances of eventually winning a place in the New Zealand team appear bright. They are M. Devine, J. McLeod, G. Mitchell, P. Ririnui, A. Gault, J. Brodrick, M. Hansen, and W. Cameron… they are all fast and splendid handlers”.
Gault then played in 7 consecutive games for Manukau in the Fox Memorial championship. The first was against Papakura on April 22 with Manukau winning 20–0. The Herald said that Gault, Ririnui, and Brodrick “played as well as the three quarters” and were “good in the loose”, “playing fine games”. In further comments on the Manukau forwards the Herald wrote that “Gault played a sterling game, following up fast and tackling well”. He was photographed in the Herald standing in a 2-man tackle in their 38–15 loss to Mt Albert on May 6. Then in a 15–5 loss to Richmond the following week he scored their only try and “played a dashing game in th forwards”. Gault scored again in their round 9 match with Marist on June 3 when they won 26–11. Gault was once again mentioned as one of the best forwards for the winners.
Gault was selected for the Auckland Pākehā team which had begun playing matches a few years prior with the rise of Māori rugby league in the Auckland area. The fixture had become a regular one that had been popular. Gault was named at prop with Richard Shadbolt the other prop and Bert Leatherbarrow at hooker. The Auckland Star said in comments on various players form that “Gault, of Manukau, has consistently maintained a high standard”. The Auckland Māori (Tāmaki) side won 19–15 at Carlaw Park on June 5. Afterwards the Herald wrote that “Ririnui, Mataira, and Gault” had strong claims for selection in the full Auckland representative side in the front row. They mentioned that Gault “is a good battling type of forward”.
Somewhat surprisingly Gault was about to play his last known game of rugby league. He played a good game for Manukau against Ponsonby on June 10 which Manukau won 10–6. The Auckland Star wrote “for the winners men who were never far away from where the play was thickest were Gault, Ririnui, and Marsh…” While the Herald said that he played a good game along with Ririnui and Waka McLeod. The following week Manukau had a bye in the championship and played a game against Huntly at Waikaraka Park in Onehunga, Manukau's home area however Gault was absent along with other Manukau stars, Jack Hemi, and Jack Brodrick.
It is unknown if he had any further involvement in rugby league or rugby union from this point on. He enlisted in the war in the early 1940s when he would have been around 30 years of age.
On June 8 a personal notice appeared in the King Country Chronicle stating “the engagement is announced of Edna May, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. McKenzie, of Whanganui, late of Te Kuiti, to Angus Tait, fourth son of Mr. and the late Mrs. W. Gault, of Scotland”.
The electoral roll in 1938 stated that Gault worked at Waitomo Hostel near the Waitomo Caves and was an employee of the government. It was a position he had held since at least 1935 as it was the same in those electoral roll records also. As he was playing rugby league in Auckland in the 1938 season it is likely that he had been returning to the King Country in the of season. The same roll showed that his brother William was still living in the area and farming. The 1938 Onehunga Supplementary Roll recorded Gault as working as a labourer and living at 5 Cameron Street in Onehunga which would have been his occupation and address during the rugby league season. Three years later he was still living on Cameron Street in Onehunga and working as a labourer.
In April 1941 Gault's name was drawn in the second ballot for overseas service after he had previously volunteered. he was recorded as living at 55 Onslow Avenue, Epsom at the time. In the New Zealand Gazette of Tuesday, March 4, 1941, the names of all those who had volunteered was listed, with Gault's occupation listed as “slaughterman”. The June 25, 1942 New Zealand Gazette publication stated that Gault was going to be “2nd Lieutenant (temp.)” dated 12 May 1942 along with 3 other men in the N.Z. Artillery. His Cenotaph record at the Auckland Museum states his service number as WWII 39652 and that he was in the Army branch of the Armed Forces. His address before enlistment was given as 127 The Drive, Epsom, Auckland, while on his embarkation his wife, Rona, was living at 7 Mariri Rd., Onehunga. His other records show that Gault was in the New Zealand Artillery, 215 Composite Anti-Aircraft Battery in the N Force. The N Force was a small New Zealand Army unit of infantry and artillery that garrisoned Norfolk Island between October 1942 and February 1944. The 215th Composite Anti-Aircraft Batter that Gault was a part of were armed with four 3.7-inch anti-aircraft and eight 40-millimetre guns. After returning from the war effort Gault was awarded the War Medal 1939–1945, and the New Zealand War Service Medal.
Gault married Rona Hurst Aspden on December 28, 1940. They had three children, Peter, Gary, and Janice.
After returning from war Gault applied for a Continuous Good Service Licence in late June, 1945. Such a license was to allow the recipient to transport gods in a truck. He was living in Onehunga by this point.By 1946 he still lived in Onehunga but was resident on Mariri Rd, and working as a carrier. He continued to live at the Mariri Rd address and work as a carrier until at least the early 1960s. In 1957 their son Peter Douglas Gault was living with them and working as an electrician according to the 1957 electoral rolls.
By 1966 Gault had moved to Papatoetoe and was living at Edorvale Ave, working as a cartage contractor. It was a profession he stayed in while living in the same area until the 1970s. In the 1970s he moved back to Epsom and was living on Golf Road, working as a contractor in his mid 60s. By 1978 he was listed as being retired but then in 1980 as working back again as a contractor. He would have been aged 68 by this time. The following year in 1981 Gault had moved with Rona back to Onehunga, and lived on Athens Road. It was the same suburb their youngest children, Gary, and Janice were living in.
Angus Tait Gault died on September 23, 1983, aged 71. His wife Rona died 3 years later in 1986 aged 71. | [
{
"paragraph_id": 0,
"text": "Angus Tait Gault (30 May 1912 – November 1983) was a rugby league player. He represented the New Zealand rugby league team in 4 matches in 1937 and 1938. In the process he became the 251st player to represent New Zealand. He played rugby union in the Waitomo area for Hangatiki, and represented Maniapoto in the early to mid 1930s before moving to Auckland and playing rugby league for Manukau. He represented Auckland, Auckland Pākehā, the North Island, and New Zealand.",
"title": ""
},
{
"paragraph_id": 1,
"text": "Angus Gault was born on May 30, 1912, in Blair Atholl, Perthshire, Scotland. His parents were William Gault (1871-1958) and Agnes Henderson Tait (1879-1918). He had 6 siblings, William Gault (1905-1977), Robert G Gault (1906-?), Alexander Gault (1910-?), Hugh McCallum Gault (1916-?), Agnes Tait Gault (1918-2011), and Elizabeth Margaret Gault (1918-?). Mother Agnes appears to have died giving birth to twins Agnes and Elizabeth as her date of death was July 6, 1918, the same day the twins were born. The death and births occurred in Aviemore, Inverness-shire, Scotland.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 2,
"text": "Angus came to New Zealand aged 16 in 1928. He departed Southampton, England on November 8 on board the Tamaroa and was said to be a farmer on his shipping records. His older brother by 7 years, William, also emigrated. The first mention of Angus Gault in any of the New Zealand newspapers was on August 29, 1931, in the Waikato Independent. He attended a fancy dress dance at Karapiro Hall in the Waikato and won the waltz dance along with Miss V. McLeod.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 3,
"text": "In 1932 he competed in several athletic events in the Waikato and Bay of Plenty region. The first reported one was the Mamaku Sports Club meeting on February 20. Mamaku is a small village on the Mamaku Plateau in the Bay of Plenty. He entered the 100 yards, 120 yards, and 440 yard races. Then in late March he ran in the 110 yard, 440 yard, 880 yard races at the Te Kuiti Friendly Societies' Sports Club meeting. He finished the summer athletic meetings when he competed in the Otorohanga Sports Club even on Easter Monday when he ran in the 100 yard, 220 yard, and 880 yard races.",
"title": "Early life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 4,
"text": "It is unclear exactly when Angus Gault began playing rugby union for Hangatiki. He was in the side which played against Pio Pio on May 7, 1932. The blue and black of Hangatiki lost 21–0. Then on May 14 on the Te Kuiti Domain in a 8–3 loss to Te Kuiti, Gault played a “good game”. Gault played in matches against Mangapehi (21 May), Athletic (28 May), and then Toko on June 4. His form in the loose forwards caught the eye of the selectors and he was chosen as one of the forward reserves for the Maniapoto representative side. Maniapoto was a sub union of the King Country province. The side was to play Ōtorohanga on June 11 at Ōtorohanga. Gault came on at the half time break to replace Brown, with Maniapoto who were leading 14-0 and went on to win 29–0. He next played in Hangatiki's 23–6 loss to Pio Pio on June 18 before they played Te Kuiti on June 25. Gault's specific play was mentioned for the first time in the Te Kuiti match which Hangatiki won 6–3, when it was said that “Gault was doing good work in the loose…”, “J. Nikora came through, and when he was collared the forwards headed by Gault, carried on the good work, and got almost across the line…”. Weather had disrupted the season around this point considerably and Gault did not play again until July 9 when he was chosen for a Country side to play a City side in the King Country union. Gault finished the season with a game for Hangatiki against Mangapehi and was not named in their final matches of the season against Athletic and Toko. His brother William was playing during the year for the Otorohanga side in the same region.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 5,
"text": "The 1933 season began with Gault playing in the opening round match between Hangatiki and Te Kuiti on the newly opened domain ground on May 6. His following matches were against Pio Pio then Nehe at Rugby Park with Hangatiki winning 8 to 3. He played in matches against Mangapehi on June 10, and Te Kuiti on June 17 and was then selected in the Maniapoto sub union representative side to start. The match was played on June 24 against Otorohanga for the Carlsen Cup. His 28-year-old brother, William was on the opposition Otorohanga side. Maniapoto who wore green and white could only manage a 6–6 draw against the black and white of Otorohanga which meant that the later side retained the Carlsen Cup.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 6,
"text": "He returned to his Hangatiki side to play against Pio Pio and Nehe on July 1 and 8 respectively. Gault was mentioned in their 6–3 win when “play centred midfield until Gault, Davis and Grey led the blue pack into the yellow territory where a nice kick by the defenders enabled Trench to follow up fast and catch the Blue full-back in possession”. Late in the match with the score 3-3 Gault “suffered a temporary injury” but was able to play on and Hangatiki scored to win. The King Country Chronicle said “Gault, Davis, Hare and Wiske were worthy of mention”. In Hangatiki's July 29 match against Te Kuiti, lost 31–6, Gault played an outstanding game. He broke through Te Kuiti but was tackled “just in time” by J. Barlow, then he was involved in “a loose dribbling rush” with Irvine. The King Country saying at this point that he “was playing a really great game”. Later Hangatiki scored to make it 11–6 with “Gault’s work responsible for a score”. Following a game with Mangapehi on August 5 Gault was selected in the forwards for Maniapoto to play Tainui on August 12. The match was played on the coast and was drawn 3-3. Gault was reported to be one of the “most effective forwards” for Maniapoto along with Koroheke, Hare, and Andrews. Two weeks later the same teams met again for the return match at Rugby Park with Gault again selected in the loose forwards. Maniapoto won 27–5 with Gault “doing good work” in the forwards. He was later mentioned for defensive work and then he came close to scoring in the second half. His final game of the season was for Hangatiki against Te Kuiti in the Pukeweka Shield final on September 2. The match was also being played as a benefit match for P. Davis who had badly fractured his leg playing for Hangatiki earlier in the season and had been in hospital since. Te Kuiti won 17 to 11 with Gault mentioned after coming away with the ball from a lineout after some “hard skirmishing”. A while later he and Riddle burst away but it amounted to nothing.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 7,
"text": "In 1934 Gault was elected on to the Hangatiki club's social committee for their “Waitomo” sector. The club also had a Hangatiki sector. Gault's first match of the season was for Hangatiki against Te Kuiti on April 28. Hangatiki were well beaten 34-0 although at one stage “Gault made a spectacular burst to be caught just short of the line”. He played in games against United on May 5 and Nehe on May 12. In the latter match he was mentioned as playing well in the forwards though he “missed a fairly easy shot at goal” late in the match in an 11–3 win. There was relatively little coverage of their matches during the season and Gault did not make any representative appearances. He did however play for the Druids and Foresters side against Oddfellows on September 15 in an annual match for the Le Quesnoy Banner. He was out of the forwards for the game with the King Country Chronicle remarking “Gault, trying his hand as a winger, was nothing if not impetuous”. He was involved in their final try in an 18–8 win when he charged through before B. Barlow scored.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 8,
"text": "The 1935 season was to be a busier one for Gault. He played 13 matches for Hangatiki and 2 for Maniapoto. It was to be his final season playing rugby in the King Country. He scored a try in their opening round loss to Te Kuiti on May 4 by 26 points to 6. He was mentioned several times in the newspaper with the Hangatiki forwards “led by Gault and Hislop, kept battling almost to the end”. Gault's good work led to a try to Koroheke early in the match, with his own try coming soon after half time when he “battled a way through a melee and claimed a score”. The also said that Gault was “fit and started off the season with a great burst of energy”. He played games against Waitete, Te Awamutu, Pio Pio, and then Otorohanga on June 1. He scored a try against Otorohanga after a “determined” effort with Hangatiki winning 11–8. It was noted at this point in the season that he was in the representative frame as he had been “playing very well for Hangatiki”. Gault scored another try on June 22 in a 6–3 win over Waitete. He and Hislop were predominant in their forward pack. His try came after he “broke through the defence to score well out” and saw them secure the final lead. In an 8–6 loss to Pio Pio on July 6 he nearly scored twice but was denied by the defence each time.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 9,
"text": "Gault was then named in the Maniapoto side to play Waipā on Thursday, July 18. Also named in the side was Frank Pickrang who was to join him at Manukau the following season. Before the match he played for Hangatiki in a 12–3 win over Otorohanga and was prominent in some attacking “dribbling rushes”. The match against Waipā was for the Peace Cup and was an elimination match at Albert Park, Te Awamutu. Maniapoto won 6 points to 3 with Gault scoring one of their tries. In the first half he “created excitement when he dribbled down the side line, but he was grassed, and half time came with no score”. At full time the scores were level 3–3 with ten minutes extra time each was decided upon. Gault scored after “a passing rush almost the full length of the field”. The Waipa Post said that “Craig was the best of the visitors, with Gault and Pickrang particularly good in the tight work. After a match for Hangatiki against Te Kuiti he was selected for Maniapoto’s match with Kawhia on July 27. He was chosen in the front row along with T. Brown, and T, Peterson. Against Kawhia, Maniapoto won 25-6 at home on Rugby Park in Te Kuiti on July 27, with Gault scoring one of their tries. Then for Maniapoto against Waitanguru on August 3 he played the “game of the day… especially in the first half, he played a tremendously powerful forward game, breaking through the tight, dribbling and handling at the head of every attacking movement”. Gault was selected for the Maniapoto side to play their next Peace Cup game against Matamata but he ultimately did not play as he was away from the area at the time of the August 17 game.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 10,
"text": "Gault finished the season with 3 matches for Hangatiki. The first was against Waitete on August 24, before a 16-11 semi-final win over Pio Pio in the Pukeweka Shield. Gault did “splendid work” for Hangatiki and was mentioned several times, and set up their last try after he “ploughed his way through the whole Pio Pio team… before Ted Davis got the ball across”. Hangatiki won the final when they defeated Waitanguru 17 to 3. Gault scored with his try coming “from a forward rush”, he failed to convert his own try. With the match Gault's career with the side came to an end.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 11,
"text": "At the start of the 1936 season Gault moved to Auckland to join the Manukau rugby league club. The side had re-entered the first grade competition for the first time in many years and recruited several good rugby union players from around the North Island including Gault, Frank Pickrang, and Jackie Rata from the King Country and several other players from other regions such as Jack Hemi from the Wairarapa. He was officially registered with Manukau at the May 13 meeting of the Auckland Rugby League though had already played in 2 matches prior to this as was common in the era with players switching codes being allowed to play for their new clubs as they were not registered with any other rugby league club. His first match came against Devonport United (North Shore Albions) on May 2 on Carlaw Park #2 field with Devonport winning 27–2 against the new Manukau combination. The match was played in a cold win with heavy rain and occasional hail showers with the New Zealand Herald saying that Gault, along with Jack Whye and Len Kawe “were the best of the forwards” for Manukau.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 12,
"text": "In round 2 on May 9 tragedy struck the Manukau club with one of their founders, Albert Cowan suffering a fatal heart attack in their dressing room after congratulating the team in the dressing room following their 14–8 over Richmond Rovers. Cowan was buried on May 12 with Gault being one of the pall bearers at his Onehunga funeral, which was the suburb that Manukau were based in at this time. A week later Manukau lost to Ponsonby United 24–18 with Gault and Puti Tipene (Steve) Watene “the best of the forwards”. After a 16–11 win over City Rovers Manukau were defeated by Mount Albert United 23–18 on May 30. The Auckland Star said Frank Pickrang (Gault's Maniapoto teammate) was the best of the Manukau forwards with Gault, Kawe, and Whye “usually in the hunt”. While the Herald said that Gault, Watene, and Kawe were “prominent”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 13,
"text": "On June 6 Manukau beat Marist Old Boys 39–18 in a fast game on Carlaw Park #2. He sparked an early try after he “snapped up in the loose” near halfway and fed Pickrang, then after a passing movement Watene scored. The Herald said that Gault was “outstanding” and in addition to the try he was involved with he scored two of his own. Gault was then selected in one of the Auckland representative teams. The Herald wrote that “it is pleasing to note that A. Gault, Manukau, has been given an opportunity in one of the [representative] matches. He is the most-improved forward in Auckland, being fast and a good handler, and work in rucks is of a high standard”. The next week in a 15–14 win over Newton Rangers he was “resourceful” in “foiling” the Newton forwards which included Lou Hutt. It was revealed in an advertisement that Albert (Opai) Asher was training the Manukau side for the season. Asher was a former All Black and New Zealand rugby league representative. On June 20 Manukau drew with one of the other leading teams, Devonport 5 points to 5. The Auckland Star wrote that “Gault was in the limelight continually for fine dribbling and tireless energy in chasing the ball”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 14,
"text": "The representative match that Gault had been selected for was the Auckland team to play Wellington on June 23 which was King's Birthday. He was selected in the second row along with Keane from Marist. On the same day another Auckland side was playing a Māori representative team. The Auckland side that Gault played in beat Wellington 25 to 22 with Gault amongst the best of Auckland's forwards along with Dan Keane, J Peterson, Bill Telford, and Jack Satherley. Gault was also involved in a try when he joined a passing movement and sent Ross Jones over.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 15,
"text": "On June 27 Manukau lost to Richmond 27–11 with Gault concussed and needing to be taken to Auckland Hospital. The Herald reported that “Angus Tait Gault, aged 23, of 312 Queen Street, Onehunga, groundsman” was “conveyed in a St. John ambulance” to hospital but his condition was not reported as serious. The Queen Street in Onehunga mentioned was later renamed to Onehunga Mall. Prior to leaving the field Gault was playing well and he, Pickrang, Whye, Kawe, and Watene “consistently caught the eye”. Following the game he was selected to go into training for the Auckland side to play the touring England side. At the time his weight was stated as “12st 8lb”. He then starred for Manukau in a 14–12 win over the leading Ponsonby side in the 10th round of the Fox Memorial championship. The Auckland Star wrote that “the outstanding forward on the field was Gault, who was always following up and lending his weight in the tight stuff”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 16,
"text": "Gault was chosen for a New Zealand trial match at Carlaw Park which would be a curtain raiser to the North Island v South Island inter-island match on July 11. He was selected at prop with Flanagan at hooker and Bill Telford in the other propping position. While they would play opposite the front row of the ‘B Team’ consisting of Clark, John Rutherford, and Bill Breed. Gault's A Team lost 16–13 with Gault scoring one of their 3 tries and playing a “good game”. The Herald said he was “prominent” and his try came after he supported a break down the sideline by Owen Wilkie. On July 18 in a match against City Rovers which Manukau won 10-6 Gault “played a splendid game for Manukau and was conspicuous for fast following up and hard work in the loose and tight”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 17,
"text": "Gault was then selected for the Auckland to play England on July 25 at Carlaw Park. He was picked at prop along with Bill Breed, with Jack Satherley at hooker. The Auckland Star said that all the players were deserving of their place and that Gault had been “playing splendid football”. In a different article the Star wrote that “Gault… has been playing wonderfully in club games, … [and] will be making his first appearance in really big football and his form will be watched with interest” along with Bill Breed and Frank Pickrang’s. The Herald also noted that he had been “playing well throughout the season”. Gault would be up against Nat Silcock and Harry Woods in the England front row prop positions. England won the match 22–16 in fairly heavy conditions after rain in front of a 14,000 strong crowd at Carlaw Park. The Herald reported that Breed and Gault were “conspicuous throughout” in the Auckland forward pack. The following week after Manukau beat Mount Albert 11-9 Gault was selected as a forward reserve along with Harold Tetley for the New Zealand team to play England. No replacements were permitted in the test match according to the rules of the time so his training was precautionary in case any forwards were injured in the build up to the test match and ultimately he was not required to play.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 18,
"text": "Gault scored a try for Manukau on August 22 in round 14 of the championship when they beat Marist 24–7. He was playing in an uncustomary position in the backs. The Auckland Star wrote that he “got through a wealth of good work on the wing”. The reason he was playing in the backs was because Manukau had a wealth of riches in the forward positions with Puti Tipene Watene, Peter Mahima, Jack Whye, John Rutherford, Len Kawe, Frank Pickrang, and Jack Brodrick who were all New Zealand or Auckland representatives. Gault then scored two more tries in Manukau's Fox Memorial title winning victory over Newton 26–6. The match was played on the #2 field at Carlaw Park with Mount Albert's loss to Marist at the same time on the #1 field handing Manukau the championship for 1936. Gault was once again playing on the wing and “ran with splendid determination. The fact that Gault was in the backs was merely illustrative of the fact that they could not find a place for him in the forwards, where there was a great quartet in Pickrang, Brodrick, Kawe and Watene…”. The Herald wrote that “Gault, on the wing, and Pickrang, at five eighths, played outstanding football. The former scored two good tries”, and that “Gault was prominent on the wing, putting in several dashing runs”. During the week the Herald said that “in Pickrang and Gault, Manukau has two of the best forwards seen in Auckland for some years, and players likely to gain high honours next season”. In round 1 of the Roope Rooster knockout competition Gault scored another try whilst playing on the wing. They beat Ponsonby 10–8 with Jack Hemi at five eighth playing “a rattling good game…and once he made a gem of an opening to send Gault over at the corner”. The Herald went on to say “Gault, the big forward, was again called in for service on the wing, and had more that his share of defensive work to do as Ponsonby sensing him as a weakness, swung the play in his direction whenever possible. Though by no means a polished back, Gault, however, performed reasonably well, and let little past him”. They also said he did well with limited opportunities with Walter Brimble debuting in rugby league at five eighth in the Manukau side. They then beat Papakura at Prince Edward Park in Papakura in round 2 on September 12. Gault scored another try and he and Brodrick “were on the attack all the time”. The final was played on September 26 at Carlaw Park and saw Manukau win 23 to 10 against City Rovers. Gault had returned to the pack with the Auckland Star stating “two fine forwards for Manukau were Brodrick and Gault”. The Herald said “Kawe and Gault, one of the most promising forwards in the code, also did good work”. In a later article the Herald wrote that “Gault is a much improved forward and proved a hard player to bring down. He has only to look for supports when in possession to become a high-class forward”. On October 3 Manukau played in the Stormont Shield final which was usually played between the winner of the championship and the winner of the Roope Rooster, however with Manukau winning both trophies Manukau played the runner up for the championship which was Richmond. Richmond won the game comfortably 30 points to 9. In the first half “Gault snapped up the ball and Brimble was over in a flash” to give them their only try.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 19,
"text": "In late December Gault was mentioned as a cricket player in the Possibles side in an Onehunga Cricket Association match to be played at Waikaraka Park, Onehunga. on December 26. Gault was playing for the Reid Rubber (green) side and in early December he top scored 35 runs in a loss to Reid Rubber (gold) at Waikaraka Park with his side managing just 75 in total. His name was printed as “G Gault” indicating his first name of Angus had been shortened to “Gus”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 20,
"text": "The 1937 season saw Gault make his debut in the New Zealand side. He played 19 club matches for Manukau along with 3 games for Auckland, and a New Zealand trial match. At Manukau's annual meeting in late March before 250 members and supporters the success of the club was celebrated along with the individual achievements of several players including Gault's selection as a reserve for the New Zealand side.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 21,
"text": "In Manukau's first match of the season, a preliminary round match against Richmond on April 17 at Carlaw Park Gault scored a try in a 15–11 loss where he was “in the fore” with Brodrick, Kawe, and Phillips. The Herald wrote during the week that “the Manukau vanguard this season looks a formidable set, and with the experience gained last year Brodrick, Kawe and Gault should develop into outstanding league forwards”. Manukau's first Fox Memorial championship match was on May 1 against North Shore. They won 19–12 with Gault “prominent throughout” with some other forwards. He did blow a try however after he crossed but allowed himself to be pushed over the dead ball line”. Following the game he was selected in the Auckland Pākehā side to play Auckland Māori in a midweek match on May 12. He was initially named in the second row with Bill Breed but was moved to prop in a reshuffling of the forwards with Jack Satherley at hooker. There were nine Manukau players in the Māori squad of 17 with Gault propping against teammate Len Kawe, and Minnix. Prior to the match he was “the best forward” in the Manukau side in a 17–10 win over Marist. Gault’s Auckland Pākehā side defeated the Māori team by 24 points to 14.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 22,
"text": "Gault then returned to the Manukau side for a stretch of 4 games. The first was a 7-3 loss to Ponsonby on May 15 where he was the pick of the forwards with Kawe and Rickett. He was one of their best forwards again in a 20-4 loss to Mt Albert the following week. Then in a 13-13 draw with City he worked well with Rickett and Painter and they were “always in the limelight”. He was involved in a try in the first half after he combined with the other forwards in a passing movement and the Herald said that he, Watene and Painter “were the best of the forwards”. In an 18–11 win over Newton on June 5 Gault was again “prominent”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 23,
"text": "Gault's continued good form saw him selected at prop in the Auckland team to play Taranaki on June 9 at Carlaw Park. Such was Auckland's strength that they had chosen two sides to play, with another Auckland side playing South Auckland (Waikato) in a 1:30 kickoff with Gault's Auckland side playing at 3:00. Auckland beat Taranaki 27–10 with Gault going over to score only to be called back for a forward pass.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 24,
"text": "Returning to Manukau he “shone” in a 22–18 loss to Richmond in round 7 of the championship. Jack Brodrick was the best forward and was well supported by Gault and Rickett. Manukau then travelled to Taneatua on June 19 to play a Bay of Plenty side in a “travel round” where 6 Auckland clubs played matches around the North Island against local opponents. Manukau won 51–33 in a fast and open game. Gault played “splendidly” along with Watene and Brodrick for the visitors.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 25,
"text": "They returned to Auckland and continued the championship with a 31–11 win over North Shore with new recruits Rangi Chase and Tommy Chase scoring 2 tries each. Gault was one of their forwards who was “usually to the fore”. They then beat Marist 20–13 with “the Manukau pack working strenuously throughout, and men who emerged with honours were painter, Kawe, Brodrick and Gault”. Gault played another “good game” in a 22–5 win against Newton on July 17. Then after another win, where Gault scored a try, against Ponsonby which saw Manukau move to second in the championship Gault was said to be “probably the best of the Manukau forwards” by the Auckland Star.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 26,
"text": "In late July, Gault was selected for a New Zealand trial in the Possibles side. He was named at prop with Bill Telford, and Bert Leatherbarrow at hooker with Joe Cootes and Bill Breed propping against them. The match was being played to help the New Zealand selectors choose the side for the upcoming visit of Auckland by Australia. The Possibles won 25–11 in “heavy conditions” though there were several injuries and positional changes. Gault was said to have “showed up well” along with several other forwards. The Herald wrote that “Gault made a good impression and has strong claims for a position in the front row”. With the trial played midweek Gault returned to his Manukau side and scored a try in an 11–11 draw with Richmond. Jack Hemi had been injured in the trial and they were without a regular goal kicker and missed “several easy kicks”. Jack Brodrick was in outstanding form with Gault and Kawe giving him “excellent support”. The Herald mentioned him several times in their match report after he nearly scored early, then did cross for a try, and they later commented that he and Brodrick were “outstanding”. Gault was then chosen in New Zealand's 15 man squad to play Australia by selectors Thomas (Scotty) McClymont, Bert Avery, and Jim Amos. The Herald wrote that “the front row will include Cootes, Glynn, and Gault, and the trio should provide strong opposition for the Australians”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 27,
"text": "The Auckland Star opined: “the [New Zealand] forwards have brains and brawn, and players of the type of Glynn, the West Coaster, Gault and Brodrick should be able to keep their opponents moving throughout”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 28,
"text": "The test was played at Carlaw Park on August 7 and saw Australia win a close match 12-8 before a crowd of 20,000 after the scores were locked at 6–6 at half time. Gault propped against Jim Gibbs and Ray Stehr. The Auckland Star said that “the New Zealand forwards were triers all the way and most marks for constant endeavour would probably go to Gault, Glynn, and Tetley…” The Herald praised Gault's performance saying “every time Percy Williams set up a passing movement, either Jack McLeod or Gault broke fast from the scrum and checked Ernie Norman, who was often caught in possession”. And that “Gault played a splendid game, and his low tackling was an object lesson to others”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 29,
"text": "He was unsurprisingly named in the second test squad to train during the week while the Australian side was due to play New Zealand Māori midweek. New Zealand won the second test 16–15, once again at Carlaw Park, on August 14. Australia was severely handicapped during the match with several injuries and with no replacements allowed in the second half they spent long periods playing with 12 and 11 players, and at one point only had 10 on the field. Brodrick was “the pick of the New Zealand van, but he had good support all the way from Glynn, Gault, and Cootes”. While the Herald wrote in a later review of the match that “Brodrick, Glynn, and Gault were a trio of determined, hard-working forwards”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 30,
"text": "Gault returned to the Manukau side for the concluding stages of the championship. They lost to Mt Albert 20–19 on August 21 which ended their hopes of the title. Gault scored one of their 3 tries and played a good game being “most prominent” among their forwards along with Painter. They then lost their final round match to City 23–20 on August 28 to finish 4th of 8 teams in the 1937 championship. The Auckland Star said that Gault “played well all the way”. Manukau finished the season with a loss to Mt Albert in round 1 of the Roope Rooster competition 35 to 18, before Gault missed their 17–15 win over Newton in round 1 of the Phelan Shield knockout competition. The Star said that “the [Manukau] forwards without Gault, were only a shadow of the club’s thirteen fielded earlier in the season”. Gault returned for their semi final loss to North Shore 16–10 on September 18. He was then selected for the final representative match of the season which was for Auckland against New Zealand Māori on October 9. The Māori side won the match at Carlaw Park easily by 43 points to 21 and had a side which featured several of Gault's Manukau teammates.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 31,
"text": "The 1938 season saw Gault play 17 matches for Manukau and also play once more for Auckland, while he made his one and only appearance for the North Island side in their annual inter-island match. He was also chosen to go on the New Zealand tour of Australia.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 32,
"text": "His first match was for Manukau against Ponsonby in a championship preliminary round game on April 2 which Manukau won 19–11. They were upset 19-8 by Newton in round 1 of the Fox Memorial championship. Gault “showed out among the forwards” for the losers. The following week Manukau beat North Shore 26–21 with “good passing between Brodrick, Gault and Pita Ririnui was a feature of the game”. Then against Marist on April 23 in an 18–4 win in the main match at Carlaw Park Gault stood out. The Herald wrote “an outstanding forward game was played by Gault, who was in everything. He is an improved player in all departments”. They had a bye before another win against Mt Albert on May 7 by 17 points to 9. Gault was “very prominent in the forwards and was well supported by Brodrick and Ririnui”. Their good form continued with an 18–16 win against Richmond on May 14 with the same three Manukau players being “a fine trio” in the victory.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 33,
"text": "Gault was selected in the Auckland team to play against a “Rest of the North Island” side as a trial match to help select the New Zealand touring side. He was named at prop along with Des Herring, with Jack Satherley at hooker. Auckland thrashed their opponent 67–14 at Carlaw Park on May 18 with Gault scoring 1 of their 14 tries. He was then selected for the North Island team to play South Island on May 21. The Herald said that in the Auckland match “Gault, in the front row, … played a splendid game and excelled with good handling”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 34,
"text": "For the North Island, Gault was selected in the second row with Manukau teammate Jack Brodrick. Des Herring and Joe Cootes who had played well in the losing ‘Rest of North Island’ side were selected at prop. The inter-island match was played at Carlaw Park on May 21 and saw the North Island team run out huge victors by 55 points to 2 with Gault scoring 1 of their 12 tries. He narrowly missed scoring earlier, brought down a foot from the try line by a tackle. He was later involved in a “good passing bout” with Tetley and Herring, and soon after missed another try when Clarry McNeil broke away but threw a forward pass to Gault to blow the try. Then early in the second half Joe Cootes “sent Gault over for a try” before he later took a pass from McNeil which he passed to Herring who scored.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 35,
"text": "Following the resounding win over the South Island, Gault was selected in the New Zealand team to tour Australia. He was among the 22 players chosen which included 11 forwards. The side was unsurprisingly dominated by Auckland players with 18 in the squad. The Auckland Star wrote “Jack McLeod, Gault, Brodrick, and John Anderson represent the best type of mid row players in the game”. The Herald said “Gault is a good all-round forward, particularly in the second row, where his speed is useful”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 36,
"text": "The Herald also published a piece with brief biographical information about each player and of Gault they wrote “A. Gault (Auckland) is 24 years of age and weighs 13st. 2lb. He played representative football in the King Country and is a greatly improved forward. He has speed and is a good handler”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 37,
"text": "Before they departed for the tour Gault played one more match for Manukau against City in round 7 of the championship. They won 23 to 19 with Gault scoring yet again. He and Pita Ririnui were the “leaders” in their forwards. The same newspaper later said he “was the pick of the forwards”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 38,
"text": "On May 30 a ball was held for them at the Peter Pan Cabaret in the evening. Then on May 31 a civic farewell was held for the side with Auckland mayor Sir Ernest Davis leading proceedings at the Auckland Town Hall, preceded by morning tea at George Court's. The side departed on the Canadian-Australasian liner Niagara from Auckland, travelling to Sydney on June 1.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 39,
"text": "Gault was selected to play in the second row with Brodrick in the first tour match against New South Wales on June 11 at the Sydney Cricket Ground. Before a crowd of 28,303 New South Wales beat New Zealand 25-12 after leading 8–3 at halftime. During the second half Arthur Kay was injured meaning New Zealand played with 12 and fell away. The New Zealand forwards were said to have “played splendidly”, particularly Brodrick, with Gault and Herring “also conspicuous”. The Truth newspaper in Sydney said “Gault, McNeight, Satherley, and Herring were like tigers in close, while Tetley was everywhere”. The Sydney Morning Herald said the same players played “with considerable dash”. While the Referee publication wrote “Brodrick second row, Gault not so tall, but solid and sound, Herring front row, and Tetley, lock, were most dangerous among a good, lively set of New Zealand scrummagers”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 40,
"text": "Gault was dropped for the second match against the same opponent with the selectors preferring the “slightly heavier” Jack McLeod in the second row. New Zealand won convincingly by 37 points to 18.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 41,
"text": "He was selected again for the 3rd match of the tour against North Coast at Lismore on June 15 with New Zealand winning 23–2. Gault was named in an extended 17 player squad with 8 forwards for the next match on the tour against Queensland on June 18 at the Brisbane Cricket Ground (Gabba). On June 21 it was reported that Gault had been injured during scrummaging practice and was taken to hospital where it was found he had a “badly-bruised hip bone”. And he would stay in “hospital for observation, and it is extremely unlikely that he will be able to play against Toowoomba on Wednesday”. The Brisbane Telegraph published a photograph of Gault being carried from the training field. Unsurprisingly Gault was omitted from the New Zealand team to play Queensland and then Toowoomba. It was further reported that “Gault had been in pain ever since admission to hospital on Monday. An x-ray was taken, but the result will not be known before to-morrow morning. “the doctors do not think there is anything serious, probably only a bruise”, said Mr. Redwood. Gault had been named in the side to play Toowoomba and “was removed by ambulance bearers to the hospital”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 42,
"text": "It was said that “Gault was not indulging in any strenuous movements when he sustained the injury… he emerged from a ruck, and standing upright he felt a terrific pain in his side. Staggering a few yards, he collapsed on the ground and lay there unable to move”. After a few days in hospital Gault was able to leave with it revealed that he had torn his hip muscle and was ruled out of the remainder of the tour. Gault arrived back in New Zealand with the rest of the team on July 16 after returning on board the Aorangi. He was named in the reserves for the New Zealand side to play Auckland on July 16 at Carlaw Park as he was likely not fully recovered.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 43,
"text": "Gault was next named to play in a match for Manukau against City a week later, on July 23. In a round 16 match against Mt Albert which Manukau won 31–5 on August 6 Gault played a splendid game along with Ririnui, Brodrick, and Whye with Gault scoring one of their tries. He then played in Auckland's final representative match of the season when they came up against Canterbury on August 13 at Carlaw Park. He was selected in the front row with Jack McLeod in the other prop position and Jack Satherley at hooker. Auckland won the game 28–22 against a relatively strong Canterbury side.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 44,
"text": "Gault then finished the season with several matches for Manukau. Their final championship match was against Ponsonby and saw them win 26 to 14 with Gault scoring two of their tries, both of which were set up by Rangi Chase. The result meant they leap frogged Manukau on the table and finished in 4th place out of 9. Gault was once again playing on the wing as he has done a handful of times previously in his career. The Herald said that for his first try he “showed a lot of pace on the wing to score a nice try” while his second came after “Chase went through the whole team” before Gault received it to score. They went on to mention that “Gault, the New Zealand forward, was a success on the wing and always hard to stop”. The positional move had come after “Manukau were a bit short of playing material and to complete their backs they had to play Gault at wing three-quarter, a position in which the New Zealand forward did quite well”. In a round 2 match for the Phelan Shield, Gault “did a lot of good work among the Manukau forwards”. Gault, Ririnui, and Maguire, were “the pick of the forwards” for Manukau in their 26-8 Phelan Shield semi final win over Ponsonby on September 24. Their penultimate game for the season was against the touring Eastern Suburbs side which had finished runner up in the NSW RFL competition. They beat Manukau 16–7 at Carlaw Park on September 28 with Gault and Ririnui said to have played “good games in the forwards” for Manukau. His final game of the season was against Papakura on October 1 in the Phelan Shield final. The match was played as curtain-raiser to the Eastern Suburbs v Richmond game with 11,000 in attendance. Manukau won 18–8 with Gault once again named as one of the pick of the forwards along with Ririnui and Harry Zane-Zaninovich.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 45,
"text": "The 1939 season was to be Gault's last despite being just 27 years of age. He played in 10 of Manukau's games, scoring 2 tries and made one representative appearance for the Auckland Pākehā side which played Auckland Māori before retiring from the game.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 46,
"text": "He was named in the first Manukau squad of the year to play [Ponsonby Ponies|Ponsonby]] on April 1. The season was starting early with a view to have much of the football played before the New Zealand touring team for England was selected. Manukau lost the game 29–22. Gault was named during the week to play a Sydney XIII side which was touring Auckland and included several top players from 6 different Sydney club sides. Gault played “a particularly fine game” along with Ririnui and Brodrick in a 23–10 loss in which George Nēpia made a reappearance for the Manukau side. Gault and Ririnui “headed an attack” which eventually saw T. Whye cross for a try. Later in the match he was in the clear but lacked support which could have seen a try. The New Zealand Herald said during the week that followed that “a number of forwards seen against the visitors played high-class football. Their chances of eventually winning a place in the New Zealand team appear bright. They are M. Devine, J. McLeod, G. Mitchell, P. Ririnui, A. Gault, J. Brodrick, M. Hansen, and W. Cameron… they are all fast and splendid handlers”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 47,
"text": "Gault then played in 7 consecutive games for Manukau in the Fox Memorial championship. The first was against Papakura on April 22 with Manukau winning 20–0. The Herald said that Gault, Ririnui, and Brodrick “played as well as the three quarters” and were “good in the loose”, “playing fine games”. In further comments on the Manukau forwards the Herald wrote that “Gault played a sterling game, following up fast and tackling well”. He was photographed in the Herald standing in a 2-man tackle in their 38–15 loss to Mt Albert on May 6. Then in a 15–5 loss to Richmond the following week he scored their only try and “played a dashing game in th forwards”. Gault scored again in their round 9 match with Marist on June 3 when they won 26–11. Gault was once again mentioned as one of the best forwards for the winners.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 48,
"text": "Gault was selected for the Auckland Pākehā team which had begun playing matches a few years prior with the rise of Māori rugby league in the Auckland area. The fixture had become a regular one that had been popular. Gault was named at prop with Richard Shadbolt the other prop and Bert Leatherbarrow at hooker. The Auckland Star said in comments on various players form that “Gault, of Manukau, has consistently maintained a high standard”. The Auckland Māori (Tāmaki) side won 19–15 at Carlaw Park on June 5. Afterwards the Herald wrote that “Ririnui, Mataira, and Gault” had strong claims for selection in the full Auckland representative side in the front row. They mentioned that Gault “is a good battling type of forward”.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 49,
"text": "Somewhat surprisingly Gault was about to play his last known game of rugby league. He played a good game for Manukau against Ponsonby on June 10 which Manukau won 10–6. The Auckland Star wrote “for the winners men who were never far away from where the play was thickest were Gault, Ririnui, and Marsh…” While the Herald said that he played a good game along with Ririnui and Waka McLeod. The following week Manukau had a bye in the championship and played a game against Huntly at Waikaraka Park in Onehunga, Manukau's home area however Gault was absent along with other Manukau stars, Jack Hemi, and Jack Brodrick.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 50,
"text": "It is unknown if he had any further involvement in rugby league or rugby union from this point on. He enlisted in the war in the early 1940s when he would have been around 30 years of age.",
"title": "Playing career"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 51,
"text": "On June 8 a personal notice appeared in the King Country Chronicle stating “the engagement is announced of Edna May, only daughter of Mr. and Mrs. J. McKenzie, of Whanganui, late of Te Kuiti, to Angus Tait, fourth son of Mr. and the late Mrs. W. Gault, of Scotland”.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 52,
"text": "The electoral roll in 1938 stated that Gault worked at Waitomo Hostel near the Waitomo Caves and was an employee of the government. It was a position he had held since at least 1935 as it was the same in those electoral roll records also. As he was playing rugby league in Auckland in the 1938 season it is likely that he had been returning to the King Country in the of season. The same roll showed that his brother William was still living in the area and farming. The 1938 Onehunga Supplementary Roll recorded Gault as working as a labourer and living at 5 Cameron Street in Onehunga which would have been his occupation and address during the rugby league season. Three years later he was still living on Cameron Street in Onehunga and working as a labourer.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 53,
"text": "In April 1941 Gault's name was drawn in the second ballot for overseas service after he had previously volunteered. he was recorded as living at 55 Onslow Avenue, Epsom at the time. In the New Zealand Gazette of Tuesday, March 4, 1941, the names of all those who had volunteered was listed, with Gault's occupation listed as “slaughterman”. The June 25, 1942 New Zealand Gazette publication stated that Gault was going to be “2nd Lieutenant (temp.)” dated 12 May 1942 along with 3 other men in the N.Z. Artillery. His Cenotaph record at the Auckland Museum states his service number as WWII 39652 and that he was in the Army branch of the Armed Forces. His address before enlistment was given as 127 The Drive, Epsom, Auckland, while on his embarkation his wife, Rona, was living at 7 Mariri Rd., Onehunga. His other records show that Gault was in the New Zealand Artillery, 215 Composite Anti-Aircraft Battery in the N Force. The N Force was a small New Zealand Army unit of infantry and artillery that garrisoned Norfolk Island between October 1942 and February 1944. The 215th Composite Anti-Aircraft Batter that Gault was a part of were armed with four 3.7-inch anti-aircraft and eight 40-millimetre guns. After returning from the war effort Gault was awarded the War Medal 1939–1945, and the New Zealand War Service Medal.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 54,
"text": "Gault married Rona Hurst Aspden on December 28, 1940. They had three children, Peter, Gary, and Janice.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 55,
"text": "After returning from war Gault applied for a Continuous Good Service Licence in late June, 1945. Such a license was to allow the recipient to transport gods in a truck. He was living in Onehunga by this point.By 1946 he still lived in Onehunga but was resident on Mariri Rd, and working as a carrier. He continued to live at the Mariri Rd address and work as a carrier until at least the early 1960s. In 1957 their son Peter Douglas Gault was living with them and working as an electrician according to the 1957 electoral rolls.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 56,
"text": "By 1966 Gault had moved to Papatoetoe and was living at Edorvale Ave, working as a cartage contractor. It was a profession he stayed in while living in the same area until the 1970s. In the 1970s he moved back to Epsom and was living on Golf Road, working as a contractor in his mid 60s. By 1978 he was listed as being retired but then in 1980 as working back again as a contractor. He would have been aged 68 by this time. The following year in 1981 Gault had moved with Rona back to Onehunga, and lived on Athens Road. It was the same suburb their youngest children, Gary, and Janice were living in.",
"title": "Personal life"
},
{
"paragraph_id": 57,
"text": "Angus Tait Gault died on September 23, 1983, aged 71. His wife Rona died 3 years later in 1986 aged 71.",
"title": "Personal life"
}
] | Angus Tait Gault was a rugby league player. He represented the New Zealand rugby league team in 4 matches in 1937 and 1938. In the process he became the 251st player to represent New Zealand. He played rugby union in the Waitomo area for Hangatiki, and represented Maniapoto in the early to mid 1930s before moving to Auckland and playing rugby league for Manukau. He represented Auckland, Auckland Pākehā, the North Island, and New Zealand. | 2023-12-13T09:04:38Z | 2023-12-25T12:42:33Z | [
"Template:Use dmy dates",
"Template:Use New Zealand English",
"Template:Infobox rugby league biography",
"Template:Reflist",
"Template:Cite news"
] | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Angus_Gault |
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